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M IL L E R | H U L L AR CH I TECTS OF TH E PACI FI C N ORTH WEST
M IL L E R | H U L L AR CH I TECTS OF TH E PACI FI C N ORTH WEST
S he r i Ol son
For ew or d b y D avi d M i l l er an d R ob er t H u l l
P r i nc e t on Ar c hi t e c t u r a l P r e ss
P r i n c e t o n Ar c h i t e c t u r a l P r e s s
3 7 Ea s t 7 t h St r e e t N e w Yo r k , N Y 1 0 0 0 3 For a f r ee c at al og of b ook s p u b l i sh ed b y Pr i n c et on Ar c h i t ec t u r al Pr ess, c al l t ol l f r ee 1 . 8 0 0 . 7 2 2 . 6 6 5 7 or vi si t www. p ap r ess. c om
T e x t c o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 1 Sh e r i Ol s o n Al l r i gh t s r eser ved . N o p ar t of t h i s wor k m ay b e u sed or r ep r od u c ed i n an y m an n er wi t h ou t wr i t t en p er m i ssi on f r om t h e p u b l i sh er exc ep t i n t h e c on t ext of r evi ews. Ev e r y r e a s o n a b l e a t t e m p t h a s b e e n m a d e t o i d e n t i f y o w n e r s o f c o p y r i g h t . Er r o r s o r o m i s s i o n s wi l l b e c or r ec t ed i n su b seq u en t ed i t i on s. Ph ot os F r o n t i s p i e c e : B a i n b r i d g e I s l a n d Ci t y H a l l T a b l e o f c o n t e n t s : M i c h a e l s / Si s s o n H o u s e W o r k s , p 2 9 : Co a c h e s B o a t H o u s e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Wa s h i n g t o n Ed i t o r : J a n Ci g l i a n o Co p y e d i t o r : H e a t h e r Ew i n g D e s i g n e r : St u a r t M c K e e Sp e c i a l t h a n k s t o N e t t i e A l j i a n , A n n A l t e r , A m a n d a A t k i n s , N i c o l a B e d n a r e k , J a n e Ga r v i e , Cl a r e J a c o b s o n , M i a I h a r a , M a r k L a m s t e r , N a n c y Ek l u n d L a t e r , A n n e N i t s c h k e , L o t t c h e n Sh i v e r s , J e n n i f e r T h o m p s o n , a n d D e b Wo o d o f P r i n c e t o n Ar c h i t ec t u r al Pr ess — Kevi n Li p p er t , p u b l i sh er I SB N 1 0 : 1 - 5 6 8 9 8 - 2 3 1 - 3 I SB N 1 3 : 9 7 8 - 1 - 5 6 8 9 8 - 2 3 1 - 1 L i b r a r y o f Co n g r e s s Ca t a l o g i n g - i n - P u b l i c a t i o n D a t a Ol s o n , Sh e r i ( 1 9 6 1 – M i l l er / H u l l : ar c h i t ec t s of t h e Pac i f i c N o r t h w e s t / Sh e r i Ol s o n ; f o r e w o r d b y D a v i d M i l l er an d Rob er t H u l l p. cm. I n c l u d es b i b l i ogr ap h i c al r ef er en c es.
1 . M iller / H ull Partnership — Criticism and interpretation. 2 . M odern movement (Architecture)— U nited States — N orthwest, Pacific. 3 . Architecture, M odern — 2 0 th century — U nited States — N orthwest, Pacific. I . Title. N A 7 3 7 . M 4 9 O4 5 2 0 0 1 720’.92’2— dc21 CI P 00-048316 P r i n t e d i n Ch i n a 10 09 08 07
5 4
1 3
Ac k n owl ed gm en t s For ewor d D avi d M i l l er an d R ob er t H u l l
9
U n c o n v e n t i o n a l Wi s d o m : Th e M i l l er / H u l l Par t n er sh i p
CON T EN T S
214
D e g r e e s o f Se p a r a t i o n
216
Pr oj ec t Dat a
220
P r o j e c t Ch r o n o l o g y
224
Awar d s
228
B i ogr ap h i es of Par t n er s
2 31
St a f f L i s t
232
Se l e c t e d B i b l i o g r a p h y
234
P h o t o Cr e d i t s
30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 80 86
WO R K S
92 96 98 10 4 110 116 12 2 12 8 13 6 14 2 15 0 15 6 16 4 17 2 18 0 18 8 19 4 200 206
Gor t on / B ou n d s Cab i n M ar i n e Tec h n ol ogy Fac i l i t y, Seat t l e Cen t r al Com m u n i t y Col l ege Ar t St u d i os, Ever gr een St at e Col l ege N ovot n y Cab i n B oei n g Caf et er i a M ar q u an d R et r eat U n i ver si t y of Wash i n gt on , Coac h es B oat H ou se Gi r vi n Cab i n Gar f i el d Com m u n i t y Cen t er Ol ym p i c Col l ege, Sh el t on Passen ger- On l y Fer r y Ter m i n al En vi r on m en t al Pavi l i on , 1 9 9 6 Su m m er Ol ym p i c s N W Fed er al Cr ed i t U n i on Lak e Wash i n gt on Sc h ool D i st r i c t R esou r c e Cen t er Tah om a N at i on al Cem et er y Poi n t R ob er t s B or d er St at i on N or t h Ki t sap Tr an sp or t at i on Cen t er Wat er Pol l u t i on Con t r ol Lab or at or y D i sc over y Par k Vi si t or s Cen t er Yaq u i n a H ead I n t er p r et i ve Cen t er H an sm an R esi d en c e Cam p b el l Or c h ar d R esi d en c e Ch i n g Cab i n M i c h ael s / Si sson R esi d en c e R od d y / B al e R esi d en c e Fr em on t Pu b l i c Assoc i at i on Vash on I sl an d Tr an sf er an d R ec yc l i n g St at i on Ki n g Cou n t r y Li b r ar y Ser vi c e Cen t er B ai n b r i d ge I sl an d Ci t y H al l
L EF T: P OI N T R OB ER T S B OR D ER ST AT I ON , P OI N T R OB ER T S, WA SH I N GT ON , 1 9 9 7
On a rare su n n y d ay d u rin g th e sp rin g of 1 9 9 9 a tou r of Seattle arch itectu re led m e an d Jan Ciglian o of Prin ceton Arch itectu ral Press d own a win d in g, wood ed road on M ercer I slan d t o t h e M ic h aels / Sisson r esid en c e d esign ed b y M iller / H u ll. As Am y M ich aels en th u siastically sh owed u s th rou gh h er h ou se, th e id ea for th is b ook was b orn . Th an ks to Jan for h er early su p p ort of th is p roject, frien d ly en cou ragem en t, an d keen gu id an ce.
Deep ap p reciation goes to Jam es Ru ssell, ed itor at large at
Architectural Record an d Rob ert B ru egm an n , p rofessor of arch itectu ral h istory at th e U n iversity of Illin ois at Ch icago, wh o b oth read early p ortion s of th e m an u scrip t an d offered in sigh tfu l ad vice.
A C K N O WL E D G M E N T S
Sin cere th an ks to th e M iller / H u ll Partn ersh ip , esp ecially David M iller, Rob ert H u ll, N orm Stron g, Craig Cu rtis, Su san Kelly,
She ri Ol son
Sian
Rob er t s,
Sc ot t
Wolf ,
M olly Coop er,
Am y
DeDom in icis, Rob ert H u tch ison , Van essa Kan esh iro, Am y Lelyveld , an d Clau d in e M an io.
Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on Se pt e mbe r 2 0 0 0
M iller / H u ll’s clien ts graciou sly op en ed th eir h om es an d en t h u siast ic ally sh ar ed t h eir st or ies: An n ie an d Ch r is Cam ard a; Kevin Fetterly; Tim Girvin an d Kath leen Rob erts; Lin d a Gorton an d Ken B ou n d s; Joh n an d Lori H an sm an ; Ed M arq u an d ; Am y M ich aels an d Larry Sisson , Jr.; Cyn th ia N ovotn y; an d Jan Rod d y an d M arc B ale.
H eartfelt ap p reciation to th e d ed icated an d lovin g wom en at Leah ’s Presch ool, wh o cared for m y son wh ile I worked on this m anuscript: Leah Nelsonm oon, Jennifer Driftm eir, Nalie Lee-Wen , Tien M cCain , Eb on y Steele, an d M an d y Stoker.
Th an ks to Owen Klin kon , an d fin ally to Ph il Klin kon for h is th ou gh tfu l com m en ts, en d less p atien ce, an d u n failin g good h u m or.
1
L EF T: CED A R H I L L S A CT I VI T I ES B U I L D I N G, M A P L E VA L L EY, WA SH I N GT ON , 1 9 7 9
F O R E WO R D
David M iller and Robert Hull
Th is m on ograp h d ocu m en ts th e d esign work of a grou p p ractice. As a stu d io we (th e fou n d in g p artn ers) h ave always worked in collab oration . Th e p rocess of collab oration h as b een twofold : in teractive in vestigation s in to th e n atu re an d th e p oten tials of a p roject, an d evalu ation s an d criticism s of th e correctn ess of d irection s p rop osed . In th e early d ays of th e stu d io, we fou n d th at id eas exp lored b y on e p artn er cou ld b e b rou gh t in to sh arp er focu s, clarified , an d exp an d ed th rou gh con versation s with th e oth er p artn er (n ow p artn ers an d associates) ab ou t b oth th e in ten t an d th e p oten tial of th ose id eas. Collab oration op erates am on g th e arch itects in ou r firm , an d also cu ts across d iscip lin es in ou r work with artists, landscape architects, engineers, and clients. Wh at are th e sh ared in ten tion s an d gu id in g p rin cip als of ou r stu d io? M iller / H u ll’s arch itectu re is a search for th e correctness of an idea. We are interested in discovering the specific m anifestations of a place. We seek out the peculiarities that m ake a place or m ark a special circum stance.
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K I M M I CK EA R T H SH ELT ER R ESI D EN CE, M OD EL , CL E EL U M , WA SH I N GT ON , 1 9 8 2
4
Wh en we feel we h ave cap tu red th e con d ition s of th e architectural program and peculiarities of place, we often look for ways to b en d or au gm en t th ese con d ition s in to the irregular. These irregularities can often speak of truths. Ou r in vestigation s aren ’t always lin ear or logical, an d rarely follow th e sam e p ath , b u t th ey d o aim for wh at we u n d erstan d as correct. We can ’t m ove a p roject forward u n til we feel we h ave it righ t. We d ep en d on each oth er an d th e collective wisd om of th e stu d io to b e th e ju d ge of th is fit. On e can trace th e evid en ce an d d evelop m en t of th is collab orative p rocess b y lookin g at th ree p rojects. Two early projects — one built, one unbuilt — and one recently com p leted p roject stan d as critical exam p les of th e p rocess of in vestigation an d d esign at M iller / H u ll. In th e Kim m ick Resid en ce, d esign ed in 1 9 8 2 , we were asked to d esign a h ou se on a sou th -orien ted h illsid e in eastern Wash in gton . At th e tim e we were in terested in
K I M M I CK R ESI D EN CE, P L A N
th e em ergin g tech n ologies of p assive solar, su p er in su la-
Th e Ced ar H ills Activities B u ild in g, d esign ed in 1 9 7 9 ,
tion , an d earth -sh eltered con stru ction . Given th e steep
was ou r first p u b lic com m ission . We were given a sim p le
slop e, we were d rawn to th e id ea of terracin g th e room s
p rogram in wh ich to h ou se art in stru ction an d grou p
u p th e h illsid e u n d er an earth -sh eltered roof. In th e
cou n selin g for a resid en t alcoh olism p rogram ru n b y
in vestigation p rocess, th e id ea em erged of lin kin g th e
Kin g Cou n ty. B y lookin g at th e p rogram , we d evelop ed
“ terraces” b y a lin ear glazed solar collector can ted u p
an attitu d e of civil d isob ed ien ce an d refu sed to in flict a
th e slop e an d align ed to tru e solar sou th . (In terestin gly
typ ically in stitu tion al kin d of b u ild in g on th e occu p an ts.
th is an gle was sim ilar to th e p ath of an im als trekkin g u p
We added porches to the program that functioned as out-
th e steep h illsid e.) A sep aration of stru ctu re an d en ve-
door classrooms. This allowed the building to be stretched
lop e was ach ieved b y su p p ortin g th e h eavy tim b er-
to com m an d a greater p resen ce on th e site. Du e to a
fram ed roof from tu rn ed wood colu m n s an d stru t b races
very restricted b u d get, th e con stru ction system of th e
an d th en lean in g th e win d ow system of glazed garage
b u ild in g was exp licit: two, p arallel stru ctu ral b earin g
d oors again st th e roof p arap et. Set p erp en d icu lar to th e
walls, sh eath ed in p lywood an d su p p orted b y con crete
slop e, th e garage d oors created a kin d of skewed , “ irreg-
p iers, were b raced b y large tim b er V tru sses at each en d
u lar,” referen ce to reality. Th e wood stru ctu re was to b e
an d at th e win d ow walls, an d sp an n ed b y p refab ricated
p u rch ased from a log h om e m an u factu rin g com p an y an d
tru sses. Th e in terior p artition s were n on -load -b earin g,
th e glazin g system from a local garage d oor com p an y.
wh ich allowed for flexib ility in recon figu rin g th e sp ace.
Th is was on e of ou r first p rojects th at looked at u tilizin g
Th e p orch roofs were clad in corru gated fib erglass, cre-
m ost of th e stru ctu re an d en closu re system s as “ off-th e-
atin g a ligh tn ess of stru ctu re th at com p lem en ted th e
sh elf” in d u strial assem b lies.
solid sid ewalls. Th rou gh ou t th e p roject, we looked to
5
R I GH T: P OI N T R OB ER T S B OR D ER ST AT I ON
6
create an ap p rop riate im age for th is b u ild in g th at wou ld
form . Togeth er we looked for a rep resen tative exp ression
hold som e kind of connection with the process of rehabil-
of th e vitality of con tem p orary Am erican cu ltu re. From
itation . From ou r collective in tu ition , th e p roject evolved
th is in q u iry em erged a b u ild in g with a soarin g can op y
in to a covered b rid ge con n ectin g th e resid en ts b ack to
an ch ored b y a sem i-solid m ass. Th e facility p rojected
th eir everyd ay lives. Th is p roject was sem in al for u s as it
b oth vitality an d stren gth wh ile also su ggestin g its fu n c-
gave us confidence to take risks with institutional clients,
tion as a b rid ge-like gateway b etween cou n tries. in ten se
an attitu d e wh ich h as carried forward th rou gh th e life of
collab oration with th e own er h elp ed u s to learn to articu -
th e firm .
late ou r p rocess. It h as h elp ed u s su b stan tiate ou r id eas an d valid ate th e risks we take as we h ave grown , an d as
On th e recen tly com p leted Poin t Rob erts B ord er Facility,
we are tacklin g larger an d m ore com p lex com m ission s.
th e p rocess of d esign was rad ically d ifferen t. Th e ch allen ge was d au n tin g. We n eed ed to create a d esign th at
In ou r m in d s arch itectu re im p lies a con stan t red iscovery
wou ld rep resen t ou r Cou n try on its n ation al b ord er, fu l-
of d yn am ic h u m an q u alities tran slated in to form an d
fill th e com p lex p rogram req u irem en ts of two u ser agen -
sp ace. Ou r ap p roach to th ese tran slation s is from th e
cies an d m eet th e exp ectation s of a yet u n tested “ Design
m od ern trad ition . We are search in g for a ration ality
Excellen ce” Program recen tly in itiated b y th e Gen eral
d erived from clear stru ctu ral form s an d efficien t system s
Services Ad m in istration , U .S. Dep artm en t of th e In terior.
of b u ild in g. At th e sam e tim e we h ave tried to in ven t an
In this process, our interest in the rhetoric of the practical
aesth etic p articu lar to th e firm th at is rooted in ou r region
was n ot en ou gh . Form was n ot th e in evitab le con clu sion
an d th at exh ib its a clarity of in ten t. We strive to m ake a
of program m atic dictates. Instead the client engaged us in
sign ifican t con trib u tion to a rich er m od ern ism .
critical an d im agin ative exp loration s in to th e p oten tial of
L E F T: O L Y M P I C C O L L E G E , S H E L T O N , W A S H I N G T O N , 1 9 9 5
U N C O N V E N T IO N A L W IS D O M
The M i l l e r / Hul l Pa r t ne rshi p
As d i st an t c or n er s of t h e w or l d r esem b l e Seat t l e m or e eac h d ay — w i t h a M i c r osof t p r ogr am on ever y PC an d a c u p of St ar b u c k s c of f ee on ever y d esk — Seat t l i t es c on ver sel y f r et t h at t h e Pac i f i c N or t h w est l ook s m or e an d m or e l i k e t h e r est of t h e w or l d . Th i s xen op h ob i c vi ew i s d u e t o a sp ec t ac u l ar n at u r al set t i n g t h at f ost er s an u n sh ak ab l e f ai t h i n t h e r egi on ’s u n i q u en ess. Th an k s t o a d ec ad e- l on g i n f u si on of c ash f r om l oc al l y h ead q u ar t er ed gi an t s of gl ob al i zat i on ( Tel ed esi c , B oei n g, an d Am azon . c om , am on g ot h er s) t h er e i s t h e m ean s t o asser t ar c h i t ec t u r al l y t h i s p r i d e of p l ac e. Tw o of Seat t l e’s m ost p r om i n en t c i t i zen s ( an d t w o of t h e r i c h est m en i n t h e w or l d ) , M i c r osof t c o- f ou n d er s B i l l Gat es an d Pau l Al l en , t ook r em ar k ab l y d i f f er en t t r ac k s i n r eal i zi n g t h ei r ow n p er son al ver si on s of t h e Pac i f i c N or t h w est . Gat es’s sh el t er f r om t h e vi r t u al wor l d i s a h eavy- t i m b er l od ge on t h e su b u r b an sh or es of Lak e Wash i n gt on wh i l e Al l en b an k r ol l ed a Fr an k O. Geh r y–d esi gn ed r oc k - an d - r ol l m u seu m d ow n t ow n .
9
M A R Q U A N D R E T R E AT, N A C H E S R I V E R VA L L E Y, WA S H I N GT ON , 1 9 9 2
10
Th e M i l l er / H u l l Par t n er sh i p t ak es a d i f f er en t r ou t e. I n st ead of t h e w el l exec u t ed b u t l i t er al p ast i c h e of t h e f i r st p r oj ec t or t h e over- t h e- t op ar t i st i c vi si on of t h e sec on d , t h e f i r m of f er s a m od er n i st aest h et i c t h at i s ac c essi b l e t o t h e l ar ger w or l d . M i l l er / H u l l ’s r ef u sal t o en gage i n t h e ei t h er- or, al l - or- n ot h i n g d eb at es of t h e ar c h i t ec t u r al el i t e i s on e of t h e ar c h i t ec t s’ gr eat est st r en gt h s. Th ey w al k a t i gh t r op e t o ad d a c i vi l p r esen c e t o a l an d sc ap e t h at h as a d i st i n c t c h ar ac t er an d n at i ve ar c h i t ec t u r e w i t h ou t b ei n g st r ai gh t j ac k et ed b y ei t h er. Th e k ey l i es i n D avi d M i l l er ’s an d R ob er t H u l l ’s c om m i t m en t t o m od er n i sm , b u t i t i s a r egi on al d er i vat i on f u el ed b y t h e sp ec i f i c i t y of p l ac e. Th ey r esp on d t o t h e Pac i f i c N or t h w est ’s m i l d m ar i t i m e c l i m at e, p ear l gr ay sk y, an d w ood ed w i l d er n ess w i t h a t r an sp ar en c y t h at i s t h e c r u x of t h ei r w or k . Th ey vi ew t h e r egi on ’s m od est u t i l i t ar i an st r u c t u r es — t h e l u m b er m i l l s, f i sh n et d r yi n g sh ed s, an d f or est f i r e w at c h t ow er s — w i t h a m od er n i st ’s l ove of st r u c t u r al c l ar i t y, t au t sk i n s, an d i n d u st r i al m at er i al s. M i l l er / H u l l ’s st at ed t h eor et i c al
i n t en t i on of c on t i n u i n g t h e evol u t i on of m od er n i sm
an d R ay Eam es’ Case St u d y h ou se on su b u r b an
h as i t s r oot s i n t h e d esi gn s of Pi et r o B el l u sc h i an d
M er c er I sl an d . Wh i l e M i l l er / H u l l i s k n ow n i n t er n a-
Joh n Yeon i n Or egon d u r i n g t h e l at e 1 9 3 0 s an d
t i on al l y f or t h ei r h ou ses t h r ou gh
1 9 4 0 s. Wor k i n g i n d ep en d en t l y, t h ese t w o ear l i er
H au ser an d Vi l l e Gi ar d i n i , i t i s t h e f i r m ’s p u b l i c
p u b l i c at i on
in
m od er n i st s d evel op ed a N or t h w est Con t em p or ar y
w or k t h at m ak es t h e b i ggest i m p ac t . B y r ed ef i n i n g a
st yl e, c h ar ac t er i zed b y c l ose i n t egr at i on w i t h t h e
n on - exi st en t N or t h w est u r b an i sm i n t h e ast u t e si t -
l an d sc ap e, p ost - an d - b eam
c on st r u c t i on , an d t h e
i n g of gover n m en t , i n st i t u t i on al , an d c om m u n i t y
u se of n at u r al n at i ve w ood s. Th e ec on om i c b oom
p r oj ec t s, M i l l er / H u l l asser t s a n ew c i vi c p r esen c e i n
f ol l ow i n g Wor l d War I I u sh er ed i n a gol d en age of
am or p h ou s t ow n c en t er s an d on t h e sc r aggl y ed ges
m od er n r esi d en t i al d esi gn i n t h e r egi on . Seat t l e
of su b u r b i a. B y t et h er i n g d esi gn t o l ar ger u r b an ,
ar c h i t ec t s Pau l Th i r y, Pau l H ayd en Ki r k , an d Vi c t or
soc i al , an d en vi r on m en t al c on c er n s — val u es t h at
St ei n b r u ec k w er e am on g a f i r st gen er at i on of m od -
t r ac e b ac k t o M i l l er ’s an d H u l l ’s st i n t s i n t h e Peac e
er n i st s i n t h e r egi on t o r ef i n e a d esi gn l an gu age
Cor p s — r at h er t h an su r r en d er i n g t o sel f - exp r essi on -
em p h asi zi n g r eveal ed st r u c t u r e, n at u r al m at er i al s,
ist ic u r ges, M iller / H u ll gar n er s a c u r r en c y wit h c lien t s
an d gl ass exp an ses i n h ou ses ar ou n d Pu get Sou n d .
t h at b u ys t h em t h e f r eed om t o st r et c h t h e en vel op e.
M i l l er / H u l l h as c on t i n u ed t h i s t r ad i t i on of i n n ova-
F R OM B R A S Í L I A T O B A N GL A D E S H
t i ve r esi d en t i al d esi gn i n f or t y h ou ses over t w en t y
I f t h er e i s on e exp er i en c e t h at al t er ed b ot h M i l l er ’s
year s — r an gi n g f r om a c on c r et e- b l oc k r et r eat i n t h e
an d H u l l ’s l i ves an d l ai d t h e f ou n d at i on f or t h ei r
Casc ad e f oot h i l l s t h at r ec al l s Th or eau ’s Wal d en
f u t u r e w or k i t w as t h e Peac e Cor p s. B ot h j oi n ed
Pon d c ab i n t o a c on t em p or ar y ver si on of Ch ar l es
af t er gr ad u at i n g i n 1 9 6 8 f r om Wash i n gt on St at e
11
12
U n i ver si t y, w h er e t h ey h ad m et i n ar c h i t ec t u r e st u -
i t s you n g i n n ovat or s. I t i s si gn i f i c an t t h at M i l l er an d
d i o. Assi gn ed t o d i f f er en t c on t i n en t s — M i l l er b u i l t
H u l l m et agai n i n B r i t i sh Col u m b i a, b ec au se of t h e
h ou ses i n a sat el l i t e c i t y of B r asíl i a an d H u l l w en t t o
r egi on ’s r ol e as an i n c u b at or of m od er n i sm f or t h e
Af gh an i st an t o c on st r u c t m u d b r i c k sc h ool s — t h ey
r est
sh ar p en ed t h ei r soc i al c on sc i ou sn ess w h i l e l ear n i n g
Er i k s o n ’ s
t h e l esson s of b u i l d i n g sm al l an d ef f i c i en t l y. Th ey
Com p l ex, on e of t h e m ost i n f l u en t i al Can ad i an p r oj -
b ot h m ad e ar c h i t ec t u r al p i l gr i m ages: M i l l er t ou r ed
ec t s at t h e t i m e. ( You st i l l h ave t o l ook n or t h t od ay
Osc ar N i em eyer an d R ob er t o B u r l e M ar x’s r ec en t
t o see M i l l er / H u l l ’s c on t em p or ar i es i n t h e r egi on :
p r oj ec t s i n Sou t h Am er i c a, w h i l e H u l l vi si t ed Lou i s
Pet er Car d ew, Pat r i c i a an d Joh n Pat k au , an d Pet er
Kah n ’s Sh er- E- B an gl a- N agar c ap i t ol c om p l ex u n d er
B u sb y. ) I t c h i n g t o st ar t t h ei r ow n f i r m t h ey j u m p ed
c on st r u c t i on i n B an gl ad esh ; t h ey b ot h saw m od -
at
er n i sm u n d er t h e i n f l u en c e of r egi on al i sm .
Va n c o u v e r- b a s e d
of
the
the
c o u n t r y.
of f i c e
c h an c e
on
to
M i l l er the
Va n c o u v e r
op en
Rh on e
wor k ed
a &
b r an c h I r ed al e
in
Arth u r
Co u r t h o u s e
of f i c e in
f or
Se a t t l e .
B ac k ed b y t h e f i r m ’s su b st an t i al p or t f ol i o i n p u b l i c N or t h west er n
n at i ves,
t h ey
al ways
p l an n ed
to
b u i l d i n gs t h ey i m m ed i at el y l an d ed
i n st i t u t i on al
r et u r n , b u t w h en t h ey d i d i n t h e m i d - 1 9 7 0 s i t w as t o
p r oj ec t s. Wh en R h on e & I r ed al e d i ssol ved i n 1 9 7 7 ,
Van c ou ver, B r i t i sh Col u m b i a, w h i c h w as b oom i n g,
t h e t w o f or m ed t h e M i l l er / H u l l Par t n er sh i p .
wh i l e Seat t l e’s ec on om y was f l at . Geogr ap h i c al l y, t h e c i t i es ar e c l ose — on l y 1 0 0 m i l es ap ar t — b u t i n ot h er
A t h u m b n ai l p syc h oan al ysi s of t h e p ai r su ggest s
ways so f ar. Van c ou ver i s l ar ger, m or e c osm op ol i t an ,
t h at M i l l er i s t h e l ef t - b r ai n r at i on al on e an d H u l l t h e
an d , as t h e “ su n c oast ” of Can ad a, a d est i n at i on f or
r i gh t - b r ai n i n t u i t i ve on e. B u t i t i s n ot al w ays easy t o
P O I N T R O B E R T S B O R D E R S T AT I O N , P O I N T R O B E R T S , WA S H I N GT ON , 1 9 9 7
t ease t h ei r ap p r oac h
wor k
ap ar t .
Th ey c u l t i vat e a t eam
t h a t a l l o w s va r i a t i o n s i n
r e sp o n se t o
b u i l d i n g t yp e an d si t es w h i l e m ai n t ai n i n g a c on si st en c y of ar c h i t ec t u r al exp r essi on . To en su r e t h e f i r m ’s c on t i n u at i on af t er t h ei r even t u al r et i r em en t , t w o you n ger ar c h i t ec t s N or m an St r on g an d Cr ai g Cu r t i s ( al so Wash i n gt on St at e U n i ver si t y gr ad u at es) b ec am e p ar t n er s i n 1 9 8 5 an d 1 9 9 4 r esp ec t i vel y. Over t i m e t h e f i r m gr ew t o t h e c u r r en t st af f of t h i r t yf i ve — t h e si ze t h ey w i sh t o r em ai n so t h at t h e f ou r p ar t n er s c an st ay ac t i ve i n ever y p r oj ec t . Th e of f i c e is in a c r eak y m ar it im e lof t b u ild in g on Seat t le’s wat erf r on t . Passen ger f er r i es t o ou t l yi n g i sl an d s ar e vi si b l e c om i n g an d goi n g ou t si d e t h e l ar ge i n d u st r i al sash . On e of t h e f i r m ’s f i r st c om m i ssi on s, a 1 9 7 9 ac t i vi t y c en t er f or Ki n g Cou n t y’s al c oh ol t r eat m en t f ac i l i t y d i sp l ays t h e r eveal ed st r u c t u r e, gr ap h i c q u al i t y, an d sp ar sen ess t h at m ar k t h ei r l at er w or k . Th e c en t er i s a l on g n ar r ow st r u c t u r e on sh or t p i er s ab ove a
13
B A I N B R I D GE I S L A N D CI T Y H A L L , B A I N B R I D GE I S L A N D , WA S H I N GT ON , 2 0 0 0
14
w at er l ogged si t e, w i t h a sm al l ser vi c e c or e t h at
en er gy- ef f i c i en t h eat - exc h an ge syst em f or t h e l ab o-
d i vi d es i t i n t o t w o op en sp ac es. Wi t h i n t h e c on f i n es
r at or i es. To t ak e ad van t age of t h e Lak e Wash i n gt on
of a t i gh t b u d get , M i l l er / H u l l c r eat i vel y m an i p u l at -
Sh i p Can al l oc at i on , M i l l er / H u l l u r ged t h e Ar m y
ed
t ec h n i q u es
Cor p s of En gi n eer s t o al l ow t h e ext en si on of t h e
su c h as exp osi n g p r ef ab r i c at ed w ood t r u sses f or a
b u i l d i n g’s c on c r et e f r am e ou t over t h e w at er, f ac i l i -
l ow - t ec h l ook . At b ot h en d s of t h e b u i l d i n g, w ood
t at i n g t h e n at u r al ven t i l at i on of t h e of f i c es.
st an d ar d
r esi d en t i al c on st r u c t i on
st r u t s an gl e u p f r om t h e c en t er of t h e p or c h es t o m i r r or t h e V- sh ap e of t h e t r u ss. Th i s su p er gr ap h i c
Far t h er u p t h e sh i p c an al si t s a b r eak t h r ou gh p r oj -
gi ves t h e p r oj ec t a p r esen c e b el yi n g i t s m od est si ze.
ec t f or M i l l er / H u l l , w h i c h b r i n gs t oget h er t h e st r u c t u r al exp r essi ven ess, l ow - t ec h sen si b i l i t y, an d l ay-
M i l l e r / H u l l ’s c o m m i t m e n t t o s u s t a i n a b l e d e s i g n
er ed t r an sp ar en c y t h at ar e t h e h al l m ar k s of t h ei r of
b egan ear l y. D u r i n g t h e ear l y 1 9 8 0 s t h ey d esi gn ed
w or k . Th i s c l assr oom f or Seat t l e Cen t r al Com m u n i t y
sever al
the
Col l ege’s m ar i n e- t ec h n ol ogy p r ogr am , c om p l et ed i n
Ki m m i c k r esi d en c e i n Cl e El u m , Wash i n gt on . Th e
ear t h - sh el t er ed
h ou ses,
including
1 9 8 7 , si t s b en eat h t h e B al l ar d B r i d ge. Su r r ou n d ed
d esi gn su r gi c al l y c u t s ac r oss a st eep h i l l si d e w i t h a
b y d r y d oc k s, c om m er c i al f i sh i n g f l eet s, an d m ar i n e
d i agon al ar r ay of r oom s d i sp l ayi n g a r i gor u n u su al
m an u f ac t u r i n g, i t d r aw s on t h e w at er f r on t ’s i n d u s-
f or t h e gen r e. Th ey b r ou gh t t h ei r i n t er est s i n en er -
t r i al vi t al i t y wi t h ou t l ap si n g i n t o n ost al gi a f or t h e p ast .
gy an d r esou r c e c on ser vat i on t o b ear f or t h e f i r st
Th e d esi gn i s a si m p l e b ox t h at ap p r op r i at es t h e
t i m e on i n st i t u t i on al w or k w i t h a w at er- q u al i t y t est -
st r u c t u r e f or i t s ar t i c u l at i on . H er e t h e l i gh t st eel
i n g l ab i n Seat t l e i n 1 9 8 6 . A t h r ee- st or y m ec h an i c al
f r am ew or k ac t s as a m i n i m al b i l l b oar d est ab l i sh i n g
c or e t h r ou gh t h e c en t er of t h e b u i l d i n g h ou ses an
a p r esen c e f or t h e sc h ool w i t h i n t h e w at er f r on t
M A R I N E T E C H N O L O G Y F A C I L I T Y, S E AT T L E C E N T R A L C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E , S E AT T L E , W A S H I N G T O N 1 9 8 7
c om m u n i t y. A l ar ge sh ed r oof st ar t s l ow on t h e l an d -
si ven ess, an d exagger at ed gr ap h i c sen si b i l i t y — ar e
si d e of t h e b u i l d i n g an d r i ses u p t w o st or i es h i gh
exh i b i t ed h er e at a sm al l er sc al e i n a n at u r al set -
t ow ar d t h e w at er. Th e p al et t e of i n exp en si ve, l ow -
t i n g. D ec at u r, t h e m ost i sol at ed of t h e San Ju an
t ec h m at er i al s c h an ges f r om sol i d c on c r et e b l oc k
I sl an d c h ai n , i s on l y r eac h ab l e b y p r i vat e p assen -
an d c or r u gat ed m et al si d i n g on t h e n or t h t o l ayer s
ger- on l y f er r y or b y sm al l p l an e. As p l an n ed i n t h e
of st eel p i p e c ol u m n s, st eel t i e r od s, an d a h or i zon -
ear l y 1 9 7 0 s, a c i r c l e seven t y- f i ve or on e- h u n d r ed
t al w ood su n sc r een on t h e sou t h . Gl azed gar age
f eet i n d i am et er c i r c u m sc r i b es eac h r esi d en t i al si t e
d oor s r ol l u p , op en i n g t h e c l assr oom s t o t h e ac t i ve
i n t h e 4 8 5 - ac r e d evel op m en t , w i t h t h e r em ai n i n g
w at er f r on t . Sol i d of f i c e m od u l es p u n c t u at e t h e si x-
r ol l i n g f or est ed sl op es an d r oc k y b eac h es h el d i n
b ay f ac ad e, p op p i n g ou t i n t o t h e d ou b l e- h ei gh t
t r u st . Th er e ar e n o p r i vat e c ar s i n t h e d evel op m en t
op en - ai r c i r c u l at i on d ec k . Seat t l e Cen t r al est ab l i sh -
an d n o st or es; so p r ovi si on s an d b u i l d i n g m at er i al s
es t h e t en si on
ar e sh i p p ed i n b y b ar ge.
b et ween
vol u m e an d
st r u c t u r al
f r am e, b et w een en c l osu r e an d op en n ess, b et w een t h e ver n ac u l ar an d t h e m od er n t h at en er gi zes t h e
Th e i n ver t ed r oof of t h e f i r m ’s f i r st d esi gn f or t h e
f i r m ’s w or k .
i sl an d , t h e 1 9 8 7 Gor t on / B ou n d s c ab i n , m i r r or s a m ossy b ow l on a h i l l si d e over l ook i n g t h e w at er.
R E T R E AT I N T O N AT U R E
Fr om a f l at ar ea over t h e en t r y on t h e east si d e of
A ser i es of sm al l c ab i n s on D ec at u r I sl an d p r ovi d es
t h e h ou se, t h e r oof sl op es u p an d ou t i n t h r ee
an ac c u r at e b ar om et er of t h e f i r m ’s d evel op m en t .
d i r ec t i on s, p r oj ec t i n g t h e m ai n l i vi n g ar ea t ow ar d
M an y of t h e i d eas t h at m ak e M i l l er / H u l l ’s p u b l i c
t h e p an or am i c vi ew of t h e Can ad i an c oast l i n e t h i r t y
w or k exp r essi ve — t h e sp ar e f or m , st r u c t u r al exp r es-
m i l es aw ay. Th e p er i m et er of t h e c om p ac t 6 0 0 -
15
R OD D Y/ B A L E H OU S E , B E L L E VU E , WA S H I N GT ON , 1 9 8 7
16
sq u ar e- f oot c u b e i s a f r am ew or k of d ou b l e- h ei gh t h eavy- t i m b er c ol u m n s an d c r oss b r ac i n g w i t h t w ost or y t al l w i n d ow s set f i ve f eet i n si d e t h e st r u c t u r e. Th e st r i c t geom et r y of t h e st r u c t u r e p ac k s a gr ap h i c p u n c h , gi vi n g t h e c ab i n a vi su al i m p ac t t h at b el i es i t s d i m i n u t i ven ess. Gor t on / B ou n d s d em on st r at es t h e ar c h i t ec t s’ r esou r c ef u l n ess w i t h t i gh t b u d get s an d of f - t h e- sh el f m at er i al s t o l i n k i n si d e an d ou t . Th e over si zed w i n d ow w al l s ar e gl azed w ood en gar age d oor p an el s st ood on en d w i t h j oi n t s seal ed an d c over ed b y w ood b at t en s w i t h h i n ges at op er ab l e en d p an el s. I n a n ar r ow c or e c on t ai n i n g t h e k i t c h en , b at h r oom , an d sl eep i n g ar eas, a h or i zon t al b an d of r i b b on w i n d ow s r u n s t h e l en gt h of t h e en t r y f ac ad e, t yi n g t oget h er a ser i es of st an d ar d w ood - f r am e w i n d ow s. Th ree years later th e N ovotn y Cab in , b u ilt n earb y on th e islan d , m ark s a c h an ge from au sterity to an im ation . As w i t h Gor t on / B ou n d s i t d er i ves i t s vi su al i m p ac t
d i r ec t l y f r om t h e st r u c t u r e, b u t wh er e t h e f i r st r esem -
r esu l t an t j u n c t u r e i s an ou t d oor en t r y sp ac e c ov-
b l es an en gi n eer ’s l oad i n g d i agr am , N ovot n y r ec al l s
er ed b y a gl azed r oof an d f ac ed w i t h a l ar ge gl azed
t h e r ai sed f l ap s of f or est ser vi c e f i r e w at c h t ow er s.
b ar n d oor al on g t h e n or t h , w h i c h c an c l ose f or w i n d
Per c h ed on a c l i f f , a sh or t b r i d ge c on n ec t s th e h ill-
p r ot ec t i on . I n t h i s w ay, t h e h ou se op en s t o t h e l an d -
sid e to th e m ain livin g sp ac e on th e u p p er level. Gl ass
sc ap e c r eat i n g a geom et r y t h at ad d s i n t er est t o t h e
w r ap s al l f ou r si d es of t h e si n gl e op en r oom , w h i c h
si m p l e vol u m es.
gi ves on e a st r on g i m p r essi on of st i l l b ei n g ou t si d e. I t s gab l e r oof , c om p ac t vol u m e, an d
over d r aw n
Th e i sl an d c ab i n s p ose a c on f l i c t i n g d esi r e: t o en j oy
w ood t r i m ar ou n d t h e w i n d ow s l en d t h e c ab i n t h e
a p r i vat e p i ec e of t h e Pac i f i c N or t h w est , w i t h ou t
i c on i c q u al i t y of a c h i l d ’s d r aw i n g of a h ou se.
p avi n g over t h e w i l d er n ess t h at i s t h e at t r ac t i on i n t h e f i r st p l ac e. Th e 1 9 9 2 M ar q u an d r et r eat c om es
A t h i r d p r oj ec t b u i l t i n 1 9 9 4 on D ec at u r i s t h e m ost
c l osest t o r esol vi n g t h i s d i l em m a — d u e t o a c l i en t
w i d el y p u b l i sh ed M i l l er / H u l l p r oj ec t , d u e p er h ap s
t h at d i d n ot f eel t h e n eed t o eq u i p h i s vac at i on
t o a c h ar i sm at i c m i x of t h e ver n ac u l ar an d t h e m od -
h ou se w i t h al l t h e l u xu r i es of m od er n l i f e. I n st ead
er n . I t i s l ar ger t h an t h e p r evi ou s c ab i n s, f or c i n g a
t h i s 4 5 0 - sq u ar e- f oot p r i m i t i ve h u t i s of f t h e p ow er
c h an ge
into
gr i d : Ker osen e l an t er n s p r ovi d e l i gh t , a w ood st ove
M i l l er / H u l l ’s l at er p u b l i c w or k . Th e w eek en d get -
h eat , an d a p i c n i c c ool er ser ves as t h e w eek en d
aw ay c om p r i ses t w o vol u m es set at a f or t y- f i ve-
r ef r i ger at or. A t r u c k h au l s w at er t o t h e r em ot e si t e
d egr ee an gl e t o eac h ot h er, sep ar at i n g t h e gu est
i n t h e Casc ad e f oot h i l l s an d st or es i t i n a t ow er over
q u ar t er s an d an of f i c e f r om t h e m ai n h ou se. I n t h e
a gr avi t y- f ed sh ow er an d t oi l et . Th e sp ar e d esi gn
in
si t i n g
st r at egy
t h at
t r an sl at es
17
18
r ec al l s t h e ec on om y of m ean s l ear n ed i n t h e Peac e
AT H OM E I N S U B U R B I A
Cor p s, b u t i t s sc al e i m p ar t s a m on u m en t al i t y b ef i t -
Syl van r et r eat s ar e p ar t of t h e r egi on ’s m yt h ol ogy,
t i n g t h e r aw b eau t y of t h e l an d sc ap e.
b u t w eek d ay su b u r b an r eal i t y r esem b l es t h at of an y ot h er sp r aw l i n g m et r op ol i t an ar ea. On e d i f f er en c e i s
Pr ac t i c al c on si d er at i on s w er e k ey i n sel ec t i n g t h e
a st r on ger t r ad i t i on of i n n ovat i ve r esi d en t i al d esi gn .
r et r eat ’s i n d u st r i al m at er i al s, si n c e i t si t s i n an ar ea
Th e en t h u si ast i c em b r ac e of m od er n ar c h i t ec t u r e
p r on e t o w i l d f i r es an d i n t r u d er s. Th e ext er i or w al l s
b y t h e Pac i f i c N or t h w est ’s you n g m i d d l e- i n c om e
ar e c on c r et e b l oc k , an d m et al sh u t t er s l oc k d ow n
f am i l i es w as so n ot ab l e t h at Ar c h i t ec t u r al Rec or d
over eac h op en i n g. A r ol l - d ow n st eel d oor p r ot ec t s a
d evot ed t h e Oc t ob er 1 9 5 3 i ssu e t o m od er n h ou ses
t en - f oot sq u ar e op en i n g i n t h e c en t er of t h e sou t h
i n Wash i n gt on an d Or egon . Wh i l e st ayi n g t h e p ost -
f ac ad e. Cl er est or y w i n d ow s b et w een t h e t w o over -
w ar c ou r se, M i l l er / H u l l ’s h ou ses t r an sl at e t od ay’s
l ap p i n g p l an es of t h e r oof al l ow su n l i gh t t o p en e-
m i x of w or k an d f am i l y i n t o f l exi b l e an d f or gi vi n g
t r at e i n t o t h e t w o- r oom i n t er i or. On e of t h e c or r u -
sp ac es t ol er an t of t h e m essi n ess of ever yd ay l i f e.
gat ed m et al p l an es f l oat s over t h e h ou se en gagi n g t h e t ow er on t h e n or t h an d t h en p r oj ec t i n g ou t t o
R esi d en t i al c l i en t s w h o c om e t o M i l l er / H u l l l ook i n g
c over a p or c h on t h e sou t h . A si n gl e of f - c en t er c ol -
f or a “ N or t h w est ” d esi gn ar e f l exi b l e as t o w h at t h at
u m n h ol d s u p a c an t i l ever ed - ed ge b eam an d f r am es
m ean s. I t i s l ess ab ou t m at er i al s — gl ass, st eel , an d
a vi ew of t h e su r r ou n d i n g b asal t c l i f f s.
c on c r et e ar e as p al at ab l e as w ood — t h an t h e w ay t h e h ou se em b r ac es t h e l an d sc ap e. Th e Rod d y / B al e
A R T S T U D I O S , E V E R G R E E N S T AT E C O L L E G E , OLYM P I A , WA S H I N GT ON , 1 9 9 0
r esi d en c e i n B el l evu e, Wash i n gt on , b u i l t i n 1 9 9 8 , exem p l i f i es t h i s t r ai t . Th e h ou se si t s of f a c ou n t r y l an e, on t h e sh or es of a sm al l l ak e b u t on l y t en m i n u t es
f r om
M i c r osof t ’s
Red m on d
c am p u s.
M i l l er / H u l l ’s d esi gn d em on st r at es a k een u n d er st an d i n g of t h e si t e’s h ot p oi n t s. Th e h ou se i s a sl en d er b ar t h at st r ad d l es t h e l on g st r i p of l an d an d d i vi d es i t i n t o t w o d i st i n c t ou t d oor r oom s. Th e n or t h si d e f eat u r es a t r an q u i l p r ogr essi on f r om t h e st r eet t h r ou gh t h e w ood s an d ac r oss a w i d e l aw n t o t h e h ou se; t h e b ac k yar d op en s t o t h e l ak e. A n ot c h c ar ved u n d er n eat h t h e u p p er f l oor of t h e h ou se al l ow s a d i r ec t c on n ec t i on b et w een t h e f r on t an d b ac k yar d s. Gl ass an d al u m i n u m i n d u st r i al gar age d oor s en c l ose t h i s ou t d oor r oom an d sl i d e op en t o sh i f t t h e d esi gn ’s t r an sp ar en c y f r om t h e vi su al i n t o t h e p h ysi c al r eal m . Th e m et al si d i n g, w h i c h var i es i n c ol or f r om an ol i ve gr een t o a t aw n y r ose d ep en d i n g on t h e b r i gh t n ess of t h e sk y, u n d er sc or es t h i s ep h em er al q u al i t y.
19
M I CH A E L S / S I S S ON R E S I D E N CE , M E R CE R I S L A N D , WA S H I N GT ON , 1 9 9 8
20
Th e M i c h ael s / Si sson h ou se, b u i l t i n 1 9 9 8 on su b u r -
E XU R B I A’ S CI VI C FA CE
b an
Th e r egi on ’s t r ad i t i on
M er c er I sl an d , f l oat s p l an es of c or r u gat ed
of
i n n ovat i ve r esi d en t i al
m et al si d i n g an d gl ass on a st r u c t u r al st eel gr i d . A
d esi gn d oes n ot al w ays t r an sl at e i n t o t h e p u b l i c
ver t i c al r i b b on of gl ass sp l i c es t h e f r on t f ac ad e an d
sp h er e. Gover n m en t , i n st i t u t i on al , or c om m er c i al
p en et r at es t h e t w o- st or y l i vi n g sp ac e t o a gl azed
b u i l d i n gs t en d
gar age d oor t h at op en s on t o a d ec k ou t i n t o a w ood -
p u m p ed - u p sc al e of a N or t h w est St yl e h ou se or t h e
ed r avi n e. I n si d e, t h e d esi gn i s c om p ac t yet op en
b l an d c or p or at e aest h et i c . Avoi d i n g t h ese p i t f al l s,
w i t h d yn am i c al l y i n t er l oc k i n g i n t er i or sp ac es w i t h
M i l l er / H u l l c r eat es a c i vi c st yl e t i ed t o t h e sp ec i -
l ar ge p an el s t h at sl i d e t o op en r oom s i n var yi n g
f i c i t i es of p l ac e w h i l e d r aw i n g on t h e m od er n p r i n -
c om b i n at i on s. Su sp en d ed b et w een t h e c h i l d r en ’s
c i p l es t h at m ak e t h ei r h ou ses u n i q u e. I n c on t r ast t o
p l ayr oom b el ow an d t h e m ai n l i vi n g ar ea ab ove i s
t r ad i t i on al i n st i t u t i on al b u i l d i n gs t h at r el y on sym -
an of f i c e b u i l t i n t o a w i d en i n g i n t h e st ai r. Wh i l e
m et r y an d sol i d i t y t o c on vey gr avi t y an d l on gevi t y,
m i n i n g t h e exp r essi ve p ot en t i al of i n d u st r i al m at er i -
M i l l er / H u l l r ed ef i n es c i vi c ar c h i t ec t u r e w i t h t h i n
al s an d r eveal ed st r u c t u r e, t h e d esi gn b al an c es t h e
p l an es, geom et r i c vol u m es, an d f l oat i n g su r f ac es.
t o f al l i n t o t wo c at egor i es: t h e
c ool n ess of exp osed st eel an d c on c r et e b l oc k w i t h t h e w ar m t h of t h e gl u e- l am i n at ed t i m b er s an d w ood
An exc ep t i on al exam p l e i s t h e f i r m ’s 1 9 9 5 c l ass-
p an el f l oor s. Toget h er t h e t w o h ou ses f or m a st u d y
r oom b u i l d i n g f or t h e Ol ym p i c Col l ege i n Sh el t on ,
i n t h e var i at i on s p ossi b l e w i t h i n a b u i l d i n g t yp e,
Wash i n gt on — w i n n er of a 1 9 9 8 N at i on al Am er i c an
an d w i t h l i m i t ed b u d get an d m at er i al p al et t e.
I n st i t u t e of Ar c h i t ec t s ( AI A) H on or Aw ar d . H er e
OLYM P I C COL L E GE , S H E LT ON WA S H I N GT ON , 1 9 9 5
M i l l er / H u l l r et u r n s t o t h e an i m at ed sh ed t h ey f i r st
an d t h e p r i n c i p l e of d oi n g m or e w i t h l ess. Th ey
u se d
a t t h e Se a t t l e Ce n t r a l M a r i n e Te c h n o l o g y
ac h i eve t ext u r al var i et y an d d ep t h t h r ou gh i n n ova-
Cen t er i n 1 9 8 7 . A vast r oof h over s over c l assr oom s
t i ve yet st r ai gh t f or w ar d h an d l i n g of or d i n ar y m at er i -
r u n n i n g al on g t h e n or t h an d t h e c over ed op en - ai r
al s. At Ol ym p i c Col l ege, f i n e- gr ai n ed n at u r al w ood
w al k w ay c on n ec t i n g t h em al on g t h e sou t h . Fac u l t y
si d i n g i s j u xt ap osed agai n st m an u f ac t u r ed w ood
of f i c es p u n c t u r e t h e c l assr oom w al l , ar t i c u l at i n g
p an el s. Over si zed w ood b at t en s c over t h e ver t i c al
t h i s el evat i on an d p r ovi d i n g a m or e i n t i m at e sc al e.
j oi n t s b et w een p an el s ever y f ou r f eet an d h ave
Th e r oof , r i si n g over i t s 1 0 0 - f oot l en gt h , c u l m i n at es
exp osed f ast en er s t o c on t r ast r ou gh n ess w i t h f i n e-
i n a d r am at i c d ou b l e- h ei gh t p or c h h el d al of t b y a
n ess.
st eel b eam su p p or t ed on a “ V”
of sl en d er st eel
p i p es. I t i s a si m p l e yet i n n ovat i ve d et ai l t h at
Th e b r eak t h r ou gh f or M i l l er / H u l l at Ol ym p i c Col l ege
ap p ear s of f b al an c e; i t c ap t u r es t h e eye an d c r eat es
l i es i n i t s sat u r at ed c ol or s. B ef or e t h i s b u i l d i n g t h e
an i n d el i b l e i m age.
f i r m ’s p r oj ec t s w er e m on oc h r om at i c . At Ol ym p i c Col l ege t h e f i r m d r ew on t h e var i ed h u es of t h e
M i l l er / H u l l ’s em p h asi s i s on t h e exp r essi ve p ot en -
Pac i f i c N or t h w est — t h e b r i gh t p u c e gr een of you n g
t i al of or d i n ar y c on st r u c t i on r at h er t h an on h i gh -
f er n s, t h e r aw r ed of d ec om p osi n g c ed ar l ogs, t h e
c r af t b u t h i gh - c ost d et ai l s. Th i s i s i n p ar t d u e t o
t ar t yel l ow of l i c h en — an d ap p l i ed t h em w i t h a p op
b u d get s t h at w i l l n ot su p p or t over l y p r ec i ou s d et ai l -
ar t sen si b i l i t y i n l ar ge f i el d s. Ol ym p i c Col l ege’s
i n g, b u t al so t o M i l l er an d H u l l ’s Peac e Cor p s d ays
c ol or p al et t e, j u m b o t ext u r ed si d i n g, an d over si zed
21
G A R F I E L D C O M M U N I T Y C E N T E R , S E AT T L E , WA S H I N GT ON , 1 9 9 4
22
r oof c om b i n e t o gi ve t h e 8 , 0 0 0 - sq u ar e- f oot p r oj ec t a p h ysi c al p r esen c e w or t h y of i t s sym b ol i c r ol e i n t h e c om m u n i t y. B ef or e i t w as b u i l t , you n g p eop l e h ad t o l eave t h e st r u ggl i n g t i m b er- w or k i n g t ow n t o get a h i gh er ed u c at i on — of t en n ever t o r et u r n . Wh i l e Ol ym p i c Col l ege’s l i n ear p l an exem p l i f i es on e of t h e t w o d esi gn st r at egi es M i l l er / H u l l em p l oys t o or gan i ze p r oj ec t s, Gar f i el d Com m u n i t y Cen t er d em on st r at es t h e ot h er. At Gar f i el d t h e d esi gn d i vi d es t h e p r oj ec t i n t o t w o d i st i n c t vol u m es an d t h en p osi t i on s t h em on t h e sit e t o c r eat e ext er ior an d in t er ior sp ac es. Th e b u l k of t h e gym n asi u m si t s at a r i gh t an gl e t o t h e b ar c on t ai n i n g a r ow of sm al l c om m u n i t y m eet i n g r oom s w i t h t h e m ai n c i r c u l at i on r u n n i n g i n b et w een t h e t w o b l oc k s. B y b r eak i n g d ow n t h e m ass of t h e b u i l d i n g i n sep ar at e vol u m es an d w r ap p i n g the jum bo brick
i n t o t h e i n t er i or, t h e b u i l d i n g i s
op en an d i n vi t i n g, t r an sf or m i n g a h an gou t f or d r u g d eal er s i n t o a n ew n ei gh b or h ood c en t er.
On e d r aw b ac k t o t h e f i gu r e- f i el d ap p r oac h i s t h at
c en t er r ep r esen t s t h e f i r m ’s c om m i t m en t t o t h e
the
in
d esi gn of p r osai c i n f r ast r u c t u r e an d t h e w i l l i n gn ess
M i l l er / H u l l ’s w or k t h an t h e voi d s. Th e d esi gn s ar e
of t h e c l i en t , Ki n g Cou n t y, t o go b eyon d a b i g b ox —
d r i ven
Th e
as l on g as i t d oes n ot c ost m or e. M i l l er / H u l l ac c om -
st r on gest sp at i al q u al i t y i s t h e r el at i on sh i p b et w een
p l i sh ed t h i s b y su b t l y m an i p u l at i n g t h e vol u m es an d
t h e i n si d e an d
m at er i al s. N ar r ow an d
sol i d s
t en d
to
be
b y vol u m es r at h er
m or e t h an
p r om i n en t b y sp ac e.
ou t si d e. Li k e ear l y I n t er n at i on al
wid e rib
c or r u gat i on s of
St yl e m od er n i st s, M i l l er / H u l l f oc u ses on vol u m es
m et al si d i n g j u xt ap ose t o c r eat e t ext u r e an d vi su al
an d t h e w ay m at er i al s w r ap t h em or on a st r u c t u r al
i n t er est . Th e c r i sp l y c u t w i n d ow s an d ven t s t h at
f r am e en vel op ed b y a p r ot ec t i ve sc r een . Of t en t h ey
p u n c t u r e t h e m et al sk i n ar e f r am ed b y k n i f e- ed ged
l eave l ar ge su r f ac e ar eas u n b r ok en — w h et h er i t i s
m et al t r i m . Th e t r an sl u c en t p an el s t h at p op u p a
m et al
a
f ew i n c h es ab ove t h e r oof t o b r eak t h e c or n i c e l i n e
st r et c h ed , t au t ef f ec t , i m b u i n g p r oj ec t s w i t h c h ar -
si d i n g,
m a s o n r y,
or
wood — t o
gi ve
ar e on e of sever al si m p l e b u t sop h i st i c at ed gest u r es
ac t er i st i c l i gh t n ess an d t r an sp ar en c y.
t h at d i st i n gu i sh t h e p r agm at i c p r oj ec t .
H I GH P OI N T S I N A P R OS A I C L A N D S CA P E
An al u m i n u m f i l i gr ee of l oc al f l or a an d f au n a b y
M i l l er / H u l l c on si d er s al l b u i l d i n g t yp es t o b e w i t h i n
ar t i st D eb or ah M er sk y, w h i c h en c i r c l es t h e si x l ar ge
t h e p u r vi ew of t h e ar c h i t ec t . Th i s p h i l osop h y b r i n gs
p or t h ol es t o t h e r ec yc l i n g p i t , m ak es i t c l ear t h at
a n ew l evel of t h ou gh t f u l n ess an d c r eat i vi t y t o t h e
t h i s i s n o or d i n ar y d u m p si t e. Th i s ec o- c on sc i ou s
u t i l i t ar i an st r u c t u r es t h at ar e t h e b ac k d r op of c om -
c om m u n i t y’s u n u su al m i x of f ar m er s, ar t i st s, an d
m u n i t y l i f e. On n ear b y Vash on I sl an d , a r ec yc l i n g
f am i l i es soc i al i zes as i t sor t s n ew sp ap er s, gl ass,
23
24
an d
Vash on
Sc u p p er s an d d ow n sp ou t s em p h asi ze t h e f ac t t h at
I sl an d i s an u n u su al sym b ol of c i vi c p r i d e; i t i s t h e
p l ast i c s. T h ei r r ec yc l i n g c en t er on
r oof s ar e a m aj or sou r c e of st or m - w at er r u n of f i n
r esu l t of M i l l er / H u l l ’s sen si t i vi t y i n r ec ogn i zi n g t h e
u r b an ar eas. Th e b u i l d i n g’s r i ver f r on t f ac ad e h as a
ac t i vi t y an d c r eat i n g an ar c h i t ec t u r al p l ac e f or i t t o
syn c op at ed r h yt h m of op er ab l e w i n d ow s w i t h i n a
oc c u r.
gl ass c u r t ai n w al l p r ot ec t ed b y a b r i se- sol ei l of m et al gr at i n g. I n p l ac e of t h e i sol at i n g r ab b i t w ar r en
A
the
of m ost l ab or at or i es, sc i en t i st s p er f or m t est s i n a
Wi l l am et t e R i ver i n Por t l an d , Or egon , i s an ot h er
wat er
p ol l u t i on
c on t r ol
l ab or at or y
on
l of t - st yl e sp ac e w i t h d ayl i t c om m u n al ar eas t h at
exam p l e of a u t i l i t ar i an p r oj ec t w i t h a p u b l i c f ac e.
en c ou r age i n t er ac t i on s an d c r eat e a h u m an e w or k
At 4 0 , 0 0 0 sq u ar e f eet , i t i s a st ep u p i n sc al e f or
en vi r on m en t .
t h e f i r m . A w or k i n g d em on st r at i on of st or m - w at er t r eat m en t on t h e p ar k - si d e si t e i l l u st r at es t h e b u i l d -
N E W D I R E CT I ON S
i n g’s p u r p ose as a w at er- q u al i t y t est i n g f ac i l i t y.
At t h e t w en t y- year m ar k i n M i l l er / H u l l ’s p r ac t i c e,
Vi si t or s p eek i n t o t h e l ab or at or i es t h r ou gh w i n d ow s
t w o r ec en t p r oj ec t s c on vey t h e c u l m i n at i on of ear l i -
c u t i n a p u b l i c c or r i d or t h at ext en d s t h e l en gt h of
er i n vest i gat i on s w h i l e su ggest i n g n ew d i r ec t i on s.
t h e b u i l d i n g en d i n g i n a b r i d ge ou t over a f i l t r at i on
At f i r st gl an c e t h e sk el et al st eel st r u c t u r e of t h e
p on d . Th e over sc al ed r oof an d exp osed st eel st r u c -
Poi n t R ob er t s B or d er St at i on an d t h e vol u m es an d
t u r e — p ai n t ed gr ass gr een i n a gest u r e t o t h e St .
t au t sk i n of t h e B ai n b r i d ge I sl an d Ci t y H al l d o n ot
Joh n ’s su sp en si on b r i d ge t h at soar s over h ead — c r e-
ap p ear t o h ave m u c h i n c om m on ; b ot h of t h ese c ivic
at e an
p r ojec t s, h owever — on e f or t h e f ed er al gover n m en t ,
i n vi t i n g p r esen c e al on g t h e wat er f r on t .
W AT E R P O L L U T I O N C O N T R O L L A B O R AT O R Y, P O R T L A N D , OR E GON , 1 9 9 7
t h e ot h er m u n i c i p al — sh ar e an u n d er l yi n g p h ysi c al an d p h en om en ol ogi c al t r an sp ar en c y t h at l i n k s m od er n i sm t o an op en d em oc r at i c soc i et y. Poi n t R ob er t s, Wash i n gt on , i s a geogr ap h i c f l u k e. T h e f o u r- sq u a r e - m i l e a p p e n d i x o f l a n d
b ec am e
U n i t ed St at es t er r i t or y i n 1 8 4 6 w h en t h e Or egon Tr eat y d r ew t h e b or d er al on g t h e 4 9 t h p ar al l el , c u t t i n g of f t h e sou t h er n t i p of B r i t i sh Col u m b i a. Wh en i n c r easi n g t r af f i c r eq u i r ed a l ar ger f ac i l i t y, t h e U . S. Gen er al Ser vi c es Ad m i n i st r at i on ( GSA) m ad e i t t h e f i r st b or d er st at i on u n d er a n ew D esi gn Exc el l en c e Pr ogr am t o ac h i eve t op - q u al i t y d esi gn f or f ed er al b u i l d i n g p r oj ec t s. Th e GSA was n ot d i sap p oi n t ed : t h e p r oj ec t won a N at i on al AI A Desi gn Awar d i n 2 0 0 0 . Si gh t l i n es d r ove t h e d esi gn . B or d er agen t s m u st b e ab l e t o m on i t or t wo ou t d oor i n sp ec t i on ar eas f r om t h e p or t h ou se: on e f or c ar s p assi n g t h r ou gh t h e c h ec k p oi n t an d a p u l l - of f ar ea f or f u r t h er i n sp ec t i on .
25
P I E R CE COU N T Y E N VI R ON M E N TA L S E R VI CE S B U I L D I N G, U N I VE R S I T Y P L A CE , WA S H I N GT ON
26
Sm al l p or t i on s of t h e p or t h ou se ar e op aq u e f or
an d st eel sk yl i gh t w eaves t h em t oget h er c r eat i n g a
h ol d i n g c el l s an d ot h er sec u r e ar eas. A n ar r ow b ar
l ayer ed , t r an sp ar en t sp ac e m er gi n g t h e r at i on al an d
c on t ai n s t h e p or t h ou se an d i s sol i d al on g t h e east
t h e exp er i en t i al . Th e r esu l t i s a p r oj ec t at ease on a
w h er e t r af f i c st ac k s u p w ai t i n g t o c r oss at t h e
r em ot e, w ood ed si t e w h i l e p r oj ec t i n g a d i gn i f i ed
Ca n a d i a n
f ed er al p r esen c e.
b or d er
st at i on .
Tw o
b u oyan t
st eel
c an op i es em er ge f r om t h e w ood - c l ad c ar ap ac e of t h e p or t h ou se an d soar u p t o t h ei r h i gh est p oi n t
At 2 4 , 0 0 0 sq u ar e f eet , t h e B ai n b r i d ge I sl an d Ci t y
over t h e ou t si d e l an es f or t r u c k s. A p ai r of m ast s
H al l i s M i l l er / H u l l ’s l ar gest c i vi c p r oj ec t t o d at e.
st r u n g w i t h st eel c ab l e p i c k s u p t h e 1 0 0 - f oot c an -
Th e m ayor ’s of f ic e, c it y c ou n c il c h am b er s, an d ad m in -
t i l ever of t h e m ai n c an op y, r ec al l i n g sai l b oat s i n
i st r at i ve d ep ar t m en t s c l u st er ar ou n d an i n t er n al
n ear b y m ar i n as.
sk yl i t m ai n st r eet . Ci t i zen s gr asp t h e h u b b u b of ever yd ay b u r eau c r at i c f u n c t i on i n g f r om t h e c af et er i a-
Th e sc h em e d i sp l ays t h e c l ar i t y c h ar ac t er i st i c of
st yl e ser vi c e c ou n t er s d own t h e c en t er of t h e d ou b l e-
m ost of M i l l er / H u l l ’s w or k , b u t t h er e i s a n ew
h ei gh t sp ac e. Th e c l i p p ed eaves, m et al r oof , an d
d yn am i sm i n t h e way i t p u sh es st r u c t u r al r at i on al i sm
w ood - b at t en si d i n g r ec al l t h e i sl an d ’s b ar n s an d
t o an ext r em e. Th er e i s a sp l i t b et ween t h e c an op i es’
t i m b er m i l l s. T h e d esi gn
st eel st r u c t u r e an d t h e wood p or t h ou se, as i f t h e t wo
year n i n g f or a b u i l d i n g t h at i s n ot ost en t at i ou s an d
p r ogr am s an d m at er i al s r esi st j oi n i n g t oget h er. Th e
yet p r oj ec t s a st r on g c i vi c p r esen c e. N ei t h er n ew
t en si on b et w een t h em i s al m ost p al p ab l e. A gl ass
u r b an ist n or old , th e p r ojec t’s astu te sitin g em p h asizes
r esp on d s t o a p u b l i c
F E S T I VA L P A V I L I O N AT S E AT T L E C E N T E R , S E AT T L E , WA S H I N GT ON
c on n ec t i on s t o t h e B ai n b r i d ge Per f or m i n g Ar t s
On t h e d r aw i n g b oar d s or u n d er c on st r u c t i on ar e
Fac i l i t y an d an ou t d oor Far m er ’s M ar k et , c r eat i n g a
d esi gn s t h at c on f i r m M i l l er / H u l l ’s c on t i n u i n g d ed i -
n ew c i vi c c en t er i n an am or p h ou s d ow n t ow n .
c at i on t o i n t egr at i n g aest h et i c , st r u c t u r al , an d en vi r on m en t al i ssu es: a st eel an d gl ass l of t b u i l d i n g on
As on e of t en n at i on al AI A Ear t h D ay 2 0 0 0 p r oj ec t s,
t h e ed ge of Seat t l e’s d ow n t ow n , a l i gh t r ai l t r an si t
t h e B ai n b r i d ge Ci t y H al l r ef l ec t s t h e f i r m ’s c om m i t -
st at i on i n Tac om a, an d a sp ar e i n t er p r et i ve c en t er
m en t t o su st ai n ab l e d esi gn . A d ou b l e- h ei gh t i n t er -
i n t h e Casc ad e M ou n t ai n s. B y w i d en i n g t h e sc op e
n al st r eet d r aw s n at u r al l i gh t d eep i n t o t h e i n t er i or
of t h ei r u n d er t ak i n g r at h er t h an
of t h e p r oj ec t — n o d esk i s f ar t h er t h an t w en t y f eet
f oc u s, t h e f i r m b yp asses p ol ar i zi n g d eb at es an d
f r om
op en s t h e d oor t o a c r i t i c al p r ac t i c e. To b e c r i t i c al ,
d ayl i gh t — an d f ac i l i t at es n at u r al ven t i l at i on
t h r ou gh
op er ab l e wi n d ows.
n ar r owi n g t h e
Th e p r oj ec t ’s wood
ac c or d i n g t o soc i al an d c u l t u r al h i st or i an R aym on d
f r am i n g i s t h e r egi on ’s f i r st m aj or i n st al l at i on of
Wi l l i am s, i s t o d evel op an ac t i ve an d c om p l ex r el a-
w ood f r om a f or est c er t i f i ed f or i t s st r i n gen t st ew -
t i on sh i p
ar d sh i p p r ac t i c e; f i n i sh m at er i al s ar e r ec yc l ed , n on -
M i l l er / H u l l ’s c ase i t m ean s w or k i n g as m od er n i st s
t oxi c , or n on - ozon e d ep l et i n g. At a t i m e w h en su s-
w i t h i n t h e t r ad i t i on s of a l oc al c u l t u r e w h i l e of f er i n g
t ai n ab i l i t y t en d s t o ext r em es — t h e ec o- p u r i st s ver -
b u i l d i n g b l oc k s t o t h e f u t u r e.
su s t h e w i l l f u l l y ob l i vi ou s — M i l l er / H u l l ’s t al en t f or t h i n k i n g gr een w i t h ou t sac r i f i c i n g d esi gn ap p eal i s a b r eat h of f r esh ai r.
with
a
si t u at i on
an d
its
c on t ext .
In
27
WO R K S
L EF T : T H E G O R T O N / B O U N D S C A B I N O VER L O O K S T H E SA N J U A N I SL A N D S.
B EL O W : SEC T I O N SH O W I N G SL O P ED R O O F O VER T H E M A I N L I VI N G SP A C E
Gor t on / Bounds Ca bi n De c a t u r I s l a n d , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 8 7
The significance of this small, 6 0 0 -square-foot cabin goes beyond the fact that it was the first retreat Miller / Hull designed on Decatur Island, or that it was their first widely published project. Instead its importance lies in capturing the unpredictable, alchemic moment when Miller / Hull’s earlier experiments come together to create a design with clarity of structure and of purpose. The clients, a young family of three, facilitated the architects’ progress by requesting a retreat that was distinct in form, function, and feel from a conventional house. They also wished to minimize the barriers between their indoor life and an outdoor view that stretches as far as Canada. Within a structural framework of posts-and-beams and cross bracing, Miller / Hull created an inverted roof that merges the interior with the exterior. A narrow footpath along a mossy slope leads to the cabin’s entry centered on the east elevation. From a flat area over the door the roof slopes up and out in three directions over a main living space projecting
31
R I G H T : A WA L L O F W I N D O W S W I T H I N A P O S T- A N D B EA M F R A M EWOR K
B EL OW : F I R ST F L OOR P L A N
1
2
3
8
8
4 5
6
7
1 P OR CH
2 D I N I N G R OOM
4 K I T CH E N 7 B E D R OOM
32
5 S T OR AGE
3 L I VI N G R OOM
6 B AT H R O O M
8 L AD D E R T O L OF T AB OVE
out t o t he panorami c vi ew. On t hree si des a doubl ehei ght wal l of wi ndows si t s f i ve f eet i nsi de t he st ruct ure t o shade t he gl ass and f urt her bl ur t he boundary of t he ext eri or wal l . The wi ndows are made of gl azed wooden garage doors, st andi ng on end wi t h f ul l hei ght operabl e panel s f or vent i l at i on. Thi s subdi vi ded wi ndow wal l i s more t ransparent and l ess expensi ve t han l arge pl at e gl ass, si nce t he wood gri d breaks up t he ref l ect i ons on gl ass t hat can make i t opaque. The ni net y-i nch-wi de core on t he uphi l l si de cont ai ns a bedroom, ki t chen, and bat hroom on t he f i rst f l oor, wi t h shi p’s l adders l eadi ng up t o t wo sl eepi ng l of t s. Cedar si di ng wraps around t he core f rom ext eri or t o i nt eri or f ormi ng a backdrop f or t he gl ass-encl osed l i vi ng room and underscori ng t he sense of bei ng out si de. The solid core is balanced by a horizontal band of ribbon windows that run the width of the entry facade, tying together a series of standard wood-frame windows. The monol i t hi c qual i t y provi des a backdrop f or t he main living space. A spacious semi-circular wooden deck cant i l evers out over t he st eep drop t o t he rocky beach.
L EF T: GL A Z ED WOOD EN GA R A GE D OOR S EN CL OSE T H E M A I N L I VI N G SPA CE.
R I GH T: T H E D ECK CA N T I L EVER S OVER A ST EEP D R OP T O T H E WAT E R B E L O W.
B E L O W : E X P A N D E D A X O N O M ET R I C O F T Y P I C A L ST R U CT U R A L B AY
R I GH T: R OOF SL OP ES U P T O A D OU B L E- H EI GH T P R OM EN A D E.
O V E R L E A F : T H E S O U T H FA Ç A D E R E F L E C T S S E AT T L E ’ S A C T I V E S H I P C A N A L .
M a r i ne Te c hno l ogy Fa c i l i t y Se a t t l e Ce n t r a l Communi t y Co l l e ge Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on 19 8 7
36
The shi p canal connect i ng Seat t l e’s t hree mai n bodi es
The 6 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot bui l di ng i s t he second phase of
of wat er — Lake Washi ngt on, Lake Uni on, and Puget
a mast er pl an t he f i rm devel oped i n 1 9 8 0 f or t he t wo-
Sound — i s l i ned wi t h an aggl omerat i on of dry-docks,
acre si t e. I n t he f i rst phase t he muddy l agoon was
commerci al f i shi ng f l eet s, and mari ne manuf act uri ng
dredged t o bri ng wat er up t o a concret e bul khead,
and t raversed by a seri es of drawbri dges. At t he f oot of
whi ch f orms a pl i nt h f or t he new st ruct ure. The nort h
t he cast -i ron Bal l ard Bri dge i s Mi l l er / Hul l ’s cl assroom
si de of t he bui l di ng si t s on t he back propert y l i ne, cre-
bui l di ng f or Seat t l e Cent ral Communi t y Col l ege’s
at i ng a securi t y wal l t hat screens t he si t e. From here a
mari ne-t echnol ogy program. St udent s prepare f or
corrugat ed met al shed roof st art s l ow and sl opes up
mai nt enance and operat i onal posi t i ons aboard t ugs,
t oward t he sout h t o creat e a t wo-st ory f acade on t he
f erri es, and f i shi ng boat s ami dst a worki ng wat erf ront .
wat er. On t he short west end of t he bui l di ng t he roof
The proj ect ’s exposed st ruct ure, met al si di ng, and
t urns up i n a gest ure t oward t he bri dge.
shed roof ref l ect i t s mari t i me set t i ng whi l e Mi l l er / Hul l l ayers t hese el ement s t o achi eve a l i ght ness and t ransparency t hat charact eri zes t hei r l at er work.
39
L EF T: L AYER S OF ST R U CT U R E A N D SU N SCR EEN D EF I N E T H E ED GE OF T H E P R OM EN A D E.
B E L O W : E L E VAT I O N O F S O U T H FA C A D E
A doubl e-hei ght open-ai r promenade al ong t he canal
garage-doors t o warm t he ext ra gravel underneat h t he
si mul at es t he experi ence of bei ng on a shi p’s deck
exposed concret e sl ab f or passi ve sol ar heat i ng.
whi l e t aki ng advant age of t he mi l d cl i mat e t o connect t hree cl assrooms, a l i brary, and a l unchroom. St andard
The desi gn j uxt aposes of f -t he-shel f mat eri al s and
t wo-f oot -square gl azed garage-doors rol l up t o open
st ruct ural expressi veness wi t h el egant det ai l s evoca-
t he cl assrooms t o t he wat erf ront and al t ernat e wi t h t he
t i ve of handcraf t ed boat s. Al ong t he col onnade runs
sol i d of f i ce and st orage modul es t hat pop-out i nt o t he
l i ght st ai nl ess-st eel cabl e rai l i ng wi t h a pol i shed t eak
col onnade. The l ast of t he si x st ruct ural bays i s open
cap. The met al f l ashi ng, whi ch t ri ms t he medi um-den-
on t he east end as a gat eway i nt o t he boat yard. Tube-
si t y-f i berboard of f i ce modul es, resembl es t he bandi ng
st eel col umns si t on a concret e base on t op of t he con-
on st eamer t runks. The ref i ned det ai l i ng and el egant
cret e pl i nt h, wi t h st eel t i e rods t hreaded t hrough a
proport i ons of t he st ruct ure combi ne wi t h t he wat er-
sect i on of pi pe t hat i s cut and wel ded at t he t op and
f ront ’s st rai ght f orward vocabul ary t o produce a seam-
bot t om of each col umn as l at eral st i f f eners. The
l ess marri age of t he cl assi cal and t he vernacul ar.
bri ght -red rods cross at t he cent er of each bay def i ni ng t he edge of t he bui l di ng. At t he t op of t he arcade, a gl ue-l ami nat ed sunscreen bl ocks t he hi gh summer sun addi ng a mi ni mal i st corni ce t o t he cl assi cal composi t i on. Duri ng wi nt er, l ow l i ght penet rat es t he gl ass
41
L EF T B EL OW : SECT I ON OF SECON D - F L OOR A D D I T I ON T O EXI ST I N G A RT SCH OOL
R I G H T : G L A Z E D G A R A G E D O O R S O P E N T H E D R AW I N G ST U D I O T O T H E WOOD S.
Ar t S t udi os Eve r gre e n S t a t e Co l l e ge Ol y m p i a , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 0
42
The Evergreen St at e Col l ege i s known f or i t s radi cal i nt erdi sci pl i nary program. There are no prescri bed maj ors; i nst ead st udent s creat e t hei r own curri cul a, of t en wi t h an envi ronment al emphasi s. Bui l t f rom scrat ch duri ng t he earl y 1 9 7 0 s, t he campus i s a seri es of neo-brut al i st concret e megast ruct ures i sol at ed i n 1 ,0 0 0 acres of pri st i ne woods. When t he col l ege’s art depart ment out grew t he f aci l i t y, t he f acul t y want ed warehouse space i n nearby Ol ympi a, but t he regent s charged Mi l l er / Hul l wi t h expandi ng t he ori gi nal bui l di ng on t he edge of campus. To sat i sf y t he f acul t y’s l ongi ng f or l of t space, Mi l l er / Hul l ’s desi gn has an open, i ndust ri al f eel i ng i nsi de an angul ar met al and gl ass addi t i on on t op of t he exi st i ng one-st ory concret e bui l di ng. To sei smi cal l y upgrade t he ori gi nal bui l di ng, a graphi c “ X” of st eel braci ng i s bol t ed t o t he ext eri or of t he ol d st ruct ure bel ow. Next door i s a new t wo-st ory st udi o t hat pi cks up t he t heme of t he f i rst bui l di ng wi t h a mat chi ng concret e base and st eel and gl ass above. Connect i ng
B E L O W : E A S T E L E VAT I O N
R I GH T: T R A N SL U CEN T PA N EL S OVER CL EA R GL A SS WI N D OWS D I F F U SE L I GH T A N D OP EN U P VI EWS
OVER L EA F : GL A Z ED EN T RY CON N ECT S SECON D - F L OOR A D D I T I ON A N D N EW T WO- ST ORY ST U D I O.
44
t he bui l di ngs at t he second f l oor i s an ent ry and gat h-
above. At t he corner of each st udi o t he panel s st ep
eri ng space t hat spans a passageway bet ween t wo
down t o an eye-l evel cl ear gl ass wi ndow f or a vi ew out
ext eri or court yards. The f i rst f l oor of t he new st ruct ure
t o t he t rees. I n t he new bui l di ng’s drawi ng st udi o, st u-
houses a cerami c st udi o and t he second f l oor i s a si n-
dent s work around a cent ral st i l l l i f e or f i gure model
gl e, l arge f i gure drawi ng st udi o. I n t he addi t i on above
under a cent ral cl ear gl ass skyl i ght . Gl azed rol l -up
t he exi st i ng bui l di ng are t hree new pai nt i ng st udi os
garage doors at each end of t hat space open ont o t wo
and a cri t i que room l i nked by a gal l ery.
bal coni es.
The desi gn i s unusual f or Mi l l er / Hul l i n t hat i t mel ds
The school ’s i nf ormal warehouse at mosphere i s con-
i nsi de and out si de t hrough a seri es of skyl i ght s
duci ve t o spl ashed pai nt and ot her creat i ve addi t i ons
i nst ead of t hrough wal l openi ngs. I n essence t he
by st udent s. The f l oor i s pol i shed concret e, t he i nt eri -
bui l di ng’s sect i on i s t he l i ght i ng concept . Mi l l er / Hul l
or wal l s are drywal l on st eel st uds, and t he cei l i ng i s
t est ed t he desi gn’s vi abi l i t y i n a seri es of year-round
exposed st eel bar j oi st s t hreaded by mechani cal duct s.
dayl i ght i ng st udi es on l arge-scal e model s at t he
Li ght ref l ect s of f t he whi t e perf orat ed met al decki ng
Uni versi t y of Washi ngt on’s l i ght i ng l ab. St udent s work
f rom f l uorescent f i xt ures posi t i oned upsi de down on
on easel s and use t he wal l s as pi n-up space i n t he
t he bot t om f l ange of t he j oi st s. Cont i nui ng t he i ndus-
pai nt i ng st udi os, as nat ural l i ght ent ers t hrough l arge
t ri al aest het i c on t he ext eri or are whi t e st andi ng-seam
moni t ors al ong t wo paral l el edges of t he st udi o. The
met al wal l s above t he poured-i n-pl ace concret e base.
moni t or’s vert i cal f ace i s compri sed of t ransl ucent
The j uxt aposi t i on of met al and gl ass, ort hogonal and
f i bergl ass panel s and t he sl oped port i on of cl ear gl ass
angul ar, and openness and encl osure amel i orat e a cor-
t o al l ow bot h di f f used l i ght and a sense of t he sky
ner of an ot herwi se monol i t hi c campus.
L EF T: M A I N L I VI N G SPA CE H A S U N I N T ER R U P T ED VI EWS OF L OP EZ SOU N D .
B EL OW : SECT I ON SH OWS EN T RY B R I D GE T O M A I N L I VI N G SPA CE ON SECON D F L OOR .
N ovot ny Ca bi n De c a t u r I s l a n d , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 0
Thi s Decat ur I sl and ret reat shares Gort on Bounds’ compact f orm, t ransparency, and exposed st ruct ure, but i s more ani mat ed due t o t he shape of i t s roof . Ref erred t o as t he “ bl ack hat ” by i sl anders, t he house i s composed of a seri es of wood t russes support i ng si xf oot -deep overhangs on t he east and west si des, whi ch reduce gl are on t he gl ass f or bet t er vi ews. These wi ngl i ke proj ect i ons serve t he same f unct i on as t he f l aps of f orest f i re wat cht owers and recal l t hei r i coni c prof i l e. The 8 4 0 -square-f oot cabi n si t s among Dougl as f i r and red-barked madrona t rees on t he edge of a cl i f f overl ooki ng Puget Sound. Because of t hi s pl acement out f rom t he sl ope, an ent ry bri dge spans f rom grade t o t he mai n l i vi ng space on t he second f l oor. Wi ndows enci rcl e t hi s t reet op aeri e maki ng t he most of vi ews across That cher Pass t o Lopez and Orcas I sl ands. As wi t h al l of Mi l l er / Hul l ’s work, t he rel at i onshi p t o t he out si de i s key i n t he desi gn. Here l ayers of mul l i ons and st rut s underscore t he demat eri al i zat i on of t he ext eri or wal l . The ki t chen t hat runs al ong one end of
49
R I G H T : E X P A N D E D A X O N O M ET R I C
R I G H T B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
FA R R I G H T : R O O F B E A M S W E R E B A R G E D T O T H E R E M O T E SI T E I N S E C T I O N S , T H E N A S S E M B L E D .
50
t he space has open wood-f rame cabi net s at t ached t o
The st ruct ure domi nat es t he archi t ect ural expressi on
t he wi ndow mul l i ons f or unobst ruct ed vi ews. The f our-
of t he desi gn. Exposed st rut s and shear connect ors
t een-f oot -t al l space gl ows wi t h t he f i r f l oors and pi ne
support t he roof and provi de ri gi di t y agai nst sei smi c
cei l i ngs. I n keepi ng wi t h Decat ur I sl and’s resource
f orces and severe wi nds. Const ruct i on mat eri al s must
conservat i on et hos, t he cabi n’s onl y source of heat i s
be barged ont o t he i sl and, l i mi t i ng t he si ze of st ruc-
a wood st ove.
t ural members. To address t hi s t he st ruct ure i s composi t e beams shi pped i n sect i ons and t i ed t oget her
The t ransparent upper l evel f l oat s t he roof above a
wi t h spl i t ri ng connect ors. The f l oor beams ext end
sol i d base cont ai ni ng t wo bedrooms, a st udy, and a
past t he ext eri or wal l al l t he way around t he cabi n;
bat hroom. The mi rror i mage of t he l ower l evel pl an i s
when spanned by boards t hey support a wi ndow-wash-
due t o t he program: t wo coupl es bui l t t he house
i ng pl at f orm. The post -and-beam st ruct ure i s cl ad i n
t oget her t o share on al t ernat i ng weekends. Each room
rough-sawn vert i cal cedar si di ng. The cabi n i s a pri me
i s onl y sl i ght l y bi gger t han t he bui l t -i n doubl e bed, but
exampl e of t he way Mi l l er / Hul l mani pul at es si ze and
t wo l arge punched wi ndows wi t h vi ews of t he wat er
scal e. As physi cal l y compact as possi bl e — t he f oot -
make t hem seem more spaci ous. Borrowi ng f rom t he
pri nt runs t hi rt een-by-t hi rt y f eet — t he cabi n’s over-
compact ness of a boat cabi n, st orage space i s t ucked
si zed wi ndow f rames and overscal ed roof i ncrease i t s
under t he beds, i n a crawl space bel ow t he f l oor, and
vi sual i mpact whi l e l esseni ng i t s i nt rusi on i n nat ure.
under t he bui l t -i n seat i ng i n t he l i vi ng area.
FA R L E F T : G E N E R O U S O V E R H A N G S R E D U C E GL A SS GL A R E.
B E L O W L E F T, T O P T O B O T T O M : W E S T E L E VAT I O N , U P P ER L EVEL P L A N , L OWER L EVEL P L A N
B EL OW : T H E CA B I N ’ S R OOF R ECA L L S T H E R A I SED F L A P S O F F O R E S T F I R E WAT C H T O W E R S .
L E F T : P A R T I A L A X O N O M ET R I C
R I GH T: T H E ST R U CT U R E EXT EN D S T O F OR M A SU N S C R E E N O N T H E W E S T.
Boe i n g Ca f e t e r i a Tu k w i l a , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 1
54
At Boei ng Fi el d, j ust sout h of Seat t l e, rows of 7 3 7 s and 7 5 7 s awai t del i very t o cl i ent s around t he worl d. Across t he st reet i s t he corporat e gi ant ’s headquart ers, part of a secure campus of f eat urel ess ai rpl ane hangars, research cent ers, and radar t est i ng f aci l i t i es bet ween t he i nt erst at e and t he Duwami sh Ri ver. Mi l l er / Hul l ’s f reest andi ng caf et eri a i s one of several t hat serve t he l arge Boei ng pl ant . I t i s t he di ni ng room f or workers i n t wo wi ndowl ess met al bui l di ngs — one t en st ori es and t he ot her f i ve st ori es t al l — across a vast parki ng l ot . The desi gn nods t o t he f orm and mat eri al s of i t s ut i l i t ari an nei ghbors whi l e provi di ng a wel come dose of dayl i ght f or t he empl oyees. The 1 0 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot caf et eri a paral l el s t he east ern bank of t he ri ver, an i ndust ri al wat erf ront recl ai med as a park f or Boei ng empl oyees. Mi l l er / Hul l devel oped a seri es of spaces t hat become i ncreasi ngl y t ransparent and art i cul at ed as t hey move f rom asphal t t o wat er. Front i ng t he parki ng l ot i s a wal l of deep-box sect i on corrugat ed met al si di ng t hat ext ends past bot h ends of t he bui l di ng by several f eet , emphasi zi ng i t s pl anar qual i t i es. The vert i cal seams bet ween panel s of t he
L EF T: T H E T R A N SPA R EN T D I N I N G R OOM PA R A L L EL S A WAT E R F R O N T P A R K .
B E L O W : A P O R C H SI G N A L S T H E E N T R Y I N T H E OPA QU E EA ST ER N FA ÇA D E.
B EL OW : P L A N
R I G H T : L I G H T- F I L L E D D I N I N G R O O M
1
2
8
5 3
7
6 6 4
1 T E R R ACE 5 D I S H WAS H
58
2 DI N I N G
3 S E R VE R Y
6 B AT H R O O M S
4 EN TRY
7 K I T CH E N
8 M E CH AN I CAL
hori zont al met al si di ng are art i cul at ed wi t h st eel
To bl ur t he di st i nct i on bet ween i nt eri or and ext eri or,
angl es. The onl y i nt errupt i on i s f or a met al canopy
t he st eel j oi st s run f rom t he back wal l of t he core
f rami ng a doubl e-hei ght porch. I t s si ngul ar support i s
across t he di ni ng room t o si t on t op of a st eel gi rder
a l at t i ce of st eel st raps bet ween a pai r of wi de-f l ange
out si de. The resul t ant ei ght -f oot -deep overhang on t he
st eel col umns, gi vi ng a hi nt of what l i es beyond t he
west si de prot ect s t he wi ndow wal l so ef f i ci ent l y t hat
sol i d wal l .
i t al l ows t he use of cl ear rat her t han t i nt ed gl ass.
Layers of corrugat ed met al wal l s def i ne a core on t he
more of t he l ow wi nt er sun and t hen punched a seri es
Mi l l er / Hul l i ncreased t he dept h of t he gi rder t o bl ock east si de of t he bui l di ng cont ai ni ng t he f ood servi ce,
of port hol es i n i t t o decrease i t s apparent heavi ness. A
ki t chen, and di shwashi ng. Pat rons pass t hrough t he
row of t he same l at t i ce-l i ke col umns f ound at t he ent ry
servery i n t hi s encl osed area bef ore emergi ng i nt o t he
ext ends t he west ern edge of t he bui l di ng out i nt o t he
f ourt een-f oot -hi gh di ni ng room gl azed on t hree si des.
l andscape. The concret e si l l i s set at t abl et op hei ght
The cei l i ng’s exposed st eel bar j oi st s and perf orat ed
and i s a ret ai ni ng wal l f or a rai sed pl ant er on t he out -
met al decki ng are pai nt ed whi t e, creat i ng a bri ght ai ry
si de. To i ncrease t he sense of t ransparency t he upper
space wi t h ai rpl ane t est model s f l oat i ng overhead. A
wi ndows are subdi vi ded by st eel mul l i ons, breaki ng up
f i ne web of st eel st rap cross braci ng bet ween j oi st s
t he di st ract i ng ref l ect ed i mages t hat can make gl ass
adds st i f f ness whi l e i mpart i ng a f eel i ng of wei ght l ess-
opaque. The bui l di ng’s t ransparency, art i cul at i on, and
ness t o t he roof . On gray days upl i ght s mount ed on
t ext ure provi de vi sual rel i ef and human scal e i n a f ea-
pol es bounce l i ght of f t he cei l i ng. I n keepi ng wi t h
t urel ess envi ronment .
Boei ng’s l ow-key corporat e cul t ure, t he room can be part i t i oned wi t h a pocket door t o f orm a recept i on cent er f or vi si t i ng di gni t ari es.
L E F T : WAT E R , T R U C K E D I N T O T H E R E M O T E SI T E , I S ST OR ED I N A CI ST ER N I N T H E T OWER .
L E F T B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
M a r qua nd Re t re a t N a c h e s Ri v e r Va l l e y, W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 2
Thi s monk-l i ke ret reat nest l es i n a grassy bowl carved
shower. Thi s t ower becomes t he anchori ng el ement f or
by t he Naches Ri ver as i t wi nds f rom t he gl aci al peaks
t he desi gn. A st ri p of roof engages one edge of t he
of t he Cascade Mount ai ns t o t he dry Yaki ma Val l ey
t ower t hen f l oat s over t he cabi n t o t i e t he t wo el e-
f l oor. The cl i ent , a publ i sher, camped f or a year on t he
ment s t oget her vi sual l y. The roof proj ect s anot her
2 0 0 -acre si t e bef ore det ermi ni ng t he best pl ace t o
f ourt een f eet on t he sout h prot ect i ng t he mai n open-
bui l d: a sout h f aci ng hi l l si de where el k and deer con-
i ng f rom t he sun wi t h a deep porch.
gregat e duri ng t he wi nt er. I n keepi ng wi t h hi s desi res, t he 4 5 0 -square-f oot proj ect i s not a f ul l -f l edged
Dayl i ght penet rat es t he i nt eri or f rom cl erest ory wi n-
house, but rat her a permanent shel t er, a st ep up f rom
dows posi t i oned bet ween t he t wo l ayers of roof . The
campi ng. The cabi n’s concret e-bl ock wal l s and corru-
cei l i ng’s heavy-t i mber beams and wood decki ng warm
gat ed met al roof i ng wi t hst and wi l df i res, mel di ng ut i l i -
up t he spart an i nt eri or’s pol i shed concret e f l oor and
t ari an deci si ons wi t h Mi l l er / Hul l ’s l ow-t ech modern
exposed l i ght -buf f concret e bl ock wal l s. Si nce t he
aest het i c.
ext eri or wal l s woul d have had t o have been much t hi cker i f f urred out t o accommodat e i nsul at i on, t he
The cl i ent chose not t o di srupt t he pri st i ne l andscape
weekend ret reat i s uni nsul at ed and does not meet t he
wi t h ut i l i t y l i nes, and so t he cabi n has no el ect ri ci t y.
energy code requi rement s f or a resi dence. For permi t -
I nst ead, t he owner rel i es on kerosene l amps, a wood
t i ng purposes i t f al l s under t he cat egory of agri cul t ur-
st ove, and a pi cni c cool er. Wat er i s t rucked i nt o a
al bui l di ngs — an appropri at e desi gnat i on si nce t he
5 0 0 -gal l on ci st ern i n a det ached concret e-bl ock t ower
desi gn draws i nspi rat i on f rom f arm and i ndust ri al
i n back of t he cabi n and gravi t y f ed t o t he t oi l et and
bui l di ngs i n t he area.
61
B E L O W : C O R R U G AT E D M ET A L R O O F A N D C O N C R ET E B L O C K WA L L S R E SI S T W I L D F I R E S .
R I GH T: GL A Z ED A N D SCR EEN ED PA N EL S SL I D E H OR I Z O N T A L LY O V E R T H E E N T R Y P O R T A L .
L EF T: T H E P OR CH F R A M ES A VI EW OF T H E N A CH ES R I V E R VA L L E Y.
L E F T B E L O W : E X P A N D E D A X O N O M ET R I C
Even wi t hi n t he sol i di t y of t hi s scheme Mi l l er / Hul l manages a st art l i ng degree of openness wi t h a t en-byt en f oot port al openi ng sout h. Two l arge panel s — one gl azed and t he ot her screened — share t he same t rack al ong t he l engt h of t he house al l owi ng t he cl i ent t o sl i de t hem hori zont al l y f or varyi ng degrees of encl osure. When he rel uct ant l y heads back t o Seat t l e, a met al rol l i ng door pul l s down over t he mai n ent ry and met al panel s secure t he wood-f rame wi ndows. Usual l y, t he door i s wi de open and t he pol i shed concret e f l oor f l ows uni nt errupt ed f rom t he i nt eri or t o t he ext eri or t o st op at a l ow concret e bl ock wal l support i ng a si ngl e, of f -cent er col umn hol di ng up t he porch. Toget her t hese spare archi t ect ural el ement s f rame a mesmeri zi ng vi ew of t he ri ver val l ey beyond.
65
B E L O W : S O U T H E L E VAT I O N
OVER L EA F : T H E D OCK S R I SE A N D FA L L W I T H T H E WAT E R L E V E L .
R I G H T : W O O D E N C O L U M N S E X T E N D SI X T Y F E ET B E L O W T H E WAT E R L I N E
U ni ve r si t y of W a shi n g t on Coa c he s Boa t H ouse Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on 19 9 3
66
The Uni versi t y of Washi ngt on’s physi cal educat i on and sport s compl ex st ret ches al ong t he west ern edge of Lake Washi ngt on i n Seat t l e. Tucked behi nd t he f i f t yf i ve-t housand-seat Husky st adi um i s t he uni versi t y’s rowi ng f aci l i t y on t he marshy shores of Uni on Bay. Twi ce dai l y st udent s carry sl eek si xt y-f oot l ong raci ng shel l s i nt o t he wat er f rom a l ow wooden dock. Coaches f ol l ow i n out board mot or boat s f rom a l aunch house over t he wat er. I n cont rast t o t he bl ocky, undi st i ngui shed bui l di ng st ori ng t he raci ng shel l s, t he l owsl ung vaul t of Mi l l er / Hul l ’s coach house evokes nort hern European barges — or cl oser t o home — Lake Uni on houseboat s, but wi t h a moderni st t wi st . The desi gn ref l ect s a st ri ngent si xt een-f oot shorel i ne hei ght rest ri ct i on — measured f rom t he l ow poi nt of a t wo-f oot seasonal change i n wat er l evel . The proj ect ’s gent l e arch al l ows t he bui l di ng t o f al l wi t hi n t he hei ght l i mi t wi t hout appeari ng compressed. Anot her chal l enge i s t he l ocat i on i n a bog wi t h l oad-beari ng peat si xt y f eet bel ow t he wat erl i ne. I t i s i mpossi bl e t o
69
B E L O W : E A R LY S K ET C H
R I G H T : A D E SI G N F I T T O T H E M A R I N E S ET T I N G
70
dri ve t i mber pi l es t hat di st ance and keep t hem
The desi gn cont rast s t he ref i ned and t he raw. The t aut
st rai ght , so Mi l l er / Hul l used t he bui l di ng envel ope,
machi ned surf ace of t he st andi ng seam-met al roof
bot h st ruct ural l y and concept ual l y, t o bundl e t he pi l es
pl ays agai nst t he i rregul ar spl i nt ered surf ace of t he
t oget her and pul l t hem i nt o vert i cal al i gnment . I n
pi ers. The hef t y proport i ons of t he t i mber pi ers, wood
combi nat i on wi t h f i ne st eel rods cross braci ng
st rut s, and eaves board cont rast wi t h t he l i ght gri d of
bet ween pi ers, t he syst em i s so ef f ect i ve t hat no addi -
al umi num mul l i ons and gl azi ng. Al umi num channel s
t i onal di agonal pi l es are requi red t o st abi l i ze i t .
mark t he seams bet ween t he medi um-densi t y f i berboard panel s t hat add ri gi di t y at t he narrow ends of
From t he l andsi de, t he coaches’ ent ry i s across a
t he st ruct ure. The port hol es on t hese el evat i ons nod t o
gangpl ank and under a proj ect i ng heavy-t i mber
t he wat erf ront but t hei r si ze and l ocat i on are a graph-
canopy. I nsi de, a seri es of gl ue-l ami nat ed t i mber arch-
i c el ement i n t he composi t i on. The proj ect ’s gent l e
es def i ne si x st ruct ural bays. The i nt eri or docks ri se
vaul t and repet i t i ous bays make a pi ct ori al ref l ect i on
and f al l wi t h f l uct uat i ons i n t he wat er l evel . Al umi num
among t he l i l y pads and reeds.
and gl ass-panel ed garage doors f i l l f i ve bays and rol l up t o open t he nort h el evat i on f or boat access. As an economi cal gl azi ng syst em t he same garage doors i nf i l l t he bays al ong t he sout h but are i noperabl e. On bot h si des wood st rut s ki ck up at t he mi d-poi nt of each pi er t o support a roof overhang ref ract i ng l i ght of f t he surf ace of t he wat er and ont o t he curved cei l i ng t o modul at e t he ut i l i t ari an i nt eri or.
L EF T: T H E P OR CH COL U M N S M I M I C T H E SU R R OU N D I N G M A D R ON A T R EES.
B E L O W : F I R S T- F L O O R P L A N O F M A I N H O U S E A N D D ET A C H E D S T U D I O
Gi r vi n Ca bi n De c a t u r I s l a n d , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 4
At 1 ,9 5 0 square f eet , t hi s year-round ret reat i s al most 5
t wi ce t he si ze of Mi l l er / Hul l ’s earl i er Decat ur I sl and proj ect s. Al t hough t he house i s not a cabi n-i n-t hewoods, t he desi gn’s di rect rel at i onshi p t o nat ure makes i t an i deal compromi se bet ween campi ng t ent
1 K I T CH E N
and suburban resi dence. The cl i ent — a f ami l y of
2 D I N I N G R OOM
3 L I VI N G R OOM
4 STU DI O
5 D E CK
f our — want ed a weekend house as si mpl e as t he l ocal f i shi ng sheds. Mi l l er / Hul l ’s cri sp and cl i pped det ai l i ng updat es t he vernacul ar wi t h a moderni st sensi bi l i t y. The house al so marks a new di rect i on f or t he f i rm, as i t began t o experi ment wi t h spaces creat ed bet ween vol umes. A st ri ng of t ransi t i onal spaces l i nk a pedest ri an access road al ong t he upper edge of t he si t e t o a pri vat e deck bel ow, cant i l evered out over t he wat er. The house t urns i t s back t oward t he out si de worl d, except f or a gl ass-roof ed ent ry bet ween t he mai n house and a det ached st udi o and guest house. Thi s doubl e-hei ght
73
74
FA R L EF T: GL A SS D OOR S SL I D E OP EN T O T H E L I VI N G A N D D I N I N G SPA CE.
L E F T : WA L L S E C T I O N A N D D ET A I L O F B R A C K ET S U P P O R T I N G T H E P OR CH ST R U T S A N D CA N T I L EVER ED D ECK
OVER L EA F : T H E M A I N H OU SE PA R A L L EL S T H E SH OR EL I N E; T H E GU EST H OU SE FA CES A N EI GH B OR I N G I SL A N D .
porch i s t he mai n vert i cal l i nk t hrough t he si t e. The l ong narrow bar of t he house paral l el s t he sout h-f aci ng shorel i ne, whi l e t he st udi o angl es f ort y-f i ve degrees t oward a nei ghbori ng i sl and. The cranked geomet ry of t he wal l s combi nes wi t h a roof pi t ched up and out t oward t he wat er and st eps cascadi ng down t he si t e t o creat e a dramat i c out door space. A wood and gl ass garage door sl i des hori zont al l y out of t he way f or a cl ear openi ng t hrough t he si t e. Cl osed i t encl oses a prot ect ed pl ace out of t he wi nd. On t he mai n house t he sl at e-gray board-and-bat t en si di ng i s narrow, on t he guest house i t i s wi der — a subt l e change i n scal e t hat t i es t hem t oget her whi l e emphasi zi ng t hei r di st i nct ness. The f i rst f l oor of t he mai n house i s a si ngl e room combi ni ng ki t chen, di ni ng, and l i vi ng area. The sout hern f ace i s gl ass wi t h t wo si x-by-ni ne-f oot gl azed doors t hat sl i de asi de creat i ng an out door room on t he edge of a cl i f f . Heads and si l l s are conceal ed above t he cei l i ng and bel ow t he f l oor t o f aci l i t at e an uni nt errupt ed f l ow of space
75
L E F T : E A R LY S K ET C H E S
R I GH T: A GL A SS- R OOF ED EXT ER I OR STA I R SL I P S B ET W E E N T H E M A I N H O U S E A N D S T U D I O .
78
f rom out si de t o i nsi de. Al ong t he nort hern edge of t he
al so ext end down so t hey are vi si bl e f rom i nsi de t he
l i vi ng room a bookcase conceal s a st ai rway up t o t he
f i rst f l oor — f urt her bl urri ng t he boundary bet ween
mast er bedroom, t wo bat hrooms, and a chi l dren’s bed-
i nsi de and out . At t he concret e f oundat i on wal l t he
room wi t h bui l t -i n beds. Thei r wi ndows can st ay wi de
st rut s are spl i ced and bol t ed t o a vert i cal st eel f i n,
open duri ng rai n showers due t o t he generous over-
whi ch al l ows rai n t o drai n away f rom t he wood, pre-
hang above. I n t he det ached st udi o a narrow st ai r
vent i ng rot . Bol t ed t o t he bot t om of t he st eel f i ns are
wraps a bookcase on t he way up t o a guest room on t he
st eel rods hol di ng up t he edge of a cant i l evered deck.
second f l oor. To f i t a bat hroom i n t he compact space,
The deck’s edge beam i s a gal vani zed st eel t ube wi t h
a t oi l et and shower are behi nd sandbl ast ed gl ass doors
sl i m st eel bars wel ded on t op f or bal ust rades.
on ei t her si de of t he st ai r.
Combi ned wi t h t he t hi nness of st eel cabl e rai l i ng, t he guardrai l
The det ai l i ng of t he house i s f unct i onal and el egant . The at t enuat ed proport i on and obl i que angl e of t he wood porch st rut s mi mi c t he surroundi ng madrona t rees. Overhead t he st rut s support a corrugat ed met al roof prot ect i ng wi ndows on t he second f l oor, but t hey
di sappears
agai nst
Bri gant i ne Bay t o Trump I sl and.
t he
vi ew
across
79
B E L O W : N O R T H E L E VAT I O N
R I G H T A M A I N E N T R Y T H AT SI G N A L S A W E L C O M E CI VI C P R ESEN CE
Ga r f i e l d Communi t y Ce n t e r Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on 19 9 4
80
Garf i el d Communi t y Cent er si t s at t he i nt ersect i on of
a smal l corner pl aza t o sport s f i el ds behi nd t he bui l d-
t wo maj or t horoughf ares i n t he Cent ral Di st ri ct — a
i ng. I nsi de, t he j umbo bri ck cont i nues around t he vol -
“ l ow-i ncome”
umes f rom t he ext eri or, t urni ng t he corri dor i nt o a col -
resi dent i al area bet ween downt own
Seat t l e and Lake Washi ngt on. Across one st reet are a
orf ul i nt ernal st reet . The gym’s st andi ng-seam met al
gas st at i on and cl ust er of shops; t he 1 9 0 2 Col oni al
roof f ol l ows t he ri dge of t he t russes spanni ng t he bas-
Revi val -st yl e Horace Mann El ement ary School f aces i t
ket bal l court ; t he sl i ght hi p on each end reduces i t s
across t he ot her. The corner, a hangout i n t he past
l arge mass. The l ong bar of t he meet i ng rooms i s t al l er
associ at ed wi t h drug deal i ng and guns, i s one t hat
t han requi red t o bri ng i t s scal e i n l i ne wi t h t he gym.
some had gi ven up on — as symbol i zed by t he bunker
Sl i ces of wi ndow cut t hrough t he nort h f açade, creat -
ment al i t y of t he bat t ened concret e wal l s surroundi ng a
i ng f reest andi ng bl ock panel s vi sual l y t i ed t oget her by
1 9 7 0 s i ndoor publ i c pool t o t he sout h. I n cont rast ,
a muscul ar f l at arch of roof . By breaki ng down t he
Mi l l er / Hul l ’s desi gn creat es a new nei ghborhood l and-
massi ng, cont i nui ng ext eri or mat eri al s i nsi de, and cut -
mark by anchori ng an amorphous ci t y corner i n an
t i ng t hrough t he f acade Mi l l er / Hul l creat es an open,
unexpect ed way.
permeabl e bui l di ng.
Mi l l er / Hul l spl i t t he 2 0 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot communi t y
The proj ect ’s mai n ent ry i s on a short cross axi s
cent er i nt o t wo di st i nct vol umes wrappi ng t he corner.
t hrough t he narrow nort h bl ock of meet i ng rooms,
The bul k of t he gymnasi um paral l el s t he st reet on t he
l eadi ng t o a mul t i purpose room on t he sout h. Where i t
west and si t s perpendi cul ar t o a narrow bar cont ai ni ng
crosses t he l ong east t o west ci rcul at i on, col umns
communi t y meet i ng rooms on t he nort h. The space i n-
mark the intersection with a halo of light from pyramidal
bet ween t he vol umes i s a ci rcul at i on spi ne connect i ng
skyl i ght s conceal ed above t he open wood sl at cei l i ng.
L E F T : S O U T H FA C A D E O P E N S T O S P O R T S F I E L D
B E L O W : G A R A G E D O O R S O P E N T O A P AT I O
Thi s al so hi ghl i ght s t he ent rance t o t he mul t i purpose room — t he heart of t he bui l di ng — si t t i ng i n t he crook of t he “ L” def i ned by t he gym and meet i ng rooms. Encl osed on i t s open edge by a wal l of wi ndows, t he space has a f ul l cat eri ng ki t chen f or recept i ons and communi t y di nners. Gl azed rol l -up garage doors open t he room t o a pat i o; t he pat i o, prot ect ed by a f l oat i ng met al canopy t hat bl urs t he boundary of t he room, provi des addi t i onal ent ert ai nment space. I n cont rast t o i t s urban presence on t he corner, t he back of t he communi t y cent er present s an i rregul ar and i nf ormal f ace t o t he sport s f i el ds. Gl azed rol l -up garage doors i n t wo corners of t he gymnasi um bri ng l i ght i n and gi ve a sense of t he act i vi t y i nsi de t o t he st reet . Randoml y pl aced gl ass bl ocks bri ng i n pi npoi nt s of l i ght , easi ng t he massi veness of t he bri ck wal l . Dayl i ght al so t ri ckl es i n f rom skyl i ght s f i l t ered
by l ouvers and
f i ns t o cont rol
gl are.
Throughout t he proj ect , t here i s an emphasi s on nat ural
l i ght i ng
and
vent i l at i on
and
sust ai nabi l i t y.
Wherever possi bl e t he bui l di ng’s mat eri al s ut i l i ze recycl ed wal l board, i nsul at i on, and pai nt .
B E L O W : P L A N , S H O W I N G R E L AT I O N S H I P T O S T R E ET COR N ER .
R I GH T: SL I CES CU T T H R OU GH T H E N A R R OW B A R OF M E ET I N G R O O M S T O I N V I T E I N T H E N E I G H B O R H O O D .
84
The random mi x of t eal , orange, and gray bri cks set i n t he j umbo bri ck wal l s marks t he begi nni ng of Mi l l er / Hul l ’s expl orat i on of col or i n t hei r work. The suggest i on f or col or came f rom communi t y meet i ngs hel d duri ng t he desi gn process. Thi s i nput was key i n bui l di ng l ocal support and t i es t o t he nei ghborhood. Publ i c art , f rom t he i coni c f i gures i n ni ches i n t he hal l way t o t he col l ect i on of quot at i ons i nscri bed i n t he ri sers of t he pl aza st ai r, i s f ul l y i ncorporat ed i nt o t he bui l di ng desi gn. Part of Seat t l e’s one-percent -f or-art program, i t i s of symbol i c i mport ance t o t he communi t y. The communi t y cent er ext ends an open i nvi t at i on t o t he nei ghborhood, maki ng t he pl ace a f ul crum f or revi t al i zat i on.
L E F T : T H E D E SI G N R E C A L L S T H E L O C A L V E R N A C U L A R O F SI M P L E S H E D S A N D T I M B E R M I L L S .
B E L O W : S O U T H E L E VAT I O N
Ol ympi c Co l l e ge She l t on, W a shi n g t on 19 9 5
Wi t h an ani mat ed vol ume, monol i t hi c roof , and def t handl i ng of mat eri al s Mi l l er / Hul l achi eves a physi cal presence f or Ol ympi c Col l ege i n Shel t on wort hy of i t s symbol i c rol e i n a st ruggl i ng t i mber-worki ng communi t y. Bef ore t he col l ege was bui l t young peopl e l ef t t own t o get a secondary educat i on — of t en never t o ret urn. Onl y t hrough donat i ons of cedar si di ng and gl u-l am beams f rom one t i mber company, a f ree wooded 2 7 acre si t e f rom anot her company, and servi ces f rom several
l ocal
busi nesses, was t he economi cal l y
pressed t own of Shel t on abl e t o bui l d t hi s sat el l i t e communi t y col l ege. Of t he $ 1 .4 mi l l i on const ruct i on budget , over $ 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 was rai sed by t he t own and mat ched by Ol ympi c Col l ege; t he bal ance came f rom donat i on of servi ces and proj ect s. Mi l l er / Hul l wove t hese di sparat e resources i nt o a coherent whol e, t o creat e a desi gn t hat i n 1 9 9 8 won a Nat i onal AI A Honor Award. Envi ronment al and budget concerns f ormed cri t i cal el ement s of Mi l l er / Hul l ’s campus mast er pl an, det er-
87
L E F T : FA C U LT Y O F F I C E S O C C U P Y T H E E X T E R I O R C I R C U L AT I O N P AT H S L I N K I N G C L A S S R O O M S .
B EL OW : A COL L EGE N EST L ED I N T H E PA CI F I C N ORT H WEST WOOD S
mi ni ng t he bui l di ngs’ l ocat i ons and t hei r compact f oot pri nt s. Locat ed on a f l at swat h of l and, t he l ong, narrow f orm of Phase I cut s t he si t e, organi zi ng i t i n one si mpl e st ep. To t he nort h, a bi o-f i l t rat i on swal e t reat s st orm wat er run-of f f rom t he parki ng l ot and creat es a l andscape buf f er bet ween bui l di ng and cars. On t he sout h, an i nf ormal campus “ quadrangl e” i s del i neat ed by t he bui l di ng, t he hi l l s, and woods. Phase I I , pl anned f or t he west ern edge of t he si t e paral l el t o t he mai n road, wi l l f urt her def i ne t he heart of t he campus. Whi l e t he l i mi t ed budget requi red a modest f orm, t he expansi ve roof gi ves t he proj ect a l arger presence t han i t s 8 ,0 0 0 square f eet mi ght suggest . Faci ng t he mai n road, t he roof shel t ers a doubl e-hei ght porch support ed by a dramat i c “ V” of st eel pi pes t hat creat es an i dent i f i abl e publ i c i mage f or t he col l ege. Al ong t he quad on t he sout h si de of t he bui l di ng, t he roof cant i l evers t wel ve f eet out over t he ext eri or ci rcul at i on bet ween cl assrooms. Facul t y of f i ces, devel oped as di scret e volumes, punctuate the classroom wall, articu-
L EF T: CL A SSR OOM
B EL OW : F L OOR P L A N S
4
14
1 COVE R E D E N T R Y
2 L OB B Y
4 S T U D E N T L OU N GE 7 L A B O R AT O R Y 4
13
1 1 JAN I T OR
8 OF F I CE
1 2 T OI L E T
1 5 P L AY G R O U N D
3 A D M I N I S T R AT I O N
5 CON F E R E N CE R OOM 9 D AY C A R E
1 3 S T OR AGE
1 6 VE N D I N G
6 CL AS S R OOM
1 0 C O V E R E D P L AY 1 4 M E CH AN I CAL
1 7 COVE R E D PAS S AGE
14 13 5 3 1
13
6
2
13
14
6
7
6
6
11 12
4
5 8
8
8
10
12
12
17
11
9
15
13
8 16
lating t hi s el evat i on and provi di ng a more i nt i mat e
12
10
doors add t o t he proj ect ’s buoyant , pop art sensi bi l i t y.
scal e. Over t he daycare cent er at t he rear of t he bui l di ng t he roof sl opes i n t he opposi t e di rect i on, up t oward
Mi l l er / Hul l achi eved vari et y wi t hi n a l i mi t ed mat eri al
t he woods, gi vi ng i t a separat e i dent i t y. The t wo roof s
pal et t e by j uxt aposi ng t he t ext ures of nat ural and
meet at an oversi zed scupper, wi t h chai ns sal vaged
manuf act ured wood product s. St ai ned hori zont al
f rom a l ocal naval yard hangi ng down i nt o a wel ded
bevel ed wood si di ng i s at t he bui l di ng’s base. Above
st eel cat ch basi n bel ow. Rai nwat er col l ect s and f l ows
are manuf act ured wood panel s pai nt ed a sat urat ed
down t he chai ns l i ke a wat erf al l .
puce green, whi ch i s accent ed by si l ky ci nnamon on t he ext eri or doors. Joi nt s bet ween panel s, compri sed
At t he daycare cent er, a wood l at t i cework covered wi t h
of overscal ed wood bat t ens, creat e a vert i cal rhyt hm.
t ransl ucent panel s screens a port i on of t he ext eri or
Met al hexagonal nut s — t he panel f ast eners — were l ef t
wal kway t o prot ect out door pl ay on rai ny days. On
unpai nt ed f or added t ext ure. The art i cul at ed det ai l i ng,
sunny days a bri ght yel l ow overhead door rol l s up t o
cont rast i ng t ext ures, and vi brant col ors t ransf orm t he
ext end t he t wo-st ory cl assroom i nt o t he pl ayground.
si mpl e shed of l ocal t i mber mi l l s i nt o a modern desi gn.
I nt eri or spaces are as compact and f l exi bl e as a shi p’s. Cl assrooms al so accommodat e communi t y and ci vi c f unct i ons. The mai n l obby cont ai ns admi ni st rat i ve of f i ces, a st udent l ounge, and a resource cent er. At dusk t he l obby’s l arge wi ndows, combi ned wi t h upl i ght i ng on t he undersi de of t he roof , make t he bui l di ng gl ow l i ke a camp l ant ern i n t he woods. Round windows in the end elevations and in the faculty’s office
91
R I G H T : W E S T E L E VAT I O N
B EL OW R I GH T: D OCK - L EVEL P L A N
Pa sse n ge r- Onl y Fe r r y Te r mi na l Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on— U nbui l t 19 9 5
92
On Seat t l e’s bust l i ng downt own wat erf ront , Col man
nal . Passengers walk down stairs and escalators to tick-
Dock i s t he mai n t ermi nal f or t he l arge f erri es t hat
eting in a double-hei ght l obby and t hen over a gang-
t raf f i c weekday commut ers — on f oot , on bi cycl es, or
pl ank t o a f l oat i ng dock. The proj ect ’s l arge shed roof
i n cars — across Puget Sound f rom i sl and resi dences
angl es down t o t race t he f l ow of passengers t hen can-
t o ci t y j obs. Mi l l er / Hul l ’s desi gn f or a 7 ,5 0 0 -square-
t i l evers up t o cover a wai t i ng area and as a gest ure t o
f oot t ermi nal was desi gned t o accommodat e t wo or
i ncomi ng f erri es. Concret e pi l i ngs cont i nue up f rom
t hree smal l passenger-onl y f erri es t o Vashon and ot her
under t he wat er t hrough t he bui l di ng t o support a
nei ghbori ng i sl ands. The proj ect was shel ved when t he
seri es of ei ght exposed st eel ki ng post t russes. A gl ass
f erry syst em deci ded t o expand t he number of vessel s
curt ai n wal l al l ows uni nt errupt ed vi ews of t he bay. I n
beyond t he capaci t y of t he t i ght si t e. Even t hough
a bar on t he mezzani ne l evel , San Franci sco art i st
unbui l t , t he desi gn i s i nt erest i ng f or Mi l l er / Hul l ’s han-
Paul Koss desi gned a l arge vi deo di spl ay of i mages of
dl i ng of compl ex ci rcul at i on pat t erns and i t s abst ract
boat t raf f i c on El l i ot t Bay l i nked t o a naut i cal radar
mari t i me aest het i c.
ant enna on t op of t he bui l di ng. Out si de, a cl ock t ower (housi ng an el evat or) and a vi ewi ng deck on a moori ng
The proposed t ermi nal proj ect s i nt o El l i ot t Bay on t he
dol phi n are part of a new publ i c space al ong t he
nort h si de of Col man Dock and shares i t s upper l evel
wat erf ront .
concourse. Pedest ri ans arri ve vi a a sky bri dge t hat begi ns at grade on Fi rst Avenue several bl ocks away and, as t he ci t y sl opes down t o t he wat erf ront , crosses above busy st reet s t o t he upper l evel of t he t ermi -
L E F T : D R AW I N G O F P U G ET S O U N D C O N C O U R S E A N D D OCK
R I GH T: M OD EL S OF SH ED R OOF A N GL I N G D OWN F R OM U P P E R - L E V E L C O N C O U R S E T O T H E WAT E R .
L E F T T O P A N D B O T T O M : O V E R S C A L E D R O O F, L I N E A R B A R , A N D GL OB E D EF I N E T H E P L A Z A .
B E L O W : A I R D R AW N O V E R A P O O L A N D T H R O U G H P I P E S I S C O O L E D , T H E N D I S C H A R G E D U N D E R T H E S H E D R O O F.
Envi r onme n t a l Pa vi l i on S umme r Ol ympi c s At l a n t a , Ge o r g i a — U n b u i l t 1 9 9 6
Mi l l er / Hul l 's reput at i on f or sust ai nabl e archi t ect ure
berm. The mass of t he berm cool s t he ai r as i t t ravel s
l ed t o an i nvi t at i on t o desi gn t he Envi ronment al
t he l engt h of t he pi pes and i t t hen di scharges under
Pavi l i on f or t he 1 9 9 6 Summer Ol ympi cs i n At l ant a. A
t he roof t o nat ural l y cool t he space. Phot ovol t ai c pan-
short f al l i n corporat e sponsorshi p prevent ed i t s real -
el s on t he roof power t he f aci l i t y i ncl udi ng a l arge pro-
i zat i on, yet i t i s val uabl e t o present because of t he
j ect i on screen al ong t he promenade di spl ayi ng envi -
exaggerat ed roof — a compel l i ng voi ce f or green
ronment al messages and updat es on t he Games. A spi -
desi gn. I t al so draws an audi ence by creat i ng a cool
ral st ai rcase pai red wi t h an el evat or t akes vi si t ors up
ref uge f rom t he heat al ong a maj or pedest ri an prome-
i nt o t he gl obe of recycl ed nyl on f abri c over a st eel
nade l i nki ng at hl et i c event s.
st ruct ure t hat f l oat s over t he pl aza i n a grove of t rees. I nsi de, mul t i medi a present at i ons proj ect on t he
The overscal ed shed roof i s one of f our el ement s t hat
curved cei l i ng. For a l onger l i f e t han t he Ol ympi cs, t he
def i nes an ext eri or pl aza i ncl udi ng a st raw bal e berm
roof i s demount abl e f or reuse as a bandst and or pi cni c
on t he west , a bar cont ai ni ng an i nt ernat i onal f ood
shel t er i n a ci t y park.
court on t he nort h, and a gl obe cont ai ni ng a conf erence cent er on t he east . The roof , a combi nat i on of recycl ed st eel beams and paral am wood j oi st s, shades an area f or exhi bi t s and t abl es f or t he caf e. Ai r i s drawn over a ci rcul ar pool and t hrough pre-cast concret e pi pes embedded i n t he st raw bal e ret ai ned eart h
97
B E L O W : E A S T E L E VAT I O N
R I G H T : T H R E E - S T O R Y P O R C H C R E AT E S A S T R O N G B U I L D I N G I D E N T I T Y.
N W Fe de r a l Cre di t U ni on Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on 19 9 6
98
I n t he NW Federal Credi t Uni on, l ocat ed on Seat t l e’s nort hern peri phery, Mi l l er / Hul l combi ned sust ai nabl e pri nci pl es wi t h
market -dri ven
consi derat i ons.
A
st one’s t hrow f rom t he i nt erst at e, t he si t e i s screened f rom a cemet ery by a row of cedar and pi ne t rees. The proj ect ’s grand porch gest ures t o t he communi t y and creat es an i ndependent i dent i t y f or a f ederal empl oyee servi ce t ypi cal l y subsumed i n government bui l di ngs. At 4 0 ,0 0 0 square f eet i t i ncl udes a branch bank, admi ni st rat i ve of f i ces, and t enant space i nt o whi ch t he credi t uni on wi l l expand. The desi gn’s scal e, art i cul at i on, and t ransparency def i ne a new t ype of urbani sm among t he det ri t us of shoppi ng mal l s, undi st i ngui shed of f i ce parks, and f ast f ood rest aurant s. The l ong, narrow bui l di ng’s mai n axi s runs east t o west , f aci l i t at i ng cross vent i l at i on and t he penet rat i on of daylight into the interior. For visibility from the road, t he branch bank i s on t he east end of t he bui l di ng. A wi ndow wal l shaded by a f l oat i ng met al roof creat es a t hree-st ory porch f or t he bank and di st i ngui shes i t f rom t he of f i ce space. The roof edge proj ect s at an angl e away f rom t he f acade, and a col onnade of cant -
L E F T : S U S T A I N A B L E F E AT U R E S I N C L U D E D A Y L I G H T I N G , E N E R G Y- E F F I C I E N T M E C H A N I C A L S Y S T E M S , A N D R E C Y C L E D M AT E R I A L S .
B E L O W : SI T E D I A G R A M I L L U S T R AT I N G S U S T A I N A B L E P R I N CI P L ES
ed st eel col umns st eps out t o f ol l ow i t t o emphasi ze
whi t e bounce dayl i ght f art her i nsi de. Each l arge,
t he ent ry. On t he east el evat i on, concret e wal l s brack-
sout h-f aci ng wi ndow has a sunscreen of st eel grat i ng
et a t wo-st ory wi ndow wal l and ext end up t o t he para-
set i n t ube st eel f rames on t he ext eri or and an i nt eri -
pet , creat i ng a publ i c scal e. Wrappi ng t he of f i ce bl ock
or met al l i ght shel f f or gl are cont rol and t o boost t he
i s a cast -i n-pl ace concret e base wi t h a pl ast er wal l at
penet rat i on of dayl i ght . Phot o-sensors di m art i f i ci al
t he second f l oor. Pi l ast ers mark t he st ruct ural bays
l i ght s when nat ural l i ght l evel s are suf f i ci ent . To draw
and ext end up t o t he roof ; t hei r t ermi nat i on creat es a
out dayt i me heat and i mprove i ndoor ai r qual i t y, an
crenel l at ed parapet i nf i l l ed wi t h met al rai l i ng, f ormi ng
energy-ef f i ci ent mechani cal syst em wi t h a ni ght f l ush-
a ki nd of modern corni ce.
i ng cycl e pumps cool eveni ng ai r t hrough t he bui l di ng whi l e exhaust i ng ai rborne cont ami nant s. Operabl e
The mai n ent ry i s a t wo-st ory l obby bet ween t he bank
wi ndows on t he t hi rd f l oor al l ow nat ural vent i l at i on i n
and of f i ces. A super-graphi c of a one-dol l ar bi l l domi -
t he t rai ni ng rooms and l unchroom. Throughout t he
nat es t he wal l al ong a generous st ai rcase connect i ng
proj ect , embodi ed energy and recycl ed cont ent were
the first and second floors. Down the middle of the open
key i ssues i n t he sel ect i on of mat eri al s; t he st ruct ural
of f i ce space i s a sol i d core cont ai ni ng f unct i ons that
f rame i s recycl ed st eel , t he cast -i n-pl ace concret e
need enclosure — private offices, conference areas, and
cont ai ns f l y ash admi xt ures, and t he gypsum board
comput er rooms — l eavi ng t he peri met er open. On t he
wal l s, f i bergl ass bat t i nsul at i on, and cei l i ng t i l es al l
part i al t hi rd f l oor are t rai ni ng rooms, showers f or bi cy-
have recycl ed cont ent . Mi l l er / Hul l combi nes dayl i ght -
cl e commut ers, and an ai ry sout h-f aci ng l unchroom
i ng, energy-ef f i ci ent mechani cal syst ems, and nat ural
and out door deck wi t h t reet op vi ews of downt own.
vent i l at i on t o reduce t he bui l di ng’s energy draw t hi rt y percent bel ow st ri ngent st at e requi rement s. Al l t hi s i n
The of f i ce spaces have hi gh cei l i ngs; exposed l i ght wei ght st eel t russ j oi st s and met al decki ng pai nt ed
t urn makes a generi c proj ect much more expressi ve.
101
L E F T : I N SI D E , A L I G H T S H E L F B O U N C E S D A Y L I G H T I N T O T H E OF F I CE SPA CE
B E L O W : E X T E R I O R WA L L S E C T I O N AT S U N S C R E E N
R I G H T : S U N S C R E E N O F T U B E S T E E L A N D M ET A L G R AT I N G .
102
L E F T : L A Y E R S O F M AT E R I A L S A R T I C U L AT E T H E S T R E ET FA CA D E.
B E L O W : W E S T E L E VAT I O N
La k e W a shi n g t on S c hoo l Di st r i c t Re sou r c e Ce n t e r Re d m o n d , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 7
Wi t h t he new headquart ers f or t he Lake Washi ngt on
Mi l l er / Hul l organi zes t he 5 5 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot proj ect
School Di st ri ct , Mi l l er / Hul l t ackl ed t he di l emma of
i nt o t wo di st i nct vol umes t hat ref l ect t he di f f erences
pl aci ng a publ i c bui l di ng i n t he onl y i dent i f i abl e cen-
i n program and l ocat i on on t he si t e. Front i ng t he mai n
t er of a suburban communi t y: an open ai r shoppi ng
shoppi ng st reet al ong t he sout h i s an urban t hree-st ory
cent er. Connect ed t o Seat t l e by a f l oat i ng bri dge
of f i ce bl ock t hat consol i dat es t he school di st ri ct ’s
across Lake Washi ngt on, Redmond Town Cent er kni t s
admi ni st rat i ve st af f . Al ong t he west i s a wedge of cor-
1 .5 -mi l l i on square f eet of ret ai l , of f i ces, and hot el
rugat ed met al si di ng and wi ndow wal l cont ai ni ng t he
space i nt o t he ol d mai n st reet area by ext endi ng t he
t rai ni ng area and a commons space t hat connect s i t t o
st reet gri d and t he pedest ri an scal e. For t he progres-
t he admi ni st rat i on bl ock. The vast sl ope of st andi ng-
si ve school di st ri ct , t he l ocat i on i s i deal f or f orgi ng
seam met al roof begi ns l ow of f a modest ent ry on t he
connect i ons t o t he communi t y, and f or provi di ng
nort h end and ri ses t o a doubl e-hei ght porch on t he
space f or t he Parent Teacher Associ at i on, school
sout h t o f i t t he one l evel pi ece up agai nst t he t hree-
board meet i ngs, a l i brary f or t eachers and parent s,
st ory bl ock.
and cent ral i zed admi ni st rat i on. I t i s al so t he el ect roni c i nf ormat i on hub f or t he di st ri ct ’s st udent run-web-
The mai n ent ry i s under t he f ront porch of f t he mai n
si t e and accompanyi ng comput er t rai ni ng cl assrooms.
st reet and i nt o a doubl e-hei ght commons area. The
Wi t h a nod t o t he shoppi ng cent er’s gui del i nes,
bri ck cl addi ng t he ext eri or unwraps here reveal i ng t he
Mi l l er / Hul l bends t he rul es wi t h a concret e f rame,
concret e col umns and t he second l evel admi ni st rat i ve
f l oat i ng pl anes of bri ck, and an art i cul at ed ski n t o di s-
area above t he l obby. A grand st ai r and bal cony i nvi t e
t i ngui sh a ci vi c bui l di ng i n t he mi dst of a mal l .
vi si t ors t o t he upper f l oor di st ri ct of f i ces. On t he f i rst
105
L E F T : T H E O F F I C E B L O C K A L I G N S W I T H T H E S T R E ET; T H E T R A I N I N G R OOM WED GE F I T S A M ON G T R EES.
R I G H T : A N O P E N S T A I R WA Y T O S E C O N D - F L O O R D I ST R I CT OF F I CES
FA R L EF T: T R A I N I N G R OOM S, CON N ECT ED B Y A N I N T E R I O R S T R E ET, H A V E G E N E R O U S O U T D O O R V I E W S .
L E F T : C U R T A I N WA L L S E C T I O N
L E F T B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
f l oor, a f ront desk and a l i brary f or t eachers and par-
al s of t he cent er — i s reveal ed at corners and edges,
ent s si t i n t he open corner of t he admi ni st rat i ve bl ock
emphasi zi ng t hat i t i s a pl ane hung f rom an exposed
wi t h t he commons beyond. I t i s a vi brant i nt eri or
concret e f rame and not a beari ng wal l . A l i ght st eel
st reet where mul t i pl e act i vi t i es f or t he publ i c, parent s,
and gl ass rai n canopy bal ances on a l arge st eel t ube,
school board, t eachers, and st udent s come t oget her.
whi ch runs t he l engt h of t he st oref ront and i s hung on
Al ong t he west wal l are mul t i -purpose and conf erence rooms.
f i ne st eel rods. The l arge openi ngs i n t he bri ck ski n
Wood-cl ad cabanas cont ai ni ng meet i ng rooms and a ki t chen
cent er on t he st ruct ural f rame, reveal i ng a concret e
punct uat e t he wi ndow-wal l on t he east . A gl azed
col umn wi t h wi ndows on ei t her si de. These openi ngs
garage door rol l s up t o al l ow t he l obby t o f l ow out ont o
al t ernat e wi t h smal l yel l ow-f ramed operabl e wi ndows
a pat i o and a st and of cent ury-ol d cedars.
across t he f ront el evat i on. At t he t hi rd f l oor, t he f acade st eps back t o a met al and gl ass mansard wi t h
I n t he art i cul at i on of t he l ayers of t he admi ni st rat i ve
a st eel t rel l i s, provi di ng t ext ure and i nt erest at t he
bl ock’s ski n, Mi l l er / Hul l gi ves t he st oref ront s t ypi cal
roof l i ne. Through t he det ai l i ng of t he ext eri or wal l ,
of t he regi on’s nei ghborhood shoppi ng di st ri ct s a
Mi l l er / Hul l
moderni st t wi st . The composi t i on of t he f acade i s
mi ni mum dept h.
st rai ght f orward: a pedest ri an-ori ent ed ground f l oor wi t h ext ensi ve gl azi ng and a prot ect i ve rai n awni ng, a sol i d mi ddl e zone punct uat ed by wi ndows, and a corni ce at t he roof l i ne. The di f f erence l i es i n t he det ai l i ng. The dept h of t he red bri ck — t he pri mary mat eri -
achi eves
maxi mum
art i cul at i on
in
109
B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
R I G H T : I N F O R M AT I O N P A V I L I O N AT T H E E N T R Y O R I E N T S V I SI T O R S .
Ta hom a N a t i ona l Ce me t e r y Ke n t , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 7
110
Buri al s at nat i onal cemet eri es are hi ghl y mechani zed processes. Servi ces t ake pl ace i n open-ai r commi t t al shel t ers and af t erwards f orkl i f t s posi t i on t hree or f our casket s at a t i me i n underground vaul t s. Wi t hi n t hese paramet ers Mi l l er / Hul l creat es i n t he Tahoma Nat i onal Cemet ery a di st i nct i vel y regi onal cemet ery, by ori ent i ng t he desi gn t oward woods, wet l ands, and vi ews. A ceremoni al dri ve creat ed by l andscape archi t ect s Jongej an Gerrard McNeal organi zes t he 1 6 0 -acre f orest ed si t e al ong an axi s, l i nki ng a f ormal f l ag pl aza t o t he 1 4 ,4 1 0 -f oot summi t of nearby Mount Rai ni er. A connect i on t o nat ure i s evi dent t hroughout t he cemet ery, mi t i gat i ng t he i nherent di chot omy i n a proj ect t hat i s t he most overt l y symbol i c of Mi l l er / Hul l ’s work and al so t he most rest ri ct i ve programmat i cal l y.
L E F T : T H E C O M M I T T A L S H E LT E R S SI T A M O N G L A R G E F I R S .
B EL OW : A L A R GE WI N D OW P R OVI D ES A B A CK D R OP F OR F U N ER A L SERVI CES.
Tahoma Nat i onal Cemet ery i s t went y-f i ve mi l es sout h of Seat t l e i n an area where f arml and i s t urni ng over t o housi ng devel opment s. The gat eway i nt o t he cemet ery begi ns on axi s wi t h t he f l ag pavi l i on but curves t o t he l ef t t oward a publ i c i nf ormat i on pavi l i on. The 1 ,2 3 0 square-f oot st ruct ure di vi des i nt o t wo symmet ri cal pi eces — one t ransparent , t he ot her opaque — under a gabl e met al roof . On t he sout h end st eel sash wi ndows encl ose a wai t i ng area sei smi cal l y braced by st eel cabl es and anchored on a l ow st one wal l . On t he nort h, t he vol cani c st one wal l s encl ose publ i c rest rooms. An open-ai r breezeway l i nks t he t wo spaces and cont ai ns a comput er t ermi nal t o l ocat e a servi ce, grave, or urn. Al i gned wi t h t he bui l di ng’s cross axi s t hrough t he breezeway are t hree col umbari ums. The concret e ni ches wi t h marbl e covers wi l l event ual l y cont ai n t he cremat ed remai ns of 1 3 ,0 0 0 vet erans.
B E L O W : SI T E P L A N S H O W I N G T H E I N F O R M AT I O N PAVI L I ON WI T H T H E COL U M B A R I U M S.
R I G H T : B A S A LT F O R T H E P A V I L I O N ’ S WA L L S WA S QU A R R I ED F R OM M OU N T R A I N I ER .
114
On t he east si de of t he i nf ormat i on pavi l i on i s t he
anot her l ayer of det ai l and t ext ure t o t he shel t er. The
cort ege assembl y area, and f rom t here t he road l i nks
wi ndow si t s on a l ow wal l of porous bl ack rock quar-
ont o a t raf f i c ci rcl e at t he sout hern end of t he cere-
ri ed on Mount Rai ni er; i t f orms a l edge f or f l owers,
moni al axi s t hat t ermi nat es at t he f l ag pavi l i on t o t he
phot ographs, and mement os. The mai n st ruct ure i s
nort h. On ei t her si de of t he dri ve, t he edge of t he
composed of exposed st eel pi pe col umns and beams
woods expands and cont ract s around meadows con-
wi t h wood raf t ers and wood decki ng on t op. Out si de
t ai ni ng 7 4 ,0 0 0 gravesi t es. A seri es of unobt rusi ve
t he pavi l i on an ei ght -f oot st one wal l def i nes a smal l
cont rol markers ori ent vi si t ors t o speci f i c graves.
support bui l di ng housi ng t he sound syst em, ut i l i t i es, and chai r st orage. From each area a pat h l eads i nt o
From t he f l ag pl aza, t he dri ve l oops east t hrough t he
t he woods i nvi t i ng personal cont empl at i on. The j uxt a-
dense f orest t o t wo of t he f our pl anned commi t t al
posi t i ons of t ransparency and sol i di t y, rough and
shel t ers. Mi ni mal archi t ect ural el ement s def i ne t he
smoot h, t he nat ural and t he man-made creat e a pl ace
open-ai r st ruct ures: a met al gabl e roof , a st one wal l ,
t hat i s i mmedi at e and i nt i mat e as wel l as ref i ned and
and a st eel wi ndow screeni ng one end. The wi ndow
di gni f i ed.
i mpart s di rect i on t o t he space, f ocusi ng i t on a casket , a speaker, or t he t ranqui l vi ew of f i r t rees beyond. Mi l l er / Hul l al so uses t he wi ndow as a way t o add
L EF T: T R A N SPA R EN T P ORT H OU SE H A S U N OB ST R U CT ED VI EWS OF EXT ER I OR I N SP ECT I ON A R EA S.
B E L O W : E A R LY D I A G R A M S
Poi n t Robe r t s Bor de r S t a t i on P o i n t Ro b e r t s , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 7
I n 1 8 4 6 t he Oregon Treat y drew t he Canadi an border
el ement s — a port house, a mai n i nspect i on area, and a
al ong t he 4 9 t h paral l el cut t i ng of f t he sout hern t i p of
secondary inspection area — each with specific require-
Bri t i sh Col umbi a and maki ng Poi nt Robert s Uni t ed
ment s regardi ng vi si bi l i t y i nt o and f rom ot her spaces.
St at es t erri t ory. To reach t hi s f our-square-mi l e appen-
Border agent s must be abl e t o survey t he t wo out door
di x of l and, U.S. ci t i zens must ent er Canada, dri ve
i nspect i on areas f rom t he port house. The st at i on must
around Boundary Bay, and t hen re-ent er at t he Poi nt
also, however, house secure areas within the porthouse
Robert s border st at i on. Of t he peni nsul a’s 1 2 ,0 0 0
cl oaked f rom publ i c vi ew. Mi l l er / Hul l t ransl at ed t hese
f ul l -t i me resi dent s, sevent y percent are Canadi ans who
requi rement s i nt o t hree separat e spaces — a sol i d bar,
commut e dai l y t o j obs i n Vancouver. When i ncreasi ng
a t ransparent observat i on space, and t wo l arge
t raf f i c overwhel med t he exi st i ng 1 9 5 0 s pre-f abri cat ed
canopi es — t hat have varyi ng degrees of t ransparency.
boot h, t he General Servi ces Admi ni st rat i on deci ded t o make i t s repl acement t he f i rst border st at i on commi s-
The port house i s t he mai n i nt eri or space cont ai ni ng
si oned under a new desi gn excel l ence program t o rai se
of f i ces, secure areas, and a publ i c i nf ormat i on area
t he qual i t y of f ederal archi t ect ure: t he proj ect won a
wi t h a basement bel ow. The east f acade of t he bar i s
Nat i onal AI A Honor Award i n 2 0 0 0 . Mi l l er / Hul l creat -
t he bui l di ng’s most opaque, cl ad i n wood-bat t en si d-
ed a st eel -and-gl ass gat eway as equal l y at ease i n t he
i ng wi t h a f ew punched openi ngs and cont ai ni ng pri -
f orest as i t i s at proj ect i ng a f ederal presence.
vat e of f i ces, hol di ng cel l s, and ot her secure areas. Paral l el i ng Tyee Dri ve, i t screens t raf f i c wai t i ng t o
The 1 2 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot proj ect i s 2 0 0 f eet sout h of
cross at t he Canadi an border st at i on. Runni ng al ong
t he border across a smal l l awn f rom t he boxy, st ucco
t he port house’s west f ace i s an encl osed st eel and
Canadi an checkpoi nt . I t has t hree di st i nct program
gl ass porch housi ng open of f i ce space, a desk f rom
117
R I G H T T O P A N D B O T T O M : W E S T A N D E A S T E L E VAT I O N S
CEN T ER : M A I N I N SP ECT I ON A R EA I S P ER P EN D I CU L A R T O T H E P ORT H OU SE; A SECON D A RY CA N OP Y A N GL ES T O T H E SOU T H .
L EF T: ST EEL COL U M N S SU P P ORT T H E GL A Z ED EN T RY P OR CH .
B EL OW : CA B L ES M OOR T H E CA N OP I ES T O T H E GR OU N D .
whi ch agent s moni t or t he cars out si de, and a l obby f or
f ree-st andi ng canopy i s suspended f rom a row of st eel
t he publ i c. Bi cycl i st s crossi ng t he border di smount
pi ers by a t ri angul at i on of cabl es t hat pi cks up i t s can-
and come i nsi de t o speak wi t h an agent . Perpendi cul ar
t i l evered edges and t hen t i e i t t o a st eel pl at e at t he
t o t he port house i s t he canopy coveri ng t he mai n
base.
i nspect i on area. A pul l -of f area f or f urt her i nspect i on l i es under a separat e canopy t hat angl es of f t he end of
The f orm of t he st at i on ari ses di rect l y f rom t he pro-
t he port house, al l owi ng agent s t o moni t or i t f rom
gram, i nst ead of an overarchi ng or preconcei ved i dea.
t here.
The desi gn’s st rengt h l i es i n t he di sj unct i on bet ween requi rement s. St eel “ K” -braci ng and skyl i ght s st i t ch
The t wo cabl e-st ayed st eel canopi es domi nat e t he
t he spl i t bet ween t he canopi es’ st ruct ure and t he wood
desi gn. A pai r of mast s st rung wi t h st eel cabl e pi ck up
port house t oget her, creat i ng a l ayered, t ransparent
t he 1 0 0 -f oot cant i l ever of t he mai n canopy as i t
space. The quest f or st ruct ural rat i onal i sm l eaves no
emerges f rom t he carapace of t he port house and soars
room f or overst at ement : t he proport i ons of t he beams,
up t o t he hi ghest poi nt over t he out si de t ruck l ane. To
t he pl acement of cabl es, and t he det ai l i ng of t he con-
resi st upl i f t , cabl es st ret ch down f rom t he canopy and
nect i ons are expressi ve wi t hout crossi ng i nt o manner-
moor i t t o t wo bol l ards at an i nspect i on boot h. As t he
i sm. The l ayers of st eel st ruct ure and gl ass def i ne an
canopy crosses over t he t op of t he port house i t not ch-
open st ruct ure t hat l i nks t ransparency t o a democrat -
es t o engage t he t wo di sparat e f orms. Thi s creat es an
i c soci et y.
open zone bi sect i ng t he port house cont ai ni ng t he lobby and a radio communication center before breaking through the back wall into a lunchroom. The secondary
121
L E F T : WA L L S E C T I O N AT M ET A L S L I D I N G D O O R
R I GH T: CL ER EST ORY WI N D OWS A N D R OOF M ON I T OR S B R I N G D AYL I GH T I N T O T H E GA R A GE.
N or t h Ki t sa p Tr a nspor t a t i on Ce n t e r Poul sbo, W a shi n g t on 19 9 7
122
Mi l l er / Hul l ’s school bus mai nt enance f aci l i t y i s a hubbub of act i vi t y on t he Ki t sap Peni nsul a j ust sout h of t he t i ny t own of Ki ngst on. I n rural areas l i ke t hi s, bus f aci l i t i es f orm t he backdrop f or t he dai l y i nt eract i ons bet ween parent s, t he di rect or of t ransport at i on, and bus di spat chers concerni ng ki ds, schedul es, and t he weat her. At t he same t i me, t he Ki t sap School Di st ri ct ’s 1 5 0 buses are washed, mai nt ai ned, and parked here. Typi cal l y, bus f aci l i t i es are bi g boxes wi t h space f or an of f i ce t acked on t he si de, but Mi l l er / Hul l acknowl edges t he bui l di ng’s rol e i n communi t y l i f e wi t h a desi gn t hat i s ut i l i t ari an yet ci vi c mi nded. The 2 0 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot bui l di ng si t s i n a meadow surrounded by t rees, a hal f -mi l e f rom t he rocky shores of Puget Sound. The bui l di ng’s st rai ght f orward Lshaped pl an i s ani mat ed by a seri es of sl opi ng roof pl anes t hat f l ut t er over t he f i ve-acre si t e. By al t ernat i ng t he di rect i on of t hei r sl ope, t he l arge shed roof s underscore t he di vi di ng l i ne t hat separat es peopl e and buses on t he l ong, narrow propert y. The subt l e mani pul at i on of t he bui l di ng sect i on breaks down t he mass and bri ngs nat ural l i ght deep i nsi de.
1 24
A f ront porch at t he sout h end of t he bui l di ng i s t he
I n t he garage, f i ve bus bays — each t went y-f eet -wi de
f i rst si ght t o greet t he publ i c and spares t hem a wade
by si xt y-f eet -deep — f orm a l arge vol ume hi gh enough
t hrough a sea of asphal t i n search of t he f ront door. At
t o accommodat e a school bus rai sed on a mechani c’s
t he porch’s gl azed ent ry, open web st eel j oi st s and
l i f t . Bracket i ng t he garage on ei t her end are speci f i c
st eel beams cont i nue t he st ruct ure out si de, emphasi z-
shops and mechani cs’ areas wi t h part s st orage i n mez-
i ng cont i nui t y bet ween t he i nt eri or and ext eri or. Set
zani nes above. Perpendi cul ar t o t he nort h end of t he
i nt o t he i nexpensi ve st oref ront wi ndow syst em are
bui l di ng are t hree addi t i onal bus bays — ori gi nal l y
hopper wi ndows f or nat ural vent i l at i on. Mi l l er / Hul l
desi gned as a second phase but bui l t cont emporane-
used t he operabl e panel s’ wi der mul l i ons as a compo-
ous wi t h t he f i rst phase — and a covered area f or bus
si t i onal el ement wi t hi n each st oref ront syst em t o
washi ng and f uel i ng. Garages general l y t end t o be dark
achi eve vari et y and i nt erest around t he bui l di ng.
and undesi rabl e work envi ronment s, but here cl erest o-
I nsi de, an open recept i on area l eads t o a cl ust er of
ry wi ndows and roof moni t ors al l ow t he penet rat i on of
of f i ces, a t rai ni ng room, and a l arge l unchroom.
nat ural l i ght i nt o each bus bay. Whi t e pai nt on t he
Tomat o-red marmol eum f l oors warm up t he i nt eri or’s
exposed st ruct ure and met al roof decki ng ref l ect s l i ght
exposed st eel st ruct ure, met al roof decki ng, and
i nsi de. Sl ot s i n t he rol l -up garage doors bri ng i n addi -
mechani cal duct s. A corrugat ed met al wal l demarcat es
tional light, and round vents above each door — boosted
t he heat ed port i on of t he bui l di ng f rom t he garage on
by a vehi cl e exhaust syst em — f aci l i t at e ai r ci rcul at i on.
t he ot her si de.
The proj ect ’s mat eri al s are durabl e and i nexpensi ve
A B O V E : A LT E R N AT I N G S L O P E D R O O F P L A N E S S U B T LY
but t he det ai l i ng i s ref i ned. The most i nt erest i ng
A N I M AT E A U T I L I T A R I A N B U I L D I N G .
exampl e of t hi s i s f ound i n how t he proj ect t urns t he corner f rom f i ve garage bays t o t hree at t he nort h end. The roof ext ends t o def i ne a f ourt h bay t hat overl aps t he mai n vol ume. Underneat h i s a l arge upper wi ndow on a one-st ory bl ock wal l . As i t t urns t he corner, t he bl ock wal l not ches down bef ore cont i nui ng past t o emphasi ze l i ght ness and t ransparency. I t ’s a subt l e and sophi st i cat ed gest ure vi si bl e t o f ew peopl e but demonst rat es Mi l l er / Hul l ’s commi t ment t o desi gn.
B EL OW : SECT I ON T H R OU GH M A I N GA R A GE WI T H B U S WA S H I N G F A C I L I T Y B E Y O N D
125
B E L O W : A N I N T E R I O R C O R R U G AT E D M ET A L WA L L D E M A R C AT E S T H E H E AT E D P O R T I O N O F T H E B U I L D I N G .
R I GH T: CH A I N L I N K F EN CE EN CL OSES A SECON D F L OOR M ECH A N I CA L SPA CE.
L EF T: OU T D OOR CON N ECT I ON S A R E ESSEN T I A L F OR
OVER L EA F : R A I N ON T H E R OOF I S R OU T ED I N T O
T H E L A B ’ S EN VI R ON M EN TA L I ST S.
D E M O N S T R AT I O N WAT E R T R E AT M E N T P O N D S .
B E L O W : E A R LY S T U D Y O F B U I L D I N G S E C T I O N
W a t e r Po l l u t i on Con t r o l La bor a t or y P o r t l a n d , Or e g o n 1 9 9 7
Li ke many ci t i es, Port l and’s st orm-wat er and sewage
Mi l l er / Hul l organi zed t he proj ect i n seven l ong bays
syst em share pi pes. Duri ng heavy rai ns t hey overf l ow
t hat al t ernat e sl oped pl anes wi t h st ri ps of mechani cal
i nt o t he Wi l l amet t e Ri ver t hat snakes t hrough down-
cores t hat proj ect up above t he roof t o conceal roof t op
t own. Mi l l er / Hul l ’s new Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
equi pment . The bays vary i n wi dt h, program, and
Laborat ory f or Port l and’s Bureau of Envi ronment al
t ransparency. The f i rst one paral l el s t he ri ver on t he
Servi ces i s part of a ci t y-wi de program t o t est , cont rol ,
west and i s t he most art i cul at ed; i t cont ai ns open
and reduce overf l ow whi l e rai si ng publ i c awareness of
admi ni st rat i ve of f i ce space, t he caf et eri a, and l arge
st orm-wat er runof f . The proj ect ’s el even-acre si t e i s
mul t i -purpose rooms. The roof begi ns over a grand
al ong a t en-mi l e-l ong ri versi de park and under t he
publ i c porch on t he sout h and sl opes up t oward t he
4 0 0 -f oot -t al l neogot hi c rampart s of t he St . John’s sus-
bri dge on t he nort h. The second bay i s an encl osed
pensi on bri dge. Across t he ri ver i s a hi l l si de commu-
t wo-st ory servi ce core cont ai ni ng st ai rs, rest rooms,
ni t y wi t h an aeri al vi ew of t he 4 0 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot
and pri vat e conf erence rooms. I t s vert i cal vol ume and
proj ect . I n t hi s cont ext , Mi l l er / Hul l t ook t he roof scape
f l at roof conceal mechani cal equi pment and provi de a
as t he st art i ng poi nt f or t he desi gn. They consi dered
vi sual break bet ween t he l arge sl opi ng pl ane over t he
i t s scenographi c qual i t y whi l e addressi ng t he not ori -
of f i ce bl ock and t he vast roof over t he l aborat ory. Four
ous amount of roof t op mechani cal equi pment t hat l ab-
adj oi ni ng bays cont ai n 1 5 ,0 0 0 -square-f eet of l abora-
orat ori es requi re. When i t rai ns t he roof i s a dramat i c
t ory covered by a l arge roof . I t st art s l ow on t he sout h
demonst rat i on of urban runof f as oversi zed scuppers
and sl opes up t o a doubl e-hei ght porch on t he nort h
pour rai nwat er i nt o a l andscaped t reat ment pond on
wi t h a t ext ured gri d of pyrami dal skyl i ght s st uddi ng
t he wat ersi de si t e.
t he corrugat ed met al . The l ast bay on t he east end i s
129
B E L O W : W E S T E L E VAT I O N
R I G H T : T H E F I R S T- F L O O R C A N O P Y I S H U N G F R O M A N D P R O P P E D U P B Y S T E E L B R A C K ET S
OVER L EA F : SK YL I GH T S A N D WI N D OWS B R I N G D AYL I G H T I N T O T H E L A B O R AT O R Y.
132
a t wo-st ory core cont ai ni ng sampl e recei vi ng areas, l ab
and bel ow an exposed st eel edge beam at t he second
support spaces, and a l oadi ng area on t he f i rst f l oor
f l oor. The exaggerat ed t ect oni cs of a sunshade at t he
and mechani cal syst ems f or t he l ab on t he second
roof l i ne emphasi zes t he l i ght ness and l ayeri ng of t he
f l oor. The roof ’s al t ernat i ng vert i cal vol umes and hori -
roof const ruct i on wi t h a narrow gap bet ween t he met al
zont al pl anes echo t he support s and spans of t he sus-
roof decki ng on cant i l evered st eel roof raf t ers bef ore
pensi on bri dge and t he exposed st eel f rame i s pai nt ed
f eat heri ng out t o t he f i ne met al gri l l e.
t he same grass green. I n t he l aborat ory Mi l l er / Hul l creat ed a l of t -l i ke space, The bui l di ng’s occupant s are envi ronment al i st s wi t h
wi t h si x i ndi vi dual work areas i n l arge nooks of f a wi de
an i nt erest i n sust ai nabl e archi t ect ure. Laborat ori es,
ci rcul at i on spi ne. A gri d of skyl i ght s overhead and
however, requi re caref ul cont rol s, whi ch make nat ural
l arge wi ndows on bot h ends of t he common area f aci l -
vent i l at i on syst ems i mpossi bl e. I nst ead, Mi l l er / Hul l
i t at e t he synergy of worki ng t oward a shared goal .
f ocused on t he open of f i ce space, pepperi ng t he bl ack
Duri ng t he day, vi si t ors vi ew t he i nner worki ngs of t he
gri d of t he wi ndow wal l wi t h a secondary syst em of
l ab t hrough l arge wi ndows i n a corri dor t hat ext ends
bright aluminum operable windows. A green light signals
t he l engt h of t he bui l di ng and ends at a gangpl ank
when the chiller is off and the windows can be opened.
over t he demonst rat i on f i l t rat i on pond. I n t he eveni ng
This glazed western elevation opens to views of the river
t he bui l di ng can be secured t o make t he l arge mul t i -
and i s prot ect ed by t he syncopat ed rhyt hm of a bri se-
purpose rooms avai l abl e f or communi t y meet i ngs. The
soleil. Shading the first floor is a metal grille alternately
l aborat ory’s porches and i nt egrat i on wi t h t he wat er-
hung f rom or propped up by st eel ki ckers, dependi ng
f ront park t ransf orm a ut i l i t ari an proj ect i nt o an oppor-
on t he l ocat i on of support i ng col umns st aggered above
t uni t y t o educat e t he publ i c.
L EF T: T H I S R EP R ESEN T S A N I M A GE CA P T I ON F OR T H E I M A GE ON T H E FA CI N G PA GE
B EL OW : T H I S R EP R ESEN T S A N I M A GE CA P T I ON F OR T H E I M A GE SH OW N B EL OW
135
B E L O W : N O R T H E L E VAT I O N
R I G H T : L - S H A P E D V I SI T O R C E N T E R A N D D A Y C A M P D EF I N E A N OU T D OOR R OOM .
Di sc ove r y Pa r k Vi si t or Ce n t e r Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on 19 9 7
136
I n t he earl y 1 9 0 0 s t he renowned l andscape archi t ect s
mai n bar and i nt o an exhi bi t area and out t o a doubl e-
t he Ol mst ed Brot hers of Brookl i ne, Massachuset t s,
hei ght gl azed porch f aci ng t he court yard. I nsi de, pub-
eyed t he Fort Lawt on mi l i t ary base on a bl uf f over-
l i c areas i ncl ude t he Di scovery Room f or chi l dren’s ori -
l ooki ng Puget Sound as part of t hei r mast er pl an f or
ent at i on, a l arge mul t i -purpose room, and a row of
Seat t l e’s parks syst em. I t t ook more t han si xt y years
cl assrooms. Of f i ces f or docent s and nat ural i st s are at
f or t hei r vi si on t o be real i zed; t he 5 2 7 acres of t i dal
t he west end of t he bui l di ng. Across t he out door space
beaches, st ands of nat i ve t rees, and meadowl ands
i s a separat e bui l di ng wi t h a row of f l exi bl e rooms
cl ose t o downt own became Di scovery Park i n 1 9 7 3 .
housi ng a chi l dren’s day camp i n t he summer and con-
Over t he years t he army’s presence had t aken an envi -
f erences and ret reat s t he rest of t he year.
ronment al t ol l on t he l and. Mi l l er / Hul l ’s Vi si t or Cent er pl ays a rol e i n t he park’s rest orat i on, as a pl ace t o ori -
The l arge shed roof over t he vi si t or’s cent er domi nat es
ent and educat e t he publ i c. Hi kers st art here t o l earn
t he desi gn. I t begi ns l ow on t he nort h f aci ng a smal l
about t he park’s f l ora and f auna bef ore headi ng out on
parki ng l ot and cl i mbs t o a doubl e-hei ght porch on t he
t he t rai l s f or a gl i mpse of bal d eagl es.
sout h. A pai r of t wo-st ory cedar-cl ad vol umes bookend t he el evat i on on t he east and west . A boxy one-st ory
The new 1 1 ,5 0 0 -square-f oot bui l di ng si t s i n t he f oot -
vol ume on t he f ront conceal s t he rest rooms and si g-
pri nt of a demol i shed army barrack. Mi l l er / Hul l
nal s t he mai n ent ry wi t h a f l oat i ng pl ane of can-
def i ned a sout h-f aci ng out door room by pl aci ng t wo
t i l evered roof . The recedi ng and proj ect i ng voi ds i n
narrow bars perpendi cul ar t o each ot her t o f orm an
combi nat i on wi t h t he roof s recal l t he l ayered t rans-
“ L” f aci ng a grassy hi l l ock and wal l of pi nes. The
parency of f orest undergrowt h. Vi si t ors f ol l ow t he ri se
Vi si t or Cent er’s ent ry i s t hrough t he east end of t he
of t he shed roof as t hey wal k under t he l ow eaves on
L E F T : T H E W O O D E N C E I L I N G G I V E S WA Y T O T R A N S L U C E N T PA N EL S F R OM T H E L OB B Y T O T H E P OR CH .
B EL OW : P OR CH , OP EN A N D EN CL OSED T H E L EN GT H OF TH E B U ILDIN G
B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
R I G H T : O P E N W O O D E N L AT T I C E L A C E S S T E E L C O L U M N S T O G ET H E R .
F A R R I G H T : A L E A F C A S T I N C O N C R ET E
140
t he nort h, t hrough t he exhi bi t space, and out i nt o
t he canopy on t he f ront of t he bui l di ng and t he ones
porch al ong t he back of t he bui l di ng. At t he porch t he
on each end, t ube st eel bracket s are spl i ced and wel d-
wood roof changes t o t ransl ucent panel s, exposi ng t he
ed t o semi -ci rcul ar st eel pl at es set i n t he wood si di ng.
wood j oi st s support ed by a col onnade of exposed st eel
The bracket s hol d al of t anot her t ube st eel beam t hat
st ruct ure. A sect i on of t he porch at t he exhi bi t space
cant i l evers beyond t he edge of t he roof , addi ng a
i s gl azed, creat i ng an i ndoor /out door gat heri ng spot at
sense of buoyancy t o t he assembl y. Thi s l i ght ness con-
t he t rai l head.
t i nues i n t he det ai l i ng of t he porch al ong t he sout h where pai rs of wi de f l ange col umns t ake t he pl ace of
The Vi si t or Cent er’s broad roof s and woodsy mat eri al
a si ngl e col umn member, al l owi ng a decrease i n t he
pal et t e recal l t he nat i onal park servi ce bui l di ngs t hat
st ruct ure’s si ze. Hori zont al and di agonal t ube st eel
dot t he Ameri can West , but Mi l l er / Hul l ’s graphi c sen-
braci ng and an open wood l at t i ce l ace t he col umns
si bi l i t y st akes out new t erri t ory. Part of t hi s i s due t o
t oget her vi sual l y and st ruct ural l y. The l ayeri ng of
t he overscal ed cedar si di ng t hat f orms a t wo-part sys-
mat eri al s and st ruct ure f rom sol i d t o t ransparent ,
t em, combi ni ng a “ V” -groove sect i on wi t h drop si di ng
modul at es t he change i n scal e bet ween t he manmade
t o creat e a bi g modul e. Of f set t i ng t he nat ural grai n
and t he nat ural and bl urs t he di st i nct i on bet ween
and col or of t he cedar si di ng are puce green panel s of
i nsi de and out drawi ng peopl e i nt o t he real cl assroom:
medi um-densi t y f i berboard wi t h wood bat t ens coveri ng
t he park.
t he seams. The moment where t he proj ect di verges f rom t he vernacul ar i nt o t he modern l i es i n t he st eel det ai l i ng. At
L E F T : T H E SI T E R E C L A I M E D A R O C K Q U A R R Y O N T H E O R E G O N C O A S T.
B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
Ya qui na H e a d I n t e r pre t i ve Ce n t e r N e w p o r t , Or e g o n 1 9 9 7
An anci ent l ava f l ow hi t col d ocean wat er f ormi ng Yaqui na Head on t he Oregon Coast . Today i t i s home t o a 1 2 6 -year-ol d l i ght house and i s a pri me vant agepoi nt f or vi ewi ng mi grat i ng gray whal es. Ori gi nal l y desi gned t o crest a cl i f f above t he beach, t he i nt erpret i ve cent er was rel ocat ed — i n response t o l ocal resi dent s’ obj ect i ons and wi t h const ruct i on document s 7 5 percent compl et e — t o a recl ai med rock quarry on t he 1 0 0 -acre preserve. Wi t h l i mi t ed f unds and t i me avai l abl e f or redesi gn, t he 1 8 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot bui l di ng bears a f ew puzzl i ng remnant s i nt ended f or i t s ori gi nal l ocat i on. Wi ndows meant t o draw vi si t ors out si de ont o a grand porch wi t h Paci f i c vi ews now f ace a 1 0 0 -f oot -t al l basal t cl i f f . Whi l e Mi l l er / Hul l rues t he change i n si t e, t hei r desi gn f or Yaqui na Head proves resi l i ent — t hanks, i n part , t o i t s st rai ght f orward scheme. Two rect angul ar concret e vol umes — one cont ai ni ng t he exhi bi t i on space and t he ot her admi ni st rat i ve f unct i ons — si t at a sl i ght angl e t o each ot her. I n t he space bet ween, t he l obby opens
143
B E L O W : E A R LY S K ET C H
R I GH T: L OB B Y OP EN S T O A D OU B L E- H EI GH T P OR CH ON T H E N ORT H .
F A R R I G H T : P O R C H , H E A V Y- T I M B E R F R A M I N G , A N D G L A S S W I N D O W WA L L F O R M A N O V E R H E A D S K Y L I G H T.
144
f rom t he mai n ent rance ont o a doubl e-hei ght porch l eadi ng t o t he t rai l head. I t s heavy-t i mber f rami ng and gl ass wi ndow wal l t urn t o f orm a skyl i ght overhead. Vi si t ors f eel as i f t hey st i l l have one f oot i n t he great out doors owi ng t o t he l obby’s exposed aggregat e f l oors and poured-i n-pl ace concret e wal l s. To pl ay up t he pl ast i c qual i t i es of concret e, t here are oversi zed cut s f or openi ngs i nt o a gi f t shop and a smal l audi t ori um. Two f ourt een-f oot -t al l Dougl as f i r doors banded wi t h t hi ck gusset pl at es rol l back f rom t he audi t ori um’s corner ent rance. A f ul l -scal e repl i ca of t he l i ght house’s l ant ern si gnal s t he l ocat i on of t he i nt erpret i ve exhi bi t s, whi ch were desi gned by Al dri ch Pears Associ at es, of Vancouver, Bri t i sh Col umbi a. I n cont rast t o t he art i cul at ed st ruct ure of t he l obby, t he 6 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot bl ack box i s an abst ract and t heat ri cal l y l i t space. The l i f e-si ze mural of a gray whal e and her cal f t hat covers a curved back wal l i s l i t wi t h f l i ckeri ng l i ght i ng t o add dept h. Out door exhi bi t s i ncl ude uni versal l y accessi bl e man-made t i dal pool s.
L E F T : S H E LT E R E D B E N C H AT T H E T R A I L H E A D
B E L O W : C O N C R ET E WA L L S , L O W S L U N G R O O F S , A N D C L I P P E D D ET A I L I N G F I T T H E S T O R M Y O C E A N SI T E .
Carved f rom t he quarry, t hese pool s t eem wi t h sea
Mi l l er / Hul l , i n mani pul at i ng t he scal e, i mbued a mod-
st ars, anemones, and crabs.
est proj ect wi t h a st rong vi sual presence. Oversi zed t wo-by-si x-i nch bat t ens gi ve t he vert i cal wood si di ng a
Out si de, t hi rt y-f oot t al l concret e wal l s def i ne t he t wo
l arge-grai n t ext ure agai nst t he heavy-t i mber and con-
mai n vol umes and f orm a parapet al ong t hei r l engt h.
cret e const ruct i on. Exaggerat ed roof scuppers j ut t i ng
The roof sl opes t oward t he short end of each box
overhead are a dynami c count erpoi nt t o t he t aut
where i t i nt ersect s t he concret e wal l i n an exaggerat -
rai sed-seam met al roof and cropped roof raf t ers. A
ed not ch. The heavy-t i mber roof sl i des t hrough t hi s
cont i nuous vert i cal reveal at each corner provi des
openi ng, creat i ng porches at t he begi nni ng and end of
art i cul at i on and prevent s t he l arge concret e vol umes
t he t rai l . At t he rear of t he bui l di ng t hi s provi des a
f rom appeari ng st ai d. The rugged archi t ect ural expres-
shel t ered rest i ng spot t ucked bet ween st eel channel
si on has a bat t en-down-t he-hat ches qual i t y bef i t t i ng
bracket s. At t he f ront of t he proj ect , however, a l arge
t he st ormy ocean si t e.
porch occurs over t he ent ry t o t he rest rooms l ocat ed j ust t o t he l ef t of t he more unassumi ng mai n ent rance. A covered wal kway t hat was t o ext end out f rom t he mai n ent ry t o t he curb — and woul d have resol ved any conf usi on — was cut af t er t he change i n si t e requi red more expensi ve f oundat i ons.
147
L EF T: B L A CK - B OX EXH I B I T SPA CE
B E L O W : A D M I N I S T R AT I V E O F F I C E S F O R T H E 1 0 0 - A C R E P R ESERVE
R I G H T : T W O F O U R T E E N - F O O T- T A L L D O O R S R O L L B A C K F R OM T H E A U D I T OR I U M ’ S COR N ER EN T R A N CE.
T H I S R EP R ESEN T S A N I M A GE CA P T I ON F OR ON E OF T H E I M A GES ON T H I S SP R EA D
T H I S R EP R ESEN T S A N I M A GE CA P T I ON F OR ON E OF T H E I M A GES ON T H I S SP R EA D
T H I S R EP R ESEN T S A N I M A GE CA P T I ON F OR ON E OF T H E I M A GES ON T H I S SP R EA D
B E L O W : E A S T E L E VAT I O N
R I G H T : A L O W VA U LT C O N N E C T S T H E T W O P A R T S O F T H E H O U S E T O C R E AT E A T R A N S P A R E N T S P A C E .
H a nsma n Re si de nc e Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on 19 9 7
150
On a st eep hi l l si de overl ooki ng Seat t l e, t hi s Tuscan
panorami c vi ew. A wood and gl ass garage door rol l s up
yel l ow and barn-red house evokes t he proport i ons of
t o t urn t hi s doubl e-hei ght f oyer and di ni ng space i nt o
i t s 1 9 2 0 s Shi ngl e-st yl e nei ghbors but i s modern
an ext eri or room. A syst em of count erwei ght ed t orsi on
i n t he det ai l i ng. The cl i ent
spri ngs makes t he heavy doubl e-gl azed door f eat her-
i ni t i al l y cont act ed
Mi l l er / Hul l about addi ng a second f l oor t o a one-st ory
wei ght t o l i f t . Over t he di ni ng t abl e a chandel i er si x
ranch-st yl e house, but soon real i zed i t was easi er, and
f eet i n di amet er, made of a wel ded band-saw bl ade,
more economi cal , t o raze t he house and begi n anew.
sal mon cans, and paper Sno-Cone cups over t he bul bs
The exi st i ng basement ret ai ni ng wal l s provi de t he
by l ocal art i st Bust er Si mpson, al so rai ses and l owers
f oundat i on f or t he new desi gn. Mi l l er / Hul l spl i t t he
by count erwei ght s. The reversed board-and-bat t en si d-
3 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot proj ect i nt o t wo gabl es wi t h t he
i ng of t he house’s ext eri or wraps i nsi de t hi s space, and
narrow ends f aci ng t he st reet , cont i nui ng t he rhyt hm
t he punched wi ndows f rom t he second bedrooms rei n-
of t he nei ghborhood. A vaul t of met al roof connect s
f orce t he sense of bei ng out si de. Sl i ci ng t he ai r over-
t he vol umes and covers t hi s t ransparent space i n-
head i s a mi ni mal st eel cabl e and wood cat wal k con-
bet ween. Through wi ndows on ei t her si de of t he f ront
nect i ng t he bedrooms and provi di ng t he spot f or t he
door, guest s can see t hrough t he house t o t he f erri es
most dramat i c wat er vi ew.
on El l i ot t Bay and t he Ol ympi c Mount ai ns beyond. The mai n f l oor i s open i n pl an yet t he areas f or t he l i vI nsi de, t he roof st art s l ow over t he ent ry and curves t o
i ng, di ni ng, and t he ki t chen are di st i nct . Gl ass doors
an ei ght een-f oot -hi gh wi ndow wal l , whi ch opens ont o
of f t he ent ry open t o a den, whi ch connect s t o a cov-
a deck wi t h a wi de f l i ght of st eps down t o t he garden.
ered porch ont o t he f ront yard. As t he l argest l evel
The deck’s st eel cabl e rai l i ng di sappears agai nst t he
area on the 6 0 -by-1 2 0 -foot lot this is the main outdoor
L EF T: R EA R OF H OU SE, ST EP P I N G D OWN T O A GA R D EN ON T OP OF T H E GA R A GE R OOF
B EL OW : M A I N L EVEL P L A N
10
6
9
8
7
4 1 WAL K
2 P OR CH
6 K I T CH E N
7 B AT H
3 EN TRY
4 DEN
8 DI N I N G
3
5 L AU N D R Y
9 L I VI N G
5
1 0 P OR CH 2
1
pl ay area f or t he cl i ent ’s t wo young boys. Upst ai rs t he
st eel surround st udded by a gri d of gal vani zed bol t s t o
mast er bedroom and bat hroom are under one gabl e
creat e t he mi ni mal f i repl ace t hat i s t he f ocal poi nt of
roof wi t h t he chi l dren’s rooms and anot her bat h under
t he l i vi ng room.
t he ot her. A dayl i ght basement cont ai ns a guest room, st orage, and l arge f ami l y room, wi t h a deck openi ng t o
On t he ext eri or, t he wood cl addi ng reverses st andard
a f l ower garden cappi ng a garage of f t he al l ey bel ow.
board-and-bat t en si di ng wi t h wi de t wel ve-i nch bat t ens
The vant age l ooki ng back up at t he house f rom t hi s
over narrow one-i nch boards. The bat t ens st op f our
al l ey embodi es t he l ayered qual i t y of Seat t l e’s hi l l si de
i nches short around wi ndows and t hrough t hei r
nei ghborhoods.
absence mi mi c t radi t i onal t ri m board. I nvert i ng t ypi cal const ruct i on sequenci ng, Mi l l er / Hul l set t he wi ndows
Throughout t he house are t he i nvent i ve det ai l s t hat
af t er t he i nst al l at i on of t he si di ng f or a preci se f i t
make Mi l l er / Hul l ’s desi gns emi nent l y l i vabl e. At t he
bet ween bat t ens. At t he gabl e ends t he t hi n rake has
f ront door i s a l ow bui l t -i n bench t o si t , change, and
t he st rai ght f orward det ai l i ng of an ol d barn but by a
st ash rai n boot s. I t s t ongue-l i ke shape repeat s i n a
t wi st on cont emporary const ruct i on gai ns t he art i cul a-
t wo-l egged t abl e i n t he ki t chen t hat st raddl es t he ext e-
t i on of i t s ol der resi dent i al nei ghbors. I n pl ace of roof
ri or wal l . A t abl et op doubl e-hung wi ndow f orms a
raf t ers, t he f l at roof pl anks ext end out t o t he edge of
pass-t hrough t o t he out si de gri l l . Bui l t -i n f i r book-
t he roof , l endi ng t he undersi de a subt l e t ext ure.
shel ves i n t he l i vi ng room, den, and al ong t he st ai rway
Mi l l er / Hul l ’s det ai l i ng i s modern i n i t s emphasi s on
mi ni mi ze f urni t ure and cont ri but e t o t he spaci ousness
t he t hi n and t he t aut but not at t he expensi ve of t ex-
of t he compact house. Mi l l er / Hul l sal vaged t he l arge
t ure and dept h.
f i rebox f rom t he ol d house, updat i ng i t wi t h a rol l ed
153
L EF T: R OL L - U P D OOR OP EN S D I N I N G R OOM T O A N E X T E R I O R D E C K A N D T H E P U G ET S O U N D B E Y O N D .
B E L O W : K I T C H E N T A B L E , L E F T, C O N T I N U E S T H R O U G H T H E WI N D OW T O T H E OU T D OOR S.
L E F T : W I N D WA R D SI D E O F H O U S E , A S E R I E S O F
B E L O W : A X O N O M ET R I C S H O W S A C O N C R ET E B L O C K
C O N C R ET E - B L O C K WA L L S N E S T L E D A M O N G B O U L D E R S
SH EL L I N F I L L ED WI T H T I M B ER A N D ST EEL F R A M I N G.
O V E R L E A F : T H E H O U S E SI T S O N A N E S C A R P M E N T 1 , 8 0 0 F E ET A B O V E T H E N A C H E S R I V E R VA L L E Y.
Ca mpbe l l Or c ha r d Re si de nc e Ti e t o n , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 8
Among basal t boul ders and under a cent ury ol d
of t rees, but at t he maj est i c pi ne t he wal l pi vot s open
Ponderosa pi ne, t hi s house si t s on an escarpment sep-
t o f ol l ow t he angl e of t he hi l l si de. Wood si di ng and
arat i ng a l ush agri cul t ural pl at eau and t he semi -ari d
gl ass f orm t he remai ni ng encl osure emphasi zi ng t he
Naches Ri ver Val l ey. Ext remes i n t emperat ure and
cont rast bet ween heavi ness and l i ght ness, hori zont al
scouri ng wi nds mark t he l andscape. Thi rd-generat i on
and vert i cal , and i nsi de and out si de t hat run t hrough-
owners of t hi s 1 8 0 -acre ranch and appl e orchard, t he
out t he proj ect .
cl i ent remembers pl ayi ng as a boy al ong t he edges of t he orchard, one of several hi s f ami l y owned i n t he val -
Ent ry i s t hrough a st ockade-l i ke Al askan yel l ow cedar
l ey. Now a Cal i f orni a resi dent , t he cl i ent uses t he
door i n an i nscrut abl e concret e-bl ock wal l . I t sl i des
Mi l l er / Hul l -desi gned resi dence as a base f or regul ar
asi de on a barn door t rack t o reveal a pri vat e court yard
vi si t s t o t he Paci f i c Nort hwest .
prot ect ed f rom t he wi nd but open t o t he panorami c vi ew. The pat i o wraps t he east si de of t he house al ong
A gravel road f ol l ows a popl ar t ree wi ndbreak border-
t he i rregul ar edge of t he pl at eau and t ermi nat es i n a
i ng t he orchard and l eads up t o t he new 1 ,3 5 0 -square-
t errace of f t he mast er bedroom. Dark gray basal t boul -
f eet house, whi ch l i es bet ween t wo rocky ri dges. The
ders set at t he edge of t he pol i shed concret e pat i o bl ur
wi ndward si de of t he house i s a seri es of concret e-
t he di st i nct i on bet ween t he nat ural and manmade.
bl ock ret ai ni ng wal l s nest l ed i nt o t he hi l l si de and
Overhead, recycl ed f i r t i mbers ext end f rom t he i nsi de
opens t o t he val l ey 1 ,8 0 0 f eet bel ow. Varyi ng i n
of t he house t o an ext eri or st eel beam support ed by a
hei ght , t hese wal l s f orm a l oose assembl age of t hree
pai r of st eel pi pe col umns t hat f rame t he vi ew. For
i nt erl ocki ng “ L” s t hat adj ust t o t he t opography. Al ong
ri gi di t y, one l eg cant s out ward mi mi cki ng t he props
t he orchard si de, t he wal l s paral l el t he ort hogonal rows
hol di ng up branches l aden wi t h appl es. Gal vani zed
157
L E F T : A D O O R S L I D E S A SI D E T O R E V E A L A P R I VAT E A N D W I N D - P R O T E C T E D C O U R T YA R D .
B E L O W : WA L L S E C T I O N AT R ET A I N E D E A R T H
R I GH T: CA N T ED ST EEL COL U M N S
met al roof i ng, recal l i ng l ocal agri cul t ural bui l di ngs, covers a port i on of t he porch and wood raf t ers cont i nue as a t rel l i s, l ayeri ng t he t ransi t i on f rom i nsi de t o out si de. The f oyer i s i n a knuckl e bet ween a smal l of f i ce and t he mai n house. I t s hori zont al wood boards are l ag bol t ed t hrough a wood st ud wal l wi t h exposed gal vani zed f ast eners, gi vi ng t he house a l ow-t ech rust i ci t y. I nsi de, f l oor-t o-cei l i ng wi ndows sl i ce t he corner of every room t o open up t he i nt eri or. I n t he of f i ce, a l ong cl erest ory wi ndow f urt her undercut s t hi s boundary by f l oat i ng t he t i mber roof above t he concret e-bl ock wal l s. Two smal l square wi ndows punch t hrough t he wal l t o f rame vi ews of t he orchard or t he grassy hi l l t op. The l i vi ng, di ni ng, and ki t chen areas share a si ngl e space i n t he mai n vol ume of t he house. A t en-by-ni nef oot gl ass door sl i des i nt o a conceal ed pocket openi ng t he corner of t he l i vi ng area t o t he pat i o. Li ni ng t he back wal l i s a compact bat h and ut i l i t y area screened by an open st ai r up t o t he l of t . Thi s guest room pops up
L E F T : R E C Y C L E D T I M B E R S A N D E X P O S E D C O N C R ET E I N T H E L I VI N G/ D I N I N G R OOM
B EL OW : STA I N ED WOOD PA N EL S P R OVI D E A CCEN T S OF COL OR A N D T EXT U R E ON T H E EXT ER I OR .
1 CAR P OR T R I GH T: F I R ST F L OOR P L A N
1
2 OF F I CE
3 L I VI N G/ D I N I N G
4 K I T CH E N
6 M E CH AN I CAL / S T OR AGE
5 B AT H
7 B E D R OOM
2
3
5 4
6 7
above t he concret e ret ai ni ng wal l f or vi ews out over t he t reet ops. On t he sout hern end of t he house, t he mast er bedroom’s f ul l -hei ght corner wi ndows open t he room t o a panorama of t he val l ey. Thi s house marks a change i n di rect i on f rom ot her Mi l l er / Hul l desi gns i n i t s rel at i onshi p t o t he ground. Where ot her proj ect s appear t o f l oat over t he si t e on a mi ni mal sl ab, t hi s one di gs i n and pul l s t he exposed bl ock f oundat i on wal l al l t he way up t o t he cei l i ng. I nsul at i on embedded i n t he i nt eri or cel l s of t he Ushaped concret e bl ock al l ows t he exposure of bot h f aces. On one si de t he wal l ret ai ns t he hi l l si de and on t he ot her i t provi des beari ng f or t he roof raf t ers. Concret e bl ock and gl ass are t he pri mary encl osure mat eri al s, wi t h a f ew wood panel s — st ai ned t he same ochre and puce as t he l i chens on t he rocks — as accent s of col or and t ext ure. The house’s abst ract , graphi c qual i t y combi nes wi t h a f i nel y t uned rel at i onship to the topography in homage to the raw landscape.
163
B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
R I G H T : T H E D E SI G N R E F E R E N C E S J A P A N E S E A R C H I T E C T U R E A N D T H E I S L A N D ’ S V E R N A C U L A R FA R M B U I L D I N G S .
Chi n g Ca bi n M a ur y I sl a nd, W a shi n g t on 19 9 8
164
Maury I sl and moors t o i t s l arger nei ghbor, Vashon
cont ai ni ng t he ki t chen, a st orage area, and smal l bat h-
I sl and, by a smal l spi t of l and i n sout h Puget Sound.
room — runs al ong t he east edge of t he room. On t he
Onl y a f i f t een-mi nut e f erry ri de f rom Seat t l e, t he semi -
west ern exposure, gl ass t ri part i t e doors f i l l t he t wo
rural i sl and at t ract s bot h f ul l -t i me resi dent s as wel l as
cent er bays; t hey f ol d out of t he way t o convert t he
weekenders seeki ng a ref uge f rom t he ci t y. Thi s cabi n
mai n l i vi ng area i nt o an out door room. Furt her ext end-
f or a young f ami l y of f our si t s al ong t he east ern edge
i ng t he space i s a wood deck cant i l evered f our f eet out
of a cl eari ng on t en acres of rol l i ng woods wi t h t rai l s,
f rom t he f oundat i on, creat i ng a covered porch over-
a smal l f rui t orchard, and a pond. Fut ure pl ans
l ooki ng t he meadow and pond. I n t he f i f t h st ruct ural
i ncl ude a f reest andi ng mast er bedroom sui t e and st u-
bay a breezeway connect s t he mai n l i vi ng space t o t he
di o/garage connect ed by an arbor al ong t he nort heast
garden shed t hat shares t he rest of t he st ruct ure.
edge of t he meadow. Wi t h an overarchi ng roof and art i cul at ed st ruct ure, Mi l l er / Hul l ’s desi gn mel ds t he
At t he ent ry on t he nort h, t he concret e raf t f oundat i on
cl i ent ’s i nt erest i n Japanese archi t ect ure wi t h t he
ext ends out as a st ep, wi t h a rect angul ar i nset of rough
i sl and’s vernacul ar f arm bui l di ngs.
pebbl es f or a wel come mat . On t he sout h end at t he shed, t he f oundat i on not ches i n and i s f i l l ed wi t h grav-
To st ret ch t he di mi nut i ve proj ect ’s 6 0 0 -square-f oot
el f or t ract or parki ng. Of f t he sout hern end of t he
f oot pri nt al ong t he back edge of t he si t e, Mi l l er / Hul l
cabi n near t he orchard, t he pump house i s a corrugat -
devel oped t he desi gn as a st ri ng of i nt eri or and ext eri -
ed st eel cul vert warped i nt o an el l i pt i cal vol ume.
or spaces under a cont i nuous gabl e roof . The f i rst f our of t he cabi n’s seven st ruct ural bays cont ai n an open
Three gl azed sect i ons of roof cover t he ki t chen, t he
l i vi ng, di ni ng, and sl eepi ng space wi t h smal l l of t s
ri dge of t he breezeway, and t he f ront porch, i nf usi ng
f or ki ds at ei t her end. A f our-f oot -wi de ut i l i t y core —
i nt eri or spaces wi t h l i ght . The skyl i ght s’ acryl i c sheet s
L EF T: T H E CA B I N B OR D ER S T H E EA ST ER N ED GE OF A C L E A R I N G O N T H E W O O D E D SI T E .
B E L O W : E X P A N D E D A X O N O M ET R I C
B E L O W R I G H T : A S T E E L C U LV E R T W R A P S T H E P U M P H O U S E .
have t he same prof i l e as t he corrugat ed met al roof i ng, al l owi ng t hem t o l ap seaml essl y over each ot her, creat i ng a cont i nuous roof pl ane and el i mi nat i ng t he awkward curb f ound around most skyl i ght s. The acryl i c does not scrat ch or degrade and i s much cl earer t han f i bergl ass panel s. At t he f ront porch t he panel s provi de prot ect i on f rom t he rai n but al so f eat her t he t ransi t i on bet ween i nsi de and out si de. I n compari son t o Mi l l er / Hul l ’s earl y ret reat s on Decat ur I sl and, t he det ai l i ng of t he Chi ng cabi n i s more art i cul at ed and ref i ned. Part of t hi s may be due t o t he t en years of experi ence t hat separat e t he desi gns. The ext eri or’s exposed col umns, wi t h an i nf i l l of dropped cedar si di ng or spaced cedar boards, recal l t he panel i zed const ruct i on and t ext ure of Japanese f ol k archi t ect ure. Whi l e t he wood j oi nery i s not as el aborat e, t he reduct i ve but el egant det ai l i ng of t he roof st ruct ure suggest s shared t ect oni c sensi bi l i t y. The cabi n’s connect i on t o pl ace and t ransparency bet ween i nsi de and out si de are qual i t i es t hat l i nk t he desi gn as f i rml y t o Paci f i c Ri m archi t ect ure as t o Mi l l er / Hul l ’s past .
1 67
L E F T : T R A N S L U C E N T P A N E L S AT T H E P O R C H F E AT H E R T H E T R A N SI T I O N F R O M O U T SI D E T O I N SI D E .
B EL OW : A N A R R OW U T I L I T Y COR E R U N S A L ON G ON E E D G E O F T H E SI N G L E R O O M C A B I N .
B E L O W : E X P A N D E D A X O N O M ET R I C
R I GH T: SOU T H EN D OF CA B I N , A T R A CT OR SH ED
1 70
FA R L EF T: T H E COM PA CT H OU SE ST A N D S ON T H E O N LY B U I L D A B L E SI T E I N A W O O D E D R A V I N E .
L E F T, T O P T O B O T T O M : W E S T, N O R T H , A N D E A S T E L E VAT I O N S
M i c ha e l s / Si sson Re si de nc e M e r c e r I sl a nd, W a shi n g t on 19 9 8
W E S T E L E VAT I O N
N O R T H E L E VAT I O N
Where t he owners of t hi s house saw a bargai n i n a t wo-
f i f t een-f oot grade change. The t wo-st ory base al so l i f t s
l i ne newspaper ad — t wo-and-a-hal f acres on suburban
t he house up of f t he f l oor of t he dark ravi ne t oward
Mercer I sl and f or $ 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 — Mi l l er / Hul l saw a chal -
sunl i ght and vi ews i nt o t he t rees.
l enge. The t ri angul ar si t e i s i n a wooded ravi ne wi t h t hi ck st ands of mapl es st udded wi t h 1 0 0 -f oot -t al l
The mai n mass of t he f our-l evel house cant i l evers out
Dougl as f i rs. A st ream paral l el s t he road and has a 2 5 -
on st eel gi rders over t he concret e-bl ock base t o avoi d
f oot set back requi rement , desi gned t o prot ect spawn-
damagi ng t he root of adj acent t rees. Panel s of deep
i ng sal mon whi l e al so reduci ng t he amount of bui l d-
box-sect i on corrugat ed met al f l oat on t he st ruct ural
abl e l and. The cl i ent s, a young prof essi onal coupl e
st eel f rame. A vert i cal ri bbon of gl ass sl i ces t he pri -
ready t o st art a f ami l y, al so had a l i mi t ed budget :
vat e f ront f acade and def i nes t he narrow end of t he
$ 1 5 0 -per-square-f oot . Faced wi t h t hese l i mi t at i ons,
t wo-st ory space t hat penet rat es t he t wo upper f l oors.
Mi l l er / Hul l l ooked t o t he st ruct ure f or sol ut i ons as
On t he back, t he st eel f rame t hat wi l l brace t he house
wel l as f or archi t ect ural expressi on. The 2 ,4 0 0 -
duri ng an eart hquake i s i nf i l l ed wi t h gl ass, openi ng
square-f oot house t hey desi gned si t s on t he onl y bui l d-
t he house t o t he f orest .
abl e spot on t he si t e: at t he base of a st eep sl ope and E A S T E L E VAT I O N
on t he set back l i ne. Mi l l er / Hul l resol ved t wo i ssues at
A short bri dge over t he st ream l eads t o an ext eri or st ai r
once by f ol di ng a concret e bl ock ret ai ni ng wal l around
up t o t he f ront door. The overhang of t he f l oor above
i nt o a t went y-f oot t al l cube. The t wo-car garage on t he
prot ect s i t f rom rai n. The mai n ent ry i s at t he f i rst
l owest l evel set t he 2 2 -f oot paramet ers of t he square
f l oor — cont ai ni ng t wo snug chi l dren’s bedrooms and a
base. An i nt ermedi at e concret e f l oor st i f f ens t he box,
pl ayroom — wi t h a generous st ai r cont i nui ng up t o t he
maki ng i t more st ruct ural l y ef f i ci ent i n rest rai ni ng t he
mai n l evel of t he house shared by t he l i vi ng, di ni ng,
173
B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
R I GH T: ON T H E B A CK , A GL A SS- F I L L ED ST EEL F R A M E T H AT W I L L B R A C E T H E H O U S E D U R I N G E A R T H Q U A K E S
1 74
and t he ki t chen areas. I t i s a compact yet open space t hat i nt erl ocks wi t h t he second f l oor. A st eel cabl e and wood decki ng cat wal k cut s overhead across t he doubl e-hei ght space f rom t he f ront of t he house t o t he wal l of wi ndows i n back. A ni ne-by-t en-f oot wood and gl ass vert i cal l i f t door gl i des open (t hanks t o count erwei ght ed t orsi on spri ngs) encouragi ng t he f l ow of t he i nt eri or out ont o a bri dge-l i ke deck i nt o t he ravi ne. The green hi l l si de and t rees encl ose i t , creat i ng an i nt i mat e out door room. A st ai rcase, i n a sol i d wedge of f t he back of t he house, connect s al l t he f l oors. I t s narrow vert i cal st ri p of wi ndows, as wel l as t he f i ner wal e of t he corrugat ed si di ng, vi sual l y separat es i t f rom t he mai n vol ume of t he house. I nsi de, a cont i nuous t hree-st ory bookshel f runs up one wal l f rom t he f i rst f l oor ent ry t o t he undersi de of t he cei l i ng at t he t op f l oor. One l andi ng wi dens t o suspend a t ri m home of f i ce bet ween t he l i vi ng room
FA R L EF T: A VERT I CA L W I N D OW ON T H E F R ON T F A Ç A D E H I N T S AT T H E T W O - S T O R Y I N T E R I O R .
L EF T: WOOD WI N D OWS I N F I L L ST EEL F R A M E.
and bedrooms above. A l arge pi vot wi ndow expands t he t i ght space out i nt o t he t ree canopy and t hrows l i ght down t hrough t he open ri sers of t he st ai rs. On t he f ourt h f l oor, t he mast er bedroom and bat h l i nk t o a musi c room by a bri dge over t he l i vi ng room bel ow. Large i nt erl ocki ng panel s sl i de i n varyi ng combi nat i ons t o def i ne di f f erent degrees of pri vacy and t o cont ri but e t o a sense of spaci ousness. The i ndust ri al pal et t e appeal s t o t he owners’ l ove of modern archi t ect ure as wel l as t o t hei r desi re f or a l ow-mai nt enance home. The ext eri or corrugat ed met al si di ng resi st s t he Paci f i c Nort hwest ’s pervasi ve mi l dew. I nsi de, t he f l oor i s a gri d of pressed medi umdensi t y f i berboard squares set wi t h gal vani zed screws. I f st ai ned or marred t hey are easy t o unscrew and repl ace. Overal l , t he exposed gl ue-l ami nat ed beams and wood decki ng count erbal ance t he exposed concret e bl ock and st eel , creat i ng a spare but warm desi gn. I n t hei r det ai l s, t he mat eri al s al so emphasi ze t he l ayered t ransparency of t he house. The narrow
177
L EF T: A WOOD - A N D - GL A SS L I F T D OOR OP EN S T H E L I VI N G R OOM T O T H E D ECK .
B E L O W : E X P A N D E D A X O N O M ET R I C
R I G H T : U P S T A I R S , S L I D I N G P A N E L S A L L O W A VA R I ET Y O F S P AT I A L C O N F I G U R AT I O N S .
f rame around t he edges of t he corrugat ed met al si di ng and t he not ch as t he panel s meet at corners underscore t he sense t hat t hey are pl anes hung on a st ruct ural f rame. St i t chi ng t he panel s t oget her are wi ndows wi t h mul l i ons so t hi n t hey di ssol ve f or an uni nt errupt ed connect i on t o t he t rees out si de. Through t ransparency, t he desi gn appropri at es t he f orest as a maj or mat eri al i n a mi ni mal pal et t e.
B E L O W : SI T E P L A N
R I GH T: R EA R OF H OU SE OP EN S T O P H A N T OM L A K E.
Roddy / Ba l e Re si de nc e Be l l e v u e , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 8
180
Bef ore f l oat i ng bri dges across Lake Washi ngt on spread
ends i n an oversi zed doubl e-hei ght bay wi ndow on t he
suburban sprawl f rom Seat t l e, Bel l evue was a qui et
back. A second notch carved underneath the upper floor
count ry escape f rom t he ci t y. One mement o of t he not -
of t he house at t he ent ry al l ows a di rect connect i on
so-di st ant past i s a smal l f i shi ng cot t age on bass-f i l l ed
between the front and back yards. This outdoor room is
Phant om Lake. For years t he owners spent most of
encl osed by gl ass and al umi num i ndust ri al garage
t hei r t i me i n t hi s t wo-room cabi n ret reat i ng t o t he
doors mounted sideways to slide out of the way on an over-
mai n house — a 1 9 5 0 s ranch-st yl e house l ocat ed 2 0 0
head barn-door track.With its polished concrete counter
f eet f rom t he l ake — t o sl eep. But when t he young f am-
and deep stainless steel sink, this space is a staging area
i l y began t o grow, t hey asked Mi l l er / Hul l t o desi gn a
for gardening, camping trips, and outdoor entertaining.
modern house t hat embraces the outdoors. Miller / Hull responded with a design for a met al and gl ass house
To reach t he f ront door, guest s pass under an exposed
t hat i s compact yet t ransparent .
gl ue-l ami nat ed beam propped up by a sl ender st eel pi pe col umn. The f i rst f l oor i s an open pl an wi t h t he
The 2 ,8 0 0 -square-f oot proj ect st ands on t he spot pre-
l i vi ng room, di ni ng, and ki t chen def i ned by a f ew
vi ousl y occupi ed by t he ol d house. The l i t t l e f i shing
archi t ect ural el ement s. A f reest andi ng cabi net part i al -
cot t age remai ns at t he wat er’s edge as a guest house.
l y screens t he ki t chen f rom t he ent ry whi l e housi ng t he
The new house i s a sl ender bar t hat st raddl es t he long
st ove and ref ri gerat or. The upper ki t chen cabi net s are
narrow si t e, di vi di ng i t i nt o t wo di st i nct out door
boxes set at varyi ng hei ght s wi t hi n a st oref ront wi ndow
rooms. The nort h si de f eat ures a t ranqui l progression
syst em. The back of each cabi net i s a f rost ed gl ass
from the street through the woods and across a wide
wi ndow whi l e t he doors have a smal l cl ear gl ass panel
lawn to the house; the back yard opens to the lake.
t hat al l ows a peek i nsi de.
Two l arge openi ngs l i nk t he out door rooms. One begi ns
The second f l oor bri dges over a port i on of t he l i vi ng
wi t h a t wo-st ory t al l wi ndow on t he f ront f acade and
area, creat i ng doubl e-hei ght spaces on ei t her si de t hat
182
L E F T : T H E S T A N D I N G - S E A M M ET A L S K I N H A S A
OVER L EA F : A N OU T D OOR R OOM , EN CL OSED B Y GA R A GE
M ET A L L I C C O AT I N G T H AT S H I F T S I N C O L O R .
D O O R S , C O N N E C T S T H E F R O N T A N D B A C K YA R D S .
R I GH T: GR OU N D A N D U P P ER L EVEL P L A N S
10 U P P E R L E VE L
9
8
7 11
1 EN TRY
2 K I T CH E N
5 OU T D OOR R OOM 9 F A M I LY
3 L I VI N G / D I N I N G
6 P AT I O
1 0 B E D R OOM
7 B AT H
12
7
4 L I B R AR Y
8 M AS T E R B E D R OOM
1 1 D E N / GU E S T
1 2 U TI LI TY
6
2
GR OU N D L E VE L 3
5
4 1
open t o t he f ami l y room above. Thi s ai ry mul t i -purpose
drywal l cei l i ng st ops a f oot away f rom t he wal l s, expos-
space has vi ews down i nt o t he l i vi ng room as wel l as
i ng t he ends of t he wood j oi st s above. Thi s makes t he
out t he t wo-st ory-hi gh wi ndows and connect s t he mas-
cei l i ng appear t o f l oat whi l e provi di ng spaces bet ween
t er bedroom t o an area cont ai ni ng a chi l d’s bedroom,
j oi st s f or of f -t he-shel f gal vani zed st eel spot l i ght s.
a bat hroom, and a smal l den. The chi l d’s bedroom prot rudes i nt o t he l arge bay on t he back of t he house and
Mi l l er / Hul l uses col or spari ngl y t hroughout t he house.
has a f l oor t o cei l i ng wi ndow wi t h an operabl e panel t o
The back wal l of t he l i vi ng room i s a si l ky ci nnamon
encourage nat ural vent i l at i on. I n t he mast er bedroom
and f ol ds around t o def i ne a smal l l i brary nook wi t h
the bed fits snugly in a bay window angled toward a view
bui l t i n mapl e shel ves. Aut omot i ve pai nt f i ni shes t he
of the lake framed by two 1 0 0 -foot cedars. The window
st ai r’s perf orat ed met al panel bal ust ers and rai l i ngs t o
t hat pops up above t he roof l i ne on t he f ront of t he
achi eve a pi nky-copper col or wi t h f l ecks of si l ver. On
house folds down overhead into a skylight that opens up
t he exterior, the standing-seam metal skin has a metal-
the master bathroom to the sky and the towering cedars.
lic coat i ng t hat shi f t s i n col or f rom an ol i ve green t o a t awny rose dependi ng on t he bri ght ness of t he sky.
The exposed st ruct ure i s a l ow-t ech mi x of wood f ram-
Preci sel y punched bet ween seams i s a smat t eri ng of
i ng, gl ue-l ami nat ed beams, and st eel col umns pai nt ed
t i ny square wi ndows t hat combi ne wi t h t he l arge open-
maroon. Two gl ue-l ami nat ed beams run t he l engt h of
i ng cut t hrough t he house t o underscore t he l i ght ness
t he house on ei t her si de of t he f i rst f l oor. Support i ng
of t he t aut met al ski n. On t he f ront of t he house, a
t hem are i rregul arl y spaced pi pe col umns t hat f al l i n
l ong narrow wi ndow pokes up above t he roof l i ne t o
unl i kel y pl aces — l i ke t hrough t he ki t chen count ert op.
break t he box. Vari et y and ri chness come wi t h a f ew
One col umn l ands at t he bot t om of t he st ai rcase i n
rest rai ned gest ures.
pl ace of a t radi t i onal newel post . On t he f i rst f l oor t he
183
L E F T : T H E D R Y WA L L C E I L I N G S T O P S A F O O T AWA Y F R O M T H E WA L L S C R E AT I N G A P L A C E F O R L I G H T S .
R I G H T : O P E R A B L E P A N E L S S ET W I T H T H E T W O - S T O R Y W I N D O W WA L L
L E F T : T H E D E SI G N R E F E R E N C E S E A R LY- T W E N T I ET H C E N T U R Y C O M M E R C I A L B U I L D I N G S A L O N G T H E S T R E ET.
B E L O W : N O R T H E L E VAT I O N
Fre mon t Publ i c Assoc i a t i on Se a t t l e , W a shi n g t on 19 9 8
At t he Fremont Publ i c Associ at i on (FPA) communi t y resource cent er, f ami l i es pi ck up groceri es at a f ood bank and l earn how t o prepare nut ri t i ous meal s i n a demonst rat i on ki t chen; el derl y i mmi grant s pract i ce Engl i sh and l earn ci t i zenshi p ski l l s under t he same roof . Consol i dat i ng communi t y servi ces and vol unt eers previ ousl y scat t ered around t he ci t y al l ows t he nonprof i t agency t o connect key programs and bet t er serve t he di sadvant aged. The 3 0 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot proj ect al so houses a nei ghborhood branch l i brary i n a promi nent corner st oref ront space. By rei nt erpret i ng t he earl y t went i et h-cent ury t wo- and t hree-st ory commerci al
bui l di ngs l i ni ng Wal l i ngf ord’s mai n
st reet ,
Mi l l er / Hul l creat ed a di st i ngui shed yet approachabl e communi t y bui l di ng. I n response t o t he t i ght budget and si t e const rai nt s, t he proj ect i s a compact t hree-st ory vol ume. A cent ral port i on of f acade peel s away t o reveal a t ransparent zone t hrough t he bui l di ng. On t he f i rst f l oor t hi s space i s an i nt eri or st reet , wi t h rol l -up gl ass and al umi num
189
L E F T : T W O - S T O R Y AT R I U M C O N N E C T S T H E S E C O N D
B EL OW : F I R ST F L OOR P L A N
A N D T H I R D F L OOR S. R I G H T : C E M E N T- B O A R D C L A D D I N G E X P O S E S T H E S T E E L S T R U C T U R E AT T H E M A I N E N T R Y.
5
3
9
2
11
1
4
10
6 8
10
7 9 11
1 P U B L I C GAL L E R Y 4 CH E CK - I N
2 L I B R AR Y
3 L I VI N G R OOM
5 CH I L D R E N ’ S AR E A
7 F OOD B AN K D I S T R I B U T I ON 9 CON F E R E N CE R OOM
6 F OOD B AN K S T OR AGE
8 K I T CH E N
1 0 R E S T R OOM
1 1 OF F I CE
garage doors t hat open i nt o a communi t y room, a ki t chen, and t he f ood bank. Peopl e sel ect t hei r own groceri es f rom a l ayout remi ni scent of Seat t l e’s f amous open-ai r f armer’s market downt own i nst ead of bei ng handed a prepackaged bag. The i nt eri or st reet i s al so an art gal l ery, wi t h t i l e mural s and met al scul pt ures by l ocal art i st s. At t he f ront of t he bui l di ng, t he f ami l y resource cent er and a pl ay space f or chi l dren share t he west end of t he st oref ront f acade. Si nce t he proj ect ’s f oot pri nt f i l l s t he ent i re 1 0 ,0 0 0 -square-f oot si t e, t he FPA l eases space behi nd t he bui l di ng f or parki ng, and t here i s an ei ght een-car garage i n t he basement . Subsi di zed bus passes and shower f aci l i t i es f or bi cycl i st s encourage al t ernat i ve means of commut i ng. Upst ai rs, a t wo-st ory at ri um vi sual l y connect s t he second and t hi rd f l oors under a l ong cent ral skyl i ght . There i s an uni nt errupt ed vi ew f rom t he wi ndow wal l at t he f ront of t he bui l di ng t o t he one at t he back i n t hi s open cent ral space. On t he t hi rd f l oor t he ext eri or wal l
L EF T: ST OR EF R ON T SPA CE F OR A B R A N CH OF T H E PU B LI C LI B R ARY
B EL OW : SECT I ON , SH OWI N G OP EN SPA CE T H R OU GH T H E CEN T ER OF B U I L D I N G
st eps i n al ong t hi s zone, creat i ng a covered out door
i nches of dept h — cont ri but i ng t o t he percept i on of i t
deck f or al f resco l unches. I nsi de, exposed st eel
as a ski n over a st eel skel et on. The vert i cal pai ring of
col umns di f f erent i at e t he open area by peel i ng back
oversi zed doubl e-hung wi ndows avoi ds t he numbi ng
l ayers of f i ni shes encl osi ng t he rest of t he f l oor.
punched rhyt hm of smal l er separat e wi ndows on t he
Throughout t he bui l di ng t he cei l i ng i s cl ear-st ai ned
upper f l oors. At t he mai n ent ry, a cri mson st ai r t ower
wood decki ng on t op of st eel bar j oi st s pai nt ed bl ack.
si t s behi nd t he st eel f rame but i n f ront of t he curt ai n
Mi l l er / Hul l t ransf i gured t he modest t wo- and t hree-
wal l . The l ayers of t he f acade peel away as an open
st ory commerci al bui l di ngs t hat dot Seat t l e’s urban
i nvi t at i on t o t he communi t y.
nei ghborhoods. The desi gn f ol l ows t he same pat t ern of a gl ass st oref ront at st reet l evel wi t h wood si di ng or bri ck punct uat ed by wi ndows at t he f l oors above. By peel i ng back t he ext eri or si di ng t o reveal t he l arge st eel moment f rames at t he openi ngs i n t he f ront and back of t he bui l di ng, Mi l l er / Hul l gai ned st ruct ural expressi veness wi t hi n a f ami l i ar bui l di ng t ype. Where t he hori zont al cement -board cl addi ng st ops short t o expose t he st ruct ure, i t s edge det ai l i ng suggest s a f ew
193
R I G H T : T H E D E SI G N E N H A N C E S N AT U R A L L I G H T A N D V E N T I L AT I O N I N T H E R E C Y C L I N G A R E A .
Va shon I sl a nd Tr a nsf e r a nd Re c yc l i n g St a t i on Va s h o n I s l a n d , W a s h i n g t o n 1 9 9 9
194
Vashon I sland is a semi-suburban communit y of f armers, art ist s, and f amilies only a f if t een-minut e f erry ride f rom Seat t le. When it s old landf ill reached capacit y, a new one was built t o accept solid wast e and recyclables f or t ransf er t o t he mainland. Miller / Hull’s project is a model of sust ainable design and const ruct ion, maximizing resource ef f iciency and minimizing environment al impact . The sit e’s circulat ion pat t ern separat es people and t rucks, non-paying and paying cust omers, and incoming and out going mat erials. An art iculat ed met al canopy on t he f ront of t he 8 ,5 0 0 -square-f oot building slopes up and out , direct ing t he public t o a long wall of openings t o deposit recycling. Arriving t rucks st op f irst at a small weigh-st at ion t hen cont inue t o t he lef t along a road t hat slopes down and around t o t he back of t he building. Under a met al shed roof , t ruck docks back up t o t he wast e pit six f eet below. From t he pit , mat erials move t o t he lef t int o a shed on t he sout h end of t he building cont aining a compact or t hat reduces t he number of t rips of wast e and recycling of f island.
L E F T : T R U C K S S T O P AT A W E I G H - S T AT I O N B E F O R E P R O C E E D I N G T O T H E R E C Y C L I N G P I T.
R I G H T, T O P T O B O T T O M , W E S T A N D E A S T E L E VAT I O N S , CR OSS SECT I ON
W E S T E L E VAT I O N
E A S T E L E VAT I O N
CR OS S S E CT I ON
On t he opposit e side of t he wast e pit , anot her shed
windows and vent s punct ure t he met al skin a knif e-
roof covers a st af f breakroom and t oilet s on t he nort h
edge of met al t rim f rames t he opening. The mat erials
end of t he building.
used t hroughout t he proj ect — i ncl udi ng t he st eel beams and columns, met al st uds and siding, insula-
The design is a st udy in volumes mediat ing bet ween
t ion, gypsum wallboard, paint , and ceramic t iles — are
t he scale of people on one side and large machines
ones wit h recycled cont ent .
and t rucks on t he ot her. King Count y was willing t o go beyond t he But ler buildings t ypically used as long as
I n a celebrat ion of recycling, a f iligree of local f lora
it did not cost more. Miller / Hull accomplished t his by
and f auna by art ist Deborah Mersky surrounds t he six
subt ly manipulat ing t he f orm and mat erials. The pro-
large port holes of t he public recycling bins. The inst al-
ject ’s complex sect ional relat ionships accommodat e
lat ion’s f unding comes f rom King Count y’s one-per-
t he varying height s of cars and t rucks while f acilit at -
cent -f or-art s program, which dedicat es a port ion of
ing nat ural vent ilat ion and t he penet rat ion of daylight
municipal const ruct ion budget s t o archit ect urally int e-
int o t he int erior. Large t ranslucent panels bet ween t he
grat ed public art . The t racery of images f rom t he local
lower shed roof over t he t ruck dock and t he main roof
environment — kelp crab, st arf ish, anemone, black-
over t he pit cont inue a f ew inches above t he roof t o
t ai l ed deer, and raccoon — l ooks del i cat e but i s
break the cornice line before folding over into skylights.
durable aluminum, cut by comput er-driven wat er jet s. Porcelain enamel on st eel panels, also by Mersky,
The det ailing emphasizes t he t aut ness of t he skin over
bright ens t he weigh-st at ion boot h. The art adds anot h-
an exposed st ruct ural st eel f rame, while creat ing t ex-
er layer in Miller / Hull’s t ransf ormat ion of an over-
t ure and visual int erest by juxt aposing narrow and
looked ut ilit arian building t ype — one t hat f orms a
wide corrugat ions of met al siding. Where crisply cut
backdrop f or communit y lif e.
197
B E L O W : N O R T H E L E VAT I O N
R I G H T : WAT E R - J ET- C U T S T E E L F I L I G R E E S U R R O U N D S T H E P ORT H OL ES I N T H E P U B L I C R ECYCL I N G B I N S.
L E F T : S T R E A M L I N E D W E S T E R N FA Ç A D E
B E L O W : W E S T E L E VAT I O N
Ki n g Coun t y Li br a r y Se r vi c e Ce n t e r I ssa qua h, W a shi n g t on 2 0 0 0
Wit h t his administ rat ive cent er f or t he King Count y
buildings. A ribbon window t hat f loat s it above a con-
public library syst em, Miller / Hull t ackled t he dif f icult
cret e plint h underscores t he planar qualit ies of t his
issues of building on t he ragged edge of suburbia.
el evat i on. St eel col umns and braci ng are vi si bl e
Unt il recent ly a semi-rural area wit h clear lakes and
t hrough openings sliced in t he skin, giving t he appear-
st ands of pine t rees, I ssaquah is being subsumed by
ance of being hung on t he st ruct ural f rame. Clear
sprawl as Seat t le’s populat ion inches out ward int o t he
glass windows (unlike t he ubiquit ous t int ed or ref lec-
Cascade f oot hills. The project ’s sit e sit s amidst of f ice
t ive coat ings generally f ound in of f ice parks) are pos-
parks and mega-st ores on a busy art erial road. To t he
sible due t o t riple-t iered brise-soleil of st eel channels
west , across t he highway, is a st eep f orest ed hillside.
and perf orat ed corrugat ed met al.
Prot ect ed wet lands border t he propert y’s nort h and east boundaries.
At 8 0 ,0 0 0 square f eet t he I ssaquah Library Service Cent er is t he f irm’s largest project t o dat e and t he
Miller / Hull est ablished t he project ’s public presence
most programmat ically complex. Early in t he morning
among big-box commercial buildings t hrough ast ut e
books arrive f rom sixt y out lying branch libraries f or
sit ing and t he t ransparency of t he building’s skin.
processing, bef ore redist ribut ion t he same day. I n
They placed t he majorit y of parking in back of t he
addit ion t o f acilit at ing t his int ricat e work f low pat t ern,
building, allowing t he west ern f acade t o act as a bill-
t he project houses t he administ rat ive and t echnology
board along t he road. At one point Miller / Hull consid-
depart ment s f or t he library syst em, as well as a t ravel-
ered silk-screening a super-graphic of dict ionary t ext
ing library and public meet ing rooms. The t hree-st ory
ont o t he met al siding, but board members pref erred
building is organized vert ically, wit h book st orage and
t he color red t o recall t he brick of local municipal
processing on t he ground f loor, administ rat ion and
201
L E F T : C O R R U G AT E D M ET A L SI D I N G E X T E N D S B E Y O N D C O R N E R S T O A P P E A R L I G H T LY L A Y E R E D .
R I G H T : L O B B Y C O N N E C T S S E P A R AT E P U B L I C A N D STA F F EN T R I ES.
publ i c meet i ng spaces on t he second f l oor, and depart ment al of f ices on t he t hird. The sit e slopes down f rom a ground f loor public ent ry on t he nort h t o a lower level loading dock on t he sout h. The building is a series of art iculat ed volumes t hat suggest a variet y of int erior spaces. Two 4 8 -f oot -square concret e cores at t he nort h and sout h ends provide st ruct ural bearing walls and wind shear resist ance. Their poured-in-place concret e walls rise up above t he roof lines t o bookend t he composit ion and conceal roof t op mechanical equipment . I nside t he cores are program element s t hat require visual or acoust ical privacy such as conf erence rooms, privat e of f ices, and t oilet s. This allows t he 3 5 -f oot -wide st eelf rame bays on eit her side of t he cores t o remain open of f ice space. On t he nort h, t he concret e walls f orm a backdrop f or a curved one-st ory volume clad in vert ical st anding-seam met al siding. Current ly a st aging area f or a t raveling library, t his space may house a branch library in t he f ut ure. On t he sout h end of t he
L EF T: CU RVED SPA CE M AY H OU SE F U T U R E B R A N CH L I B R A R Y.
B EL OW : GR OU N D P L A N
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5 R E S T R OOM 8 GR AP H I CS
3 CON F E R E N CE R OOM
6 M E CH AN I CAL / E QU I P M E N T 9 E VA L U AT I O N
1 0 S H OP
1 2 C AT A L O G I N G & P R O C E S S I N G
4 S T OR AGE 7 PRI N TI N G
1 1 L OAD / U N L OAD
13 SH I PPI N G
building, t he core prot rudes just beyond t he main
ed ceiling ref lect daylight int o t he int erior and cont rol 2 0 5
mass of t he building at t he loading dock. A f ine web
sound while revealing t he open-web st eel joist s and
of st eel rods angles down t he t hree-st ory end wall t o
met al decking along t he ext erior wall. Through a f ine
pick up t he edge of a canopy t hat prot ect s t he t rucks
layer of st eel columns and diagonal bracing t he vert i-
unloading books.
cal wall of t rees across t he road appears t hrough t he expanse of windows as a swat h of lush green.
The main public ent ry is of f a raised plaza, t hrough a series of light st eel f rames t hat balance a long narrow
To underscore t he sense t hat t he met al clad ext erior
canopy overhead. From t his point visit ors are direct ed
walls are light ly layered over t he st ruct ure, t he corru-
t o t he of f ices or t hrough a t wo-st ory lobby int o public
gat ed siding does not wrap around corners but ext ends
meet ing rooms. The lobby is a minimal space inside
out beyond some nine inches. A blue st eel column is
t he concret e core wit h a perf orat ed aluminum balcony
t he next layer back and t he window f rames are set
project ing int o it at t he second f loor. A skylight wash-
back wit hin it . The elegant corner det ailing realizes
es one wall wit h nat ural light . This end of t he building
t he design’s larger promise of f loat ing planes. I t is in
can be secured separat ely f or public meet ings in t he
t his ast ut e handling of small and large scales t hat t he
evenings.
building of f ers ways t o ext end int o t he public realm t he modern t radit ion readily f ound in t he region’s res-
St af f ent ers t he lobby area by a st airway f rom a parking lot on t he east side of t he building. I nside, t wo generous st airs t ie t he t hree levels of t he workspaces t oget her. I n t he open of f ice space clouds of suspend-
ident ial archit ect ure.
B E L O W : W E S T E L E VAT I O N
R I G H T : T H E D E SI G N R E C A L L S T H E F O R M S O F T H E I S L A N D ’ S E A R LY B A R N S A N D S AW M I L L S .
Ba i nbr i dge I sl a nd Ci t y H a l l Ba i n b r i d g e I s l a n d , W a s h i n g t o n 2 0 0 0
2 0 6 I n t he early 1 9 0 0 s, Bainbridge I sland was home t o
building. By pushing t he project t o t he nort h west cor-
Port Blakely, t he largest t imber mill in t he world —
ner of t he f ive-acre sit e, Miller / Hull provided a clear-
churning out 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 board f eet of lumber a day.
ing f or a new t own square bounded by t he Cit y Hall,
I ronically, t he new Cit y Hall f or t his once def orest ed
t he exist ing Perf orming Art s Cent er, and in t he near
island now boast s one of t he largest inst allat ions of
f ut ure a mixed-use project . On t he civic cent er’s con-
cert if ied wood f rom f orest s wit h st ringent st ewardship
cret e plaza a minimal st eel st ruct ure support s loud
pract ices. One of t en Eart h Day 2 0 0 0 project s recog-
speakers during public gat herings, awnings over a
nized f or sust ainable design by t he American I nst it ut e
popular weekend f armer’s market , and banners during
f or
out door perf ormances on summer evenings.
Archi t ect s,
t he
Ci t y
Hal l
al so
exempl i f i es
Mi l l er / Hul l ’s subt l e redef i ni t i on of a non-exi st ent Pacific Northwest urbanism. With the astute placement
The new Cit y Hall consolidat es previously scat t ered
of a f ew simple volumes a new civic cent er t hrives in
depart ment s in a st raight f orward design t hat recalls
what was previously an amorphous parking lot .
t he addit ive f orms of t he island’s earlier barns and sawmills. To break down t he mass of t he project ,
The proj ect i s j ust of f t he mai n st reet t hrough
Miller / Hull looked t o t he way vernacular roof s ext end
Winslow — t he disembarking point f or t he 3 5 -minut e
out — but not always at t he same slope — over side
f erry crossing f rom Seat t le. To ease t he 2 4 ,0 0 0 -
aisles t o enclose more space. On t he nort h side of t he
square-f oot Cit y Hall int o a row of low-scale ret ail and
main t wo-st ory gabled volume, a narrow t wo-st ory
resident ial project s, Miller / Hull placed one gable end
ext ension cont inues t he roof at a f lat t er slope. Along
of t he long, narrow volume along Madison Avenue and
t he sout h side, a cont inuous st rip of skylight separat es
removed t he majorit y of t he parking t o behind t he
a wide plane of roof down t o a low porch covering a
FA R L E F T : E X T E R I O R M AT E R I A L S C O N T I N U E I N SI D E
OVER L EA F L EF T: CI T Y COU N CI L CH A M B ER S
A L O N G A D O U B L E - H E I G H T I N T E R I O R S T R E ET. OVER L EA F R I GH T: T I L ES I N COU N T ERT OP S A R E PA RT L E F T : S E C T I O N T H R O U G H W E S T WA L L
O F P U B L I C A R T I N S T A L L AT I O N S .
walkway. The roof slopes up at a valley on t he east end
depart ment and on t he sout h is public works — simpli- 2 0 9
of t he building t o signal t he locat ion of t he council
f ies t rips t o cit y hall by providing one-st op services f or
chambers and visually t erminat e t he long elevat ion.
cit izens; it is possible t o get a marriage license and a building permit in t he same place. The hubbub of
A double-height porch on Madison Avenue leads int o a
every day bureaucrat ic f unct ioning bubbles in t he
glazed lobby wit h a large-scale st eel map of t he island
background but a semi-permeable layering of archi-
visible f rom t he st reet — one of several public art
t ect ural element s def ine space f or t he cit y st af f space
works incorporat ed int o t he project . An int erior st reet
t o work unint errupt ed.
connect s t his ent ry t o one of f t he new civic plaza and provides t he organizing element f or t he design. The
A grand st eel and wood-panel st air leads up t o admin-
ext eri or board-and-bat t en si di ng cl addi ng wraps
ist rat ive and execut ive of f ices on t he upper level. The
inside; windows f rom of f ices on t he second f loor open
mayor has a large second f loor window ont o Madison
ont o it and cont inue t he illusion of being out side. A
wit h a modif ied Pope’s balcony-cum-f lower box. A
skylight physically separat es t he main volume f rom
decorat ive met al gat e secures t he st airway and t he
t he shed over t he hall and is knit back t oget her by
main hall, allowing evening use of t he cit y council
glue-laminat ed raf t ers. Branches f rom a row of wood
chamber. A kings post t russ support s t he valley in t he
columns reach up t o brace t he raf t ers and also bring
roof over t he chamber and underscores t he mult i-
t he scale of t he t wo-st ory space down t o an int imat e
direct ional f lexibilit y of t he room. Large windows open
level at t he count ers t hat run along bot h sides of t he
corners of t he chamber t o t he porch and plaza, allow-
hall. The clear layout — on t he nort h is t he planning
ing t he pubic a glimpse of democracy in act ion.
B E L O W : E A R LY S K ET C H O F S E C T I O N
R I GH T: CON T I N U OU S ST R I P OF SK YL I GH T A L ON G T H E I N T E R I O R S T R E ET
212
Mi l l er / Hul l al so l i nked envi ronment al wi t h soci al
larger t han normal t o play wit h t he scale of t he build-
ideals t hrough a green agenda in t he design and con-
ing. I n some sect ions, t he siding peels back, revealing
st ruct ion of t he project . Over t he years t hey have
t he concret e base or t he wood-f rame st ruct ure t o
f ound success in f ocusing on t wo or t hree areas per
emphasize t he planar nat ure of t he building skin.
project . I n t his case t he emphasis was on cert if ied
Openings cut in t he main volume cent er on t he st ruc-
wood, nat ural daylight ing, and indoor air qualit y.
t ure t o reveal a wood post wit h windows on eit her side,
Alt hough t he old ex-t imber execut ives on t he island
underscoring t he sense of layers. Miller / Hull’s det ail-
were suspicious of wood f rom f orest s managed by a
ing t ransf ormed t he vernacular int o t he modern and
non-prof it cert if ying agency, t he project is now a show-
resolved t he dichot omy in public sent iment f or an
case f or t his new direct ion in green buildings. The sky-
unost ent at ious Cit y Hall t hat nevert heless project s a
light running down t he cent er of t he building and t he
st rong civic presence.
narrow open plan guarant ee t hat no desk is more t han t went y f eet f rom daylight . For healt hier indoor air, openings above t he windows in t he main hall enhance air circulat ion and low volat ile organic compounds and non-t oxic f inishes are used t hroughout t he building. The design t weaks t he simple volumes and t aut skins of t he island’s barns and t imber mills. The size of t he boards and bat t ens cladding t he ext erior are slight ly
D E G R E E S O F S E P A R A T IO N
214
M iller / H ull successfully negotiates the fine line between
essence: shelter from the rain. U nder an overreaching
change (which often occurs for its own sake) and conti-
roof, walls are superfluous and, in a m ild clim ate, walls
nuity (which often devolves into dull repetition). Change
are a m uch less im portant elem ent, prim arily a barrier
is evident in their em blem atic details: the attenuated
between the inside and the outdoors. As M iller / H ull’s
struts that hold up overhangs, circular windows punched
em phasis shifts from overscaled roofs to flat volum es,
in doors and walls, and the “ V” of steel rod supports.
beginning with the Garfield Com m unity Center and then
These architectural elem ents appear, undergo a process
with the Roddy / B ale and M ichaels / Sisson residences, it
of refinem ent over several projects, and then disappear
b ec om es c lear th at th e u n in ter r u p ted
before their visual freshness expires. At the sam e tim e,
between interior and exterior is their focus. Few Pacific
r elation sh ip
the fundam ental values underlying M iller / H ull’s work —
N orthwest architects explore this relationship to the
the connection to the outdoors, lightness, transparency,
degree that M iller / H ull has and it continues to distin-
and an econom y of m eans — provide a m alleable contin-
guish their work. The glazed garage doors that whisk
uum . As the designers m ature and the projects becom e
entire walls out of the way are still present but at the
m ore com plex, there is a m ore subtle m eans revealed in
Roddy / B ale residence they com bine to create a new type
their ideas that give m eaningful context to the earlier
of space that is neither exterior nor interior but changes
work.
easily to fit its use. There are also finer variations in the way M iller / H ull penetrates the building skin. In early
One exam ple is M iller / H ull’s iconic roofs. In their exag-
projects the openings tend to be one extrem e or the
geration of the sim ple shed form s of the region’s tim ber
other: punched windows in a solid wall or glass infill
m ills they distill Pacific N orthwest architecture to its
between exposed colum ns and beam s. In m ore recent
GI R VI N CA B I N SI T E, D ECAT U R I SL A N D , WA SH I N GT ON
projects a com bination of these two attitudes appears
th eir p r ojec ts p lay in u n tan glin g an d tr an sfor m in g
with th e Lak e Wash in gton Sc h ool Distric t Resou rc e
am or p h ou s town c en ter s or th e ju m b led ed ges of
Center and the B ainbridge Island City H all to em phasize
suburbia. Instead of the singular, identifiable im age of
the layered quality of the cladding. In both designs large
Olym pic Com m unity College’s front porch beckoning
openings in the exterior wall center on the structural grid
along a wooded road, the B ainbridge Island City H all
to reveal a colum n with windows on either side. B ut it is
projects a m ulti-faceted presence that reinforces the
the m etal clad volum e of the Roddy / B ale residence that
variety of public uses of a civic center. While M iller / H ull’s
m akes clear that M iller / H ull has less interest in tectonics
new projects are larger and m ore com plex, the budgets
than in lightness and transparency. Openings cut, slice,
are not necessarily m ore generous. The lessons in econ-
and punch through the house' s taut skin to im bue it with
om y that fostered their innovation with off-the-shelf
the buoyancy of a tent in the woods.
m aterials still resonate as they continue to challenge the constraints of tim e, m oney, and conventional program s.
Over tim e, th e grap h ic , two-d im en sion al q u ality of
This tenacity, as well as the rigor and clarity of their early
M iller / H ull’s early projects is ceding to the scenographic.
work, rem ain but are never form ulaic. Instead there is a
The vast roof over the Water Pollution Control Laboratory
sense of intuitiveness in the proportions of volum es, the
is less a unifying gesture than the consideration of a fifth
texture and colors, and in the connection to the past that
facade visible from the St. John' s suspension bridge
gives M iller / H ull’s designs an em otional authenticity. In a
overhead. Part of this is the result of the increasing size
region concerned with preserving its uniqueness, this
and program m atic com plexity of the projects that are not
accessibility to m odernism is their unique contribution to
reducible to a single im age. B ut it is also due to the role
a vibrant architecture of the Pacific N orthwest.
215
P R O JEC T D ATA
216
Gor ton/ Bounds Ca bi n
Novot ny Ca bi n
Uni ve rsi ty of Wa shi ngton
Decat ur I sl and, WA
Decat ur I sl and, WA
Coa c he s Boa t House
Bui l di ng Area: 6 0 0 s.f .
Bui l di ng Area: 8 4 0 s.f .
Seat t l e, WA
Si t e Area: 1 0 0 -f oot di amet er ci rcl e
Si t e Area: 1 0 0 -f oot di amet er ci rcl e
Bui l di ng Area: 3 ,0 2 4 s.f .
Cl i ent : Li nda Gort on and Ken Bounds
Cl i ent : Cynt hi a Novot ny
Cl i ent : Uni versi t y of Washi ngt on
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
(part ner-i n-charge)
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn)
(part ner-i n-charge)
Engi neers: Bal l i nger|Smi t h Engi neers
Engi neers: Greg Hi at t (st ruct ural )
Consul t ant s: KCM (st ruct ural ); Jongej an /
(st ruct ural )
General Cont ract or: Habi t at Const ruct i on,
Gerrard / McNeal (l andscape archi t ect ure)
General Cont ract or: Dave Shore
Pet e Pederson
General Contractor: Hurlen Construction Co.
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 8 7
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 9 0
Compl et i on Dat e: Apri l 1 9 9 3
M a ri ne Te c hnol ogy Fa c i l i ty,
Boe i ng Ca fe te ri a
Gi rvi n Ca bi n
Se a t tl e Ce nt ra l Communi ty Col l e ge
Tukwi l a, WA
Decat ur I sl and, WA
Seat t l e, WA
Bui l di ng Area: 1 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Bui l di ng Area: 1 ,9 5 0 s.f .
Bui l di ng Area: 6 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Cl i ent : Boei ng Company / Boei ng
Si t e Area: 1 0 0 -f oot di amet er ci rcl e
Si t e Area: 2 .2 acres
Engi neeri ng and Const ruct i on
Cl i ent : Ti m Gi rvi n and Kat hl een Robert s
Cl i ent : Seat t l e Cent ral Communi t y
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Col l ege
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Norman
(part ner-i n-charge); Vi ct ori a Cart er
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
St rong, AI A (part ner-i n-charge); Li sa
(proj ect manager)
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Debra Bat t l e
Ki rkendal l , AI A (proj ect manager);
Engi neers: C.T. Engi neeri ng (st ruct ural )
(proj ect manager)
St eve Tat ge, AI A (proj ect archi t ect )
General Cont ract or: Avery Bui l ders
Engi neers: H.K. Ki m Engi neers, I nc.
Engi neers: KPFF Engi neers
Compl et i on Dat e: May 1 9 9 4
(st ruct ural ); Anne Symonds & Associ at es
(st ruct ural /ci vi l ); D.W. Thomson
(ci vi l ); Larry At ki nson & Associ at es
Consul t ant s, Lt d. (mechani cal );
Ga rfi e l d Communi ty Ce nte r
(el ect ri cal )
Sparl i ng Company (el ect ri cal )
Seat t l e, WA
General Cont ract or: C.E. & C. I nc.
Consul t ant s: Bruce Dees & Associ at es
Bui l di ng Area: 2 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 8 7
(l andscape archi t ect ure); Rest aurant
Si t e Area: 3 acres
Desi gn & Sal es, Redmond (ki t chen
Cl i ent : Seat t l e Parks and Recreat i on
Ar t St udi os,
desi gn)
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Eve rgre e n St a te Col l e ge
General Cont ract or: Ferguson
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Norman
Ol ympi a, WA
Const ruct i on
St rong, AI A (part ner-i n-charge); St eve
Bui l di ng Area: 1 1 ,8 0 0 s.f .
Compl et i on Dat e: Oct ober 1 9 9 1
Tat ge, AI A, Phi l i p Chri st of i des (proj ect
Si t e Area: 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 s.f .
managers); Amy Lel yvel d, Chri st i ne
Cl i ent : Evergreen St at e Col l ege
M a rqua nd Re t re a t
Art hur (proj ect t eam)
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
Naches Ri ver Val l ey, WA
Engi neers: H.K. Ki m Engi neers, I nc.
(part ner-i n-charge); Pat ri ck Sheahan,
Bui l di ng Area: 4 5 0 s.f .
(st ruct ural ); The Greenbusch Group
AI A, Phi l i p Chri st of i des, AI A (proj ect
Si t e Area: 2 0 0 acres
(mechani cal ); At ki nson / Rei chard
archi t ect s)
Cl i ent : Ed Marquand
(el ect ri cal ); SvR Desi gn Company (ci vi l )
Engi neers: H.K. Ki m Engi neers, I nc.
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
Consul t ant s: Murase Associ at es
(st ruct ural ); At ki nson Associ at es
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Phi l i p
(l andscape archi t ect ure), Makers
(el ect ri cal ); D.W. Thomson Consul t ant s,
Chri st ophi des, AI A (proj ect manager)
(pl anni ng); C3 MG (proj ect cost i ng)
Lt d. (mechani cal )
Engi neers: Margori e Lund (st ruct ural )
General Cont ract or: Lamb Longo
General Cont ract or: Berschauer / Phi l l i ps
General Cont ract or: Vet ch & Pet ersen
Compl et i on Dat e: November 1 9 9 4
Const ruct i on Company
Compl et i on Dat e: November 1 9 9 2
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 9 0
Ol ympi c Col l e ge , She l ton
Si t e Area: 7 .6 acres
(l andscape archi t ect ure); C3 Management
Shel t on, WA
Cl i ent : Bureau of Envi ronment al Servi ces
Group (proj ect cost i ng)
Bui l di ng Area: 8 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
General Cont ract or: Al dri ch & Associ at es
Si t e Area: 2 7 acres
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Norman
Compl et i on Dat e: March 1 9 9 7
Cl i ent : Ol ympi c Col l ege
St rong, AI A (part ner-i n-charge); Ri chard
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Wheal an, AI A (proj ect manager, desi gn
Poi nt Robe r ts Borde r St a ti on
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn);
and document s); St even Tat ge, AI A
Poi nt Robert s, WA
Scot t Wol f (proj ect manager)
(proj ect manager, pl anni ng)
Bui l di ng Area: 1 2 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Engi neers: AKB Engi neers (st ruct ural ),
Engi neers: KPFF Engi neers (st ruct ural );
Si t e Area: 2 acres
The Greenbusch Group (mechani cal ),
Bui l di ng Syst em RX, Nort hwest
Cl i ent : US Government , General Servi ces
SvR Desi gn Company (ci vi l )
(mechani cal ); West l ake Associ at es (ci vi l );
Admi ni st rat i on, Depart ment of
Consul t ant s: C3 Management Group
CH2 M Hi l l (geot echni cal ); Cochran
I mmi grat i on & Nat ural i zat i on,
(proj ect cost i ng), SvR Desi gn Company
Broadway (el ect ri cal )
US Cust oms Servi ce
(l andscape archi t ect ure)
Consul t ant s: SERA Archi t ect , P.C.
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
General Cont ract or: Const ruct i on
(archi t ect of record); Port l and Gas &
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Crai g Curt i s,
Ent erpri ses & Cont ract ors, I nc.
El ect ri c Commerci al Ef f i ci ency Program;
AI A (part ner-i n-charge); Chri st i ne Art hur,
Compl et i on Dat e: Oct ober 1 9 9 5
Charl i e Brown, Uni versi t y of Oregon
Scot t Wol f , AI A (proj ect managers);
(energy ef f i ci ency); Turner Const ruct i on
Pet er Wol f , Anni e Han, Chri s Pat ano
NW Fe de ra l Cre di t Uni on
Company (const ruct i on managers); Ani xt er
(proj ect t eam)
Seat t l e, WA
Brot her, I nc. (voi ce & dat a); Dan Merkt
Engi neers: KPFF Consul t i ng Engi neers
Bui l di ng Area: 4 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
(art i st ); CH2 M Hi l l (l ab pl anni ng); Murase
(ci vi l /st ruct ural ); Wood / Harbi nger I nc.
Si t e Area: 1 .4 acres
Associ at es (l andscape archi t ect ure);
(mechani cal ); Sparl i ng (el ect ri cal );
Cl i ent : NW Federal Credi t Uni on
St rode Eckert Phot ographi c
GeoEngi neers (geot echni cal )
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
(phot ographers)
Consul t ant s: Ackroyd (proj ect cost i ng);
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Si an Robert s,
General Cont ract or: U.S. Paci f i c Bui l ders
Art Anderson & Associ at es (const ruct i on
AI A, Scot t Wol f , AI A, Ai dan St ret ch
Compl et i on Dat e: February 1 9 9 7
admi ni st rat i on); EDAW, I nc. (l andscape archi t ect ure)
(proj ect archi t ect s); St eve Sout herl and, AI A, Hol den Wi t hi ngt on (proj ect man-
Ta homa Na ti ona l Ce me te ry
General Contractor: Arango Construction Co.
agers)
Kent , WA
Compl et i on Dat e: June 1 9 9 7
Engi neers: H.K. Ki m Engi neers, I nc.
Bui l di ng Area: 1 ,2 3 0 s.f . publ i c i nf orma-
(st ruct ural ); SvR Desi gn Company (ci vi l );
t i on bui l di ng (mai n ent rance); f our 8 3 2
Ya qui na He a d I nte rpre ti ve Ce nte r
Wood / Harbri nger (mechani cal ); Sparl i ng
s.f . open-ai r commi t t al shel t ers; 4 ,1 6 5
Newport , OR
(el ect ri cal ); GeoEngi neers (soi l )
s.f . of f i ce space; 9 ,9 6 0 s.f . mai nt enance /
Bui l di ng Area: 1 8 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Consul t ant s: Pal adi no Consul t i ng
vehi cl e st orage; 2 1 ,8 2 5 s.f . servi ce yard
Si t e Area: 1 2 0 acres
(sust ai nabl e desi gn); Jongej an / Gerrard /
Si t e Area: 1 6 0 acres
Cl i ent : US Government Bureau of
McNeal (l andscape archi t ect ure); Genet t e
Cl i ent : Nat i onal Cemet ery Syst em, US
Land Management
Voynow (l i ght i ng); The Greenbusch Group
Depart ment of Vet eran Af f ai rs
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
(acoust i cal ); Mark Smi t h (branch bank
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Crai g Curt i s,
const ruct i on)
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Vi ct ori a
AI A (part ner-i n-charge); Chri st i ne
General Cont ract or: Lease Crut cher Lewi s
Cart er, Scot t Wol f , AI A, Pet er Wol f f
Art hur (proj ect manager); Si an Robert s,
Compl et i on Dat e: January 1 9 9 6
(proj ect archi t ect s)
Pet er Wol f f (proj ect t eam)
Engineers: H.K. Kim Engineers, I nc.
Engi neers: KCM I nc. (st ruct ural /ci vi l );
Wa te r Pol l uti on Cont rol La bora tory
(st ruct ural); Si der & Byers Associ at es
CBG Engi neers (mechani cal /el ect ri cal );
Port l and, OR
(mechani cal ); At ki nson-Rei chard
Hong West Engi neers (geot echni cal )
Bui l di ng Area: 4 0 ,0 0 0 s.f . (1 5 ,0 0 0 s.f .
(el ect ri cal )
Consul t ant s: Al dri ch Pears Assoc., Lt d.
of l aborat ori es + 2 5 ,0 0 0 s.f . of servi ces)
Consul t ant s: Jongej an / Gerrard / McNeal
(i nt erpret i ve exhi bi t ry); Murase
217
Associ at es (l andscape archi t ect ure);
Group (proj ect cost i ng)
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn);
Ri der Hunt Ackroyd (proj ect cost i ng);
General Cont ract or: Lugo Const ruct i on
Si an Robert s (proj ect manager)
Towne, Ri chards, Chaudi ere (acoust i cs);
Compl et i on Dat e: December 1 9 9 7
Engineers: Dayle B. Houk & Co. (structural)
Dougl as Wel ch Desi gn Assoc., Lt d.
Consul t ant s: Sharon Campbel l I nt eri or
(l i ght i ng); St ephen Dow Beckham
Ha nsma n Re si de nc e
Desi gn
(i nt erpret i ve research)
Seat t l e, WA
General Cont ract or: VK Powel l
General Cont ract or: Sl ayden Const ruct i on
Bui l di ng Area: 3 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Compl et i on Dat e: March 1 9 9 8
Compl et i on Dat e: June 1 9 9 7
Si t e Area: 9 ,6 0 0 s.f . Cl i ent : John and Lori Hansman
M i c ha e l s / Si sson Re si de nc e
La k e Wa shi ngton Sc hool Di st ri c t
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Mercer I sl and, WA
Re sourc e Ce nte r
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn);
Bui l di ng Area: 2 ,4 0 0 s.f .
Redmond, WA
Vi ct ori a Cart er (proj ect manager)
Si t e Area: 2 .5 acres
Bui l di ng Area: 5 5 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Consul t ant s: Beers / Wi t hi ngt on
Cl i ent : Larry Si sson and Amy Mi chael s
Si t e Area: 1 .9 acres
(l andscape archi t ect ure);
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Cl i ent : Lake Washi ngt on School Di st ri ct
C.T. Engi neers (st ruct ural )
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn);
No. 4 1 4
General Cont ract or: Hansman Const ruct i on
Amy DeDomi ni ci s (proj ect manager)
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A (part ner-
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 9 7
Engi neers: Dayl e B. Houk & Co.
i n-charge, desi gn); Norman St rong, AI A
218
(st ruct ural )
(part ner-i n-charge); Ri chard Wheal an
Di sc ove ry Pa rk Vi si tor Ce nte r
Consul t ant s: Quant um Wi ndows
(proj ect manager); Si an Robert s, Anni e
Seat t l e, WA
(vert i cal -l i f t wi ndow engi neeri ng);
Han (proj ect archi t ect s)
Bui l di ng Area: 1 1 ,5 0 0 s.f .
James F. Housel , Art Gri ce
Engi neers: KPFF Consul t i ng Engi neers
Si t e Area: 2 .5 acres
(phot ographers)
(st ruct ural /ci vi l ); The Greenbusch Group
Cl i ent : Seat t l e Parks & Recreat i on
General Cont ract or: Jef f rey Davi s
(mechani cal ); Sparl i ng
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
Const ruct i on
(el ect ri cal /communi cat i ons)
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); St eve Tat ge,
Compl et i on Dat e: Oct ober 1 9 9 8
Consul t ant s: Al l bee-Romei n (syst ems
AI A (proj ect manager), Vi ct ori a Cart er
f urni shi ngs); C3 Management Group
(proj ect archi t ect )
Roddy / Ba l e Re si de nc e
(proj ect cost i ng); Hewi t t (l andscape
Engi neers: H.K. Ki m Engi neer, I nc.
Bel l evue, WA
archi t ect ure)
(st ruct ural ); The Greenbusch Group
Bui l di ng Area: 2 ,8 0 0 s.f .
General Cont ract or: Crownover
(mechani cal ); Berona / Langebart el
Si t e Area: 4 5 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Const ruct i on Company
(el ect ri cal ); AKB Engi neers, I nc. (ci vi l )
Cl i ent : Jan Roddy and Marc Bal e
Compl et i on Dat e: August 1 9 9 7
Consul t ant s: Wort hy & Associ at es
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
(l andscape archi t ect ure); Raven
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn);
Nor t h Ki tsa p Tra nspor t a ti on Ce nte r
Communi cat i ons (i nt erpret i ve desi gn);
Amy Lel yvel d (proj ect manager)
Poul sbo, WA
Kanezo Anyo Domot o, Archi t ect
Engi neers: CT Engi neeri ng (st ruct ural );
Bui l di ng Area: 2 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
(speci f i cat i ons); Bruce Meyers (art i st )
SvR Desi gn Company (ci vi l )
Si t e Area: 5 acres
General Cont ract or: Const ruct i on
General Cont ract or: Jerry Ful ks
Cl i ent : Nort h Ki t sap School Di st ri ct
I nt ernat i onal
Compl et i on Dat e: December 1 9 9 8
Proj ect Team: Norman St rong, AI A
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 9 7
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Amy Lel yvel d
Chi ng Ca bi n
(proj ect archi t ect )
Ca mpbe l l Orc ha rd Re si de nc e
Maury I sl and, WA
Engi neers: CT Engi neeri ng (st ruct ural );
Ti et on, WA
Bui l di ng Area: 6 0 0 s.f .
The Greenbusch Group (mechani cal );
Bui l di ng Area: 1 ,3 5 0 s.f .
Si t e Area: 1 0 acres
Cof f man Engi neers (el ect ri cal )
Si t e Area: 1 8 0 -acre ranch
Cl i ent : Chi ng f ami l y
Consul t ant s: SvR Desi gn Company
Cl i ent : Sharon and Crai g Campbel l
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
(l andscape archi t ect ure); The Robi nson
Proj ect Team: Crai g Curt i s, AI A
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn)
Engi neers: Dayl e B. Houk & Co.
Ba i nbri dge I sl a nd Ci ty Ha l l
The Greenbusch Group (mechanical /
(st ruct ural )
Bai nbri dge I sl and, WA
acoust ical / AV); Cross Engineers
General Cont ract or: Bel l an Const ruct i on
Bui l di ng Area: 2 4 ,0 0 0 s.f .
(elect rical)
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 9 8
Si t e Area: 5 acres
Consult ant s: Design Perspect ives (int erior
Cl i ent : Ci t y of Bai nbri dge I sl and
design); At elier, P.S. (landscape
Fre mont Publ i c Assoc i a ti on
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
archit ect ure)
Seat t l e, WA
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); Crai g Curt i s,
General Cont ract or: Berschauer Phi l l i ps
Bui l di ng Area: 3 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
AI A (part ner-i n-charge); St eve Tat ge, AI A
Const ruct i on Company
Si t e Area: 1 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
(proj ect manager); Robert Hut chi son, P.E.
Compl et i on Dat e: 2 0 0 0
Cl i ent : Fremont Publ i c Associ at i on and
(proj ect archi t ect )
Val Thomas, I nc.
Engi neers: SvR Desi gn Company (ci vi l );
Envi ronme nt a l Pa vi l i on,
Proj ect Team: Robert Hul l , FAI A
KPFF (st ruct ural ); The Greenbusch Group
19 9 6 Atl a nt a Summe r Ol ympi c s
(part ner-i n-charge, desi gn); St eve Tat ge,
(mechani cal ); Sparl i ng (el ect ri cal ), Myers
At l ant a, GA
AI A (proj ect manager); Dan Mi hal yo
Bi odynami cs (geot echni cal )
Bui l di ng Area: 8 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
(proj ect archi t ect )
Consul t ant s: Robert Wagner Desi gn
Si t e Area: 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 s.f .
Engineers: AKB Engineers (civil /structural);
(programmi ng); Cascade Desi gn
Cl i ent : CH2 M Hi l l , Ol ympi cs Mast er
The Greenbusch Group (mechani cal );
Col l aborat i ve (l andscape archi t ect ure);
Pl anners
Sparl i ng (el ect ri cal )
Al l bee Romei n (i nt eri or desi gn); Mat son
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
Consult ant s: Beers / Wi t hi ngt on (l andscape
Carl son (proj ect cost i ng); Adams &
(part ner-i n-charge); Ai dan St ret ch
archit ect ure); Robinson Co. (project
Gol dswort hy (surveyors); O’ Bri en &
(proj ect manager); Andrew Mi chael s
cost ing);
Company (envi ronment al /sust ai nabi l i t y);
(proj ect archi t ect )
General Contractor: Walsh Construction Co.
El mqui st Associ at es, I nc. (const ruct i on
Engi neers: KPFF (st ruct ural )
Compl et i on Dat e: 1 9 9 8
management ); WPA (envi ronment al graph-
Compl et i on Dat e: unbui l t
i cs); Carol yn Law (art ) Va shon I sl a nd Tra nsfe r
Art i st s: Gayl e Bard, Eri n Shi e Pal mer,
Pa sse nge r- Onl y Fe rry Te rmi na l
a nd Re c yc l i ng St a ti on
El i zabet h Whi t e, Phi l l i p Bal dwi n, Mi chel e
Col man Dock, Seat t l e, WA
Vashon I sl and, WA
G. Van Sl yke, Ceci l Ross, Vi rgi ni a Keyser
Bui l di ng Area: 7 ,5 0 0 s.f .
Bui l di ng Area: 8 ,5 0 0 s.f . t ransf er
General Cont ract or: Col umbi a Paci f i c
Si t e Area: 1 6 ,0 0 0 s.f . wi t h f l oat
bui l di ng; 4 0 0 s.f . scal e house
Cont ract ors, I nc.
Cl i ent : Washi ngt on St at e Depart ment of
Si t e Area: 1 1 acres
Compl et i on Dat e: 2 0 0 0
Transport at i on, Mari ne Di vi si on
Cl i ent : Ki ng Count y Sol i d Wast e Di vi si on
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A
Proj ect Team: Norman St rong, AI A
Ki ng County Li bra ry Se rvi c e Ce nte r
(part ner-i n-charge); Crai g Curt i s, AI A
(part ner-i n-charge); Si an Robert s (proj ect
I ssaquah, WA
(proj ect manager); Mark Van der Zanden
manager); Lauri e Fanger (proj ect archi -
Bui l di ng Area: 8 0 ,0 0 0 s.f .
(proj ect archi t ect )
t ect )
Si t e Area: 5 .6 acres
Engi neers: KPFF (st ruct ural ); Tres West
Engi neers: Thomas Wri ght , I nc. (ci vi l );
Cl i ent : Ki ng Count y Li brary Syst em
Engi neers (mechani cal ); Rosewat er (ci vi l )
CH2 M Hi l l (mechani cal /el ect ri cal ); H.K.
Proj ect Team: Davi d Mi l l er, FAI A (part ner-
Consul t ant s: Paul Kos (art i st ); KJM
Ki m Engi neers, I nc. (st ruct ural ); HWA
i n-charge, desi gn); Norman St rong, AI A
Associ at es (schedul i ng); Gl ost en
Geosci ences, I nc. (t est i ng /geot echni cal )
(part ner-i n-charge); Si an Robert s (proj ect
Associ at es (wave anal ysi s); Hong West
Consul t ant s: Susan Bl ack and
manager); Laura Haf ermann, Mark
(geot echni cal ); Mat son Carl son (proj ect
Associ at es, I nc. (l andscape archi t ect ure);
Adams, Teresa Shannon, Ri ch Wheal an,
cost i ng); Kal l e Al j as (speci f i cat i ons)
Tri angl e Associ at es (publ i c i nvol vement );
Scot t Wol f (proj ect archi t ect s /desi gn
Compl et i on Dat e: unbui l t
Deborah Mersky (art i st /educat or)
t eam)
General Cont ract or: Pease Const ruct i on
Engi neers: AKB Engi neers (st ruct ural );
I nc.
Concept Engi neeri ng (ci vi l );
Compl et i on Dat e: March 1 9 9 9
219
C H R O N O L O G Y O F B U IL D IN G S A N D PROJECT S
19 7 7 19 7 9
W a r r e n Re s i d e n c e
M e r c y Ea r t h S h e l t e r Re s i d e n c e
M oses Lak e, Wash i n gt on
Lak e M ar c el , Wash i n gt on
Ce d a r H i l l s Ac t i v i t i e s Bu i l d i n g
19 8 4
M ap l e Val l ey, Wash i n gt on
Ce n t r a l P a r k S t r u c t u r e s
B el l evu e, Wash i n gt on ( c om p et i t i on en t r y)
Ev e r g r e e n S t a t e Co l l e g e Ac t i v i t i e s Bu i l d i n g
19 8 5
Ol ym p i a, Wash i n gt on
T h e AW ARE S h e l t e r
Ju n eau , Al ask a
(unbuilt) W a shi n g t on St a t e Pa vi l i on
Van c ou ver, B r i t i sh Col u m b i a ( c om p et i t i on en t r y)
19 8 6
Ki n g Co u n t y/ M e t r o En v i r o n m e n t a l La b
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
19 8 7
Go r t o n / Bo u n d s Ca b i n
D ec at u r I sl an d , Wash i n gt on S e a t t l e Ce n t r a l
19 8 0
19 8 2
U ni ve rsi t y of W a shi n g t on
Co m m u n i t y Co l l e g e M a r i n e
He a l t h Sc i e nc e s Proj e c t s
Te c h n o l o g y Fa c i l i t y
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
H a n s e n Re s i d e n c e
M e t z g e r Re s i d e n c e
M oses Lak e, Wash i n gt on
M ar ysvi l l e, Wash i n gt on
T h e Ki m m i c k Ea r t h
M e a d o w d a l e Be a c h Ra n g e r s
S h e l t e r Re s i d e n c e
Re s i d e n c e & P a r k S t r u c t u r e s
Cl e El u m , Wash i n gt on
Lyn n w ood , Wash i n gt on
Al k i Be a c h S t r u c t u r e s
19 8 8
Fi r s t H i l l Di a g n o s t i c ( M RI )
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
I m a g i n g Ce n t e r
( c om p et i t i on en t r y)
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Ki n g Co u n t y Co u r t h o u s e
Ad a m s El e m e n t a r y S c h o o l
Re n o v a t i o n
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
H A N S E N R E S I D E N CE K I N G COU N T Y/ M E T R O E N VI R ON M E N TA L L A B WE AVE R B E R GH R E S I D E N CE & S T U D I O
19 8 9
U ni ve rsi t y of W a shi n g t on
S e a t t l e Ce n t r a l Co m m u n i t y
At h l e t i c P r o g r a m Of f i c e s
Co l l e g e W o o d Te c h n o l o g y
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Fa c i l i t y
(unbuilt)
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
W a shi n g t on St a t e U ni ve rsi t y
U ni ve rsi t y of W a shi n g t on
Fo o d S e r v i c e s Bu i l d i n g
H e n d e r s o n H a l l Ad d i t i o n
Pu l l m an , Wash i n gt on
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on (unbuilt)
Bo l e n Ca b i n
D ec at u r I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
Ja c k s o n Ca b i n
D ec at u r I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
19 9 0
Ev e r g r e e n S t a t e Co l l e g e Ar t S t u d i o s Ad d i t i o n
P o s c h m a n Re s i d e n c e
Ol ym p i a, Wash i n gt on
Or c as I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
N o v o t n y Ca b i n
19 9 2
D ec at u r I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
221 M a r q u a n d Re t r e a t
N ac h es R i ver Val l ey, Wash i n gt on
Fa d e m Re s i d e n c e
Or c as I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
S n a k e La k e N a t u r e Ce n t e r
Tac om a, Wash i n gt on Fi s h e r i e s Te a c h i n g & Re s e a r c h Fa c i l i t y a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f
N o r t h a v e n As s i s t e d
W a shi n g t on
Li v i n g Fa c i l i t y
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
W e i s s b o u r d Re s i d e n c e
La k e s i d e S c h o o l Ar t s Fa c i l i t y
B ai n b r i d ge I sl an d , WA
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on ( c om p et i t i on en t r y)
19 9 1
Bo e i n g Ca f e t e r i a
Tu k w i l a, Wash i n gt on
W e a v e r Be r g h Re s i d e n c e & S t u d i o
B ai n b r i d ge I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
Ve l o d r o m e & Bi c y c l e M u s e u m
R ed m on d , Wash i n gt on (unbuilt)
19 9 3
U ni ve rsi t y of W a shi n g t on Co a c h e s Bo a t h o u s e
La k e W a s h i n g t o n U n i t e d
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
M e t h o d i s t Ch u r c h
Ki r k l an d , Wash i n gt on
Co m m u n i t y Ce n t e r
SeaTac , Wash i n gt on
19 9 4
M c Ca w Ce l l u l a r Of f i c e s
Ci t y Li g h t H e a d q u a r t e r s Of f i c e s
Ki r k l an d , Wash i n gt on
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Gi r v i n Ca b i n
Ro l f a n d H u n n e r Re s i d e n c e s
D ec at u r I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
El ec t r i c Ci t y, Wash i n gt on
Ga r f i e l d Co m m u n i t y Ce n t e r
19 9 7
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
La k e W a s h i n g t o n S c h o o l Di s t r i c t Re s o u r c e Ce n t e r
R ed m on d , Wash i n gt on Fi r e S t a t i o n N o . 8
B el l evu e, Wash i n gt on
Ta h o m a N a t i o n a l Ce m e t e r y
Ken t , Wash i n gt on
19 9 5
Ol y m p i c Co l l e g e
Sh el t on , Wash i n gt on
P o i n t Ro b e r t s Bo r d e r S t a t i o n
Poi n t R ob er t s, Wash i n gt on P a s s e n g e r- On l y Fe r r y Te r m i n a l
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
N o r t h Ki t s a p
(unbuilt)
Tr a n s p o r t a t i o n Ce n t e r
Pou l sb o, Wash i n gt on Ro u n d y Re s i d e n c e a t Eb e y s La n d i n g
W a t e r P o l l u t i o n Co n t r o l La b
Cou p evi l l e, Wash i n gt on
Por t l an d , Or egon SERA ARCH I TECTS,
19 9 6
N W Fe d e r a l Cr e d i t U n i o n
PC- ARCH I TECTS OF RECORD
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on Di s c o v e r y P a r k V i s i t o r Ce n t e r
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
M c Co l l u m P a r k & Ri d e Fa c i l i t y
Tac om a, Wash i n gt on Ya q u i n a H e a d I n t e r p r e t i ve Ce n t e r
N ew p or t , Or egon
Co m m u n i t y Ce n t e r
I ssaq u ah , Wash i n gt on H a n s m a n Re s i d e n c e
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Ca m a r d a Re s i d e n c e
Vash on I sl an d , Wash i n gt on M a r k s Re s i d e n c e
Vash on I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
Pa t a goni a W orl dw i de Di s t r i b u t i o n Ce n t e r
R en o, N evad a
19 9 8
Ca m p b e l l Or c h a r d Re s i d e n c e
Ti et on , Wash i n gt on
M C C O L L U M P A R K & R I D E FA C I L I T Y CI T Y L I GH T H E A D QU A RT E R S OF F I CE S T I L L A M OOK F OR E S T I N T E R P R E T I VE CE N T E R
Ci t y Li g h t H e a d q u a r t e r s Of f i c e s
1999
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on Ya q u i n a H e a d V i s i t o r s Ce n t e r
N ew p or t , Or egon
Ro l f a n d H u n n e r Re s i d e n c e s
El ec t r i c Ci t y, Wash i n gt on H a n s m a n Re s i d e n c e
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
La k e W a s h i n g t o n S c h o o l Di s t r i c t Re s o u r c e Ce n t e r
M a r k s Re s i d e n c e
Vash on I sl an d , Wash i n gt on Ca m p b e l l Or c h a r d Re s i d e n c e
Ti et on , Wash i n gt on Ch i n g Ca b i n
M au r y I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
223 M i c h a e l s / S i s s o n Re s i d e n c e
2000
M er c er I sl an d , Wash i n gt on Ro d d y / Ba l e Re s i d e n c e
B el l evu e, Wash i n gt on R ed m on d , Wash i n gt on
Fr e m o n t P u b l i c As s o c i a t i o n
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on Ta h o m a N a t i o n a l Ce m e t e r y
Tac om a, Wash i n gt on
H a r b o r v i e w Te a c h i n g & Re s e a r c h Fa c i l i t y
P o i n t Ro b e r t s Bo r d e r S t a t i o n
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Poi n t R ob er t s, Wash i n gt on
CON SU LTAN T TO M BT ARCH I TECTS
N o r t h Ki t s a p
M e t r o Va n Di s t r i b u t i o n Ce n t e r
Tr a n s p o r t a t i o n Ce n t e r
R ed m on d , Wash i n gt on
Pou l sb o, Wash i n gt on M a g n o l i a Co m m u n i t y P o o l W a t e r P o l l u t i o n Co n t r o l La b
Seat t l e, Wash i n gt on
Por t l an d , Or egon SERA ARCH I TECTS,
Jo n e s Ca b i n
PC- ARCH I TECTS OF RECORD
St u ar t I sl an d , Wash i n gt on
Di s c o v e r y P a r k V i s i t o r Ce n t e r
Tr a n s f e r & Re c y c l i n g S t a t i o n
A WA R D S
2000
Honor Award, AI A Nat i onal
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Ol ym pi c Col l ege Shel t on / Shel t on, WA
Poi nt Robert s Border Faci l i t y / Poi nt Robert s, WA
Bai nbri dge I sl and Ci t y Hal l / Bai nbri dge I sl and, WA
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Chi ng Cabi n / M aury I sl and, WA
Roddy / Bal e Resi dence / Bel l evue, WA
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er M i chael s / Si sson Resi dence / M ercer
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Honor Award ASLA,
I sl and, WA
Nat i onal Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol Honor Award, AI A Washi ngt on Ci vi c
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Bai nbri dge I sl and Ci t y Hal l / Bai nbri dge
Com m endat i on Award, AI A Seat t l e
I sl and, WA
Yaqui na Head I nt erpret i ve
Commendat i on Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Cent er / Newport , OR
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Eart h Day Top 1 0 Nat i onal Proj ect s
2 24
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Cam pbel l Orchard Resi dence / Ti et on, WA
Desi gn Awards
AI A/ Best Exam pl es of
Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
Envi ronm ent al l y Responsi bl e Desi gn
M i chael s / Si sson Resi dence / M ercer
Ci t at i on Award, Concept ual ,
Bai nbri dge I sl and Ci t y Hal l / Bai nbri dge
I sl and, WA
AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Grande Ronde Residence / Grande Ronde, WA
I sl and, WA M eri t Award, Sunset M agazi ne Honor Award, AI A Nat i onal
Chi ng Cabi n / M aury I sl and, WA
Robert s, WA Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
Ci t at i on Award, Am eri can Wood Counci l Di scovery Park Vi si t or Cent er / Seat t l e, WA
Poi nt Robert s Border Faci l i t y / Poi nt Ci t at i on Award, Sunset M agazi ne M i chael s / Si sson Resi dence / M ercer
Honor Award, Am eri can Wood Counci l
I sl and, WA
Chi ng Cabi n / M aury I sl and, WA
Ci t at i on Award, Sunset M agazi ne
M eri t Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
M arks Resi dence / Vashon I sl and, WA
Di scovery Park Vi si t or Cent er / Seat t l e, WA
19 9 8
Best of Program Award, Nat i onal CMA/ AI A
Eart h Day Top 1 0 Nat i onal Proj ect s
Cam pbel l Orchard Resi dence / Ti et on, WA
Poi nt Robert s Border Faci l i t y / Poi nt Robert s, WA Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on Chi ng Cabi n / M aury I sl and, WA M eri t Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
AI A/ Best Exam pl es of Envi ronm ent al l y
Cam pbel l Orchard Resi dence / Ti et on, WA
Responsi bl e Desi gn
Best Publ i c Bui l di ng,
Pat agoni a Di st ri but i on Cent er / Reno, NV
OCAPA & Oregon Chapt er ACI Yaqui na Head I nt erpret i ve
19 9 9
Federal Desi gn Achi evem ent Award
GSA Honor Award f or Desi gn Excel l ence
Poi nt Robert s Border Faci l i t y / Poi nt
Poi nt Robert s Border Faci l i t y / Poi nt
Robert s, WA
Robert s, WA
Com pl ex / Newport , OR
Speci al M ent i on Award,
M eri t Award, Port l and General El ect ri c’s
19 9 6
Laborat ory of t he Year Program
Energy User News
Com m endat i on Award, AI A Seat t l e
Research & Devel opm ent M agazi ne
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
Cam arda Resi dence / Vashon I sl and, WA
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Ci t at i on Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Saf et y Award f or Ergonom i c
Poi nt Robert s Border St at i on / Poi nt
19 9 7
I m provem ent s, Ci t y of Port l and’s Ri sk
Robert s, WA
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
M anagem ent Group
Di scovery Park Vi si t or Cent er / Seat t l e, WA
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
Grand Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Ol ym pi c Col l ege Shel t on / Shel t on, WA
Soci et y of Archi t ect s
M eri t Award f or St orm wat er Desi gn,
Cit at ion Award, BPA Archit ect ure + Energy
Pat agoni a Di st ri but i on Cent er / Reno, NV
M et ro of Port l and
NW Federal Credi t Uni on / Seat t l e, WA
Sust ai nabl e Desi gn Award, Bost on
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol Merit Award, Best Projects of the Year /1 9 9 7
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Const ruct i on Dat a News M agazi ne
Award of Excel l ence, Sunset M agazi ne Cam arda Resi dence / Vashon I sl and WA
Yaqui na Head I nt erpret i ve
M eri t Award, BPA Archi t ect ure + Energy
Com pl ex / Newport , OR
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
Top M eri t Award,
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
AI A/ NCM A Desi gn Awards
Honor Award, AI A Port l and Chapt er
M arquand Ret reat / Yaki m a, WA
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
Ext raordi nary Use of Publ i c Funds Award
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
AI A, ASI D and I I DA Port l and Chapt ers
Award f or Excel l ence i n Pl anni ng & Desi gn
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
Record Houses I ssue, Apri l 9 6
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
I sl and House / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol
M eri t Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
19 9 5
Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Cam arda Resi dence / Vashon I sl and, WA
M eri t Award, Am eri can Wood Counci l
Excel l ence on The Wat erf ront
Honor Award, Sunset M agazi ne
Annual Award
I sl and House / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Honor Award, I nt eri or Desi gn Assoc., Port l and Chapt er
Ol ym pi c Col l ege Shel t on / Shel t on, WA
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol Laborat ory / Port l and, OR
Ol ym pi c Col l ege Shel t on / Shel t on, WA M eri t Award, Sunset M agazi ne Cam arda Resi dence / Vashon I sl and, WA
M eri t Award f or New Const ruct i on, Ci t at i on Award, Sunset M agazi ne
Archi t ect s, Washi ngt on Chapt er
Hansm an Resi dence / Seat t l e, WA
Port l and / OR
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Garf i el d Com m uni t y Cent er / Seat t l e, WA
Am eri can Soci et y of Landscape Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol Laborat ory.
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
M eri t Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on I sl and House / Decat ur I sl and, WA
225
Ci t at i on f or Fut ure Work,
Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
19 9 1
AI A Port l and Chapt er
Jackson House / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Excel l ence i n Pl anni ng & Desi gn,
Wat er Pol l ut i on Cont rol Lab / Port l and, OR
Record Houses I ssue M eri t Award, Dri ve-by Jury,
Speci al Recogni t i on
AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
M asonry I nst i t ut e of Washi ngt on
Jackson House / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Garf i el d Com m uni t y Cent er / Seat t l e, WA
Noyes / Ryan Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Jackson House / Decat ur I sl and, WA
M eri t Award, Sunset M agazi ne Hom e of t he Decade Award, 1 9 8 0 –1 9 9 0
Roundy Resi dence / Coupevi l l e, WA
AI A/ Seat t l e Ti m es Hom e of t he M ont h M ercy Resi dence / Lake M arcel , WA
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Boei ng Caf et eri a 9 –1 2 / Seat t l e, WA
Ci t at i on Award, Sunset M agazi ne M arquand Ret reat / Yaki m a, WA
Ci t at i on f or Fut ure Work, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
19 9 4
M eri t Award, Am eri can Wood Counci l
Ci t at i on Award / Sunset M agazi ne
I sl and Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Noyes / Ryan Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Award Wi nner,
I sl and Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Cedar Shake & Shi ngl e Bureau
226
Poschm an Resi dence / Orcas I sl and, WA Desi gn Award, Am eri can Wood Counci l Noyes / Ryan Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Lake Washi ngt on Uni t ed M et hodi st
Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
Church / Ki rkl and
M ari ne Technol ogy Faci l i t y / Seat t l e, WA
East ern Washi ngt on Uni versi t y,
Award Wi nner M et al i n Archi t ect ure
Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
St udent Uni on Addi t i on
The Boei ng Caf et eri a 9 –1 2 / Seat t l e, WA
Noyes / Ryan Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
M eri t Award,
Dai l y Journal of Com m erce / AI A Seat t l e
M arquand Ret reat / Yaki m a, WA
M asonry I nst i t ut e of Washi ngt on
Jul y Proj ect of t he M ont h
Adam s El em ent ary School / Seat t l e, WA
Uni v. of Washi ngt on Fi sheri es Teachi ng &
Ci t at i on f or Fut ure Work, AI A Washi ngt on Chapt er
Research Bui l di ng
19 9 3
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
19 9 2
M arquand Ret reat / Yaki m a, WA
Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on
19 9 0
Noyes / Ryan Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Noyes / Ryan Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Weaver / Bergh Resi dence / Bai nbri dge
Ci t at i on f or Fut ure Work,
I sl and, WA
AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Ci t at i on Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Lakesi de School Art Faci l i t y / Seat t l e, WA
Fut ure Proj ect ,
Honor Award, AI A NW & Paci f i c Regi on Boei ng Caf et eri a 9 -1 2 / Seat t l e, WA
Seat t l e Passenger Onl y Ferry Term i nal M eri t Award, ASLA M eadowdal e Beach Park / Lynnwood, WA
Laborat ori es / Seat t l e, WA
Desi gn Awards
M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Cedar Hi l l s Act i vi t i es Bui l di ng / M apl e
Fut ure Proj ect ,
M ari ne Technol ogy Faci l i t y / Seat t l e, WA
Val l ey, WA
19 8 6
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Honor Award AI A Seat t l e Chapt er &
M ercy Resi dence / Lake M arcel , WA
Charl es St reet M ai nt enance Faci l i t y Seat t l e, WA M eri t Award, Sunset M agazi ne
Peopl e’s Choi ce Award
Bol en Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
M et ro Envi ronm ent al
AI A Hom e of t he M ont h
Laborat ori es / Seat t l e, WA
M ercy Resi dence / Lake M arcel , WA
19 8 5
19 8 0
Honor Award, Am eri can Wood Counci l
Fi nal i st Award, The Fi f t h Nat i onal
Aware Wom en’s Shel t er / Juneau, AL
Passi ve Sol ar Com pet i t i on
M eri t Award, ASLA M eadowdal e Beach Park / Lynnwood, WA M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Ki m m i ck Resi dence / Cl e El um , WA
Bol en Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er 19 8 9
& Peopl e’s Choi ce Award
M eri t Award, Sunset M agazi ne
The Aware Wom en’s Shel t er / Juneau, AK
Bol en Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er M eri t Award, ASLA
Gort on Bounds Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
M eadowdal e Beach Park / Lynnwood, WA Peopl e’s Choi ce Award, M eri t Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
AI A Seat t l e Chapt er
Evergreen St at e Col l ege / Art St udi os
Gort on / Bounds Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Addi t i on 19 8 3
People’s Choice Award, AIA Seattle Chapter
Honor Award, Sunset M agazi ne
Bol en Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
M ercy Resi dence / Lake M arcel , WA
19 8 7
Ci t at i on Award, Am eri can Wood Counci l
Honor Award, Sunset M agazi ne
Cedar Hi l l s Act i vi t i es Bui l di ng / M apl e
Gort on / Bounds Cabi n / Decat ur I sl and, WA
Val l ey, WA
M eri t Award, Sunset M agazi ne
19 8 2
M et zger Resi dence / Lake M arcel , WA
Honor Award, AI A Seat t l e Chapt er Cedar Hi l l s Act i vi t i es Bui l di ng / M apl e
Hi gh Honor Award,
Val l ey, WA
Nat i onal Lab of t he Year Com pet i t i on M et ro Envi ronm ent al
Ci t at i on of M eri t , Nat i onal Pl ywood
Hansen Resi dence / M oses Lake, WA
227
B IO G R A P H IE S O F T H E P A R T N E R S
228
D AVI D E. M I L L ER , FAI A
D avi d M i l l er j oi n ed t h e U n i ver si t y of Wash i n gt on
Ar c h i t ec t an d f ou n d i n g p ar t n er of t h e M i l l er / H u l l
f ac u l t y i n 1 9 9 0 as an assoc i at e p r of essor of ar c h i -
Par t n er sh i p . B or n i n D es M oi n es, I ow a i n 1 9 4 4 , h e
t ec t u r e, t eac h i n g gr ad u at e d esi gn st u d i o. H e p er i -
r ec ei ved a B ac h el or of Ar c h i t ec t u r e i n 1 9 6 8 f r om
od i c al l y d i r ec t s t h e U n i ver si t y of
Wa s h i n g t o n
Ar c h i t ec t u r e i n R om e p r ogr am , an d h as t au gh t i n
St a t e U n i v e r s i t y. T h e f o l l o w i n g t w o
year s wer e sp en t
P e a c e Co r p s i n
Tok yo, Jap an . I n 1 9 9 8 h e r ec ei ved t en u r e an d f u l l
B r asi l i a, B r azi l , w or k i n g on sel f - h el p h ou si n g. H e
p r of essor st at u s. M i l l er w as n am ed a Fel l ow b y t h e
at t en d ed
Am er i c an I n st i t u t e of Ar c h i t ec t s i n 1 9 9 4 .
the
in
t h e U . S.
Wa s h i n g t o n ’ s
U n i ver si t y
of
I l l i n oi s
on
a
Pl ym
Fel l ow sh i p an d r ec ei ved h i s M ast er s i n Ar c h i t ec t u r e i n 1 9 7 2 . D u r i n g t h i s t i m e M i l l er w or k ed p ar t t i m e at
R OB ERT E. H U L L , FAI A
t h e Ch i c ago of f i c e of Sk i d m or e Ow i n gs & M er r i l l .
Ar c h i t ec t an d f ou n d i n g p ar t n er of t h e M i l l er / H u l l Par t n er sh i p . B or n i n M oses Lak e, Wash i n gt on i n
Af t er gr ad u at e st u d i es M i l l er w or k ed f or ar c h i t ec t
1 9 4 5 , h e r ec ei ved a B ac h el or of Ar c h i t ec t u r e i n
Ar t h u r Er i k son of Van c ou ver, Can ad a, on t h e B r i t i sh
1 9 6 8 f r om Wash i n gt on St at e U n i ver si t y i n Pu l l m an ,
Col u m b i a Pr ovi n c i al Cou r t h ou se. I n 1 9 7 5 h e j oi n ed
t w i c e r e c e i v i n g t h e St u d e n t
R h on e & I r ed al e Ar c h i t ec t s w h er e, i n 1 9 7 7 , h e w as
Fol l ow i n g gr ad u at i on f r om 1 9 6 8 t o 1 9 7 2 h e ser ved
n am ed
i n t h e U . S. Peac e Cor p s i n Af gh an i st an , w h er e h e
p ar t n er an d
op en ed
a b r an c h
of f i c e i n
an d
built
the
Di st i n c t i on
h ead q u ar t er s
awar d .
Seat t l e w i t h R ob er t H u l l . I n 1 9 8 0 t h e of f i c e w as
d esi gn ed
r en am ed t h e M i l l er / H u l l Par t n er sh i p .
N at i on al Tou r i sm Agen c y an d h el p ed est ab l i sh a sc h ool of ar c h i t ec t u r e at Kab u l U n i ver si t y.
f or
the
230
U p on r et u r n i n g t o t h e st at es, h e w or k ed i n t h e N ew
CR AI G A. CU RTI S, AI A
Yor k of f i c e of M ar c el B r eu er f r om 1 9 7 2 t o 1 9 7 5 . I n
Ar c h i t ec t an d p ar t n er of t h e M i l l er / H u l l Par t n er sh i p .
1 9 7 5 H u l l r el oc at ed t o Van c ou ver, Can ad a t o w or k
Cr ai g A. Cu r t i s w as b or n i n Ton ask et , Wash i n gt on i n
f or R h on e & I r ed al e Ar c h i t ec t s w h er e, i n 1 9 7 7 , h e
1 9 6 0 . H e r ec ei ved a B ac h el or of Ar c h i t ec t u r e i n
w as n am ed p ar t n er an d op en ed a b r an c h of f i c e i n
1 9 8 3 an d a B ac h el or of Sc i en c e i n Con st r u c t i on
Seat t l e w i t h D avi d M i l l er. I n 1 9 8 0 t h e of f i c e w as
M an agem en t
r en am ed t h e M i l l er / H u l l Par t n er sh i p . I n 1 9 9 5 h e
U n i ver si t y. A f t er w or k i n g at t h e A u st i n
w as n am ed a Fel l ow b y t h e Am er i c an I n st i t u t e of
Feh l m an Gr ou p i n San D i ego f r om 1 9 8 4 t o 1 9 8 6 h e
Ar c h i t ec t s.
j oi n ed M i l l er / H u l l i n 1 9 8 7 , b ec om i n g a p ar t n er i n 1994.
N OR M AN H . STR ON G, AI A
Ar c h i t ec t an d p ar t n er. N or m an H . St r on g w as b or n i n M osc ow, I d ah o i n 1 9 5 4 , an d r ec ei ved a c u m l au d e B ac h el or of Ar c h i t ec t u r e d egr ee i n 1 9 7 8 f r om Wa s h i n g t o n
St a t e
U n i ver si t y
in
Pu l l m an ,
Wash i n gt on . St r on g j oi n ed M i l l er / H u l l i n 1 9 7 9 an d b ec am e a p ar t n er i n 1 9 8 5 . Ac t i ve i n t h e Am er i c an I n st i t u t e of Ar c h i t ec t s, St r on g w as a b oar d m em b er f or t h e Wash i n gt on St at e AI A Cou n c i l an d t h e N W & Pac i f i c R egi on , an d ser ved as Seat t l e Ch ap t er p r esi d en t 1 9 9 9 –2 0 0 0 .
in
1984
f r om
Wa s h i n g t o n
St a t e
H an sen
S T A F F L IS T
CU R R EN T STAFF
R ob er t H u t c h i son
FOR M ER STAFF
Ju l i e Kr ei gh
D avi d M i l l er, Par t n er
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Van essa Kan esh i r o
Ch r i s Ar t h u r
Am y Lel yvel d
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Ch r ys Ki m
D eb or ah B at t l e
R h on d a M au er
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Cl au d i n e M an i o
Pet e B r u n er
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St eve Tat ge, Sr. Assoc i at e
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D ave B r u n n er
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H ol d en Wi t h i n gt on
Am y D eD om i n i c i s
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H u yen H u an g
R i c h ar d Wh eal an
Li sa Ki r k en d al l
Assoc i at e Su san Kel l y, Assoc i at e
231
S E L E C T E D B IB L IO G R A P H Y
Book s
Ar t i c l e s
Ri era Oj eda,ed. Ten Houses: Mi l l er/Hul l
Ol son, Sheri . “ Feat ure Resi dence: Roddy
Part nershi p. Gl oucest er, M A: Rockport
Bal e Resi dence” Archi t ect ural Record
Publ i shers, 1 9 9 9 .
(Jul y 2 0 0 0 ): 2 0 4 –2 0 9
Trul ove, Jam es Grayson and I l Ki m , eds.
M akovsky, Paul . “ New Archi t ect ure Faces
The New Ameri can Cot t age–I nnovat i ons
t he Fut ure.” Met ropol i s (Apri l 2 0 0 0 ):
i n Smal l -Scal e Resi dent i al Archi t ect ure.
7 5 . [ Ol ym pi c Col l ege, Shel t on]
New York, NY: Whi t ney Li brary of Desi gn, 1 9 9 9 . [ Cam pbel l Orchard Resi dence]
Bert el sen, Ann, Pet er O. Whi t el ey, and Dani el Gregory. “ 1 9 9 9 –2 0 0 0 West ern
232
Zel l ner, Pet er, ed. Paci f i c Edge:
Hom e Awards–t ower bri dge.” Sunset
Cont emporary Archi t ect ure on t he Paci f i c
Magazi ne (Oct ober 1 9 9 9 ): 1 2 6 –1 2 7 .
Ri m. New York: Ri zzol i , 1 9 9 8 , 7 8 –8 3 .
[ M i chael s / Si sson Resi dence]
[ Ol ym pi c Col l ege, Shel t on, Washi ngt on, and M arquand Ret reat ]
Ol son, Sheri . “ Yaqui na Head gi ves vi si t ors t he key t o a ki ngdom by t he sea.”
St uchi n and Abram son, eds. Wat ersi de
Archi t ect ural Record (Oct ober 1 9 9 9 ):
Homes. Gl en Cove NY: Ri zzol i , 1 9 9 8 .
1 4 4 –1 4 6 .
[ Novot ny Cabi n] Cal darel l i , M ari o. “ Concavo, Gal f et t i , Gust au Gi l i , ed. Casa Ref ugi o
convesso–Ol ym pi c Col l ege Shel t on”
(Pri vat e Ret reat s). Barcel ona, Spai n:
L’ Arca (June 1 9 9 9 ): 1 2 –1 7 .
1 9 9 5 . [ M arquand Ret reat ] “ Am eri can I nst i t ut e of Archi t ect s 1 9 9 9 Carm ody and St erl i ng, eds. Eart h
Honors and Awards” Archi t ect ural Record
Shel t ered Housi ng Desi gn. M i nneapol i s,
(M ay 1 9 9 9 ): 1 3 6 . [ Ol ym pi c Col l ege,
M N: Van Nost rand Rei nhol d, 1 9 8 5 .
Shel t on]
[ M ercy Resi dence] Thom pson, Wi l l i am . “ The Poet i cs of Hol t husen, Lance T., ed. Eart h
St orm wat er.” Landscape Archi t ect ure
Shel t eri ng: The Form of Energy and t he
(January 1 9 9 9 ):
Energy of Form. New York: Pergam on
5 8 –6 3 , 8 6 f f .
Press: 1 9 8 1 . [ Ki m m i ck Resi dence and Hansen Resi dence]
Cheek, Lawrence W. “ A f our-square house by M i l l er|Hul l Part nershi p st ands i t s ground beneat h a dense wooded canopy.” Archi t ect ure Magazi ne (Decem ber 1 9 9 8 ): 8 4 –8 9 . [ M i chael s / Si sson Resi dence]
Boddy, Trevor. “ Border Li nes.”
Cant y, Donal d. “ Seat t l e Com m uni t y
Hauser Magazi ne (Novem ber 1 9 8 9 ):
Archi t ect ure Magazi ne (M ay 1 9 9 8 ):
Cent ers Put Sust ai nabi l i t y t o t he Test .”
1 5 0 . [ Gort on / Bounds Cabi n]
1 4 0 –1 4 3 . Poi nt Robert s Border St at i on]
Pl aces (Wi nt er 1 9 9 5 ): 7 8 . [ Garf i el d Com m uni t y Cent er]
Sachner, Paul M . “ M ari t i m e m aneuvers.”
Hi nshaw, M ark. “ Archi t ect ure
“ Vi t al i t y Wi ns t he Day.” Progressi ve
Archi t ect ural Record (February 1 9 8 9 ):
Wat erWorks.” Archi t ect ure Magazi ne
Archi t ect ure (Decem ber 1 9 9 5 ): 3 5 .
1 1 8 –1 9 . Seat t l e Cent ral Com m uni t y
(Jul y 1 9 9 7 ): 1 0 2 –1 0 7 .
[ Garf i el d Com m uni t y Cent er; Ol ym pi c
Col l ege M ari ne Technol ogy Cent er]
Col l ege, Shel t on] Boddy, Trevor. “ NW Federal Credi t
M urphy, Ji m . “ An Open Hi deaway.”
Uni on, Seat t l e, Washi ngt on.”
“ On t he Boards.” Archi t ect ure Magazi ne.
Progressi ve Archi t ect ure (Decem ber
Archi t ect ural Record (June 1 9 9 7 ):
(Jul y 1 9 9 5 ): 3 9 . [ NW Federal Credi t
1 9 8 8 ): 9 6 –9 7 . [ Gort on / Bounds Cabi n]
1 4 0 –1 4 3 .
Uni on]
Thom pson, Wi l l i am . “ M ai l -Order Pri de.”
Hi nshaw, M ark. “ New Publ i c Out l ook.”
Magazi ne (Sept em ber 1 9 8 8 ): 7 1 –7 2 .
Landscape Archi t ect ure (M arch 1 9 9 7 ):
Archi t ect ure Magazi ne (June 1 9 9 5 ):
[ Gort on / Bounds Cabi n]
5 6 –6 1 .
7 8 –8 3 . [ Garf i el d Com m uni t y Cent er]
“ Award-wi nni ng cabi ns.” Sunset
Home Magazi ne (Jul y 1 9 8 7 ): Ol son, Sheri . “ A True Com m uni t y
Bi agi , M arco. “ La val l e del l ’ Eden” Vi l l e
Col l ege.” Archi t ect ural Record
Gi ardi ni (I t al y) (June 1 9 9 5 ): 2 8 –2 9 .
(Novem ber, 1 9 9 6 ): 9 0 –9 3 . [ Ol ym pi c
[ M arquand Ret reat ]
[ Gort on / Bounds Cabi n] “ A Beaut i f ul , Spare Long House.”
Archi t ect ure Mi nnesot a (M ay 1 9 8 3 ).
Col l ege, Shel t on] Henderson, Just i n. “ Ret reat I nt o
[ Cedar Hi l l s Act i vi t i es Bui l di ng]
“ On t he Boards” Archi t ect ure Magazi ne
Nat ure.” Archi t ect ure Magazi ne (May
(Oct ober 1 9 9 6 ): 5 6 . [ Frem ont Publ i c
1 9 9 4 ): 8 8 . [ M arquand Ret reat ]
“ Local Archi t ect s Honored Wi t h
“ A bunker f or weekend bunki ng.” Sunset
Nort hwest Envi ronment al Revi ew (Fal l
“ Case St udy: Pat agoni a Bui l di ng a M odel
Magazi ne (Oct ober 1 9 9 3 ): 9 7 –9 8 .
1 9 9 6 ). [ NW Federal Credi t Uni on]
f or Green Pl anni ng.” Envi ronment al
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Associ at i on]
Archi t ect ure + Energy Awards.”
Bui l di ng News (Sept em ber / Oct ober 1 9 9 6 ): 8 –9 .
Henderson, Just i n. “ St ruct ural Shade.”
Al bert , Fred. “ Cabi n f ever.” Seat t l e
7 2 –7 5 . [ Boei ng Caf et eri a]
Archi t ect ure Magazi ne (Oct ober 1 9 9 2 ): Magazi ne (Jul y 1 9 9 6 ): 2 5 . [ M arquand Ret reat ]
“ Regi onal Port f ol i o–The Paci f i c Nort hwest .” Archi t ect ural Record (May 1 9 9 0 ): 8 8 –8 9 . [ Evergreen St at e Col l ege Art St udi os]
233
P H O T O C R E D IT S
234
Page i i : St rode Eckert
Page 2 9 : Jam es F. Housel
Page 9 5 : M i l l er / Hul l
Pages i v–v: Jam es F. Housel
Pages 3 0 –3 5 : Chri s Eden
Pages 9 8 –1 2 1 : Jam es F. Housel
Page vi i i : Jam es F. Housel
Pages 3 7 –3 8 : Gary Ochsner
Pages 1 2 2 –1 2 7 : Davi d St ory
Page 2 : Greg Krogst ad
Page 4 0 : M i l l er / Hul l
Pages 1 2 8 –1 3 5 : St rode Eckert
Pages 4 –5 : M i l l er / Hul l
Pages 4 3 –4 7 : Ji m Fanni ng
Pages1 3 6 –1 4 1 : Jam es F. Housel
Page 7 : Jam es F. Housel
Page 4 8 : M i l l er / Hul l
Pages 1 4 2 –1 4 9 : St rode Eckert
Page 8 : Chri s Eden
Pages 5 1 –5 3 : M i chael Shopenn
Page 1 5 1 : M i l l er / Hul l
Page 1 0 : St even Cri dl and
Pages 5 4 –5 9 : St rode Eckert
Pages 1 5 2 –1 5 5 : Jam es F. Housel
Pages 1 3 –1 4 : Jam es F. Housel
Pages 6 0 –6 5 : St even Cri dl and
Page 1 5 6 : Erni e Duncan
Page 1 5 : Gary Ochsner
Pages 6 6 –7 1 : Jam es F. Housel
Pages 1 5 8 –1 6 5 : Jam es F. Housel
Page 1 6 : Chri s Eden
Pages 7 2 and 7 4 : Chri s Eden
Page 1 6 6 : Art Gri ce
Page 1 9 : Ji m Fanni ng
Pages 7 6 –7 7 : Chri s Eden
Page 1 6 8 : Jam es F. Housel
Page 2 0 : Art Gri ce
Page 7 9 : M i l l er / Hul l
Pages 1 6 9 –1 7 2 : Art Gri ce
Page 2 1 : Chri s Eden
Pages 8 0 –8 5 : St rode Eckert
Pages 1 7 4 –1 7 5 : Jam es F. Housel
Pages 2 2 and 2 5 : St rode Eckert
Pages 8 6 –9 0 : Chri s Eden
Pages 1 7 6 –1 7 8 : Art Gri ce
Pages 1 7 9 –1 8 6 : Jam es F. Housel
Page 1 8 7 : M i l l er / Hul l
Pages 1 8 8 –1 9 0 : Jay Dot son
Page 1 9 1 : M i l l er / Hul l
Page 1 9 2 : Jay Dot son
Pages 1 9 4 –1 9 9 : Jam es F. Housel
235 Pages 2 0 0 –2 0 4 : St eve Dubi nsky
Pages 2 0 7 –2 1 3 : Art Gri ce
Page 2 1 5 : Chri s Eden
Page 2 2 0 (l ef t ): M i l l er / Hul l (ri ght ): Gregory M i naker
Page 2 2 1 : M i chael Shopenn
Page 2 2 2 : M i l l er / Hul l
Page 2 2 3 (l ef t ): Chri s Eden (ri ght ): M i l l er / Hul l
Pages 2 2 9 and 2 3 1 : Jam es F. Housel