Lexicon Grammaticorum: A bio-bibliographical companion to the history of linguistics [2nd edition, revised and enlarged] 9783484971127, 9783484730687

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LEXICON GRAMMATICORUM

LEXICON GRAMMATICORUM A Bio-Bibliographical Companion to the History of Linguistics Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged General Editor: Harro Stammerjohann Co-Editors: Sylvain Auroux, Dieter Cherubim, Bernard Colombat, Laurent¸ia Dasca˘lu Jinga, Tullio De Mauro, Donatella Di Cesare, Steven N. Dworkin, Viktoria Eschbach-Szabo, John N. Green, Anne Grondeux, Robert Hammel, Eric. P. Hamp, Christoph Harbsmeier, Caroline C. Henriksen, Werner H5llen †, Mikl6s Kontra, Andrzej M. Lewicki, Bruno Lewin, Jolanta Mindak, Jan Noordegraaf, Georges-Jean Pinault, Ir8ne Rosier, Algirdas Sabaliauskas, Paul Salmon †, Ram6n Sarmiento, Werner Sasse, Sorin Stati †, Kees Versteegh English-Language Editors: Lois Grossman and Mark DeVoto

n Max Niemeyer Verlag T5bingen 2009

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet ber http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-484-73068-7 * Max Niemeyer Verlag, T bingen 2009 Ein Imprint der Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG http://www.niemeyer.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich gesch tzt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzul=ssig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere f r Vervielf=ltigungen, >bersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Printed in Germany. Gedruckt auf alterungsbest=ndigem Papier. Satz: epline, Kirchheim unter Teck Druck und Einband: Hubert & Co., Gçttingen

Inhaltsübersicht

A

1

Q

1229

B

90

R

1235

C

242

S

1305

D

346

T

1466

E

412

U

1533

F

446

V

1545

G

502

W

1602

H

594

X

1662

I

602

Y

1664

J

734

Z

1673

K

776

L

857

M

948

N

1070

O

1093

P

1109

Preface to the Second Edition The aim and general format of the LEXICON GRAMMATICORUM (LG) are the same as laid out in the preface to the first edition of 1996 (below). I am grateful to the publisher for granting me the opportunity to correct errors—sometimes embarrassing ones—and for agreeing to expand the number of entries to over 2,000. Now as then, living scholars, whose work and influence are still developing, are excluded. Users of the first edition who found the abundant abbreviations confusing will notice that these are now limited to the bibliographies. The co-editors, including those from the first edition, are here listed with their areas: – Sylvain Auroux and Bernard Colombat, Paris, France (French-speaking countries) – Dieter Cherubim, Gçttingen, Germany (German-speaking countries) – Tullio De Mauro and Donatella Di Cesare, both Rome, Italy (Antiquity and Italy) – Eric P. Hamp, Chicago, IL, USA, and Steven N. Dworkin, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (North America) – Christoph Harbsmeier, Oslo, Norway (China) – Caroline C. Henriksen, Roskilde, Denmark (Scandinavia) – MiklKs Kontra, Budapest, Hungary (Hungary) – Andrzej M. Lewicki, Lublin, Poland, and Robert Hammel, Berlin, Germany (Slavic countries) – Bruno Lewin, Bochum, Germany, and Viktoria Eschbach-Szabo, T bingen, Germany (Japan) – Jolanta Mindak, Warsaw, Poland, and Robert Hammel, Berlin, Germany (South Slavic countries) – Jan Noordegraaf, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Dutch-speaking countries) – Georges-Jean Pinault, Paris, France (India) – IrMne Rosier and Anne Grondeux, Paris, France (Middle Ages) – Algirdas Sabaliauskas, Vilnius, Lithuania (Baltic countries) – Paul Salmon †, Oxford, Great Britain, John N. Green, Bradford, Great Britain, and Werner H llen †, Duisburg-Essen, Germany (Britain and Ireland) – RamKn Sarmiento, Madrid, Spain, and John N. Green, Bradford, Great Britain (Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries) – Werner Sasse, Hamburg, Germany (Korea) – Sorin Stati †, Bologna, Italy, and Laurent¸ia Dasca˘lu Jinga, Bucharest, Rumania (Rumania) – Kees Versteegh, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (Arabic-speaking world). Some lacunae were again filled ad hoc by additional specialists, and there are now entries on modern Greek, Israeli, Maltese, Tibetan and Turkish scholars. As I pointed out in the preface to the first edition, “[a] work like this can never be final, nor will it ever seem sufficiently balanced to all readers”—nor to all contributors, for that matter. This remains as true for 2,000 entries as it was for 1,500, and as it would be for any number. In fact, while some critics, as well as some contributors, urged the inclusion of all major figures, whatever that might mean, others felt that those who can be easily found in general reference works might as well be omitted in favor of devoting more space to less universally known figures about whom it is difficult to find information elsewhere. But would not one who is looking for information on a linguist, major or otherwise, rightly expect to find him or her in a bio-bibliographical reference work on the history of linguistics? And since most major figures were already in the first edition, the expansion to over 2,000 entries has permitted the inclusion of a greater number of lesser-known figures selected at the coeditorsV discretion. For some lacunae, even major ones, the best explanation I can offer is that no authors could be found who were willing to contribute. Obtaining the updates of the first-edition entries from their original authors also turned out to be difficult and at times impossible. Some had died; others could not be traced or did not reply; still others did not want to collaborate again. In those cases the co-editors either found other revisors to update the entries or did so themselves to the best of their ability. In the second edition, all entries not written or co-edited by a native speaker of English were read by Lois Grossman and Mark DeVoto (both of Boston), who pointed out and corrected not only problems with language but also factual errors, such as false dates, wrong translations, or mistaken transliterations. I thank both of them for their unflagging dedication. On behalf of the co-editors and myself, I also want to thank Nicole Arnold, Barbara Bayer, Patrick Boylan, Steven N. Dworkin, Gideon Freudenthal, Michael Job, Joseph Kronick, Karl Ludwig M ller, Dona Munker, David Pengelley, Anna Priddy, Heike Renner-Westermann, Angelika Schmidt, and Pieter Seuren, who all in one way or another, some without any formal obligation, helped to complete this project. Working with Max Niemeyer Verlag, this time in the person of Cornelia Saier, has again been most pleasant.

VI

Preface to the Second Revised and Enlarged Edition

Several linguists who would have deserved an entry died when the project was too advanced to commission entries about them. The following have been brought to my attention: Ivn Fnagy (b. April 8, 1920, Budapest, Hungary, d. April 11, 2005, Antony, France; phonetician and psychoanalyst, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris); Sergej A. Starostin (b. March 23, 1953, Moscow, then USSR, d. September 30, 2005, Moscow, Russia; comparatist, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow); Jzsef Herman (b. August 18, 1924, Budapest, Hungary, d. October 9, 2005, Budapest, Hungary; Romanist and general linguist, University of Venice, Italy, and Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest); Henry A. Gleason (b. April 18, 1917, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, d. January 13, 2007, El Paso, TX, USA; general linguist, University of Toronto, Canada); Winfried P. Lehmann (b. June 23, 1916, Surprise, NE, USA, d. August 1, 2007, Austin, TX, USA; Indo-Europeanist and historical linguist, University of Texas at Austin); Paul M. Lloyd (b. September 15, 1929, Rochester, NY, USA, d. December 6, 2007, Riddle Village, PA, USA; Romanist, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA); Alan S. Kaye (b. March 2, 1944, Los Angeles, CA, USA, d. May 31, 2007, Fullerton, CA; Semiticist, California State University at Fullerton); Edoardo Vineis (b. March 24, 1944, Pisa, Italy, d. August 16, 2007, Bologna, Italy; Latinist and Italianist, University of Bologna); Tat&jana J. Elizarenkova (b. September 17, 1929, Leningrad, then USSR, d. September 5, 2007, Moscow, Russia; Indologist, Institute of Oriental studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow); Eugen A. Helimski (b. March 15, 1950, Odessa, then USSR, d. December 25, 2007, Hamburg, Germany; Finno-Ugrist, University of Hamburg); Riccardo Ambrosini (b. November 13, 1925, Livorno, Italy, d. January 13, 2008, San Quirico di Moriano, Lucca, Italy; Indo-Europeanist, University of Pisa, Italy); Giovanni Battista Pellegrini (b. February 23, 1921, Cencenighe, Belluno, Italy, d. February 2, 2008, Padua, Italy; Indo-Europeanist and Romanist, dialectologist, University of Padua). Werner H,llen (b. October 17, 1927, Cologne, Germany, d. April 13, 2008, D sseldorf, Germany; Anglicist, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany); Giovanni Nencioni (b. September 11, 1911, Florence, Italy, d. May 3, 2008, Florence; Italianist, Scuola Normale di Pisa and Accademia della Crusca, Florence); Rulon S. Wells, III (b. April 30, 1919, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, d. May 3, 2008, Salt Lake City, UT; language philosopher, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA); Piergiuseppe Scardigli (b. October 13, 1933, Altopascio, Lucca, Italy, d. May 27, 2008, Florence, Italy; Germanic philologist, University of Florence); Gerhard Helbig (b. December 29, 1929, Leipzig, Germany, d. May 29, 2008, Leipzig; specialist in the grammar of German, especially as a foreign language, and historian of linguistics, University of Leipzig); Bengt Lçfstedt (b. November 19, 1931, Lund, Sweden, d. June 2, 2008, Los Angeles, CA, USA; specialist in Medieval Latin, University of California at Los Angeles); Hans Glinz (b. Dec. 1, 1913, Rheinfelden, Switzerland, d. Oct. 23, 2008, W=denswil, Switzerland; Germanist, RWTH Aachen University, Germany); Walter Belardi (b. March 22, 1923, Rome, Italy, d. November 1, 2008, Rome; general linguist and Indo-Europeanist, University La Sapienza, Rome); Manlio Cortelazzo (b. December 19, 1918, Padua, Italy, d. February 3, 2009, Padua; Italianist, University of Padua). Werner H llen, one of the co-editors for Britain and Ireland, was in the midst of working on his subsection when he fell ill; John N. Green was kind enough to complete the task. Paul Salmon, coeditor for Britain and Ireland in the first edition, who helped me more than anyone with the general concept of the project, died soon after that edition came out. I am glad I was able to commission an entry about him and also one about Sorin Stati, co-editor for Rumania, who put his failing energies into the revision of his section; I am grateful to Laurent¸ia Dasca˘lu Jinga for completing it. In addition to these three, many more names in the following list of authors and revisors had to be marked with a dagger. It is to the memory of our departed colleagues that this edition is dedicated. Harro Stammerjohann Frankfurt am Main March, 2009

Preface to the First Edition (1996) It is the aim of the LEXICON GRAMMATICORUM to provide access to the worldVs linguistic traditions through their most important representatives, excluding living scholars, whose work and influence are still developing. Only in the rare cases where no individuals stood out were whole schools of thought treated as entries. Although the book is organized alphabetically, the actual work was divided into twenty areas according to historical, geographic or linguistic criteria. These areas were assigned to specialist coeditors who determined the entries and either wrote them or assigned them to other specialists. The coeditors (with area in parentheses) are: – Sylvain Auroux, Paris, France (French-speaking countries) – Dieter Cherubim, Gçttingen, Germany (German-speaking countries) – Tullio De Mauro and Donatella Di Cesare, both Rome, Italy (Greece and Rome; Italy) – Eric P. Hamp, Chicago, IL, USA (North America) – Christoph Harbsmeier, Bergen, Norway (China) – Caroline C. Henriksen, Copenhagen, Denmark (Scandinavia) – MiklKs Kontra, Budapest, Hungary (Hungary) – Andrzej M. Lewicki, Lublin, Poland (Slavic countries) – Bruno Lewin, Bochum, Germany (Japan) – Jolanta Mindak, Warsaw, Poland (South Slavic countries) – Jan Noordegraaf, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dutch-speaking countries) – Georges-Jean Pinault, Paris, France (India) – IrMne Rosier, Paris, France (Middle Ages) – Algirdas Sabaliauskas, Vilnius, Lithuania (Baltic countries) – Paul Salmon, Oxford, England (Britain and Ireland) – RamKn Sarmiento, Madrid, Spain (Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries) – Werner Sasse, Hamburg, Germany (Korea) – Sorin Stati, Bologna, Italy (Rumania) – Kees Versteegh, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Arabic-speaking world). Any lacunae were filled ad hoc by LEXICON authors or by additional specialists. The original plan agreed upon with the publisher provided for 1,000 large-size, double-column pages corresponding to 1,000 entries; the average length of an entry was to be one page. Of these 1,000 pages, each co-editor was allocated space roughly proportionate to the area of his or her responsibility. Within their allotted space, the co-editors suggested the entries to be included, and once the list was agreed upon, the entries were prepared. As is so often the case, however, more entries were written than originally planned and many turned out longer than expected. In consequence the total number of entries rose to over 1,500. I therefore beg the readerVs indulgence for the unseemly number of abbreviations needed to save space. In general, each entry consists of three sections: biography; analysis of the work and its importance for the history of linguistics; and bibliography, the latter necessarily limited for reasons of space. Entries approved by the co-editor were then passed on to the General Editor; both read the proofs. Given the international nature of the undertaking, it was deemed appropriate to use English. James Kerr, English lecturer at the University of Frankfurt, checked entries not written or co-edited by a native speaker of English. It is to him first of all that I wish to express my gratitude for his unremitting diligence; to Karin Kotitschke, my student at Frankfurt, who has worked selflessly on the project for the last three years; to Rainer Schlçsser, my collaborator at Chemnitz, who oversaw the last two rounds of proofreading; and to Robert Hammel and Hans-Ingo Radatz, who helped to fill in a number of lacunae. Without their idealism and the dedication of the contributors it could not have been completed. I would also like to thank, on behalf of the co-editors and myself, Karen M. Booker, Patrick Boylan, Mark DeVoto, John Dvorachek, Carl Ehrig-Eggert, Daniel Feldhendler, Gerd Freidhof, Lois Grossman, Oskar von Hin ber, Murray Kinloch, Adam Makkai, Doris Meyer, Alain Morot, Dona Munker, Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh, GermYn Olarieta, Thomas Rackow, Francesco Sabatini, Paul Salmon, Vivian Salmon, Axel Schçnberger, Isabel Scholes, Michael Silverstein; the librarians of the Stadt- und Universittsbibliothek Frankfurt for their expert help; the Vereinigung von Freunden und Fçrderern der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitt and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for their financial support; and the ever-patient Marlene Kirton of Max Niemeyer Verlag.

VIII

Preface to the First Edition (1996)

A work like this can never be final, nor will it ever seem sufficiently balanced to all readers. Any suggestions that would contribute towards updating and complementing the LEXICON would be most welcome and greatly appreciated. Harro Stammerjohann Frankfurt am Main and Chemnitz March, 1996

Authors and Revisors Clifford Abbott, Green Bay, WI, USA Dionisius A. Agius, Leeds, Great Britain Anders Ahlqvist, Sydney, Australia Federico Albano Leoni, Rome, Italy Werner Alberts, Gçttingen, Germany Jçrn Albrecht, Heidelberg, Germany Giancarlo Alessio, Venice, Italy John Algeo, Athens, GA, USA Vladimir M. Alpatov, Moscow, Russia Robin Carfrae Alston, London, Great Britain Gabriel Altmann, Bochum, Germany RenZ Amacker, Geneva, Switzerland Roberto Antonelli, Rome, Italy Franco Aqueci, Messina, Italy Vassileios Argyropoulos, Athens, Greece Michel ArrivZ, Nanterre, France John Ale Askedal, Oslo, Norway Sylvain Auroux, Paris, France Robert Austerlitz †, New York, NY, USA Wolfram Ax, Cologne, Germany Wendy Ayres-Bennett, Cambridge, Great Britain Ursula B=hler, Zurich, Switzerland Daniel Baggioni †, Aix-Marseille, France Richard W. Bailey, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Philip Baker, London, Great Britain Ferenc Bakos †, Budapest, Hungary Nalini Balbir, Paris, France Joachim Ballweg, Mannheim, Germany Jerzy Ban´czerowski, Poznan´, Poland Galina S. Barankova, Moscow, Russia Moshe Bar-Asher, Jerusalem, Israel Marc Baratin, Lille, France Hans-Hermann Bartens, Gçttingen, Germany Raija Bartens, Helsinki, Finland Czesław Bartula, Cracow, Poland Irmhild Barz, Leipzig, Germany PZter Bassola, Szeged, Hungary Janet M. Bately, London, Great Britain Barbara Bayer, Gçttingen, Germany Eric Beaumatin, Paris, France Lidia Becker, Trier, Germany George Bedell, Los Angeles, CA, USA Leszek Bednarczuk, Cracow, Poland Wout Jac. van Bekkum, Groningen, The Netherlands Massimo Bellina, Rome, Italy Anna G. Belova, Moscow, Russia Byron W. Bender, Honolulu, HI, USA Reet Bender, Tartu, Estonia Emmett L. Bennett, Madison, WI, USA RenZ van den Berg, Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea Lothar Berger, Marburg, Germany Gabriel Bergounioux, OrlZans, France Knut Bergsland †, Oslo, Norway Giuliano Bernini, Bergamo, Italy

Karl-Heinz Best, Gçttingen, Germany Jo]l Biard, Tours, France Mechtild Bierbach, D sseldorf, Germany Laura Biondi, Milan, Italy Andreas Bittner, M nster, Germany Herbert Blume, Braunschweig, Germany Anna J. Bluszcz, Sosnowiec, Poland Hartmut Bobzin, Erlangen-N rnberg, Germany Louis-Jean Bo], Grenoble, France Winfried Boeder, Oldenburg, Germany Anne Bo]s, Paris, France Aleksandr V. Bondarko, St. Petersburg, Russia Karen M. Booker, Lawrence, KS, USA Dçrte Borchers, Berlin, Germany Tilman Borsche, Bonn, Germany Egbert Peter Bos, Leiden, The Netherlands Olivier Boulnois, Paris, France Simon Bouquet, Paris, France Jacques Bourquin †, BesanÅon, France Sonia Branca-Rosoff, Paris, France Laurent Bray, Heilbronn, Germany Cor van Bree, Leiden, The Netherlands Rolf Hendrik Bremmer Jr., Leiden, The Netherlands Frederick H. Brengelman, Fresno, CA, USA Charlotte Brewer, Oxford, Great Britain Dietrich Briesemeister, Jena, Germany William Bright †, Boulder, CO, USA Jospeh M. Brincat, St. Julians, Malta Klaus Brinker †, Hamburg, Germany Bela Brogyanyi, Freiburg, Germany Christine Brousseau, Paris, France Wolfram Bublitz, Augsburg, Germany Anthony F. Buccini, Chicago, IL, USA Tove Bull, Tromsø, Norway Robert W. Burchfield †, Oxford, Great Britain Armin Burkhardt, Magdeburg, Germany Ulrich Busse, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Theodora Bynon, London, Great Britain Mar`a Luisa Calero Vaquera, CKrdoba, Spain George Cardona, New Haven, CT, USA Valerio Casadio, Rome, Italy Frederic G. Cassidy †, Madison, WI, USA James E. Cathey, Amherst, MA, USA FranÅoise Caujolle-Zaslawsky, Paris, France Courtney B. Cazden, Cambridge, MA, USA Roberta Cervani, Trieste, Italy ˇ erny´, Olomouc, Czech Republic Jirˇ` C FranÅois Charpin †, Paris, France Dieter Cherubim, Gçttingen, Germany Jean-Claude Chevalier, Paris, France Jean-Luc Chevillard, Paris, France Jean-Louis Chiss, Paris, France Alexandru Cisek, M nster, Germany GeneviMve Clerico, Rennes, France

X

Authors and Revisors

Carmen CodoÇer, Salamanca, Spain AndrZ Collinot †, Paris, France Beverley Collins, Leiden, The Netherlands Bernard Colombat, Paris, France Alessandro D. Conti, LVAquila, Italy Michele A. Cortelazzo, Padua, Italy Jacques Coulardeau, Paris, France William Cowan †, Ottawa, ON, Canada Jerry R. Craddock, Berkeley, CA, USA David Cram, Oxford, Great Britain William Croft, Albuquerque, NM, USA Tony Crowley, Claremont, CA, USA LYszlK CseresnyZsi, Zentsuji, Japan Saskia Daalder, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Mari DVAgostino, Palermo, Italy. Amy Dahlstrom, Chicago, IL, USA Laurent¸ia Dasca˘lu Jinga, Bucarest, Rumania Nicola De Blasi, Naples, Italy Jan De Clercq, Louvain / Leuven, Belgium Inez De Florio-Hansen, Kassel, Germany Kees Dekker, Groningen, The Netherlands Simone Delesalle, Paris, France Tullio De Mauro, Rome, Italy Peter F. Dembowski, Chicago, IL, USA Marie-Luce Demonet, Tours, France Ludwig Denecke †, Hannoversch M nden, Germany FranÅoise Desbordes †, Toulouse, France Piet Desmet, Louvain / Leuven, Belgium Sarah Dessi-Schmid, T bingen, Germany Hans A. Dettmer, Bochum, Germany Donatella Di Cesare, Rome, Italy. Rolf-Albert Dietrich, Gçttingen, Germany Pedro Luis D`ez Orzas, Madrid, Spain Wolfgang Dinkelacker, Gçttingen, Germany David Dinwoodie, Bloomington, IN, USA Sabine Doering, Oldenburg, Germany Marc Dominicy, Brussels, Belgium Brigitte Dçring, Erfurt, Germany FranÅoise Douay, Aix-en-Provence, France FranÅoise Dougnac, Paris, France Francesca Dovetto, Naples, Italy Daniel Droixhe, Brussels, Belgium Klaus D wel, Gçttingen, Germany Henning D well, Gçttingen, Germany Aleksandr D. Dulicˇenko, Tartu, Estonia ˇ urovicˇ, Lund, Sweden LVubomir D Martin Durrell, Manchester, Great Britain Klaus D. Dutz †, M nster, Germany Steven N. Dworkin, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Anne Dykstra, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Sten Ebbesen, Copenhagen, Denmark Svend Eegholm-Pedersen, Birkerød, Denmark Søren Egerod, Valby, Denmark Eckhard Eggers, Gçttingen, Germany Rosaria Egidi, Rome, Italy Horst Ehrhardt, Erfurt, Germany

Ludwig M. Eichinger, Mannheim, Germany Claes-Christian Elert, Umed, Sweden Rudolf Engler †, Bern, Switzerland Nils Erik Enkvist, Helsinki, Finland Marcel Erdal, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Gerhard Ernst, Regensburg, Germany Hans-Werner Eroms, Passau, Germany Viktoria Eschbach-Szabo, T bingen, Germany Miguel engel Esparza Torres, Madrid, Spain Arthur Joseph van Essen, Groningen, The Netherlands D. Ellis Evans, Oxford, Great Britain Lisbeth Falster Jakobsen, Copenhagen, Denmark Margery Fee, Kingston, ON, Canada Anthonia Feitsma, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Evelyn Scherabon Firchow, Minneapolis, MN, USA Andreas Fischer, Zurich, Switzerland Eli Fischer-Jørgensen, Copenhagen, Denmark John L. Flood, London, Great Britain Eilika Fobbe, Gçttingen, Germany Jacques Fontanille, Limoges, France Lia Formigari, Rome, Italy Kjell-fke Forsgren, Umed, Sweden Benjamin Fortson IV, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Jean-Marie Fournier, Paris, France Nathalie Fournier, Lyons, France Robert A. Fowkes †, Bronxville, NY, USA Catherine S. Fowler, Reno, NV, USA Thomas Frank †, Naples, Italy Margareta Fredborg, Copenhagen, Denmark Corinna Fricke, Jena, Germany Janette Friedrich, Geneva, Switzerland Norbert Fries, Berlin, Germany Peter H. Fries, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA Anne M. Fryba-Reber, Bern, Switzerland Mara Fuertes GutiZrrez, Manchester, Great Britain Allan W. Futrell, Louisville, KY, USA Alain Galonnier, Marseille, France Daniele Gambarara, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy Burckhard Garbe, Gçttingen, Germany Alessandro Garcea, Toulouse, France Paolo Gatti, Trento, Italy Hans-Martin Gauger, Freiburg, Germany Gerhard Gelbmann, Brunn am Gebirge, Austria Barbara von Gemmingen, D sseldorf, Germany Stefano Gensini, Roma, Italy Joachim Gessinger, Potsdam, Germany Luce Giard, Paris, France Margaret Gibson †, Liverpool, Great Britain Peter Gilliver, Oxford, Great Britain

Authors and Revisors

Helmut Gipper †, M nster, Germany Henryk Gmiterek, Lublin, Poland Ives Goddard, Washington, DC, USA Hans Goebl, Salzburg, Austria Gideon Goldenberg, Jerusalem, Israel JosZ J. GKmez Asencio, Salamanca, Spain Morris Goodman, Evanston, IL, USA Manfred Gçrlach, Cologne, Germany Anthony P. Grant, Ormskirk, Lancashire, Great Britain John N. Green, Bradford, Great Britain Anne Grondeux, Paris, France Ottar Grønvik, Oslo, Norway Kathrin G tzlaff, Bochum, Germany JYnos Gulya, Gçttingen, Germany Roberto Gusmani, Udine, Italy Hedwig Gwosdek, T bingen, Germany Walter Haas, Fribourg, Switzerland Annelies H=cki Buhofer, Basel, Switzerland Auli Hakulinen, Helsinki, Finland Eugene Halton, South Bend, IN, USA Eyvind Fjeld Halvorsen, Oslo, Norway Robert Hammel, Berlin, Germany Iain Maxwell Hammett, Saitama, Japan Eric P. Hamp, Chicago, IL, USA Ian F. Hancock, Austin, TX, USA Christoph Harbsmeier, Oslo, Norway Matthias Hartig, Paderborn, Germany Ulrike Haß(-Zumkehr), Duisburg-Essen, Germany Friedrich Hassenstein, Gçttingen, Germany Gerda Haßler, Potsdam, Germany Bernd Heine, Cologne, Germany Patrick Heinrich, Duisburg, Germany Matthias Heinz, T bingen, Germany Eugen Helimski †, Hamburg, Germany Frances Henderson (Frances McDonald), Oxford, Great Britain Helmut Henne, Braunschweig, Germany Caroline C. Henriksen, Roskilde, Denmark Michael Herslund, Copenhagen-Frederiksberg, Denmark Wolfgang Hess, Bonn, Germany Judit Hidasi, Budapest, Hungary Rainer Hildebrandt, Marburg, Germany Jane Hill, Tucson, AZ, USA Mati Hint, Tallinn, Estonia Leanne Hinton, Berkeley, CA, USA Oskar von Hin ber, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany Henry M. Hoenigswald †, Philadelphia, PA, USA Henri Franciscus Hofman †, Utrecht, The Netherlands Jan Holesˇ, Olomouc, Czech Republic Gçsta Holm, Lund, Sweden Louis Holtz, Paris, France RenZe Honvault, Paris, France

XI

J rgen Horn, Gçttingen, Germany Jan E. M. Houben, Paris, France Anthony P. R. Howatt, Edinburgh, Great Britain Thomas Hudak, Tempe, AZ, USA Werner H llen †, Duisburg-Essen, Germany Johannes Lucas Maria Hulsker, Tilburg, The Netherlands LYszlK Hunyadi, Debrecen, Hungary Bernhard Hurch, Graz, Austria Andrea Huterer, Berlin, Germany Osmo Ikola, Turku, Finland Stanley Insler, New Haven, CT, USA Michael M. Isermann, Heidelberg, Germany Erika H. Ising, Berlin, Germany Neil Jacobs, Columbus, OH, USA Stephanie W. Jamison, Cambridge, MA, USA Juha Janhunen, Helsinki, Finland Kurt Jankowsky, Washington, DC, USA Kristian Jensen, London, Great Britain Goffe Jensma, Groningen, The Netherlands Jerzy Jeszke, Lublin, Poland Colette Jeudy †, Paris, France Michael Job, Gçttingen, Germany Jean Jolivet, Paris, France Gerrit Hendrik Jongeneelen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Brian D. Joseph, Columbus, OH, USA Jacques Julien, Paris, France Marie-HZlMne Jullien, Paris, France Friedrich Junge, Gçttingen, Germany Johannes Kabatek, T bingen, Germany JYn Kacˇala, Bratislava, Slovakia Michał Kaczmarkowski †, Lublin, Poland Barbara Kaltz, Aix-en-Provence, France ZZnon Kaluza, Paris, France Heidrun K=mper, Mannheim, Germany Frank Kammerzell, Berlin, Germany SYndor KYroly †, Budapest, Hungary Asa Kasher, Tel Aviv, Israel Dieter Kattenbusch, Berlin, Germany Alan S. Kaye †, Fullerton, CA, USA Nikolaj N. Kazanskij, St. Petersburg, Russia Kari Kein=stç, Turku, Finland Gerard Kelly, Cambridge, Great Britain John Kelly, Leeds, Great Britain J. Alan Kemp, Edinburgh, Great Britain Gerhard Kettmann, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Douglas A. Kibbee, Urbana, IL, USA Andreas Kilcher, T bingen, Germany Jçrg Kilian, Kiel, Germany gva Kincses Nagy, Szeged, Hungary A. Murray Kinloch†, Fredericton, NB, Canada Lajos Kiss †, Budapest, Hungary J rgen Klausenburger, Seattle, WA, USA

XII

Authors and Revisors

Wolf Peter Klein, Erfurt, Germany Grzegorz A. Kleparski, RzeszKw, Russia Marceli Klimkowski, Lublin, Poland Corneille Henri Kneepkens, Groningen, The Netherlands Clemens Knobloch, Siegen, Germany Dilwyn Knox, London, Great Britain Peter Koch, T bingen, Germany Christa Kçnig, Cologne, Germany E. F. Konrad Koerner, Ottawa, ON, Canada Jens-Peter Kçster, Trier, Germany Lev R. Koncevicˇ, Moscow, Russia MiklKs Kontra, Budapest, Hungary John E. Koontz, Louisville, CO, USA Mikko Korhonen †, Helsinki, Finland AndrYs Kornai, Cambridge, MA, USA Violetta Koseska-Toszewa, Warsaw, Poland Djamel E. Kouloughli, Paris, France Ferenc KovYcs †, Budapest, Hungary Johannes Kramer, Trier, Germany Hermann Krapoth, Gçttingen, Germany William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Athens, GA, USA Knut Kristiansen †, Oslo, Norway Andres Max Kristol, Neuchhtel, Switzerland Heinz Krçll †, Mainz, Germany Sergej A. Krylov, Moscow, Russia Wolfgang K hlwein, Trier, Germany Peter K hn, Trier, Germany Peter Kuhlmann, Gçttingen, Germany Robert Kyes, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Johanna Laakso, Vienna, Austria Jean Lallot, Paris, France Charles de Lamberterie, Paris, France Roberto Lambertini, Macerata, Italy Stephen K. Land, Stowmarket, Great Britain Karen L. Landahl, Chicago, IL, USA Herbert Landar, Los Angeles, CA, USA Justine Landau, Paris, France Pierre Lardet, Paris, France Roger Lass, Cape Town, South Africa Yolanda Lastra, Mexico, DF, Mexico Thomas A. Lathrop, Newark, DE, USA Jens-Peter Laut, Gçttingen, Germany Vivien Law †, Cambridge, Great Britain John Lawler, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Franz Lebsanft, Bochum, Germany Claire Lecointre, Lille, France Penny Lee, Adelaide, Australia Michel Le Guern, Lyons, France Ilse Lehiste, Columbus, OH, USA Heike Lehnert-LeHouiller, Rochester, NY, USA Gotthard Lerchner, Leipzig, Germany Michał ŁesiKw, Lublin, Poland FranÅoise LZtoublon, Grenoble, France Andrzej M. Lewicki, Lublin, Poland Roman Lewicki, Lublin, Poland Bruno Lewin, Bochum, Germany Robert Lewis, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Odo J. Leys, Louvain / Leuven, Belgium Alain de Libera, Paris, France. Avi Lifschitz, Oxford, Great Britain Michael J. Limburg, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Kaj B. Lindgren †, Espoo, Finland Jouko Lindstedt, Helsinki, Finland Andrew R. Linn, Sheffield, Great Britain Michael D. Linn, Duluth, MN, USA Kari Liukkonen, Helsinki, Finland Margarita Lliteras, Valladolid, Spain Heinrich Lçffler, Basel, Switzerland Albert L. Lloyd, Philadelphia, PA, USA Bengt Loman, Turku, Finland Giovanni Lombardo, Messina, Italy Robert E. Longacre, Dallas, TX, USA Urs Loosli, Zurich, Switzerland Franco Lo Piparo, Palermo, Italy Mark L. Louden, Madison, WI, USA Kenny Louwen, Leiden, The Netherlands Peter Ludlow, Toronto, ON, Canada Klaus-Dieter Ludwig, Berlin, Germany Jens L dtke, Heidelberg, Germany Gerard Johannes Luhrman †, Groningen, The Netherlands Anneli Luhtala, Helsinki, Finland Einar Lundeby, Høn, Norway Siri Sverdrup Lunden †, Oslo, Norway Serge Lusignan, Montreal, QC, Canada Utz Maas, Osnabr ck, Germany Jaap Maat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Michael K. C. MacMahon, Glasgow, Great Britain Mart M=ger †, Tallinn, Estonia John Magee, Toronto, ON, Canada Alfonso Maierffl, Rome, Italy Christian Mair, Freiburg, Germany Denise Maldidier †, Paris, France N. Gçran D. Malmqvist, Stockholm, Sweden Giovanni Manetti, Siena, Italy Claudio Marazzini, Turin, Italy JKzef K. Marcinkiewicz, Poznan´, Poland Francisco A. Marcos-Mar`nn, San Antonio, TX, USA Elsa Marguin-Hamon, Paris, France Manuel Mart`, Madrid, Spain Jeanne Martinet, Paris, France Francine MaziMre, Paris, France Frances McDonald fi Frances Henderson William E. McMahon, Akron, OH, USA James B. McMillan, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA Norman A. McQuown †, Chicago, IL, USA Inger M. Mees, Copenhagen-Frederiksberg, Denmark Richard P. Meier, Austin, TX, USA Brian Merrilees, Toronto, Canada Peter Meyer, Gçttingen, Germany Ian Michael, Bristol, Great Britain

Authors and Revisors

Cyril Michon, Paris, France Roy Andrew Miller, Seattle, WA, USA Jolanta Mindak-Zawadzka, Warsaw, Poland Philipp M. Mitchell †, Ithaca, NY, USA Masataka Miyawaki, Yokohama, Japan Jerzy Molas, Warsaw, Poland James Monaghan, Hatfield, Great Britain Philippe Monneret, Dijon, France Michael Montgomery, Columbia, SC, USA Joseph Francis Moran, Tsukuba City, Japan Herbert C. Morton, Bethesda, MD, USA Filippo Motta, Pisa, Italy Salikoko S. Mufwene, Chicago, IL, USA Peter M hlh=usler, Adelaide, Australia Zˇarko Muljacˇic´, Berlin, Germany Karl-Ludwig M ller, Braunschweig, Germany Zbysław Muszy´nski, Lublin, Poland edYm NYdasdy, Budapest, Hungary Bernd Naumann, Erlangen-N rnberg, Germany Gerald Nelson, Hong Kong, China Brigitte Nerlich, Nottingham, Great Britain G nter Neumann †, W rzburg, Germany Werner Neumann, Berlin, Germany Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh, Regensburg, Germany Bruce E. Nevin, Edgartown, MA, USA Frederick J. Newmeyer, Seattle, WA, USA Barbara Niederer, Paris, France Oleg V. Nikitin, Moscow, Russia Volker Noll, M nster, Germany Jan Noordegraaf, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Claudine Normand, Nanterre, France Elke Nowak, Berlin, Germany Brian k Cu`v †, Dublin, Ireland SeYn P. k Mathfflna, Dublin, Ireland Thomas Oberlies, Gçttingen, Germany Georg Objartel, Hamburg, Germany Norbert Oettinger, Erlangen-N rnberg, Germany Noel Osselton, Durham, Great Britain Heikki Palva, Helsinki, Finland Giuseppe Patota, Arezzo, Italy Giorgio Patrizi, Rome, Italy Bruce L. Pearson, Columbia, SC, USA Lee Pederson, Atlanta, GA, USA Antonino Pennisi, Messina, Italy W. Keith Percival, Lawrence, KS, USA Estrella PZrez Rodr`guez, Valladolid, Spain Lorenzo Perilli, Berlin, Germany Raffaella Petrilli, Viterbo, Italy Ulrike Petry, Dortmund, Germany Peter J. Peverelli, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Pierre Pica, Paris, France M. Emanuela Piemontese, Rome, Italy

XIII

Rosel Pientka-Hinz, Marburg, Germany Wilhelmus Johannes Juliana Pijnenburg, Leiden, The Netherlands Georges-Jean Pinault, Paris, France Daniela Pirazzini, Bonn, Germany Fabienne Pironet, Montreal, QC, Canada David Pitt, Los Angeles, CA, USA Guntram Plangg, Innsbruck, Austria Frans Plank, Konstanz, Germany Dominique Poirel, Paris, France Anne Poitrineau, Littleborough, Lancashire, Great Britain Giovanni Polara, Naples, Italy Peter von Polenz, Trier, Germany Augusto Ponzio, Bari, Italy Erich Poppe, Cambridge, Great Britain JosZ PortolZs, Madrid, Spain JKhan Hendrik Poulsen, TKrshavn, Faroe Islands James W. Poultney †, Baltimore, MD, USA Panagiotis Poutos, Piraeus, Greece Christian Puech, Paris, France Ernst Pulgram †, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Edwin G. Pulleyblank, Vancouver, BC, Canada Ulrich P schel, Trier, Germany Ferenc Pusztai, Budapest, Hungary Arend Quak, Amsterdam and Leiden, The Netherlands ValZrie Raby, Paris, France Hans-Ingo Radatz, Eichst=tt, Germany Edgar Radtke, Heidelberg, Germany Robert L. Rankin, Lawrence, KS, USA Philip D. Rasico, Nashville, TN, USA Martha Ratliff, Detroit, MI, USA KYroly RZdei †, Budapest, Hungary Karl Reichl, Bonn, Germany Julian Rentzsch, Mainz, Germany Lorenzo Renzi, Padua, Italy Alain Rey, Paris, France Suzanne Reynolds, Birmingham, Great Britain Helmut Richter, Berlin, Germany Myriam Richter, Hamburg, Germany Jens Rickmeyer, Bochum, Germany Paul de Ridder, Brussels, Belgium Janusz Rieger, Warsaw, Poland Rodie Risselada, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Brynley F. Roberts, Aberystwyth, Wales, Great Britain Robert H. Robins †, London, Great Britain Andrew Robinson, London, Great Britain Cecilia Robustelli, Modena, Italy Sergej A. Romasˇko, Moscow, Russia Elke Ronneberger-Sibold, Eichst=tt, Germany GZrard Roquet, Paris, France IrMne Rosier-Catach, Paris, France Monika Rçssing-Hager, Marburg, Germany Luigi Enrico Rossi, Rome, Italy

XIV Authors and Revisors AndrZ Rousseau, Lille, France Giovanni Rovere, Heidelberg, Germany Giuliana Russo, Catania, Italy John Paul Russo, Coral Gables, FL, USA Vittorio Russo †, Naples, Italy Wojciech Rzepka, Poznan´, Poland Algirdas Sabaliauskas, Vilnius, Lithuania Jerrold Sadock, Chicago, IL, USA Velizar Sadovski, Vienna, Austria Jacques-Philippe Saint-GZrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France Paul Salmon †, Edinburgh, Great Britain Vivian Salmon, Oxford, Great Britain Patrick Samway, SJ, New York, NY, USA Luigi-Alberto Sanchi, Paris, France Christopher Sanders, Copenhagen, Denmark KlYra SYndor, Szeged, Hungary RamKn Sarmiento, Madrid, Spain Werner Sasse, Hamburg, Germany Dan Savatovsky, Dijon, France Mohammed Sawaie, Charlottesville, VA, USA Antonietta Scarano, Florence, Italy Merle Schatz, Gçttingen, Germany J rgen Schiewe, Greifswald, Germany Heidemarie Schirmer, Erfurt, Germany Bernfried Schlerath †, Berlin, Germany Brigitte Schlieben-Lange †, T bingen, Germany Rainer Schlçsser, Jena, Germany William R. Schmalstieg, University Park, PA, USA Wolfgang P. Schmid, Gçttingen, Germany Gunther Schmidt, Berlin, Germany Hans Schmidt, Hamburg, Germany Hartmut Schmidt, Mannheim, Germany Klaus T. Schmidt, Saarbr cken, Germany J rgen Schmidt-Radefeldt, Rostock, Germany Irena Schmidt-Regener, Berlin, Germany Christian Schmitt, Bonn, Germany R diger Schmitt, Laboe, Germany Peter Schmitter †, M nster, Germany H. Walter Schmitz, Duisburg-Essen, Germany Robert Schnepf, Halle, Germany Georg Schçn, Gçttingen, Germany Axel Schçnberger, Bremen, Germany Wolfgang Schramm, Gçttingen, Germany R diger Schreyer, Aachen, Germany Wolfgang Schweickard, Saarbr cken, Germany Luca Serianni, Roma, Italy Pieter Seuren, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Richard Sharpe, Oxford, Great Britain Stephen Shimanek, Lyons, France Ariel Shisha-Halevy, Jerusalem, Israel Bengt Sigurd, Lund, Sweden Michael Silverstein, Chicago, IL, USA Raffaele Simone, Rome, Italy Georgette Sinkler, Syracuse, NY, USA Mary Sirridge, Baton Rouge, LA, USA Vito Sivo, Foggia, Italy

Gilbert A. R. de Smet †, Ghent, Belgium Carlota S. Smith †, Austin, TX, USA Robin D. Smith, Leiden, The Netherlands Sidney R. Smith, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Walter Sommerfeld, Marburg, Germany Stefan Sonderegger, Zurich, Switzerland John Kousgdrd Sørensen †, Copenhagen, Denmark Harro Stammerjohann, Chemnitz, Germany Mateusz-Milan Stanojevic´, Zagreb, Croatia Sorin Stati †, Bologna, Italy Alexia Steinhauser, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Dieter Stellmacher, Gçttingen, Germany Dieter Stock, Bonn, Germany Natalya Stolova, Hamilton, NY, USA Gerrold van der Stroom, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Frits Stuurman, Utrecht, The Netherlands Joseph L. Subbiondo, San Francisco, CA, USA Patricia C. Sutcliffe, Washington, DC, USA Kathrin Sutherland, Oxford, Great Britain Pierre Swiggers, Louvain / Leuven, Belgium Silvia Switalski, Braunschweig, Germany IstvYn SzathmYri, Budapest, Hungary Eniko˝ Sz`j, Budapest, Hungary Andrea Tabarroni, Udine, Italy Tullio Telmon, Turin, Italy Hideo Teramura †, Osaka, Japan Antonia Regina Theunissen, Leiden, The Netherlands Fridrik Thordarson †, Oslo, Norway Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Leiden, The Netherlands Zuzanna Topolin´ska, Skopje, Macedonia J rgen Trabant, Berlin, Germany Anna Trigatzi, Athens, Greece Wojciech Usakiewicz, Warsaw, Poland Luisa Valente, Rome, Italy LZon Vandermeersch, Paris, France Toon Van Hal, Louvain / Leuven, Belgium Sebastiano Vecchio, Catania, Italy Kjell Vends, Oslo, Norway Pieter Cornelis Verhagen, Leiden, The Netherlands Jean-Marie Verpoorten, Verviers, Belgium Kees Versteegh, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Wilhelm Vesper, Braunschweig, Germany Wilhelm H. Vieregge, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Almut Vierhufe, Trier, Germany Izabel Vilela, Paris, France Frank Vonk, Arnhem, The Netherlands Emma Vorlat, Louvain / Leuven, Belgium Frits Vos †, Leiden, The Netherlands Margaret Wade-Lewis, New Paltz, NY, USA

Authors and Revisors

Peter Wagener, Mannheim, Germany Christian Wagenknecht, Gçttingen, Germany Marijke van der Wal, Leiden, The Netherlands Douglas C. Walker, Calgary, AB, Canada Irina Wandrey, Berlin, Germany Stefan Warchoł, Lublin, Poland Linda Waugh, Tucson, AZ, USA Harald Weinrich, Munich, Germany Helmut Weiß, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Christopher J. Wells, Oxford, Great Britain Antje Wendtland, Gçttingen, Germany Stefan Weninger, Marburg, Germany Roger W. Wescott †, Madison, NJ, USA Douglas A. Whalen, New Haven, CT, USA Gordon Whittaker, Gçttingen, Germany Peter Wiesinger, Vienna, Austria Eberhard Winkler, Gçttingen, Germany Chantal Wionet, Avignon, France Halina Wis´niewska, Lublin, Poland

XV

Hans-Walter Wodarz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Wolfgang Wçlck, Buffalo, NY, USA Roger Wright, Liverpool, Great Britain Jakob W est, Zurich, Switzerland VZronique Xatard, Lille, France Stavroula Zafeiri, Athens, Greece Susanne Zeilfelder, Jena, Germany Sabine Ziegler, W rzburg, Germany Peter Zieme, Berlin, Germany Karl Zimmer, Berkeley, CA, USA Thomas E. Zimmermann, Stuttgart, Germany gva Zsilinszky, Budapest, Hungary Vladimir K. Zˇuravlev, Moscow, Russia Jan-Wouter Zwart, Groningen, The Netherlands Irene E. Zwiep, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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