Koukounaries I: Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts 178969874X, 9781789698749, 9781789698756

Citation preview

Koukounaries I Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Robert B. Koehl with a contribution by

Richard Jones

Koukounaries I Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Robert B. Koehl

Archaeopress Archaeology

Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com

ISBN 978-1-78969-874-9 ISBN 978-1-78969-875-6 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and Robert B. Koehl 2021

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com

To my teachers – Philip P. Betancourt, Spyros E. Iakovidis, and James B. Pritchard

Contents List of figures in text����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ii List of tables in text������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ii Color photographs��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Preface���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xix Acknowledgements�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xxi Abbreviations������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ xxiii Chapter 1: Introduction������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 1.1 Cultural context and overview of the site������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 1.2 Archaeological contexts and significance of the pottery������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 2 1.3 Provenience and wares��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 1.4 Presentation and organization of pottery in Chapters 2 and 3�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 1.5 Illustrations of pottery���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Chapter 2: Main occupation phase contexts and pottery��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 Context 1. Storeroom 1������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 Context 2. Storeroom 2������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 56 Context 3. Storeroom 3������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 76 Context 4. East-West Corridor������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 85 Context 5. Shrine��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 117 Chapter 3: Reoccupation phase contexts and pottery������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 127 Chapter 4: Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 131 4.1 Introduction����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 131 4.2 Surface treatments������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 131 4.3 Main occupation phase pottery�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 133 4.4 Reoccupation phase pottery�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 159 4.5 Internal distribution patterns����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 160 Chapter 5: Relative chronology of the pottery�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162 5.1 Introduction����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162 5.2 Previous discussions���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162 5.3 Imports, antiques, archaizing vases, and itinerant potters ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 163 5.4 Dating the ceramic assemblages and associated contexts ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 166 Chapter 6: Identifying the people from their pottery�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 176 Appendix 1: Chemical analysis of Mycenaean pottery from Koukounaries, Paros���������������������������������������������� 180 Appendix 2: Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts��������������������������������������� 184 Appendix 3: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls������������������������� 201 Concordance of Catalog numbers and Paros Archaeological Museum registration numbers��������������������������� 214 Bibliography���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 215 Profile drawings��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 222 Black and white photographs��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 302 Index������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 381

i

List of figures in text Figure 1. Plan of Mycenaean building with five contexts highlighted. After Schilardi 2016, Fig. 29; courtesy of D.U. Schilardi..����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 Figure 2. Staircase built into north face. Photo by author.��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Figure 3. Shrine in D5, facing north. Photo by D. Connelly; courtesy of D.U. Schilardi��������������������������������������������������3 Figure 4. Intersection of E-W and N-S corridor in trench D2N, facing north. Photo by D. Connelly; courtesy of D.U. Schilardi.����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Figure 5. E-W Corridor, D2, D2*, facing west. Photo by D. Connelly; courtesy of D.U. Schilardi.�����������������������������������4 Figure 6. Staircase in C2, facing south (Late Geometric wall, above). Photo by author.��������������������������������������������������5 Figure 7. Storerooms 1 (C1-D1), 2 (E1), 3 (F1), facing west. Photo by D. Connelly; courtesy of D.U. Schilardi.������������5 Figure 8. Detail of 267, with mica inclusions. Photo by Ch. Papanikolopoulos..��������������������������������������������������������������6 Figure 9. (a) Cr-Ca oxide and (b) Cr-Mg oxide plots of the pottery samples from Koukounaries �����������������������������181

List of tables in text Table 1. Cataloged pottery from the deep sounding in Storeroom 2 (E 1) (repeated catalog numbers indicate cross joins).����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57 Table 2. Distribution/comparison of cataloged vases from the Upper and Lower Deposit of the East-West Corridor by shape, context, and stratum.�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������87 Table 3. Motifs on Group A Deep Bowls (in order of FM number).��������������������������������������������������������������������������������139 Table 4. Shoulder and handle zone motifs on large collar-necked jars.�����������������������������������������������������������������������147 Table 5. Episodes at Koukounaries synchronized with periods of LH IIIC at Mycenae and phases at Lefkandi and Phylakopi.����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������175

ii

Color photographs

1

2

3

4

5

20

8

iii

23

24

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

50

48

51

81

80

54

82

89

92

115

iv

89 interior

116

Color photographs

118

119

131 124 121

240 239

248

254

253

v

254 front

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

256A

256B

vi

Color photographs

267

301

302

vii

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

341

344

342

357

345

359

358

373

360

viii

Color photographs

395

403

404

391

412 top

412

ix

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

418

448

446

449

426

421

465

456

x

Color photographs

475

478

477

483

497

485

501

527

515

530

540

xi

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

554 574

587

588

575

592

592 top 596 three quarter

596 top

597 three quarter

xii

597 top

Color photographs

599 front

599

599 top

599 rear

600

600 top

xiii

600 underside

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

621

609 622

688EX

724 688 IN

xiv

Color photographs

834

869

961

873

970 Scale 1:2 983

991

xv

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1011

1017

1081

1014

1037

1038

1082 1086

xvi

Color photographs

1113 1094

1120

1116

1115

1138

1169

1131

1170

1171

xvii

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1178

1183

1180

xviii

Preface This volume presents the results of the study of the Mycenaean pottery from selected contexts discovered during excavations on the Koukounaries Hill, Paros, Cyclades, Greece, conducted under the direction of Prof. Demetrius U. Schilardi for the Archaeological Society at Athens from 1976-1992. The pottery comes from the main occupation levels of the building complex located on its summit and from limited reoccupation deposits, post-dating the building’s destruction.

while other scholarly obligations intervened causing unavoidable delays in bringing it to fruition until now. The volume is organized into six chapters, with three appendices. Chapter 1, the Introduction, provides background information on several topics: the cultural context and an overview of the site (1.1); the rationale for the contexts selected and the broader, cultural significance of the pottery (1.2); the provenience of the pottery and characterization of the various wares (1.3); the organization and order of presentation of the pottery in Chapters 2 and 3 (1.4); conventions for illustrations (1.5).

My own association with the Koukounaries Hill excavations began in 1977, when Professor Schilardi, then a Research Associate of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, invited a group of graduate students in the Department of Classical Archaeology to participate in his excavations. As a budding specialist of the Aegean Bronze Age, I jumped at the chance and spent four seasons as a square supervisor. After a hiatus of one season, in 1980, I expressed an interest in studying the Mycenaean pottery, having worked that summer as an apprentice in Minoan ceramics to Philip Betancourt at the Kommos excavations on Crete, and again in 1981, for L. Vance Watrous. Professor Schilardi kindly invited me to work on the pottery from Storeroom 2, which I then studied for two seasons, in 1981 and 1982, and encouraged me to present the results at a workshop on Cycladic chronology in 1983 (Koehl 1984). During these two seasons, efforts were also undertaken to study the pithoi and tripod cooking pots. However, on account of the limitations of space and facilities available for cleaning, sorting sherds, and mending, the decision was made to move ahead with the rest of the ceramics, and publish the pithoi and tripod cooking pots in a separate monograph when the circumstances for their study improve. Furthermore, because of renovations in the storerooms and galleries of the Paros Archaeological Museum, I was unable to continue my study until 1997, by which time a storage and work facility had been secured by the Cycladic Ephoreia, though still insufficient for the study of the pithoi and cooking pots.

Chapter 2 presents the ceramic assemblages from the five contexts selected from the building’s main phase of occupation. Each context is introduced with a description of its architectural environment and stratigraphy, based on the annual reports and articles published by Professor Schilardi and the diaries written by the square supervisors, followed by a catalog of its pottery. Chapter 3 presents the ceramic assemblages from the reoccupation phase discovered in the squares corresponding to the five contexts published in Chapter 2, and a few adjacent deposits. Since these deposits are small, all the contexts are introduced together, followed by a catalog of all the reoccupation phase pottery. Chapter 4 surveys the surface treatments of the pottery (4.2), and the range of shapes that occur in the main occupation phase (4.3) and reoccupation phase (4.4), providing an outline of each shape’s history, distribution, morphological characteristics and decorations. These sections could be consulted ahead of Chapters 2 and 3, especially for readers who might not be quite so familiar with Mycenaean pottery, particularly from the 12th century BCE. Section 4.5 is a discussion of the internal distribution patterns of the pottery from the main occupation phase, based largely on the statistics gathered in Appendix 2. Chapter 5 discusses the relative chronology of the pottery and its synchronisms with other sites, beginning with an overview of previous scholarship relating to the dating of the pottery from the LH IIIC Middle era (5.2). Thereafter follows a discussion on the role of antiques, ‘archaizing’ vases, and itinerant potters, and how these factors affect the styles and dating of the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage (5.3). The evidence for the relative dating of the ceramic assemblages from each of the four periods or episodes of the site’s history is then presented (5.4).

At this point, Professor Schilardi entrusted me with the final publication of the corpus of Mycenaean pottery, including the ceramics from Storeroom 1, which he had presented in a preliminary report at the same workshop on Cycladic chronology (Schilardi 1984). With the assistance of students from Hunter College and other institutions (see Acknowledgements), I conducted three to four-weeks long summer study seasons from 1997-2002 and in 2004. Since then, the preparation of this material for publication continued intermittently, xix

Finally, Chapter 6 considers the area whence came the settlers who first inhabited the Mycenaean building complex on the Koukounaries Hill. The conclusions presented here, albeit tentative, are based on

comparisons with ceramics assemblages that date just prior to or contemporary with the pottery from the building’s foundation and main habitation levels. Robert B. Koehl New York City, N.Y., 2019

xx

Acknowledgements Since the inception of this project, I have received help and support from numerous individuals, institutions, and organizations, and it is my great pleasure to acknowledge them here. I owe my greatest debt of gratitude to Prof. D.U. Schilardi, who kindly and confidently entrusted me with the publication of the Mycenaean pottery from the Koukounaries Hill Excavations, conducted under his direction. I am also grateful to the Archaeological Society of Athens, who sponsored the excavations and agreed to my publishing the material. This project received the continuous cooperation of the Cycladic Ephoreia, especially from Ephor Emerita Marisa Marthari, to whom I must give special thanks. I must also acknowledge the hospitality and collegiality of Yannos Kourayos, director of the Paros Archaeological Museum during the years we conducted our study seasons, and to the museum guards, Emmanouil Barbaris, Dimitrios Mentis, and Georgia Roussou, for their forbearance and cheerful company.

the Herculean task of scanning all the drawings and photographs. During the 1998 season, Konstandinos Kiousis, Dimitris Makaphas, Maria Siatra, and Ioanna Zervaki, students from Petras Technical College, Athens, drew pottery. However, special thanks must be given to the late Ann Thomas, who spent the 1998 season drawing some of the most outstanding vases (e.g., 256, 267, 301, 358, 412, 446). Since then, Lily Bonga and Jason Earle made supplementary drawings. The pottery was skillfully conserved by Nikolas Karanikolaos (1996), Michelle Roggenbucke, a member of the INSTAP Publications Team, who conserved the majority of vases (2001, 2002), and Georgios Aristoteles Sakellariou (2002). During the summer of 2004, excavation site photographer, David Connelly, photographed the entire catalog of pottery in black and white, assisted by Marie A. Wange-Connelly, and in January of 2019, Chronis Papanikolopoulos, also a member of the INSTAP Publications Team, photographed a selection of vases in color. During the summer and fall of 2018, Mark Shepard, then a high school senior, now a Vassar College freshman, renumbered the catalog throughout the text. That summer, Perry Bleiberg offered me guidance for the computations in Appendices 2 and 3, and during the fall of 2019, Tatiana Stolpovskaya assisted in the final preparations of graphic materials. I am deeply grateful to all of them.

Over the course of nine summer study sessions on Paros, I have benefitted from the help of colleagues and students, beginning in 1982, when Richard Janko volunteered his time and energy sorting the sherds of Storeroom 2 (square E1), and Susan Schussler worked as the first conservator on the project. Once the project resumed in 1997, I began bringing undergraduate students majoring in Classical Archaeology from Hunter College, CUNY, to assist in all aspects of the work in preparation for this publication, from sorting and counting, to gluing, drawing, and cataloging the pottery, as well as guiding me through the various technological changes that occurred over these years, and offering encouragement when my energies flagged.

Certainly, none of this work could have been accomplished without generous financial support. I wish to express my sincerest thanks to the Institute for Aegean Prehistory (INSTAP) for grants in support of study seasons conducted in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004. I am also grateful for the receipt of a series of PSC-CUNY Research Grants in support of study seasons conducted in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, and a Hunter College Presidential Travel Award in 2004. Much of the research and writing of the manuscript took place during a sabbatical in 2004 and 2005, which was supported through a generous grant from the Shelby White – Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications in 2003 (postponed until 2004), that was renewed in 2005.

They are, in alphabetical order (with the years they participated): Etienne Baxter (2000, 2001), Constantina Giannoutsou (2004), Eustathia Katechi (2002), Patricia Karsay (1998, 1999, 2002), Valeriya Kozlovskaya (1999), Brian Kunkel (2004), Angela Luna (2004), Dorit Oz (2004), Nikolaos Petratos (1999, 2000), Ksenia Rodionova (2001, 2004), Laetitia Raiciulescu (2004), Jenna Westwood (2001), Sean Woods (1997, 1998), and Ivan Zadunaisky (2001, 2002). We also benefitted from the help of graduate students, Gregory Shmandt (2002), and Marina Thomatos (2001). I owe a special thanks to Ksenia Rodionova, who inked many of the pencil drawings, and especially to Patricia Karsay, who undertook

Finally, I wish to thank Stylianos Manolakakis, my husband, for urging me to the finish line, and to my friends and colleagues, Peter Day, Jason Earle, Elizabeth French, Reinhard Jung, Bartek Lis, xxi

Colin Macdonald, Trevor Van Damme, Andreas Vlachopoulos, and Assaf Yasur-Landau, for sharing their expertise and suggestions with me. I owe special thanks to Penelope A. Mountjoy for hours happily spent in Athens since 1981 discussing ‘her’ pottery from Phylakopi and ‘mine’ from Koukounaries, and to Jeremy B. Rutter, who undertook a heroic reading of this manuscript in its final stage, and added immeasurably to its outcome, although I, of course, assume full responsibility for all mistakes.

Postscript March 11, 2020 It was with great sadness to learn of the unexpected death of Demetrius U. Schilardi on February 8, 2020, several weeks before the present manuscript was submitted for publication. Fortunately, Demetri had the opportunity to read it and expressed his pleasure with it over lunch in Athens, the last time we met on January 9, 2020.

xxii

Abbreviations

ca. circa Cat. no(s).

catalog number(s)

cm centimeters CR

Coarse Red

D, d

diameter

dec

decorated (used for Appendices 2 and 3)

est.

estimated

EX exterior FB

Fine Buff

FM

Furumark Motif

FS

Furumark Shape

H, h

height

IN

interior

L, l

length

LH

Late Helladic

M micaceous max maximum mm millimeter mono

monochrome (used for Appendices 2 and 3)

pers. comm.

personal communication

Pr. preserved Rest.

restored

SM

slightly micaceous

Th. thickness TB

Tempered Buff

UID unidentified UP unpainted W, w

width

WW

White Ware

All measurements are in centimeters. All dates are BCE (BC), unless otherwise stated.

xxiii

xxiv

Chapter 1

Introduction

became popular on the mainland during the 13th century (Darcque 2005: 351-366; Hiesel 1990: 111-157; Pantou 2011; Wright 2006: 25-28). However, whereas the mainland corridor house consists of a single corridor with rooms on either side, lined up ‘railroad car’ style, the building on the Koukounaries Hill has two intersecting corridors, each of which begins at one of the building’s two entrances (Figure 1; Koehl 2018a: 426-429; Schilardi 1992, 1995).

1.1 Cultural context and overview of the site The pottery published here was discovered during the excavations of the Mycenaean building complex constructed on the summit of the Koukounaries Hill. The hill itself is a 75 meters high limestone outcropping located on the southwest shore of the Bay of Naoussa, in the northwest of Paros, the second largest island in the Cycladic archipelago, after Naxos. Prior to its excavation, the only Mycenaean finds known from Paros were the approximately twenty Mycenaean vases discovered by Otto Rubensohn at the beginning of the 20th century, during his excavations on the Kastro of Paroikia (Rubensohn 1917: 70-71). The vases date to LH IIA (ca. 1450-1400) and LH IIIC (ca. 1200-1150; see also Chapter 6). While the lack of associated architectural remains suggests that the Mycenaean presence in the Paroikia area of Paros was sporadic and temporary, the absence of pottery dating to LH IIIA:2-LH IIIB, the ‘glory years’ of Mycenaean palatial civilization (ca. 1350-1200), seems to underscore the peripheral status accorded to the island (Koehl 2018a: 425-426). Indeed, the role and status of the Cyclades in general, during the Mycenaean palatial era, remains a subject of debate (Schallin 1993; Mountjoy 2008). While there is certainly a Mycenaean presence on several islands, the evidence is largely limited to a few burials in chamber and tholos tombs, and a few habitation sites, such as Ayia Irini on Kea, Phylakopi on Melos and the deposits below the Artemesion on Delos (Barber 1987: 224-244; Barber 2010; Mountjoy 2008: 471-473).

Thus, the North-South corridor begins at the highest point of the building, at the north entrance, which was accessed from the base of the hill via a staircase built into a natural fissure in the bedrock (Figure 2; Koehl 2018a: 428, pl. 22.3). At the base of this staircase flows a fresh-water stream which was fed from the mountains to the east, and flowed into an estuary, along the shore of the Bay of Naoussa. This stream may have been the primary source of fresh water for the building’s inhabitants. Immediately inside the corridor, on its west side in square D5, is a small, rectangular room which, as will be discussed in Chapter 2, may have functioned as a shrine (Figure 3; Chapter 2, Context 5). The south end of this corridor intersects with a corridor that begins at the building’s west entrance and runs across its width, terminating at the bedrock outcropping that defines the building’s eastern flank (Figures 4 and 5). The western entrance was probably the main approach from the Bay of Naoussa. The ascent is comprised of a series of gently sloping bedrock outcroppings and natural terraces. The short stretches of east-west walls on these terraces, discovered during excavations, may have been constructed to block or control access to the building on the summit (Schilardi 1980a: pl. 182; Schilardi 1984: 187; Schilardi 1992: 632). Just inside the building’s western entrance is a staircase in C2, which led to an upper floor (Figure 6). Based on the excavation notebooks and study of the pottery from the E-W corridor, it was possible to separate the ceramics which were in use on the upper floor at the time of the building’s destruction, from those on the ground floor (Chapter 2, Context 4).

However, with the destruction of the mainland citadels at the end of LH IIIB (ca. 1200), the Cyclades experienced a gradual demographic change with the arrival of settlers at many of the islands over the first half of the 12th century (Mountjoy 2008: 473-476; Vlachopoulos 2008). Henceforth, the Cycladic islanders were fully engaged with and incorporated into the mainstream of Hellenic political, economic and cultural life. Among these new settlements was the one founded on the summit of the Koukounaries Hill. The summit plateau of the Koukounaries Hill was excavated on a grid comprised of four by four meter squares with one meter baulks in between, labeled A-F, from west to east, and 1-6, from south to north (Schilardi 2016: figs. 23, 29). The plan of the building revealed in the excavation seems to have been adapted from the Mycenaean ‘corridor house,’ a type that

The East-West Corridor also gave access to the building’s three main basement storerooms whose walls abut against the inner face of the building’s main southern façade (Figure 7; Chapter 2, Contexts 1-3). This ‘Great South Wall’ was constructed in the Mycenaean ‘shell’ technique with two parallel walls and a rubble stone fill 1

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Figure 1. Plan of Mycenaean building with five contexts highlighted.

and is likely to have functioned as both a retaining wall and a fortification (Koehl 2018a: 429-430; Loader 1998: 7-8, 13).

building on the Koukounaries Hill. The main occupation phase, as it will be henceforth referred, comprises the ceramics found in the strata associated with the first three of these episodes: the founding of the building, its period of habitation, and its destruction. As will be shown, the pottery from these episodes belongs to two chronological phases of LH IIIC Middle: the founding and habitation date to LH IIIC Developed, and its destruction dates to LH IIIC Advanced (discussed in

1.2 Archaeological contexts and significance of the pottery The pottery selected for publication derives from the four episodes in the biography of the Mycenaean 2

Introduction

will also be shown, the pottery from this episode dates to LH IIIC Late (Chapter 5.4).

Figure 2. Staircase built into north face.

Several factors were taken into consideration when selecting the pottery presented here. From the outset of the excavation, all pottery was saved, washed, labeled, and bagged for storage and study. Once the general layout of the building was understood, following ‘best archaeological practices,’ some rooms were fully excavated down to floor levels or below, while others were left partly unexcavated, for future generations to explore. Two rooms that had been fully excavated were Storerooms 1 and 2, located within grid squares C1-D1 and E1, respectively. As noted in the Preface, these two contexts received preliminary study and publication by Professor Schilardi and this author (Koehl 1984; Schilardi 1984). By the end of excavations in 1996, it was clear that these two rooms contained the largest and best-preserved ceramic assemblages from the building. Furthermore, a sounding conducted in 1984 below the floor of Storeroom 2 yielded ceramic evidence for the date of the building’s construction (Koehl 2018a: 433-434; Chapters 2, Context 2 and Chapter 5.4). Since Storeroom 3 had also been excavated by then, in F1, it seemed logical to focus on these three contexts. Certainly, the assemblages from these contexts would potentially yield more statistically meaningful results than could be gained from studying partially excavated spaces.

Chapter 5.4). After the building’s destruction, parts of it were cleared out and resettled, though on a rather limited scale, during Episode 4, or the reoccupation phase (Koehl 2018a: 432-433; Schilardi 1984: 204). As

One of the aims in selecting the other contexts was to see whether the differences in their ceramic assemblages might reflect differences in their functions, as otherwise surmised from their architecture, and thus help explain their role in the life of the building. Fortunately, the two

Figure 3. Shrine in D5, facing north.

3

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Figure 4. Intersection of E-W and N-S corridor in trench D2N, facing north.

Figure 5. E-W Corridor, D2, D2*, facing west.

other contexts which had been thoroughly investigated by the end of excavations differed in their form and function from the three storerooms and from each other. As noted above, the East-West Corridor is one of the two main internal arteries of the building. And, as also noted, it was possible to separate its ceramic assemblage into two deposits, one from the collapsed upper floor and one from the ground floor. Since the corridor undoubtedly did not function as a storage area, but rather acted as a conduit for human and possibly animal traffic on its ground floor, and supported what were apparently living quarters on the upper floor (Schilardi 1995: 487-488), these deposits would contain the ceramics that were in actual use at the time of the

building’s destruction and thus provide insights into the activities that were taking place then (see Chapter 4.5). The same may be said for the so-called Shrine, which was also thoroughly excavated (Schilardi 1978: 201-203; Schilardi 1981: 284-286). Its identification is based primarily on its succession of plaster and pebble floors, the cut bedrock outcropping at its back, perhaps for use as an altar or platform (Figure 3), 1169, the leg of a terracotta bovid figure discovered inside, and perhaps 1130, from a composite alabastron (see also Chapter 2, Context 5; Chapter 4.5). While the Mycenaean ceramics from the Koukounaries Hill building are significant for the information they 4

Introduction

Figure 6. Staircase in C2, facing south (Late Geometric wall, above).

in a thick layer of ash, its ceramics are preserved in a relatively good condition, particularly for a habitation context, as opposed to a funerary one. And despite the possibility that the building was plundered before it was put to the torch, out of the nearly 20,000 sherds counted from the five contexts, a minimum of 1,834 vases could still be identified coming from the main phase of the site, of which 99 preserve a complete or nearly complete profile (Appendix 2). Fewer than 40 individual vases could be identified from the reoccupation phase pottery, with none preserving a complete profile (Chapter 3). As noted previously, the main occupation phase deposits date to LH IIIC Developed, still a difficult period to characterize, due largely to the limited range of well-defined stratigraphic contexts with statistically significant numbers of specimens (French 2007: 176177; Mountjoy 2007a: 221-222). Indeed, at Mycenae, LH IIIC Developed pottery is defined stylistically, not stratigraphically (French 2007: 175). This situation has improved somewhat however, due to recent publications of pottery from Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006) and Tiryns (Podzuweit 2007; Stockhammer 2007). The assemblage presented here significantly changes the basis for understanding the Mycenaean ceramics from this period, as it is comprised of a full complement of open and closed shapes, including many that are most commonly found in contemporary funerary contexts; other shapes are rare or unique to the Koukounaries Hill (Chapter 4). Furthermore, since there is clear stratigraphic evidence for a distinct reoccupation phase, with its own ceramic assemblage, the Mycenaean pottery from the Koukounaries Hill

Figure 7. Storerooms 1 (C1-D1), 2 (E1), 3 (F1), facing west.

provide regarding the date, function, and various aspects of its social life, they also have broader implications for Aegean archaeology. Because the conflagration which destroyed the building caused its remains to be covered 5

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

provides its own internal sequence, thereby helping to clarify and define ceramic periods which are still debated (French 2007; Mountjoy 2007a). However, as will be seen below, the segregation of a group of LH IIIC Advanced pottery, found in the main destruction level along with LH IIIC Developed pottery and used here to date the destruction, was based on style, rather than stratigraphy (see Chapter 5.4, Episode 3).

majority of pottery, and thus have been provisionally identified as imports. These would include several stirrup jars, 421, 445, 600, and 875 (discussed further in Chapter 5.3). The results of optical omission spectroscopy analyses conducted in 1979 by Richard Jones at the Fitch Laboratory, British School at Athens, also seems to point to Paros as the source for most of the pottery from the Koukounaries Hill (Appendix 1). Of the 34 samples that were analyzed, three are Geometric in date (sample nos. 22-24); the rest are Mycenaean and include decorated and undecorated ceramics. According to Jones, the chemical composition of nearly all the Mycenaean samples was rather uniform. Furthermore, their composition differs markedly from ceramics found at Mycenae and elsewhere in the Argolid, although several possible imports from the Argolid were identified. One sample which stands apart from the group because of its high chromium and magnesium content has the chemical composition typical of ceramics from Attica, specifically Perati (sample 2= 89). Indeed, while this cup is unique in shape and decoration at the Koukounaries Hill, it has several excellent parallels at Perati (Chapter 2, 89, Comments).

1.3 Provenience and wares Despite the absence of kilns or equipment used for making pottery, it is evident that the Mycenaean ceramics from the Koukounaries Hill were wheel-made and fired in an updraft, oxidizing kiln, like standard mainland Mycenaean pottery (Furumark 1941a: 1115). Furthermore, it is likely that most of it was made on Paros, just as all the LH IIIC pottery from Phylakopi was made on Melos (Mountjoy 1999a: 892; Mountjoy 2007b: 344). A Parian provenience is likely to judge from the frequent presence of silver mica as a tempering material, especially for vases made from Tempered Buff ware (Figure 8). Mica is abundant in the local schist, as elsewhere in the Cyclades, and was also used commonly as a construction material for the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill (Higgins and Higgins 1996: 180). White marble, which is also abundant on Paros, was crushed and ground for occasional use as a temper.

The Koukounaies Hill Mycenaean pottery is divided here into three main wares, following the classifications used by Betancourt (1990) and Watrous (1992) for the pottery from Kommos: Fine Buff (hereafter, FB), Tempered Buff (hereafter, TB), and Coarse Red (hereafter, CR). A fourth group, referred to as White Ware (hereafter, WW), occurs only rarely in the main occupation phase, but is the predominant ware during the reoccupation phase.

A local Parian provenience may also be deduced from the significant number of overfired vessels of varying shapes found in the excavations. These are identified as such by their brittle green clay, e.g., 477, a nearly intact low-stemmed cup. It is unlikely that defective pottery would have been exported from an external source of manufacture. As will also be observed, there are certain idiosyncrasies that seem to be endemic to Paros and the Cyclades, or at least to the Koukonaries Hill, Phylakopi, and possibly Grotta on Naxos (discussed in Chapter 4). In addition, there are a few specimens whose fabric and surfaces look significantly different from the relatively homogenous clay and surface treatment of the vast

Fine Buff (FB) Most of fine Mycenaean vases belong to this ware group, both painted and unpainted (UP). Thus, it is the most common ware for deep bowls, kylikes, cups, shallow angular bowls, small stirrup jars, and alabastra. The calcareous clay is well levigated, although it may also have some small mica inclusions, abbreviated in the catalogs (Chapters 2 and 3) as M (micaceous) or SM (slightly micaceous). It usually fires to a very pale brown (10YR 8/3-7/4), pink (7.5YR 8/4-7/4), or reddish yellow (7.5R 8/6-7/8). The decorated and UP vases in this ware group are usually ‘self-slipped.’ That is, they are covered with a dilution of their clay biscuit which normally fires to the same color and hue as the biscuit. This slip is visible in section with a 10x lens. Monochrome vases are covered with an iron-rich, darkfiring slip which varies in hues of red or black (including gray), and sometimes brown. The painted decoration fired to the same range of colors as the monochrome vases, although red decoration predominates (see also Chapter 4 and Appendix 3). Only two vases from the reoccupation phase were made in FB ware, 1173 and

Figure 8. Detail of 267, with mica inclusions (silver flecks appear white in photograph).

6

Introduction

1174, both one-handled conical bowls. The clay paste for the deep bowl changes in the reoccupation phase, when it is tempered with marble (also noted below).

233, 237, 259) and closed (292, 326, 363, 372, 873). In addition to their white surface, which is invariably matte, with matte black or, more rarely, red paint, what distinguishes them from the other wares is the high density of small white and black granular inclusions visible in section and especially on the surface. In the absence of petrographic analysis (forthcoming), autopsy suggests that the white is a calcite rich inclusion, whereas the black inclusions may be from mudstones (I am grateful to P. Day for this suggestion).

Tempered Buff (TB) Based on visual inspection with a 10x jeweler’s loop, it appears that TB ware is the same as FB ware, only with a significantly greater density of added tempering agents, primarily small flakes of silver mica (Figure 8) or in several cases, finely crushed marble. Tempering did not affect the range of colors, which are the same as FB. And, like FB vases, TB vases may be self-slipped. However, unlike FB, the TB vases are more often covered with a rather thick white, pink, or very pale brown slip which is visible in section. Where the slip and clay fire to the same color, the slip invariably stands out from the clay biscuit as a finely levigated coating. The most common shapes made in TB ware are jugs, deep spouted cups, collar-necked jars, hydriae, amphorae, piriform jars, amphoriskoi, large and medium-sized stirrup jars, dippers, and basins. As noted above, unlike most deep bowls from the main occupation phase, which were made in FB ware, the deep bowls from the reoccupation phase, 1170-1172, were tempered with crushed marble.

These same tempering agents continue to be used for the WW from the reoccupation phase which at this time is the predominant ware, with 25 specimens cataloged out of a total of 32 (Chapters 3, 4, and 5). The biscuit still has a high density of black and white granular inclusions which are visible on the surface. Although the biscuits of the open shapes from both phases vary in color, with very pale brown (10YR 8/3) and pink (5YR 7/3) specimens, the closed vessels from the reoccupation phase, consisting primarily of amphorae, usually fire with a white (2.5Y 8/2) or light gray (2.5Y 7/2) surface and core; the surface and paint are matte. 1.4 Presentation and organization of pottery in Chapters 2 and 3 As explained in the Preface and above in section 1.2, the ceramic assemblages from five contexts belonging to the main occupation phase of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill, and pottery from its postdestruction, or reoccupation phase, were selected for study and publication, minus the tripod cooking pots and pithoi. The architectural setting and stratigraphy of each of the five contexts is described in Chapter 2, based as noted above, on D.U. Schilardi’s preliminary publications (Schilardi 1977-1980, 1984, 1992, 1995) and the excavation notebooks written by various square supervisors, including the present author. The catalog of the pottery from each context follows thereupon, numbered in a continuous sequence, from 1-1169. Since the contexts that yielded pottery from the reoccupation phase are few and the amounts are small, all of them are discussed together in the introduction to Chapter 3, and the catalog of the pottery follows, numbered in a continuous sequence, from 1170-1201.

Coarse Red (CR) Since this ware was used primarily for tripod cooking pots and pithoi, it will be examined more closely in a separate, forthcoming study although 724, a unique relief decorated pithos fragment, is included. Perhaps surprisingly, a few kylikes (e.g. 36 and 475), a ringbased krater (260), a neck-handled jug (395), a stirrup jar (415), and a few unidentifiable shapes were also made in this distinctive ware (see Appendix 2.a-g for all occurrences); all come from the main occupation phase. Most of the specimens are evenly fired, from a weak red (2.5YR 5/2) to dark red (10R 3/6); only 475 has a dark gray core. All have mica or marble inclusions, while 395 seems to have had small crushed red beach pebble inclusions; 475 may have had a mixture of all three ingredients. All are coated with a well levigated red slip over the red biscuit which fires to various hues of red. White Ware (WW)

While it was the aim of the excavation to save every pot sherd, it was not feasible to catalog the nearly 20,000 sherds that were retrieved and counted from the main occupation phase (for sherd count statistics for the five main occupation phase contexts, see Appendix 2ag). However, since the amounts were small from the reoccupation phase, all the pottery from those contexts was cataloged (see Chapter 3). The catalog of pottery from the main occupation phase includes examples of every shape and variation in profile that could be identified from sherds with a minimum dimension of

White Ware (WW) is a term used to describe a kind of pottery that first appears in LH IIIC contexts in a variety of calcareous clays, recognizable for its distinct white slip, though in some cases it is ‘self-slipped’ (e.g., 1178; also Popham et al. 2006: 175, 218-220). At the Koukounaries Hill site, WW first appears in the main occupation phase in small numbers: only ten examples were identified (for its chronological implications, see Chapter 5). These include open shapes (131, 208, 7

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

2 cm. Thus, all vases with complete or nearly complete profiles were cataloged, as were nearly all rims, bases, spouts, and most decorated body sherds. While this might have led to redundancies, it was the intention of this study to illustrate each shape and profile that occurred in each context for dating purposes, to provide data for functional analyses of the contexts, and to provide useful comparanda for other sites. Handles alone were rarely cataloged but wherever possible, were attributed to a shape, counted, and recorded as a category in the statistical tables in Appendix 2a-f. Undecorated body sherds were generally not cataloged, unless they preserve a recognizable feature, such as the neck on jugs. Rather, they were counted and recorded in the statistical tables in Appendix 2a-f.

clearly predominant, that one is mentioned before the others. All catalog sequence numbers are in boldface; specimens which are illustrated in color, in addition to black and white (see below), are written in boldface italics. Each catalog entry begins with its sequence number followed in parenthesis by the excavation inventory number: K(=Koukounaries)+number/P(=Pottery)+number/ PM(=Paros Museum)+number, for vases that are registered with the Paros Archaeological Museum (e.g., K146/P75/PM2113). Next, the shape is identified, and its state of preservation is described. When it is possible to tell, the likely position of body sherds is noted, e.g., shoulder, belly, lower body. Measurements are then given (in centimeters): height, rim diameter, base diameter; for body sherds, maximum height and width. The ware is identified, inclusions are noted, and the clay and ware are described using Munsell Soil Color Charts (1975 edition): clay (both the color below the slip and the core); slip; paint. Because much of the Mycenaean FB pottery is homogeneously fired, the clay below the slip and the core are usually indistinguishable and hence in those cases, the core is not given a separate number.

The organization of the catalog of pottery is the same for each context, with open shapes before closed shapes. The open shapes are further organized by their presumed functions. Thus, drinking vessels - kylikes and cups - precede all varieties of bowls, followed by kraters, kalathoi, basins, and dippers. The closed shapes follow Furumark’s order of classification (Furumark 1941a). Where possible, vases are also referred to by their shape number in Furumark’s typological classification (hereafter, FS, for Furumark Shape+ shape number; Furumark 1941a: 585-336). However, as will also be seen, there are several open and closed shapes which were unknown to Furumark, and others that are unique to the Koukounaries assemblage. Furthermore, several closed shapes, specifically the jug, stirrup jar, and alabastron, seem to occur in three sizes: small, medium and large; the collar-necked jar and lentoid flask occur in large and medium sized versions; there is also a small flask. These closed vessels, therefore, are also classified by size. The painted motifs are classified wherever possible following Furumark’s typology and nomenclature (hereafter, FM, for Furumark Motif + motif number; Furumark 1941a: 1941: 236-429).

The surface treatment follows: first the interior, then the exterior, from top to bottom. In cases where the interior is unpainted, especially on closed shapes, the description of the decoration will refer only to the exterior, unless indicated otherwise, e.g., interior rim bands on jugs. In describing banded decoration, which is common on Mycenaean pottery, it should be assumed that bands are circum-current unless otherwise indicated, such as on the contours of handles or along the edge of spouts. Thus, it may be assumed that motifs which are described after banded decoration are positioned below the band. As for the distinction between a line and a band, lines are usually between 1.0-3.0 mm thick whereas bands are wider than 3.0 mm. Bands in the range of 3.0-5.0 mm are described as ‘narrow bands,’ whereas lines near 3.0 mm are described as ‘thick lines.’ These usually occur on rims.

Each shape in the catalog begins with the most complete examples, followed by rims, bases, and body sherds. For open shapes, such as the deep bowl or kylix, monochrome interiors come first, followed by linear and UP interiors. On the exterior, monochrome comes first, followed by patterned, and linear decoration. Undecorated versions come last. Closed shapes are presented similarly, with complete profiles followed by diagnostic sherds: rims, bases, and features specific to certain shapes, such as the disc and handles on stirrup jars; body sherds are last. Like the open shapes, monochrome painted closed vases are followed by patterned, linear, and undecorated examples. For both closed and open shapes, body sherds with patterned motifs are listed according to the numerical sequence of Furumark motifs (Furumark 1941a: 236-439). Where multiple motifs occur on the same vase, they are noted either in the order of their FM number or, if one is

Next, the find context for each cataloged vase is cited by grid square and stratum number. Two grid squares separated by a slash refer to baulks which were occasionally excavated, notably baulk C1/D1, which ran north-south through the middle of Storeroom 1. It should be recalled that stratum numbers were assigned by the original supervisor of that context. Comments then follow for some vases. These may include physical observations, such as traces of over-firing and secondary burning, or special features, such as incised decoration and appliques. Possible imports and unique specimens are identified. Comparisons are made here to vases from other sites, noting the site name and, in some cases, its local phase or stratigraphic context, and bibliographic 8

Introduction

reference. Frequent reference is made to parallels that appear in the volumes by Mountjoy (1986, 1999a), as these are often the only published profile drawings of a vase and are readily accessible to the scholarly public. Finally, bibliographic citations to previous publications of the cataloged vase are provided.

Whenever possible for drawings, handles and profiles are illustrated on the right and decoration on the left. Interior decoration, including monochrome, is also indicated on the right, profile side. In some cases, rim sherds which preserve enough to estimate their original diameter are illustrated in a restored drawing with a mirror image of the vase’s contour. On some two-handled vessels which preserve only one handle, a second may be restored, notably on kylikes and deep bowls; this will be indicated in the text of the catalog entry. However, in general, a broken line indicates a restoration. The following fragmentary vases are depicted in full or partial reconstruction profile drawings: 91, 104, 157, 195, 249, 252, 255, 275, 298, 308, 313, 334, 349, 350, 397, 417, 422, 423, 496, 539, 555-557, 562, 563, 627, 656, 696, 703, 704, 756, 757, 758, 767, 835, 838, 875, 1092, 1094, 1137, 1139, 1140, 1179.The carination or sharp angles, primarily on unpainted vases, are marked with a line on the left side of the drawing (e.g. 50, 59, 63), although in some cases, where the carination is ‘soft,’ this line may be omitted (e.g. 51, 56-58, 64). Lines on the left of unpainted vases may also indicate surface decorations, such as grooves (e.g. 66, 248), or notches (e.g. 253).

1.5 Illustrations of pottery Every cataloged specimen is illustrated by a black and white photograph and a profile drawing. The B side of 256 is shown in a rollout, while 539 is shown in a profile drawing and a reconstruction of its decorated zone. As noted above, some are also illustrated with a color photograph, indicated with a catalog number written in boldface italics in Chapters 2 and 3. Photographs normally show only the exterior view. When both the interior and exterior views are shown, the caption for the image is marked with EX (exterior) and IN (interior). If only the interior is shown, it is marked as such for clarity (e.g. 236).

9

Chapter 2

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery of the north wall, in square D1, a kylix (24), a lowstemmed cup (55), a small stirrup jar (429), and a large stirrup jar (413) were found together. Just to their east, were a fine stemmed krater (256; Schilardi 1977: fig. 187β, in situ) and a straight-sided alabastron (345). Near the north end of the east wall were another three kylikes (unspecified in the notebooks), and another large stirrup jar (412). A third cluster was discovered near the south wall, just west of the short projecting wall, composed of a kylix (44) and two low-stemmed cups (50, 51). A pithos and tripod cooking pot were also found here. Finally, an intact semiglobular cup (89), perhaps an import from Attica, was discovered inside a pithos, in the room’s northwest corner.

Context 1. Storeroom 1 Storeroom 1, located within grid squares C1 and D1, measures 7.50 by 3.50 meters and is the largest of three rooms built in a row along the inner face of the southernmost wall of the Koukounaries Hill’s Mycenaean building complex (Figures 1, 7; for preliminary reports, see Schilardi 1977: 366-369; Schilardi 1979: 159-160; Schilardi 1984: 188-189). The room was entered from a door near its northwest corner, at the base of a flight of steps, located in square C2 (Figure 6). The flight of stairs in C2 thus led to a room located above Storeroom 1. A short wall projecting from the southern wall into the room’s interior might have functioned as a ceiling support (Schilardi 1977: pl. 187α).

Based on the location of the pithoi and clusters of FB and TB pottery discovered in the ash layer, it may be possible to reconstruct how the basement of this storeroom was originally organized. As noted here, the clusters of vases, comprised mostly of kylikes and lowstemmed cups, were found near the walls, especially the north wall in D1, and the south wall, just west of the short, spur wall projecting into the room, but above the floor. Perhaps this indicates that they and the other vases, including stirrup jars and a krater, were stored on wooden shelves, attached to the walls, whose burning would also account in part for the quantity of ash and charcoal found in the destruction level. The pithoi may have been set around the room, on the floor, except along the east side, where a covered drain was located (shown on the plan in Figure 1).

The stratigraphic sequence within Storeroom 1 can be summarized as follows (see also Schilardi 1977: fig. 2). Below the surface crust is a stratum that contained a scatter of Mycenaean pottery, but with no architectural associations. This pottery differs significantly from the ceramics of the main phase and represents a reoccupation of the site after the destruction of the Mycenaean building complex, the subject of Chapter 3. Immediately below is a layer of hard-packed soil, which contained a mixture of schist slabs, burned mud brick, rubble stones, plaster, pithoi, FB and TB pottery, sea shells, querns, and various small finds. A cluster of pottery belonging to this stratum was discovered near the middle of square C1, composed of one kylix (10), two low-stemmed cups (72, 73), three deep bowls (121, 125, 203), one spouted deep bowl (254), one kalathos (264), one large collar-necked jar (308), one rounded alabastron (334), one three-legged straight-sided alabastron (359), and one stirrup jar (434). At the bottom of this level, the hard-packed soil gives way to a thick deposit of ash mixed with numerous small pieces of carbonized wood and seeds. The mud brick and rubble stones are largely absent here, although the schist slabs continue to occur. This ash layer, strata 3-4, also contained pithoi and the largest quantities of TB and FB ceramics, most of which were found in square D1 (Schilardi 1977: pl. 187α, β; Schilardi 1979: fig. 7).

Less than a square meter of the actual floor was preserved, notably in the southern part of the C1/D1 baulk (stratum 5). Composed of hard-packed earth, it was severely damaged by the collapse of the upper floor’s schist slabs, many of which fell vertically or diagonally into the floor (Schilardi 1979: fig. 7). Indeed, no intact or restorable vases were discovered on the floor itself; only relatively small amounts of sherds. The bedding for this floor was composed of a softer earth, with a mixture of small stones and even fewer ceramics. Immediately below, a slab covered drain running northsouth along the east side of the room, was cut into the bedrock, with an outlet through the lowest course of the southern wall (Koehl 2018a: pl. 22.6).

The pithoi appear to be concentrated along the north, west, and south walls of the room. Several clusters of fine ware ceramics, composed primarily of kylikes, were also discovered near the walls. On the east side

According to the stratigraphic sequence outlined here, the following conclusions might be drawn. Below stratum 1, i.e., the reoccupation stratum, the uppermost level, stratum 2 is comprised of debris from 10

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

the upper floor room located above the basement, reached by the staircase in square C2. It appears that its walls were constructed of mud brick and rubble stones covered with white lime plaster. Its floor was paved with schist slabs, probably supported by wooden beams. The burned condition of the mud bricks in this layer and the thick deposit of ash covering the basement floor below, strata 3-4, provide clear evidence that the building complex was destroyed in a fire, whose intensity would have been fueled by the olive oil that was undoubtedly stored in many of the pithoi on both floors. The collapse of the stone slab upper floor may account for the destroyed condition of the basement’s packed earthen floor, stratum 5, as well as for the large number of cross-joins between the sherds from strata of the upper and lower stories.

19.51); three thick lines; narrow bands near base of bowl; paint on handle attachment. Context: D1, 2. Comments: The profile, ware, and painted decoration are unusual; perhaps an import. For this motif on an LH IIIB:1 kylix from Deiras, see Deshayes 1966: 65, no. DV 81, pl. 66.3. For its use on an LH IIIC Middle deep bowl from Eleona, see Morricone 1967: 42, no. 4, fig. 13.E 319. For its occurrence on a straight-sided alabastron from Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 434, no. 1744 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 946, no. 23, fig. 385.23, dated to LH IIIC Middle). Rounded conical kylix (FS 258/274) (K851/P550). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment from rim to stem, missing handles, two thirds of rim, three quarters of body, all of base. H. 11.6; est. rim d. 13.5. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Painted fired red to reddish yellow (2.5YR 5/8-5YR 6/8). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: monochrome streaked. Context: C1 2, 3, D1 3, C1/D1 3. 2

Originally this storeroom contained a minimum of 748 vases. Of these, nine were made in CR ware, nine in WW, 64 in TB ware and the remaining 666 in FB ware (see Appendix 2a). The latter comprised a total of 44 different shapes (small, medium and large sized vases are counted separately), though 22 of these are represented by a single specimen (“singletons’ are discussed in chapter 4). The largest category of vases is the deep bowl, represented by a minimum of 178 examples. Next in quantity is the kylix, with a minimum of 97, followed by the low-stemmed cup, with 57 specimens; two fragments could belong to either shape. Together, they total 156 drinking vessels. If the other cups from the room are added (12 deep semiglobular, one semiglobular, one shallow angular, one cylindrical), the total of 171 vases, presumably drinking vessels, becomes nearly equal to the 178 deep bowls (for residue analyses of drinking vases see Tzedakis and Martlew 1999: 155, 168). While it is possible that the deep bowl was another kind of drinking vase, as some residue analyses have suggested (Tzedakis and Martlew 1999: 185), other analyses suggest that they contained pulses or cereals (Tzedakis and Martlew 1999: 122). However, based on their near parity of proportions it is reasonable to imagine that their functions were symbiotic, not redundant. In the absence of platters (save one possible specimen, 274), perhaps the deep bowls were used for consuming more solid food, such as stews (also discussed in Chapter 4.5).

(K417/P10). Rounded conical kylix. Complete profile; missing small fragments of rim and body. H. 17.3; rim d. 16.5; base d. 7.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark brown to reddish yellow (7.5YR 3/2-7.5 YR 6/6). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: line on rim; UP upper body; monochrome from lower body to base; band on handles. Context: C1 3, D1 3,4. Comments: This system of decoration appears on kylikes in Lefkandi, Phase 1b; see Popham et al. 2006: 142, fig. 2.3.6-8, pl. 27.3 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 187.3; Mountjoy 1999a: 714, no. 72, fig. 274.72, dated to LH IIIC Developed). For a similar one from Rhodes, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1061, no. 234, fig. 434.23, dated to LH IIIC Early- Middle (developed). For a conical kylix from Maa-Palaiokastro, Cyprus with this system of decoration, see Karageorghis and Demas 1988: pl. CXCII:418; dated by Kanta to LH IIIC Early (Kanta 2003: 529). 3

(K391/P56/PM2026). Rounded conical kylix. Complete profile; missing fragments of rim and body. H. 16.2; rim d. 16.5; base d. 7.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 3. Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 186γ (right); Schilardi 1984: 192, fig. 6d (right). 4

OPEN SHAPES Conical kylix (FS 274) 1

(K116/P360). Conical kylix. Fragment from rim to lower body with one lower handle attachment. H. 11.0; est. rim d. 17.0 FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark brown to reddish yellow (7.5YR 3/4-5YR 6/8). IN: monochrome, streaked. EX: line on rim; double stem and tongue pattern (FM

5

11

(K428/P123). Rounded conical kylix. Complete profile; missing fragments of rim and body. H.17.1; rim d. 17.4; base d. 7.5. FB (10YR 7/6, yellow; core:

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

5YR 8/4, pink). Yellow slip (10YR 7/6). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 2, 3, 5.

Context: D1 4. (K866/P565). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim with upper handle attachment. H. 3.8; est. rim d. 16.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). White slip (7.5YR N8/). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: uneven band on rim; band on handle. Context: C1 2. 13

(K407/P90). Rounded conical kylix. Nearly complete profile; missing fragments from rim, handles, body, and base. H. 14.2; rim d. 15.9; base d. 7.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Smoothed IN and EX. UP. Context: D1 2, 3. 6

(K505/P182). Rounded conical kylix. Joining and non-joining fragments from rim to stem. H. 12.7; est. rim d. 18.0. FB, SM (10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 3. 14

(K504/P181). Rounded conical kylix. Nearly complete profile; missing one third of rim and body, both handles. H. 17.5; est. rim d. 20.0; base d. 7.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10 YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: C1/D1 2, C1 3, D1 3, 4. 7

(K852/P551). Rounded conical kylix. Joining and non-joining fragments from one third of rim and upper body. H. 9.1; est. rim d. 17.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Brown paint (7.5YR 4/2). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim. Context: C1/D1 2, D1 2, 5. 15

(K675/P363). Rounded conical kylix. Missing half of rim, one handle, fragments from upper body, all of stem. H. 9.1; rim d. 17.1. FB (7.5 YR 8/4 pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Paint fired dark brown to yellowish red (7.5YR 3/2-5YR 5/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C1 4. 8

(K460/P162). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 7.8. est. rim d. 15.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: UP. Context: D1 2, 4. 16

(K850/P549). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and one handle. H. 4.5; est. rim d. 14.1. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5 YR 5/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C1/D1, 2, 3. 9

(K877/P579). Rounded conical kylix? Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.9; w. 3.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/6, yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Thick line on rim; perhaps stemmed spiral (FM 51). Context: C1 2. 17

(K197/P158). Rounded conical kylix. One quarter of rim and body to top of stem, with one lower handle attachment. H. 10.5. Est. rim d. 17.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired very dusky red to red (2.5YR 2.5/2-4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paint on lower handle attachment. Context: C1 3, 4. 10

(K819/P517). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.5; est. rim d. 14.7. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Reddish yellow paint (5YR 6/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D1 3. 18

(K860/P559). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body with one handle. H. 8.6; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: band on handle. Context: D1 2, 3, 4. 11

12

(K150/P77/PM2114). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of lower body with stem, base, one lower handle attachment. H. 13.0; base d. 6.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dark brown to red (7.5YR 2/2-2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: drip on lower handle attachment; band on edge of base. Context: D1 4. 19

(K869/P568). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and upper two thirds of one handle. H. 4.7; w. 7.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band on handle. 12

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Comments: For a complete profile (minus the handles) and system of decoration, see 464.

Context: D1 3. Comments: This kylix seems also to have been painted in the ‘Zygouries’ style; see 23.

Angular kylix (FS 267/274)

(K145/P184/PM2115). Kylix. Fragment of lower body with stem and most of base. H. 10.3; base d. 7.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: C1 4, D1 4. 25

(K499/P176). Angular kylix. Missing two thirds of rim and body, one handle, most of stem. H. 11.0; rim d. 14.8. FB (5YR 7/8, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). Paint fired reddish brown to dusky red (2.5YR 4/4-3/2). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 2, 4. Comments: For a monochrome angular kylix from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1999a: 918, no. 145, fig. 373.145, dated to LH IIIC Early (= Mountjoy 2007b: fig. 8.25. I.358). 20

(K795/P493). Kylix. Fragment of stem, entire base. H. 4.2; base d. 7.8. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/6). Monochrome. Context: D1 2. 26

(K506/P183). Angular kylix. Fragment of rim and body with one handle. H. 8.0; est. rim d. 12.9. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: C1 2, 3. 21

(K799/P497). Kylix. Fragment of stem, most of base. H. 3.5; base d. 7.8. FB (5YR 7/8, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Monochrome. Context: C1/D1 2. 27

(K686/P375). Angular kylix. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6; est. d. rim 15.8. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: wavy band on vertical upper bowl; monochrome below. Context: D1 1, 2. Comments: The decoration on this kylix is unique here and has yielded no parallels.

(K797/P495). Kylix. Fragment of stem, most of base. H. 2.5; base d. 7.3. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). Monochrome. Context: D1 3.

22

28

(K149/P79/PM2116b). Kylix. Lower stem, entire base. H. 4.0; base d. 7.6. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). Band on edge of base. Context: D1 4. Comments: Perhaps like 464. 29

Kylix, type indeterminate (K146/P75/PM2113). Kylix. Fragment from lower body to base. H. 9.9; base d. 8.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). EX: tip of two vertical parallel lines on lower body; paneled zigzag (FM 75.38) on stem. Context: D1 4. Comments: The vertical paneled decoration on the lower body and stem is typical of the so-called LH IIIB:1 Zygouries style kylix (Mountjoy 1986: 115). However, its appearance in this assemblage, as well as at Phylakopi in phases 2b to 3c, is more likely due to an archaizing strain in these ceramic assemblages than to the survival of a centuries’ old heirloom (Koehl 2018a). For Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 178, no. 170, fig. 5.15.170 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 141.10); Mountjoy 2007b: 350, fig. 8.25.453, pl. 38f. Also discussed in Chapter 5.3. 23

24

(K825/P523). Kylix. Fragment of stem, half of base. H. 5.2; base d. 6.9. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Band on edge of base. Context: D1 4, C1/D1 2. Comments: Perhaps like 464. 30

(K826/P524). Kylix. Fragment of base. H. 1.5; est. base d. 7.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Band on edge of base. Context: D1 4. Comments: Perhaps like 464. 31

32

(K884/P586). Kylix. Fragment from lower body to base. H. 11.0; est. base d. 7.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/4). Vertical panel of quirks. 13

(K800/P498). Kylix. Fragment of stem, most of base. H. 4.0; base d. 9.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Very dark brown paint (10YR 2/2). Solid or band on lower stem; narrow band and wide band on base.

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: C1 7.

Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/8). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 4.

(K798/P496). Kylix. Fragment of stem, most of base. H. 2.9; base d. 7.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Band on lower stem; three even, narrow bands on base. Context: D1 4. 33

(K822/P520). Kylix. Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 5.7; w. 4.4. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Monochrome lower body and stem. Context: D1 4. Comments: Perhaps like 3. 41

(K144/P78/PM2116a). Kylix. Fragment of stem, entire base. H. 2.5; base d. 6.6. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Solid or band on lower stem; two narrow bands on base. Context: D1 4. 34

(K823/P521). Kylix. Fragment of stem and base. H. 4.5; w. 5.4. FB (5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Monochrome. Context: D1 1. 42

(K824/P522). Kylix. Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 4.6; w. 4.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C1/D1 2. 43

(K508/P185). Kylix. Fragment of stem and base. H. 3.4; base d. 9.0. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 4. 35

(K829/P527). Kylix. Fragment of base. H. 2.2; base d. 7.2. CR (2.5YR 5/2, weak red; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Weak red slip (2.5YR 5/2). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 3. Comments: This is one of the rare examples of a kylix made in CR ware. For other examples, see Chapter 4; also, Appendix 2.

(K160/P120). Kylix Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 8.0; w. 7.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: UP. Context: D1 3.

36

44

(K864/P563). Kylix. Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 2.7; w. 6.0. FB (7.5YR N6/, gray; core: 7.5YR N5/, gray). Gray slip (7.5YR N6/). Very dark brown paint (10YR 2/2). IN: band; solid circle on bottom; drip between band and solid circle. EX: monochrome lower body and stem. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: The banded decoration on the IN is unusual and unparalleled in this assemblage. 45

(K678/P366). Kylix. Fragment of stem and base. H. 6.8; w. 4.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Three bands on stem; edge of line or band on base. Context: C1/D1 3. 37

(K410/P93). Kylix. Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 5.0; w. 5.6. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Lower edge of narrow panel with horizontal fill; three lines on lower body; two bands on stem. Context: D1 3. 38

(K818/P516). Kylix. Two non-joining body sherds (largest is illustrated). H. (largest sherd) 3.8; w. 7.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Vertical whorl-shell (FM 23). Context: D1 10, 11. Comments: For discussion of whorl-shells on kylikes in this assemblage see Chapter 5.3. 46

(K677/P365). Kylix. Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 4.3; w. 4. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired black to dusky red (5YR 2.5/1-2.5YR 3/2). Three lines on lower body; band on stem. Context: D1 2. 39

40

Kylix? 47

(K169/P115). Kylix. Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 4.8. w. 4.5. FB (7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). 14

(K833/P543). Kylix? Small fragment of rim with one third of body. H. 8.2; w. 9.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to reddish yellow (5YR 3/3-5/6).

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

IN: thick line on rim; reserved line; wide band; wider reserved line; thick line. EX: band on rim; band on mid-body. Context: D1 3, 4. Comments: The identification of this fragment as a kylix is provisional. It may come from a low-stemmed cup, FS 267 (see below), to judge from its narrow taper. However, based on the very small preserved section, the rim seems to flare like a cup, such as 81 or 89, although its lower body does tapers like a stemmed vessel. Its decoration is also unusual and unparalleled among the kylikes and cups in this assemblage.

base d. 6.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 1, 2, 3. (K198/P109). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of upper body, with two thirds of rim, lower handle attachment, top of stem. H. 7.0; rim d. 11.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; solid paint on lower body, at join with stem; paint on lower handle attachment. Context: C1 2, D1 3. Comments: For a low-stemmed cup from Thorikos with this system of decoration, perhaps dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1995a: 206, no. 58, fig. 5.58 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 560, no. 287, fig. 205.287). 53

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) (K122/P58/PM2034). Low-stemmed cup. Complete profile; missing fragments of body and two thirds of base. H. 11.2; rim d. 13.0; est. base d. 6.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; monochrome base; handle outlined. Context: D1 4. Comments: For a discussion of the system of decoration used here and its possible predecessors in Attica, see Chapter 6. 48

(K408/P91/PM2246). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of upper body, with three quarters of rim, handle, upper stem. H. 9.3; rim d. 12.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish yellow to dark reddish brown (5YR 7/6-2.5/2). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: line on rim; solid stem, with drip. Context: D1 3, 4. Comments: See 53. 54

(K138/P125). Low-stemmed cup. Complete profile; missing fragments of rim and body; with five non-joining rim sherds. H. 9.2; rim d. 12.5; base d. 5.1. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base; band on handle. Context: D1 2, 3. 49

(K498/P175). Low-stemmed cup. One third of rim, half of upper body, handle attachments, upper stem. H. 9.6; rim d. 12.0. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; paint on lower body, onto stem; paint drip on upper handle attachment. Context: D1 2. Comments: See 53. 55

(K405/P88/PM2248). Low-stemmed cup. Complete profile; missing one fourth of rim and body. H. 9.0; rim d. 11.5; base d. 8.3. FB, M (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a low-stemmed cup from Thorikos with a similar profile, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1995a: 219, no. 153, fig. 15.153. Publication: Schilardi 1977: 376, pl. 186γ (left); Schilardi 1984: 193, fig. 5d (left). 50

(K509/P186). Low-stemmed cup. Nearly complete profile; missing two thirds of rim and body, upper part of handle, one quarter of base. H. 9.9; rim d. 10.0; base d. 6.4. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 2. Comments: For a low-stemmed cup from Thorikos with a similar profile, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1995a: 219, no. 154, fig. 15.154. 56

(K406/P89). Low-stemmed cup. Complete profile, missing one fourth of rim and fragments of body. H. 10.8; rim d. 13.0; base d. 6.0. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 3. 51

52

(K510/P187). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment from rim to stem; missing handle and base. H. 9.7; est. rim d. 11.5. FB (5YR 6/6-10YR 8/4, reddish yellow to very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow to very pale brown slip (5YR 6/610YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 5, C1 3. 57

(K654/P338). Low-stemmed cup. Nearly complete profile; missing upper handle attachment, small fragments of rim and body. H.11.6; rim d. 13.6; 15

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

(K512/P189). Low-stemmed cup. Joining and nonjoining fragments with two thirds of rim, handle; missing stem. H. 5.4; rim d. 9.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: C1/D1 3, 4.

pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: C1 4. Comments: Like 59, this low-stemmed cup has a particularly deep rim, which may be a distinguishing feature of this shape in the Central Cyclades. For an intact example from Kamini, Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: pl. 65.1793. For examples from Phylakopi, probably from phase 2b, see Mountjoy 1985: 192, nos. 353, 354, fig. 5.20.353, 354; 197, no. 395, fig. 5.24.395 (= Mountjoy 1984: 238, fig. 8.395). See also 65, 469 and discussions in Chapters 4.3, 5.4.

58

(K517/P194). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.3; est. rim d. 12.0. FB (7.5YR 7/47.5YR 6/4, pink to light brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink to light brown slip (7.5YR 7/4-6/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: C1 6. Comments: This example has a particularly deep rim. For similar a one from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 192, no. 350, fig. 5.20.350, pl. 21.350. For an example from Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 428, no. 1814, fig. 30.1814, pl. 77.1814. For an example from Thorikos, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1995a: 219, no. 153, fig. 15.153. See also 64, 65, 469 and discussions in Chapter 4.3, 5.4. 59

(K514/P191). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.3; est. rim d. 12.0. FB, M (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: See 64. 65

(K515/P192). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.3; est. rim d. 12.5. FB, M (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. Groove at junction of rim and body. UP. Context: D1 3. Comments: From its location at the join of the rim and body, the groove was probably an intentional decorative flourish to emphasize the distinction between these two parts. This also occurs on 479. 66

(K858/P557). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and upper body with handle. H. 6.3; est. rim d. 12.3. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired black to strong brown (7.5YR N2/-5/6). IN: monochrome shaded. EX: lines along edges of handle. Context: D1 2, 3, 4. 60

(K859/P558). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.6; est. rim d. 10.3. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired brown to yellowish red (7.5YR 4/4-5YR 5/8). IN: monochrome shaded. EX: thick line on rim. Context: C1 3, 4, C1/D1 2, 3, D1 4.

(K516/P193). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.3; est. rim d. 11.4. FB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/8-N5/, red to gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 3.

61

67

(K518/P195). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment from lower body to base. H. 6.2; base d. 7.0. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 3. 68

(K868/P567). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim with handle and body. H. 8.1; w. 7.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: uneven band on handle. Context: C1/D1 3. 62

(K849/P548). Low-stemmed cup? Fragment of stem and base. H. 3.3; est. base d. 6.5. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/3, pink). White slip (10YR 8/1). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). Lower edge of band or monochrome on stem; band on base. Context: D1 3. Comments: This base might belong to a rounded conical kylix. 69

(K873/P575). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.6; est. rim d. 10.8. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim. Context: C1/D1 2. 63

64

70

(K511/P188). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment from upper body, missing one third of rim, handle, and stem. H. 7.2; rim d. 10.2. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very 16

(K828/P526). Low-stemmed cup? Fragment of base. H. 1.4; base d. 6.3. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome.

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Context: C1 4. Comments: This base might belong to a rounded conical kylix.

brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C1/D1 2.

(K862/P561). Low-stemmed cup.? Fragment from lower body to base. H. 3.7; est. base d. 6.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark brown to strong brown (7.5YR 3/2-4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: This base might belong to a rounded conical kylix.

Kylix or low-stemmed cup

71

(K519/P198). Kylix or low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and handle. H. 2.5; w. 4.9.CR, M (10R 4/8, red; core: 10R 4/1, dark reddish gray). Red slip (10R 4/8). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: D1 2. Comments: Note that the ware is CR. See 36. 78

Semiglobular cup (FS 211)

(K260/P571). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of stem and base. H. 2.6; w. 3.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/4). Edge of band on base. Context: C1 2. 72

(K809/P507). Semiglobular cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.8; max w. 4.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: band on rim. EX: dot row on rim; band; zone of connected semicircles, FM 43.35 and/or concentric arcs, FM 44. Context: C1 4. Comments: The closest parallels for the profile and dotted rim decoration are LM IB/LH IIA cups from Kythera and Phylakopi. For Kythera, see Coldstream and Huxley 1972: pls. 35.1, 38.1, 53.140; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1999a: 900, nos. 33. 34, fig. 365. 33, 34. The shoulder motif of connected semicircles, FM 43.35, however, belongs in LH IIIC. These apparently conflicting elements might be understood in the context of ‘archaizing’ pottery, as discussed in Chapter 5.3. 79

(K195/P117). Low-stemmed cup. Base sherd. H. 2.2; base d. 6.9. FB (7.5YR 6/2, pinkish gray; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Pinkish gray slip (7.5YR 6/2). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: C1 3. 73

(K827/P525). Low-stemmed cup? Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 3.5. W. 4.0. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). Monochrome. Context: D1 4. Comments: Possibly from a monochrome stemmed bowl, FS 305; for a parallel, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 18.8 (I owe this suggestion to J.B. Rutter, pers. comm.). 74

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215) (K404/P85/PM2245). Deep semiglobular cup. Complete profile; missing one third of rim and body. H. 8.8; rim d. 12.5; base d. 5.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired strong brown to black (7.5YR 4/6-5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: uneven thick line on rim; band on belly, below lower handle attachment; band on base; band on handle. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a similarly painted cup from Eleona, tomb 23, see Morricone 1967: 83, no. 1, fig. 60. Cups with similar banding, dated to LH IIIC Early, occur at the Menelaion in Laconia (Catling 2009: 176, nos. PE 235, PE 238, PE 240, PE 244; fig. 238, nos. PE 235, PE 238, PE 240, PE 244) and at Ayios Stephanos (Mountjoy 1999a: 283, no. 192, fig. 96; the band here is below the rim; cf. 83). According to J.B. Rutter (pers. comm), this system of banding is not attested until LH IIIC Middle in Attica (e.g. Mountjoy 1999a: 596, no. 458, and n. 755; fig. 222.458) and occurs only sporadically in the Argolid (Kardamaki 2009: 242, n. 556). Publication: Schilardi 1984: 193, fig. 6h. 80

(K831/P529). Low-stemmed cup? Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 5.1; w. 4.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired black to strong brown (7.5YR N2/-5/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C1/D1 3. Comments: See 74. 75

(K871/P573). Low-stemmed cup? Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 4.2; w. 5.8. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red and red (5YR 5/6, 2.5YR 4/6). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 74. 76

77

(K865/P564). Low-stemmed cup? Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 5.9; w. 6.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale 17

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

(K403/P84/PM2244). Deep semiglobular cup. Complete profile; missing one third of rim and body. H. 8.1; rim d. 12.3; base d. 4.2. FB (5YR 8/2 pinkish white; core: 5YR 8/1, white). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). IN: monochrome. EX: band on handle. Context: D1 3.

pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired red to very dusky red (2.5YR 4/6-2.5/2). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: uneven thick line on rim; blob on handle. Context: C1 4. Comments: For the profile, see 84. For a similarly painted deep semiglobular cup from Kynos, East Lokris, see Dakoronia 2003: fig. 29.

81

(K234/P570). Deep semiglobular cup. Complete profile; missing small fragments from rim and body. H. 7.8; rim d. 12.5; base d. 5.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4 pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Slip fired white to light red (10YR 8/2-2.5YR 6/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: uneven thick line on rim; blob on handle near rim. Context: C1 4. D1 3, 4. Comments: This cup is very similar in profile and decoration to examples from Perati. See Iakovidis 1969: 28, no. 312, pl. 6δ.312; 54, no.1166, pl. 14β.1166; 275, no. 452, pl. 79α.452 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 576, no. 365, fig. 212.365, dated to LH IIIC Early). Notable and unusual, however, is the small central hollowing on the underside of its flat, raised base. 82

(K281/P506). Deep semiglobular cup. Fragment of rim and body with lower handle attachment. H. 6.0; w. 5.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark red paint (10R 3/6). IN: band below rim; two bands on belly. EX: band on rim; wavy band (?) on shoulder; line at lower handle attachment; solid paint on handle attachment. Context: D1 1, 2. Comments: For a deep semiglobular cup from Naxos with linear decoration on the IN and a wavy band on the EX, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 434, no. 1779 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 957, no. 56, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For specimens from Asine dated to LH IIIC Late, see Mountjoy 1999a: 186, nos. 427, 428, fig. 56.427, 428. For a cup from Thronos/Kephala, Crete, with a linear IN and a wavy band on the EX, dated to LM IIIC Late, see D’Agata 2003: 31, fig. 2.6. 87

(K167/P126). Deep semiglobular cup. Nearly complete profile; missing one third of rim and body, and all of handle. H. 6.9; rim d. 10.5; base d. 3.8. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; band. Context: D1 3. Comments: For similarly painted cups from the Granary at Mycenae, see Wace 1921-23: pl.11f, i. 83

(K867/P566). Deep semiglobular cup? Fragment with one third of rim and upper body, one handle. H. 6.4; est. rim d. 10.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; two bands enclose paneled ladder pattern (FM 75.37); lines along edges of handle. Context: D1 4. Comments: The decoration on this type of cup is unique in this assemblage, as are its dense inclusions, thick walls, and matte paint. While it might be a fragment from a low-stemmed cup, FS 267, as suggested by J.B. Rutter (pers. comm.), the same anomalies would obtain to that shape. 88

(K657/P341). Deep semiglobular cup. Missing half of rim, body, all of handle; lower attachment preserved. H. 8.3; est. rim d. 12.0; base d. 4.3 FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paint on lower handle attachment. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 82. 84

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 216)

(K176/P87). Deep semiglobular cup. Nearly complete profile; missing one third of rim and body; lower handle attachment preserved. H. 7.0; rim d. 10.7; base d. 3.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: UP. Context: D1 3, C1 4. 85

86

(K121/P57/PM2033). Deep semiglobular cup. Intact; missing small chips from rim. H. 7.1; rim d. 10.3; base d. 3.9. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Paint fired black and reddish yellow (2.5Y N2/, 7.5YR 6/6). IN: deep solid loops on each side of bowl. EX: deep solid loops on each side of body. Context: C1 4. Comments: The cup was apparently dipped into pigment while being held at the handle. There are numerous parallels from Perati. See Iakovidis 1969: 82, 89

(K658/P342). Deep semiglobular cup. Fragments from one third of rim and body, lower half of handle. H. 7.4. est. rim d. 12.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very 18

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

no. 589, pl. 26β.589; 83, no. 598, pl. 26β.598; 203, no. 711, pl. 60γ.711; 231, no. 1013, pl. 67β.1013; 334, no. 279, pl. 102γ.279; 360, no. 344, pl. 108β.344; 373-374, no. 471, pl. 111γ.471; 380, no.124, pl. 112γ.124 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 596, no. 459, fig. 222.459, dated to LH IIIC Middle); 403, no. 825, pl. 119γ.825; 454, no. 929, pl. 134δ.929; 458, nos. 965, 966, pl. 136γ.965, 966; pl. 137δ.728. For an example from Lefkandi, Phase 2b see Popham et al. 2006: 184, fig. 2.16.4, where it is classified as a ‘blob cup’ from its decoration. Spectrographic analysis suggests that this cup was imported from Attica (Appendix 1). See also Chapter 5.3. Publication: Schilardi 1984: 193, fig. 6i; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 44; Thomatos 2006: 115, no. 562.

core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim; circular band on bottom. EX: line on rim; band below rim; band on lower body; band on base; outlined upper and front edges of spout; band covers handle with reserved triangle at join with rim. Context: D1 3. Comments: This example and 485 are the best preserved specimens of the deep spouted cup in the entire assemblage and the only ones to preserve its complete profile. Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 186β (middle); Schilardi 1984: 193, fig. 6g; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 46 (left).

Shallow angular cup

(K414/P97/PM2253). Deep spouted cup. Fragment with approximately one quarter of rim and body, most of spout. H. 6.4; est. rim d. 12.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band below spout and band on lower body enclose groups of parallel, vertical lines (cf. foliate band, FM 64.22); outlined upper edges of spout; band on underside of spout at junction with body. Context: D1 2, 4. Publication: Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 46 (right). 93

(K635/P309). Shallow angular cup. Nearly complete profile, with two thirds of rim and body, complete base, lower handle attachment. H. 5.1; rim d. 10.2; base d. 2.8. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Smoothed IN and EX. UP. Context: D1 3, 4. Comments: For a parallel from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 381.10, fig. 63a. For examples from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: 142, fig. 2.3.3, pl. 17.6. 90

Mug (FS 226)

(K761/P466). Deep spouted cup. Spout with shoulder fragment. H. 4.0; w. 4.0; spout l. 5.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Outlined upper edges of spout. Context: D1 2. 94

(K158/P108). Mug. Joining and non-joining fragments from one third of rim and body, edge of base. H. 15.5; est. rim d. 15.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 3/25YR 5/6). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim; narrow band; band on mid body, painted over a band of parallel, horizontal ridges, and band on base, enclose two zones of parallel vertical line groups with semicircle borders (FM 75.29). Context: C1, D 2, 3, C1/D1 2, E1 4. Comments: While this type of cup appears in LH IIIC, it is infrequent (Mountjoy 1986: 147). This one seems to be a particularly large and wellmade example. For a similarly large and even more elaborately decorated mug from Tiryns, dated to LH IIIC Early 2, see Stockhammer 2011: 224, fig. 7, n. 1193; Stockhammer also discusses its social significance. 91

(K676/P364). Deep spouted cup. Joining and nonjoining fragments from approximately one third of rim; one large fragment from rim to mid-body with one handle. H. 10.7; est. rim d. 18.0. FB (5YR 7/8, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). White slip (10YR 8/1). Paint shaded red to reddish brown (2.5YR 4/8-2.5/4). IN: band on rim. EX: band below rim; band on lower body; two bands along handle converge at its bend. Context: D1 2, 3, 4, C1/D1 2. 95

(K691/P380). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body with handle. H. 7.8; w. 6.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band below rim. EX: band below rim; band on body, at lower handle attachment; bands along edges of handle. Context: D1 2. 96

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) 92

(K398/P65/PM2224). Deep spouted cup. Complete profile; missing fragments of body. H. 13.7; rim d. 17.0; base d. 6.7. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; 19

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

(K694/P384). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body with handle. H. 12.2; w. 6.7. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: line on rim; band below rim; band across lower handle attachment; wavy band down middle of handle. Context: D1 3.

of shoulder. H. 3.8; est. rim d. 9.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Painted shaded very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim with pendant joining semicircles, FM 42; band on junction of rim and shoulder. Context: D1 4. Comment: This is a rare example of a deep spouted cup with a patterned rim.

97

(K695/P385). Deep spouted cup. Joining and nonjoining fragments of body with lower handle attachment. H. 7.2; w. 10.3. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark brown to reddish brown (7.5YR 2/2-5YR 4/4). IN: lower edge of band from rim or below; band on belly. EX: band on junction of rim and shoulder and band at level of lower handle attachment enclose zone of parallel chevrons (FM 58.33); second band, below; band covers handle. Context: D1 2, 3, E1 12. 98

103 (K282/P382). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.4; w. 7.0. FB (7.5YR 6/4, light brown; core: 10YR 7/6, yellow). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Paint fired reddish brown to black (5YR 4/4-2.5/1). IN: band on rim. EX: uneven thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder and band enclose zone with wide, wavy band (FM 53). Context: South of C1 2. Comments: For a wavy band on a deep spouted cup from Langada, Kos, see Morricone 1967: 279, no. 11, fig. 313.645.

(K687/P376). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of handle and body. H. 5.2; w. 4.1. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Bands along edges of handle; band across lower handle attachment. Context: C1 3. 99

104 (K668/P353). Deep spouted cup. Joining and non-joining fragments from upper and midbody with approximately one third of rim. H. 6.8; est. rim d. 15.0 FB (10YR 8/3-5YR 7/6, very pale brown to reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Slip fired very pale brown to reddish yellow (10YR 8/3-5YR 7/6). Paint fired red to very dusky red (2.5YR 5/8-2.5/2). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder and band enclose zone of alternating groups of vertical, parallel lines (triglyphs, FM 75.1) and parallel chevrons (FM 58.34); edge of band. Context: D1 3, C1 4. Comments: This specimen seems more finely crafted than others of this type, with regards to the clay, lustrous paint, and meticulous zonal decoration.

100 (K174/P361). Deep spouted cup. Joining and non-joining fragments from approximately two thirds of rim, with fragments of shoulder, upper handle attachment. H. 5.8; rim d. 15.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; Band on junction of rim and shoulder; band along edges of handle. Context: D1 2. Comments: This example has a distinct carination at the junction of the neck and shoulder, as on 92.

105 (K688/P377). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.5; w. 4.7. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim; two bands below. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder and band below enclose zigzag (FM 61). Context: C1 5.

101 (K139/P100). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of approximately one third of rim, one quarter of upper body. H. 9.5; rim d. 15.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired dark red to reddish black (2.5YR 4/8-2/1). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; uneven band on junction of rim and shoulder; band on belly. Context: D1 3.

106 (K872/P574). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 7.5; w. 9.5. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark brown paint (10YR 2/2). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; band on belly.

102 (K172/P381). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of approximately one third of rim with small amount 20

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Context: D1 4.

113 (K689/P378). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 5.1; w. 3.6. FB (2.5Y N8/, white; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). White slip (2.5Y N8/). Yellowish brown paint (10YR 5/4). IN: lower edge of thick line or band. EX: two bands enclose wavy band (FM 53). Context: C1/D1 3.

107 (K878/P580). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and shoulder. H. 3.7; w. 5.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: band on rim. EX: band on junction of rim and shoulder; zigzag (FM 61), below. Context: C1/D1 2.

114 (K853/P552). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 5.7; w. 3.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 2.5/2-2.5YR 4/6). IN: band. EX: edge of thick line; two bands enclose isolated concentric semicircles in panel (FM 43.38). Context: D1 4. Comments: Similar painted decoration occurs on stemmed bowls in LH IIIB:1; see Mountjoy 2007b: 321, fig. 8.10.211, pl. 36b.211. For similar decoration on an LH IIIC deep bowl from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 312, fig. 8.6.92 (= Mountjoy 1984: 237, fig. 6.92).

108 (K760/P465). Deep spouted cup? Fragment of rim and shoulder. H. 2.6; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/6, yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dark brown to brownish yellow (10YR 2/2-6/8). Line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; upper edges of parallel vertical line group. Context: C1/D1 3. Comments: The profile and decoration are odd for this shape. J.B. Rutter thinks the fragment comes from a mug, FS 226 (pers. comm.) 109 (K863/P562). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and shoulder. H. 5.1; w. 4.8. FB (10YR 7/6, yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Yellow slip (10YR 7/6). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim; band at shoulder level. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; dotted bivalve shell (FM 25), or chevron (FM 58), below. Context: C1/D1 2.

Deep bowl (FS 284) 115 (K395/P62/PM2029). Deep bowl. Nearly complete; missing small fragments from rim and body. H. 8.1; rim d. 11.3; base d. 5.0. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Red slip (2.5YR 4/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 3. Comments: The ring base is unusual for deep bowls in this assemblage, as discussed in Chapter 4.3. For similar ones from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 1978: 478-480, fig 31.16, dated to LH IIIC Early; Podzuweit 1979: fig. 45.8, dated to LH IIIC Developed. For examples from Phylakopi, Phase 2b, see Mountjoy 1985: 185, no. 263, fig. 5.18.263 (= Mountjoy 1984: 234, fig. 5.263); Mountjoy 2007b: 355, fig. 8.29.477 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 181, fig. 375.181).

110 (K693/P383). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and shoulder. H. 5.8; w. 5.5. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray to very dark brown paint (10YR 3/12/2). Band on rim; wide wavy band on shoulder; two bands below. Context: D1 4. Comments: For an intact example with a similar decoration from Kamini tomb B, Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 383, no. 1846, fig. 28.1846, pl. 36.1846.

116 (K461/P163). Deep bowl. Nearly complete profile; missing one handle, top of second, fragments of rim, approximately one third of body. H. 11.3; rim d. 14.8; base d. 4.7. FB (7.5YR N3/, very dark gray; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very dark gray slip (7.5YR N3/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 4, 8. Comments: For monochrome deep bowls with a similar profile from Phylakopi, Phase 2a, see Mountjoy 1985: 165, no. 256, fig. 5.8.256; 185, nos. 263-268, fig. 5.18.263 (= Mountjoy 1984: fig. 5.263), fig. 5.18. 264 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 182, fig. 375.182), fig. 5.18.265-268.

111 (K879/P581). Deep spouted cup. Shoulder fragment. H. 3.3; w. 3.0. FB (5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: lower edge of thick line; band. EX: two bands enclose zigzag (FM 61). Context: C1/D1 2. 112 (K880/P582). Deep spouted cup. Shoulder fragment. H. 5.7; w. 4.6. FB (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 10YR 5/3, brown). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: parts of two bands. EX: uneven band; zigzag (FM 61), below. Context: D1 3. Comments: Traces of burning are visible on the surface.

117 (K137/P180/PM2122). Deep bowl. Nearly complete profile; missing one handle, fragments of rim and body. H. 10.5; rim d. 13.5; base d. 5.4. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 21

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; zone of stemmed spirals (FM 51.6); band; band on base; blob on top of handle; band around base of handle attachments. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a deep bowl with similar decoration from Langada, Kos, see Morricone 1967: 167.3, fig. 170.120 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1122, no. 181, fig. 461.181, dated to LH IIIC Middle). However, the bowl from Kos has a more pronounced flaring rim and sits on a ring base, whereas 117 has a raised, concave base, as is typical here. Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 186α (right); Schilardi 1984: 192, fig. 6b (upper); Thomatos 2006: 104, no. 498.

yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Paint shaded black to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/1-5/6). IN: line on rim; band; circular band on bottom. EX: line on rim and band at level of handle attachment define a zone with a triglyph and half-rosette pattern (close to FM 74.6) composed of antithetic spirals (FM 50), with vertical filling lines, flanking a doubly outlined panel with a fill of horizontal wavy line groups; blob on top of handle; band around base of handle attachments. Context: D1 4. Comments: The range in the color of the paint is probably due to the uneven firing conditions in the kiln. For a deep bowl from Eutresis, Boeotia, with similar IN and EX decoration, see Goldman 1931: fig. 260.13 (= Mountjoy 1983: 91. 99, fig. 37.99). For examples from Phylakopi, Phase 2a, see Mountjoy 1985: 165, nos. 206 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 920, no. 169, fig. 375.169); 165, no. 210, fig. 5.8.210. Similar patterned decoration also occurs on a ring-based krater from the Granary at Mycenae; see Wace 1921-23: 52, pl. 8a.

118 (K224/P152). Deep bowl. Compete profile; missing small fragments of rim and body. H. 11.4; rim d. 16.1; base d. 5.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/6, yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black to dusky red paint (10YR 2/1-2.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band on level of handle attachment; band on base; contour band on handles. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: For this system of decoration on deep bowls from Korakou, see Mountjoy 1999a: 228, no. 170, fig. 72.170, 234, no. 200, fig. 78.200; from the North Slope of the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1933: 368, no. 4, fig. 41b (= Mountjoy 1999a: 560, no. 295, fig. 206.295, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early). The main difference is the handle decoration. The bowls from Korakou and Athens have three splashes whereas the ones from Koukounaries have a contour band, though the three-splash system occurs on other deep bowls in this assemblage (see Chapter 4.3). Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 186α (left); Schilardi 1984: 192, fig. 6c.

121 (K120/P106/PM2247). Deep bowl. Complete profile; missing fragments of rim and body. H. 11.5; rim d. 14.5; base d. 6.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). IN: line on rim; band below rim; solid circle on bottom. EX: line on rim; band on level of handle attachment; band on base; contour band on handles. Context: C1 2. 122 (K894/P596). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 6.5; est. rim d. 11.2. FB (2.5Y 7/4, pale yellow). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Black paint (2.5Y N2/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: See 116. 123 (K242/P401). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 9.5. Est. rim d. 13.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 4. Comments: For a monochrome deep bowl from Phylakopi, Phase 2a, with a similar vertical upper body and straight rim, see Mountjoy 1985: 165, no. 257, fig. 5.8.257.

119 (K402/P83/PM2119). Deep bowl. Complete profile; missing fragments from one handle, small fragments of body. H. 10.8; rim d. 13.8; base d. 5.0. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: line on rim; narrow band, indistinct band on bottom. EX: zone of alternating triglyphs (FM 75.1) and isolated spirals (FM 52); band on lower body and base; blob on top of handle; band around base of handle attachments. Context: D1 3. Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 186α (left); Schilardi 1984: 192, fig. 6b (lower); Thomatos 2006: 104, no. 499.

124 (K421/P112). Deep bowl. Fragment from rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 7.7; est. rim d. 14.4. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired black to dusky red (5YR 2.5/1-2.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: monochrome with reserved area between handle attachments (visible in photograph).

120 (K147/P74/PM2111, PM2112). Deep bowl. Complete profile; missing fragments of rim, body, one handle. H. 11.2; rim d. 15.0; base d. 5.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish 22

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Context: D1 3. Comments: The reserved area between the handle attachments is a feature that occurs on LH IIIC Middle deep bowls. See Mountjoy 1986: fig. 231.2; Popham et al. 2006: 172, n. 12); see also 759. However, a reserved area behind the handles on monochrome deep bowls also occurs at Aigeira in all phases of LH IIIC (J.B. Rutter, pers. comm.).

130 (K706/P396). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.8; w. 4.1. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired black and red (7.5YR N2/, 2.5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: medium band on rim, jagged wavy line (FM 53.17 or 18). Context: C1 2. Comments: This is another example of a deep bowl with a particularly thick rim band.

125 (K187/P113). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.3; est. rim d. 13.3. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; two bands enclose a zone of uneven, carelessly drawn joining semicircles (FM 42). Context: C1 2.

131 (K245/P379). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.7; w. 6.7. WW (10YR 7/4, very pale brown). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; wavy band (FM 53.20) Context: D1 1, 2, 5. Comments: This is one of the few occurrences of WW in the ceramic assemblage of the main occupation phase. Most examples were found in the reoccupation phase (see Chapters 1, 3 and 5.4). It also has a relatively thick rim band, like 127 and 130. For discussion of WW in the main occupation phase assemblages, see Chapters 1.3, 4.3, and 5.4.

126 (K751/P457). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 6.2; w. 5.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (10YR 3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; spiral. Context: D1 3. Comment: The motif might be a running spiral, FM 46.57, linked, however, by a double line.

132 (K709/P399). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.7; w. 2.7. FB (10YR 8/3. very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim; wavy band (FM 53). Context: D1 2. Comments: The rim band on this bowl is exceptionally thick and the paint is particularly streaky on the IN and EX. For deep bowls with a medium rim band, see 127, 130, 131.

127 (K716/P408). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.4. est. rim d. 15.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/3, pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint fired black to brown (10YR 2/1-4/3). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: medium band on rim; antithetic spiral with central triglyph (FM 50.4). Context: D1 3. Comments: Note the particularly thick band on the rim.

133 (K735/P440). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.9; est. rim d. 13.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled pattern (FM 75.3, with joining semicircles). Context: D1 2.

128 (K248/P388). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.5; w. 6.3. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim and band enclose zone of stemmed spirals (FM 51.23) in triglyph panels (FM 75.1). Context: D1 6, 9, 12. Comments: Cf. 119 for similar decoration.

134 (K412/P95). Deep bowl. Two non-joining fragments from rim and body. H. 5.1; est. rim d. 16.0 FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/4). IN: monochrome. EX: possible ladder pattern triglyph (FM 75.36) from which emerge vertical rows of flattened loops; dot rows cross inside the loops and vertical dot rows connect the loops at their outer edge. Context: C1 1, D1 4. Comments: This motif lacks precise parallels but may be a variation of the triglyph and half-rosette, FM 74.

129 (K696/P386). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.8; w. 4.5; est. rim d. 11.1. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 5/4, brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Paint fired yellowish red and black (5YR 5/6, 5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: line on rim; band below rim; jagged wavy line (FM 53.17 or 18). Context: D1 2. 23

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

135 (K699/P389). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.7; est. rim d. 14.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; two vertical lines with circle on top. Context: D1 1. Comments: The motif may be another version of a triglyph and half rosette (FM 74); cf. 227.

140 (K731/P436). Deep bowl. Approximately one third of rim, half of body, above base, with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 10.2; rim d. 15.9. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: thick line on rim; band on level of lower handle attachments; contour band on handle. Context: D1 2, 3, 5. Comments: See 118.

136 (K717/P409). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.0; w. 6.2. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Dark reddish brown and yellowish red paint (5YR 3/4, 5YR 5/8). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band below rim; curved line from unidentifiable motif overlaps lower edge of band. Context: C1 5, 6, 7. Comments: The sharply everted rim is unusual for a deep bowl and outside of the examples from this assemblage, does not have close parallels (discussed further in Chapter 4.3).

141 (K730/P435). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 7.7; est. rim d. 16.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: thick line on rim; band on level of lower handle attachments; contour band on handle. Context: D1 3 Comments: See 118. 142 (K454/P153). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle. H. 8.0; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired from black to dark brown (7.5YR N2/-3/4). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; band on level of lower handle attachments; blob on top of handle; curved, tapering loop around outside of handle attachments. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 118. Note, however, the vertical upper body and straight rim; cf. 123.

137 (K419/P110/PM2259). Deep bowl. About one third of rim and body, with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 9.2; rim d. 13.8. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired red to black (2.5YR 4/8-N2.5/). IN: monochrome, shaded red to black. EX: thick line on rim; band on level of lower handle attachments; contour band on handle. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 118.

143 (K768/P425). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.7; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red to black (5YR 5/6-2.5/1). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D1 2.

138 (K729/P434). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 7.4; est. rim d. 13.5. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired black to strong brown (7.5YR N2/-5/6). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: band on level of lower handle attachments; contour band on handle. Context: D1 1, 3. Comments: See 118.

144 (K732/P437). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.3; est. rim d. 14.0. FB (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim. Context: D1 3. Comments: For the medium rim band, see 127, 130, 131, 132.

139 (K728/P433). Deep bowl. Fragment with one quarter of rim, one third of body, above base, one handle (second handle restored in drawing); nonjoining fragment from rim to lower body. H. 9.3; rim d. 15.9. FB (7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band on level of lower handle attachments; contour band on handle. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: See 118.

145 (K733/P438). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.7, est. rim d. 16.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim. Context: D1 2. Comments: See 144. 24

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

146 (K783/P481). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.4; w. 2.2. FB (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5YR 5/3, reddish brown). Light reddish brown slip (5YR 6/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: monochrome. Context: C1 3. Comments: For the reserved IN rim line on monochrome deep bowls from Corinth, including one with a reserved EX line on the lower body, see Rutter 1979: 362, no. 11, 373, no. 74, fig. 5.11, 74 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 240, no. 220, fig. 20). For the chronological significance of the reserved IN rim line on deep bowls, see Rutter 1979: 362; discussed in Chapter 5.4.

Comments: For a similar IN and EX rim decoration on a deep bowl from Korakou, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 227.5. 152 (K778/P476). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.8; w. 2.2. FB, M (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D1 2. 153 (K779/P477). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.1; w. 4.0. FB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D1 3.

147 (K784/P482). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.6; w. 1.8. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N7/, light gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: monochrome. Context: C1 2. Comments: See 146.

154 (K737/P442). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.8; w. 1.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; vertical whorl-shell (FM 23). Context: D1 3. Comments: The vertical whorl-shell is not a common motif on deep bowls. For an example from Phylakopi, Phase 2a, see Mountjoy 1985: 165, no. 11, fig. 5.8.11. For LH IIIB:1 example from Eutresis, see Goldman 1931: fig. 260.5 (= Mountjoy 1983: 91, no. 102, fig. 37.102; Mountjoy 1986: fig. 143.5). On the frequency of the whorl-shell in this ceramic assemblage, see Chapters 4.3 and 5.3. For the most complete example of a deep bowl with whorlshells, in this case horizontal, see 659.

148 (K774/P472). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.5; w. 3.0. FB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 5/6 strong brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: monochrome. Context: C1 2. Comments: See 146. 149 (K781/P479). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.2; w. 3.3. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: monochrome. Context: C1 2 Comments: See 146.

155 (K163/P555). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.75; w. 2.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; isolated semicircles in panel pattern (FM 43.22). Context: D1 3 Comments: For similar everted rim, see 136; also discussed in Chapter 4.3. For the decoration, see 114.

150 (K777/P475). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.7; w. 2.4. FB (5YR 7/1, light gray; core: 2.5YR 4/6, red). Light gray slip (5YR 7/1). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: horizontal zigzag (FM 61). Context: D1 3. Comments: This is a rare example of a deep bowl with a monochrome IN, reserved rim line, and a patterned EX. For a parallel, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 227.6, dated to LH IIIC Middle. See also Chapter 5.4.

156 (K803/P501). Deep bowl? Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.5; w. 3.4. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). IN: thick line on rim; two close-set narrow bands, below. EX: band on rim; isolated semicircles in panel pattern (FM 43.22). Context: D1 2. Comments: The surface of this sherd is notably deteriorated, in comparison with the general state of preservation of this assemblage. According to J.B. Rutter, the profile and interior banded decoration suggest this fragment, as well as 114, come from stemmed bowls, FS 305 (pers. comm.).

151 (K773/P471). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.5; w. 2.1. FB, M (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome with reserved line below rim. EX: thick line on rim; narrow band, below. Context: D1 2. 25

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

157 (K753/P459). Deep bowl. Joining and non-joining sherds from approximately one fourth of rim and body, above base. H. 7.1; est. rim d. 11.4. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red and reddish brown (5YR 4/6, 5YR 3/3). IN: thick line on rim; band on belly. EX: thick line on rim; zone of concentric horizontal U-pattern (FM 45), and vertical wavy lines (shown in photograph); two bands below belly. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: The profile, with a deeply concave upper body and abrupt transition to the lower body, is unusual, as is the fine lined painted motif, though it does not appear to come from a deep spouted cup, FS 249, the other possibility for the shape.

core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim, curved line, perhaps from an antithetic spiral (FM 50). Context: D1 11. 163 (K458/P160). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. Max. pres. h. 7.1; est. rim d. 15.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). IN: line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim, antithetic spiral with central triglyph of joining semicircles (FM 50.4) and an UID vertical motif; band. Context: D1 3 Comments: The vertical motif beside the joining semicircles may be a type of quirk (FM 48). The presence of a vertical motif inside the triglyph in addition to the semicircles, is unusual.

158 (K684/P373). Deep bowl. Three non-joining rim and two non-joining upper body sherds. H. 6.2; est. rim d. 15.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; zone of quirks (FM 48.5); edge of line, below. Context: D1 3, 4.

164 (K854/P553). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.1; w. 3.3. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 5/8, strong brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; antithetic spiral (FM 50.8). Context: C1 1.

159 (K455/P154). Deep bowl. Approximately two thirds of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). Max H. 9.3; rim d. 15.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10 YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: band on rim. EX: medium band on rim and band at level of lower handle attachments enclose zone of dotted disintegrated quirks (FM 48.18); wide blob on top of handle; band around attachments. Context: C1 2, D1 3, 4. Comments: The rim is slightly everted; see 136. Notable too, is the unusually thick IN rim band.

165 (K736/P441). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.2; w. 4.1. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 5/6, strong brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Reddish yellow paint (5YR 5/6). IN: medium band on rim. EX: medium band on rim; edge of two curved parallel lines, perhaps from a spiral. Context: D1 2. 166 (K246/P422). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.1; est. rim d. 15.3. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Medium band on rim; floating horizontal wavy line (FM 53.31). Context: D1 2.

160 (K685/P374). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with two non-joining body sherds. H. 5.2; est. rim d. 14.0. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim; possibly a zone of disintegrate linked quirks (FM 48). Context: D1 11.

167 (K855/P554). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.3; w. 2.1. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow. Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; parallel vertical wavy lines (FM 53.37). Context: D1 2.

161 (K682/P371). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.7; w. 4.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; unevenly drawn curved stem spiral (FM 49.21). Context: D1 3.

168 (K738/P443). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.2; w. 3.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/8). IN: thick line on rim. EX: medium band on rim; tricurved arch (FM 62.31). Context: C1/D1 3. Comments: For the everted rim, see 136.

162 (K775/P473). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.6; w. 3.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; 26

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

169 (K456/P155). Deep bowl. Fragment from approximately one third of rim, down to midbody, with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 7.8; rim d. 15.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Medium band on rim; zone of lozenges (FM 73.u) with a dotted circle in the center; band on level of lower handle attachments; contour band on handle. Context: C1/D1 2, D1 4.

Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Dot row on rim. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: See 172. 176 (K772/P470). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.1; w. 3.9. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: band on rim, below edge. Context: D1 3.

170 (K683/P372). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.2; w. 13.0 FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: paneled ladder (FM 75.36); tips of parallel lines from uncertain motif, to left. Context: C1 2.

177 (K780/P478). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.7; w. 2.5. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: band on rim. Context: D1 3. 178 (K782/P480). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.4; w. 2.2. FB (5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: band below rim. Context: D1 2.

171 (K834/P532). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.2; w. 1.8. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band under rim and wide band, or monochrome, enclose uneven dot row. Context: D1 3. Comments: The decoration on the rim is unusual for a deep bowl.

179 (K459/P161). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 9.6; est. rim d. 19.2. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/6, brownish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired black to reddish yellow (5YR 2.5/1-7.5YR 6/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim, two narrow bands below level of handle attachment; contour band on handle. Context: D1 4.

172 (K223/P531). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.2; w. 3.7. FB (10YR 7/6, yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: band on rim. EX: dot row on rim. Context: D1 3. Comments: A dot row often appears on the rim of deep bowls of the ‘Rosette’ variety in LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1986: 151, fig. 190.1, 2). See also 772 for the most complete specimen; also discussed in Chapter 4.3.

180 (K415/P98). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.4; est. rim d. 11.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Red paint (10R 4/8). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on body, below belly. Context: D1 4.

173 (K739/P444). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.7; w. 6.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/4). IN: band on rim. EX: dot row on rim. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 172.

181 (K457/P159). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 11.8; rim d. 17.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim. EX: band on body, below belly. Context: D1 4.

174 (K832/P530). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.7; w. 2.6. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: dot row on rim, above band. EX: dot row on rim. Context: C1 3. Comments: See 172.

182 (K805/P503). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.1; est. rim d. 17.0. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: C1/D1 3.

175 (K740/P445). Deep bowl. Two non-joining rim and body sherds. H. 3.5; est. rim d. 13.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). 27

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

183 (K811/P509). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.8; w. 3.8. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band below rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D1 3.

following base fragments with monochrome interiors are ordered in a kind of typology, from most concave, 189, to flattest, 195. 190 (K766/P419). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.4; base d. 5.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black to brown paint (7.5YR N2/ -7.5YR 4/4). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base. Context: C1 2.

184 (K712/P402). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.5; est. rim d. 17.4. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D1 4.

191 (K741/P446). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.4; est. base d. 5.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 6/6). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base. Context: C1/D1 2.

185 (K807/P505). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.7; est. rim d. 12.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim. Context: D1 2.

192 (K453/P151). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 5.6; base d. 4.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. Context: D1 3. Comments: While this bowl preserves its monochrome IN, it has no traces of EX painted decoration.

186 (K713/P415). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.0; base d. 4.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base. Context: D1 2. Comments: This is a rare example of a deep bowl with a ring base; see 115, for a complete example. Most have a raised, concave profile, as discussed in Chapter 4.3.

193 (K764/P416). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.6; est. base d. 7.2. FB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint shaded black to reddish brown (5YR 2.5/1-4/4). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: band on base. Context: D1 3.

187 (K742/P447). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.0; base d. 4.8. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired black to dark red (7.5YR N2/2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base. Context: C1 2. Comments: On the ring base, see 115.

194 (K765/P417). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.8; base d. 4.2. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base. Context: D1 3

188 (K744/P449). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 5.3; base d. 5.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/3, pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/2-5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on lower body and base; edge of base reserved. Context: C1 4. Comments: On the ring base, see 115.

195 (K166/P156). Deep bowl. Fragment from upper body to base, with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 12.2; base d. 5.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired black to brown (7.5YR N2/-5/4). IN: monochrome. EX: band above level of handle attachment; two narrow bands enclose line group on body; contour band on handle. Context: D1 3, 4. Comments: The band and line group decoration are unusual for a deep bowl though the clay and paint are consistent with the assemblage and thus, the bowl appears to have been locally made. Note, too, its flat base, which is also unusual.

189 (K743/P448). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 6.8; base d. 5.7. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on lower body; band on base. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: The base on this deep bowl is the standard raised, concave type, as discussed in Chapter 4.3. This fragment has a particularly deep concavity. The 28

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

196 (K446/P144). Deep bowl. Fragment from upper body to base with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 9.6; base d. 5.0. FB, SM (10YR 7/4 very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired black to brown (7.5YR N2/-4/4). IN: band on lower body; two concentric bands on bottom. EX: three bands below level of handle attachment; band on base; solid handle. Context: D1 3. Comments: While a circular band is a common decoration for the bottom of deep bowls, e.g. 197, the decoration here, of two concentric bands is unusual. See also 199, for a poorly painted version. Likewise, the solidly painted handle is also unusual; see Chapter 4.3.

red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: circular band surrounds isolated spiral with solid center on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D1 3. 203 (K192/P405). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 2.5; base d. 7.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). IN: circular band on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: C1 3. 204 (K714/P406). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 2.7; base d. 7.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Red paint (10R 4/8). IN: circular band on bottom. EX: band on base; vertical band from base band to preserved edge of fragment. Context: C1 4. D1 3. Comment: It is not possible to identify the motif to which the vertical band belonged.

197 (K230/P403). Deep bowl. Base sherd. H. 1.4; base d. 3.9. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: circular band on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D1 1.

205 (K720/P412). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.2; w. 2.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: opposed groups of isolated semicircles (FM 43); band. Context: C1 3.

198 (K750/P455). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.3; base d. 8.1. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Painted shaded dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 3/3-4/6). IN: circular band on bottom; drip off center. EX: band on base. Context: D1 4.

206 (K708/P398). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.0; w. 3.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: running spiral (FM 46). Context: C1 2.

199 (K748/P453). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.7; base d. 4.7. FB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: two concentric lines on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D1 4. Comments: See 196. The IN lines are painted with uneven thickness and were surely painted after the bowl was removed from the wheel.

207 (K705/P395). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.5; w. 3.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: probably a running spiral (FM 46). Context: C1 1.

200 (K221/P404). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 2.2; base d. 4.3. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/1). Very dusky to dark red paint (2.5YR 2/2-3/6). IN: solid circle on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D1 5.

208 (K700/P390). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.2; w. 2.7. WW (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/4). IN: monochrome. EX: spiral, perhaps FM 46.54. Context: C1/C01 1. Comments: This is a rare example of WW from the main occupation phase. See 131.

201 (K749/P454). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.0; base d. 5.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: circular band on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D1 4.

209 (K701/P391). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 1.9; w. 3.1. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black and dark red paint (7.5YR N2/, 2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome red. EX: spiral with solid

202 (K715/P407). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 3.3; base d. 6.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark 29

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

center or perhaps isolated concentric circles (FM 43f). Context: C1 1.

43l) flanking a panel with two vertical lines, one horizontal line. Context: C1 2.

210 (K704/P394). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.7; w. 2.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: spiral. Context: D1 3.

217 (K844/P542). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.2; w. 2.2. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (10YR 3/3). Lower edges from row of loops with dots on interiors; perhaps a dotted U-pattern (FM 45); uneven thick horizonal line, fragment from a second, perhaps a band, below. Context: C1 4.

211 (K710/P400). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 5.7; w. 3.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: quirks (FM 48.5); two bands below. Context: C1 4.

218 (K723/P427). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.0; w. 4.4. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Edges of two bands enclose zone of quirks (FM 48.5). Context: C1/D1 3.

212 (K722/P414). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.2; w. 1.7. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band; wavy band (FM 53). Context: C1 4.

219 (K762/P426). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.7; w. 4.7. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: edge of band. EX: edges of two bands enclose zone of quirks (FM 48.5). Context: D1 2.

213 (K718/P410). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.1; w. 4.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: two horizontal lines with lower edge of overlapping vertical line; two bands below. Context: D1 3. Comments: The motif is UID.

220 (K754/P429). Deep bowl? Two non-joining body sherds. H (larger sherd). 4.3; w. 4.4. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Parallel vertical and diagonal line groups (shown in photo) with isolated quirks (FM 48), perhaps a paneled pattern; band. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: If not from a deep bowl, perhaps from a mug, FS 226.

214 (K802/P500). Deep bowl. Body sherd with handle attachment. H. 3.0; w. 5.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: band below rim, at level of handle attachment. EX: edge of band; bivalve shell (FM 25) made up of two parallel lines filled with parallel dashes and a concentric dot rosette in the center; two parallel curved lines between the arch of the bivalve shell and a solid curved line from handle attachment enclose a dot row which overlaps the lower line. Context: D1 3. Comments: This is an unusually elaborate bivalve shell.

221 (K724/P456). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.3; w. 3.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired black to brown (7.5YR N2/-4/4). Curved stem spiral (FM 49.21), perhaps in a row; edge of band or line, below. Context: D1 3.

215 (K266/P428). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.5; w. 5.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/4). Isolated semicircles in panel (FM 43); zigzag on arc of semicircle. Context: D1 4.

222 (K843/P541). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.4; w. 3.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint shaded very dark brown to brown (10YR 2/2-7.5YR 4/4). Band; antithetic or stemmed spiral in triglyph panel (FM 50). Context: C1/D1 2.

216 (K801/P499). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 1.4; w. 2.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Fringed circle or semicircle (FM

223 (K815/P513). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.4; w. 3.3. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Stemmed spiral 30

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

(FM 51), possibly in a tri-curved arch pattern (FM 62); band, below. Context: D1 4.

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) 230 (K785/P483). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.1; w. 3.3. FB, SM (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band below edge of rim. Context: C1 3. Comments: No complete profiles of this shape were found in this assemblage; see 810 for a partly restored profile. For similar examples from Lefkandi, Phase 2b, see Popham et al. 2006: 187-188, fig. 2.19.6 (= Mountjoy 1986: 172, fig. 221.1, dated to LH IIIC Middle; Mountjoy 1999a: 719, no. 87, fig. 276.87, dated to LH IIIC Late). For further discussion, see Chapters 4.3, 4.4, and 5.4.

224 (K893/P595). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.5; w. 2.7. FB (5YR 6/2, pinkish gray; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Pinkish gray slip (5YR 6/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Two incurving lines filled with parallel wavy lines (FM 53). Context: D1 3. Comment: The motif is UID. 225 (K265/P504). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.8; w. 2.0. FB (7.5 YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/3, pink). Reddish yellow slip (7.5 YR 7/6). Black paint (5 YR 2.5/1). Parallel chevrons (FM 58). Context: D1 4.

231 (K794/P492). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.7; w. 1.8. FB (7.5YR N6/, gray). Gray slip (7.5YR N6/). Weak red paint (10R 4/4). IN: thick line on rim. EX: monochrome, or wide band. Context: C1/D1 3. Comments: While this shape normally has a monochrome IN, like 230, the others in this assemblage have a thick line or band on the rim IN. It is not possible to tell whether the EX is painted monochrome, which would be unusual, or with a wide band; for the latter, see Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.19.1-5.

226 (K812/P510). Deep bowl? Body sherd. H. 1.8; w. 3.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: band. EX: edge of two lines or bands enclose zigzag (FM 61.3). Context: C1 3. Comments: Possibly from a deep spouted cup, FS 249. 227 (K892/P594). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.2; w. 4.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). Triglyph and half rosette (FM 74). Context: D1 3.

232 (K792/P490). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.1; w. 2.6. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: monochrome, or band. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 231.

228 (K813/P511). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.4; w. 3.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: band. EX: two vertical ladder patterns from paneled pattern (FM 75.36); overlapping band and lines, below. Context: D1 2.

233 (K788/P486). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.7; w. 3.6. WW, SM (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 10YR 8/4, very pale brown). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: C1 3. Comments: While this shape is normally painted with a monochrome IN, like 230, most specimens here are painted with a linear IN and EX, like those from Naxos. See Mountjoy 1999a: 959, nos. 61-63, fig. 391.61-63. Note, too, that the fabric is WW; see 131.

Handleless medium band bowl 229 (K758/P463). Handleless medium band bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.6; est. rim d. 12.0. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint streaked dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/2- 5/8). IN: monochrome streaked. EX: wide band on rim; narrow band on belly. Context: D1 2. Comments: This is a handleless variant of the medium band bowl, which normally has two handles (e.g., Mountjoy 1986: 151, fig. 192.2); see Chapter 4.3.

234 (K810/P508). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.7; w. 2.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: band on rim. EX: line on rim. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 233. 31

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

235 (K790/P488). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.6; w. 2.1. FB (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim. EX: uneven narrow band on rim. Context: D1 4. Comments: See 233.

examples from Rhodes, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1066, no. 251, fig. 436.251, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed, and 1074, no. 280, fig. 440.280, dated to LH IIIC Advanced. 240 (K127/P70/PM2108). Stemmed bowl. Large fragment from rim to lower body with both handles. H. 7.1; rim d. 10.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim and band on level of lower handle attachments enclose zone with groups of parallel vertical wavy lines alternating with isolated concentric horizontal U’s; second band, below; contour band on handles. Context: D1 3. Comments: The painted motif is probably a type of triglyph and half rosette (FM 74).

236 (K786/P484). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.0; w. 3.2. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Reddish yellow paint (5YR 5/6). IN: band on rim. EX: UP. Context: D1 4. Comments: The EX surface is eroded and preserves no traces of painted decoration. 237 (K791/P489). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.4; w. 3.4. WW (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: UP. Context: D1 4. Comments: The EX surface is eroded and preserves no traces of painted decoration. On WW in this assemblage, see 131.

241 (K656/P340). Stemmed bowl. Joining and nonjoining fragments of rim and body, with both handles preserved. H. 8.2; est. rim d. 17.7. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired red to dusky red (2.5YR 4/6-3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled semicircles (FM 43.38); band; elongated blob on top of handle; loop around handle attachments. Context: D1 2, 3, 4.

238 (K793/P491). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.6; w. 2.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dusky red paint (2.5YR 2.5/2). Band below rim. Context: C1 2. Comments: This specimen seems to lack any IN decoration.

242 (K718/P421). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.5; w. 3.1. FB (core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Brown paint (7.5YR 4/4). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band; diagonal band from indeterminate motif. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: See 239.

Stemmed bowl (FS 305) 239 (K126/P69/PM2107). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 8.7; rim d. 13.0. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Paint fired yellowish red to black (5YR 5/6- 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; bands at level of upper and lower handle attachments (i.e., the handle zone) enclose two rows of concentric semicircles connected by concentric arcs (FM 43.34); contour band on handle. Context: D1 3. Comments: Stemmed bowls do not usually have a monochrome IN (Mountjoy 1986: 154). For examples from Attica, with similar EX linear rim and handle zone decoration, see Mountjoy 1999a: 579, nos. 387389, fig. 214.387-389, dated to LH IIIC Early; no. 389 also has a monochrome IN. For stemmed bowls with monochrome IN from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 314, no 101, fig. 8.6.101, pl. 36a (= Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 184, fig. 375.184, dated to LH IIIC Early). For

243 (K680/P369). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.2; est. rim d. 14.7. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim; band on belly. EX: line on rim; two bands enclose zone of isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43). Context: C1/D1 2, 3. Comments: For stemmed bowls with linear interiors from Vourvatsi, Attica and Kolonna, Aegina, see Mountjoy 1999a: 579, nos. 387, 388, fig. 214.387, 388, dated to LH IIIC Early. Like 243, they are decorated with semicircles or arcs. 244 (K681/P370). Stemmed bowl. Two non-joining fragments of rim and upper body. H. 3.7; est. rim d. 12.8. FB (7.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 6/8). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim; band; paneled isolated semicircles (FM 43.36). 32

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Context: C1/D1 2, D1 4. Comments: See 243.

249 (K896/P598). Shallow angular bowl. Nearly compete profile; joining and non-joining fragments from approximately two-thirds of vase; missing one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 6.5; est. rim d. 15.0; base d. 4.7. FB (10YR 8/4-10YR 6/1, very pale brown to gray; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Slip fired very pale brown to gray (10YR 8/4-6/1). UP; smoothed surface. Context: D1 2, 3, 4. Comments: For examples from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 192, no. 364, fig. 5.20.364 (= Mountjoy 1984: 238, fig. 8.364), 192, nos. 365-368, fig. 5.20.365-368.

245 (K734/P439). Stemmed bowl? Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.5; est. rim d. 18.0. FB (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow; core: 10YR 7/6, yellow). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). Band below rim; pendant concentric semicircles (FM 43). Context: C1 5. Comments: The identification of this fragment is questionable. Rather than the standard, relatively straight, lipless rim, it has a thick, out-turned rim, somewhat like a krater. Also, its estimated diameter makes it the largest stemmed bowl in this context. Furthermore, it is the only one here that has no painting on the IN.

250 (K238/P467). Shallow angular bowl. Rim fragment with one handle; one non-joining rim sherd. H. 3.3; w. 6.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim; upper edge of line or band. EX: thick line on rim and along upper edge of handle; band at level of handle. Context: C1 3, D1 2. Comments: The rounded profile identifies it as Type B, according to Mountjoy’s classification of the painted shallow angular bowl (Mountjoy 1986: 153-154). For a specimen from Mycenae with a complete profile and the same painted decoration, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 197.2, dated to LH IIIC Early. For a similar one from Korakou, without the interior rim band, see Mountjoy 1999a: 236, no. 204, fig. 78.204, also dated to LH IIIC Early.

246 (K679/P368). Stemmed bowl. Base with fragment of lower body. H. 4.8; base d. 8.3. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C1/D1 2, 3. Comments: For a complete profile, with similar base and monochrome IN, from Kopreza, Attica, see Mountjoy 1999a: 579, no. 389, fig. 214.389, dated to LH IIIC Early. 247 (K279/P572). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of lower body and stem. H. 3.2; w. 4.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5 YR 8/4). Very dark brown paint (10 YR 2/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band; upper edge of second band. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a more complete example from Phylakopi, with a monochrome IN and banding on the stem, see Mountjoy 2007b: 314, no 101, fig. 8.6.101, pl. 36a (= Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 184, fig. 375.184, dated to LH IIIC Early).

251 (K523/P202). Shallow angular bowl? Fragment of rim and body, with one pair of handle attachments. H. 4.2; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP; smoothed surface. Context: D1 4. Comments: This profile of this specimen is unusual. While it has a slight carination, the lower body is slightly convex.

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295)

Shallow rounded bowl

248 (K522/P201). Shallow angular bowl. Complete profile; missing small fragments from body and rim. H. 6.0; rim d. 15.2; base d. 5.0. FB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). UP; smoothed surface. Two shallow grooves on lower body. Context: D 3, 4. Comments: Although most examples of shallow angular bowls in this assemblage are UP, with smoothed or polished surfaces, this one also has two shallow grooves incised on its lower body. For a typical example, see 249. For the UP shallow angular bowl, in general, see Thomas 2005: 516; Thomas 2011: 298-300.

252 (K416/P99/PM2258). Shallow rounded bowl. Joining and non-joining fragments from half of rim and body with one pair of horizontal handle attachments. H. 4.0; est. rim d. 20.0. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim; two bands enclose zone of alternating groups of simple panels (FM 75) and parallel chevrons (FM 58); band. EX: thick line on rim; four bands down to lower body. Context: D1 4, C1/D1 2, 3. Comments: Perhaps by the same potter and painter as 686; see Chapters 4.3 and 5.3. The closest parallels are a series of bowls from Tiryns with patterns and bands on 33

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

the IN and bands on the EX; see Podzuweit 2007: 73-74, pls. 38, 39.3-5.

painted, the floral motif is finely done and spaced, as if to highlight the individual flowers (partially reconstructed on drawing). The vase is insufficiently preserved to know whether it had a handle nor are there any apparent parallels.

Handleless collar-necked bowl 253 (K495/P172). Handleless collar-necked bowl. Complete profile; missing fragments of rim and body. H. 13.7; rim d. 17.0; base d. 7.0. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). UP; surface smoothed. IN: groove incised below edge of rim. EX: groove incised below edge of rim; row of incised oblique strokes below belly; groove incised on underside of base, near edge. Context: D1 3, 4, 6. Comments: The ware, shape, and surface treatment of this bowl are unique and thus far, unparalleled. However, incised decoration occurs on UP shallow angular bowls here; see 248; cf. also the grooves and ridges on the underside of 404.

Stemmed krater (FS 9) 256 (K390/P54/PM2027). Stemmed krater. Nearly complete profile; missing section of the rim, one handle (second handle restored in drawing), and part of the body below the handle. H. 33.0; rim d. 32.8; base d. 13.5. FB (7.5 YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5 YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim and band on belly enclose wide patterned body zone: side A: antithetic spirals with solid centers flank central triglyph with vertical joining semicircles (FM 50.8); loop of spirals filled with chain of solid bivalve shells (FM 25); at opening of antithetic spirals, touching triglyph, bivalve shell on left, lozenge on right, both filled with vertical parallel chevrons (FM 58), and vertical parallel lines; double line at back of bivalve shell; row of small vertical parallel chevrons from upper edge of bivalve shell and lozenge to rim band; small voluted flower (FM 18A) below lozenge, with parallel diagonal slashes in stem and concentric semicircles for flower; side B (left to right): four vertical coupled whorl-shells (FM 23), with shared diaper net filled upper tails, solid below; single oblique whorl-shell with dot filled tail; a fifth vertical coupled whorl-shell with shared diaper net filled tail; two bands below belly band; three bands on lower body; monochrome base; side C: band along edges of handle; two parallel convex curving thick lines flank handle zone, from rim band to belly band. Context: D1 2. Comments: The closest parallel to the shape and decoration of coupled whorl-shells is a krater from House V at Eutresis; see Goldman 1931: 189, no. 5, fig. 263.5 (= Mountjoy 1983: 81, 90. 78, fig. 36.78, pl. 18b-c, dated to LH IIIC Early; Mountjoy 1999a: 680, no. 166, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early). The longtailed lozenge filled with a diaper net pattern on the krater from Eutresis resembles the long tails and crosshatched triangular upper bodies of the whorl-shells here. A stemmed krater from Perati dated to LH IIIC Early has a similar profile although its antithetic spirals are much simpler than these; see Iakovidis 1969: 428, no. 875, pl. 128α. 875 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 574, no. 358, fig. 212.358). Schachermeyr (1980: 143) classified 256 as an example of ‘Nobelkeramik’, which, like the ‘Close Style’, dates to LH IIIC Advanced. See also Chapter 5.4. Publication: Koehl 2018a: 435, pls. 22.7-8; Marthari 1988: 156: no. 114; Mountjoy 1999a: 934; Schachermeyr

Spouted deep bowl 254 (K125/P59/PM2032). Spouted deep bowl. Complete profile; missing one third of rim, body, and one handle. H. 10.1; base d. 5.1; rim d. 11.3. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Paint fired red to black (2.5YR 5/6-7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band below rim and monochrome lower body, from level of lower handle attachment to base, enclose patterned zone with vertical line groups and rows of carelessly painted vertical chevrons (FM 58); band on underside of spout at attachment to body; edges of spout outlined; blobs along top of handle; contour band on underside of handle. Context: C1 3. Comments: The profile is that of a standard deep bowl, FS 284, with two horizontal handles, to which a spout was added between the handles, as distinct from the deep spouted cup, whose spout is opposite the single handle (cf. 92). Spouted small bowl 255 (K500/P177). Spouted small bowl. Fragment from rim and body with part of spout; non-joining rim and shoulder fragment. H. 4.6; est. rim d. 11.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red to black (5YR 5/6-2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim; band below rim and spout and band on body enclose zone of unvoluted flowers, close to FM 18C.122; band on underside of spout, at junction with rim. Context: C1/D1 2, 3, D1 3. Comments: Although the bands are unevenly 34

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

1980: 143, pl. 23a; Schilardi 1977: 368, pls. 187β (in situ), 190α, 191α; Schilardi 1984: 193, fig. 6f; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 37; Thomatos 2006: 88, no. 423.

Kalathos (FS 291) 261 (K874/P576). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.1; w. 4.0. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired black to dark red (7.5YR N2/-2.5YR 3/6). IN: narrow band on rim; two narrow bands, below. EX: blobs on upper surface of rim; band on rim; two narrow bands, below. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a kalathos from Skyros with similar rim profile and decoration, see Mountjoy 1999a: 735, no. 46, fig. 283.46, dated to LH IIIC Early. For an example from Asine with similar painted decoration, see Frödin and Persson 1938: fig. 296 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 190, no. 450, fig. 59.450, dated to LH IIIC Late).

257 (K663/P347). Stemmed krater. Fragment of rim and upper body with upper handle attachment. H. 9.4; est. rim d. 30.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band under rim; upper body of dotted vertical whorl-shell FM 23; part of convex curved band from handle zone. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: For the profile and handle zone decoration (here, a single band), see 256. 258 (K664/P348). Stemmed krater. Fragment of rim and upper body with upper handle attachment. H. 11.2; est. rim d. 30.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim. EX: uneven thick line on rim; band under rim; two uneven vertical curved bands flank upper handle attachment. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: Unlike 256 and 257, the curved bands flanking the handle do not face inwards, but rather face away. Perhaps they belong to another motif; cf. an amphoroid kraters from Astypalaia (Mountjoy 1999a: 1142-1144, nos. 6, 7, fig. 469.6, 7, dated to LH IIIC Early).

262 (K875/P577). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 7.5; w. 5.4. FB, M (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: blobs on upper surface of rim. Context: D1 4.

Ring-based krater (FS 282)

264 (K117/P413). Kalathos. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 7.3; est. base d. 10.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/4, reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish brown to brown (2.5YR 4/4-7.5YR 4/4). IN: monochrome. EX: band, four lines below; band on lower body and base enclose group of lines. Context: C1 3. Comments: For a kalathos with a monochrome IN and linear EX from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 372, fig. 53 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 602, no. 498, fig. 224.498, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

263 (K876/P578). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.5; w. 7.4. TB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint shaded dark brown and reddish yellow (7.5YR 3/2, 7/8). Band on upper surface of rim; band on rim. Context: D1 3.

259 (K848/P547). Ring-based krater. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.5; w. 3.8. WW (2.5Y 8/2, white). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Black paint (2.5Y N2/). IN: band on rim; band. EX: two bands below rim. Context: D1 6. Comments: The rim profile and decoration are typical of LH IIIC Late; cf. a krater from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 59.97, pl. 16α.97(= Mountjoy 1999a: 623, no. 594, fig. 237.594, dated to LH IIIC Late). Furthermore, this is one of the few occurrences of WW from the main occupation phase; see 131.

265 (K634/P308). Kalathos. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 3.2; base d. 5.8. FB (5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Paint fired black and red (5YR 2.5/1, 10R 4/6). IN: two narrow bands on lower body; band surrounds spiral on bottom. EX: two thick lines on base. Context: D1 3. Comments: For similar IN and EX painting on an LH IIIC Middle kalathos from Eleon, Boeotia, see Van Damme 2017: 177, fig. 2.PO254. For similar IN painting on a kalathos from Astypalaia, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1144, no. 12, fig. 470.12, dated to LH IIIC Early.

260 (K1649/P1239). Ring-based krater? Body sherd. H. 6.5; w. 4.5. CR (10 YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10R 5/6, red). Very pale brown slip (10 YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Band. Context: D1 4. Comments: While its identification as a ring-based krater is uncertain, it’s CR ware is certain and unusual for a painted, open shape in this assemblage; see also 1152.

35

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

266 (K887/P589). Kalathos. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.6; w. 4.8. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on lower body, onto the bottom. EX: vertical and horizontal lines, perhaps from a triglyph pattern; two bands enclose a zone of parallel diagonal lines. Context: D1 3. Comments: From the small amount that is preserved, it seems that the base was beveled and raised, rather than flat like the standard kalathos, such as 264 and 265. For a kalathos from Ialysos, Rhodes with a beveled ring base, see Forsdyke 1925: 172-173, no. A949, pl. 14.A949 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1064, no. 244, fig. 435.244, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed). For a kalathos from the Athenian Agora with an IN band on the lower body and bottom, see Immerwahr 1971: 188-189, no. 24, pl. 40.24 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 233.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 602, no. 497, fig. 224.497, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

270 (K727/P432). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.7; w. 3.6. TB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D1 4. Comments: The identification of this fragment is based on its deep, rounded profile and thick wall. See 546 for a spouted vase, probably a basin, with a similar profile and thickness. 271 (K726/P431). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.8; w. 4.8. TB (7.5YR 5/4, brown; core: 7.5YR N5/, gray). Brown slip (7.5YR 5/4). UP. Context: D1 3. 272 (K845/P544). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.6; w. 3.9. TB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 5/4, brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D1 4. 273 (K846/P545). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.5; est. rim d. 10.5. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: C1 5.

Spouted basin (FS 302) 267 (K492/P169). Spouted basin. Complete profile; missing one third of rim and body, two thirds of base, fragment of spout. H. 10.6; rim d. 34.0; base d. 17.0. TB, M (10R 5/6, red; core: 10R 4/1, dark reddish gray). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Paint fired reddish black to red (10R 2.5/1-5/8). IN: thick line on rim; two bands below rim. circular band on bottom. EX: band on upper surface of rim and along edges of spout; band on mid body; band on base; band under base of spout at junction with body; tapering wavy band on handles. Context: D1 3, C1 2 Comments: For an example from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 196, no. 389, fig. 5.23.389 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 92, no. 183, fig. 375.183, dated to LH IIIC Early; Mountjoy 2007b, 355, fig. 8.29.I.389). For an example from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: 196, fig. 2.25.1, pl. 26.7 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 196.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 716, no. 77, fig. 274.77, dated to LH IIIC Developed). For examples from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: pls. 48-50.

Platter? 274 (K752/P458). Platter? Three non-joining rim fragments. H. 5.3; est. rim d. 30.5. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/6-7.5YR 7/4, red to pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D1 3. Dipper (FS 236) 275 (K524/P203). Dipper. Complete profile; missing fragments of rim and body. H. 16.5; rim d. 12.0. FB, M (5YR 6/8, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Surface unsmoothed and UP. Context: D1 1, 2, 3. Comments: For similar dippers from Thorikos, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1995a: 218, fig. 14. 276 (K413/P96). Dipper. Three non-joining fragments from approximately one third of rim and body with a possible handle attachment. H. 3.3; est. rim d. 10.5. FB (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: two uneven, narrow bands enclose dot row on rim. EX: dot row on edge of rim. Context: C1/D1 2, D1 4. Comments: While dippers with dot rows on the rim are known (see below, 277-279), the IN rim decoration is unparalleled in this assemblage.

Basin, type indeterminate 268 (K554/P232). Basin? Horizontal handle fragment. Max. l. 7.1. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Surface smoothed. Possible traces of a band along EX. Context: D1 7. 269 (K847/P546). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.0; est. rim d. 24.0. TB, M (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). UP. Context: D1 3. 36

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

277 (K841/P539). Dipper. Joining and non-joining fragments from rim and upper body. H. 3.3; est. rim d. 8.1. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Dot row on rim IN and EX. Context: C1 2, D1 2, 4. Comments: For dippers with dotted rims from Phylakopi, Phase 2b, see Mountjoy 1985: 178, no. 158, fig. 5.14.158 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 918, no. 142, fig. 372.142, dated to LH IIIC Early), 178, no. 159, fig. 5.14.159.

Context: C1 3. Comments: See 281. 283 (K599/P273). Large piriform jar. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; est. rim d. 12.9. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 4/8-5YR 2.5/2). IN: band on rim. EX: monochrome. Context: D1 2. Comments: See 281.

278 (K840/P538). Dipper. Two non-joining fragments from rim and body. H. 2.9; est. rim d. 8.5. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Dot row on rim IN and EX. Context: C1/D1 2, D1 2. Comments: See 277.

284 (K598/P272). Large piriform jar. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; est. rim d. 11.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/3, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dusky red to dark red (2.5YR 2.5/2-3/6). IN: wide band on rim. EX: monochrome. Context: C1 5. Comments: See 281.

279 (K838/P536). Dipper. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.6; w. 3.3. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Dot row on rim IN and EX. Context: D1 2. Comments: See 277.

285 (K600/P274). Large piriform jar. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.2; est. d. rim 14.5. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome. Context: C1 4. Comments: Unlike most piriform jars, this one lacks any paint on the IN. Its identification is based on its down-sloping rim profile; see Chapter 4.3.

280 (K835/P533). Dipper. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 2.5; w. 3.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Row of blobs on rim with pointed tips, from IN to EX. Context: D1 4. Comments: For similar decoration on a dipper from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 204, no. 522, fig. 5.28.522.

286 (K601/P275). Large piriform jar. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.5; est. rim d. 17.4. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band on neck. Context: D1 3. Comments: While the necks on the other piriform jars are monochrome, this one has a band below the rim.

CLOSED SHAPES Large piriform jar (FS 38) 281 (K572/P247). Large piriform jar. Fragment of rim and neck. Max. pr. h. 6.2; rim d. 12.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: wide band on rim. EX: monochrome. Context: C1/D1 3. Comments: For an example from Phylakopi, with a nearly complete profile, see Mountjoy 1985: 172, no. 81, fig. 5.10.81, pl. 22.81 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 201.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 186, fig. 376.186, dated to LH IIIC Developed).

287 (K888/P590). Large piriform jar? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.2; w. 5.5. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 5/4, brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Paint fired dusky red to red (10R 3/2-4/6). Monochrome. Context: D1 5. Comments: See 285. 288 (K550/P228). Large piriform jar. Fragment of body with lower half of vertical handle. H. 5.3. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). Lines along edges of handle enclose parallel chevrons (FM 58.36); band around base of handle; edge of band. Context: D1 4.

282 (K597/P271). Large piriform. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.5; est. rim d. 14.0. FB (7.5YR, 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR, 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/8). Monochrome IN (perhaps a wide band), and EX. 37

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Comments: The painted decoration on this handle is unique here. Normally the handles on these jars are monochrome, though bands along the sides seem to be favored on Rhodes during LH IIIC Early-Developed; see Mountjoy 1999a: 1030, nos. 123-127, fig. 420.123127. For an example from Phylakopi with three bands, see Mountjoy 1985: 172, no. 81, fig. 5.10.81, pl. 22.81 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig 201.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 186, fig. 376.186, dated to LH IIIC Developed).

1999a: 730, no. 14, fig. 282.14, dated to LH IIIC Early). The occurrence of WW is rare in this assemblage; see 131; also, Chapter 1.3, 5.4. 293 (K891/P593). Amphoriskos. Fragment from rim to shoulder. H. 2.8; rim d. 9.0. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 3. Comments: The paint is very worn on the rim. While the neck is short on this specimen, for a possible parallel from Skyros, see Parlama 1984: 206, no. 67, fig. 56.67, pl. 95.67 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 730, no. 17, fig. 282.17, dated to LH IIIC Early).

289 (K535/P214). Large piriform jar. Fragment of lower body with three quarters of base. H. 8.8; base d. 13.0. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N5/, gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Band on lower body; wide band, onto base; lower half of base UP. Context: C1 4. Comments: For a similar lower body treatment on a piriform jar from the Palace of Nestor at Pylos, see Blegen and Rawson 1966: fig. 137.408 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 345, no. 87, fig. 116.87, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-IIIC Early).

294 (K604/P278). Amphoriskos? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.5; est. rim d. 5.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: band on rim. EX: monochrome. Context: D1 5. Comments: The neck is narrow for an amphoriskos but the rim profile and painting are typical. For LH IIIC Early-LH IIIC Developed examples from Rhodes, where it is an especially popular shape, see Mountjoy 1999a:1031-1034, fig. 423.

290 (K533/P212). Large piriform jar? Fragment of lower body with base. H. 4.4; base d. 9.1. TB, M (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 10R 6/3, pale red). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Reddish black paint (10R 2.5/1). Band on lower body; band, onto base; lower half of base UP. Context: D1 5. Comments: The fragment is identified from the shape of its base and painted decoration. See 289.

295 (K603/P277). Amphoriskos. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.4; rim d. 7.0. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: C1/D1 3. Comments: See 292.

291 (K643/P317). Large piriform jar? Body sherd, perhaps from shoulder. H. 6.3; w. 4.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Running spiral (?); three uneven bands below. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a possible parallel from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 172, no. 81, fig. 5.10.81, pl. 22.81 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 201.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 186, fig. 376.186, dated to LH IIIC Developed).

296 (K606/P280). Amphoriskos? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.2; est. rim d. 8.8. FB (10YR 8/2, white). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: reserved rim; monochrome below. Context: D1 4. Comments: For a similar rim profile on an amphoriskos from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al 2006:164, fig. 2.31.3, pl. 21.1 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 713, no. 65, fig. 273.65, dated to LH IIIC Developed). If not from an amphoriskos, this fragment may come from a straightsided alabastron. See, e.g., 345.

Amphoriskos (FS 59) 292 (K447/P145). Amphoriskos. Fragment with approximately half of rim and body, one handle; missing base and one handle. H. 5.4; rim d. 8.0. WW (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim; band on belly, at level of lower handle attachment; band along handle. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a parallel from Skyros, see Parlama 1984: 202-203, no. 62, fig. 53.62, pl. 92.62 (= Mountjoy

297 (K674/P362). Amphoriskos. Four non-joining fragments from base of neck (largest is drawn), shoulder, and base. Est. base d. 6.0. FB (5YR 6/1, gray; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). Gray slip (5YR 6/1). Very dusky red paint (2.5YR 2.5/2). Two bands (or monochrome neck and band) enclose a group of lines; tops of three loops below, perhaps from zone of quirks (FM 48); two bands on lower body, above base. Context: C1/D1 3, D1 3, 4. 38

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

298 (K497/P174). Amphoriskos. Joining and nonjoining fragments from base of neck, body, complete base. H. 17.3; base d. 7.0. TB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired pink to weak red (purplish) (7.5YR 7/4-7.5R 4/2) and black to dark brown (10YR 2/1-7.5YR 3/2). Alternating bands and lines on lower neck and shoulder; on shoulder, zone of alternating triglyphs and opposing semicircles (cf. FM 43.22); on belly, two groups of two bands enclose zone of tri-curved arch (FM 62.31); band above base. Context: D1 2, 3, 4. Comments: This vase stands out in this assemblage on several accounts. The mottled surface is surely due to the firing conditions, with the result that the paint appears in several hues. The presence of two patterned zones, one on the shoulder and one at mid-body, is unusual for an amphoriskos. However, for similar filled tri-curved arches on an amphoriskos from Apollakia, Rhodes see Mountjoy 1999a: 1034, no. 145, fig. 423, no. 145, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed. The circular groove on the underside of its base is also unusual though something similar occurs on 253.

level of the handles, two parallel rows of running spirals (FM 46), are joined at one end by a diagonal line; two bands below; one band on lower body; contour band on handle. Context: C1/D1 4 Comments: Certainly, the piriform profile is unusual for a collar-necked jar, which is normally globular or ovoid (Furumark 1941a: 594-595). The decorative syntax however closely resembles a piriform jar from Phylakopi: both have monochrome necks, zigzags on the upper shoulder, rows of parallel running spirals at the handle zone, and bands and reserved areas below; see Mountjoy 1985: 172, no. 81, fig. 5.10.81, pl. 22.81 (= Mountjoy 1984: 232, fig. 2.81; Mountjoy 1986: fig. 201.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 186, fig. 376.186; Mountjoy 2007b: 345-346, fig. 8.22.I.81, dated to LH IIIC Developed). See also, Mountjoy 1986: fig. 205.2, for a fragment with a wavy band between the lugs on the shoulder, and fig. 205.5, for fragments with spirals, all dated to LH IIIC Middle. Chemical analysis suggests this may be an import from the Argolid (see Appendix 1, S18). Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl.185β; Schilardi 1984: 195, fig. 7e. 302 (K542/P221). Large collar-necked jar. Approximately half of neck, one third of shoulder and upper body; two pierced cylindrical, flat faced lugs on shoulder. H. 10.2; est. rim d. 11.7. TB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Solid paint on neck onto shoulder; two bands enclose zone of concentric arcs (FM 44); paint on flat face of protrusions. Context: D1 3, E1 3. Comment: The fabric of this jar has a particularly high concentration of mica. For concentric arcs on a collarnecked jar from Rhodes, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1036, no. 162, fig. 425.162, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed.

299 (K644/P318). Amphoriskos? Body sherd, perhaps from handle zone. H. 4.4; w. 5.1. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Two bands; isolated concentric semicircles with dotted IN, FM 43, pendant from lower band. Context: D1 2. 300 (K641/P315). Amphoriskos? Body sherd, perhaps from handle zone. H. 8.9; w. 7.1. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Running spiral (FM 46); two bands below. Context: D1 2. Comments: For a possible parallel from Thebes, see Keramopoulos 1917: 156, no. 28, fig. 118, second from right (= Mountjoy 1999a: 687, no. 205, fig. 264.205, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

303 (K607/P281). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment of neck. H. 3.2; w. 5.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D1 2.

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) 301 (K438/P134/PM2257). Large collar-necked jar. Missing most of neck and rim, one handle, half of upper and middle body, most of lower body, all of base; two horizontally pierced vertical lugs on upper shoulder. Max. pr. h. 23.5; restored rim d. 11.5. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). White slip (10YR 8/1). Paint fired very dusky red to red (2.5YR 2.5/2-4/8). Monochrome neck; on upper shoulder, two narrow bands and one wide band enclose zone with two pierced vertical painted lugs; between the lugs, two zigzag bands enclose a wavy horizontal line; on the belly, at the

304 (K611/P285). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment of neck. H. 4.1; w. 5.2. TB (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR N5/, gray). White slip (10YR 8/1). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). IN: band. EX: band on base of neck. Context: D1 3. 305 (K608/P282). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment of neck and shoulder. H. 3.8; est. rim d. 10.0. FB, M (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 6/6 reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Thick line on neck; band on shoulder. 39

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: C1 4.

312 (K153/P249). Large collar-necked jar? Fragment from base of neck and shoulder. H. 6.8; w. 7.4. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on base of neck; two bands below; zone of bivalve shells (FM 25.15). Context: C1 4.

306 (K591/P603). Large collar-necked jar? Fragment of neck and shoulder. Max. pr. h. 4.8; est. rim d. 16.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D1 4. Comments: Although collar-necked jars are normally painted, and the neck is usually monochrome, as on 301-303, this appears to be an UP version. For an UP medium-sized collar-necked jar from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 164, no. 19, pl. 46β.19. See also 696.

313 (K555/P233). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments of approximately one third of the vase, from the base of neck to lower body. Max. rest. h. 30.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Two bands on lower neck; band on shoulder; wide upper body zone of running spirals (FM 46.52); three bands. Context: D1 2, 3, 4. Comments: For running spirals on large collar-necked jars from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 21, nos. 94, 95, pl. 3γ.94, 95; on a collar-necked jar from Rhodes, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1036, fig. 425.162, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed.

307 (K592/P266). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment of neck. H. 4.0; w. 3.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D1 4. Comments: See 306. 308 (K186/P179). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments from approximately one third of upper body to base, with one horizontal handle. H. 29.0; base d. 11.7. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). At level of handle, edges of two concentric arcs, perhaps from a spiral band; two bands below; on lower body, linked circles with crossed IN; band above base; uneven contour band on handle. Context: C1/D1 2, 3, D1 4, C1 3.

314 (K576/P251). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd, probably from upper body. H. 5.3; w. 8.1. FB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Running spiral (FM 46.58); edge of band. Context: D1 4. Comments: See 313. 315 (K490/P167). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment from base of neck and shoulder. Perforation on shoulder. H. 7.6; w. 17.2; perforation d. 0.4. TB (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5YR 7/3, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Three bands; zone of alternating triglyphs and horizontal stemmed spirals with crosshatching in loop of spiral (cf. FM 50.24); edge of band; line around perforation. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: The smooth edges around and inside the shoulder perforation indicate it was made prior to the vase’s firing.

309 (K548/P226). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd with half of one horizontal handle. H. 7.5; w. 9.1. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Two concentric loops or semicircles; edge of band; pointed blobs on handle; band around handle attachment. Context: D1 4. 310 (K573/P248). Large collar-necked jar. Shoulder fragment with vertically pierced conical lug. H. 7.3; w. 5.7. FB (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 5YR 5/4, reddish brown). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Two bands; parallel vertical lines probably from triglyph panel (FM 75.1); solid paint on lug. Context: D1 2.

316 (K577/P252). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd. H. 8.5; w. 6.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Strong brown paint (7.5YR 4/6). Perhaps row of stemmed spirals (FM 51), with stems terminating in a loop; three bands below. Context: D1 3.

311 (K901/P327). Large collar-necked jar? Body sherd. H. 4.7; w. 3.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Isolated bivalve shell filled with parallel arcs (FM 25.15); band. Context: D1 3.

317 (K547/P225). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment from upper to middle body, with one horizontal handle. H. 20.3; w. 13.9. FB, M (2.5YR 5/8, red; core: 5YR 5/2, reddish gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 40

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

8/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/2-4/6). Two bands enclose narrow zone of vertical lines and parallel chevrons (FM 58.29); spiral (running or stemmed) on belly, at level of handles; two bands below handle; contour band on handle. Context: D1 3, D2 2, C1 4.

triglyph panel (FM 75.1); tip of pattern to the side, perhaps a lozenge; three bands below. Context: D1 2. 324 (K904/P330). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd. H. 5.5; w. 5.2. FB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Two bands enclose narrow zone of vertical parallel lines; triglyph panel with parallel chevrons (FM 75.9), below. Context: D1 4.

318 (K645/P319). Large collar-necked jar. Shoulder fragment. H. 5.9; w. 9.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dusky red to red (2.5YR 2.5/2-4/6). Two uneven bands; zone of parallel chevrons (FM 58.37). Context: D1 2.

325 (K759/P464). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd with attachment from horizontal handle. H. 8.2. w. 9.0. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Tips from group of parallel vertical lines (triglyph); band above and below level of handle attachment; band or loop at join of handle and body. Context: D1 3, 4.

319 (K491/P168). Large collar-necked jar. Shoulder fragment. H. 13.9; w. 27.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dusky red to dark red (2.5YR 2.5/2-3/6). Two bands; two groups of three uneven bands enclose zone of zigzags combined with alternating parallel chevrons (FM 61.10); solid concave border on left side. Context: D1 3.

Large collar-necked jar or hydria (FS 63 or FS 128) 326 (K1637/P1227). Large collar-necked jar or hydria. Body sherd with half of one horizontal handle. Max. h. 10.3; w. 10.3. WW (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Pink slip (7.5 YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (10YR 3/2). Two bands below level of handle attachments; long dash on upper edge of handle; loop around attachment. Context: C1 2. Comments: On WW in this assemblage, see 131. Also, Chapters 4.3, 5.4.

320 (K646/P320). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd. H. 6.3; w. 10.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Band; parallel chevrons (FM 58.17). Context: D1 3. 321 (K899/P325). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd. H. 5.6; w. 4.1. TB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Outlined isolated lozenge filled with parallel horizontal or diagonal lines (FM 73n). Context: D1 3.

327 (K530/P209). Large collar-necked jar or hydria. Fragment of lower body with entire base. H. 8.7; base d.12.4. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: C1 2, 3. Rim-handled amphora (FS 69)

322 (K575/P250). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments from base of neck and shoulder. H. (largest sherd) 7.4; w. 9.6. FB (5YR 6/3, light reddish brown; core: 2.54YR 5/4, reddish brown). Light reddish brown slip (5YR 6/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on lower edge of neck; one fine and one thick line; two bands or a band and monochrome area enclose a narrow zone of alternating triglyphs (FM 75.1) and ‘metopes’ composed of crossed diagonal lines. Context: D1 9.

328 (K540/P219). Rim-handled amphora. Upper body sherd with approximately three quarters of rim and one upper handle attachment, three quarters of neck, and one quarter of shoulder. H. 12.0; rim d. 12.9. FB (10 YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10 YR 8/3). Paint fired black to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 2.5/0-2.5/4). Band on rim, overlaps slightly inside; band on base of neck; paint on handle attachment. Context: C1 4, C1 6, D1 3, D1 4. Comments: For the hollow rim profile on an amphora from the Granary at Mycenae, see Wace 1921-23: 51, pl. 9a (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 206.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 161, no. 330, fig. 43.330, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

323 (K903/P329). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd. H. 6.5; w. 5.1. FB, M (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 5/4, yellowish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Parallel vertical lines from 41

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

329 (K580/P255). Rim-handled amphora. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; est. rim d. 10.8. TB, SM (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 6/6). Red paint (10R 4/6). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: band on rim. Context: D1 3. Comments: For the rim profile on an amphora from Attica, see Mountjoy 1999a: 567, no. 323, fig. 209.323, dated to LH IIIC Early. For the painted decoration on an amphora from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 393, fig. 74a (= Mountjoy 1999a: 567, no. 324, fig. 209.324, dated to LH IIIC Early).

Comments: The surface of this vase is heavily pitted. For the shoulder motif on an amphora from Scimatari, Boeotia, see Mountjoy 1983: 68, no. 65, fig. 25.65, pl. 16b (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 206.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 687, no. 206, fig. 264.206, dated to LH IIIC Middle). The vertical wavy band ending in a hook comes from the tip of a long wavy handle band as on an amphora from the Granary at Mycenae; see Wace 1921-23: 51, pl. 9a (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 206.1; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 43.330, dated to LH IIIC Middle). Rounded alabastron (FS 86) 334 K202/P352). Rounded alabastron? Two nonjoining fragments from the base of neck to lower body with one horizontal handle and half of second (a third is restored in drawing). H. 7.5. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5Y 2.5/1). Three bands enclose two zones of zigzags (FM 61.2), from base of neck to shoulder; zone of isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43.1) and triglyphs (FM 75.1) at level of handles; two bands on belly; band on handles. Context: C1/D1/ 3. Comments: This vessel has an unusual profile, lacking the ‘weighed down’ shape of the usual rounded alabastron and might be an amphoriskos. While the occurrence of three decorative zones on a rounded alabastron has no parallels in this assemblage, a rounded alabastron from Thebes has a similar decoration at the handle zone; see Keramopoulos 1917: 166, fig. 121.8 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 682, no. 173, fig. 261.173, dated to LH IIIC Early).

330 (K581/P256). Rim-handled amphora. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.4; est. rim d. 13.0. TB, SM (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D1 4. Comments: For the rim profile on an amphora from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 393, fig. 74a (= Mountjoy 1999a: 567, no. 324, fig. 209.324, dated to LH IIIC Early). 331 (K588/P263). Rim-handled amphora? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.5; est. rim d. 14.0. TB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: band on rim. Context: D1 4. Comments: For a similar profile on a hydria from Korakou, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 178.1 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 228, no. 175, fig. 73.175, dated to LH IIIC Early). 332 (K529/P208). Rim-handled amphora? Large joining and non-fragments of lower body with most of base. H. 17.6; base d. 9.7. FB, SM (10YR 6/4, light yellowish brown; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Light yellowish brown slip (10YR 6/4). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Uneven narrow band above base; uneven band on base. Context: D1 1, 4, C1 1. Comments: This vessel may have been coil-made, and possibly wheel-finished subsequently (I owe this observation to J.B. Rutter, pers. comm).

335 (K184/P356). Rounded alabastron. Fragment from base of neck and shoulder with one handle attachment. H. 3.1; w. 6.2. FB (10YR 7/2, light gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dark grayish brown to brown (10YR 3/2-4/3). Edge of line or band; thick line; band; zone of diaper net (FM 57.2) and possibly ivy (FM 12.27); band. Context: C1 3. Comments: The ivy motif is common on the rounded alabastron only in its early stages, from LH IIB to LH IIIA:1 (see e.g. Mountjoy 1986: fig. 44.1, 3, fig. 64.1, 2). Whereas the diaper net is common on straight-sided alabastra from LH IIIA onwards. For its occurrence on the shoulder of a rounded alabastron from Olympia dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1999a: 390, no. 68, fig. 135.68. For an example from Achaea, see Mountjoy 1999a: 418, no. 60, fig 146.60. Perhaps the appearance here of the ivy motif is an example of the archaizing character of some of the pottery in this assemblage; discussed further in Chapter 5.3.

333 (K520/P199). Rim-handled amphora? Large fragment from shoulder to middle of body. H. 20.8; max. rest. d. 39.8. TB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink to very pale brown slip (7.5YR 7/4-10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Tri-curved arch on shoulder (FM 62); three bands; hooked, wavy vertical band, below (shown in photograph). Context: D1 2, 3, 4. 42

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

336 (K890/P592). Rounded alabastron. Fragment from shoulder. H. 1.9; w. 6.6. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/8). Isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43); two parallel vertical lines, perhaps from triglyph (FM 75.1). Context: D1 3, C1 2.

brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired black to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/1-5/8). Thick line on shoulder; thick line and band on handle zone enclose zone with two rows of isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43); band above base; blobs on handle. Context: C1/D1 2. Comments: For similar shoulder decoration on a straight-sided alabastron from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 387.17, fig. 67a (= Mountjoy 1999a: 583, no. 412, fig. 216.412, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For a possible parallel from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 197, no. 396, fig. 5.24.396. For a discussion of the isolated semicircle motif on alabastra, see Chapter 5.4.

337 (K672/P358). Rounded alabastron. Fragment from shoulder. H. 3.4. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/2-5/6). Three bands; zone with jagged wavy line (FM 53.17 or 18); band. Context: D1 2. Comments: For the wavy line motif at the handle zone on an LH IIIB:1 rounded alabastron, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 118.2.

342 (K418/P107/PM2249). Straight-sided alabastron. Preserved from lower neck to base; missing handles; one lower attachment preserved. Surface heavily eroded. H. 9.4; base d. 12.7. FB with mudstone (?) inclusions (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Paint fired yellowish red to reddish brown (5YR 5/6-4/4). Band on base of neck; two narrow bands at level of handles enclose groups of parallel wavy lines, FM 53.21; band on transition from lower body to base; at least two concentric lines on underside of base. Context: D1 2. Comments: The surface and biscuit of this vase are heavily eroded. For similar decoration on an alabastron from Aplomata, Naxos, see Kardara 1977: 40, no. 931, pl. 52δ (= Mountjoy 1999a: 946, no. 24, fig. 385.24, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

338 (K673/P859). Rounded alabastron. Three nonjoining sherds from shoulder (one is drawn). H. 3.5. w. 2.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/8). Two bands enclose group of lines; diaper net (FM 57.2), below. Context: D1 3, C1 1, C1/D1 2. Comments: See 335. 339 (K905/P331). Rounded alabastron. Fragment from shoulder. H. 3.2; w. 4.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Two thick lines enclose narrow zone with diaper net pattern (FM 57.2); band. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 335.

343 (K669/P355). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from base of neck to upper body with two handle attachments. H. 5.6; max. rest. d. 16.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Band on base of neck; band on level of lower handle attachments; band on handle. Context: D1 2, 3.

340 (K906/P332). Rounded alabastron? Body sherd, perhaps from shoulder. H. 5.5; w. 4.0. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Bands enclose vertical rows of dashes; solid curved shape, perhaps from handle attachment. Context: D1 5. Comments: It is also possible that this fragment comes from the shoulder of a small stirrup jar, a suggestion I owe to J.B. Rutter (pers. comm.).

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 98) 344 (K135/P71/PM2109). Straight-sided alabastron. Complete profile with attachments from two handles; missing fragments of rim and handles. H. 6.2; rim d. 5.2; base d. 6.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: band. EX: reserved rim; monochrome body; reserved base; UP underside. Context: D1 2. Comments: For a specimen from Phylakopi, with a painted base, see Mountjoy 1985: 196, no. 381, fig.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96) 341 (K666/P350). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of shoulder, body and base with one handle, attachments from second (restored in drawing). H. 11.4; est. base d. 14.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale

43

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

5.23.381 (= Mountjoy 1984: 232, fig. 2.381; Mountjoy 1999a: 914, no. 125, fig. 371.125, dated to LH IIIC Early). For an example from Skyros, see Parlama 1984: 190-191, no. 50, fig. 46.50, pl. 86.50 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 732, no. 21, fig. 282.21, dated to LH IIIC Early). Publication: Schilardi 1984: 194, fig. 7g; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 51 (left).

5/8). Lower edge of band on shoulder; band at level of handle attachment at shoulder; band on lower body, onto base; blob at level of handle attachment. Context: D1 2, 4. 350 (K881/P583). Straight-sided alabastron. Joining and non-joining fragments from mid to lower body, base. H. 4.8; est. base d. 14.5. FB (10 YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Very pale brown slip (10 YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). Band on mid-body; band on lower body. Context: C1/D1 2.

345 (K437/P133/PM2256). Straight-sided alabastron. Approximately one third of upper body, with one handle preserved, attachment from second (restored in drawing). H. 7.6; rim d. 7.1. FB (10 YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10 YR 8/3). Paint fired yellowish red to reddish yellow (5YR 5/64/6). IN: band. EX: thick line on rim; band on neck; thick line on shoulder; two thick lines at level of handles enclose zone of antithetic spirals with triglyphs (cf. FM 50.24); blob on top of handle. Context: D1 4. Comments: No parallels have been found for the shoulder motif on a straight-sided alabastron. Publication: Schilardi 1984: 194, fig. 7f.

351 (K702/P392). Straight-sided alabastron. Joining and non-joining fragments from lower body and base. H. 1.5; w. 13.4. FB (2.5Y N6/, gray; core: 2.5Y N5/, gray). Gray slip (2.5Y N6/). Black paint (2.5Y N2/). Underside of base painted with concentric lines near edge with thick innermost line; group of four thick lines in center. Context: D1 3, 5. 352 (K532/P211). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.2; rest. base d. 9.2. FB (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Band on lower body/base. Context: C1/D1 3.

346 (K667/P351). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from base of neck to mid-body; one handle attachment. Surface worn. H. 6.0; max. rest. d. 9.9. FB (10 YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10 YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Band on neck; band on shoulder and band at level of handle attachment enclose line group above handle; upper edge of band on lower body; two bands on handle. Context: D1 2.

353 (K746/P451). Straight-sided alabastron. Three non-joining fragments from body and base. H. 7.1; max. rest. d. 13.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (10R 3/3). Band on lower body. Context: C1 2, 3.

347 (K671/P357). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder and upper body with one handle attachment. H. 3.3; w. 3.0. FB (10 YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark grayish brown paint (10YR 4/2). Diaper net on shoulder (FM 57.2); two bands below level of handle attachment; line around base of handle attachment. Context: C1/D1 2.

354 (K747/P452). Straight-sided alabastron. Five nonjoining fragments from mid to lower body (largest is drawn and measured). H. 5.5. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/4). Band; two parallel lines. Context: C1/D1 2, 3.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98)

355 (K821/P519). Straight-sided alabastron. Body sherd. H. 5.5. FB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Band; broken wavy line, FM 53.7. Context: D1 2.

348 (K622/P296). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from rim and neck. H. 2.2; est. rim d. 8.8. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome. Context: D1 4.

356 (K816/P514). Straight-sided alabastron. Body sherd. H. 3.6; w. 3.6. TB, M (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3). Band; U-pattern (FM 45). Context: C1/D1 2.

349 (K745/P450). Straight-sided alabastron. Two nonjoining fragments from shoulder to lower body. H. 5.3; max. rest. d. 10.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dusky red to red (2.5YR 3/244

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Straight-sided alabastron, composite (FS 330)

687, no. 207, fig. 264.207, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For Ialysos, Rhodes, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1038, nos. 172, 173, fig. 426.172, 173, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed. For Langada, Kos, see Morricone 1967: 272-273, nos. 2, 3, fig. 310.293, 277. For Kalymnos, see Forsdyke 1925: 189, no. A1003, pl. 15.A1003 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1134, no. 17, fig. 464.17, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For examples dated to LH IIIC Advanced from Kamini, Naxos, see Vlachopouos 2006: 398, no. 1796, fig. 19.1796, pl. 48.1796 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 946, no. 26, fig. 385.26); 415, no. 1716, fig. 19.1716, pl. 65.1716 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 946, no. 25, fig. 385.25); note the row of dashes on its lower shoulder, as on 358. Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 186β (one fragment illustrated); Schilardi 1984: 194, fig. 7h.

357 (K136/P72/PM2110). Straight-sided alabastron, composite. Most of one element from a double alabastron with attachment for second on side; missing fragments of rim, handles; one handle attachment preserved. H. 5.5; rim d. 3.9; base d. 6.5. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band. EX: monochrome. Context: D1 3. Comments: Two examples were found in the West Shrine at Phylakopi. See Mountjoy 1985: 173, nos. 93, 94 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 916, no. 137, fig. 372.137, dated to LH IIIC Early), fig. 5.10.93, 94, pl. 20.93, 94. For a double and a triple monochrome alabastron from Langada, Kos, see Morricone 1967: 89-90, nos. 6, 7, fig. 67.13, 18; 106, no. 11, fig. 87.280. For a triple one from Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 383, no., pl. 36.1726. See also Chapter 5.4. Publication: Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 51 (right).

359 (K119/P143/PM2263). Straight-sided alabastron, three-legged. Fragment from shoulder to base with one leg attachment; two vertically pierced lugs on shoulder. H. 13.3; w. 13.5. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Edge of band from base of neck and band on shoulder, below level of lugs, enclose bivalve chain (FM 25.18); solid paint on lugs; wide body zone with running spiral (FM 46. 54); band on lower body, over attachment for legs. Context: C1 2, 3. Comments: See 358. Note that on most examples, the shoulder lugs are horizontally pierced, whereas these are vertically pierced, perhaps implying a different method for attaching its presumptive lid.

Straight-sided alabastron, three-legged (FS 99) 358 (K441/P138/PM2264). Straight-sided alabastron, three-legged. Profile preserved from rim to lower body, with attachments for two legs; perforation on shoulder; two handles preserved, one nonjoining (not in photograph); missing half of body, entire base, all legs. H. 17.4; rim d. 11.0; perforation d. 0.25. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired black to red (5YR 2.5/12.5YR 4/8). Solid rim; narrow band on shoulder with pendant isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43); blob on top of shoulder perforation; row of vertical dashes on shoulder, at level of upper handle attachment, perhaps a disintegrate foliate band, FM 64.20; band on level of lower handle attachment; broken wavy line pattern, below (FM 53.7); band on lower body, over attachment for legs; large circular band on handle attachments; blobs on handle. Context: C1 4, D1 3. Comments: Good parallels for this type of vase occur in several phases of LH IIIC, with a wide geographical distribution. For LH IIIC Early examples from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 1979: 424, fig. 40.8; Podzuweit 2003: pl. 94.6-8, 95.1-5. For the Seraglio, Kos, see Morricone 1975: 240, no. 1210, fig. 178, left (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1102, no. 78, fig. 450.78, dated to LH IIIC Early). For Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 121, no. 1114, pl. 35β.1114 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 568, no. 335, fig. 209.335, dated to LH IIIC Early); 327, no. 404, pl. 100α.404 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 568, no. 334, fig. 209.334, dated to LH IIIC Early). For LH IIIC Middle examples from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 392, no. 783, pl. 115β. 783 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 585, no. 413, fig. 216.413); 461, no. 961, pl. 138γ.961. For Thebes, see Keramopoulos 1917: 147, fig. 109γ (= Mountjoy 1999a:

Large jug (FS 106) 360 (K496/P173). Large jug. Missing handle, approximately one fifth of rim and body. H. 26.3; rim d. 10.1; base d. 8.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck; two bands on belly; band on lower body. Context: D1 3, 4. Comments: The neck was made separately from the body. For the system of decoration on a jug from Mycenae dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 176.1. For an example from Rhodes dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1040, no. 175, fig. 426.175. However, the present example also has a slightly hollowed rim, a feature typical of LH IIIC Developed jugs; see French 2007: 176; Mountjoy 2007b: 222. See 362; also Chapter 5.4. 361 (K541/P220). Large jug. Approximately one quarter of rim and neck with handle and beginning of shoulder. Max. h. 11.7; est. rim d. 9.0. TB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on 45

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

rim; band on base of neck; band on shoulder; two uneven bands along sides of handle. Context: D1 3. Comments: The short neck on this jug is unusual but similar to the proportions of a globular jug from Lefkandi, Phase 2a; see Popham et al. 2006, 163, fig. 2.28.5, pl. 35.1.

367 (K585/P260). Large jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.9; est. rim d. 10.9. TB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). UP. Context: C1 4. Comments: For a similar beveled rim profile on a linear painted jug from Rhodes, dated to LH IIIC EarlyDeveloped, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1040, no. 174, fig. 426.174.

362 (K583/P258). Large jug, Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.8; est. rim d. 9.0. TB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). IN: two thick lines on rim. EX: two thick lines on rim. Context: D1 4. Comments: For the slightly hollowed rim, see 360. For a similar jug from Lefkandi, but with a solid rim exterior, see Popham et al. 2006: 163, fig. 2.28.3, pl. 26.6 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 175.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 714, no. 67, fig. 273.76, dated to LH IIIC Developed).

368 (K586/P261). Large jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.8; est. rim d. 14.1. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: C1 2. Comments: See 367. 369 (K587/P262). Large jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.8; est. rim d. 11.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). UP. Context: C1/D1 2, 3, D1 3. Comments: See 367.

363 (K1635/P1225). Large jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.2; w. 3.3. WW (10 YR 7/2, light gray; core: 2.5 Y 7/2); light gray slip (10 YR 7/2); grayish brown paint (2.5 Y 5/2). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D1 2. Comments: This system of rim decoration is typical on jugs dated to LH IIIC Middle. See Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 43.332, 333, fig. 44.337, fig. 217.416. Also, Chapter 5.4. On WW in this assemblage, see 131.

370 (K552/P230). Large jug? Fragment of rim with upper part of handle. H. 3.7; est. rim d. 13.6. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D1 3. 371 (K551/P229). Large jug? Fragment of rim with upper part of handle. H. 3.1; est. rim d. 10.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/2, pinkish gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Thick line on rim; band on handle. Context: C1/D1 2b. Comments: While the handles on several large closed shapes are painted with a band, the rim profile is more like that of a jug than hydria or amphora; see e.g., 361.

364 (K596/P270). Large jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.1; w. 3.9. TB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Monochrome. Context: D1 3. 365 (K590/P265). Large jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.7; est. rim d. 10.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/4, reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D1 5. Comments: There are no complete profiles of UP jugs preserved in this assemblage. For a possible parallel from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, with similar rim profile, see Broneer 1939: 395, no. 24, fig. 77a.

372 (K1636/P1226). Large jug? Fragment of handle with lower attachment. H. 4.85; w. 5.0. WW (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Tapering band on handle; band around base of handle. Context: C1/D1 3. Comments: For handles on jugs from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, decorated with wavy bands that taper toward the bottom and intersect with the band around the handle’s base, see Popham et al. 2006: 163, fig. 2.28.3 (not visible in this drawing), pl. 26.6 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 175.2, visible here; Mountjoy 1999a: 714, no. 67, fig. 273.76, dated to LH IIIC Developed); fig. 2.29.1. The firing hole at the base of the handle does not penetrate through.

366 (K589/P264). Large jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.8; est. rim d. 8.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D1 4. Comments: For a similar rim profile on a linear painted jug from Rhodes, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1040, no. 175, fig. 426.175. 46

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

373 (K543/P222). Large jug. Two thirds of body, from base of neck to lower body, with lower handle attachment. H. 17.7; max. d. 21.0. TB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 2.5YR N5/, gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). UP. Context: D1 3. Comments: The brittle condition of the sherds and color of the clay might be due to its having been overfired. The shape as reconstructed, with a depressed-globular body and flat base, is unparalleled in this assemblage.

8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band on neck. Context: D1 3. Comment: The in-curving neck may indicate that this belongs to a neck-handled jug, FS 121; see below. 380 (K612/P286). Medium jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.7; est. rim d. 7.2. FB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (10R 5/8). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on neck. Context: D1 3, 4.

374 (K531/P210). Large jug? Fragment of lower body with half of base. H. 2.9; rest. base d. 8.7. FB (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/8). Red paint (10R 4/8). Band on base. Context: D1 4, C1/D1 3.

381 (K610/P284). Medium jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 1.8; est. rim d. 6.9. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band on neck. Context: D1 3.

375 (K620/P294). Large jug? Fragments of lower neck and body. H. 15.8. TB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: D1 1, 2, 3.

382 (K526/P205). Medium Jug? Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 2.6; base d. 7.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Smoothed surface. UP. Context: D1 4.

376 (K621/P295). Large jug? Fragment of neck and shoulder. H. 6.4. TB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D1 3. Comments: The neck was made separately from the body.

383 (K638/P312). Medium jug? Body sherd. H. 5.3; w. 6.7. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Probably running spirals (perhaps FM 46.57); two bands. Context: C1 3. Comments: For running spirals on the shoulder of a rim-handled jug from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 174, no. 111, fig. 5.12.111 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 914, no. 126, fig. 371.126, dated to LH IIIC Early).

Medium jug (FS 110) 377 (K493/P170). Medium jug. Joining and non-joining fragments from rim to lower body; missing base and approximately two thirds of body, below neck. H. 14.4; rim d. 6.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck; two bands on belly, below level of lower handle attachment; band on handle with reserved triangle near junction with rim. Context: D1 2, 3, 5. Comments: The neck was made separately from the body.

384 (K627/P301). Medium jug? Joining and nonjoining sherds from belly and lower body. H. (largest sherd) 6.4; max. rest. d. 12.8. FB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Two bands on belly; band on lower body. Context: D1 2.

378 (K549/P227). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and handle. Max. h 5.7; w. 3.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Narrow band on rim; band on handle with reserved triangle near junction with rim. Context: D1 4, C1/D1/ 3.

385 (K624/P298). Medium jug? Fragment from belly. H. 5.4; max. rest. d. 12.9. FB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Band. Context: D1 5.

379 (K595/P269). Medium jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.8; est. rim d. 5.4. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR

386 (K625/P299). Medium jug? Fragment from shoulder to belly. H. 5.9; max. rest. d. 13.8. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). 47

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Band; drip of paint. Context: D1 2.

Skyros, see Parlama 1984: 181-182, no. 43, fig. 43.43, pl. 81.43 (= Mountjoy 737, no. 54, fig. 285.54). For several from Kephalonia, see Mountjoy 1999a: 457, nos. 45-48, fig. 164.45-48.

Small jug (FS 115)

Neck-handled jug (FS 121)

387 (K159/P166). Small jug. Missing fragments of rim, body, upper part of handle. H. 8.8; est. rim d. 5.5; base d. 3.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dusky red to dark red (2.5YR 2.5/2-3/6). Narrow band on rim; band on base of neck; two bands on belly; band on base; paint on lower part of handle attachment. Context: C1 2, D1 3, 4. Comments: For a small jug from Chalia, Boeotia, with a similar profile, i.e., a lipless rim and raised, concave base, see Mountjoy 1999a: 682, no. 176, fig. 261.176, dated to LH IIIC Early. For a specimen from Thessaly, also dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1999a: 849, no. 105, fig. 343.105. For an example from Rhodes, dated to LH IIIC Early-IIIC Developed, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1040, no. 177, fig. 426.177. For an example from Skyros, dated to LH IIIC Middle, see Parlama 1984: 174-175, no. 33, fig. 37.33, pl. 78.33 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 735, no. 47, fig. 284.47).

391 (K442/P139/PM2265). Neck-handled jug. Profile preserved from rim to mid-body. H. 23.8; rim d. 10.5. TB, M (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N7/, light gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band below rim, on neck; band on base of neck; two bands enclose line on upper body, below level of lower handle attachment; upper edge of band on belly; band along one side of handle; line along edge of opposite side; hook-shaped band on body, below handle. Context: D1 3. Comments: For an intact example, albeit smaller, with similar banded decoration, from the North Slope of the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1933: 368, no. 3, fig. 40b (= Mountjoy 1999a: 558, no. 279, fig. 204.279, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-IIIIC Early). The hook under the handle of 391 may indicate a later date; see, e.g., the hook at the end of the wavy band on the handle of an amphora from the Granary at Mycenae, dated to LH IIIC Middle (Wace 1921-23: 51, pl. 9a; Mountjoy 1986: fig. 206.1; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 43.330), or on a jug from Kea, also dated to LH IIIC Middle (Mountjoy 1999a: 884, no. 74, fig. 361.74). Publication: Schilardi 1984: 195, fig. 7d.

388 (K594/P268. Small jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.9; est. rim d. 7.5. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Band on rim. Context: D1 3. 389 (K609/P283). Small jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.7; w. 3.2. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Band on rim. Context: D1 4.

392 (K536/P215). Neck-handled jug. Preserved from rim to base of neck, with small fragment of shoulder and upper half of handle. H. 9.3; rim d. 8.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: band on rim. EX: line on inner edge of rim; groups of blobs across rim; band on underside of rim, onto neck; narrow band on neck, below level of handle attachment; band on base of neck; two converging bands on handle, form reserved V at attachment with neck. Context: D1 3, C1/D1 3. Comments: For a neck-handed jug from Phylakopi with similar decoration of blobs on the rim, see Mountjoy 2007b: 347, fig. 8.24.442, pl. 39d (= Mountjoy 1999a: 914, no. 127, fig. 371.127, dated to LH IIIC Early).

390 (K631/P305). Small jug? Fragment of mid-body. H. 3.8. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Monochrome. Context: D1 3 Comments: While the fragment is certainly from a small closed vase, it is not possible to identify the shape with confidence. Small monochrome jugs with fairly globular bodies have a rather widespread distribution during LH IIIC. For a possible LH IIIC Early parallel from Perati, see Iakovidis 1984: 400, no. 817, pl. 118α.817 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 570, no. 341, fig. 210.341); from Skyros, see Parlama 1984: 180-181, no. 42, fig. 42.42, pl. 81.42 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 734, no. 34, fig 283.341). For possible parallels dating to LH IIIC Late from Mycenae, see Wace 1932: 7, no. 6, pl. 11.6 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig 241.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 175, no. 381, fig. 51.381); from Lefkandi, Phase 2b, see Popham et al. 2006: 203, fig. 2.31.11 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 719, no. 84, fig. 276.84); from

393 (K537/P216). Neck-handled jug. Preserved from rim to base of neck, with small fragment of shoulder and upper handle attachment. H. 9.3; rim d. 8.3. TB, M (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 7/3, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2).

48

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on rim; band on base of neck; paint on handle attachment. Context: C1 3, D1 3. Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 186β (right).

Context: D1 3. 399 (K614/P288). Neck-handled jug. Fragment of neck and shoulder. H. 6.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Band on base of neck. Context: C1 3. Comments: The neck was made separately from the body.

394 (K538/P217). Neck-handled jug. Fragment from neck and shoulder with handle. H. 9.5; max pr. w. 19.5. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Uneven band on base of neck; paint along edges of handle. Context: C1/D1 4.

400 (K617/P291). Neck-handled jug. Fragment from base of neck and upper shoulder. H. 3.2; w. 7.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray; core: 7.5YR 6/2, pinkish gray). Pinkish gray slip (7.5YR 7/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Uneven band on base of neck. Context: D1 4. Comments: The jug broke at the point of attachment of the neck and body, as suggested by the smooth, rounded, outer edge of the fragment.

395 (K401/P81/PM2120). Neck-handled jug. Fragment from neck to shoulder with upper handle attachment. H. 8.1. CR (10R 4/1-10R 3/6, dark reddish gray to dark red; core: 2.5YR N3/, very dark gray). Slip fired dark reddish gray to dark red (10R 4/1-3/6). Black paint (2.5YR N2.5/). Prominent ridge on base of neck. IN: drips. EX: band on base of neck; paint on handle. Context: C1 4, D1 3. Comments: This CR jug is unique in the assemblage (on CR ware vases in this assemblage, see Chapter 1.3, and Appendix 1, for other examples of CR vases). The ridge at the base of the neck might have been intended to imitate the ridge that appears on metal vessels, made from the separate metal strip which concealed the join of the vase’s neck and shoulder; see 1038; also Koehl 1986.

Jug/amphora/hydria 401 (K616/P290). Jug/amphora/hydria. Two nonjoining fragments from base of neck and shoulder with traces of lower handle attachment. H. 10.6; w. 8.4. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). Band on base of neck; band below level of handle attachment; paint on edge of handle attachment (shown in photograph). Context: D1 3. Comments: The opening at the neck is insufficiently preserved to determine with certainty to which shape it belongs.

396 (K544/P223). Neck-handled jug. Approximately one third of vase, from base of neck to lower body, with lower part of handle. H. (without handle) 22.3; w. 27.0. FB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: C1 2.

Trefoil-rimmed jug (FS 137)

397 (K546/P225). Neck-handled jug. Joining and nonjoining fragments from base of neck and shoulder. H. 8.0; max. rest. w. 21.2. FB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Solid neck; paneled patterns from base of neck to shoulder: vertical rows enclosed by single lines; two rows of vertical linked semicircles bordered by pairs of uneven diagonal lines (cf. FM 75.40); fringed circles between panels, FM 41. Context: C1 3, D1 3, 4. Comments: For a collar-necked jar from Perati with a solid neck and similar shoulder decoration of paneled patterns and fringed circles, see Iakovidis 1984: 265, no. 159, pl. 76γ.159 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 204.63; Mountjoy 1999a: 584, no. 405, fig. 216.405, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

402 (K602/P276). Trefoil rimmed jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.8; w. 6.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dusky red to red (2.5YR 2.5/24/6). Monochrome. Context: D1 4. Comments: For an example from Mycenae with a monochrome rim and neck, see French 2011: CD 663664, no. 64-1406. For examples from Aplomata, Naxos, dated to LH IIIC Advanced, see Kardara 1977: 31, no. 923, pl. 38 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 949, no. 35, fig. 387. 35); 41, no. 938, pl. 52α (= Mountjoy 1999a: 949, no. 36, fig. 387. 36). For the chronological implications here, see Chapter 5.4.

398 (K615/P289). Neck-handled jug. Fragment of neck and upper body. H. 6.5; w. 12.6. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/8). Band on base of neck; edge of band on body.

403 (K503/P180). Cooking jug. Complete profile; missing approximately half of rim, body, and base. H. 12.0; est. rim d. 12.0; base d. 5.7. TB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP.

Cooking jug (FS 65)

49

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: C1 2, C1/D1 2. Comments: For a specimen from Mycenae, see French 2011: CD 410-411, no. 64-515. For examples from Lefkandi, Phases 1a-2a, see Popham et al. 2006: 207, fig. 2.33.1-5, pl. 23.3, 5, pl.28 1, pl. 35.6.

yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on body. Context: C1 2, D1 2, 3. Comments: The identification of the fragment as a hydria is not certain but surmised from the profile and diameter of its flat, raised base. For a complete profile from Korakou, with a slightly concave raised base, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 178.1 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 228, no. 175, fig. 73.175, dated to LH IIIC Early). See also Chapter 4.3.

Small lekythos (FS 122) 404 (K424/P119). Small lekythos. Fragment from base of neck to base, with approximately two-thirds of body, one third of base, lower handle attachment. H. 8.9; base d. 4.0. FB (2.5YR 6/2, pale red; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pale red slip (2.5YR 6/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome down to reserved lower body and base. Context: D1 2, 3, 4. Comments: On the underside of its base are concentric grooves and ridges; see also 253. For a narrow-necked monochrome vase with a reserved lower body, perhaps a lekythos, from Tiryns, dated to LH IIIC Developed, see Podzuweit 1979: 430, fig. 45.1. For an LH IIIC Advanced example from Aplomata, Naxos, see Kardara 1977: 41, no. 939, pl. 52β (= Mountjoy 1999a: 949, no. 30, fig. 386.30; Vlachopoulos 2006: 123-124, fig. 21.939). For an LH IIIC Late example from Agrapidochori, Elis, see Mountjoy 1999a: 395, no. 90, fig. 138.90. From Delphi, see Mountjoy 1999a: 787, no. 275, fig. 310.275. For its chronological implications here, see Chapter 5.4.

408 (K488/P164). Hydria? Fragment of lower body with three-quarters of base. H. 6.2; base d. 11.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D1 3. Comments: See 407. 409 (K525/P204). Hydria? Fragment of lower body with one third of base. H. 8.2; rest. base d. 11.2. TB, M (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Traces of burning on surface. Context: C1 4, 9, D1 4. Comments: See 407. The blackened surface is the result of secondary burning, presumably from the time of the building’s destruction. 410 (K527/P206). Hydria? Fragment of lower body with two-thirds of base. H. 4.0; base d. 11.1. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Brown paint (7.5YR 4/4). Band on base. Context: D1 2. Comments: See 407.

405 (K613/P287). Small lekythos. Fragment of rim and neck with upper half of handle. H. 3.8; est. rim d. 3.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 4/8-5YR 2.5/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band along edges of handle. Context: C1 2. Comments: For a lekythos from Perati with a similar lipless rim, incurving neck, and banded decoration, see Iakovidis 1969: 174, no. 42, pl. 52γ.42. (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 211.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 587, no. 427, fig. 218.427, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

Feeding Bottle (FS 162) 411 (K605/P279). Feeding bottle. Fragment of rim and neck with one handle attachment (handle restored in drawing). H. 3.2. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Monochrome. Context: C1 3. Comments: The fragment preserves enough of one handle attachment to indicate that it is a ‘basket,’ type, attached to opposite sides of the rim in an arch, and thus identifying the vase as a feeding bottle. These have a wide distribution in LH IIIC Early and Middle. For an example from Korakou, see Mountjoy 1999a: 228, no. 177, fig 73.177, dated to LH IIIC Early. For examples from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 196, nos. 698, 699, 704, pl. 58.698, 699, 704 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 179.1, dated to LH IIIC Early); Iakovidis 1969: 388, nο. 771, pl. 114ε.771 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 589, no. 438, fig. 219.438, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

406 (K630/P304). Small lekythos? Fragment of neck and shoulder. H. 3.1. FB (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Band on junction of neck and shoulder. Context: D1 3. Hydria (FS 128) 407 (K528/P207). Hydria? Fragment of lower body with entire base. H. 10.2; base d. 10.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish 50

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Large stirrup jar (FS 164)

body; concentric circles or spiral on disc (shown in photograph). Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: See 412.

412 (K440/P137/PM3213). Large stirrup jar. Nearly complete profile; missing upper part of one handle, part of the disc top, fragments of body and base. H. (disc to base) 38.5; disc d. 7.6; spout d. 6.15; max. d. 32.6; base d. 10.3. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Isolated spiral on top of disc (FM 52.8); uneven, narrow band on edge of disc; band on base of false neck; narrow band on edge of spout; band on base of spout; narrow band on edges of handles; wavy band down center of handles; band around base of handles; on shoulder, isolated triangles, bifurcated with line from apex to base; groups of carelessly painted bands on body: three on shoulder, three on belly, two on lower body; band on base. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a stirrup jar from Kalymnos with similar profile and banded decoration, see Forsdyke 1925:191, no. A1009, pl. 16.A1009. The shoulder motif may be a stiffened version of the tassel pattern, which is common on these jars in LH IIIB; see, e.g. Blegen 1928: 150-151, figs.139, 140; Mountjoy 1999a: 220-222, fig. 70.129. Interestingly, chemical analysis suggests this may be an import from the Argolid (see Appendix 1, S15). Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 188γ; Schilardi 1984: 194, fig. 7c; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 48.

415 (K632/P306). Large stirrup jar. False neck with most of disc; upper handle attachments. H. 5.3; est. disc d. 4.5. CR, M (2.5YR 4/6, red; core: 5YR 4/1, dark gray). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). Isolated spiral on disc (FM 52.8). Context: C1 6. Comments: This is the only CR ware stirrup jar in the assemblage. 416 (K653/P337). Large stirrup jar. Fragment of approximately one third of body, from shoulder to below mid-point, with non-joining fragments from shoulder and body. H. 21.2; est. max. d. 32.5. FB, M (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR N5/, gray). Paint fired yellowish red to black (5YR 5/8-7.5YR N2/). Three even bands on upper body; indeterminate curvilinear motif on belly; three even bands below. Context: D1 2, 3, 5. Comments: The uniform dark gray color of the IN seems the result of secondary burning, traces of which also appear on the EX. Furthermore, its IN surface is soft to the touch, and somewhat greasy in texture. Perhaps the jar was full of oil and exploded at the time of the building’s conflagration.

Large stirrup jar (FS 167)

Medium stirrup jar, squat (FS 181)

413 (K633/P307). Large stirrup jar. Broad torus disc base with fragment of lower body. H. 6.1; base d. 8.4. TB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on junction of lower body and base; two bands on base. Context: D1 3. Comments: For a medium-sized version with a complete profile from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 390, fig. 72a (= Mountjoy 1999a: 553.257, fig. 201.257, dated to LH IIIB:2).

417 (K556/P234). Medium stirrup jar. Joining and nonjoining fragments from shoulder, belly, entire base. Max. rest. h. 11.2; max. rest. d. 15.9; base d. 5.8. TB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (2.5YR N2.5/). Parallel chevrons on shoulder (FM 58.22); group of three even bands on belly; group of three even bands on lower body; band on base. Context: D1 2, 3, 4. Medium stirrup jar, type indeterminate

Large stirrup jar, type indeterminate

418 (K429/P124). Medium stirrup jar. Fragment of upper body, with disc, fragment of false neck, one handle, upper attachment from second handle, lower part of spout, approximately half of upper shoulder. H. 8.8; max. d. 17.1; disc d. 4.2. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Dot in center with concentric circles on disc; band on base of false neck and spout; band on edges of handles; isolated concentric semicircles on shoulder (FM 43); two bands enclose lines on upper body; lines below.

414 (K501/P178). Large stirrup jar. Missing false neck and handles, most of shoulder, half of body, all of base; spout preserved; non-joining fragment of disc. H. (shoulder to lowest pr. edge) 31.8; spout d. 8.0; max. d. 34.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/28/1, very pale brown to white; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Slip fired very pale brown to white (10YR 8/2-8/1). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Narrow band on edge of spout; band on base of spout; groups of bands on body: three on upper body; three on belly; edge of band on lower 51

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: C1/D1 2, 3. Comments: Note that the disc is slightly domed, a distinctive feature of LH IIIC stirrup jars (Mountjoy 1986: 145; see also Chapter 5.4). For similar shoulder decoration on a stirrup jar from Achaea, see Mountjoy 1999a: 429, no. 99, fig. 150.99, dated to LH IIIC Middle.

422 (K559/P237). Small stirrup jar. Three non-joining fragments from shoulder to below belly, with lower part of spout, one handle attachment. H. (from shoulder to lowest pr. edge of body) 4.9; max. d. 7.3. FB (2.5Y 6/2, light brownish gray; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Light brownish gray slip (2.5Y 6/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Parallel chevrons on shoulder (FM 58.17); band around base of false neck (not preserved) and spout; band on shoulder; group of lines on upper body; band on belly; band. Context: D1 4. Comments: The ware stands out for its color and finely levigated clay; perhaps an import.

419 (K564/P241). Medium stirrup jar. Fragment of lower body with approximately half of base. H. 7.0; rest. base d. 5.5. TB, M (10YR 8/2, white; core: 5YR 5/4, reddish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Widely spaced bands; band on base. Context: C1 3. Comments: The clay is poorly levigated, with a denser than usual concentration of inclusions. They appear on the surface through the thick white slip, which is also unusual.

423 (K557/P235). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of shoulder with lower part of spout, one handle attachment, joining and non-joining fragments from shoulder and belly. Est. h. (from shoulder to lowest pr. edge of body) 6.3; max. rest. d. 12.3. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Isolated semicircles filled with a triangular patch of joining semicircles (FM 42.21) on shoulder; band on base of spout; even bands on body. Context: D1 2, 3. Comments: The clay and paint are heavily abraded. The triangular patch of joining semicircles on the shoulder seems particularly popular in Phokis in LH IIIB:2. See Mountjoy 1999a: figs. 301.141-143, 302.151, 153, 157, 158. However, its use as a filling motif inside a semicircle seems unusual.

420 (K534/P213). Medium stirrup jar. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.0; base d. 7.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Band on base. Context: C1 2. Small stirrup jar, globular (FS 174) 421 (K130/P1415/PM2028). Small stirrup jar. Nearly intact; missing spout and one handle. H. (disc to base) 12.8; disc d. 3.3; max. d. 11.6; base d. 5.3. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Spiral on disc (FM 52.6), with band on edge; solid paint on handles, with careless reserved triangle at junction with disc; band on base of false neck; unvoluted flowers on shoulder (FM 18C); bands enclose line group on upper body; narrow patterned zone at belly with vertical wavy line groups (FM 53.35); bands enclose line group, below; reserved lower body zone with loop-shaped blob; band on lower body and on base enclose group of lines; three concentric lines on underside of base. Context: D1 4. Comments: The vase’s ware and lustrous surface stand out in this assemblage and, based on autopsy, suggest it may be an import, perhaps from the Argolid. The slightly domed disc on the false neck and its spiral with solid center, the angular unvoluted flowers on the shoulder, and the narrow belly zone of vertical wavy lines are best paralleled by a stirrup jar from Eutresis, House V. See Goldman 1931: 190, no. 3, fig. 263.3 (= Mountjoy 1983: 88, no. 74, fig. 35.74, pl. 18a [74]; Mountjoy 1986: fig. 180.2, dated to LH IIIC Early; Mountjoy 1999a: 180, no. 165, fig. 260.165, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early). The same shoulder and body zone decorations appear on a stirrup jar from Ialysos, Rhodes, dated to LH IIIB; see Desborough 1964: 2, pl. 2b. See also 600. Publication: Schilardi 1984: 193, fig. 7b.

424 (K194/P103). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of approximately one quarter of vase, from shoulder to lower body with a small fragment of base. H. 8.2; est. base d. 4.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 5/4, brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 2.5/2-2.5YR 4/6). Two bands enclose line groups on shoulder, belly, and lower body/base. Context: C1/D1 3. 425 (K623/P297). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder to lower body. H. 8.4. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/8). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Two bands enclose zone of zigzags (FM 61.3) on shoulder; band on belly; band on lower body. Context: C1 2, D1 2, 3. Small stirrup jar, squat perked-up (FS 180) 426 (K494/P171). Small stirrup jar. Preserved from shoulder to lower body, with lower handle attachments, base of false neck and spout. H. 7.4; max. d. 10.8. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Uneven bands on 52

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

base of handle attachments, false neck, and spout; unvoluted flowers on shoulder (cf. FM 18C.136); two bands enclose line group on upper body; edge of band on lower body. Context: D1 2, C1/D1 4. Comments: For a similar shoulder motif on an LH IIIB:1 stirrup jar from the Athens Acropolis, see Mountjoy 1999a: 548, no. 227, fig. 198.227.

7/4). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/4). Thick line around base of handle and around base of false neck; multiple stem and tongue (FM 19.31) on shoulder; band. Context: D1 4. 431 (K104/P714). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder with disc and false neck, one handle, upper attachment from second handle (restored in drawing). H. (from top of disc) 3.5; disc d. 3.5. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (2.5Y N2/). Spiral on disc (FM 52.5); narrow band on edge of disc; band on handles with reserved triangle near attachment with disc; band around base of false neck; on shoulder, cross hatched lozenges (FM 73y) or triangles (FM 61A.4). Context: D1 3. Comments: On the chronological significance of the low, rounded protuberance in the center of the disc, see Chapter 5.4.

Small stirrup jar, squat (FS 181) 427 K558/P236). Small stirrup jar. Three non-joining fragments from shoulder and upper body, with one handle and base of spout. Est. h. (from base of spout to lowest pr. edge) 3.2; est. max. d. 9.8. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/2 pinkish gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark brown paint (10YR 2/2). Band on handle; multiple stem and tongue (FM 19.31) on shoulder; two bands enclose line group on upper body; lines below. Context: C1 2, 3, C1/D1 2. Comments: The pale, slightly greenish color of this vase may be due to its having been overfired, which might also account for its poor surface preservation.

432 (K411/P94). Small stirrup jar. Disc with upper part of two handles, part of false neck. H. 3.7; disc d. 3.4. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint shaded dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 3/2-5YR 4/6). Spiral on disc (FM 52.5); narrow band on edge of disc; uneven band around base of false neck; solid handles with reserved triangles at junction with disc. Context: D1 3.

428 (K427/P122/PM2121). Small stirrup jar? Preserved from shoulder to base, with base of spout. H. 8.9; max. d. 11.4; base d. 4.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (10YR 3/4). Band on base of spout; two bands on body; uneven band on base. Context: D1 3. Comments: Based on the angle of attachment for the spout, it is possible that the fragment belongs to a feeding bottle, FS 162. See, e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 428.188, from Rhodes, dated to LH IIIC Early-Middle (developed).

433 (K560/P238). Small stirrup jar. Disc with upper part of two handles, false neck. H. (from top of disc) 2.5; disc d. 2.5. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Spiral with solid center on disc; narrow band on edge of disc; uneven band around base of false neck; solid handles with reserved triangles at junction with disc. Context: D1 4.

Small stirrup jar, type indeterminate 429 (K409/P92). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder, with disc and false neck, one handle; quarter of circular perforation from base of spout. H. from top of disc 3.8. disc d. 2.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Painted shaded black to dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/1-3/4). Narrow band on edge of disc, onto handle; band on handle with reserved triangle at attachment with disc; band around base of false neck and spout; unvoluted flower (FM 18C), on shoulder; edge of band. Context: D1 3.

434 (K196/P102). Small stirrup jar. Most of disc with one handle and false neck. H. 3.8; disc d. 3.0. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (10R 4/8). Solid center with concentric circles on disc; narrow band on edge of disc; band on handle with reserved triangle at junction with disc; uneven band around base of false neck. Context: C1 3. 435 (K562/P240). Small stirrup jar. Disc with one handle attachment (second handle attachment restored in drawing). H. 1.1. Disc d. 2.7. FB (5Y 8/2, white). White slip (5Y 8/2). Very dark grayish brown paint (2.5Y 3/2). Isolated wobbly spiral with solid center; band on handle with reserved triangles at junction with disc.

430 (K569/P244). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder, with base of false neck and one handle attachment. H. 2.5. w. 8.6. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 53

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: D1 2. Comments: The pale, slightly greenish color of this vase may be due to its having been overfired. On the chronological significance of the low, rounded protuberance in the center of the disc, see Chapter 5.4.

441 (K907/P333). Small stirrup jar. Body sherd from shoulder. H. 2.1; w. 4.5. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Unvoluted flower (close to FM 18C.128). Context: D1 3.

436 (K128/P239). Small stirrup jar. Disc with upper part of two handles and false neck. H. 2.0 (from top of disc); disc d. 2.2. FB (10 YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5 YR N2/). Circle on center of disc; band around edge; band on handles with reserved triangles at junction with disc. Context: C1/D1. Comments: On the chronological significance of the low, rounded protuberance in the center of the disc, see Chapter 5.4.

442 (K767/P468). Small stirrup jar. Two non-joining fragments from shoulder. Largest sherd: h. 5.5; w. 9.3. FB (10YR 6/2, light brownish gray; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Light brownish gray slip (10YR 6/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Line group, band, line group, band, zone of pendant isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43.13); band. Context: D1 3, E1 12. 443 (K626/P300). Small stirrup jar. Shoulder fragment. H. 4.7; w. 7.7. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Two bands enclose narrow zone of zigzags (FM 61.3); edge of band. Context: D1 2, D2 2.

437 (K565/P242). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 1.8; base d. 4.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Band on lower body and on base enclose group of carelessly painted lines; three concentric circles on underside. Context: D1 2. Comments: J.B. Rutter notes that the hand-drawn character of these concentric circles, which would usually be drawn when the vase was on the wheel on Argive LH IIIA:2-IIIB stirrup jars, is typical of ‘peripheral pottery workshops in LH IIIC’ (pers. comm.).

444 (K141/P245). Small stirrup jar. Shoulder fragment. H. 4.1; w. 6.7. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). Uncertain vertical pattern with (left to right): two rows of dots, a curved line, a single row of dots, a curved line, two rows of dots; below, two bands enclose narrow zone of vertical lines (cf. FM 64.21). Context: D1 3.

438 (K567/P243). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 4.1; base d. 4.2. FB, SM (5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Edge of one band; second band; band on base. Context: D1 3.

445 (K628/P302). Small stirrup jar? Joining and nonjoining body sherds. H. 7.6 (largest sherd); max. rest. d. 12.5. FB, M (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/8). Red paint (10R 4/8). Three even bands; burnished after painting. Context: C1/D1 3, C1 4, E1 12. Comments: The strong pink color of the clay and burnishing of the surface are unusual, suggesting this may be an import.

439 (K566/P601). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 1.8; base d. 4.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Band on base; drips of paint on upper edge of band (visible in photograph). Context: D1 3.

Large lentoid flask (FS 186) 446 (K445/P140/PM2266. Large lentoid flask. Approximately two-thirds of body; missing upper body with mouthpiece and handle. Max. rest. h. 33.8; w. 28.35. FB, M (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 2.5YR N6/, gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dusky red paint (2.5YR 2.5/2). Vertical groups of thick lines enclosing bands; at carination, vertical band with wavy edges; on tip, circular band encloses solid circle. Context: D1 3, 4.

440 (K568/P602). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of lower body with base. H. 2.6; base d. 5.1. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on lower body and on base enclose group of lines. Context: D1 5.

54

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Comments: This vase was made from two large hemispherical ‘bowls’, joined at their openings, whose seam was covered by the band with wavy edges. All parallels for this vase date to LH IIIC Advanced or possibly LH IIIC Late. The closest one comes from Rhodes; see Mountjoy 1999a: 1074, no. 278, fig. 440.278, dated to LH IIIC Advanced. For a fragment from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 178, no. 125, fig. 5.12.125 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 928, no. 200, fig. 379.200, dated to LH IIIC Advanced). For an example from Kea, see Mountjoy 1999a: 884, no. 76, fig. 361.76. For Aplomata, Naxos, see Kardara 1977: 43, no. 952, pl. 56 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 957, no. 53, fig. 390.53, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For examples from Kamini, Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 367, nos. 1825, 1826, 1836; 384, no. 1832, pl. 39.1832; 400, no.1831, fig. 25.1831, pl. 52.1831 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 957, no 52, fig. 390.52, dated to LH IIIC Middle ); 367, no. 1825, pl. 20.1825; 326, no. 1826, pl. 20.1826; 367, no. 1836, pl. 21.1836. For an example from the Müskebi cemetery near Bodrum, see Özgünel 1996: 137 (FS 186, no. 1), pl. 22.1. For further discussion, see Chapter 5.3

449 (K124/P60/PM2118). Straight-sided lid. Complete profile; missing fragments of top and sides. H. 5.6; d. 14.2; central perforation d. 0.45. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). On top, band around central perforation and second band enclose line group; third band near middle; on sides, band on corner and lower edge. Context: D1 trench 2 2, 3, 4. 450 (K659/P343). Straight-sided lid. Fragment from top and side. H. 3.4; est. bottom d. 9.3. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Narrow bands on top and sides. Context: D1 5. Comments: For a similar lid from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 197, no. 394, fig. 5.24.394. For Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 108.6. 451 (K660/P344). Straight-sided lid. Fragment from side. H. 6.0; est. bottom d. 10.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red to dark reddish brown (5YR 5/8-2.5/2). Three bands. Context: D1 4.

Small lentoid flask (FS 186) 447 (K652/P336). Small lentoid flask. Body sherd. H. 7.4; w. 6.7. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Two vertical lines enclose a band. Context: D1 4. Comments: For examples from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 281, no. 431, pl. 81β.431 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 248.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 619.586, fig.237.586, dated to LH IIIC Late); Iakovidis 1969: 311-312, no. 205, pl. 93α.205. For an example from Kalymnos, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1136, no. 25, fig. 466.25, dated to LH IIIC Middle.

452 (K661/P345). Straight-sided lid. Fragment from side. H. 4.0; est. bottom d. 12.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (2.5YR 3/4-5/8). Two bands; narrow band near base. Context: D1 4. 453 (K662/P346). Straight-sided lid. Fragment from top and side. H. 5.1; est. bottom d. 13.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Two widely spaced bands on side. Context: D1 2.

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) 448 (K123/P55/PM2035). Straight-sided lid. Complete profile; missing fragments of top and sides. H. 7.0.; d. 17.0; central perforation d. 0.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired red to dusky red (10R 4/8-3/4). On top, band around central perforation, line group, band, line group, band; on sides, band on corner; band on bottom. Context: C1/D1 2, D1 trench A and B 3, 4. Comments: The domed top resembles an example from Perati; Iakovidis 1969: pl. 6α.320. For a possible specimen from Thorikos, see Mountjoy 1995a: 212, no. 104, fig. 9.104. For similar linear decoration on straight-sided lids from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 386.16, fig. 65a-j. For a parallel from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 188, no. 314, fig. 5.19.314 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 185, fig. 375.185, dated to LH IIIC Early). Publication: Schilardi 1977: 367, pl. 188β.

454 (K882/P584). Straight-sided lid. Fragment from top, with part of central perforation. H. 2.7; w. 3.3; perforation d. 0.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/2). Line group and band. Context: C1/D1 2. 455 (K883/P585). Straight-sided lid. Fragment from top, with part of central perforation. H. 3.2; w. 2.4; perforation d. 0.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Narrow bands. Context: D1 3. 55

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

wooden shelves, as suggested by the small pieces of carbon and ash mixed with the soil, particularly in the upper part of the stratum, they do not seem to have been arranged strictly by shape, as different shapes were found together, notably deep bowls, kylikes, and stirrup jars.

Disc-shaped lid 456 (K92/P121/PM2225). Disc-shaped lid. Missing small chip from edge. D. 6.0; flange on underside d. 4.0. Upper surface slightly concave. Four perforations evenly spaced around edge. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). On upper surface, wide circular band encloses four narrow circular bands. On underside, traces of paint, perhaps a band. Context: D1 trench 2 4. Comments: This lid was surely intended to be tied to a vase, though no vase in this assemblage presents itself as a likely candidate. None have the right diameter to accommodate the flange, nor are any provided with handles or perforations which would correspond to those on the lid, enabling it to be secured in place. Publication: Schilardi 2016: fig. 55 (right).

This storeroom seems to have originally contained a minimum of 273 vases, with one CR kylix, 26 TB ware vases, and 246 FB ware vases (see Appendix 2b). Interestingly, the proportions of drinking vases and deep bowls differ significantly here from Storeroom 1, where drinking vases and deep bowls were found in approximately equal numbers. In this storeroom, there was a minimum of 31 deep bowls versus a minimum of 32 kylikes, 37 low-stemmed cups, two deep semiglobular cups and one mug, or 72 drinking vases; that is, more than double the number of deep bowls. In both Storerooms 1 and 2, after the deep bowl and the kylix and low-stemmed cup, next in frequency is the deep spouted cup, with a minimum of 42 specimens in Storeroom 1 and 17 in storeroom 2. As discussed elsewhere (Chapters 4.4, 4.5, 6), this shape may have been particularly popular in the Cyclades. Storeroom 2 also contained three fragmentary ring-based kraters, one of which, 540, found in the northeast corner, was painted with a unique pictorial image.

457 (K636/P310). Disc-shaped lid. Complete. D. 4.8. CR (7.5YR 5/4, brown; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). Brown slip (7.5YR 5/4). UP. Context: C1 4. Comments: Unlike 456, this is simply a flat, handmade cap that could have been attached any number of ways. Its surface is roughly finished. Context 2. Storeroom 2

The strata above, 10 and 11, yielded relatively small amounts of ceramics, although they have the same character as the ceramics from stratum 12. These strata were largely comprised of significant amounts of ash, limestone blocks, schist stone slabs, chunks of plaster, pithos fragments, and at least five circular schist slabs, probably lids. These two strata seem to have comprised the debris from the floor and walls of a room located directly above storeroom 2. Notable is 475, from stratum 10, a rare example of a kylix made in CR ware.

Storeroom 2 lies within square E1, immediately to the east of Storeroom 1, in squares C1 and D1 (Figures 1, 7). In fact, the wall dividing these two storerooms lay inside the baulk between D1 and E1. The room itself has interior dimensions of 4.0 by 2.60 m. Like Storeroom 1 and Storeroom 3, located immediately to its east in square F1, the walls of storeroom 2 are bonded to the inner face of the Great South Wall, whose inner face also serves as the back wall of the storeroom (Figures 1, 7). A doorway in the room’s north wall connects it with the southern east-west jog of the main East-West Corridor, in square E2, via a staircase, still unexcavated in the common baulk of E1/E2 (Figure 1).

No ceramics were cataloged from strata 8 and 9. The rubble stones, mud, and plaster which comprised these strata might be debris from the upper part of a putative upper story room. Small amounts of Mycenaean pottery were found in the strata above, 2 through 7, although it is unclear whether this material had washed down from the rooms to the north, perhaps at the time of the building’s destruction, or was the result of disturbances from subsequent Geometric building activity in the area. The few fragments of Mycenaean pottery found in strata 1 to 3 seem to represent a limited reoccupation after the building’s destruction (see Chapter 3).

Most of the ceramics from Storeroom 2 come from its main destruction level, stratum 12. At the top of this thick stratum were numerous chunks of burned mud with reed impressions, most likely the remains of the room’s roof or ceiling material (Shaw 1977). At the bottom of the stratum, four pithoi were found on the east and south side of the room lying on their sides. Along the west wall, the skeleton of a female was found burrowed into the debris lying on her side in a crouched position (Schilardi 2016: 33, 47, fig. 41). At her foot was a crushed pithos.

Sounding from floor to bedrock (strata 13-16) (Table 1) While the excavation of Storeroom 2, from surface to floor, took place during the 1979 season, a two by four meter deep sounding was dug into the southern half of the room in 1982, from floor to bedrock, to clarify

The majority of the fine ware vases were found in the room’s northeast corner and along the southern wall. Although some of them may have been stored on 56

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

questions regarding the building’s history and method of construction. The lowest stratum, 16, was composed of clay-like earth and small stones which covered the bedrock and appears to have served as a footing for the storeroom’s side walls and probably for the Great South Wall. Covering stratum 16 was stratum 15, a thick fill of earth and small stones, which was probably meant to raise the floor level, as the ground slopes off steeply at this part of the Koukounaries Hill. The excavation of stratum 15 also revealed that the base of the Great South Wall was constructed with a schist slab bedding, followed by two courses of large, quasi-ashlar blocks (on Cycladic ‘Cyclopean’ and pseudo-ashlar masonry, see Koehl 2018a: 429-430; Loader 1998: 13, 117-122, 128).

noted above, the ceramics from strata 15 and 16 provide the most conclusive evidence for the construction date of the building complex. Although the area of the sounding itself was relatively small, because the building was probably constructed in a single architectural event, rather than agglutinatively (Koehl 2018a: 430), the ceramics retrieved from this sounding may be taken as representative of the whole. A study of 29 diagnostic ceramics from these strata suggests that they belong to the same chronological phase as do the ceramics from the main occupation phase, i.e., LH IIIC Developed (see Chapter 5.4). For example, the low-stemmed cup or kylix fragment, 480, from stratum 16, has a wide band around its base and solid stem, like 32 or 69. The rounded monochrome kylix, 461, from stratum 15, resembles 459, 460, and 470 from stratum 12. Finally, the two fragmentary small angular ringbased kraters from stratum 15, 542 and 543, belong to a shape that does not occur prior to LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1986: 174, fig. 224; for further discussion, see Chapter 4.3). It would thus seem that the building was constructed and inhabited during LH IIIC Developed (for further discussion, see Chapter 5.4).

Stratum 14, a relatively thin level with hard-packed soil, schist flakes, unworked limestone blocks, and small pieces of carbon, also contained an almost complete medium-sized jug, 575, found crushed between two blocks. It appears to have been deposited intact and then intentionally smashed. Based on its intact condition, and some of the ceramics from levels 15 and 16, discussed below, the deposition and postdeposition treatment of 575 may best be understood in a ritual context, most likely one associated with the construction of the building. The floor itself, stratum 13, was comprised of a thin, hard-packed layer of pebbles and earth, with few cultural remains.

In addition to the significant bearing that the ceramics from these two lowest strata have on understanding the building’s construction history, they also offer a hint at activities performed at the time of its construction. As already mentioned, an intact narrow-necked, mediumsized jug, 575, was found in situ in stratum 14, having been placed between two stones and intentionally smashed.

While most of the ceramics from Storeroom 2 were found in its main destruction level, stratum 12, as

Table 1. Cataloged pottery from the deep sounding in Storeroom 2 (E 1) (repeated catalog numbers indicate cross joins). Vase shape Rounded kylix

Low-stemmed cup

Stratum 13

Stratum 14

Stratum 15

459 (also stratum 12), 462

462

461 480, 482

Mug

484 516

520

Stemmed bowl

535

532

Deep bowl

Carinated krater

547, 548, 549, 552

Kalathos

544

Deep spouted cup

Large collar necked jar Medium jug

507, 513, 524, 526

542, 543

Basin (decorated)

Large piriform jar

Stratum 16

494 559 562 (mostly in stratum 12) 575

Small stirrup jar

562 576, 585, 577, 580

583, 584 604, 606

Medium closed vase

618

Large closed vase

612

Straight-sided lid

624

57

612

617

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Although most of the ceramics from strata 15 and 16 are comprised of shapes which are also common in the building’s main occupation level, two groups are unusual and unique to this context. In stratum 15 were the two fragmentary small angular ring-based kraters, 542 and 543, mentioned above. Based on their matching rim decorations, though different rim profiles, it would appear they were made as a set. Indeed, they are the only examples of this shape from the site. This same stratum also contained a kalathos, 544, a vase with ritual connotations. Stratum 16 contained four decorated open vases identified here as basins, 547-549, 552, based on their diameters, thick walls, and beveled rim profiles. Their similar profiles, paint color, and decoration might suggest that they too were made as a kind of set. Perhaps the ceramics from the two lowest strata, along with the ceramics from stratum 14, specifically the jug, 575, represent the remains of a foundation ceremony conducted along the inner face of the Great South Wall. Indeed, the treatment of 575 provides the most compelling evidence for ritual behavior associated with the founding of the site. While the entire ritual cannot be reconstructed with confidence, that it involved liquids, specifically libations, would not be inconsistent with the ceramic evidence; perhaps, too, some eating, toasting and drinking occurred (see also Lis and Van Damme 2020). Apparently, though, the deposition and breaking of 575 was its final act.

H. (to top of rim) 5.6; w. 6.3. FB (2.5YR 2.5/2-2.5YR 3/4, very dusky red to dark reddish brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Paint fired very dusky red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 2.5/2-3/4). Monochrome IN and EX. Surface smoothed. Context: E1 12. 461 (K1106/P800). Rounded kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body with one upper and lower handle attachment. H. 8.45; est. rim d. 16.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 6/2, light brownish gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Paint fired red to black (2.5YR 5/8-5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E1 15. Comment: For similar kylikes from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.7.174, 175. See also Chapter 5.4, for its chronological importance. 462 (K1116/P809). Rounded kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 7.5; est. rim d. 14.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Matte yellowish red paint (5YR 5/8). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim, onto upper handle attachment. Context: E1 14, 13. 463 (K343/P1407). Rounded kylix. Joining and nonjoining fragments from rim and upper body with one upper handle attachment. H. 4.7; est. rim d. 15.0. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/6). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow band on rim; band on handle; drip of paint on body. Context: E1 12.

OPEN SHAPES Rounded kylix (FS 258) 458 (K310/P1395). Rounded kylix. Fragment from rim to top of stem with one lower handle attachment. H. 10.4; est. rim d. 14.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core of stem: 10YR 5/1, gray). IN paint: reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6); EX paint: body: reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6); stem: black (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: bichrome: reddish yellow upper body (closeset diagonal lines on drawing); black stem. Context: E1 12. Comments: The bichrome painting on this kylix is unique here, as is its highly lustrous surface, much of which has flaked off. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.3.

Rounded conical kylix (FS 258/274) 464 (K307/P3). Rounded conical kylix. Nearly complete profile; missing one third of rim and upper body with one handle; lower half of second handle preserved. H. 15.4; rim d. 18.6; base d. 7.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Lustrous red paint on IN (2.5YR 4/6); matte dusky red paint on EX (2.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base; paint on lower handle attachment. Upper body surface smoothed; stem unsmoothed. Context: E1 12. Comments: Similar, though fragmentary, kylikes come from Phylakopi. For a composite reconstruction drawing see Mountjoy 1999a: 918, no. 148, fig. 373.148, dated to LH IIIC Early. Also discussed in Chapter 5.4. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.5; Mountjoy 1999a: 935, no.5, fig. 381.5; Thomatos 2006: 121, no. 586, fig. 1.413.

459 (K1049/P743). Rounded kylix. Large fragment of upper body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing); non-joining body sherds. H. 7.2; est. rim d. 14.6. FB (2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Slightly lustrous paint shaded dark reddish brown to reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4-5/4). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E1 13, 12. 460 (K334/P1403). Rounded kylix. Fragment of rim with one handle; non-joining fragments of body. 58

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

465 (K306/P9/PM2085). Rounded conical kylix. Complete, except for small fragments of rim, base, and top of one handle. H. 16.1; rim d. 17.9; base d. 6.8. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: E1 12. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.4.

10YR 6/1, gray). Very dark gray paint (5Y 3/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E1 12. 471 (K1051/P745). Kylix. Two non-joining body sherds (larger is drawn). H. (largest) 7.4; w. 6.1. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 3/4-2.5YR 4/6). Part of a vertical or stemmed spiral flanked by triglyphs (FM 75.36). Context: E1 12. Comments: Patterns are rare on kylikes in this assemblage and in general during LH IIIC Middle. For a parallel from Langada, Kos, see Morricone 1967: 280, no.7, fig. 321, right (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1121, no. 167, fig. 460.167, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

466 (K342/P1406). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body with non-joining rim and body sherds; one non-joining lower handle attachment. H. 7.5; est. rim d. 15.3. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). Red paint (10R 5/8). IN: monochrome. EX: UP. Context: E1 12. 467 (K345/P1409). Rounded conical kylix. Large fragment of upper body with both lower handle attachments, part of stem; missing two-thirds of rim. H. 12.0; est. rim d. 18.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: The circumference of the rim is more ovoid than round. Perhaps the kylix was compressed when being removed from the wheel or from being squeezed in a closely packed kiln.

472 (K1067/P761). Kylix. Body sherd. H. 4.6; w. 3.85. TB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/1, white). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Edges from two thick lines enclose a motif comprised of a horizontal line touching a dotted arc and tapering loop. Context: E1 12. Comments: The motif has no precise parallels but might be a derivative of an unvoluted flower, such as FM 18C.145, or the bivalve shell, FM 25. 473 (K1047/P741). Kylix. Two non-joining base fragments. Est. base d. 9.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Painted fired very dark gray to reddish brown (5YR 3/1-4/4). Concentric narrow bands. Context: E1 12.

Angular kylix (FS 267/274) 468 (K1048/P742). Angular kylix. Non-joining fragments of rim. H. 4.1; est. rim d. 16.0. FB, SM (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: paint along edge of rim. Context: E1 12. Comments: Identified as a kylix, rather than as a lowstemmed cup, from its rim diameter which is standard for kylikes but large for the low-stemmed cup.

474 (K1132/P826). Kylix. Base fragment. H. 1.15; w. 3.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Concentric narrow bands. Context: E1 4.

469 (K348/P1412). Angular kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.6; w. 6.3. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/6, yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: The rim is exceptionally deep, which may be a Cycladic trait; cf. 59, 64, 65, and discussions in Chapters 4.3, 5.4. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.9.

475 (K1129/P823). Kylix. Base fragment. H. 2.3; base d. 8.6. CR, SM (10R 5/8, red; core: 2.5YR N4/, dark gray). UP. Context: E1 10. Comments: This is a rare example kylix made in CR ware; see also 36. 476 (K1908/P1515). Kylix. Lower body and stem with top of base. H. 9.5. FB (5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Light brown slip (7.5YR 6/4). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E1 12. Comments: The stem has a slight swelling, like a monochrome kylix from Phylakopi; see Mountjoy 2007b: 349, fig. 8.25.451 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 187.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 918.149, fig. 373.149, dated to LH IIIC

Kylix, type indeterminate 470 (K1050/P744). Kylix, perhaps rounded or rounded conical. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 6.95; est. rim d. 15.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 59

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Early). However, it also resembles the swollen stems on kylikes from Lefkandi, Phase 2a (see Popham et al. 2006: 153, pl. 31.1-3). On its chronological implications, see Chapter 5.4. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.10.

482 (K1097/P791). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of stem and base. H. 2.8; w. 4.6. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: E1 16.

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267)

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215)

477 (K339/P1/PM2140). Low-stemmed cup. Complete profile; missing small fragments from rim and body. H. 10.4; rim d. 12.5; base d. 6.15. FB (5Y 7/3, pale yellow; core: 5Y 6/3, pale olive). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: thick, uneven line on rim; band on base; band on handle. Context: E1 12. Comments: The color of the ware and condition of the surface, with mostly the ghosts of the paint preserved, suggest the vase was over-fired. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.8; Mountjoy 1999a: 935, no. 6, fig. 381.6; Thomatos 2006: 121, no. 587, fig. 1.414.

483 (K338/P13/PM2143). Deep semiglobular cup. Complete profile; non-joining rim and body sherds; missing half of rim and body. H. 9.8; rim d. 12.2; base d. 5.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Matte red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Surface smoothed. IN: band on rim; circular band on bottom. EX: thick line on rim; band on level of lower handle attachment; band on base; band on handle. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a similar cup with a circular band on the bottom from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: 181, fig. 2.15.7 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 714, no. 69, fig. 274.69, dated to LH IIIC Developed). Publication: Koehl 1984: 214, fig. 5.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 934, no. 3, fig. 381.3; Thomatos 2006: 115, no. 561, fig. 1.389.

478 (K308/P11/PM2165). Low-stemmed cup. Complete profile; missing approximately half of rim and upper body, fragment of base. H. 10.0. rim d. 13.1; base d. 6.6. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Surface smoothed. UP. Context: E1 12. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.6.

Mug (FS 226) 484 (K1118/P811). Mug. Lower body and base fragment. H. 4.2; est. base d. 12.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Paint shaded dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 3/2-4/6). Zone with tips of parallel lines, perhaps from parallel chevrons (FM 58); band; band on base. Context: E1 14.

479 (K309/P12/PM2161). Low-stemmed cup. Complete profile; missing two thirds of rim, upper body and base, with non-joining rim and body sherd. H. 10.1; rim d. 13.8; base d. 6.5. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Two close-set parallel grooves on upper body, at level of lower handle attachment. Surface smoothed, especially on IN. UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: For another UP low-stemmed cup with decorative grooves, see 66. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.7.

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) 485 (K356/P10/PM2166). Deep spouted cup. Complete profile; missing small fragments of rim, approximately one sixth of body. H. 15.4; rim d. (without spout) 17.0; base d. 6.3. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Surface smoothed before painting. IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim, continues along edge of spout; band on junction of rim and shoulder, continues under spout; three bands on belly; band on base; bands on top, bottom and sides of handle. Context: E1 12. Comments: Based on the surface color and fugitive painted decoration, it appears that this vase was overfired. Publication: Koehl 1984: 214, fig. 4.3; Mountjoy 1999a: 935, no. 4, fig. 381.4; Thomatos 2006: 116, no. 574, fig. 1.401.

480 (K1096/P790). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of stem and base. H. 1.6; w. 2.9. est. base d. 9.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Band on base of stem; band on edge of foot. Context: E1 16. Comments: The poorly preserved painted surface and air bubble on the base suggest it was poorly fired. 481 (K1133/P827). Low-stemmed cup. Lower stem fragment with base. H. 1.6; base d. 5.4. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/2, pinkish gray). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). UP. Context: E1 4, 5. 60

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

486 (K359/P28). Deep spouted cup. Non-joining fragments of rim, upper body, entire spout (drawing illustrates largest sherd). Max. pr. h. (largest sherd) 6.4; max. pr. w. 7.6. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; edge of band. Context: E1 12.

490 (K1057/P751). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of approximately one quarter of rim with fragment of upper body. Max. pr. H. 4.5; est. rim d. 16.2. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder. Context: E1 4, 5. 491 (K1086/P780). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim with attachment for handle or spout. H. 3.8; w. 4.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired black to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/1-4/6). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: lower edge of line on rim; band around base of handle or spout; paint drips; band. Firing hole through base of handle or spout. Context: E1 12.

487 (K1138/P832). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body with handle. Max. pr. h. 9.3; est. rim d. 17.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white). Paint shaded very dark gray to reddish brown (5YR 3/1-5/3). IN: thick line on rim; band at junction of neck and shoulder. EX: narrow band on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; wobbly, wide wavy band with ghost of loop pendant near handle; two uneven bands from top to bottom of handle. Context: E1 4. Comments: For a wavy band on a deep spouted cup from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 349, fig. 8.25.450 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 918, no. 144, fig. 373.144, dated to LH IIIC Early). For examples from Kamini, Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 383, no. 1846, fig. 28.1846, pl. 36.1846 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 959, no. 64, fig. 391.64, dated to LH IIIC Middle), 415, no. 1778, fig. 28.1778, pl. 65.1778.

492 (K358/P26). Deep spouted cup. Two non-joining fragments from shoulder and upper body. H. 5.1; w. 9.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). Two bands enclose triglyph, FM 75.1 Context: E1 12. 493 (K1630/P1220). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H 2.4; w. 2.0. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5 YR 4/6). IN: band. EX: band; group of parallel vertical lines, perhaps from a triglyph, FM 75.1. Context: E1 12.

488 (K357/P25). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and upper body. Max. pr. h. 5.3; max. pr. w. 13.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; zone of triglyphs and half-rosettes (FM 74). Context: E1 12. Comments: Though the profile and linear decoration are typical for the deep spouted cup, the patterned decoration is unusual.

494 (K1629/P1219). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 3.6; w. 3.1. FB (7.5 YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Paint fired dark brown to strong brown (7.5YR 3/2-4/6). IN: band. EX: band; groups of parallel, diagonal lines. Context: E1 15. Shallow spouted cup 495 (K1060/P754). Shallow spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body with handle and non-joining spout. H. (largest sherd). 5.2; w. 5.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 3/22.5YR 4/8). IN: thick line on rim; two thick lines below. EX (shown in photograph): line on rim; band; zone of N-pattern (FM 60.1) on handle zone; five fine lines at level of lower handle attachment; band on handle with reserved triangle on lower handle attachment; thick line along edge of spout; band under spout, at attachment with cup wall (shown in drawing). Context: E1 12.

489 (K360/P27). Deep spouted cup. Non-joining fragments of rim and body with edge of handle attachment. Max. pr. h. (rim sherd) 4.5; max. pr. w. (rim sherd) 7.0). FB (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; two bands on body (shown in photograph); curved edge, perhaps from loop around lower handle attachment (shown in photograph). Context: E1 12. Comments: The drawing illustrates only one rim fragment; the photograph depicts all the fragments.

61

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Comments: Perhaps on account of its fragmentary state of preservation, no parallels have been found for the shape.

Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 1.3; Mountjoy 1999a: 935, no. 8, fig. 381.8; Thomatos 2006: 103-104, no. 497, fig. 1.338.

Deep bowl (FS 284)

499 (K322/P19). Deep bowl. Fragment of approximately one third of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing), non-joining rim, body sherds, entire base. Est. h. 11.7; est. rim d. 16.4; base d. 5.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 4/6-3/4). Surface smoothed, especially on IN. IN: lower edge of dot row on rim; band; circular band surrounds two thick, uneven concentric lines on base. EX: dot row on rim; band on body, below level of handle attachments; band on lower body and base; contour band on handle. Context: E1 12.

496 (K320/P30). Deep bowl. Joining and non-joining fragments from approximately one third of rim and body, with both handles, entire base. Est. h. 12.8; est. rim d. 17.7; base d. 5.1. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint shaded dark brown to dark reddish brown (7.5YR 4/4-5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; wavy band (FM 53.18) at level of upper handle attachments; upper edge of band; two bands on lower body; band on base. Context: E1 12 Comments: The transition from lower to upper body on this bowl begins lower than on other examples, and the upper body is more vertical, thus giving the bowl a ‘soft’ carination. For a similar bowl from Tiryns, also with a monochrome IN and wavy line decoration, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 5.10. Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 2.10; Thomatos 2006: 104, no. 505, fig. 1.341.

500 (K1124/P818). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.85; w. 5.65; est. rim d. 16.2. FB (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Paint fired dark brown to red (7.5YR 3/2-2.5YR 5/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E1 11. 501 (K311/P6/PM2160). Deep bowl. Missing small fragment of rim, lower body, and base. H. 9.5; rim d. 15.3. FB (7.5YR 6/4-6/6, light brown to reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 6/6). Black paint (7.5YR N /2). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; zone of running spirals (FM 46.57); band on level of lower handle attachments; blobs on handles. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a deep bowl from Mycenae with similar running spirals but with an IN band below the rim, dated to LH IIIC Early, see French 2011: CD 301-302, no. 69-421, fig. 9.69-421. Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 1.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 936, no. 7, fig. 381.7; Thomatos 2006: 103, no. 496, fig. 1.337.

497 (K315/P5/PM2139). Deep bowl. Nearly complete; missing small fragments of rim and lower body. H. 10.0; rim d. 13.2; base d. 4.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6); slip fired red near handles (2.5YR 5/6). Paint fired red to dusky red (2.5YR 4/6-3/2). IN: thick line on rim; band; spiral on base. EX: thick line on rim; on front and back, zone with two lozenges (FM 73t) flanking triglyph and half-rosette (FM 74.5); band; band on base; blobs of paint on top of handle and on attachments. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a deep bowl with a paneled pattern flanked by lozenges from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 352, fig. 8.28.474 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 920, no. 173, fig. 375.173, dated to LH IIIC Early). Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 1.4; Thomatos 2006: 104, no. 501, fig. 1.339.

502 (K313/P22). Deep bowl. Fragment of body, with approximately one third of rim and one handle (second handle restored in drawing); non-joining body sherds. H. 10.1; est. rim d. 16.3. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6-10R 5/3, reddish yellow to weak red). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (7.5R N 2.5/). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; zone of antithetic spiral with central triglyph; band; one blob on top of handle; bands on handle attachments. Context: E1 12. Comments: The chalky surface and fugitive paint may indicate that the bowl was over-fired. The painted motif is similar to FM 50.22.

498 (K317/P2/PM2138). Deep bowl. Nearly complete; missing small fragments of rim and body. H. 9.8; rim d. 14.4; base d. 5.6. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Surface smoothed. IN: lower edge of dot row on rim; band; circular band surrounds spiral on base. EX: dot row on rim; band on body at level of lower handle attachments; contour band on handles joins band on body; band on base. Context: E1 12. 62

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 2.2.

(shown in photograph). H. 7.2; est. rim d. 15.8. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: pink, 5YR 7/4). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band on body. Context: E1 11. Comments: See 118.

503 (K323/P1396). Deep bowl. Non-joining rim and body sherds. H. 6.2; w. 4.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N 2/). IN: monochrome. EX: band below rim; zone with parallel, vertical curved strokes; band. Context: E1 12. Comments: The zonal motif resembles FM 64.19, a disintegrate foliate band.

510 (K1131/P825). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.25; w. 1.7. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Paint shaded dark brown to strong brown (7.5YR 4/4-5/6). IN: narrow band on rim; reserved line; band or monochrome below. EX: monochrome. Context: E1 4, 5. Comments: See 146.

504 (K1134/P828). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.3; w. 1.9. FB (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled diaper net, FM 75.23. Context: E1 3.

511 (K1628/P1218). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with edge of one handle attachment (shown in photograph). H. 2.4; w. 2.25. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: narrow band on rim; reserved line; monochrome below. EX: band on rim. Context: E1 3. Comments: See 146.

505 (K329/P1400). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.5; w. 2.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; blob of paint on lower edge of rim band; concentric circle or spiral. Context: E1 12. 506 (K328/P24). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.0; w. 4.7. FB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow band on rim; vertical loop on top of a curved band; band. Context: E1 12. Comments: The painted motif has not been identified nor have any parallels been found. Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 2.8.

512 (K1065/P759). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.25; w. 1.6. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N6/, gray). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Paint shaded dark brown to brown (7.5YR 3/24/4). IN: narrow band on rim; reserved line; band or monochrome below. EX: thick line on rim; band or monochrome below. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 146. 513 (K1087/P781). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.4; w. 2.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Paint fired very dark gray to dark brown (7.5YR N3/-4/4). IN: narrow band on rim; reserved line; band or monochrome below. EX: narrow band on rim; band or monochrome below. Context: E1 16. Comments: See 146.

507 (K1088/P782). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.2; w. 2.8. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: wide band on rim; line from indeterminate pattern pendant from band. Context: E1 16 508 (K1127/P821). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with traces of one handle attachment. H. 7.7; est. rim d. 16.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired black to dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/1-3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; band on body. Context: E1 6, 12, 10. Comments: See 118.

514 (K1043/P737). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.5; w. 2.95. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish brown to red (2.5YR 4/4-4/8). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: narrow band on rim; loop with dots along IN. Context: E1 12. Comments: The motif might be from a sea anemone (FM 27).

509 (K1126/P820). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with edge of one lower handle attachment 63

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

515 (K316/P7/PM2137). Deep bowl. Missing small fragment of rim, one handle (second handle restored in drawing), fragment of lower body, all of base. H. 10.2; rim d. 14.7. FB (10YR 8/4-7.5YR 7/6, very pale brown to reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Slip fired very pale brown to reddish yellow (10YR 8/4-7.5YR 7/6). Fairly lustrous paint fired dark reddish brown to reddish brown (5YR 3/2-2.5YR 4/4). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim and band on level of lower handle attachment enclose zone of paneled isolated concentric semicircles (cf. FM 43. 38 and FM 43.41). Context: E1 12. Comments: For a similar deep bowl from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 183, no. 219, fig. 5.16.219 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 920, no. 161, fig. 374.161, dated to LH IIIC Early). Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 1.6.

Context: E1 12. Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 2.1. 520 (K1105/P799). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.1; w. 3.25. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: medium band on rim; upper edge from group of parallel, vertical lines, perhaps the tops of triglyphs or the tips of a row of concentric semicircles. Context: E1 15. Comments: For a bowl from Phylakopi with a row of concentric semicircles, see Mountjoy 1985: 165, fig. 5.8.205 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 920, no. 152, fig. 374.152, dated to LH IIIC Early). 521 (K331/P16). Deep bowl. Lower body and base with non-joining body sherds. H. 8.1; base d. 5.8. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint on IN (2.5YR 4/8). Paint fired red to very dark gray on EX (2.5YR 4/8-5YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band on lower body; band on base. Context: E1 12.

516 (K1120/P814). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.15; w. 3.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/4). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: medium band on rim and band enclose zone of linked quirks (FM 48.5). Context: E1 14. 517 (K335/P17). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.8; est. rim d. 14.7. FB (7.5YR 8/6-6/4, reddish yellow to light brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Slip fired reddish yellow to light brown (7.5YR 8/6-6/4). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim and band enclose zone with parallel chevrons (FM 58), and paneled vertical row of bivalve shells (FM 75.26). Context: E1 12. Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 1.5.

522 (K1103/P797). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.95; w. 7.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to strong brown (7.5YR N3/-5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: isolated semicircles (FM 43); band. Context: E1 12. 523 (K1044/P738). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.1; w. 2.25. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/4). Sacral ivy (FM 12.37). Context: E1 12.

518 (K337/P20). Deep bowl. Non-joining rim and body sherds. H. 7.4; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired black to red (7.5YR N2/-2.5YR 4/6). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: band on rim and band enclose zone with groups of parallel chevrons (FM 58.12). Context: E1 12. Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 2.6; Thomatos 2006: 104, no. 503, fig. 1.340.

524 (K1094/P788). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.7; w. 2.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to yellowish red (5YR 3/15/8). IN: band. EX: band; isolated semicircle (FM 43e); edge of one or two diagonal lines next to semicircle. Context: E1 16.

519 (K336/P18). Deep bowl. Non-joining rim and body sherds with one handle attachment (second attachment is restored in drawing). H. 8.6; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to black (2.5 YR 5/6-5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: thick line on rim and band on level of lower handle attachment enclose zone of triglyphs (FM 75.3) flanked by tri-curved arches (cf. FM 62.31); band around base of handle attachments.

525 (K1045/P739). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.35; w. 2.9. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark gray to brown (7.5YR N3/-5/4). Band; parallel zigzags (FM 61) divided by a vertical line, pendant from band. Context: E1 12. 64

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

526 (K1095/P789). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 1.75; w. 2.4. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: band. EX: tips of vertical parallel lines on narrow band; narrow band. Context: E1 16.

EX shaded lustrous dusky red to red (2.5YR 3/24/8). IN: lustrous monochrome. EX: dusky red thick line on rim; narrow band on level of upper handle attachment and lustrous monochrome red lower body define zone at handle level with pairs of vertical rows of parallel chevrons (FM 58). Context: E1 12. Comments: The dusky red brush strokes which overlap the upper edge of the red monochrome lower body shows that this vase was intentionally painted bichrome and that the lower body was painted first. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.1.

Handleless medium band bowl 527 (K319/P8/PM2141). Handleless medium band bowl. Missing half of body; base preserved. H. 7.5; rim d. 11.4; base d. 5.1. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim; band; band on base. Context: E1 12. Comments: This seems to be a smaller, handleless version of the LH IIIC Early linear deep bowl and from the absence of parallels, the type may be unique to this assemblage. For a deep bowl with the same decorative system from Orchomenos, see Mountjoy 1983: 31, no. 215, fig.10.215, pl. 4c (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 192.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 686, no. 201, fig. 263.201, dated to LH IIIC Early). Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 2.3.

531 (K1128/P822). Stemmed bowl? Fragment of rim and body with one handle attachment. H. 6.3; est. rim d. 15.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Painted fired reddish yellow to red (7.5YR 6/6-2.5YR 5/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E1 10, 8. Comments: The conical profile and monochrome decoration are unusual for a stemmed bowl. Furthermore, it is difficult to understand the type of handle from the preserved attachment; perhaps a horizontal strap. For a monochrome stemmed bowl from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 18.8. 532 (K1104/P798). Stemmed bowl. Two non-joining rim and one non-joining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 6.4; w. 3.8. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paneled isolated semicircles (FM 43.38); two bands below. Context: E1 15. Comments: For a similar stemmed bowl from Thorikos, see Mountjoy 1995a: 212, no. 99, fig. 9.99 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 563, no. 303, fig. 207.303, dated Transitional LH IIIB:2-IIIC Early). For a parallel from Aigeira, see DegerJalkotzy 2003: fig. 3.4.

528 (K333/P29). Handleless medium band bowl. Nonjoining fragments from rim and body. H. 10.8; est. rim d. 15.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.6YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim; band on body. Context: E1 12. Comments: This vase has a particularly well-smoothed surface. 529 (K332/P1402). Handleless medium band bowl. Approximately one third of rim and body, with non-joining rim and body sherds. H. 7.7; est. rim d. 14.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1) on IN; dark reddish brown paint on EX (5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim. Context: E1 12. Publication: Koehl 1984: 210, fig. 2.4.

533 (K324/P23). Stemmed bowl. Non-joining fragments from approximately one quarter of rim, one body sherd with one lower handle attachment, one lower body sherd, near base. H. 11.9; est. rim d. 17.0. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; zone with groups of parallel lines pendant from rim band flanked by upward-curving concentric arcs at top and bottom of outermost lines, with three concentric arcs pendant from lower edge of lower side arcs; two bands below; band near base. Context: E1 12. Comments: The motif seems to be unique. Publication: Koehl 1984: 211, fig. 3.2.

Stemmed bowl (FS 305) 530 (K312/P21). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of approximately one quarter of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing); non-joining rim and body sherds. H. 11.1; est. rim d. 18.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). IN painted lustrous dusky red (2.5YR 3/2); 65

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

534 (K1119/P813). Stemmed bowl. Fragment from rim and body. H. 5.75; est. rim d. 14.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 8/1, white). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (2.5YR 3/4-4/8). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: band below rim; zone of isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43j), pendant from band; band. Context: E1 14.

(2.5YR 4/8) on body; very dusky red on handle (2.5YR 2.5/2). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim; wide zone with hybrid flower pictorialized into a cuttlefish (cf. FM 18B.51) alternating with pairs of solid-stemmed vertical whorl-shells (FM 23) flanking a sea anemone (FM 27.14), with vertical dot row; three bands below; thick lines along edges of handle; widely spaced thick horizontal lines across handle. Context: E1 12. Comments: For the profile, see 256. Publication: Koehl 1984: 214, fig. 4.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 934, no. 1., fig. 381.1; Thomatos 2006: 88, no. 421, fig. 1.285.

535 (K1122/P816). Stemmed bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.2; w. 2.08. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: band. EX: two bands enclose bivalve shell (FM 25.15), perhaps in a chain. Context: E1 14.

540 (K355/P15/PM2171). Stemmed krater. Fragment of rim and body. H. 13.5; w. 7.3. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Highly polished IN. IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim; wide zone of a two-legged animal, with claw feet, long, pointed ears, and long, forked tail, leaping headlong into a solid-stemmed vertical whorl-shell (FM 23); two bands, edge of third, below. Context: E1 12. Comments: This krater has a vertical upper body and sharp transition to the lower body. A krater from Perati has a similar vertical upper body, though the transition to the lower body is more rounded (Iakovidis 1969: 428, no. 875, pl. 128α.875; Mountjoy 1986: 170, no. 1, fig. 218.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 574, no. 358, fig. 212.358, dated to LH IIIC Early or possibly Middle). This krater also has one of two examples of pictorial vase painting in the assemblage; for the other, see 970. While there are no close parallels for the biped creature, its legs resemble the hind legs of the creature depicted on a krater from Grotta, Naxos, dated to LH IIIC Advanced; see Vlachopoulos 2006: 139, 197, figs. 20, 21, color pl. 9. The forked tail, however, finds a close parallel on an LH IIIB wall painting of a griffin from the West House at Mycenae; see Tournavitou 2017: 20, figs. 9, 10, pl. 2. Publication: Koehl 1984: 214, fig. 4.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 934, no. 2., fig. 381.2; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 54; Thomatos 2006: 88, no. 422, fig. 1.286.

536 (K1046/P740). Stemmed bowl? Six non-joining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 9.05. FB, SM (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: band on lower body. EX: group of three bands; band or solid lower body; vertical lines overlap bands. Context: E1 12. Comments: It has not been possible to identify the motif represented by the vertical lines. Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) 537 (K318/P4/PM2142). Shallow angular bowl. Missing one third of upper body; one handle preserved (second handle restored in drawing). H. 5.2; rim d. 13.2; base d. 4.2. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N/6, gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 249. Publication: Koehl 1984: 214, fig. 5.3. 538 (K1058/P752). Shallow angular bowl. Two nonjoining fragments of rim, body, one handle (second handle restored in drawing), and base. H. (largest sherd) 3.4; est. rim d. 15.0; base d. 4.8. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/6, red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 249.

541 (K1061/P755). Stemmed krater. Fragment of body with one lower handle attachment. H. 8.75; w. 14.3. TB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N7/, gray). Light brown slip (7.5YR 6/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Vertical band; curved band, probably from handle loop; tips of two vertical bands, perhaps drips of paint; uneven horizontal band. Context: E1 12.

Stemmed krater (FS 9) 539 (K314/P14/PM2239). Stemmed krater. Two nonjoining fragments from approximately half of the rim, one third of the upper body, one nonjoining fragment from lower two-thirds of one handle (second handle restored in drawing), one non-joining body sherd. H. 16.0; est. rim d. 29.7. FB (light red, 2.5YR 6/8; core: 5YR 6/6-7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint

Ring-based carinated krater (FS 282) 542 (K1114/P808). Ring-based carinated krater. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.3; w. 4.6. FB, M 66

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

(10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/2, light brownish gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Paint fired reddish brown to red (5YR 4/3-2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: parallel chevrons (FM 58) on upper surface of rim. Context: E1 15. Comments: For a krater from Mycenae with similar profile, monochrome IN, and similar rim decoration, see French 2011: CD 601-602, no.64-562M (= Mountjoy 1986: 174, fig. 224.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 170, 172, no. 362, fig. 48.362, dated to LH IIIC Developed). See also Chapter 4.3 and 5.4

Basin, type indeterminate 547 (K1089/P783). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.35; w. 2.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Paint fired black to dark reddish brown (2.5YR N 2.5/-5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; two connected blobs, perhaps lozenges (FM 73). Context: E1 16. Comments: The fragment is identified as a basin from its thick wall and beveled rim profile. For parallels from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 185, nos. 294, 295, fig. 5.19.294, 295.

543 (K1115/P809). Ring-based carinated krater. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.8; w. 2.25. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/1, light gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: parallel chevrons (FM 58) on upper surface of rim Context: E1 15. Comments: See 542.

548 (K1091/P785). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.3; w. 6.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark red to red (2.5YR 3/6-5/8). IN: band on rim; wide band and narrow band. EX: band on rim; two bands enclose wavy band (FM 53). Context: E1 16. Comments: For a basin with a wavy band from Mycenae, see French 2011 CD: 548, no. 68-485. For parallels from Phylakopi, see 547.

Kalathos (FS 291) 544 (K1107/P801). Kalathos. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 5.6; est. base d. 14.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: wide band on base. Context: E1 15. Comments: For a kalathos from Mycenae with a similar wide band on the base and monochrome IN, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 232.5 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 174, no. 370, fig. 49.370, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

549 (K1090/P784). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.0; w. 3.4. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint fired black to yellowish brown (7.5YR N2/10YR 5/6). IN: band on rim; band. EX: band on rim. Context: E1 16. 550 (K1072/P766). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.2; w. 7.5. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Shallow grooves under the rim. Context: E1 12. Comments: The grooves under the rim may be intentional and decorative; see e.g., 248 and 479.

545 (K1062/P756). Kalathos. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.2; w. 5.5; est. d. base 10.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/4, pink); pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: Although the vase is UP, the surface was carefully treated before firing, with the IN wiped smooth, and the EX horizontally burnished.

551 (K1073/P767). Basin Fragment of rim and body with vertical lug handle. H. 3.5; w. 4.8. TB, M (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/1, light gray). White slip (5YR 8/1). UP. Context: E1 12.

Spouted basin 546 (K1069/P763). Spouted basin. Fragment of rim, body, and spout. H. 8.6; est. rim d. 22.0; length of spout 4.8. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: The fragment is identified as a basin from its deep, rounded profile and thick walls. Like the 267, it is spouted, while its rim profile is similar to 270.

552 (K1093/P787). Basin. Body sherd. H. 3.25; w. 4.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red to dark reddish brown (5YR 4/6-2.5YR 3/4). IN: monochrome. EX: band on body; wavy band (FM 53). Context: E1 16. Comments: For parallels, see 547 and 548.

67

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Dipper (FS 236)

CLOSED SHAPES

553 (K349/P31). Dipper. Complete profile; missing small fragments of rim and body. H. to top of handle 14.5; rim d. 13.7. FB, mudstone inclusions (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Surface wiped smoothed; shaving or tool marks visible on underside of bowl, below rim. UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 275.

Large piriform jar (FS 38) 559 (K1121/P815). Large piriform jar. Fragment of base. H. 2.9; est. base d. 10.2. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Band on base. Context: E1 14. Amphoriskos (FS 59)

554 (K350/P32/PM2162). Dipper. Complete profile; missing approximately half of rim and body. H. to top of handle 17.2; rim d. 12.0. FB, mudstone inclusions (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Surface carefully smoothed on EX, less so on IN. UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 275. Publication: Koehl 1984: 214, fig. 5.2.

560 (K1063/P757). Amphoriskos. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.7; est. rim d. 8.1. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on neck. Context: E1 12. Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) 561 (K1077/P771). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.7; w. 5.7. TB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: While this shape is normally painted, for other UP examples, see 306, 307.

555 (K352/P34). Dipper. Approximately one quarter of rim and one third of body; non-joining handle and rim sherds. H. to top of rim 6.2; h. to top of handle 12.9; est. rim d. 11.1. FB, mudstone inclusions (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Surface lightly smoothed. UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 275.

562 (K1117/P811). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments from shoulder to belly with half of one handle (second handle restored in drawing); two vertically perforated conical lugs on shoulder. Rest. h. 16.3; max. rest. d. 31.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Paint fired very dark gray to reddish brown (5YR 3/1-4/3). Lower edge of one band and another band enclose three lines; two bands on shoulder enclose wide zone of isolated concentric semicircles separated by groups of diagonal parallel vertical lines (close to FM 43.38); solid paint on lugs; band above and below handle attachment enclose wide, patterned zone, perhaps concentric arcs or spirals; bands below; blobs on handle; loop around base of handle. Context: E1 12, 14, 15. Comments: The clay color and fugitive paint may indicate that the vase was overfired. Its lower patterned zone is too poorly preserved to identify.

556 (K351/P33). Dipper. Approximately two thirds of rim, non-joining handle and upper body sherds. H. to top of handle 13.0; est. rim d. 12.8. FB, marble inclusions (10YR 8/3-5YR 6/8, very pale brown to reddish yellow). Very pale brown to reddish yellow slip (10YR 8/3-5YR 6/8). Surface lightly smoothed. UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 275. 557 (K353/P35). Dipper. Approximately one quarter of rim; non-joining fragment of handle, missing fragment from top; non-joining rim sherd. H. to top of handle 16.3; est. rim d. 12.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Surface lightly smoothed. UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 275. 558 (K354/P1413). Dipper. Non-joining fragments of rim with lower handle attachment and bottom of bowl. H. 8.3; est. rim d. 11.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP Context: E1 12. Comments: See 275.

563 (K439/P136/PM2260). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments from lower neck to lower body with one handle and attachments for second handle. H. 33.6; max. d. 34.5. TB, M (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 68

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

8/4). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 5/8-5YR 2.5/2). Three close-set bands (one on base of neck, two on upper shoulder); two bands on belly, below level of handles; loop around each handle attachment. Context: E1 12. Comments: While normally the collar-necked jar has patterned zones on the shoulder and belly, this one appears to have only bands.

pink; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). UP. Context: E1 12 Comments: For a linear decorated rim-handed amphora from Phylakopi with a similar profile, see Mountjoy 1985: 197, no. 383, fig. 5.23.383, pl. 24.383. 569 (K1139/P833). Rim-handled amphora. Fragment from lower edge of neck to shoulder, with lower half of one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. (without handle) 5.7; w. 16.0; max. est. d. 36.2. TB, M (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). Streaked dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/4). Loop on shoulder; two bands below level of handles; band along handle. Firing hole through base of handle. Context: E1 4. Comments: The shoulder motif might be from a scroll. For a possible parallel from Lefkandi, Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: 163, fig. 2.29.3, pl. 37.2. For the motif, also see Broneer 1939: fig. 79a, b.

Belly-handled amphora (FS 58) 564 (K1037/P731). Belly-handled amphora? Fragment of body with most of one handle. H. 11.0; w. 6.75. TB, SM (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red to dark reddish brown (5YR 5/63/2). Two close-set bands below handle; band on handle. Context: E1 10, 12. Comments: The fragment is identified as an amphora although it may be a hydria. It appears that the vase was originally painted with two close-set bands (see drawing), as is typical for both the belly-handled amphora and hydria (see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 202; Popham et al. 2006: pl. 19.1, 3, 4), but then the space between was carelessly filled creating a single, wide band (see photograph).

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96) 570 (K382/P48). Straight-sided alabastron. Six nonjoining fragments from the neck, shoulder with one handle, sides and base. Max. rest. h. 7.7; est. base d. 7.5. FB (2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (10R 3/4). Solid neck; narrow zone with diagonal lines and zigzags; two bands; shoulder zone of diaper net (FM 57.2); band; wide body zone of lines; two bands on lower body. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a diaper net pattern on the shoulder of a straight-sided alabastron from Rhodes, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1038, no. 169, fig. 425.169, date to LH IIIC EarlyDeveloped. Publication: Koehl 1984: 218, fig. 5.8; Thomatos 2006: 74, no.335, fig. 1.223.

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) 565 (K1074/P768). Rim-handled amphora. Fragment of rim and upper part of one handle. H. 6.3; w. 8.0; TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a linear decorated rim-handed amphora with a similar profile from Lefkandi, Phase 1a, see Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.2.5. 566 (K1075/P769). Rim-handled amphora. Fragment of rim and upper part of one handle. H. 2.85; w. 5.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E1 12.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) 571 (K257/P1516). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of rim, shoulder and body. H. 6.6; rim d. 5.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5R 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Beveled rim. Solid paint on rim and neck; group of lines and band on shoulder; band on upper body. Context: E1 12. Comments: For similar linear decoration on a straightsided alabastron from Kos, see Morricone 1967: 113, no. 1, fig. 94, no. 36 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1102, no. 75, fig. 450.75, dated to LH IIIC Early).

567 (K1125/P819). Rim-handled amphora. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 6.0; rim d. 16.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Light brown slip (7.5YR 6/4). Paint fired black to dark red (7.5YR N2/-2.5YR 3/6). Band on rim. Context: E1 11. Comments: The rim has a hollowed IN. For a parallel from Lefkandi, Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.8.1. See also 328. 568 (K1076/P770). Rim-handled amphora? Fragment of rim. H. 3.25; est. rim d. 14.0. TB, SM (5YR 7/4, 69

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

(5YR 8/2). Paint fired red to very dark gray (10R 4/8-2.5YR N3/). IN: uneven band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; uneven band on base of neck; group of three bands on shoulder; group of three bands below belly; uneven band above base; loop of paint around base of handle; uneven bands on edges and upper attachment of handle; uneven wavy band on handle. Context: E1 14. Comments: The neck was made separately from the body; see 376, 377, and 574. The neck is notably constricted. While no close parallels have been located, a similar rim and neck profile occurs at Tiryns; see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 67.6. On the rim profile, also see Chapter 4.3.

Large jug (FS 106) 572 (K1078/P772). Large jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.9; rest. rim d. 12.5. TB, SM (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: For this rim profile on a large, linear decorated jug from Mycenae, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 175.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 155, no. 307, fig. 40.307, dated to LH IIIC Early. For a decorated example from Kamini, Naxos see Vlachopoulos 2006: 430, no. 1817, fig. 20.1817, pl. 80.1917 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 946.28, fig. 386.28, dated to LH IIIC Middle). On the profile, also see Chapter 4.3. 573 (K1079/P773). Large jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.8; w. 3.95. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a similar rim profile on a linear decorated jug from Perati, see Iakovidis 1986: 140, no. 1078. pl. 42α.1078 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 585, no. 418, fig. 217.418, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For this profile on a neck-handled jug from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: 199, fig. 2.29.2. On the profile, also see Chapter 4.3.

576 (K1110/P804). Medium jug. Fragment from rim to base of neck with upper handle attachment. H. 4.8; rest. rim d. 5.4. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: thick line rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on base of neck; band on handle. Context: E1 15. 577 (K1112/P806). Medium jug. Fragment of rim with upper handle attachment. H. 3.65; w. 5.1. TB, M (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/4, reddish brown). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: E1 15. Comments: On the rim profile, see 575 and Chapter 4.3.

Medium jug (FS 110) 574 (K362/P43/PM2164). Medium jug. Complete profile; missing small fragment of rim and approximately one third of belly. H. 19.0; rim d. 6.6; base d. 6.3; max. d. 16.4. TB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core fired 5YR 7/6-2.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow to light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band on base of neck; two close-set bands on shoulder; two closeset bands just below mid-body; one band on lower body; one uneven band above base merges with band on base; wavy band on handle; band on one side of handle. Context: E1 12. Comments: The neck was made separately from the body, as on 376, 377, and 575. For the rim profile on a jug from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 67.4. For a jug from Lefkandi, Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: 199, fig. 2.28.5. For a jug from Vourvatsi, Attica, see Mountjoy 1999a:570, no. 338, fig. 210.338, dated to LH IIIC Early. On the rim profile, also see Chapter 4.3. Publication: Koehl 1984: 218, fig. 5.4.

578 (K1080/P774). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; w. 3.1. TB, SM (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Dark gray slip (10YR 4/1). IN: band on rim. EX: solid paint. Surface abraded. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a jug with an IN band and solid painted neck from Lefkandi, Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: 163, fig. 2.9.4. For the profile, see 367. 579 (K1084/P778). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.55; w. 3.2. TB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band on rim. Surface braded. Context: E1 12. Comments: The profile, as preserved, may be from the top of the rim’s hollow IN, although the flat upper surface is unusual. For a similar profile on a jug from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.28.2. Also see Chapter 4.3.

575 (K1137/P831). Medium jug. Complete profile; missing a small fragment of rim and one quarter of body. H.16.0; rim d. 5.6; base d. 6.2; max. d. 14.3. TB, SM (5YR 7/3, pink). Pinkish white slip

580 (K1113/P807). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.1; max. w. 3.9. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). Pink slip 70

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

(7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 4/3-5/8). Band on upper surface of rim. Context: E1 15. Comments: The placement of the band on the upper rim surface is unusual for a jug.

jug from Thorikos, dated to LH IIIB:2-Transitional LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1995: 201, no. 23, fig. 3.23 (= Mountjoy 1999: 558, no. 277, fig. 204.277).

581 (K1082/P776). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.7; w. 2.9. TB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/1, white). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: For discussion of the rim profile, see Chapter 4.3.

587 (K300/P1394/PM2083). Small jug. Complete nearly profile; missing most or rim, two-thirds of neck, with lower handle attachment preserved. H. 7.6; rest. rim d. 3.3; base d. 3.1. FB (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Red paint (10R 4/8). Five small clay pellets attached to upper body IN: band on rim. EX: monochrome. Surface abraded. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a small, monochrome jug from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 400, no. 817; pl. 118α.817 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 570, no. 341, fig. 210.341, dated to LH IIIC Early). The small, monochrome jug is common on Kephallonia in LH IIIC Late; see Mountjoy 1999a: 457, nos. 45-48, fig. 164.45-48. However, whereas these sit on a ring base, like 588, 587 sits on a flat, raised base. Furthermore, the addition of the clay pellets here may be unparalleled (shown as stippled in drawing). Publication: Koehl 1984: 218, fig. 5.5.

Small jug (FS 115)

582 (K1083/P777). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.35; w. 11.0. TB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). UP. Context: E1 12. Comments: For discussion of the rim profile, see Chapter 4.3. 583 (K1101/P795). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.75; w. 4.2. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E1 16. Comments: For discussion of the rim profile, see Chapter 4.3.

588 (K304/P45). Small jug. Preserved in two nonjoining fragments: from rim to lower body; base with small fragments of lower body. Est. h. 6.7; rim d. 3.4; base d. 3.2. FB (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 2.5/2-2.5 YR 4/8). Monochrome. Context: E1 12. Comments: While this jug has a ring base, like those from Kephallonia (see 587), those have a tapering, flaring rim, whereas 588 has a beveled rim; see 367-370, for beveled rims on large jugs. For parallels to small monochrome jugs, see 390. Publication: Koehl 1984: 218, fig. 5.6.

584 (K1102/P796). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.9; w. 3.7. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E1 16. Comments: For discussion of the rim profile, see Chapter 4.3. 585 (K1111/P805). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.7; w. 5.5. TB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: E1 15. Comments: For discussion of the rim profile, see Chapter 4.3.

589 (K361/P40/PM2163). Small jug. Complete profile preserved on handle side; missing most of rim and neck, half of body. H. to rim 9.4; est. rim d. 5.2; base d. 4.1. TB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint fired very dusky red to red (2.5YR 2.5/2-4/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on base of neck; two bands on belly; band on lower body, above base; wavy band on handle. Context: E1 12. Comments: See 387. Publication: Koehl 1984: 218, fig. 5.7.

586 (K1027/P721). Medium jug. Fragment of approximately one third of body, from base of neck to below mid-point. H. 10.3; max. rest. d. 16.8. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 3/3-2.5YR 5/8). Band on base of neck and band on belly enclose paneled zigzag (FM 75.10) flanked by two thick lines; band. Context: E1 12. Comments: For similar paneled motifs and banded decoration on jugs from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 196, fig. 5.23.384 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 914, no.128, fig. 371.128, dated to LH IIIC Early); Mountjoy 2007b: 312, fig. 8.6.79. For a similar paneled motif on a narrow-necked

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) 590 (K1042/P736). Neck-handled jug. Fragment from neck to upper shoulder, with upper handle attachment. H. 6.5; w. 4.45. TB, SM (2.5YR 6/4, 71

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

light reddish brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired black to red (5YR 2.5/12.5YR 5/6). Band on neck, above handle; band on base of neck; band along edges of handle; paint on top of handle. Context: E1 12.

Hydria (FS 128) 594 (K1041/P735). Hydria? Fragment of neck and shoulder with one vertical handle. H. 7.8. TB, SM (5YR 7/2, pinkish gray; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). Band on base of neck; curved narrow band pendant from neck band; wavy band on handle; band around base of handle. Two firing holes through handle. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a hydria from Korakou with a similar wavy band on the handle, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 178.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 228, no. 175, fig. 73.175, dated to LH IIIC Early.

591 (K1056/P750). Neck-handled jug? Fragment of rim and neck with upper half of handle. H. 2.75; w. 2.4. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on handle, with reserved ‘V’ on upper attachment. Context: E1 12. Comments: The identification of this fragment is based on the location of its upper handle attachment. However, its lipless, tapering rim is more common on small jugs, such as 587 or 589; cf. the rims on 391-393.

Large stirrup jar, type indeterminate 595 (K1053/P747). Large stirrup jar. Fragment of disc. H. 2.75; disc d. 8.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Paint fired very dark gray to reddish brown (5YR 3/1-5/4). Concentric bands or spiral. Context: E1 12. Comments: For the profile and possible decoration, see 412.

Small lekythos (FS 122) 592 (K299/P38/PM2128). Small lekythos. Preserved from base of neck to base, with lower handle attachment. H. 10.5; base d. 4.7; max. d. 12.2. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Four isolated lozenges on shoulder filled with cross-hatching (FM 73y); four line groups on body composed of three thick lines; uneven band on base. Context: E1 12. Comments: For parallels from Perati, but with linear decoration, see Iakovidis 1969: 55, nos. 1171, 1172, pl. 14β.1171, 1172. For a lekythos from Pylos with crosshatched lozenges, among other motifs, see Blegen et al. 1973: 232, fig. 293.9. Publication: Koehl 1984: 216, fig. 6.5.

Medium stirrup jar, globular (FS 175) 596 (K301/P36/PM2168). Medium stirrup jar. Mostly intact; missing part of one handle, small fragments from body. H. (disc to base) 17.0; disc d. 2.8; spout d. 3.0; max. d. 15.3; base d. 5.8. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired lustrous dark reddish brown to dark red (5YR 2.5/2-2.5YR 3/6). Isolated spiral on top of disc (FM 52.4); thick line on edge of disc; band on base of false neck; thick line on edge of spout; band on base of spout; solid paint on handles; on shoulder, band loops around base of false neck and spout, flanked by a group of parallel chevrons (FM 58.22) and an unvoluted flower (close to FM 18C.126); on the opposite side, behind the handles, a chain of bivalve shells (FM 25.27); below, two bands enclose a narrow zone of zigzag groups (FM 61.3); band above mid-point; band at mid-point; band on base. Context: E1 12. Comments: The wide, even banded decoration and narrow zigzag recalls a stirrup jar from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis; see Broneer 1939: fig. 69a. The chronological implications of mixing shoulder motifs on stirrup jars, rather than repeated ones (as e.g. 597), is discussed in Chapters 4.3 and 5.4. Publication: Koehl 1984, 216, fig. 6.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 934; Thomatos 2006: 29, no. 110.

Large lekythos (FS 123) 593 (K1025/P719). Large lekythos. Approximately one third of body, from base of neck to base. H. 13.3; base d. 6.2. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Paint fired red to very dark gray (2.5YR 4/8-N3/). Band on base of neck; on shoulder, four lozenges (FM 73) filled with indeterminate motifs: two larger ones connected; two smaller ones above and below; two bands; band on lower body, with paint drippings. Context: E1 12. Comments: For the profile of the neck and rim on a large, somewhat squat biconical lekythos from Mycenae, see French 2011: CD 558, no. 60-319 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 211.4; Mountjoy 1999a: 163, no. 336, fig. 43.336, dated to LH IIIC Middle). A globular vase from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, identified as a possible narrow-necked jug, may be a lekythos like 593; see Popham et al. 2006: 203, fig. 2.4.4. 72

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

597 (K302/P37/PM2169). Medium stirrup jar. Mostly intact; missing one handle, fragments from second handle, approximately one fifth of body. H. (disc to base) 16.0; disc d. 3.8; spout d. 2.8; max. d. 13.9; base d. 5.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5Y 7/2, light gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dark gray to red (10YR 3/1-2.5YR 5/8). Isolated spiral on top of disc (FM 52.4); thick line on edge of disc; thick line on edge of spout; band above base of spout; solid paint on handles; on shoulder, vertical groups of tapering horizontal dashes; four fine lines below, bordered by a band; one band on mid-body; one band below mid-body; two thick lines on lower body; band on base. Context: E1 12, D1 4. Comments: The low protrusion on the disc is a distinctive feature of stirrup jars during LH IIIC. For further discussion, see chapters 4.3 and 5.4. For similar shoulder decoration on a stirrup jar from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 431, no. 950, pl. 129α.950, fig. 37.950. Publication: Koehl 1984: 216, fig. 6.2; Thomatos 2006:29, no. 109, fig. 1.72.

one is TB. Furthermore, while the discs on other stirrup jars are either flat or convex, and may have a protuberance in the middle, this one is sunken, below the level of the upper handle attachments. But perhaps most striking are its three handles, a feature which occurs otherwise only on stirrup jars from Crete, from Middle Minoan III, when they first appear, into Late Minoan IIIC (on the earliest ones, see Betancourt 1985: 105; for Late Minoan IIIC, see e.g., Kanta 1980: 22, fig. 21.2). Also unusual is its linear decoration with groups of three thick lines, rather than bands and fine lines, which typically decorate stirrup jars. However, this system also occurs here on a small stirrup jar, 417, and a small lekythos, 592. Also, groups of three even bands is the standard system of decoration on large stirrup jars; see 412 (with lowest band on base), 414, and 416. Note, too, that, the shoulder of 412 is decorated with large triangles with linear interiors. For a stirrup jar from Perati with similar triangles on the shoulder, filled with thick, parallel lines, see Iakovidis 1969: 320, no. 130 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 574, no. 354, dated to LH IIIC Early). For a stirrup jar from Langada, Kos with an upper body zone of triangles filled with thick, parallel diagonal lines, see Morricone 1967: 109, no. 24, fig. 89.9. For further discussion of 599, see chapter 5.3. Publication: Koehl 1984, 216, fig. 6.4; Mountjoy 1999a: 934.

598 (K1029/P723). Medium stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder to mid body. H. 7.8; max. rest. d. 18.8. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Band on shoulder; two narrow bands enclose zone of diaper net (FM 57.2); band on upper body; band on mid body. Context: E1 12.

Small stirrup jar, globular (FS 174) 600 (K303/P46/PM2172). Small stirrup jar. Profile preserved from shoulder to base; missing false neck, spout, one handle, approximately one third of body. H. (shoulder to base) 10.2; h. (top of handle to base) 13.0; max. d. 12.4; base d. 4.5. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 3/2–2.5YR 4/8). Solid paint on handle with reserved triangle at attachment to disc; on shoulder, unvoluted flowers (FM 18C.129); on upper body, bands enclose group of fine lines; above mid-point, narrow zone of vertical wavy lines (FM 53.33), delimited by a band; at mid body, group of fine lines delimited by band; band on lower body and band on base enclose group of fine lines; four concentric circles on underside of base. Context: E1 12. Comments: For similar shoulder and narrow body zone decoration, see 421. Like 421, the ware, paint and surface appear different from the standard FB. Based on autopsy, it appears to be an import, perhaps from the Argolid or possibly Boeotia, and may be an LH IIIB:1 antique. For a close parallel from Eutresis, Boeotia, see Goldman 1931: 190, no. 3, fig. 263.3 (= Mountjoy 1983: 88, no. 74, fig. 35.74, dated to LH IIIB; Mountjoy 1999a: 680,

Medium stirrup jar, squat (FS 181) 599 (K305/P39/PM2167). Medium stirrup jar with three handles. Mostly intact; missing small fragments from body. H. (disc to base) 17.0; disc d. 4.5; spout d. 3.9; max. d. 22.8; base d. 10.0. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired black to red (5YR 2.5/1-2.5YR 5/8). Surface wiped smooth prior to painting. Solid circle on disc from which three thick lines continue down the center of each handle; band on base of false neck; band on IN of spout, onto rim; band on base of spout; band around base of each handle; on shoulder, between base of handles and spout, isolated triangles filled with thick, uneven horizontal parallel lines; group of three thick lines on upper body and group of three thick lines above mid-point enclose zone of isolated semicircles (FM 43), one filled with a circle; group of three thick lines below mid-point; group of three thick lines on lower body, with lowest on base. Context: E1 12. Comments: This stirrup jar is unusual in several respects. Whereas most are made in FB ware, this 73

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

no. 165, fig. 260.165, dated to Transitional LH IIIIB:2LH IIIC Early). For an LH IIIB parallel from Scimatari, Boeotia, see Mountjoy 1983: 65, no. 39, fig. 24.39. For further discussion, see Chapters 5.3 and 6. Publication: Koehl 1984: 216, fig. 6.3; Thomatos 2006: 29, no. 108, fig. 71.

606 (K1098/P792). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder. H. 4.25; w. 4.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/4). Perhaps a tri-curved arch (FM 62); band; two lines. Context: E1 16.

601 (K380/P44). Small stirrup jar. Joining fragments from false neck to lower body, with both handles, base of spout. H. 10.0 (to top of disc); max. d. 10.0; disc d. 2.8. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/8). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Spiral (FM 52.4) on disc; solid handles with reserved triangles at junction of disc and handles; band on base of false neck and spout; on shoulder, multiple stem and tongue (FM 19.52); on upper body, two bands enclose thick line; narrow zone of vertical wavy line groups, FM 53.35; three bands. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a stirrup jar from Ialysos, Rhodes with the same patterned shoulder and body zones, see Desborough 1964: 2, pl. 2a, dated to LH IIIB.

607 (K1066/P760). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder. H. 3.3; w. 2.6. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired dark reddish brown to reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2-4/4). Filled lozenge (FM 73) on shoulder; uneven dot row, band, two lines enclose a narrow band. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a similarly filled lozenge, see 593. 608 (K1032/P726). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from mid to lower body. H. 6.7; w. 8.9. FB, SM (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5Y 6/2, light brownish gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Painted fired red to reddish brown (2.5YR 5/8-4/4). Bands enclose group of lines; two thick lines at midpoint; bands enclose group of fine lines. Context: E1 12.

Small stirrup jar, type indeterminate 602 (K1136/P830). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of spout and shoulder. Max. w.8.0; spout h. 2.7. FB (7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/6). Band on base of spout; isolated semicircles (FM 43.h) on shoulder; band. Context: E1, pit 1.

Medium lentoid flask (FS 186) 609 (K1036/P730). Medium lentoid flask. Large fragment from one side of body with lower handle attachment. Max h. 24.5. FB, SM (5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR N6/, gray). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). From the center, two sets of bands enclosing line groups; lines enclose a band; band on carination. Context: E1 12. Comments: For a complete example from Langada, Kos, see Morricone 1967: 153, no. 9, fig. 144.81.

603 (K1030/P724). Small stirrup jar, perhaps from shoulder zone. H. 3.5; w. 4.5. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to reddish brown (5YR 3/1-4/4). Vertical row of dashes, perhaps from outer edge of unvoluted flower (FM 18C) on shoulder; band; narrow diaper net zone (FM 57.2), enclosed by narrow bands. Context: E1 12.

UID large closed vase 610 (K1054/P748). UID large closed vase, perhaps a hydria (FS 128) or amphora (FS 69). Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.95; est. rim d. 14.5. FB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5 YR N8/, white). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). Band on IN and EX. Context: E1 12.

604 (K1099/P793). Small stirrup jar. Body sherd, perhaps from shoulder. H. 4.2; w. 4.8. FB (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Brown paint (7.5YR 4/4). Isolated semicircles (FM 43) on thick line; band. Context: E1 16. 605 (K1031/P725). Small stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder. H. 4.0; w. 5.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to yellowish red (5YR 3/1-4/6). Bands enclose zigzag (FM 61.4); two bands below. Context: E1 12.

611 (K1039/P733). UID large closed vase, perhaps a hydria (FS 128) or amphora (FS 69). Body sherd. H. 13.9; w. 7.2. FB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Concentric arcs, perhaps from a running spiral (FM 46.59); band; wide undecorated zone; two bands. Context: E1 10, 12. 74

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

612 (K1109/P803). UID large closed vase. Two nonjoining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 7.15; w. 8.0. TB, M (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/1, light gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired yellowish red to red (5YR 5/6-2.5YR 5/6). Zone of stemmed spirals (FM 49); three bands. Context: E1 14, 15.

619 (K1028/P722). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 6.5; w. 4.75. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish brown to black (5YR 4/32.5/1). Paneled zigzag (FM 75.10); band. Context: E1 12. Comments: For decoration, see 586.

UID medium closed vase

620 (K1033/P727). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.45; w. 5.35. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to reddish brown (2.5YR 5/85YR 5/3). Paneled triglyph (FM 75) with vertical dot row in center, enclosed by two parallel horizontal lines; two parallel vertical lines and one thick line flank central panel; band. Context: E1 12.

613 (K1055/P749). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.0; w. 3.6. TB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Paint fired dark red to very dark gray (2.5YR 3/6-N3/). Band on upper surface of rim. Context: E1 12. 614 (K1070/P764). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.0; est. rim d. 11.1. TB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: E1 12.

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) 621 (K298/P42/PM2087). Straight-sided lid. Mostly intact; missing small fragments from side wall. H. 3.8; base d. 10.8; top perforation d. 0.4. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/8). On top, three concentric bands; band on corner of top and side wall; band in middle of side wall; thick line on lower edge. Context: E1 12. Comments: For parallels, see 450. Publication: Koehl 1984: 218, fig. 5.10; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 52.

615 (K1071/P765). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.2; w. 18.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: E1 12. 616 (K1068/P762). UID medium closed vase. Base with non-joining fragments from lower body. Max. h. 7.3; base d. 9.2. FB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: E1 12.

622 (K383/P49). Straight-sided lid. Complete profile; missing approximately one third of top and two thirds of sides; two non-joining side fragments. H.4.2; base d. 13.2; top perforation d. 0.6. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). On top, six concentric lines around central perforation, followed by two concentric bands; band on corner of top and side wall; band on side wall, near lower edge. Context: E1 7, 8, 9. Comments: For parallels, see 450.

617 (K1100/P794). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 0.95; w. 2.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Rock pattern (FM 34.7). Context: E1 16. Comments: The rock pattern on this fragment is dated by Furumark to LH IIIA:2. Perhaps this is an example of an archaizing vase; for further discussion, see Chapter 5.3.

623 (K384/P50). Straight-sided lid. Joining and nonjoining fragments from approximately one third of top and half of side wall. H. 5.8; est. base d. 14.0; top perforation d. 0.45. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: reddish yellow, 5YR 6/8). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Two concentric bands around central perforation; one band near edge of top; one band on corner of top and side wall; one band on lower edge. Context: E1 12. Comments: For the domed top, see 448. Publication: Koehl 1984: 218, fig. 5.11.

618 (K1108/P802). UID medium closed vase. Four nonjoining body sherds (largest sherd drawn). H: (largest sherd) 4.8; w. 6. FB, M (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired black to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/14/6). Spirals; two bands. Context: E1 15. Comments: The spirals might be stemmed, FM 51.15; see 612.

75

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

624 (K1123/P817). Straight-sided lid. Fragment from top. H. 4.45; w. 5.35. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 8/1, white). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired black to dark yellowish brown (10YR 2/1-4/4). Bands enclose lozenge chain (FM 73i); edge of band. Context: E1 14. Comments: This is the only lid in the assemblage decorated with a patterned motif; all others have only linear decoration (see Chapter 4.3). A good parallel for this lozenge occurs on an alabastron from Elateia, Phokis, dated to LH IIIC Middle; see Deger-Jalkotzy 2007: fig. 2.6.

But rather than imagine an actual room built directly above the sub-basement room, associated with strata 9-16, perhaps the uppermost strata, 1-8, represent the remains from a kind of tower, built using the bedrock outcropping for support on the east. This would account, perhaps, for the large number of stone blocks and limited cultural material in the debris (Schilardi 1980: pl. 164β). A tower here would have guarded the ascent to the acropolis from the southeast. Although fragments of deep bowls were found in the upper strata, this is the most common shape found throughout the site (for statistics, see Appendix 2). Perhaps some food consumption occurred here, but surely not storage.

Context 3. Storeroom 3

However, an abrupt change in the nature of the material remains begins in stratum 9 and continues into stratum 16, where bedrock was reached in parts of the room. It should be noted that only the southern half of the room was excavated below stratum 8. A stone bench was discovered constructed along the room’s west side, at the foot of which was found a well-preserved utilitarian bronze double axe (Schilardi 1980: 276, pl. 165α). In addition to the sudden appearance of numerous pithos fragments (Schilardi 1980: pls. 164α, 165β), comprising a minimum of six pithoi (based on a count of the bases), there is a notable increase in fine and medium coarse wares. While the pithoi will be published in a separate study, a unique fragment is presented here, 724, decorated with impressed strips of clay to form an image of a long-necked bird. Nonetheless, compared with the two other storerooms, this one contained a relatively small amount of pottery, with no intact or nearly intact vases. Furthermore, out of the minimum of 105 vases (see Appendix 2c), of which 99 were cataloged, 23 had cross-joins, mostly between strata 9-16, a rather high percentage in comparison with the other storerooms.

Storeroom 3, located entirely within square F1, was excavated during the 1980 season (Schilardi 1980: 273276). With an interior dimension of 3.75 by 2.50 meters, it is the easternmost in the row of three storerooms constructed against the Great South Wall of the building complex (Figures 1, 7). A doorway in its north wall connects the room with the southern east-west jog in the East-West Corridor (discussed below). The threshold of this door lies at least a meter above the floor of Storeroom 3, suggesting that the storeroom was entered via a wooden ladder (Schilardi 1980: 276). The room itself is clearly a basement, perhaps a subbasement, and thus preserves no indication of windows. Its eastern wall was built to incorporate a portion of the bedrock outcropping which runs north to south and defines the eastern limits of the building. The bedrock continues inside the room’s north-east corner and along the east side, then drops off abruptly before the middle of the room. Apparently, the bedrock was covered with layers of clay, to create level surfaces or to form a bedding for a floor. However, no proper floors were uncovered in this room. Rather, the room was filled from the uppermost to lowest strata, 1-16, with a tumble of various sized blocks and schist slabs.

The vases from the lower strata included, along with the ubiquitous deep bowl and kylix, five dippers and a wide variety of closed vases. It may also be notable that of the seven deep spouted cups found here, a shape normally made in FB ware, six are TB ware, 641-646, one of which, 642, is the only example in this assemblage decorated with a whorl-shell. Indeed, it appears that the whorl-shell was a relatively popular motif on the pottery from this room, as suggested by its occurrence on three deep bowls, 659-661, a shape on which it rarely occurs, and perhaps on a closed vase, 715 (for further discussion of the whorl-shell in this assemblage, see Chapters 4.3 and 5.3).

With that said, based on the excavation diary and study of the ceramic cross-joins, it appears that the debris from Storeroom 3 can be separated into two stratigraphic units: strata 1-8 and strata 9-16. The uppermost unit, strata 1-8, is comprised of a rather homogenous mixture of collapsed stones and very few cultural remains. The doorway in the north wall of the room was first observed in stratum 3 (Schilardi 1980: pl. 163β). Considering the scarcity of cultural material, it is difficult to state with certainty whether the destruction debris from these upper strata belongs to the collapse of a room located directly above or tumbled down from the corridor to the north. It is interesting that unlike elsewhere on the site, this room was largely devoid of ash in its destruction level.

It is also surely significant that of the three storerooms, this one contained the largest number of ground stone tools, including mortars (Schilardi 1980: 275-276). Based on the room’s depth and the incorporation of exposed bedrock in its interior, both of which would have insured that it was continuously dark and cool, as well as its cultural remains, e.g. the 76

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

utilitarian bronze axe noted above, it may be inferred that the room functioned primarily as a larder, where food preparation also occurred. The bench along its west side, opposite the bedrock, was probably built to facilitate these activities.

631 (K941/P633). Kylix. Lower stem and base. H. 2.8; base d. 7.4. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N7/, light gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Monochrome. Context: F1 13.

OPEN SHAPES

632 (K943/P635). Kylix. Lower stem and base. H. 6.0; base d. 6.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red to black (5YR 5/8-2.5/1). Band on base of stem; narrow band on edge of base. Context: F1 14.

Rounded kylix (FS 258) 625 (K946/P638). Rounded kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body with one handle. H. 8.4; w. 6.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; band on handle. Context: F1 16. Comments: For profile and decoration, see 462.

633 (K945/P637). Kylix. Lower stem and base. H. 1.3; base d. 7.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Lower edge of band on base of stem; narrow band on base; wider band on edge of base. Context: F1 16.

626 (K942/P634). Rounded kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body with one handle. H. 4.6; w. 3.5. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; band on handle. Context: F1 13. Comments: For profile and decoration, see 462.

634 (K951/P643). Kylix. Stem with small fragment of lower body and fragment of base. H. 6.2; est. base d. 6.8. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). UP. Context: F1 12.

Rounded conical kylix (FS 258/274)

635 (K940/P632). Kylix. Body sherd. H. 3.6; w. 2.5. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 7/1, light gray). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2) Pairs of parallel lines enclose vertical wavy line (cf. FM 75.24). Context: F1 9. Comments: Perhaps from a Zygouries-style kylix. See 23; also discussed in Chapter 5.3.

627 (K947/P639). Rounded conical kylix. Joining and non-joining fragments from rim to top of stem, with one handle attachment and non-joining handle strap (handles restored in drawing). Rest. h. 15.0; est. rim d. 19.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 2,3. 628 (K948/P640). Rounded conical kylix. Joining and non-joining fragments from rim to top of stem with one handle. H. 13.8; rest. rim d. 18.8. FB, M (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). UP. Context: F1 9, 10.

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) 636 (K949/P641). Low-stemmed cup. Joining and nonjoining fragments from approximately one third of rim and body. H. 4.5; est. rim d. 10.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 12. Comments: For an intact example, see 50.

629 (K944/P636). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of lower body. H. 5.4. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: UP. Context: F1 15.

637 (K950/P642). Low-stemmed cup. Lower stem and base. H. 2.1; base d. 5.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 13.

Kylix, type indeterminate

638 (K952/P644). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment from lower body to base. H. 5.7; base d. 4.9. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). UP. Context: F1 14.

630 (K939/P631). Kylix. Lower stem and base. H. 3.0; base d. 6.8. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Monochrome. Context: F1 9. 77

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

639 (K953/P645). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment from lower body with one third of base pr. H. 5.5; base d. 5.6. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: F1 16.

Black paint (10YR 2/1). Uneven band on side of spout; thick line on tip. Context: F1 11, 13. 645 (K967/P659). Deep spouted cup. Spout with fragment of body. L. 7.0. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Thick line on edges of spout; band under base of spout, at junction with body. Context: F1 10, 15.

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) 640 (K969/P661). Deep spouted cup. Missing spout; otherwise complete profile on handle side. H. 14.8; rim d. 17.0; base d. 6.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim; circular band on base. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; band on lower body; band on base; solid paint on handle with reserved triangle at upper attachment. Context: F1 12, 14, 15. Comments: For an intact example, see 92.

646 (K966/P65)8. Deep spouted cup. Body sherd, probably from neck. H. 2.4; w. 3.6. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band; parallel chevrons (FM 58). Context: F1 10. Deep bowl (FS 284) 647 (K999/P691). Deep bowl. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim, body, complete base. Est. h. 11.0; est. rim d. 15.0; base d. 5.0. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: F1 10, 11, 12, 14. Comments: The flat base is unusual.

641 (K971/P663). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body with attachment for spout. H.5.2; est. rim d. 15.0. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; sloping band on junction of rim and shoulder; zone with a bivalve shell (FM 25) and vertical line group; narrow band; band under base of spout; thick line along edges. Context: F1 16.

648 (K1012/P704). Deep bowl. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim, body, complete base. Base d. 6.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Strong brown paint (7.5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on body; band on base. Context: F1 6, 10, 14. Comments: See 118.

642 (K970/P662). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 6.8; est. rim d. 20.8. TB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2). IN: narrow band on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; horizontal whorlshell with dot eye and dot rows in curves of upper body (FM 23); band. Context: F1 15. Comments: On the whorl-shell motif in this assemblage, see Chapters 4.3 and 5.3. Its occurrence on a deep spouted cup is unusual.

649 (K1009/P701). Deep bowl. Joining and nonjoining fragments from rim. H. 2.5; est. rim d. 10.0. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dusky red to red paint (10R 3/3-4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: monochrome; possible traces of uneven added white lines on rim (not shown in drawing). Context: F1 13, 16. Comments: The ware, slip, and added white paint are unusual, and may indicate that this is an import.

643 (K984/P676). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.5; w. 4.8. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; top of diagonal dot row and diagonal line, perhaps from an unvoluted flower (cf. FM 18C.151). Context: F1 5.

650 (K1011/P703). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.5; w. 2.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; two parallel curved diagonal lines, perhaps from a bivalve shell (FM 25), filled with concentric arcs or circles. Context: F1 13.

644 (K968/P660). Deep spouted cup. Spout with fragment of body. L. 5.2. TB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). 78

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

651 (K1003/P695). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 2.7; w. 3.8. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: isolated semicircle in panel (FM 43.21). Context: F1 11.

Context: F1 10. Comments: On the chronological significance of the reserved band on the interior, see Chapters 4.3, 5.4. 658 (K1006/P698). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 2.8; w. 3.1. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim; reserved band; monochrome below. EX: band on rim. Context: F1 10. Comments: See 657.

652 (K989/P681). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body with one handle. H. 4.8; est. rim d.18.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; concentric circles(?) with dot fringe (cf. FM 43o); band; loop of paint on upper handle attachment; blob of paint on middle of handle. Context: F1 9. Comments: The sharply out-turned rim and narrow decorative zone are unusual.

659 (K1010/P702). Deep bowl. Fragment from rim to lower body with one handle attachment. H. 9.2; est. rim d. 16.0. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; two horizontal whorl-shells, one below the other, with a dot inside the heads and dots in the curves of the upper body (cf. FM 23.17); two bands; loop above base of handle. Context: F1 13. Comments: See 154 for deep bowls with whorl-shell decoration.

653 (K977/P669). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.3; est. rim d. 15.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; row of concentric semicircles. Context: F1 1. 654 (K1002/P694). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.3; w. 4.4. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 6/3 pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark grayish brown paint (10YR 4/2). IN: monochrome. EX: antithetic spiral with group of parallel lines filling curve of stem (cf. FM 50.8). Context: F1 11.

660 (K1019/P711). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.0; w. 4.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red to dark reddish brown (5YR 5/8-2.5/2). IN: band below rim. EX: thick line just below rim; two horizontal whorlshells (FM 23), one above the other, with dotted eyes, dot rows in the loops, and solid tails. Context: F1 16. Comments: See 154 for deep bowls with whorl-shell decoration.

655 (K990/P682). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 2.8; w. 2.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paneled zigzag (FM 75.10). Context: F1 9.

661 (K1013/P705). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.7; w. 3.2. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). IN: band below rim. EX: thick line just below rim; indeterminate pattern with converging horizontal lines (perhaps from the tips of whorlshells, FM 23); thick line below; curved tip from indeterminate pattern, below. Context: F1 14.

656 (K1000/P692). Deep bowl. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim, body, one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 8.8; est. rim d. 14.0. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled zigzag (FM 75.22) and triglyph with half-rosette (FM 74); band. Context: F1 9, 10, 11, 12.

662 (K1007/P699). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.5; w. 4.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/8 reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Thick line on rim; band and narrow band enclose bivalves (FM 25.18) joined at the tips. Context: F1 12.

657 (K1001/P693). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 1.8; w. 3.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 5/8, strong brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim; reserved band; monochrome below. EX: band just below rim; two parallel curved lines, probably from a spiral. 79

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

663 (K995/P687). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.8; w. 3.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; horizontal loop, perhaps from antithetic spiral (FM 50). Context: F1 9.

5/8). IN: monochrome. EX: vertical lines, perhaps from triglyph (FM 75); band. Context: F1 9. 671 (K996/P688). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.4; w. 5.4. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 4/4). Rosette (FM 17) or sea anemone (FM 27). Context: F1 9, 14. Comments: While usually classified as FM 17, a rosette (see e.g., Podzuweit 2007: pl. 15), the version here seems closer to the sea anemone, FM 27, combining features of FM 27.37 and FM 27.49, though with a concentric band and thick line border, rather than a dot row, as is common.

664 (K1014/P706). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.7; w. 3.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; two widely spaced curved, uneven horizontal lines, perhaps from the loop of an antithetic spiral (FM 50). Context: F1 14. 665 (K994/P686). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 3.0; w. 2.4. FB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: thick line on rim; reserved band; band. EX: narrow band on rim; paneled zigzag (FM 75.38). Context: F1 9.

672 (K986/P678). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.4; w. 3.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Bivalve shells (FM 25.20); band. Context: F1 6.

666 (K988/P680). Deep bowl. Fragment from mid-body to base; missing one third of base. H. 7.9; base d. 6.5. FB (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: band on mid-body; circular band surrounds isolated spiral with solid center on bottom. EX: two bands; band above base. Context: F1 8, 9.

673 (K1016/P708). Deep bowl. Body sherd with handle attachment. H. 4.6; w. 3.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). One curved, two uneven lines, perhaps from an isolated semicircle (FM 43); band; paint on handle attachment. Context: F1 14.

667 (K1004/P696). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 6.8; w. 6.1. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: spiral; tips of two diagonal lines and two vertical lines; band. Context: F1 11. Comments: The tips of the lines might come from a tricurved arch with spiral IN (cf. FM 62.29), or antithetic spirals.

674 (K1008/P700). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.4; w. 2.8. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/4). Convex curving line in panel (?); band. Context: F1 12. 675 (K1005/P697). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 4.7; w. 3.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Stemmed spiral with parallel wavy lines between stem and spiral (FM 51); band. Context: F1 11.

668 (K978/P670). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 5.0; w. 4.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: curved parallel lines from spiral; band. Context: F1 1. 669 (K991/P683). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.4; w. 2.9. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled bivalves (cf. FM 75.26). Context: F1 9.

676 (K1015/P707). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.3; w. 3.4. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 5/8, strong brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Curving diagonal line, perhaps from stemmed spiral (FM 51) or tri-curved arch (FM 62); band. Context: F1 14.

670 (K993/P685). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.8; w. 1.9. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR

677 (K985/P677). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.1; w. 1.9. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core:10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). 80

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Black paint (10YR 2/1). Parallel chevrons (FM 58). Context: F1 6.

Context: F1 11. Comments: For the profile, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 198.1; also 246.

678 (K981/P673). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.0; w. 2.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Two joined semicircles between a line group and a single line. Context: F1 3.

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) 685 (K972/P664). Shallow angular bowl. Fragment of rim with one handle attachment. H. 3.8; w. 5.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 11 Comments: See 249.

679 (K1017/P709). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.3; w. 2.3. FB (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/8). Part of a spiral. Context: F1 14.

Shallow rounded bowl 686 (K973/P665). Shallow rounded bowl. Fragment of rim, body, with one horizontal strap handle. H. 10.9; est. rim d. 27.0. FB (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim; bands enclose zone of alternating triglyphs and parallel chevrons (FM 58.34). EX: even bands; solid handle. Context: F1 10, 11. Comments: See 252, perhaps by the same potter and painter; also, Chapter 4.3, 5.3.

680 (K997/P689). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.5; w. 1.5. FB (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Two lines from a triglyph filled with horizontal line groups. Context: F1 9. 681 (K982/P674). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.7; w. 2.5. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Straight and wavy vertical lines; three thick vertical lines; horizontal line crosses bottom of vertical lines; band. Context: F1 6.

Kalathos (FS 291)

682 (K1018/P710). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.4; w. 1.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Tips of six curved lines from UID motif. Context: F1 15.

687 (K1021/P713). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 9.8; est. rim d. 25.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 9. Comments: For a similar rim profile on a kalathos from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 162, no. 2, pl. 46β.2 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 579, no. 382, fig. 214.382, dated to LH IIIC Early).

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242)

Spouted basin (FS 302)

683 (K1020/P712). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.5; w. 2.7. TB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: F1 3. Comments: See 233. Stemmed bowl (FS 305)

688 (K911/P1191). Spouted basin. Complete profile with spout; missing somewhat less than half of vase. H. 10.2; rim d. 29.0; base d. 10.0. TB, M (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: band on rim; band below rim; solid circle on bottom. EX: band on rim, along upper edge of spout, on upper edge of handle. Context: F1 14, 12. Comments: See 267.

684 (K929/P621). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of base. H. 2.2; base d. 11.4. TB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/2, light brownish gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Band on base.

689 (K974/P666). Spouted basin. Non-joining fragments of body and spout. H. (body sherd) 12.0; w. 9.3. FB, SM (2.5YR 5/8, red; core: 2.5YR 4/6, red). Red slip (2.5YR 5/8). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Bands on body; paint at base of spout and along edges. 81

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: F1 14, 16. Comments: See 267. The red color of the clay, core, slip, and paint are unusual though the presence of mica may indicate it was made locally.

handles. For a monochrome example from Perati, with a reserved base, see Iakovidis 1969: 247, pl. 71γ.485 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 565, no. 314, fig. 208.314, dated to LH IIIC Early)

Dipper (FS 236)

695 (K935/P627). Amphoriskos. Joining and nonjoining fragments of rim, neck, body. 7.8; est. rim d. 13.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: band on rim; band on neck. EX: wide band over rim and neck; zone of running spirals on shoulder (FM 46); bands below. Context: F1 10, 11, 13. Comments: For an amphoriskos from Pilona, Rhodes, with a running spiral on the shoulder, see Thomatos 2006: 52, no. 257.

690 (K961/P653). Dipper. Handle with fragment of rim and body. H. 17.3; w. 4.4. TB, M (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). UP. Context: F1 9. Comments: For a similar angular profile see 555 and 557. 691 (K962/P654). Dipper. Fragment of handle and rim. H. 4.8; w. 2.7. TB (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5 YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Bands on handle. Context: F1 9. Comments: For a dipper with bands on the handle from Ayios Stephanos, see Mountjoy 1999a: 285, no. 193, fig. 96.193, dated to LH IIIC Early.

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) 696 (K912/P604). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim, body, base; attachments from one handle; perforation on shoulder, made before firing. Est. h. 45.0; est. rim d. 11.0; est. base d. 13.5; est. max. d. 42.5. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N6/, gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 10, 11, 12. Comments: While most are painted, this is the best preserved example of a large UP collar-necked jar in the assemblage.

692 (K964/P656). Dipper. Fragment of handle, rim, and body. H. 13.7; w. 5.3. TB, M (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). UP. Context: F1 11. Comments: For a similar angular profile see 555 and 557, though the carination here is particularly pronounced.

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69)

693 (K963/P655). Dipper. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.8; est. rim d. 12.0. TB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N6/, gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: F1 10. Comments: The out-turned rim on this dipper is unusual for UP ones, but standard for painted specimens; see 276-280.

697 (K976/P668). Rim-handled amphora? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.2; est. rim d. 12.9. TB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: F1 14. Comments: For the rim profile, see Mountjoy 1995a: 215, 218, no.125, fig. 12.125, for an UP specimen from Thorikos, probably dated to LH IIIC Middle.

CLOSED SHAPES

Rounded alabastron (FS 86)

Amphoriskos (FS 59)

698 (K957/P649). Rounded alabastron. Fragment of shoulder with half of one handle. H. 3.5; w. 4.5. TB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Two bands enclose fine lines; isolated concentric semicircles pendant from lower band, at shoulder (FM 43); solid handle. Context: F1 12.

694 (K956/P648). Amphoriskos. Nearly complete profile with two non-joining fragments from rim to shoulder with one handle attachment (second is restored in drawing), and lower body to base. Est. h. 6.5; est. rim d. 4.2; est. base d 2.0. FB (5YR 6/8, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/8). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Monochrome. Context: F1 9. Comments: The ovoid shape of the body is unusual as amphoriskoi are normally more globular. Also, the solid monochrome painting is unusual as they normally have a patterned zone at the level of the

699 (K1022/P715). Rounded alabastron. Fragment from shoulder. H. 3.3; w. 3.6. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Bands 82

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

enclose group of parallel wavy lines (FM 53.35); band. Context: F1 9.

amphoriskos from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: 147, pl. 21.3. 704 (K938/P630). Large jug. Joining and non-joining fragments from shoulder to upper half of base; fragment of lower handle attachment. Max. est. h. 18.0; max. est. d. 20.3. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). Edge of band on shoulder, perhaps from base of neck; two bands on body; band on base. Context: F1 11, 14, 15, 16. Comments: For a nearly complete profile, see 360.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) 700 (K955/P647). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.9; est. base d. 17.1. TB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Thre close set bands. Context: F1 6. Comments: For a complete profile, see 1017. For a straight-sided alabastron from Eutresis decorated only with bands, rather than bands and lines, see Goldman 1931: 189, fig. 263.1 (= Mountjoy 1983: 95, no. 126, fig. 38.126, pl. 19a [126], dated to LH IIIC; Mountjoy 1986: fig. 173.2, dated to LH IIIC Early; Mountjoy 1999a: 680, no. 164, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early). For examples from Attica dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1999a: 568, nos. 328, 330-332. For examples from Achaea, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Mountjoy 1999a: 418, no. 65, 420, nos. 68, 69, 71. For examples from Skyros dated to LH IIIC Early, see Parlama 1984: 193, no. 53, fig. 48.53, pl. 88.53, 195-196, no. 56, fig. 50.56, pl. 89.56, 194-195, no. 55, fig. 49.55, pl. 89.55 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 732, nos. 22, 23, 25, 26). For an example from Perati dated to LH IIIC Middle, see Iakovidis 1969: 393, no. 787, pl. 115α.787 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 585, no. 410). For an example from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006, 147, pl. 21.4.

Medium jug (FS 110) 705 (K936/P628). Medium jug. Nearly complete rim, neck, fragment of shoulder. H. 5.7; rim d. 5.3. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: line on rim; band on base of neck. Context: F1 13. Comments: For a full profile, see 574 or 575. Large stirrup jar, type indeterminate 706 (K913/P605). Large stirrup jar. Spout. H. 7.8; rim d. 7.2. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: carelessly painted band on rim; band on base of spout. Context: F1 12, 14, 15. Comments: See 412

Large jug (FS 106) 701 (K914/P606). Large jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 6.8; est. rim d. 9.0. TB, M (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 6/6 reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: F1 14.

Medium stirrup jar, globular (FS 174) 707 (K954/P646). Medium stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder and upper body with one handle attachment. H. 4.4; est. max. d. 14.8. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Unvoluted flower on shoulder (cf. FM 18C.127); two bands enclose zone of isolated zigzags (FM 61.3); one band; paint on handle. Context: F1 14. Comments: Unlike 421 and 600, which have similar shoulder motifs and a narrow upper body zone with linear decoration, this jar appears to have only wide bands without a group of fine lines between the bands. For a smaller stirrup jar from Perati with similar decoration, see Iakovidis 1969: 321, no. 134, pl. 98γ.134 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 574, no. 348, dated to LH IIIC Early).

702 (K926/P618). Large jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.6; w. 4.3. TB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dusky red paint (2.5YR 2.5/2). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: F1 10. 703 (K917/P609). Large jug. Joining and non-joining fragments from base of neck to base. H. 18.6; est. base d. 8.7. TB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6 reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on base of neck; deep wavy band on upper body (FS 53.20); band on lower body. Context: F1 9, 10, 13, 15, 16. Comments: This vase has numerous inclusions, visible on the surface. For a similar deep, wavy band on an 83

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

716 (K922/P614). UID closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.3; w. 4.7. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish yellow to dark reddish brown (5YR 6/8-2.5/2). Spiral with solid center. Context: F1 9.

UID closed vase 708 (K975/P667). UID closed vase, perhaps from an amphora, large jug, or hydria. Fragment from mid-body to base, with more than half of base preserved. H. 15.8; base d. 10.0. TB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired reddish brown to dark reddish brown (5YR 4/4-2.5/2). Band on mid body, on lower body, and on base. Context: F1 6, 9.

717 (K923/P615). UID closed vase. Body sherd. H. HH h. 3.3; w. 3.3. TB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Light red paint (2.5YR 6/8). Two curved vertical lines, perhaps from stemmed spirals (FM 51). Context: F1 9.

709 (K925/P617). UID closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.6; est. base d. 8.5 TB (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Band above base. Context: F1 9.

718 (K932/P624). UID closed vase. Body sherd. H. 6.5; w. 5.5. TB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Stemmed spiral (FM 51) with paneled ladder pattern (cf. FM 75.36); band. Context: F1 12.

710 (K933/P625). UID closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.5; est. base d. 8.0. TB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/2, pinkish gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Band on lower body; band on base. Context: F1 12.

719 (K937/P629). UID closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.5; w. 3.5. TB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4 pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/4). Pairs of parallel chevrons and horizontal lines enclosed by vertical wavy lines, pendant from thick line (cf. FM 75.8). Context: F1 14. Comments: For a similar motif on a kylix stem from Tiryns, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Podzuweit 1981: 208, fig. 55.6.

711 (K920/P612). UID closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.4; est. base d. 8.1. TB, M (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). UP. Context: F1 8. 712 (K928/P620). UID closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.8; est. base d. 7.0. TB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 11.

720 (K930/P622). UID closed vase. Body sherd. H. 5.9; w. 5.8. TB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 6/4, light yellowish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Deep wavy bands from UID pattern. Context: F1 11.

713 (K1023/P716). UID closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.4; est. base d. 7.5. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 12.

721 (K921/P613). UID closed vase. Joining and nonjoining body sherds. H. 12.4; w. 11.2. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Two bands enclose three lines. Context: F1 8, 9, 10, 12.

714 (K1024/P717). UID closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.4; est. base d. 4.8. TB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: F1 10.

722 (K918/P610). UID closed vase. Body sherd. H. 12.3; w. 9.3. TB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Two bands. Context: F1 1, 4.

715 (K924/P616). UID closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.3; w. 4.4. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 5/6, yellowish red). Very pale brown paint (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Horizontal whorl-shell? (FM 23). Context: F1 9.

723 (K931/P623). UID closed vase. Joining and nonjoining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 5.3; w. 8.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 84

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/4). Two widely spaced bands. Context: F1 9, 11.

the south and east in square E2 allowed the eastern half of the corridor to be fully excavated (Figure 5, during excavation). The corridor measures approximately 17 meters in length. It is widest on its western end, measuring approximately 2.40 meters, where the main entrance to the building may have been located. This area (square B2), however, was heavily disturbed by building during the Mycenaean ‘reoccupation’ phase (see Chapter 3), and in the Proto-Geometric and Middle Geometric periods. While no doorway is preserved, its function as an entranceway and vestibule may nonetheless be surmised from the presence of a staircase on the corridor’s south side, located in the adjacent square C2 (Figure 6), and perhaps from the two contiguous rooms appended to the corridor’s south wall in the southern part of square B2 and the north baulk of B1 (Figure 1). As neither of these rooms communicates with any other part of the building, it is possible that they served as waiting rooms (Koehl 2018a: 430). In the larger, eastern room, a Middle Geometric pit was dug down to the Mycenaean reoccupation phase (see Chapter 3). However, small areas of its floor were found intact and hence its pottery is published here (see below, Lower Deposit). While relatively little pottery came from this area, one notable specimen is 971, an unusual straightsided cup decorated with curved stripes, perhaps an antique or an ‘archaizing’ vase (see 971, Comments; also, Chapter 5.3).

Relief pithos (FS 13) 724 (K396/P64/PM2221). Fragment from below rim and upper body. H. 14.5; w. 15.4. CR (2.5YR 4/8, red; core: 2.5YR N3/, very dark gray). Reddish brown slip (5YR 5/4). Raised band, made from separately applied strip; head and part of the neck and body of a creature, in relief, made from separately applied strips of clay. Context: F1 16. Comments: The creature may depict a bird, to judge from the elongated bill and perhaps, rendering of a wing. The missing clay strips have left ‘ghosts,’ especially on the body, thus enabling a reliable reconstruction drawing (special thanks to L. Bonga). From the extant remains, it seems that the clay was pinched over the entire body to create a continuous pattern. The skeletal or linear treatment of the creature’s body or wing, might be compared with the linear patterns that fill the interiors of the zoomorphic figures on a straightsided alabastron from Lefkandi, Phase 2a; see Crouwel 2006: 243-244, 254, pl. 67. There are, however, no other published examples of LH IIIC pithoi with figural relief decoration. For pithoi from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, dating to LH IIIC Developed, see Popham et al. 2006, 210-211, figs. 2.39, 2.41, pls. 24.1-2, 28.5. Publication: Schilardi 1980: 275-276, pl. 166α.

Square C2, where the staircase is located, was also disturbed by later rebuilding although a thick level of destruction debris was reached in the northern part containing a significant quantify of ceramics, discussed below. The staircase itself consists of an eastern and a western flight (Figures 1, 6; Schilardi 1977: 370-371; Schilardi 1978: 199; Schilardi 1980: 277). The lowest step of the western flight, made of two stone slabs, is preserved in situ, whereas the other steps were probably wooden; its three parallel, evenly spaced stone support walls are preserved. Perhaps the stone step was meant to impress, as it would have led to the upper floor, where the main occupation quarters were located, the ‘piano nobile’ (Schilardi 1980: 283-284; Schilardi 1995: 487-488). The eastern flight, largely unexcavated, led down to Storeroom 1 (squares C1 and D1), whose doorway is preserved.

Context 4. East-West Corridor Two intersecting ground-floor corridors, one running north-south and one running east-west, form the architectural spine of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill (Figures 1, 4, 5). As noted in Chapter 1, the building’s two entrances are located at the north end of the North-South Corridor and at the west end of the East-West Corridor, with rooms arranged along both sides, in the familiar manner of the Mycenaean ‘corridor house’ (Koehl 2018a: 426-428). Although both corridors were investigated, most of the North-South Corridor lay directly beneath the baulks between squares D6 and E6, D5 and E5, D4 and E4, and D3 and E3, thus limiting the area available for excavation (Schilardi 2016: fig. 23). Furthermore, where excavation was conducted, notably in squares D5, D4, and D3, building activity from the post-Mycenaean periods disturbed and presumably removed much of the Mycenaean remains. The East-West Corridor however runs through the northern half of squares B2, C2, D2, and most of E2. While the north side of the corridor runs under the north baulks of squares B2 and C2, thus limiting here too the area for excavation, the slight widening of the corridor at square D2 and the L-shaped turn it takes to

The continuation of the corridor east of the staircase was excavated in the northern half of square D2, including portions of its north, west, and east baulks (Schilardi 1977: 370-372; Schilardi 1978:198-199). These excavations revealed a doorway in the corridor’s north wall, in the corner of the north-west baulk, which led into a room located within square D3, while the corridor’s north wall was revealed in the north baulk. The excavation of a portion of the east baulk (D2*) and 85

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

north baulk (D2N) on the east side of D2 revealed the intersection with the North-South Corridor (Figure 4) and the continuation of the East-West Corridor (baulk trench E2/E3), to its termination in the bedrock outcropping on the east side of E2. Opposite the intersection, a doorway was discovered in the south wall of the East-West Corridor in D2* which led down, via a staircase, to a room, mostly unexcavated, in the south part of square D2, adjacent to the staircase in square C2.

places into the Mycenaean remains, while preserving them in others (Schilardi 2016: fig. 23), the Mycenaean levels here were encountered just below the surface stratum. Hence, the Lower Deposit was less eroded than the Upper Deposit. It is also possible, however, that the L-shaped extension functioned differently from the main east-west and north-south arteries (see below). A comparison of the two deposits is useful for what it may reveal about the functions of their respective contexts (see Appendices 2d and 2e; also, Chapter 4.5). As noted already, the Upper Deposit contained nearly twice the minimum number of vases as the Lower Deposit. Furthermore, the Upper Deposit contained a significantly broader range of shapes, second in range only to the assemblage in Storeroom 1 (see Appendix 2g). While in both the Upper and Lower Deposits, the deep bowl is the most common shape, followed by the kylix and low-stemmed cup, there were more than twice the number of deep bowls in the Upper Deposit than in the Lower Deposit, though both contained approximately the same number of kylikes and low-stemmed cups. However, both deposits also yielded a greater range of closed than open shapes. Of these, the small stirrup jar is the most common shape in the Upper Deposit, followed by the straight-sided alabastron, while the reverse distribution occurs in the Lower Deposit, though the differences in minimum and proportional numbers are small.

The corridor then takes an L-shaped turn south and east, where the bedrock outcropping begins on the east side of E2. This is the narrowest part of the corridor, measuring 1.0 meters in width. The doorway and staircase leading from the corridor into Storeroom 2 is preserved in the common baulk of E1/E2. It should also be noted that the bedrock dips down in this part of the corridor, preserving over one meter of ashy destruction debris, although the uppermost strata were significantly eroded. Hence, whereas elsewhere along the corridor, the ceramic assemblage from the Upper Deposit was greater in quantity and range, the Lower Deposit from the L-shaped extension is larger here than elsewhere (see below). The excavation of the corridor ended on the east side of square E2, where a doorway and staircase were built into its south wall that led down to Storeroom 3 in square F1 (Schilardi 1978: 199). As noted in Chapter 1, based on the stratigraphy recorded in the excavation diaries and the associated ceramics, it has been possible to separate the pottery from the corridor into two assemblages, the Upper Deposit and Lower Deposit. The strata comprising the Upper Deposit contained burnt mud, stone blocks, pieces of plaster, and stone slabs, most likely ceiling, wall, and floor debris from the rooms of the upper floor (discussed below). Furthermore, at least 10 pithoi were found in the Upper Deposit of D2, D2*, D2N, and E2/E3, based on a preliminary count of their bases. The Lower Deposit was mostly composed of a layer of ashy soil covering the corridor’s floor, which was made of packed clay and cut bedrock. The ash layer was shallowest at its western end in B2 and C2, measuring up to 0.50 meters. However, in D2, D2* and D2N, E2/E3, and the L-shaped extension in E2, the ash layer measured on average over 1.0 meter in thickness (Figure 4).

Both deposits also contained multiple examples of deepspouted cups, kalathoi, basins, dippers, large and small collar-necked jars, small jugs, and neck-handled jugs. Notable among the ceramics from the Upper Deposit, but absent from the Lower Deposit, are the presence of three stemmed kraters and two ring-based kraters, four amphoriskoi, including 829, the best preserved specimen from the building, a straight-sided lid, and a grill stand, 961, the only one from the site. Also striking are the large number of vases from the Upper Deposit that preserve traces of secondary burning on their exteriors, undoubtedly caused by the building’s fire destruction, rather than from their initial firing in the kiln (see e.g., 872, 897, 925, 931, 935, 936, 939). Perhaps the conflagration was particularly severe in this area, due to the large number of pithoi stored on the upper floor, some of which may well have contained olive oil. The presence of the grill stand might indeed imply that some kind of cooking took place here (see Chapter 4.3).

Overall, the Upper Deposit yielded more ceramics than the Lower Deposit, with a minimum of 342 vases in the Upper Deposit and 185 vases in the Lower Deposit (see Appendices 2d and 2e). As can be gleaned from Table 2, most of the Upper Deposit vases came from the stretch of corridor within squares C2, D2, and E2, whereas the largest clusters of the vases in the Lower Deposit came from the L-shaped extension in E2 and the baulk trench, E2/E3. Unlike elsewhere on the site, where postMycenaean habitation was extensive, intruding in some

As noted above, the largest cluster of vases found in the Lower Deposit came from the floor of the L-shaped extension in E2 (Table 2). Two large collar-necked jars, 1011 and 1012, and one small collar-necked jar, 1014, were found in the north-south leg, on the west side of E2. Though fragmentary, 1011 is painted with two meticulous rows of bivalve shells. A well-preserved medium-sized alabastron, 1017, was found in the south86

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

west corner, next to a nearly intact, UP neck-handled jug, 1038. Four other straight-sided alabastra, 10181020, 1025, were found nearby. Finally, the upper part of a neck-handled jug, 1037, decorated with connected isolated semicircles and solid centers, was found in the drain, at the east end of the corridor.

Thus, some of the finest painted and most unusual vases come from the East-West Corridor. Mention was already made of 971, a unique straight-sided cup, perhaps an antique or an ‘archaizing’ vase, that was found in a space which may have served as a waiting area just south of the entrance to the corridor. Though

Table 2. Distribution/comparison of cataloged vases from the Upper and Lower Deposit of the East-West Corridor by shape, context, and stratum. Upper Deposit OPEN SHAPES

Square/trench stratum 12

Deep semi-globular cup

3

6

Carinated cup

1

Deep bowl

52

Stemmed bowl

1

Ring-based krater

2

Deep spouted cup One-handled Conical Bowl

Stemmed krater

B2 3-5

C2 3-5

D2 5-8

D2* 7-8

3

3

2

3

1

9 3

1

2

1

3 4

Basin, type indeterminate

5

1

Amphoriskos

4

1

Small collar-necked jar

1

Rim-handled amphora

2

CLOSED SHAPES

Large collar-necked jar

Belly-handled amphora

1

Rounded alabastron

2

Straight-sided alabastron

10

Medium jug

10

Neck-handled jug

3

Large jug

Small jug

Small lekythos

1

Small Stirrup Jar

11

UID medium closed

29

25

UID small closed

23

Grill stand

1

Lid

1 2 2

6

1

1 1

1

E2 2-4

E2/E3 2

1

1

1

3

3

1

1

1

1 1

1 2

1

2

1

1

4

1

1

1

2

1

3

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

2

1

1

87

2

3

2

1

1

3

1

1

2

2

1

2

UID large closed

1

1

1

1

Hydria

Medium Stirrup Jar

2

3

3

5

1

1

1

1

2

25

1

8

2

11

1

Kalathos

Spouted basin

D2N 4-8

Totals

Kylix

Low-stemmed cup

B1/B2 5

1

1

1

6

7

10 9

1 2

5

15 8

1

5

2 1

1

4

2

1 1

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Lower Deposit OPEN SHAPES

Square stratum

B1/B2 6-7

3

Straight-sided cup

1

1

Deep bowl

18

2

Shallow angular bowl

1

Basin, type indeterminate

7

Large collar-necked jar

3

Low-stemmed cup

6

Deep spouted cup

11

Stemmed bowl

1

Kalathos

1

Small collar-necked jar

1

Straight-sided alabastron

11

Medium jug

5

Rim-handled amphora Large jug

C2/D2 10

2

2

D2 9-11

D2* 9-10

1

1

1

5

2

3

2

1

1

D2N N.A.

E2 5-6

2

2

3

Large stirrup jar

1

UID large closed

8

6

UID medium closed

12

Rhyton?

1

10

1

2

1 2

1 1

1

1 1

2

Small stirrup jar

1

1 1

1

4

UID small closed

C2 6-8

2

Small jug

Neck-handled Jug

B2 6-7

E2/E3 3

E3 7

2

1

Totals

Kylix

CLOSED SHAPES

Table 2. Continued.

1

2

2

1 1

1

most of the kylikes from the Upper Deposit are either UP, monochrome, or banded at the rim and base, i.e., the standard treatment for kylikes here, three of them are decorated with whorl-shells: 727, 729, 736. While 727 and 736 might be actual antiques, 729 and 963, from the floor of E2, may be regarded as ‘archaizing’ vases (discussed further in Chapter 5.3). Outside of these, the only other kylix from the building decorated with a whorl-shell is 46, from Storeroom 1.

5

1

1

1

3

1

3

1

1

2 2

4 1

1

2

1

2

1

1 2

1

1 3 1 2

2 2

3 4 5

the corridor. This is the only vase from the Koukounaries Hill decorated with a human figure: a male who appears to be playing a lyre (Koehl 2018a: 438-439. For further discussion, see Chapter 4.5). Mention should also be made of the three vases from the East-West Corridor that have provisionally been identified as imports, based solely on autopsy. Fragments from a medium sized, squat stirrup jar, 875, were found widely scattered in the Upper and Lower Deposit levels of squares D2 and E2. Like the cup with wavy lines, 971, and the kylikes with whorl-shells, 727 and 736, this may also be an antique, judging from its painted decoration (also, Chapter 5.3). Furthermore, two deep bowls, 983 and 991, from the Lower Deposit of the baulk between C2 and D2, are similar to one another in ware, profile, and decorative style or syntax, but differ from the rest of the ceramics in the Koukounaries assemblage, though they are probably contemporary in date of manufacture. These have been provisionally

While it would be difficult to prove, it is worth considering the possibility that differences in the surface treatments of the kylikes observed here reflects differences in the status, age, or gender of their users (Wright 2004: 17-25). For that matter, perhaps social values were attributed to different types of drinking vases: the kylix versus the low-stemmed cup, or semiglobular cup. That the low-stemmed cup was accorded special status may be surmised from 970, found in the Lower Deposit of E3, at the northern edge of 88

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

identified as the products of an itinerant potter (see Chapter 5.3).

Upper Deposit OPEN SHAPES

Based largely on the similarities and differences in the composition of the destruction debris from the strata of the East-West Corridor, as noted above, it has been possible to separate their ceramics into an Upper and a Lower Deposit (see Table 2 for the contexts, strata, and ceramics which comprise these assemblages). Furthermore, the presence of a staircase in C2, approached from the corridor, evinces the existence of a second story whose rooms were surely located in part, over the corridor (Figures 1, 5). It may also be surmised that the burning of the roof beams which spanned the corridor to support the stone slab floors above accounts at least in part for the ashy debris which covered the floors of the corridor (Figure 4). Thus, the Upper Deposit would represent the ceramics in use on the upper floor at the time of the building’s destruction, whereas the ceramic assemblages from the Lower Deposit represent the contents of the corridor, itself.

Conical kylix (FS 274) 725 (K1822/P1428). Conical Kylix. Joining and nonjoining fragments of rim, body, one lower handle attachment. H. 5.8; est. rim d. 18.0. FB, M (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N5/, gray). Paint fired very dark gray to red (7.5YR N3/-2.5YR 4/8). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: B2 3, B2 4, B2 7. Comments: For a monochrome kylix with a similar profile from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 181, no. 177, fig. 5.15.177; Mountjoy 1999a: 918, no. 149, fig. 373.149, dated to LH IIIC Early (= Mountjoy 2007b: 349, fig. 8.25.451) 726 (K1879/P1486). Conical kylix. Fragment of approximately one third of rim, to mid-body, with one handle. H. 7.8; est. d. rim 16.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: C2 4.

Since corridors function primarily as conduits, directing internal patterns of movement, it is not surprising that they would contain fewer ceramics than habitation or storage spaces. By contrast, the ceramic assemblage of the Upper Deposit seems to suggest clearly that drinking and dining occurred on this floor, as attested by the kraters, kylikes, low-stemmed cups, semiglobular cups, deep bowls, and the unique grill stand, 961, in addition to the evidence suggested by the large number of animal bones and limpet shells recorded in the excavation diaries (see also Chapter 4.5). The main dining hall itself might have been located over Storeroom 1 (C1/ D1). A window in its south wall would have given a commanding view over the Bay of Naoussa. Indeed, a window has provisionally been restored above the recess in the wall south of B1 (Koehl 2018a: 430).

Rounded conical (FS 258/274) 727 (K1866/P1473). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.3; est. rim d. 15.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; vertical dotted whorlshell (FM 23.8). Context: C2 4. Comments: This is possibly an antique, as the closest parallels for the profile and decoration are dated to LH IIIB:1; see e.g., a kylix from Prosymna (Blegen.1937: 433, no. 1068, fig. 235.1068; Mountjoy 1999a: 141.266, fig. 35.266). Like the kylix from Prosymna, the IN is UP and the body of the whorl-shells are filled with a dot row. However, the presence of mica in the clay suggests it was made locally, though evidence for LH IIIB:1 occupation is lacking on Paros. Hence, 727 might be an ‘archaizing’ vase. For discussions of the whorlshell motif and ‘archaizing’ elements in this ceramic assemblage, see Chapters 4.3 and 5.3.

In the following catalog, the pottery from the Upper Deposit and the Lower Deposit is presented separately. The Upper Deposit runs from catalog numbers 725-961; the Lower Deposit runs from catalog numbers 962-1076. The few vases that contained fragments from both the Upper and Lower Deposit, e.g., 875, are cataloged with the Upper Deposit, on the assumption that a vase is more likely to have fallen from the upper floor to the ground floor, rather than the reverse.

Angular kylix (FS 267/274) 728 (K1422/P1012). Angular kylix. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.3; w. 7.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D2 5. Comments: For more of the profile, see 21.

89

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: D2* 8, D2 5. Comments: For the whorl-shell on kylikes in this assemblage, see 727 and 729. The absence of mica here does not preclude local manufacture.

Kylix, type indeterminate 729 (K1842/P1449). Kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.5; w. 5.6. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; vertical dotted whorl-shell (FM 23.9). Context: C2 5. Comments: The dotted outline and angular shape of the whorl-shell, as well as the monochrome IN of the kylix, and its micaceous clay, suggest this was a locally made, ‘archaizing’ vase. For discussions of the whorlshell motif and ‘archaizing’ elements in this ceramic assemblage, see Chapters 4.3 and 5.3.

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) 737 (K1406/P996). Low-stemmed cup? Fragment of rim and body with lower half of handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 10.4; est. rim d. 18.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 4/8-5YR 3/2); very dark gray paint on handle (7.5YR N3/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paint on handle. Context: D2* 8. Comment: This fragment might be from a kylix. Hence, the second handle is restored in the drawing.

730 (K1383/P973). Kylix. Fragment of stem and base. H. 4.0; base d. 9.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Monochrome. Context: D2* 8.

738 (K1357/P947). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 6.7; est. rim d. 14.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark gray to gray (2.5Y N4/-N5/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim. Context: E2/E3 2.

731 (K1398/P988). Kylix. Fragment of stem with most of base. H. 4.6; base d. 7.0. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired red to very dusky red (2.5YR 4/8-2.5/2). Band on base. Context: D2* 8.

739 (K1397/P987). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of lower body with stem and half of base. H. 7.0; base d. 7.7. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D2* 8.

732 (K1343/P933). Kylix. Fragment of stem with entire base. H. 3.6; base d. 8.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). Band on base. Context: D2* 8.

740 (K1351/P941). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of lower body with stem and most of base H. 6.7; base d. 5.8. TB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Paint fired strong brown to yellowish red (7.5YR 4/6-5YR 4/6). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D2 6.

733 (K1825/P1431). Kylix. Fragment of lower body with entire stem and base. H. 10.3; base d. 7.4. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). UP. Context: B2 5. 734 (K1334/P924). Kylix. Fragment of lower body and stem. H.6.1; w. 6.8. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Black slip (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E2/E3 2.

741 (K1342/P932). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of stem with complete base. H. 2.5; base d. 6.4. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 4/8-5YR 3/3). Solid paint on base, up to stem. Context: E2 3.

735 (K1906/P1513). Kylix. Fragment of stem and top of base. H. 6.9; max. d. 2.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/8). Monochrome. Context: B2 4.

742 (K1627/P1217). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of lower body with stem and most of base. H. 7.5; base d. 5.75. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D2 7.

736 (K1458/P1048). Kylix. Two non-joining body sherds, one with part of one lower handle attachment (shown in drawing). H. 6.1; w. 5.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Vertical whorl-shells (FM 23); paint on handle attachment. 90

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder; two bands below level of lower handle attachment; wide loop on body, around handle; two bands on handle. Context: D2 5.

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215) 743 (K1848/P1455). Deep semiglobular cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.4; w. 5.6; est. rim d. 9.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim; band; two uneven narrow bands at mid-body. EX: line on rim; uneven band below rim; edge of band on body. Context: C2 3. Comments: For a parallel, but without a context, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 219.2, dated to LH IIIC Middle. For an intact specimen from Mycenae with similar profile and painted decoration, see Sakellariou 1985: 133, no. 2258, pl. 59.2258 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 186, no. 430, fig. 56.430, dated to LH IIIC Late). For a specimen from Lefkandi, Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.8.5.

748 (K1426/P1016). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 8.2; w. 8.4. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark brown to strong brown (7.5YR 3/2-5/6). IN: band on rim. EX: line on rim; wavy band (FM 53); band. Context: E2 4. Comments: For wavy band decoration on a deep spouted cup, see 103. 749 (K1549/P1139). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 1.5; w. 3.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: narrow band on rim; narrow reserved band; band. EX: band below rim. Context: D2* 6.

744 (K1572/P1162). Deep semiglobular cup. Fragment of rim with upper handle attachment. FB, M (10YR 8/2, white; core: very pale brown, 10YR 8/4). Light brown slip (7.5YR 6/4). Paint fired red to black (2.5YR 5/6-N2.5/). IN: band below rim. EX: edges of band on rim and below upper handle attachment; paint on handle. Context: D2 8.

750 (K1409/P999). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of spout and body. H. 2.8; l. 7.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark gray to red (5YR 3/1-2.5YR 4/8). IN: thick line along edge of spout, onto EX. Context: D2 5.

745 (K1423/P1013). Deep semiglobular cup. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 5.6; w. 12.0; base d. 4.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to very dark gray (2.5YR 4/8-N3/). IN: monochrome. EX: drips of paint on base. Context: D2 8

751 (K1421/P1011). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of spout, rim, and body. H. 4.0. l. 7.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish brown to very dark gray (5YR 4/4-2.5YR N3/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim and along edge of spout; band under base of spout at junction with body. Context: E2/E3 2.

Carinated cup (FS 240) 746 (K1560/P1150). Carinated cup? Fragment of body with lower part of handle. H. (without handle) 2.9; w. 6.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired yellowish red to red (5YR 5/6-2.5YR 4/6). Band on body, over lower handle attachment; solid paint on handle. Context: D2* 8. Comments: The fragment is identified from the shape of the handle and the slight carination at the lower handle attachment. For possible profiles, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 185.1, dated to LH IIIC Early; fig. 220.1, dated to LH IIIC Middle.

752 (K1455/P1045). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of spout and body. H. 4.6; l. 6.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired dark gray to dark brown (7.5YR N4/-4/4). IN: band along edge of spout. EX: band along edge of spout; band under base of spout at junction with body. Context: D2 7.

Deep spouted cup (FS 249)

753 (K1430/P1020). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 4.8; w. 2.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: band. EX: lower edge of one band; two bands enclose isolated semicircles (FM 43.13). Context: D2 5.

747 (K1401/P991). Deep spouted cup. Joining and nonjoining fragments from rim and body with lower handle attachment. H. (largest fragment) 8.5; w. 11.0. FB (7.5 YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5 YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on 91

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

754 (K1437/P1027). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 5.6; w. 3.9. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Bands enclose zigzag (FM 61.13). Context: D2 5.

Mountjoy 1995a: 209, no. 77, fig. 7.77 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 193.1; Mountjoy 1999a: 560, no. 293, fig. 206.293, dated Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early). 758 (K1386/P976). Deep bowl. Two non-joining fragments; approximately one quarter of rim, body, and entire base; one fragment from rim and upper body. H. 10.8; est. rim d. 16.5; base d. 5.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). IN: three narrow bands on rim; on bottom, circular band, thick line and fine lines. EX: pairs of enclosed zigzags (FM 75.22); bands enclose fine lines, below; band on base. Context: E2 3. Comments: The multiple banded decoration on the rim’s IN is unique in this assemblage. For a shallow angular bowl from Mycenae with similar IN linear decoration, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 233.1 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 174, no. 371, fig. 49.371, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For a deep bowl with similar IN and EX decoration from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 364, fig. 42a (= Mountjoy 1999a: 578, no. 376, fig. 213.376, dated to LH IIIC Early).

755 (K1431/P1021). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of body with lower handle attachment. H.9.4; w. 10.6. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to dark red (5YR 3/2-2.5YR 3/6). IN: two bands. EX: at least four bands on body, from neck down; paint along edges of handle. Context: D2* 8. Comments: The surface is heavily concreted, perhaps the result of the site’s fire destruction. The multiple, even banded decoration on the body is unusual for this shape. Deep bowl (FS 284) 756 (K1890/P1497). Deep bowl. Complete profile restored from joining and non-joining fragments from approximately one third of rim, two-thirds of body, one handle and half of second, most of base. H. 15.5; est. rim d. 24.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; groups of vertical parallel lines (triglyph, FM 75.1); drip of paint across one triglyph; two bands below; band on base; blob on top of handle and on attachments. Context: B2 4, 5. Comments: This is an unusually large deep bowl. Unusual, too, is the inner thickening of its rim. It is also one of the few deep bowls here with a ring base, rather than a raised concave one. For further discussion, see Chapter 4.3.

759 (K1877/P1484). Deep bowl. Two non-joining fragments; approximately one third of rim, with part of the upper body; fragment of body with complete handle. H. 7.5; est. rim d. 16.0 FB (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 10YR 7/2, light gray). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/6). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: monochrome with reserved rectangular area between handle attachments; uneven dot row of paint drippings below upper edge of reserved area. Context: C2 4. Comments: The slip on this bowl was thinly applied and has flaked off in some areas. On the reserved patch between the handles, see 124. 760 (K1412/P1002). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.2; w. 5.6; est. rim d. 17.0. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E2/E3 2, E2/E3 3.

757 (K1389/P979). Deep bowl. Nearly complete profile; joining and non-joining fragments from approximately one third of rim and body, complete base, one complete handle, one fragmentary handle with lower attachments. Est. h. 11.4; est. rim d. 15.7; base d. 5.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 4/62.5/4). IN: monochrome with reserved circle on bottom. EX: band on rim; blob on top handle and on upper surface of attachments. Context: E2/E3 2, D2* 8, D2N 8, D2 3, E2/D2 2, E2/E3 3, E2 3, D2 7. Comments: For bowls with a monochrome IN and reserved circle on the bottom, see Deshayes 1966: 96, no. DV 189, pl. 89.4 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 158, no. 318, fig. 41.318, dated to LH IIIC Early). From Thorikos, see

761 (K1414/P1004). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.9; w. 4.6; est. rim d. 17.0. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/8). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D2 7. 762 (K1433/P1023). Deep bowl. Two non-joining fragments from rim and upper body. H. (largest sherd) 4.8; w. 3.9. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to dark brown (7.5YR N3/-3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: triple outlined 92

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

bivalve shells filled with concentric arcs in the corners and outside, at the tips (FM 25). Context: D2 4, D2 5, D2 7.

1983: 31, no. 215, fig.10.215, pl. 4c (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 192.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 686, no. 201, fig. 263.201, dated to LH IIIC Early). For Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 49, pl. 19.5. For Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: 145, fig. 2.1.14.

763 (K1811/P1417). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.7; est. rim d. 12.6. FB, M, possible marble inclusions (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Light red paint (2.5YR 6/8). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; elaborate sea anemone (FM 27) with dots around outer edge and two solid and one outlined triangle on inner edge. Context: B1/B2 5. Comments: For a parallel from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 15.13.

768 (K1832/P1439). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.3; est. rim d. 16.0. FB (10R 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Light red slip (10R 6/8). Red paint (10R 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim; edge of band. Context: C2 5. Comments: See 767. 769 (K1451/P1041). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.1; w. 4.6; est. rim d. 17.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow band on rim; band. Context: D2N 8.

764 (K1432/P1022). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.6; w. 4.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 3/3-5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: curved band on rim; two rows of isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43); edge of vertical dot row. Context: E2 4. Comments: The curved shape of the band on the rim is likely either from the initial or final brushstroke.

770 (K1362/P952). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.0; w. 9.8; est. rim d. 13.0. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5 YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paint drippings on body. Context: D2 5. Comments: Though the rim band is narrower than standard for the ‘medium band bowl’, it is otherwise similar, with a monochrome IN and plain EX (Mountjoy 1980: 151). For parallels from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 185, no. 254 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 180, fig. 375.180, dated to LH IIIC Early); Mountjoy 1985:185, no. 255, fig. 5.17.255 (= Mountjoy 1986: 152, fig. 193.2, dated to LH IIIC Early); see also Chapters 4.3 and 5.4.

765 (K1845/P1452). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. 5.6; w. 4.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; spiral. Context: C2 4. 766 (K1853/P1460). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with edge of one lower handle attachment. H. 4.1; est. rim d. 18.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; curved line from antithetic spiral with linear filling in loop (cf. FM 50.22); vertical tapering curved line from outline of handle attachment. Context: C2 4. Comments: Perhaps from the same bowl as 801.

771 (K1898/P1505). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.7; w. 5.6; est. rim d. 20.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: thick line on rim; reserved line; monochrome below. EX: band on rim. Context: C2 3. Comments: On the chronological significance of the reserved interior rim line, see Chapter 5.4; on its everted rim profile, see Chapter 4.3. For a parallel from Tiryns, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Podzuweit 2007: 49, pl. 19.12.

767 (K1407/P997). Deep bowl. Fragment of approximately one third of rim, with one handle (second handle restored in drawing), body sherds, and non-joining body sherds. H. 9.4; est. rim d. 16.0. FB, SM (7.5 YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim; band on level of lower handle attachment; band on handle. Context: D2 5. Comments: For a complete specimen from Orchomenos, though with a more bell-shaped profile, see Mountjoy

772 (K1377/P967). Deep bowl. Three-non joining fragments from rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 7.4; est. rim d. 13.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5 YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: dot row on rim. EX: isolated rosettes or anemones: circular band and line enclose small circle in center with four radiating lines and small semicircles in each quadrant on enclosing line (cf. FM 17.11 or 27.49). 93

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: D2*8, E2/E3 2. Comments: For parallels from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 41, pl. 15.7-10, dated to LH IIIC Early; see also 172.

light gray). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim; reserved line; monochrome below. EX: band on rim; curved line on upper edge of handle attachment. Context: D2 7. Comment: For the rim profile and reserved line on the interior, see 771.

773 (K1419/P1009). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.3; w. 2.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Vertical dotted whorl-shell (FM 23). Context: D2 3. Comments: For other deep bowls with whorl-shells here, see 154 and 659. For further discussion of the whorl-shell, see Chapters 4.3, 5.3.

780 (K1429/P1019). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.8; w. 13. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Thick line on rim; zigzag (FM 61.3). Context: D2 7. 781 (K1434/P1024). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.6; w. 4.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Reddish brown paint (2.5YR 4/4). IN: dot band on rim, onto EX. EX: zigzag (FM 61.4). Context: D2 7. Comments: This bowl is unusual as the dotted rim is typically found on deep bowls with rosette decoration; e.g., 772; also 172.

774 (K1417/P1007). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.1; w. 4.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Band on rim; isolated bivalve shell (FM 25.3). Context: D2 5. 775 (K1435/P1025). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.9; w. 5.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; isolated bivalve with triple outlines, filled with concentric semicircles (cf. FM 25.24); drip of paint; band. Context: D2 5.

782 (K1829/P1436). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.0; est. rim d. 14.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown on IN (5YR 3/3); red on EX (2.5YR 5/8). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: line on rim; tri-curved arches (FM 62), composed of two parallel lines enclosing horizontal dashes, flank a paneled triglyph with parallel wavy lines (FM 75.18). Context: C2 5. Comments: For a krater with a similar tri-curved arch between triglyphs from Scimatari, Boeotia, see Mountjoy 1983: 66, 68, no. 68, fig, 25.68, pl. 16d (= Mountjoy 1999a: 698, no. 215, fig. 265.215, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

776 (K1415/P1005). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.1; w. 5.6. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; running spiral (FM 46.55); edge of band. Context: D2 5. B. 777 (K1427/P1017). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.0; w. 2.9. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; spiral with solid center. Context: D2 5. Comments: Perhaps from a running spiral, FM 46.57; cf. 501.

783 (K1358/P948). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 8.3; est. rim d. 16.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: narrow band on rim; paneled zigzags (FM 75.22); band on level of lower handle attachments; blob on top of handle; loop around base of attachments. Context: D2 5.

778 (K1548/P1138). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.0; w. 3.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). IN: thick line on rim; band. EX: narrow band on rim; spiral. Context: D2 7.

784 (K1416/P1006). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.7; w. 2.8. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/4). Thick line on rim; paneled ladder in triglyph (FM 75.36). Context: D2 5.

779 (K1579/P1169). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with edge of one lower handle attachment. H. 4.0; w. 7.8; est. rim d. 15.0. FB, SM (10YR 7/2, 94

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

785 (K1874/P1481). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 8.1; est. rim d. 16.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Thick line on rim; paneled ladder pattern in triglyph (FM 75.36); edge of three lines above handle attachment; band on level of lower handle attachments; loop around handle attachments; long blob on handle upper surface. Context: C2 4.

791 (K1489/P1079). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.3; w. 4.3. TB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D2* 8. Comments: This is one of the rare occurrences of an UP deep bowl in this assemblage. For fragmentary examples from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 192, nos. 362, 363, fig. 5.20.362, 363. 792 (K1359/P949). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 4.3; w. 10.9; base d. 4.0. FB (very pale brown, 10YR 7/3). Dark gray paint (2.5Y N4/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D2 *8.

786 (K1871/P1478). Deep Bowl. Two non-joining fragments from rim and body. H. (based on largest fragment) 7.5; est. rim d. 16.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Paint fired dark brown to red (7.5YR 3/2-2.5YR 5/6). IN: band below rim; two bands below. EX: uneven line on rim; band; edge of line on one sherd, perhaps from handle attachment (not shown in drawing); band. Context: C2 3.

793 (K1361/P951). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 2.1; w. 8.3; base d. 7.4. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: circular band on bottom surrounds spiral with solid center. EX: band on base. Context: D2* 8.

787 (K1899/P1506). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.3; w. 4.6. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish yellow on IN (5YR 6/6), dark reddish brown on EX (5YR 3/2). IN: thick line below rim; two bands at mid-body. EX: band below rim; band on lower body. Context: C2 4.

794 (K1380/P970). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 2.0; w. 7.6; base d. 7.2. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: circular band on bottom surrounds spiral with solid center. EX: band on base. Context: D2 6.

788 (K1559/P1149). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body with upper handle attachment. H. 2.7; w. 3.2. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Dot row on rim; paint on handle. Context: D2 5. Comment: On the dotted rim, see 172, 772.

795 (K1843/P1450). Deep bowl. Base sherd. H. 2.2; base d. 5.7. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). IN: spiral on bottom. EX: band. Context: C2 5.

789 (K1378/P968). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle. H. 6.3. w. 6.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: band on rim. EX: dot row on rim; band on level of lower handle attachments; band on handle. Context: D2 5. Comments: On the dotted rim, see 172, 772.

796 (K1356/P946). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 2.9; w. 9.4; base d. 7.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red on EX (2.5YR 5/6), reddish brown to yellowish red on IN (5YR 4/3-5/6). IN: two uneven concentric bands on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D2* 8.

790 (K1578/P1168). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H 3.9; w. 2.7. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/2, light gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: band on rim. EX: dot row on rim. Context: D2 *8. Comments: On the dotted rim, see 172, 772.

797 (K1379/P969). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 2.4; w. 8.3; base d. 6.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: circular band on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D2 6. 95

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

798 (K1585/P1175). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.7; w. 6.1; est. base d. 5.1. FB, SM (10YR 8/1, white; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/1). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: circular band on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D2 5.

monochrome. EX: circle with blob of paint on IN; two lines pendant from lower edge. Context: D2 7. Comments: The motif is UID. 806 (K1413/P1003). Deep bowl. Upper body sherd. H. 4.8; w. 4.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). IN: band on upper edge of sherd. EX: band; running spiral (FM 46.58). Context: D2 5.

799 (K1558/P1148). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H.3.2; w. 4.4; est. base d. 8.7. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: edge of band on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: E2/E3 2.

807 (K1868/P1475). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H.3.6; w. 3.4. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Parallel chevrons in triglyph (FM 75.20). Context: C2 4.

800 (K1370/P960). Deep bowl. Fragment of body with one handle. H. 5.3; w. 9.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D2 5.

808 (K1902/P1509). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 5.4; w. 9.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark gray paint (7.5YR N4/). IN: two close set narrow bands. EX: narrow band. Context: B2 4.

801 (K1835/P1442). Deep bowl. Two non-joining upper body sherds (largest sherd drawn). H. (largest sherd): 5.8; w. 7.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band; antithetic spiral with group of parallel lines in loop and in space between loop and spiral (FM 50). Context: C2 5. Comments: Perhaps from the same bowl as 766.

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) 809 (K1812/P1418). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim, body, one handle attachment. H. 6.1; w. 6.2. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow band below rim; curved line on upper part of handle attachment. Context: B2 3. Comments: See 230.

802 (K1424/P1014). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 6.2; w. 5.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark gray to yellowish red (10YR 3/1-5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: wavy band (FM 53); band. Context: E2/E3 2

810 (K1900/P1507). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.5; w. 4.9; est. rim d. 15.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/6). IN: narrow band on rim; two narrow bands. EX: narrow band on rim; band. Context: C2 4. Comments: For an example with similar decoration from Aplomata, Naxos, see Kardara 1977: 37, no. 915, pl. 45.γ-δ (= Mountjoy 1999a: 959, no. 61, fig. 391.61; Vlachopoulos 2006: fig. 29.915). From Kamini, Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 384, no. 1848, fig. 29.1848, pl. 38.1848 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 959, no. 63, fig. 391.63). Mountjoy (1999: 959) dates them all to LH IIIC Advanced.

803 (K1862/P1469). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.0; w. 3.6. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled triglyph with parallel chevrons (FM 75.20); band. Context: C2 5. 804 (K1418/P1008). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.7; w. 3.3. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled diaper net between triglyphs (FM 75.23). Context: D2 5.

811 (K1546/P1136). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 1.7; w. 2.2. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D2* 7.

805 (K1438/P1028). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.2; w. 2.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/6-5YR 2.5/2). IN: 96

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

below rim. EX: tapered blobs on upper surface of rim; band on rim; band under rim; band or monochrome. Context: C2 4.

Stemmed bowl (FS 305) 812 (K1339/P929). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of stem and base. H. 3.0; base d. 11.5. FB (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Band on base of stem; band on edge of base. Context: D2 8. Comments: For a complete profile, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 198.1, dated to LH IIIC Early. For a similarly painted example from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 43, pl. 18.9.

Kalathos (FS 291) 818 (K1610/P1200). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.5; est. rim d. 22.0. FB, M (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: band below rim. EX: blobs on upper surface of rim; band under rim; edge of band on body. Context: D2 7. Comments: See 261.

Stemmed krater (FS 9) 813 (K1612/P1202). Stemmed krater. Fragment of rim with one handle attachment. H. 3.9; w. 7.3. FB, M (5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band on upper surface of rim; perhaps bands below; paint from handle attachment. Context: D2 6.

819 (K1566/P1156). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.9; est. rim d. 23.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Parallel horizontal wavy lines and parallel vertical lines on upper surface of rim. Context: D2 5. Comments: The decoration on the upper surface of the rim is unusual for this shape, which normally has blobs; cf. 818 and 820. The vase is otherwise UP.

814 (K1444/P1034). Stemmed krater? Fragment from lower body and base. H. 3.1; w. 8.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (2.5YR N3/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: D2 5. Comments: The identification as a stemmed krater is not certain. Its monochrome IN would be unusual for the shape and unique here.

820 (K1608/P1198). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.2; w. 2.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Reddish yellow paint (7.5YR 6/8). Blobs on upper surface of rim. Context: D2N 5.

815 (K1889/P1496). Stemmed krater. Large fragment from mid to lower body; one non-joining sherd, perhaps from handle attachment. H. 20.2; est. max. d. 36.0; FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Curved band, probably from handle attachment; three bands on mid body; one band above lower body; solid paint on lower body. Context: C2 4, C2 6, C2 7.

821 (K1562/P1152). Kalathos. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 5.45; w. 3.5. FB, SM (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/2, white). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Edge of band on body; band on base. Context: D2N 7.

Ring-based krater (FS 282)

Spouted basin (FS 302)

816 (K1355/P945). Ring-based krater. Non-joining fragments of rim and body. H. 16.2; est. rim d. 29.5. FB, SM (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5YR 7/1, light gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Paint fired black to red (5YR 2.5/1-2.5YR 4/8). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band under rim; wide zone with stemmed spirals (FM 51) and triglyphs (FM 75.15); two bands below. Context: E2 2.

822 (K1381/P971). Spouted basin? Fragment of rim and body with one handle. H. 6.4; est. rim d. 32.0. TB, M (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: band on upper surface of rim, onto outer edge; band on upper surface of handle. Context: D2 7. Comments: Although missing its spout, its profile is like others with a spout; cf. 267, 688.

817 (K1851/P1458). Ring-based krater. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.6; w. 9.1; est. rim d. 30.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: band 97

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

d. (with handles) 27.7; base d. 9.1. FB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Solid neck; on shoulder, two bands enclose group of lines; on belly, below level of lower handle attachments, two bands enclose group of lines; uneven band on base; uneven band on handles. Context: C2 4, C2 5, C2 6. Comments: For similar band and fine line decoration on an amphoriskos from Rhodes, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1036, no. 159, fig 424.159, dated to LH IIIC Early-Developed. For an example from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 74, no. 565, pl. 21β.565.

Basin, type indeterminate 823 (K1375/P965). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 11.1; w. 10.1. TB, SM (2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 2.5Y N5/, gray). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim. Context: E2/E3 2. 824 (K1896/P1503). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.5; w. 2.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 8/2, white). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Brown paint (7.5YR 5/4). Band on upper surface of rim; wavy band (FM 53) on body. Context: B2 3. Comments: See 548, for wavy band decoration on basins. Also, see Chapter 4.3.

830 (K1465/P1055). Amphoriskos. Body sherd with one pierced vertical lug handle. H.6.8; w. 5.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Two uneven, narrow bands; on handle zone, running spiral with solid center (cf. FS 46.57); band; loop around base of handle; blob on handle. Context: D2 5.

825 (K1535/P1125). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.1; w. 9.0. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N7/, light gray). UP. Context: D2 4. 826 (K1485/P1075). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.0; w. 7.2; est. rim d. 21.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Hole drilled through vase, below rim. UP. Context: D2* 8. Comments: The function of the hole drilled through the vase remains unexplained. Although clearly intentional, rather than accidental, it appears to have been drilled after the vase was fired, to judge from the surface damage surrounding the hole.

831 (K1819/P1425). Amphoriskos. Fragment from base of neck and shoulder. H. 7.4; w. 6.9. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Band on base of neck and band on shoulder enclose line group; zone with concentric arcs and an UID pattern; band. Context: B2 3.

827 (K1394/P984). Basin? Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.2; w. 3.6. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). UP. Context: E2 3. Comments: The incurving profile is unusual and thus, it’s identification as a basin is provisional.

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) 832 (K1591/P1181). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment from rim to shoulder with edge of one upper handle attachment. H. 4.1; w. 9.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark brown paint (10YR 2/2). Narrow band on rim, uneven band on base of neck and one on shoulder, at level of handle attachment. Context: D2 5.

CLOSED SHAPES Amphoriskos (FS 59) 828 (K1844/P1451). Amphoriskos. Fragment from rim and shoulder. H. 3.1; w. 2.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Band on rim; irregular row of dots; curved, narrow band; thick line with dot below. Context: C2 5. Comments: A second row of dots, enclosed by thick lines, can probably be restored as the shoulder decoration.

833 (K1563/P1153). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.3; w. 5.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to strong brown (7.5YR N3/-5/6). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band on neck. Context: E2/E3 2.

829 (K1891/P1498). Amphoriskos. Approximately two thirds preserved from neck to lower body, with two handles; non-joining fragment from half of base; missing all of rim and most of lower body. Rest. h. 20.2; max. d. (without handles) 20.7; max.

834 (K1602/P1192). Large collar-necked jar. Missing rim and neck, fragments of body; most of body below neck, two thirds of base, and one lower handle attachment preserved (second attachment 98

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

restored in drawing). H. 32.0; max. d. 32.5; base d. 10.0. TB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired black to red (5YR 2.5/1-10R 5/8). Two narrow bands on base of neck; two bands on shoulder above level of upper handle attachment; wavy band (FM 53.20) on handle zone; two bands on belly at level of lower handle attachment; two bands on lower body; band above base; band on base; band around handle attachment; band on handle. Context: D2* 8, E2/E3 2. Comments: For a large collar-necked jar with a deep wavy band from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 191, no. 491, pl. 56α.491.

three bands on belly, at handle zone; loop around handle attachment; band along handle. Context: D2* 8, D2 7, D2 8, D2N 5, D2N 7, E2/E3 2, E2/E3 3, E2 5, E2 6. 839 (K1886/P1493). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd with one lower handle attachment. H. 21.5; w. 20.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). Three bands; drip of paint on handle attachment. Context: C2 4, C2 6. Small collar necked jar (FS 64) 840 (K1604/P1194). Small collar-necked jar. Body sherd with one lower handle attachment. H. 13.9; w. 13.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). Band above and below handle zone; band on handle. Context: D2* 7. Comments: For a complete example from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 338, no. 304, pl. 103δ.304.

835 (K1618/P1208). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments from body, fragment from base (not in photograph). Est. H. 39.1; est. base d. 10.0. TB, M (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR N5/, gray). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Dark red paint (10R 3/6). Band on base of neck; on shoulder, crossed rosettes (FM 17.28); two bands below with deep loops on opposite sides of jar pendant from top band. Context: D2* 8, D2 6, D2 7, D2* 3, D2* 9, D2N 8, E2/E3 2. Comments: For a more elaborate version of rosette ‘wheels’ on the shoulder of a large LH IIIC Early jug from Mycenae, see French 2011: CD 351, no. 69-645.

Belly-handled amphora (FS 58) 841 (K1592/P1182). Belly-handled amphora. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.3; w. 4.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/4). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: band on upper surface of rim; solid neck. Context: D2N 7. Comments: The fragment is identified from its rim profile and painted decoration; cf. Mountjoy 1986: fig. 202.1, dated to LH IIIC Middle.

836 (K1349/P939). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd, probably from shoulder; one perforation. H. 7.1; w. 11.5. FB (7.5 YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Two bands; row of isolated bivalve shells (FM 25.13). Context: D2* 8. Comments: For a finer version of this motif on a large collar-necked jar, see 1011.

Rim-handed amphora (FS 69)

837 (K1885/P1492). Large collar-necked jar. Two nonjoining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 6.8; w. 5.5. TB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Vertical bivalve chain in paneled pattern (cf. FM 75.26); solid lozenge outlined with dots along outline (cf. FM 73aa); band. Context: C2 3, C2 6.

842 (K1570/P1160). Rim-handled amphora. Fragment of neck, shoulder and body with lower half of one handle. H. 19.5; w. 19.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (7.5YR N8/). UP. Context: E2/E3 3, E2 4. 843 (K1600/P1190). Rim-handled amphora. Body sherd with lower handle attachment. H. 24.9; w. 20.2; restored max. d. 31.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint fired very dark gray, reddish yellow, red (2.5YR 3/1, 7.5YR 6/6, 10R 5/8). Band on level of lower handle attachment; loop pendant from band on lower handle attachment; band on belly. Context: D2 6, D2 6. Comments: For similar decoration on an amphora from

838 (K1617/P1207). Large collar-necked jar. Joining and non-joining fragments from neck and body with half of one horizontal handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 16.8; max. est. d. 29.5. FB, SM (2.5YR 5/8, red; core: 2.5YR N4/, dark gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 3/2-5/6). Solid neck or band on base of neck; uneven band; 99

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Mycenae, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 206.1 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 161, no. 330, fig. 43.330, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Isolated semicircles (FM 43); band. Context: C2 4. Comments: For isolated semicircles on straight-sided alabastra, see 341.

Rounded alabastron (FS 86) 844 (K1474/P1064). Rounded alabastron. Fragment from rim to shoulder. H. 3.2; est. rim d. 4.0. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: band on rim and neck. EX: solid rim and neck; two narrow bands; foliate band (FM 64.20) on shoulder; narrow band. Context: D2 6. Comments: For an amphoriskos from Perati with a slightly higher neck, but similar painted decoration, see Iakovidis 1969: 48, no. 1199, pl. 13β.1199 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 584, no. 404, fig. 215.404, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

850 (K1840/P1447). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder and side. H.4.5; w. 4.1. FB, SM (5YR 7/3, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Two narrow bands enclose zone of parallel chevrons (FM 58.33); isolated concentric semicircles (cf. FM 43.27); band. Context: C2 5. Comments: For isolated semicircles on straight-sided alabastra, see 341.

845 (K1849/P1456). Rounded alabastron. Fragment from lower edge of neck to mid-body. H. 4.3; w. 4.6. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Edge of one band, second band; group of lines; two bands enclose single line. Context: C2 5.

851 (K1387/P977). Straight-sided alabastron. Shoulder fragment. H. 2.6; w. 3.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to reddish yellow (5YR 3/2-7.5YR 7/6). Band; isolated semicircles (FM 43); band. Context: D2* 8. Comments: For isolated semicircles on straight-sided alabastra, see 341.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96) 846 (K1463/P1053). Straight-sided alabastron. Joining and non-joining fragments from shoulder to base with one handle. H. 3.9; est. base d. 7.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired black to dark reddish brown (10YR 2/14/4). Monochrome with reserved base. Context: D2 5. Comments: See 344.

852 (K1613/P1203). Straight-sided alabastron. Body sherd with one horizontal handle attachment. H. 3.9; w. 6.8. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5 YR 3/2). Monochrome. Context: E2 3. Comments: Very worn surface. 853 (K1856/P1463). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder and body. H. 5.2; w. 3.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Band; group of fine lines; band. Context: C2 4, C2 5, C2 6.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) 847 (K1509/P1099). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.7; rim d. 7.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). Monochrome. Context: D2* 8. Comments: See 344.

Straight-sided alabastron, raised base (FS 97) 854 (K1512/P1102). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 5.4; w. 6.6; est. base d. 9.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Two bands on body; band on base. Context: E2/E3 2. Comments: This is a rare example of a straight-sided alabastron with a raised base. For examples from Kos, Langada, see Morricone 1967: 171, no. 3, fig.175.128; 266, no. 1, fig. 297.254 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1102, no. 77, fig. 450.77, dated to LH IIIC Early). See also 1026.

848 (K1481/P1071). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder to base. H. 6.1; w. 4.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Dots on shoulder; band on corner of shoulder and body; band on base. Context: D2 * 8. 849 (K1857/P1464). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder and side. H. 3.5; w. 2.6. 100

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Band on rim; curved band on neck. Context: D2 7.

Large jug (FS 106) 855 (K1382/P972). Large jug. Half of rim and neck, one handle, fragment of shoulder. H. 9.9; rim d. 10.0. TB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5 YR 4/6). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on base of neck; band along edges of handle; loop around base of handle. Context: D2* 8. Comments: For a specimen from Mycenae with a complete profile and similar painting, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 175.1, dated to LH IIIC Early (= Mountjoy 1999a: 155, no. 307, fig. 40.307).

862 (K1616/P1206). Medium jug. Body sherd, probably from neck. H. 1.9; w. 7.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Isolated concentric circles or semicircles with dot centers (FM 43). Context: E2 3. 863 (K1847/P1454). Medium jug? Body sherd, probably from shoulder. H. 3.3; w. 5.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Spiral; lozenge with dots along inner edge. Context: C2 4.

Medium jug (FS 110) 856 (K1836/P1443). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and upper part of handle. H. 2.7; w. 5.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Band on rim; band along edges of handle. Context:C2 5.

864 (K1392/P982). Medium jug. Sherd from neck and shoulder. H. 5.5; w. 4.1. TB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark gray to red (5YR 3/1-2.5YR 4/6). Three bands. Context: D2* 8.

857 (K1878/P1485). Medium Jug. Handle with fragment of rim. H. 7.2; w. 4.2. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (10R 4/6). Wide band along handle with reserved triangle near junction with rim. Context: C2 5.

865 (K1365/P955). Medium jug. Sherd from base of neck and shoulder. H. 9.5; w. 14.1. FB (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 2.5/2-2.5YR 4/8). Narrow band on base of neck; two narrow bands on shoulder. Context: D2 7.

858 (K1609/P1199). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and upper part of handle. H. 1.5; w. 4.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/1). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band on handle, tapering at junction with rim. Context: E2/E3 2.

Small jug (FS 115) 866 (K1882/P1489). Small jug. Entire rim, neck, handle, fragment of shoulder. H. 6.7; rim d. 7.1. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: line on rim. EX: band on rim; uneven band on base of neck; band shoulder; band covers handle. Context: C2 5.

859 (K1595/P1185). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and upper part of handle. H. 2.3; w. 7.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: band on rim; band along edges of handle. Context: D2 7.

867 (K1541/P1131). Small jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.7; w. 4.2; est. rim d. 7.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D2 5.

860 (K1393/P983). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.6; w. 7.6; est. rim d. 8.0. TB (10YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, reddish yellow). Pink slip (10YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: E2/E3 2.

868 (K1333/P923). Small jug? Body sherd. H. 3.7; w. est. max. d. 8.0. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/8). Two bands on belly; band on lower body. Context: E2/E3 2, D2* 8

861 (K1593/P1183). Medium jug? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.6; est. rim d. 11.0. FB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale 101

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

lower handle attachment; loop around horizontal handle attachments; long blob on upper handle surface. Context: C2 4, C2 5. Comments: For a possible parallel from Asine, see Mountjoy 1999a: 164, no. 337, fig. 44.337, dated to LH IIIC Middle.

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) 869 (1390/P980). Neck-handled jug. Profile preserved from rim to lower body; missing most of rim, neck, body, all of base. H. 25.4; est. rim d. 7.8. FB, SM (10YR 6/6, brownish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). Paint fired black to dark yellowish brown (10YR 2/1-4/4). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck; three bands on shoulder; band on lower body; wavy band along handle; loop on base of handle. Context: D2* 8, E2/E3 3. Comments: For the same system of decoration on a rimhandled jug from Lefkandi, Phase 1a, see Popham et al. 2006:139, fig. 2.2.6.

874 (K1575/P1165). Hydria? Body sherd with one horizontal handle. H. 10.3; w. 13.8. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Three bands starting at level of handle attachments; loops on handle attachments; tapered blobs on handle. Context: E2 3. Comments: If not from a hydria, this fragment could come from a collar-necked jar.

870 (K1884/P1491)). Neck-handled jug. Fragment from rim, with most of neck, fragment of shoulder; upper handle attachment. TB, marble inclusions. H. 9.3; est. rim d. 9.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck; two stemmed spirals flank vertical parallel chevrons on shoulder (cf. FM 51.26). Context: C2 4, C2 5, C2 6. Comments: For antithetic spirals on a neck-handled jug from Mycenae, see French 2011: CD 557-558, no. 60-319 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 163, no. 336, fig. 43.336, identified as a lekythos; dated to LH IIIC Middle).

Medium stirrup jar, squat (FS 181) 875 (K1341/P931). Medium stirrup jar. Joining and non-joining fragments from two thirds of shoulder and upper body; one lower handle attachment; part of perforation for spout. H. 2.7; max. est. d. 15.5. FB (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5Y 7/2, light gray). Yellow slip (10YR 8/6). Paint fired red to black (2.5YR 4/6- N2.5/). On shoulder, unvoluted flowers (FM 18C.103); two bands enclose group of fine lines; on upper body, narrow zone of parallel chevrons (FM 58.33); line; band; two lines. Context: D2* 7, D2* 8, D2 6, D2 7, D2 8, D2 9, E2 3, E2/E3 2. Comments: Based solely on autopsy, the ware looks different from the standard FB ware and is likely to be an import. Furthermore, the closest parallel in both shape and decoration, combining a shoulder zone of unvoluted flowers and a narrow upper body zone of parallel chevrons, is a stirrup jar from the Deiras cemetery, near Argos, dated to LH IIIB:1; see Deshayes 1966: 144, 88, no. DV127, pl. 84.7-8 b. This vase may therefore have been an antique. For further discussion, see Chapter 5.3.

871 (K1594/P1184). Neck-handled jug? Fragment of rim and neck with upper handle attachment. H. 4.4; est. rim d. 5.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; blob above handle attachment. Context: D2 7. Small lekythos (FS 122) 872 (K1514/P1104). Small lekythos. Fragment of lower body with entire base and non-joining fragments. H. 3.0; base d. 5.7. FB, SM (10YR 5/1, gray). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Monochrome. Context: D2* 7. Comments: The fragment shows extensive traces of secondary burning.

Medium stirrup jar, type indeterminate 876 (K903/P1510). Medium stirrup jar. Joining and non-joining body sherds (largest sherd drawn). H. (largest sherd) 5.3; w. 6.5. FB, SM (10YR 6/4, light yellowish red; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Light yellowish red slip (10YR 6/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Two bands enclose group of lines. Context: C2 4, C2 5, C2 6.

Hydria (FS 128) 873 (K1888/P1495). Hydria. Non-joining vertical handle with rim fragment and horizontal handle with body sherd. H. (vertical handle) 14.5; w. (of body sherd) 13.4. WW, marble inclusions (2.5Y 8/2; white; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). Band on rim; wavy band along vertical handle; loop around

Small stirrup jar, type indeterminate 877 (K1372/P962). Small stirrup jar. Top of stirrup jar; missing fragment of one handle (second handle 102

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

restored in drawing), rim of spout. H. (to top of disc) 4.5; disc d. 3.1. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Uneven, concentric thick lines on disc top; isolated concentric arcs on shoulder; band; bands along edges of handles, around base of spout, false neck, and lower handle attachment. Context: D2* 8.

Context: D2 5. 883 (K1510/P1100). Small stirrup jar. Body sherd from upper body. H. 5.3; w. 4.4. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to reddish yellow (7.5YR N3/-6/6). Edge of line from UID motif on shoulder; two bands enclose group of fine lines on upper body; enclosed zigzag (FM 61.3 or 4), below. Context: D2 7.

878 (K1460/P1050). Small stirrup jar. Top of stirrup jar with disc, false neck, handles, attachment for spout. H. to top of disc 3.7; disc d. 3.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Reddish yellow paint (5YR 6/8). Band around edge of disc; two concentric thick lines on disc; solid handles with reserved triangles at junction with disc; loop around base of false neck and spout; band on shoulder. Context: E2 2. Comments: Note the absence of any shoulder decoration, which is unusual for a stirrup jar.

884 (K1550/P1140). Small stirrup jar. Body sherd. H. 1.4; w. 4.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Edge of band; enclosed zigzag (FM 61.3). Context: D2 7. 885 (K1858/P1465). Small stirrup jar. Body sherd from shoulder. H.4.6; w. 5.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 10YR 8/2, white). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Row of dots; bands enclose group of lines. Context: C2 4, C2 5, C2 6.

879 (K483/P1073). Small stirrup jar. Fragment with disc and false neck, two handle attachments at disc, fragment of shoulder. H. 3.9; disc d. 2.7. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (10YR 3/3). Band around edge of disc and around base of false neck; unvoluted flower (FM 18C) on shoulder. Context: D2 8, E2/E3 3.

886 (K1482/P1072). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of shoulder with one handle attachment. H. 1.7; w. 8.4. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Two narrow bands enclose two lines. Context: D2* 8.

880 (K1870/P1477). Small stirrup jar. Disc top with part of two handles and false neck. H. 2.2; disc d. 3.2. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired black to reddish yellow (5YR 2.5/1-5YR 7/6). Spiral on top of disc with solid center (FM 52.6); band on handles. Context: C2 2. Comments: Note the low, conical protrusion on the top of the disc, a feature typical of LH IIIC Middle stirrup jars; discussed in Chapters 4.3, 5.4.

887 (K1611/P1201). Small stirrup jar. Body sherd. H. 2.9; w. 2.7. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Group of lines; two bands. Context: D2 5. UID large closed vase

881 (K1580/P1170). Small stirrup jar. Body sherd. H. 5.2; w. 4.6. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Vertical wavy lines (FM 53.33); two bands. Context: D2 7.

888 (K1536/P1126). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 6; w. 8.6; est. rim d. 10.0. TB, SM (5Y 8/1, white; core: 5Y 7/1, light gray). White slip (5Y 8/1). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D2 5.

882 (K1576/P1166). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of shoulder and upper body with one handle attachment. H. 3.6; w. 3.6. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Parallel chevrons (FM 58.22) on shoulder; two bands enclose zigzag (FM 61.3) on upper body; solid handle.

889 (K1486/P1076). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5; w. 6.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 6/4, light brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Light brown slip (7.5YR 6/4). Paint fired dark red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/6-3/4). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D2 8. 103

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

890 (K1505/P1095). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; w. 6.1; est. rim d. 9.2. FB, SM (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D2* 8.

898 (K1875/P1482). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 8.6; w. 12.8. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Vertical unvoluted flowers in triglyph panel (FM 18C.126-128); two bands. Context: C2 4.

891 (K1480/P1070). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.1; w. 7.3; est. rim d. 8.1. TB, SM (7.5YR 6/4, light brown; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Band on rim. Context: D2* 8.

899 (K1367/P957). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 13.2; w. 7.8. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Isolated bivalve shell (FM 25.7); two bands. Context: E2 2.

892 (K1478/P1068). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.6; w. 6.9.; est. rim d. 10.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D2* 8.

900 (K1364/P954). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.3; w. 9.6. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Tips of parallel lines, perhaps from lower edge of isolated concentric semicircle (cf. FM 43h); band; zone of antithetic spiral with row of parallel dashes in loop (cf. FM 43.23, which is also combined with concentric semicircles). Context: D2 6, D2N 8.

893 (K1490/P1080). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.9; w. 3.6 TB, SM (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 2.5Y N6/, gray). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). UP. Context: D2* 8.

901 (K1854/P1461). UID large closed vase. Two nonjoining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 4.2; w. 4.8. TB, SM (10YR 8/6, yellow; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Yellow slip (10YR 8/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Concentric arcs (FM 44.8). Context: C2 3.

894 (K1534/P1124). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and nearly half of base. H. 2.5; w. 13.1; est. base d. 10.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Yellow slip (10YR 8/6). Paint fired black to red (5YR 2.5/1-10R 4/8). Band on base. Context: D2 5.

902 K1366/P956). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.6; w. 9.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Running spiral (FM 46.55); three bands. Context: D2 5.

895 (K1336/P926). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body with more than half of base. H. 8.0; base d. 12.0. FB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Band on base. Context: E2/E3 2.

903 (K1352/P942). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 6.6; w. 5.3. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Two spirals, perhaps isolated spirals (FM 52); below, two lozenges or triangles, filled with parallel chevrons (FM 58); two bands. Context: D2 6, D2* 7.

896 (K1348/P938). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.3; w. 9.4; est. base d. 19.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5Y N7/, light gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Band on base. Context: E2/E3 2.

904 (K1587/P1177). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 8.9; w. 23.4. FB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Three narrow bands. Context: E2 2, E2 5.

897 (K1597/P1187). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and half of base. H. 2.9; base d. 15.3. FB, M (5YR 6/8, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Band on base. Context: D2 6. Comments: There are traces of secondary burning on the IN and underside of the base.

905 (K1583/P1173). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 10.8; w. 15.6. FB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired red to very dark gray (2.5YR 5/6-N3/). Two bands. 104

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Context: E2 2, E2 5, E2 6.

(10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D2* 8.

906 (K1588/P1178). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 10.8; w. 16.2. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Two bands. Context: E2 2, E2 5.

915 (K1517/P1107). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H.3.9; w. 8.4; est. base d. 6.0. TB, M (2.5YR 5/8, red; core: 2.5YR N5/, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 4/6). Narrow band on lower body; band on base. Context: D2* 8.

UID medium closed vase 907 (K1371/P961). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and body with one handle. H. 6.8; w. 4.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 4/6, yellowish red). UP. Context: D2 7.

916 (K1516/P1106). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H.3.1; w. 7.6; est. base d. 10.5. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Band on base. Context: D2* 8.

908 (K1590/P1180). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and handle. H. 1.5; w. 5.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired red to black (2.5YR 5/6-N2.5/). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band along edges of handle. Context: D2* 8.

917 (K1520/P1110). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H.1.8; w. 8.5; est. base d. 8.4. FB, M (5YR 7/3, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 3/2-2.5 YR 4/8). Band on base. Context: D2* 8.

909 (K1506/P1096). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.8; w. 4.3. TB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Yellowish brown paint (10YR 5/6). IN: thick line below rim. EX: UP. Context: D2* 8.

918 (K1470/P1060). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.1; w. 5.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Band on base. Context: D2 6.

910 (K1487/P1077). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.0; w. 4.3. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Strong brown paint (7.5YR 5/6). Narrow band on rim. Context: D2* 8.

919 (K1471/P1061). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.5; w. 7.3; est. base d. 11.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Paint fired red to dark brown (10R 4/8-7.5YR 3/2). Band on base. Context: D2 5.

911 (K1491/P1081). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.2; w. 4.1. FB, SM (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). UP. Context: D2* 8.

920 (K1472/P1062). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.8; w. 8.3; est. base d. 9.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired very dark gray to strong brown (7.5YR N3/-5/6). Band on base. Context: D2 5.

912 (K1503/P1093). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.6; w. 3.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D2* 8.

921 (K1529/P1119). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.1; w. 3.5; est. base d. 8.4. TB, M (10YR 6/4, light yellowish brown; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR 3/1). Band on base. Context: D2 5.

913 (K1508/P1098). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.0; w. 6.0; est. rim d. 11.5. TB, SM (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N6/, gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 6/6). UP. Context: D2* 8.

922 (K1532/P1122). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.8; w. 5.8; est. base d. 8.1. FB, SM (10YR 7/3, very pale brown;

914 (K1502/P1092). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.3; w. 2.7. FB, SM 105

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish gray slip (7.5YR 7/2). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Band on base. Context: D2 5.

931 (K1598/P1188). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.8; w. 5.8. TB, M (5Y 8/2, white). White slip (5Y 8/2). UP. Context: D2* 8. Comments: Traces of secondary burning on IN and EX of sherd.

923 (K1605/P1195). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.0; w. 6.8. TB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4). White slip (10 YR 8/2). Strong brown paint (7.5YR 5/6). Band on lower body onto base. Context: D2 5.

932 (K1335/P925). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 9.8; w. 14.5. TB (5YR 8/4, pink). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Very dark gray paint (2.5YR N3/). Two rows of vertical chevrons (FM 58.22) in panels separated by pairs of lines and one thick line; one vertical bivalve shell row (FM 25.18); one vertical row, perhaps chevrons (FM 58.22); two bands; lines from panel division lines continue below bands. Context: D2 5.

924 (K1518/P1108). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.8; w. 8.5; est. base d. 7.2. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (10R 5/8). Band on base. Context: D2N 8. 925 (K1574/P1164). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.5; w. 5.6; est. base d. 7.5. TB, SM (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Band on body. Context: D2* 8. Comments: The fragment preserves traces of secondary burning on the IN and EX.

933 (K1581/P1171). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.1; w. 7.6. FB, M (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark gray to red (5YR 3/12.5YR 4/6). Two narrow bands enclose paneled ladder pattern (FM 75); two narrow bands. Context: D2N 7. 934 (K1603/P1193). UID medium closed vase. Three non-joining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 9.3; w. 9.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark brown to black (7.5YR 3/2-N2/). Two bands. Context: D2* 7, D2* 9, D2 5, D2 6.

926 (K1425/P1015). UID medium closed vase. Joining and non-joining fragments of lower body and most of base. H. (largest fragment) 12.4; base d. 7.5. TB, SM (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/8). UP. Context: E2/E3 2. Comments: The surface is heavily abraded and possible burned.

935 (K1904/P1511). UID medium closed vase. Two non-joining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 8.0; w. 12.0. TB, marble inclusions (10YR 5/2, grayish brown; core: 2.5YR 4/4, red). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Three narrow bands. Context: B2 4. Comments: The surface is severely damaged either from overfiring in the kiln or a thorough secondary burning.

927 (K1515/P1105). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H.2.2; w. 7.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D2* 8. 928 (K1466/P1056). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.0; base d. 9.1; est. base d. 10.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: D2 7.

UID small closed vase 936 (K1507/P1097). UID small closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.0; w. 4.25. TB, SM (10YR 6/4, light yellowish brown; core: 10YR 7/4, very pale brown). Light yellowish brown slip (10YR 6/4). Paint fired very dark gray to strong brown (10YR 3/1-7.5YR 4/6). IN: narrow band on rim. Context: D2* 8. Comments: The fragment betrays clear evidence for secondary burning on its surface.

929 (K1469/P1059). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.5; w. 7.2; est. base d. 11.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D2 6. 930 (K1526/P1116). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.7; est. base d. 8.5. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). UP. Context: D2* 8.

937 (K1540/P1130). UID small closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.7; w. 4.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip 106

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

(10YR 8/3). Paint fired red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR 4/6-3/4). Narrow band on rim; edge of band on neck. Context: D2 4.

6.9. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2). Band on base. Context: D2* 8.

938 (K1504/P1094). UID small closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 1.7; w. 1.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N7/, light gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D2* 8.

946 (K1447/P1037). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.2; base d. 4.9. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: reddish yellow; 7.5YR 7/6). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D2 6.

939 (K1522/P1112). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.8; est. base d. 3.9. FB, SM (5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome. Context: D2* 8. Comments: The fragment betrays clear evidence for secondary burning on its surface.

947 (K1523/P1113). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.5; w. 4.5; est. base d. 4.8. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: D2* 8. 948 (K1528/P1118). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.3; d. base 3.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D2N 7.

940 (K1405/P995). UID small closed vase. Joining and non-joining fragments of body and base. H. (largest sherd) 9.3; w. 5.0; est. base d. 4.8. FB (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired reddish brown to red (5YR 4/4-2.5YR 4/8). Bands on body; band on base. Context: D2 7, D2* 8, D2N 8, E2/D2 2, E2/E3 2.

949 (K1530/P1120). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.5; w. 3.4; est. base d. 4.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D2 7.

941 (K1521/P1111). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.3; w. 5.0; est. base d. 3.0. FB, SM (2.5Y 8/2, white). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Lines on lower body; band on base. Context: D2* 8.

950 (K1457/P1047). UID small closed vase. Two nonjoining body sherds (largest is drawn). H. (largest sherd) 7.5; w. 5.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired red to reddish yellow (2.5YR 4/8-5YR 6/8). Monochrome. Context: D2 5, D2* 8.

942 (K1533/P1123). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 0.9; w. 3; est. base d. 3.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark gray paint (7.5YR N4/). Narrow band on base. Context: D2 7.

951 (K1442/P1032). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 2.4; w. 2.3. FB (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Red paint (10R 4/6). Band; loop with dotted outline, perhaps a sea anemone (FM 27.19). Context: D2* 8. 952 (K1860/P1467). UID small closed vase. Body sherd, perhaps from neck and shoulder. H.3.3; w. 4.2. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Band; concentric arcs (FM 44) enclosed by edges of curved vertical bands. Context: C2 4.

943 (K1525/P1115). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.8; w. 5.0; est. base d. 5.1. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Band on base. Context: D2* 8. 944 (K1519/P1109). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.2; w. 5.5; est. base d. 4.0. FB, SM (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Band on base. Context: D2* 8.

953 (K1846/P1453). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.7; w. 7.0. FB, SM (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). Three uneven narrow bands; spiral with concentric parallel arcs (FM 44) on outer edge of curve; zigzag (FM 61) between stem of spiral and lower band.

945 (K1524/P1114). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.9. w. 6.9; est. base d. 107

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Context: C2 4.

Grill stand

954 (K1864/P1471). UID small closed vase. Two nonjoining body sherds. H. (upper sherd in drawing) 5.5; w. (lower sherd in drawing) 7.9. FB, SM (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). Very dusky red paint (2.5YR 2.5/2). Spirals with solid centers (FM 46.57?). Context: C2 4.

961 (K1873/P1480). Grill stand. Fragment of lower body and base with one third of circular side opening. H. 7.0; w. 7.0; est. base d. 22.0; est. side opening d. 4.1. TB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR N5/, gray). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). UP. Context: C2 4. Comments: French identified a similar one from Mycenae as a fenestrated stand/chimney pot (French 2011 CD: 481-482, no. 66-503). However, Catling identified ones from the Menelaion as grill stands (Catling 2009: 429-430, fig. 104.ET 195, 198, 199, fig. 218. NC 108).

955 (K1859/P1466). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.1; w. 5.6. FB, SM (5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Cross-hatched lozenge chain (FM 73y). Context: C2 4.

Lower Deposit OPEN SHAPES

956 (K1440/P1030). UID small closed vase. Fragment of neck and shoulder. 3.3; w. 6.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/3, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Narrow band on base of neck; indeterminate linear motif, possibly pictorial, on shoulder. Context: D2 4.

Rounded conical kylix (FS 258/274) 962 (K1830/P1437). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.7; est. rim d. 18.0. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/8, light red). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/8). Reddish brown paint (2.5YR 4/4). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C2 6.

957 (K1403/P993). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 9.0; w. 10.0. FB (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Dark brown paint (10YR 3/3). Curved lines from indeterminate motif on shoulder; two narrow bands; wider band. Context: E2 3, E2 4.

Kylix, type indeterminate 963 (K1428/P1018). Kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.2; w. 2.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to very dusky red (2.5YR 4/82.5/2). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; vertical whorl-shell with cross-hatched body (FM 23). Context: E2 5. Comments: On the whorl-shell in this assemblage, see 727. Notable and unusual here is the cross-hatched IN of the whorl-shell; however, see also 256.

958 (K1443/P1033). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 6.7; w. 11.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired dark reddish brown to reddish yellow (5YR 2.5/26/8). Two bands enclose two lines; group of lines, below. Context: D2* 8.

964 (K1905/P1512). Kylix. Fragment from lower body to top of stem. H. 4.9. FB (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/1, light gray). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: C2 7.

959 (K1462/P1052). UID small closed vase. Three nonjoining sherds. H. (largest sherd) 4.8; w. 6.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). UP. Surface very abraded. Context: D2 7, D2N 8, E2/E3 3.

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267)

Straight-sided lid (FS 334)

965 (K1344/P934). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of approximately one third of rim, upper body. H. 4.3; est. rim d. 10.8. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim. Context: E2/E3 3.

960 (K1452/P1042). Straight-sided lid. Fragment of top and side. H. 5.5; w. 4.1; est. d. 13.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Paint fired yellowish red to very dusky red (5YR 5/6-2.5YR 2.5/2). Band on shoulder; band on base. Context: D2* 8.

966 (K1883/P1490). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of lower body with stem and most of base. H. 8.5; 108

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

base d. 7.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to very dusky red (2.5YR 5/6-2.5/2). IN: monochrome. EX: band on edge of base. Context: C2 6.

below, enclose zone of curved stripes groups (FM 67.6); two thick lines; bands along edges of handle. Context: B1/B2 7. Comments: The shape and decoration on this cup resemble vases dated to LH IIIA:1 (Mountjoy 1999a: 113, no. 131, fig. 22.131) or LH IIIA:2 (Mountjoy 1986: fig. 102.1, 5). Although the present example might be an antique, it is also possible it is an ‘archaizing’ vase. For discussion, see Koehl 2018a: 434-439; also, Chapters 4.3 and 5.3.

967 (K1340/P930). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of lower body with stem and most of base. H. 5.1; base d. 6.5. FB (10YR 8/3; very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: band on edge of base. Context: E2/E3 3.

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) 972 (K1828/P1435). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and body. H. 7.7; est. rim d. 13.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder and band on body enclose zone of running spirals (FM 46.54). Context: C2 6.

968 (K1454/P1044). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of lower body with stem and base. H. 3.7; base d. 4.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). UP. Context: D2* 9. 969 (K861/P560). Low-stemmed cup. Fragment of lower body with stem and beginning of base. H. 6.4; w. 8.1. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: solid paint on lower stem, onto base. Context: D2 11.

973 (K1410/P1000). Deep spouted cup. Non-joining sherds from rim and body. H. 6.0; est. rim d. 11.4. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to very dusky red (2.5YR 4/8-2.5/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on junction of rim and shoulder and band on body enclose wavy line (FM 53). Context: E2/E3 3.

970 (K399/P67/PM2240). Low-stemmed cup. Body sherd. H. 4.2; w. 3.0. FB, marble inclusions (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 5/8, red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: monochrome. EX: male figure with outlined head in profile; frontal torso with solid triangles at shoulders; left arm raised; right arm bent across waist. Context: E3 7. Comments: This is one of two examples of pictorial vase painting in this assemblage; see also 540. The pose of the figure suggests that he is playing a lyre or harp, which he strums with his bent, right arm. What looks like a seven stringed lyre painted on the IN of a kalathos from Phylakopi, is more likely from the stern of a ship; see Mountjoy 1999a: 926, no. 198, fig. 378.198B, dated to LH IIIC Developed (= Mountjoy 2007b: 355, fig. 8.30B, pl. 40b). For further discussion, see Koehl 2018a: 438. Publication: Koehl 2018a: 438, pl. 22.9; Schilardi 2016: 39, fig. 53.

974 (K1453/P1043). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of spout and body. H. 3.4; l. 6.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: paint drip inside spout. EX: thick line along edge of spout; band under base of spout; paint drip on spout. Context: D2 9. 975 (K1374/P964). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of spout, body and rim. H. 5.8; l. 8.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: thick line along edge of spout. EX: thick line along edge of spout; band under base of spout. Context: D2* 9. 976 (K1837/P1444). Deep spouted cup. Spout with fragment of rim and body. H. 3.7; l. 4.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: reddish yellow, 7.5YR 8/6). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Narrow band along edge of spout and on rim; band. Context: C2 6, C2 7.

Straight-sided cup 971 (K1816/P1422). Straight-sided cup. Fragment of rim and body with handle. H. 5.4; est. rim d. 10.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: line on rim; two bands on body. EX: band on rim and thick line

977 (K1596/P1186). Deep spouted cup. Spout with fragment of body. H. 2.5; l. 3.7. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, 109

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Narrow band along edge of spout. Context: D2 10.

Context: C2/D2 10. Comments: The color of the fabric of this bowl and 991 is darker than the other FB ceramics from the Koukounaries Hill assemblage. Furthermore, the profiles of both are similar but differ from most other deep bowls here. Their maximum diameter is higher than normal and the lower body tapers rather abruptly. Furthermore, their painted decoration is similar, with the same rim pattern and exterior decoration based on a flanked panel pattern. On the possibility that both bowls are imports or products of an itinerant potter, see Chapter 5.3. For similar decoration on a deep bowl from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1999a: 920, no. 173, fig. 375.173, dated to LH IIIC Early (= Mountjoy 2007b: 353, fig. 8.28.474). Publication: Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 44 (left).

978 (K1373/P963). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 2.3; base d. 8.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired red to reddish brown (2.5YR 4/6-4/4). IN: circular band on bottom. EX: band on base. Context: D2* 10. 979 (K1894/P1501). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 3.8; w. 2.8. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Reddish yellow paint (7.5YR 7/6). Band; paneled isolated single-line semicircles (FM 43.38). Context: C2 6.

984 (K1363/P953). Deep bowl. Fragment of approximately one third of rim with part of body, one complete handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 6.3; est. rim d. 16.0. FB (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 2.5Y N7/, light gray). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (2.5Y N3/). Monochrome IN and EX. Context: E2/E3 3.

980 (K1368/P958). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 8.8; w. 5.1. FB (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/6, yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired red to very dusky red (2.5 YR 5/82.5/2). IN: band on rim; paint drip. EX: wavy band (FM 53); band. Context: D2* 9. Comments: See 103 and 110.

985 (K1408/P998). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle attachment. H. 5.3; w. 5.3. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: spiral, perhaps running (FM 46.54); thick line around handle attachment. Context: D2 9, D2 10.

981 (K1838/P1445). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 4.3; w. 6.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Band; parallel chevrons (FM 58). Context: C2 6.

986 (K1436/P1026). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.7; est. rim d. 17.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired yellowish red (5YR 5/8) on IN; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) on EX. IN: monochrome. EX: two rows of V-pattern (FM 59). Context: D2 9, D2 10.

982 (K1895/P1502). Deep spouted cup. Body sherd. H. 2.5; w. 2.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: band. EX: row of U’s with a central line. Context: C2 8. Comments: The motif might come from a type of foliate band; cf. FM 64.16.

987 (K1400/P990). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 8.0; w. 8.4. FB (10YR 8/6, yellow; core: 7.5 YR 8/4, pink). Yellow slip (10YR 8/6). Black paint (10YR 2/1). IN: monochrome. EX: medium band on rim; band on body. Context: E2 5, E2 6. Comments: See 767.

Deep bowl (FS 284) 983 (K448/P146/PM2261). Deep bowl. Intact; missing small fragments of rim and body. H. 11.0; rim d. 16.0; base d. 6.3. FB (5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim; circular band on bottom. EX: thick line on rim and band at level of lower handle attachments define zone on front and back of isolated cross-hatched lozenges (FM 73k) flanking a wide paneled pattern (FM 75) of enclosed vertical dot rows framing enclosed vertical wavy lines; blob on top of handles; loop around base of handle attachments; band on base.

988 (K1461/P1051). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.2; w. 3.3. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired red to very dusky red on IN (2.5YR 4/8-2.5/2); yellowish red to black on EX (5YR 5/6- 2.5/1). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: band on rim; floral chain, perhaps papyrus (FM 11.20). Context: E2/E3 3. 110

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

989 (K1831/P1438). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.2; w. 4.7; est. rim d. 16.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: two narrow bands on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band; upside down U-pattern (FM 45); band; curved vertical line, probably from handle attachment. Context: C2 6.

995 (K1907/P1514). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.2; w. 2.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/4). Unvoluted flower with fringed IN (cf. FM 18C.134); two bands. Context: B1/B2 7. Comments: For this motif on another deep bowl, see 991.

990 (K1814/P1420). Deep bowl. Fragment with approximately one third of rim and body with one handle. H. 8.5; est. rim d. 16.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark brown to yellowish brown (10YR 3/3-5/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; zone with row of U-pattern (FM 45) and zigzags (FM 61); three thick, even lines below; solid handle. Context: B2 7, B1/B2 7.

996 (K1411/P1001). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 5.2; w. 2.4. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (2.5YR 3/4). Linked quirks (FM 48.5); band. Context: E2/E3 3. 997 (K1547/P1137). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H.3.4; w. 2.5. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: band. EX: lower edge of band; outlined lozenge with dot in center (FM 73). Context: E2 5.

991 (K449/P147/PM2262). Deep bowl. Nearly complete profile from rim to lower body; missing one third of rim, one handle, all of base. H. 11.5; rim d. 15. FB (5YR 7/8, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: thick line on rim; antithetic spirals filled with cross-hatching at loops (cf. FM 50.28) flank unvoluted flower in triglyph (cf. FM 75.26); two narrow bands. Context: C2/D2 10. Comments: See 983. See also Chapter 5.4, on the use of cross-hatching at Phylakopi. The cross-hatching in the loops is also reminiscent of a deep bowl from Tiryns dated to LH IIIB; see Grossman and Schäfer 1971: 67, no. 24, pl. 36.24. Publication: Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 44 (right).

998 (K1501/P1091). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.1; w. 3.2. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Paneled pattern (FM 75) with vertical concentric arcs (?), a triglyph, and another vertical motif, perhaps a papyrus chain (cf. FM 11.20). Context: E2/E3 3. Comments: For a similar papyrus chain as a filling motif, see 256. 999 (K1813/P1419). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body with one handle. H. 9.0; w. 12.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Paint fired dark brown to red (7.5YR 3/2-2.5YR 4/8). IN: band. EX: edge of band above level of handle attachments; band below level of handle attachments; loop around each handle attachment; blob on top of handle. Context: B2 6.

992 (K1876/P1483). Deep Bowl. Fragment from approximately one quarter of rim and body. H. 6.6; est. rim d. 15.5. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Reddish yellow paint (5YR 6/6). IN: band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; wavy band (FM 53); two bands. Context: C2 7, C2 8.

Stemmed bowl (FS 305)

993 (K1475/P1065). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.3; w. 2.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Medium band on rim; vertical row of parallel chevrons with medial line (FM 58.30). Context: D2 9.

1000 (K1569/P1159). Stemmed bowl. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 5.8; w. 6.9. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; concentric curved lines below, probably from a spiral. Context: E2/E3 3.

994 (K1552/P1142). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 2.8; w. 2.6. FB, SM (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5YR 6/3, light reddish brown). Light reddish brown slip (5YR 6/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: a pair of enclosed vertical diagonal lines; edge of band. Context: D2* 10.

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) 1001 (K1402/P992). Shallow angular bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.1; w. 7.1. est. rim d. 12.0. FB 111

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

(7.5YR 5/4, brown; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Brown slip (7.5YR 5/4). UP. Context: D2 11. Comments: See 249.

1007 (K1815/P1421). Basin. Two non-joining fragments from rim and body. H. (largest fragment) 7.4; est. rim d. 21.5. TB, M, marble inclusions (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dusky red paint (2.5YR 3/2). Band on upper surface of rim; wavy band (FM 53) on body. Context: B1/B2 7.

Kalathos 1002 (K1850/P1457). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.3; w. 7.4. TB, M (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR N5/, gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow blobs on upper surface of rim; band on rim; wavy band (FM 53) on body. Context: C2 8. Comments: For a kalathos from Astypalia with similar rim profile, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1144, no. 12, fig. 1003. 470.12, dated to LH IIIC Early. For an example from Mycenae, see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 232.4, dated to LH IIIC Middle (= Mountjoy 1999a:174, no. 369, fig. 49.369). For an example from Kamini, Naxos, with similar rim profile and decoration, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 428, no. 1816, fig. 32.1816, pl. 77.1816 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 959, no. 72, fig. 392.72, dated to LH IIIC Advanced).

1008 (K1841/P1448). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.0; w. 14.9; est. rim d. 30.5. TB, M, marble inclusions (10R 5/8, red; core: 10R 5/1, reddish gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Band on upper surface of rim. Context: C2 6. 1009 K1448/P1038). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H 11.3; w. 13.5; est. rim d. 25.0. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E2/E3 3. 1010 (K1495/P1085). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.1; w. 5.5; est. rim d. 28.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). UP. Context: E2 5.

1003 (K1880/P1487). Kalathos. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.6; w.4.2; est. rim d. 24.5. FB, SM (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Lozenge chain (FM 73) on upper surface of rim. Context: C2 6.

CLOSED SHAPES Large collar-necked jar (FS 63)

Basin, type indeterminate

1011 (K1345/P935). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment from approximately two thirds of upper body. Perforation on shoulder. H. 11.5; rim d. 15.3; shoulder perforation d. 0.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; uneven band on base of neck; on shoulder, two zones of floral bivalve shell chains (FM 25) enclosed by thick lines and one band on the handle zone. Context: E2 5. Comments: For a row of similar floral bivalve shells on a small collar necked jar from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 301, no. 376, pl. 88δ.376 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 584, no. 407, fig. 216.407, dated to LH IIIC Middle).

1004 (K1614/P1204). Basin. Fragment of rim, body, one handle attachment. H. 4.6; w. 4.7. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 6/1, gray). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Reddish brown paint (5YR 5/4). IN: monochrome. EX: paint drippings. Context: D2 9. 1005 (K1564/P1154). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.75; w. 3.6; est. rim d. 16.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired strong brown to black (7.5YR 4/6- N2/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on upper surface of rim. Context: D2 9.1 1006 (K1897/P1504). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 8.8; w. 4.5; est. rim d. 36.9. TB, M (5YR 6/3, light reddish brown; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: two bands. EX: Tapered blobs on upper surface of rim; irregular diagonal band, perhaps from a wavy band (FM 53). Context: C2 6. Comments: Traces of secondary burning are visible on the IN and EX.

1012 (K1498/P1088). Large collar-necked jar. Fragment from rim to shoulder. H. 3.1; w. 3.2. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck. Context: E2 5. 1013 (K1551/P1141). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd. H. 3.8; w. 3.1. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale 112

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Two bands enclose UID triglyph or metope pattern. Context: D2* 10 Comments: The motif next to the vertical lines resembles half a double axe, FM 35.

1018 (K1464/P1054). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder and upper body with one handle attachment. H. 5.0; est. max. d. 13.5. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Two rows of facing isolated semicircles. (FM 43); band. Context: D2* 10. Comments: For the shoulder motif of isolated semicircles, see 341.

Small collar-necked jar (FS 63) 1014 (K1567/P1157). Small collar-necked jar. Fragment from approximately one third of rim, half of shoulder, one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 11.5; rim d. 10.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/2, pinkish gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on base of neck; band on shoulder; two bands on handle zone enclose wavy band (FM 53.20). Context: E2 5, E2 6. Comments: For similar decoration on an amphoriskos from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006:147, pl. 21.3.

1019 (K1459/P1049). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder with one handle. H. 5.3; max. est. d. 12.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). Lower edge of band; group of lines; band on mid-shoulder and band on upper body enclose zone of diaper net (FM 57.2); solid handle. Context: E2 5. Comments: See 570 for decoration. 1020 (K1545/P1135). Straight-sided alabastron. Shoulder fragment with one handle attachment. H. 6.5; w. 7.2. FB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Group of lines; band above and below handle attachment enclose zone of diaper net (FM 57.2); solid handle. Context: E2/E3 3, D2 10. Comments: See 570 for decoration.

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) 1015 (K1573/P1163). Rim-handled amphora? Handle fragment with lower attachment. H. 4.6; w. 5.4. FB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Band around base of handle; wavy band (FM 53) along handle. Context: E2 5.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) 1021 (K1497/P1087). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.6; w. 3.7. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim; edge of band on neck. Context: E2 5.

1016 (K1606/P1196). Rim-handled amphora? Fragment from base of neck and shoulder. H. 8.3; w. 6.3. FB, SM (5YR 5/6, yellowish red; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Yellowish red paint (5YR 5/8). Band on base of neck; wavy band (FM 53); two bands. Context: D2 11.

1022 (K1391/P981). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.8; w. 2.8. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 8/3, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark gray to yellowish red (10YR 3/1-5YR 5/6). Monochrome. Context: E2 5. Comments: Unlike the other monochrome alabastra from Koukounaries which have a reserved base, like 344 and 846, this alabastron is entirely covered, like one from Phylakopi; see Mountjoy 1985: 196, no. 381, fig. 5.23.381 (= Mountjoy 1984: 232, fig. 2.381; Mountjoy 1999a: 914, no. 125, fig. 371.125, dated to LH IIIC Early). For an example from Skyros, see Parlama 1984: 190-191, no. 50, fig. 46.50, pl. 86.50 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 732, no. 21, fig. 282.21, dated to LH IIIC Early).

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96) 1017 (K1619/P1209). Straight-sided alabastron. Complete profile with one third of rim, three handles on shoulder, two thirds of body; missing most of base. H. 11.0; rim d. 8.3; base d. 11.7. FB (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 7/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Solid rim and neck; two narrow bands on handle zone enclose diaper net (FM 57.2); band; band on mid-body; two bands on lower body; blobs top and bottom of handles. Context: E2 5. Comments: For a discussion of alabastra decorated with bands, rather than with bands and lines, which is more common, see 700.

1023 (K1577/P1167). Straight-sided alabastron. Joining and non-joining fragments from shoulder, body, 113

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

and base. Est. H. 9.4; est. base d. 12.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Band above shoulder and band on upper body enclose shoulder zone of diaper net (FM 57.2); wide zone of fine lines, from shoulder to base; band on base, onto underside. Context: E2 5, E2 6. Comments: See 570 for decoration.

1029 (K1354/P944). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H.2.8; w. 3.0. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D2* 10. 1030 (K1385/P975). Medium jug? Handle fragment. H. 1.9; w. 4.7. TB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint fired dark gray to very dark gray (10YR 4/13/1). Band on handle. Context: E2/E3 3.

1024 (K1492/P1082. Straight-sided alabastron. Joining and non-joining fragments from lower body and base. H. 4.0; est. base d. 13.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Band on base. Context: E2/E2 3.

1031 (K1821/P1427). Medium jug. Fragment of lower body with half of base. H. 6.4; est. base d. 6.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Two bands on body; band above base. Context: B2 6.

1025 (K1449/P1039). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from shoulder and upper body. H. 3.0; w. 3.2. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired yellowish red to dusky red (5YR 4/6-2.5YR 3/2). Hook-shaped line, perhaps from U-pattern (FM 45); band. Context: E2/E3 3.

1032 (K1395/P985). Medium jug. Handle fragment. Max. h. 4.7; w. 2.5. FB (10YR 8/3, pink; core: 10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Band on handle with reserved triangle near attachment to rim. Context: E2 5.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 97)

Small jug (FS 115)

1026 (K1833/P1440). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from lower body and base. H. 4.3; est. base d. 13.5. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5YR 8/3, pink). Light reddish brown slip (2.5YR 6/4). Red paint (10R 4/8). Two bands. Context: C2 6. Comments: The raised base is unusual; see 854.

1033 (K1496/P1086). Small jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.8; est. rim d. 5.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; uneven band on neck. Context: E2/E3 3. 1034 (K1582/P1172). Small jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.4; est. rim d. 7.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; edge of curved band. Context: E2 5.

Large jug (FS 106) 1027 (K1887/P1494). Large jug. Fragment of rim, neck, and shoulder with complete handle. H. (rimshoulder) 5.2; est. rim d. 12.0 FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). UP. Context: C2 6. Comments: The handle is perforated with firing holes near the upper and lower attachments.

1035 (K1511/P1101). Small jug. Missing rim, part of neck, half of body, entire handle. H. 6.6; base d. 3.6. FB (10YR 8/4, pink; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Paint fired black to reddish yellow (10YR 2/1-5YR 6/8). Band on base of neck; two bands on body; band on base. Context: E2 6 Comments: See 387.

Medium jug (FS 110) 1028 (K539/P218). Medium jug. Most of rim and neck, fragment of shoulder, complete handle. H. 8.6; rim d. 8.2. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck; band on handle. Context: D2 10.

1036 (K1484/P1074). Small jug. Non-joining body sherds with one lower handle attachment. H. (largest sherd) 6.2; w. 5.4. FB, M (10YR 8/4, pink; 114

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

core: 5YR 7/3, pink). Pink slip (10YR 8/4). Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2). Band on base of neck and band on shoulder enclose paneled zigzags (FM 75.38); two thick lines below. Context: E2/E3 3. Comments: See 586.

1041 (K1826/P1432). Small stirrup jar. Disc with one handle, edge of second handle, part of false neck. H. 3.2; disc d. 2.1. FB, SM (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Thick line around edge of disc; thick lines along edges of handle; band (?) on base of false neck. Context: B2 7.

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) 1037 (K1346/P936). Neck-handled jug. Missing one third of rim, half of shoulder, most of belly, all of lower body. H. 14.8; rim d. 7.1. FB (10YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck; on shoulder, zone of connected isolated semicircles with solid centers (FM 43.34); two bands enclose line group, below; band on handle with reserved triangle at junction with rim. Context: E2 6. Comments: For similar shoulder decoration on a jug from Langada, Kos, see Morricone 1967: 204, no. 4, fig. 214, no. 166 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 1112, no. 130, fig. 455.130, dated to LH IIIC Middle). Publication: Schilardi 1977: 371, pl. 190β; Schilardi 2016: 33, fig. 50.

1042 (K1544/P1134). Small stirrup jar. False neck with fragment of disc. H. 3.9; est. disc d. 3.2. FB (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band around edge of disc; band around base of false neck. Context: D2 9/10. 1043 (K1446/P1036). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of lower body with entire base. H. 1.6; base d. 7.3. FB (5YR 6/8, reddish yellow; core: 5YR6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired dark brown to black (7.5YR 4/4-2.5YR N2.5/). Band on lower body and band on base enclose group of lines. Context: E2/E3 3.

1038 (K1332/P922). Neck-handled jug. Missing rim, most of neck, lower part of handle, fragments of body. H. 21.8; base d. 7.4. TB (5YR 7/8, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 5/3, reddish brown). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/8). UP. Context: E2 6. Comments: The vase has a distinct raised ridge at the base of its neck, below which is the point of attachment to the body. The ridge seems purely decorative and recalls the ridges found occasionally in the same location on Mycenaean jugs, which are probably meant as an imitation of the strip applied to mask and make impermeable the junction of the neck and shoulder on metal vases; see Koehl 1986; also 386.

1044 (K1817/P1423). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of shoulder. H. 4.0; w. 7.1. FB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Very pale brow–n slip (10YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Group of lines; unvoluted flowers (FM 18C) below. Context: B2 7. 1045 (K1543/P1133). Small stirrup jar. Fragment of shoulder. H.4.4; w. 4.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Bands enclose group of lines; narrow zone of vertical lines, perhaps vertical wavy lines (FM 53. 33-35). Context: D2 9. Comments: For patterned zone, see 421 or 600.

Large stirrup jar, type indeterminate 1039 (K1824/P1430). Large stirrup jar. Complete spout. H. 6.4; rim of spout d. 4.6. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). Narrow band on edge of spout; band on base of spout. Context: B1/B2 6.

UID large closed vase 1046 (K1388/P978). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.9; w. 4.1. TB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 8/2 white). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim. Context: D2 9, D2 10.

Small stirrup jar, type indeterminate 1040 (K1353/P943). Small stirrup jar. False neck and disc. H. 3.4; disc d. 3.1. FB (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Dark gray paint (10YR 4/1). Solid circle with concentric lines on disc; band around base of false neck. Context: E2/E3 3.

1047 (K1538/P1128). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 8.1; w. 7.0. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E2/E3 3. 115

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1048 (K1384/P974). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; w. 5.4. TB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: E2/E3 3.

brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/3). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Row of blobs on rim. Context: D2 9, D2 10. 1057 (K1537/P1127). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 6.7; w. 6.8; est. rim d. 11.0. TB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (10YR 8/2). UP. Context: D2* 10.

1049 (K1584/P1174). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.1; base d. 9.5. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint fired red to very dark gray (2.5YR 4/8-2.5 N3/). Band on base. Context: D2 10.

1058 (K1561/P1151). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.0; w. 10.1; est. rim d. 13.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). UP. Context: E2/E3 3.

1050 (K1338/P928). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body with half of base. H. 8.8; base d. 13.8. TB (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). UP. Context: E2/E3 3.

1059 (K1494/P1084). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 7.4; est. rim d. 12.0. TB, M (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: E2 5.

1051 (K1350/P940). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and handle. H. 4.7. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D2* 9.

1060 (K1557/P1147). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; w. 4.8. TB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D2* 9.

1052 (K1347/P937). UID large closed vase. Handle fragment. H. 5.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5Y N6/, gray). UP. Context: D2* 10.

1061 (K1468/P1058). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.0; w. 7.5; est. base d. 11.0. FB, SM (2.5Y 7/2, light gray; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Light gray slip (2.5Y 7/2). UP. Context: D2 10.

1053 (K1360/P950). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 14.1; w. 15.05. TB, M (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint fired red to very dark grayish brown (2.5YR 4/8-10YR 3/2). Two bands; isolated lozenge filled with dot rosette in center and dotted arcs in corners (cf. FM 73f); two bands below. Context: E2/E3 3.

1062 (K1493/P1083). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.8; w. 10.0; est. base d. 10.5. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). UP. Context: E2/E3 3.

UID medium closed vase 1054 (K1571/P1161). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and handle. H. 2.8; w. 5.35. TB, SM (2.5Y N8/, white; core: 5YR 5/1, gray). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Band on rim; band on handle. Context: E2/E3 3.

1063 (K1500/P1090). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.1; w. 6.2. FB, SM (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Connected concentric semicircles (FM 43.34). Context: E2/E3 3.

1055 (K1488/P1078). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H.3.1; w. 2.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 8/4, very pale brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired very dark gray to reddish brown (7.5YR N3/-5YR 4/4). IN: solid paint, perhaps from a wide band. EX: narrow band on rim. Context: D2 9, D2 10.

1064 (K1823/P1429). UID medium closed vase. Joining and non-joining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 9.2; w. 11.1. FB, SM (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 6/6). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Group of three thick lines. Context: B1/B2 7, B2 7.

1056 (K1589/P1179). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.1; w. 4.0. FB, SM (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light

1065 (K1586/P1176). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.0; w. 11.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; 116

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Three bands. Context: E2 5, E2 6.

6/2). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Running spiral (FM 46.52); band. Context: D2 10.

UID small closed vase 1066 (K1542/P1132). UID small closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.5; w. 4.3; est. rim d. 6.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 10YR 7/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Band on rim. Context: D2 11. Comments: Note hollow rim IN. For its chronological significance, see Chapters 4.3 and 5.4.

1074 (K1820/P1426). UID small closed vase. Joining and non-joining body sherds. H. 8.8; w. 7.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). One band, one thick line; semicircle with double outline filled with dotted scale pattern (FM 70); one or two thick lines below. Surface very worn. Context: B1/B2 6. Comments: For a dotted scale pattern on a closed vase from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 1978: 493, fig. 33.1.

1067 (K1539/P1129). UID small closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.0; w. 2.4. TB, SM (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4) UP. Context: D2* 10.

1075 (K1404/P994). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 5.4; w. 6.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/1). Reddish yellow paint (5YR 6/6). Band. Comments: E2/E3 3.

1068 (K1477/P1067). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.3; w.4.7; base d. 3.8. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Paint fired red to dark red (2.5YR 4/83/6). Solid paint. Context: D2 9.

Rhyton? 1076 (K1869/P1476). Rhyton? Fragment of lower body and base of closed vase with perforation in center of base. H. 2.9; w. 5.7; est. base d. 4.0; perforation d. 0.5. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Band; two narrow bands; band on base. Context: C2 6. Comments: The base was pierced after firing. This might be the latest example of a Mycenaean closed vase with pierced base that can be classified as a Type IV rhyton. The closest parallels are jugs or hydriae, dated to LH IIIB:1. Hence, its occurrence here might be regarded as an archaizing feature, as discussed in Chapter 5.3. For the classification and catalog of Type IV. Jug and Hydria rhyta, see Koehl 2006: 58-59, 213-218; on their function, see Koehl 2006: 274-276.

1069 (K1445/P1035). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.1; w. 6.0; base d. 5.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to yellowish red (5YR 3/1-5/6). Band on base. Context: E2/E3 3. 1070 (K1513/P1103). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.8; w. 7.1; base d. 5.5. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3); very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Band on base. Context: E2/E3 3.

Context 5. Shrine

1071 (K1450/P1040). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.5; base d. 6.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired reddish brown to black (2.5YR 5/4-N2.5/). Band on base. Context: E2/E3 3.

A small room within square D5, located on the west side of the North-South Corridor, just south of the north entrance, was investigated during the excavations of 1978 and 1981 (Schilardi 1978: 201-203; Schilardi 1981: 284-286). The room, which measures 3.0 m. in length and 1.50 m. in width, was entered through a doorway near the middle of its eastern wall (Figure 1; Schilardi 1978: pl. 138α). While three of its walls – the east, west, and south- were made of limestone and schist bocks, the north wall preserves only a large bedrock outcropping whose interior surface seem to have been intentionally flattened (Figure 3). Based largely on the finding of a fragmentary terracotta wheel-made figure (see below), 1169, the ‘worked’ bedrock outcropping, which could have served as a platform or altar, and its succession

1072 (K1499/P1089). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 2.4; w. 3.3. FB, SM (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 10YR 6/2, light brownish gray). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Front and back of two unvoluted flowers (FM 18C). Context: E2/E3 3. 1073 (K1439/P1029). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 2.9; w. 5.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pinkish gray slip (7.5YR 117

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

of plastered and paved floors, discussed below (visible in Figure 3), the room may be identified as a small shine, similar in scale to the one from the Ünterburg of Tiryns (Kilian 1981). The presence of a composite, straight-sided alabastron, 1130, a vase which is likely to have contained offerings, like a kernos, might also support this argument (for its occurrence in the shrines at Phylakopi and use in cult, see Renfrew 1985: 431). Furthermore, the room’s location seems to recall the shrines built just inside the gates at Mycenae (Iakovidis 1983: 31, 33, 39).

representing a minimum of 179 vases, of which 92 were cataloged (see Appendix 2f). As in Storerooms 1 and 3 and the Upper Deposit of the East-West Corridor, kylikes and low-stemmed cups are found here in nearly equal proportion to deep bowls (see Appendix 2g; also Chapter 4.5). Among the latter is 1094, the only example of a Group B deep bowl in the assemblage. When the five ring-based kraters are also taken into consideration, it may be surmised that the consumption of liquids and possibly solid foods (in the deep bowls) occurred here. Although no vases from this room seem to have an overtly ritual function, except perhaps the composite straight-sided alabastron, 1130, it is possible that the three one-handled conical bowls, 1110-1112, otherwise not a particularly common shape in the Koukounaries Hill assemblage, were used for tipping libations. It may also be worth noting that three of the eight hydriae cataloged in this assemblage were found here, 11391141. Perhaps their presence may be attributed to the room’s proximity to the north entrance and the site’s main supply of fresh water, a stream located at the base of the hill, accessed by the staircase built into its north face (Figure 2; Koehl 2018a: 428, pl. 22.2).

The interior of the room and its contents were disturbed not only by the main destruction of the site, but from subsequent activity in the area. Though the room itself was apparently abandoned during the so-called reoccupation phase in LH IIIC Late (see Chapters 3 and 5.4), a large pit was dug through the middle of the room during the Proto-geometric era, which reached Mycenaean levels. Most notable was the discovery here of the leg from a large, probably wheel-made terracotta bovid figure, 1169. This pit also yielded fragments from five ring-based kraters, 1113-1117, and three one-handled conical bowls, 1110-1112. While they come from a disturbed context, as they are the only examples of these two shapes that were discovered in the room, perhaps their proximity indicates that they were used together.

OPEN SHAPES Rounded conical kylix (FS 258/274) 1077 (K1251/P988). Rounded conical kylix. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim and body with one handle. H. 9.5; est. rim d. 16.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). IN: red paint (2.5YR 4/6). EX: dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; band on handle with reserved triangle at junction with rim. Context: D5 6, D5 7.

Most of the pottery, however, was found in strata 6 and 7, the main Mycenaean destruction and occupation levels, respectively. Very little pottery was found on the original floor, stratum 9. This floor was composed of an approximately 50.0 cm. thick underflooring and paving of schist slabs, followed by an approximately 5.0 cm thick layer of plaster (see Figure 3; the slab underflooring is visible, in section, in the foreground, below the damaged plaster floor). Directly above was a relatively thin layer of ash and rubble, stratum 8, which also contained few ceramics; none were cataloged. Stratum 6 and 7 were both comprised of burned mud and rubble stones though the soil of stratum 6 had a decidedly higher content of ash, evidence here of the building’s destruction. What is striking about these strata is the high concentration of water-worn pebbles they contained (visible in Figure 3, in front of the bedrock). Perhaps the pebbles formed part of a flooring that was laid above the original stone and plaster floor. The scarcity of pottery in strata 8 and 9 may indicate that this second floor was laid down soon after the slab and plaster floor was completed, before an accumulation of debris could occur. Unfortunately, this area was also heavily occupied during the Geometric era, causing further damage to the pebble floor, as witnessed by the finding of Geometric pottery in stratum 6 along with the Mycenaean ceramics.

1078 (K1252/P882). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 8.1; est. rim d. 17.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). IN: yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). EX: paint fired grayish brown to dark brown (10YR 5/2-7.5YR 3/4). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; band on upper half of handle with diagonal lower edge. Context: D5 6. 1079 (K1254/P884). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.5; est. rim d. 14.0. FB, M (2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D5 6. 1080 (K1620/P1210). Rounded conical kylix. Fragment of body with lower handle attachment and upper part of stem. H. 6.85; w. 8.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D5 6.

Nonetheless, despite intense post-Mycenaean activity here, a total of 1,837 Mycenaean sherds were counted, 118

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215)

Deep bowl (FS 284)

1081 (K1198/P847). Deep semiglobular cup. Complete profile; missing half of rim and body. H. 8.9; rim d. 13.0. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: monochrome. EX: uneven line on rim, widens opposite handle; band on body, at level of lower handle attachment; band on lower half of handle. Context: D5 7.

1086 (K1330/P920). Deep bowl. Complete profile; missing one third of rim and small fragments of body. H. 11.5; rim d. 15.5; base d. 4.9. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 7/4). IN paint fired very dark gray to reddish yellow (10YR 3/1- 7.5YR 6/6). EX paint fired very dark gray to yellowish red (7.5YR N3/-5YR 7/8). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim; wavy band (FM 53) on handle zone; two bands at level of lower handle attachments; band on base; solid handles. Context: D5 6. Comments: For a similarly painted wavy band on a krater from Tiryns dated to LH IIIC Developed, see Podzuweit 1979: 426-430, fig. 44.7.

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) 1082 (K1331/P921). Deep spouted cup. Nearly complete profile above base with handle attachments; missing fragments of rim, body, all of handle and base. H. 8.4; rim d. 11.8. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Paint fired red to black (2.5YR 4/8-N2.5/). IN: band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim, continues along edge of spout; band under spout, at junction with body; groups of horizontal isolated parallel chevrons (FM 58.12) on body; band at level of lower handle attachment. Context: D5 6. Comments: This vase is unique in that it’s handle is located at a perpendicular angle to the spout, rather than opposite the spout, as is typical of the shape; cf. 485 and Chapter 4.3. A fingerprint from paint is preserved on the lower body, below a chevron group (visible in color photograph, below chevron group closest to spout).

1087 (K1244/P876). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle. H. 7.7; est. rim d. 15.0. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). IN paint fired very dark gray, reddish brown, and dark grayish brown (5YR 3/1, 5YR 4/3, 10YR 4/2). EX paint fired light red to dark grayish brown (2.5YR 6/6-10YR 4/2). IN: monochrome. EX: monochrome with reserved rectangle between handle attachments; band along handle. Context: D5 6. Comments: On the reserved rectangle between the handles, see 124. 1088 (K1242/P875). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.0; w. 4.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint on IN (5YR 3/1). EX paint fired very dark gray to reddish brown (5YR 3/1-4/4). IN: monochrome. EX: line on rim; band; horizontal whorl-shell with dotted ‘head’ (FM 23. 12). Context: D5 6. Comments: Only the ghost of the dot inside the ‘head’ remains (restored in drawing). See 154 for deep bowls with whorl-shell decoration.

1083 (K1259/P889). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of spout and body. H. 5.6; spout l. 3.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired very dark gray to strong brown (7.5YR N3/-5/6). Band along edge of spout; band under spout. Context: D5 6. 1084 (K1224/P857). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim and spout. H. 3.2; spout l. 4.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Red paint (10R 5/8). IN: thick on rim. EX: band on rim, along edge of spout; band under base of spout. Context: D5 7.

1089 (K1234/P867). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 5.8; w. 7.4; est. rim d. 11.1. FB (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Dark reddish gray paint (5YR 4/2). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow band on rim; row of quirks or N-pattern (FM 48 or 60); band. Context: D5 6. Comments: For a similar decoration on a deep bowl from Tiryns, but with an UP IN, dated to LH IIIC Early, see Podzuweit 1978: 476, fig. 29.1.

1085 (K1260/P890). Deep spouted cup. Fragment of rim, body, with upper handle attachment. H. 2.6; w. 4.05. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint fired very dark gray to red (7.5YR N3/-2.5YR 4/8). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; two uneven bands on edges of handle. Context: D5 6.

1090 (K1246/P878). Deep bowl. Joining and nonjoining fragments from rim and body. H. (largest fragment). 3.3; w. 4.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 119

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paneled zigzags in single-lined triglyphs (FM 75.38); band. Context: D5 6.

thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: band on rim; irregular row of quirks (FM 48.5) at handle zone; two narrow bands below level of handle attachments; loop around handle attachments; band on handles. Context: D5 6, D5 7.

1091 (K1236/P869). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body with one handle (second handle restored in drawing). H. 8.0; w. 8.3; est. rim d. 17.0. FB (5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Paint fired reddish brown to light red (5YR 4/4-2.5YR 6/8). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim; paneled ladder pattern (FM 75); band on level of lower handle attachments; loops around handle attachments; blob on top of handle. Context: D5 7.

1096 (K1256/P886). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.05; w. 2.75. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). IN: thick line on rim; band below rim. EX: narrow band on rim; two parallel curved lines, perhaps from spiral or concentric semicircles. Context: D5 6. 1097 (K1241/P874). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.2; w. 1.9. FB (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Paint fired light red to red (2.5YR 6/8-5/6). Two diagonal paneled ladder patterns attached to curved thick line with dotted IN. Context: D5 6. Comments: The motif is UID.

1092 (K1250/P880). Deep bowl. Joining and non-joining fragments from rim and body. H. 7.3; est. rim d. 17.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). IN paint fired reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 4/4-5/6); EX: red (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow band on rim; band on lower body. Context: D5 6.

1098 (K1247/P879). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.6; w. 2.9. FB, SM (10YR 7/2, light gray; core: 10YR 6/2, light brownish gray). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: dotted rim, onto EX; band, below. Context: D5 6.

1093 (K1601/P1191). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.85; w. 3.75. FB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D5 6.

1099 (K1623/P1213). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.4; base d. 5.9. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base; thin brush strokes from upper edge of band onto body (visible on photograph). Context: D5 7.

1094 (K1233/P866). Deep bowl. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim and body. H. 12.0; est. rim d. 18.4. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). IN paint fired very dark gray to yellowish red (5YR 3/1-4/6). Dark reddish brown streaked EX paint (5YR 3/2). IN: monochrome. EX: wide band on rim; paneled zigzags in multi-lined triglyphs (FM 75.38) alternate with isolated cross-hatched lozenges (FM F73y); two bands. Context: D5 6. Comments: The wide rim band would classify this as a Group B deep bowl (Mountjoy 1986: 121). For a Group B bowl from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis decorated with cross-hatched lozenges between multi-lined triglyphs, see Broneer 1939: 364, fig. 43b (= Mountjoy 1999a: 556, no. 268, fig. 202.268, date to LH IIIB:2). See also Chapter 5.3, for discussion.

1100 (K1622/P1212). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.9; base d. 5.2. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 6/2, light brownish gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. Context: D5 6. Comments: The absence of a band on the base may indicate that the EX of this bowl was UP. 1101 (K1624/P1214). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.0; base d. 6.9. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: band on base. Context: D5 7.

1095 (K1197/P846). Deep bowl. Joining and nonjoining fragments of rim with half of one handle and fragments of body (one complete handle restored in drawing). H. 8.0; est. rim d. 21.0. FB, M (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Pink slip (5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). IN:

1102 (K1625/P1215). Deep bowl. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.8; base d. 7.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 120

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

8/2, pinkish white; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired pinkish gray to dark brown (7.5YR 6/2-3/2). IN: solid circle on bottom; narrow band around circle. EX: band on base. Context: D5 7.

4/3). Band; perhaps multiple stem and tongue (FM 19.40) or stemmed spiral (FM 51). Context: D5 6. 1109 (K1231/P864). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.4; w. 3.5. FB (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 4/4-5/8). IN: band. EX: band; wavy line (FM 53.18). Context: D5 7.

1103 (K1230/P863). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.7; w. 3.8. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint on IN fired reddish brown to very dark gray (5YR 4/3-3/1). Paint on EX fired dark reddish gray to red (5YR 4/2-2.5YR 5/6). IN: monochrome. EX: horizontal whorl-shell (FM 23.18); band. Context: D5 7. Comments: See 154 for deep bowls with whorl-shell decoration.

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) 1110 (K1191/P840). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H 1.7; w. 2.6. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8-4/8). IN: monochrome. EX: band on rim. Context: D5 5. Comments: See 230.

1104 (K1285/P915). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 1.6; w. 2.2. FB, SM (10YR 5/2, grayish brown; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Light brownish gray slip (10YR 6/2). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: sea anemone (FM 27.13). Context: D5 5.

1111 (K1190/P839). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H 2.6; w. 3.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 4/8). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: thick line on rim. Context: D5 5.

1105 (K1237/P870). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 6.9; w. 10.1. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint on IN fired red to dark red (10R 4/8-3/6). Paint on EX fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 3/24/6). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled lozenge in triglyph (FM 75.14 or 75.27); band. Context: D5 6. Comments: For a similar decoration, though more carefully executed, see 1094.

1112 (K1192/P841). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.0; w. 2.6. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR N8/, white). White slip (10YR 8/1). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: line on rim. Context: D5 5. Ring-based krater (FS 282)

1106 (K1235/P868). Deep bowl. Fragment of body with one handle. H. 5.4; w. 9.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint on IN fired reddish brown to black (5YR 4/4-2.5/1). Paint on EX fired dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled zigzag (FM 75.38); band; loop around handle attachments; blob on top of handle. Context: D5 6.

1113 (K1185/P834). Ring-based krater. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.0; w. 11.35; est. rim d. 30.0. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). IN: band on rim. EX: band on upper surface of rim; band on rim; double bodied whorl-shell (cf. FM 23.21); voluted flower with dotted edge, concentric semicircles, two tapering parallel lines for stem (cf. FM 18A.23). Context: D5 5. Comments: For double whorl-shell and voluted flower together on a stemmed krater from Pylos, see Blegen and Rawson 1966: 62, 401-402, no. 1151, fig. 387.1151 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 349, no. 103, fig. 119.103, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2- LH IIC Early).

1107 (K1238/P871). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.8; w. 3.2. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: monochrome. EX: paneled zigzag in single-lined triglyph (FM 75.38). Context: D5 6. Comments: Perhaps from same bowl as 1090.

1114 (K1188/P837). Ring-based krater. Fragment of rim and body. H. 2.95; w. 4.0. FB, SM, mudstone (?) inclusions (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: thick line on rim;

1108 (K1239/P872). Deep bowl. Body sherd. H. 3.8; w.3.6. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Paint fired very dark gray to reddish brown (7.5YR N3/-5YR 121

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

band. EX: narrow band and thick line on upper surface of rim; band on body. Context: D5 5.

Basin, type indeterminate 1119 (K1283/P913). Basin. Fragment of rim and body. H. 6.1; w. 5.0. FB, M (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D5 7.

1115 (K1186/P835). Ring-based krater. Body sherd. H. 8.6; w. 5.35. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/1, white). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Vertical row of solid outlined semicircles (FM 43.b) and an uncertain pattern, perhaps a triangle, flank three uneven vertical lines. Context: D5 5. Comments: For similar decoration on a krater from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 356, fig. 34f (= Mountjoy 1999a: 600, no. 479, fig. 223.479, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For a parallel from Lefkandi, Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: 160, pl. 30B.4.

CLOSED SHAPES Amphoriskos (FS 59) 1120 (K1202/P1851). Amphoriskos. Joining fragments from rim and body with one handle and nonjoining fragments from handle zone. H. 15.8; rim d. 10.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired gray, yellowish red, dark reddish brown, red (5YR 5/1, 5YR 5/6, 5YR 3/2, 2.5YR 4/8). Band on rim upper surface, onto EX; wide band on neck; three narrow bands on shoulder; wide handle zone with vertical curved line and curved lined from stemmed spiral enclose group of parallel chevrons (FM 58.12); possible stemmed spirals on nonjoining body sherds (incorporated in drawing); two bands at level of lower handle attachments; band on handle. Context: D5 7.

1116 (K1187/P836). Ring-based krater. Body sherd. H. 8.25; w. 9.3. TB, SM (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 2.5Y N6/, gray). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Very dark grayish brown paint on IN (2.5Y 3/2). Paint on EX fired reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 4/4-5/6). IN: band. EX: three bands; four parallel curved lines from an open centered spiral (FM 46.58). Context: D5 5. Comments: For a parallel from Lefkandi, Phase 2b, see Popham et al. 2006: 172, fig. 2.12.6, pl. 51.5 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 226.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 720, no. 88, fig. 276.88, dated to LH IIIC Late). See also Chapter 3, 1176.

1121 (K1201/P850). Amphoriskos. Fragment from neck and upper body. H. 4.75; w. 7.4. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Band on neck; band on base of neck and band on shoulder enclose two lines; perhaps row of outlined and filled lozenges (FM 73aa) on shoulder. Context: D5 7.

1117 (K1189/P838). Ring-based krater. Body sherd. H. 3.6; w. 2.8. FB, marble inclusions (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10R 5/8, red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). Vertical wavy line in triglyph. Context: D5 5.

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) 1122 (K1205/P854). Large collar-necked jar. Body sherd with vertically pierced conical lug. H. 4.0; w. 5.05. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (5YR 3/1). Solid paint on lug; below lug, isolated quirks (FM 48.5) flank paneled ladder pattern (FM 75). Context: D5 7.

Spouted basin (FS 302) 1118 (K1284/P914). Spouted basin? Fragment of rim and body with one handle; three non-joining sherds. H. 8.0; est. rim d. 31.5. TB, SM (5YR 8/3, pink; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Paint on IN fired very dark gray to red (2.5YR N3/-4/6). Paint on EX fired yellowish red to dark reddish brown (5YR 5/6-3/4). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim; band on body, below level of handle; band on upper edge of handle. Context: D5 6, D5 7. Comments: For the profile, see 267, 688.

Small collar-necked jar (FS 63) 1123 (K1204/P853). Small collar-necked jar. Fragment from rim to shoulder. H. 5.15; w. 9.0; est. rim d. 10.5; perforation d. 0.5. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/4, light brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2). Band on rim; two bands on shoulder; edge of band (visible in photograph). Two perforations on shoulder. 122

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Context: D5 7. Comments: For a parallel from Eutresis, see Goldman 1931: 189, fig. 263.1 (= Mountjoy 1983: 95, no. 126, pl. 19a, dated to LH IIIC; Mountjoy 1986: fig. 173.2, identified it as a straight-sided alabastron, dated to LH IIIC Early; Mountjoy 1999a: 680, no. 164, fig. 260.164, dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early).

paint (2.5YR 4/8). Band on neck; band on upper and lower shoulder enclose group of fine lines. Context: D5 6, D5 7. 1129 (K1229/P862). Straight-sided alabastron. Body sherd. H. 4.0; w. 3.0. FB, SM (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N6/, gray). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Reddish brown paint (5YR 4/3). Band; UID curving cross-hatched pattern. Context: D5 7.

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) 1124 (K1257/P887). Rim-handled amphora? Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.9; w. 7.3. TB, SM (10YR 8/2, white; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Black paint (2.5YR N2.5/). IN: narrow band on rim; band. EX: five lines of varying widths on rim. Context: D5 6.

Straight-sided alabastron, composite (FS 330) 1130 (K1200/P849). Straight-sided alabastron, composite. Fragment of lower body with complete base. H. 3.4; base d. 6.1. FB (7.5YR 8/4, pink). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Monochrome; underside of base UP. Context: D5 7. Comments: The broken patch on the lower body indicates that this comes from a composite alabastron; see 357.

1125 (K1232/P865). Rim-handled amphora? Fragment of twisted handle. H. 6.5; w. 3.0. TB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 10YR 5/1, gray). Paint fired black to reddish brown (2.5YR N2.5/-4/4). Monochrome. Context: D5 7. Comments: For similar twisted handles on amphorae from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 394, figs. 74b (= Mountjoy 1999a: 567, no. 325, fig. 209.325, dated to LH IIIC Early), 75b-e. For examples from Lefkandi, Phases 1b and 2a, see Popham et al. 2006:146, 163, fig. 2.8.1, pl. 20.4. See also Chapter 5.4.

Large jug (FS 106) 1131 (K1264/P894). Large jug. Fragment of upper body with handle; missing two-thirds of rim and all of body below shoulder. H. 11.6; rim d. 10.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Band on rim; uneven band on base of neck; uneven circles on shoulder, FM 41, two bands on shoulder, below level of lower handle attachment; wavy band on handle. Context: D5 6.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96) 1126 (K1195/P844). Straight-sided alabastron. Fragment from body and base with one handle attachment. H. 6.25; est. d. 11.0. FB (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 5YR 6/8, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/8). Band on shoulder and base; paint on handle attachment. Context: D5 6.

1132 (K1277/P907). Large jug. Fragment of upper body with handle; missing most of rim, neck, shoulder and all of body below lower handle attachment. H. 11.9; rim d. 12.0. TB, M (5YR 8/3-7/4, pink; core: 10R 6/6, light red). Pinkish white slip (7.5 YR 8/2). UP. Context: D5 6.

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) 1127 (K1255/P885). Straight-sided alabastron. Two non-joining fragments from shoulder and body. H. (largest sherd). 5.4; w. 5.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Band on upper and lower shoulder enclose facing isolated semicircles (FM 43e); band on lower body. Context: D5 6. Comments: See 341.

Medium jug (FS 110) 1133 (K1280/P910). Medium jug. Fragment of upper body from rim to below shoulder with handle. H. 10.3; rim d. 7.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray; core: 10YR 6/2, light brownish gray). Gray slip (10YR 5/1). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on base of neck; two bands on body (preserved on nonjoining body sherd; not illustrated); solid handle with reserved triangle at junction with rim. Context: D5 6.

1128 (K1199/P848). Straight-sided alabastron. Two non-joining fragments from neck, shoulder and body. H. (largest sherd) 5.2; w. (widest sherd) 6.1. FB (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). Red 123

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1134 (K1261/P891). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 3.3; est. rim d. 7.0. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Very dark gray paint (7.5YR N3/). IN: narrow band on rim. EX: narrow band on rim; band on neck. Context: D5 7.

Context: D5 6. Comments: For an UP example from Mycenae, see French 2011 CD: 395-396, no.64-506, dated to LH IIIC Early. 1140 (K1289/P919). Hydria. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim, body, base, lower two thirds of vertical handle, one horizontal handle. Est. h. 22.8; est. max. d. 29.4; est. rim d. 10.0. FB, M (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D5 6. Comments: For a hydria from a house at Prosymna with a similar rim and neck profile, perhaps dating to LH IIIC, see Blegen 1937: 15-16, fig. 16.

1135 (K1262/P892). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.2; w. 5.3. FB, M (2.5YR 6/8, light red; core: 2.5YR 5/6, red). Light red slip (2.5YR 6/8). Red paint (10R 5/6). IN: thick line rim. EX: band on rim. Context: D5 7. 1136 (K1287/P917). Medium jug. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 2.5; w. 2.1. FB, SM (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D5 7.

1141 (K1286/P916). Hydria. Fragment of body with one horizontal handle. H. 15.6; w. 24.5. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). Band; curved line with dashes inside, perhaps loop from antithetic spiral (cf. FM 50.23); two bands below level of handle attachments; loops on upper edge of handle attachments; blob on top of handle. Two firing holes above each handle attachment. Context: D5 6.

Small jug (FS 115) 1137 (K1281/P911). Small jug. Joining and non-joining fragments from neck, body and base. H. (largest sherd) 9.9; w. 11.8. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: D5 6. Comments: The drawing represents a provisional reconstruction of the shape and proportions.

Small stirrup jar, type indeterminate 1142 (K1223/P856). Stirrup jar. Fragment from shoulder, with one lower handle attachment and curved edge of opening for attachment of spout. H. 4.4; w. 7.6. FB, SM (5YR 7/1, light gray; core: 5YR 6/1, gray). White slip (10YR 8/1). Black paint (7.5YR N2/). Parallel chevrons (FM 58.15) with row of dots along one edge, on shoulder; band and line group; loop of paint around base of handle; paint on handle; loop around base of spout. Context: D5 7.

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) 1138 (K1263/P893). Neck-handled jug. Fragment from rim to shoulder. H. 11.2; rim d. 9.3. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). IN: thick line on rim. EX: band on rim; band on upper neck; band on base of neck; paneled zigzags (FM 75.38) on shoulder; band below lower handle attachment (visible in photograph); two bands on handle with reserved triangle at junction with neck. Context: D5 6. Comments: For a paneled pattern on a neck-handled jug from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: fig. 8.24.442, pl. 39d, dated to LH IIIC (= Mountjoy 1999a: 914, no. 127, fig. 371.127, dated to LH IIIC Early).

UID large closed vase 1143 (K1273/P903). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.5; est. rim d. 13.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/3, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). UP. Context: D5 6. 1144 (K1276/P906). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 8.2; est. rim d. 11.0. FB (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10R 6/6, light red). Reddish yellow slip (5YR 7/6). UP. Context: D5 6, D5 7.

Hydria (FS 128) 1139 (K1288/P918). Hydria. Joining and non-joining fragments of rim, body, base, vertical handle, attachments from one horizontal handle. Est. h. 38.0; est. base d. 12.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Uneven narrow band on base; otherwise UP.

1145 (K1274/P904). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 4.9; rim d. 6.0. TB (2.5Y 8/2, white). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). UP. 124

Main occupation phase contexts and pottery

Context: D5 6.

7/6, reddish yellow; core: 5YR 8/4, pink). White slip (10YR 8/2). Three bands on lower body; band on base. Context: D5 7.

1146 (K1275/P905). UID large closed vase. Fragment of rim and neck. H 2.8; w. 9.2; est. rim d. 18.0. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/2, pinkish gray). Pinkish gray slip (7.5YR 7/2). UP. Context: D5 6.

1154 (K1266/P896). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.6; base d. 9.0. FB, SM (2.5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 2.5YR 6/6, light red). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). UP. Context: D5 6.

1147 (K1271/P901). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.6; est. base d. 7.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/3, pink). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D5 6. 1148 (K1272/P902). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 5.2; base d. 13.0. FB, M, marble inclusions (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). UP. Context: D5 6.

1155 (K1269/P899). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 3.2; base d. 5.7. TB, M (5YR 6/6, reddish yellow). Pale red slip (2.5YR 6/2). UP. Context: D5 6. Comments: The fragment preserves traces of secondary burning on the IN and EX.

1149 (K1268/P898). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.6; est. base d. 9.0. FB (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 2.5YR 6/8, light red). Pink slip (5YR 8/3). UP. Context: D5 6.

1156 (K1270/P900). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 1.6; w. 2.9. FB, SM (5YR 7/6, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 7/2, light gray). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). UP. Context: D5 6.

1150 (K1278/P908). UID large closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 4.3; base d. 10.8. FB, SM, marble inclusions (7.5YR 8/6, reddish yellow; core: 7.5YR N8/, white). Light gray slip (10YR 7/1). UP. Context: D5 6. Comments: The fragment preserves traces of secondary burning on the IN and EX.

1157 (K1267/P897). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.5; base d. 4.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D5 6. UID small closed vase 1158 (K1196/P845). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 5.1; base d. 4.8. FB, marble inclusions (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 5YR 7/1, light gray). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired dark brown to red (7.5YR 4/2-2.5YR 4/6). Monochrome. Context: D5 6.

1151 (K1194/P843). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 11.0; w. 13.25. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired dark reddish brown to yellowish red (5YR 2.5/2-5/8). Three bands; stemmed spiral (FM 51) next to curved paneled zigzag (FM 75.22). Context: D5 5.

1159 (K1282/P912). UID small closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.6; est. base d. 6.5. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 6/2, pinkish gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). UP. Context: D5 7.

1152 (K1279/P909). UID large closed vase. Non-joining body sherds. H. (largest sherd) 11.1; w. 11.4. CR (2.5YR 5/8, red; core: 10YR 4/1, dark gray). Pink slip (7.5 YR 8/4). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Groups of bands on shoulder and belly. Context: D5 6, D5 7. Comments: This vase, along with 260, perhaps a ringbased krater, are the only CR ware specimens in the assemblage covered with a light slip and painted; the others lack a slip or are self-slipped.

1160 (K1228/P861). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 2.5; w. 2.1. FB (5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43h or FM 43.34). Context: D5 7. 1161 (K1203/P852). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 10.3; w. 11.7. FB, SM (7.5YR 8/2, pinkish white; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (5YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR

UID medium closed vase 1153 (K1265/P895). UID medium closed vase. Fragment of lower body and base. H. 2.6; w. 5.25. FB, SM (5YR 125

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

3/2). Running spirals (FM 46.59); two bands; thin, uneven line between the bands. Context: D5 7.

1167 (K1258/P888). UID small closed vase. Body sherd from shoulder and belly with lower handle attachment. H. 4.45; w. 7.5. FB, SM (7.5 YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired black, reddish yellow, and red (7.5YR N2/, 7.5YR 6/8, 2.5YR 5/8). Three uneven vertical lines on shoulder, perhaps from paneled or triglyph pattern; band on level of handle attachment; band below belly. Context: D5 6.

1162 (K1206/P855). UID small closed vase. Body sherd with possible lower handle attachment. H. 6.4; w. 10.9. FB, SM (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Very dusky red (2.5YR 2.5/2). Paint below possible handle attachment, perhaps from a band; two bands on body; running spiral with double tangent line (FM 46). Context: D5 7.

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) 1168 (K1253/P883). Straight-sided lid. Body sherd from top. H. 3.5; w. 5.05. FB, SM (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired red to very dusky red (10R 5/8-2.5YR 2.5/2). Two concentric bands. Context: D5 6. Comments: See 621 and 622.

1163 (K1193/P842). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 4.8; w. 5.25. FB, M (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR N8/, white). Pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Paint fired dark brown to yellowish red (7.5YR 3/2-5YR 5/8). Running or stemmed spiral (FM 46 or 51). Context: D5 5. 1164 (K1240/P873). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 2.4; w. 3.2. FB, SM (5YR 7/1, light gray; core: 10YR 8/1, white). Light gray slip (10YR 7/2). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). Band; linked quirk (FM 48.5). Context: D5 6.

Terracotta bovid figure 1169 (K89/TC19/PM2088). Bovid figure. Solid right front leg with modeled hock; broken at top and toe; heel preserved, below hock. H. 6.7; w. 2.9. FB (5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Paint fired dark reddish brown to red (5YR 3/42.5YR 4/6). Two vertical lines from top of leg to bottom along outer edge. Context: D5 5. Comments: The smoothed, slightly concave top of the fragment shows that it was modeled separately and attached to the curved underside of the animal. On the manufacture of large bovid figures from the shrine at Phylakopi, see French 1985: 240. For similar modeling and decoration on a large figure from the Amyklaion, Laconia, see Guggisberg 1996: 54, no. 156, pl. 10.1.2, probably dating to LH IIIC Advanced. I am grateful to J. Earle for the drawing.

1165 (K1225/P858). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.35; w. 4.3. FB, SM (7.5YR 7/4, pink; core: 7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Paint fired black to dark brown (7.5YR N2/-3/4). Two bands enclose wavy line (FM 53.17). Context: D5 7. 1166 (K1227/P860). UID small closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.7; w. 4.0. FB, SM (5YR 7/4, pink). Pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2). Edge of band or line; solid incurved triangle; three narrow bands. Context: D5 7. Comments: The painted motif is UID but might come from a type of floral chain cf. FM 11.20.

126

Chapter 3

Reoccupation phase contexts and pottery

and 5.4). Many have hollow rims. The decoration is sparse, confined almost exclusively to lines, bands, spirals, and tassels. Some of the possible tassels are distinctive, composed of two parallel curved lines (1178-1180, 1192, 1193), like several from Lefkandi, Phase 3 (Popham et al. 2006: pl. 44.5, 6). Since the amounts of pottery were small, the entire corpus is published here, comprised of 32 ceramic specimens, presented in the same order and format as the pottery from the main occupation phase (Chapter 2).

Contexts and Stratigraphy In several areas of the of the Koukounaries Hill acropolis, specifically squares C1, D1, and E1, and the squares directly to the north, B1/B2 (baulk), B2, C2, E2 and D3, small amounts of Mycenaean ceramics were found in strata that were clearly separate from and later than those associated with the main occupation phase of the Mycenaean building complex (Schilardi 2016: fig. 23). In some areas the pottery was found immediately below the surface, in the first strata which contained cultural remains (C1 1-2, C1/D1 baulk 1, D1 1-2, B2 1, C2 2, E2 1). Elsewhere, it was found stratified between the destruction level of the main Mycenaean phase and levels containing Protogeometric pottery (E1 2, E1 3, baulk B1/B2 5, C2 2, D3 2).

OPEN SHAPES Deep bowl (FS 284) 1170 (K386/P52/PM2223). Deep bowl. Fragment of body with approximately half of rim, one handle, one non-joining handle, and one non-joining rim sherd. H. 9.8; rim d. 15.0. TB, marble inclusions (5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Black slip (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Surface smoothed before firing. Context: D3, north of E-W Corridor. Comments: For a parallel from Asine, see Frödin and Persson 1938: fig. 208.2 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 188, no. 447, fig. 58.447, dated to LH IIIC Late). For an example from Kamini, Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 443, no. 1813, fig. 30.1813, pl. 87.1813 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 959, no. 69, fig. 391.69, dated to LH IIIC Advanced). Publication: Schilardi 1984: 204, fig. 10b.

In square C2, stratum 2, several fragments were found in association with a wall that was constructed to block access to the staircase located inside the building’s west entrance. This wall ran in front of the two parallel walls that had originally formed the sides of the staircase (Figure 6; a piece of the wall is visible on the left, in front of the staircase’s east wall). Another group of ceramics was found at the bottom of a small pit excavated in the baulk between squares B1 and B2 (see Figure 1). The pit was dug during the Proto-geometric era, to judge from the Proto-geometric pottery found inside, that had reached a habitation level containing Mycenaean pottery.

1171 (K387/P53/PM2222). Deep bowl. Fragment with rim, body, one handle (second handle restored in drawing), four non-joining body sherds. H. 10.4; rim d. 15.0 TB, marble inclusions (2.5YR 6/6, light red; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Black slip (5YR 2.5/1). Monochrome IN and EX. Surface smoothed before firing. Context: D3, north of E-W corridor. Comments: See 1170.

Based on their contexts, it appears that these ceramics derive from a limited reoccupation on the hill, after the building’s main destruction (see also Chapters 4.4 and 5.4). The re-use of the building is perhaps best illustrated by the blocked staircase in square C2, noted above (Figure 6). With its staircase now burned and the upper floor collapsed, clogging the East-West Corridor, an area just inside the west entrance was cleared for occupation.

1172 (K1865/P1472). Deep bowl. Fragment of rim, body, one handle. H. 5.6; w. 6.7. TB, marble inclusions (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very dark gray slip (5YR 3/1). IN: monochrome. EX: monochrome with reserved area between handle attachments. Context: C2 2.

The Mycenaean pottery from these contexts differs from the main occupation phase pottery in the distribution of shapes, the wares, profiles, and decoration (see Chapter 4.4 and 4.5). Most of the ceramics come from large, closed vases and nearly all are made in White Ware (WW; on White Ware, see Popham et al. 2006: 175-176; also, Chapters 1 127

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Hood 1982: 590, no. 2746, fig. 265.2746, pl. 120.2746 (= Mountjoy 1999,1155, no. 18, fig. 474.18). See also Chapter 2, no. 1116.

Comments: For the reserved area between the handles on deep bowls, see Chapter 2, no. 124. One-handled conical bowl (FS 242)

1177 (K1810/P1416). Ring based krater. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 8.2; est. rim d. 33.0. WW (5YR 7/3, pink; core: 5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (10R 3/6). IN: band on rim; two bands on body. EX: two thick lines on upper surface of rim; narrow band on rim; two bands on body; curved diagonal line. Context: B1/B2 5, ash pit. Comments: The curved diagonal line on the body is probably from a running spiral; see 1176.

1173 (K787/P485). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 4.4; w. 3.7. FB (5YR 5/6, yellowish red; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow) Yellowish red paint (5YR 4/6). IN: monochrome. EX: narrow band on rim. Context: C1 1. Comments: For similar profile and surface treatment on a bowl from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 269, no. 146, pl. 77β.146 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 598, no. 465, fig. 222.465, dated to LH IIIC Middle). For an example from Lefkandi, Phase 3, see Popham et al. 2006: 176, fig. 2.13.2 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 251.1, dated to LH IIIC Late).

CLOSED SHAPES Neck-handled amphora (FS 70)

1174 (K789/P487). One-handled conical bowl. Fragment of rim and body. H. 3.0; w. 3.3. FB (5YR 6/8, reddish yellow; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: band on rim; band. EX: narrow band on rim. Context: C1 1.

1178 (K81/P1434). Neck-handled amphora. Fragment from rim to shoulder, with both handles; two non-joining body sherds. H. 17.1; rim d. 15.4. WW (2.5Y 8/2, white). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Very dark grayish brown paint (10YR 3/2). IN: narrow band on rim; wider band. EX: band on rim; band on base of neck; curvilinear motif on shoulder; doubletipped loop around base of handles; long vertical cross on handles. Context: B1/B2 5, ash pit. Comments: For the elongated hollow rim profile and decoration on an amphora from Lefkandi, Phase 3, see Popham et al. 2006, 179, fig. 2.14.1 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 239.3; Mountjoy 1999a: 721, no. 91, fig. 277.91, dated to LH IIIC Late). It is not possible to reconstruct the full shoulder motif, though perhaps it is a kind of spiral. Similar motifs occur at Lefkandi, Phase 3; see e.g., Popham et al. 2006: pl. 44.5, 6. For a possible parallel on an LH IIIC Late hydria from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 76.1.

Ring-based krater (FS 282) 1175 (K757/P462). Ring based krater. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 4.4; est. rim d. 32.0. TB (5YR 5/8, yellowish red; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: C1 1. 1176 (K1369/P959). Ring based krater. Fragment of rim and upper body. H. 7.5; est. rim d. 31.0. WW (10YR 8/3, very pale brown). Very pale brown slip, 10YR 8/3. Dusky red paint on IN (2.5YR 3/2); red paint on EX (2.5YR 4/6). IN: band on rim; two bands below. EX: two thick lines on upper surface of rim; band on rim; two bands on body; open-centered running spiral (FM 46.58). Context: E2 3. Comments: All the following parallels date to LH IIIC Late. For a krater from Asine with similar rim profile and banded decoration on the IN and EX, see Frödin and Persson 1938: 300-301, no. 5, fig. 207.5 (= Mountjoy 1999a: 188, no. 437, fig. 57.437). For a krater from the Granary at Mycenae with similar profile and banded decoration on the upper surface of rim, see Wace 1921-23: 50, fig. 12b (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 253; Mountjoy 1999a: 188, no. 438, fig. 57.438). For the profile and spiral decoration on a krater from Lefkandi, Phase 2b, see Popham et al. 2006: 172, fig. 2.12.6, pl.51.5 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 226.2; Mountjoy 1999a: 720, no. 88, fig. 276.88). For the the upper rim surface and spiral on a krater from Chios, see

1179 (K1621P/P1211). Neck-handled amphora. Fragment from rim to shoulder, one non-joining rim and two body sherds. H. 11.6; rim d. 14.6. WW (5YR 6/1, gray; core: 5YR 7/2, pinkish gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). Very dark gray paint (10YR 3/1). IN: thick line and band on rim. EX: thick line on rim; band on base of neck; band on body; two close-set, curved, tapering lines. Context: D1 1. Comments: It is not possible to reconstruct the patterned motif with any certainty. While clearly curvilinear, it could be from a spiral, scroll, or handle hooks; cf. Mountjoy 2009: fig. 3.5,9. 1180 (K1631/P1221). Neck-handled amphora. Large fragment from base of neck to lower body with lower half of one handle (second handle restored 128

Reoccupation phase contexts and pottery

in drawing). H. to top of handle: 30.0; h. to base of neck 25.3; max d. 36.8. WW (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 2.5Y 7/4, pale yellow). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 2.5/2, 2.5YR 3/4). Band on base of neck; double lined curvilinear motif on shoulder; three bands below; two bands on lower body; loop around base of handle ending in antithetic hooks; crossing bands on handle, from elongated cross. Two firing holes near base of handle. Context: C1/D1 1. Comments: For the loop ending in antithetic hooks around the base of the handle on a hydria from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 398, fig. 79e (= Mountjoy 1999a: 589, no. 434, fig. 218.434, dated to LH IIIC Middle). On a hydria from Perati, see Iakovidis 1969: 205, no. 727, pl. 61γ (= Mountjoy 587, no. 428, fig. 218.428, dated to LH IIIC Middle). Mountjoy (2009: 291) now thinks these vases might date to LH IIIC Late. For the shoulder pattern and handle cross, see 1178.

8/2, white; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (5YR 2.5/1). IN: band on rim. EX: band on rim. Context: C1 1. Comments: This specimen has a notably hollow rim IN; see Chapters 4.4 and 5.4. 1185 (K1640/P1230). Large jug or amphora. Fragment from base of neck and shoulder. H. 3.8; max. pr. w. 5.6. WW (2.5Y 7/2, light gray). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/4). Band on junction of neck and shoulder. Context: C1/D1 1. 1186 (K1638/P1228). Large jug or amphora. Fragment from base of neck and shoulder. H. 4.1; max. pr. w. 8.85. WW (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 2.5Y 7/2, light gray). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Dark grayish brown paint (10YR 4/2). Two close-set bands at junction of neck and shoulder. Context: D1 5. 1187 (K1639/P1229). Large jug or amphora. Fragment of neck and shoulder. H. 3.7; w. 4.5. WW (10YR 7/3, very pale brown; core: 7.5YR 7/6, reddish yellow). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). Band on junction of neck and shoulder; curved band. Context: C1 4. Comments: The curved band probably derives from a kind of tassel pattern; see 1178 and 1180.

Belly-handled amphora (FS 58) 1181 (K1038/P732). Belly-handled amphora. Body sherd with half of one horizontal handle. H. 12.0; w. 8.9. WW (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 7/3, pink). White slip (10YR 8/2). Paint shaded dark reddish brown to red (5YR 3/3-2.5YR 4/8). Band above handle; spiral on belly; three bands below. Context: E1 2. Comments: The spiral is probably from a zone of running spirals, FM 46.59.

1188 (K1641/P1231). Large jug or amphora. Fragment of neck and shoulder. H. 4.2; w. 4.5. WW (2.5Y 8/4, pale yellow; core: 2.5Y 8/2, white). Pale yellow slip (2.5Y 8/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Band on base of neck. Context: C1 1.

Large jug or amphora (FS 106 or 70) 1182 (K1632/P1222). Large jug or amphora. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.75; est. rim d. 14.0. WW (2.5 YR N5/, gray; core: 10R 5/6, red; 5YR 6/1, gray). White slip (5Y 8/2). Dark brown paint (7.5YR 3/2). IN: narrow band on rim; wider band. EX: thick line on rim. Context: C1 1. Comments: For the rim profile and IN decoration, see 1178.

UID large closed vase 1189 (K1040/P734). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.65; w. 7.15. TB, SM (10YR 8/4, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/1, light gray). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Large opencentered spiral; part of second. Context: E1 2. Comments: There appear to be two closely placed spirals. For a krater with open-centered spirals from Lefkandi, Phase 2b, see Popham et al. 2006: 172, fig. 2.12.6, pl. 51.5 (= Mountjoy 1986: fig. 226.2, dated to LH IIIC Middle; Mountjoy 1999a: 720, no. 88, fig. 276.88, dated to LH IIIC Late). See 1176; also Chapter 2, 1116.

1183 (K1633/P1223). Large jug or amphora. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 5.45; est. rim d. 12.0. WW (10YR 8/2, white; core: 2.5Y 7/2, light gray). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark brown paint (10YR 4/3). IN: narrow band on rim; wider band. EX: narrow band on rim; wider band. Context: C1 1. Comments: For the rim profile and IN decoration, see 1178.

1190 (K1642/P1232). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 5.45; w. 7.6. WW (10YR 7/4, very pale brown; core: 10R 6/6, light red). White slip (10YR 8/2).

1184 (K1634/P1224). Large jug or amphora. Fragment of rim and neck. H. 6.1; est. rim d. 11.5. WW (2.5Y 129

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Strong brown paint (7.5YR 4/6). Running spiral (FM 46.59). Context: D1 2.

1196 (K1893/P1500). UID large closed vase. H. 7.7; w. 7.2. WW (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). White slip (10YR 8/2). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Three parallel curved bands. Context: C2 2.

1191 (K1643/P1233). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 6.95; w. 7. WW (5YR 6/4, light reddish brown; core: 5Y 6/1, gray). Pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Curved band; three bands, below. Context: D1 1. Comments: For the motif, see 1178 and 1180.

1197 (K1647/P1237). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.4; w. 5.2. WW (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Dark reddish brown paint (5YR 3/2). Three bands. Context: D1 south 5.

1192 (K1646/P1236). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 4.9; w. 5.8. WW (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 7/2, light gray). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Two converging, curved bands; two bands, below. Context: C1/D1 1. Comments: For the motif, see 1178 and 1180.

1198 (K1650/P1240). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 6.4; w. 6.2. WW (2.5Y 8/2, white). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Red paint (2.5YR 5/6). Three bands. Context: D1 6. 1199 (K1651/P1241). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 4.9; w. 4.35. WW (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 5Y 8/2, white). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Red paint (2.5YR 4/6). Four uneven bands. Context: C1/D1 1.

1193 (K1648/P1238). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 3.0; w. 3.0. WW (7.5YR 7/2, pinkish gray; core: 5YR 6/4, light reddish brown). White slip (5Y 8/2). Black paint (2.5Y N2/). Band; two parallel curved bands. Context: D1 1. Comments: For the motif, see 1178 and 1180.

1200 (K1652/P1242). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 7.2; w. 6.2. WW (2.5Y 8/2, white; core: 5Y 7/3, pale yellow). Very dark brown paint (10YR 2/2). White slip (2.5Y 8/2). Three bands. Context: C1 1.

1194 (K1645/P1235). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 4.4; w. 7.3. WW (5Y 8/2, white; core: 5YR 7/4, pink). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Black paint (10YR 2/1). Curved band. Context: D1 3. Comments: For the motif, see 1178 and 1180.

UID medium closed vase 1201 (K1135/P829). UID medium closed vase. Body sherd. H. 4.2; w. 4.3. TB, SM (7.5YR 8/4, pink; core: 5YR 5/8, yellowish red). Very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Dark red paint (2.5YR 3/6). Triglyph pattern with wavy border (FM 75.2). Context: E1 3. Comments: For similarly decorated sherds from Lefkandi, Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: pl. 30.5, 13.

1195 (K1644/P1234). UID large closed vase. Body sherd. H. 5.5; w. 4.0. WW (10YR 8/3, very pale brown; core: 10YR 8/3, very pale brown). White slip (5Y 8/2). Black paint (2.5Y N2/). Two paint drops; three bands. Context: C1 2.

130

Chapter 4

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

while monochrome is rarely used for closed vases, it is the predominant surface treatment for the kylix and deep bowl in all phases of LH IIIC (Mountjoy 2007b: 344). Furthermore, it seems that during the local Phase 2a, red monochrome was slightly favored over black (Mountjoy 1985: 151, table 5.3), whereas in local Phases 2b to 3c the reverse is true, with black monochrome deep bowls outnumbering red ones, although the monochrome red kylix continues to slightly outnumber the black (Mountjoy 1985: 151, 161, 170-172, tables 5.3 and 5.5). At Lefkandi, monochrome deep bowls predominate over pattern and linear painted ones in all phases (Popham et al. 2006: 145, 155, 166, 188; for their continuation into Phase 3, see below). Interestingly, at Lefkandi, the kylix is rare in general, compared with cups and one-handled conical bowls, although the monochrome version is attested (Popham et al. 2006: 184). Similarly, at Tiryns, the monochrome kylix is rare (Podzuweit 2007: 106107), but the monochrome deep bowl is common, beginning in LH IIIB, increasing dramatically in LH IIIC Developed, and continuing into LH IIIC Late (Podzuweit 2007: 54-55, appendices 16-17, 34-36).

4.1 Introduction This chapter is intended to provide a synthetic but detailed examination of the shapes, decorative systems, and motifs that occur in this ceramic assemblage, beginning with the pottery from the main occupation phase (4.3), followed by the pottery from the reoccupation phase (4.4). At the end, is a brief discussion of the internal distribution patterns of the pottery from the main occupation phase, based on the statistics cited in Appendix 2, as a starting point for understanding the use and function of spaces (4.5). While the shapes are presented in the same order as in Chapters 2 and 3, they are also grouped here by broader functionally or morphologically related categories, as explained in brief introductions. Introductory comments include information on the history of each shape and its frequency and distribution in the Koukounaries Hill assemblage and elsewhere in the Aegean. For the main occupation phase, frequencies are based on the statistical data compiled for Appendices 2a-g. Comparisons are also drawn primarily from habitation sites whose assemblages are most thoroughly published and are closest in date and nature to the Koukounaries pottery: Tiryns (Poduweit 2007; Stockhammer 2007); Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006), and Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1985, 1999, 2007b).

A similar use of monochrome is attested in the ceramic assemblage from the Koukounaries Hill. The only closed shapes which preserve enough to determine that they were decorated monochrome are the straight-sided alabastron (344, 846, 852, 1022) and its composite version (357), both with parallels at Phylakopi (cited under Comments in Chapter 2) and single examples of the amphoriskos (694), small jug (588), and lekythos (404). Some of these also have a band on the rim interior (357), or a band on the rim interior and reserved exterior areas on the rim and base (344, possibly 846), or a perhaps a reserved lower body (404, missing its neck).

Detailed comments follow on the morphology and surface treatment of each shape. Diagnostic features which are pertinent to the dating of this assemblage are identified, notably rim and base profiles (see also Chapter 5.4). The decorative vocabulary employed by the painters is then discussed. The correlation between the decoration and shape of Group A deep bowls and of large collar-necked jars is also summarized in tables following the discussion of the shape.

At the Koukounaries site, the kylix and deep bowl are the most frequent of all shapes, regardless of their surface treatment (see Appendices 2a-g, 3a-g). Out of the 19,995 sherds counted and processed, 3,250 were from kylikes and 4,209 were from deep bowls. Of these, at least 229 kylikes were painted monochrome black and at least 244 were painted monochrome red. An additional 11 were painted with a black interior and red exterior and six were painted with a red interior and a black exterior. Clearly, however, monochrome black was preferred for deep bowls, with 864 painted black and 199 painted red; two were painted a shaded red to brown. There are also 15 deep bowls painted

4.2 Surface Treatments Monochrome One of the hallmarks of LH IIIC pottery throughout the Aegean is the sharp increase in the use of a solid colored, or monochrome, slip, especially during LH IIIC Middle, and especially for open shapes which are by definition, monochrome on the interior and exterior (Desborough 1966: 11; French 2007: 176; Furumark 1941a: 427-429; Mountjoy 2007a: 221-224). At Phylakopi, 131

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

see also Stockhammer 2009; Thomatos 2006). Though it is possible that 727 was an antique LH IIIB:1 kylix (see 727 Comments and discussion in Chapter 5.3).

with a black interior and red exterior (Appendix 3g; see Appendices 3a-f for cataloged examples, cited with each category of surface treatment). Another seven deep bowls were painted monochrome with a reserved lip line on the interior: three are black; two are red; two are brown (see below and Appendix 3g; see Chapter 5.4, for their chronological significance).

Mention must also be made of the two vases with pictorial decoration, another hallmark of LH IIIC Middle (Crouwel 2006; Crouwel 2007). On 540, a stemmed krater, a long-eared, long-tailed biped creature runs headlong into a whorl-shell. While on 970, a low-stemmed cup, a male is depicted playing a lyre which, though not preserved, may be inferred from the figure’s hand position (Koehl 2018a: 438-439).

A distinct bichrome coloration, as opposed to a shaded slip, was clearly intended for two vases: a kylix, 458, and stemmed bowl, 530. Patterned

Linear

Nearly every open and closed shape can be decorated with a pattern or motif, besides the few which have only linear decoration (see below, Linear), or which are consistently unpainted (see below, Unpainted). Patterned motifs, including wavy bands, were painted freehand and placed in zones defined by bands, often on the shoulder or upper body. This is especially true of closed shapes, though on some open shapes, such as the deep bowl and krater, the patterned zone can predominate.

Beginning in LH IIIA:1 and continuing into LH IIIC, bands and lines of varying thicknesses, arranged in various groupings, are a typical feature of Mycenaean painted pottery (in general, see Mountjoy 1986: 135; for LH IIIC Developed, see Mountjoy 2007a: 221-222; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 214-216; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 151; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 344). To judge from their even widths and crisp edges, bands and lines were undoubtedly painted while the vase was turning on the wheel (Furumark 1941a: 14-15). While bands were commonly used to define zones filled with motifs, the vases classified here as linear are devoid of motifs. Rather, on closed shapes, especially jugs, linear decoration seems to have been applied tectonically, emphasizing the structural parts of the vase, with a band on the rim, one at the base of the neck, several on the body, often at the point of widest diameter, and one on or just above the base. Pottery classified here as linear also includes open shapes with monochrome interiors and linear exteriors, as often found on kylikes, low-stemmed cups, deep bowls, handleless medium band bowls, handleless conical bowls, and kalathoi. Some open shapes were painted exclusively with linear decoration, such as the spouted basin, whereas others, such as the deep semiglobular cup and straight-sided lid, were decorated predominately with bands and lines and rarely motifs. Of course, the classification of a vase as linear is to some degree dependent on its preservation, since the lower or upper part of a vase might preserve only lines while the missing parts could have had motifs. Thus, a shape which almost always has motifs on the shoulder and linear decoration, such as the straight-sided alabastron or stirrup jar, is excluded from this category, when only linear fragments are preserved, since it is assumed to have also had motifs or patterns.

Furthermore, it seems that there are no motifs or patterns which were exclusive to any one specific shape, nor to open or closed shapes in general. Thus, while the unvoluted flower may occur frequently on the shoulder of stirrup jars, it is not exclusive to that shape. It should also be noted that of the 4,209 sherds identified as coming from deep bowls (see Appendix 2ag), only 528 preserve patterns (Appendix 3a-g). Yet, this kind of statistic can be misleading. For example, while every krater was surely decorated, the rims, handles and undecorated body sherds are usually recognizable, and thus if counted, would skew the proportions of decorated kraters (see also Podzuweit 2007: 20-21). Like the LH IIIC Middle pottery from other locales, the decorative vocabulary of the pottery from the Koukounaries Hill building was dominated by the spiral in all its variations- running, stemmed, antithetic, isolated- and was adapted to nearly every shape that was decorated with patterns, including the discs of stirrup jars (French 2007: 176; Mountjoy 1999a: 49). The spiral was followed, in approximately equal numbers, by semicircles, frequently concentric, wavy bands, zigzags, parallel chevrons, lozenges, bivalves, triglyphs, whorl-shells, and diaper nets, especially on the shoulders of alabastra. The popularity of the whorl-shell, a motif that was common on Mycenaean ceramics during LH IIIA and IIIB, but rare in LH IIIC Middle outside of the Koukounaries assemblage, might be understood as an archaizing element and part of a general wave of nostalgia for the palatial era that permeates the material culture here and elsewhere at this time (Koehl 2018a; also discussed in Chapter 5.3;

Unpainted (UP) A significant proportion of the ceramic assemblage from the Koukounaries Hill is comprised of unpainted (UP) Fine Buff (FB) and Tempered Buff (TB) pottery. The open shapes, which occur more frequently UP than 132

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

closed shapes, are invariably covered with a thick slip, made from the same clay as the vase, and often they are polished while leather-hard, i.e. prior to firing. This is especially notable on UP kylikes and shallow angular bowls. Some are also decorated with incised lines or grooves (66, 248, 479), or oblique strokes (253). UP closed shapes are covered with a slip and smoothed, perhaps with a sponge.

14 have linear decoration. Perhaps most surprising is the occurrence of the UP neck-handled, narrow necked jug, a vase that is usually given special treatment (see below). Of the 19 cataloged specimens, 1038 preserves enough for a certain identification; 396 is less certain.

Out of the total of 19,995 ceramic items that comprise the present assemblage, 7,654 are UP. However, since most linear decorated closed vases are largely UP, it is impossible to know whether an UP body sherd from an indeterminate closed vase comes from an UP vase or a linear decorated one. Thus, it is impossible to know the precise proportions of painted to UP pottery (for the UP pottery from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 191-196; Mountjoy 2007b: 357-360). However, reliable statistics can be gleaned from identifiable shapes.

– Large closed UID: 1047, 1048, 1050, 1143-1150. – Medium closed UID: 613-616, 911-914, 926-931, 1057-1062, 1154-1157. – Small closed UID: 959, 1067, 1159.

The remaining cataloged UID UP closed vases have been separated by size as follows:

4.3 Main occupation phase pottery OPEN SHAPES Kylix The term ‘kylix’ has been borrowed widely by Bronze Age scholars from Classical Greek to describe a variety of vessels, originally classified by Furumark under his Form 79: Stemmed Cup (Furumark 1941a: 627-633). Furumark’s classification included several varieties of two-handled, high-stemmed vessels and one singlehandled, low stemmed vessel (see e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: 1228-1229).1 In the present study, however, only the two-handled, high-stemmed version is classified as a kylix. Following Furumark (1941a: 631), the singlehandled, low-stemmed variety, FS 267, is classified here as a low-stemmed cup since in the present work, a cup is defined as an open shape with a single, vertical handle (see below).

Other than a shallow angular cup, 90, and a handleless collar-necked bowl, 253, all UP shapes also occur in a painted version (on the range of UP LH IIIC shapes, see Mountjoy 1993: 92-97, figs. 253-261). The most commonly occurring UP shape is the low-stemmed cup, followed by the kylix. Of the 689 counted examples of the low-stemmed cup, 639, or 93%, were UP (Appendix 3g); 29 decorated ones were cataloged versus 22 UP (Appendix 3a-f). Of the 3,250 counted examples of kylikes, 1,867, or 58%, were UP (Appendix 3g); 98 decorated ones were cataloged versus 20 UP (Appendices 3a-f). Of the 35 shallow angular bowls that were counted, of which 8 were cataloged (Appendix 2af), only 250 was painted; all the others are UP. Dippers are also normally UP; of the 200 counted specimens, five were painted with dots on the rim (Appendix 2a-f). Of the 28 specimens identified as basins, 21 were UP, of which 13 were cataloged; all seven painted fragments were cataloged (Appendix 2a-f). Finally, one kalathos was UP, 687, whereas the other ten were painted.

Thus, according to the definition adopted here, the kylix has a wide mouth, two vertical handles attached on opposite sides of the rim and shoulder, and an upper body or bowl which tapers to a tall, narrow, cylindrical stem, resting on a round base with a central depression on the underside. The kylix is separated here into four variants based on the shape of the upper body or bowl: rounded (FS 258); conical (FS 274); rounded/conical (FS 258/274); carinated (FS 267/274). The rounded/conical is the commonest of the three, and may be a Cycladic development, as it otherwise occurs currently only at Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1999a: 918; Mountjoy 2007b: 349-350). The rounded kylix is prominent in LH IIIB, whereas the painted conical may have begun in LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 1228; for LH IIIC Middle, see Thomatos 2006: 118-121). The UP conical kylix, FS 274, seems to have begun earlier, in LH IIIB:1, although it is

A total of 6,264 fragments, or 32% of the total of 19,995 counted specimens, come from UID UP closed vases of which 67 vases were cataloged. The most frequent UP closed shape which could be identified confidently is the medium jug. Out of the 33 cataloged specimens, seven were UP: 580-585, 1136. Next in frequency is the large jug. Of the 27 cataloged specimens, eight are UP: 365-369, 373, 375, 376. This is followed by the hydria, although this shape is more difficult to identify from fragments, as noted in the catalog entries. Of the ten cataloged examples, four are UP: 408, 409, 1139, and 1140; the others have linear decoration. Three UP vases have been identified as collar-necked jars out of the 41 cataloged, 306, 307, and 696, though only 696 preserves a nearly complete profile. There is also one example of a rim-handled amphora, 842; the other 14 have linear decoration. Likewise, one small jug is UP, 1137; the other

While the histories, distributions, and quantities of the shapes cited in this chapter are based on the ‘Index of Shapes Illustrated’ in Mountjoy 1999a: 1214-1232, it is acknowledged that the quantities which Mountjoy provides are not intended as complete catalogs, but are a copious representation that certainly reflects relative frequencies of painted ceramics. The discussions of the UP pottery are based on various published reports. 1 

133

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

rare until LH IIIB:2 and LH IIIC (Thomas 2005: 512-513). The angular kylix may be a local, Parian hybrid.

– Monochrome interior and exterior: 2, 8, 9, 962. – Patterned exterior: 17, 727. – Linear exterior/monochrome interior: 3, 10-13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 464, 466, 629, 1077, 1078. – UP: 4-7, 14, 465, 467, 627, 628, 1079, 1080.

As noted in Chapter 1.3, two kylikes, 36 and 475, were made in CR ware. All other kylikes and low-stemmed cups were made in FB ware, covered with a slip, and wiped smooth prior to firing. Of the 118 cataloged kylikes, 20 are UP, while of the 51 cataloged lowstemmed cups, 22 are UP (Appendix 3a-f).

As on the rounded kylix, the exterior line on the rim of linear kylikes is a continuation of their monochrome interiors and on several, it barely appears. What is more variable is the treatment of the lower body which can either be solid, as on 3, or more likely, a band on the foot, as on 464. Kylikes with a monochrome lower body like 3 are known from Rhodes, dated to LH IIIC Early to LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1999a: 1061, fig. 434, no. 234), and Korakou (Mountjoy 1999a: 230, fig. 74, no. 185), dated to LH IIIC Early. Kylikes with a band on the foot like 464 occur at Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1999a: 918, fig. 373, no. 148), although at Phylakopi, the most common surface treatment for the kylix is a monochrome interior and exterior (Mountjoy 1999a: 918; see also Chapter 5.4).

Rounded kylix (FS 258) While none of the eight cataloged examples of rounded kylikes preserves a complete profile, all have a short, slightly everted rim and a convex bowl, whose curve continues toward the stem, e.g., 2. Where preserved, their bowl is generally deeper and more rounded than is the bowl of the ‘hybrid’, rounded conical (FS 258/274; see below). All are painted with a monochrome interior and four have a monochrome or bichrome exterior (458-461); the remaining four have a monochrome interior which continues onto the exterior as an uneven rim line and a band on the top of the handles (462, 463, 625, 626). Otherwise their exterior is UP (Appendix 3a-g). The bichrome specimen, 458, is unique: its bowl is red on the interior and exterior, but its stem is black. This does not appear to have been an accident of firing, but rather an experiment in surface decoration (see also 530, a stemmed bowl).

The only two patterned sherds which could be identified as coming from rounded conical kylikes are 17 and 727. The former has an UP interior and a version of the stemmed spiral, FM 51, on the exterior. The latter has a thick interior rim line and a vertical whorl-shell, FM 23, on the exterior. As suggested in Chapter 2, this fragment may be an antique from LH IIIB:1, when kylikes decorated with this motif were common (see Mountjoy 1986: 95, fig. 141, nos. 1, 6, 7, 12-14, 18), or an example of the ‘archaizing’ strain detected in the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage (see Chapter 5.3).

Nos. 458-463, 625, 626

Nos. 2-19, 464-467, 627-629, 727, 962, 1077-1080

Conical kylix (FS 274)

Angular kylix (FS 267/274)

This variety of kylix is the least common, with three cataloged fragmentary specimens. They are identified by their lipless bowls which taper with a straight, conical profile towards the stem, none of which are preserved. The surface of each is different: 1 has a monochrome interior and a patterned zone of repeated double stem and tongue pattern (FM 19.51); 725 has a monochrome red interior and exterior; 726 is UP. The conical kylix also occurs rarely at Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1999a: 918).

The angular kylix may have been inspired by the popular low-stemmed cup, FS 267, to which a second handle and high stem were added (on the FS 267, see Thomas 2011). Typically, the five cataloged specimens have a vertical upper bowl which tapers either in a sharp or rounded curve to the conical lower bowl. However, the vertical, flaring or concave rim on three specimens, 22, 468, and 469, is exceptionally deep. This trait has also been observed on angular kylikes or lowstemmed cups, from Phylakopi and may be recognized as a distinctively Cycladic characteristic or variant of this shape (Mountjoy 1984: 238; Mountjoy 1985: 152, 192; Mountjoy 2007b: 359-360). On Crete, a hybrid kylix, combining the low-stemmed cup, FS 267, with the conical kylix, FS 274, appears in LM IIIC, though its rim is low in comparison to the Cycladic version (Kanta 2003: 173).

Nos. 1, 725, 726 Rounded conical kylix (FS 258/274) The most common variety of kylix, with 30 cataloged specimens, seems to be a hybridization of the rounded, FS 258 and the conical, FS 274, with its short, everted rim and rounded upper bowl that continues to a rather even, conical lower bowl. The stems are narrow, and the base can be flat or slightly domed, both of which invariably have a small concave depression underneath. The following are the surface treatments:

While three specimens are UP (21, 469, 728), 20 is covered with a monochrome black interior and exterior and 468 has a monochrome interior and UP exterior. 134

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

The painted decoration on 22 is particularly instructive as it seems clearly intended to distinguish the vertical upper body from the incurving lower body by painting a wavy band on the vertical rim and monochrome on the lower body, beginning precisely at the carination.

Greek word ‘kylix’ refers to a two-handled drinking vessel, like the Mycenaean ‘kylikes’ discussed above, whereas cups, as defined here, have a single vertical handle, the FS 267 is thus designated as a low-stemmed cup, following Furumark’s classification of the FS 267 as a ‘low one-handled type’ of Form 79: Stemmed Cup (Furumark 1941a: 631). The shape, however, might ultimately derive from the LH IIB one-handled lowstemmed cup, FS 263, with rounded body and off-set rim, commonly called a goblet (e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: 526, no. 83, fig. 183.83).The present form, with an angular body, begins in LH IIIA:2, and increases in popularity during LH IIIB:1 (Mountjoy 1999a: 1228; Thomas 2011: 297). It remains popular in LH IIIC, though the present assemblage may contain the largest number of extant specimens from a single site of the period (Mountjoy 1999a: 1228; Thomatos 2006: 118-121).

Nos. 20-22, 468, 469, 728 Indeterminate kylix A total of 47 specimens were identified as coming from kylikes but were insufficiently preserved to assign them to a type. A group of stem and base fragments with a wide band around the base (29-31, 630, 731, 732), probably come from rounded conical kylikes which typically have a band on the base, like 464. While the rim profile of 47 resembles the standard deep bowl, its bowl is too shallow and appears to taper, perhaps to a stem. The banding on its interior, however, is unique in this assemblage.

Although the vases classified as FS 267 by Furumark have an angular body, with a tall vertical rim or upper body, and conical or convex-conical lower body, the bodies on the specimens classified here vary from having a sharply defined carination at the shoulder, i.e. at the transition from rim to lower body (painted: 54, 63; UP: 50, 52, 59, 65-67, 469, 478, 636), to a ‘softer’ s-curve, where the rim is more concave and shorter than on the carinated version (painted: 48, 49, 53, 60, 477, 737 (?), 738, 965, 970; UP: 56-58, 64, 479), to a rounded group, which have either a short, out-turned rim (painted: 55; UP: 51) or no rim at all (painted: 61 and 62). Several with particularly deep rims or upper bodies (57, 64-67, 469), seem to belong to a small group of UP low-stemmed cups that also includes examples from Phylakopi and Naxos and might represent a local Cycladic ceramic trait, as discussed above, regarding the angular kylix (Mountjoy 1984: 238; Mountjoy 1985: 92; Mountjoy 2007b: 359-360; Vlachopoulos 2006: 428, no. 1814, fig. 30.1814, pl. 77.1814).

One of the interesting phenomena in this assemblage is the presence of decorative elements which seem to derive from an earlier stage of Mycenaean pottery than that represented by the majority of the assemblage (discussed in Koehl 2018a; Stockhammer 2009; also see Chapter 5.3). This has already been noted for 727, although it is possible that this vase is an actual antique. However, based on their style, it is more likely that the whorl-shells painted on five indeterminate kylikes (38, 46, 729, 736, 963) are imitations of an old motif, rather than relics. Perhaps what is most interesting to note is that, other than two fragments with stemmed spirals, 17 and 471, and one with possible floral motifs, 472, the whorl-shell is the only patterned motif used on the bowls of the kylikes in this assemblage. There are also two kylix stems, 23 and 24, and one body sherd, 635, whose narrow, paneled vertical decoration seems inspired by the so-called LH IIIB:1 ‘Zygouries style’ kylix (Mountjoy 1986: 115). At Phylakopi, a kylix from an LH IIIC context with ‘Zygouries style’ decoration was dated to LH IIIB:1, implying that it was an antique at the time of its final deposition (Mountjoy 1985: 178, no. 170). Whereas another kylix painted in a manner similar to the Zygouries style was dated to LH IIIC (Mountjoy 2007b: 350). Again, these might be explained as ‘archaisms’ (discussed in Chapter 5.3).

Otherwise, all versions have the same morphological features: a low concave stem, single vertical strap or ovoid handle from the rim to shoulder, and a domed base. Their dimensions are also consistent. Based on a comparison of intact and restorable vases, the lowstemmed cup measures on average about one third the height of the kylix, and about one third of its rim diameter. As noted, the low-stemmed cup occurs in a painted and UP version. Although 22 of the 51 cataloged specimens are UP, the percentage of UP to painted based on the sherd counts jumps to 93% (Appendix 3a-g). While the UP versions are self-slipped and polished, like the UP kylix, one specimen, 479, is also decorated with two incised grooves on the shoulder (for a parallel from Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 359-360). All painted low-stemmed cups have a monochrome interior with approximately the same number of black and red

Nos. 23-47, 470-476, 630-635, 729-736, 963, 964 Cup Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) The low-stemmed cup, FS 267, is commonly classified as a type of kylix (e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: 1228; Thomas 2011). However, as noted above, because the Classical 135

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

specimens; a few were painted brown (Appendix 3ag). Several also have a monochrome exterior, in both black (75, 739) and red (74, 76, 740), along with several monochrome red sherds. All the others, however, have a line or band on the rim (missing in a few cases, e.g., 49), a band on the handle, or two thick lines along its edges, and a band or solid paint on the foot (Appendices 3a-g). As noted above, this is also the most common decorative system for the rounded conical kylix. A similar system occurs on a cup from Kontopigado, Athens, dated to LH IIIC Early, although the paint covers more of the rim and base/stem than on the examples from Koukounaries (Kaza-Papageorgiou and Kardamaki 2014: 99, fig. 27.71). Like a few of the rounded conical kylikes, such as 3, the entire lower body of 53 might have been painted.

with a lipless, flaring rim, and a raised, concave base. All have a single, vertical handle normally attached to the rim, which rises only as high as the rim, as on 80-82 and 1081; the handle on 88 rises above the rim; the handle is attached below the rim on 85 and 483. All 14 cataloged specimens are painted; 10 have a monochrome interior and, where preserved, either an UP exterior (81, 85, 745), a thick line on the rim (82-84, 86), a thick line on the rim and a band (83), or a thick line on the rim and a band on the lower body (80, 1081). The handles are painted with a band from the upper to lower attachment, as on most kylikes and low-stemmed cup. The exceptions are 743, with bands on the interior and exterior, and 483, with a band on the rim interior and a circular band on the bottom, and on the exterior, a thick line on the rim, a band on the lower body, and a band on the base. A few also have patterned decoration. The interior of 87 has bands and on the exterior, a wide, wavy band. Likewise, 88 has a thick rim line and a band on the interior and on the exterior, bands delimiting a zone with repeating triglyphs, a motif which also occurs on deep bowls (see below).

The only low-stemmed cup with painted decoration on the exterior is 970 which, as noted earlier, depicts a male figure who seems to be playing a lyre, to judge from his hand position (Koehl 2018a: 438-439). Nos. 48-76, 477-482, 636-639, 737-742, 965-970 Semiglobular cup (FS 211) The semiglobular cup is an early Mycenaean shape, occurring during LH I and IIA (Mountjoy 1999a: 1225). The fragmentary specimen, 79, is provisionally identified as one, based on its out-turned rim, thin walls, and rounded body. Although the dot row on its rim occurs on this shape, the closest parallels, from Phylakopi, are dated to LH IIA (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 365.33, 34). It is difficult to tell whether 79 is an antique or another ‘archaizing’ vase (see Chapter 5.3).

Nos. 80-88, 483, 743-745, 1081 Deep semiglobular cup (FS 216) The single example of type FS 216, 89, is classified as such from its high ring base and bell-shaped profile (cf. Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 222.459). This type of cup has a lifespan that begins in LH IIIC Developed and continues into LH IIIC Late (Mountjoy 1999a: 1225). Rather than being painted, 89 was dipped into a pigmented slip while being held by its handle, which created deep, solid semicircles on each side, both inside and out. This technique is found on at least 12 deep semiglobular cups from Perati and one from Lefkandi (see Chapter 2, 89, Comments, for parallels). And, as discussed in Appendix 1, analysis of the cup with optical omission spectroscopy has suggested that it was imported from Attica (also, Chapter 5.3).

No. 79 Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215) After the deep spouted cup, discussed below, the most common variety of cup is the deep semiglobular, FS 215, with 14 cataloged specimens. At Lefkandi, it is referred to as a ‘lip-band cup’ (Popham et al. 2006: 181). While the shape may begin in Transitional LH IIIB:2-IIIC Early, most examples come from LH IIIC Early and Middle contexts (Catling 2009: 377-378; Mountjoy 1999a: 1225; Thomatos 2006: 113-115). Cups with similar banding, dated to LH IIIC Early, occur in Laconia at the Menelaion (Catling 2009: 176, nos. PE 235, PE 238, PE 240, PE 244; fig. 238, nos. PE 235, PE 238, PE 240, PE 244) and at Ayios Stephanos (Mountjoy 1999a: 283, no. 192, fig. 96; the band here is below the rim; cf. 83). However, this type of cup occurs only sporadically in the Argolid (Kardamaki 2009: 242, n. 556; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 112-116). Surprisingly, none are reported from Phylakopi.

No. 89 Carinated cup (FS 240) This shape only occurs in LH IIIC, although it seems never to have been a particularly popular one, except perhaps at Tiryns (Mountjoy 1999a: 227; Thomatos 2006: 115-116; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 116-120; Stockhammer 2007: 131-132; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 181-184; none are reported from Phylakopi). The one fragmentary specimen from this assemblage, 746, is identified from its high-swung strap handle and slight carination at the lower handle attachment.

With an average height of 8.0 cm and average rim diameter of 12.0 cm, the cup typically is bell-shaped, 136

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

Normally, these cups are monochrome inside and out, especially at Tiryns, or have a reserved lower body (Mountjoy 1986: 147, fig. 185; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 74.182-184; Podzuweit 2007: pl. 60.11, 13, 14, 17; pl. 61.111; Popham et al. 2006: 138, 152-153, 181, fig. 2.16.8-11; Stockhammer 2007: pl. 11, nos. 196-209, pl. 12, nos. 210-223, pl. 76, nos. 1691-162). This example, however, seems to have had an UP interior and an uneven band on the carination.

1986: fig. 101, 137). However, by LH IIIB:2, the ridges at the waist had disappeared (Mountjoy 1986: 128, fig. 157; also, Thomatos 2006: 121-125). Thus, their appearance on 91 may be understood as yet another ‘archaizing’ element in the Koukounaries assemblage (Chapter 5.3). Although Furumark dated the patterned motif, of wide, multi-lined triglyphs with semicircle borders, FM 75.29, to LH IIIC Late, it also occurs in LH IIIB:1 and LH IIIB:2 (see e.g., Mountjoy 1986: fig. 146.1, fig. 159.1, fig. 161.9).

No. 746

No. 91, 484

Shallow angular cup

Deep spouted cup (FS 249)

A singleton, 90 originally had a vertical strap handle, probably at the level of the rim, like the LH IIIB:1 shallow cup, FS 220 (Mountjoy 1986: fig. 136). However, its vertical upper body and convex-conical lower body are off-set by a distinct carination, like the shallow angular bowl, FS 295 (see below). Also like the shallow angular bowl, the cup is UP but its surface was carefully smoothed. Similar cups are known from Athens and Lefkandi (see Chapter 2, 90, Comments).

The deep spouted cup is the third most common vase in this assemblage, after the deep bowl and kylix, with 64 cataloged specimens, and 225 fragments counted (Appendix 2a-g). Indeed, its relative and absolute frequency seem to be unique among contemporary ceramic assemblages. On the earliest versions, dating from LH IIIA:2 and LH IIIB, the handle was placed on the rim, perpendicular to the spout (Mountjoy 1999a: 1227). But starting in LH IIIC Early, the cup increased significantly in size and the handle moved opposite the spout, except on Skyros where the old placement continued on two small versions (Mountjoy 1999: 735, nos. 44, 45, fig. 283.44, 45). Besides the Koukounaries Hill examples, only a few are known from LH IIIC contexts, and all come from Aegean island sites (Vlachopoulos 2006: 135-136; Mountjoy 1999a: 935, 1061; Thomatos 2006: 116).

No. 90 Straight-sided cup A unique, albeit fragmentary specimen, 971 has a lipless rim and rather straight body that tapers towards the base. Oddly, its shape and decoration, with interior banding and exterior zone of curved stripes, FM 67.6, finds its closest parallels in the angular conical cup, FS 230, dated to LH IIIA:1 (Mountjoy 1999a: 113, no. 131, fig. 22.131) and LH IIIA:2 (Mountjoy 1986: fig.102.1, 5). While this cup might be an antique, it may be better understood as another ‘archaizing’ element in this ceramic assemblage (see Chapter 5.3).

While most of the specimens here were made in FB ware, sometimes with micaceous inclusions, six of the seven specimens from Storeroom 3, 641-646, were made in a TB ware, and contain a distinctly higher content of mica than those made in FB ware. Perhaps the vases made in TB were used in association with a different commodity than the FB ones (see also Chapter 4.5).

No. 971

Although the vase is classified as a cup by the presence of its single vertical handle, it differs from standard cups by the presence of an open trough spout, located opposite the handle, as just noted (for complete profiles, see 92 and 485). The exception is 1082, whose handle was attached to the body, perpendicular to the spout, as it normally is on earlier versions of the FS 249 (cf. Mountjoy 1999: fig. 254.97-99). While the presence of a spout may indicate that these vases were used for pouring, it is also conceivable that they functioned as a drinking vase. Indeed, the change in the placement of the handle, from perpendicular to opposite the spout, may have improved the function of the vase as a drinking vessel.

Mug (FS 226) Though the mug, FS 225, begins in LH IIIA:1 and continues into LH IIIB, the FS 226, with a strong concave profile, starts in LH IIIA:2, and continues into LH IIIC Middle when it is fairly widespread, but few in number (Mountjoy 1999a: 1226; Thomatos 121-125; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007:123-125; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 188; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 349). Of the two cataloged specimens, 91 and 484, only 91 preserves enough to reconstruct the shape’s characteristic concave, cylindrical profile and centrally placed vertical handle. The interior bands at the rim and exterior decoration of two patterned zones separated by a wide band with ridges at the waist is common on LH IIIA:2 and LH IIIB:1 versions (Mountjoy

Following Weinberg’s suggestion for the Early Helladic II sauceboat, whose structure is analogous, one or two fingers could pass through its handle, allowing 137

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

the curve of the body to rest in the palm of the hand (Weinberg 1969: 6-7). The spout would then be pressed against the user’s lips for drinking (cf. Weinberg 1969: pl. 3.3). By contrast, Wiencke, thinks that the sauceboat functioned primarily as a pouring vase (Wiencke 2000: 591-592). However, the ample number and variety of jugs in this assemblage seems to make that function redundant (see below). Though the nature of the liquid(s) used with this vase remains a mystery, it might be surmised from their relatively large size and capacity, that it was unlikely to have been a potent fermented beverage such as wine, a function more likely reserved for the kylix and low-stemmed cup.

bivalves (641). Chained or continuous motifs include parallel chevrons (646), isolated semicircles (753), zigzag (754), a running spiral (972), and perhaps a foliate band (982). Isolated motifs include a dotted bivalve or chevron (109), horizontal whorl-shell (642), and a possible unvoluted flower (643). Nos. 92-114, 485-494, 640-646, 747-755, 972-982, 1082-1085 Shallow spouted cup A non-joining upper body sherd and spout probably come from the same vase, 495, although its profile remains uncertain. The somewhat up-swung, thick, round handle, the lipless rim, vertical upper body, and incurving lower body suggest a type of cup. Even less certain though is the position of the spout relative to the handle: either the handle was opposite the spout, as on the standard deep spouted cup, or perpendicular, as on 1082.

Besides the spout and handle, the overall profile of these vases is also distinctive. Because the rim diameter is consistently greater than the total height, with an average rim diameter of 15.75 and average height of 14.5, these vases appear somewhat squat. Typically, they have a low, lipless vertical or slightly incurving rim. Three specimens with slightly varying heights, 92, 485, and 640, have the same 17.0 cm rim diameter, suggesting perhaps that they were made to a specific standard. The shoulders then widen and slope downwards, with either a carination (92, 95, 103, 105, 107, 111, 112, 485, 492, 642, 980, 981, 1082, 1085) or a curve (93, 96, 97, 101, 104, 106, 109, 110, 486-488, 490, 640, 641, 747, 748, 754), though the distinction is not always clear. The body then tapers in a convex curve to a small, low, raised concave base (92, 485, 640).

No. 495 Deep bowl (FS 284) The deep bowl is the commonest vase in the entire assemblage, as it appears to be at most other LH IIIC habitation sites (for its general distribution, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1229-1230; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 155; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 181183; Mountjoy 2007b: 355; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 23-42, 45-55; also Thomatos 2006: 98-108). Here, it comprises 23% of the total assemblage (Appendix 2g), with 4,209 specimens counted (see Appendices 2a-g and 3a-g), of which 275 were cataloged (Appendices 2a-f and 3a-f). It is the most frequent vase shape in each of the contexts examined here (Appendix 2a-g).

All deep spouted cups are painted, though some with only linear decoration, like 92, 485, and 640. On the interior is normally a thick line on the rim and nothing below (485), or a rim line, a band, and a circular band on the bottom (92, 640; 978 preserves only a base). Several had more than one band on the interior (98, 105, 755). On the exterior, the rim usually has a thick line along the edge, although 102 also has a row of joining semicircles. There is then a band at the junction of the rim and shoulder, and a single band or multiple bands on the middle or below the middle of the body (e.g. 92, 95, 101, 106, 485, 640). Handles on both linear and patterned specimens may have paint along the edges (99, 485), a band with a reserved triangle at the join with the rim (92, 640), a wavy band (96, 97), or solid paint (487). On 747, the handle is accentuated by a loop of paint on the body.

All deep bowls are made in a FB ware and self-slipped prior to painting, except for two examples in WW, 131 and 208. Furthermore, all are painted except 791. Based on a sample of 13 intact or reliably restorable profiles, deep bowls range in height from 8.0 to 13.0 cm, with an average height of 10.5 cm, and range in rim diameter, from 11.0 to 17.0 cm, with an average diameter of 14.76 cm. Most have a continuous s-shaped profile, with a slightly out-turned lipless rim and rounded lower body. They normally sit on a raised, concave base and have two horizontal handles, round in section, attached below the rim, usually above the middle of the body.

Most deep spouted cups have a zone of patterned decoration on the upper body, the most popular being a wide wavy band (103, 110, 113, 487, 748), followed by a tight wavy line (105, 107, 111, 112). Next in popularity are various triglyph motifs, especially simple multilined triglyphs (93, 108, 492, 493), groups of parallel diagonal lines (494, 981), probably a related motif, and triglyphs in combination with parallel chevrons (98), isolated semicircles (114), half-rosettes (488) and

Differences in profiles are subtle and rare. In addition to the standard, out-turned lipless rim, several bowls have a fairly straight or vertical upper body with a lipless or slightly thickened straight rim (115, 123, 127,140, 138

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

767, 990). Approximately nine specimens have a short, beveled rim, where the interior is thickened and tapers upward in a roughly 45° angle to the edge of the bowl. (121, 179, 514, 648, 651, 662, 756, 988, 1087). Another five specimens have an everted rim (136, 168, 503, 518, 771). Here, there is no notable thickening; the rim is simply pulled out at an angle from the body.

Group A). LH IIIC deep bowls with both raised concave and ring bases occur at Tiryns (Podzuweit 2007: pl. 1.9, pl. 3.7, pl 4.1, 3, pl. 5.10, pl. 6.10, pl. 7.1, 2, pl. 8.6, 11, pl. 9.8, pl. 10.10, pl. 12.11, pl. 13.5,12, pl. 15.16, 17, pl. 19.5, 6, 8-10, pl. 20.9-11, pl. 21.1-2) and at Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.8.205, 207, 259, 260, fig. 5.16.218, 227; Mountjoy 2007b: 355), whereas at Lefkandi, the ring base is preferred (Popham et al. 2006: 144, 189, fig. 2.1.13, 14, fig. 2.3.4, 5, fig. 2.8.7, fig. 2.9.2, fig. 2.10.3, fig. 2.12.1, 2, fig. 2.20, fig. 2.21). As will be discussed in Chapter 5.3, 983 and 991 might be the products of an itinerant potter.

As noted above, most deep bowls sit on a raised base, which ranges from deeply concave to flat, as illustrated by the sequence of bases: 189-195. Six deep bowls sit on a clearly articulated ring base: 115, 186-188, 756, and 983. 756 is also the largest deep bowl in the assemblage, with a height of 15.5 cm and rim diameter of 24.0 cm, almost large enough to qualify as a small ring-based krater (FS 282). The inner thickening of its rim is also unusual for a deep bowl, although its simple triglyph decoration is conventional for deep bowls (see below,

1

While in the catalog (Chapter 2), the deep bowls are presented in the order followed for all shapes, as described in Chapter 1.4, here they are grouped according to the following decorative systems, based on frequency of cataloged specimens (for sherd counts and statistics, see Appendix 3): Group A; Linear; Monochrome; Monochrome interior with reserved lip line; Rosette; Group B. As already noted, there is a singular example of an UP deep bowl, 791.

Table 3. Motifs on Group A Deep Bowls (in order of FM number). sacral ivy (FM 12.37)

6

whorl-shell (FM 23)

4

bivalve-shells (FM 25)

1

sea anemone (FM 27)

4

isolated concentric semicircles (FM 43)

3

paneled semicircles (FM 43.38)

2

U- pattern (FM 45)

5

running spiral (FM 46)

7

quirks (FM 48)

1

curved stemmed spiral (FM 49)

9

antithetic spiral (FM 50)

4

stemmed spiral (FM 51)

1

isolated spiral (FM 52)

13

miscellaneous spiral

11

wavy line/ band (FM 53)

2

parallel chevrons (FM 58)

1

N-pattern (FM 60)

2

zigzag (FM 61)

3

paneled tri-curved arch (FM 62)

1

foliate band (FM 64)

4

lozenge (isolated and chain) (FM 73)

5

triglyph and half rosette (FM 74)

1

triglyph (FM 75.1)

2

paneled linked semicircles (FM 75.3)

1

paneled wavy lines (FM 75.5, 18)

8

paneled zigzag (FM 75.10, 22, 38)

1

paneled lozenge (FM 75.14, 27)

1

paneled chevrons (FM 75.20)

2

paneled cross-hatching (FM 75.23)

2

paneled bivalves (FM 75.26)

5

paneled ladder (FM 75.36, 37)

1

paneled quirks

Group A From the 275 deep bowls in the present catalog, 160 may be classified as Group A, defined as such by their wide patterned upper body zone bordered by a line or band on the rim and a band or lines below the level of the lower handle attachment; they also have a band on the base (Mountjoy 1986: 93, 117; Mountjoy 1985: 181). The interiors of Group A bowls are either monochrome or linear, with 60% monochrome and 40% linear (Appendix 3a-g). Linear interiors typically have a line on the rim which continues onto the exterior, although a few have an UP interior (e.g., 169, 662). Below the rim line, the interior may be left empty (e.g., 158, 515, 517, 775-777, 780, 785, 990), have a band (120, 160, 163, 497, 514, 516, 519, 661, 778, 782, 783, 989), or less frequently, have a band on the rim (159, 165, 168, 170, 988, 992, 1109); 758 has a group of thick lines on the rim, while 156 and 157 have bands on the middle of the body, although their identification as deep bowls is not certain (see Chapter 2, Comments for 156 and 157). The bottom of the bowl is decorated with either a circular band (120, 758, 983) or a spiral (497; for base decorations on all deep bowls, see Appendix 3a-g). The handles of Group A bowls with monochrome interiors are normally painted either with the threesplash system, i.e., a blob on the top and blobs around each handle attachment (117, 502, 652, 656, 756), multiple blobs (501), or solid (496, 1086). The handles on bowls with linear interiors are usually painted with the three-splash system, though 169 has a band along the handle’s exterior, which is the typical system for Linear deep bowls, discussed below (for handle decorations on all deep bowls, see Appendix 3a-g). 139

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

The patterned decoration on Group A deep bowls varies widely with 32 motifs identified on 128 cataloged specimens (Table 3). While some motifs are especially popular, no two bowls are identical. As is typical of LH IIIC Early and Middle, spirals comprise the most popular pattern on deep bowls both with monochrome and linear interiors (e.g., French 1969: 135; Mountjoy 1985: 181). The most common varieties of spiral are (in order of frequency):

Nos. 117, 119, 120, 125-136, 154-171, 205-228, 496, 497, 501-507, 514-520, 522-526, 650-656, 659-665, 667-670, 672-682, 756, 758, 762, 764-766, 773-778, 780, 782-785, 801-807, 983, 985, 986, 988-998, 1086, 10881091, 1095-1097, 1103-1109 Linear After the Group A bowls, next in frequency are Linear deep bowls, 50 of which were cataloged (Chapter 2; Appendix 3a-f). In profile, they are indistinguishable from the Group A bowls, with the same variations in the rims. What distinguishes them is the absence of painted patterns or motifs. Like the Group A bowl, they can have either a monochrome interior (e.g. 118) or a thick rim line and a band below the rim (121). On the bottom of 121 is a solid circle. The exteriors of these bowls generally have a thick rim line, a band below the level of the handle attachments, and a band on the base. Perhaps most distinctive and useful for identification from sherds is the painting of their handles, with a single band on outside, rather than the ‘three-splash’ system common on Group A bowls. Linear deep bowls with a monochrome interior find parallels at Tiryns (Podzuweit 2007: 49, pl. 19.6) and the Athens Acropolis North Slope deposits (Broneer 1933: 368-369, fig. 41).

– antithetic with central triglyph, FM 50: 120, 127, 163, 164, 502, 651, 654, 667, 801 – running, FM 46: 126, 206, 207, 501, 985 – stemmed, FM 51: 117, 128, 675, 1108 – isolated, FM 52: 119 – curved stemmed, FM 49: 221 – indeterminate: 161, 208-210, 668, 679, 765, 776778, 806, 1096. Next in popularity is the wavy line or band, FM 53. It too occurs equally on monochrome and linear interior deep bowls, in two versions: tight or jagged, FM 53.17, 18 (129, 130, 166, 226, 496, 780, 1086, 1109); and loose, FM 53.19, 20 (131, 132, 802). As will be seen below, the loose version is more common on closed shapes. The wavy line pattern is followed by the paneled ‘triglyphic’ patterns of FM 75. There are two common versions: the triglyph with a central vertical wavy line or zig zag, FM 75.10, 22, 38 (655, 665, 681, 758, 783, 1090, 1106, 1107); and the triglyph with a narrow, enclosed ladder pattern, close to FM 75.36, 37 (170, 228, 784, 785, 1091). Also popular is the triglyph and half-rosette, FM 74 (134, 135, 227, 497, 656). On 497, the triglyph also has a central vertical way line and is flanked by filled lozenges. Triglpyhs also alternate with semicircles, FM 43.38 (156, 215, 515), stemmed spirals (128), lozenges (1105), quirks (220), and wavy lines (678). They also can flank vertical bivalve chains (517, 669), cross-hatching (504, 804), or stacked chevrons (803). They occur as a simple line group on the unusually large example, 756. Several triglyphs have relatively wide panels, flanked by lozenges (983) or tri-curved arches (782).

Included with the Linear class are bowls painted with a row of dots along the rim’s edge that overlaps the interior and exterior (172-175, 498, 499, 788790, 1098; for a complete profile, see 498 and 499). Otherwise, they are painted like the standard Linear bowl (Mountjoy 1999a: 935, also considers them part of this Linear class; Podzuweit 2007: 51-54, classifies them separately). As will be seen below, dotted rims are also a regular feature of the Rosette class of deep bowl. Inside, on the bottom of 498, a band surrounds a spiral, whereas inside, on the bottom of 499, a band surrounds two uneven concentric circles. The deep bowl classified as Linear by Mountjoy (1986: 151, fig. 192), with a deep (or medium) rim band and bands below the level of the handle attachment, is represented here by one specimen with a complete profile preserved, 757, though it lacks a band on the lower body, and several sherds (144, 145, 767, 768, 987). These have monochrome interiors; 757 has a reserved circle on the bottom. Its handles are decorated in the ‘three-splash’ system typical of the Group A bowl.

Notable, too, is the relative popularity of the whorlshell, FM 23, on Group A deep bowls with both monochrome and linear interiors. They are painted either horizontally or vertically (154, 659, 660, 773, 1088, 1103). The remaining Group A bowls are decorated with linked quirks, FM 48 (158-160, 211, 516, 1095), bivalve shells, FM 25 (662, 672, 762, 775), isolated concentric semicircles, FM 43 (157, 524, 653, 764), parallel chevrons, FM 58 (518, 677), N-patterns, FM 60 (1089), parallel zigzags, FM 61 (525), and lozenges, FM 73 (169). The motifs on some sherds which seem to be isolated may belong to chains, e.g., the bivalve on 774, the parallel chevron group on 225, and the sacral ivy, FM 12.37, on 523.

There are also several fragmentary deep bowls which preserve enough to indicate that they fall outside the standard linear systems noted here, particularly regarding their interior lower bodies. The lower body of 195 has a zone of bands enclosing lines whereas 196 has three even bands. Its interior is painted with a band on the lower body and two concentric bands on the bottom. Similarly, 666 preserves two bands 140

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

on the lower body, a band on the interior, and a band surrounding a spiral on the bottom. The interiors of 786 and 787 have a narrow band below the rim and two narrow bands on the lower body, as does 808; 999 has one interior band on the lower body.

Nos. 146-153, 510-513, 657, 658, 771, 779 Rosette A rare variant of the deep bowl is the Rosette bowl, with four specimens identified (for definitions, see Wardle 1973: 314; Mountjoy 1986: 131, 151; Podzuweit 2007: 40-42). Typically, it has a dotted rim, a rosette in the middle of each side at the level of the handles, and multiple splashes on the handle; the interior can be UP or monochrome. Only 772 preserves all these features although the rosette on 671 probably comes from similar bowls; 1104 was classified as a Group A bowl with an anemone although it might come from a type of Rosette bowl. The dotted rim on 781 suggests it is also from a Rosette bowl, although its zigzag motif is unusual; perhaps it was not continuous but an isolated, segment of a zigzag. Although 763 lacks a dotted rim, but rather has a thick rim line (and monochrome interior), its rosette classifies it here.

Nos. 118, 121, 137-145, 172-185, 195, 196, 498, 499, 508, 509, 521, 648, 666, 757, 767-770, 786-790, 808, 987, 999, 1092, 1093, 1098 Monochrome After the UP kylix, the largest number of sherds of any single category belonged to monochrome black deep bowls. And out of a total of 4,209 fragments of deep bowls counted, 864 were from monochrome black bowls, or 21% (Appendix 3g). By contrast, 199 fragments of monochrome red deep bowls were counted, or 5% (Appendix 3g). Of the 15 cataloged monochrome deep bowls, ten are black (116, 122-124, 647, 759, 760, 792, 800, 984), and five are red (115, 500, 649, 761, 1087; see Appendices 3a-f).

Nos. 671, 763, 772, 781

While most have the typical lipless rim, s-curved profile, and raised, slightly concave base, 123 has a distinctly vertical upper body and rim, while 115 sits on a ring base. Elsewhere, monochrome deep bowls also have both raised concave and ring bases, although the latter may be more common (for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: 183, fig. 5.18.262293; Mountjoy 2007b: 355; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 155; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 5455, pl. 20.9). Two monochrome black bowls, 124 and 759, have a reserved rectangle between the handle attachments (on the chronological implications, see Chapter 5.4).

Group B The single example of a Group B deep bowl, 1094, comes from the Shrine. This variant of the deep bowl is common in LH IIIB:2 (Mountjoy 1986: 129-131). Like the LH IIIB:2 specimens, 1094 is larger than the standard deep bowl and has a more rounded profile with a short, out-turned rim, rather than the s-curved or bell-shaped profile with deep flaring rim, typical of Group A bowls. While its monochrome interior and triglyphic paneled decoration are typical for LH IIIB:2 Group B bowls, the zigzag or wavy line in the triglyph is the most common paneled motif for Group A bowls here, as noted above (see Table 3). Like on 1094, lozenges are combined with a triglyphic panel motif on 497, a Group A bowl. The cross-hatched filling on the lozenges of 1094 also has parallels in this assemblage (e.g., 592). Thus, 1094 is unlikely to be an antique or heirloom from LH IIIB:2, though it may be characterized as an archaizing vase (see also Chapter 5.3).

Nos. 115, 116, 122-124, 500, 647, 649, 759-761, 792, 800, 984, 1087 Monochrome interior with reserved rim line A group of 16 rim fragments from deep bowls with monochrome black or red interiors is separated from the others on account of their reserved line below the edge of the rim (Appendix 3a-g). Of these, five have monochrome exteriors (146-149, 510), eight preserve only a band or two on the rim (151-153, 511-513, 658, 771), and two preserve patterns: a tight wavy line (150) and a spiral (657); a third preserves a loop of paint from the handle attachment (779). The reserved interior line occurs elsewhere and is regarded as a feature of LH IIIC Advanced (for its occurrence at Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 355; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 54, pl. 20.10, 11; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 188; on its chronological significance, see Mountjoy 1999b: 512513 and Chapter 5.4).

No. 1094 Handleless medium band bowl A group of four specimens are classified here as handleless medium band bowls. On average, they are smaller than the Group A deep bowl. While only 527 preserves a complete profile, perhaps surprisingly, it sits on a ring base, rather than the raised concave that is typical for Group A bowls here. All have a monochrome interior, a wide or medium band on the rim, and three have another band on the body: 229, 527, and 528. Thus, they are painted like Mountjoy’s Linear deep bowl (Mountjoy 1986: 151, fig. 192), while the UP body 141

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

of 529 would be equivalent to Mountjoy’s medium band deep bowl (Mountjoy 1986: 151, fig. 193).

have monochrome interiors and eight have banding. At Tiryns, a version with a monochrome interior and exterior also occurs, alongside the standard ones (Podzuweit 2007: 42-45). The only well-preserved example from Phylakopi has a typical profile but is decorated in the manner of a Group A deep bowl with monochrome interior (Mountjoy 2007b: 356, fig. 8.29.101). None are documented from Lefkandi.

Nos. 229, 527-529 One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) This shape is relatively rare here, as at Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1985: 178; Mountjoy 2007b: 349), though it is a mainstay of the ceramic repertoire at Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006: 153-155, 170, 176). While no full profiles are preserved, 16 examples have been identified from their distinctive lipless, inward curving rim, and straight, conical body; 809 also preserves the stub from its horizontal handle.

The stemmed bowls from the Koukounaries assemblage display a considerable diversity in their rim profiles. While 534 has a typical, thick rounded rim (Mountjoy 1986: 154), most have a beveled rim (239, 240, 241, 245, 530, 532, 533); others have a lipless, slightly flaring or straight rim (242, 243, 244, 531). Upper body profiles can be rounded (533) or sharply angular (530), but most are rather vertical or slightly rounded (239-244, 532). One fragment, 531, with a monochrome interior and exterior, is an anomaly and only hesitantly classified as a stemmed bowl, primarily on account of its estimated rim diameter of 15.5 cm, and attachment for a horizontal handle. And while its lipless, conical upper body resembles a kylix (cf. Mountjoy 1999: fig. 222.466), its angle seems too vertical for a kylix; furthermore, it preserves the beginnings of an angular, sharply tapering lower body.

Although these bowls are normally painted with a monochrome interior (Mountjoy 1986: 172; Thomatos 2006: 108-110), three are painted with a monochrome interior (230, 809, 1110), while 13 have a band on the rim’s interior and exterior (231-238, 683, 810, 811, 1111, 1112). One fragment, 810, has a narrow band on the rim’s interior, two close-set narrow bands below, and on the exterior, a band on its rim and another band further down, similar to bowls from Naxos (Thomatos 2006: figs. 1.364-366; Vlachopoulos 2006: 136-137, fig. 29). Like the deep bowls with a reserved interior rim line, the one-handled conical bowl is primarily a shape that belongs in LH IIIC Advanced (for its chronological implications here, see Chapter 5.4).

As noted above, stemmed bowls with monochrome interiors outnumber those with banded or plain interiors here. Besides 245, and perhaps 536, neither of which preserve any interior paint, 243 and 534 have a band on the rim and another one lower on the body, and 244 has two close-set bands at the rim. This bowl also has two corresponding close-set bands on the rim exterior. Two bowls with monochrome interiors, 239 and 530, also have two bands on the rim, while 240, 532, and 533, with monochrome interiors, have a single band on the rim; the rims of 241 and 245 are UP.

Nos. 230-238, 683, 809-811, 1110-1112 Stemmed bowl (FS 305) The stemmed bowl may have its beginnings in LH IIIA:1 (Mountjoy 1999a: 115, 1231), continuing into LH IIIA:2 (Mountjoy 1986: 91-92; Mountjoy 1999a: 115), but only takes its canonical form in LH IIIB:1, with a vertical upper body and thickened rim (Mountjoy 1986: 119). Often larger than the deep bowl, the stemmed bowl has two opposing horizontal handles at its maximum diameter (see 239, 240, 241, 530, 533). The lower body then tapers abruptly to a narrow stem, which ends in a wide-spreading base, domed on its underside (see 246, 247, 684, 812). A standard decorative system is also adopted, with a narrow band on the rim, two bands that define a wide patterned zone on the upper body at the level of the two horizontal handles, a second band, and bands on the lower body and base (Mountjoy 1986: fig. 146.1). The stemmed bowl continues virtually unchanged into LH IIIB:2 (Mountjoy 1986: 133) and LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1986: 154). However, by LH IIIC Middle, the bowl often has a monochrome interior, although banded and plain interiors, typical of earlier specimens, continue (Thomatos 2006: 111-113). Of the 19 cataloged fragments from this assemblage, ten

As also noted, a band on the level of the lower handle attachment defines the bottom of the wide, patterned decorative zone that typifies the shape. The most common motifs are comprised of isolated concentric semicircles (239, 243, 245, 534), triglyphs with multiple lines (241), or alternating combinations of the two (240, 244, 532). The popularity of these two motifs may explain their unique reconfiguration on 533, comprised of multi-lined pendant triglyphs with groups of concentric arcs springing from their sides and isolated concentric semicircles pendant from their bottom. A bivalve shell on 535, is one of the few patterned motifs on this shape, though the vertical lines on 536 resemble the tails of whorl-shells. Most unusual, however, is the bichrome painting on 530. Its monochrome interior, bands, and shoulder motif of paired vertical rows of small parallel chevrons, FM 58, are painted dusky red, while the lower body is lighter red. 142

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

on its underside, near the edge. While UP, the surface is smoothed and decorated with a row of incised diagonal hatch marks just below the belly.

Nos. 239-247, 530-536, 684, 812, 1000 Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) Since its beginnings in LH IIIA:2, the shallow angular bowl occurs in two versions: an angular one, Type A, where the vertical, slightly concave lipless rim meets the lower, tapering conical body at a sharp carination; and a rounded one, Type B, where the transition from rim to lower body is curved (Mountjoy 1999a: 130, nos. 215 [angular], 214 [rounded]; Thomas 2011: 298). By LH IIIB:1, the shallow angular bowl is among the most common UP shapes, while the painted version is less so (Mountjoy 1993: 84; Thomas 2011: 297). Both the angular and the rounded versions continue into LH IIIC Early and Middle, when the painted ones experience a resurgence (Mountjoy 1986: 153-154; Mountjoy 1999a: 1230; Podzuweit 2007: 77-80; Thomatos 2006: 110111). The shape is rare generally, however, at Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006: 138) and at Phylakopi (Mountjoy 2007b: 360), where only UP ones are documented.

No. 253

At Koukounaries, the single painted specimen, 250, is identified from its curvature as Type B. Its interior and exterior linear decoration resemble a specimen from Mycenae (see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 197.2). The surfaces of all the UP specimens were carefully smoothed (249, 251, 537, 538, 685, 1001). One example, 248, was further embellished with two fine grooves on its lower body.

Spouted small bowl

Spouted deep bowl Another unique and unparalleled specimen, 254 has the typical lipless flaring rim, bell-shaped body, and two opposing horizontal handles of the deep bowl, FS 284. It also sits on a ring base, a rare but not unparalleled feature among the deep bowls here. However, unlike them, it has an open or trough spout at the rim, perpendicular to the handles. Like many deep bowls, it has a monochrome interior. Its exterior, however, is painted with a narrow patterned upper body zone and a wide, monochrome lower body, a system that recalls the stemmed bowl, 530. Nos. 254

Nos. 248-251, 537, 538, 685, 1001

Lacking any evidence for handles, 255 is classified provisionally as a spouted small bowl, rather than a cup. Its lipless, flaring rim and rounded body resemble that of the deep bowl, though it was probably not as deep. Its decoration, however, with a narrow pattern zone below the spout, resembles deep spouted cups such as 93, 104, and 642.

Shallow rounded bowl

No. 255

Two large bowls with lipless rims and rounded bodies, 252 and 686, also have a similar unusual and distinctive manner of decoration and may arguably be products of the same potter and painter (see Chapter 5.3). Like the shallow angular bowl, FS 295, and the so-called small bowl (Mountjoy 1986: 133, fig. 164), these have two horizontal strap handles at the rim. Furthermore, like those bowls, they have painted decoration on the interior and exterior (cf. Podzuweit 2007: 71-74). Besides the addition of a narrow rim band on 252, the bowls are virtually identical. Both have three bands on the interior, with two enclosing a zone of alternating triglyphs and parallel chevrons, FM 58.34, and on the exterior, a series of bands below the handle zone.

Krater Surely the most impressive open shape, in terms of scale and inventive decoration, is the krater, especially the stemmed variety, FS 9. Of the 20 kraters cataloged, nine are stemmed, nine are ring based, FS 282, and two are angular ring based. Stemmed krater (FS 9) Versions of the stemmed krater, FS 7 and 8, occur in LH IIIA:1 and LH IIIA:2 Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 1225), but it first appears with all its familiar characteristics in LH IIIA:2 Late, including a prominent everted rim, and continues relatively unchanged into LH IIIC Early and Middle (Mountjoy 1986: 84,109-110, 127-128; Mountjoy 1999a: 1225; Thomatos 2006: 82-83; for an LH IIIB:2/ Transitional LH IIIC Early example from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 57, pl. 23.3; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 349).

Nos. 252, 686 Handleless collar-necked bowl Unique and unparalleled, 253 has a slightly thickened rim, enhanced by a thin, shallow groove inside and out, a vertical or collar neck, sloping shoulders that flare to a rounded belly, and a conical lower body. The bowl sits on a low, raised base embellished with a shallow groove

The finest example in the assemblage, 256, was found largely intact just above the floor of Storeroom 1. Typical of the shape, its rim diameter and height are 143

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

nearly equal, 33.0 cm. The body bulges below the tapering, everted rim to the belly, then continues with a concave curve to a high, narrow base or ‘stem’. The vase rests on a torus disc base (Furumark 1941a: fig. 24). The attachment of the two handles to the rim and belly define the height of the main decorative zone which consists on one side of elaborate filled antithetic spirals and on the other, of double and single whorl-shells with cross-hatched bodies. On the lower body and base are groups of bands; the foot is solid.

Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 58, 63, 71, pl. 34.5-7, pl. 35.14; Stockhammer 2007: 201, fig. 71.1539; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2007: 157, 193; for its chronological significance, see Chapter 5.4). Two sherds, 542 and 543, come from this shape, as indicated by their flattened rim surfaces, decorated with parallel chevrons, and straight, flat upper bodies, with monochrome interiors; neither preserve the carinated transition to the lower body. The slight differences in their rim profiles suggest that they come from two different vases. However, considering their proximity at the time of discovery, from the small sounding below the floor of Storeroom 2 (discussed in Chapter 2), and their matching rim decoration, it would not be surprising if they were made as a pair.

Although 540 is only a rim and body sherd, its profile and wide upper body zone with pictorial decoration, indicate that it comes from a stemmed krater. Its shape, however, with a nearly vertical upper body and sharp transition inward to the lower body, is unusual, though not unparalleled (cf. a krater from Perati; see Chapter 2, 540, Comments). Likewise unusual is the band below the rim on 257 and 258, a feature which is more typical of the ring-based krater, FS 282 (see below).

Besides a single example from Tiryns dated to LH IIIC Early 2 (Maran and Papadimitriou 2016: 37, fig. 35; I owe this reference to E. Kardamaki), all others date to LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1986: 156, 174, fig. 224; Mountjoy 2015: 546; Mountjoy 2018: 1247-1248; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 58, 63, 71, pl. 34.57, pl. 35.1-4; Stockhammer 2007: 201, pl. 71.1539; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2007: 157, 193; on their chronological significance, see Chapter 5.4). A date in LH IIIC Developed for 542 and 543 is supported by their “T” or hammer-shaped rims which, though rare, find a good parallel on a rounded ring-based krater from Scimatari, dated to LH IIIC Middle (Mountjoy 1983: fig. 25.8; Mountjoy 1986: fig. 223.2; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 265.215).

Nos. 256-258, 539-541, 815 Ring-based krater (FS 282) This type of krater has antecedents in the FS 279 and 281, starting in LH IIB and continuing into LH IIIB (Mountjoy 1999a: 1229). The present form, FS 282, begins in LH IIIC Early and continues to the end of LH IIIC, enjoying its maximum frequency in LH IIIC Middle (Mountjoy 1999a: 170, 1229; Thomatos 2006: 82-94; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 351-352; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 57-71; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2007: 172, 157-161,190-193). Although no complete profiles are preserved, evidence for their occurrence here is provided by their characteristic thick, outturned, flat topped rims with banded interiors, e.g. 259 and 1114, or a short, down-sloping rim on 1113. Several body sherds with thick walls may come from ringbased kraters, decorated with motifs commonly found on this variety: spirals (1116) and paneled ‘triglyphic’ patterns (1115, 1117). Two kraters, 816 and 817, seem to be something of a hybrid of the stemmed and ringbased krater. While their thick, everted, tapering rims are more common on the stemmed variety, the rounded body of 816 seems to be tapering down evenly toward the base, as on a ring-based krater, while the decorated upper rim surface of 817 is more common on the ringbased than on the stemmed version.

Interestingly, this variety of ring-based krater is rather common among the decorated, Mycenaean-inspired ceramics on Cyprus and in Philistia (Mountjoy 2010: 1-4; 2018: 983, 1057-1058, 1173, no. 94, 1247-1248, figs. 505- 508, 566, 567, 619.337, 628.94, 653.337). Indeed, the ‘T’ or ‘hammer’- shaped rims found on 542 and 543 find their closest parallels on ring-based carinated kraters made in those locales, although it is also similar to the rim on the krater from Bademgediği Tepe, with parallel chevrons on the rim exterior (Mountjoy 2007: 242; fig. (Mountjoy 2018: 985, 1057-1058, 1247-1248, figs. 510f, 511c, 512h, 566.98, 648.211, 653.337-339, 654. L149; Stager and Mountjoy 2007). However, although Mountjoy has even suggested that the carinated ringbased krater began on Cyprus, whence it arrived in the Aegean (Mountjoy 2018: 1057-1058, 1247-1248), its occurrence here and the T-shaped rim on krater from Scimatari may warrant a reconsideration of that view.

Nos. 259, 260, 816, 817, 1113-1117

Nos. 542, 543

Ring-based carinated krater

Kalathos (FS 291)

Probably the least common variety of krater in LH IIIC is the ring-based carinated, which does not occur prior to LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1986: 156, 174, fig. 224; Mountjoy 2015: 546; Mountjoy 2018: 1247-1248; for

Although a shape similar to the kalathos, but with a spout, existed in LH IIIA:2 and possibly earlier, FS 299301 (Mountjoy 1999a: 1231), according to Mountjoy, 144

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

the kalathos first appears in LH IIIC Early, and quickly becomes a mainstay of the LH IIIC ceramic repertoire, in both habitation and funerary assemblages, throughout the Aegean, until the end of LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1999a: 1230; Thomatos 2006: 125-131; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit: 2007: 95-104; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 161, 195; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 355).

Spouted basin (FS 302) With its origins in LH IIIB, the spouted basin continues into LH IIIC Early and Developed, when it seems to enjoy an increase in popularity, to judge from its wide-spread distribution and frequency at sites like Tiryns, Lefkandi, and Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1999a: 1231; Thomatos 2007:131; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 91-95; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 145, 162, 172, 195; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 355).

Examples were found in each of the contexts examined here except in the Shrine, within square D5 (see Appendix 2g; also, Chapter 4.5. On its possible function in handwashing ritual, however, see Lis and Van Damme 2020). Generally, the kalathos has a conical or convex conical upper body with a prominent rim, two opposing horizontal handles below the rim, a tapering, incurving lower body, and a flat base. The rims can be pulled out (261, 263, 687, 820, 1002), everted (818, 819, 1003), or slightly in-curved (262), but all have a flat, painted upper surface, except 687, one of two UP specimens. This specimen also preserves something of the characteristic convex-concave curvature of the upper body. Bases can be flat (264, 265, 821), or slightly convex or beveled at the edge (266, 544, 545).The range in base diameters, from 5.8 cm (265) to 14.3 cm (544), may reflect their widely varying sizes, although the estimated 25.0 cm rim diameter of 687, and estimated 24.5 cm rim diameter of 1003, may indicate a preference for a large vase.

At Koukounaries, only the lower deposit of the East-West Corridor lacked any examples; Storeroom 3 contained two; each of the other contexts contained one. As is typical of the shape, they have a thick, flat rim which is painted with a band on top. The body is shallow and rounded, tapering to a low, raised base. There are two broad horizontal handles and a trough spout on the rim, perpendicular to the handles (for a complete profile, see 267). The interiors can be monochrome, like 822, or banded like 267 and 688. All have bands on the exterior except 546, the one UP specimen, which also lacks any indication of handles. Nos. 267, 546, 688-689, 822, 1118 Basin: type indeterminate Although none of the specimens classified here as a basin preserves a lower body or base, the walls, and everted or beveled rims suggest a kind of deep basin, perhaps like 546 which, as noted above, also has a trough spout. Other possible UP deep basins might include 268-273, 825, 1009 (with the profile preserved from rim to lower body), 1010, and 1119. Based on their beveled rims and ware, 1004 and 1005, with monochrome interiors, may represent another version. Two fragments which also seem to come from deep basins, 824 and 1007, are decorated with wavy bands, whereas 1006, perhaps a shallow basin, is similarly decorated. This specimen has diagonal stripes on the rim and bands on the interior.

Of the two UP specimens, 545 has a beveled base, as noted above, while 687 is embellished with a low ridge below the rim. Of the remaining 13 specimens, five have linear decoration on the interior (261, 262, 265, 266, 818), mostly bands, three have monochrome interiors (264, 544, 1002) and five preserve no indication of interior painting (263, 819-821, 1003). Two specimens were painted with motifs on the outside: perhaps a triglyph above one band and parallel diagonal lines between two bands on 266; a wavy band on 1002. Another seven preserve banded or linear decoration (261, 263-265, 544, 818, 821), while three seem only to have been painted on the upper surface of the rim (819, 820, 1003), a not uncommon decorative system for kalathoi (Mountjoy 1986: 152, fig. 195).

A distinct group of four decorated sherds that were found in the small sounding below the floor of Storeroom 2, in square E1, have also been classified as basins. Though none preserves a rim diameter, base, or handles, their thick walls, rounded body, and beveled and out-turned rims are consistent with the characteristics adopted here to define the indeterminate type of basin. Two of them, 547, decorated with a solid lozenge chain, and 552, with a wavy band, have monochrome interiors, whereas 548, decorated with an enclosed wavy band, and 549, with a rim band, have banded interiors.

Nos. 261-266, 544, 545, 687, 818-821, 1002, 1003 Basin The only type of basin which can be classified according to Furumark’s typology is the spouted, FS 302. No others preserve a complete profile and thus, they are provisionally identified as basins from their thick walls, everted or beveled rims, and frequent use of mica or marble inclusions (see below, Basin: type: indeterminate).

145

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

The decoration on the painted dippers is confined to their rims and probably handles; at least as preserved on 691. Every painted specimen that was identified has been cataloged; all come from Storeroom 1 except 691, from Storeroom 3. Interestingly, and perhaps significantly, the rim profiles on painted dippers differ from the UP ones. Whereas the rims on UP dippers are straight or flare slightly, the rims on the painted variety are more prominently pulled out or flaring and have a more rounded edge; 691 is beveled with a flat upper surface. The painting on the rims is either in the form of a simple dot row overlapping the interior and exterior (277-279), a row of unevenly-shaped blobs (280, 691), or a row of dots on the exterior and two thick lines enclosing a dot row on the interior (276).

Nos. 268-273, 547-552, 823-827, 1004, 1118, 1119 Platter? Three non-joining undecorated rim/body sherds, made with a TB, slightly micaceous ware, have been reconstructed as a somewhat flat, rounded vase, with an estimated diameter of 30.5 cm. With no published parallels, 274 is provisionally classified as a platter. No. 274 Dipper (FS 236) The UP dipper occurs at Tzoungiza and Korakou in LH I (I owe this information to J.B. Rutter, pers. comm.), and in LH IIB at the Menelaion in Laconia (Catling 2009: 348, 415), whereas the painted dipper seem to have begun in LH IIA (Mountjoy 1999a: 1227). However, both the UP and painted dippers first take their distinctive form, with a high-swung handle attached to a semiglobular bowl, in LH IIIA:2, and continue as such into LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1999a: 1227). By LH IIIB:1, the UP dipper had become a standard part of the Mycenaean ceramic repertoire (Mountjoy 1993: 84, no. 221; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 359), and continued so into LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1993: 92, no. 258; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 146, 162).

Nos. 275-280, 553-558, 690-693 CLOSED SHAPES Large piriform jar (FS 38) Twelve examples of this shape have been identified from rim and base fragments (see Mountjoy 1986: fig. 201.1, for a complete profile; for their general distribution, see Mountjoy 1999a: 1214). Five are made in TB/SM or TB/M ware (285, 286, 288-290), while seven are FB or FB/SM (281-284, 287, 291, 559). All six rim fragments have the characteristic down-sloping profile; four are typically painted with a wide or narrow band on the interior and a monochrome neck (281-284); 285 has only a monochrome exterior; 286 has a narrow band on the rim interior and exterior and a band on the neck. Three lower body/base fragments, 289, 290, and 559, have the typical torus profile and are painted with bands on the lower body and solid paint on the base. One handle fragment, 288, has been attributed to a large piriform jar from its vertical position, wide ovoid profile, and painted decoration: a band around the bottom and a wide band of parallel chevrons along its exterior. One body sherd, 291, may come from the shoulder of a piriform jar, based on its thickness, curvature, and painted decoration of a spiral with bands below (cf. Mountjoy 1986: 161, fig. 201.36).

The popularity of the shape at Koukounaries is attested by its presence in five of the six contexts examined here; dippers were absent only from the Shrine, in square D5. Indeed, 195 specimens were counted, accounting for 1% of the total of all ceramics (Appendices 2a-g) of which 16 were selected for the catalog. While normally made in FB ware, ten of the 195 fragments were made in TB ware, and all of these come from Storeroom 3 (690-693), the same room which produced the only deep spouted cups made in TB ware. Furthermore, four of the six UP FB ware dippers cataloged from Storeroom 2 (553-556) had notable amounts of marble inclusions, rather than the more common mica. Perhaps the different wares used for the dippers relates to the specific commodity with which they were associated (see also Chapter 4.5). The dippers in this assemblage also exhibit variations in their profiles. Based on the shape of their bowls, UP dippers may be separated into two varieties: rounded (275, 553, 556, 558, 693) and angular (554, 555, 557, 690, 692). All have a lipless, tapering rim, except 556, which has a thickened rounded lip, 692, which is thickened, and 693, which is everted. Where preserved, all have the characteristic, high-swung, loop handle, with one end pressed against the bowl’s interior and one pressed against its exterior. While four handles are ovoid in section (555-558), two have a rounded central ridge (553, 554), one is round (690), one is rectangular (692), and one has multiple ridges (275).

Nos. 281-291, 559, Amphoriskos (FS 59) The amphoriskos begins in LH IIIB:2 but its heyday is the entire duration of LH IIIC, when it is among the most frequent and widely distributed closed shapes in both funerary and habitation contexts (Mountjoy 1999a: 1215-1216; Thomatos 2006: 46-52; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007:139-143; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 147, 163-164, 203-204). Oddly, none have been recorded from Phylakopi. 146

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

Though none of the 18 cataloged specimens in the Koukounaries assemblage preserves a complete profile, 829 is preserved from just below the rim to the base, while 1120 is preserved from rim to below the handles, thus providing a full picture of the shape. Generally, the bodies are fairly globular. It also appears that the amphoriskoi can be roughly separated into smaller and larger varieties. On the smaller ones the most common type of rim is a lipless flare (292-295, 695), whereas on the larger ones the rim slopes slightly downward (296, 1120). On both sizes, the handles can be attached at the belly, as on 292 and 829; 830 preserves a vertical lug handle (cf. Mountjoy 1986: fig. 167.2). The bases on 298 and 829 are raised, concave.

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) The large collar-necked jar is one of the more common closed shapes at Koukounaries (see Appendix 2g). Of the 41 cataloged specimens, 33 were made in FB ware, of which 19 have mica inclusions, and eight were made in TB ware, all with mica inclusions (see Appendices 2a-f). Distinguished by their cylindrical or slightly incurving neck and lipless rim, their bodies are normally globular (e.g., 313, 834) or ovoid (308, 563, 696, 835), although the incurving lower body on 301, gives it an unusual piriform shape (for a complete globular profile, see Mountjoy 1986: figs. 169, 204). Typically, these vases have two horizontal handles, round in section, on opposite sides of the shoulder or belly (301, 308, 309, 562, 563, 696, 834, 838). Some also have vertically pierced lugs on the shoulder (301, 310, 562, 1122). Others have small holes bored through the shoulder (315, 836, 1011). 302 has cylindrical protuberances that are pierced through the vase wall. Bases can be raised (834), or a low ring (835).

All the small amphoriskoi are made in FB ware (293295) except 292, which seems to be made in WW. This group is also painted rather simply, with a band on the rim interior and a band on the exterior; 694 is monochrome; 695 has a running spiral on its shoulder. The larger amphoriskoi are also made mostly in FB ware but nearly all have traces of mica, especially 829. Generally, their decoration is more varied than the smaller ones, though patterns seem limited to the shoulder zone, as on 1120, and are defined by bands. Among the most ornate specimens is 298, with two patterned zones: on the shoulder, alternating triglyphs and opposing semicircles (cf. FM 43.22, FM 38); on the belly, a zone of tri-curved arches (FM 62.31). The shoulder zones of other specimens are decorated with spirals (300, 830, 1120), perhaps quirks (297), isolated concentric semicircles (299), dots (828), lozenges (1121), and an unusual pattern of concentric arcs and parallel lines (831). While 829 is not painted with a motif, it has two carefully painted groups of bands enclosing fine lines.

Four of the large collar-necked jars are undecorated: 306, 307, 561, and 696. The rest are painted with either a monochrome neck and rim (301-303), or more commonly, bands on the neck (304, 305, 313, 563, 832, 833, 838, 1011). This type of jar normally has one patterned zone defined by bands, located either on the shoulder or at the level of the handles, though 562 has two patterned zones: one on the shoulder and one at the handle level (see Table 4). Also unusual is the location of a patterned motif on the lower body of 308; perhaps some kind of running spiral. Interestingly, considering their generally large size, with some measuring over 40 cm in height, they include some of the most meticulously and inventively painted closed shapes in the entire assemblage (e.g. 301, 1011).

Nos. 292-300, 560, 694, 695, 828-831, 1120, 1121 Collar-necked jar

Table 4. Shoulder and handle zone motifs on large collar-necked jars, in order of frequency.

The collar-necked jar first appears in a small UP version (FS 64) in LH IIIB:1 and continues later into LH IIIB:2 with both UP and painted versions, in small and large sizes (FS 63) (Podzuweit 2007: 153). The heyday of the shape, however, is the entire duration of LH IIIC, when both the small and large size have a wide distribution in the Aegean, in both funerary and habitation contexts (Mountjoy 1999a: 1216; Thomatos 2006: 16-17; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 151-154; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 164, though it is noted as being very rare; for a nearly complete specimen from Lefkandi Phase 2a, see Popham et al. 2006: pl. 37.1; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 346).

Bivalve shells (FM 25) Parallel chevrons (FM 58)

318-320, 324

Running spirals (FM 46)

301, 308, 313, 314

Stemmed spirals (FM 51)

315, 316, 317

Parallel lines/zigzag (FM 61) Paneled pattern (FM 75) Rosette (FM 17.23)

302, 310, 323, 325 322, 1013 835

Isolated quirks (FM 48)

1122

Lozenge (FM 73)

321

Wavy band (FM 53)

147

311, 312, 836, 837 (with lozenge), 1011

834

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 146, 162-163, 199202; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 346-347). At Koukounaries, these vases were made in a variety of wares: TB, SM (329-331, 565, 568, 1124, 1125); TB, M (333, 569, 697); FB, SM (332, 566, 567, 1015, 1016); and FB (328, 842, 843).

Nos. 301-325, 561-563, 696, 832-839, 1011-1013, 1122 Small collar-necked jar (FS 64) Two upper body sherds are classified as small collarnecked jars from their rim and shoulder diameters (for the small version at Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 151152). Though their globular profile is similar to that of the large collar-necked jar, their cylindrical necks with lipless rims seem proportionally shorter. Like some of the large specimens, 1123 has a small hole bored through its shoulder. This jar is decorated only with bands, whereas 1014 has bands on the neck and an enclosed wavy band on the level of the handles, like the large 834.

Besides the two handles attached from rim to shoulder (restored on the drawings for 569 and 842), the most diagnostic feature of this amphora is its rim. While on many, the rim has a hollowed interior (e.g., Mountjoy 1986: fig.171, fig. 206.1), that’s not always the case (e.g. Podzuweit 2007: pl. 73.8, 9, pl. 74). As at Phylakopi, several rim profiles can be recognized (Mountjoy 1999a: 912; Mountjoy 2007b: 346). The one example with a distinctly hollowed rim, 328, is one of the three made in FB ware. Two others, 330 and 567, have slightly hollowed rims, whereas 331 and 697 have thickened, beveled rims. The rims of 329 and 1124 turn out slightly and have distinctly long, rounded exteriors; both are also painted with bands on the interior and exterior. The remaining rim fragments have slightly thickened rims with rounded edges (565, 568) or a flat upper surface (566; cf. Mountjoy 1986: fig. 206.2).

Nos. 840, 1014, 1123 Amphora Two kinds of amphorae have been identified from the location of their handles: belly-handled (FS 58) and rim-handled (FS 69); neither preserves a complete profile. Out of 24 amphora fragments counted, 22 are probably from the rim-handled variety, whereas only two fragments come from the belly-handled type.

Handle profiles vary but are mostly ovoid in section. 1015 has a wavy band painted along its length; 1125 is twisted and painted monochrome though it may possibly come from a trefoil-mouthed jug (see below; also, Chapter 5.4, for its chronological significance; for twisted handles at Lefkandi, Phases 1b and 2, see Popham et al. 2006:163, 199). One base fragment, 332, has a simple, raised profile. Three decorated body sherds, probably from the shoulder, have been attributed provisionally: a tri-curved arch or streamers on 333; the curving tail or loop from the lower handle attachment on 843; and a wavy band on 1016.

Belly-handled amphora (FS 58) This shape seems first to have appeared in LH I and was revived in LH IIIB:2, although it only became part of the standard ceramic repertoire in LH IIIC, when it was widely distributed (Mountjoy 1999a: 1215; Thomatos 2006: 11-14). Its contexts, however, are decidedly funerary, with none reported from Tiryns or Lefkandi, and a single example from Melos, perhaps also from a tomb, to judge from its intact condition (Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no.187; Mountjoy 2007b: 346). The two fragmentary belly-handled amphorae in this assemblage are identified by the horizontal handle on the belly of 564, and the wide, down-sloping rim on 841 (for the handle and rim profiles, cf. Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 135.64, fig. 149.86, fig. 376.187). Typically, 564 has a band of paint along its handle and on the body, below, while 841 has a narrow band on the rim interior, a band on the upper surface of the rim, and monochrome on the neck (cf. Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 42.323).

Nos. 328-333, 565-569, 697, 842, 843, 1015, 1016, 1124, 1125 Alabastron Furumark identified six types of alabastra, all of which are represented in this assemblage (Furumark 1941a: 39-45): rounded (FS 86); straight-sided (i.e., Furumark’s ‘angular-cylindrical’ class) with handles on the shoulder (FS 96); straight-sided with handles attached below the shoulder carination (FS 98); straight-sided with a raised base (FS 97); straight-sided with three legs (FS 99); and straight-sided composite (FS 330). A version of the straight-sided alabastron first appeared in LH IIA, soon after the earliest rounded ones, and versions continued to occur until the end of LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1999a: 12181219). Indeed, from LH IIIA:2 to LH IIIC Middle, the straight-sided alabastron is the third most frequent and widely distributed Mycenaean closed vase, after

Nos. 564, 841 Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) The rim-handled amphora begins in LH IIIB, continues into LH IIIC Early, has its maximum distribution and frequency during LH IIIC Middle, and tapers off by LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: 1216; Thomatos 2006: 6-7; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 143-148; for 148

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

Like the rounded alabastron, this type normally has a solidly painted rim and neck, a patterned shoulder zone delimited by bands, and lines and bands below, to the base (see 1017). The exceptions are 343 and 1126, which may not have had any shoulder decoration, and 846, which is monochrome. Of the seven remaining specimens, four are painted with a diaper net, FM 57 (570, 1017, 1019, 1020), which is the most common shoulder motif on straight-sided alabastra from LH IIIA:1 onwards, regardless of variant (e.g., Mountjoy 1986: 58, fig. 65.2, 3); 341 and 1018 have isolated concentric semicircles, FM 43; 342 has parallel wavy lines.

the stirrup jar and small pithoid jar (for LH IIIC Middle, see Thomatos 2006: 72-78). Since it is virtually impossible to distinguish the FS 96 from the FS 98 without their handle attachments, the rim and body sherds are presented here as FS 96 or 98 (as in Chapter 2). Both versions have tall, relatively narrow incurving necks, down-sloping or thickened rims, sloping shoulders which can be slightly convex, three or sometimes two small arched handles, round in section, straight or slightly concave vertical walls, and a flat or slightly convex base. Their decorative schemes are also similar: a monochrome neck with an interior band, a patterned shoulder zone enclosed by bands, three splashes or a band on the handles, and linear decoration on the sides, to the base. The underside can have concentric circles, as on 351. In this assemblage, the most common shoulder motifs on straight-sided alabastra are isolated semicircles, FM 43, and the diaper net, FM 57.

Nos. 341-343, 570, 846, 1017-1020, 1126 Straight-sided alabastron, handles begin below shoulder (FS 98) Two specimens are sufficiently preserved to classify them as FS 98 (344, 345), as their handles were clearly attached below the shoulder carination; 346 and 347 are borderline cases. While 344 is monochrome with a reserved base, like 846, a type FS 96 specimen, and 347 has a diaper net on the shoulder, as is typical of straight-sided alabastra, 346 has only linear decoration, whereas 345 is unique, with a band on the neck and a shoulder zone of alternating antithetic spirals and triglyphs.

Rounded alabastron (FS 86) The rounded has the longest history of all types of alabastra, from LH I to LH IIIC (Furumark 1941a: 597598 [FS 80-86]). While the shape was popular for much of its lifespan, especially in graves, by LH IIIC Middle, its frequency had waned dramatically (Mountjoy 1999a: 1217). Nonetheless, of the 61 alabastra cataloged here, from a total of 113 counted fragments, 11 were classified as rounded; all were cataloged (Appendix 2ag). The most readily identifiable example, 844, an upper body sherd, has the characteristic tall, incurving neck and thickened rim, painted with a band on the interior, a solid neck and rim, and a narrow patterned zone of a foliate band, FM 64.24, on the shoulder, with bands above and below (cf. Mountjoy 1986: fig. 172). Other fragments preserve a patterned shoulder zone with isolated concentric semicircles, FM 43.1 (336, 698), wavy line, FM 53 (337), diaper net, FS 57.2 (335, 338), triglyph, FM 75.1 (699), cross hatching (339), vertical dashes (340), and bands enclosing lines (845). The most unusual specimen, 334, has three patterned zones: two narrow shoulder zones with zigzags, FM 61.2, and a zone at the handle level with isolated semicircles (FM 43).

No. 344-347 Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) These fragments are identified as straight-sided alabastra from their characteristic high incurving necks and thickened or down-sloping rims, usually solidly painted (348, 571, 847, 1021), their sloping, often convex, shoulders (851), which meet the vertical side walls in a distinct carination (349, 848-850, 853, 1023, 1025, 1127, 1128), and their flat bases (351, 352, 700, 1024), which can be decorated with concentric circles on the underside (351). The following shoulder patterns were recorded (in order of frequency): isolated semicircles, FM 43 (849-851, 1025, 1127); U-pattern, FM 45 (356); broken wavy line, FM 53.7 (355); diaper net, FM 57 (1023); dots (848); UID (1129). Two were painted monochrome (852, 1022); two had lines on the shoulder (571, 1128); one has bands on the lower body (700).

Nos. 334-340, 698, 699, 844, 845 Straight-sided alabastron, handles on shoulder (FS 96)

Nos. 348-356, 571, 700, 847-853, 1021-1025, 1127-1129

As noted above, without evidence for the handle join, body sherds of FS 96 are indistinguishable from FS 98. Thus, although 61 fragments from straightsided alabastra were counted in the assemblage (see Appendices 2a-g), and though most probably come from FS 96, only 10 could be positively identified and cataloged.

Straight-sided alabastron, raised base (FS 97) The straight-sided alabastron with a raised base, either flat or ring, begins in LH IIIC Early and continues into LH IIIC Middle and Late (Mountjoy 1999a: 1218-1219; 149

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

for Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 455, pl. 116.5285). Though never particularly popular or widespread, more examples are known from the east Aegean islands than elsewhere. The two lower body sherds identified here are both painted with even bands.

in ritual activity (Renfrew 1985: 431; see also Chapter 4.5). Nos. 357, 1130 Jug

Nos. 854, 1026

Large jug (FS 106)

Straight-sided alabastron, three-legged (FS 99)

The large jug with handle from rim to shoulder and banded decoration on the rim, base of the neck, and body, FS 105, begins in LH IIIA:2 and continues into LH IIIB (Mountjoy 1999a: 2019). In LH IIIC Early, the rim starts to develop a hollowed interior, FS 106, which continues into LH IIIC Late (for the frequency and distribution of the FS 106, see Mountjoy 1999a: 2019; Thomatos 2006: 56-61, passim; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 131-137, pl. 67; for the ‘lip-handled jug’ at Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 199-202; none have been published from Phylakopi).

The three-legged straight-sided alabastron was invented in LH IIIC Early and continued into LH IIIC Late, enjoying a greater frequency and wider distribution than the FS 97 (Mountjoy 1999a: 1219; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 175-180, pl. 94.6-8, pl. 95.1-5). Two were found in this assemblage: 358 and 359. Interestingly, 358 has the same type of short, straight, rimless neck and handles attached below the shoulder, as found on some FS 98 alabastra, though not on the ones in this assemblage (see however, Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 203.274, 276, fig. 260.164, fig. 385.23, 24). While neither 358 nor 359 preserve legs, their attachments indicate that they were flattened ovoid in section. The function of the perforation on the shoulder of 358 is unexplained, although it may have been similar to the function of the perforation on the shoulders of some collar-necked jars (see e.g., 302, 315, 1011, 1123). Whereas the vertically pierced conical-shaped lugs on the shoulder of 359 were likely used for fastening a lid, as on several other collar-necked jars (see e.g. 310, 562, 1122).

In the Koukounaries Hill assemblage, 27 specimens were identified and cataloged though only 360 preserves its full height and profile, minus the handle. Of these, 13 were made in TB, 12 in FB, and two in WW (see Appendix 2a-f). Painted and UP versions occur in both TB and FB ware. As noted above, the feature which seems to distinguish FS 106 from its predecessor, FS 105, is its rim profile, which begins to have a hollowed interior that deepens over the course of LH IIIC. This trait is observable on several specimens, both painted (360) and UP (1027, 1132). The rims on four specimens, 362-365, turn out slightly, with prominent, elongated rounded exteriors. This same rim profile also occurs on two rim-handled amphorae, 329 and 1124, as noted above. And like 329, 362 and 363 are painted with bands on the rim’s interior and exterior; 364 is monochrome. Other rims have a slightly thickened or rounded edge on both painted (361, 370, 371, 701, 702, 855) and UP jugs (365). Several UP ones have a down-sloping rim (367-369, 573); one UP (572) and one painted jug (1131) have simple out-turned rims.

The painted decoration on 358 and 359 is also unusual for the standard straight-sided alabastron. Rather than limiting the decorative field to a shoulder zone, 358 has two circum-current motifs on the shoulder (isolated semicircles and a row of vertical dashes), and a wide zone on the body of broken wavy lines, FM 53.7. Remarkably, this same combination of shoulder patterns occurs on a three-legged alabastron from Naxos (Vlachopoulos 2006: fig. 19.1716, pl. 65.1716). 359 has a bivalve chain, FM 25.18, on the shoulder, and a large running spiral, FM 46. 54, on the body. Nos. 358, 359

While by definition, these jugs have high, wide, incurving necks, on 361 the neck is oddly short in proportion to its shoulder width (see 361, Comments). Bodies are either globular/ovoid (360), globular (703), or depressed globular, where the maximum diameter is below the mid body (373, 704). Bases can be flat (373), raised (703), raised concave (360), or ring (374). Handles are ovoid in section and painted with a wide band (361, 371, 385) or wavy band (372, 1131). Other than banded decoration, only two jugs are painted with a motif on their shoulders: 703 has a wide wavy band and 1131 has a circle; 364 is a monochrome, although only a rim and neck fragment is preserved.

Straight-sided alabastron, composite (FS 330) Comprised of two conjoined straight-sided alabastra, this type of vase seems to be a product of LH IIIC Early and Middle, although its frequency and distribution is quite limited; Mountjoy cites only five examples (Mountjoy 1999a: 1231). Like the specimen from Phylakopi, the two from this assemblage are painted monochrome black (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 372.137). And like 344 and 846, the base of 1130 is reserved. While 357 was found in Storeroom 1, the discovery of 1130 in the Shrine may suggest that this kind of vase played a role 150

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

Nos. 360-376, 572, 573, 701-704, 855, 1027, 1131, 1132

Nos. 377-386, 574-586, 705, 856-865, 1028-1032, 11331136

Medium jug (FS 110)

Small jug (FS 115)

The medium jug has a long history in Mycenaean ceramics, beginning in LH IIB and continuing into LH IIIC Late, although LH IIIC seems to be its period of greatest frequency; its distribution is primarily on the mainland (Mountjoy 1999a: 1219; none are published from Lefkandi or Phylakopi). Since two jugs which preserve complete profiles, 574 and 575, fall within the range of the medium sized jugs, i.e. from 15-20 cm, they provide the basis for classifying fragmentary rims and bases (Furumark 1941a: 602, no. 110; Mountjoy 1986: 143). Of the 78 ceramics classified as medium jugs, 43 were cataloged. Of these, 20 were made in TB and 58 in FB ware, although nearly all contained mica regardless of the ware (see Appendix 2a-g).

The small jug, FS 115, measures from seven to 12 cm in height (Furumark 1941a: 602-603, no. 115; Mountjoy 1986: 165). The shape begins in Transitional LH IIIBLH IIIC Early and continues into LH IIIC, when it is the most frequent of the three sizes of jugs and has the widest distribution (Mountjoy 1999a: 1220; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 203; none are recorded from Phylakopi). At Koukounaries, 82 fragments were identified of which 15 were cataloged. The four specimens which preserve their full height and profile (387, 587-589), provide the basis for identifying more fragmentary examples. Like their larger counterparts, the small jug was made in TB and FB ware, with and without mica inclusions (see Appendix 2a-f).

Like the large, FS 106, this jug has a single handle from rim to shoulder, though whereas the handle of the large jug is usually ovoid in section, the handle on the medium jug is most often round. The bodies are either globular, as on 574 and 575, or globular/ovoid, as on 377. Bases can be raised (574, 1031) or raised concave (382, 575). The necks are high and tend to be incurving (see e.g., 377, 379, 574, 575, 705). In this regard, they resemble the neck-handled jug, FS 121, although their rims and decorations differ significantly (see below).

And, like their larger counterparts, their handles, which are attached to the rim and shoulder, can be flat or ovoid in section like the large jug (588, 866), or round in section like the medium jug (387, 589). Most of the bodies are squat globular or globular biconical (387, 587-589, 868, 1035, 1036); others are globular (390, 1137). Bases can be raised (587, 1137), raised concave (387, 1035), or ring (588, 589). The rims occur in nearly the same range as on the medium jug, including one with a hollowed interior and flattened upper surface, 866. Only the beveled versions are missing. The most common type is the thickened rim with rounded tip (387, 388, 867, 1033), followed by the simple, lipless out-turned rim (389, 587, 589), and the rim with down-sloping exterior (588, 1034).

The rim profiles of medium jugs can be similar to those of the large jug, FS 106, though there are differences. Like the large jug, there are rims with a down-sloping exterior, all of which are painted (380, 381, 858, 861, 1135) and one UP jug with an interior bevel (581). Most notable however, is the absence of the long, thick, rounded rim, which occurs on both the large jug and amphora (e.g., 362-365, 1124). Yet rims with hollowed interiors occur on a few painted specimens, although the shapes of the rims vary: 378 has a slightly hollowed rim with a tapered tip; 579 has a thick rim with a flattened upper surface; 856 has a rounded tip; 857 and 1029 have beveled interiors. The most common rim has a simple, lipless, out-turned profile; all are painted with bands (377, 574-577, 705, 1028). 583 is UP and has a flattened upper surface. Also common is the rim with a slightly thickened, rounded edge. This occurs on both painted (379, 860, 1133, 1134) and UP jugs (580, 584, 585).

Like their larger counterparts, most small jugs are painted with banded decoration, with one on the rim, another at the base of the neck, two on the belly, and one lower down, near or on the base (387, 589, 866, 868, 1035). Handles can have a wavy band (589) or a straight band (588, 866). Only the very fragmentary 1137 is UP, and only 1036 has a pattern: a paneled zigzag on the shoulder, as on the medium jug, 586; 1034 may have a spiral. What is especially notable is the presence of three monochrome specimens: 390 and 588 are black, a relatively common surface treatment for small jugs during LH IIIC (see 390, Comments); 587 is red with decorative clay pellets attached to its shoulder, a unique surface treatment in this assemblage.

Besides banded decoration, a few body sherds preserve patterns: 586 has a paneled zigzag, FM 75.10; 383, 862 and 863, painted with spirals, are provisionally identified as medium jug fragments. Handles are painted with either a wavy band (574, 575), or a solid one (377, 1028, 1133), three of which have a reserved triangle at the upper attachment (378, 857, 1032).

Nos. 387-390, 587-589, 866-868, 1033-1036, 1137 Neck-handled jug (FS 121) Sometimes called a narrow-necked jug (Furumark 1941a: 603-604; Mountjoy 1999a: 1220; Podzuweit 2007: 151

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

136-137; Thomatos 2006: 61-63), the large, FS 121, is referred to here as a neck-handled jug, since the width of its neck may vary and several medium sized jugs also have narrow necks (e.g., 377, 379, 574-576, 705), whereas the attachment of its handle to the neck and shoulder is invariable (also now, Mountjoy 2007b: 347; Popham et al. 2006: 199, fig. 2.29.1-2, use both terms). While narrow-necked jugs with plain or thick rims and handles attached to the rim or neck, FS 118, begin in LH IIB and are fairly prominent in the LH IIIC ceramic repertoire (Mountjoy 1999a: 1220), the neck-handled FS 121 is never particularly common (Mountjoy 1999a: 1220; Thomatos 2006: 61-63). Indeed, Mountjoy lists 15 widely distributed specimens, from LH IIIC Early to LH IIIC Late, although four come from Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1999a: 1220; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 347; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 132-137, variations 2 and 6; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 199-203).

What also distinguishes 392 is its well levigated FB clay, which has no visible traces of inclusions; certainly, no mica, marble, or beach pebbles. 394 and 401 also appear to lack inclusions; likewise, 1037, the most ornately painted specimen, with a shoulder zone of connected isolated semicircles with solid centers, FM 43.34. Less carefully painted but still ambitious is the shoulder decoration on 397, with wobbly paneled zigzags and rayed circles on the shoulder. The shoulder of 1138 is more carefully executed, but with a common paneled zigzag. 391, the largest example, was made in TB with mica inclusions. Its long, thickened rim is also found on large jugs, though its shoulder decoration, of two bands enclosing a line, does not occur here on other jugs. Notable too, is the boldly painted curved tail at base of its handle band. The only other neck-handled jug made in TB ware, 870, which also has marble inclusions, has a decorative ridge at the base of its neck and was painted with two wobbly stemmed spirals flanking vertical parallel chevrons (cf. FM 51.26).

Thus, the 19 specimens identified here, all of which were cataloged, represent a significant increase to the corpus. Although the FS 121 is the most ornate jug in this assemblage, in terms of profile and decoration, and most are made in FB ware, they also occur in CR (395), and TB wares (391, 393, 590, 591, 1038). Most of the FB and all of the TB specimens have mica inclusions, although 870 was tempered with marble and 395 may have been tempered with crushed red beach pebbles.

A similar decorative ridge at the transition from neck to shoulder also occurs on 1038, one of two UP specimens, and on 395, the only example made in CR ware. Perhaps this was inspired by the strip on metal jugs which covers the seam created when the separately made neck and shoulder are joined (Koehl 1986; also, Podzuweit 2007: 132). Nos. 391-400, 590-591, 869-871, 1037, 1038, 1138

While none has a complete profile, their preserved state suggests that they varied in size from specimens that are at least as large as the large jug, FS 106 (391-393, 396, 397, 869, 1038, 1138), to others which are more equivalent in size to the medium jug, FS 110 (394, 395, 401, 870, 1037). Their bodies can be globular (391, 396, 1038), or ovoid (869). The only base which is preserved, on 1038, is flat raised. Most handles are flattened, ovoid in section (392-395, 590, 591, 869, 1037, 1038, 1138); 396 is round; 391 is a strap with a rounded bulge on its underside.

Trefoil-mouthed jug (FS 137) This shape begins in LH IIIC Middle and seems particularly popular in Attica and the islands (Mountjoy 1999a: 1221; Thomatos 2006: 69-71; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 137-139; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 203; none are published from Phylakopi). The only certain example in this assemblage, 402, was made in a FB ware. It has a down-sloping rim with a slightly hollowed interior and is covered with a dusky red monochrome slip (Mountjoy 1986: fig. 86; for its chronological implications, see Chapter 5.4).

Most of the rims are familiar from the range used for the medium and large jugs. The most common is the lipless out-turned type (393, 871, 1037, 1138). There are also examples of the rim with thickened, rounded tip (869), a thickened rim with rounded interior (870), a thin rim with beveled interior (591), and an out-turned rim with long rounded exterior (391). The wide, downsloping rim on 392, occurs on this type of jug since LH IIIA:2 (e.g., Mountjoy 1986: fig. 86.1). Its prominence and perhaps importance for the shape’s use and meaning, is underscored by its row of carefully painted blobs. Other rims are painted with bands, often on the interior and always on the exterior.

No. 402 Cooking jug (FS 65) Though widespread in domestic contexts starting in LH IIB and continuing into LH IIIC, the only example of a cooking jug in this assemblage is 403 (Furumark 1941a: 38, 595, no. 65; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 207). Made in a TB, M ware, it has the tall everted rim, sloping shoulders, and rounded belly which tapers to a raised base typical of the shape (see 403, Comments, for parallels). Its handle, attached from rim to belly, 152

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

is ovoid in section with a low central ridge, the only embellishment on this UP vase.

see Podzuweit 2007: 148-151; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 199; Phylakopi see Mountjoy 2007b: 347).

No. 403

The ten fragments of hydriae identified here enlarge the known corpus significantly. Of these, seven are made in FB ware with some mica (407, 408, 410, 874, 1139-1141), two are made in TB ware with some mica (409, 594) and one is made in WW (873). Although none preserves a complete profile, 1139 has the essential characteristics of a hydria: one vertical handle from rim to shoulder, and two flanking horizontal handles on the belly (the attachments for one are preserved; a second handle is restored). Its globular/ovoid body, long, rounded rim, and raised, slightly concave base are also typical features (Mountjoy 1986: 144, 166-167). 1140 has a rounded rim with slightly hollowed interior and a globular/ovoid body. Though missing its base, it preserves most of a vertical handle and one horizontal handle.

Lekythos Furumark classified the lekythos and the neck-handled jug, FS 121, as versions of his Form 29: the narrownecked jug. He separated the jug, now normally called a lekythos, by size into FS 122, the smaller, with an average height of 10 cm, and FS 123, the larger, which ranges between 10-18 cm (Furumark 1941a: 603-604). Both types have a similar history, beginning in LH IIIC Early and continuing into LH IIIC Late, and are widely distributed on the mainland and islands (Mountjoy 1999a: 1220; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 203). Small lekythos (FS 122) Although none preserve a full profile, fragments from five small lekythoi were identified. All are made in FB ware and only 872 contained mica. Two of them, 404 and 872, have ring bases, which rarely occurs in this assemblage on any shape, but is typical of the small lekythos, as is the lipless rim, incurving neck, and neck handle of 405 (Mountjoy 1986: 143). The incurving neck also identifies 406, while 592 is identified from the beginnings of its narrow neck, sloping shoulders and squat globular body. 592 is also the only small lekythos painted with a pattern, of isolated cross-hatched lozenges, FM 73y, on the shoulder (see also, below). The reserved lower body and base of 404, which is otherwise monochrome, has chronological implications (see Chapter 2, 404, Comments; on its dating, see Chapter 5.4). While 872 may also have been monochrome, 405 and 406 have bands.

In general, the horizontal handles are round in section whereas the vertical one can be flat ovoid (594) or round ovoid (873, 1139, 1140). The down-sloping rim on 873 is familiar from the medium jug. Several base fragments, provisionally identified as belonging to hydriae, are flat (e.g., 407-410).

Nos. 404-406, 592, 872

Feeding bottle (FS 162)

Large lekythos (FS 123)

Part of the incurving neck and one handle attachment for a ‘basket handle’ are preserved on 411. On the standard feeding bottle, the both ends of the handle are attached to opposite sides of the rim, like a basket, and a spout is attached to the shoulder (cf. Mountjoy 1986: fig. 179). Versions of this vase begin in LH IIA although its popularity increases during LH IIIC when it occurs on the mainland and islands, though mostly in burials (Mountjoy 1999a: 1222; Thomatos 2006: 80-82). The monochrome paint on the neck of 411 is also typical (see Thomatos 2006: fig. 1.250-254, 257, 258).

While fragmentary, seven of the ten specimens preserve traces of painting: 407 has a band on its lower body; 410 and 1139 have a band on the base. The vertical handles of 594 and 873 have carefully painted wavy bands (cf. Mountjoy 1986: fig. 178). 873 has splashes on its horizontal handle and bands on its body, while 1141 has paint on the handle, bands below, and possibly an antithetic spiral motif, FM 50.23, on its shoulder. Nos. 407-410, 594, 873, 874, 1139-1141

Although its neck is missing, the constricted diameter at its opening, as well as its globular body and ring base identify 593 as a lekythos (Mountjoy 1986: 166). Made in a FB, SM ware, 593 is decorated with lozenges on the shoulder, as is 592. No. 593 Hydria (FS 128) The hydria has its beginnings in LH IIA and continues uninterruptedly through LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1999a: 1221; Thomatos 2006: 14-16). Mountjoy lists 23 examples dating to LH IIIC, though surely there are more, especially UP specimens (for painted ones from Tiryns,

No. 411 Stirrup jar The stirrup jar, Furumark’s false-necked jar, is the most frequent of all Mycenaean closed vase shapes, from its 153

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

inception in LH IIA until the end of LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1999a: 1222-1224; for LH IIIC Middle, see Thomatos 2006: 22-46; for LH IIIC Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 158174; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 206-207; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 347). Characterized by a spout on the shoulder, two handles attached to the disc of the ‘false neck’ and shoulder, Furumark separated them into types based on size (large, medium, small) and body shape (e.g., globular, ovoid, squat, biconical) (Furumark 1941a: 610-615).

are classified here as type indeterminate: spouts (414, 706, 1039), false necks (415), a disc top (595), and a large body sherd (416). Like 412, the disc of 415 is painted with a spiral, as is typical for all sizes of stirrup jars (see below). Nos. 412-416, 595, 706, 1039 Medium stirrup jar (FS 175, 181, type indeterminate) A total of 11 specimens have been classified as medium stirrup jars, of which four are globular, FS 175 (596-598, 707) and three are squat, perhaps FS 181 (417, 599, 875). The others are of indeterminate type but identified as medium sized from their base diameters (419, 420) and estimated body diameter (876). Two of the squat jars, 417, and 599, are made in TB ware though only 599 contained mica. All of the remaining medium sized stirrup jars were made in FB ware; 598 also contained traces of mica.

In the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage, the stirrup jar is also the most frequent closed vase, with a total of 180 identified (see Appendix 2g), of which 71 were cataloged (Appendix 2a-f). Of these, eight are large, 11 are medium, and 52 are small. Although most body sherds could not be classified more precisely than by size, their identification as stirrup jars seems fairly certain, judging from their curvature and the fact that the walls of stirrup jars are generally thicker than those of other closed shapes.

As already noted, two types of medium sized stirrup jars were identified in the assemblage. The globular variety belongs to the FS 175 type, which is globular but with steeply sloping shoulders, as is most apparent on 597. The heights of 596 and 597 also fall within the range of the FS 175, rather than that of the other globular type, the FS 174, which tends to be smaller. Another notable feature here is the low, protrusion on the disc of 597 which has chronological significance as it does not occur on stirrup jars before LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1986: 145; Mountjoy 1999a: 572; also, chapter 5.4). Indeed, the FS 175 begins in LH IIIC Early, and is widely popular during LH IIIC Middle and Late (Mountjoy 1999a: 1223; Thomatos 2006: 22-46, classifies them as FS 166-167; Podzuweit discusses these with the small stirrup jar; see Podzuweit 2007: 158-171; one was recorded from Phylakopi; Mountjoy 2007b: 347).

Large stirrup jar (FS 164, FS 167, type indeterminate) Of the eight specimens identified, only the intact, FB specimen, 412, can be classified with certainty as FS 164, Furumark’s ‘big domestic false-necked jar.’ Measuring 38.5 cm from disc top to base, 412 falls comfortably within the parameters for the type, which ranges from 30 to 60 cm in height (Furumark 1941a: 620, no. 164). The shape itself begins in LH IIIA:1, though its heyday is LH IIIB; Mountjoy lists none later than Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early (Furumark 610, no. 164; Mountjoy 1999a: 1222). At Tiryns, the shape occurs in LH IIIA and LH IIIB, seems to virtually disappear in LH IIIC Early, but has a resurgence in LH IIIC Developed (Podzuweit 2007: 171-174). One possible fragmentary example comes from Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006: 147, pl. 22.4); none come from Phylalopi. The painted decoration on the shoulder of 412, a bifurcated triangle motif, may be a stiffened version of the flower or tassel motif which seems to be common on these jars in LH IIIB (Blegen 1928: 150-151; Mountjoy 1999a: 220-222, fig. 70.129). Interestingly, chemical analysis indicates that this jar might be an import from the Argolid (Appendix 1, S15).

The decorative systems employed on these jars is also notable. While typically, the shoulders of stirrup jars have a repeated isolated motif, as on 597, the mixing of patterns on the shoulder of 596 is unusual though not without parallels from within the LH IIIC Early and Middle Developed corpus (e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 304.182, 185). Notable, too, is the preference here for even banded decoration on the body, rather than the traditional system of two bands enclosing a group of fine lines (on even banded decoration, see DegerJalkotzy 2007: 138-140; also see below). This occurs on 419, 598, and 707. Additionally, 596, 598, and 707 have a narrow, patterned zone between the bands on their upper bodies: zig-zags on 596 and 707; cross-hatching on 598.

The only large stirrup jar made in TB ware, 413, can be classified as FS 167 from its distinctive broad, splaying base with central, convex bulge (Furumark 1941a: 611, no. 167). The shape was never common but seems to have had a brief lifespan during LH IIIB into Transitional LH IIIB:2-IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 1222). This specimen, however, is the only published example from a clear LH IIIC context.

The discovery of three medium sized, squat stirrup jars, FS 181, significantly increases the number of published specimens, as this shape is not at all common nor is its

A group of fragments that undoubtedly come from large stirrup jars, all made in FB ware with mica inclusions, 154

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

related shape, FS 180 (Furumark 1941a: 614-615, nos. 180, 181). Indeed, Mountjoy only lists a few specimens dating to LH IIIB and none dated to LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1999a: 1223). Surely, the most unusual is 599, with three-handles, a feature found occasionally on stirrup jars from Crete (Betancourt 1985: 170; Haskell 1985). Yet, its micaceous ware suggests 599 was made on Paros. Another peculiarity is the solid circle painted on its disc, a feature typical of LH IIIA:2 stirrup jars (e.g. Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 69.112, 113, fig. 88.63, fig. 189.149, 152, fig. 253.84-88, fig. 367.78, fig. 444.24, fig. 462.2), whereas all other stirrup jars in this assemblage have an isolated spiral, concentric circles, or a band around the edge (see below, Small stirrup jar).

only be classified as indeterminate, though it is likely that most are globular (429-445, 602-608, 877-887, 1040-1045, 1142). Of the three recognized varieties, seven could be identified with reasonable certainty as globular (421-425, 600, 601), one could be classified as squat perked-up (426), and two as squat (427, 428), although 427 could be perked-up. It seems that the small globular stirrup jar, FS 174, was generally more popular and widely distributed than any other size and shape of stirrup jar, though clearly its heyday was during LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 1223; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 158-171; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 206-207; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 347). Outside of this assemblage, no other examples of the squat perked-up type, FS 180, nor of the squat type, FS 181, have been dated later than LH IIIB, the period to which all extant examples may belong (Mountjoy 1999a: 1223), although Furumark dated the FS 181 to LH IIIC Early (Furumark 1941a: 615, no. 181).

What may link the vase to this assemblage, besides its clay, is its low ring base and the linear decoration on its body consisting of groups of three narrow bands. This same base profile and decoration occurs on 417, one of the other three jars classified here as FS 181, and whose ware, like 599, is TB. It also resembles the linear decoration on 592, a small lekythos. Perhaps the morphological peculiarities exhibited by 599 may be explained by its having been made by an itinerant potter from Crete (on the possible movement of Cretan potters to the mainland, see Rutter 2003: 200; also, see discussion in Chapter 5.3). Although it may also be significant that a very similar linear decoration appears on vases from Rhodes originally dated by Furumark to LH IIIC but recently re-dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIA:2 (Mountjoy 1995b).

Like the medium sized stirrup jars, the small ones also display a range of decorative systems and motifs. Before these are discussed, however, two specimens must be considered. Like the medium sized stirrup jar, 875, the ware and painting on 421 and 600 are similar to each other but stand apart from the rest of the assemblage; 422 might be another. Like 875, their closest parallels are in the Argolid or possibly Boeotia (see Chapter 5.3), and date to LH IIIB:1 (e.g., Mountjoy 1986: fig. 128.1, fig. 129.1). It thus seems possible that like 875, these were also antiques at the time of their final deposition and should not be regarded as characteristic of the local production (see Chapter 5.3, for further discussion). Although there are elements they share with others in the assemblage, such as the tightly wound spiral decoration on the disc, and concentric circles painted on the underside (see below), their main difference is in their linear decoration. All of the purported imported antiques are decorated with groups of two precisely painted bands that enclose multiple, fine lines, in typical mainland Mycenaean fashion.

The shape, ware, and painted decoration of the third squat stirrup jar, 875, is also unusual here; it may be an import. Furthermore, its flat shoulders find their closest comparisons to LH IIIB:1 stirrup jars (e.g. Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 198.228, fig. 257.131-133, fig. 298.103, fig. 415.91-94), as does its decoration (see Chapter 2, 875, Comments). It is thus possible that this jar was an antique at the time of its final deposition (see also Chapter 5; see Chapter 5.3 for further discussion). Nos. 417-420, 596-599, 707, 875, 876

Within the rest of the assemblage, two systems of linear decoration were adopted for small stirrup jar. The most prevalent is the system noted above, with groups of two bands enclosing multiple fine lines. However, when these jars are compared with the ‘antiques’, it is clear that the edges of their bands are not as crisp, nor are their fine lines as thin and evenly drawn and spaced (cf. 424, 426, 427, 442, 606, 608, 883, 885, 886, 887, 1043-1045, 1142). The second system consists of bands, sometimes evenly spaced or grouped (e.g., 423, 425, 428, 445). As on 596, 598 and 707, they can also have a narrow patterned zone on their upper bodies, squeezed between two bands: zigzags on 425, 443, 605, 883, 884; vertical wavy lines on 444, 601, 881; cross-hatching on

Small stirrup jar (FS 174, 180, 181, type indeterminate) The small sized stirrup jar is the most common variety in this assemblage, with 52 specimens cataloged. Indeed, it is second only to the straight-sided alabastron in frequency, though none were found in the Storeroom 3 (Appendix 2a-g). All are made in FB ware, with only a few containing traces of mica; and all are painted. Although only 421 preserves a complete profile, its height of 12.8 cm seems to be the average, and thus provides a basis for estimating the size of more fragmentary specimens. While three distinct varieties were identified -. globular (FS 174), squat perked-up (FS 180), and squat (FS 181) - most of the fragments could 155

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

603; an uncertain motif on 882. It thus seems fair to say that even banded decoration, often with a narrow patterned upper body zone, is characteristics of the local production of FB ware medium and small sized stirrup jars. At Phylakopi, the globular stirrup jars dated to LH IIIC Early also have predominantly banded decoration, with sparing use of fine line groups (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 372.131, 133; on the use of even bands in LH IIIC, see Deger-Jalkotzy 2007, 138-140).

see Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 361.76, fig. 390.52, fig. 440.278, fig. 466.25). The shape may have begun in LH IIIA:2 and continued into LH IIIB, and while fewer than five specimens are known prior to LH IIIC Middle, their distribution favors Rhodes as a point of origin (Furumark 1941a: 616, no. 186; Mee 1982: 41; Mountjoy 1999a: 1224). Rather, until LH IIIC Middle, the standard Mycenaean flask was the small, vertical globular version, FS 189, decorated on both faces with thin, concentric lines (Furumark 1941a: 616, no. 189). This shape was among the most popular Mycenaean ceramic exports to Cyprus, Egypt, and the Levant, alongside the stirrup jar and small piriform jar (Mountjoy 1986: 81, figs. 95-96; Leonard 1994: 8487; Koehl 2010: 82-83). It was also made from two hemispherical bowls joined at their openings, with its mouthpiece inserted at the top, a technique for making flasks which may have its origins in the Levant (see e.g., Amiran 1970: 166-167).

Otherwise, small globular stirrup jars are fairly conventional. Handles are most often painted solid with a small reserved triangle at the junction of the false neck and disc (421, 429, 431-436, 597, 600, 601, 878). Others are painted with bands along the edge (418, 877, 1041), a feature characteristic of LH IIIC (according to J.B. Rutter, pers. comm.), or a solid band (880). Nearly all false necks are concave; only 433 is cylindrical. The discs of the false necks have either a low cone, in which case they are painted either with a tight spiral (421, 431, 435, 601, 880), or concentric circles (436, 877, 878, 1040), or are flat, in which case they are painted with a band around the edge (429, 879, 1041, 1042), spirals (432, 433), or concentric circles (434). Of the nine bases preserved, all are raised, concave except 424, which has a ring base. The undersides of three bases are decorated with concentric circles (421, 437, 600), a feature which occurs on small stirrup jars from LH IIIA:2 onwards (e.g., Mountjoy 1986: fig. 93.1,2, fig. 94.1-3).

When the Mycenaean flask re-emerged in LH IIIC Middle, possibly in the Advanced phase, its distribution seems limited primarily to the Aegean islands (for a possible fragment from Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 182, pl. 96.7). No more than 15 specimens are known, including the three from Koukounaries; seven come from Naxos (Mountjoy 1999a: 1224; Thomatos 2006: 78-80; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 207; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 348; for Naxos, see Vlachopoulos 2006: 130-131). One from Perati is excluded as it is anomalous (Mountjoy 1999a: 594, no. 454). A second one from Perati may be the latest known example (Mountjoy 1999a: 619, no. 586; also, below). Yet despite the paucity of extant specimens, it is possible to separate them into large, medium, and small sizes.

The patterns which decorate the shoulders of these small stirrup jars also derive from a tradition which began in LH IIIA:2, when the unvoluted flower, FM 18C, emerged as the most common motif, as it is in this assemblage (Mountjoy 1986: 67-69). The unvoluted flower appears on nine examples (421, 426, 429, 441, 600, 603, 879, 1044, 1142), followed by five examples of the semicircular or hooked multiple stem and tongue, FM 19 (427, 430, 601, 602, 604). Two examples of isolated parallel chevrons, FM 58.17 (422, 822), and one of isolated semicircles filled with triangular patch (FM 41.21, 22) (423) occur, along with four unidentifiable motifs (431, 444, 606, 607).

Large lentoid flask The largest, 446, is also one of the largest vases in the entire assemblage, to judge from its height of 33.8 cm, measured at the junction point (i.e., its maximum diameter) of its two hemispherical components; at least another 10 cm should be added for its mouthpiece. Two flasks are remarkably similar to 446 in their scale and decoration. One from Kea measures 42 cm in height and, like 446, is decorated with a rather tight, wavy band along the joining seam, while the bowls are painted with an unusual linear system of two narrow bands flanking a single wide band (Mountjoy 1999a: 84, no. 76). This is the reverse of the standard system of two bands enclosing fine lines though it also occurs occasionally on other closed shapes in LH IIIC (e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 327.585, fig. 388.42). Interestingly, these same two decorative features occur on a flask from Rhodes, which measures 41 cm in height (Mountjoy 1999a: 1074, no. 278). Indeed, like 446, the wavy band on its joining seam is actually an even band painted with wavy edges.

Nos. 421-445, 600-608, 877-887, 1040-1045, 1142 Lentoid flask (FS 186) Three fragmentary vases have been identified as vertical, lentoid flasks from their distinctive profiles, manufacturing technique, and painted decoration. All are made in FB ware with some mica, fashioned from two hemispherical ‘bowls’ joined at their openings. Though none preserves the mouthpiece, parallels indicate that a cylindrical neck would have been inserted through a circular opening cut at this junction and a single, vertical handle would have been attached from the neck to the upper body (for profiles, 156

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

The fact that these three large flasks of approximately the same, unusually large size, and painted with the same unusual and specific decorative systems and syntax, were discovered on Aegean island sites, is surely significant. While the clay of 446 seems to be local, to judge from the presence of mica, the clays of the other two are unknown. Thus, it is possible that these three vases derive from the same workshop and arrived on ship as part of an inter-island trade network. However, if the clays are all local, the possibility exists that these are the products of the same itinerant potter (for further discussion, see Chapter 5.3).

No. 447 Lid Furumark (1941a: 642-643) divided cylindrical or straight-sided lids into two types: handleless (FS 334) and handled (FS 335). He further separated the handleless type into three varieties based on the shape of their tops: (a) flat-topped; (b) conical; (c) domed. His second variety, the conical, has been found only in the ‘Potter’s Shop’ at Zygouries, and is actually a group of approximately 100 small, UP shallow angular bowls with a centrally perforated base which may have been used as a type of funnel (discussed in Koehl 2006: 10, illustrations 6, 7). The handleless flat-topped and domed varieties, however, are both well represented in the present assemblage, in which 44 fragments were identified, and 14 were cataloged; no examples of FS 335 were found.

Nos. 446 Medium lentoid flask A body sherd, 609, preserves a maximum height of 24.5 cm, at the junction point of its two hemispherical components, to which another 5 cm should be restored for its mouthpiece. A flask from Naxos provides a good parallel for its scale (Vlachopoulos 2006: 400, no. 1831, fig. 25, pl. 52.1831; Mountjoy 1999a: 957, no. 53, fig. 390.53). Unlike the large flask, 609 is painted with a mixture of linear systems, including the standard variety of two bands enclosing a group of fine lines as well as the system noted above for the large flask, of a wide band enclosed by two narrow bands. A small flask from Perati, perhaps the latest example, is also painted with mixed linear decoration, here of groups of even bands and bands enclosing lines; it also has two wavy bands on its side (Mountjoy 1999a: 619, no. 586, dated to LH IIIC Late). The vase from Naxos, referenced above, is painted with what appears to be a careless rendering of the systems used for the large flask. While it is unlikely to have been a product of the same putative potter that made the large flasks, it clearly is made in emulation of these finer products. The other flasks from Naxos may be the products of a single workshop; they are painted mostly with wide bands (e.g., Vlachopoulos 2006: 130131, pl. 20.1825, 1826, pl. 21.1836, pl. 39.1832, 2056).

In addition to the straight-sided lids, there are two circular, disc-shaped lids, discussed separately, below. Straight-sided lid (FS 334) The straight-sided lid has a long history, starting in LH IIA and continuing uninterruptedly through LH IIIC, the period of their maximum popularity and distribution (Mountjoy 1999a: 1231; for a group from the Mycenaean fountain on the Acropolis, see Broneer 1939: 385.16, fig. 65a-j; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: 186-189; for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 197-198; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 2007b: 357). Perhaps their popularity in LH IIIC is due to the popularity of the vases with which they are likely to have been used. All have a single perforation in the center and lipless vertical sides. As Podzuweit points out, their cylindrical shape clearly indicates that the neck of the vase which they were intended to cover was also cylindrical (Podzuweit 2007: 188). Furumark originally thought these lids were suitable for collar-necked jars, a shape which also sees a steep rise in popularity during LH IIIC; indeed, one was found in situ with its lid (Furumark 1941a: 642, no. 334.6). It is also clear that the smaller ones were used to cover straight-sided alabastra, since both single and composite alabastra exist with their lids in place; they could also cover boxes, FS 12 (for detailed discussion, see Podzuweit 2007: 188; also, Popham et al. 2006: 197; Mountjoy 1986: 120. 154; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 383.1, fig. 436.254, Mountjoy 2007b: 357; Thomatos 2006: 134; Vlachopoulos 2006: 146, 455, no. 5388, pl. 117.5288; for a ‘posed’ photograph with a collar-necked jar, see 301b). The central perforation might have functioned as an air-hole, to release steam from the vessel it covered, or simply an opening for fastening a string to lift the lid.

No. 609 Small lentoid flask A body sherd which preserves the junction of the two hemispherical components and the decoration of two lines flanking a wide band is thus identified as a flask. In scale, it might be similar to ones from Kalymnos and Perati, both of which measure approximately 18 cm in height (Mountjoy 1999a: 619, no. 586, 1136, no. 25). As noted above, the one from Perati is painted with a mixture of linear systems, as is the vase from Kalymnos, although both still preserve the traditional wavy bands painted along the sides.

157

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

As noted above, 14 of the 44 fragments from lids were cataloged; all are FB ware and only 960 and 1168 have traces of mica. Of the 14, five preserve enough of their profiles to distinguish the two variations in the shape of their tops, as first recognized by Furumark. 449, 450, 621, 622 are flat-topped; 448, 623 and possibly 451 and 453 are domed (or ‘beehive”). Both versions are painted either with alternating groups of fine lines and single bands (448 and 449) or simply bands; 622 has lines around the center and otherwise just bands. Only 624, a body sherd, perhaps from the top, has patterned decoration: a lozenge chain, FM 73i. Nos. 448-455, 621-624, 960, 1168

also seem to have been embellished with two kinds of applied decoration. Thick bands were attached to cover and strengthen the joins between the coils from which the walls of these large jars were built (for Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: pl. 28.5). Thinner strips of clay with pinched surfaces were used to create decorative ‘rope’ patterns. The fragment published here preserves both a raised band and rope decoration. However, whereas normally, the rope decoration consists of linear patterns, the pinched clay strips on 724 depict a bird-like creature. While the appearance of a figure in relief on a pithos may be unique, it may also reflect the interest in depicting creatures like those that appear on kraters, such as 540.

Disc-shaped lid

No. 724

The two disc-shaped lids have only their circular outlines in common. While 457 is a plain, flat, CR ware disc with smoothed edges, 456 was wheel-made, with tapering edges and four perforations evenly placed around the edge. On its underside is a flange, that might have helped secure the lid in place, while its upper surface was painted with a wide band surrounding four concentric lines; the underside also has traces of a band. To date, no parallels for this lid have been encountered.

Rhyton? The perforation in the base of 1076, a fragmentary FB, SM closed vase decorated with bands, seems to have been made after it was fired, as suggested by the abraded surface area surrounding the perforation. It is hard, however, to imagine its use. Were it used as an open shape, depending on how it was held, it could have functioned as a lid or funnel. As a closed shape, however, which it seems to have been, it might have functioned as a kind of rhyton. During LH IIIB:1, the bases of several different closed vases, mostly jugs and hydriae, were perforated before firing for use as rhyta, most likely in libation rituals (see Koehl 2006: 53-59, 214-218, 274-276 [Type IV]). Most of these, however, come from funerary contexts, and none date later than LH IIIB:1. Perhaps then, 1076 reflects the kind of nostalgic or archaizing behavior, which seems characteristic of the era (Koehl 2018a; see also Chapter 5.3).

No. 456, 457 Grill Stand A fragmentary UP ceramic object, made in a TB, slightly micaceous ware, comes from the lower body and base of a cylindrical grill stand (I owe this identification to Paros Museum guard, Demetrios Mentis). Thus, its flat, curved upper surface comes from the lower part of a circular opening, cut before firing, which would have been used to support a removable roasting spit (also Catling 2009: 429-430). A fragmentary specimen from Mycenae also preserves traces of burning on its surface, suggesting that the implement would have been set over fire (French 2011 CD: 481-482, no. 66-503).

No. 1076 Terracotta wheel-made bovid figurine The solid, right front leg from a FB, SM terracotta bovid, 1169, is all that remains from what was probably a fairly large statuette or figure. Its discovery here in D5, within a room identified as a shrine from its worked bedrock platform and multiple paved and pebbled floors, recalls the find contexts of its closest parallels from the shrines at Phylakopi and elsewhere in the Aegean during LH IIIC Middle (French 1985: 236-252; Guggisberg 1996: 216-218, passim).

No. 961 Relief Pithos (FS 13) During the excavation and subsequent pottery washing and preliminary sorting in preparation for conservation, a minimum of 50 pithos jars were recorded, all of which belong to Furumark’s flat based variety (Furumark 1941a: 586, no. 13A; for pithoi from Lefkandi, see Popham et al. 2006: 210-211). While these will be published in a separate study, it can be noted that most were made in CR ware, although they vary in hue and surface treatment; some were slipped, some smoothed, and others were neither. They also occur in a range of profiles, from ovoid to globular. Most

While the actual function of these large figures remains open to discussion (French 1985: 276-280; Guggisberg 1996: 318-356), perhaps those with firing holes through the legs, rear, or top of the head, were meant for display as cult images or votives (e.g., French 1985: figs. 6.17, 6.19; Guggisberg 1996: 330-331), while those with openings through the snout or even chest might have 158

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

been used for pouring libations (e.g. French 1985: fig. 6.16). However, the ones with spouts on their backs might have been used as a kind of drinking vase (French 1985: fig. 6.21, fig. 6.23.1561), especially if a tube were inserted in the spout, a custom which may ultimately derive from earlier Hittite practices (Guggisberg 1996: 331; Koehl 2018b: 62-63, 66-67).

is not surprising, considering that monochrome black and red were the predominant surface treatments for deep bowls from the main occupation phase, with four times as many black as red (Appendix 3a-g). What changes is the ware and profile. Instead of the standard FB ware with occasional mica inclusions, these bowls are TB and use crushed marble, rather than mica, for a tempering agent. Furthermore, while the rims on main phase deep bowls are rather straight or flare slightly, continuing to a subtle convex body curve, the rims on the reoccupation deep bowls have a deeper flare with more rounded bodies, giving them a rather bell-shaped appearance, like those from Lefkandi, phases 2b and 3; none preserve bases (Popham et al. 2006: 170-171, 176177). The reserved rectangular area on 1172, where the handles were attached, is notable and has chronological implications (see Chapter 2, 1172, Comments, and Chapter 5.4).

No. 1169 4.4 Reoccupation phase pottery The shapes which comprise the ceramic assemblage associated with the reoccupation of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill are mostly the same as those from the main occupation phase, but significantly reduced in range, decorative vocabulary, and number. Only the neck-handled amphora is new (see below). Every fragment of pottery retrieved from reoccupation phase contexts was counted which resulted in the recognition of a minimum of 31 vases; a group of body sherds could only be classified as UID large (1189-1200) or medium (1201) closed vases.

Nos. 1170-1172 One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) Although the one-handled conical bowl is among the least common open shapes in the main occupation phase assemblage, it is among the few open shapes that continue into the reoccupation phase. It is also the only shape now made in FB ware. Though neither of the two fragments preserves a full profile, they are identified by their distinctive incurving, lipless rims. And, like the earlier specimens, they have monochrome and banded interiors. In other words, this shape appears to continue unchanged.

The small number of specimens from these contexts must surely reflect the diminished population inhabiting the Koukounaries Hill during this phase of its history (on the dating, see Chapter 5.4). Furthermore, the absence of once common shapes, such as the kylix, straight-sided alabastron, and stirrup jar, may reflect changes in the standard of living and dietary habits of its occupants (on the distribution of shapes, see Chapter 4.5). What is perhaps most striking is the dramatic increase in the number of vases now made in WW (for a similar pattern at Lefkandi, Phases 2b and 3, see Popham et al. 2006: 169, 175). While there are both open and closed vases from the main occupation phase that were made in WW, they are few in number (see Appendix 2a-g). However, among the pottery from this phase, of the 31 cataloged specimens, 24 were made in WW. This includes examples from every shape except the deep bowls and one-handled conical bowls, which were made in TB and FB, respectively (see below). The second striking change is in the decoration. Out of the nearly 50 different patterns or motifs found on the pottery from the main occupation phase, only the spiral and a wavy border triglyph (1201) survives. Rather, tassels, loops, and bands predominate on large closed shapes, which comprise the majority of vases in this assemblage (Mountjoy 1986: 156).

Nos. 1173-1174 Ring-based krater (FS 282) Of the three types of kraters found in the main occupation phase - stemmed (FS 9), ring-based (FS 282), and ring-based angular (also FS 282) - only the standard ring-based continues. Of the three specimens identified, 1175 is made in TB ware, while 1176 and 1177 are WW. Interestingly, the profiles and decoration on these distinguish them from the ring-based kraters of the main occupation phase. Whereas the rims on the latter are everted and taper (cf. e.g. 539), the rims on these kraters are pulled out with a flat upper surface. And while the kraters from the main phase are decorated with a wide range of motifs, 1176 and 1177 have three bands on the interior and running spirals on the exterior (for parallels from Lefkandi, phase 3, see Popham et al. 2006: 178, fig. 2.13.8. 9).

OPEN SHAPES Deep bowl (FS 284) The three deep bowls found in reoccupation contexts have monochrome black interiors and exteriors. This 159

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1189 and 1190 are decorated with large spirals; 11911195 have curvilinear decoration, perhaps from tassels; 1196-1200 have bands; 1201 has a triglyph with wavy border.

Nos. 1175-1177 CLOSED SHAPES Neck-handled amphora (FS 70)

Nos. 1189-1201

Although the belly-handled amphora, FS 58, continues, the more common rim-handled amphora, FS 69, seems to have been replaced by the neck-handled, FS 70. The three specimens from this assemblage are made in WW. The rims on 1178 and 1179 have a long, rounded exterior, a hollowed interior, and banded decoration on the interior and exterior. While these traits occur on some rim-handled amphorae from the main occupation phase, such as 329 and 1124, the hollow rim interiors on 1178 and 1179 are much more pronounced here. In addition, these amphorae are decorated with doublelined tassel patterns on the shoulders (also 1192, 1193), bands at the base of the neck, shoulder, and lower body, elongated crosses on the handles of 1178 and 1180, and loops around the base of the handle on 1180. Similar tassels and loops occur on pottery from the Mycenaean fountain on the Athenian Acropolis (Broneer 1939: fig. 179e, f = Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 218.433, 434, dated to LH IIIC Middle). Several of these features also occur on pottery from Lefkandi Phase 3 (Popham et al. 2006: 179; the chronological implications are discussed in chapter 5.4).

4.5 Internal distribution patterns One of the primary reasons for selecting the contexts presented here was to see whether their ceramic assemblages differed from each other and if so, whether these differences might be used to help explain their respective functions, as a supplement to conclusions based on their architectural setting (discussed in Koehl 2018a: 425-430). Furthermore, recognizing patterns in the distribution of the pottery could help identify some of the activities that occurred in these contexts. It must however be acknowledged that this endeavor is selective in that it does not take account of the other artifacts found there which might have been used in association with the pottery, notably the pithoi and nearly all cooking vessels. Nor is it possible without chemical analyses to account for the organic remains or the consumables for which, presumably, the pottery was made. Nonetheless, there are some distribution patterns which can be observed based on the data presented in Appendix 2. Admittedly, this data and the patterns derived from it can be interpreted variously. Hence, the following comments are not offered as definitive or final, but rather to stimulate discussion (see Stockhammer 2011, for the distribution and social interpretation of LH IIIC Early pottery at Tiryns).

Nos. 1178-1180 Belly-handled amphora (FS 58) As noted above, this is one of the few shapes that occur in both the main occupation phase ceramic assemblage and the reoccupation phase, though only two specimens come from the former and one from the latter and none preserve a complete profile. The classification of 1181 is based on the placement of its handle. Made in WW, it has a tightly wound running spiral on its belly.

The most obvious pattern highlights the frequency of the deep bowl, kylix and low-stemmed cup. In every context, the deep bowl is the most frequent shape, comprising 23% of the total of all vases, except in the lower deposit of the East-West Corridor, where the kylix is more frequent. In all other contexts, the kylix is second in frequency, although in Storeroom 2, the lowstemmed cup is more common than the kylix. Storeroom 2 also contained the largest number of TB medium sized jugs and FB dippers. Still, Storeroom 1 was the largest and contained the greatest number of vases in the widest range of shapes. Indeed, every shape that occurs on the site, including nearly every singleton, was found in Storeroom 1. Although the ceramic assemblage from Storeroom 3 was the smallest of the three storerooms, it contained a surprising number of vases made in TB ware which in other contexts were made in FB ware. This includes deep spouted cups, dippers, and a few singletons (see also above, Chapter 4.3). Perhaps the presence of these TB vases is connected to the function of this storeroom as a larder, where food may have been stored and processed, as suggested in Chapter 2.

Nos. 1181 Large jug or amphora (FS 106 or 70) A group of WW rim fragments belong either to jugs or amphorae. Several rims have a hollowed interior (less pronounced on 1182) and are painted with linear decoration on the interior and exterior (11821184). Four neck fragments are included (1185-1188), decorated with bands and perhaps a tassel on 1187. Nos. 1182-1188 UID closed vase fragments A group of sherds come from UID large (1189-1200) and medium (1201) sized closed vases. All are made in WW. 160

Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions

The pottery from the East-West Corridor (Context 4) was selected for study on the assumption that this assemblage was in actual use at the time of the building’s destruction, rather than in storage, and thus might shed light on diurnal activities. This seems especially likely to be the case with the pottery from the Upper Deposit which, as discussed in Chapter 2, was identified as coming from the upper floor, where the actual living quarters were located (Schilardi 1995: 487-488). First, it may be noted that after Storeroom 1, the ceramic assemblage from the Upper Deposit was the largest. And as in Storeroom 1, deep bowls and kylikes are the most frequent shapes represented. Indeed, if the low-stemmed cup and deep semiglobular cup from the Upper Deposit are counted with the kylix, then the ratio of deep bowls to kylikes and cups is nearly equal, as it was in Storeroom 1.

With regard to closed vessels, after Storeroom 1, the largest number of large collar-necked jars comes from the Upper Deposit. However, what stands out is the large number of straight-sided alabastra, medium jugs, small jugs, and small stirrup jars from these contexts. Both Storeroom 1 and the Upper Deposit contained a minimum of 33 straight-sided alabastra, the most from any context. However, the Upper Deposit yielded the largest number of medium and small jugs, with a minimum of 17 medium and 44 small jugs identified. These numbers increase to 29 medium jugs and 58 small jugs when the pottery from the Lower Deposit is added. The only other context with nearly so large a number of medium jugs is the Shrine, and only Storeroom 3 yielded a significant number of small jugs, besides the corridor deposits. As just noted, the second largest number of medium jugs from the site came from the Shrine, Context 5, whose identification as such was based partly on its architecture, with its bedrock outcropping incorporated, perhaps for use as a platform or altar, and series of paved and plastered floors, as well as the discovery of the leg from a large bovid-shaped figure, 1169, whose closest parallels come from the shrines at Phylakopi, as noted above. This space also yielded 1130, a composite, straight-sided alabastron, a vessel which is thought to have had a use in ritual, perhaps to contain offerings (for its use in cult at Phylakopi, see Renfrew 1985: 431). Otherwise, the Shrine’s contents are indistinguishable from the other contexts. Like them, deep bowls and kylikes comprise the commonest shapes and, as elsewhere, they occur in virtually equal numbers. Perhaps it is significant, though, that the largest number of ring-based kraters from any context comes the Shrine. As a sherd from Lefkandi clearly reveals, kraters and kylikes functioned together (Crouwel 2006: pl. 71). Perhaps, then, the vases here indicate that food and beverage were consumed in the Shrine. The presence of several hydriae in the Shrine might be explained by its proximity to the north entrance, whose staircase led down to a fresh-water stream, the site’s main water supply (Figure 2; also, Koehl 2018a: 428, pl. 22.3). What cannot be determined, however, is whether they were deposited here as votives or as relics from a ritual.

From this distribution pattern, it may be surmised that the function of deep bowls and cups was not redundant but rather, complementary. It seems most likely that the deep bowl was used for consuming solid food or stews, whereas the kylix, low-stemmed, and semiglobular cups were drinking vessels. With regard to these different drinking vessels, it is also worth considering the possibility that their users also differed, with regard to age, rank, or gender (e.g., Wright 2004: 17-25). It would be interesting to know, e.g., if using a patterned kylix, particularly those with whorl-shells, was a mark of prestige. Although how this might be tested and proven is a question for future researchers. Next in frequency among the open shapes from Storeroom 1 and the Upper Deposit of the East-West Corridor is the deep spouted cup, whose function as either a pouring or drinking vessel also remains an open question, although the latter function is advocated here (see Chapter 4.3). The largest number of UP basins comes from the Upper Deposit. The grill stand, 961, also comes from the Upper Deposit. From its presence, and the large number of deep bowls and drinking vessels, it may thus be inferred that food and beverage were consumed on the upper floor. And like the lyre player painted on a wall of the megaron in the palace at Pylos, we might infer that the lyre player depicted on 970, a low-stemmed cup from the Lower Deposit, represented the kinds of musicians who entertained the diners upstairs (Koehl 2018a: 438-439).

161

Chapter 5

Relative chronology of the pottery two LH IIIC ceramic assemblages are the same, finding precise synchronisms presents challenges.

5.1 Introduction The primary aim of this chapter is to provide relative dates for the pottery associated with the sequence of events that comprise the biography of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill: its foundation, occupation, destruction, and reoccupation. In the absence of historical records and a reliable series of radiocarbon dates, the chronology of these events relies entirely on the dates ascribed to the pottery since, in Aegean Bronze Age archaeology, chronological periods are defined by ceramic phases. However, in the absence of a complete stratified sequence with every ceramic period represented, the dating of the Koukounaries ceramics, and consequently the events associated with the site, relies on their synchronization with assemblages from other Aegean sites, and the dates currently ascribed to them (e.g. Mountjoy 1999a: 38-41, table II; Rutter 1977; on the absolute chronology of LH IIIC, see Jung and Weniger 2004; Manning 200607; Manning et al. 2017; Wardle et al. 2014; Weniger and Jung 2009; Yasur-Landau 2003).

It is therefore not surprising that the dates which have previously been reported for the Koukounaries Mycenaean pottery have varied widely. The preliminary publication of intact UP rounded kylikes and low-stemmed cups may have led to the belief that the destruction of the Koukounaries Hill building complex occurred during the palatial era in LH IIIB, when these shapes were commonly UP (Schilardi 1977: 364, 370, 371, n. 1, pl. 186γ). Similarly, the assemblage at Phylakopi was initially believed to date to LH IIIB (Mountjoy 2007b: 344). However, after a preliminary study of the pottery from Storeroom 2 in 1981 and 1982, this author dated the occupation and destruction to LH IIIC Developed (Koehl 1984). Nonetheless, a date of LH IIIB:2 for the main destruction level continues to be cited (Mee 2008: 368). The date of LH IIIC Developed was based on synchronisms with Mycenae, Tiryns, and Lefkandi, although it was acknowledged then that there were stylistic elements in the assemblage which recalled earlier pottery of LH IIIB:1, LH IIIB:2, and LH IIIC Early dates (Koehl 1984: 21). Furthermore, in the belief that the Koukounaries pottery, the pottery from the main collapse of the Phylakopi shrines, Phase 2b (Mountjoy 1984: 225), and the early LH IIIC phase in the temple on Kea (Ervin Caskey 1984: 243-245), represented the earliest LH IIIC assemblages in the Cyclades, a local Cycladic sequence was proposed, with these assemblages dating to Late Cycladic (LC) IIIC Early, i.e., contemporary with LH IIIC Developed on the mainland (Koehl 1984: 220-221, Table 1). The next phase then, LC IIIC Middle, would be represented by the pottery from the Koukounaries reoccupation levels and the cemeteries of Aplomata and Kamini on Naxos, i.e., contemporary with LH IIIC Advanced (Koehl 1984: 220-221, Table 1).

5.2 Previous discussions Since Desborough’s seminal study of the LH IIIC period, it has been generally recognized that the largely homogeneous Mycenaean pottery style from the preceding LH IIIA and IIIB periods was replaced in LH IIIC by a multiplicity of styles that vary by region (Desborough 1964; Mountjoy 1999a: 44-47, 50-51, 53-55; Rutter 1992: 65-67; Thomatos 2006: 135141). Furthermore, there also appear to be changes in the typological range and frequencies of vessel forms during LH IIIC, with certain shapes increasing significantly in number, such as the kalathos, amphoriskos, and collar-necked jar, while others continue to be popular, such as the kylix, deep bowl, shallow angular bowl, stirrup jar, and straight-sided alabastron, while still others first appear, such as the three-legged and composite alabastra, the trefoilrimmed jug, the lekythos, and large flask (see Chapter 4.3). In addition, it also seems clear that preferences for certain shapes vary by region. For example, whereas the one-handled conical bowl is very popular at Lefkandi, it is rare at Koukounaries, and while the kylix is very popular at Koukounaries, it is rare at Lefkandi (see Popham et al 2006: 184-187; this situation is discussed in detail in Rutter 1977; also, Rutter 2007; see, too, chapter 4.3). Thus, because no

However, as a result of subsequent studies, the dates for the destruction and reoccupation of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill originally proposed by this author (Koehl 1984), have been revised here. Now that LH IIIC Early pottery is known in the Cyclades, e.g. at Ayios Andreas on Siphnos (Mountjoy 1999a: Table II, 887), the Cycladic-based chronology proposed previously should also be disregarded. Additionally, some synchronisms require revisions on account of Mountjoy’s lowering of the dates of the Lefkandi 162

Relative chronology of the pottery

ceramic/chronological phases (Mountjoy 1999a: 38-40; Mountjoy 2007a: 221-222).

no imported vases from the site. Certainly, during LH IIIC Advanced, the movement of pottery can be clearly demonstrated by the finding of Octopus Style stirrup jars on Rhodes that were made on Crete and Kos (e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: 1045-1051; on post-palatial Bronze Age trade and imported objects in 12th century Greek contexts, see Murray 2017 and 2018). Rather, what is surprising is the paucity of vases that seem to have been imported to the Koukounaries Hill settlement.

Mountjoy’s dating of the Koukounaries pottery also needs to be addressed. Based on the resemblance of many of the Group A and Linear deep bowls with monochrome interiors to LH IIIC Early deep bowls, Mountjoy dated the founding of the site to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: Table II; on the characteristics of LH IIIC Early pottery, see French 1969; Kardamaki 2009: 197-200; Kardamaki 2015: 89-93; Mountjoy 1986: 134-135; Mountjoy 1999a: 43-44; Stockhammer 2007: 54-60; Vitale 2006). Yet, as she also identified features that equate with LH IIIC Developed and Advanced, she placed the main occupation in LH IIIC Developed, and its destruction in LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: Table II). However, in her catalog of the pottery, she dated nearly all of the ceramics broadly to LH IIIC Early-LH IIIC Middle (developed), singling out a few specimens which she dated to LH IIIC Middle (advanced) (Mountjoy 1999a: 932-937). It is these latter vases that presumably provided the LH IIIC Advanced date for the destruction.

Based on chemical analysis, four vases were identified as imports: 89, a deep semiglobular cup, 412, a large stirrup jar, 421, a small stirrup jar and 301, a large collarnecked jar (Appendix 1). The analysis seems to show that 89 was made in Attica, which corresponds well with its closest parallels from Perati (see Chapter 2, 89, Comments). Chemical analysis of the large stirrup jar, 412, and the large collar-necked jar, 301, suggest that they are products of the Argolid. While 412 has visual parallels, especially from Zygouries, located between Corinth and Mycenae (see Chapter 2, 412, Comments), based on autopsy of its clay, paint, and decoration, 301 could easily ‘pass’ as a local product.

Dating this pottery based on style has its limitations, especially since some vases from the main occupation level appear to imitate or continue earlier styles of Mycenaean pottery. In this context it is worth noting Catling’s words on the deep semi-globular cups from the Menelaion, which look like they straddle several phases, and whose dating was crucial to understanding the ceramic sequence there (Catling 2009: 378). Thus, in his discussion of the so-called ‘Transitional LH IIIB2/IIIC Early’ phase, Catling, ‘was inclined to see the Transitional LH IIIB2/IIIC Early phase as the period when the ceramic markers that distinguish LH IIIC Early first make their appearance, and see it as the point at which LH IIIC starts’ (Catling 2009: 378).

Although the provenance of the small stirrup jar, 421, was not identified, its chemical composition indicates it was not locally made. Interestingly, its closest visual parallel comes Boeotia, dated to LH IIIB:2 or LH IIIC Early (Chapter 2, 421, Comments; also discussed below, Chapter 6). Two other stirrup jars, 600, and 875, neither of which were analyzed, look like imports, whose closest parallels are also datable to LH IIIB (Chapter 2, 600 and 875, Comments). Considering their likely dates of manufacture, it would appear that 421, 600, and 875, were not just imports but might also be classified as antiques, a more neutral term than heirloom, which implies that the object in question was inherited by an heir of its original owner. Considering that there are no known sites on Paros dating to LH IIIB:1 or 2, and certainly there is no evidence for one on the Koukounaries Hill, the presence of these antique vases begs for explanation. While it is certainly possible that they were acquired through inheritance, there are alternative possibilities (for a discussion of antique vases in LH IIIC Early contexts at Tiryns, see Stockhammer 2011: 216-219).

In addition to the UP kylikes and low-stemmed cups which resemble LH IIIB and LH IIIC Early counterparts, the stems of two kylikes, 23 and 24, and probably a body sherd, 635, are painted with narrow paneled patterns that seems most likely to derive from the socalled Zygouries style kylix of LH IIIB:1 (Mountjoy 1986: 115). Similarly, at Phylakopi, a fragment of a so-called Zygouries kylix came from a Phase 2b to 3c context, i.e., LH IIIC Developed into LH IIIC Advanced, although Mountjoy dated it stylistically to LH IIIB:1 (Mountjoy 1985: 178, no. 170, fig. 5.15.170). Like some of the vases discussed below, perhaps it was an antique, or possibly an example of archaizing pottery, which seems to be one of the characteristic elements of the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage, discussed below.

Below, it will be argued that itinerant potters were cir-culating in the Mediterranean during the 12th century who specialized in various styles including ‘archaizing’ vases like the ones discussed below. This idea has been largely overlooked in discussions about the diffusion of the LH IIIC regional koine pottery styles, although movements of people, in general, are an accepted phenomenon of the period (Thomatos 2006: 142, 145-148). Perhaps it was these same putative itinerant potters who also trafficked in antique stirrup jars.

5.3 Imports, antiques, archaizing vases, and itinerant potters Considering its location, overlooking a bay on a central Cycladic island, it would be surprising if there were 163

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

In this assemblage, several drinking vases may be classified as ‘archaizing,’ as it appears that they were intentionally made to look old fashioned by imitating shapes and decorations from earlier periods. Reference has already been made to the three kylikes that appear to imitate the LH IIIB:1 Zygouries style: 23, 24, and 635. To this group may be added 727, another kylix which on first glance could easily be dated to LH IIIB:1, from its everted rim, banded rim decoration, and its finely painted whorl-shell (see Chapter 2, 727, Comments). However, its FB, SM clay points towards a local manufacture.

8, 9, 18; pl. 16B.2; pl. 52.8). Besides the Koukounaries assemblage, the motif apparently remains popular only at Tiryns, particularly on kraters (Podzuweit 2007: pl. 23.3, pl. 24.1,2; on a straight-sided alabastron, see pl. 94.7). However, in the Koukounaries assemblage, it occurs on kylikes (46, 727, 729, 736, 963), deep bowls (154, 659, 660, 661, 773, 1088, 1103), a deep spouted cup (642), and kraters (256, 539, 540). It should also be noted that it appears here in a wide range of variants of single and double whorl-shells, with dotted, solid, and cross-hatched bodies. One more ‘archaizing’ feature might be mentioned. The base of a closed vase of indeterminate shape, 1076, was perforated with a 0.5 cm opening after firing. As noted in Chapters 2 (1076, Comments), and 4.3, it is possible that the hole was made to convert the vase for use as rhyton, like the Type IV: hydria rhyton, which had a lifespan from LH IIIA:2 into LH IIIB:1 (Koehl 2006: 216218). That this type of rhyton is thought to have been used for libations (Koehl 2006: 274-276) might point to another aspect of archaizing behavior here. It remains to address the societal currents that might account for the ‘archaizing’ strain identified in the culture here.

A FB semiglobular cup, 79, and a FB, SM straightsided cup, 971, may have been based on even earlier prototypes. As noted in Chapter 2 (79, Comments), while the closest parallels for the out-turned, dotted rim of 79 are LH IIA specimens from Phylakopi and Kythera, its shoulder zone of connected semicircles, FM 43.35, is an LH IIIC motif. The straight-sided cup, 971, could have been based on either LH IIIA:1 or LH IIIA:2 prototypes (see Chapter 2, 971, Comments). However, the bands painted along the edges of the handle is more likely a feature of LH IIIC than LH IIIA (e.g., 256, 1041). Furthermore, its curved stripes, FM 67, look spindly and irregularly spaced compared with actual LH IIIA curved stripes (again, Chapter 2, 971, Comments, for parallels). A small fragment from a FB, SM closed vase, 617, discovered in the foundation level of Storeroom 2, is painted with a Rock Pattern III, FM 34.7, whose latest occurrence, according to Furumark, dates to LH IIIA:2 (Furumark 1941a: 328-329; see also below, 5.4).

Recently, it has been suggested that one of the emotional or psychological after-effects experienced by those who survived the destructions of the Mycenaean palatial centers, or by their offspring, was a memory of and a nostalgia for the palatial era (e.g. Koehl 2018a; Maran 2011; see also relevant papers in Borgna et al. 2019). Indeed, a ten year’s old child at the time of the destructions of the palaces would have been 40 or 50 years old when the Koukounaries settlement was founded (see below, Chapter 5.4); thus, the memories of those earlier times would still have been fresh. That nostalgia played a significant role in the formation of LH IIIC culture, especially during its middle phases, has been surmised from the material remains, including architecture, most notably at Tiryns, and archaizing elements in the pottery, such as those noted here (Koehl 2018a: 435-436, ns. 62-64; Maran 2011; Rutter 1992; Stockhammer 2009). Thus, the archaizing elements isolated in the Koukounaries assemblage might show how potters responded to assuage the longings of their consumers for a bygone era.

While many of the vases in the assemblage belong to classes that begin earlier, mostly in LH IIIA and LH IIIB, and continue into LH IIIC, such as Group A, Linear, and Rosette deep bowls, and mugs (as discussed in Chapter 4.3), a unique Group B deep bowl, 1094, might also be classified as archaizing, since Group B bowls occur only in LH IIIB:2 (Mountjoy 1986: 129-131), except at Tiryns, where they remain popular during LH IIIC (Podzuweit 2007: 29-37). That 1094 was made locally is suggested by its FB, SM clay and painted decoration of cross-hatched lozenges, which find a parallel on a lekythos, 592, and paneled zigzags, the third most popular motif on Group A bowls here (Chapter 4.3). Yet the brown color of its paint is unusual. Certain motifs also occur here which by LH IIIC had otherwise become obsolete, or rare, such as the ‘sacral ivy,’ FM 12, on 335, a rounded alabastron, a shape which continues into LH IIIC but by then is rare (see Chapter 4.3). The whorl-shell, FM 23, which reached its peak of popularity during LH IIIA:2-IIIB (Furumark 1941a: 308-312), continues into LH IIIC but only rarely. There are none dated to LH IIIC from Phylakopi and only a few come from Lefkandi, and all from Phase 1a contexts (i.e., LH IIIC Early; Popham et al. 2006: pl. 16A.4,

While it is certainly possible that the potters who produced the bulk of the Koukounaries assemblage were the same ones who also made the archaizing vases identified here, it is worth considering the possibility that these were made by itinerant potters who specialized in old-fashioned vases. At 13th century Pylos, the presence of itinerant or ‘foreign’ potters has been surmised to explain technological anomalies in the palace’s ceramic assemblage (Lis 164

Relative chronology of the pottery

2016).The existence of itinerant Mycenaean potters, and probably local apprentices, has been argued persuasively to explain the production of Mycenaean pottery in Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia, referred to as ‘Italo-Mycenaean,’ based on manufacturing techniques, vase shapes, and decoration (Jones et al. 2014: 453-460; for an alternative explanation, see Lis 2018). In the context of the present study, it is worth noting the observation of these scholars, that ‘it is during LH IIIC that local production of Mycenaean ceramics soars’ (Jones et al. 2014: 454). It has, indeed, been suggested that the destruction of the palaces and the workshops under their control, prompted the exodus of craftspeople from palatial centers to ‘peripheral’ areas (Murray 2017: 259).

but two other deep bowls in the assemblage sit on raised bases (discussed in Chapter 4.3). Furthermore, their interior banding, handle decoration, and central panel flanked by motifs which are filled with crosshatching, suggests that these too, are the products of yet another potter/painter (see also below, 5.4). A third potter/painter might be identified from a single vase: 599, a unique three-handled stirrup jar. While also made in the local clay, three-handled stirrup jars occur otherwise only on Crete, from the earliest ones in Middle Minoan III to the latest, in LM IIIC (see Chapter 2, 599, Comments, and Chapter 4.3). Might this not be the product of an itinerant potter from Crete (Rutter 2003)? Perhaps the most persuasive evidence for an itinerant potter on Paros is the presence of 446, a lentoid flask. This enormous, albeit fragmentary vase, was made from the standard FB clay, with a significant amount of mica, and covered with a thick, creamy white slip. Its painted decoration is also notable, with a distinct pattern of thick lines enclosing bands, and an unusual band with wavy edges that covers the joining seam of the two hemispherical members from which the body of the vase was made. Remarkably, two large lentoid flasks from Kea and Rhodes, unfortunately from uncontrolled excavations, are identical to 446 in scale and decoration (Mountjoy 1999a: 884, no. 76, fig. 361.76; 1074, no. 278, fig. 440.278). Although this type of flask occurs especially in Aegean island contexts, most frequently on Naxos (as discussed in Chapter 2, 446, Comments, and Chapter 4.3), the scale and specificity of the painted patterns on 446 and the ones from Kea and Rhodes may best be explained as products of the same itinerant potter/painter who specialized in these tour de force vases.

Perhaps it was the same itinerant potters who not only made antique-looking vases but at the same time, peddled actual antique stirrup jars, like those identified above. Since knowledge of past ceramic styles would have been required for them to re-create ‘archaizing’ vases on the spot, as it were, it would not be unlikely that these putative potters came from families who practiced the craft traditionally, formerly in palatial workshops. This knowledge could have been communicated through the display of vases in ceramic workshops which, quite possibly, included showpieces from earlier eras. The suggestion that itinerant potters produced the archaizing vases discussed here might gain support if it could be shown that multiple potters contributed to the Koukounaries assemblage. The relatively homogeneous morphology, decorative syntaxes, and motifs which occur in multiple numbers, e.g., on kylikes, lowstemmed cups, and deep bowls, as discussed in Chapter 4.3, would suggest that the bulk of the assemblage was produced in a local workshop, although none has been located. However, besides the archaizing vases, there is an additional handful of vases that also stand out as exceptional, although their clay is consistent with the rest of the assemblage.

A similar explanation might even obtain to 358, one of the two straight-sided, three-legged alabastra, FS 99, which is decorated with the same unusual and distinctive combination of shoulder motifs as one from Naxos (Vlachopoulos 2006: fig. 19.1716, pl. 65.1716). Considering the relative scarcity of this shape in the Aegean, and their limited distribution (Mountjoy 1999a: 1219), it may be more reasonable to explain the similarity of these two specimens as the products of an itinerant potter than as part of local traditions or a coincidence. That the potter/painters isolated here were itinerant, rather than more permanent members of the crafts community, may thus be surmised from the limited number of rare and distinctive vases ascribed to them, though likely made from local clays, and from the circulation of some of their products, which seems to concentrate on the Aegean islands, perhaps including Crete (for itinerant craftspeople in the ancient Near East, see Zaccagnini 1983; for a somewhat skeptical view, see Muhly 2005; on the movement of potters in Early Iron Cyprus, the Aegean, and Crete, see Kotsonas 2011).

For example, the two shallow rounded bowls in the assemblage, 252 and 686, are painted nearly identically and in a manner that has no other equivalents here, with wide, even bands on the exterior and on the interior, wide even bands, with one zone of alternating triglyphs and parallel chevrons. It seems reasonable to think that these two bowls were made by the same potter/painter; another product might be 104, with a similar zonal decoration of alternating triglyphs and parallel chevrons. Similarly, the profiles and decorative syntax of two deep bowls, 983 and 991, resemble each other but stand out from the rest. Both have a higher maximum diameter than normal, so that their upper body is shorter and appears more vertical than other deep bowls. Also, 983 sits on a ring base, whereas all 165

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

acknowledged that the entire building was buried in destruction debris down to its floor levels (Figure 4; see also the introductions to the five contexts, in Chapter 2). Thus stratigraphically, the destruction and occupation levels are indistinguishable and hence, all the pottery from these contexts has been referred to throughout this study as belonging to the main occupation phase. However, amidst this pottery, a small but distinctive assemblage can be isolated stylistically, based on a set of widely recognized diagnostic features, including shapes and decorative elements, that have chronological significance, although the pitfalls of dating stylistically are fully acknowledged. As Mountjoy first surmised (1999a: 49, 932, 937, Table II) this pottery looks later than the rest of the vases from the main occupation phase and thus, as the latest pottery in these contexts, provides the date for the site’s destruction, Episode 3, discussed below.

5.4 Dating the ceramic assemblages and associated contexts Section 5.2 summarized the dates previously suggested for the phases of Mycenaean occupation on the Koukounaries Hill. The arguments for dating these phases will be presented here in a more detailed and systematic fashion and evaluated, based on recent scholarship. As will be suggested, four benchmark episodes in the history of the Koukounaries Hill settlement may be identified which can be dated by their associated pottery. The dating of the pottery, however, depends on synchronizations with other assemblages, based on sets of shared characteristics. Furumark originally divided LH IIIC pottery into two broad chronological phases, LH IIIC:1 and LH IIIC:2, and subsequently divided LH IIIC:1 into three sub-phases: LH IIIC: 1a, 1b, and 1c (Furumark 1941b: 71-78, 101-102; Furumark 1944; chronological issues are summarized by Thomatos 2006: 2-5). LH IIIC:2 is equivalent to Submycenaean, which falls outside the scope of the present study, though mention should be made here of a possible Submycenaean lekythos discovered on the Koukounaries Hill (Mountjoy 1999a: 937; Schilardi 1984: 204, fig. 10c; Schilardi 2016: 53, fig. 76). Subsequent to Furumark, two systems for subdividing LH IIIC:1 were proposed. Rutter’s periodization was based largely on his re-study of deposits from Korakou and its relation to other assemblages (1977), whereas Sherratt’s was based on her study of the stratified sequence of LH IIIC pottery from the Citadel House at Mycenae (2011, adapted from her unpublished 1981 doctoral dissertation). In the most recently published synchronization of LH IIIC phases, Mountjoy incorporated Rutter’s and Sherratt’s systems, although throughout her book, she used the terminology coined by Sherratt for LH IIIC Middle, with its division into two phases: LH IIIC Developed and Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: 38-51, Table II, passim). These terms and their characteristics have also been adopted for the publication of the LH IIIC pottery from Tiryns (Podzuweit 2007: 213-217; for more recent work on the sequence at Tiryns, see Stockhammer 2009: 5468). While the present study has also adopted these terms for LH IIIC Middle, the reoccupation phase ceramic assemblage uses Mountjoy’s terminology, LH IIIC Late, rather than Sherratt’s LH IIIC Final (Mountjoy 1999a: 51-55, Table II).

Episode 1: Foundation (LH IIIC Developed) The evidence for dating the founding or construction of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill depends on the date of the pottery retrieved from the lowest strata of a trench excavated in Storeroom 2 (for a detailed description of the stratigraphy, see Chapter 2, Context 2). In sum, stratum 16 was laid as a bedding for the construction of the so-called Great South Wall, and continued into the room itself (Figure 1); strata 14-15 were used as a leveling for the storeroom’s floor; the floor itself is stratum 13-12. It may be recalled that a nearly complete narrow-necked, globular jug, 575, was found wedged between two stones in stratum 14 which, based on its intact state of preservation and location, appears to have been smashed intentionally, perhaps as part of a foundation ritual, preceded by a libation. Unfortunately, no close parallels for the vase have been located. Fortunately, however, diagnostic pottery was recovered in strata 15 and 16. Perhaps most telling are the fragments from two ring-based carinated kraters, 542 and 543, a shape which did not exist prior to LH IIIC Developed, and occurs at Mycenae only in LH IIIC Developed (I am grateful to P.A. Mountjoy for identifying the sherds; see French 2007: 176; Mountjoy 1986: 174, fig. 224; Mountjoy 1999a: 170; Sherratt 2011: 73; the shape continues at Tiryns into LH IIIC Late; see Podzuweit 2007: 71; for its occurrence in the Philistine ceramic repertoire, see Mountjoy 2010: 1-4; 2018: 982988, 1057-1058, 1247-1248; Stager and Mountjoy 2007). Like one from Mycenae, 542 and 543 are decorated with parallel chevrons on the upper surface of the rim (see also Chapter 2, 542, Comments). As these are the only two examples of the shape from the entire Koukounaries assemblage, seem to be the same size, and are painted with the same motif on the rim, the possibility that they were made by the same craftsperson, perhaps

The four benchmark episodes of Mycenaean habitation on the Koukounaries Hill that can be dated by their associated pottery are its foundation, occupation, destruction, and reoccupation. The pottery from the foundation and reoccupation levels was isolated stratigraphically and, as will be shown, belongs to two distinct ceramic periods. The circumstances are different, however, for the pottery from the main occupation and destruction levels. First, it need be 166

Relative chronology of the pottery

as a set, might be considered. The differences in their rim profiles suggests that indeed, they come from two bowls, rather than the same one.

seem to suggest a chronological link between Episodes 1 and 2. Two stemmed bowls from the main occupation phase of Storeroom 1, 240 and 241, resemble 532, the stemmed bowl from the foundation assemblage. At least three rounded or rounded/conical monochrome kylikes from the main occupation phase of Storeroom 2, 459, 460, and 470, resemble the rounded monochrome kylix, 461, from the foundation level, while at least three rounded kylikes with monochrome interiors and a rim band, including 3, 10, 63, 463, from various main occupation phase contexts, resemble 462, from the leveling fill for Storeroom 2. Finally, the wide band around the base and paint on the stem of 480, a kylix or low-stemmed cup from the foundation level of Storeroom 2, is similar to 32 and 69, from the main occupation phase of Storeroom 1, and 632 and 633, from the main occupation phase of Storeroom 3.

The four fragmentary vases from stratum 16 identified as basins, 547-549, 552, find their closest parallels in both profile and decoration to basins from Phases 2b to 3c at Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1985: 185, fig. 5.19.294-296). Although on stylistic grounds, Mountjoy has now dated much of the pottery from Phase 2a as well as that from Phases 2b to 3c to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 912922), the numerous overlaps with the Koukounaries assemblage, as discussed below, argue strongly that both sites were contemporaneously inhabited during LH IIIC Developed. Furthermore, while Mountjoy had initially dated a ring-based krater (Mountjoy 1985: 161, 165, no. 127, fig. 5.7.127) and a plate base (Mountjoy 1985: 161, 165, no. 307, fig. 5.9.307), from level 2a to LH IIIC Developed, she now dates the krater to LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: 928, no. 202); the ‘plate,’ for which no Furumark shape number was cited, is still dated, presumably, to LH IIIC Developed. As will be discussed further below, under Episode 3, a date of LH IIIC Advanced is the most likely one for the destructions at both Phylakopi and Koukounaries, as Mountjoy has also proposed (Mountjoy 1999a: Table II).

What remains to be considered are the synchronisms between the pottery from the Koukounaries main occupation phase and other sites, in hopes of bringing more clarity to some lingering questions. Although, as pointed out already, precise synchronizations of LH IIIC ceramic phases across the Aegean are hampered by a lack of homogeneity in shape preferences and decorative choices from one site to another, and specifically in the case of LH IIIC Developed, by a scarcity of well-preserved, stratified habitation contexts.

With regards to the Koukounaries foundation assemblage, 461, a monochrome kylix from stratum15, closely compares in profile to two monochrome kylikes from Phylakopi, Phase 2a (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.7.174, 175). Furthermore, the wide band on the base and monochrome interior of 544, a fragmentary kalathos from stratrum 15, compare closely to a kalathos from Mycenae dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIC Middle (Mountjoy 1986: fig. 232.5; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 49.370). Finally, the concentric lozenges with a dot in the center painted on 624, the only straight-sided lid decorated with a motif at Koukounaries, finds a remarkable parallel on a straight-sided alabastron from Elateia, dated to LH IIIC Middle (Deger-Jalkotzy 2007: fig. 2.6). Thus, the diagnostic pottery from below the floor of Storeroom 2 suggests that Episode 1, the founding of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill, occurred during LH IIIC Developed.

Indeed, due to the relative paucity of stratified deposits of LHIIIC Developed pottery from Mycenae, its identification and definition there has been based largely on stylistic criteria (French 2007: 175). At Tiryns and Lefkandi, however, a continuous sequence of stratified deposits of LH IIIC pottery offers a range of comparative elements with the Koukounaries assemblage from the main occupation phase, Episode 2, as well as with the assemblages associated with Episode 3, its destruction, and Episode 4, its reoccupation (Podzuweit 1978, 1979, 1981, 2007; Stockhammer 2007; Popham et al. 2006: 137-231). Phylakopi is more problematic. While Mountjoy originally published the pottery by stratigraphic phases (Mountjoy 1985), for a subsequent publication, she dated most of the deep bowls stylistically to LH IIIC Early, including those from Phases 2b to 3 (Mountjoy 1999a: 889, 891-892, figs. 374, 375; the dating of Phases 2b to 3 is discussed further, below). On-going excavations at the site of Eleon in Boeotia have also yielded a stratified sequence of LH IIIC pottery which, when published, will surely provide further valuable synchronisms (see for now, Van Damme 2017).

Episode 2: Occupation (LH IIIC Developed) The date of LH IIIC Developed for Episode 1 would suggest a terminus post quem for the ceramic assemblage associated with Episode 2, the main occupation phase. However, the relative contemporaneity of these two episodes may be surmised from several sets of comparisons. That the packing of the floor in Storeroom 2, stratum 12, was contemporary with the laying of its leveling fills, in strata 14 and 15, is indicated by the discovery of fragments of 562, a large collar-necked jar, in all three strata. Other vases find counterparts which

Since deep bowls, FS 284, are normally the most common decorated shape at habitation sites, and seem the most sensitive to periodic changes, comparisons between the deep bowls from the Koukounaries assemblage and other sites should help clarify their chronological 167

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

relationships. In the main occupation phase of the Koukounaries assemblage, deep bowls account for 23% of the pottery (see Appendix 2g). Typically, they are somewhat bell-shaped, with a slightly flaring, lipless rim, although some may have a fairly straight upper body. Most sit on a raised, concave base; ring bases are rare (for detailed discussion, see Chapter 4.3). This is the normal profile for deep bowls at many sites in LH IIIC Early and LH IIIC Developed, although outside of Koukounaries, ring bases are common (Mountjoy 1999a: 1229-1230). Indeed, there does not appear to be an appreciable change in the profile between LH IIIC Early and LH IIIC Developed, if one compares, e.g., deep bowls from Lefkandi Phases 1a and 1b, dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIC Early and IIIC Developed, respectively (Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.1.12-14; fig. 2.3.4, 5; fig. 2.6.10,11; fig. 2.10.2-4; Mountjoy 1999a: 696-697).

bowls in Phase 2a and a few more monochrome black ones in Phases 2b to 3c (Mountjoy 1985: 161, 183). On bowls with linear or patterned exteriors, monochrome interiors seem more common at Koukounaries than at Phylakopi. However, deep bowls with linear interiors are similar, having either a simple line on the rim or, distinctive to both assemblages, a line on the rim and a band just below. The bottoms can be painted with a circular band, concentric bands, a spiral surrounded by a band (i.e., an enclosed spiral), or a solid circle (for Koukounaries, see Chapter 4.3 and Appendix 3; for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.8.205-210, 212-214; fig. 5.16.218, 219, 221, 222, 224-230). At both sites, most of the patterned deep bowls are Group A, having either a line or a band on the rim, or a line and a band just below, the latter being more common at Phylakopi than at Koukounaries (for Phylakopi, see Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.8.206-210; fig. 5.16.218, 220, 221; fig. 5.17.231; for Koukounaries, see 125, 129, 155, 503, 657, 989, 1088). The commonest patterned motif at both sites is the spiral in its various forms, including antithetic, followed by the wavy line or band, and paneled zigzag (Chapter 4.3, Table 3; Mountjoy 1985: 181-183, Tables 5.3 and 5.5; Mountjoy 1999a: 918-920; Mountjoy 2007b: 353-355).

However, at Lefkandi, there is a significant change in their surface treatments. Whereas patterned deep bowls were common in Phase 1a, they virtually disappear by Phase 1b, when they are replaced by monochrome deep bowls (Popham et al. 2006: 138). In the Koukounaries assemblage, 26% of the deep bowls are painted monochrome of which 21% are monochrome black and 5% are monochrome red; a few have a black interior and red exterior. The rest are decorated either with patterns, notably spirals, wavy lines or bands, and paneled zigzags, or just lines and bands; only 791 is UP (see Appendix 3, for statistical analysis of deep bowls by context and surface treatment; for the frequency of motifs on Group A bowls, see Chapter 4.3, Table 3).

While at Tiryns, many of the LH IIIC Group A bowls are similarly decorated, including those dated to LH IIIC Developed (Podzuweit 2007: 24-25), the deep bowls dated to LH IIIC Early from Boeotia also display all of the features noted here that characterize both the interiors and exteriors of the deep bowls from Koukounaries and Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 262.189-200). A final linkage between the deep bowls from Koukounaries and Phylakopi is afforded by two specimens, 983 and 991, which were identified above as a possible pair, made by a ‘visiting’ potter (Chapter 5.3). While their profiles are unusual for the Koukounaries assemblage, having a higher maximum diameter than the others, which give their upper bodies a shorter, more vertical appearance, there are comparable ones from Phylakopi (cf. Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.8.205, 207). Also, 983 sits on a ring base which, as has been noted, is unusual for Koukounaries but typical for Phylakopi.

At Phylakopi, Mountjoy found no significant change in the profile or decoration of the deep bowl from Phase 2a, the occupation level of the shrine and adjacent street, and Phases 2b to 3c, the collapse and re-use deposits (Mountjoy 1985: 161-163, 181-185), and thus dated them all to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 918922, fig. 374; fig. 375.165-182). A comparison of the deep bowl assemblages from Phylakopi and Koukounaries is instructive. While their numbers vary significantly, with a total of 4,209 deep bowl fragments from Koukounaries versus 941 from Phylakopi (see Appendix 3g; Mountjoy 1985: Tables 5.3 and 5.5), their decorations are similar, especially the distinctive treatment of their interiors. The largest percentage of deep bowls from the main occupation phase at Koukounaries and in levels 2a and 2b-3c at Phylakopi are painted with linear decoration, followed by monochrome, then patterned decoration (Mountjoy 1985: Tables 5.3 and 5.5; also discussed in Chapter 4.3), whereas at Lefkandi, Phase 1b, monochrome black deep bowls predominate the assemblage, as noted above.

The use of cross-hatching to fill the lozenges on 983 and the loops on the antithetic spiral of 991 may also connect these bowls with the LH IIIC assemblage from Phylakopi. While cross-hatching, or Furumark’s term ‘diaper-net’ (FM 57.2), is a typical shoulder treatment for straight-sided alabastra, as will be discussed below, it also appears on pottery dated to LH IIIC Early or Middle, commonly as a filling for triangles, usually on the shoulders of stirrup jars, alabastra, or amphoriskoi, (e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 45.344; fig. 46.349; fig. 121.122, 124; fig. 149.92; fig. 309.256; fig. 392.71, 74, 75). Cross-hatching is also often used to fill lozenges (e.g., Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 46.349; fig. 77.194, on a krater;

And, as already noted, monochrome black greatly outnumbers monochrome red at Koukounaries, while at Phylakopi there are a few more monochrome red 168

Relative chronology of the pottery

fig. 207.306; fig. 215.400; fig. 260.166; fig. 308.254; fig. 344.113; fig. 436.254, on a lidded box from Rhodes; fig. 450.83, on a feeding bottle from Kos; for Tiryns, see Podzuweit 2007: pl. 82.4, 6; for Achaia, see Petropoulos 2007: 263; Paschalidis 2018: 349, fig. 763, where the motif is regarded as characteristic of local phase 3, or LH IIIC Middle; also, figs. 292, 330, 518, 642). At Koukounaries, besides 983, lozenges filled with cross-hatching occur on two lekythoi, 592 and 593. Cross-hatching is also used to fill the interior of the double whorl-shells on the krater, 256.

UP (Appendix 3). At Phylakopi, they are also the most common UP shape, and after the deep bowl, the most common monochrome shape (Mountjoy 1985: 161, 178181, 189, 191-192; Tables 5.3-5.6; Mountjoy 2007b: 349350, 359-360). Reference has already been made to the occurrence in Episode 1, the foundation level of Storeroom 2, of a rounded monochrome kylix, 461, which closely compares in profile to two monochrome kylikes from Phylakopi, Phase 2a (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.7.174, 175). A monochrome angular kylix from the main occupation phase of Storeroom 1, 20, also has a close counterpart from Phase 2a at Phylakopi, though at both sites, it is rare (Mountjoy 1985: 163, fig. 5.7.176; see also Chapter 2, 20, Comments; according to J.B. Rutter, pers. comm., this kylix is common in Laconia, the Argolid and Attica from LH IIIB:2).

However, the only published parallel for the crosshatched filling in the loop of the antithetic spiral on 991 is on a fragmentary deep bowl from Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.17.234; for a stemmed spiral filled with a cross-hatched circle on an amphoiskos from Rhodes, dated to LH IIIC Early-LH IIIC Developed, see Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 424.156; J.B. Rutter informs that this motif occurs on an LH IIIC Early krater from Aigeira; pers. comm.). Furthermore, these bowls, and 983, have the same, distinctive interior decoration, with a thick line on the rim and a relatively narrow band below.

More common is a type of kylix which seems to be peculiar to the Koukounaries and Phylakopi assemblages: a hybrid of the rounded, FS 258, and conical, FS 274 (see Chapter 4.3; Mountjoy 1999a: 918; Mountjoy 2007b: 349-350). At both sites it occurs in an UP and monochrome version, where red is favored over black. But what provides the most specific link between the two assemblages is a version painted with a monochrome interior, most often red, a rim line or plain rim, and otherwise only a band on the foot, such as 464. While there are fourteen cataloged examples from Koukounaries (see Chapter 4.3; Appendix 3), there are probably four from Phylakopi, with one reconstructed from a composite of three fragments (Mountjoy 1984: 233, fig. 5.171, 402, 182; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 373.148; Mountjoy 2007b: 349, fig. 8.25. I.171, I.402, I.182), plus three bases (Mountjoy 1985: 181, nos. 179-181). From its limited distribution, both the hybrid shape of this kylix and the system of decoration associated with it might be regarded as local Cycladic traits. However, a similar decorative system occurs on low-stemmed cups from Attica in LH IIIB:2 or LH IIIC Early (e.g., Kaza-Papageorgiou and Kardamaki 2014: fig. 27.71; also discussed below, Chapter 6).

Indeed, cross-hatching as a filling motif seems to be deeply rooted in the ceramic tradition at Phylakopi, beginning in LH IIIA:1, although the idea may have been imported from the Argolid (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 366.57; fig. 367.66, 68, 73). The motif continues into LH IIIB, where it is used to fill a running spiral (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 370.117). In LH IIIC, probably LH IIIC Developed, it seems to have been used as a relatively frequent filling motif, and interestingly, was applied to vases and incorporated into motifs which are unattested outside of Phylakopi. In addition to its occurrence in an antithetic spiral on the deep bowl, noted above, and on other deep bowls as a fill for lozenges and a stemmed spiral (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 375.172-174), cross-hatching occurs on kylikes as part of a hybrid flower (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 373.147), and in a vertical row of lozenges on a jug (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 376.192), inside a stemmed spiral (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.12.112), and as the filling for the body of birds painted on a belly-handled amphora (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 376.187), on two collar-necked jars or amphorae (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 376.188, 189), and on a ringbased krater (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 377.195). As will be seen below, the type of filling motif used for birds at Phylakopi changes in LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 379.202).

Another distinctive feature shared by both the Koukunaries and Phylakopi assemblages, and thus, perhaps to be recognized as a regional, Cycladic trait, is the unusually high concave rim found on several UP low-stemmed cups, FS 267. First observed by Mountjoy at Phylakopi, the rims on these low-stemmed cups have an average height of four cm, rather than the standard 2.5 to 3 cm (Mountjoy 1984: 238; Mountjoy 1985: 152, 192; Mountjoy 2007b: 359-360; for a complete specimen, see Dawkins and Droop 1910-1911: pl. 12.43). In addition, these cups have notably slender stems and well-polished surfaces. All of these traits occur on four low-stemmed cups from Koukounaries: 59, 64, 65, 469. An intact low-stemmed cup from Naxos also has a

Besides the deep bowl, aspects of the kylikes from the main occupation phase at Koukounaries and from Phases 2a to 3c at Phylakopi point to their contemporaneity. At both sites, kylikes (and low-stemmed cups, as defined in Chapter 4.3) figure as significant components of their respective assemblages. At Koukounaries, they occur second in frequency to the deep bowl, 58% of which are 169

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

similar high rim but a thick, low stem, and might date to LH IIIC Advanced (Vlachopoulos 2006: 428, no. 1814, fig. 30.1814, pl. 77.1814). One more connection to note between the kylikes at Koukounaries and Phylakopi may be the revival of the Zygouries type (discussed above, Chapter 5.3).

2, is the stirrup jar, especially small ones. As suggested earlier, some of the stirrup jars from the site may have been imported as antiques (Chapter 5.3). The others, however, are probably contemporary with the rest of the main occupation assemblage but unlike the open shapes, offer more tentative chronological links with stirrup jars from other sites. Indeed, recent definitions of LH IIIC Developed make no mention of stirrup jars, nor to other closed shapes (French 2007; Mountjoy 2007a). No stirrup jar is dated strictly to LH IIIC Developed in Mountjoy’s extensive ‘Index of Shapes Illustrated’ (Mountjoy 1999a: 1222-1224). Rather, she cautiously dates a group from Rhodes broadly to LH IIIC Early-LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1999a: figs. 429-432, 433.216, 217).

Although the kylix never seems to have been as popular at Lefkandi as were cups (Popham et al. 2006: 184), the most common painted kylix there in Phase 1b has a monochrome interior, a thick line on the rim, and a solidly painted lower body, down to the base (Popham et al. 2006: 142, fig. 2.3.7, 8, pl. 27.3). This system of decoration occurs at Koukounaries on one kylix, 3, and on three low-stemmed cups, 53-55. It is also found on a small kylix from Rhodes dated to LH IIIC Early-LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1999a: 1061, fig. 434.234). The earliest kylix with this decorative system may be an LH IIIC Early specimen from Korakou (Mountjoy 1999a: 230, fig. 74.185), while the latest is an LH IIIC Late specimen from Ithaka (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 172.8).

One reason that recognizing the characteristics of LH IIIC Developed stirrup jars has proven elusive may be due to the limited number which come from stratified habitation contexts, as opposed to tombs where vases from various periods are normally found mixed, since Mycenaean tombs were normally used repeatedly over generations. Another reason has to do with their conservative decoration. From LH IIIA:2 onwards, stirrup jars conform to a standardized system, with a spiral or concentric circles on the disc of the false neck, a repetitive patterned zone on the shoulder, and bands and groups of lines on the body, with the occasional patterned zone squeezed between the bands (Mountjoy 1986: 67, 77-81, 93, 105-108, 126-127, 134, 145, 155, 168-169; also Chapter 4.3).

While kylikes and low-stemmed cups significantly outnumber other cups at Koukounaries, fragments from at least 29 deep semiglobular cups, FS 215, were counted, of which 15 were cataloged (see Chapter 4.3). The majority were painted in a standard manner that resembles the so-called lip band cup from Lefkandi, Phases 1a and 1b, with a monochrome interior and only a line or band on or just below the rim exterior (see Chapter 4.3). While at Lefkandi these cups generally have a wider rim band than do the ones from Koukounaries, and they stand on a ring base (Popham et al. 2006: 142, fig. 2.1.8-10; fig. 2.3.1, 2), whereas the ones from Koukounaries stand on the typical raised concave base, the uneven rim band on 82 closely resembles an example from Lefkandi, Phase 1b (cf. Popham et al. 2006: pl. 27.4).

The only morphological innovation that might be associated with LH IIIC Developed stirrup jars is the appearance of a small, rounded protrusion in the center of the disc, as on 415, 431, 435, 436, 597, 878, 880. Previously, in LH IIIC Early, the discs were flat or rarely had a low conical shape, like ones from Eutresis and Kontopigado, Attica (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 260.165; Kaza-Papageorgiou and Kardamaki 2012: fig. 18.57; also see 601). By LH IIIC Advanced, the disc was enlarged, as was the central protuberance or dome (Mountjoy 1986: 169).

Besides the deep bowl, kylix, and deep semiglobular cup, the only other open shape in the Koukounaries assemblage that occurs in multiple numbers and is painted with a standardized system is the deep spouted cup, FS 249. With 225 fragments counted and 64 specimens cataloged, it is by far the largest number of deep spouted cups from any Aegean site. Though the shape occurs in small numbers at Phylakopi, two come from Phase 2a, suggesting yet another chronological link between the assemblages (Mountjoy 1985: 163, nos. 82, 83; Mountjoy 2007b: 349). The shape is otherwise rare, with one specimen from Rhodes (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 434.230), and another from Naxos (Vlachopoulos 2006: 135-136, 383, no. 1846). This narrow distribution clearly favors the Aegean islands and may even point to shared culinary habits (for its function, see Chapter 4.3).

Perhaps the most significant change in the decoration of stirrup jars beginning in LH IIIC Early, was the introduction of evenly spaced bands on their bodies as an alternative to the traditional system of two bands enclosing groups of fine lines (e.g., see Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 211.348, 350, 353, 354; discussed in Deger-Jalkotzy 2007: 137-141; for an example from Lefkandi, Phase 1a, see Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.2.1). Though it should also be acknowledged that even banded decoration occurs typically on Cretan stirrup jars during LM IIIB (Koehl and Yellin 2007: 203). However, based on the stirrup jars from Koukounaries, by LH IIIC Developed, even bands, sometimes mixed with lines in a variety of groupings, had become the primary decorative

The most common closed shape in the assemblage associated with the main occupation phase, or Episode 170

Relative chronology of the pottery

system for the bodies of stirrup jars (see Chapter 4.3; cf. also from Lefkandi, Phases 1b-2, Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.4.7, 8; fig. 2.32.5). A feature that Mountjoy suggests begins in LH IIIC Developed, and thus might also be regarded as a criterion for their dating, is the painting of mixed motifs on their shoulders, as on 596, rather than the repetition of the same motif, which had been the standard system until LH IIIC Developed; this practice may have continued into LH IIIC Late (Mountjoy 1999a: 934).

While none are reported from Lefkandi, Phase 1a, an alabastron from Phase 1b is covered with even bands (Popham et al. 2006: pl. 21.4), like one from Eutresis dated to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 260.164; also, Rutter 2003: fig. 3.4). It is possible that 700, 854, and 1026 were also painted with even bands over the body. Another alabastron from Lefkandi, Phase 1b is painted with a shoulder pattern, a band on the shoulder carination, and a band on the lower body (Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.4.6), like several from Koukounaries, e.g. 341, 342, 1127.

Based on the characteristics outlined here, several of the stirrup jars from Phylakopi, Phases 2b to 3c, originally dated to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 372.131-133), might be re-dated to LH IIIC Developed, e.g., the fragmentary disc from a false neck with a rounded protuberance and concentric, or spiral decoration (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.12.123). On a more intact specimen, a date of LH IIIC Developed is suggested by the mixture of bivalve shells and filled triangles on the shoulder, and bands enclosing a line group, with even bands below (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.12.114; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 372.133). This date would also obtain to a stirrup jar with a rounded protuberance on the disc and the same linear body pattern noted above, with bands enclosing a line group and even bands below (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 372.131; Mountjoy 2007b: fig. 8.24.446), and possibly also to one with a low domed disc and a mixture of various combinations of bands and lines on the body (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.12.115; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 372.132).

An alabastron from Phylakopi, with the same profile and system of banded decoration as the ones just noted from Lefkandi and Koukounaries, has an uneven zigzag on the shoulder, like many vases from Koukounaries, e.g., 105, 107, 111, 112, 781, 973. While it was dated to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 371.124), it could be downdated to LH IIIC Developed, whereas another alabastron from Phylakopi dated to LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 376.190) may actually date to LH IIIC Advanced, as discussed below. However, a relatively intact specimen from the 1911 Phylakopi excavations may also date to LH IIIC Developed (Dawkins and Droop 1910-1911: pl. 12.73). Its profile, with a wide mouth, low, lipless rim, and handles attached below the shoulder, resembles that of 358, a three-legged alabastron. But perhaps even more telling is its patterned decoration of dot rosettes and isolated concentric semicircles. While the dot rosettes find a close parallel on 214, a deep bowl fragment, isolated semicircles are the most common motif painted on the alabastra from Koukounaries (discussed in Chapter 4). Particularly close examples are 341, 850, 1018, and 1127. The motif even occurs on the three-legged alabastron, 358. Incidentally, the use of this motif as the main decorative element on the body of one of the wheel-made bovid figures from the sanctuary at Phylakopi may help narrow its date of manufacture to LH IIIC Developed (French 1985: 248, no. SF 2689, fig. 6.22, pl. 40a).

These characteristics might also suggest a revised dating from LH IIIC Early to LH IIIC Developed for two stirrup jars from the same tomb at Perati. One has all the characteristics noted above: a central protrusion on the disc, mixture of motifs on the shoulder, and bands on the body (Iakovidis 1969: pl. 98γ.134; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 211.348). Like 596, it also has a narrow pattern between two bands on the upper body. The second one also has a low protrusion on the disc, bands of varied widths and spacings on the body, and most remarkably, a shoulder pattern of triangles filled with parallel horizontal lines that is perhaps the closest parallel to 599 (Iakovidis 1969: pl. 98γ.130; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 211.354).

Outside of Koukounaries and Phylakopi, alabastra are not usually painted with isolated semicircles. A fragment from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis was dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIC Middle (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 216.412); it might now be dated more narrowly to LH IIIC Developed. A similar date might obtain to an intact alabastron from Naxos which has both isolated semicircles on its shoulder and double-lined stemmed spirals on the body (Vlachopoulos 2006: 434, no. 1744, fig. 19.1744, pl. 82.1744), similar to the double-lined tongues (FM 19.51) painted on the kylix, 1.

After the stirrup jar, the most common closed shape in the Koukounaries assemblage is the straight-sided alabastron. By contrast, the shape is rare at Lefkandi and Phylakopi. (Popham et al. 2006: 147, 164, 206; Mountjoy 2007b: 347). Two fragments from Phylakopi, Phase 2a, however, find parallels at Koukounaries. One is decorated with triglyphs and perhaps pendant isolated semicircles like 334 and 336 (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.7.88), while a second has parallel vertical wavy lines like 699 (Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.7.89).

Another link between the alabastra from Koukounaries and Phylakopi are the ones painted monochrome 171

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

black. At both sites they occur as a separate vase and a composite (see Chapter 4.3). However, whereas all of the ones from Phylakopi are painted black from top to bottom (one separate and two composite alabastra: Mountjoy 1985: fig. 5.23.381; fig. 5.10.93, 94; pl. 20.93, 94; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 371.125; fig. 372.137), at Koukounaries, they can be painted in that manner, as on the separate vase, 1022, and the composite one, 357, or with a reserved base, as on the separate vases 344 and 846, and the composite, 1130. Mountjoy dated all the ones from Phylakopi to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 914, no. 125, 916, no. 137), although the Phase 2b context of the two composite alabastra (Mountjoy 1985: 169), and parallels from Koukounaries, suggest that their date could be lowered to LH IIIC Developed.

such as the krater, 256, which seem to anticipate the elaborate styles of LH IIIC Advanced (French 2007: 178; Mountjoy 2007: 223- 224), may have been made at the end of LH IIIC Developed. In a sense, this krater seems to emblemize the cultural and chronological position of the Koukounaries Hill assemblage, with its row of whorl-shells on one side, rooted in the LH IIIC Developed tradition, and on the opposite side, an elaborate, antithetic spiral with parallels in LH IIIC Advanced (e.g., Popham et al. 2006: pl. 41.3), which lead Schachermeyr to classify the vase as an example of LH IIIC Middle (Advanced) Nobelkeramik (Schachermeyr 1980: 143).

One of the vases from Phylakopi that Mountjoy dated to LH IIIC Developed, based on its painted decoration, which can be linked to the Koukounaries main occupation phase assemblage, is a piriform jar with rows of running spirals on its shoulder (Mountjoy 1985: 172, no. 81, fig. 5.10.81, pl. 22.81; Mountjoy 1999a: 922, no. 186, fig. 376.186). Although this jar has three rows of running spirals, 301, a collar-necked jar, has two similar rows of running spirals on its shoulder. Furthermore, both vases have a zigzag above the spiral zone as a subsidiary motif (Mountjoy 1999a: 922-926).

In the commentary on 446, the large lentoid flask from Storeroom 1, it was noted that the type begins in LH IIIC Advanced and continues into LH IIIC Late, although its closest parallels date to LH IIIC Advanced (see Chapter 2, 446, Comments). It was also suggested that this vase was made on Paros by an itinerant potter who specialized in making enormous tour de force flasks, examples of which have also been found on Rhodes and Kea (Chapter 5.3).

Episode 3: Destruction (LH IIIC Advanced)

In a preliminary publication of the pottery from Storeroom 2, a few vases were singled out as manifesting ceramic features that seemed later than the rest of the assemblage, specifically deep bowls with a monochrome interior and reserved line at the rim, kylikes with swollen stems, and elaborate kraters (Koehl 1984: 219-220, figs. 1.7, 3.10). In that publication, this pottery was compared with the ceramic assemblage from Lefkandi Phase 2a, which at the time was dated to LH IIIC Developed. However, as a result of Mountjoy’s re-dating of the Lefkandi sequence, Lefkandi Phase 2a is now equated with LH IIIC Advanced, though it may have begun in LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1999a: 3840, Table II). Thus, in her discussion of this pottery, Mountjoy dated it to LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: 40, 932, 937). And, being stylistically later than the bulk of the assemblage, Mountjoy used this pottery to date the destruction of the Koukounaries Hill building in LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: Table II).

Several distinctive and relatively uncommon vases from the main occupation phase at Koukounaries have counterparts at other sites which overlap either with the preceding or succeeding phases of LH IIIC, and thus are less useful as chronological markers. For example, the spouted basin, FS 302, which began in LH IIIB, continued into LH IIIC Advanced relatively unchanged (Popham et al. 2006: 162). Similarly, 89, the deep semiglobular cup painted inside and out with solid semicircles, finds numerous parallels from the cemetery at Perati and from Lefkandi, and according to chemical analysis, is very likely to have been imported from Attica (Appendix 1; also Chapter 2, 89, Comments). Though most of the tombs containing these cups belong to Periods II and III at Perati, which cover all of LH IIIC Middle and continue into LH IIIC Late (Iakovidis 2003: 128-129; Mountjoy 1999a: 39, table II), the date of manufacture of 89 is uncertain, though a date in LH IIIC Late is less likely. It probably belongs with either the LH IIIC Developed assemblage associated with Episode 2, or with the LH IIIC Advanced assemblage, associated with Episode 3, the destruction phase, discussed below.

Subsequent study of the Koukounaries Hill ceramic assemblage has added significantly to the corpus that synchronizes with Lefkandi Phase 2a. Yet it also must be emphasized that this pottery was not found in a discrete stratum, separate from the pottery associated with Episode 2, the main occupation phase. Rather, it comes from the same thick level of destruction debris that filled the Mycenaean building and was found in every context considered here. Thus, the segregation of this pottery is based solely on the recognition of stylistic features that define LH IIIC Advanced (French 2007: 177-179; Mountjoy 2007a: 222-224). It should also

In conclusion, the components of the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage which look datable stylistically to LH IIIC Early may actually belong to an early stage of LH IIIC Developed, echoing Catling’s reasoning for the LH IIIC Early dating of the deep semiglobular cups from the Menelaion, over a date of Transitional LH IIIB:2/IIIC Early (Catling 2009: 378). Whereas other components, 172

Relative chronology of the pottery

be acknowledged that since this pottery was identified stylistically, not contextually or stratigraphically, it is possible that vases other than those discussed here escaped notice. Furthermore, as observed above, some vases straddle typologically both LH IIIC Developed and Advanced, such as 89.

Mountjoy has observed that the trefoil-rimmed jug, FS 137, first appears in LH IIIC Advanced, which would thus be the date for 402, painted with a characteristic monochrome neck and rim (see Chapter 2, 402, Comments). Also, the swollen stem on a monochrome kylix fragment, 476, is unique here but typical of Phase 2a at Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006: 153; Mountjoy 2007a: 222). However, the twisted handle fragment, 1125, could date to LH IIIC Developed, when the type starts to become popular, or LH IIIC Advanced, when its popularity increases (see Chapter 2, 1125, Comments), although it probably begins in LH IIIC Early (see e.g. Broneer 1939: fig. 74b, 75b-e).

In her discussion of the LH IIIC Advanced pottery from Koukounaries, Mountjoy (1999: 937) specifically mentioned a deep bowl with a monochrome interior and reserved line at the rim (Koehl 1984: fig. 1.7), and a lekythos painted monochrome with a reserved lower body, 404 (Schilardi 1984: 194; discussed below). Deep bowls with a monochrome interior and reserved line at the rim begin at Lefkandi in Phase 2a (Popham et al. 2006: 188, 223) and are regarded as a new and defining feature of LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 2007a: 224; also, Mountjoy 1999b: 512-513). At Koukounaries, 16 rim or upper body sherds with this feature were identified and cataloged: 146-153, 510-513, 657, 658, 771, 779. Of these, only 150, 657, and 779 preserve patterned decoration; the rest are monochrome or linear (see Chapter 4.3; also, Appendix 3). Similarly, in Phase 2a at Lefkandi, patterned deep bowls are in the minority, compared with monochrome and linear (Popham et al. 2006: 155).

Likewise, though the monochrome lekythos with reserved lower body, 404, could certainly date to LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: 937), there are later examples and possibly an earlier, LH IIIC Developed, one from Tiryns (see Chapter 2, 404, Comments). The decoration alone on a fragmentary krater, 1115, with a vertical row of outlined solid semicircles and triglyph, suggests a date in LH IIIC Advanced, based on a close parallel from Phase 2a at Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006: pl. 30B.4). However, the running spirals with open centers on 1116 has a good parallel from Phase 2b at Lefkandi made in WW (Popham et al. 2006: fig. 171, pl. 51.5). Otherwise, Phase 2b at Lefkandi has its closest links with pottery from the Koukounaries Hill reoccupation phase, Episode 4, discussed below.

Another defining characteristic of LH IIIC Advanced is the appearance of the one-handled conical bowl, FS 242 (Mountjoy 2007a: 222). Again, at Koukounaries, 16 rim/upper body sherds were identified and cataloged: 230-238, 683, 809-811, 1110-1112 (see Chapter 4). As at Lefkandi, Phase 2a, their sides are slightly rounded, their lipless rims taper inward, and their interiors are either monochrome or linear (Popham et al. 2006: 153). It is also noteworthy that two specimens, 233 and 237, were made in White Ware (WW), which makes its initial appearance at Lefkandi in Phase 2a (Popham et al. 2006: 151).

Notably absent from the LH IIIC Advanced ceramic assemblage identified here are vases that can be assigned to any of this era’s well-known decorative styles: Pictorial, Close, Pleonastic, and Octopus (French 2007: 178; Mountjoy 2007a: 223), although as noted above, the krater, 256, has elements that seem to anticipate the Close or Pleonastic styles, suggesting that it was made at the end of LH IIIC Developed. Nor at Lefkandi were examples of Close or Octopus Style identified with certainty (Popham et al. 2006: 151, 165), although the Pictorial Style is well represented (Crouwel 2006). The simpler Granary Style, however, is represented here by the deep bowls with reserved interior rim bands, the semiglobular cup with dipped solid semicircles, and the closed vases with interior rim bands (French 2007: 177178; Mountjoy 2007a: 223-224, figs. 7.3, 8.5, 6).

In addition to the two one-handled conical bowls, eight other vases were made in WW, although it is difficult to find precise parallels for all of them which would help secure a date in LH IIIC Advanced. The closest parallel for 292 is an amphoriskos from Skyros, dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIC Early, though it is not made in WW (see Chapter 2, 292, Comments), whereas the closest parallel to 259 is a krater from Perati dated to LH IIIC Late, though also not made in WW (see Chapter 2, 259, Comments). However, the parallels for the decoration on the jug 363 and the hydria 873, dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIC Middle, can probably be dated more closely to LH IIIC Advanced (see Chapter 2, 363 and 873, Comments).

In her study of regional Mycenaean decorated pottery, Mountjoy illustrated six vases from Phylakopi that she dated to LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 1999a: 893, fig. 379), including a fragmentary ring-based krater decorated with Close Style birds (Mountjoy 1985: 165, no. 127, fig. 5.7.127; Mountjoy 1999a: 928, no. 202, fig. 379.202; Mountjoy 2007b: 351, fig. 8.27.I127). Although she dated the vases on stylistic grounds, an LH IIIC Advanced date is also supported by their contexts. The monochrome deep bowl with a reserved rim on its interior (Mountjoy 1985: 185, no. 266, fig. 5.18.266; Mountjoy 1999a: 928,

There are also individual vases, while not made in WW, that can be dated to LH IIIC Advanced on typological parallels. Besides the one-handled conical bowl, 173

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

no. 203, fig. 379.203), and the one-handled conical bowl with a monochrome interior and reserved rim band and reserved circle on the bottom (Mountjoy 1985: 178, no. 161, fig. 5.15.161; Mountjoy 1999a: 928, no. 201, fig. 379.201; Mountjoy 2007b: 349, fig. 8.25.I.161), come from Phases 3b and 3c, the re-use phases of the east and west sanctuaries, following their collapse in Phase 2b (Mountjoy 1985: 168-170). Furthermore, Mountjoy has observed that the black paint on these two vases is identical but unlike that found on any of the other vases from the shrines (Mountjoy 1985: 170).

Rather, an explanation similar of that offered for the distribution of the large flask might also obtain for the small amounts of LH IIIC Advanced pottery found at the Koukounaries Hill site and at Phylakopi. In addition to the itinerant potters discussed earlier (Chapter 5.3), perhaps a new generation of resident ceramicists arrived on Paros and Melos shortly before the building on the Koukounaries Hill was destroyed and the shrines at Phylakopi were finally abandoned (Renfrew 1985: 84-87, 379-383), who began producing vases in the most current style. Among their innovations might have been the introduction of new shapes, such as the one-handled conical bowl, and a new ware, known as White Ware (WW; see Chapter 1), which became the predominant ware at the Koukounaries settlement during the subsequent reoccupation phase, Episode 4.

As these are the latest dated vases from the postcollapse phase of the shrines, they indicate that the sanctuary was last used in LH IIIC Advanced, after which time it was abandoned. This date is also supported by the discovery of a tray with added white paint from the re-use phase of the West Shrine (Mountjoy 1985: 170, 188, no. 315, fig. 5.19.315; Mountjoy 1999a: 928, no. 204, fig. 379.204; Mountjoy 2007b: 356, fig. 8.29.I.315). The shape, which is uncommon, has parallels from Lefkandi, Phase 2a (Popham et al 2006: 162, fig. 2.10.5).

Episode 4: Reoccupation (LH IIIC Late) After the destruction of the Mycenaean building on the Koukounaries Hill in LH IIIC Advanced, small areas appear to have been cleared out and reoccupied (Schilardi 1984: 203-204). Thus, the pottery associated with this episode comes from stratigraphically distinct contexts (see Chapter 3). As will be discussed below, comparisons with ceramic sequences from other sites clearly show that this pottery dates to LH IIIC Late. What cannot be determined is the length of time that separates the site’s destruction in LH IIIC Advanced from its reoccupation in LH IIIC Late. If, as Mountjoy surmises, the LH IIIC Advanced pottery was made earlier rather than later during that period (Mountjoy 2009: 289), then there must have been a considerable gap in time between the site’s destruction and its resettlement (Mountjoy 1999a: Table II).

Two additional vases from Phylakopi may be dated to LH IIIC Advanced on stylistic grounds. A straight-sided alabastron was originally dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIC Developed (Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 376.190). However, as she noted subsequently, the necklace motif on its shoulder begins at Lefkandi in Phase 2a, indicating a date of LH IIIC Advanced (Mountjoy 2007b: 347, fig. 8.22.439; also, Mountjoy 2007a: 223). Furthermore, the unevenly painted zigzag on its body resembles the one painted on another alabastron from Phylakopi (Mountjoy 2007b: 347, fig. 8.22.438), both of which resemble the zigzag painted on 150, a deep bowl from Koukounaries with a reserved interior rim band, dated to LH IIIC Advanced.

Perhaps the most notable change in the ceramics associated with the reoccupation of the Koukounaries Hill in LH IIIC Late is detectable in the wares themselves. As noted in Chapter 3, crushed marble seems now to have been used as a tempering agent for deep bowls rather than mica, the normal tempering agent in LH IIIC Developed and Advanced. While this might be a local trait, especially in view of its easy availability on Paros, the dramatic increase in the occurrence of WW in the reoccupation ceramic assemblage seems part of a widespread distribution pattern of this ware in LH IIIC Late and firmly situates the Koukounaries Hill ceramics within a wider cultural orbit (Mountjoy 2009: 289290). Indeed, the initial appearance of WW in LH IIIC Advanced and its dramatic increase in LH IIIC Late is a distribution pattern which typifies sites that fall within Mountjoy’s East Mainland-Aegean koine, including the Koukounaries Hill (Mountjoy 2009: 289-290).

Mountjoy also included the fragment from a large lentoid flask among the relatively few LH IIIC Advanced vases from Phylakopi (Mountjoy 1985: 176, no. 125, fig. 5.12.125; Mountjoy 1999a: 928, no. 200, fig. 379.200; Mountjoy 2007b: 348). As observed earlier, this shape has a limited distribution, concentrated mostly at Aegean island sites, including Koukounaries (Chapter 4.3). Furthermore, a group of these flasks was tentatively identified as the products of a single, itinerant craftsperson, judging from their scale and shared decorative features (Chapter 5.3). While the fragment from Phylakopi might not be a product of this potter, the limited number and geographical range of these large lentoid flasks raise questions about the movement and dispersal of new styles of pottery. It is surely improbable that the elements which comprise the LH IIIC Advanced styles emerged independently and simultaneously at various local workshops.

As noted above, WW first appeared at the Koukounaries Hill settlement in the LH IIIC Advanced assemblage, associated with Episode 3, the destruction, when it 174

Relative chronology of the pottery

all reliably dated to LH IIIC Late (Mountjoy 2009: 291, figs. 8.3, 9.4, 9). Their rims are squared, with a flat upper surface, decorated with bands along the inner and outer edge. On the interior and exterior of the upper body are three bands, and below, a zone of running spirals with open centers.

comprised about 20% of the total. By the reoccupation phase, however, nearly 100% of the closed vessels were made in WW and, while the deep bowls and lipless conical bowls were made in TB and FB wares, the kraters were also now made in WW (Chapters 1 and 3). The three open shapes that occur in the reoccupation phase assemblage - the deep bowl, one-handed conical bowl, and ring-based krater – were also part of the assemblage associated here with LH IIIC Advanced, although the deep bowl and kraters betray significant changes in Episode 4. The two one-handled conical bowls, 1173, with a monochrome interior and 1174, with bands, do not exhibit any noticeable changes from specimens dated here to LH IIIC Advanced (also Mountjoy 2009: 292). However, as noted above, the deep bowls are now tempered with crushed marble which gives their surface a rather grainy texture. Furthermore, their bodies have a more bell-shaped curve than previously (see Chapter 4.4). Although painted monochrome, they do not have a reserved line on the rim interior. One specimen, 1172, however, has a reserved rectangular patch under the arch of the handles, a feature which seems typical for Phase 2b at Lefkandi (Popham et al. 2006: 171, n. 12), although it also occurs on 759, dated here to LH IIIC Advanced.

The two closed shapes that can be identified with certainty from reoccupation contexts, or Episode 4, are the neck-handled amphora and the belly-handled amphora; the large jug is possible (see Chapters 3 and 4.4). The neck-handled amphora appears to be the most common closed shape here, with three specimens identified, as it is generally in LH IIIC Late (Mountjoy 2009: 290). And like others of the type, its rim is long and has a hollowed interior, though not quite as pronounced here as elsewhere (Mountjoy 2009: 290). The decoration on the examples from Paros also conforms to type. The handles of 1178 and 1180 have an elongated cross, while at the base of the handle on 1180 are double hooks (cf. Mountjoy 2009: 290, figs. 3.9, 4.1, 3, 4). The patterns on the shoulders, however, are not readily identifiable. Though they are clearly curvilinear, none preserves enough to know whether they are tassels, spirals, scrolls, or another motif (Mountjoy 2009: figs. 3-7). Despite the small number of vases that constitute this assemblage however, they provide sufficient evidence to date the site’s final Bronze Age occupation and abandonment in LH IIIC Late, until its resettlement in the Iron Age (Schilardi 1984: 204; Schilardi 2016: 53 ff.; see also Figure 6 for post-Mycenaean building remains).

The kraters are distinctive and according to Mountjoy (2009: 291), ‘the most characteristic vase of the [East Mainland-Aegean] koine”. While the everted rim and banded decoration on 1175, made in TB ware, resembles 259, dated to LH IIIC Advanced, the other two, 1176 and 1177 are virtually identical to each other and to a group of WW kraters from Ayia Irini, Lefkandi, and Emporio,

Table 5. Episodes at Koukounaries synchronized with periods of LH IIIC at Mycenae and phases at Lefkandi and Phylakopi. Koukounaries

Mycenae

Lefkandi

Phylakopi

1-Founded

Developed

1b

2a-3a

3-Destroyed

Advanced

2a

3b-3c

2-Occupied

4-Reoccupied

175

Developed Late

1b 2b-3

2a-3a

abandoned

Chapter 6

Identifying the people from their pottery This chapter poses a simple question: where did the settlers of the Koukounaries Hill come from? That the founders and inhabitants of the Mycenaean building complex came from abroad, rather than from another site on Paros, may be surmised from negative evidence. Prior to the Mycenaean settlement, the hill was inhabited in the Late Neolithic I, Late Neolithic II (=Neolithic to Early Bronze Age transition), and the Keros-Syros phase of Early Cycladic II (Katsarou and Schilardi 2004: 25-44), when it was abandoned. After an apparent island-wide gap during Early Cycladic IIIA, an Early Cycladic IIIB settlement was founded on the Kastro of Paroikia, overlooking the large bay on the west coast of the island, which continued through the Middle Cycladic period (Rubensohn 1917; Barber 1987: 29, 38, 57, 71, 84, 142, 146, 152; Overbeck 1989).

a place of origin for the Koukounaries Hill settlers, or at least of their potters. Still, the observations and suggestions offered here are done so with utmost caution and cognizance that others may see different connections; not to mention new discoveries which could also alter these views. Probably the most relevant assemblages to consider here would be those that date just prior to, or roughly contemporary with the Koukounaries ceramics. If, as suggested in Chapter 5.4, the Koukounaries settlement was founded in LH IIIC Developed, perhaps at the start, the comparanda should also date to the earliest years of LH IIIC Developed, or to LH IIIC Early, or the so-called transitional phase, LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999: 36-51). Thus, in theory, the potters responsible for the bulk of the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage could have been apprentices to the potters who produced the ceramics from whence came the settlers of the Koukounaries Hill (on the organization of craft production in 12th century, i.e. post-palatial Greece, see Murray 2017: 242-246) .

The only Late Bronze Age remains from the Kastro are a single bell cup dated to LH IIA (Mountjoy 1999a: 993; Overbeck 1989: 6, no. 22, fig. 11; Rubensohn 1917: 71, no. 2, fig. 79) and fragments from approximately 20 Mycenaean vases, including six UP kylikes, none of which are illustrated, and several deep bowls. The three bowls that Rubensohn poorly illustrated could be LH IIIC in date (Overbeck 1989: 3-4; Rubensohn 1917: 71, no. 3, figs. 80, 81). However, the lack of any associated architectural remains makes it difficult to contextualize these finds. While there may have been a 12th century settlement on the Kastro whose remains were removed by the later Geometric settlement (Rubensohn 1917: 7385), it is also possible that the main settlement on Paros had shifted back by then to the Koukounaries Hill on the north coast. Besides the Koukounaries Hill, there is no evidence for any other Mycenaean settlements on Paros; at least none were identified in the course of three seasons of surface surveys (Schilardi 1974, 1975a, 1975b, 1980: 264-272).

Because of the limited number of relevant assemblages known from the archaeological record, published and unpublished, the kinds of linkages on which the conclusions offered here are based take several factors into consideration, including systems of decoration, specific motifs, and shapes preferences. As indicated throughout this work, especially in Chapters 2 and 5.4, the closest stylistic connections to the ceramics from the Koukounaries Hill are with the pottery from Phylakopi. Indeed, since Phylakopi was continuously occupied throughout the Mycenaean era (Barber 1987: 224-244; Barber 2010: 160-170; Mee 2008: 365368) it certainly could have sent out a contingent of settlers to the Koukounaries Hill. However, there are too many dissimilarities in their respective assemblages, especially in the preferences for certain shapes and decorative systems, that make Phylakopi an unlikely point of origin. There are, however, other candidates that merit consideration. Certain elements in the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage find telling counterparts in the pottery from both Attica and Boeotia.

Absent any historical documentation or evidence from DNA analyses, it is virtually impossible to answer the question posed at the start of this chapter with certainty, since any answer will of necessity be based solely on the subjective interpretation of archaeological remains; in this case, the pottery. Nor is there any clear methodological path or formula that can be applied to this kind of inquiry. However, if the same unusual or distinctive stylistic features and shape preferences that occur in the Koukounaries Hill ceramic assemblage can be found in another or others which are contemporary or earlier, this might offer a reasonable indication of

One of the distinctive traits of the Koukounaries ceramic assemblage is the system used for painting the low-stemmed cup, FS 267, with a monochrome interior, and a band on the rim, foot, and handle, as on 48, 53-55, 176

Identifying the people from their pottery

477. This vase is normally UP and when it is painted, it is usually monochrome (Thomas 2011: 298). The painted version that appears at the Koukounaries Hill finds its closest counterparts in Attica, at Thorikos and Kontopegado, with specimens dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-IIIC Early (Thorikos: Mountjoy 1995: 206, no. 58, fig. 5.58; Mountjoy 1999: 560, no. 287, fig. 205.287; Kontopegado: Kaza-Papageorgiou and Kardamaki 2014: fig. 27.71). Interestingly, this same system of decoration occurs on earlier but equivalent shapes from the Vravron cemetery, also in Attica, dating to LH IIB (Papadopoulos and Kontorli-Papadopoulou 2014: 95, no. 385, fig. 3.244, pl. 77.385), and LH IIIA:2 (Papadopoulos and Kontorli-Papadopoulou 2014: 110, no. 544, fig. 3.299, pl. 95.544).

from Paros, the ones from Attica and Boeotia are also usually painted on the rim interior with a line and a band below, and on the exterior, with a patterned zone on the shoulder. The decoration on a fragmentary vase from Eutresis, in Boeotia, which Mountjoy thought originally had a spout, and thus might be classified as FS 249 (Mountjoy 1983: 90, no. 93, fig. 36.93; for a date in LH IIIC; Mountjoy 1999a: 676, no. 140, fig. 258.140, for a date in LH IIIB), is strikingly similar to 114 and 979. Another decorative link with Boeotia is suggested by the resemblance of an unusual double-lined tricurved arch on 782, a deep bowl, to the one painted on a krater from Scimatari, which Mountjoy dated to LH IIIC Middle (Mountjoy 1983: 68, no. 68, fig. 25, pl. 16d; Mountjoy 1999a: 689, no. 218, fig. 265.218). Two vases from the Boeotian site of Eleon, dated to LH IIIC Middle, as yet unpublished, also suggest connections with the Koukounaries assemblage (I am grateful to B. Lis and T. Van Damme for information, illustrations, and permission to mention these vases). The unusual decoration on the rim of a kalathos (EBAP P0059) comprised of alternating groups of parallel vertical lines and parallel wavy horizontal lines also occurs on the rim of 819, a kalathos from the Koukounaries Hill. A collar-necked jar from Eleon (EBAP P0683), and 302, a collar-necked jar from the Koukounaries Hill, are both decorated on the shoulder zone with concentric arcs, while the wavy band on the handle zone of the jar from Eleon resembles the band on the handle zone on 834, also a collar-necked jar.

Another link between the pottery from the Koukounaries Hill and Attica may be seen in the use of isolated concentric semicircles on the shoulders of straight-sided alabastra. While this motif appears to be relatively common on alabastra from the Koukounaries Hill (341, 850, 1018, 1127), including an unusual threelegged one, 358, its appearance on other contemporary alabastra seems limited to Phylakopi (Dawkins and Droop 1910-1911: pl. 12.73) and fragmentary ones from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, of perhaps somewhat earlier date (Broneer 1939: fig. 67a, b; Mountjoy 1999a: fig. 216.412). Finally, it may be pointed out that the decoration on 1094, the only Group B bowl from Koukounaries, is strikingly similar to a Group B deep bowl also from the Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis, dated to LH IIIB:2 (Broneer 1939: fig. 43b; Mountjoy 1999a: 556, no. 268, fig. 202.268).

Further links between the ceramics from the Koukounaries Hill and Boeotia are suggested by comparisons with an assemblage found on the floor of House V at Eutresis (Goldman 1931: 189-191, figs. 263, 264). The dating of this assemblage has wavered between late LH IIIB, LH IIIC Early (discussed in Mountjoy 1983: 81), and more recently to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 639). Goldman illustrated nine vessels: a deep semiglobular cup, FS 215 (Goldman 1931: fig. 263.8); an UP lipless, conical spouted bowl, FS 301 (Goldman 1931: fig. 263.4); an UP hydria (Goldman 1931: fig. 264); a tripod cooking pot (Goldman 1931: fig. 263.6); a small stirrup jar, FS 174 (Goldman 1931: fig. 263.3); a straight-sided alabastron, FS 98 (Goldman 1931: fig. 263.1), and a stemmed krater, FS 9 (Goldman 1931: fig. 263.5).

Shape preferences might also suggest a link with Attica, based on Mountjoy’s observation, that the Mycenaean pottery from Thorikos Mine no. 3 contained ‘an unusually large number of (UP) dippers compared with the few normally found in settlement contexts’ (Mountjoy 1995: 218). As noted in Chapters 4.3 and 4.5, multiple numbers of painted and especially UP dippers were found in four of the five contexts presented here. Finally, it may also be relevant that 89, one of the few imports identified through chemical analysis (Appendix 1), is likely to have been made in Attica; indeed, its closest parallels come from Perati. Shape preference may also provide a link between the ceramic assemblages from the Koukounaries Hill, Attica, and Boeotia. After the kylix and deep bowl, the most common vase in the Koukounaries Hill assemblage is the deep spouted cup, FS 249, a shape which is otherwise rare during LH IIIC Developed. According to Mountjoy’s catalog, prior to LH IIIC, in LH IIIA:2 and LH IIIB, the largest number come from Attica and the cemetery at Tanagra, Boeotia (Mountjoy 1999a: 1227), though still the quantities are small compared with the Koukounaries assemblage. Like many of the ones

Mountjoy was unable to locate two of the vases illustrated by Goldman (Mountjoy 1983: 81): a small, juglet, perhaps handmade, found in the area of House V but not on the floor (Goldman 1931: 190, no. 7, fig. 263.7), and an UP ‘thin-walled, two-handled cup with ring base and slightly flaring rim. A ribbon handle attaches the neck to the body at its greatest diameter’ (Goldman 1931: 190, no. 2, fig. 263.2). Unfortunately, neither the description nor the photograph provides 177

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

sufficient information to identify this vessel type within the range of Furumark shapes; nor are there any apparent comparanda.

handle placement is typical of straight-sided alabastra, its short, lipless, vertical neck and ‘air holes’ on the shoulder are indeed typical of collar-necked jars, e.g., 302. Interestingly, its profile most closely compares to 358, a three-legged straight-sided alabastron, which also has ‘air holes’ on the shoulder. Furthermore, it is also strikingly similar to a small collar-necked jar, 1123. Both have the same low, lipless cylindrical neck, are painted with even bands from the rim down, and have a small ‘air hole’ on the shoulder. This type of rim profile is not at all common on either collar-necked jars or alabastra, nor is the decoration of even bands.

However, nearly every other component of this floor deposit finds a counterpart within the Koukounaries Hill ceramic assemblage, except the UP lipless, conical spouted bowl (Mountjoy 1983: 98, no. 165, fig. 39.165, pl. 19d), which has no equivalents. Additionally, several of the vases belong to standardized types with widespread distributions, and thus do not provide the kinds of links that would help in this inquiry. For example, while the deep semiglobular cup from Eutresis, with a monochrome interior and band on the rim (Mountjoy 1983: 95, no.131, fig. 39.131, pl. 91b; Mountjoy 1999a: 680, no. 168, fig. 260.168), has quite a few parallels in the Koukounaries Hill ceramic assemblage, it also has parallels in several LH IIIC Early assemblages (see Chapter 4.3). Likewise, the tripod cooking pots with everted rims from Eutresis (Mountjoy 1983: 98, no. 148, fig. 39.148, pl. 19c) and the Koukounaries Hill (Schilardi 1978: pl. 138b, in situ), also have parallels elsewhere (for an example from Lefkandi, Phase 1a, see Popham et al. 2006: fig. 2.2.8, pl. 14.4).

The other vase of interest from House V is the stemmed krater, initially dated by Mountjoy to LH IIIB (Mountjoy 1983: 90, no. 78, fig. 36.78, pl. 18b, c), but since dated to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 680, no. 166, fig. 260.166). While the stemmed krater, FS 9, is not a common shape, it was widely distributed from LH IIIB into LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1999a: 1225). The krater from the Koukounaries Hill, 256, is outstanding not only for its fine state of preservation, but for the elegant curvature of its body and for its surprising decoration, with two completely different patterns on each side. In the present work, 256 has been dated to LH IIIC Developed, although the elaborately filled antithetic spiral with central triglyphic panel that decorates one side seems to anticipate the fully developed ‘Close Style’ or ‘Pleonastic Style’ of LH IIIC Advanced (as discussed in Chapter 2, 256, Comments and Chapter 4.5).

The UP hydria from Eutresis is also difficult to compare with any specificity. Yet, while its rim looks thicker than the rims of 1139 and 1140, like 1140, it has a prominent ridge at the junction of the neck and shoulder. The stirrup jar from House V presents a different situation (Mountjoy 1983: 88, no. 74, fig. 35.74, pl. 18a; Mountjoy 1999a: 680, no. 165, fig. 260.165). In both shape and decoration, it is very close to 600, though again, it belongs to a fairly standardized type with parallels in the Argolid (for parallels, see Chapter 2, 600, Comments). Yet it may be noted that in addition to the example from Eutresis, the same decorative elements, including hand-drawn concentric circles on the underside, occur another LH IIIB stirrup jar from Boeotia (Mountjoy 1983: 65, no. 39, fig. 24.39; Mountjoy 1999a: 675, no. 130, fig. 256.130). Although 600 has been interpreted here as an antique, if it were indeed made in Boeotia, this might suggest a connection, although it was suggested earlier that the presence of antique stirrup jars at the Koukounaries settlement, like 600, was due to their trafficking by itinerant peddlers, or possibly potters (Chapter 5.3); perhaps from Boeotia?

The closest comparisons to the profile of 256 are probably with an LH IIIB:1 krater from Mycenae (Mountjoy 1986: 109, no. 1, fig. 134; Mountjoy 1999a: 140, no. 257, fig. 34.257), and an LH IIIB:2 specimen from Tiryns (Mountjoy 1986: 127, no. 1, fig. 156.1; Mountjoy 1991a: 148, no. 287, fig. 38.287), both of which are decorated with a row of vertical whorl-shells, FS 23. Other LH IIIB kraters from Tiryns are decorated with pairs of whorl-shells (Podzuweit 2007: pls. 23.3, 24.1, 2). However, the krater from Eutresis offers intriguing parallels with 256. While its upper body is somewhat stiffer than the krater from Paros, like 256 it is decorated with conjoined whorl-shells. And although the ones on the Eutresis krater have solid tails, and the ones on 256 are filled with cross-hatching, the filling motif between the whorl-shells on the Eutresis krater consists of cross-hatch filled lozenges, a frequent motif in the Koukounaries assemblage, which inventively sit atop long solid slender ‘tails’.

Two of the vases from House V are somewhat more revealing. Mountjoy originally identified one as a collar-necked jar and dated it to LH IIIC (Mountjoy 1983: 95, no. 126), although she subsequently classified it as a type of straight-sided alabastron, FS 98, and dated it to LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1986: 141, fig. 173.2), and more recently dated it to Transitional LH IIIB:2-LH IIIC Early (Mountjoy 1999a: 680, no. 164, fig. 260.164; for a nearly identical vase from Lefkandi, Phase 1b, see Popham et al. 2006: pl. 21.4). While the angular shoulder and

Various explanations might be offered to account for the presence of the elements highlighted here which seem to link the Koukounaries Hill ceramic assemblage with LH IIIB and LH IIIC Early pottery from Attica and Euboea. Certainly, potters would have accompanied the first group of settlers to arrive on Paros, as pottery fulfilled an essential role in society and its manufacture 178

Identifying the people from their pottery

was a specialized craft. With regards to the place whence they came, if the associations pointed to here are valid, it may be reasonable to infer either an initial settlement by people from Attica, joined later by Boeotians, or an initial settlement by Boeotians joined later by arrivals from Attica, or even a joint venture from the start. In

any event, until more reliable methods are available to answer this question with greater certainty, these remarks are offered cautiously and provisionally. And like all publications of this nature, while described as ‘final,’ it is meant primarily to provide a resource for engendering continued discussion.

179

Appendix 1

Chemical analysis of Mycenaean pottery from Koukounaries, Paros by Richard Jones

central cluster with a reference group for Mycenae (Appendix 1c; LH IIIB decorated pottery; Jones 1986: Appendix II, 897) it is clear that this cluster scarcely overlaps with the higher calcium contents in fine wares at either Mycenae or indeed other centers in the Argolid.

Introduction In 1978-79 a small program of chemical analysis was carried out on mainly Mycenaean pottery found in the excavations at Koukounaries on Paros with the prime aim of establishing whether they were local products or whether they included imports from the Peloponnese and the Mainland.

On the other hand, the (1 standard deviation) range of chromium overlap with most of the central cluster, and the same applies, if to a lesser extent, to the magnesium range (Fig. 1b). The latter is broad; at the low concentration end appear again the Geometric sherds S22-24, and these are followed by a dense cluster of samples. There is then a hint that S4, S7, S12, S17, S28 and S31 form a discrete cluster and at the high magnesium end is another one comprising S1, S5, S27 and S30. However, any attempt to view these discrete clusters as indicative of differing origins should be resisted because of the way the ‘local’ plain wares, S3032, distribute themselves across them. The exceptions may be S1 and S5 which are at the extremity of the broad cluster and share, for example, high contents of aluminium. That leaves S2 which is unlikely to be Cycladic or from the Peloponnese; Attica is a more likely candidate source as its high chromium and magnesium contents are shared in the pottery, for instance, from Perati (Appendix 1c; Jones 1986: Appendix I, 896: Perati 2).

The samples selected by Demetrius Schilardi for analysis are listed in Appendix 1.b. They are all Mycenaean LH IIIC in date apart from S22-24 which are Geometric. Most are decorated; plain wares, S3032, were deliberately selected to represent likely ‘local’ production. They were sampled (in Paros Museum in September 1978) by drilling or by breaking off a small fragment which was then ground to powder. All samples were analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy in the Fitch Laboratory, British School at Athens in 1979 for nine elements. The compositions are given in Appendix 1.c. Chemical reference data for Paros remains limited. Jones (1986: 653-655) reported on the analysis of four Parian Geometric sherds (Jones 1986: plate 8.8:11-14) but their identity as local products was established with insufficient confidence for them to be considered further here. Products of Hellenistic-Roman amphora workshops in Naoussa Bay have been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) (Empereur and Picon 1986: 501-503).

These results, although limited in the sense they were obtained from a now outmoded-technique of analysis, are reasonably encouraging. There is a clear distinction in calcium between the central cluster and Mycenae (Fig. 1a). Although calcium cannot be used on its own as an indicator of origin, when this distinction is combined with the partial discrimination that is possible with respect to chromium and magnesium a picture emerges suggesting that the majority of the pottery analyzed is not consistent with the NE Peloponnese and instead may be local; if so, it was made of a similar clay to that of the plain wares but dissimilar to that of the Geometric pottery from the site. However, imports from the Argolid cannot be excluded with Fig. 1b indicating that, for example, S15, S18 and S21 lie within the Mycenae ranges; Argolid

With one or two exceptions the compositions are rather uniform; the sodium contents are relatively high perhaps suggesting the effects of burial in a slightly saline environment. Treating the compositions by simple bivariate means, two plots are presented: the origin-sensitive element chromium is plotted against the major elements, magnesium and calcium. Fig. 1a shows a broad central cluster with the plain sherds, S30-32, lying uniformly in the center of that distribution; three Geometric sherds, S22-24 and S1, S2 and S5 lie at the low and high ends of the calcium range respectively. S2 stands very well apart owing to its high chromium content. Comparing the 180

Chemical analysis of Mycenaean pottery from Koukounaries, Paros

imports may therefore be present at Koukounaries but if so, they would appear to be small in numbers. For the moment, S1 and S5 are taken to be atypically local. This picture will hopefully be clarified and extended in the light of a new phase of chemical analysis of further

material from Koukounaries planned to take place in the near future using high-performance wavelengthdispersive XRF. Richard Jones October 2018

Figure 9. (a) Cr-Ca oxide and (b) Cr-Mg oxide plots of the pottery samples from Koukounaries (Mycenaean +, 30-32 • and Geometric ∆) and the reference pottery from Mycenae (M). The 1 standard deviation ranges of the Mycenae group are indicated.

181

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Appendices 1a–c Appendix 1a. Samples analyzed from Koukounaries, Paros. Sample

Description

Cat. no. (italicized nos. are also illustrated with color)

S1

stirrup jar

421

S2

Deep semiglobular cup

89

S3

Deep bowl

121

S4

Straight-sided lid

448

S5

Straight-sided lid

449

S6

Stemmed bowl

239 240

S7a

Stemmed bowl

S7b

Stemmed bowl

240

S8

Deep bowl

not located

S9

Deep bowl

120

S10

Kylix

S11

Kylix

19

S12

Deep bowl

S13

Straight-sided alabastron

S14

Straight-sided alabastron

S15

Large stirrup jar

412

S16

Closed vessel

not located

S17

Collar-necked jar

301

S18

Collar-necked jar

301

S19

Deep semi-globular cup

483

S20

Deep bowl

not located

S21

Deep bowl

not located

S22

Geometric cup/bowl

not located

S23

Geometric cup/bowl

not located

S24

Geometric cup/bowl

not located

S25

Stirrup jar

599

S26

Shallow angular bowl

537

23

117 344 357

S27

Stirrup jar

S28

Deep spouted cup

not located 92

S29

Stemmed krater

256

S30

UP body sherd

not located

S31

UP body sherd

not located

S32

UP body sherd

not located

182

Chemical analysis of Mycenaean pottery from Koukounaries, Paros

Appendix 1b. The compositions of the pottery at Koukounaries, expressed as wt% element oxides. Sample

Al

Ca

Mg

Fe

Ti

Mn

Cr

Ni

Na

1

26.5

19.4

4.8

10.6

1.08

0.108

0.034

0.026

2.9

2

21.8

20

6.1

11.5

1.01

0.096

0.098

0.052

1.45

3

17.3

8.6

2.55

8

0.79

0.08

0.036

0.025

1.32

4

20.7

9.3

3.85

8.6

0.81

0.087

0.04

0.022

1.75

5

30

15.4

5

9.3

1.06

0.098

0.046

0.028

1.8

6

24

10.5

3.15

9.5

0.86

0.093

0.046

0.03

1.74

7

28.3

9.8

4.1

8.7

0.97

0.081

0.043

0.025

1.82

8

17.4

5.8

2.7

8.6

0.77

0.081

0.042

0.029

1.9

9

20.8

5.5

3.1

7.5

0.77

0.073

0.041

0.026

2.03

10

15.5

5.9

2.9

9.5

0.75

0.087

0.041

0.031

2

11

18.3

6.4

2.75

8.5

0.78

0.086

0.043

0.026

1.94

12

19.8

7.3

4.05

8.4

0.77

0.077

0.046

0.026

1.95

13

19.5

11.3

3.4

7.8

0.78

0.066

0.044

0.022

1.94

14

21

12.6

3.15

7.1

0.75

0.082

0.035

0.021

1.75

15

14.5

8.2

3.3

7.2

0.64

0.069

0.041

0.021

1.76

16

18

7.5

2.85

8.9

0.76

0.081

0.046

0.029

1.77

17

22.6

10.5

4.3

9.2

0.86

0.107

0.06

0.03

1.78

18

19.3

7.2

3.3

7

0.71

0.088

0.037

0.021

1.57

19

17

5.3

2.75

7.1

0.68

0.071

0.039

0.018

1.56

20

20

10

3.2

8.8

0.78

0.091

0.054

0.028

1.7

21

18.9

8

3.1

8.6

0.8

0.097

0.048

0.029

1.62

22

17

5.6

2.7

6.8

0.69

0.076

0.035

0.017

1.72

23

19.5

4.6

2.2

7.1

0.81

0.068

0.026

0.02

2.1

24

20.5

3.3

2.55

7.9

0.81

0.072

0.019

0.011

2.5

25

23.6

2.6

2

7.1

0.81

0.068

0.026

0.015

2.15

26

14.6

3.8

2.25

7.2

0.61

0.07

0.035

0.024

2.45

27

23.2

6

3.6

7.9

0.85

0.075

0.039

0.028

2.15

28

21.6

10.7

4.7

9.8

1

0.083

0.049

0.037

1.55

29

23

8.5

4.05

9.4

0.97

0.107

0.054

0.033

1.9

30

25.5

4.8

3.4

9.4

0.98

0.065

0.043

0.031

1.75

31

24.5

5.8

4.7

8.1

0.88

0.09

0.039

0.023

2.2

32

29

8.1

4.3

9.6

1.02

0.07

0.044

0.029

2.06

33

19

6.6

3.35

8.5

0.86

0.088

0.043

0.03

1.85

Appendix 1c. Reference data.  

Al

Ca

Mg

Fe

Ti

Mn

Cr

Ni

Na

Mycenae LH IIIB mean (19)

19.6

15.1

3.5

8.9

0.86

0.097

0.034

0.027

1.26

s.d.

2.1

2.5

1.2

1.2

0.09

0.017

0.007

0.006

0.4

Perati mean (24)

13.6

18.4

5.4

9.5

0.78

0.105

0.177

0.036

1.24

s.d.

2.7

6.4

1.4

1.7

0.14

0.046

0.058

0.012

0.48

s.d. = standard deviation

183

Appendix 2

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts Storerooms 2 and 3, it was also possible to separate the TB closed sherds into mono black (in Storeroom 2), patterned, linear, and UP. Furthermore, many of the UID closed TB and closed FB sherds from the East-West Corridor Upper and Lower deposits (Appendices 2d-e), and the closed FB sherds from the Shrine (Appendix 2f), were classified by the size of the vase from which they derived, to judge from their thickness and approximate diameter. Hence, where possible, they were separated into large, medium, and small in addition to the distinctions in surface treatment: mono, patterned, linear, and UP. Statistics for the various surface treatments used specifically on kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls are presented in Appendix 3.

Introduction As noted in Chapter 1.4, all sherds from the five main phase contexts published here measuring over 2 cm. in height or width were examined and counted for statistical purposes, the results of which are published here. Each appendix presents the sherd counts for each shape and its percentage of the total from that context. When the initial study of this pottery began in the summers of 1981 and 1982, the pottery from Storeroom 1 (C1-D1) and Storeroom 2 (E1) had already been given a cursory sorting and many of the whole or restorable vases had been mended. When the project resumed in 1997, the pottery from these two contexts was re-sorted, conserved, and a selection was made for the catalog. Each cataloged item was counted as ‘one,’ regardless of preservation, whether intact or in sherd form. For the other contexts - Storeroom 3, the East-West Corridor, and the Shrine - the sherds were sorted and counted prior to mending; these contexts thus represent ‘raw’ sherd counts. For all of the contexts, the sherds were separated by square, trench, stratum, and ware group. Identifiable shapes were sorted by diagnostic features (rim, handles, bases, stems) and where possible, body sherds. UID body sherds were sorted into open and closed shapes, and by surface treatment: monochrome black, monochrome red, patterned, linear, and UP.

Appendix 2 also provides a count of the minimum number of vases for each shape and context. For convenience, the cataloged specimens from each context are cited after their shape and FS number in Appendices 2a-f. As noted above, each cataloged specimen represents one vase, regardless of its state of preservation. Determining the minimum number of vases from sherds which were not cataloged but counted depended to some extent on the specific properties of the shape in question and the sherd’s state of preservation. Bases provide a reliable minimum number, as a vase will only have one. For shapes which preserve a base along with other diagnostic features, such as the spout on deep spouted cups, or the disc top or spout on stirrup jars, both of which have distinctive bases, the most numerous feature that was counted will provide the minimum number for that shape. Likewise, for vases with two handles, such as deep bowls and kylikes, if the number of handles divided by two exceeds other singular features, such as bases or, in the case of kylikes, stems, whichever is greater will provide the minimum number for that shape. Since many shapes have the same kinds of handles, especially jugs, amphorae, and hydriae, only handles that are specific to one shape were counted to determine minimum numbers, such as the handle on dippers. Rim sherds and UID body sherds, which comprise the two most numerous categories, are also the most unreliable fragments for determining a minimum number and thus, adopting the most conservative method, wherever they appear as a category, regardless of their total, were counted as one vase. Hence, the minimum numbers offered in the appendices here are indeed, minimal.

The Upper and Lower deposits from the East-West Corridor are presented separately (Appendices 2d and 2e), to enable a comparison of their respective assemblages. The last appendix, 2g, compares the total counts and percentages all of shapes from all contexts. This will provide a detailed view of the total proportions of the vase shapes represented in the Koukounaries Hill ceramic assemblage and facilitate a comparison of distribution patterns within the building complex (summarized in Chapter 4.5). There are some inconsistencies in the separation of certain groups of sherds, especially UID body sherds. In Storeroom 1, the UID FB open body sherds were divided by their surface treatments into mono red IN/linear EX, mono red IN/UP EX, UP IN/mono red EX (Appendix 2a). The UID FB closed body sherds in Storerooms 1, 2 and 3 were separated by their surface treatments into mono black, mono red, linear, and UP (Appendices 2a-c). In

184

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

Appendices 2a-g

Body sherds

Total

Percent of total

Minimum number of vases

Percent of total minimum # of vases

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2a. Context 1 (Storeroom 1): statistics.

2

3

0%

1

0%

1

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

CR: open shapes Kylix (all types) (36)

1

Ring based krater (FS 282) (260)

1

CR: closed shaped

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (395)

Large stirrup jar (type indeterminate) (414) Disc-shaped lid (457) CR: UID

1

(disc) 1 2

WW: open shapes Deep bowl (FS 284) (131, 208)

1

Ring-based krater (FS 282) (259)

1

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) (237)

1

Amphoriskos (FS 59) (292)

1

1

Large collar-necked jar or hydria (FS 63 or FS 128) (326)

1

Large jug (FS 106) (363, 372)

1

UID: UP

1

6

TB: open Platter (?) (274)

1

Large piriform jar (FS 38) (285, 286, 288, 289, 290)

2

TB: closed

Amphoriskos (FS 59) (298)

1 2

1

WW: closed shapes

1

2

1

1

2 1

0%

0% 0% 0%

1

1 2

0%

2

0%

1

0%

1

0%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

2

0%

2

0%

1

0%

1

0%

5

0%

5

1%

1

0%

1

0%

6

0%

1

0%

Large Collar-necked jar (FS 63) (302, 304, 315, 321, 325)

2

3

5

0%

5

1%

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69)? (329-331, 333)

3

1

4

0%

4

1%

2

8

0%

8

1%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

Large jug (FS 106) (361, 362, 364, 367, 370, 373, 375, 376)

5

Small jug (FS 115)? (388)

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (391, 393) Cooking jug (FS 65) (403) Hydria (FS 128) (409)

1

1 1

2

2 1

Large stirrup jar (FS 167) (415)

1

185

1 1

0% 0% 0%

2 1 1

0% 0% 0%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Percent of total minimum # of vases

6

Minimum number of vases

Body sherds

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles 3

Percent of total

2

UID: UP

2

0%

6

1%

2 15

26

0% 1%

26

2

UID: linear

0%

Total

Medium stirrup jar (type indeterminate) (417, 419)

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2a. Continued.

3

10

26

5

91

126

80

12

616

920

13%

97

13%

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) (48-76)

6

104

49

2

40

202

3%

57

8%

Semiglobular cup (FS 211) (79)

1

2

0%

2

0%

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 216) (89)

1

FB: open shapes Kylix (FS 274, 258/274, 267/274, indeterminate) (1-47)

Kylix or Low-stemmed cup (77-78) Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215) (80-88) Shallow angular cup (90) Mug (FS 226) (91)

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) (92-114) Deep bowl (FS 284) (115-228)

Handleless medium band bowl (229)

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) (230-236, 238) Stemmed bowl (FS 305) (239-247)

7

1 1 7 1

Handleless collar-necked bowl (253)

1

Spouted small bowl (255)

1

Stemmed krater (FS 9) (256-258)

1

Spouted basin (FS 302) (267)

1

Kalathos (FS 291) (261-266) Basin: UP (268-273)

Dipper: dec (FS 236) (276-280) Dipper: UP (FS 236) (275)

UID: mono red IN/linear EX UID: mono red IN/UP EX

UID: UP IN/mono red EX

4

4

57

353

6

119

83

1

7 2 1

4

1 2

3

20

55

765

1

1

3 1

5

11

5

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) (301, 303, 305314, 316-320, 322-324)

5

0%

1

139

2%

1

1 2

1

0%

1 1

42

3%

0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 6%

1327

19%

178

24%

8

0%

8

1%

9

0%

9

1%

1

0%

1

0%

1

11

1 5

15

32

2

3

1

4

186

1

6

1

2

11

6

3

0% 1%

3

3

5

Large piriform jar (FS 38) (281-284, 287, 291)

46

1

2

1

2

1

1

5

71

1

FB: closed shapes

Amphoriskos (FS 59) (293-297, 299, 300)

1

8 2

Spouted deep bowl (254)

27

1

1

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) (248-251) Shallow rounded bowl (252)

1

32

4 1

0%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

1

4 1 1 1 3 6 1 6 5

0%

11

0%

1

0% 0%

1 1

0%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%

1

6

0%

6

1%

12

20

0%

20

3%

2

7

0%

7

1%

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

Straight-sided alabastron, three-legged (FS 99) (358, 359)

Straight-sided alabastron, composite (FS 330) (357) Large jug (FS 106) (360, 365, 366, 368, 369, 371, 374)

1 1

Small jug (FS 115) (387)

Small jug (FS 115)? (389, 390)

1

1

Hydria (FS 128) (407, 408, 410) Feeding bottle (FS 162) (411)

1

2

Disc-shaped lid (456)

1

2

UID: mono red UID: linear Totals

1

1

Body sherds

Stems

Spouts

Bases

1

5

(disc) 2

11

12

21 53

6

187

41 10

30

1

0%

7

0%

7

1%

12

1

0%

0%

2

0%

1

0%

1

0%

7

0%

7

1%

2

0%

2

0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

8 2 8 1 3 3

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

8 2 8 1 3 3 1

1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%

3

0%

3

0%

2

0%

2

0%

10

24

0%

24

3%

3

58

1%

12

2%

1

1

0%

1

0%

1

1

9

16

29

30

20

1

0%

2

1

1 30

0%

1

1

1

5

3

1

2%

1

(disc) 7

0%

16

5

3

1

0%

4

1 (disc) 1

Small lentoid flask (FS 186) (447)

UID: UP

2

0%

33

1

1

Stirrup jar: indeterminate

UID: mono black

1

1

Medium stirrup jar (type indeterminate) (418, 420)

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) (448-455)

1

1

1

18

1

3

1

Small lekythos (FS 122) (404-406)

Large lentoid flask (FS 186) (446)

5 2

Trefoil-mouthed jug (FS 137) (402)

Small stirrup jar (FS 174, 180, 181, type indeterminate) (421-445)

6

1

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (392, 394, 396-400)

Large stirrup jar (FS 164, type indeterminate) (412, 413, 416)

5

1

Medium jug (FS 110) (377, 378)

Medium jug (FS 110)? (379-386)

3

6

Percent of total minimum # of vases

Rounded alabastron (FS 86) (334-340)

1

Minimum number of vases

1

Rim-handled amphora? (FS 69) (332)

Percent of total

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) (328)

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 and 98) (341-356)

Handles

1

Total

Large collar-necked jar or hydria (FS 63 or FS 128) (327)

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2a. Continued.

792

2984

1

23

884

2995

7048

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

13% 42%

1 8 1 1 3

30 30

748

0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 4% 4%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Total

Percent of total

Minimum number of vases

Percent of total minimum # of vases

1

0%

1

0%

1

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

2

0%

2

1%

Body sherds

1

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples))

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2b. Context 2 (Storeroom 2): statistics.

CR: open shapes Kylix: indeterminate TB: open shapes

Kylix: indeterminate Basin: UP

1

TB: closed shapes Large piriform jar (FS 38) (559) Amphoriskos (FS 59) (560)

1

Belly-handed amphora (FS 58) (564)

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) (565, 568, 569)

1

Large jug (FS 106) (572)

1

Medium jug (FS 110) (574-579, 581, 582, 584586)

2

Small jug (FS 115) (589)

1

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (590, 591) Hydria (FS 128) (594)

Medium stirrup jar (FS 181) (599) UID: mono black

1

1

Large Collar-necked jar (FS 63) (561, 563)

1

UID: patterned (612) UID: linear (613)

1 2

FB: open shapes

1 1

7 1

3

19

10

0%

0% 0% 0% 0%

1

1 1 3 1

0%

0% 0% 1% 0%

15

1%

11

4%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

2

1

2

1

3 1

2

UID: UP (614)

1

12 2

1

0%

1 7 1

24

134

145

0% 0% 0% 0% 1%

2 1 1 1 3

6%

10

1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 4%

Kylix (FS 258, 274, 258/274, 267/274, indeterminate) (458-476)

2

62

21

21

12

119

237

9%

32

12%

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215) (483)

3 1

15

27

12

22

234

313

12%

37

14%

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) (485-494)

1

6

9

3

20

1

0%

1

0%

Deep bowl (FS 284) (496-526)

9

106

23

545 2

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) (477-482) Mug (FS 226) (484)

Shallow spouted cup (495)

Handleless medium band bowl (527-529) Stemmed bowl (FS 305) (530-536)

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) (537, 538) Stemmed krater (FS 9) (539-541)

Ring based carinated krater (FS 282) (542, 543) Kalathos (FS 291) (544, 545)

Spouted basin (FS 302) (546)

1 2

2 5 1 2 2 1

188

1

11

1

2

1 1

1

2

0%

2

1%

1%

17

694

34%

31

11%

7

0%

7

3%

1 3 4 3 2 2 1

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

1 3 3 3 2 2 1

6% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0%

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles 10

1

Percent of total minimum # of vases

4

Minimum number of vases

UID: mono red IN/EX

3

1

Percent of total

Dipper: UP (FS 236) (553-558)

1

Total

Basin: UP (550, 551)

3

Body sherds

Basin: dec (547-549, 552)

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples))

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2b. Continued.

1

4

0%

4

1%

121

139

6%

13

5%

10

10

0%

1

13

UID: mono red IN/linear EX UID: mono red IN/UP EX

10

UID: linear IN/EX

10

UID open: linear IN/UP EX

9

FB: closed shapes

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) (562)

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) (566, 567)

2

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) (570, 571)

1

1

2

13 10 10 9

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

2 1 1 1 1

1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

1

1

0%

1

0%

1

2

0%

2

1%

2

0%

2

1%

Large jug (FS 106) (573)

1

1

0%

1

0%

Medium jug (FS 110)?

28

1

0%

1

0%

Medium jug (FS 110) (580, 583) Small jug (FS 115) (587-588)

Small lekythos (FS 122) (592)

2

2

Large lekythos (FS 123) (593)

Large stirrup jar (type indeterminate) (595) Medium stirrup jar (FS 175) (596-598)

Small stirrup jar (FS 174, 180, 181, type indeterminate) (600-608)

2

2

1 (disc) 1

(disc) 2

Medium lentoid flask (FS 186) (609)

1 1

3

UID: patterned (617-620)

UID: linear (610, 611, 613)

Totals

1 3

15 3

9

27

189

1 8

9

16

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

2 2 1 1 1 3

1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1%

7

9

0%

9

3%

11

17

1%

3

1%

3

0%

1

0%

1 3

UID: mono red

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) (621-624)

1 1

UID: mono black

UID: UP (615, 616)

1

1

(disc) 1

Stirrup jar: indeterminate

2

0%

1

60

60

205

230

1

4

22

404

22

437 2520

0% 2% 1% 9%

13% 0%

1 1 4 9

16 4

273

0% 0% 1% 3% 6% 1%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

3

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) (683) Stemmed bowl (FS 305) (684)

Dipper: UP (FS 236) (690-693) TB: closed shapes

Amphoriskos (FS 59) (694, 695)

Large Collar-necked jar (FS 63) (696)

2

1 4 1

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) (697)

5

1

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) (700) Large jug (FS 106) (701-703)

Deep bowl (FS 284) (647-682)

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) (685)

1 2

Shallow rounded bowl (686) Kalathos (FS 291) (687)

Spouted basin (FS 302) (688, 689) FB: closed shapes

6

1%

6

6%

1

0%

1

1%

10

6

0%

2

2%

1

0%

1

1%

2 1

1 6

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%

2 1 1 1 1 6

2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 6%

28%

24

23%

5

13

1%

10

10%

1

0%

1

1%

2

9

1

1 4

11 332

1

45

14

1%

1

1

3% 1%

1%

427

37%

36

34%

1

0%

1

1%

1 1

1

4%

3

1%

316

45

3%

1

250

7

6

5%

30

24

1

5

1%

27

11

83

1%

1

3

84

2

0%

2

1

1

1 1

1

3

FB: open shapes

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) (640)

1

1

UID: UP (711-714)

Kylix or Low-stemmed cup

1%

2

1

UID: linear (708-710, 722)

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) (636-639)

1

1

UID: patterned (715-720)

Kylix (FS 274, 258/274, 267/274, indeterminate) (625-635)

0%

1

1

Large stirrup jar (type UID) (706)

1

1

2

Medium jug (FS 110) (705)

1

1

1

Rounded alabastron (FS 86) (698, 699)

Percent of total minimum # of vases

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) (641-646)

Minimum number of vases

TB: open shapes

Percent of total

Relief pithos (FS 13) (724)

Total

CR: open shapes

Body sherds

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2c. Context 3 (Storeroom 3): statistics.

2

0% 0% 0%

1 1 2

1% 1% 2%

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98)

1

3

11

15

1%

3

3%

Small jug (FS 115)

1

1

12

14

1%

1

1%

2

5

Large jug (FS 106) (704)

Medium stirrup jar (FS 174) (707) Stirrup jar: indeterminate

1

(disc) 1

UID: mono black

2

4

UID: mono red

2

UID: patterned

UID: linear (721, 723) UID: UP

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) Totals

1

1 5

1

1

190

1

2

66

237 8

1 1 4 2 2

67

239 9

1247

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%

12% 1%

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

105

1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1%

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

Total

Percentage of total

Minimum number of vases

Percent of total minimum # of vases

2

0%

1

0%

1

2

0%

1

0%

1

1

0%

1

0%

2

0%

1

0%

1

0%

1

0%

Body sherds

1

Stems

Bases

1

Spouts

Handles

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2d. Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit): statistics.

CR: open shapes Kylix

WW: closed shapes Amphora

1

TB: open shapes Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) (740) TB: closed shapes

Large jug (FS 106) (855)

2

Medium stirrup jar (FS 174, 181)

1

Medium jug (FS 110) (860, 864)

1

UID: mono red EX

1 3

UID large: patterned (899, 901)

2

UID medium: patterned (932) UID large: linear (888, 891)

2

UID small: linear (936)

1

UID medium: linear (909, 921, 923, 925)

2

UID: linear

2

UID large: UP (893)

1

UID medium: UP (926)

1

UID: UP

Grill stand (961) Kylix (FS 274, 258/274, 267/274, indeterminate) (725-736)

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) (737-742)

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215) (743-745)

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) (809-811) Stemmed bowl (FS 305) (812)

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) Shallow rounded bowl

3

22

50

53

1 1

57

432

448 1

0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 9% 0%

1 2 4 1 1 1 4 7 1

1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 0%

594

832

16%

35

10%

28

12

7

1

29

77

2%

8

2%

1

1

0%

1

0%

15

335 3 1

3

Basin: UP (825-827)

16

52

7

2

0%

2

0%

7

Kalathos (FS 291) (818-821) Basin: dec (823, 824)

4

3

0%

1

0%

28

1

Spouted basin (FS 302) (822)

9

2

0%

1

54

Stemmed krater (FS 9) (813-815)

Ring based krater (FS 282) (816, 817)

1

3

0%

149 2

Carinated cup (FS 240) (746)

Deep bowl (FS 284) (756-808)

4

1

FB: open shapes

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) (747-755)

3

2

2 1 2 8

191

5

62

4

30

9

8

553

3 1

6

37

1

1

9

1% 3%

19%

53

15%

1

0%

1

0%

3

1 3 2 4

1

1%

4

983

3 1

0%

1 2 8

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

3 2 1 3 2 4 1 2 8

1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 1% 2%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Body sherds

Total

Percentage of total

Minimum number of vases

Percent of total minimum # of vases

18

1

1

20

0%

18

5%

Amphoriskos (FS 59) (828-831)

1

1

1

1

4

0%

4

1%

1

1

0%

1

0%

FB: closed shapes

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) (832-839)

2

Small collar-necked jar (FS 64)

Belly-handled amphora (FS 58 (841)

1

Rounded alabastron (FS 86) (844, 845)

1

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) (842, 843) Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) (846853)

1

Straight-sided alabastron, raised base (FS 97) (854)

2

4

2 1 6

7

19

1

Medium jug (FS 110) (856-859, 861-863, 865)

9

Small jug (FS 115) (866-868)

33

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (869-871)

3

Small lekythos (FS 122) (872) Hydria (FS 128) (873, 874)

1

1

Medium stirrup jar (FS 181) (875)

1

7

10

1

1 1

Medium stirrup jar, type indeterminate (876)

1

Small stirrup jar (FS 174, 180, 181, type indeterminate) (877-887)

(disc) 4

Stirrup jar: type indeterminate

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) (960)

(disc) 1

6

1

1

1

2

7

UID small: mono black (939) UID small: mono red (950) UID: mono red

11

UID large: patterned (900, 902, 903) UID medium: patterned (933)

UID large: linear (889, 890, 894-898, 904-906)

3

192

5

0%

1

0%

1

0%

17

0%

8

2%

3

0%

3

1%

44 1 2 1 1

1% 0% 0% 0% 0%

3 1 2 1 1

1% 0% 1% 0% 0%

0%

11

3%

8

21

0%

5

1%

4

8

0%

2

1%

3 1 3

10 1

11 3 1 6

4 3

1

1% 2%

6

UID medium: UP (911-914, 927-931)

0%

2

0%

8

2 1

0%

1

2%

1%

2

UID small: linear (937, 938, 940-945, 957, 958)

0%

8

33

8

3

UID small: UP (946-949, 959)

1

183

4

UID large: UP (892)

2

183

3

UID medium: linear (907, 908, 910, 915-920, 922, 924, 934, 935)

1

0%

11

6

UID: patterned

Totals

5

8

7

1

UID small: patterned (951-956)

UID: UP

Stems

Bases

5

Spouts

Handles

Dipper: UP (FS 236)

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Rims

Appendix 2d. Continued.

1

0%

11

0%

1

0% 0% 4%

3 6 1

2% 0% 3% 1% 0% 2% 0%

10

13

0%

13

4%

2

10

0%

10

3%

16

7

27

1%

16

5%

7

2155

2170

40%

7

1

12

0%

7

0%

4

5

0%

1 5

5226

0% 0%

1 5

344

3%

0% 1% 2%

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

Total

Percent of total

Minimum number of vases

Percent of total minimum # of vases

Body sherds

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2e. Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit): statistics.

2

0%

1

1%

3

0%

3

2%

TB: open shapes Kylix: indeterminate

2

Basin: dec (1004, 1006, 1007)

3

Kalathos (1002)

1

Basin: UP (1008, 1009)

2

TB: closed shapes

Medium jug (FS 110) (1030)

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (1038) Stirrup jar: indeterminate

1

1

UID: mono black

UID: patterned

UID: large linear (1046, 1049)

1

UID: linear

6

UID: medium linear (1054)

1

UID: large UP (1047, 1048, 1050, 1053)

2

UID: medium UP (1057, 1059, 1060)

1

UID: UP

FB: open shapes Kylix (FS 274, 258/274, 267/274, indeterminate) (962-964) Straight-sided cup (971)

1

Deep bowl (FS 284) (983-999)

1

Stemmed bowl (FS 305) (1000)

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) (1001) Kalathos (FS 291) (1003)

1 1

1

7

75

28

23

24

3

6

4

3

1

97

10

22

3

4

1

1

4

4

1

Dipper: UP (FS 236)

1

FB: closed shapes

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) (1011-1013)

1

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) (1015, 1016)

1

2

193

0%

1

1%

7 6 2 1

123 7 3 1

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0%

2 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1

1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1%

441

22%

33

18%

2

20

55

3%

8

4%

6

18

1%

11

6%

0%

1

0%

0%

151

281

14%

3

11

1%

1 1

4

0% 0% 0% 0%

7

1%

305

1

9%

2

1%

10

3

5

1%

1

174

1

1

0%

160

1

2

Small collar-necked jar (FS 64) (1014)

1

1

113

1% 1%

1 6

2

1%

2

10

5

0%

2

0%

8

1

Basin: UP (1010)

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) (10171025)

3

6

1

Basin: dec (1005)

1

0%

2 1

1

1

3

UID: small UP (1067)

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) (972-982)

1

1

UID: large patterned (1053)

2 2

2

UID: mono red

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267) (965-970)

1

1

4%

1%

22

12%

2

1%

1 1 1 3

1% 1% 1% 1% 2%

1

3

0%

3

2%

1

2

0%

2

1%

6

1

0% 0%

1 9

1% 5%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

10

Small jug (FS 115) (1033-1036)

12

Medium jug (FS 110)?

1

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (1037)

1

Small stirrup jar (FS 174, 180, 181, indeterminate) (1040-1045)

1

Straight-sided lid (FS 334) Rhyton? (1076)

UID large: UP (1051, 1052)

2

UID small: mono red (1068) UID: mono black

1 1

UID: mono red

UID small: patterned (1072-1074)

3

UID medium: linear (1055, 1056, 1064)

2

UID: linear

1

UID small: linear (1066, 1069-1071, 1075)

1

UID medium: UP (1058, 1061, 1062, 1065)

1 4

194

3

1

2

Body sherds

Stems

1

1%

2

0%

2

1%

1

0%

1

1%

14 1

1% 1% 0% 0%

4 4 1 1

2% 2% 1% 1%

5

12

1%

6

3%

3

3

0%

1

1%

2

0%

2

1%

1 1

10

10

1

1

3

UID: patterned

0%

1

2

UID: medium patterned (1063)

Totals

1 1

(disc) 3

1 12

1

1

Large stirrup jar (type indeterminate) (1039)

1

Percent of total minimum # of vases

Medium jug (FS 110) (1028, 1029, 1031, 1032)

Minimum number of vases

2

Percent of total

Large jug (FS 106) (1027)

UID: UP

Spouts

Bases

Handles

1

Total

Straight-sided alabastron, raised base (FS 97) (1026)

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2e. Continued.

2 3

16

16

1

5

1

3

180

181

570

571

1

4

2016

0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 9% 0%

27%

1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 5 1 4 1

185

1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3% 1% 2% 1%

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

Body sherds

Total

Percent of total

Minimum number of vases

Percent of total minimum # of vases

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2f. Context 5 (Shrine): statistics.

1

1

0%

1

1%

2

2

0%

2

1%

3

0%

2

1%

1

0%

1

1%

CR: closed shaped UID large: UP (1152) TB: open shapes

Spouted basin (FS 302) (1118) Basin: UP

1

TB: closed shapes Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) Jug: indeterminate

1

2 3

8

Stirrup jar: indeterminate UID: patterned UID: linear

7

UID: UP

3

131

35

9

14

1

5

2

3

FB: open shapes

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267)

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215) (1081)

1

Deep bowl (FS 284) (1086-1109)

1

Deep spouted cup (FS 249) (1082-1085) One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) (1110-1112)

1

Ring based krater (FS 28) (1113-1117)

1

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69) (1124, 1125)

14

4

2

Large jug (FS 106) (1131, 1132)

2

Small jug (FS 115) (1137)

1

Hydria (FS 128) (1139-1141)

1 1

15 3

1

1

1

1

195

80

0% 0% 4%

1 1 1 7

1%

1% 1% 1% 4%

14%

10

315

504

27%

23

13%

7

27

1%

12

7%

10

1%

5

3%

288

1

1

8

0%

1

262

1 3

5

0%

252

3

1

Straight-sided alabastron, composite (FS 330) (1130)

Stirrup jar (FS 174) (1142)

5

1

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) (1126-1129)

Neck-handled jug (FS 121) (1138)

23

4

FB: closed shapes

Medium jug (FS 110) (1133-1136)

36

2

Basin: UP (1119)

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63) (1122)

151

73

3

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295)

Amphoriskos (FS 59) (1120, 1121)

2

5 8

7

2

8

1

UID: mono red

Kylix (FS 274, 258/274, 267/274, indeterminate) (1077-1080)

2

3

3

3

6%

2%

497

27%

36

20%

3

0%

3

2%

5

0%

3

2%

4

0%

4

2%

5

0%

5

3%

4

0%

3

2%

4

0%

2

1%

1

0%

1

1%

4

0%

4

2%

1

0%

1

1%

2

0%

2

1%

5

0%

2

1%

15 1 3 1

1% 0% 0% 0%

4 1 3 1

2% 1% 2% 0%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1

UID small: mono red (1158)

1

UID: mono red

UID small: patterned (1160-1166) UID medium: linear (1153)

1

UID small: linear (1167) UID: linear

UID large: UP (1143, 1146-1151)

3

UID medium: UP (1154, 1156, 1157) UID small: UP (1159) UID: UP

Terracotta figure: bovid (1169) Totals

4

5

1

2

8

196

1 (leg) 1

1

1%

1

0%

1

1%

2 1

26

26

1

1

1

3

0%

25

125

4

1

25 7

UID: patterned

Percent of total minimum # of vases

UID medium: mono red (1155)

1

Minimum number of vases

1

Percent of total

Straight-sided lid (FS 334)

Body sherds

Stems

Spouts

Bases

Handles

(disc) 1

Total

Stirrup jar: indeterminate

Rims

Ware, Shape (cataloged examples)

Complete or most of profile

Appendix 2f. Continued.

250

7 1

134 8 3 1

253 1

1938

0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 7% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0%

1 1 1 7 1 1 1 5 7 3 1 2 1

180

1% 1% 1% 4% 1% 1% 1% 3% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1%

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

Storeroom 1 (total: 7,049)

Storeroom 2 (total: 2,520)

Storeroom 3 (total: 1,247)

E–W Corridor, upper deposit (total: 5,226)

E–W Corridor, lower deposit (total: (2,016)

Shrine (total: 1,938)

All contexts (total: 19,995)

Appendix 2g. Comparison of statistics from all main phase contexts by ware and shape.

(3) 0%

(1) 0%

–

(2) 0%

–

–

(6) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

(1) 0%

Neck-handled jug (FS 121)

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

Disc-shaped lid

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

Ware, shape

CR: open Kylix (all types)

Ring-based krater (FS 282) Relief pithos (FS 13) CR: closed

Large stirrup jar (FS 164) UID: UP

(1) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

– –

(2) 0%

–

Deep bowl (FS 284)

(2) 0%

–

Ring-based krater (FS 282)

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

–

(6) 0%

–

CR: UID

WW: open One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) WW: closed

Amphoriskos (FS 59)

Large collar-necked jar or hydria (FS 63 or FS 128) Amphora: indeterminate Large jug (FS 106) UID

TB: open

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

–

–

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

–

–

(2) 0%

–

–

–

–

(6) 0%

–

(2) 0%

–

(3) 0%

–

–

–

(6) 0%

Basin: dec Basin: UP

– – –

–

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(10) 1%

Large piriform jar (FS 38)

(5) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

Large Collar-necked jar (FS 63)

(5) 0%

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

–

Amphoriskos (FS 59)

Belly-handled amphora (FS 58)

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69)?

(1) 0% –

(4) 0%

– –

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

–

–

(3) 0%%

197

(1) 0%

–

(3) 0%

–

TB: closed

–

–

–

Dipper: UP (FS 236)

–

–

–

(2) 0%

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

–

Platter?

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

Spouted basin (FS 302)

–

–

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

(6) 1%

Kalathos

–

–

–

–

(2) 0%

–

–

Stemmed bowl (FS 305)

–

–

Deep spouted cup (FS 249)

–

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

One-handled conical bowl

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

–

– –

–

–

–

–

Kylix: indeterminate

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267)

–

–

– –

–

–

–

–

– – – –

(2) 0%

(1) 0% (1) 0% (1) 0% (2) 0%

–

(2) 0%

(2) 0%

(2) 0%

–

–

(10) 0%

–

–

(6) 0%

–

–

(8) 0%

– – –

– –

– –

(3) 0%

(2) 0% (3) 0% (5) 0% (1) 0%

(4) 0% (1) 0%

(11) 0%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Storeroom 1 (total: 7,049)

Storeroom 2 (total: 2,520)

Storeroom 3 (total: 1,247)

E–W Corridor, upper deposit (total: 5,226)

E–W Corridor, lower deposit (total: (2,016)

Shrine (total: 1,938)

All contexts (total: 19,995)

Appendix 2g. Continued.

–

–

(2) 0%

–

–

–

(2) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

(1) 0%

Large jug (FS 106)

(8) 0%

(1) 0%

(3) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

(13) 0%

Small jug (FS 115)

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

(2) 0%

Neck-handled jug (FS 121)

(2) 0%

Large stirrup jar (FS 164)

(1) 0%

Ware, shape

Rounded alabastron (FS 86) Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98) Medium jug (FS 110) Jug: indeterminate Hydria (FS 128)

Medium stirrup jar (FS 174, 181)

–

(15) 1%

–

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

(7) 0%

UID: linear

(26) 0%

Grill stand

–

UID: patterned UID: UP

FB: open

Kylix (all types)

Low-stemmed cup (FS 267)

Kylix or Low-stemmed cup Semiglobular cup (FS 211)

–

(71) 1%

(920) 13%

Handleless medium band bowl

One-handled conical bowl (FS 242) Stemmed bowl (FS 305)

–

–

(1) 0%

–

(145) 6%

(237) 9%

(316) 28%

–

(14) 1%

(2) 0%

–

(13) 1% –

–

– –

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

(7) 0%

(8) 0%

(8) 0% (5) 0% (2) 0% (2) 0% (4) 0% (2) 0%

(5) 0%

(32) 0%

(80) 4%

(364) 2%

(24) 0%

(262) 14%

(832) 16%

(441) 22%

(504) 27% (3250) 17%

–

–

(77) 2% –

(6) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

(27) 1%

(687) 2%

–

(2) 0%

–

(16) 0%

–

(3) 0%

(57) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

(37) 1%

(18) 1%

(1327) 19%

(694) 34%

(427) 37%

(983) 19%

(281) 14%

(8) 0%

–

–

(3) 0%

–

(3) 0%

(14) 0%

(4) 0%

(10 0%

(3) 0%

(11) 1%

(5) 0%

(35) 0%

–

–

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0% (3) 0%

(9) 0%

(7) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

–

(3) 0%

(1) 0%

– – –

0% – – –

198

– – –

(1) 0% 0% – –

(3) 0%

(1) 0% – –

(1) 0% – – – –

–

(1) 0%

(20) 1%

–

–

–

–

(139) 2%

–

–

(55) 3%

–

(1156) 6%

(1) 0%

–

–

–

(20) 0%

(185) 9%

– –

–

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

Stemmed krater (FS 9)

(2) 0%

(448) 9%

Handleless collar-necked bowl Spouted small bowl

(6) 1%

–

(45) 4%

(11) 0%

Spouted deep bowl

–

(126) 6%

Shallow angular bowl (FS 295) Shallow rounded bowl

–

–

(78) 2%

–

Deep bowl (FS 284)

–

(1) 0%

(30) 3%

(1) 0%

Shallow spouted cup

–

–

(24) 1%

(1) 0%

Shallow angular cup

Deep spouted cup (FS 249)

(8) 0%

(17) 1%

(2) 0%

Straight-sided cup

–

(3) 0%

(46) 1%

Mug (FS 226)

–

–

(313) 12%

–

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

(202) 3% (2) 0%

(2) 0%

–

Deep semiglobular cup (FS 215, 216) Carinated cup (FS 240)

–

–

–

UID: mono

–

(1) 0% (1) 0%

–

–

(2) 0%

(2) 0%

Stirrup jar: indeterminate

(1) 0%

–

(10) 1% –

(2) 0% (1) 0%

(225) 1% (1) 0%

(497) 27% (4164) 23% –

(1) 0% – – – – –

(4) 0%

(19) 0% (1) 0% (1) 0% (1) 0% (1) 0% (7) 0%

Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts

–

All contexts (total: 19,995)

Basin: dec

(1) 0%

Shrine (total: 1,938)

Spouted basin (FS 302)

(6) 0%

E–W Corridor, lower deposit (total: (2,016)

Kalathos (FS 291)

-

E–W Corridor, upper deposit (total: 5,226)

Ring-based carinated krater

Storeroom 3 (total: 1,247)

Ring based krater (FS 282)

Storeroom 2 (total: 2,520)

Ware, shape

Storeroom 1 (total: 7,049)

Appendix 2g. Continued.

(2) 0%

–

0%

–

(5) 0%

(9) 0%

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

(11) 0%

(4) 0%

–

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

(2) 0%

-

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

Basin: UP

(6) 0%

Dipper: UP (FS 236)

(32) 0%

(139) 6%

UID: mono red IN/linear EX

(4) 0%

(10) 0%

Dipper: dec (FS 236) UID: mono red IN/EX

UID: mono red IN/UP EX UID: linear IN/EX

UID: linear IN/UP EX

(5) 0% –

(3) 0% –

(2) 0%

–

–

(13) 0% (10) 0% (10) 0% (9) 0%

(4) 0%

(21) 0%

–

(195)1%

–

(14) 0%

–

–

– – – –

(6) 0%

–

–

Large collar-necked jar (FS 63)

(20) 0%

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

Small collar-necked jar (FS 64)

– – – – –

– – – – –

–

–

–

(4) 0%

–

–

–

Rim-handled amphora (FS 69)

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

Rounded alabastron (FS 86)

–

Straight-sided alabastron (FS 96 or 98)

(7) 0% (33) 0%

Straight-sided alabastron, composite (FS 330)

– – – – – – – –

(5) 0% (7) 0% (5) 0%

(13) 0% (13) 0% (10) 0% (10) 0% (1) 0% (6) 0%

(8) 0%

–

(3) 0%

(4) 0%

(15) 0%

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

(2) 0%

–

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

(4) 0%

(11) 0%

–

(1) 0%

–

–

(8) 0%

(2) 0%

(15) 1%

(33) 1%

(9) 0%

(4) 0%

(96) 0%

–

–

–

0%

0%

–

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

Straight-sided alabastron, threelegged (FS 99)

(2) 0%

–

–

–

–

–

(2) 0%

Large jug (FS 106)

Medium jug (FS 110)

(7) 0%

(2) 0%

–

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

(13) 0%

Medium jug (FS 110)?

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

(8) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

(9) 0%

Large collar-necked jar or hydria (FS 63 or FS 128) Belly-handled amphora (FS 58) Rim-handled amphora? (FS 69)

Straight-sided alabastron, raised base

Small jug (FS 115)

Small jug (FS 115)?

Neck-handled jug (FS 121)

Trefoil-mouthed jug (FS 137) Cooking jug

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0% (2) 0% (8) 0% (1) 0% (1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

–

–

(2) 0%

(1) 0%

(4) 0%

Large piriform jar (FS 38)

(7) 0%

(8) 0%

-

–

(20) 0%

(1) 0%

Amphoriskos (FS 59)

(1) 0%

-

–

UID: UP IN/mono red EX FB: closed

–

–

-

–

– –

–

(2) 0%

(1) 0% –

– –

(1) 0%

– –

(33) 0%

(1) 0% (1) 0%

–

(17) 0%

(12) 1%

(15) 1%

(2) 0%

(14) 1%

(44) 1%

(14) 1%

(5) 0%

(80) 0%

–

–

(3) 0%

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

(13) 0%

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

–

199

– – –

– – –

– –

(49) 0%

(2) 0% (1) 0%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Ware, shape

Storeroom 1 (total: 7,049)

Storeroom 2 (total: 2,520)

Storeroom 3 (total: 1,247)

E–W Corridor, upper deposit (total: 5,226)

E–W Corridor, lower deposit (total: (2,016)

Shrine (total: 1,938)

All contexts (total: 19,995)

Appendix 2g. Continued.

Small lekythos (FS 122)

(3) 0%

(1) 0%

–

(1) 0%

–

–

(5) 0%

Hydria (FS 128)

(4) 0%

–

–

(2) 0%

–

(3) 0%

(9) 0%

Large stirrup jar (FS 164)

(3) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

(1) 0%

–

(4) 0%

(4) 0%

(1) 0%

(2) 0%

–

–

(11) 0%

Small stirrup jar (FS 174, 180, 181, indeterminate)

(24) 0%

(9) 0%

–

(11) 0%

(12) 1%

(1) 0%

(57) 0%

Large lentoid flask (FS 186)

(58) 1% (1) 0%

(17) 1%

(5) 0%

(21) 0%

–

(1) 0%

(102) 1%

–

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

(1) 0%

–

–

Large lekythos (FS 123) Feeding bottle (FS 162)

Medium stirrup jar (FS 174, 181, indeterminate)

Stirrup jar: indeterminate Medium lentoid flask

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

–

–

–

–

Small lentoid flask (FS 186)

(1) 0%

Straight-sided lid (FS 334)

(8) 0%

(4) 0%

(23) 0%

(60) 2%

Rhyton?

UID: mono black UID: mono red

UID: patterned UID: linear UID: UP Totals

(30) 0% –

(884) 13%

(2984) 42% (7048)

– –

–

– -

– –

– –

– –

– –

–

0%

(1) 0%

(189) 9%

(136) 7%

(2016)

(1938)

(183) 4%

(20) 1%

(2520)

200

(35) 1%

(1247)

(5226)

(1) 0%

(126) 1%

(12) 0% (67) 6%

(1) 0%

(25) 1%

(22) 1%

(239) 12% (2270) 40%

–

(1) 0%

(3) 0%

(10) 1%

(230) 9%

–

(5) 0%

(14) 0%

(21) 0%

(437) 22%

–

(1) 0%

(1) 0%

(4) 0%

(12) 0%

–

(1) 0%

-

(3) 0%

(3) 0%

–

(541) 27%

–

(33) 1%

(265) 8%

(68) 0%

(270) 1%

(1541) 8%

(6736) 32% (19,995)

Appendix 3

Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls in the event that the proportional differences in the use of these colors proves to be significant (e.g., Mountjoy 1985:161).

Introduction While Appendix 2 provides the statistics for the occurrence and distribution of all shapes in the five contexts presented here from the main occupation phase, Appendix 3 provides the statistics for the various surface treatments used on FB kylikes, lowstemmed cups, and deep bowls (for the method used in sorting and counting, see Appendix 2. Introduction). As discussed in Chapter 5.4, the systems of decoration for these shapes have significant implications for their dating, and hence for the chronology of the Mycenaean period on the Koukounaries Hill. For the archaeological periods in question here, the use of monochrome ‘paint’ (in fact, a pigmented slip) on these vases, in proportion to those that lack monochrome surfaces, is an especially important chronological and cultural marker. In the initial sorting and counting of the sherds, monochrome black, red, and brown were separated and are recorded as such in these appendices,

From LH IIIA onwards, Mycenaean pottery was made according to standardized decorative systems and syntaxes. And though the shapes and painted motifs changed over time, within any one ceramic phase, certain systems and syntactic arrangements were adopted, both locally and regionally (for LH IIIC, see Thomatos 2006: 6-148). Thus, a sherd may be classified if it preserves only one diagnostic decorative feature within the recognized set of conventions for that particular shape. For example, since all kylikes and low-stemmed cups that have a single band on the foot also have a monochrome interior and a band on the handle(s), a foot fragment from a kylix or low-stemmed cup painted with a band could thus be classified with this type.

201

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Appendices 3a-g

–

Kylix: mono black IN/red EX

–

Kylix: mono red IN/black EX

–

Kylix: mono black IN/rim line EX (11, 31, 44)

Kylix: mono red IN/rim line EX (10, 13, 19, 29, 30) Kylix: mono black IN/patterned EX (1)

–

Kylix: UP IN/ linear EX (39)

–

Kylix: rim line IN/rim line EX (18)

–

Kylix: banded stem/base (32-34, 37)

–

Kylix: mono black stem (41)

–

Kylix: mono red stem (42)

–

Kylix: UP (4-7, 14, 21, 25, 35, 36)

–

–

–

–

Kylix: UP IN/patterned EX (17, 23, 24, 38, 46)

–

2

–

Kylix: circular banded IN/mono lower body (45)

–

–

1

Kylix: banded IN/EX (47)

1

18

–

Kylix: mono brown IN/mono lower body EX (3)

–

12

–

Kylix: mono red IN/patterned EX (22)

–

– –

Kylix: mono brown IN/rim line EX (12, 16)

2

4

18 1 1 – 1 – 1 – 1 – – –

29

12 – – – – – – – – – – –

61

13 – – 5 3 – – – – – – 2 – – 3 – –

43

Percentage based on total number of each shape

–

12

31

Total

Kylix: mono brown IN/EX (43)

4

4

Body sherds

21

–

Stems

–

Kylix: mono red IN/EX (2, 8, 9, 20, 26-28)

Bases

Rims

Kylix: mono black IN/EX (40)

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Handles

Complete/restorable profile

Appendix 3a. Storeroom 1: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls.

93

132

14%

1

0%

1

114

–

8

1

75

111

12%

–

2

0%

–

6

–

246

–

–

– – – – 1 1 1 – 1 1 1 1

– – – – 1 – – – – –

62

163 8 6

279 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 4 1 1

18% 1% 1%

30% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

200

22%

– Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/EX (70, 75)

–

–

–

–

2

–

2

0%

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/rim line EX (53, 55, 60, 62)

–

4

–

–

–

–

4

2%

–

–

3

2%

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/EX (74, 76)

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/rim line EX (48, 54, 61, 63)

Low-stemmed cup: mono brown IN/band on foot (49, 71, 72)

– 1 1

Low-stemmed cup: banded base (69)

–

Low-stemmed cup: UP (50-52, 56-59, 64-68, 73) Low-stemmed cup?: mono red IN/EX (77)

3 – –

4

97

–

1

–

Kylix or low-stemmed cup: UP (78)

–

–

– – – –

– – 2 1

–

45

–

–

–

–

2 2 –

–

– –

2

6 1

0%

3% 0%

1

40

187

93%

–

–

1

0%

1

–

1

0%

Deep bowl: mono black IN/EX (116, 122-124)

1

55

–

–

–

176

232

17%

Deep bowl: mono black IN/red EX

–

–

–

–

–

5

5

0%

Deep bowl: mono red IN/EX (115)

1

202

23

–

–

–

13

37

3%

Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls

Complete/restorable profile

Rims

Handles

Bases

Stems

Body sherds

Total

Percentage based on total number of each shape

Appendix 3a. Continued.

Deep bowl: mono black IN/patterned EX (125, 129-133, 135, 206, 207, 211-213)

–

7

–

–

–

46

53

4%

Deep bowl: mono red IN/patterned EX (117, 134, 136, 205, 208-210)

1

3

–

1

–

36

41

3%

Deep bowl: mono black IN/linear EX (118, 139-141, 144, 145)

1

55

–

–

–

95

151

11%

–

2

–

–

3

0%

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Deep bowl: mono brown IN/ patterned EX (126-128, 214-216) Deep bowl: mono red IN/linear EX

Deep bowl: mono IN shaded black to brown/linear EX (138, 142, 195) Deep bowl: mono IN shaded red to black/linear EX (137, 143) Deep bowl: mono black IN/UP EX Deep bowl: mono red IN/UP EX

– – – – –

Deep bowl: mono black IN/band on base (186, 187, 192-194)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/band on base (188, 189, 191)

–

Deep bowl: mono brown IN/band on base (190)

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/mono EX (146, 149) Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/mono EX (147)

Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/patterned EX (150) Deep bowl: mono brown IN with reserved rim line/mono EX (148)

Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/linear EX (151-153) Deep bowl: banded IN/patterned EX (119, 120, 154-171) Deep bowl: banded IN/dots on rim (172-175)

– – – – – –

Deep bowl: banded IN/patterned EX (214, 218, 219, 226, 228) Deep bowl: banded IN/UP EX (185)

Deep bowl: UP IN/patterned EX (215-217, 220, 221-225, 227)

–

Deep bowl: spiral (base) (202)

–

Deep bowl: solid (handle)

–

Deep bowl: tri blob (handle)

–

Deep bowl: multi blob (handle)

–

Deep bowl: contour band (handle)

–

203

– – 2 1 1 1 3

1

–

Deep bowl: concentric lines (base) (196, 199)

–

–

–

–

Deep bowl: circular band (base) (197, 198, 201, 203, 204)

–

81

–

Deep bowl: solid circle IN (base) (200)

–

1

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/EX

2

18

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/linear EX

85

2 –

Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/EX (121, 176-184)

3

4 – 1 – – – – – – – – – –

–

–

–

10

–

–

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

75 10 9

35

1 2 7 5 3 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8 9 3 8 – – – –

– – –

3

26 –

6

121 2

–

102

104

–

–

5

– – – – – – – – –

52 – – – – – – –

59 3 2 2 1 1 1 3

0% 9% 0% 8% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

7

27

–

65

147

13%

–

–

1

0%

– –

– 5

4 5

–

34

35

–

22

22

– – – – – – – – –

88 – – – – – – – –

88 8 9 3 8

75 10 9

35

3% 0% 0% 3% 7% 2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 6% 1% 1% 3%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Complete/restorable profile

Rims

Handles

Bases

Stems

Body sherds

Total

Percentage of per shape

Appendix 3b. Storeroom 2: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls.

Kylix: mono black IN/EX (470)

–

1

–

–

–

–

1

0%

Kylix: mono brown IN/EX (476)

–

–

–

–

1

–

1

0%

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Kylix: mono red IN/EX (459, 460)

–

Kylix: mono red IN/red and black EX (458)

–

Kylix: mono red to black IN/EX (461)

–

Kylix: mono red IN/rim line EX (462, 468)

–

Kylix: mono red IN/band on foot EX (464)

1

Kylix: mon red IN/UP EX (466)

–

Kylix: UP IN/patterned EX (471, 472)

–

Kylix: banded stem/base (473, 474)

–

Kylix: UP (465, 467, 475)

2 1 1 2 3 1 – –

– – – – – – – –

5 – – – 2 – – 2

1 – – – – – – –

– – – –

8 1 1 2

5

11

2

2

5 –

6 2

3% 0% 0% 1% 5% 3% 1% 1%

1

51

21

12

10

107

202

85%

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/rim line EX (477)

1

1

2

–

4

–

8

3%

Low-stemmed cup: UP (478, 479, 481, 482)

2

14

25

11

18

234

304

97%

Deep bowl: mono black IN/EX

–

12

–

–

–

315

327

47%

Deep bowl: mono dark brown to red IN/EX (500)

–

1

–

–

–

–

1

0%

Low-stemmed cup: banded base (480)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/EX

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN/patterned EX (501-504, 506, 509)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/patterned EX (505, 507)

–

Deep bowl: mono brown IN/ patterned EX (496, 522)

1

Deep bowl: mono black IN/linear EX

Deep bowl: mono red IN/linear EX (521)

Deep bowl: mono in shaded black to reddish brown/linear EX (508) Deep bowl: mono black IN/UP EX Deep bowl: mono red IN/UP EX

Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/rim band EX (511) Deep bowl: mono brown IN with reserved rim line/mono EX (510)

–

5 6 1 2

–

13

–

1

– – – – –

18 8 3 1 1

–

– – – – – – – – – – –

1

– – – – 4 – – – – – –

–

– – – –

–

26 – 1 1

1

31 6 2 4

–

29

46

–

–

1

–

–

18

–

24

32

–

–

1

– –

25 –

28 1

0%

4% 1% 0% 1% 7% 3% 0% 5% 4% 0% 0%

Deep bowl: mono brown IN with reserved rim line/linear EX (512, 513)

–

2

–

–

–

–

2

0%

Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/patterned EX (497, 514-520, 524, 526)

1

11

–

–

–

9

21

3%

Deep bowl: banded IN/dots on rim (498, 499)

2

–

–

–

–

–

2

0%

Deep bowl: banded IN/UP EX

–

1

–

–

–

3

0%

Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/EX

Deep bowl: UP IN/patterned EX (523, 525) Deep bowl: UP IN/linear EX

–

16

–

4

–

Deep bowl: circular band (base)

–

204

– –

– – – –

– – 2 3

–

14

30

–

45

49

–

–

3

–

2

54

56

4% 7% 8% 0%

Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls

Complete/restorable profile

Rims

Handles

Bases

Stems

Body sherds

Total

Percentage of per shape

Appendix 3b. Continued.

Deep bowl: concentric lines (base)

–

–

–

2

–

–

2

0%

Deep bowl: tri blob (handle)

–

–

1

–

–

–

1

0%

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Deep bowl: solid (handle)

–

Deep bowl: multi blob (handle)

–

Deep bowl: contour band (handle)

–

205

– – –

6 2

14

– – –

– – –

– – –

6 2

14

1% 0% 2%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Complete/restorable profile

Rims

Handles

Bases

Stems

Body sherds

Total

Percentage of total per shape

Appendix 3c. Storeroom 3: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowl.

Kylix: mono black IN/EX

–

–

–

3

–

2

5

2%

Kylix: mono black IN/rim line (625, 626, 629)

–

2

–

–

1

14

17

5%

–

1

1

Kylix: mono black IN/red EX

–

Kylix: mono red IN/rim line EX

–

Kylix: UP IN/patterned EX (635)

–

Kylix: mono red stem/base (630, 631)

–

Kylix: banded stem/base (632, 633)

–

Kylix: UP (627, 628, 632)

1 2 – – –

– 1 – – –

– – – – –

–

86

11

15

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/rim line EX

–

1

1

Deep bowl: mono black IN/EX (647)

1

7

Deep bowl: mono black IN/red EX

–

–

Low-stemmed cup: UP (636-639)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/EX (649)

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN/patterned EX (651-654, 667, 668)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/patterned EX (652, 655, 656, 669, 670)

2

3 4

– – 2 2

2

10 – –

3

13 2 2

1% 4% 0% 1% 1%

2

159

273

86%

1

–

– 1

3

10

23%

–

1

–

69

78

18%

–

–

–

9

9

2%

–

– –

6

– –

1

– –

38 3

41 7

77%

10% 2%

–

4

–

–

–

3

7

2%

Deep bowl: mono brown IN/patterned EX (650)

–

3

–

–

–

3

6

1%

Deep bowl: mono red IN/linear EX

–

2

–

–

–

11

13

3%

– –

8

40

20 51

12%

Deep bowl: mono black IN/linear EX

–

Deep bowl: mono brown IN/linear EX (648)

1

Deep bowl: mono black IN/UP EX

3 –

– –

–

–

7

10

–

1

2% 0%

12

–

1

–

–

–

–

1

0%

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/patterned EX (657)

–

1

–

–

–

–

1

0%

Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/patterned EX Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/linear EX

–

–

–

–

–

2

0%

Deep bowl: banded IN/patterned EX (659-665)

–

2

–

7

–

–

–

–

7

2%

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/banded EX (658)

Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/EX (666)

–

Deep bowl: banded IN/UP EX

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/patterned EX (671-682)

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/linear EX

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/EX (surface abraded)

–

Deep bowl: solid (handle)

–

Deep bowl: contour band (handle)

–

206

11

1 1 3 1 9 – – –

–

– – – – – – 1 3

–

–

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/UP EX

–

–

–

– 1 – – – – – –

– – –

– 2 –

1 4 3

–

26

27

–

72

74

– – –

41 – –

5%

0% 1% 1% 6%

50

14%

1

0%

3

17% 1%

Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls

Complete/restorable profile

Rims

Handles

Bases

Stems

Body sherds

Total

Percentage of deposit

Appendix 3d. East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls.

Kylix: mono black IN/EX (734)

–

1

10

3

3

67

77

9%

Kylix: mono black IN/ rim line EX

–

3

1

–

–

38

42

5%

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Kylix: mono red IN/EX (725, 730, 735)

–

Kylix: mono red IN/ rim line EX (731, 732) Kylix: mono red IN/ patterned EX (729)

–

11

–

2

–

Kylix: UP IN/patterned EX (727, 736) Kylix: UP IN/linear EX

–

Kylix: UP (726, 728, 733)

3

1 4

2 7 – – –

1 6 – – –

1 – – –

11 41 – –

14 64 1 2

2% 8% 0% 0%

–

111

115

14%

–

118

34

18

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/ EX (739)

–

–

–

–

–

1

1

1%

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/ rim line EX (738)

–

1

–

–

–

1

2

3%

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/ EX (740)

–

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/ rim line EX (737, 741)

–

Low-stemmed cup: banded base (741)

–

Low-stemmed cup: UP

1 1 –

– – –

–

25

12

Kylix or Low-stemmed cup: UP (742)

–

–

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN/ EX (759, 760, 792, 800)

–

50

Deep bowl: mono black IN/patterned EX (756, 803, 804)

–

10

Deep bowl: mono red IN/ EX (761)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/ patterned EX (763-765, 802, 805)

–

Deep bowl: mono brown IN/patterned EX (762, 766, 801)

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN/ linear (banded) EX (769)

30 15 2

1

1

100%

–

7

–

85

142

14%

–

–

–

21

33

3%

– –

Deep bowl: mono black IN/ UP EX

–

20

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/mono EX

–

1

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/linear (banded) EX (771)

1

1%

–

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/linear EX

1

6%

–

23 35

–

5

6%

82%

–

–

3

–

2

5

62%

63

– –

1

–

2

517

22

14

0%Deep bowl: mono red IN/ UP EX

2

–

341

1

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/ linear (banded) EX (757, 767, 768, 770)

2

6

– – –

– –

47 14 1

77 29 3

8% 3% 0%

–

48

62

5

–

103

132

13%

–

–

–

29

49

5%

–

–

–

–

– –

–

–

4 –

– –

6%

71

110

11%

–

1

0%

1

0%

–

4

–

–

–

–

4

0%

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/patterned EX (779)

–

1

–

–

–

–

1

0%

Deep bowl: banded IN/patterned EX (775, 782, 783, 806) Deep bowl: banded IN/ dots on rim (788-790)

–

–

–

–

1

4

0%

Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/EX (786, 787, 808)

–

3

–

51

–

–

–

42

93

9%

–

15

–

15

30

Deep bowl: linear IN/patterned EX (758, 775-778, 784)

–

Deep bowl: banded IN/ UP EX

207

5 8

– – –

– – –

– –

– 6

5

15

1% 2% 3%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Stems

–

–

–

9

–

–

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/ linear EX

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/patterned EX (773, 774, 780, 785, 807) Deep bowl: UP IN/EX (791)

Deep bowl: circular band (base) (797-799)

–

21

–

15

–

–

–

Deep bowl: concentric lines (base) (796) Deep bowl: spiral (base) (793-795)

–

Deep bowl: solid red (handle)

–

Deep bowl: solid black (handle)

–

Deep bowl: tri blob (handle)

–

Deep bowl: contour band (handle)

–

208

– –

– – –

10

–

3

–

–

19

–

3

– –

–

28 12

1 – – – –

Percentage of deposit

Bases

2

Total

Handles

–

Deep bowl: dotted rim IN/ patterned EX (772, 781)

Body sherds

Rims

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Complete/restorable profile

Appendix 3d. Continued.

–

2

0%

48

5%

–

21

42

–

9

24

– – – – – – –

39 – – –

10 1 3

–

19

–

3

– –

28 12

4% 2% 1% 0% 0% 2% 3% 0% 1%

Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls

Bases

Stems

1

2

1

1

Kylix: mono black IN/rim line EX

–

6

–

–

–

Kylix: mono red IN/EX (962)

Kylix: mono red IN/rim line EX

Kylix: mono red IN/patterned EX (963) Kylix: UP IN/ linear EX

Kylix: rim line IN/rim line EX Kylix: banded stem/base Kylix: UP

– – – – – –

8 8 1 1 1 –

3 3 – – – –

3 – – – – –

–

49

20

19

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/patterned EX (970)

–

–

–

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/rim line EX (966, 967)

–

1

–

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/rim line EX (965)

Low-stemmed cup: mono brown IN/band on foot (969) Low-stemmed cup: UP (968)

– –

2 –

– –

–

21

Deep bowl: mono black IN/EX (985)

–

12

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN/red EX

–

–

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/EX

Deep bowl: mono black IN/patterned EX (994) Deep bowl: mono red IN/patterned EX (986)

Deep bowl: mono black IN/linear (banded) EX (987) Deep bowl: mono red IN/linear EX Deep bowl: mono black IN/UP EX Deep bowl: mono red IN/UP EX

Deep bowl: banded IN/patterned EX (983, 988-992, 997) Deep bowl: banded IN/dots on rim

Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/EX (999) Deep bowl: banded IN/UP EX

Deep bowl: UP IN/patterned EX (995, 996, 998) Deep bowl: UP IN/linear EX Deep bowl: UP IN/EX

Deep bowl: spiral (base)

Deep bowl: solid (handle)

Deep bowl: tri blob (handle)

Deep bowl: contour band (handle)

– – –

3 1 1

–

12

–

4

– –

10 7

1

15

–

19

–

–

– 2 – – – – – –

209

3 – 3 7 – – – –

3

– – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 5 2 2

Percentage of deposit

Handles

–

Total

Rims

Kylix: mono black IN/EX (964)

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Body sherds

Complete/restorable profile

Appendix 3e. East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls.

–

5

1%

34

8%

1

25

40

–

52

63

14%

6

1%

– – – 2

28 – 5 – –

1 1 2

9%

0% 0% 0%

6

195

263

66%

–

1

–

1

2%

2

–

1

4

7%

– – 4

– –

– 1

2 1

3% 2%

2

20

50

86%

5

–

12

29

10%

–

–

1

1

0%

2 – – 2 4 1 – – – 6 – – – 1 1 – – –

– – –

9 5 5

14 6 6

5% 2% 2%

–

28

43

15%

–

4

9

3%

– –

21

35

9

16

–

3

–

13

–

12% 6%

29

10%

21

44

16%

–

12

12

4%

–

2

10

– – – – – – –

– 9 – – – –

2

12 1 5 2 2

1% 1% 4% 4% 0% 2% 1% 1%

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Bases

Stems

1

3

–

1

Kylix: mono black IN/rim line EX

–

3

–

–

–

18

–

10

Kylix: mono red IN/EX

–

Kylix: mono red IN/rim line EX (1077, 1078)

–

Kylix: UP IN/ linear EX

–

Kylix: rim line IN/rim line EX

–

Kylix: banded stem/base

–

Kylix: UP (1079, 1080)

1 2 – – –

6 – 1 1 –

–

124

24

Low-stemmed cup: UP

–

14

Deep bowl: mono black IN/EX

–

Deep bowl: mono red to brown IN/EX (1087)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/EX

–

– – – – –

1 – – 2

Percentage of deposit

Handles

–

Total

Rims

Kylix: mono black IN/EX

Body sherds

Shape: surface treatment (cataloged examples)

Complete/restorable profile

Appendix 3f. Shrine: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls.

4

9

2%

21

4%

9

17

15

17

4 –

11 5 2

3% 3% 2% 1% 0%

9

10

255

422

84%

1

5

–

7

27

100%

14

–

–

–

56

70

14%

1

–

–

–

–

1

0%

9

–

–

–

–

9

2%

Deep bowl Deep: mono dark gray IN/patterned EX (10881090, 1104)

–

3

–

–

–

1

4

1%

Deep bowl: mono grayish red IN/patterned EX (1086, 1103)

1

5

–

–

–

10

16

3%

Deep bowl: mono reddish brown IN/patterned EX (1094, 1106-1107)

–

1

–

–

–

2

3

1%

Deep bowl: mono black IN/linear EX

–

7

–

1

–

23

31

6%

Deep bowl: mono black IN/UP EX (1099)

–

–

–

1

–

–

1

Deep bowl: mono red IN/ patterned EX (1091, 1093, 1105)

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN/linear EX (1092) Deep bowl: mono red IN/UP EX (1100, 1101)

Deep bowl: banded IN/patterned EX (1095, 1096, 1109)

–

20

–

26

–

2

–

Deep bowl: banded IN/dots on rim (1098) Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/EX Deep bowl: banded IN/UP EX Deep bowl: UP IN/linear EX

38

–

1

–

Deep bowl: UP IN/EX

–

Deep bowl: line and solid circle (base) (1102)

–

Deep bowl: solid (handle)

–

Deep bowl: tri blob (handle)

–

Deep bowl: contour band (handle)

–

210

4

– –

Deep bowl: UP IN/patterned EX (1097, 1108)

2

10 4 4 –

–

– – – – – – – – – –

–

13

–

15

–

6

–

8 2 – – 5 3 – – 2 1 – – –

–

–

4

53

6

1%

81

16% 0%

–

65

93

19%

–

–

2

0%

–

8

12

2%

–

25

68

14%

–

12

13

3%

– – – – – – –

14 15 – –

27 19 6 1

–

13

–

15

–

6

5% 4% 1% 0% 3% 1% 3%

Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls

E–W Corridor, upper deposit: total sherd count

1

5

77

Kylix: mono brown IN/EX

1

1

–

–

Kylix: mono red IN/EX

163

Kylix: mono black IN/red EX

8

Kylix: mono red IN/black EX

6

Kylix: mono red IN/red and black EX

–

Kylix: mono red to black IN/EX

–

Kylix: mono black IN/rim line EX

111

Kylix: mono red IN/rim line EX Kylix: mono red IN/UP EX

Kylix: mono black IN/patterned EX

–

– – –

– –

–

4

Kylix: UP

(1) 0%

–

2

1

Kylix: banded stem/base

–

–

–

1

Kylix: mono red stem

(11) 0%

–

1

Kylix: mono black stem

–

–

1

Kylix: rim line IN/rim line EX

–

–

5

Kylix: UP IN/ linear EX

–

–

11

1

Kylix: UP IN/patterned EX

–

17

–

1

Kylix: circular banded IN/mono lower body

–

(2) 0%

42

21

1

Kylix: banded IN/EX

1

–

–

14

34

1

Kylix: mono brown IN/mono lower body EX

1

(229) 7%

42

1

Kylix: mono red IN/patterned EX

–

3

9

17

–

Kylix: mono brown IN/rim line EX

–

–

5

–

279

Kylix: mono red IN/band on foot EX

8

All contexts: sherd count and % of total per shape

Storeroom 3: total sherd count

132

Shrine: total sherd count

Storeroom 2: total sherd count

Kylix: mono black IN/EX

Shape: surface treatment

E–W Corridor, lower deposit: total sherd count

Storeroom 1: total sherd count

Appendix 3g. Comparison of surface treatments for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls from all contexts.

200

2 6 – – – – – 2 – – – – 2

– – – 1 – – – 1

64 – – – 1 – – – 2

–

115

–

–

– 2 2

– –

– – 1 – – – –

(225) 7%

17

(448) 14%

–

(6) 0%

– – – – – – –

(11) 0% (2) 0% (1) 0% (3) 0% (1) 0% (1) 0% (1) 0%

(10) 0%

6

11

(133) 4%

–

–

(1) 0%

1 – 2

– 2

(7) 0% (3) 0%

(12) 0%

832

441

504

422

(1867) 58%

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/EX

–

–

–

1

–

–

(1) 0%

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/patterned EX

–

–

–

–

1

–

(1) 0%

Low-stemmed cup: mono black IN/rim line EX

5

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/rim line EX

5

Low-stemmed cup: mono brown IN/band on foot

4

Low-stemmed cup: banded base

1

Low-stemmed cup: UP

187

Low-stemmed cup: total Kylix or Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/EX

211

– 8 – – 1

304

– 3 – – –

10

5 2 5 – 1

62

263

5

316

–

517

–

(1) 0%

237

Low-stemmed cup: mono red IN/EX

273

–

63

(6) 0%

920

Kylix: total

202

13

(244) 8%

– 2 4 1 –

50

–

3250

(5) 1%

–

(20) 3%

–

(5) 1%

– –

(14) 2% (3) 0%

27

(639) 93%

(1) 33%

202

313

13

76

58

27

1

–

–

–

–

–

689

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Deep bowl: mono black IN/EX Deep bowl: mono red IN/EX

E–W Corridor, upper deposit: total sherd count

E–W Corridor, lower deposit: total sherd count

Shrine: total sherd count

All contexts: sherd count and % of total per shape

Angular kylix or low-stemmed cup: total

Storeroom 3: total sherd count

Kylix or Low-stemmed cup: UP

Storeroom 2: total sherd count

Shape: surface treatment

Storeroom 1: total sherd count

Appendix 3g. Continued.

1

–

–

1

–

–

(2) 67%

Deep bowl: mono dark brown to red IN/EX

–

1

232

327

63

143

29

70

(864) 21%

5

–

9

–

1

–

(15) 0%

–

Deep bowl: mono black IN/patterned EX

53

Deep bowl: mono brown IN/ patterned EX

6

Deep bowl: mono red IN/patterned EX

41

Deep bowl: mono black IN/linear EX Deep bowl: mono red IN/linear EX

Deep bowl: mono IN shaded red to black/linear EX Deep bowl: mono red IN/UP EX

Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/mono EX

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/patterned EX Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/patterned EX Deep bowl: mono brown IN with reserved rim line/mono EX Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/linear EX

4

1

– 1 1

– – 1 – 1 2

32

21

Deep bowl: linear (banded) IN/EX

157

30

–

–

4 1

Deep bowl: dotted rim IN/patterned EX

2 3

6

1

(22)1%

–

–

–

49

– 9

–

(3) 0%

(225) 5%

–

(3) 0%

93

–

1

–

–

2 – – 1 – 7

1 – – 4 1 –

– – – – – –

(7) 0%

1

16

1

(348) 8%

(403) 10%

110

–

(107) 3%

81

51

1

(1) 0%

3

31

35

(199) 5%

(109) 3%

43

–

3

4

62

–

–

–

–

9

22

–

–

14

6

132

2 1

29

13

20

Deep bowl: banded IN/patterned EX

Deep bowl: banded IN/UP EX

3

32

–

Deep bowl: banded IN/dots on rim

6

114

28

–

33

7

1

18

77

7

1

3

Deep bowl: mono brown IN with reserved rim line/linear EX

2

5

–

Deep bowl: mono red IN with reserved rim line/linear EX

6

–

10

59

Deep bowl: mono black IN with reserved rim line/mono EX

1

31

46

2

Deep bowl: mono black IN/UP EX

31

156 124

Deep bowl: mono IN shaded black to brown/linear EX

–

–

37

Deep bowl: mono black IN/red EX

–

2

– – – – – –

(357) 9% (2) 0% (2) 0% (3) 0% (2) 0% (4) 0% (6) 0% (3) 0%

4

29

12

(105) 3%

50

93

46

68

(444) 10%

–

2

–

–

(2) 0%

– 3

5

30

3 2

2

27

(16) 0% (66) 2%

Deep bowl: UP IN/patterned EX

35

49

27

42

12

13

(178) 4%

Deep bowl: UP IN/EX

12

–

72

24

10

6

(124) 3%

Deep bowl: UP IN/linear EX

88

Deep bowl: solid circle IN (base)

8

Deep bowl: circular band (base)

9

Deep bowl: concentric lines (base)

3

Deep bowl: spiral (base)

8

Deep bowl: solid (handle)

65

212

56 – 3 2 – 6

50 –

48 –

–

10

–

3

– 1

1

47

12 – – – 1 5

19 –

(273) 7% (8) 0%

1

(23) 1%

–

(12) 0%

– 13

(6) 0%

(137) 3%

Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls

Shape: surface treatment

Storeroom 1: total sherd count

Storeroom 2: total sherd count

Storeroom 3: total sherd count

E–W Corridor, upper deposit: total sherd count

E–W Corridor, lower deposit: total sherd count

Shrine: total sherd count

All contexts: sherd count and % of total per shape

Appendix 3g. Continued.

Deep bowl: tri blob (handle)

10

1

–

3

2

6

(22) 1%

Deep bowl: contour band (handle)

35

14

3

12

2

15

(81) 2%

Deep bowl: multi blob (handle)

9

Deep bowl: total

1327

213

2

694

– 427

–

983

– 281

–

497

(11) 0% 4209

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Concordance of Catalog numbers and Paros Archaeological Museum registration numbers Catalog number

PM (Paros Museum) registration number

Catalog number

PM (Paros Museum) registration number

446 2266 448 2035 449 2118 456 2225 465 2085 477 2140 478 2165 479 2161 483 2143 485 2166 497 2139 498 2138 501 2160 515 2137 527 2141 537 2142 539 2239 540 2171 554 2162 563 2260 574 2164 587 2083 589 2163 592 2128 596 2168 597 2169 599 2167 600 2172 621 2087 724 2221 970 2240 983 2261 991 2262 1169 2088 1170 2223 1171 2222

4 2026 19 2114 23 2113 25 2115 29 2116b 34 2116a 48 2034 50 2248 54 2246 80 2245 81 2244 89 2033 92 2224 93 2253 115 2029 117 2122 119 2119 120 2111, 2112 121 2247 137 2259 239 2107 240 2108 252 2258 254 2032 256 2027 301 2257 342 2249 344 2109 345 2256 357 2110 358 2264 359 2263 391 2265 395 2120 412 3213 421 2028 428 2121

214

Bibliography

Amiran, R. 1970. Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land from its Beginnings in the Neolithic Period to the End of the Iron Age. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press. Barber, R.L.N. 1987. The Cyclades in the Bronze Age. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Barber, R.L.N. 2010. Cyclades, in E.H. Cline (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean: 160-170. New York: Oxford University Press. Betancourt, P.P. 1985. The History of Minoan Pottery. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press. Betancourt, P.P. 1990. Kommos II. The Final Neolithic through Middle Minoan III Pottery. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press. Blegen, C.W. 1928. Zygouries. A Prehistoric Settlement in the Valley of Cleonae. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Blegen, C.W. 1937. Prosymna. The Late Helladic Settlement Preceding the Argive Heraeum. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Blegen, C.W. and M. Rawson 1966. The Palace of Nestor at Pylos in Western Messenia. Volume I. The Buildings and their Contents. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press. Blegen, C.W., M. Rawson, Lord W. Taylour, and W.P. Donovan 1973. The Palace of Nestor at Pylos in Western Messenia. Volume III. Acropolis and lower town, tholoi, grave circle, and chamber tombs. Discoveries outside the citadel. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press. Broneer, O. 1933. Excavations on the North Slope of the Acropolis in Athens, 1931-1932. Hesperia 2: 329417. Broneer, O. 1939. A Mycenaean Fountain on the Athenian Acropolis. Hesperia 8: 317-433. Borgna, E., I. Caloi, F.M. Carinci and R. Lafineur (eds) 2019. ΜΝΗΜΗ/ΜΝΕΜΕ: Past and Memory in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 7th International Aegean Conference, University of Udine, Depatment of Humanities and Cultural Heritage, Ca’ Foscari University od Venice, Department of Humanities, 17–21 April 2018 (Aegaeum 43). Leuven and Liège: Peeters. Catling, H.W. 2009. Sparta: Menelaion I. The Bronze Age (Supplementary volume 45). Shelbourne (UK): The British School at Athens. Coldstream, J.N. and G.L. Huxley (eds) 1972. Kythera. Excavations and Studies Conducted by the University Museum of Pennsylvania and the British School at Athens. London: Faber and Faber Limited. Crouwel, J. 2006. Chapter 3. Late Mycenaean pictorial pottery, in D. Evely (ed.) Lefkandi IV. The Bronze Age: The Late Helladic IIIC Settlement at Xeropolis (Supplementary volume 39): 233-255. Oxford and Northampton: The British School at Athens.

Crouwel, J. 2007. Pictorial Pottery of LH IIIC Middle and its Antecedents, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II: LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 73-88. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. D’Agata, A.L. 2003. Late Minoan IIIC-Subminoan pottery sequence at Thronos/Kephala and its connections with the Greek mainland, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001: 23-35. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Dakoronia, F. 2003. The Transition from Late Helladic IIIC to the Early Iron Age at Kynos, in S. DegerJalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001: 37-51. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Darcque, P. 2005. L’ habitat mycénien. Formes et fonctions de l’espace bâti en Grèce continentale à la fin du IIe millénaire avant J.-C. Athens: École française d’Athènes. Dawkins, R.M. and J.P. Droop 1910-1911. The Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos. The Annual of the British School at Athens 17: 1-22. Deger-Jalkotzy, S. 2003. Stratified Pottery Deposits from the Late Helladic IIIC Settlement at Aigeira/ Achaia, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001: 53-75. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Deger-Jalkotzy, S. 2007. Defining LH IIIC Middle at the Cemetery of Elateia-Alonaki in Central Greece, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II: LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 129-159. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Desborough, V.d’A. 1964. The Last Mycenaeans and their Successors: An Archaeological Survey c. 1200-c.1000 B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Deshayes, J. 1966. Argos: Les Fouilles de la Deiras (Études Péloponnésiennes 4). Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin.

215

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Empereur, J.-Y. and M. Picon 1986. Des ateliers d’amphores à Paros et à Naxos. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 110 : 495-511. Ervin Caskey, M. 1984. The temple at Ayia Irini, Kea  : evidence for the LH IIIC phases, in J.A. MacGillivray and R.L.N. Barber (eds) The Prehistoric Cyclades: Contributions to a workshop on Cycladic Chronology: 241-254. Edinburgh: Department of Classical Archaeology. Forsdyke, E.J. 1925. Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum. Vol. 1. Part 1. Prehistoric Aegean Pottery. London: British Museum. French, E. 1969. ‘The First Phase of LH IIIC,’ Archäologische Anzeiger 84: 133-136. French, E. 1985. Chapter 6. The Figures and Figurines, in C. Renfew, The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi (Supplementary volume 18): 209-280. London: The British School of Archaeology at Athens and Thames and Hudson. French, E. 2007. Late Helladic III C Middle at Mycenae, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II: LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 175-187. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. French, E. 2011. Well Built Mycenae. Fascicule 16/17. The Post-Palatial Levels. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books. Frödin, O. and A. Persson 1938. Asine: Results of the Swedish Excavations 1922-30. Stockholm: Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag. Furumark, A. 1941a. The Mycenaean Pottery: Analysis and Classification. Stockholm: Svenska Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen, 4˚, XX:1. Furumark, A. 1941b. The Chronology of Mycenaean Pottery. Stockholm: Svenska Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen, 4˚, XX:2. Furumark, A. 1944. The Mycenaean IIIC pottery and its relation to Cypriot wares. Opuscula Atheniensia 3: 194-265. Goldman, H. 1931. Excavations at Eutresis in Boeotia. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Grossman, P. and J. Schäfer 1971. Tiryns: Unterburg, Grabungen 1965, in U. Jantzen (ed.) Tiryns Forschungen und Berichte V: 41-75. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Guggisberg, M.A. 1996. Frühgriechische Tierkeramik. Zur Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Tiergefäße und der hohlen Tierfiguren in der späten Bronze- und frühen Eisenzeit (ca. 1600-700 v. Chr.). Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. Haskell, H.W. 1985. The Origin of the Aegean Stirrup Jar and its Earliest Evolution And Distribution (MB IIILB I). American Journal of Arhaeology 89: 221-229. Hiesel, G. 1990. Späthelladische Hausarchitektur: Studien zur Architekturgeschichte der griechischen Festlandes in

der späten Bronzezeit. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern. Higgins, M.D. and R. Higgins 1996. A Geological Companion to Greece and the Aegean. Ithaka (NY): Cornell Univerisity Press. Hood, S. 1982. Excavations in Chios 1938-1955. Perhistoric Emporio and Ayio Gala II (Supplementary volume 16). Oxford: The British School of Archaeology at Athens and Thames and Hudson. Iakovidis, S.E. 1969. Περατί, το Νεκροταφείον (Βιβλιοθήκι της εν Αθηναις Αρχαιολογικης ‘Εταιρείας 67). Αthens: Η εν Αθηναις Αρχαιολογικης ‘Εταιρείας. Iakovidis, S.E.1983. Late Helladic Citadels on Mainland Greece (Monumenta Graeca et Romana IV). Leiden: E.J. Brill. Iakovidis, S.E. 2003. Late Helladic IIIC at Perati, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001: 125-130. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Immerwahr, S.A. 1971. The Athenian Agora Volume XIII. The Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Jones, R.E. 1986. Greek and Cypriot Pottery: a review of scientific studies (Fitch Laboratory occasional paper 1). Athens: British School at Athens. Jones, R.E., S.T. Levi, M. Bettelli, and L. Vagnetti 2014. Italo-Mycenaean Pottery: The Archaeological and Archaeometric Dimensions (Incunabula Graeca vol. 103). Rome: CNR - Instituto Studi sul Mediterraneo Antico. Jung, R. and B. Weninger 2004. Kastanas and the Chronology of the Aegean Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, in T. Higham, C. Bronk Ramsey, and C. Owen (eds) Radiocarbon and Archaeology. Fourth International Symposium, St Catherine’s College, Oxford, 9-14th April, 2002 (Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph 62): 209-228. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology. Kanta, A. 1980. The Late Minoan III Period in Crete. A Survey of Sites, Pottery, and their Distribution (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 58). Göteborg: Paul Åströms Förlag. Kanta, A. 2003. The First Half of the Late Minoan IIICCorrelations among Cretan sites with Reference to Mainland and Cypriote Developments, in M. Bietak (ed.) Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean. The Synchronisms of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. II: 513-538. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Karageorghis, V. and M. Demas 1988. Excavations at Maa-Palaiokastro 1979-1986. Nicosia: Department of Antiquities, Cyprus. Kardamaki, E. 2009. Ein neuer Keramikfund aus dem Bereich der Westtreppe von Tiryns. Bemalte mykenische Keramik aus dem auf der 216

Bibliography

Westtreppenanlage deponierten Palastschutt. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Ruprecht-KarlsUniversität, Heidelberg. Kardamaki, E.ww 2015. Conclusions from the New Deposit at the Western Staircase Terrace at Tiryns, in A.-L. Schallin and I. Tournavitou (eds) Mycenaeans Up to Date: The Archaeology of the North-eastern Peloponnese – Current Concepts and New Directions: 79-97. Stockholm: Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet I Athen, 4˚, 56. Kardara, Ch. 1977. Απλόματα Νάξου. Κίνητα Ευρήματα τάφων Α και Β (Βιβλιοθήκι της εν Αθηναις Αρχαιολογικής ‘Εταιρείας 88). Αthens: Η εν Αθηναις Αρχαιολογικηής ‘Εταιρείας. Katsarou, S. and D.U. Schilardi 2004. Emerging Neolithic and Early Cycladic settlements in Paros: Koukounaries and Sklavouna. The Annual of the British School at Athens 99: 23-48. Kaza-Papageorgiou, K. and E. Kardamaki 2012. Κοντοπήγαδο Άλλίμου. Ό οικισμός των ΥΕ χρόνων. Αρχαιολογική Εφεμερίς: 141-199. Kaza-Papageorgiou, K. and E. Kardamaki 2014. Κοντοπήγαδο Άλλίμου.YΕ οικιστικό συγκρότημα Ι: νοτιοδυτικός τομέας. Αρχαιολογική Εφεμερίς: 51-139. Keramopoulos, A. 1917. Θηβαϊκα. Αρχαιολογικον Δελτιον 3: 1-503. Kilian, K. 1981. Zeugnisse mykenischer Kultausübung in Tiryns, in R. Hägg and M. Marinatos (eds), Sanctuaries and Cults in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the First International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 12-13 May, 1980 (Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet I Athen, 4˚, 28): 49-58. Stockholm: Paul Åströms Förlag. Koehl, R.B. 1984. Observations on a deposit of LC IIIC pottery from the Koukounaries acropolis on Paros, in J.A. MacGillivray and R.L.N. Barber (eds) The Prehistoric Cyclades: Contributions to a workshop on Cycladic Chronology: 207-224. Edinburgh: Department of Classical Archaeology. Koehl, R.B. 1986. Another Look at the ‘Mycenaean BaseRing Ware’ Jug from the Athenian Agora. Opuscula Atheniensia 46: 125-126. Koehl, R.B. 2006. Aegean Bronze Age Rhyta (Prehistory Monographs 19). Philadelphia (PA): INSTAP Academic Press. Koehl, R.B. 2010. Chapter 5. Mycenaean Pottery, in K.A. Yener (ed.) Tel Atchana, Ancient Alalakh, Volume I. The 2003-2004 Excavations Seasons: 81-84. Istanbul: Koç University Press. Koehl, R.B. 2018a. Chapter 22. Back to the Future: Memory, Nostalgia and Identity in the 12th century B.C.E. on Paros, in E. Simpson (ed.) The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella: 423-443. Leiden, Boston: Brill. Koehl, R.B. 2018b. Chapter 1. From the Near East to the Aegean, from Neolithic Times to the End of the Bronze Age, in S. Ebbinghaus (ed.) Animal-shaped Vessels from the Ancient World: Feasting with Gods,

Heroes, and Kings: 45-84. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Koehl, R.B. and J. Yellin 2007. What Aegean ‘Simple Style’ Pottery Reveals about Interconnections in the 13th-Century B.C.E. Eastern Mediterranean, in P.P. Betancourt, M.C. Nelson, and H. Williams (eds) Krinoi kai Limenes. Studies in Honor of Joseph and Maria Shaw: 199-207. Philadelphia (PA): INSTAP Academic Press. Kotsonas, A. 2011. Foreign Identity and Ceramic Production in Early Iron Age Crete, in G. Rizza (ed.) Identità culturale, etnicità, processi di transformazione a Creta fra Dark Age e Arcaismo. Per I cento anni dello scavi di Priniàs 1906-2006. Convengo di Studi (Atene 9-12 novembre 2006): 133-155. Catania: Università di Catania. Leonard, A., Jr. 1994. An Index of the Late Bronze Age Aegean Pottery from Syria-Palestine (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 114). Jonsered: Paul Åströms Förlag. Loader, N.C. 1998. Building in Cyclopean Masonry with Special Reference to the Mycenaean Fortifications on Mainland Greece (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology and Literature Pocket-book 148). Jonsered: Paul Åströms Förlag. Lis, B. 2016. A Foreign Potter in the Pylian Kingdom? A Reanalysis of the Ceramic Assemblage of Room 60 in the Palace of Nestor at Pylos. Hesperia 85: 491-536. Lis, B. 2018. Potters in Captivity? An Alternative Explanation for the Italo-Mycenaean Pottery of the 13th century BCE, in J. Driessen (ed.) An Archaeology of Forced Migration. Crisis-induced mobility and the Collapse of the 13th c. BCE Eastern Mediterranean (Aegis 15): 261-271. Louvain: PUL Presses Universitaires. Lis, B. and T. Van Damme 2020. From Texts and Iconography to Use-Wear Analysis of Ceramic Vessels: Investigating a Mycenaean Handwashing Custom and Its Changing Social Significance. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 33.2: 185-210. Manning, S.W. 2006-07. Why Radiocarbon Dating 1200 BCE Is Difficult: A Sidelight on Dating the End of the Late Bronze Age and the Contrarian Contribution. Scripta Mediterranea 27-28: 53-80. Manning, S.W., C. Kearns, and B. Lorentzen 2017. Dating the End of the Late Bronze Age with Radiocarbon: Some Observations, Concerns, and Revisiting the Dating of Late Cypriot IIC to IIIA,’ in P.M. Fischer and T. Bürge (eds) ‘Sea Peoples’ Up-to-Date: New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th11th Centuries BCE: 95-110. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Maran, J. 2011. Contested Pasts-The Society of the 12th c. B.C.E. Argolid and the Memory of the Mycenaean Palatial Period, in W. Gauß, M. Lindblom, R.A.K. Smith, and J.C. Wright (eds) Our Cups are Full: Pottery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Papers Presented to Jeremy B. Rutter on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday: 169-178. Oxford: Archaeopress. 217

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Marthari, M. 1988. Krater, in K. Demakopoulou (ed.) The Mycenaean World. Five Centuries of Early Greek Culture 1600-1100 BC: 156-157. Athens: Greek Ministry of Culture, The National Hellenic Committee, ICOM. Mee, C. 1982. Rhodes in the Bronze Age. An Archaeological Survey. Warminster: Aris and Phillips. Mee, C. 1982. 2008. Mycenaean Greece, the Aegean and Beyond, in C.W. Shelmerdine (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age: 362-386. New York: Cambridge University Press. Morricone, L. 1967. Eleona e Langada: Sepolcreti della tarda età del Bronzo a Coo. Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente. 43-44 (1965-1966): 5-311. Morricone, L. 1975. Coo-Scavi e scoperte nel ‘Serraglio’ e in località minori (1935-1943). Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente. 50-51 (1972-1973): 139-396. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1983. Orchomenos V. Mycenaean Pottery from Orchomenos, Eutresis, and other Boeotian Sites. Munich: Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenshaften. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1984. The Mycenaean IIIC pottery from Phylakopi, in J.A. MacGillivray and R.L.N. Barber (eds) The Prehistoric Cyclades: Contributions to a workshop on Cycladic Chronology: 225-240. Edinburgh: Department of Classical Archaeology. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1985. Chapter V. The Pottery, in C. Renfrew The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi (Supplementary volume 18): 151-208. London: The British School of Archaeology at Athens and Thames and Hudson. Mountjoy, P.-A.1986. Mycenaean Decorated Pottery: A Guide to Identification (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 73). Göteborg: Paul Åströms Forlag. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1993. Mycenaean Pottery: An Introduction (Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph no. 36). Exeter: Oxbow Books. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1995a. Thorikos Mine no. 3: the Mycenaean pottery. The Annual of the British School at Athens 90: 195-227. Mountjoy, P.-A.1995b. Mycenaean Pottery from South Rhodes. A regional style. Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 1: 21-35. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1999a. Regional Mycenaean Decorated Pottery volumes 1 and 2. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. Rahden/Westf.: Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH. Mountjoy, P.-A. 1999b. Late Minoan IIIC/Late Helladic IIIC: Chronology and Terminology, in P.P. Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier (eds) MELETEMATA: Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. Wiener as He Enters His 65th Year (Aegaeum 20): 511-516. Liège and Austin: University of Liège and University of Austin. Mountjoy, P.-A. 2007a. A Definition of LH III C Middle, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II: LH III C Middle.

Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 221-242. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mountjoy, P.-A. 2007b. The Mycenaean and Late Minoan I-II Pottery, in C. Renfrew (ed.) Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos 1974-77 (Supplementary volume 42): 307370. London: The British School of Archaeology at Athens. Mountjoy, P.-A. 2008. The Cyclades during the Mycenaean period, in N. Brodie, J. Doole, G. Gavalas and C. Renfrew (eds) Horizon: A colloquium on the prehistory of the Cyclades: 467-477. Cambridge: McDonald Institute of Archaeology. Mountjoy, P.-A. 2009. LH IIIC Late: An East MainlandAegean Koine, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and A.E. Bächle (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms III. LH IIIC Late and the Transition to the Early Iron Age. Proceedings of the International Workshop Held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, February 23rd and 24th, 2007: 289-312. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mountjoy, P.-A. 2010. A Note on the Mixed Origins of Some Philistine Pottery. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 359: 1-12. Mountjoy, P.-A. 2015. The north-east Peloponnese and the Near East: Ceramic evidence for contacts in LH III, in A.-L. Schallin and I. Tournavitou (eds) Mycenaeans up to date. The archaeology of the north-eastern Peloponnese – current concepts and new directions: 533-554. Stockholm: Svenska Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen, 4˚, 56. Mountjoy, P.-A. 2018. Decorated Pottery in Cyprus and Philistia in the 12th Century BC: Cypriot IIIC and Philistine IIIC (Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean 36). Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Muhly, J.D. 2005. Travelling Craftsmen: Love ‘Em or Leave ‘Em, in R. Laffineur and E. Greco (eds) Emporia. Aegeans in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. Proceedings of the 10th International Aegean Conference, Athens, Italian School of Archaeology, 14-18 April 2004 (Aegaeum 25): 685-690. Liège and Austin: University of Liège and University of Austin. Munsell Soil Color Charts 1975. Baltimore, Maryland: Munsell Color. Murray, S.C. 2017. The Collapse of the Mycenaean Economy: Imports, Trade, and Institutions 1300-700 BCE. New York: Cambridge University Press. Murray, S.C. 2018. Imported Objects as Proxy Data for Change in Greek Trade after the Mycenaean Collapse: A Multi-variate Quantitative Analysis, in P. Pavúk, V. Klonta-Jaklová, and A. Harding (eds). Ευδαιμων. Studies in Honour of Jan Bouzek (Opera Facultatis philosophicae Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis 18): 71-91. Prague: Charles University and Masaryk University. 218

Bibliography

Overbeck, J.C. 1989. The Bronze Age Pottery from the Kastro at Paros (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology Pocket-book 78). Jonsered: Paul Åströms förlag. Pantou, P.A. 2011. Mycenaean Society Outside the Palaces: A Study of Late Helladic IIB-IIIB1 ‘Corridor Buildings.’ Unpublished PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo. Papadopoulos, Th.I. and L. Kontorli-Papadopoulou 2014. Vravron. The Mycenaean Cemetery (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 142). Uppsala: Åströms Förlag. Parlama, L. 1984. Η Σκύρος στην Εποχή του Χαλκόυ. Athens: University of Ioannina, School of Philosophy dissertation publication series. Paschalidis, C. 2018. The Mycenaean Cemetery at Achaia Clauss near Patras. People, material remains and culture in context. Oxford: Archaeopress. Petropoulos, M. 2007. A Mycenaean Cemetery at Nikoleika near Aigion of Achaia, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II: LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 253-285. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Podzuweit, C. 1978. Ausgrabungen in Tiryns, 1976. Bericht zur spätmykenischen Keramik. Archäoligischer Anzeiger 93: 471-498. Podzuweit, C. 1979. Ausgrabungen in Tiryns, 1977. Bericht zur spätmykenischen Keramik. Archäoligischer Anzeiger 94: 412-439. Podzuweit, C. 1981. Ausgrabungen in Tiryns, 1978, 1979. Bericht zur spätmykenischen Keramik. Archäoligischer Anzeiger 96: 194-220. Podzuweit, C. 2007. Tiryns Forschungen und Berichte 14 Studien zur spätmykenischen Keramik. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. Popham, M., E. Schofield, and S. Sherratt 2006. Chapter 2. The Pottery, in D. Evely (ed.) Lefkandi IV. The Bronze Age: The Late Helladic IIIC Settlement at Xeropolis (Supplementary volume 39): 137-231. Oxford and Northampton: The British School at Athens. Renfrew, C. 1985. The Archaeology of Cult: The Sanctuary at Phylakopi (Supplementary volume 18). London: The British School of Archaeology at Athens and Thames and Hudson. Rubensohn, O. 1917. Die prähistorischen und frügeschichtlichen Funde auf dem Burghügel von Paros. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 17: 1-96. Rutter, J.B. 1977. Late Helladic IIIC Pottery and some Historical Implications, in E.N. Davis (ed.) Symposium on the Dark Ages in Greece: 1-20. New York: The Archaeological Institute of America and Hunter College, City University of New York. Rutter, J.B. 1979. The Last Mycenaeans at Corinth. Hesperia 48: 348-392. Rutter, J.B. 1992. Cultural Vitality in the Post-Palatial Aegean World: Indices of Vitality or Decline?, in W.A.

Ward and M.S. Joukowsky (eds) The Crisis Years: The 12th Century B.C.: From Beyond the Danube to the Tigris: 61-78. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Rutter, J.B. 2003. The Nature and Potential Significance of Minoan Features in the earliest Late Helladic IIIC Ceramic Assemblages of the Central and Southern Greek Mainland, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, May 7th and 8th, 2001: 193-216. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Rutter, J.B. 2007. How Different is LH III C Middle at Mitrou? An Initial Comparison with Kalapodi, Kynos, and Lefkandi, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II. LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 287-300. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Schachermeyr, F. 1980. Die Ägäische Frühzeit. 4. Griechenland im Zeitalter der Wanderungen vom Ende der Mykenischen Ära bis auf die Dorier Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Schallin, A.-L. 1993. Islands Under Influence (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 111). Jonsered: Paul Åströms Verlag. Schilardi, D.U. 1974. Έρευναι εν Πάρο. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκιγης ‘Εταιρείας: 181-188. Schilardi, D.U. 1975a. Αρχαιολογικαί Έρευναι εν Πάρο. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκιγης ‘Εταιρείας: 197-211. Schilardi, D.U.1975b. Paros, report II: The 1973 campaign. Journal of Field Archaeology 2: 83-96. Schilardi, D.U. 1976. Ανασκαφαί Πάρου. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκιγης ‘Εταιρείας: 288-294. Schilardi, D.U. 1977. Ανασκαφές στην Πάρο. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκιγης ‘Εταιρείας: 363-377. Schilardi, D.U. 1978. Ανασκαφή στην Πάρο. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκηγης ‘Εταιρείας: 195-210. Schilardi, D.U. 1979. Ανασκαφαί Πάρου. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκιγης ‘Εταιρείας: 236-248. Schilardi, D.U. 1980. Ανασκαφικές και επιφανειακές έρευνες στην Πάρο. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκιγης ‘Εταιρείας: 263–286. Schilardi, D.U. 1981. Ανασκαφή στην Πάρο. Πρακτικά της Αρχαιολοκιγης ‘Εταιρείας: 269-292. Schilardi, D.U. 1984. The LH IIIC Period at the Koukounaries Acropolis, Paros, in J.A. MacGillivray and R.L.N. Barber (eds) The Prehistoric Cyclades: Contributions to a Workshop on Cycladic Chronology: 184–206. Edinburgh: Department of Classical Archaeology. Schilardi, D.U. 1992. Paros and the Cyclades after the Fall of the Mycenaean Palaces, in J.-P. Olivier (ed.) Mykenaïka: Actes du IXe colloque international sur les textes mycéniens et égéens organisé par le Centre de l’Antiquité Grecque et Romaine de la Foundation 219

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

Hellénique des Recherches Scientifiques et l’Ecole francaise d’Athènes (Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique Supplément 25): 621–639. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard. Schilardi, D.U. 1995. Παρατηρήσεις για την ακρόπολη των Κουκουναριών και την Μυκηναϊκη Πάρο κατά τον 12ο αι. π.Χ. Έπετηρίς ¨Εταιρείας Κυκλαδικών Μελετών 14: 481–506. Schilardi, D.U. 2016. Koukounaries Paros. The excavations and history of a most important Aegean acropolis. Athens: Paros Excavations – Center of Historical and Archaeological Studies. Shaw, J.W. 1977. New Evidence for Aegean Roof Construction from Bronze Age Thera. American Journal of Archaeology 81: 229-233. Sherratt, S.E. 2011. Part II. Late Helladic IIIC Pottery, in E.B. French (ed.) Well Built Mycenae. Fascicule 16/17. The Post-Palatial Levels: 59-80. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books. Stager, L.E. and P.A. Mountjoy 2007. A Pictorial Krater from Philistine Ashkelon, in A. Ben-Tor, J.P. Dessel, W.G. Dever, A. Mazar, and J. Aviram (eds) ‘Up to the Gates of Ekron.’ Essays on the Archaeology and History of the Eastern Mediterranean in Honor of Seymour Gitin: 50-60. Jerusalem: The W.F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research and the Israel Exploration Society. Stockhammer, P. 2007. Kontinuität und Wandel: Die Keramik der Nachpalastzeit aus der Unterstadt von Tiryns. Unpublished PhD dissertation, RuprechtKarls-Universität Heidelberg. Stockhammer, P. 2009. The Change of Pottery’s Social Meaning at the End of the Bronze Age: New Evidence from Tiryns, in C. Bachhuber and R.G. Robert (eds) Forces of Transformation: The End of the Bronze Age in the Mediterranean (Themes from the Ancient Near East, BANEA Publication Series 1): 164-169. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Stockhammer, P. 2011. Household Archaeology in LH IIIC Tiryns, in A. Yasur-Landau, J.R. Ebeling, and L.B. Mazow (eds) Household Archaeology in Ancient Israel and Beyond: 207-236. Leiden and Boston: Brill. Thomas, P.M. 2005. A Deposit of Late Helladic IIIB:1 Pottery from Tsoungiza, Hesperia 74: 451-573. Thomas, P.M. 2011. Mycenaean Tablewares and the Curious Careers of the Angular Kylix and Shallow Angular Basin, in W. Gauß, M. Lindblom, R.A.K. Smith, and J.C. Wright (eds) Our Cups are Full: Pottery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age. Papers Presented to Jeremy B. Rutter on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday: 297-305. Oxford: Archaeopress. Thomatos, M. 2006. The Final Revival of the Aegean Bronze Age: A case study of the Argolid, Corinthia, Attica, Euboea, the Cyclades, and the Dodecanese during LH IIIC Middle (British Archaeological Reports 1498). Oxford: Archaeopress. Thomatos, M. 2007. Koine and Subsidiary Koines: Costal and Island Sites of the Central and Southern Aegean

during LH III C Middle, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II: LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 315-327. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Tournavitou, I. 2017. The Wall Paintings of the West House at Mycenae (Prehistory Monographs 54). Philadelphia (PA): INSTAP Academic Press. Tzedakis, Y. and H. Martlews 1999. Minoans and Mycenaeans. Flavours of Their Time. Athens: Greek Ministry of Culture, National Archaeological Museum. Van Damme, T. 2017. Euboean connections with eastern Boeotia: Ceramics and synchronisms between Lefkandi and ancient Eleon, in Ž. Tankosić, F. Mavridis, and M. Kosma (eds) Island Between Two Worlds: The Archaeology of Euboea from Prehistoric to Byzantine Times. Proceedings of International Conference, Eretria, 12-14 July 2013 (Papers and Monographs from the Norwegian Institute at Athens 6): 171-182. Athens: Norwegian Institute at Athens. Vitale, S. 2006. The LH IIIB-LH IIIC Transition on the Mycenaean Mainland: Ceramic Phases and Terminology. Hesperia 75: 177-204. Vlachopoulos, A.G. 2006. Η Υστεροελλαδαδική ΙΙΙΓ περίοδος στη Νάξο. Τα Ταφικά Σύνολα και οι Συσχετισμοί τους με το Αιγαίο. Τόμος Α (Αρχαιογνοσία 4). Athens: University of Athens, School of Philosophy dissertation publication series. Vlachopoulos, A.G.2008. Journey from Thera to Naxos: the Cyclades in the Twelfth Century BC., in N. Brodie, J. Doole, G. Gavalas and C. Renfrew (eds) Horizon: A colloquium on the prehistory of the Cyclades: 479-491. Cambridge: McDonald Institute of Archaeology. Wace, A.J.B. 1921-23. ‘Excavations at Mycenae,’ The Annual of the British School at Athens 25:1-434. Wace, A.J.B.1932. Chamber Tombs at Mycenae (Archaeologia 82) Oxford: The Society of Antiquaries. Wardle, K. 1973. A Group of LH IIIB 2 Pottery from within the Citadel at Mycenae ‘The Causeway Deposit’. The Annual of the British School at Athens 68: 297-342. Wardle, K., T. Higham, and B. Kromer 2014. Dating the End of the Greek Bronze Age: A Robust Radiocarbonbased Chronology from Assiros Toumba. PLoS ONE 9(9) e106672: 1-9. Watrous, L.V. 1992. Kommos III. The Late Bronze Age Pottery. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press. Weinberg, S.S. 1969. ‘A Gold Sauceboat in the Israel Museum,’ Antike Kunst 12: 3-8. Weninger, B. and R. Jung 2009. Absolute Chronology of the End of the Aegean Bronze Age, in S. DegerJalkotzy and A.E. Bächle (eds) LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms III: LH IIIC Late and the Transition to the Early Iron Age. Proceedings of the International Workshop Held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, February 23rd and 24th, 2007: 373-416. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 220

Bibliography

Wiencke, M.H. 2000. Lerna: A Preclassical Site in the Argolid. Volume IV: The Architecture, Stratification, and Pottery of Lerna III. Princeton (NJ): The American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Wright, J.C. 2004. A Survey of Evidence for Feasting in Mycenaean Society, in J.C. Wright (ed.) The Mycenaean Feast: 13-58. Princeton (NJ): The American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Wright, J.C. 2006. The formation of the Mycenaean palace, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and I.S. Lemos (eds) Ancient Greece: From the Mycenaean Palaces to the Age of Homer (Edinburgh Leventis Studies 3): 7-52. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Yasur-Landau, A. 2003. The Absolute Chronology of the Late Helladic IIIC Period: A View from the Levant, in S. Deger-Jalkotzy and M. Zavadil (eds), LH IIIC Chronology and Synchronisms II: LH III C Middle. Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, October 29th and 30th, 2004: 235-244. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Zaccagnini, C. 1983. ‘Patterns of Trade among Ancient Near Eastern Craftsmen.’ Journal of Near Eastern Studies 42, pp. 245-264.

221

Profile drawings

1 2

3

4

5

6

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 1-6.

222

Profile drawings

8

7

9

10

12

11

13

14 15

17 16 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 7-18.

223

18

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

19

20

22 21

23

24

29

35

42

26

25

30

31

36

43

27

33

32

37

38

44

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 19-46.

224

28

39

45

34

40

41

46

Profile drawings

47 48

49

51

50

54 52

55

58

53

57

56

59 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 47-60.

225

60

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

63

61

64

62

67

66

65

68

70

69

74

75

79

78

77

76

73

72

71

81

80

82

83 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 61-84.

226

84

Profile drawings

85

87

86

88

89

90

91

92

93

95

94

96

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 85-97.

227

97

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

100

98 99

102 103 101

105 104

106

108

107

109

110

111 113

112

115

116 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 98-117.

228

114

117

Profile drawings

118

119

120

121

122 123

126

125

124

129

127 128 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 118-130.

229

130

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

132

131

134

133

135

136

138 137

139

140

142

141

147

145

144

148

146

143 153 154

152 149

150

151

156

157

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 131-158.

230

158

155

Profile drawings

161

160

162

159

167

164

165

166

163

170

168

171

169

174

173

172

175

176

177

180 179

184

182

181

183

185

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 159-185.

231

178

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

186

187

188

189

192

191

190

194

193

197

195

204

205

213

220

201

200

199

206

214

221

198

196

222

202

207

209

208

215

223

203

216

224

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 186-228.

232

218

217

225

212

211

210

226

219

227

228

Profile drawings

230

231

232

233

237

229

235

234

236

238

242 240

239

244

245 243

241

246 248

249

247

251 250

252

255

253

254 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 229-255.

233

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

256A

256B (roll out)

256C Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 256.

234

Profile drawings

259

257 258

263 260

261

262

266

265

264

268 267

269

271 270

272

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 257-273.

235

273

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

274

277

276

278

275

280

279

283

282 281

285

284

286

287 288

293 291

290

289

292

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 274-295.

236

294

295

Profile drawings

296

299

297 300

298

301

302 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 296-302.

237

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

303

304

305

306

307

308

310

309

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 303-310.

238

Profile drawings

311 312

313

314

315

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 311-316.

239

316

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

317

318

319

320

321

322

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 317-322.

240

Profile drawings

324

323

325

326

327

329

328

330

331

332 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 323-332.

241

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

333

336

335

337

334 339

338

351

340

343 342

341

344

349

346

345

350 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 333-351.

242

347

348

351

Profile drawings

353

352

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 352-361.

243

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

362

363

364

365 366

368

367

369

370

371

372 374

373

377 375

378

376 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 362-378.

244

Profile drawings

381 380

382

379

383

384

385

388

390

389

387

386

392

391

394

393 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 379-394.

245

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

395

398

396

400

399

397

402 401

405

403

404

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 395-406.

246

406

Profile drawings

407

408

409

410

413

414 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 407-411, 413, 414.

247

411

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

412 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 412.

248

Profile drawings

415

416

419

417

420

421 422 418

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 415-422.

249

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

423

424

425

428 430

427 431

429

426

435

433

436

434

432

439

438

437

440

442

441

443

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 423-443.

250

Profile drawings

444 445

447

446

450 448

451

449 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 444-452.

251

452

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

453

454

455 456

457

460

459 458

462

461

463

464

465

466

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 453-457; Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 458-466.

252

Profile drawings

468 469

467

472

471

473

475

474 470

477

476

478

481

479

480

482

484

483

485 Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 467-485.

253

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

489

486 487

491

490

488

492

493

494

495

497

496

498

499

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 486-499.

254

Profile drawings

500 501

504

505

506

503 507

502

510

511

512

509

508

514 516

517

515

518

519

521 520

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 500-521.

255

513

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

524

523

522

527

526

525

529 528

531

530

534

535 532

533 537

538

536

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos.522-538.

256

Profile drawings

539

539 (reconstruction drawing)

541

540

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 539-541.

257

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

542

543

544

545

547

548

546

551

549 550

552 553

554

556

555

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 542-556.

258

Profile drawings

559 558 557

560

561

562

563

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 557-563.

259

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

566

565

564 568 567

569

571

570

572

576

575

574

573

577

579 578

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 564-582.

260

580

581

582

Profile drawings

584

583

585

586

587

588 589

591 590

592

593

594

595

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 583-595.

261

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

598

596

597

599

Context 2 (Storeroom 2) cat. nos. 596-599.

262

Profile drawings

600

601

603

602

606

604

607

609 Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 600-609.

263

605

608

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

610 612

611

613 615

614

616

617

619

618

620

621

622

624 Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 610-624.

264

623

Profile drawings

625

627

626

631 629

630

628

633

634

635

636

632

637

638

641

639

640

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 625-641.

265

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

644

643

645

642

649

646

650 647

648

651

655

653

652

654

657

658

656

659

661

660

663

662

664

665

669 668 667

666

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 642-669.

266

Profile drawings

670

672

671

674

673

677

679

678

680

675

682

681

685 684

686

687

688

689 Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 670-689.

267

676

683

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

691

692 690

693

695

694

696 Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 690-696.

268

Profile drawings

697

699

698

700

702

701

703

704

705 706

707

709

710

708

711

712

713

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 697-714.

269

714

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

715

716

717

719 718

720

723

722

721

724

725

727 726

729

728

730

731

732

733

734

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 715-724; Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 725-734.

270

Profile drawings

736

735

737

738

739

743

740

742

741

744

745

749 746 747

750

753

748

751

752

754

755 Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 735-755.

271

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

757

756

759 758

760

764

761

762

763

766

767

765

769

768

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 756-770.

272

770

Profile drawings

773

771 772

775

774

776

778

777

780

779

781

784 782

783

787

786

785

788

790

791

789

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 771-792.

273

792

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

793

795

794

798

797

796

799

800

803

805

804

802

801

807

806

808

811

809

812

810

814 Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 793-814.

274

813

Profile drawings

815

816

817

818

820

819

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 815-821.

275

821

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

822

824

825

823 828

827

826

830

831 829

833 832

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 822-833.

276

Profile drawings

834 839

835 Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 834-835.

277

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

836

837

838

839

840

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 836-840.

278

Profile drawings

841

842

843

844

845

847 846

848

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 841-848.

279

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

851

849

852

850

853

854

856

855

858

861

860

859

857

863

864 865

866

867

868

869 Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 849-869.

280

862

Profile drawings

872

871

870

873

874

875

876

877

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 870-877.

281

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

884

881

882 883

880 879 885

878

889

888

893

890

886

887

891

892

895

894

897

896

898

900

899 901

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 878-901.

282

Profile drawings

903

902

904

905

909

913

908

907

906

911

910

914

915

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 902-916.

283

912

916

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

917

919

918

921

922

920

924

923

928

927

926

929

930

932

933

925

931

934

938 936 935

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 917-938.

284

937

Profile drawings

940

939

946

945

949

943

942

941

951

944

947

948

952

950

953

955

954

957

956

959

958

960

962 961

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 939-961; Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. no. 962.

285

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

963

965

964

967

966

969

968

970

971

974

972

973

977

976

975

979 978

981 980 982

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 963-983.

286

983

Profile drawings

986

985

984

987

988

989 990

993 992 991

995

997

996

999

998 1000

1001

1003

1002

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 984-1003.

287

994

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1004 1006 1005

1007

1008

1010

1009

1011

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1004-1011.

288

Profile drawings

1012

1013

1015

1014

1018 1016 1017 1019

1021

1020 1022

1025

1024

1023

1029

1026 1028

1030 1031

1027 Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1012-1031.

289

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1034

1033 1032

1036

1035

1039

1037

1038

1040

1041 1042

1043

1044

1046

1048 1047

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1032-1049.

290

1045

1049

Profile drawings

1052

1051

1050

1054

1055

1056

1053

1060

1058

1057

1059

1061

1063

1062

1064

1065

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1050-1066.

291

1066

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1067

1068

1069

1071

1070

1073

1072

1076

1075

1074

1078

1077

1079

1080

1081

1083

1082

1084

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1067-1076; Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1077-1084.

292

Profile drawings

1085

1087 1086

1088 1091

1090

1089

1093

1092

1094

1096

1095

1097

1099

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1085-1099.

293

1098

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1100

1102

1101

1111

1104

1107

1106

1105

1108

1103

1110

1109

1112 1113

1114

1116

1115

1118

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1100-1118.

294

1117

Profile drawings

1121

1119

1122

1120

1123

1124

1127

1126

1125

1129

1128

1131

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1119-1131.

295

1130

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1133

1132

1134

1135

1136

1137

1139

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1132-`1139.

296

1138

Profile drawings

1140

1142

1141 1143

1146 1145 1149

1144

1147

1148

1150

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1140-1150.

297

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1151

1153

1152

1157

1156

1155

1154

1159

1158

1160

1162 1161

1164 1163

1166

1167

1165

1168 1169

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1151-1169.

298

Profile drawings

1172 1170 1174

1173

1175

1171

1176

1177

1178

Reoccupation contexts, cat. nos. 1170-1178.

299

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1179

1180

Reoccupation contexts, cat. nos. 1179-1180.

300

Profile drawings

1183

1182

1181

1185 1184

1187

1186

1188

1191

1190

1195

1192

1193

1194

1198

1197

1196

1199

1189

1200

Reoccupation contexts, cat. nos. 1181-1201.

301

1201

Black and white photographs

1 2

3

4

5

6

7

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 1-7.

302

Black and white photographs

8

9

10

13

12

11

14

15 16

17

18

20 19

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 8-20.

303

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

22 21

26

27

29

28

33

32

36

24

23

37

39

30

31

35

34

38

25

40

42 41

45EX

43

47 44

46

45IN

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 21-47.

304

Black and white photographs

48

49

50

53 51

54

58

52

57

56

55

59

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 48-60.

305

60

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

61

63

62

67

66

65 64

68

70

69

75

80

72

71

76

77

81

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 61-82.

306

74

73

79

78

82

Black and white photographs

84

83

87EX

87IN

86

85

88

89EX

89IN

90

92

94

93

91

95

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 83-95.

307

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

96

97

98

99 101

100

102 104

108

107

105 103

109

106

111 110

112

113

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 96-114.

308

114

Black and white photographs

115

116

117

118

119A

119B

120

121

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 115-121.

309

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

122

124

123

126

129

127

130

131

128

125

136 132

135

134

133

138 137

139

143 141

142

140

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 122-143.

310

Black and white photographs

148EX

145

144

146

152EX 151EX

152IN

146

154

150EX

149

147

153

151IN

148IN

150IN

155 156 157

161

160

158 159

167

164 165

162

168

166

163

171

173

175 169

176

170

177EX 177IN

172

174

178EX 178IN

180 179 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 144-180.

311

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

187

186

182

184 185

183EX

183IN

181

188

189

191

192

195

197EX

197IN

190

194

193

196IN

196EX

198EX

199EX

200EX

201EX

198IN

199IN

200IN

201IN

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 181-201.

312

Black and white photographs

202EX

203EX

204EX

202IN

203IN

204IN

206

205

216

215

225

226

208

207

217

227

218

209

211

210

220

219

222

221

230

228

231

232

229

236

237

238

240

239

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 202-240.

313

214

213

212

223

233

234

224

235

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

242

244 243

241

245 247

246

248

252EX 249

250 252IN

251

255

254

253 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 241-255.

314

Black and white photographs

256A

256B Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 256.

315

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

259

261EX

257 258 260

261IN

265EX

265IN

263 262EX

262IN 264

266EX

266IN

267

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 257-267.

316

Black and white photographs

267IN

268 269

271

270

272

273

274

277

276

278

275

279

276 (overhead)

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 267-280.

317

280

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

283

282

285

284

281

287

286

288

289 290

293 291

294

295

296 297

292

299

300

298

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 281-300.

318

Black and white photographs

301

301 (with lid, 449) Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 301.

319

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

303 302

305 304 306

307

308 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 302-308.

320

Black and white photographs

311 312

310

309

313

314

315

316

317 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 309-317.

321

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

318

320

319

321

323

322

324 325

327 326

328

329

330

331 332 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 318-332.

322

Black and white photographs

334

336

335

333

337

339

338

340

343

341

346

342

347

344

348

345

349

351 350 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 333-351.

323

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

352

355

354

353

356

358

357

359

361

360 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 352-361.

324

Black and white photographs

362

364

363

365 366

370

369

368

367

371 372

374

375 373 378

377

376

379 381 380

382

384

383

386

385

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 362-386.

325

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

388

390

389

387

392

391

393

394

396

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 387-396.

326

395

Black and white photographs

399

398

397

402

400 401

404

405 403

407

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 397-407.

327

406

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

408

409

410

411

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 408-411.

328

Black and white photographs

412

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 412.

329

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

413

412

414 Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 412-414.

330

Black and white photographs

414

414

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. no. 414.

331

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

415

416

419

418

417

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 415-420.

332

420

Black and white photographs

422 421

424

427

423

428 426 425

429

430

431

432

433

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 421-436.

333

434

435

436

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

437

439

438

441

442

440

444

443

445

446

447

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 437-447.

334

Black and white photographs

450

448

449

451

453

452

454

455

456

457

459 458

461 460

Context 1 (Storeroom 1), cat. nos. 448-457; Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 458-462.

335

462

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

463

465

464

466

468

467 Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 463-468.

336

Black and white photographs

469

471

470

472 473

474

475

476

478

477

480 482

481

483

479

484

485

486 Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 469-486.

337

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

488 489

491

490

487

493

492

494 495

496

497

498

499 Context 2 (Storeroom 2) cat. nos. 487-499.

338

Black and white photographs

504 503

505

506

501 500

507

508

502

510

511

509

512 516

513

517

514 515 518

519

520 Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos.500-521.

339

521

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

522

524

523 527

526

528

525

529

531

532

530

535

534

533

536

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 522-536.

340

Black and white photographs

537 538

539

542 Top of rim

542 540

543

541

545 546

547

548EX

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 537-549.

341

544

548IN

549

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

551

550

552

553

554

555

556

560

557

558

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 550-561.

342

559

561

Black and white photographs

562

563 Scale 1:5

565 567

564

566

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 562-568.

343

568

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

572 571 570

573

569

576

580

574

579

577

578

582

581

584

575

585

583

587

588

591 586 589

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 569-591.

344

590

Black and white photographs

593 592

594

595

596

597

598

Context 2 (Storeroom 2) cat. nos. 592-598.

345

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

600

601

599

602

605

603

606

610 608

609

611

Context 2 (Storeroom 2) cat. nos. 599-611.

346

604

607

Black and white photographs

613

615 614

612

618

619

616 620

621

622

623 Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 612-623.

347

617

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

626

624

625

627

629

628

631

630

636

633

632

637

638

634

639 640

Context 2 (Storeroom 2), cat. nos. 624; Context 3 (Storeroom 3), 625-640.

348

635

Black and white photographs

646 643

641

645

644

642

651

650

652 648

647

649

657

653

658EX

655 654

656

658IN

661

662

660

663

659 665 664

666

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 641-666.

349

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

669

670

676

672

671

674

673

668

675

667 677

678

679

680

681

682

683EX 683IN 684

686EX

685

686IN 687

688EX

688IN

691 693

689

694

692

690

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 667-694.

350

Black and white photographs

695

696

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 695-696.

351

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

697

698

699

700

702 701

703

704

707 705 706

709

712

715

710

713

716

711

714

708

717

719 718

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 697-720.

352

720

Black and white photographs

723

722

721

725

727

726

728

724 729

731

730

738

736

735

734 733

739

732

737

740

743

741

742

Context 3 (Storeroom 3), cat. nos. 721-724; Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit) cat . nos. 725-744.

353

744

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

745

746 747

749

750

751

752

748

755 756

757IN

757EX

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 745-757.

354

753

754

Black and white photographs

758IN

758EX

761

760

762

763

759

764

766 765

768

767

773

771EX 769 770

771IN

774 775

776

772

778

777

780 779

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 758-781.

355

781

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

784 782

785

783

788 787EX

786

792

789

787IN

793

794

795

796

798

803

800

804

802

801

799

797

805

791

790

806

807

808EX

809

810EX

808IN

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 782-811.

356

810IN

811

Black and white photographs

813 812

815 814

817 816

818EX

820

818IN 819

821 822

826

824 825

823 Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 812-828.

357

827

828

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

829

832 830

831

834 Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 829-834.

358

833

Black and white photographs

835

837

836

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 835-837.

359

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

838

840

841

839

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 838-841.

360

Black and white photographs

842

843

844

847 846

845

852

853

851

849

848

850

856

854 855

858

860

861

859

862

857

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 842-863.

361

863

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

867 864

868

866 865

871

872 870

869

873

876 874

875

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 864-876.

362

Black and white photographs

880 877

878

882

881

879

883

884 887

885

890

886

891

889

888

893

892

894

896

897 899 895

898 900

901 902

903 904

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 877-904.

363

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

908

907

905

906

910

909

913

912

911

914

919

918 917

915 916

920

921

923

922

925

924

927 926

928

930

929

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 905-931.

364

931

Black and white photographs

933 932

934

938 936

935

941

942

937

945

943

940

939

946

944

947

948

949

951 955

950 952

953

954

958 957

959

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 932-959.

365

956

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

962

960

963

964

965

961

966

968

967

970

969

971

974

973

975

972

976

977

979

982

981

980 978

984

985

986

983

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit), cat. nos. 960-961; Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 962-986.

366

Black and white photographs

988

987

990 991 989

993

994

997

995

996

992

1000

1002

1001

998 999

1003

1004

1008 1007

1006

1010

1009

1011

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 987-1011.

367

1005

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1013

1012

1015 1016

1014

1018

1020

1017

1019

1021

1022

1023

1024

1027 1025

1026

1028

1029

1033 1032

1030

1031 1034

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1012-1034.

368

Black and white photographs

1035

1036

1040

1039 1037

1038

1041 1045

1044

1043

1046

1042

1047

1051

1048

1049

1050

1056

1054

1055

1052

1058

1057

1053

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1035-1059.

369

1059

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1060

1063

1062 1061

1064

1066 1065

1074

1071

1068

1069

1067

1070

1075

1072

1073

1076 1077

1079

1078 1080

1081

Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit), cat. nos. 1060-1076; Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1077-1081.

370

Black and white photographs

1083

1085 1084

1086

1082

1088

1087

1089

1091

1090

1093

1092 1094

1096

1098EX

1100 1099

1098IN 1095

1097

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1082-1101.

371

1101

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1110

1107 1103

1105

1111

1104

1108

1112

1102 1106

1109

1114

1117

1113 1115

1116

1119

1118

1121

1123

1124EX 1122 1120 1124IN

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1102-1124.

372

Black and white photographs

1125

1128

1126

1130

1129

1127

1131

1132

1134

1133

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1125-1136.

373

1135

1136

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1138

1137

1139

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1137-1139.

374

Black and white photographs

1140

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. no. 1140.

375

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1141

1145 1142

1143

1144

1146 1147

1149

1148

1150

1152

1151

1154

1153

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1141-1156.

376

1155

1156

Black and white photographs

1160 1158

1159

1157

1161 1163

BACK

1168

1167

1162

FRONT

1165

1164

1166

TOP

1169

1170

1172

1173

1176EX

1174

1176IN

1171 1175

Context 5 (Shrine), cat. nos. 1157-1169; Reoccupation contexts, cat. nos. 1170-1176.

377

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1177

1179

1178

Reoccupation contexts, cat. nos. 1177-1179.

378

Black and white photographs

1180

1182EX

1183EX

1182IN

1183IN

1184EX

1181

Reoccupation contexts, cat. nos. 1180-1184.

379

1184IN

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

1185

1190

1189

1194

1187

1186

1188

1192

1191

1193

1195 1197

1196

1200

1201

Reoccupation contexts, cat. nos. 1185-1201.

380

1198

1199

Index A

torus 51, 144, 146 basin 7, 8, 36, 57, 58, 67, 81, 97, 98, 112, 122, 132, 133, 145, 161, 167, 172, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199 basin, spouted (FS 302) 36, 81, 87, 88, 97, 145, 172, 186, 188, 190, 191, 195, 197, 199 bowl, Group A deep (FS 284) i, ii, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 56, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 110, 111, 118, 119, 120, 121, 127, 131, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 182, 184, 185, 186, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213 bowl, Group B deep (FS 284) 118, 120, 139, 141, 164, 177 bowl, Rosette deep (FS 284) 27, 94, 139, 140, 141, 164 bowl, spouted deep 10, 34, 143, 186, 198 bowl, handleless collar-necked 34, 133, 143, 186, 198 bowl, handleless medium band 31, 65, 132, 141, 186, 188, 198 bowl, one-handled conical (FS 242) 7, 30, 31, 32, 81, 87, 96, 118, 121, 128, 131, 159, 162, 173, 174, 175, 185, 186, 190, 191, 195, 197, 198 bowl, shallow angular (FS 295) 6, 33, 34, 66, 81, 88, 92, 111, 133, 137, 143, 157, 159, 162, 182, 186, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 198 bowl, shallow rounded 33, 81, 143, 165, 186, 188, 190, 191, 198 bowl, spouted small 34, 143, 186, 198 bowl, stemmed (FS 305) 17, 21, 25, 32, 33, 57, 65, 66, 81, 87, 88, 97, 111, 132, 134, 142, 167, 182, 188, 190, 191, 193, 197, 198

Achaea 42, 52, 83 Agora (Athens) 36, Agrapidochori (Elis) 50 alabastron 6, 8, 10, 11, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 69, 76, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 100, 113, 114, 118, 123, 131, 132, 148, 149, 150, 155, 159, 161, 162, 164, 167, 171, 174, 177, 178, 182, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199 alabastron, rounded (FS 86) 10, 42, 43, 82, 87, 100, 149, 187, 190, 192, 198, 199 alabastron, straight-sided composite (FS 330) 4, 118, 45, 123, 148, 150, 161, 162, 172, 187, 195, 199 alabastron, straight-sided (FS 96, 98) 10, 11, 38, 42, 43, 44, 69, 83, 86, 100, 113, 123, 131, 132, 148, 149, 150, 155, 159, 162, 164, 167, 171, 174, 177, 178, 182, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199 alabastron, straight-sided, three-legged (FS 99) 10, 45, 148, 150, 162, 165, 171, 178, 187, 199 alabastron, straight-sided with raised base (FS 97) 100, 114, 148, 149, 150, 192, 194, 199 amphora 7, 46, 48, 49, 74, 84, 129, 148, 151, 160, 169, 180, 184, 191, 197 amphora, belly-handled (FS 58) 69, 87, 99, 129, 148, 151, 159, 160, 169, 175, 188, 192, 197, 199 amphora, neck-handled (FS 70) 128, 159, 160, 175 amphora, rim-handled (FS 69) 41, 42, 69, 82, 87, 88, 99, 113, 123, 133, 148, 150, 160, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 197, 199 amphoriskos (FS 59) 7, 38, 39, 42, 68, 82, 83, 86, 87, 98, 100, 113, 122, 131, 146, 147, 162, 168, 173, 185, 186, 188, 190, 192, 195, 197, 199 Amyklaion (Laconia) 126 antiques i, xix, 73, 85, 88, 89, 100, 109, 130, 134, 135, 136, 137, 141, 155, 163, 165, 170, 178 Aplomata (Naxos) 43, 49, 50, 55, 96, 162 archaizing i, xix, 13, 17, 42, 75, 85, 88, 89, 90, 109, 117, 132, 134, 136, 137, 141, 158, 163, 164, 165 Asine (Argolid) 18, 35, 102, 127, 128 Astypalia (Dodecanese) 112 Athenian Acropolis 53 Athenian Acropolis, Mycenaean Fountain 19, 35, 42, 43, 46, 51, 55, 72, 92, 120, 122, 123, 129, 157, 160, 171, 177 Athenian Acropolis, North Slope 22, 48, 160 Attica 6, 10, 15, 17, 19, 32, 33, 42, 70, 83, 136, 152, 163, 169, 170, 172, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180 Ayia Irini (Kea) 1, 175 Ayios Stephanos (Laconia) 17, 82, 136

C Catling, H.W. 108, 163, 172 ceramic inclusions marble 7, 68, 93, 102, 106, 109, 112, 122, 125, 127, 145, 146, 152 mica ii, 6, 147, 151, 152, 154, 159 mudstone 68 Chalia (Boeotia) 48 coil-made 42 construction date 3, 57, 166 cooking 86 cooking pot, tripod xix, 7, 10, 49, 86, 152, 160, 177, 178 cooking vessel 160 context, selection of 2, 3, 4, 5 cup i, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 56, 76, 86, 88, 89, 118, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 143, 146, 160. 161, 162, 163, 169, 170, 172, 184, 201, 202, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212 cup, carinated (FS 240) 87, 91, 136, 191, 198 cup, deep semiglobular (FS 215) 11, 17, 18, 56, 60, 91, 119, 132, 136, 161, 163, 170, 172, 177, 178, 182, 186, 188, 191, 195, 198 cup, deep spouted (FS 249) 7, 19, 20, 21, 26, 31, 34, 56, 57, 60, 61, 76, 78, 87, 88, 91, 92, 109, 110, 119, 136, 137, 138, 143, 146, 160, 161, 164, 170, 177, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198 cup, low-stemmed (FS 267) i, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 56, 57, 59, 60, 77, 78, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 108, 109, 118, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 160, 161, 162, 163, 167, 169, 170,

B Bademgediği Tepe (Turkey) 144 base types beveled 36, 145 domed 134, 135, 142 flat 28, 47, 78, 145, 149, 158 raised concave 22, 48, 49, 136, 138, 141, 153, 168, 170 raised flat 18, 49, 71, 100, 114, 139, 143, 145, 148, 149, 152, 165, 192, 194, 199 ring 21, 22, 28, 36, 71, 92, 128, 129, 136, 139, 141, 143, 153, 155, 156, 165, 168, 170, 177, 185, 188, 191, 195, 199

381

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts

176, 184, 186, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198, 201, 202, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212 cup, semiglobular (FS 211) 10, 17, 88, 89, 136, 161, 186, 198 cup, shallow angular 19, 133, 137, 186, 198 cup, shallow spouted 61, 138, 188, 198 cup, straight-sided 85, 87, 88, 109, 137, 164, 193, 198 Cyprus 11, 144, 156, 165

jar, pithos xix, 7, 10, 11, 56, 76, 85, 86, 158, 160, 190, 197 jar, stirrup (see stirrup jar) jug 8, 46, 58, 70, 115, 117, 138, 150, 151, 158, 169, 173 jug, cooking (FS 65) 49, 152, 185, 199 jug, large (FS 106) 45, 46, 47, 70, 71, 83, 87, 88, 101, 114, 123, 129, 133, 150, 151, 152, 160, 175, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199 jug, medium (FS 110) 47, 57, 70, 71, 83, 87, 88, 101, 114, 123, 124, 133, 151, 152, 153, 161, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199 jug, narrow-necked 71, 72, 151, 152, 166 jug, neck-handled (FS 121) 7, 46, 47, 48, 49, 70, 71, 72, 86, 87, 88, 102, 115, 124, 133, 151, 152, 153, 185, 187, 188, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199 jug, small (FS 115) 48, 71, 72, 86, 87, 88, 101, 114, 124, 131, 133, 151, 161, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 194, 195, 198, 199 jug, trefoil-rimmed (FS 137) 49, 173

D decorative syntax and systems 39, 88, 157, 165, 176, 201 Deiras (Argolid) 11, 102 Delphi (Phokis) 50 Desborough, V. d’A. 162 destruction date 2, 6, 162, 163, 166, 167, 172, 173, 174 dipper (FS 236) 7, 8, 36, 37, 68, 76, 82, 86, 133, 146, 160, 177, 184, 186, 189, 190, 192, 193, 197, 199 E

K

Egypt 156 Eleon (Boeotia) 35, 167, 177 Eleona (Kos) 11, 17 environment 1, 180 Eutresis (Boeotia) 22, 25, 34, 52, 73, 83, 123, 170, 171, 177, 178

kalathos (FS 291) 10, 35, 36, 57, 58, 67, 81, 87, 88, 97, 109, 112, 133, 144, 145, 162, 167, 177, 186, 188, 190, 191, 193, 197, 199 Kalymnos (Dodecanese) 45, 51, 55, 157 Kamini (Naxos) 16, 21, 45, 55, 61, 70, 96, 112, 127, 162 Kastro (Paroikia, Paros) 1, 176 Kea 48, 55, 156, 165, 172 Kea, temple 162 Kephalonia 48 kernos 118 Kolonna (Aegina) 32 Kontopigado (Attica) 136, 170 Kopreza (Attica) 33 Korakou (Corinthia) 22, 25, 33, 42, 50, 72, 134, 146, 166, 170 Koukounaries Hill, Mycenaean building ashlar masonry 57 ceiling or roof debris 10, 56, 86, 87, 89 construction methods/techniques 6, 56, 57, 166 ‘corridor house’ 1, 85 Cyclopean masonry 57 destruction debris 10, 76, 85, 86, 87, 89, 166, 172 doorways 56, 76, 85, 86, 117 East-West Corridor i, ii, 1, 4, 56, 76, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 118, 127, 145, 160, 161, 184, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 198, 199, 200, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213 doorways 85, 86 drain 87 stratigraphy 4, 86, 89 entrances 1, 85, 88, 117, 118, 127, 161 excavation xix, xxi, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 56, 57, 76, 85, 86, 89, 117, 158, 180 floor materials and construction 4, 10, 11, 56, 57, 76, 85, 86, 89, 118, 158, 161, 166, 167 foundation ceremony/ritual 57, 58, 166 Great South Wall 1, 56, 57, 58, 76, 166 main occupation phase i, xix, xx, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 23, 29, 35, 57, 58, 85, 127, 131, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 184, 201 North-South Corridor 1, 85, 86, 117 reoccupation phase i, xix, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 23, 56, 85, 118, 127, 131, 159, 160, 162, 166, 167, 173, 174, 175 Shrine i, ii, 1, 3, 4, 117, 118, 141, 145, 146, 150, 158, 161, 184, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 210, 211, 212, 213 altar/platform 4, 117, 158, 161

F food storage, preparation, consumption 11, 76, 77, 89, 118, 160, 161 French, E.B. 108 Furumark, A. 8, 75, 131, 133, 135, 137, 145, 148, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 164, 166, 167, 168, 178 G Granary, Mycenae 18, 22, 41, 42, 48, 128 griffin 66 H handle, twisted 173 heirloom 13, 141, 163 hydria (FS 128) 7, 41, 42, 46, 49, 50, 69, 72, 74, 84, 87, 102, 117, 118, 124, 128, 129, 133, 153, 158, 161, 164, 173, 177, 178, 184, 185, 187, 188, 192, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200 I Ialysos (Rhodes) 36, 45, 52, 74 imports i, 6, 8, 10, 19, 39, 51, 52, 54, 73, 78, 88, 102, 110, 136, 154, 155, 163, 169, 172, 177, 180, 181 inter-island trade 157 Italo-Mycenaean 165 itinerant potters i, xix, 89, 110, 139, 155, 157, 163, 164, 165, 174 J jar, collar-necked 7, 8, 49, 69, 86, 102, 133, 147, 150, 157, 162, 169, 172, 173, 178, 182 jar, collar-necked large (FS 63) ii, 8, 10, 39, 40, 41, 68, 69, 82, 86, 87, 88, 98, 99, 112, 122, 147, 161, 163, 167, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 195, 197, 198 jar, collar-necked small (FS 64) 8, 87, 88, 113, 122, 148, 178, 192, 198 jar, piriform large (FS 38) 7, 37, 38, 39, 57, 68, 146, 172, 185, 186, 188, 197, 199

382

Index

doorway 117 pebble and plaster floors 4, 118, 158 terracotta bovid figure 4, 118, 126, 158, 161, 171, 196 staircases ii, 1, 11, 56, 85, 86, 89, 118, 127, 161 Storeroom 1 i, xix, 8, 10, 56, 85, 86, 88, 89, 143, 146, 150, 160, 161, 167, 169, 172, 184, 185, 186, 187, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 211, 212, 213 ceiling support 10 drain 10 entrance 10, 11 organization 10, 11 stratigraphy 10, 11 Storeroom 2 i, ii, xix, xxi, 3, 56, 57, 86, 144, 145, 146, 160, 162, 164, 166, 167, 169, 172, 184, 188, 189, 197, 198, 199, 200, 204, 205, 211, 212, 213 burial 56 deep sounding ii, 3, 56, 57, 58, 145, 166, 167 entrance 2, 56, 86 organization 56 stratigraphy 56, 57 Storeroom 3 i, ii, 3, 56, 76, 86, 137, 145, 146, 155, 160, 161, 167, 184, 190, 197, 197, 198, 199, 200, 206, 211, 212, 213 bedrock outcropping 76, 77 bench 76, 77 entrance 76 larder 77, 160 stratigraphy i, xix, 6, 7, 76, 86, 127 tower 76 upper floor 1, 4, 10, 11, 85, 86, 89, 127, 161 window 76, 89 krater 8, 10, 33, 34, 35, 56, 57, 66, 67, 86, 89, 94, 118, 119, 122, 128, 129, 132, 143, 144, 158, 159, 161, 164, 166, 168, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178 krater, ring-based carinated (FS 282) 66, 67, 144, 166, 199 krater, ring-based (FS 282) 22, 35, 56, 86, 87, 97, 118, 121, 122, 128, 139, 144, 159, 161, 167, 173, 175, 185, 197 krater, stemmed (FS 9) 10, 34, 35, 66, 86, 87, 97, 121, 132, 143, 144, 177, 178, 182, 186, 188, 191, 198 kylix i, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 118, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 142, 159, 160, 161, 162, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 177, 184, 201, 202, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212 kylix, angular (FS 267/274) 13, 59, 89, 134, 135, 169, 212 kylix, conical (FS 274) 11, 89, 133, 134 kylix, rounded conical (FS 258/274) 11, 12, 16, 17, 58, 59, 77, 89, 108, 118, 134, 136 kylix, rounded (FS 258) 57, 58, 77, 133, 134 kylix, swollen stem 60, 172, 173 Kythera 17, 164

Lefkandi, Phase 3 127, 128, 159, 160, 175 lekythos 50, 102, 131, 153, 162, 164, 166, 173 lekythos, small (FS 122) 50, 72, 73, 87, 102, 153, 155, 187, 189, 192, 100 lekythos, large (FS 123) 72, 153, 189, 100 lekythos, Submycenaean 166 Levant 156 lid 56 lid, disc-shaped 56, 157, 158, 185, 187, 197 lid, straight-sided (FS 334) 55, 57, 75, 76, 86, 87, 108, 126, 132, 157, 158, 167, 182, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194, 196, 200 lentoid flask 8, 156 lentoid flask, large (FS 186) 8, 54, 55, 156, 162, 165, 172, 174, 187, 200 lentoid flask, medium (FS 186) 74, 157, 189, 200 lentoid flask, small (FS 186) 55, 157, 187, 200 Lis, B. 77 M memory 164 Menelaion (Laconia) 17, 108, 136, 146, 163, 172 Mountjoy, P.-A. 9, 33, 141, 142, 144, 162, 163, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178 mug (FS 226) 19, 21, 30, 56, 57, 60, 137, 164, 186, 188, 198 Mycenae (Argolid) ii, 5, 6, 18, 22, 32, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 50, 62, 66, 67, 70, 72, 91, 92, 99, 101, 102, 108, 112, 118, 124, 128, 143, 158, 166, 167, 178, 175, 181 N nostalgia 132, 164 O Optical Omission Spectroscopy 6, 136, 180 Orchomenos (Boeotia) 65, 93 P painted patterns and motifs arcs (also see concentric arcs) 32, 40, 65,116 banded (see also even bands) 8, 14, 17, 25, 33, 46, 48, 50, 51, 71, 72, 88, 92, 128, 132, 135, 136, 137, 142, 144, 145, 150, 151, 154, 156, 159, 160, 164, 165, 170, 175, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212 biped creature 66, 132 bivalve shell (FM 25) 21, 30, 34, 40, 59, 64, 66, 71, 78, 79, 80, 86, 93, 94, 99, 104, 106, 112, 132, 138, 139, 140, 142, 150, 171 circle (FM 41, concentric, reserved, solid, concentric lines) 14, 22, 24, 27, 29, 30, 40, 43, 44, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 62, 63, 73, 75, 78, 92, 93, 96, 101, 115, 140, 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 168, 170, 178, 203, 205, 208, 210, 212 concentric arcs (FM 44) 17, 32, 39, 40, 65, 68, 74, 78, 93, 98, 103, 104, 107, 111, 142, 147, 177 cross (on handle) 129, 160, 175 curved stripes (FM 67) 85, 109, 137, 164 diaper net (FM 57) 34, 42, 43, 44, 63, 69, 73, 74, 96, 113, 114, 132, 149, 168 dot row on rim 17, 27, 36, 37, 62, 93, 95, 136, 146 dotted arc 59, 116 double axe (FM 35) 76, 113 even bands 51, 52, 54, 73, 81, 140, 150, 156, 157, 165, 170, 171, 178 foliate band (FM 64) 19, 45, 54, 63, 100, 110, 138, 139, 149 hooks (below handle) 42, 48, 128, 129, 175

L Langada (Kos) 20, 22, 45, 59, 73, 74, 100, 115 Lefkandi (Euboea) ii, 5, 46, 50, 131, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 167, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 178 Lefkandi, Phase 1a 69, 164, 168, 170, 171, 178 Lefkandi, Phase 1b 11, 36, 38, 46, 60, 70, 72, 83, 85, 93, 102, 113, 123, 148, 168, 170, 171, 175, 178 Lefkandi, Phase 2a 46, 60, 69, 70, 85, 91, 122, 123, 130, 147 148, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175 Lefkandi, Phase 2b 19, 31, 48, 122, 128, 129, 148, 159, 173, 175

383

KOUKOUNARIES I – Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts











hybrid flower (FM 18B) 66, 169 linear 8, 18, 31, 32, 35, 46, 55, 61, 65, 69, 70, 72, 73, 76, 83, 92, 108, 131, 132, 133, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 163, 164, 168, 171, 173, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 lyre player 88, 109, 132, 136, 161 multiple stem and tongue (FM 19) 53, 74, 121, 156 N-pattern (FM 60) 61, 119, 139 paneled and triglyph patterns (FM 75) 13, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 71, 75, 77, 79, 80, 84, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 106, 110, 111, 115, 12122, 124, 125, 126, 130, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141, 144, 147, 151, 152, 163, 164, 168 papyrus (FM 11) 110, 111 parallel chevrons (FM 58) 20, 31, 33, 34, 37, 41, 51, 52, 60, 64, 65, 67, 72, 78, 81, 84, 96, 100, 102, 103, 104, 110, 111, 119, 122, 124, 132, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 152, 156, 165, 166 quirk (FM 48) 26, 30, 38, 64, 111, 119, 120, 122, 126, 139, 140, 147 rosette (FM 17) 22, 23, 24, 27, 30, 31, 32, 62, 79, 80, 93, 94, 99, 116, 139, 140, 141, 147, 164 sacral ivy (FM 12) 42, 64, 139, 140, 164 scale (FM 70) 117 scroll 69, 128, 175 sea anemone (FM 27) 63, 66, 80, 93, 107, 121, 139 semicircles, concentric 34, 104, 116, 121 semicircles, isolated concentric (FM 43) 17, 20, 21, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 39, 42, 43, 45, 51, 52, 54, 64, 65, 66, 68, 73, 74, 79, 80, 82, 87, 91, 93, 100, 101, 104, 110, 113, 115, 122, 123, 125, 138, 139, 140, 142, 147, 149, 152, 156, 164, 171, 177 semicircles, joining (FM 42) 20, 23, 26, 34, 52, 121, 138 semicircles, solid 122, 136, 144, 172, 173 spiral, antithetic (FM 50) 22, 23, 26, 34, 44, 62, 79, 80, 93, 96, 102, 104, 111, 124, 139, 144, 149, 153, 168, 169, 172, 178 spiral, curved stem (FM 49) 26, 30, 75, 139, 140 spiral, isolated (FM 52) 22, 29, 51, 52, 53, 72, 73, 74, 80, 103, 104, 139, 140, 155 spiral, open-centered running 128, 129, 173 spiral, running (FM 46) 23, 29, 38, 39, 40, 45, 47, 62, 74, 82, 94, 96, 98, 104, 108, 109, 110, 117, 122, 126, 128, 129, 138, 139, 140, 147, 150, 160, 169 spiral, stemmed (FM 51) 12, 22, 23, 30, 31, 40, 59, 75, 80, 84, 97, 102, 121, 122, 125, 126, 134, 135, 139, 140, 147, 152, 169, 171 tassel 51, 127, 129, 154, 159, 160, 175 tri-curved arch (FM 62) 31, 39, 42, 64, 74, 80, 94, 139, 140, 147, 148 triglyph and half rosette (FM 74) 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 61, 62, 79, 139, 140 uncertain pattern or motif 27, 54, 122, 156 unvoluted flower (FM 18C) 34, 52, 53, 54, 59, 72, 73, 74, 78, 83, 102, 103, 104, 111, 115, 117, 132, 138, 156 U-pattern (FM 45) 26, 30, 44, 111, 114, 139, 149 V-pattern (FM 59) 110 voluted flower (FM 18A) 34, 121 wavy band (FM 53) 13, 18, 20, 21, 23, 30, 36, 39, 42, 46, 48, 51, 61, 62, 67, 70, 71, 72, 83, 84, 91, 96, 98, 99, 102, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, 123, 132, 135, 136, 138, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 156, 157, 177



wavy line (FM 53) 22, 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 43, 44, 45, 52, 62, 73, 74, 77, 80, 83, 84, 88, 94, 97, 103, 109, 110, 115, 121, 122, 126, 138, 139, 140, 141, 149, 150, 155, 168, 171 whorl-shell (FM 23) 14, 25, 34, 35, 66, 76, 78, 79, 84, 88, 89, 90, 94, 108, 119, 121, 132, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 161, 164, 169, 172, 178 zigzag (FM 61) 13, 20, 21, 25, 30, 31, 39, 41, 42, 52, 54, 64, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 79, 80, 83, 92, 94, 103, 107, 111, 115, 120, 121, 124, 125, 132, 138, 139, 140, 141, 147, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 164, 168, 171, 172, 174 Perati (Attica) 6, 18, 34, 35, 40, 45, 48, 49, 50, 55, 66, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 98, 99, 100, 112, 128, 129, 136, 144, 156, 157, 163, 171, 172, 173, 177, 180, 183 Philistia 144 Philistine 166 Phylakopi (Melos) ii, xxii, 1, 6, 13, 16, 17, 21, 22, 25, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 45, 47, 48, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 89, 93, 95, 109, 110, 111, 113, 118, 124, 126, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177 Pilona (Rhodes) 82 platter 11, 36, 146, 185, 197 pottery styles Close Style 34, 173, 178 Granary Style 173 Nobelkeramik 1 Octopus Style 163, 173 Pictorial Style 173 Pleonastic Style 173, 178 pottery surface treatments bichrome 58, 65, 132, 134, 142 grooved (see also incised) 9, 16, 33, 34, 39, 50, 60, 67, 133, 135, 143 burnished 54, 67 impressed 76 incised 8, 33, 34, 133, 135, 143 monochrome (also mono) black 131, 134, 141, 150, 159, 168, 171, 184, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212 monochrome interior (also mono IN), all colors 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 167, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 202,. 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212 monochrome interior (also mono IN), all colors, with reserved rim (or lip) line or band 14, 25, 63, 79, 80, 91, 93, 94, 132, 138, 141, 142, 173, 173, 174, 203, 204, 206, 207, 212 monochrome (also mono) red 29, 65, 131, 134, 136, 141, 168, 184, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212 monochrome with reserved handle patch 22, 23, 92, 119, 127, 141, 159, 175 monochrome with reserved circle on base interior 92, 140, 174 monochrome with reserved lower body 43, 50, 82, 100, 113, 131, 137, 153 ridges 19, 34, 50, 115, 137, 146 self-slipped 6, 7, 125, 135, 138 slip 6, 7, 8 smoothed 40, 49, 67, 73, 134 wheel-finished 42

384

Index

pottery, undecorated 6, 8, 132, 146, 147 pottery, unpainted 6, 8, 9, 132, 133 Prosymna (Corinthia) 89, 124 Pylos (Messenia) 38, 72, 121, 161, 164

stirrup jar, large (FS 164, 167, indeterminate) 10, 51, 72, 73, 83, 88, 115, 154, 163, 182, 185, 187, 189, 190, 194, 197, 198, 200 stirrup jar, medium (FS 174, 175, 181, indeterminate) 51, 52, 72, 73, 83, 87, 102, 154, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 198, 200 stirrup jar, small (FS 174, 180, 181, indeterminate) 6, 10, 43, 52, 53, 54, 57, 73, 74, 86, 87, 88, 102, 103, 115, 124, 154, 155, 156, 161, 163, 177, 187, 189, 192, 194, 200 T Thebes (Boeotia) 39, 42, 45 Thessaly 48 Thorikos (Attica) 15, 16, 36, 55, 65, 71, 82, 92, 177 Thronos/Kephala, Crete 18 Tiryns (Argolid) 5, 19, 21, 33, 36, 45, 50, 55, 62, 65, 70, 84, 93, 94, 97, 111, 117, 118, 119, 128, 131, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 173, 178

R rhyton 88, 117, 158, 164, 194, 200 rim types beveled 46, 58, 67, 69, 71, 139, 142, 145, 146, 148, 151, 152 down-sloping 37, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 everted 24, 25, 26, 93, 134, 139, 143, 144, 145, 146, 152, 159, 164, 175, 178 hollow(ed) 41, 45, 46, 69, 70, 117, 127, 128, 129, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 175 lipless 33, 48, 50, 72, 134, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 153, 157, 159, 168, 171, 173, 175, 177, 178 out-turned 33, 79, 82, 135, 136, 138, 141, 145, 150, 151, 152, 164 out-turned lipless 151, 152 pulled 139, 145, 146, 159 rounded 142, 151, 153, 160, 173 “T” or hammer-shaped 144 thickened 142, 143, 148, 149, 151, 152 Rubensohn, O. 1, 176 Rutter, J.B. xxii, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 42, 43, 54, 146, 155, 156, 166, 169

V Van Damme, T. 177 Vourvatsi (Attica) 32, 70 Vravron (Attica) 177 W wares Coarse Red (CR) xxiii, 6, 7, 11, 14, 35, 49, 51, 56, 59, 125, 134, 152, 158 Fine Buff (FB) xxiii, 6, 7, 11, 56, 73, 76, 102, 132, 134, 137, 138, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 175 Tempered Buff (TB) xxiii, 6, 7, 10, 56, 76, 132, 137, 146, 147, 152, 153, 154, 159, 160, 175 White Ware (WW) xxiii, 6, 7, 11, 23, 29, 31, 32, 35, 38, 41, 46, 102, 127, 173, 174, 175 water source 1, 118, 161 wheel-made 6, 117, 118, 158, 171

S Schachermeyr, F. 172 Schilardi, D.U. ii, xix, xxi, xxii, 3, 180 schist 6, 10, 11, 56, 57, 76, 117, 118 Scimatari (Boeotia) 42, 74, 94, 144, 177 secondary burning 8, 50, 51, 86, 102, 104, 106, 107, 112, 125 Seraglio (Kos) 45 Sherratt, S. 166 singletons 11, 160 size of vases 8, 11, 132, 133, 137, 138, 145, 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 166, 184 Skyros (Sporades) 35, 38, 44, 48, 83, 113, 137, 173 stirrup jar 6, 7, 8, 10, 52, 54, 56, 72, 73, 103, 132, 154, 155, 156, 161, 163, 165, 168, 170, 171, 178, 184, 187, 189, 190, 192, 193, 195, 196, 198, 200

Z Zygouries (Corinthia) 157, 163 Zygouries (style) kylix 13, 77, 135, 163, 164, 170

385