Living Language - Arabic - Intermediate

Citation preview

Intermediate Arabic Edited by

Christopher Warnasch and Hadi Kebbeh

IC LIVING LANGUAGE*

·

Copyright©

2012 by Living Language, an imprint of Random House, Inc.

Content in this program has been modified and enhanced from and

Complete Arabic: The Basics, published in 2008.

Ultimate Arabic1 published in 2006,

Living Language and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Published in the United States by Living Language, an imprint of Random House, Inc.

www.livinglanguage.com Editor: Christopher Warnasch Production Editor: Ciara Robinson Production Manager: Tom Marshall Interior Design: Sophie Chin Illustrations: Sophie Chin Typesetting: worldaccent.com

First Edition

ISBN:

978-0- 307-4786 3-4

This book is available at special discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions or premiums. Special editions, including personalized covers, excerpts of existing books, and corporate imprints, can be created in large quantities for special needs. For more information, write to Special Markets/ Premium Sales,

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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Ac k n ow l e dgm e n t s Thanks to the Living Language terun: Amanda D'Acierno, Christopher Warnasch, Suzanne McQuade, Laura Riggio, Erin Quirk, Amanda Munoz, Fabrizio LaRocca, Siobhan O'Hare, Sophie Chin, Pat Stango, Sue Daulton, Alison Skrabek, Ciara Robinson, Andrea McLin, and Tom Marshall. Special thanks to Hadi Kebbeh. Audio produced by Ok Hee Kolwitz.

How to Use This Cou rse 9

UNIT

1:

People and the Family 14

r

Lesson 1: Words

Lesson 2: Phrases

Lesson 3: Sentences

Lesson 4: Conversations

14

32

41

49

- --- -----

--- ------------

------- ---------

Gender

Adjective Placement

17

33

---------------

Saying is and in Arabic

are

- ----------

Nationa lities 51

43 Noun Plurals

Subject Pronouns

23

36

Yes/No Questions

46

The Feminine Ending o a 58

UNIT 2: Around the Home 69

Lesson 5 : Words

Lesson 6: Phrases

Lesson 7: Sentences

Lesson 8 : Conversations

69

81

94

104

Adjective Ag reement

Expressing Have

Question Words

83

96

Basic Sentence Structure

Possessive suffixes: my, your, his, her,

Common Prepositions

Linking Sounds

etc.

100

111

106

71 There is/There are 75

87

UNIT 3: Everyday Life

r

124

Lesson 9: Words

Lesson 10: Phrases

Lesson 11: Sentences

Lesson 12: Conversations

124

138

152

163

--- - -----

---------------

---------- ------

Using N u m bers

Tel l i n g Time

128

140

The Dual Form

Days, Dates, and Seasons

134

145

---- - ---- -- - - - -

Using Verbs in the Present Tense

The Negative of To Be

153

165

The Negative Present Tense

The Present Tense of Verbs with �

160

co

- --- --- - -- -

R

170

UNIT

4:

At the Restau rant 187

r

Lesson 1 3 : Words

Lesson 1 4 : Phrases

Lesson 1 5 : Sentences

Lesson 16: Conversatiorlii

187

199

212

225

--- ------

---------------

----------------

Adjective Agreement with Non-Human Plurals

Adjective Agreement with the Dual Form

190

201

Adjective Agreement with Human Plurals 194

Demonstratives 207

----- - ----- - ---

The Past Tense of to be

- ------ - ---

Negation in the IP11st 228

214

The Past Tense

Verb-First Sentences

218

233

UNIT 5: Around Town

250

Lesson 17: Words

Lesson 1 8 : P hrases

Lesson 1 9: Sentences

Lesson 20: Conversations

250

263

275

285

Omission of Subject Pronouns

Possessive Noun Phrases

Direct Object Pronouns

Courtesy Expressions

253

264

276

288

S i n g ular Command Forms

Making Requests

Nouns and Pronouns M ore on Possessive i n b e Sentences Noun Phrases 257

270

281

294

How to Use This Course l,..>j.4 marHaban! Welcome to Living Language Intermediate Arabic! Before we begin, let's take a quick look at what you'll see in this course.

CONTENT Intermediate Arabic is a continuation of Essential Arabic. It will review, expand

on, and add to the foundation that you received in Essential Arabic. In other words, this course contains an in-depth review of important vocabulary and grammar from Essential Arabic; an expanded and more advanced look at some key vocabulary and grammar from Essential Arabic; an introduction to idiomatic language and more challenging Arabic grammar.

UN I T S There are five units in this course. Each unit has four lessons arranged in a "building block" structure: the first lesson will present essential words, the second will introduce longer phrases, the third will teach sentences, and the fourth will show how everything works together in everyday conversations. At the beginning of each unit is an introduction highlighting what you'll learn in that unit. At the end of each unit you'll find the Unit Essentials, which reviews the key information from that unit, and a self-graded Unit Quiz, which tests what you've learned.

How to Use This Cou rse

"

LE S S O N S There are four lessons per unit for a total of 20 lessons in the course. Each lesson has the following components: outlining what you will cover in the lesson.

•

Introduction

•

Word Bullder 1

•

Phrase Bullder 1

(first lesson of the unit) presenting key words and phrases. (second lesson of the unit) introducing longer phrases and

expressions. •

•

Sentence Bullder 1 Conversation 1

(third lesson of the unit) teaching sentences.

(fourth lesson of the unit) for a natural dialogue that brings

together important vocabulary and grammar from the unit. •

Word/Phrase/Sentence/Conversation Practice 1

practicing what you learned in

Word Builder 1, Phrase Builder 1, Sentence Builder 1, or Conversation 1. •

Grammar Bullder 1

guiding you through important Arabic grammar that you need

to know. for a comprehensive practice of what you saw in Grammar Builder 1.

•

Work Out 1

•

Word Bullder 2/Phrase Bullder 2/Sentence Bullder 2/Conversatlon 2

for more

key words, phrases, or sentences, or a second dialogue. •

Word/Phrase/Sentence/Conversation Practice 2

practicing what you learned

in Word Builder 2, Phrase Builder 2, Sentence Builder 2, or Conversation 2.

Q

•

Grammar Builder 2

•

Work Out 2

for more information on Arabic grammar.

for a comprehensive practice of what you saw in Grammar Builder 2.

I ntermediate Arabic

•

Drive It Home

ingraining an important point of Arabic grammar for the long

term. These exercises may seem simple and repetitive, but they're meant to help make Arabic grammar more automatic, so don't skip them! •

Tip

or Culture

Note

for a helpful language tip or useful cultural information

related to the lesson or unit. •

How D id You Do?

•

Word Recall

•

Take It Further

outlining what you learned in the lesson.

reviewing important vocabulary and grammar from the lesson. sections appear throughout the lessons, providing extra

information about new vocabulary, expanding on certain grammar points, or introducing additional words and phrases.

UN I T E S S E N T I ALS You will see the Unit

Essentials

at the end of every unit. Vocabulary Essentials

present the English translations of key vocabulary that you've learned, so they give you a chance to test yourself on the most important words and phrases that you've learned. Grammar Essentials summarize the key grammar that you've learned and act as a "cheat sheet" that will remind you of the key structures you've learned.

UN I T Q U I Z After each Unit Essentials, you'll see a Unit Quiz. The quizzes are self-graded so it's easy for you to test your progress and see if you should go back and review.

How to Use This Course

•

P R O G R E S S BAR You will see a Progress

Bar

o n each page that has course material. I t indicates

your current position within the unit and lets you know how much progress you're making. Each line in the bar represents a Grammar Builder section.

AUD I O Look for the symbol ® to help guide you through the audio as you're reading the book. It will tell you which track to listen to for each section that has audio. When you see the symbol, select the indicated track and start listening. If you don't see the symbol, then there isn't any audio for that section. You can listen to the audio on its own, when you're on the go, to brush up on your pronunciation or review what you've learned in the book.

P R O N UN C I AT I O N G U I D E AN D G RAMMAR S UMMARY At the back o f this book you will find a Pronunciation Summary.

Guide

and Grammar

The Pronunciation Guide provides information on Arabic

pronunciation and spelling. The Grammar Summary contains an overview of key Arabic grammar, some of which is covered in Essential and Intermediate Arabic, and some of which you won't formally learn until Advanced Arabic.

•

I ntermed iate Arabic

F R E E O N LI N E T O O LS Go to

www.livinglanguage.com/languagelab to access your free online

tools. The tools are organized around the unit and lessons in this course, with audiovisual flashcards and interactive games. These tools will help you to review and practice the vocabulary and grammar that you've seen in the units.

How to Use This Course

IJ

�

Gender - ---------

----------------

r

r

Adjective Placement ---------------

Noun Plura l s

---------------

1

-------

Subject Pronouns

Unit 1: People and the Family

,

�

llH.�J , WI , I ju-'

an-naas wa 1-xaa'ila

[,.>j.O marHaban! Welcome! In Unit 1, you'll review a lot of basic vocabulary related to people and the family, and you'll learn some new vocabulary as well. Unit 1 also includes an in-depth review of key grammar you were introduced to in Essential Arabic: gender and noun plurals, adjectives, subject pronouns, questions, and more. Some of the material will be familiar to you, but we'll also delve deeper into each topic, to strengthen your foundation in Arabic. Ready?

Lesson 1 : Words

I n this lesson you'll learn:

•

D

key vocabulary for talking about your family

D

how to form plurals in Arabic

Intermediate Arabic

Saying

is

�

and are in Arabic

----------

---------------

t

i

�

National ities - --------------

Yes/No Questions

----------------

----------

The Femi n i n e Ending o a

You'll continue to see transliterations in most of Unit 1, but we'll gradually move to Arabic script only. So if you haven't yet mastered reading and writing Arabic, make sure you work with the Guide to Arabic Script.

Wo rd B u i l d e r 1

® Track: Lesson 1

Word B u i l d e r

1

(Track 2) C D : 4

I �_,�1 f--j

'ahlan wa sahlan wa 'ahlanbika ��j r - ��j 'ahlan biki Lo maa maa 'ismuki .!il.:.I L. maa'ismuka ill..:.! L. 'ismii ... �! -r min � �j-'ayn r-· --· � .. 'anta 'anti -yaa! � -�j 'anaa f------r-dimashq _,...... J_ --yaxnii �

r

· · ·

l-- �; -1 .. 1,

· ·-

j-

hello and

-r

---

hello to you (m.) hello to you (f) what

What's your (f) name? What's your (m.) name? My name is . . . from where you (m.)

----you (f)

------Hey!, Oh! I

Damascus

- ---

so, in other words

Unit 1 Lesson 1: Words

•

1

Gender · ---------

----------------

r

Noun P l u ra l s

I 'ukht (sister). 0

There are also a few inanimate nouns which are feminine but do not end in

o

-a, such as� shams (sun) and ):i daar (house, home). This kind of irregular gender is rare, though, and it will be indicated in the vocabulary lists.

\ Wo r k O u t 1 Give the gender (m. or f) of each of the following Arabic nouns.

2. a..l�l1

Taawila (table) 3. U"'Yl.i qaamuus (dictionary) 4. :i li.:.i 'ustaadh (professor) 5. oi;[ ' i mra' a (woman) 6. � kulliyya (college) 7. ..,., � kitaab (book) 8. � shams (sun) 9. r--=-1 ' i sm (name)

____________________

-------

____________________

_____________________

_____________________

____________________ _

______________________

_______________________

•

Intermediate Arabic

Saying

is

and are 1n Arabic

�

--- -------

10.

�:1-"

---------------

�

Yes/No Questions

madiina (city)

i

�

Nationalities ---------------

----------------

----------

The Fem i n i n e E n d i n g ; a

__________________ ____

ANSWER KEY I. m; 2.f; 3. m; 4. m; 5.f; 6.f; 7. m; 8.f; 9. m; IO.f Wo r d B u i l d e r 2

® Track: Lesson 1

Word B u i l d e r 2 (Trac k 4) C D : 4

You'll see both the singular and plural forms of nouns in the vocabulary list below. The form to the left of the slash in Arabic is the plural, so ..::... ��

xaa'ilaat means

families .

..:..��/ab�

U"'�i;�

J �./J4j ·�/oi.)4 ! 1-ti; � ., [_j.)

..::.o�j.i/�j.)

.�i;·I.>!,'I •

�

�

.1':1j i;.i..i_;

..::.oli11-=4

s�vti ; r � ..::.olj>l/..::.i>I ,

,

..::.o�i�ri .41;..,..i

xaa'ila/xaa'ilaat shakhS/'ashkhaaS rajul/rijaal imra'a/nisaa' zawj/'azwaaj zawja/zawjaat 'ibnf'abnaa' walad/'awlaad bint/banaat 'akh/'ikhwa 'ukht/'akhawaat 'umm/'ummahaat 'abf'aabaa'

family person man woman (irregular pl) husband wife son son, boy daughter, girl brother sister mother father Unit

1 Lesson 1: Words

•

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - � - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -1- Adjecti ve Placement

Gender --

Noun P l u ra l s

Jl�\;JIJ. rWV�

-�i:H! JIJ. !'.H!

_

Jj�/�

..::..1�;0�

.\j.i...:, - l; '-"!_ -

.i...D

..:;...��;u.i�

®

II :::::::: r

x t khaal/'akhwaal xammj'axmaam 'ibnxamm 'ibnkhaal

_L_ +

bintxamm

1

S u bj ect Pronouns

aunt (maternal side) aunt (paternal side)

t ·1

uncle (maternal side) uncle (paternal side)

cousin, paternal side, male cousin, maternal side, male cousin, paternal side, female

bintkhaal

cousin, maternal side, female

jadd/juduud jadda/jaddaat Sadiiq/'aSdiqaa' Sadiiqa/Sadiiqaat

Ta ke I t F u r t h e r : the a n d

Track: Lesson

- - - - -

Take It Furth e r ( Track 5) C D : 4

grandfather grandmother friend (m.) friend(])

a

Remember that there are no overt indefinite articles (a/an) in Arabic, so a noun on its own can be translated with or without the indefinite article, depending on context. But as you know, Arabic does have a definite article, attached both in pronunciation and in writing to the noun.

•

I ntermed iate Arabic

JI al (the), which is

Saying

is

and are in Arabic

---------

+

-- - ------------

�

�

Nationalities - - -------------

Yes/No Questions

---------------

---- ------

The Feminine Ending i a

bint al-bint kitaab al-kitaab

�I

+

(a) girl the girl (a) book the book

Arabic uses the definite article much like English, to specify something in particular. But it also uses the definite article to make general statements. For example, in English you say "chocolate is good" or "international phone calls are expensive," but in Arabic you'd say "the chocolate is good" and "the international phone calls are expensive." As you learned in Essential Arabic, there is an important rule to keep in mind

al. The -1 in al will change in t, ..!.>th, d, j dh, Jr, j s ._;,sh, S, .._;, D,.b T,J::. DH, and u n, into that letter. So, for example, JI al before a word that starts with S is pronounced aS-, not al-.

when it comes to pronouncing the definite article JI

.l

pronunciation (but not in actual Arabic script!) before the letters..::.. z, "

U"'

U"'

Li.;, r-

tJ...a.1 1 �� �ill

r-

�

�I

�

SabaaH aS-SabaaH dhahab adh-dhahab shams ash-shams

(a) morning �

the morning gold the gold sun the sun

Unit 1 Lesson

1:

Words

,,

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r ----------- ---i--- -- Adjective P lacement

Gender --

-

Noun Pl u ra l s

t

J4j J4..)JI

-

Subiect Pronouns

rajul ar-rajul

I

(a) man the man

You'll sometimes hear these letters called "sun letters,'' because the word for "sun"-� m -begins with one of them. The other letters, which don't force the -1 in to change, are called "moon" letters, because the word for moon­ _,.oj qamar-begins with one of them.

sha s al

The easiest way to remember the sun letters is that they're the ones that are pronounced with the tongue very close to where it is when the 1 in JI is pronounced. Say J 1 and you'll notice your tongue against the back of your teeth. Now pronounce ..::.. .l S, � j Jr,.) z, U"' and u n, and you'll notice that your tongue is in a similar position.

al

t, ..!.>th, d, dh,

s U:. sh,'-"'

D,.b T,.l; DH,

\ Wo rd P ra c t i c e 2

Write the family members that complete the sentences below. 1.

Your father's father is your

2. Your father's sister is your

_ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

_ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3. Your uncle's son (maternal side) is your 4. Your mother's mother is your

5. Your sister's sister is your

ca

Intermed iate Arabic

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

�

Saying is and are in Arabic ----------

---------------

t

i

�

Nationalities ---------------

Yes/No Questions

----------------

----------

The Femi n i n e Ending i a

ANSWER KEY 1. � jadd; 2. W xamma ; 3. JU. 611 ibn khaal ; 4. O� jadda ; 5. � i 'ukht '

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2

Track: Lesson 1 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 2 ( Track 6) C D : 4

N O U N P L U R A LS

As you know, most Arabic words have a skeleton of three root consonants.

�

WORD

ROOT CONSONANTS

� hint (girl)

..::.-. 0-...,.. h-n-t

.J-J -_,w-1-d

.Jj walad (boy) a..9� ghurfa (room) -

}

l

--- -J-y l_gh-r-f

1

Most Arabic nouns have ''broken" plurals, meaning that they don't add an ending like -s in English. Instead, a different pattern of vowels is used with the three root consonants. This is easiest to see if we make things a bit abstract. If C represents any consonant, then the pattern for .Jj walad (boy) in the singular is CaCaC. In the plural, a new pattern is used: 'aCCaaC. So, .J�ji 'awlaad (boys) is the plural of .Jj walad (boy). Notice that the root consonants .J-J -_,w-1-d remain intact, and in the same order. Just the vowels change .

..::.i-u-'-;-' h-n-t (the root consonants for girl) uses a different pattern in the plural: CaCaaC. So, ..::.li1 . banaat (girls) is the plural of � hint (girl). Unit 1 Lesson

1:

Words

,,

Gender

r

Ad1ective P l a c e ment

i

�---+---�-----+ --------------- --------------- -------

Noun Plurals

S u bject

Pronouns

Broken plurals are not terribly predictable! So, you have to memorize the plural of each noun as you learn it. But there are common patterns. Pattern 1

'aCCaaC

7

'a

Nouns that follow pattern 1 add short before the first root consonant, and insert long between the second and third.

aa

.i�ji 'awlaad (boys)

.Jj walad (boy) clj waqt (time) Pattern 2

7

..:;.,[jjl •awqaat(times)

CuCuuC u

Nouns that follow pattern 2 insert short between the first and second root consonants, and long between the second and third.

uu

0.,il funuun (arts)

z,j farm

(art) � malik (king) Pattern 3

7

.!.)_,.LO' '

muluuk (kings)

CiCaaC i

Nouns that follow pattern 3 insert short between the first two root consonants and long between the last two.

aa

•

� kalb (dog)

'-:-''.>l? kilaab (dogs)

J4j rajul (man)

J�.,i rijaal (men)

Intermediate Arabic

Saying

15

�

and are i n Ara b ic

- ---------

---------------

�

Yes/No Questions

Pattern 4

�

1

Nationalities ---------------

�

----------------

----------

The Femi n i n e E n d i n g ; a

CuCuC

Nouns that follow pattern 4 insert short u between both the first two root consonants and the last two as well.

'-:-'ti?" kitaab (book)

�� madiina (city) Pattern 5

�

� kutub (books) u� mudun (cities)

CuCaC

Nouns that follow pattern 5 add short u between their first two root consonants and short a between their last two root consonants.

:J_p dawla (country)

uj ghurfa (room)

Pattern 6

�

JjJ duwal (countries)

..j) ghuraf (rooms)

'aCCuC

Nouns that follow pattern 6 add short a before the first root consonant and short u between the last two.

� shahr (month) -* nahr (river)

J'; 'ashhur (months) �I -*'; 'anhur (rivers) ,

.

Unit 1 Lesson 1 : Words

,,

�

i

Adjective P lacement

Gender

�---+---�-----+ --------------- --------------- -------

Noun Plurals

Pattern 7

7

S u bject Pronouns

CuCaCaa' u

Nouns that follow pattern 7 add short between the first and second root consonants and short between the last two. They also add (long followed by after the third root consonant.

a

aa'

aa

hamza)

!"!� xaalim (scholar) y.�j waziir (minister) Pattern 8

7

< l.4il xulamaa' (scholars) lj)� wuzaraa'(ministers)

•

'aCCiCaa' a

Nouns that follow pattern 8 add short before the first root consonant, short between the last two, and after the third root consonant.

i

aa'

J:!�

Sadiiq (friend) Y-1.} qariib (relative)

l

,[j�j •

'aSdiqaa' (friends) i.:i) l 'aqribaa'(relatives)

Here are some more common nouns with their plurals. Practice each one until it becomes familiar to you, and look for more examples of the patterns listed above.

I

SINGULAR/PLURAL

�! 'isuv'�ji 'awlaad) 4. � jabal (mountain) c-,..J.5 kalb ....,.,� kilaab) 5. (.)"j.:i dars (lesson) (z,j fann u;i funuun) 6. �.,> rijl (foot) (� shahr .rill 'ashhur) 7. �W, SaaHib (friend) (.Jj walad ..>�ji 'awlaad) 8. � Dayf (guest) C&.i fann u;i funuun) 9. 4 \�� safiina (ship) ('-:'Li? kitaab � kutub) 10. � xayn (eye) (z,j fann u;i funuun) ------2. �

------

-

_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-

-------

-

_____________

-

_____________

-

-------

-

-.

__________ _

-

____________

-

ANSWER KEY 1. r')!Ji 'aqlaam; 2. �� buyuut; 3. .)1.1.;f 'amTaar; 4. J4- jibaal; 5. U""J)j duruus; 6. �_jl 'arjul; 7. ��f ·asHaab; 8. J� Duyuuf; 9. ui! sufun; 10. �# xuyuun \ D r i ve I t H o m e

By now, you're familiar with Drive It Home exercises, which may seem easy, but are meant to make grammatical structures more automatic by helping you establish grammatical patterns through practice and repetition. So don't skip over these exercises! They'll help you in the long run. In this Drive It Home, let's focus on a few broken plural patterns. You'll see a pattern, and then a few nouns in the singular that follow that pattern in the plural.

•

Intermed iate Arabic

Saying - - - - -

is

1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - -- - -- - --- - -1- -

and are in Arabic

-

1

National ities

- ----

Yes/No Questions

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-

-- -----

The Fem i n i n e Ending ; a

-

Write out and speak aloud each plural form. Don't worry about memorizing everything now. The point of this exercise is to practice identifying and manipulating root consonants with the different patterns of plurals. 1.

2.

3.

4.

'aCCaaC: d) zawj (husband); .Jj walad (boy); � shakhS (person); clj waqt (time); r.)i haram (pyramid); 0.Y lawn (color) CuCuuC: � jadd (grandfather); i)l fann (art); � malik (king); =:H bayt (house); .,.,) faras (horse); � jisr (bridge); .,.,ts ka's (cup); .J; naqd (coin); .,.J.i qalb (heart) CiCaaC: � kalb (dog); J4,j rajul (man); � xaDHm (bone); Jt>. jabal (mountain)

CuCuC: '":-'� kitaab (book); �� madiina (city); J) nazl (hotel); � Tariiq (main street); • \�! safiina (ship) ·.

5.

CuCaC: tij.J dawla (country); ti_jl ghurfa (room); W shuqqa (apartmen t)

Unit 1

Lesson 1: Words

fl)

Gender

r

Adjective Placement

1

�---+---�----+- --------------- --------------- -------

Noun Plurals

Subject Pronouns

6.

'aCCuC: � shahr (month);-* nahr (river); � nahj (street); �� rijl (foot)

7.

CuCaCaa': ,...!� xaalim (scientist, scholar);.)":!� waziir (minister); ...,.,_,.; ghariib (stranger); J.!.o_J zamiil (colleague)

8.

'aCCiCaa': J,!� Sadiiq (friend); ...,.,..,_,t qariib (relative) ANSWER KEY i.101_;) 'azwaaj (husbands); J�jJ_"awlaad (boys); '-"'t>..,!.j 'ashkhaaS (p eople); .:..lijJ 'awqaat (times); ri).i 'ahraam (p yramids); .;,1_;ii · ��waan (colors) ' ' 2. JJ � juduud (gr andfathers); u_,;.i funuun (arts); �y.; muluuk (kings); ""� buyuut (houses); V"'JJi furuus (horses); J_,.!4 jusuur (bridge s); '-'"'JJS' ku'uus (cups); J_,i5 nuquud (coins); yfo quluub (hearts) 3. y� kilaab (dogs); J�J rijaal (men); r� xiDHaam (bones); J� jibaal (mountains) 4. � kutub (books); ui: �udun (cities); JY nuzut (hotels); J.)b Turuq c main streets); � sufun (ships) 5. Jj� duwal (countries); ._j) ghuraf { rooms); Ji.!, shuqaq (apartments) 6 . _,.;.!.\ 'ashhur (months); �j 'anhur (rivers); �j 'anhuj (streets); �) 'arjul (feet) 7. c.t..o.il. xulamaa' (scholars); c.lj)j wuzaraa' (ministers); '-!.:!) ghurabaa' (strangers); c.�j zumalaa' (colleagu es) 8.

f.

7. �:l-4

g. from

s.

h. mother

ob.; [

9. yi 10. ti;�

11. �

my name

i. father j. student (m.)

k. girl, daughter Unit 1 Lesson

1:

Words

,.

r

Adjective Placement

Gender

1

�---+---�-----+- --------------- --------------- -------

Noun Plurals

>

12. �1

I.

13. �

Subject Pronouns

man

m. aunt

14. J4.)JI 15. �

ANSWER KEY

1. f; 2. d; 3. h; 4. e;

n.

family

o.

woman

5. j; 6. m; 7. a; 8. o; 9. i; 10. n; 11. b; 12. c; 13. g; 14. l; 1 5. k

Lesson 2: P h rases

B y the end o f this lesson, you should b e able to: D

use adjectives in descriptive phrases

D

use personal pronouns to talk about yourself and others.

®

-

P h ra s e B u i l d e r 1

Track: Lesson 2 P h rase Bui l d e r

F ca

t-

--·

J,i_,l.J4j

J.if .J j

.I,!� ..... � .l,!�'-""yll -*"5 .....is .

Intermediate Arabic

-

1

(Track 7) C D : 4

-

rajul Tawiil walad Tawiil kitaab jadiid qaamuus jadiid kalb kabiir

�all ma_ n a tall boy

J

___

a new book a new dictionary a big dog

Saying is and are i n Arabic

�

----------

---------------

�

Nationalities --------

Yes/No Questions

:

------

�

�

----------------

----------

The Feminine Ending o a

maktab kabiir bayt Saghiir baab Saghiir

a big office a small house a small door

\ P h ra s e P ra c t i c e 1

Match the Arabic on the left to the English on the right. 1. � �

maktab Saghiir 2 . .lo:!� � baytjadiid 3. � .Jj walad Saghiir 4. .# '-:-'Li baab kabiir 5 . .l.,!� U"'Y[j qaamuusjadiid

a. a new house b. a new dictionary c. a big door d. a small office e. a little boy

ANSWER KEY 1.

d; 2. a; 3. e; 4. c; 5. b

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1 ® Track: Lesson 2 G r a m m a r Build e r 1 (Track 8) C D: 4 A DJ E CT I V E P LACE M E N T

In Essential Arabic, you learned that adjectives like .# (small) come after the noun they modify.

Saghiir

kabiir (big) or_#

Unit 1 Lesson

2:

Phrases

•

Gender

Adjective Placement

1

---+-----+---+ --------------- -------

N o u n P l u rals

�'-:-'ti?

.»f (j"y(j

J.!f �j

.l,!�(j"y(j

kitaab Saghiir qaamuus kabiir rajul Tawiil qaamuus jadiid

Subject Pronouns

a small book a big dictionary a tall man a new dictionary

Remember that there is no indefinite article a or an in Arabic. So, � '-:-'ti?

kitaab Saghiir means a small book and not the small book. We'll come back to phrases with the later. \ Wo r k O u t 1

Translate the following phrases into Arabic.

3. a new dictionary

5 . a big book 6.

__________________________

_________________________

a new office

___________ _________________

ANSWER KEY

1. J.;�..,..�Li qaamuus jadiid; 4. � � kalb Saghiir; 5. � ..,..14 kitaab kabiir; 6 . .>.;� � maktab jadiid

Cll

I ntermediate Arabic

Saying is and are in Arabic

�

- -------- -

---------------

�

--------

Yes/N o Questions

·

i

�

Nationalities ----- -

----------------

----------

The Femi ni n e E n d i n g

i a

P h ra s e B u i l d e r 2

® Track: Lesson 2 P h rase Bui l d e r 2 (Tra c k 9) C D : 4

.� -- �Yo·iwl

'anaa 'amriikiyya. huwa kaatib. . �IS� kamaal hunaa. .l:J,J W'anaa fii maktabii. ·P � Lli 'anta fii liibyaa. -� � �i 'anaa min al-kuwayt. huwa tuunisii. -�yy> 'anta duktuur fii .,) �-�'.!ii � Jfe°.i �\ 1-mustashfaa. 'anti duktuura fii 1-mustashfaa. +J�

�}

I'm American. (f) +

He's a writer. Kamal is here. I'm in my office. You (m.) are in Libya. I'mfrom Kuwait. He's Tunisian. You (m.) are a doctor at the hospital. You (f) are a doctor at the hospital.

\ P h ra s e P r a c t i c e 2

Fill in the missing words below by reading the Arabic script. Then translate the full sentences.

______

'amriikiyya.

------ kaatib. Unit 1 Lesson

2:

Phrases

,.

Adjective Placement

Gender

Subject Pronouns

Noun Plu rals

______

4.

fii liibyaa.

·ux �.1·.;i1 � ojfi5'$ �l ______

duktuura fii 1-mustashfaa.

ANSWER KEY

1. i.;f •anaa (I' m American.); 2. � huwa (He's a writer.); 3. �j 'anta (You (mJ are in Libya.); 4. �f 'anti (You ([.) are a doctor at the hospital.)

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2 Track: Lesson 2 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 2 (Tra c k 10) C D: 4

S U B J E CT P R O N O U N S

l

Let's take a closer look at the subject pronouns i n Arabic. t,;j

f----

'anaa (I) �j 'anta (you, m) �j 'anti (you,[) ;. huwa (he) � hiya (she)

� naHnu (we) Fl 'an� m (you, pl. m. or mixed)

------- -;

J•i

l$i 'antunna (you, pl.f)

i rA hum (they, m. or �x� , j_ bA hunna (they,[) _J

---+----

-----�

_

_____

Remember that t,;j (1) can be used by both men and women, but �j ·� (you) refers to a female. The pronouns y>J (you) refers to a male and �I (he) and� (she) are self-explanatory, except that they can also be used to mean it. Remember that Arabic is a language with grammatical gender,

'anaa

'anta

'anti

huwa

ca

hiya

Intermediate Arabic

Saying

is

- - - - - -

and are rn A rabic

-- + - - - - - - - r -

- - -

-

- - -

-

-

- - - 1- -

National ities

-- ---_c_

Yes/No Q uestions

- -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

+ - --- --

- -

-

The Fem i n i ne E n d i n g ; a

so you use Y, feminine nouns.

huwa (he) to refer to masculine nouns and � hiya (she) to refer to

- ;;j�UJI . o� �

- �I

·-»f y,

aT-Taawilahiya Saghiira. al-maktabhuwa kabiir.

The table­ It's small . The office­ It's big.

If you're addressing a group of three or more men or a mixed group of three or J o i: more men and women, use the masculine plural pronoun rZ1 (you, pl.). If you're talking about the same group, use � (they). If you're addressing :; J. o i: a group of women, use the feminine plural pronoun C.:UI (you, pl.). If you're talking about this group, use � (they).

'antum

hum

'antunna

hunna

One important point to keep in mind is that � and 6J. are only used when referring to people. Non-human plurals, including animals and inanimate objects, are referred to with � the same pronoun used to mean she.

hum

hunna

hiya,

There is also a special set of "dual" pronouns in Arabic used to talk to or about two people. The pronoun �j means you two and is used when you're addressing two people, either men or women. And the pronoun l.4k means the two of them and is used to talk about two people, either men or women.

'antumaa

humaa

Unit 1 Lesson

2:

Phrases

•

Adjective Placement

Gender

Noun Plurals

S ubject Pronouns

\ Wo r k O u t 2

Match the person or people in the left column with the correct pronoun in the right column. 1. Myriam

a.

.::.J j 'anti

2. a group ofeight girls and three boys b. jk 3.

Hasan

4.

you and a group ofyour friends

5. your friend Yasmine, to whom

huwa c. bA hunna d. i£ f 'antum e. � hiya

you're speaking

rk hum

6.

four girls

f.

7.

a group of three women and three men to whom you're speaking

g.

8.

your friend Kamal, to whom you're speaking

h.

.::.J j 'anta

i.

LoA humaa

9. your two friends, Mahmoud and

� naHnu >

•

-

Ahmed, to whom you're speaking

10. two men ANSWER KEY

j. \..4:U I

1. e; 2. f; 3. b; 4. g; 5. a; 6. c; 7. d; 8. h; 9. j; 10. i

ca

I ntermediate Arabic

J o C:

'antumaa

Saying 1s and are 1 n Arabic - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

i

Nat1onal1t1es - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Yes/No Questions

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - -

The Fem i n i n e Ending

; a

\ D r i ve I t H o m e Let's practice noun and adjective phrases one more time. Combine each of the following nouns with the adjectives in parentheses. Translate each combination.

1.

� maktab (..l,!� jadiid, �kabiir, � Saghiir)

2.

..Jj walad CJ.:iy Tawiil, � kabiir, � Saghiir)

3. � 4.

bayt (..l,!� jadiid, � kabiir, � Saghiir)

.;4j rajul CJ.:iy Tawiil, � kabiir, � Saghiir) ANSWER KEY

I. a new office, a big office, a small office; 2. a tall boy, a big boy, a small boy; 3. a new house, a big house, a small house; 4. a tall man, a big man, a small man

H ow D i d Yo u D o? By now, you should be able to:

D

use adjectives in descriptive phrases (Still unsure? Jump back to page 33.)

D

use personal pronouns to talk about yourself and others (Still unsure? Jump back to page 36.)

Unit 1 Lesson

2:

Phrases

,,,

Adjective Placement

Gender

Subject Pronouns

Noun Plurals

\ Wo r d R e c a l l The following phrases and sentences use key vocabulary that you've learned in this lesson. Translate each into English. Again, this is a chance for you to practice reading Arabic without transliterations.

1. 2.

J.:if �j ·

��

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(.)"'� IJ

4.

· � � -=.Ji

5.

&.>J

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

___________________

_ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6. � ------7. .

o_),!� �

------

J • i.

8. Lil.ii _______________________ ' 9. . �p.ll � Lll

'

J

10.

·

u

� �.'i ·.;i 1 � ojfi-5$ -:.J\

11. .�_,rj [jj 12 .

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

�l.5j.A

_________

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

13. ;J�i.1.JI _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

14.

•

..��.,rl ul

,;

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Intermediate Arabic

�

Saying is and are in Arabic - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

i

Nationalities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Yes/No Questions

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - -

The Fem i n i n e E n d i n g ; a

ANSWER KEY

1. a tall man; 2. a new dictionary; 3. He is bi&fold. It is big. 4. You (m.) are in Libya. 5. we; 6 . house; 7. She is sma/Vyoung. It is small. 8. you two; 9. I'm from Kuwait. ID. You (f) are a doctor at the hospital. II. I am American. (m.) ; 12. He is a writer. 13. the table 14. I am American. (f)

Lesson 3: Sentences

We'll continue t o review some o f the basics o f Arabic in this lesson. B y the end o f Lesson 3 you should b e able to:

D

use greetings and courtesy expressions in sentences

D

form sentences with be and ask yes/no questions.

@

Sentence Bui lder 1

J as-salaamu xala�kum.

Track: Lesson 3 Sentence B u i ld e r 1 ( Track 1 1 ) C O : 4

·

r')l!J1 rl �!

------

ANSWER KEY

f)L;. salaamu Hello.; 2. �� I as-salaam Hello.; 3. � kayfHow are you?; 4. il>JI al-Hamdul'm fine. And you (m.)?; 5. li maa What's your (m.) name?; 6. �! i smii My name is Ahmed. I.

'

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1

@ Track: Lesson 3 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 1 (Track 1 3 ) C D : 4 SAY I N G IS A N D ARE I N A R A B I C

Remember that there i s n o translation fo r the verb to b e (am, is, are) i n the present affirmative in Arabic.

1 �,.;j �j 0:­ -� -- �.r·j t_;j

min 'ayna 'anta? 'anaa 'amriikiyya

Where are you from? I'm American (j). Unit 1 Lesson

3:

Sentences

•

Adjective Placement

Gender

Noun P l u ra l s

.�LS -'"'

l

.W Jl.4.S

·(,?t � u1 ° 0l ' � '-:! ..::-W.;I &,!I,; �j

:_r I'-'

.I I (:'. (.,?':r

· '2 �� �i � ''-:?'Y ,.

. �1_, 4.i:i.l.4 � �i . �_; i ui ''-:?'Y J.

..

..

..

luusii: min 'ayn 'anta yaa saamir? saamir: 'anaa min dimashq. luusii: yaxnii 'anta suurii. saamir: naxam. 'anaa min suuriya. wa min 'ayn 'anti yaa luusii? luusii: 'anaa amriikiyya. 'askun fii madiinat waashinTun. Lucy: Where are you from, Samir? Samir: I'm from Damascus. Lucy: So you're Syrian. Samir: Yes, I'm from Syria.And where are you from, Lucy? Lucy: I'm American. I live in the city of Washington. \ C o n ve r s a t i o n P ra c t i c e 1

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the missing words. If you're unsure of the answer, listen to the conversation on your audio one more time. 1.

n

l_r l.... l,i ..:...,; 1 &,!I

2. ·�� �

3

•

..

•i

,; ------

----

______

Intermediate Arabic

-=.Ji �

Saying is and are 1n Arabic

Nationa l i ties

---+-----+--� - - - - - -

Yes/N o Questions

4. 1'.?'_,i l.! .:;i 5.

.

______

J,.4� �.l.O �

ANSWER KEY 1. �; 2. ui; 3. ��,:..; 4. H .;.i �j; s. .;t..:, i

®

-

-

- - - - - -

--

1

- - -

--

- - -

---

The Femi n i n e Ending o a

. w� � wi . �;i wi ,

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1

Track: Lesson 4 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 1 ( Trac k 1 8 ) C D: 4

N ATI O N A L I T I E S

-ii

Nationalities are typically formed by adding � to the name of the country. If the country name ends in vowel, the vowel is dropped before the ending is added. If the name of the country includes the article J I as in �jS:.11 or ...,_..foJ I it is not used in the nationality. The feminine form of a nationality has the ending �

a

al,

kuwayt (Kuwait) Mas c u l i n e

al-maghrib (Morocco),

��

��j 'amriika (America) ut.:.;l lubnaan (Lebanon) � miSr (Egyp9 ...,_.� 'arab (Arab people� _--

___

Feminine

1.S..i.,}i

al­

��j 'amriikii (American, m.) �t.:.;J lubnaanii (Lebanese, m.) �� miSrii (Egyptian, m.) ...r:_� 'arabii (Arab, m.)

__

'amriika (America) u� lubnaan (Lebanon)

-iyya.

�..; i 'amriikiyya (American,[)

-D�� lubnaaniyya (Lebanese,[) I

-

Unit 1

J

____,

Lesson 4: Conversations

fl)

Adjective Placement

Gender

Subje c t Pronouns

Noun P l u ra l s

�� miSriyya (Egyptian, f)

� miSr (Egypt)

L

�Y 'arabiyya (Arab,f)

..,_,y •arab (Arab people)

y 'arab is a noun used to refer to people. The adjectives are ...r._Y and �Y· Also note that �Y 'arabiyya (Arabic,[) is also used to refer to the Arabic

Note that '-:-' language. Since

Syria in Arabic ends in -iyya, the feminine form of Syrian is treated

differently:

l.!J,.., suuriya (Syria)

®

'-?.>,..., suurii (Syrian, m.) T

�,1� suuriyya

(Syrian,[)

Ta ke It F u r t h e r Track: Lesson 4 Take I t F u rther (Track 19) C D: 4

In Lesson 1 you reviewed broken plurals, the most common kind of plural in Arabic. But a lot of Arabic nouns, including nationalities and professions, are too long or complex for broken plurals, so they take the sound plural endings instead. In the masculine, the ending is 0Y.

'-?� miSrii (Egyptian man)

-uun, and in the feminine, it's � -aat.

�� miSriyya (Egyptian woman)

•

Intermediate Arabic

..::..

r ..::.. �� miSriyyaat(Egyptian women) 0Y.� miSriyyuun (Egyptian men)

Saying

and are i n A rabic

is

Yes/No Questions

�;i 'arnriikii (American man) '

�_;j

'amriikiyya (American woman) j

-

-

The Fem i n i n e E n d i n g ; a

u�;t 'amriikiyyuun

(American men) ..::.. �; \ 'amriikiyyaat (American women) mudarrisuun (male teachers) 1 mudarrisaat (female tea� u� SaHaafiyyuun (malejournalists) ..::.. 1:;?.;,, SaHaafiyyaat (female journalists)

U"'J�� mudarris (male teacher) � )�� 4..;.j. mudarrisa (female teacher) f..:.. L;,), � SaHaafii (malejournalist)

1

-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - -

Nationalities

------

4:!?�

SaHaafiyya (female journalist)

�

:

They're also used with inanimate objects that are just too long and "clunky" for broken plurals. Inanimate objects always take the feminine sound plural ending

..::.. l;i -aat. t� !

'ijtimaax (meeting) u.i � munaaqasha (discussion) }.,,?!o.5 kuumbyuutar (computer)

J

..::.. � �! 'ijtimaaxaat(meetings) ..::.. W � J J• • ' --..:.. I_:;:;�

munaaqashaat (discussions) kuumbyuuturaat ---j (computers)

..:..I aat.

a

Notice that a lot of nouns that have the feminine singular ending o take the sound plural ending

Unit 1 Lesson

4: Conversations

fl)

Gender

Adjective Placement

Noun P l u ra l s

�� jaamixa(university) � kulliyya (school/college) :uh Hafla (party) :tS'r sharika (company) o�li:.i 'ustadha (professor,[) :U.i:'-"" Sadiiqa (friend,[) '-+! L1 Taaliba (student, f) >

S u bject Pronouns

.::... �� jaamixaat (universities) .::... � kulliyyaat (schools/colleges) .::... '>U..> Hafalaat (parties) .::... 1.5r sharikaat (companies) .::.. I� li:. i 'ustadhaat (professors, f) .::... �-:'-"" Sadiiqaat (friends, f) t .::... � L1 Taalibaat (students, f) >

But remember that some feminine singular nouns ending in o have broken

a

plurals.

lij� Suura (photograph) 6.l:i::-O

madiina (city) ;;JL.;...,! risaala aetter) tijj waraqa (sheet ofpaper)

J� Suwar (photographs) u� mudun (cities)

� L.:..j

rasaa'il aetters) Jljj l 'awraaq (sheets ofpaper)

\ Wo r k O u t 1 For each of the countries listed below, give both the masculine and feminine nationalities. This exercise is also an opportunity to learn the Arabic names of a few more countries.

•

I ntermediate A rabic

Saying is and are in Arabic

National ities

--+-----+-----! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1.

..,_,�I al-maghrib (Morocco)

+

;

----------

The Feminine Ending

Yes/N o Questions

a

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_}.�I al-jazaa'ir (Algeria) 3 . ..,...;} tuunis (Tunisia) 4. � miSr(Egypt) 5. � filisTiin (Palestine) 6. uu+l Iubnaan (Lebanon) ------7. ,)_fi1 al-'urdun (Jordan) 8. ��I al-xiraaq (Iraq) 9. �j.S'.Jl al-kuwayt (Kuwait) 10. fa qaTar (Qatar) 11. u.4JI al-yaman (Yemen) 12. uW xumaan (Oman) 2.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY

I. ..r,fa maghribii, �).; maghribiyya (Moroccan); 2. �)lft jazaa'irii, �_,;lft jazaa'iriyya (Algerian); 3. �Y tuunisii, �Y tuunisiyya (Tunisian) 4. I.§� miSrii, �� miSriyya . (Egyptian); 5. � filisTiinti, lj]!!' ' !! filis}'iiniyya (Palestinian); 6 . .,.,!� lubnaanii, �� lubnaaniyya (Lebanese) 7. ��ji 'urdunii, ��ji 'urduniyya (Jordanian); 8. �I� xiraaqii, �I� xiraaqiyya (Iraqi); 9. �jS kuwaytii, �jS kuwaytiyya (Kuwaiti); 10. �}J qaTarii, �..}J qaTariyya (Qatari); 11. � yamanii, � yamaniyya (Yemeni); 12. � W. xumaanii, �W. xumaaniyya (Omanr) ·-

,. ,. ..

,. ,.

,.

Unit 1 Lesson

4:

Conversations

IJ

Gender

Adjective Placement

Noun P l u ra l s

S u bject Pronouns

CD C o nve r s a t i o n 2 CB Track: Lesson 4 Conversa t i o n 2 (Tracka 20-21) C D: 4

' I,?! i.�'i . * j )l;,\ , .i..o.> i

· �� i)J. ''2!4 .� I � �.) ' t.§f �� ·�-'-!>i \ ;;�_'-!>i ?-J.) �� :.i..o.> i 1 .;ilt> � , ;; �_'-!>i l;i # r'>L:J I :t.§f . i}J. , � il.i.J I , t.§_,.o l;i # r '>l.:J I ,;; �_'-!>i

. ..::..ljL � �j.;l J I) �! l:iA j ,J..0.>j

1Jl>JI � < Jl) l;i * j )l;,j 't.§f · · 1 , ;;J,.JJ W...- i LJ� l:i,;j ' -Fl· • J J� -.

,

·

�i �i :t.§r

11.5. .r- l;i J li1 i .!.l.lk - - j;. : ;;�_.bi � LAj.;l ..¥ 1,j J ..::._,L .1 �w LAj.;l o.)L... , u � �� i,r:J) J �i ' F ''2!4 . � i 4.J# L?1 . ..::..1JL -

'aHmad: 'ahlan wa sahlan. TafaDalii. marii: shukran jaziilan. 'aHmad: haadhihi zawjatii laTiifa. laTiifa, haadhihi marii, zamiila min almaktab. marii: as-salaamu xalayki ya laTiifa. kayfa Haaluki? laTiifa: as-salaamu xalayki ya marii. al-Hamdu lillaah, shukran. 'aHmad: wa haadhaa 'ibnii muraad. xumruhu tisax sanawaat. marii: 'ahlan wa sahlan ya muraad. kayfa 1-Haal? laTiifa: 'ibnii khajuul wa taxbaan 'ayDan! marii: 'anaa 'atafahamu. laTiifa: hal xindaki 'aTfaal, ya marii?

G

Intermediate Arabic

Saying

is

Nationalities

and are in Arabic

1

----+----+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Fem i n i n e E n d i ng ; a

Yes/N o Questions

marii: naxam. 'anaa wa zawjii xindanaa bintaani. saara, xumruhaa thamaanii sanawaat, wa danyaal xumruhaa khams sanawaat. 'innahaa khajuula 'ayDan! Ahmed: Hello. Please come in. Mary: Thank you very much. Ahmed: This is my wife Latifa. Latifa, this is Mary, a colleaguefrom the office. Mary: Hello Latifa. How are you? Latifa: Hello Mary. I'm doing very well, thank you. Ahmed: And this is my son Murad. He's nine years old. Mary: Hi, Murad. How are you? Latifa: Oh, my son is shy and very sleepy, too! Mary: I understand. Latifa: Do you have children, Mary? Mary: Yes. My husband and I have two daughters. Sarah is eight years old, and Danielle is five. She's shy, too! \ C o n ve r s a t i o n P ra c t i c e 2 Let's try an exercise with Arabic script only. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the missing words. If you're unsure of the answer, listen to the conversation on your audio one more time. 1.

2.

______

____

3. � I � a.4.aj 4.

s.

.)I+.. j �j

[,il

' �r �� ;; il?i \;; il?i .

[,il �

-;:;
JI � , ..i � l,! 8.

i� 64A5 j

�!

9. _______ Lli

10. �f l,!

_______

j �j

.;J� jA

11. �1.J j d� y W !.i_µl o}-• 'u�

-------

---- U# 4Jt .;:.,lj.L � t.i_µl

�JJ j Lll , �

ANSWER KEY !. µ; 2. �.).:!-; 3. �j.); 4. .;Jli..;.; s. ili.JI; 6. �!; - 7. �; 8. J#; 9. �j; 10. Jt.i1i;

11.l. � �Y"! .. ,

.

.

. .

.

..

•.

,

L\ . :

-r- � � �

. ��\

.�.J -s k

li-muSTafaa sayyaara Mustafa has a red car. Hamraa'. li-mariyam luxba Myriam has a new toy. jadiida. xindanaa bayt Saghiir fii We have a small house in the city. 1-madiina. xindii daftar l I have a notebook. Unit 2 Lesson 6: Phrases

IJ

1

Expressing Have

Adjective Agreement

�---+---�----+--�--1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - There is/There are

Possessive suffixes:

my, your, his, her, etc.

You've seen personal possessive endings such as and � , for instance on � [ '-2 (my name), �[ (your [m.J name) and � [ (your [f] name). Let's look at all of the suffixes on the preposition �. a construction that can be translated as I have, you have, etc.

'-2 �

.!.J .ili .:J .ili J�� o .J.J>

Li> .ili Lo.S-.ili � .ili

rs-�

05.J.J> .

�� �� l.ok .ili

xindii xindaka xindaki xindahu xindahaa xindakumaa xindanaa xindakum xindakunna xindahum xindahunna xindahumaa

I have you (m) have you (f) have he, it has she, it has you two have we have you (m./mixed) have you (f) have they (m./mixed) have they (f) have the two ofthem have

To negate this construction and express doesn't/don't have, you can use J...!.l (is not) or 1.4 (not) in more informal speech.

maa

•

I ntermed iate Arabic

laysa

�

Question Words - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

i

Basic Sentence Struct u re - - - - - - - " - - - - - - -

Common Prepos itions

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

laysa xindii daftar wa 'aqlaam. maa xindahu kitaabii.

�

- - - - - - - - - -

L i n k i n g Sounds

I don't have a notebook and pens. He doesn't have my book.

\ Wo r k O u t 1 Combine the preposition � with the suffixes that correspond to the pronouns in brackets in order to form have sentences. Translate your answers.

1.

.

2.

.

.;J.i [� + Lli] -

J

(I [� + �J

3 . i:Ht; �

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

[� + &;J]

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. ·� � [� + � s . . ill

[� + -=.JIJ

6 . o�� oj� .

------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

[� + LlD

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7. ·..I.:!� jl.:i..:.. \ [� + �I] o

0

8 . . ..;,�1

:

�

o

[� + rA]

oj

-----

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY

I. .�f .,s� (I have a sister.) 2. ·tf U.� (She has a brother.) 3. . .'.,;lj � l.l� (We have a daughter and a son.) 4 .� � ttJ� (We have a small house.) 5. . al!. .!.I � (You have an apartment.) 6. 01:!� Oj� t-:?� (I have a new car.) 7. -�� jli.:,j .!.J� (You have a new professor.) 8 ..,.,�I ,.A� (They have the book.) .

.

. .

Unit 2 Lesson 6: Phrases

,.

Adjective Agreement

1

Expressing Have

---+-----+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - There 15/There are

Possess i ve suffixes: etc.

my, your, his, her,

®

P h ra s e B u i l d e r 2 Track: Lesson 6 P h rase B u i l d e r 2 (Track 29) C D: 4

'\

�·

� �L> � .., ,, _

i.F!·

.l.A>•

. · -· jJ- r-: . .< � -· U"':!-!

'ismuki maa 'ismuki? 'ismuka 'ismii kayfa Haaluki?

your (f) name What's your (f) name? your (m.) name my name How are you?/ How's your (f) health?

haadhaa 'ibnii. baytunaa kabiir wa 'abyaD. maktabuhaa laysa baxiid.

This is my son. Our house is big and white. Her office is not far.

\ P h ra s e P ra c t i c e 2 Translate the following sentences into Arabic.

1. What is your [f] name? -----2. How are you? (How's your [f] health?) ------

3. This is my son. ------4. Her office is not far. -------

•

I ntermediate Arabic

Question Words - - - - -

+

Basic Sentence Struct u re

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

r

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Common Prepositions

5. Our house is big and white.

+

- - - - - - - - - -

Linking Sounds

-------

ANSWER KEY I. �.;i.:.:.. 1 Li; 2. �.;ili.> �; 3. . .;1! 1:..0; 4. � � Ii!H;;; 5. (friend).

�::W>

�.l.O �.l.O ��

�::W> �::W> , ,

�� ��

�::W>

��

Sadiiqii Sadiiquka Sadiiquki Sadiiquhu Sadiiquhaa Sadiiqukumaa Sadiiqunaa Sadiiqukum Sadiiqukunna Sadiiquhum Sadiiquhunna

my friend your (m.) friend your (f) friend his friend her friend the friend of the two ofyou our friend your (m. pl/mix.) friend your (f pl.) friend their (mjmixed) friend their (f) friend

Unit 2 Lesson 6: Phrases

II

Expressing

Ad1ect1ve Agreement

Have

Possessive suffixes:

There is/There are

my, your. his. her, etc.

Sadiiquhumaa

the friend of the two of them

One thing to keep in mind is that if you attach a possessive suffix to a feminine noun ending in o, that ending will be spelled out and pronounced

-at. Take the

example of � +-"" ·

� +-"" .!ili.: +-""

I;$'�a2 +-"'

��

r0 J w.k r�j 43':>0 .ofa

!

______

•�I �j

>

-------

______

o� o;J.

ui

ANSWER KEY I. c)j; 2 . ._k_,hll: 3. J.:.4 ; 4. c)j, l;,,;\ ; 5. .!llii., i.!.; 6. �: 7. .,, Dw,.,, .J) �ji � , j� o�

_______

-

o:i.A

1 _L "!""" :;��· ! I I '1'� : "� ' - '. :; � ! i.r _...lb;_ 2. � �t- �) oft: ; , .. < -�� ------- 1..>" ..r. �4-JI 3.

�

-

• . �

.J ..,, _ '

• • -' .!.L�')i- Lo U7'°' .< j ' ) �- 1.:i;. r.iu

4 . J L+b� Lj , ______ ..:.. �.li �!�!4 �.,, ,�:�::; � .ti� �-1:i� ----

41il

5. ·------- �j i,?)li z,j �I � I ntermediate Arabic

Question Words

Basic Sentence Structure

Common Prepos1t1ons

Linking Sounds

6.

�'..!.1L3�1 � -------

7.

o� j�! ill � �J 1�1 �! i.l.:!� GL3l

.j.§�1

10. 1.bii

_______

0��; -.

_______

z,j t2?� ·.j �

.!.J.!�j d...; � I ��J (,?"ifa l o� � � l� l.4

11. ·------- � .�� I o� �.bii ��_;jL �j �� 12. �I � :J.i.J1

______

13. ·J�j� ---- � 14 . .1.ii ft_,� Ut..

®

_______

µ

�.iL ,ti.Yi ill � fa1 1:i;,

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2 Track: Lesson B G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 2 (Track 3) C D: 5

LINKING SOU N DS

You know that the definite article in Arabic is JI, but that it can be pronounced

an, aDH, aT, aD, aS, ash, and so on before the "sun" letters , :i, J• j, c.J., � .b, .J;, and U Let's take a closer look at some other pronunciation changes .::.. ..!.. , .J,

(.),

•

u-'•

·

Unit 2 Lesson 8: Conversations

fl)

Expressing Have

Adjective Agreement

There is/ There are

Possessive suffixes: his, her, etc.

my, your

you've seen before, to help your Arabic sound more natural. They're both seen in the following phrase:

in the room

First, the vowel in JI is dropped, because it follows the vowel of the preposition

� - You'll also hear that the long vowel of � is shortened. Listen to some other

examples with common prepositions you've learned. Notice both the deletion of the vowel in JI, and the shortening of any long vowel in the preposition itself. The transliteration is included to help show this.

V�lhll � �j.11 t' �f'J I ·;,;,.� '

J_,!J 1 J l

xala T-Taawila

on the table

maxa r-rajul

with the man

taHta s-sariir

under the bed

'ila s-suuq

to the market

\ Wo r k O u t 2 Combine the following words into phrases, translate, and indicate which pronunciation changes happen, if any.

1. �I + � 2

.

..;,�1 + �

3. Uj.1.JI + �

Q

�������

�������

�����-

I ntermediate Arabic

Question Words

Basic Sentence Structure

Common Prepos1t1ons

Linking Sounds

5 . �� + t-o ������� 6. ,!.j;i1 + L> � �lj

Did you notice a pattern i n the vowels i n each o f the ordinal numbers? The consonants are for the most part the same as in the cardinal numbers (sixth is an exception), but the pattern of vowels for each one is CaaCiC . Arabic has a lot of patterns like this-it's always helpful to keep an eye out for them.

\ Wo r d P ra c t i c e 1 Practice those numbers one more time, this time making sure you write out your answers in Arabic script. 1. � + � �

3. � + d;:...:;,, =

=

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

__ _ _ _ _ __

4. '-:!· Ll31� + d...U ·· - W = ------

5.

dj')\j + �lj

6. �� + �uj! 7.

= ------

=

------

o� + ••! -· =

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Unit 3 Lesson

9:

Words

"

r - - -- - - - - - - -- - r

Tel l i n g Time

Using N u m bers -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- -

The Dual Form 8. L..o.> + � 9.

�� + �lj

=

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1

- - - - - - - - -

Days, Dates and Seasons

= ----

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

10. � L.o.> + 4.A.>Jl

= ------

ANSWER KEY 1. � ; 2. � L.l.>; 3. � i.3'>0; 4. ofa; s. u;ji; 6. l.3'>0; 7. � �; s. ;p .s.i>!; 9. .;,ill - !; 10. � �

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1 Track: Lesson 9 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 1 (Track 6) C D : 5

USING NUM BERS

The forms o f the numbers you learned i n Word Builder 1 are what you use for counting. When you want to use a number with a noun, as in three cars, there are a few points to keep in mind. The number � I_, is used only for emphasis. It follows and agrees with the noun in gender, just like an adjective would, as in the second example below.

·� � · '•jb .!.J � . � � �lj , 'oj b .!Jlik

T

_L

There is a guest at our house. There is only one guest at our house.

To express two of something, Arabic typically uses the dual form, which we'll come back to in a moment.

G

I ntermed iate Arabic

1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - 1- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - + - - - - - - -

Using Verbs in the Present Tense

The Negative of t o be

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- -

The Negative Present Tense

-

-

The Present Tense of Verbs with �

When numbers three and above appear with a noun, the possessive construction, or Ul.b !, which you first saw in Lessons 2 and 4 of Essential Arabic, is used. Just as.i.ijl l r-:-1 means the name ofthe boy, .i':I_; \ ;;J� (three boys) can be thought of as meaning something along the lines of a trio ofboys. The thing to keep in mind, though, is that the numbers ;;j� (three) through op (ten) in fact disagree in gender with the plural nouns.

L

-

three girls three men

In the first example above, -=.,Li; is feminine, but the masculine number ..!.. � is used. And in the second, j �.,> is masculine, but the feminine number ;;J� is used. Because this is an 'iDHaafa construction, the ending o is pronounced with its "hidden" t: j �.,> ;;J�. The forms of the numbers that you learned in Word Builder 1 are feminine, so you'd use them when counting masculine plurals. Here are the masculine forms, which you'd use with feminine plurals. three (m.) four (m.) five (m.) six (m.) seven (m.)

Unit 3 Lesson

9:

Words

fl)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -r- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - r -

Tel l i ng Time

Using N u m bers -----! -

-

The D u a l Form

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Days,

Dates

1

- - - -

-----

a n d Seasons

eight (m.) nine (m.) ten (m.)

Things get a bit trickier with the numbers � �j (eleven) through � � (nineteen). First of all, the noun that's counted is in the singular form, so you'd say something like thirteen boy instead of thirteen boys. And to make things even more complicated, from 13 through 19, the ones digit (3 in 13) disagrees with the noun in gender, but the tens digit (1 in 13) agrees with it! Here's that example in Arabic: thirteen boys

Let's break that down. Notice that boys is in the singular: J..lj. The ones digit disagrees with it in gender, so it's the feminine form ;0'.>0. And the tens digit agrees with it in gender, so it's the masculine fa. As in English, eleven and twelve are slightly irregular in form. The ) in � lj (one) is dropped when joined to the wordfa (ten) to form fa �j (eleven). Eleven also has a feminine form �fa 1.5J..> ! .

�Lbfa �i

�lb �p 1.5J..> !

G

I ntermediate Arabic

eleven (male) students eleven (female) students

-----------+---------------� sing Verbs 1n the Present Tense

- - - - - -· -

The Negative of to be

- - - - - - - - 1- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - + - - - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

-

-

The Present Tense of Verbs with ...,!

Similarly, the 0 is dropped from �[ (two) to form the number twelve, as in the following example: twelve passports

Notice that, unlike the other teens, all elements in the numbers eleven and twelve agree with the counted noun in gender. \ Wo r k O u t 1

Translate the following expressions using the vocabulary you have learned in this unit as well as previous units. Pay attention to the gender and the number. 1. eleven (male) students

2. four girls

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3.

ten cities

4.

nineteen books

5.

one and only one king

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6. seven professors � five boys

------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

8.

two dogs

9.

three women

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Unit 3 Lesson

9:

Words

ID

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -r - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- r

Tel l i n g Time

Using N u m bers --

The Dual Form

- - -

-

- - - - - - -

-

- -

-

1

-

- ------

Days, Dates and Seasons

ANSWER KEY I. �11� ii.i; 2. _;\l; tfji; 3. 0� p; 4. y� � �; 5. �IJ .!J.!.'; 6. o�L.:.i �; 7. ��ji �; 8. ut+k; 9. c.� ��; 10.r�i �

CB

Wo r d B u i l d e r 2 Track: Lesson 9 Word B u i l d e r 2 (Track 7) C D: 5

Now, let's take another look at the numbers 30 through 100. Notice that just as in English, where -ty marks twenty, thirty, etc., the endings 6,! and uj are used in Arabic, simply added to the basic numbers. The difference is a grammatical one that we'll come back to later, but just be aware of both forms for now.

U:!�/ &J� uj�j �lj . �. J- �· Li -l Uj uJ�j JJ� > uy')\j/�')\j : - ·j '· · );�.) U. y.I.) �

�

�

�

u�/�

oh! � 0y.;..:,1 &�: -. 0) W;�W

u�I&� ··:

Q

I ntermed iate Arabic

20 21 22 23 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

�

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

The N egative of t o be

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

i

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - -

The Present Tense of Verbs with _

100

\ Wo r d P ra c t i c e 2

Write out each of the following numbers in Arabic.

ANSWER KEY I. 0J�j ._;..A> ; 2 . .:if':JJ_; �LJ; 3. &Y-;jij &..Ji; 4. l..l � ; 5. &Y-;jij �; 6. 0J�j ._;..;> ; 7. .:i�.; 4-i,.; s .:iy..;.,, �; 9 .:i,l':JJ; 10 .:i;;...:..; ._;..A> ; 11 . .:i)�j �lj ; 12 . .:i;.:.:;J &=.

.

.

Unit 3 Lesson g: Words

fl)

U s i ng N u m bers

[

1

Tel l i n g Time

�---r---�----1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Dual Form

CB

Days, Dates and Seasons

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2 Track: Lesson 9 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 2 (Track 8) C D : 5

THE DUAL FORM

As you've seen with the pronouns Lili\ (you two) and LJ. (the two of them), the dual form is a special way to talk about two things or a pair of things that is different from both the singular and plural forms in Arabic. Thankfully, it's like the sound plurals in that it's a simple ending: 0 L or especially in the spoken language, u;. Learn to recognize both endings in the dual. a book two books, a pair of books a girl two girls, a pair ofgirls a phone two phones/a pair ofphones a male teacher two male teachers

If a singular noun ends in the feminine ending o, the "hidden" t is pronounced in the dual, and the spelling of the noun changes to include a ..::.. . :u _'? _ '_ '· -

_ ___

Gil

I ntermediate Arabic

- -- _J_ -

a room -

The N egative of to be

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - · - - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

,

�-w�l:ij� �::1-4 �::>-4/��::1-4 •''

'

��

��/���

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - -

The Present Tense of Verbs with ...,!

a pair of rooms a city + -

two cities an Egyptian woman two Egyptian women

\ Wo r k O u t 2

Give the dual form of each noun. For now, use the ul form.

5.

:JJ

������

6. J4.j

������

Unit 3 Lesson g: Words

flJ)

�

i

Tel l i n g Time

U sin g N u mbers

�---+---�----+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Dual Form 11. ��

-- !,('·l

12. 6,_j.$_,

Days, Dates and Seasons

������-

������

ANSWER KEY 1. .;�Ii?; 2 . .:ili:!LO; 3. .;cl,; 4. .;liiy; s. .;I .ij;i 6. .;�j; 7. .;t;..;j;, .i:; s. .;tiil.i; 9. .;fil,:'-'; 10. .;t.;._,.:li; . . . ll.0.;i ��; 12. .;.�)i . -

.

-

\ D r i ve I t H o m e

Let's drive home those numbers that you've used. You'll see a noun, and then a list of numbers. Form phrases, being careful to use the correct form of the number. 1. �· aj�., a,L. iA..:.J :'

_ ,

-

ANSWER KEY 1. ..:.itt ..!..t�; ..:.iLt �; ..:.itt � 2. �j� Lo.>; W�j; jt>.J �W3 ..:J.S' O.ril; ..:lS. 4.iJji; .

.;M �; 4. �IJ .;Jj; .Jjp�W;�.iij

G

I ntermediate Arabic

.

-

.

. .

·-

.

�

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - -

�

The Negative of to be

- - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

i

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - -

The Present Tense of Verbs with ..;;

H o w D i d Yo u D o?

Let's see how you did in this lesson. By now, you should be able to: D

Count from 0 to 100 (Still unsure? Jump back to page 125.)

D

Use ordinal numbers like.fi rst and second (Still unsure? Jump back to page 126.)

D

Further use the dual form (Still unsure? Jump back to page 134.)

\ Wo r d R e c a l l

Translate the following words, paying attention to the gender and the number.

2.

student (!)

3. days

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. professors 5. books

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6. house � room

8.

sister

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Unit 3 Lesson

9:

Words

•

�

1

Tel l i n g Time

Using N u m bers ....�---... ---;-

�

--------------- --------------- ---------

The D u a l Form

Days, Dates and Seasons

9.

evening

10.

women

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

11.

brother

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

12.

cities

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

13. friend (m.)

�--------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY I. �'jji; 2. J..i.! tb; 3.��t 4. o�L.:.i; 5. .;..15'; 6. �; z lij; 8 . ..=..1. t; 9. lW; 10. H..;�; II. tt 12. .'.,il; 13. J,i,,....

Lesson 1 0 : P h rases

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: O

Tell time

O

Talk about the days of the week, the year, and the seasons

®

P h ra s e B u i l d e r 1 Track: Lesson

10

P h rase B u i l d e r

1

(Track 9) C D: 5

hour, clock

�.)

� (j

Q

I ntermed iate Arabic

minute second

1 --------------t-

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

1 -------------+---- - --

The Negative of to be

sing Verbs in the Present Tense

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

j.ij 1 ' i.ll �,,/�1 , J..,O i j.ij 1 �

[

- -

- - -

-

The Present Tense of Verbs with �

today tomorrow yesterday the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday after before

\ P h ra s e P ra c t i c e 1

Let's practice the vocabulary you just learned. Translate each of the following into Arabic.

2.

yesterday

3.

tomorrow

4.

clock, hour

5.

minute

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6.

second

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Z after

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

8. the day after tomorrow

-

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Unit 3 Lesson

10:

Phrases

0

Using N u m bers

-1--------

Tel l i n g Time

The D u a l Form

10 . the day before yesterday

Days, Dates and Seasons

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY I. r�I; 2. i>/�1, J.Ai; 3. i.>l, � I; 4. UL:.; 5. �j; 6. �0; 7. :...:_;; 8. � I :...:_; ; 9. j/.i; 10. J.'�1 j;.i

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1

Track: Lesson 10 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 1 (Track

10)

CD: 5

TE L L I N G TI M E

Now let's review how to tell time. Notice that for "on the hour" times such as llt..:J I (the hour) and an ordinal number, both in the definite form, meaning the first hour, the second hour, and so on. Since UL;.. is feminine, the ordinal number will take an o on the end. Don't forget your "sun" letters, though! And instead ofusing Jjf (first) for 1:00, use o�lj . 1:00 or 2:00, you use the word

'\Ut..:J l f .o�ljl l Ut..:J I ·'+ilill Ut..:J I . :lillill Ut..:J I

What time is it? It's 1 :00.

It's 2:00. It's 3:00.

It's 7:00.

To say half past an hour, you need to use the phrase � lj (and the half).

•

I ntermed iate Arabic

�

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

The N egative of to be

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

.�lj oy.?W I � l.!J I .�lj � L.:J I �L.:JI

i

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - -

The Present Tense of Verbs with _

It's 10:30.

t

It's 7:30.

J_

To say that it's quarter past an hour, use the phrase ti5J lj (and the quarter).

· ti5Jlj �L>JI �L.:JI · ti5Jlj �lil l �L.:JI

It's 5:15.

It's 8:15.

The word � [ (minus) can also be used to tell the time where English would use before or to. Quarter to six is six � [ (minus) a quarter. It's 4:45. (lit., It's five o'clock minus a quarter.) It's 7:45. (lit., It's eight o'clock minus a quarter.) It's 3:50. (lit., It's four o'clock minus ten.)

You can also use the hour + j + a number of minutes.

· uf)ljj �j � LlJ I �i.!JI ·u�j �lil l �L.:JI

It's 9:35.

It's 3:50.

Unit 3 Lesson

10:

Phrases

•

Tel l i n g Time

U s i n g N u m bers

----+-----+---rl

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The D u a l Form

i

- - - - - - - - -

Days, Dates and Seasons

If it's not clear from the context whether the time referred to is A M or PM, there are certain key expressions that will help you determine that.

� I , LW:JI · j.f.l;J I �I � �I H.;.4.JI j,!iJ I

r--

L_

morning

1

-+

-- 6

noon afternoon

-I

late afternoon evening

--4

night

_

_

J

It's 10:00 in the morning.

L

It's 7:00 in the evening.

To say that something happens at a certain time, use the prepositions � (at/on).

[" ;::;,1 u;:;-

...i. _;,.,.; >i;L>J,

.�lill UL!J I � � j �I

--

--

\ Wo r k O u t 1

J

;,, ;;;;,;;;;- � ,

, ,,..

---

The train leaves at 8:00. --- - -

-

_

1

__J

Write out each of the following times in Arabic.

1. 4 :00

Q

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I ntermediate Arabic

�

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - - -

3 . 3:30

4. 5:15

�

i

The Negative of to be - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - -

The Present Tense of Verbs with ..,i

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. 9:30

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6. 11:55 � �20

8. 1:15

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ �

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY

� IJ I U,L!JI; 2. �WI U,L!JI; 3. �lj l.i!lill U,l!JI; 4. E�Jlj �t>.JI U,l!JI; 5. .....,.. lii l U,L!JI � lj; 6. i)�j L;J.j o� ..J I U,l!JI; 7. i)�j �L!JI U,l!JI; 8. E..�Jlj o�ljl l U,L!JI

I.

CB

P h ra s e B u i l d e r 2 Track:

Lesson 10 Phrase Builder 2 (Track 11) C D : 5

J

� �\

-:1 � �1 •

f--

r-

l

-

-

t�j �\ �I �I �I

Monday

--+-Tuesday ----

H��I

>----

Sunday

-

Wednesday

..

-+

-

Thursday

----

-

·- ------

Saturday

Fri�

Unit 3 Lesson

10:

Phrases

•

Using N u m bers

Tel l i ng Time

i

------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Dual Form

Days. Dates and Seasons

Ta ke I t F u r t h e r

The words for Sunday through Thursday are of course based on the numbers one through five: �j ' �j j ' a3'>0 ' �ill ! ' � lj. But notice that there are some alterations. The word for Friday is derived from the word W4J I, meaning gathering, and the word for Saturday is derived from � , meaning rest. In the original Islamic calendar, Sunday was the first day, Monday was the second day, Tuesday was the third day, Wednesday was the fourth day, Thursday was the fifth day, Friday was the day of gathering, and Saturday was the day of rest. You can see the similarity between � I and the word Sabbath, which also refers to a day of rest.

\ P h ra s e P ra c t i c e 2

Write the word to correctly complete the sentence. 1.

The day after �\ is

2.

The day after -��\ is

3. The day after • LA..:.;� \ is 4.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _

I ntermediate Arabic

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_______

0 6. The day after •l5� \ is

G

_ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The day after �\ is

5. The day after l>� \ is

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_______

. .

+-

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

t --------------�--- -

The Negative of to be

-

- -

- - - - - - - -

-+

- - - -

-------.

The Present Tense of Verbs with ..;

The Negative Present Tense

ANSWER KEY l. W4Ji; 2. t\3'i.JI; 3. �I; 4 '.�!; s. ��\; 6. t�j�I

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2 Track:

Lesson 10 Grammar Builder 2 (Track 1 2 ) C D: 5

DAYS, DAT E S , A N D S E AS O N S

To say that you do something on a particular day, or on a day in general, just use the name of the day. Notice that the word �Y- (day) can be added to clear up any possible confusion in meaning, specifying that � I or ;.[j'.>\iJ 1 refer to days and not numbers .

. �l �Y- Lil � ·:·.:;hll

The doctor is not here on Thursday.

A�j�I �Y- �Li 0�

They always work on Wednesday.

.

· "1�1 r- Y• - 4;1$·,1 1 (.>.,l l �J . 0!"'"' •

I went

to the library on Monday.

There are two types of calendars used in Arabic-the Gregorian and the Islamic, also known as the Hijri or Lunar. The Gregorian is the calendar used in the West. The Islamic calendar is used in both religious and secular parts of the Middle East and it is used in particular to calculate Islamic holy days and festivals. Many newscasts will include the date in both the Gregorian and the Islamic calendar. You'll be able to get by in most places with the Arabic translation of the Gregorian calendar, listed here. We'll come back to the Islamic calendar. • ' ll:;j!.

January Unit 3 Lesson 1 0 : Phrases

0

Tel l i ng Time

Using N u m bers

! __________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____

Days, Dates and Seasons

The Dual Form

..>:! I�

February

J...,11..o

March

�;. j

April

Y.t..o

May

J:!-'J:!

June

�j

August

J: J

�Y-

3:•1:_. ,.1

j.iji.$' 1 . � . ';'

July

-

!

+

September October November

�y

December

To give a date in Arabic, you need to work with larger numbers. ..Ji j means one thousand and �j means two thousand. Remember that when you are saying a double-digit number you have to start with the ones place, followed by the tens place. For example, 24 is0J;.4j �j\ four and twenty. Notice that �ji (four) comes before 0J;.4 (twenty). 96 is 0y..:.:;j �· The word j (and) must always separate all the numbers. -

G

-

If you want to say 124, you begin with the number in the hundreds and then apply the rule above. For example, 124 is ;;J4 (one hundred) �jij (and four) 0J;.4j (and twenty). The same rule applies if you want to say 1,124. You begin with the thousands, then the hundreds, then the ones, and the tens. So 1,124 is ..Jij (one thousand) ;;J4j (and one hundred) �jlj (and four) 0J;.4j (and twenty). I ntermediate Arabic

+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �- - - -

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - -

The Negative of t o b e

- -

-

-

The N egative Present Tense

- - - -

--

- - - -

+ - -

- - - - - -

-

The Present Tense of Verbs with ..,

Here are some examples of dates. Notice that the number of the day comes first, as is common in many European languages

o > 1 � w.J· i .� . -= � uj:r-s:j

November 24

�y

�� � .1.!Lii 1 �L1'>W1 rY. � . j 6..l l..

Tuesday, June 3

�j �l

2007

• , .l..c . �j � U· Wi � � t.;.:;. Uj

January 27, 2006

� j ...ll i � ...,t 4t:i.? �

He wrote his book in 1995.

. &.�� "�.; ; �.A.>j

...

:-� ·�· '->'!: � rY-_ - ·· r· L� _-.s-11. 1y.;.' - � -

They went to Qatar on September 9.

Finally, let's take a look at the names of the seasons in Arabic.

,__

__

t=

�.)JI

�I

J.i.}-JI �lill l

-

t-

- t---

--

--

--

spring summer

--

autumn

-

--- -

winter

lI

J

Use the preposition -.t (in) to say that you do something in a particular season.

1�

-

· }j �11 -.t �t.!.JI Jl �:J We go to the beach in the summer. __ __-+--j i ...w.,.i I � ! -,..a - J. i_0_i_'---'> -�-_....,\·.-l:i..!J ' 1 i,t. In the winter I like to go to the museum -jI -__ or the theater. .� I �! ,

_

_

Unit 3 Lesson 10: Phrases

"

U s i n g N u m be r s

Te l l i n g T i m e

The D u a l

Form

Days, Dates and Seasons

\ Wo r k O u t 2

Translate the following phrases: 1.

January 5

_ _ _ _ _

2. October 19 3.

Monday, August 17

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. Wednesday, March 29 5. Saturday, June 6

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6.

Friday, November 12

cm

C u l t u re N ote T H E I S L A M I C A N D L E VA N T CA L E N DA R S

It is also important to gain exposure to the Islamic lunar calendar, as some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, use it exclusively. The months of the Islamic lunar calendar start when the moon is first visible, so the months do not of course correlate directly to months on the Gregorian calendar. The Islamic months, in order, are: ' � W I 1.5.:il.04 c J3�\ 1.5.:il.04 , � JJ\ �j , j_i�I �j cj.Lo , �� J J ,� I _,:i , o.:i;�.J\ _,:i , Jl" j.:i , ul..h4j , u� , �j · You probably recognize the name of the ninth month, Ramadan, which is fairly well known in the West. -

Cll

I ntermediate Arabic

0

0

0

The Negative of t o b e

sing Verbs in the Present Tense - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Negative Present Tense

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - ·

The Present Tense of Verbs with �

On the Islamic calendar, the years are shorter than on the Gregorian calendar, and they are counted from the beginning of the Hijra, the start of the prophet Muhammad's pilgrimage to Medina in 622 AD. Therefore the year 2000, for example, on the Gregorian calendar corresponded to the year 1421 on the Islamic calendar. This is written 1421 AH, AH meaning Anno Hegirae, year of the Hijra. You'll also come across a variant of the Gregorian calendar, with different names of the months than the ones you learned in Grammar Builder 2. The following are the names of the months used in the Levant countries: '):iT ' � til l uy l.5 .J_,�1 0_,;1S , � lil l LJ:!y!W , J_,�1 0:!? , J_,l-:!i ' '-:-'T , jy:; ' u 'Y-.i-> '}-:! i ' u4

,.b[+.!.

\ D r i ve It H o m e

Let's practice how to use dates in some simple sentences. Rephrase each sentence below with the translations of the dates given in parentheses. 1 . .j;;'i! _. � -..:..: r_;,i_)1.j �!

�j (They went to Qatar on September 9th.) ( . . . October 3 rd, November 17th.)

2 . . �i � a_j)\.j �j,i � \ � Wsf (We ate in the restaurant on August 3rd.) ( . . . July 12th, March 20th.)

3.

·J-:! L. � L.:.;. r_;,i a.J�}\ ·!·!'iS � . (She wrote the letter on May 15th.) -

( . . . January 23 rd, December 19th.)

Unit 3 Lesson

10:

Phrases

•

Using N u m bers

Tel l i n g Time

The Dual Form 4.

Days, Dates and Seasons

.�_,Jr li! r_;,!� _)[ ._;...ij (He went to Egypt on November 12th.) (. . . February 1st, April 7th) ANSWER KEY

' " j· .�_,., , , _ � · ·U i 1 1 ' " j. ' . ! y::.; •U i; 2. � oijll; 3. u�US; 4. �lj �11; 5. �lj ;_r.. 1;.J I �l..!J I ; �- ;�1..:.i a.\Sll; 7. t�I, �I; 8 . �I .j '4 t..'.J 1 �l..!J I ; 9. y�,,_.; 10.,9JI; 11.r_;�1 j;.j; 12. �I �; 13 .:,_,iW; . 14. �I �; 15. t/�ij �L>JI �L!JI .

.

Unit 3 Lesson 1 0 : Phrases

I)

Tel l i ng Time

U s i n g N u m bers

The Dual Form

Days, Dates and Seasons

Lesson 11 : Sentences

By the end of this lesson you should be able to: D

Talk about habits and everyday activities

D

Use the present tense in the affirmative and negative forms

CB

Sentence Bui lder 1 Track: Lesson

11

Sentence B u i lder 1 (Track 13)

t:' � 1 .)!

f,.:.,_;.

�

------

� Unit 3 Lesson

11:

Sentences

•

Te l l i n g T i m e

U s i n g N u m bers

The Dual Form

s.

. ofa1 � o.i:i?J I W1J

D a y s , D a t e s a n d Seasons

______

J4-y1

ANSWER KEY I. filii'-:1; 2. �i ':I; 3. f.,5.:.,5 ':I; 4. .:,5..:. i ':I; 5. J..) � ':I; 6. jW ':I; 7. �:,; ':I; 8. 0JJJ! ':I

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2 Track:

Lesson

11

Grammar Builder 2 (Track

16) CD: 5

T H E N E G AT I V E P R E S E N T T E N S E

To negate a verb in the present tense, just add '-J (no, not) before the verb.

�.»P' � J...).:d o J !i.:,i ��

- � � J...J .:d "1 o:iti.:.l �� . �l.:i � �l

['

This professor teaches a big class. This professor doesn't teach a big class. I always write books .

. �l.:i � �l '-J

I do not always write books.

-�.)All :W.! 1 u-'JJJ

We're studyingArabic.

-�.)All :W.! 1 u-'JJJ ")

We're not studying Arabic.

\ Wo r k O u t 2

Let's go back to the sentences that you practiced in Work Out 1. This time, give the negative of the verb in parentheses. 1.

.4...;,,).o �

-------

2. o�l}JI 4.;L:JI �

41l

I ntermediate A ra b i c

:i'-Jf1 1 (J..j .'.0/ U:,.j .:i)

�j (JS�! JSb

sing Verbs in the Present Tense

The Negative Present Tense

3.

. ..:.uJ..;J , - - - I ------

4 . . � 1 .)f 5.

1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 - - - - -

The N egative of to be

,___----+_ -----!- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

..:..1.J 1 !

-

-

- - ----

The Present Tense of Verbs with ...,;

(�''r" � ..! ' " I..:... . ') •

'r

..:.Jj (��/ .;.A�)

·�' � ----- �' �/�)

6 . . �I u3l ------- � (��/ .;.A�) 7.

. o_;.fiJI

8 . . Wl.J

_______

______

t� I

(�' � - , ..:... ')

. '.)-'-:! · 'r

J4..).ll � /�)

ANSWER KEY I. ,:._,.!..)�-�; 2. &#b ':I; 3. ..,.,_;.!j �; 4. ..;.... � ':I; 5. � ':I; 6 . ..;.... :..; ':I; 7. ,;,� ':I; 8. .:,� ':I \ D r i ve I t H o m e

Let's go over those verbs one more time. Give the complete present tense conjugations of the verbs .�A. '-°Y:! . o� 4..> I_?..:. ! _,J! �� �_,:; 'ii �L... : '-:!J IJ -

l

� \IJll l 6-:f)jlili J.i. Li.:.> :J4 . .hli •WI ._,.,_).\ wi . •IJll l J_,\.;jj 'i - 'i :'-:!JIJ -

.• 1fa.J 1 � t� jS -s) u i J.,J .j:>i5l ul � i 'i :J4

. �p k. � o� ��!.>J I �L..J I � o�lj �L... � ..!.luA � : '-:!J IJ -

Unit 3 Lesson 1 2 : Conversations

IJ

U s i n g N u m bers

Tel l i n g Time

The

D u a l Form

Days, Dates and Seasons

\uA �! i),!.1b o;o Jji o� JA

:J4

\..:.U I J - � \} \ oj.4.JI o� : L;!.llJ

&5..:. i u i . 0 � � t> .} L... i o;o Jj i �� :J4 rY- 'iFJAl l � IJ JO.& i 0 i �t:;,.;.j J � I i.:i.1 ' �I rY-JI 0 i � .il>JI : L;!.l lJ . i.JS �Y:

" - �I :Ji.o.> .

Jamal: The bus is stopping. Dalia: The bus driver needs a short break from driving. Jamal: OK. Are you already having lunch? Dalia: No, I'm not having lunch. I'm just drinking some water. Jamal: I can't wait! I want to see everything in Petra. Dalia: We should get there in one hour-at about 11:00 in the morning. Jamal: Is this the first time you're coming here? Dalia: No, this is the fourth time. And you? Jamal: This is the first time I'm traveling out ofAmman. I'm enjoying my time a lot. Dalia: Good thing it's Friday. Tomorrow is Saturday, and I need to do my Arabic homework for Sunday! Jamal: Wonderful-the bus is moving again. \ C o n v e r s a t i o n P ra c t i c e 1

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the missing words. If you're unsure of the answer, listen to the conversation on your audio one more time.

1. .wJ� -----

2 . . o� '->�! u-1! �� LJ"':!o!y�I

Cll

I ntermediate Arabic

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

sing Verbs in the Present Tense

1

The Negative of t o b e

------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

______

4 . .ill W I


Adj ective A g r e e m e n t

AdJ e c t 1 ve A g r e e m P n t w 1 t i"

1

Non· Human Plur�ls · - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-r - - - - - -

Adj e c t i w A g r e e m e n t

r

with

t h e D u a l Form - - - - - - - -

w i t h H u m a n P l u r ( �) 3. oj-"3 ( ��) 4.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

� c �..,,l.1)

5. � ct).L1)

-�----

ANSWER KEY 1. ..r:f4 C� (a Moroccan cook); 2. � :� (Chinese soup); 3. o:,,.� o� (delicious fruit) 4. o:i�� o� (cold beer) 5. �11 � (fresh milk)

Unit 4

Lesson 1 3 : Wo rds

fl)

Adj e c t ive Agreement w i t h

Adjective Agreement w i t h

N o n - H u m a n P l u ra l s

the Dual Form

�

1

---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - · Adjective Ag ree me nt w i t h H u m a n P l u ra l s

®

Demonstratives

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2 Track: Lesson 13 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 2 (Track 26) C D : 5

A DJ E CT I V E AG R E E M E N T W I T H H U M A N P L U R A L S

Let's take a look at adjective agreement with human plurals, starting with the feminine. If an adjective describes a female human plural, it will take the feminine sound plural ending ..::.. L

:li:i.,1 � �.8-:!_,1 .:.. li1

I

a tall girl tall girls

o�� l �..):4! 1

the new teacher

.=.. 1 ��1 .=.. t...).:. :4l l

the new teachers

ojJ;"a1 1 ��I

the short journalist

_;ljJ _oill _;��I

the short journalists

However, if an adjective describes a male human plural, it has a choice between a sound plural and a broken plural. Which type depends on the adjective itself; if it's a complex word, it will take the sound plural ending 6� but if it's an adjective with the typical three root consonants, it will probably take a broken plural. Not all shorter adjectives have broken plurals. Just as with nouns, the best way to learn the plurals of adjectives-broken or sound-is to memorize each new one. Here is a list of the broken plurals of some common adjectives.

Gil

I ntermed i ate A ra b i c

-- +---------------�---------------1--

Negation i n t h e Past

The Past Tense of to b e . - - - -

-

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - -

--- --

Ver b - F i rs t Sentences

T h e Past Te n s e

j 4?1j,!-f

+

big, old

j�/�

small, young

Hii;l; �

great, powerful

� J4/��

new

j�/�

short

j lj:b/�f

• !,!�l; '='_;i liAJ,;� • < tA .ii/i'-:i�

t

i

tall strong -

old,former, ancient

0�/�

J I

a bottle ofwine

� H��

--

�� t4- .l

+-

��

a bowl ofsoup

roasted chicken

�,lojl.bi

grilled vegetables

0;ii 1 � �� ....9_,_)1.

t:=:�- r ..;.. � 1 C}.l

roast lamb

sweet mint tea

to pour the water

to taste the spices to pay the bill

\ P h ra s e P ra c t i c e 1

After reviewing the previous phrases, translate the following: 1. a table for five

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. a reservation for Saturday 3. a table close to the window

4.

•

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The famous chef is from Beirut. I ntermed iate A ra b i c

------

�

The Past Ten s e of to b e - - - - - - - - -

5.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

T h e Past Te n s e

I love roast lamb and grilled vegetables.

6. the delicious sweet mint tea

i

Negation i n t h e Past - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - -

Verb - F i rst Sentences

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-------

7.

The bottle of wine is on the table.

8.

an old restaurant in the neighborhood

-------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY 1 .;,�1 1 . ;\..! ;.)�11; 2. �l rY.*; 3. ;�t:J1 ..;...;i ;J�l1; 4 .;J;;,; ��1 tw..i 1 ; 5. . (this banono); 12. 4 (those tomatoes) .

.

Unit 4

.

Lesson 1 4 : P h rases

•

Adjective Agreement w i t h

Adjective Ag reement wi t h the D u a l Form

N o n - H u m a n P l ur al s

Ad1ective Agreement w i t h H u ma n P l u ra l s

Demonstrat i ves

\ D r i ve It H o m e

Let's do just a little more practice with the demonstratives to drive them home. For each noun below, give the appropriate forms of the demonstratives in parentheses, and then translate your answers. 1.

2.

j 4-.,i (these, those)

�L!. (this, that)

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3.

o_;j (this, that)

4.

WLS:..;., (these, those)

5.

.;� (these, those)

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY I. j�_,JI �'iji. (these men), j�_,JI �Jf (those men); 2 .:,SL!JI 1=... (this tea), .:,S L!..J 1 .!J!j (that tea), 3. !� oj.4il1 (this date), oj.4il1 .!.14 (that date) ; 4 .;.,e1S..;J 1 !� (these knives), .;.,e1S..;J 1 .!.14 (those knives); 5 .

.

.;�I �'iji. (these girls), .;�I �Ji (those girls)

H ow D i d Yo u D o?

By now, you should know:

fll

0

Some useful phrases to use at the restaurant (Still unsure? Jump back to page 199.)

0

How to use demonstratives like this and that with nouns (Still unsure? Jump back to page 20 7.)

I ntermediate A ra b i c

.

The Past Ten s e of to be

- - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

i

N e g a t i o n in the Past - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

T h e Past Ten s e

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - -

Ver b - F i rst Sentences

\ Wo r d R e c a l l

The following are key vocabulary that you've learned in this lesson. Review the vocabulary of lesson 14 and then translate the following.

1.

this tea

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. that coffee

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3.

those women

4.

two cheap books

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. those tomatoes

6.

two tall boys

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

7. a friendly Egyptian woman 8. I love roast lamb.

9.

to pay the bill

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

10. grilled vegetables 11.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

two delicious dates

12. those girls

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY 1. .;,sl..!J 1 1:,.;.; 2. o;fil1 �; 3 i.:..1J 1 ��1; 4. u�j u��; s. 1-!'Lil.!1 �; 6. .:,'.ll,i_,1 .:, 1 .;Jj; . •

7. '-4J �;,B. ! 4.l�lill ..;_;LS .i� J� t�l &LS

---

-

. i� �4- ..Ll5

-�

We were at a new restaurant yesterday.

=r

J -t-

The food was delicious. The restaurant was crowded. The waiter was polite. �

The waitress was friendly. The cook was very busy. I was very hungry.

---

You (m. sg.) were thirsty. You (f sg.) were thirsty. Our friends were there, too. My dish was spicy. Was your dish spicy, too?

G

I ntermediate Ar abic

The Past Te nse of to be

- - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

t

�

N e g a t i o n 1n the Past - - - - - - - - · - - - - - -

The Past Te n s e

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - -

Verb - F i r s . Sentences

The coffee was hot and the water was cold.

\ S e n t e n c e P ra c t i c e 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb ol.5 (was). Listen to your audio again if you're unsure.

1. .J...�� �� � �

-------

2 . �;J r i..J:J I .

3.

. �j� �'

5.

.d�!!"l 4..l� WI '

" l 0

-----

_ _ _

6 .

I� J� tt.;1JI

7.

i� ��

.

.

8 . . Z,�

• :; -

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

-------

----

9 . �� .

10 �I .!.IL.Ji .

.

ii . .LL>

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

____

�

Unit 4

Lesson 1 5 : Sentences

l'JI)

Adjective Agreement w i t h Non-Human Plurals

Adj ective Agreement w i t h the Dual Form

Adj ective A g r e e m e n t w i t h H u m a n P l u ra l s

Demonstratives

ANSWER KEY i. ll.5; 2. i:,l5; 3. i:,l5; 4. i:,l5; s. �lS; 6. i:,l5; 1. ill; s. a; 9. �; 10. 1_,5 l5; 11. i:,l5; 12. i:,l5; 13. � l5

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1 Track: Lesson 15 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 1 ( Track 3) C D: 6

T H E PA ST TE N S E O F TO BE

In lesson 12 you learned that even though there is no present tense form of the verb to be in Arabic-no am, are, or is-there is a negative form- ..;.:J 13\, ..=....:.J .:.JI, � �i, etc. There are also past tense forms of the verb to be, the equivalent of was and were.

..Ll.ht

d.5- .:.Jj

0L5; c..; L5 �

I

! was you (m.) were you ([.) were he, it, was she, it, was; they were you two were we were

ps p t bfil 0Z t

1) L5 �

Gil

I ntermediate A ra b i c

you (m. pl) were you (f pl) were they (m.) were

The Past Te nse of to be

-- -

- r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - N e g a t i o n i n t h e Past

- - - - - - - - - - - -

-

-

Verb- F i rst Sentences

T h e Past Te n s e

l$ � t.\1.5 � li,;1.5 �

they (f) were the two of them (m) were the two of them (f) were

As usual, don't forget that non-human plurals are treated as feminine singulars. So, � 1.5 � can sometimes mean they were when referring to _:., t.\Y.� .. , , ; . (televisions), ..::.. ljJi�!;< (computers), ..;.. Jt? (dogs), J� (mountains), etc .

. �-!�I •:1J. 1,_!ijj �' �jj Lill i, L.;;,j j Li.A, l.Lij.l � I ; 2. � Ui, � �i, � � i, �;.>. � �. � �· r!.s:?'1 pi. i:,.1S:?"� bili. 1� �. � &A. � � i. � IAA: � IAA: 3. � Lli, � �i. # � i, .;..i5" jA, � �1 �-b>J ·.'�P! · � bil l . 1# �· � &A. � Lill i , � IAA , $ IAA: 4. ·.LJL t.H, dL �i. �L �i, jL jA, �L �· uiL ,;,;J, pL pi. ·�L bill. 1}L �· i:,iL &A. 1.£L Lill i. 'iL IAA, wL IAA. ..

H ow d i d yo u d o?

By now you should be able to: D

Use the past tense of to be (Still unsure? Jump back to page 214 .)

D Talk about some activities in the past (Still unsure? Jump back to page 218.)

\ Wo r d R e c a l l

Match the Arabic on the left to the English on the right. a. she laughed

2. � w

b. the two ofthem did c. I da

G

I nt e r m e d i ate A ra b i c

.

- - - - - - - - - - - -

The Past Ten s e

4.

..:..iL �

6.

LilW l.il;\

Ver b - F i rst Sentences

e. the two ofyou worked

> ••

f. he wrote

7. .;..i$' Y,

g.

8.

h. you (pl) went

H-if uj 9. j.Jj 1J

10.

11. 12.

. ..

1

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

d. you studied

5. �� pf J•

1

N e g a t i o n in t h e Past

The Past Te nse of to be

--+------t - - -

the professor (f) arrived

i. I understand .. ..

{

d..Qj o.Jl.:i..:.�I

�r �j

��

j. he was at the restaurant

k. she asked I.

you (f) drank

ANSWER KEY I. d; 2. b; 3. j; 4. k; 5. h; 6. e; 7. f; 8. i; 9.c; 10. g; ll. l; 12. a;

Lesson 1 6 : Conversations

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: D Speak more about past events D

Use verb-first sentences

Unit 4

Lesson 16: Conversations

•

Adjective A g reement w i t h N o n - H u m a n P l u ra l s

Adjective Agreement w i t h t h e D u a l Form

Adiective Ag ree ment with H u m a n P l u r a l s

Demonstratives

Cll C o n v e r s a t i o n 1 ® Track: Lesson 16 Conversat i o n B u i l d e r 1 (Tracks 7-8) C D: 6

Lucy went to Muna's wedding last night. The next morning, she chats about it with Nadya, her neighbor, over a cup of coffee. Nadya isn't impressed by the food or music. Listen in.

· i,r"Y 4 � 1 L� ,�ji.; . � l - �ji.; 4 JYJ I l:� ' i,r"Y

l.' �j;; lkji ..::.J l5 J;P . (,.)1 i,i'i ' �J � j , � �j : �ji.; U"':!� I o .J.l_IJ , U"':!� I J.i,i � ..Llj..05 ifo . ! ..:;;:; '·! , �ji.; 4 , oT 'lf"'Y . a5r �Lo �� 1_,_, ojy.5$ l.'•ikil � ofo Lyj # i � ,�ju . ..::.. 4f>J 1_, �1_, ;u� 1 Ji. i� o�:.u_, ofo ..::.. '.)\.$'i cist F F ' i.r"Y l.'�y!. ljl.j ,�ji.; . . < G.W .'. ..ii t.:..; A : .1 ':? -' � ·!'"' i,r".r .

'

'

Ji. �,,)!; llil ;u�1_, �j �L.!.llj �j ..,..._,� � 1 . . . 1.'bli ,�ji.; l.'Jj�I � �� •2•.! ·y 6J� � � �l5 � - . . �I . ..,... 4 ,,) _,� J ! 1 ·.�u2•.! ·y 6J� .!! � �l5 i.. , 'J 'i.r"Y l.'�u+ii 1 ;; *11 � ·:·;k;; j ,�ji.;

· U"':!� I o�j � �j � J L> �I C:!' ' J�I j5 C:!' ,!,;k;; , WJ., ' i,r"Y

Nadya: Good morning, Lucy. Lucy: Good morning, Nadya. Hello. Nadya: Hello. Welcome. Come in. How was the party yesterday?

Q

I ntermedi ate A ra b i c

The Past Ten s e of to be

--+------t - - -

-

1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - -

N e g a t i o n in t h e Past - - - - - - - - - -

-

- --

-

Ve rb- F i rst Sentences

The Past Te n s e

Lucy: Oh, Nadya, I had a lot offun. I met the groom's family. His mother is a doctor and his father owns a company. Nadya: So, they must have spent a lot ofmoney on the party. Lucy: Yes, that's right. We ate a lot ofdelicious foods like tabbule, kibbe, and sweets. Nadya: And what did you drink? Lucy: Pepsi and tea. Nadya: That's it? Pepsi is a cheap drink, and tea is too. And tabbule is an ordinary dish, like kibbe. Was there at least a band playing Arabic music? Lucy: No, there was no band. We listened to Amr Diyab. Nadya: Did you speak the Lebanese dialect? Lucy: Ofcourse, I spoke to everyone: to Muna's male cousin and her female cousin and to the groom's grandmother. \ Conversa t i o n Pract ice 1

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the missing words. If you're unsure of the answer, listen to the conversation on your audio one more time.

i . · -.rY l.! ------ (� 2. - �jl_j l.! ------- (�

3. ------- � · r.J' 1$7 ,�_, )l;\

��f diL;Ji 4. (.)":!_,.J i ooi!� (.)":!_,.J i J.i.i �

,

_______

_______

------ �La ���j ojyS�

s.

6.

)l;l

.� �! , �ju L.! , oT

� ------ � o# LY-9 ------- �

"o , .� < . - ."1 :-'i " 1.'.� ! i ,; _ ·i � � "'"ii� " "-':r.- � ; "+.!-"'.-' ;:r------- '� '� " ''1

--�

Unit 4

Lesson 1 6 : Conversat i o n s

•

Adjective Ag ree ment w i t h

Adjective Agree m e n t w i t h

Non-Human Plurals

the Dual Form

Adjective Ag ree me nt w i t h H u m a n P l u r a l s

7.

'\

8.

·':'i.JJ � �I

9.

_______

1,jL.j

_ _ _ _ _ _

�j i,Si.JJ �

. . . �I � �J� llil

10.

'\j.i�I � �y

11.

__,j[ ·

Demonstratives

______

______

______

":-' �J �

.:i �;;.!

..,..,_,;... �I . . . '\.hil

ti� ..!JuA ..:.JLS j.i

._,.. ti� ..!JuA ..:.JLS

______

,'J

12. '\4;u;t1 �4 -----13. o4j � �j � JL> �I C:' ·

U"'-',.,.._; 1

ANSWER KEY 1. }.JJ I ; 2. .1YJ I; 3. �

,� I jS C:' ------- ,WJ,

8. l.\1A ..::.J IS; 4. ..Ll�. lS.).?; s. ;.fuj1, _,ill ! ; 6. .:.. l,i_,.i.>JIJ. lili'l; 7. �A 9. �j. l..l.F.J IJ; 10. �y; 11. 1;:;; · 1, t..; 12. :·:k;i; B. !.:k; ·

®

•

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1 Track: Lesson 16 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 1 ( Trac k 9) C D: 6

N E G ATI O N I N TH E PA ST

Depending on the tense of the verb, Arabic uses different negative particles to form negative statements. In the past tense, the negative L. (not) is used in front of the verb, instead of 'J, which is used to negate the present. The party was not yesterday.

G

I ntermediate A ra b i c

N e g a t i o n in t h e Past

rhe Past Te nse of to be

------ T h e Past Te n s e

·�fi1 jii � d_)A5 L4 . ofo ..::._, .1 ,;J 1_,ilii l4 J!oJ

. �I U1r l4 ·y

ti_):! .!.Jl.J, ..:..._; IS L4

. �L4 1 � � ·:·;k:; l4

\

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Ve rb- F i rs t S e n t e n ces

I did not meet the groom's family.

They did not spend a lot of money. We did not drink Pepsi. There wasn't a band. You (j) did not speak in the Lebanese dialect.

_J

� is a more formal way to negate the past tense. But when � is used, the verb is in

a special form of the present tense called the jussive. Don't worry too much about it yet; we'll come back to in Advanced Arabic. For now, learn to recognize the particle. �' and remember that even though the verb form after it looks like the present tense, the meaning is a negative in the past. I did not meet the groom's family.

We did not drink Pepsi.

\ Wo r k O u t 1

Use l4 to negate each of the sentences you came across in Sentence Builder 2 of Lesson 15.

1. I did not go to the restaurant yesterday.

2.

------

You (s. m.) did not sit next to the window. ------

Unit 4

Lesson 1 6 : Conversat i o ns

•

Adj ect i ve Agreement w i t h

Adject i ve Agreem e n t w i t h

N o n - H u m a n P l u ra l s

t h e D u a l Form

Adjective A gree m e n t with Human P l u ra l s

D e m o n stratives

3. You (s.f) did not read the menu. ------4.

They (m. pl.) did not want dessert. ------

5. They (m. dual) did not ask for the bill. ------6.

She did not drink mint tea. ------ANSWER KEY I. ..;..,: � 1 �I J [ �:, I..; 2. ;:,;till jlY:-! � I..; 3. rlAhll �Li "'-'i) I..; 4. . IJ 51ji I..; s

. ..,.. t.....J I 4J1 I..; 6. t_tl;i!� .:,S� �r

i..

fD C o n v e r s a t i o n 2 ® Track: Lesson 16 Conversa t i o n 2 (Tra c k s 10-11) C D: 6

Donald and Lucy have just been seated for dinner at a nice restaurant and are waiting for Nadia and Samir to arrive.

dJI �! �L!JI u �I �L!JI l.' 4..;.. � l.!JI �L!JI �I l,i oJS� -:-Ji _Ji :.i.ll.ij J . i� �4- Li ij

- � 0i � r LAhi1 � Z,i � � ,fa o i �� \s""Y · .ftJy.4lA o� -,.J.bL , � 1 � ..::.iy L �J :.i.! LiJJ (d..,i J LiJ r-- J_,...,j � rL..b.1 1 y.lb u.- � .iJLij J) JS�l li.1.� iJ 1:,� . i� � JJ.}J I ulS ill , _r->\1.JI l:iii � i� J.:.Ll :d..,i J l.i

l.' l.i..i_,�

� 1_,i 1 � ''..r'Y ! � �4 :.i.ll.ij J ( r WJ I Wli o•l_,i � uJi.l+.!J o�) . . •

G

I ntermediate Arabic

The Past Te nse of to be

N e g a t i o n i n t h e Past

------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

+

-

---------

Ve r b - F i rst Sentences

T h e Past Te nse

i� l:!:J � , 0 4-J�4J1 i)! uw,� 4 , a.L_, _,�_, � Jj.§J LJ> ..1.:!) � � l l :U. � 1�1 Jjj � � ..:J � � :.im_,..> '

.

.

u�_, jJ i �i �-' � ,�

· ·- �i- .J.J-Ji : d...i- ..> w . •1·· -.1 . jip,1_, rJfal � I � d} � Ej� � :�..>w d.../ w� 1..»I_, �.) � -::.. �_,J...; � � ..:J.}.lj wi � I � � 'l.S""Y -

..

-

..

-

..

. ...,.., L;.5_, :ws_, �4-.:i -

_ . ,,

(4-:J.b � I .,r._,y..o 4-J I o� ..>.Jw_,..> i) ! � � I J..o l.i:) . :w:.1 • · -' · - �-

' ftJJ;W I

11

,.;i...11

· � I U ;; I . l,i: '"lt"' ,- v-:

Donald: Are you sure that the reservation was for 6:00? It is 6:45 now and I'm very hungry. Lucy: We have to wait; we can't order the food before they arrive! Donald: But I'm going to die ofhunger. I'm going to order a hamburger. (Donald finishes orderingjust as Samir and Nadia arrive.) Nadia: Sorry we're late. The traffic was really bad. Why didn't you start without us? Lucy: Well, actually . . . Donald: Ofcourse not! (They sit and begin to look over the menu.) Samir: I would like hummus and grape leaves, cucumber and salad, as well as eggplant dip. It is quite delicious here, too. Donald: Is there meat in the grape leaves? Samir: Yes, and rice and cinnamon. Nadia: I want kobeba as well. Donald: What is kobeba? Unit 4

Lesson 16: Conversations

I/)

Adjecti ve Ag ree ment w i t h

Adj ective Agreement w i t h

N o n - H u m a n P l u ra l s

t h e D u a l Form

Adj ective Agreement with H u ma n P l u ra l s

D e m o n st ratives

Nadia: It's made of balls ofground beefand bulgur wheat. Lucy: Can wejust share one order ofgrilled meats for a main dish? It includes chicken, kofta and kebab. (The waiter brings Donald his hamburger.) Waiter: Here is your hamburger. Enjoy your meal! \ Co nversat i o n Pract i ce 2

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the missing words. If you're unsure of the answer, listen to the conversation on your audio one more time. 1. )

2. 3.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

. _______ _______

rWJI .,.JiJ Z,i � � , -� ui

Lii_, �SJ �! �L.!JI u�I �L.!JI (Ji _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

______

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. .ft»+° LA ·

______

5 . . i� �.!.!}JI u lS 1l.i..i_,� JS�I

�j.i.p 1'1

_______

'

7.

'� ----

· · · -------

.�1 1:i.; � i�

9. 10.

G

_______

1�1 Jjj �

�

:;J,l -� )L.!>J � J.)j_,

_______

· -----

I ntermediate A ra b i c

')P-lli l 1:i;, � i� J..;.Ll

------

6.

8. �J

�L , t¥.J I � -=..yL �-'

J

_,.µ u4J�4.1 1

_______

.!.ll.il. Ji.

-----

�i �-' �

..1..>)

The Past Te n s e of to be

N e g a t i o n in the Past

Ver b - F i rst Sentences

T h e Past Te n s e

11. ,:;:j:S-11 � L,,!i

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

�------- � L. 13. r_,)..J I �I � ..::..!,5 � oj� � 14 . �.).>� �J � ..::..t-:!� ..,...11 � .!.lflJ 0i

12.

· ----

� Ji

_______

15 . .

_______

16 . . � 44J

'ft)...0 4-J I

_,

4iiS_,

_______

4 u�

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY I. ;:J\il, ��l.!.JI; 2. �4-. ]j�; 3. �· �· J+i; 4, o�; 5. ..iii, l:i l..!; 6. e;il_,.11; 7. ��; 8. Lil, ;Uw, ��. �:J; 9. r>J; 10. jji. U�J' 11. -',!); 12. �I; 13. Jlp1J ; 14. �I; 15. ?;:4-:i ..,.. LtSJ• 16. J.lJ5 •

®

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 2 Track: Lesson 16 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 2 (Track 1 2 ) C D: 6

V E R B - F I R S T S E N T E N CE S

Arabic sentences, just like English ones, include two parts: a subject

the person or thing that the sentence is about, the person or thing that does the main action

a predicate

the part of the sentence that gives you more information about the subject-what it does, what it's like, where it is, etc.

Predicates can be verb phrases (Mahmoud �peaks Arabic), nouns (Mahmoud is a teacher), prepositional phrases (Mahmoud is in the car), adjectives (Mahmoud Unit 4

Lesson

16:

Convers at i o ns

•

Adjective Ag ree ment w i t h the Dual Form

Adj ective Agreement w i t h Non-Human Plurals

Adjective A g r e e m e n t w i t h H u m a n P l u ra l s

Demonst rat i ves

is tall), or adverbs (Mahmoud is here). If the predicate is a noun, a prepositional phrase, an adjective or an adverb, the subject typically comes first in the sentence.

. �_;\ (,ti

She is an American .

. �_,1 �

. hl J L.o.5 . Lu..J

·:·-

� -=.Ji .

He is tall.

f -

Kamal is here. You are in Libya.

But if the predicate is a verb, it's very common for the word order to be: Verb + Subject + (Direct Object or other phrases) Notice that the following sentences all begin with verbs: ..::..J l5 (was), .::.J5j (ate), and ,.,,k; (spoke) .

. _,...o \ dikil ..::..J l5

)j•J ._,.., 4J� .!.l � � l5 . _,...o i 4..1Y.iJI 4.,i..lw .::.J5f .\_# 4.,i..lw .-.0k�

The party was yesterday. There was a music band. Nadya ate tabbou/e yesterday. Nadya spoke a lot.

In verb-first sentences, though, the verb only agrees with the subject in gender. It doesn't agree with the subject in number and is instead always singular. Take a look at these two examples.

G

I ntermediate A ra b i c

The Past Ten s e of to be

N e g a t i o n i n t h e Past

Ver b - F i rst Sentences

T h e Past Te nse

f

The students travel to Sinai every week. CTit., Travel the students . . .) J.

.� I J5 · � �! 0_,_} � '":-'')lb.I I "' J

•

J

:;.

The students travel to Sinai every week.

In the first example above, which is verb-first, the verb }I....,! (travels) is masculine and third person, but singular, even though the subject '":-'')lb.I I (the students) is plural. The second example is subject-first, and the verb 0_,_} l....,! agrees with the subject in gender, person and number. '

}

\ Wo r k O u t 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Some of the sentences are verb-first, and the others are subject-first. 1.

�I �

2.

�I � ...::.. L+! l.b.Jl

------

...::.. L+! Lb.JI (eat)

_______

(eat)

- I 3. :i ;::L11 u-1! ------- �l:i :;�1 (went) ..

4.

•;15:; II u-1Pl:i..:.� I

5. o.}# �j

_______

_______

6.

o.}# �j JL.il.�l

7.

•L.:...o.J I � �Ll.JI

8.

•L.:...o.J I � �Ll.JI o�l

(went)

JL.il.�1 (asked)

_______

_______

(asked)

oij.OJI (drink)

_______

(drink) Unit 4

Lesson 1 6 : Convers a t i o n s

•

Adjective A gree m e n t w i t h

Adjective Ag ree m e n t w i t h

N o n - H u m a n P l u ra l s

the Dual Form

Adject ive Agree m e n t w i t h H u m a n P l u ra l s

D em o nst ra t i ve s

ANSWER KEY 1. ,:.i5\5; 2. JS\5; 3. ..;....> :,; 4. ..;....> :i; s. 1jt.:.; 6. j\.:.; 7. ��; 8. �� \ D r i ve I t H o m e

Let's do a little more practice with verb forms and word order. Translate each of the following sentences into Arabic. If a verb-first form is possible, give both verb­ first and subject-first word orders. 1.

Layla is short.

2.

Layla eats lunch at noon. -------

-------

3. Mahmoud is very tall.

----

4.

He is a journalist.

5.

Mahmoud works in the city.

6.

The men work in the city.

7.

The women worked at the office yesterday.

8.

The girls ate lunch at 1:00.

------

------

-------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-------

ANSWER KEY 1. ;� J,!J; 2. fa1 � .1.ilJ1 rw, J_;tlli J,!J;fa1 � ,1.ilJ1 rw, J,!J J_;tlli; 3. J.,_,1 ,;y..;.... 1�; 4. � i.;....;, j.O; s. l.i,, ,_>A! l ..} � jy..;.... ; A\ 1 ..} jy..;.... �; 6. l.i,, ,_>Ai l ..} J�jl �; J�)I �,_>Al l � u�; 7. .,..; � 1 .'..�!;;11 _; :�1 �; ..,:.: � 1 '..j!;;11 _; - � :�1; 8. :1il.J1 .;:.,li;JI .;kj 5.i..o-- ljl l �L!JI ._j; ;.i..o-- ljll �L!JI .) ll.ill l .:,i.Sl .;:.,li;JI

fll

I ntermed i a te Ara b i c

The Past Ten se of to be

N e g a t i o n in t h e Past

Ver b - F i rst Sentences

T h e Past Te nse

H ow d i d y o u d o?

By now you should be able to: D

Further talk about past events (Still unsure? Jump back to page 228.)

D

Use verb-first sentences (Still unsure? Jump back to page 2 33.)

\ Wo r d R e c a l l

Let's do a quick review of key vocabulary related to food and eating. Translate each of the following.

2. chicken

3 . tea

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. coffee 5. sugar

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6. restaurant � spoon

8. menu 9. salt

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ �

Unit 4

Lesson 1 6 : Conversat i o n s

•

ANSWER KEY 1. · � ;; \j"- · 1 � >

u

-:_, ilu..;, H.;..;--

�jhll .'.Jjl l j1# 1 �':/j �I ��l �I _;��1 -=.. � 1

afat man fat men

l

afat woman fat women

J

the tall boy the tall boys

1

the tall girl the tall girls

A DJ E CT I V E AG R E E M E N T : N O N - H U M A N S

� ..;.is

� ..:..'>ls' ��l �l¥1 ��l _;l,!l¥1 .. �

.

afat dog fat dogs

-

- t-

the tall building the tall buildings

A DJ E CT I V E AG R E E M E N T : S I N G U LA R , D U A L A N D P L U R A L

L

j

a tall �

_ ____

___

Unit 4: Essentials

J

•

u�_,1 0 1 .J.i_;

jij!:o ��jl

�.,lo �

two tall boys

·-- ·

ulil..!.,1 uliti .. .. .. .. .=.. �_,1 .=.. ti1 ..:.. us. � .

� I� � Lili? oJ:!P ..;.JS D E M O N S T R AT I V E S

L

S I N G U LA R

Iii. - this (masculine) �� - this (feminine)

.!J.!� - that (masculine)

�

-

tall boys

--- -+- -

a tall girl

--r�

two tall girls

I

tall girls

f

a big book two big books big books

PLURAL

��Ji- these (gender neutral) J

�Ji those (gender neutral) -

that (feminine

T H E PAST T E N S E OF TO BE

I was

you (m.) were you (f) were

Q

I ntermediate Ara b i c

- '

& l5 � ..:J l5 Cl'!

he, it, was she, it, was; they were you two were

tls- � p p\ l,ill �\

you (m. pl) were

1_,5 l5 �

they (m.) were

05 !;

we were you (fpl.) were they (f) were

� l5 l.o.k

the two ofthem (m.) were

li\ l5 l.o.k

the two ofthem (f) were

R E G U LA R PAS T T E N S E E N D I N G S

Li...

Unit 4:

Essent i a l s

•

,_,... L

ti

T H E PA ST T E N S E O F TO D O

,! .i•i t.\I ,; ,.

� r

,j;j ..=Jj

you (m.) did

,j;j ..:.Jj

J;j jA

, ! ,j;j

IF!

l.4:i.W l.o.:i..i I Li.W � rJ.W p l J:O

�

} 0;

� l$ 1

1,W rA

•

I did

you (f) did he did

--i

she did, they (non-human) did the two ofyou did we did you (m. pl.) did you (fpl.) did they (m.) did

&iii �

they (f) did

� Li.A

the two of them (m.) did

liW Li.A

the two of them (f) did

I ntermed iate Arabic

Unit 4 Quiz A . Tra n s l a t e t h e n e w voca b u l a ry t h a t you've j u st l e a r n e d .

2.

chicken

3. knife

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. pepper

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

B. De s cr i be e a c h of t h e p l u ra l s below by u s i n g t h e correct form of t h e a dj ective i n p a r e n t h e s e s , a n d t h e n t ra n s late.

l. � j�jl 2.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

�) .;�

---

3. lk�) .;l.;!t.y l

4 . �) ..;,Sli.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

C. U s e t h e a p p ropriate d e m o n strative w i t h e a c h of t h e n o u n s b e l ow a n d tra n s l ate.

1.

(this) r l.A1.JI

2.

(these) .;L.1_,;..kJ I

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3. (those) H=-l.!1.JI

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

D. Com p l ete e a c h sentence w i t h t h e correct form of

1.

�l �

2.

;; 11; 8. �; 9. 4,;li.i; 10. Ui;; II. 4,;_)i; 12. � �/ �; 13. i�4-; 14. � •

•

I ntermediate A r a b i c

.

.

�

D i rect O bject Pro n o u n s - - - - - - - - -

@

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

i

Cou rtesy Expressions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

S i n g u l a r C o m m a n d Forms

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - -

M a k i n g Requests

G ra m m a r B u i l d e r 1

Track: Lesson 17 G r a m m a r B u i l d e r 1 (Tra c k 1 4 ) C D : 6

O M I S S I O N O F S U BJ E C T P R O N O U N S

By now you've learned both the present and past tenses of Arabic verbs, so you know that there are specific endings for each person that make it clear who or what is doing the action. Arabic often drops subject pronouns, but between the verb endings (and context), it's clear who the subject is.

. J� liA � � .()L �� � �

- l -

g

We're staying at this hot l.

She lives in an apartment building.

. 4.J�jJ I ,!,i'i
... .,J I u· L:U.S:... -- �-?'°�I

9

i

Cou rtesy E x p ress i o n s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

S i n g u l a r C o m m a n d Forms

1µ 1 �_µ � :i'1f11

7. ..:.ik.o.J I

�

· -

--

-

--

-------

ANSWER KEY

1.� � l.;!l1 �; 2.l..f� �1 � �; 3. ._;.,� ;; 4. �;; s. ;� �; 6. -rj11 1 �j � �; .;.,iliJI � �; 8. ;'.i:!t.:.i �; 9. ;jt,?JI � �; IO. .)�l>....1 1 \.4A

7.

\ D r i ve I t H o m e Let's take this opportunity to review Arabic verbs. Translate each of the following sentences, without using any subject pronouns. We'll start with the present tense. 1.

I'm going to the market.

2.

You (m) are going to the mosque.

3.

You (f) are going to the school.

4.

The two ofyou are going to the village.

5.

He is going to the park. -------

6.

She is going to the city.

7.

We are going to the museum.

8.

You (m. pl.) are going to the restaurant.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-------

------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-------

-------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Unit 5

Lesson 1 7 : Wo rds

•

r

P o s s e s s i v e N o u n P h rases

O m i s s i o n of S u bject P r o n o u n s

1

�----+--�----t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N o u n s a n d Pro n o u n s i n be Sentences

9.

M o re o n Possessive N o u n P h rases

You Cf.) are going to the bakery. ------

10.

They (m.) are going to the theater.

11.

They Cf.) are going to the butcher shop.

12.

The two ofthem (m.) are going to the hospital.

13.

The two ofthem (f.) are going to the church.

------

------

-------

-------

ANSWER KEY I. J,!JI Jl .,.... :i i; 2. �I Jl .;,..>:0; 3. l..;.)..11 Jl �:0; 4. � I Jl yt+":0; 5. ;fai l Jl .;,..>;,,;; 6. �,,._ii Jl .;,..> :0; 7. � I Jl .;,..> :.J; 8. �I Jl &Ji..it:0; 9. � I .s1! �15; 10. �I Jl &Ji.it;,,;; 11. )�I Jl �;,,;; 12. � I Jl 01+";,,;; 13. � I Jl 01+":0 .

Now let's try the same thing in the past tense. 1. I went to the market.

G

-------

2.

You (m.) went to the mosque.

3.

You (f.) went to the school. ------

4.

The two ofyou went to the village.

5.

He went to the park. -------

6.

She went to the city.

7.

We went to the museum.

8.

You (m. pl.) went to the restaurant.

9.

You Cf. pl.) went to the bakery.

------

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-------

I ntermediate A ra b i c

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

�

D i rect O biect Pro n o u n s - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

t

S i n g u l a r C o m m a n d Forms

10.

They (m.) went to the theater.

11.

They (f.) went to the butcher shop.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

�

- - - - - - - - - -

Mak i ng R e q u ests

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-------

12. The two ofthem (m.) went to the hospital. 13.

i

Cou rtesy E x p re s s i o n s - - - - - - - · - - - - - - -

They two of them (f.) went to the church.

-------

------

ANSWER KEY I. ._;_,!J I J! �o; 2 � I J! .=..;.;.:,; 3. j ; 6. ;.;.,, :141 1 J[ �5; 7. �I J! $5; 8. � I J! p;..>5 ; 9 �1 J[ �o; l0. � I J! IY.i5; 11. )?.JI J! .:,;;. j ; 12. � I J! �o; 13. l J![ in Arabic. You've seen several of these so far:

r_µ.i 1 tl) (.)"'_,14J 1 tl) ...,_,;; 1.41 1 .:.,�� � 1 .:.,1.:ili.,

bedroom living room office buildings apartment buildings

Unit 5

Lesson 1 8: P h rases

•

O m i ss i o n of S u bject P ro n o u n s

Possess i ve N o u n P h rases

1

------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N o u n s a n d P ro n o u n s i n be Sentences

One important thing to keep in mind about the

M o re o n Possessive Noun P h rases

til.1[ is that you never use JI

in front of the first noun, or the possessor, even though it's still grammatically definite. Take a look at some more examples:

�} 1 .) 1 .l oiY". - · �1 � . .i.Jy 1 ri

the woman's dog (the dog of the woman)

�l y�

the door ofthe office

the man's house (the house of the man) the boy's mother (the mother of the boy)

Notice that the second noun in each of the examples above is definite, appearing with the definite article J I. But proper names or nouns with possessive suffixes are also definite, so they can be possessors in the til.1[ without any extra help

from JI.

Ahmed's friend (the friend ofAhmed) my sister's friend (the friend of my sister) Remember that if the first noun is feminine and ends in -o, then the "hidden t" is pronounced. Notice the pronunciation of d.;i�

(building) in the following examples, as well as that ofOj � (car) and � � (friend,[)

...,_u � l d.;i� � 1 6.:ili..

•

I ntermediate A ra b i c

office building apartment building

--------+---------------�D i rect O bJect Pro n o u n s

1 -------------+-

C o u rtesy Express i o n s - - - - - - · -

-

- - - -

Singular Command Forms

i4-JJ gj� � ��

-

--

- -

-

-

-

- -

-

-

M a k i n g Requests

my wife's car Layla's friend ([.)

If that second noun is a masculine sound plural, the ending will be cJ:! instead of U)• because the possessor is in the genitive case. Similarly, a short kasra will be

used before possessive suffixes beginning with consonants that are attached to that possessor, as in the third example below.

The Egyptians' house is not far.

il

The directors' computers are new. The door ofher house is big.

Most of the examples we've seen so far have both definite possessors and definite possessions, the house of the Egyptians, the door of the office, and so on. It's also possible for both nouns to be indefinite, in which case neither noun in the ;;j Lb! takes the definite article J I. Examples like the two below are less common, though.

! ·­ i !.J- "'-'-:!-1 �

a house ofa man/a man's house a street ofa village

Unit 5

Lesson 1 8 : P h rases

•

O m 1 ss 1 o n of S u bject Pr onouns

Possessive N o u n P h rases

,

�----+--��+----�___,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N o u n s a n d Pro n o u n s 1n be Sentences M o re o n Poss e s s i ve Noun P h rases

\ Wo r k O u t 1 Translate each of the following into Arabic. 1.

the girl's friend (f.)

2.

the girls' friend (m.)

3.

the window of the office

4. the son� car

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5.

the woman's husband

6.

the room of the apartment

Z

the door ofthe house

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ANSWER KEY

I. �I �.WI �.i....1 1 _;�L> bt+JI �.i....1 1 �tp.j �Jl+JI �.i....1 1 �tp.i �1 �1 �W �1 �1 �W

G

I ntermedi ate A ra b i c

the old buses of the city the buses of the old city the quiet neighborhoods of the city the neighborhoods of the quiet city the beautifu l statues of the museum the statues of the beautiful museum

--------+ --------------t-------"-------� D i rect

Object

C o u rtesy Expressions

Pro n o u n s

-

S i n g u l a r C o m m a n d Forms

.>.>..GJ I u1J1 �L:i .. �

.

.

1 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - -

M a k i n g R e q u e sts

the new door ofthe apartment

.

��t;l l �L.:JI .Y-� j� � �t;J I �L.:JI .Y-� j�

the door of the new apartment the (f) Japanese tourist's camera the (f) tourist's Japanese camera

\ P h ra s e P ra c t i c e 2 Fill in the missing adjectives in each of the phrases below. If you're unsure, listen to your audio again. The translations are given to help you. 1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

------- 4..i:� I ..::.� .. l> (the old buses of the city) -------

------

______

______

6.

______

7.

______

8. 9. 10.

4..i:� I ..::.� .. l> (the buses of the old city) 4..i:� I t.;"i>\ (the quiet neighborhoods of the city)
j (the neighborhoods of the quiet city)
..iol l ji) .:,.;J; 3. . :1); 4. -� .:,.;J; 5. . ofal )J); 6. . �\ .s) ; 7. ·r-'1) ; 8 . . � � \lA jj_;j; 9. . .;t!1J � \lA ,jiy; 10. . �\.;�I c)! �!; I L .)1� 1 .,S�; 12 . . � � .,s�i

Lesson 20 : Conversations

By the end o f this lesson, you should b e able to: D

use some courtesy expressions

D

make polite requests Unit 5

Lesson 20: Conversat i o n s

•

Possessive N o u n P h rases

O m i s s i o n of S u bj ect P r o n o u n s

Nouns a n d P ro n o u n s 1 n be Sentences

M o re o n Posses s i ve N o u n P h rase

CD C o n v e r s a t i o n 1 @ Track: Lesson 20 Conversat i o n B u i l d e r 1 (Tracks 25-26) C D : 6 Abdallah's flight has just arrived in Cairo, and he's trying to get from the airport to his hotel. Let's listen in as he asks for directions at the information desk.

1 jl;!jj Jill � j l_;il

� �I :U.. .i.o..1 1 . !ill.J I J t11.1- 1 ;;J,.;.., 6..o- ..:.U • �.t . -- .,r. (j ·

1 � � � _;j �; Jill.J I

) UI � • .

:� I

--

JiJ :dJJ I �

: 1.J...� � · . '. i !ill.J I :�I , J· t11.1 1 tl,..;..,. ii lliL> .!J� : dj- , .J..uU �I , � � -_;3 (j"'-:!' (j JI �� JA . �t;p....1 1 jill :4 ,

.

: c !'

,

.

.

Unit 5

.

Lesson 2 0 : Conversati o n s

,.

Possessive N o u n P h rases

O m i s s i o n of S u bject Pronou n s

M o re o n Possessive N o u n P h ras

Nouns a n d P ro n o u n s in be Sentences

. � 11'. · � : ���

. � .!Jj� , 1� :4'

. o� lli.� j � .:.Jj � : J J t; Keith: Excuse me, is the art museum o n this street? Adel: No, this isn't the right street. The museum is on Anda/us Street. Keith: I'm lost then. Where is Anda/us Street? Adel: Go to the square and turn right. Then walk two blocks to the mosque. Turn left at the mosque, and that's the street. The art museum is next to the mosque. Keith: Thank you very much. Adel: No problem. Keith: Can I ask you another question? Adel: Of course. Keith: Where can I buy a map of the city? Adel: Hmmm . . . Well, there's a bookstore on the square, at the intersection ofthis street. There's a tourism office near the Hyatt Hotel. It's possible to find a map there. Keith: The Hyatt Hotel . . . that's next to the park? Adel: Yes, that's right. Keith: Thank you. Have a good day. Adel: Have a good day, and enjoy your trip.

\ C o n v e r s a t i o n P ra c t i c e 2 Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the missing words.

If you're

unsure of the answer, listen to the conversation on your audio one more time. 1. l.' 2.

·

3. .

G

_______

-------

JJ.:0�1 f;; L.;,

11'. � 0.,lli 1 � 11'. '�

------

I ntermediate Ara b i c

_______

�I

Ji �

D i rect O bj ect Pron o u n s

Cou rtesy E x p ress i o n s

------

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

S i n g u l a r C o m m a n d Forms

+-

- - - -

-----

Making Requ ests

· ------- �! JFl ------- -..1! .;,AS! 6. .,il.4.ll 1 J F! ·------- �! J F! � 1 p � 5.

_______

Q L!...1 1

·

7. 8.

. -

_;..;,

�I � � ------- �

�?--

----

9. � � ------ ):l �

10. �T �lj..!.

______

11.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

12.

���lh\i;->

13. 1:a

z,j � �

_______

_______

_g�I Jill � �;

z,j

� ,;;..;.t..:J 1 �

_______

_______

_______

.!.Jill t,.iL!...1 1

�j

.!.ltil . . . ,.......,.

: j : < !� 14. .!JU:, ------- � : (.) � 15. �

------- �� _;..;, . . . g�1 Jill

16. _______ 1:a -� 1 7. 18.

_______

_______

.!.!) � � ll>-d j � ..:!) �

Unit 5

Lesson 20: Conversat i o n s

•

O m i s s i o n of S u bject P ro n o u n s

Possessive N o u n P h rases

Nouns a n d Pro n o u n s i n be Sentences

M o re o n Posses s i ve N o u n Phrase

ANSWER KEY !. �. t;t.:.ll ; 2. � I; 3. .j; 4. ��; 5. l.>l.!JI, �I; 6. �I, .!J!�j; 7. l,_,lli l ; 8. 1� ; 9. �; 10. � .!J.iLi; 11. lAfb; 12. �. �,P.i; 13. ; 7. �l �� .:,fai1 jo..io. ;- 8. Z,i"� �j

�i.:.,, ,,...u l.1.....f- l IY-_ .!

! �

I I

+

the man's house the woman's dog the boy's mother the door of the office Ahmed's friend my sister's friend

I N D E F I N ITE POSSESSIVE N O U N PH RASES

�j �

�_)i t; LZ

a man's house a street ofa village

M O D I FY I N G P O S S E S S I V E N O U N P H R A S E S

the big man's house the man's big house

Unit 5:

Essent i a l s

•

the new professor's book the professor's new book the little woman's daughter the woman's little daughter

' '•i?l1 1 j4.jl �_;.)

the friendly man's wife

•ii?ill j4.jJ I �j.)

the man's friendly wife

D I R ECT OBJECT PRONOUNS

tjj (I)

,;- T "i1_;.!. .!.lft.:, j , ) � j.>; 3. 1.:,�! 4.i �-- tijj .:,l � JA; 4. 1 '-"'liJ? -,..iLl .:,l �; s. 11..U> J_,hl.! 1 1y5t,, .:, i �

A. I. B. I.

H ow D i d Yo u D o? Give yourself a point for every correct answer, then use the following key to tell whether you're ready to move on: 0-7

points:

It's probably a good idea to go back through the lesson again. You

may be moving too quickly, or there may be too much "down time" between your

contact with Arabic. Remember that it's better to spend 30 minutes with Arabic three or four times a week than it is to spend two or three hours just once a week. Find a pace that's comfortable for you, and spread your contact hours out as much as you can. 8-12

points: You

would benefit from a review before moving on. Go back and

spend a little more time on the specific points that gave you trouble. Re-read the

Grammar Builder sections that were difficult, and do the Work Out one more time. Don't forget about the online supplemental practice material, either. Go to www.livinglanguage.com/languagelab for games and quizzes that will reinforce

the material from this unit. 13-17

points:

Good job! There are just a few points that you could consider

reviewing before moving on. If you haven't worked with the games and quizzes on www.livinglanguage.com/languagelab, please give them a try. 18-20

points:

Great! You're ready to move on to Advanced Arabic!

[[] poi nts

The Arabic Alphabet I S O LAT E D

I N ITIAL

MEDIAL

FINAL

FORM

FORM

FORM

FORM

....,.,

-!

..!.>

J

..:;,

:;

.

�

[

..>

r

t

...>

,)

�

f

,)

:,

-�

j

(.)"

,_;,

:,

J j

+

-

_,,

"

�

tj

.

_,

l_

� J,

j;

-+--

t

+----

O�

___, aa

-!.:;_

...,..._

-+--

..::...

. ......

..!......

-'!'--

�

..>...

�

-+- ...>....

[

-T R A N S C R I PT I

.)..

..!...

....... - -.A. ..b..

J;,_ J___

I

T

t-

-ft-L-

r

.)..

r

---r

b

th

H kh d

dh

..r

r

U"'-

1

-t--

.J...

:.r

-1

z

s

,_;,..

sh

(..)"'-

s

,J;...

DH

'-""---..b..

The Arabic Al phabet

•

t

t J J

......

J.

......

.i.

i: ....i.

j

.i.

&

j

c

x

gh

f q

.!.l

s

.$..

.!L

J

J

J_

J-

r

...

.......

m

0

_;

_;_

r-

0-

n

.!>

+

J (we) � j (you, pl, m. or mixed) i:,:;..; 1 (you,pl,f) � (they, m. or mixed) � (they,f) � (those two, the two of them) ;; J o i

+-

When attached to nouns, personal suffixes are translated as possessives (my friend). When attached to verbs or prepositions, they are translated as object pronouns (see him, with him).

��

.!li.i.i..0

�.i..Q ��

�� �� ��

G

Advanced A ra b i c

my friend your (m.) friend your (f) friend his friend her friend the friend of the two ofyou our friend your (m. pl/mix.) friend your (f pl.) friend their (m./mixed) friend

�

J. !.

�

��

their (f) friend

1,;a2 �

3.

aJ W. ! ( P O S S E S S I V E

the friend of the two of them

NOUN PH RASES)

The construction " X ofY" o r "Y's X " i s translated i n Arabic a s a n oW>J , also

known as a possessive noun phrase or a construct. There are both indefinite and definite oW>J. Indefinite oW>J are formed by stringing two nouns together, first the thing possessed, and then the possessor.

.;4j �

� ':-' llS

a man's house, a house ofa man a girl's book, a book ofa girl

Definite oW>J are formed with the definite article preceding only the second noun, or the possessor. The definite article never appears before the first noun, even though it is interpreted as definite .

..Jjl l I"'"'! J4) i �

the boy's name, the name of the boy the man's house, the house of the man

Adjectives describing either member of the oW>! must follow the entire construction. This may lead to ambiguity unless there is a gender or number mismatch between the possessor and the thing possessed.

Gram m ar S u m m a ry

,,

the man's big house or the old/big man's house

o�i J4.Ji).i �i J4.Ji).i

the man's big house the big/old man's house

4. ADJECTIVES A . P O S I T I O N A N D AG R E E M E N T

Adjectives come after the noun they modify, and they agree in number, gender, and definiteness with that noun. Feminine singular adjectives add the ending o. And adjectives agreeing with definite nouns take the definite article in exactly the same manner as do nouns .

...A# � � � l �� I ;;�-'+'j il,i� ;; ��?lll il,i � I

a nice male friend

r

the nice male friend a nice female friend the nice female friend

In the plural, adjectives that have broken plural forms take the broken plural to modify human plurals. Feminine human plurals take the sound plural ending ..::.. L

If an adjective does not have a broken plural form, for example many adjectives

denoting nationalities, or adjectives that are longer than typical three-consonant

Cll

Advanced A ra b i c

Arabic roots, the sound plural ending uj is used for masculines. Non human plurals are modified by adjectives that take the feminine singular ending.

JIY.=> J �.,i .::, �_,b · � uy.� J �_,, 04 �

tall men ta/I women Egyptian men good books

B. I R R E G U L A R A D J E C T I V E S

Many common adjectives denoting colors have irregular feminine forms. In the following list, the masculine is given first, followed by the feminine.

· �/u4l •l.i_;..;.;. .i_;.:,i

.1_rll;_,.1.l j • l3j)/ Ji, i ·l�;p.i

. 1)_.,;;_:,I

white (m./f) black (m/f) green (m/f) blue (m/f) red (m/f) yellow (m/f)

C. D E G R E E S O F A D J E C T I V E S

The comparative and superlative share one form in Arabic, regularly 'aCCaC, which remains the same regardless of the gender, definiteness, or number of the noun it modifies. The comparative lacks definite agreement. G ra m m a r S u m m a ry

llJI)

y..4

big

�

small

�

beautiful

.l:! �

new

f U>

important

�;

r

1

smart, clever

bigger smaller more beautiful newer

�i

more important

_,i i __.sSl lS

strong

:,f�

;..Si _;.::, i J4i �i

J

stronger smarter, cleverer

Longer adjectives use the comparative of fo (a lot).

Jy..1.o

busy twisted, tangled

}Si Jy..1.o }Si � �

more/most busy more/most twisted, tangled

The superlative adds the definite article JI.

J_.bj�1 ij->�1 *�I

G

Advanced Arabic

the best the worst the most clever, the most skillful

5.

D E M O N ST R AT I V E S

The forms o f the demonstratives i n Arabic are:

lli>

this (m.) -

-··

li>

this (f)

. �_;.;.

these (pl.)

.ill �

that (m.)

o

r-

-- -

�

.!.lb

that (f) J

.!J:j _ ji

those (pl.)

-� 1

�ji and .!.J;ij i are used for both masculine and feminine people. Nonhuman plurals use the feminine singular forms o ;iA or .!.Ji;. Demonstratives J

The plural forms


. JIJ!> J4-j l ·�Y,

This book is big. These men are tall.

Or they can be translated as a pronoun (this is a book) when used with an indefinite noun.

.JIJ!> J4-_,> .�_;.;.

.

��_,b ·� ·�.Y>

[

These are tall men . These are tall women.

G ra m m a r S u m m a ry

II

6.

N U M BERS

A. CAR DINAL N U M BERS

zero one two three four jive six seven eight

o� � .:i.> l � L.ij[ � 43'.>\3 � �j l � W1. �� �� � �w

G

Advanced A ra b i c

i

nine ten eleven twelve thirteen

r t

fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen

��

nineteen

OJ� uy')\j uJ"'!ji

twenty

u�

fifty

u�

sixty

u� uyW

seventy

u�

ninety

ll.

one hundred

thirty forty

eighty

...JI oy.Lo

one thousand one million

B. ORDINAL N U M BERS

.)J i < Jji

rt-

�\j , � \j (ii \j ' 6..1 \j �IJ ' � IJ

T t-

first (m.,f) second (m., f) third (m.,f) fourth (m.,f)

�!> , �\>

fifth (m.,f)

L � L... ' L>"'� L...

sixth (m.,f)

� L... , � L...

seventh (m.,f)

G ra m m a r S u m m a ry

•

;;_;,,.- lj '

4.-. b '

•

�

lj

�b

+--

eighth (m., f) ninth (m., f)

---�-----I--- -- ---

or,. �/.r.- �

0� �.Ji> ' � �.Ji>

--

tenth (m.,f)

------+----

-

--

e/eventh (m., f) twelfth (m., f)

7.

I N T E R R O G AT I V E S

-

what? (before a noun)

l�Lo

what? (before a verb)

�l �i �

� --

Cl

Lo

from where?

&.>

who?

�

when?

l�Lo.J

why?

�

how?

y1u.- rs

Advanced A ra b i c

where?

how much, how many?

I

I I

8.

PREPOSITIONS

A. C O M M O N PREPOSITI O N S

�

�

ili c;o � J!

: ...:. ...., � . --; ,

;

,

;..;;

....U L.;.., ; ...

----

. �

• ljj

L

t t �

t

t

I I

from in used to express have/at with on to, toward near, close to under next to behind

B. E X P R E S S I N G HAVE

Here are all of the personal suffixes attached to the preposition �' a construction which translates as have.

I:? � .!Jili ..!.lili

I have you (m.) have

r

you (j) have he, it has

G ra m m a r S u m m a ry

fl)

IA .ili 1.45.ili

you two have

t,j_ili

we have

rs-�

you (m/mixed) have

she, it has

0S�

you ([.) have

I""' �

they (m/mixed) have

J �:

��

they ([.) have

W,,ili

the two of them have

Possession is also expressed with the preposition

. •lj-0.> ojl� � .

9.

0 � � 4;,J ��

j

r

�. Mustafa has a red car. Myriam has a new toy.

R E G U LA R V E R B S

A. T H E PRESENT TENSE

There are two main tenses in Arabic, the past and the present. The present tense is conjugated with both prefixes and endings, and a vowel between the second and third root consonant that must be memorized for each verb. Dictionaries will indicate this present tense vowel. There is no infinitive form in Arabic, so the third person singular of the past tense is usually used as the basic form of the verb in dictionaries, as it is the simplest form.

•

Advanced Ara b i c

PREFIX

PRONOUN

SUFFIX

t;j (I)

-=.Ji (you, m.)

�\ (you,f) jA (he) � (she) l.J.; i (the two ofyou, m. orf) � (we) r£i (you, pl.) ,. , . ; UJ.j l (you,f, pl.) rA (they, m.) . -+ 6J. (they,f) � (two of them, m.) � (two ofthem,f) _L L_

&., 6 &J &

I l -

01 01

...:; J •

Here is the entire present tense conjugation of � (do/does):

r-

lL__

JJi ui

jili -=.J j

� ..::.J . j . J •

J

� jA

'

_t

! do you (m.) do you (f) do he does G ra m m a r S u m m a ry

•

she does you two do u')lili Lill I we do JJ.1 �- ;------ - - -- --- -----you (m.pl.) do z,_,Iili pl ---you (fpl.) do Jill l$ 1 ------ -, . , they (m.) do 6� �---- ---+-------� ---they (f) do � (). the two ofthem (m.) do u� l.AA the two-of them (f) do _J -�--

JJ.1 �

--�

------

----· --

--·-

· - -

B . T H E PAS T T E N S E

The past tense i s conjugated with a short -a- between the root consonants (and rarely an i ) and a set of endings that change depending on the person. There is - -

no prefix in the past tense.

PREFIX

N UN O 00

Li l (I)

P

.:.Ji (you, m.) ..:;J I (you,f) jA (he) r � (she) __l _

G

Adva n ced Ara b i c

SUFFIX

, .::..

.::.. ------

.::..

.::....

j

W;j (the two ofyou, m.

L_

orf) � (we) F \ (you,pl.) :; , .; .:,:U I (you,f, pl.) (they, m.) 1 rA� (they,f) --- -i L..i, (two ofthem, m.) W. (two ofthem,f) '----- �

- w..

"'

- .Y

l

I_,l-

1.r

Here is the entire past tense conjugation of Jtl;! (do/does):

� t

t

.Uii i.;j

':,jii ..:.Jj

dii d l Jii �

! .iii �

_ . _ __

t;.W �

pw pl 6lW l$ l

did you (m.) did you (f) did he did she did the two ofyou did we did you (m. pl.) did you (f pl.) did they (m.) did I

T

G ra m m a r S u m ma ry

•

I

JAi �

t-

I l

)W i.o.A liW Lo.A

they (f) did the two of them (m.) did the two ofthem (f) did

C . S U M M A RY O F N E G AT I V E S BE

TENSE

Past Present Future

OTH E R V E R B S

� + Jussive

f'1 + Jussive of u�

�

'J + Present Tense

J + Subjunctive of u�

J + Subjunctive (without l.J"'

or ...._;. .; ).;..

1 0 . S U M M A RY O F TO BE

A. A F F I R M AT I V E PA S T :

.:, IS

was you (m.) were you (f) were he, it, was she, it, was; they were you two were we were I

>- ---

---

Ga

& L5 jA �LS �

Advanced A ra b i c

f

j 1

ps p l

you (m. pl.) were

1_,5 L5 �

they (m.) were

� 015 \

you (fpl.) were

b5 �

L.\ L5 l.oA

they (f) were the two of them (m.) were

�LS l.oA

B. A F F I R M AT I V E F U T U R E : _, O R

0>5L wi 0_,si... � i LJ.:.i� � i 0_,si... r/' 0� .Y" 0 \j_,si... w.; i 0_,si... � 0_,.;_,si... � i � u:;..; i 0y� � t4 LJ11>

0 w� w. 0 w_,si... w.

the two ofthem (f) were

J_,..,

WITH

u� I will be

you (m.) will be you (f) will be he will be she will be the two ofyou will be we will be you (m. pl.) will be you (fpl.) will be they (m.) will be they (f) will be the two of them (m.) will be the two ofthem (f) will be

G ra m m a r S u m m a ry

0

c . N E G AT I V E P R E S E N T :

�

� [.\ j o.:J � j

.;..;;i l am not

+-

you (m.) are not

..::,,._:.) .::.J t

you (f) are not

��

h e is not

, ! , -.�j � > ; , .. �

w..:.J

she is not

l..o:u l

the two ofyou are not

li:J �

we are not

p pl � �j '' -IH- �

you (m. pl.) are not you (fpl.) are not they (m.) are not

r

z.,:j 0A � LoA

� LoA

D. N E G AT I V E PA S T :

0'1 r-f Lil

� r-1 .::.J I �� r-f �l � r-1 .Y' � r-1 �

--

•

Advanced A ra b i c

rJ

they (f) are not the two of them (m.) are not the two of them (f) are not

PLUS THE JUSSIVE

I

OF ,:.,,,s.;i I was not

you (m.) were not you (f) were not he was not she was not

Li� rJ w..; j � r-l � ly� rJ iW i � r-l u;u i I . •lS'b '.>IS

I � &y.A� H tl �:�:·:

CO M M A N D S W I T H

You go.

6.).).0

I

1 2 . T H E I M P E R AT I V E

�o ,,

IJr

,

,

T ----+-

!

w. w.

ft

J. • I.

iW '

, ' _f'""_ '' :; .

O:U I ,

t

l

6"'

..::.U i .

&:!J.Su--t , ,

_____,__

�

_J

..=.,_;j

JS-t:;

..., �

u

t

\y.i> j ! &� ly 0�

Pay attention!

l Grammar S u m m a ry

"

1 3 . T H E S U B J U N CT I V E

PRESENT

l

S U BJ U N C T I V E

�i

�

� J,..... >------

_ -_Lr � �

wi

t

--+

u ')l,.,ij

l_,J..U:i

0_,.i..u;

1 _-� 0� rf--------' ._ -

� - :-

� I� � . 0W-:! �-

u

u')l,.,i; ___L_ �----+-

1

-

.

·� �-

')l,.,ij

----

-

---

�:ii � :0 �:0

•

Advanced Arabic

J U S S I V E/ N E G AT I V E PAST

.;..A :i i � .;..A :0 � �:0 �

I

- I -

·- 1

Lo.A -- -_ Lo.A

1 4 . T H E J U S S I V E ( N E G AT I V E PAS T )

PRESENT TENSE

l

--

wi �j

�i

u• Li.A.:0 .

u4A�

rr 1

u• Li.A.:0 .

6y.A� �:i.:;

1 S . T H E S U B J U N CT I V E , J U S S I V E , A N D I M P E R AT I V E O F I R R E G U LA R V E R B S

A . H O L LOW V E R B S : S U B J U N C T I V E , J U S S I V E , A N D I M P E R AT I V E -·--

I M P E R AT I V E

-

·--· -- -----�-----�

JUSSIVE

SUBJUNCTIVE

.

tt - --

t:jj.---+----� -----