Japanese Now: Text — Volume 2 9780824841102

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J A P A N E S E NOW

JAPANESE NOW Text Volume 2

ESTHER M. T. SATO MASAKO SAKIHARA LOREN I. SHISHIDO

University of Hawaii Press Honolulu

C O P Y R I G H T © 1 9 8 3 B Y T H E D E P A R T M E N T OF E D U C A T I O N , S T A T E OF H A W A I I ALL R I G H T S R E S E R V E D M A N U F A C T U R E D IN T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S OF A M E R I C A

T A P E S TO A C C O M P A N Y THIS T E X T A R E A V A I L A B L E FROM: N A T I O N A L C E N T E R FOR A U D I O T A P E S , S T A D I U M B U I L D I N G , U N I V E R S I T Y OF COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO 8 0 3 0 9 .

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (Revised for vol. 2) Sato, Esther M. T., 1915Japanese now. Maps on Lining paper. 1. Japanese language—Text-books for foreign speakers —English. PL539.3.S28 1982 495.6'82421 81-23142 ISBN 0-8248-0773-1 (vol. 1) ISBN 0-8248-0795-2 (vol. 2)

CONTENTS Acknowledgments

vii

Introduction

ix

Terms Used in Grammar Notes

xi

Introductory Lessons

1

Lesson 1

3

Lesson 2

10

Lessons Lesson

13 1

m 5: U —

U 5 U

Lesson 2

26

Lesson 3 Lesson 4

15

/^/Ufv^ f^v^cD

^btzh

Lesson 5

38 49 61

Lesson 6

-7-^5/ f f

74

Lesson 7

, 5 ) are used to make the tentative form

=t i f :

:

Conjugation o f \-fitv verbs T Eh x .e dictionary forms o f all 1 -/¿Ay &verbs 9 5 end in either

5 or

T h e following verbs are exceptions because although they have endings, they are b~ff 5 - f i h verbs. to enter # § to cut

For

to need L 5 to know

fë. fr

55

or

?L-f£A/+Z>

L

on

XI V •O -i i-, « ,o h—i * **

9

INTRODUCTORY LESSON 2 FORMAL A N D INFORMAL FORMS

1.

2.

a.

b.

Nonpast

Past

d.

c. Nonpast negative

Past negative

Nominal Formal

X ir

XVtc

u-^(-c-fi) h y t^t/u

Informal

tz

tz o tc

L * ( T* ti) ft V ^

Formal

-l^T-t"

-fp^tcX-f

Informal

-V

-fr-Dtc

i^^(x-ii)

h 9 i^tAyX

Ltc

Adjective

3.

Adjectival Nominal

4.

Verbs*

*

h - < ftV^

-ftfc)0

I wonder about how much that costs.

18

ff^frbk

4. Appositional use of co y— ¿ / ^ co fc £ ft 4V C ^ c o £ A^ This phrase means Mr. Makoto Suzuki, who is Emily's childhood friend . . . or Emily's childhood friend, Mr. Makoto Suzuki. . . . 5.

*?hX

L X 0 , cOoiiOo

Isn't it Ken, the tall boy?

This is the inverted sentence of ( O o j i © {ife'b f? h X X b • The inversion of sentence parts is very common in conversational Japanese. It focuses attention on the inverted expression. Ex. Standard sentence:

Inverted sentence:

l i t f c i o few 6.

"¿b

L/c

# ^ U ^ ^ - C ' t ¿0

A/, -f r."


Your shoes are nice.

fofefzii

c) d)

If ,}; o , a doll. To describe a person's features,.. . LT ti*

h

Ltc0

There was a phone call from a man named Tanaka. b) teAs t What do you call that restaurant? 12.

i-1

H5 I T O f t ?

How is he doing now?

In informal conversation fr in a question ending or L t c i * may be omitted and the sentence said with a rising intonation. Female speakers tend to drop it. Ex. a)

^ o b i f c

Would you like to come with me?

b)

Have you finished your breakfast?

13. ftjt-fcj > .$> •••It

^^vpotp LX V^

Ex. a)

^t/vLvpi;

LTl'^fo

Ken is a baseball player.

is used to express what a person's profession is. 7-y

h • tf — ^CD

My older brother is a football player. b)

-frA^-fr^g:

L T V ^ ~t"o

My mother is a high school teacher. c)

jo C f i

LTV^to

My uncle is a doctor. 14. ^ o ^ L V ^ i !

It brings back memories!

fr or fe is a particle used when the speaker expresses his feelings of joy or anger. Female speakers tend to say and male speakers say either or 15.

-3+htz

x i

U - H t

tcXo

15. ¡ b ^ o T i ^ / u ^ l t H ' - o

I know, but . . .

b ^ o t v ^ A / i i ' is the informal form of ibfr o X v^á L X - f . •••hX-f (•••/utz) is a sentence ending commonly used in colloquial Japanese. It follows informal forms of verbs and adjectives. There is not much difference between the - £ - f - ending and the • • • Ay X ~f~ ending. Ex. a) b) 16.

( o h ¡i

ff

# S-fo)

I'm going to Japan.

t

Is your home far away?

f f f r f j t l ^ X < ix Xe

Don't say that.

< i t is the informal version of < tz ¿ v ^ and is used only by male speakers in an informal situation, -¡f < tz& and | f t) ft V ^ X < tl have the same meaning. - f t v ^ - followed by < tí ¿ (formal) or < i% (informal) means Please don't. . . . Ex. a) b)

f < tí ¿ v\

< tl^-k £ tz

\

1

'J^fjftv^-C

°

tí£\\

(< 1

< tic

Please don't forget your homework. Please don't go home yet.

< tlo

DRILLS A.

Substitution and Translation (refer to V. 1) LA. K -5 Ex.

MtC^

1. ^ P ¿A,, ^

B.

Li

L tza

V

I introduced Emily to my best friend.

4. v ^ i ^ , -fctl h

2. i i t d h ,

5.

3. Pilii, -fctzh

6.

a^y-gA,

Substitution and Translation (refer to V. 2) Ex.

¿o^

litfc

\t t ^ foreigner ua 19. U - f

•5-

•r\"7

Ó

6

f

t .

**

•5

talk; speak; converse

S.' fj *

*

20. m study t 1

21. m «

z

ì

r

r

•p

&&

T

Ìt i

study 22.

n t\ M Ê à

g

self L A, 23. 5

À

ir

f" r

m

lit self-confidence 24. kïL te

1

n

Fi

F? S

carne; be (here) ì

25.

± up; above; upside

26.

T

T T T

the lower part; the bottom; the foot -fr-

27.

-5f

•C7 a

say i iL

28. til

-A-*-

jf" a

in a person's presence; in front of; before; ago 36

fl'I

»»

l é

VIII. E X E R C I S E Answer the following questions about the reading selection and the dialog of Lesson 2. 1. ^ P è À , «

f o i n

m$cr-t-i>\

2.

o

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. M è / u C O 11. ^ P è ^ t t

fr^tik,

T > i b

-tlhX

WV^ £ Ufc/^o

isL^ttct\

12. 13.

¿f5 U T r f c è !

j ox

14.

37

f o f c ^ f t ^o

LESSON 3 I.

^

})-£/v*/u, t ! f i b < 0 fcfcfcfl» fife- : T^^ic L i f i b < -i-L/i 0 4 ^ 5; ]) — : X.X.O

t)

fife-:

life-:

fcv^frk-f ^ofrtehc ¿ A y ^ ft >9 £

^P:

ooiifLj:?»

t-^^D

fefcx.

ix Ay L *}> :> /"i o fc « ?

fife—:

X.X.0

LfcV^S

^ ^ y - :

%

tifrh

H0

-^oTSA/ft^t?7

:

-ttli

fife-:

-r^t^A,.

fife-:

CT'feAy. tS

teZ>t.X6

-^oXV^S

|!0V^;b o "f-frkftV^?

l

t)

¿f,

KfroltA,

o

/-¿fen?

P S U 5 K

1,

38

fcjiH® PiA^V^o L^W11^ Ao fife"^Ay,

&

ifoT,

M : M

& b O -CV^ b o L ^ 7-(£)

ZtiJ:*)

:

¿0

fctffck?

fcixo

:)

fr-fti**,

m : y U D - v, m :

'llic

m: HJS

y y y-

:

y y y -

fc'n^bib?

y y y-

y y y-

¡iv\ ¡¿v\

^

y y y-

v y

^

m :

icAjZ rumor; common talk; gossip talk of; speak about just when we were talking about

& L t v ^ k z.

come along; show up after a seven-year interval; the first time in the last seven years

-tr^-S t)

very much; a lot; quite is fc x. $ A/

young lady; older sister

• • • CD X

because . . .; as. . . . (Particle)

< J)

i? V^

a w f u l ; terrible

V-Xfrb

after doing . . .

jfcnii

if you c o m e

¿bit

perspiration Lx

be wet with perspiration

9

sorry

Z' it) h

Ot

d o so

tZ

* -)

sit.)

D tz-otc

intended to (Past tense of fc v \ informal negative f o r m of

%>.)

leisurely; slowly; by a n d by

i

(you go a n d ) call

pfa-

call

fc* ¿fc> i t

(Female pronunciation of

h/vfr

(Informal f o r m of

tzfi-)

fofcfc.)

bathroom i b G o t V ^ o U W

(you go and) wash

hbh

wash simply; briefly; easily

v + V - £ $> tf 5

take a shower take a quick shower I ; m y ; me. (Used by m a l e speakers in an i n f o r m a l situation.) shirt lend; loan yes

$ O i f J) -f- s

feel refreshed

M I S 5

T h a t would m a k e you feel refreshed.

£ •=> tf !J 1" 5

( O n o m a t o p o e i c w o r d refering to ringing telephone.)

y y y

40

come out. (®ii§ fc tti "Hello!"

Answer the phone.)

(on the phone)

(Polite form of x ~ t - On the phone this polite expression is used to say, "I'm [usually the last name of the speaker].") SUPPLEMENTARY

VOCABULARY I'm full

i s f c f r t ^ o fäV L J: < t

meal

< » ?

feA^frV^

X-r tf(tl) £ \ y-¿A/?

ffiofcf),15

t c

/"¿ox,

fcft^A,,

12

Zrfrtzfrb

—Ait fefe, i ^ o / i ! 17 fcfc, fc^US ^Ltcl ¿ f e , h/vfcfc-b,

-AT*

(v^C

^ o tj ^ 5 o

17

TthtZ < ©(&) 49

&

$

J; 0 1 8

if

sandals think

9 fa X.

Well . . .; Let me see . . . there. (Used when the name of a place has slipped from the speaker's memory but is known to the listener.)

¿b^Z

How about . . . (Feminine)

-lit'

(Sentence starting word used to get the listener's attention.) the other day

^ co£> W i

store; shop Washington. (Name of a shoe store in Tokyo.) •••cdc: t ?

Are you talking a b o u t . . . ?; Do you mean . . .?

h^z

if it is that place

fib

surely various; different kinds; a variety of (Dictionary from of

9

go and see (how it is)

U A I- »
b o ,1' K f

(Place name in Tokyo.) show (a person) around Many thanks for your kind offer, b u t . . .

tfo^

No thanks.

5 (T'-t-)

Right, Emily? no problem with . . . ; no trouble with . . . 50

be quick to say that; you always do (or say) that

-f-C^H/i^fb

I can't stand it that way; It is always that way; It's disgusting /¿oT,

But . . . (Word used when one is about to disagree with the listener.)

•••

(Negative form of th & or informal form of fe V £ 11: A..) tf-bh

stingy; cheap skate; same as it h

it 5

Isn't it all right? tz

once in a while

tc ¡1

two of you; both of you

- A t % l ^ V ^ i f /vie

That's enough!; Stop it!

l^(cfc)

(I'm) the loser; (I) lost Well, . . . (Word used to get listener's attention.) i t c h attached to a person's name, a pronoun, or a nominal indicates the plural of the word.)

h/vtztzh

washing; laundry; things to wash

< i> A,

frozen

microwave oven food frozen food is selling; are selling

5)

still you folks

htetctch

part of the way; till there (Tentative form of the verb f f < .)

ff^MifO

I wonder if I should go. 'Jf t) i -

on the way back, ( f f # K means on the way to.)

l o T t t i i f f S Li 5

Shall I go and buy (it) for you? Well, . . . (Expression of hesitation.) maybe; I'm afraid so. (Informal version of ^ 5 i> L f b t - ^ h U . )

62

after all. (Used when one has made up one's mind after hesitating or having thought it over.)

C JfA,

for oneself; by oneself

Uftx-

I'll go myself.

S # - te A fT< X.

the station front (in front of the station) somehow; without knowing why; in some way; vaguely; no clear reason, b u t . . . habit; custom

tefvk.fi

since the olden days

< (tax.)

. . . would be better good one(s) . . . would be better than . . . this evening v^co

What? (Question without " C i - ^ ; ftfc is pronounced ft tb especially by female speakers.)

••• X. Q

•••(D^/^l^

What are we having for supper tonight?

£ Ayff h

without further delay; without dilly dallying

i/UiA,

ftfcfc?

-

f - 1

>f

4-

-t

i"

-t- -t 7C TLJ - f c

yo

#7

thing; goods; commodities 53. £ f O

-j-

—

>- f c -f -c --

&

ft

to hold VIII. EXERCISES A. Answer the following questions about the reading selection and the dialog of Lesson 5. 1.

L

2.

L ^J^tchli

3.

¿f 5 L T

4.

H^icii

5. / ¿ W

B.

fjjtc

fee

i v ^ t

tj:z>t

l o t ^ T ,

Lit < £

t ^ W f t

tti^tts^-e-ta».

¡fxv^'5 ^ Mv^t-

iii^ftTV^StK

f ^

¡0s

fft^-t^o

Write in Japanese a short paragraph of three or four sentences about the differences between Japanese housewives and American housewives based on what you have learned in this lesson.

73

LESSON 6 I.

7 - í r - y K '

READING SELECTION

Wi-^/vtzhn TLzm-z frfrtixS /Ui if^ä-fo faMis fàM^ fc^ti

j&T^T?

M -

Mv^g-c-

fîè^-fo

Ki^iboT^á-fc2

v^-t^ b-?: 53"Ci""o

fàM® fefeS:

Tß:

i^4

Cibreo

¡b

s u t

tiìòtz71

U © ^

v^-to

AI&L-CV^ÔWT:,

fcCè/Ui

6

^¿ftfc.

5 ^ L ä-f0

II. í f o T ( ^ ) fbo ^ 5 y- :

fiv\

ai ^ U — è A/,

oit^-to

e : :

tit

fSI^

l^CO?

ÄloA

ff? cd-B iâ ll w A oA

L V ^ - f i o Ätü^-to L¿ oíí < ftV^'b* D^fe,

o

!

I^JMCOA :

&tc 9 ground pork and shrimp wrapped in thin dough and steamed, is a very popular Chinese food among the Japanese people. L 5 i V \ made in Yokohama China Town, is most widely known as J; r. t . CD L y £ V w n Japan. When people go to or pass by Yokohama, they buy a box of L ^ b £ V^ for Sofy-^hf.) fco ^

change (money)

ft < £ ftv^

do not lose. (Negative form of verb ft < lose.)

ft < £ ftv^ i 5 t c f c

Don't lose it.

bh

yes. (An informal form of

or

to

ftv\)

(Informal form of fc-gj $ /v.)

tuna

hospital What happened? (Informal form of Jf 5

£* 5 L/cCD

t i t

baby ££ft/-c( ? £ f t § ) e"4>m -5 c

was born. (Informal past tense form of 9 i ft > X £ -i: 5; ftv^—• Ex. a)

-tcD

35 V L-^ ?

That salted salmon looks delicious, doesn't it ? b)

fc&as

&

L f t v ^

4. 5.

•-it

M i U T f t

1-

3.

I it A/

7)

Please d o n o t run.

2.

it]

feM^tPo

equivalent (refer to V . Ex.

into a statement using the verb ^ b 0 •

^ —T y f — K

6.

87

jo^iat:

l>^ftv^

ft(£LL/^ 5

/«cv^^-e-f-o #Wc

fr^

I may have caught a cold. Makoto might be busy. d)

¿m

fri,

It may be true. e)

^

ti-otc

fri,

It may have been true. f)

hL te

SfeftV^

fotlg-frA;.,

I may not come to school tomorrow. fLXisb1)

4.

Ltc0

He made up his mind to see the doctor. In Lesson 5 of Volume 1, N + was introduced. In the case of an action verb, the dictionary form of the verb + £ t or the informal negative form of the verb + t replaces the nominal as in this sentence to mean decide to do or not to do. V-dictionary form V-fe W form

+

to . . . I/he/she decided Ex. a)

^

L i t tc

not to . . . ff
Tofi'i

( Y o u ) help.

verbs: add ô to the stem.

Ex.

( Y o u ) eat. S3 t S

> &

( Y o u ) §et

U P-

Exception: 3ft £

18. if 5> -it"

»jfcv^

( Y o u ) come.

ir-YsHX-

-fs

» 1 5

( Y o u ) do.

? ?

Y o u will come by motorcycle anyway, won't y o u ? 5(5 £ kyfzh 9 is the informal form of ¿ft £ h X I j : 5 . and is used by male speakers. Ex.

a)

hLtc

L If A; A*

5

is the tentative form of f£,

h ^ h t i ^ 9 ?

You'll have a test tomorrow, won't y o u ? b)

o ? Y o u can speak Japanese, can't you ?

DRILLS A.

Substitution (refer to V. 1) Ex.

jjL&J^k

^r'ttÂyè

1. while doing my homework 2. while talking with my best friend, Mr. Taniguchi 3. while listening to the new record 4. while drinking beer 5. while writing a letter 6. while studying for the test 7. while reading a letter B.

Formulate potential forms (refer to V. 2) 1.

K5

6-

11.

thir

(be; stay)

2.

7.

12.

¡b-fftS

3.

8.

13.

-f-5

14.

5(5 S

4.

*
£¿5 There is no need to hesitate.

1. I ?

z.b

2. hLtc

Zb

frv^frio

3. i i ^ ^ A y t 45. 6.

Zh

4-0 j

"tS o

Z-b z Zb

.

b ftv^J:,,

158

Zb

J. C o m b i n e the paired sentences to m a k e o Le (refer to V. 17). Ex.

fcifefc F • ^ TsK

] t£ y t i ~ J : a

I ti 9

Xo

If you don't get married soon, you' I be an old maid. 4.

if^^-To 9 (C < V^T'-f-o

2. 3.

K.

Zkftlz

5.

6.

hi>,a £ s tt name i -5 ^

i i t i i ti l* il
A U » «D «t C -5

a: ^ y - : M:

¿f 5 L T T ' t K

áSfí è

ÂlÎàt

5

ô f i f c , Îfêfîfê&Â

163

i 5

fctiè^

fcCè^i:

fc^

V^L

M :

fci^,

I V ^ o T

ÍTofcfb?

M:

y - :

D h0 c y

MX

y - :

^

b

V^ttfc'fc«,

tä x_,

M

lofc?

y—:

î^-î-:

fc

y - :

i i t i a l

/-¿¿x(¿

thòAy

Sofcbio

felfeo.

^fcfifcà:, ^òL^o

ge :

Sofc©? ••

y—:

:

(i L U-

í J: -5 ±

jo 9 co

tìCìifi

:

^ y h V ' ^ t fcèv^è i -5 ^ -5 il Í.Í4, ¿olgc^o & è f l v f t , fc ¿ fj-Ä*» # #

i ^ o f c T ' L J : 5„

UV^t-J- ¿f\ i o ^ ^ t f ^ s

i 5 y—:

Wl- :

fcfcx.--

g^-C-

^ 5; y — :

i 5 ¡i -

fcfifcèÂ,«

S/c u i ni

—fe C o f r c D !3

C o t f w !9 ?

V^ C

B#, i < "toTfcU^frV^ ^ o L i t JEfcfeV^oTo

¿fe

^

V^oLi/iÇ.

fcv^^ifco

fc-tìr^oifc)

& ¡b 5

¡jo-tír^v« ? ftfcfc.

íó-ttÁ^Oo T0

fc^io

íRíri-S

5 5 5 feo

fcáfc 5 ?

y y yU H - ,

A^fe fr^Ä»

%ib5XL¿;5o

t

T ^ y ^ t f i

io-í^ow

ftV^O?

!

y y y - >o fefc,

^Pè/y-o

164

u ,

v^oL^v^-Tic

L¿5L L H - . fcfc,

x ^ P - i / ; ,

V ^ l ^ J ;

fcfcÄ^xX-i-iao

fco*




¿ x ,

¿ o T ^

sSÜ

L Ä ^ f c ,

^

i^p

:

^ P

:

S

K

Ä ^ t i o t

dib^-C-

& 9

< It

-fv^A,

fc.

•

i

x

t 74{3k-t„

^ R i

: i

B f ö o

y -

:

74{|i-C'-tia0

4

Ltc0

- e t ,

X.X.O

£ 5 L
IS a 5 ¡^

very

fcv^o(ft)

important was surprised

i t,

town

mr

public bath(house) like a swimming pool jo A. It Ay

hot spring; spring bath

m

inn; hotel. (Usually with Japanese-style rooms and beddings.)

o < D Jj V c »

leisurely

5 L-C*

parents and children with friends

A H ^ L i t

with others

M

weak point; do not like. (This word was previously introduced as meaning be unskillful.)

X

long time Thank you for your kindness. (Used to call a middle-aged woman or an aunt.)

h

Please come, (v^ o o X is the ••• X form of the verb v^ b o L-4>