Maps

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LONDON

BOROUGH

OF WANDSWORTH

WEST HILL DISTRICT LIBRARY, WANDSWORTH, LONDON,

METROPOLITAN METROPOLITAN THIS

BOOK

SHOULD

BE

S.W.18.

SPECIAL JOINT

COLLECTION

FICTION

RETURNED ON OR STAMPED BELOW.

BEFORE

Sn

RESERVE THE

DATE

ERD IA,

THE

MERIDIAN

BOOKS

HOW WARS ARE FOUGHT The Principles of Strategy and Tactics By Captain

J. E. A. WHITMAN

CODES AND CIPHERS By ALEXANDER D’AGAPEYEFF SECRET SOCIETIES By D. W. PIKE

MAPS By

ALEXANDER

D’AGAPEYEFF

Bethnal Green Public Librarles. E. C. -R--HADFIELD WITHDRAWN FROM GIRGULATION

OXFORD LONDON

UNIVERSITY NEW

YORK

PRESS TORONTO

PRINTED

1942

IN

GREAT

BRITAIN

BY

BUNGAY

RICHARD SUFFOLK

CLAY

AND

COMPANY,

LTD,,

INTRODUCTION THE two authors of this book have each had a different experience of maps: for while one made them, the other, in a secondhand bookshop off the Charing Cross Road, sold them, and through his hands passed maps of most of the great mapmakers, or cartographers, of the world—Mercator,

Ortelius,

Blaeu, Saxton, Speed, and many others. It is said of Richard Hakluyt, the author of the famous book of Elizabethan Voyages, that he was drawn to the study of geography and voyaging by seeing a map of the world, and so “‘ waded still farther and farther in the sweet study of cosmographie”’. Perhaps all of us have been thrilled by maps of the world, have pored over atlases or ‘‘ dusty maps of Mexico, dim as dreams, and soundings of the bay of Panama ”’,

or have paused in the street to look at some old map in a bookseller’s window. This book attempts to deal with as many different aspects of the subject as can be got into the pages. The authors hope that it will lead readers, on the one hand to take more interest

in the ordinary maps that they see and use in atlases or in the series published by the Ordnance Survey, on the other to collect some of the old maps, whether of English counties or foreign countries that can be found quite cheaply in bookshops, or to study them in any other way that takes their fancy. They know that once the fascination of maps has been felt, many happy hours can be spent by anyone with or without much money to spend. At the end of the book will be found a list of books on maps, and the authors wish to express how deeply they are indebted

to all of them.

Any of these works can be obtained without

cost through the public library system, and any collector would do well to look through Mr. 'T. Chubb’s great book, The Printed Maps in the Atlases of Great Britain and Ireland, and to read and master every word of Sir G. Fordham’s little book called Maps, their History, Characteristics, and Uses.

It may be thought that in the historical chapters there are too many names and dates ; yet no name has been mentioned which is not well known, and whose maps are not in some way remarkable, while dates have been given so that the events we describe may be brought into proper relation with conVv

vi

INTRODUCTION

temporary happenings. History, sometimes so seemingly dull, gains much in vividness and interest if it can be seen in its linking-up with a specialised subject like maps. Lastly, the authors wish to acknowledge their debt to Mr. G. M. Pitt for his assistance with the first six chapters; to Lieut.-Commander R. Birch, and to Mr. H. J. W. Wilson,

librarian of the Paddington Borough Libraries, without whose help the authors, while each engaged in war work, could not possibly have written this book; and to Major W. L. Melville Lee for reading the proofs and making numerous valuable suggestions, and for the loan of maps from his collection.

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.

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PART

I

MAP-MAKING CHAP.

I.

DISTANCE

II.

DIRECTION

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Ill.

HEIGHT

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IV. Vv.

VI.

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4 : ; : : MAPPING LARGE TRACTS OF COUNTRY : : MAP PROJECTION . , ; ; 2 ; CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMMONER PROJECTIONS PART

THE VII.

VIII. IX. X. XI.

a 2 34 -

48

a)

50

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69

II

HISTORY

OF

THE EARLY MAP-MAKERS

,

MAPS :

és

DUTCHMEN AND FRENCHMEN

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29083

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60

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98

. : : ‘THE OLD MAPS OF THE BRITISH ISLES. THE ORDNANCE MAPS AND PLANS . : CHARTS : A : 3 ; :

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