India's Singapore Story 9789814695749

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Reproduced from India's Singapore Story, by Narendra Modi (Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, 2015). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. Individual articles are available at

india’s singapore story

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The ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) was established as an autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies (RES, including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world.

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Singapore Lecture 23 November 2015

india’s singapore story

Narendra Modi

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Published in Singapore in 2015 by ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo­copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. © 2015 ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore ISEAS Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Modī, Narendra, 1950 India’s Singapore Story. (Singapore lecture series, 0129-1912 ; [37]) 1. Singapore—Foreign relations—India. 2. India—Foreign relations—Singapore. 3. Southeast Asia—Foreign relations—India. 4. India—Foreign relations—Southeast Asia. 5. Asia—Foreign relations—India. 6. India—Foreign relations—Asia. I. Singapore Lecture (37th : 2015 : Singapore) II. Title. III. Series: Singapore lecture series ; [37]. DS501 I597 no. 37         November 2015 ISBN 978-981-4695-73-2 (soft cover) ISBN 978-981-4695-74-9 (E-book PDF) Typeset by International Typesetters Pte Ltd Printed in Singapore by Markono Print Media

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CONTENTS Welcome Remarks

Tharman Shanmugaratnam 1

II India’s Singapore Story

Narendra Modi 5

I

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I Welcome Remarks Tharman Shanmugaratnam Deputy Prime Minister and Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies, Singapore

His Excellency Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of the Republic of India Mr Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore Distinguished Guests Ladies and Gentlemen 1 A very warm welcome to the 37th Singapore Lecture. Prime Minister Modi, thank you for agreeing to deliver this lecture during your official visit to Singapore despite your extremely tight schedule. 2 This year, as we celebrate 50 years of nationhood, we also celebrate the friends who have stood by Singapore since its earliest days. India was the second country to establish diplomatic relations with Singapore. It also supported our entry into the United Nations, the Afro-Asian Conference and Non-Aligned Movement at a time when gaining recognition and international legitimacy was critical to a fledgling nation. Through this deep friendship, we have developed a vibrant

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and multifaceted relationship over the five decades. Our economic relations are strong, with Singapore being one of the top investors in India today. Our companies are active in sectors relevant to India’s development and Prime Minister Modi’s priorities, such as urban solutions, infrastructure, aviation, energy, as well as port and logistics. Similiarly, many Indian companies have established regional and global operations in Singapore. Our people-to-people relations run deep, as does our cooperation in the defence and cultural spheres. 3 Even as we celebrate the past 50 years, we want to build a partnership for the next 50 years. Tomorrow, the two Prime Ministers will be signing a Strategic Partnership that will not only elevate relations but also chart the way forward in the coming decades. We thank Prime Minister Modi for his firm support for the Strategic Partnership. Ladies and gentlemen, 4 Prime Minister Modi was born of humble beginnings in Gujarat, a state where he subsequently rose to become its Chief Minister from 2001 to 2014. During his three terms as Chief Minister, Gujarat’s economy nearly tripled in size, benefiting millions of people in the state. He achieved this transformation by improving infrastructure, attracting investment and modernising Gujarat’s bureaucracy with his trademark vision, discipline and decisiveness. It became known as ‘the Gujarat model’. 5 Since taking office as Prime Minister, Mr Modi has brought the same vigour and drive to the national stage. He has reinvigorated the India “story”, launching a number of bold national initiatives such as “Make in India”, “100 Smart Cities” and

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“Skill India” — each seek to address the key challenges and opportunities for India. Countries and companies from around the world are being drawn to India by his commitment to create an open and competitive environment for investments and development. 6 Beyond India, Prime Minister Modi also moved quickly to re-energise its foreign policy, both regionally and globally. Indeed, India has a significant role to play in our region, and its “Act East” policy will be very positively received. We are confident that India will remain an important stakeholder in the region, and continue to make vital contributions to Southeast Asia and Singapore. 7 It is now my privilege to invite Prime Minister Modi to deliver the 37th Singapore Lecture on the topic “India’s Singapore Story”.

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II india’s singapore story Narendra Modi Prime Minister of India

Excellency, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Excellency, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Honourable Ministers, Professor Tan Tai Yong, Distinguished guests, Thank you for the honour and privilege of delivering the Singapore Lecture. I am conscious that I walk in the footsteps of leaders who have shaped modern India and our relationship with this region — President Shri APJ Abdul Kalam, Prime Minister Shri P.V. Narsimha Rao, and former Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Mr. Prime Minister, I am deeply honoured that you have joined us here. We have been on the road together in the past few weeks — for the G20 and the ASEAN and East Asia Summits. This tells you how deeply linked the destinies of our two nations are.

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To the people of Singapore, on 50 years of Independence, I extend the greetings and the good wishes of 1.25 billion friends and admirers. In the life of humans and nations, milestones of time are natural. But, few countries can celebrate the first 50 years of existence with a sense of pride and satisfaction that Singapore deserves to. And, I can do no better than to begin with homage to one of the tallest leaders of our time and the architect of modern Singapore — Lee Kuan Yew. To capture his mission in his own words, he gave his life to see a successful Singapore. And, it was with his well known steely determination that he saw Singapore through to its golden jubilee year. His impact was global. And, in him, India had a well wisher, who spoke with the honesty of true friendship. He believed in India’s potential at home and her role abroad more than many in India. For me, he was a personal inspiration. From his Singapore Stories, I drew many lessons. The most profound, yet simple, idea was that transformation of a nation begins with a change in the way we are. And, that it was as important to keep your city and surroundings clean as it was to build modern infrastructure.

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For me, too, in India, the Swachh Bharat campaign is not just a programme to clean our environment, but to transform the way we think, live and work. For quality, efficiency, and productivity are not just technical measures, but also a state of mind and a way of life. So, in my visit to Singapore this March and in the observance of a day’s mourning in India, we wanted to honour a true friend and a very special relationship. Singapore is a nation that has become a metaphor for the reality of dreams. Singapore teaches us many things. The size of a nation is no barrier to the scale of its achievements. And, the lack of resources is no constraint for inspiration, imagination, and innovation. When a nation embraces diversity, it can unite behind a common purpose. And, international leadership flows from the power of thought, not just from the orthodox measures of strength. Singapore has done more than just lift a nation into the highest levels of prosperity within a generation. It has inspired this region’s progress and led in its integration.

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And, it has made others believe that the possibility of progress is within our horizons, not an unseen and distant hope. Singapore’s success flows not from the aggregate of numbers and the size of investments. It is based on what I believe is the key to success: the quality of human resources, the belief of a people and the resolve of a nation. Distinguished members of the audience, It is with the same vision that we are pursuing the transformation of India. People are the purpose of our efforts; and, they will be the power behind change. I do not judge the success of our efforts from the cold statistics of number, but from the warm glow of smile on human faces. So, one set of our policies is to empower our people. The other set is to create the conditions in which enterprises flourish, opportunities expand and the potential of our citizens are unlocked. So, we are investing in our people through skills and education; special focus on the girl child; financial inclusion; sustainable habitats; clean rivers and smart cities; and, access to

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basic needs of all our citizens — from water and sanitation to power and housing. We will nurture and defend an environment in which every citizen belongs and participates, secure of her rights and confident about her opportunities. And, we are creating opportunities by reforming our laws, regulations, policies, processes and institutions; by the way we govern ourselves; and the way we work with state governments. Together with this software of change, we are also building the hardware of progress — next generation infrastructure, revived manufacturing, improved agriculture, easier trade and smarter services. That is why we are moving on many fronts at the same time, aware of the linkages that make up a comprehensive strategy. I learnt long ago that Singaporeans are too well informed about India to be burdened with numbers by a visitor, even from India. In any case, for me, the emergence of India as the fastest growing major economy in the world is less important than what is more enduring: the wheels of change are moving; confidence is growing; resolve is stronger; and, the direction is clearer. And, it is spreading across the nation, as the most distant village and the farthest citizen begin to join the mainstream of national economy.

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Distinguished guests, India and Singapore have been together at many crossroads of time. Our relationship is written in the pages of history, the footprints of culture, the ties of kinship and the old connection of commerce. We stood together in friendship at the dawn of freedom; and, we reached out to each other in a partnership of shared hopes. Singapore’s success became an aspiration of Indians. And, in turn, India became the hope for a more peaceful, balanced and stable world. As India opened itself, Singapore became India’s springboard to the world and gateway to the East. No one worked harder for it and no one deserved more credit for it than Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong. He reconnected India to Singapore and the region. He also opened my eyes to its vast prospects. Today, Singapore is one of our most important partners in the world. It is a relationship that is as strategic as it is wideranging. We have comprehensive defence and security relations. It flows out of shared interests and a common vision. Singapore holds regular exercises with and in India.

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Singapore is the biggest investment source and destination for India in the world; the world’s most connected nation to India; the largest trading partner in Southeast Asia; and, a popular destination for tourists and students. Now, as we build the India of our dreams, Singapore is already a major partner in that enterprise: world class human resources, smart cities, clean rivers, clean energy, or next generation sustainable infrastructure. Starting from the first IT Park in Bengaluru, it now includes the newest state capital in India, Amravati in Andhra Pradesh. Our partnership will expand as our economies grow and the framework of trade and investment improves further. But, I have always seen Singapore in loftier terms. Singapore’s success in overcoming odds leads me to seek a partnership that addresses the challenges of the 21st century — from food and water to clean energy and sustainable habitats. And, in many ways, Singapore will also influence the course of our region in this century. Mr. Prime Minister, Distinguished members, This area covers the arc of Asia Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions. However we choose to define it, the underlining theme of connected histories and interconnected destinies stand out clearly.

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This is a region of expanding freedom and prosperity. It is home to two of the most populous nations; some of the world’s largest economies; and, the world’s most talented and hard working people. Asia’s re-emergence is the greatest phenomenon of our era. From the darkness of the middle of the last century, Japan led Asia’s rise. It then extended to Southeast Asia, Korea and China. And, India is now the bright hope for sustaining Asian dynamism and prosperity. But, this is also a region with many unsettled questions and unresolved disputes; of competing claims and contested norms; of expanding military power and extending shadow of terrorism; and, uncertainties on seas and vulnerability in cyber space. The region is not an island in a vast ocean, but deeply connected and influenced by the world beyond. We are also a region of disparities within and between states; where the challenges of habitats, food and water remain; where our gifts of nature and wealth of traditions feel the pressure of rapid progress; and, our agriculture and islands are threatened by climate change. Asia has seen some of these at different points of its history. But, it has probably never been here before. And, Asia is still finding a path through its multiple transitions to a peaceful, stable and prosperous future.

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It is a journey that must succeed. And, Singapore and India must work together to realize it. India’s history has been inseparable from Asia. There were times when we turned inwards. And now, as we reintegrate more closely with Asia, we are returning to history. We are retracing our ancient maritime and land routes with the natural instincts of an ancient relationship. And, in the course of last 18 months, my government has engaged more with this region than any other in the world. From a new opening with Pacific Island Nations, Australia and Mongolia to more intense engagement with China, Japan, Korea and ASEAN members, we have pursued our vision with purpose and vigour. India and China share a boundary and five millennia of continuous engagement. Monks and merchants have nurtured our ties and enriched our societies. It is a history reflected in the 7th century journey of Xuanzang that I have had the privilege of connecting, from my birthplace in Gujarat to Xian in China, where President Xi hosted me this May. We see it in religious texts written in Sanskrit, Pali, and Chinese; in the letters of the past, exchanged with warmth and grace; in India’s famous tanchoi sarees; and, in Cinapatta, the Sanskrit name for silk.

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Today, we constitute two-fifth of humanity and two of the world’s fastest growing major economies. China’s economic transformation is an inspiration for us. And, as it rebalances its economy, and as India steps up the pace of its growth, we can both reinforce each other’s progress. And, we can advance stability and prosperity in our region. And, together, we can be more effective in addressing our common global challenges, from trade to climate change. We have our unresolved issues, including our boundary question, but we have been able to keep our border region peaceful and stable. And, we have agreed to strengthen strategic communication and expand convergences. We explore shared economic opportunities while addressing common threats like terrorism. India and China will engage constructively across the complexity of their relationship as two self-assured and confident nations, aware of their interests and responsibilities. Just as China’s rise has driven the global economy, the world looks to China to help advance global and regional peace and stability. India and Japan may have discovered each other somewhat later. But, my friend, Prime Minister Abe, showed me in the magnificent shrines of Kyoto the symbols of our much longer spiritual engagement.

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And, more than a hundred years ago, as Swami Vivekananda reached the shores of Japan, he exhorted the Indian youth to go East to Japan. Independent India took that advice seriously. There are few partnerships that enjoy so much goodwill in India as our relations with Japan. No nation has contributed so much to India’s modernization and progress than Japan — cars, metros and industrial parks, for example. And, no partner is likely to play as big a role in India’s transformation as Japan. We do more together now. We see this as a strategic partnership that is vital for securing a peaceful and stable Asia Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions. With Korea and Australia, our relationships started with strong economic foundations, and have become strategic in content. And, ASEAN is the anchor of our Act East policy. We are linked by geography and history, united against many common challenges and bounded by many shared aspirations. With each ASEAN member, we have deepening political, security, defence and economic ties. And, as ASEAN Community leads the way to regional integration, we look forward to a more dynamic partnership between India and ASEAN that holds rich potential for our 1.9 billion people.

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With almost the entire region, India has frameworks of economic cooperation. We want to be more deeply integrated with the regional economy. And, we will upgrade our partnership agreements and work for an early conclusion of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. In the flux and transition of our times, the most critical need in this region is to uphold and strengthen the rules and norms that must define our collective behaviour. This is why we must all come together, in East Asia Summit and other forums, to build a cooperative and collaborative future, not on the strength of a few, but on the consent of all. India will work with countries in the region and beyond, including the United States and Russia, our East Asia Summit partners, to ensure that our commons — ocean, space and cyber — remain avenues of shared prosperity, not become new theatres of contests. India will lend its strength to keep the seas safe, secure and free for the benefit of all. This is an age of inter-dependence when nations must come together, to realize the promise of this century. We must also do so because our pressing challenges are not from one another, but common to each of us. Terrorism is one such major global challenge, and a force larger than individual groups. Its shadow stretches across our societies and our nations, both in recruitment and choice of targets. It does not just take a toll of lives, but can derail economies.

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The world must speak in one voice and act in unison. There will be political, legal, military and intelligence efforts. But, we must do more. Countries also must be held accountable for sanctuaries, support, arms and funds. Nations must cooperate more with each other. Societies must reach out within and to each other. We must delink terrorism from religion, and assert the human values that define every faith. We are a few days away from Paris, where we must achieve concrete outcome, in accordance with the principles of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. This is especially important for our region, particularly the small island states. Friends, Ours is a region of enormous promise. But, we know that enduring peace and prosperity are not inevitable. So, we must work hard to realize our vision of an Asian Century. Asia has the wisdom of its ancient cultures and all the great religions of the world. It also has the energy and drive of youth. As Asia’s first Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore predicted on a visit to this region nearly a century ago, Asia is regaining its self-consciousness for realization of its own self.

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Here in Singapore, where the region’s currents merge; its diversity converges; ideas meet; and, aspirations gather wings, I feel that we are closer to that vision than ever before. And as India pursues its transformation and strives for a peaceful and stable world, Singapore will be a major partner on that journey. Thank you.

Source: National Portal of India .

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NARENDRA MODI Mr Narendra Modi was elected Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014 following a decisive election victory by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). During eighteen months as Prime Minister, Mr Modi has initiated numerous good governance initiatives aimed at transforming India. The focus of his policies has been to improve the lives of the poor and enhance India’s economic development and inclusive growth. Under his leadership, the government, apart from pursuing prudent macroeconomic policies, is attempting to harness technology as a multiplier in the country’s growth in a major way. A major effort in this direction has been to revamp social welfare policies through JAM — Jan Dhan (“people’s money”), Aadhaar (“basis”) and Mobile — by linking bank accounts with unique identification numbers and mobile money platforms to effect better targeted welfare benefit transfers. This has led to more than 190 million poor people to open their bank accounts. Also, new social security schemes especially tailored for the poor are now enabling over 120 million of them access to insurance and assured income in old age. In addition, the government’s pursuit of ease-of-doingbusiness and improving infrastructure, and flagship programmes like Make in India and Digital India, are reshaping the business landscape in the country, making India the fastest growing major economy today.

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Born on 17 September 1950 into a poor family in the western Indian state of Gujarat, Mr Modi spent his childhood struggling with his family to make ends meet. His formative years left a strong imprint on him and pushed him towards an inclination for public service and spiritualism. He joined politics in 1987 and later rose through the ranks in the party while making a mark as a gifted political organiser. In 2001, he became the Chief Minister of Gujarat and served four terms until May 2014 when he was elected as the Prime Minister. During his tenure as Chief Minister, he transformed Gujarat, which was reeling from the after-effects of a devastating earthquake, into a major growth engine for the country. Beyond politics, Mr Modi enjoys writing. He has authored several books, including some poetry in Hindi and Gujarati. He is active on social media and also reaches out to the common man through his monthly radio programme Mann ki Baat (“On my Mind”).

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THE SINGAPORE LECTURE SERIES

Inaugural Singapore Lecture 14 October 1980 The Invisible Hand in Economics and Politics by MILTON FRIEDMAN Professor of Economics, University of Chicago 2nd Singapore Lecture 30 October 1981 American Foreign Policy: A Global View by HENRY KISSINGER U.S. Secretary of State 3rd Singapore Lecture 2 December 1982 Peace and East-West Relations by GISCARD D’ESTAING President of France 4th Singapore Lecture 10 November 1983 The Soviet Union: Challenges and Responses as Seen from the European Point of View by HELMUT SCHMIDT Chancellor of the Republic of Germany 5th Singapore Lecture 8 November 1984 The Future of the Western Alliance and Its Implications for Asia by JOSEPH M.A.H. LUNS Secretary-General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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22 6th Singapore Lecture 5 December 1985 Deficits, Debts, and Demographics: Three Fundamentals Affecting Our Long-Term Economic Future by PETER G. PETERSON Chairman of the Blackstone Group 7th Singapore Lecture 25 November 1986 Trends in the International Financial System by RAYMOND BARRE Prime Minister of France 8th Singapore Lecture 27 November 1987 The Challenge of Change in the Asia-Pacific Region by BOB HAWKE Prime Minister of Australia 9th Singapore Lecture 14 December 1988 Regionalism, Globalism and Spheres of Influence: ASEAN and the Challenge of Change into the 21st Century by MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD Prime Minister of Malaysia 10th Singapore Lecture 15 October 1989 Trade Outlook: Globalization or Regionalization by BRIAN MULRONEY Prime Minister of Canada 11th Singapore Lecture 3 April 1991 International Economic Developments by R.F.M. LUBBERS Prime Minister of the Netherlands

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23 12th Singapore Lecture 4 January 1992 U.S. Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region: Meeting the Challenges of the Post Cold-War Era by GEORGE BUSH President of the United States of America 13th Singapore Lecture 8 September 1994 India and the Asia-Pacific: Forging a New Relationship by P.V. NARASIMHA RAO Prime Minister of India 14th Singapore Lecture 17 January 1996 Australia, Asia and the New Regionalism by PAUL KEATING Prime Minister of Australia 15th Singapore Lecture 14 January 1997 Reforms for the New Era of Japan and ASEAN: For a Broader and Deeper Partnership by RYUTARO HASHIMOTO Prime Minister of Japan 16th Singapore Lecture 6 March 1997 South and Southern Africa into the Next Century by NELSON R. MANDELA President of the Republic of South Africa 17th Singapore Lecture 30 November 1999 China and Asia in the New Century by ZHU RONGJI Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

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24 18th Singapore Lecture 14 February 2000 Global Values: The United Nations and the Rule of Law in the 21st Century by Kofi A. Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations 19th Singapore Lecture 27 November 2000 Peace on the Korean Peninsula and East Asia by KIM DAE-JUNG President of the Republic of Korea 20th Singapore Lecture 14 January 2002 Japan and ASEAN in East Asia: A Sincere and Open Partnership by JUNICHIRO KOIZUMI Prime Minister of Japan 21st Singapore Lecture 9 April 2002 India’s Perspectives on ASEAN and the Asia-Pacific Region by ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE Prime Minister of India 22nd Singapore Lecture 6 July 2002 EU-Asia Relations: Sharing Diversity in an Inter-regional Partnership by ROMANO PRODI President of the European Commission 23rd Singapore Lecture 13 May 2003 Investments into the Future: State and Economy at the Beginning of the 21st Century by GERHARD SCHRÖDER Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany

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25 24th Singapore Lecture 30 April 2004 Global Challenges in the 21st Century: A View from Chile by Ricardo Lagos President of Chile 25th Singapore Lecture 16 February 2005 Indonesia: The Challenge of Change by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono President of the Republic of Indonesia 26th Singapore Lecture 21 April 2005 Africa’s Season of Hope: The Dawn of a New Africa-Asia Partnership by thabo mvuyelwa mbeki President of the Republic of South Africa 27th Singapore Lecture 1 February 2006 Evolution of Enlightened Societies on Our Planet by A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM President of the Republic of India 28th Singapore Lecture 11 April 2006 Asia-Middle East Cooperation: Opportunities and Challenges by PRINCE suLtan bin abdul aziz al-sAud Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 29th Singapore Lecture 12 August 2008 Australia, Singapore, Our Region and the World by kevin rudd Prime Minister of Australia

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26 30th Singapore Lecture 23 October 2009 Towards New Global Partnerships: Economics, Governance, Values by JAN PETER BALKENENDE Prime Minister of the Netherlands 31st Singapore Lecture 2 June 2011 by ANGELA MERKEL Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany 32nd Singapore Lecture 13 March 2012 The Importance of Governance for Sustainable Developments by HELEN CLARK Administrator of the UN Development Programme and Former Prime Minister of New Zealand 33rd Singapore Lecture 26 July 2013 Japan and ASEAN, Always in Tandem: Towards a More Advantageous Win-Win Relationship through My “Three Arrows” by SHINZO ABE Prime Minister of Japan 34th Singapore Lecture 22 April 2014 The Future of ASEAN by HIS MAJESTY SULTAN HAJI HASSANAL BOLKIAH MU’IZZADDIN WADDAULAH Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam 35th Singapore Lecture 29 June 2015 Our Common Challenges: Strengthening Security in the Region by TONY ABBOTT Prime Minister of Australia

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27 36th Singapore Lecture 7 November 2015 Forging a Strong Partnership to Enhance Prosperity of Asia by Xi Jinping President of the People’s Republic of China 37th Singapore Lecture 23 November 2015 India’s Singapore Story by narendra modi Prime Minister of India

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