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Urdu Pages [117]
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1
(Introduction of Biology)
3
2
1.1
3 5
4
7 3
6
3 9
8
1.2
11 3
10
13 3
12
15 3
14
17 3
16
17 3
18
2
(Solving A Biological Problem)
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20
2.1
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25
24
2٧
2٦
٢٩
2٨
٣١
٣٠
3
( Biodiversity )
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32
3.1
35
34
3.2
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36
3.3
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40
3.4
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42
3.5
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3.6
.1 .2 .3
.1 .2 .3
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30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
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50
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4
(Cell and Tissues)
hcamotS
evitcennoc esooL eussit
radnomoulB loC muilehtipe
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4.1
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4.2
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60
1665
1670
1683
1833
1839
1839
1840 1845
1855
1862
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64
1-1000 µm
1-10 µm
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70
H2O
H2O
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72
Na+ + -
- + + K
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78
4.3
µm µm
µm
6
(30µ
µm)
6
(10µ
1 µm)
600µ
2
5400 µm 600 µm
2
2
16,200 µm2
5400 µm
2
16,200 µm2
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4.4
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5
(Cell Cycle)
M G0
DNA
G2
G1 DNA
s
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5.1
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99
5.2
5.3
101
100
103
102
5.4
5.5
105
104
107
106
109
108
111
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112
6
( Enzymes )
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6.2
6.1
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116
O
37 C
0
10
20
30
40
50
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118
+ 6.3
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120
6.4
123
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7
(Bioenergetics)
1 2
6
5
3
4
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126
7.1
e
Ae
A
B
e e
B
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128
+
+ Light 6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll
P
P
P
A ATP
P
P
A
+ P +
ADP
CO2+H2O
(7.3 Kcal/mole)
+
7.2
131
130
ATP
ADP
Pi
133
132
NADPH
ATP
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134
30OC, 0.15% CO2 C B
20OC, 0.16% CO2 O
O
20 C, 30 C, 0.05% CO2 A Z
7.3
137
136
+ C6H12O6 + 6O2
+ C6H12O6
+
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + ATP
+ C6H12O6
2C3H6O3+ 2CO2 + ATP
+ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
+
139
138
2ATP 2x
2x 2x 2x
+2CO2
+ C6H12O6 + 6O2
2ATP
4CO 2
34 ATP
O2
H 2O
+
+
6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
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8
(Nutrition)
147
O2
146
Co2
H2O
6CO2 + 12H20
C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
8.1
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8.2
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8.3
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8.4
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9
(Transport)
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9.1
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9.2
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9.3
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9.4
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9.5
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