Living language - Arabic - script guide 0307972361

Citation preview

Complete Guide to Arabic Script Written by Rym Bettaieb Edited by Christopher A. Warnasch

:C LIVING LANGUAGE"

Copyright© 2012 by Living Language, an imprint of Random House. Inc. Living Language and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Living Language, an imprint of Random House, Inc.

www .livinglanguage.com Editor: Suzanne McQuade Production Editor: Ciara Robinson Production Manager: Tom Marshall Interior Design: Sophie Chin ISBN: 978- 0-307-97236-1 This book is available at special discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions or premiums. Special editions, including personalized covers, excerpts of existing books, and corporate imprints, can be created in large quantities for special needs. For more information, write to Special Markets/Premium Sales, 1745 Broadway, MD 3-1, New York, New York 10019 or e-mail [email protected]. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

10 9 8 7 6

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to the Living Language team: Amanda D'Acierno, Christopher Warnasch, Suzanne McQuade, Laura Riggio, Erin Quirk, Heather Dalton, Amanda Munoz, Fabrizio LaRocca, Siobhan O'Hare, Sophie Chin, Sue Daulton, Alison Skrabek, Ciara Robinson, Andrea McLin, and Tom Marshall.

DEDICATION

To my first Arabic teacher, Madame Haami.

Introduction

xii

6

PART 1: Reading Arabic

Group 1: Long vo we ls

The Arabic alphabet The basics

Connecting and non­ connecting letters

7

COUR

7

11

Group 3: ...,, b, and .!J th Group 2: Short vo wels and diphthongs

""

t,

15

Group

5: d, ;, dh,; r. and:, z J

Group 4: 0: j, ( H, and t kh

9

OUTL

Group 6 : ""'s. and._;, sh

13

22

18

Group 7: S . .,;, D .b T. and J; DH

u

.

Group

17

Group

Group 9: ...; f and J q 8:

t. x and t_gh

Group

20

11:

,

h and

taa' marbuuTa

10: .!.I k, J I, r and .; n

m,

24

28

13:

Group 12:

39

37

15: Grammatical endings with -n

hamza

14:

shadda,

laam·'allf, and

the definite article

16: Other symbols

'allf maqSuura

38

32

I

47

42

Group 2: Short vo wels and diphthongs

Part 2: Writing Arabic

Group 3:

Group 1: Long vo wels

42

Group 4:

and t· i::· ..,..,

""'·

and

.!.>

45

52

E

t

56

Group 6:

..,, and

Group 5: and.)

;• j,

71

64

,.;.

Group Group 7: and

""' ._,;,, .b,

o,

61

u

8:

tand t

Group 9: Jand..;

.i;

68

LINE

84

79

Group 10: .!.I, J, �·and u

82

'allf maqSuura

and grammatical endings with -n

13:

Group 11: o and o

74

14:

Group 12: shadda, laam-'alif, and the definite article hamza

87

103

94

92

Dialogue 3

Dialogue 1

Dialogue 4

Dialogue 2

Part 3: Reading Passages

92

98

INTRODUCTION The Living Language Complete Guide to Arabic Script is a full course in reading and writing Arabic. While it may be used as a supplement to any Arabic course, it is intended to be used along with Living Language Essential Arabic, which may be purchased as a stand-alone course or as the first level in Complete Arabic or Platinum Arabic.

Since Arabic uses a different script, students must make a choice as to when they would like to tackle the writing system. You may decide to work your way through this script guide in its entirety before moving on to Essential Arabic. If you do so, you'll pick up some vocabulary as you master the writing system, but the useful spoken language that you'll learn will be rather limited.

If you decide instead to use this script guide as a supplement to Essential Arabic, you'll find that each lesson directs you to specific sections, so you'll know exactly when to use the script guide, and you'll gradually master reading and writing Arabic as you learn practical spoken Arabic. Essential Arabic includes both Arabic script and a system of transliteration, so there's no need to fully master written Arabic before jumping into the course.

The Complete Guide to Arabic Script is divided into three parts: Reading Arabic, Writing Arabic, and Reading Passages.

•

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

PART

1: READING ARABIC

Part 1 begins with an overview of the basics of written Arabic in plain and simple language. Then it presents the entire alphabet and introduces you to important concepts that are necessary before you tackle individual letters. The remainder of Part 1 presents Arabic letters in small, manageable groups. With each group, you'll learn the forms, and then you'll begin reading by practicing them in very simple syllables. Next, you'll see examples with simple words that only include the letters you've learned up to that point, so each group will build on the previous ones in a simple and straightforward progression. As you move ahead, you'll have plenty of chances to reinforce what you've already learned. There are a number of reading practice exercises that will allow you to learn how to read Arabic in short and easy steps. You'll be able to check your comprehension of the written Arabic by comparing it to the simple transcription provided. Every word or phrase used in the examples or practice exercises is also translated. Part 1 closes with additional practice exercises that include greetings and basic expressions, as well as simple sentences.

PART

2: WRITING ARABIC

Once you've learned how to read Arabic, writing it will be much easier. Part 2 follows the same simple, step-by-step progression used in Part 1. Letters are divided into small groups, and detailed explanations on how to write the different forms of the letters are provided, along with examples of written Arabic. You'll have the chance to practice the individual letters and simple syllables with them, and then you'll move on to words that include only the letters you've learned up to that point. Since you'll already have covered the material in the reading section, the transition to writing Arabic will be much easier for you.

3: Numbers

•

PART

3: READING PAS SAGES

Finally, Part 3 will provide you with a chance to practice your reading skills with practical, everyday dialogues. You'll have the chance to first read the fully voweled dialogues and then practice "real" written Arabic, which does not include short vowels or other symbols that are so useful to students of the language. The complete transcriptions and translations of each dialogue are also included.

•

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

Part 1: Reading Arabic The basics The most basic thing to know about Arabic script is that it's written and read from right to left. That means that Arabic books have their spines on the right and open from the left. Another basic fact about written Arabic is that only long vowels are usually written. Arabic has two types of vowels-long, which we transcribe

as aa, ii, and uu, and short, which we transcribe as a, i, and u. The short vowels are usually not written in "real" Arabic. Arabic also has diphthongs (aw, ay), but only the letters wand y are typically written. Just as a point of comparison, this means that if English were written like Arabic, the word son would be written sn, but soon would be spelled out. Short vowels do appear sometimes-in the Koran, in children's books, and in language courses like this one. They take the form of strokes or swirls above or below the consonant they're pronounced after. So son might look something like

SN, or rather, NS in the order in which Arabic words

are written.

The Arabic alphabet There are twenty-eight letters in the Arabic alphabet. Arabic is a cursive script, meaning that most letters are connected to the ones before and after them. There are a few letters that don't connect to the ones that come after them, but we'll cover those later.

Part

1:

Reading Arabic

•

Because Arabic letters (usually) connect to whatever comes before or after them, each letter has a different shape depending on where it's written:

•

Independent: This is the form that's used when a letter is written separately, in isolation from any other letter.

•

Initial: This is the form that's used when a letter begins a word or comes after a non-connecting letter. It usually only has a connecting stroke on the left side.

•

Medial: This is the form that's used when a letter comes in between two other (connecting) letters. It has a connecting stroke on either side, or just on the right side if it is non-connecting.

•

Final: This is the form that's used when a letter comes at the end of a word. It only has a connecting stroke on the right. Let's look at an example. Here are the four forms of baa·, which is pronounced like the first sound in Baghdad. Notice where the connecting tail is on the initial, medial, and final forms, and that there is no connecting stroke on the independent form.

;-­LETTER

baa'

SOUND

FINAL

MEDIAL

INITIAL

INDEPENDENT

_,.

b

Now take a look at an example of a non-connecting letter, daal, as in Dubai. Logically, because it doesn't connect to letters that come after it, its independent and initial forms are identical, as are its medial and final forms.

G

LETTER

SOUND

daal

d

r

FINAL

MEDIAL

..L

..L

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

INITIAL

INDEPENDENT

Now let's take a look at the entire Arabic alphabet. You'll notice that only the long vowels I

aa,

)

uu,

and � ii appear on the chart, and that J and

'-? are also

the consonants w and y respectively. Also note that Arabic letters are grouped by shape. For example, the letters.._,.,, ..;:... , and ..:., (pronounced b, t, and th) only differ in the number and location of dots, so they appear together in the alphabet. Don't worry about memorizing each letter at this point. This section is only meant to give you an overview of the Arabic alphabet. In the sections that follow, we'll divide the letters into small, manageable groups, so you'll have plenty of step-by­ step practice both in reading and in writing. LETTER

SOUND

FINAL

MEDIAL

INITIAL

INDEPENDENT

alif

aa

l

l

baa'

b

�

.... . ..

I..'.:.-

......

_,

�

:. ......

:. _,

:. '-"

c

�

�

c

..>I:.

->-

c

�

->-

c

taa' thaa'

th

jiim

Haa'

khaa'

H

kh

c c

+

I

_, �

+

'-"

u

Part 1: Reading Arabic

,,

LETTER

SOUND

i-----

FINAL

MEDIAL

INITIAL

INDEPENDENT

�

daal

d

....L

....L

�

dhaal

dh

....L

....L

�

�

raa'

r

_r

_r

.J

.J

r- zaay

z

..r

..r

.J

.J

r....r-

--

�

siin

.

.

.

� :.

shiin

sh

u-

:.

:. .......

:. �

Saad

s

�

...,a..

�

�

Daad

D

�

...,a..

�

Taa'

T

..h.

I ..k.

�

.1

.1

DHaa'

DH

.h

..1..

.1

.1

xayn

x

c

�

_$.

t

j_

Q

l

.

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

.

�

l

LETTE

RJ

ghayn

SOUND

gh

FINAL

. c

faa'

f

�

qaaf

q

�

kaaf

k

� r-

miim

m

nuu n

n

c:.r

h

�

haa' -+

waaw

yaa'

w,uu

y, ii

_j__

. ..A. .A..

INITIAL

---r-

s:._ _l_

INDEPENDENT

.

_.>,,

J J M

+-

s

�

I1 I

J M

�

.!J

J

J

_.4

i

_._

..J

0

+

�

0

_.()._ .

I

+

J �

_._ M

Part

1:

I

t

.

M

y t-y lf'"

I

.A..

M

J-

laam

MEDIAL

.,__

J

�

Reading Arabic

,,

Connecting and non-connecting letters Notice that among the three Jong vowels, I.$ is a connecting letter, and are not. Don't forget that J

and i;

I and J

are also the consonants wand y respectively.

There are only four other non-connecting letters, all of which are consonants: �

d,:, dh, Jr, and j z.

Reading practice 1

Scan the following words and see if you can identi fy the non-connecting letters,

setting aside the final ones for now. Don't worry if you can't read the words yet. We'll divide the alphabet into small groups and tackle each letter step-by-step in a moment.

....,...�

) .)

.l .2

.JY .3 iY . 4

.:..r-.) 5 .

ANSWERS l.

,

baab (door, non-connecting letter is 1 ) , 2. daar (house, non-connecting letters are .) and \ ) 3. nuur

(light, non-connecting letter is .J), 4. thuum (garlic, non-connecting letter is J), 5. diin (religion, nonconnecting letter is .))

Q

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

Now let's take a look at individual groups of letters, so you can practice reading Arabic step-by-step.

Group 1: Long vowels Let's start with long vowels. 'alif and waaw are non-connecting letters, so they only have two forms. When 'alif is at the beginning of a word, it may have a small

hamza, like a backwards 2, written above or below it, but we'll explain that later. For now just be aware of it. yaa' is a connecting letter, so it has four forms. The letters J

and 4$

also represent the consonants w and y respectively.

LETTER

SOUND

FINAL

MEDIAL

INITIAL

'alif

a,aa

l

l

I

waaw

w,uu

.r

.r

J

J

yaa'

y, ii

l:?

_.._

�

L-l '-< ;w .10 ANSWERS I. al-lugha al-xarabiyya (the Arabic language), 2. SabaaH 'al-khayr (good morning), 3. SabaaH

.

an-nuur (good morning, response), 4. masaa' al-khayr (good afternoon), 5. masaa' an-nuur (good

.

afternoon, response), 6. maxa s-salaama (good-bye), 7. 'askun fii . (I live in ... ), 8. bil-xarabii (in Arabic), 9. as-salaarnu xalaykum (hello, peace be upon you), 10. tusaafir bis-salaama (have a good trip)

Reading practice 2 1 Now let's look at some simple sentences i n Arabic. Take each one slowly, and sound out each word as you read.

�_,,... l liP ... .; ,. .......) ..lA ,_;"·2 "

.

'

o� � ..U.\.3 . d J �\ .4 · �

c$

waaw

yaa '

-l-

....,!-

\ W RITI N G PRACTICE 1 Practice writing the long vowels a few times on their own.

•

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

L

L

L

3

3

3

c$ c$ c$ --.;, --.;, --.;, � � �

y

y y

Group 2: Short vowels and diphthongs As you know, fatHa is written as a slash above the consonant: , , Damma is like a small hook: ' , and kasra is a slash below the consonant: , . The vowels fatHa and

kasra are straighforward, and Damma is just like a miniature waaw written above the consonant.

\ W R IT ING PRACT ICE 2 Practice writing each of these vowels in simple syllables with the consonants )

(wa, wu, wi) and '-? (ya, yu , yi).

3 3 ,

,

3 /

,

3

3

3

..9

..9

..9

/

/

/

,.

To write the diphthongs aw and ay, don't forget that you need fatHa over the preceding consonant and then sukuun over

·j or -�. The sukuun is also used

between consonants when there is no vowel pronounced. sukuun is simply a small open circle.

\ WRITING PRACTICE 3 Practice writing diphthongs in the syllables

Y. (yaw) and

�j (way).

Because

this is the first time you'll be writing two letters together, it's appropriate to point out that when you write Arabic words, you should first write the main strokes of all the letters in the word, and when you're done with the word, go back and add dots, short vowels, or sukuun. This is just like written English; you go back to cross your t's and dot your i's only after the whole word is written.

ca

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

Don't forget that words that begin with a short vowel sound begin with an 'alif and hamza in written Arabic. The hamza in this position is written like a small backwards 2.

l

is pronounced 'a,

i is pronounced

' u,

and ! is pronounced 'i .

\ W R IT IN G PRACT ICE 4

Write 'alif with each of the three short vowels.

Group 3: -,.. , u, AND 0

Remember that the consonants Y b, ..::.i t, and .;., th differ from one another only in the number and placement of dots. These letters all sit on the line, and the dots are added above or below it. As always, start writing from the right. For the independent and final forms, form a wide shallow bowl, then add the dot(s).

0

C,_)

y

�

c....::.>-.

c__).-.

For the initial forms, start at the top of the vertical stroke on the right, move your pen down, then write the horizontal connecting stroke leftwards. Then finally add the dot(s). These letters are written exactly alike, but, of course, the dots are different.

For the medial forms, start with the right horizontal connecting stroke, then move upwards to draw the vertical stroke. Then double back down over it, finishing with the left connecting stroke. Finally, add the dot(s).

Practice forming these letters several times, writing them over and over again until you're comfortable with the motion. Let's look at all of the forms together. LETTER

baa'

SOUND

b

r

taa' (_

th aa'

•

th

FINAL

MEDIAL

INITIAL

INDEPENDENT

�

(_)

_J

C-)

_J

6

+

+

'---:--"..

c..!:...>..

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

t

__L __L

I-

\ W R I T I N G PRACTICE 5 Practice writing each of the forms separately.

_J

_J

_J

....:;._

....:;._

....:;._

_J

_J

_J

....:;._

....:;._

....:;._

\ WR ITING PRACTICE 6 Now, let's practice writing syllables with these letters and the vowels you've learned. Write out each of the following syllables, and pronounce it aloud. Say whether each letter is independent, initial, medial, or final.

G .2 -+.3 ....:l... .4 ,

,.

� .5

�.6

.ii- . 7 _j .s + .9 ,.

P--

-'P

cf

Taa'

T

h

k

1

1

DHaa'

DH

k

k

lo

1

MEDIAL

\ WR IT ING PRACT ICE 1 7 Practice writing these letters in all their forms separately. Add short vowels, and practice pronouncing the syllables aloud. Don't forget that these consonants give a very deep quality to the vowels around them.

•

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

\ WRITING PRACTICE 1 8 Practice writing these words.

� .3 ,

� .4 0 '::' ·� .5 )1�1 .6

� .7 J; cAlk )� .8

.9

.10

�

�

.11 .12

� .1 3 1;., 5 . 14

ANSWERS I. SaaHib (owner), 2. SabaaH (morning), 3. SaHiiH (true), 4. DabaTa (he grabbed),

5. Dajirat (she was

angry), 6. 'iDraar (harm, injury), 7. Tabiib (doctor [m.]J, 8. Tabkh (cooking), 9. baTaaTis (potatoes),

10. HiDHaar (partition, screen), II. HaDHiiDH (lucky), 12. HaaDir (present, in attendance), 13. takhaaTub (discussion), 14. wasaT (middle)

\ WR ITING PRACTICE 1 9 Connect the following letters to form words. w

1 L-J

+

+

c c5 v

c5

+

c

.I

+

+

Cf .2

+

+

Cf .3

+

)

+

� +

+

cf . 4

1

.5

ANSWERS 1.

i;. (HaDHDH, luck), 2 . ..,_,.. L,;. (SaaHib, owner), 3. _;'..� (Sariir, creak, chirp), 4. ::i l

.9

;

�-?-A

o�)

.10 .11

� .1 2 . ,

ANSWERS

I. haadhaa (this [m]J, 2 . haadhihi (this [f.]), 3 . hunaak (there), 4 . DHahr (back), S. jaamixa (university), 6. ghurfa (room), 7. kura (ball), 8. fahimt (I understood), 9. 'adhhab (I go), 10. madiina (city), II. zahra (blossom), 12. xahd (era)

Now you've learned how to write all of the consonants, the Jong vowels, the short vowels and taa' marbuuTa, and the diphthongs and sukuun. In the reading section, you learned that there are also some more special forms, so let's practice writing them now.

Group 1 2:

shadda, laam·'alif, the definite article

The symbol shadda looks like a 3 on its side, and it's written above consonants to show that they should be pronounced longer. shadda is like a short vowel in that it's not usually written. But the combination letter laam-'alif is written. It's pronounced just as you'd expect, as

I

following J, or laa To write its isolated form, start above

the line, and draw a slanted stroke down and toward the left. When you get to the line, change direction, and then loop back up, making a small circle and extending back up toward the left. Isolated laam-'alif should look something like a rabbit's head, if you have a little imagination! This letter is a non-connector, so the isolated form is also the intial form. The final form starts out like a final

J but there's no tail

that extends below the line. Start with the right connecting stroke, and draw the vertical stroke up, and then back down again. Draw a small tail that sits on the line, and then add a slanted vertical stroke from the top left that meets the line at the same point where the vertical line does.

The order 'aliflaam is, of course, the definite article, Ji· In writing and in speech, the article is attached to the word that follows it. There's nothing special about the way it's written. Simply start with � which may have hamza and fatHa over it in fully voweled writing, and then draw initial

J, because 'alif is a non-connector.

Don't forget that J is sometimes pronounced like the consonant that follows it, in

ca

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

the case of "sun" letters, but this never changes its spelling. But if the noun itself starts with a short vowel, it will be written as an 'alif, so with the definite article the combination will be

\+J

+

i· That will give you an 'alif, and then a laam-'alif.

\ WRITING PRACTICE 2 8 Practice writing shadda, laam-'alif, and the definite article.

'i p

p

�

.1

r

.2

Jl J l J l

\ WRITING PRACTICE 2 9 Now practice writing these words.

� .3

( Ji;

.4

.. "X .5 .s

\�J u-;;1 � . ,_)::.$ I �

.7

. o� lb oi.a>

.8

-� JD

.6

.

9

.�; I (Ji> 3 �F )n>

.10

\ I� L

.n

\�p.JI 4-tlJI J_,_;, I� �

.12

,

ANSWERS

1. 'anaa 'amriikiy.y (I'mAmerican. [mJ! 2. hiyamudanisa. (She's a trucher.) 3. al-madiina Saghiira. (The city is

small.) 4. al-funduq kabiir. (Thehatel is big.) 5. hunna min miSr. (They're [/]from Egypt.) 6. min 'ayna 'antumaa? (Where are you two from;') Z haadhaa kitaab. (This is a book.) 8. haadhihi Tua'ira. (This is an airplane.) 9. hiya

Tabuba. (She's a doctor.) 10. huwa miSriyy wa hiya 'amriikiyya. (He'sEgyptian and she's American.) 11. maa haadha? (Whafs this;') 12. hal haadhaa Saffal-lugha al-xarabiyya? (Is this theArabic class?)

•

PART 3: Reading Passages In this section you'll have the chance to put your Arabic reading skills to work by reading four short dialogues.

Probably the most difficult part of reading actual written Arabic is the fact that short vowels and many other helpful symbols, such as sukuun , shadda, and so on, are not usually included. To help you make this challenging transition, each dialogue appears twice,-first fully voweled, and then again in "natural" form, with only consonants and long vowels.

f?l DIALOGUE 1

� r'.>L:JI ! ·� ) '�i

: r-.:!

! �) '�i : JLS '

� Jli l

� : r-.?

' � JL:l-1 � , ..;,...;\ ) � �\ : JLS ' ' � �\ : {-� ... 0

...

"

0

.....

,, o

\

·

-

... o

·

-

ca

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

� i'JLJ I

! J\+..-J �1 : r-..?

I J\+..-J � 1 : JLS

� Jl:l-1 � : r-..?

� Jll-1 � , ..:......; 1J .Ji ..LJ-1 : JLS .

.

.Ji ..LJ- I : (._?'

'as-salaam xalaykum kariim:

'ahlan wa sahlan!

kamaal:

'ahlan wa sahlan!

kariim:

kayfa 1-Haal?

kamaal:

al-Hamdu lillaah. wa 'anta, kayfa 1-Haal?

kariim:

al-Hamdu lillaah.

Hello Karim:

Hi!

Kamal:

Hi!

Karim:

How are you?

Kamal:

I'm doing well. A nd you, how are you?

Karim:

I'm doing well.

P A R T 3: Reading Passages

•

Cll DIA LOGUE 2

0

J �I J J

•

�� .!}; �� .:; _,j1 c_ � : J '. �,· � '. �1 �;

'

0 '

0

. �I J �

: : � 'oJ' � :LJ � . l_?'.j. ('-"-' ' )fl ' c � JY. 0 ,, L..:. G- ' - , : J ��I IJ � .

. \� , � 4J/ : Jy.­

Y U) if � : J�� l ._Ll,y · � if ' JL:J �_)·� : Jy.­ y it;_,.. 0J .l./ J I y j,.l./ y i� 4J}' : J� �I ._Ll,Y' Y _;_,k.9 r5 ..w. � · � if J. � J i� : JY' ;J_}JJ � ..L>- li ..w.J � � 4 r : J��1 �Y' f:->- �)J UL. �� �.J 4J}' .!.l ..w. �L::...J \ J �\.J..A.ll � J .

P A R T 3: Reading Passages

IJI

J o_r-:S 4-;_;AJI . .;.JL!JI �l.b.JI J .. � I \ 1 .. .. I ..r:-- Y' · � � �� � �� · �r;--'\ . 'l.:: ;; , �: ir . �� �-• � -- 0 : \1 '5 y--:'1 '< ..l...' :J,I r._s-",l �_L

�

�

�

..

..

J

J

' 1 1

•

·

·

..

'>

..

,,.

..

,,

•

� �:;. �\j�\ j.;

.p , 1 d �1 :_,.,. �ij �\j�\ �l d tii : o)..'.. ' .. � "-P · � ' 01\ 1 � .r;--' ;_ - - �. l' \..u.J '� \ � \ �. '-;-' • ' '., UI ; � � 0-: �j �i . V. l'�./�1 : o�L:. . �b-:;i 1 �L:J 1 � �� 0� : 'G;: : 01 1 -

. � � l.J.:1 1 �L:Ji -i, l'�J ·�1 �1 : 'G;: : 011 . ��I c;. d;.i:.l : o�L:. . ��I C:- : 'G;: : 011

P A R T 3: Reading Passages

fl

s:.�/il � ._j_j4JI � i

Jl

Ji J--c_ Y, : o}..-. . l,._)> : e:? l:J I � 0-° ._j_j41J rn.k. � i : o _)L.. �piLl� o?Ji_r.il;� � '-9lk. -:r- --4_; Y, : e:? l:JI � ._j_j4JI �� !.I� y. � 0-°_r.iU� o? : o.JL.. - � : e:? L:JI . I� : o.JL.. .

.

. � I C: �i Ji --4) ,}T : o.JL.. � l_r.>- -f? Ji ,J?. --4_; y. . J'll l:> � y. , �T : ;,..p.r-l l

Q

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

� � i..u � . �1 rY- �1 c: \ �_,... -4) ' � : o)...

. �\ rY- u u-:1 y. . � .y ...;.; 4JI � �1 : ;...;,_r-11 . !lu �l -f' � '� JS' Lu! Jl �..i.i � �ly. ;-.U')WI � ..

. o..L>l_,J I �WI J ;-.�/�\ Jl : 4._.;,r-11 •

4...o ')LJ I •

(:"

, i;:...::. : o)

4...o ')LJ I

.....

(:" : 4._.;,r-1 I

'ilaa 1 - ' arbixaa' sara:

ha! yumkin 'an 'astaxmila 1-haatif?

al-baa'ix:

Tabxan.

sara:

'axTiinii biTaaqa Ii 1-haatif min faDlika.

al-baa'ix:

ha! turiidiina biTaaqa Ii khamsat diinaraat

sara:

xashrat diinaraat min faDlika. ha! xindaka daliil al-haatif?

al-baa'ix:

tafaDDalii.

sara:

shukran.

'aw xashrat diinaraat?

xalaa 1-haatif sara:

'allo. 'uriidu 'an 'atakallama maxa T-Tabiib.

al-mumarriDa:

'aasifa, huwa laysa hunaa 1-'aan. ha! turiidiina 'an tatrukii khabaran?

P A R T 3: Reading Passages

l/JJ)

naxarn. 'uriidu mawxidan maxa T-Tabiib yawma 1-khamiis.

sara:

ha! haadhaa mumkin? al-mumarriDa:

'ibqay xalaa 1-haatif min faDliki. huwa laysa hunaa 1-khamiis. yadh-habu 'ilaa 'irbid kulla khamiis. yaxmalu fii 1-mustashfaa hunaaka. Hal ath-thulathaa' yuwaafiquki? anaa fii 1-maktab ath-thulathaa' wa 'antahii min al-xamal fii

sara:

1-layl. al-mumaniDa:

ha! 'anti fii 1-maktab al-'arbixaa'?

sara:

al-'arbixaa' jayyid. 'ay waqt min faDlik?

al-mumaniDa:

sa-yakuunu hunaaka fii s-saaxa 1-waaHida.

sara:

haadhaa jayyid. shukran jaziilan.

al-mumaniDa:

'ilaa 1-'irbixaa' fii s-saaxa 1-waaHida.

sara:

shukran. maxa as-salaarna

al-mumaniDa:

maxa as-salaarna.

See You Wednesday Sara:

Is it possible for me to use the phone?

Clerk:

Of course.

Sara:

Please give me a phone card.

Clerk:

Would you like a card for five dinars or ten dinars?

Sara:

Ten dinars, please. Do you have a phone book?

Clerk:

Here you go.

Sara:

Thank you.

On the Phone ... Sara:

Hello. I'd like to speak with the doctor.

Nurse:

I'm sorry, but he's not in now. Would you like to leave a message?

Sara:

Yes. I'd like an appointment with the doctor on Thursday. Is that possible?

Nurse:

Please hold the line. He's not here on Thursday. He goes to Irbid on

Sara:

I'm in the office on Tuesday, and I finish at night.

Nurse:

Are you in the office on Wednesday?

Thursdays. He works in the hospital there. Is Tuesday good for you?

G

Complete Guide to Arabic Script

Sara:

Wednesday is good. What time, please?

Nurse:

He's going to be here at one o'clock.

Sara:

That's good. Thank you very much.

Nurse:

See you Wednesday at one o'clock.

Sara:

Thank you. Good-bye.

Nurse:

Good-bye.

(Q O I ALOGUE 4

) :'}) ; -;it_; J� i Ji �)� , . �'.); �! � \) ''1)� j�i 0 i ..\.:)� : (,?) � y �� Ji :.r-�; ):'}) ; � rs : j� 1 �i . � 0-;" ) :'}J � -u� : (,?J � ,,,

0

0

...

J

,

0

,,,

,.

y �� );;. � � � : J�l �i

. ; � ,;;w : (,?) � Y_f�l !.r-�� � d_;.iJ. : J�l �i � � J�)) i o? : (,?J� . � � � ;��\ � : J�I 0:.-i .

"'

..

-

....

,

..

'

....

''

.... ,

...

: (,?J ':" . _p1 );.:;. ?.J � � ' � .i.;..:. : j�\ 0:.-i '. _y> I.ft> ' �) � �\ -i Oji � l_,u. : (,?) � •

,.

..

.... J

,,,

....

,.

,..

0

0

.. ,..

....

J

""

0

•

Il.A..:-J" 1

I '

,. .... 0 ,.. *

..

P A R T 3: Reading Passages

,.

"'

.J '1 J::i UL. J.r"i 0i �) •

r-"'\_):;, Jl ..:_,\_) '1 ):;, ._j.r"i 0i �) : �_JL.

� -i� 0i j-:! �_} _) '1):;, 0-"

� : ._j_ra.il �i . � 0-" .J '}J ::i UL. : �.JL. � !l_,A....- jly. !l� J.o> : ._j_ra.il �i �

' r : �_J L. � U"µ1 j-:! �_} � , \� : J_ra.il �i · Y'

. �