Hawaiian-English Dictionary 9780824896010

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HAWAIIAN-ENGLISH

DICTIONARY

HAWAIIAN - ENGLISH BY

MARY KAWENA PUKUI ASSOCIATE IN HAWAIIAN CULTURE / B. P. BISHOP MUSEUM

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS - 1965

DICTIONARY

AND

SAMUEL H. E L B E R T PROFESSOR OF PACIFIC LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS / UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII

COPYRIGHT 1957 BY T H E UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS Library of Congress Catalog Card No.

57-8903

First edition, 1957 Second edition, 1961 Third edition, 1965

Manufactured

in Honolulu, Hawaii,

The Mission Press

by

CONTENTS Page

Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Previous Editions Acknowledgments Notes on Hawaiian Grammar 1. Introduction 2. Sounds 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5.

Consonants Vowels, stress, and intonation Fast speech Loan words Relative frequency of sounds

vii ix xiv xvii xvii xvii xvii xviii xix xix

3. Words

xix

3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7.

xix xix xx xxi xxii xxii xxii

Minor words Minor words: pronouns Minor words: demonstratives Minor words: possessives Numerals Interjections M a j o r words

4. Particles 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5.

Substantive markers of case Plural markers Verb markers of aspect, mood, a n d tense Conjunctions Nondetermining particles after words

5. Processes 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6.

Prefixing Suffixing Compounding Reduplicating Lengthening of vowel for emphasis Lengthening of vowel to form a plural

6. Sentences 6.1. Order within t h e phrase 6.2. Functions a n d order of phrases

7. Questions

xxii xxiii xxiii xxiii xxiv xxiv

xxvi

xxvi xxvii xxviii xxviii xxix xxix

xxix xxix xxix

xxx

Arrangement of the Dictionary

xxx

Pronunciation of Hawaiian

xxxi

Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary

xxxii

Hawaiian-English Dictionary

1

Supplement to the Dictionary A. New Entries and Meanings B. Hawaiian Reflexes of Proto-Polynesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

359 359

Bibliography of Important Works Consulted

367

364

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

Almost immediately after the publication of the first edition of the HawaiianEnglish Dictionary in 1957, the compilers began work on the companion EnglishHawaiian Dictionary, which was published in 1964. Preparation of the latter book, and work with both Ii's Fragments of Hawaiian History (1959) and Kamakau's Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii (1961) have uncovered about 500 new words and refinements of meanings of rare terms. These have been augmented by contributions from Dorothy B. Barrere, associate in Hawaiian culture, Bishop Museum, Honolulu. In addition, scientists have contributed a number of new scientific terms. All these changes and additions are either incorporated into the body of the third edition of the Hawaiian-English Dictionary or presented in Section A of the Supplement. Many students of Hawaiian, especially David L. Dressel and 0 . Southard, have patiently studied every page of the Dictionary in search of printing errors or stylistic inconsistencies. The Proto-Polynesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions following many entries in the Dictionary have been re-checked in the light of recent linguistic studies, and the results are given in Section B of the Supplement, although numerous changes have been made in the body of the book. It is recommended that serious students of Hawaiian refer to the third edition of the Dictionary, rather than to the first two editions, because of the many alterations which have been made throughout the volume. The authors are deeply grateful to five local foundations for their financial support and to Thomas Niekerson, director of the University of Hawaii Press, who enlisted their interest in this revised and enlarged edition. Without their generosity and Mr. Nickerson's farseeing direction, it could not have appeared. The foundations are: the Juliette M. Atherton Trust, the Samuel N. and Mary Castle Foundation, the Charles M. and Anna C. Cooke Trust, the Frear Eleemosynary Trust, and the Mclnerny Foundation. This edition was produced under the supervision of Robert VV. Sparks, present managing editor of the Press, whose patience and forbearance are greatly appreciated. Since long before 1957 the authors have been thankful to two other persons: Aldyth V. Morris, formerly managing editor of the University of Hawaii Press, for her wise planning and meticulous attention to every entry in both the HawaiianEnglish and the English-Hawaiian dictionaries, and Jean Chariot, senior professor of art at the University, for the beauty and appropriateness of the books' design. Because of the unusual talents of these two, daily use of the dictionaries, by the compilers at least, has been both utilitarianly effective and aesthetically satisfying. M. K. P. S. H. E.

PREFACE TO THE PREVIOUS EDITIONS

He loa ka 'imina o ke ala o Hawai'i 'imi loa. Long is the search for the way of Hawaii's thinkers. The earliest known list of Hawaiian words is printed in Volume III of Captain James Cook's A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean and was compiled in 1778, the year of Cook's discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. This list includes some 250 words spelled in an English-like orthography : ee for today's i, as in eeheu (ihu), nose; oo for today's u, as in nooe (nui ), large; and y for today's ai, as in myty (maika'i ), good. Subsequent lists, prepared by Manuel Quimper in about 1791, by Urey Lisiansky in 1804, by Archibald Campbell in 1809, and by J. Arago in 1819, contain from about 170 to 400 words, and are written in orthographies that suggest the spelling habits of the Spanish, Russian, British, and French compilers. These and other early vocabularies have been described by Samuel H. Elbert (see Bibliography). In 1829 the missionaries decided to end this spelling diversity, and they adopted by vote an alphabet with vowels corresponding to the so-called continental sound values and with the usual English values of the consonants. C. M. Wise and Wesley Hervey have described the dramatic tale of the fashioning of this alphabet. The ease with which Hawaiians young and old learned to read and write is an indication of its success. The more ambitious project of writing a dictionary of the Hawaiian language has been attempted some nine times since 1836, as appears from the following list of works containing 3,700 or more words. In each case the number of words is approximate. Year

Author

1836

Andrews

1843

Mosblech

Number of Words

15,000 8,500 115,000(?) 1 4,000 16,000 16,000(?) 15,500(?)

Hawaiian-English Marquesan- and Hawaiian-French French-Marquesan and -Hawaiian English-Hawaiian French-Hawaiian Hawaiian-English English-Hawaiian English-Hawaiian Hawaiian-English Hawaiian-English

1 4,500 I 6,000 25,000

English-Hawaiian Hawaiian-English Hawaiian-English

5,700 1 3,700 1 1 4.000

1845 1855

Emerson and Bishop Remy

1865

Andrews

1887 1922 1940(?)

Hitchcock Andrews-Parker Andrews reprint (Hong Kong)

1945

Judd-Pukui-Stokes

1957

Pukui-Elbert

The outstanding contributions have been those of Lorrin Andrews (1795-1868). His first book, published in 1836, was the basis for his greatly expanded work of 1865. Except for rearrangement according to the English alphabet and a surprising deletion of all Biblical references, the revised Andrews-Parker work of 1922 is nearly

— Preface

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the same as the 1865 volume. Apparently only 400 copies of the Andrews-Parker dictionary were printed, of which 100 were given away. Within a year it was unobtainable except occasionally in second-hand stores at a very high price. Because of this, and because so many common words are not listed in the Andrews-Parker dictionary, the present authors were detailed in 1949 to prepare a new work or to revise and expand the old one. The story of this undertaking is briefly told below. The first task involved determination of policy, and an advisory committee was appointed. It soon became apparent that thoroughgoing changes were necessary in the Andrews-Parker dictionary if it were to be in line with present-day lexicography, and that it would be neither accurate nor ethical to call the new work a revision of the previous dictionary. For one thing, the number of entries (as defined below) has been increased from approximately 14,000 in the earlier work to about 25,000 in this one. As indicative of the increase: the old volume has some 6 types of aha'aina (feast) compared with 23 in this work, some 49 types of hale (house) compared with 133, and 2 types of palapala (document) compared with 63. The number of illustrative phrases and sentences has been greatly increased and the system of cross references expanded. In spite of these significant increases, the new book has fewer pages than the old one, due part ly to the type size used and partly to the elimination of questionable entries and duplicate definitions, and because every definition has been rewritten to eliminate padding and definitions within definitions. The principal sources examined for words are listed in the Bibliography. Hawaiian quotations from these sources were rewritten to conform with the dictionary style, and glottal stops and macrons added. For some volumes, as the Bible, Fornander, Kepelino, Laicikawai, and the Kumulipo, English translations are available. Each translation in the dictionary, however, has been rephrased quite literally for the purpose of showing the value of each word. At times this has resulted in awkwardness or redundancy which could have been avoided only by a freer translation. There follows a summary of the sources most assiduously examined, in addition to the previous dictionaries, and many unpublished notes, letters, word lists, and texts, most of which arc in the Bishop Museum library. Documentation of these and other works consulted is in the Bibliography. Legends: Fornander, Beckwith's Laieikawai. Chants: Emerson's Pele and Hiiaka and Unwritten Literature, Beckwith's Kumulipo, Pukui's unpublished chants. Sayings: Pukui's unpublished sayings. Newspapers: Ka Na'i Aupuni, Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Texts: Beckwith's Kepelino, McGuire. Christian writings: Ka Baibala, 1941; Ke Alanui o Ka Lani: Oia ka Manuale Kakolika. Material culture: Te Rangi Hiroa. Laws: Moolelo o na liana o ka Hale o na Lunamakaainana, legal notices in Ka Hoku o Hawaii. Plants: Neal, Handy, Whitney. Fish: Titcomb. Shore and reef fauna: Edmondson. Stars: Makemson. Games: Mitchell. Arithmetic: Thomson. Military: He Kumu Paikau. An article by Bruce Biggs influenced the description of possessives in the grammatical notes. The Proto-Polynesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions are based largely on works by Dempwolff, Dyen, and Elbert. In general, Mary Kawena Pukui has been responsible for the accuracy of the meanings of the Hawaiian words, and Samuel H. Elbert for the technical aspects of presentation. Many problems arose during the years of work, the most important of which are briefly described below. 1. Description versus p r e s c r i p t i o n . Is the function of dictionaries to prescribe what the compilers consider the best usage, or is it to describe the actual usage of cultivated speakers? Statements in the prefaces to English dictionaries over—

x

—

— Preface

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whelmingly indorse the descriptive approach. This m a t t e r is of sufficient importance t o j u s t i f y inclusion of a few statements of creed: J o h n S. Kenyon, in Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition (1934), " T h e function of a pronouncing dictionary is to record as far as possible t h e pronunciations prevailing in the best usage, rather t h a n to a t t e m p t to dictate w h a t t h e usage should be. In so far as a dictionary m a y be known and acknowledged as a f a i t h f u l recorder and interpreter of such usage, so far and no farther m a y it be appealed to as an a u t h o r i t y . " (p. xxvi) NBC Handbook of Pronunciation (1943), " M a k e r s of pronouncing dictionaries are inevitably confronted by at least two alternatives: recording what should be pronounced and what is pronounced. The latter seems reasonable and worthy of a t t e m p t . " (p. x) Clarence L. B a r n h a r t , editor-in-chief, The American College Dictionary (1947), " T h i s dictionary records the usage of the speakers and writers of our language; no dictionary founded on the methods of modern scholarship can prescribe as to usage; it can only inform on the basis of the facts of usage. A good dictionary is a guide to usage mucli as a good m a p tells you the nature of the terrain over which you may want to travel. I t is not the function of the dictionary-maker to tell you how to speak, any more than it is the function of the m a p m a k e r t o move rivers or rearrange mountains or fill in lakes. A dictionary should tell you what is commonly accepted usage a n d wherein different classes of speakers or regions differ in their use of language." (p. ix) T h e implications of the descriptive approach pervade every aspect of the lexicographer's trade. He is permitted no personal predilections for words of native origin as opposed to words from foreign sources, for ancient words as opposed to newer ones, for words of one standard dialect as opposed to another, for pronunciations conforming to the spelling as opposed to pronunciations heard in the fast colloquial conversation of cultivated speakers. l i e must not frame condemnatory definitions of customs of which he may not privately approve, nor on the other hand may he glorify the past or purge from it what he may deplore. Nor may he blanch a t risqué terms. In short, he is a reporter and in Iris role of lexicographer he never takes the p a r t of teacher, missionary, innovator, or purist. 2. T h e c o n c e p t of a d i c t i o n a r y entry. The Andrews-Parker system of entries seems to have been based on translation into English. All the meanings of maika'i, for example, t h a t could be translated by English nouns (as beauty, goodness) constituted one entry. T h e meanings t h a t might be translated by English adjectives (externally good, handsome, beautiful, morally good) constituted another entry. T h e meanings t h a t might be translated b y English verbs (to be handsome, to be pleasing to the sight, to be good) constituted a third entry. T h e present compilers have treated all of these as a single entry, as m a n y Hawaiian words can be translated by English nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Similarly, some eleven meanings of pua t h a t may be translated by English nouns form a single entry in the Andrews-Parker volume; in this new book the words spelled p-u-a t h a t have widely differing meanings constitute different entries. This new conception of an entry necessitated a complete rearrangement of the material and has resulted in avoiding much repetition. I t has also m e a n t abandonment of English grammatical t e r m s such as noun, verb, adjective, and adverb, as in Hawaiian these are syntactic subclasses rather t h a n m a j o r form classes. —

x i

—

— Preface

—

3. Spelling. The principal difficulties involve indication of the glottal stop and macron, the spelling of loan words, and the indication or omission of the w-glide. The necessity for showing the glottal stop and the macron (as a symbol of both vowel length and of stress that does not conform to the predictable pattern) is attested by such pairs as ko'u (my) and kou (your), malama (light) and malama (care). No stress mark other than the macron is necessary: vowels with macrons and diphthongs are always stressed; vowels in words consisting of a single syllable (except the clitics) are always stressed; other vowels are stressed if they occur in positions described in the table in section 4.5, Grammar. Vowels not marked with macrons are short; this need not be shown with a breve. Many Hawaiian words borrowed from English words beginning with sounds not found in Hawaiian (b, d, g, j, r, s, t, v, z) are omitted from the Andrews-Parker dictionary. In the present work they are entered as commonly pronounced by Hawaiians, that is, with Hawaiian sounds. (Substitutes of Hawaiian sounds for English sounds are listed in Grammar 2.4.) Thus the Hawaiian word for baptize is entered papekiko, bapetiso, and the word for room is entered lumi, rumi. Words variously spelled with and without the u>-glide (koali and koivali, alia and uwila) presented another problem. The difference between the two members of each of these pairs, and hundreds of others, is purely graphic, that is, exists in the spelling and not in the pronunciation. Rules were drafted for an objective determination of a preferred spelling. The definitions are given under the preferred spellings, with cross references from other spellings found frequently in published form. 4. Obsolete words. Hours were spent attempting to analyze the hundreds of words in Andrews-Parker which were completely unknown to the compilers. Some proved to be misspellings or garbled phrases, sayings, or poetical expressions written as single words, and could be eliminated or entered elsewhere. Others that could not be found in the oldest legends and chants proved a real problem. Rather than assume the responsibility for omitting them the compilers decided to enter them with Andrews-Parker as the source. 5. Scope. Names of persons and places in Hawaiian are probably as numerous as other types of words. Frequently their interpretation depends on local knowledge and even then may be subject to controversy. Early in this study it was therefore deemed unnecessary to include proper names except those in very common use, as the names of the islands, of the major gods, and of winds and rains frequently mentioned in poetry. Another limitation is that there has not been included a statement of the derivation of many Riblical words, as without study of the missionary translators' work manuals it is often impossible to know whether the source of a particular word is Hebrew, Greek, Latin, or English. A completely new feature of this dictionary is the incorporation of ProtoPolynesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian reconstructions by Ronald R. Brown. An example is the following (which comes at the end of the entry following lani, 1, sky): (PPN langi; P M P langil). This means that langi is the hypothetical reconstructed form in the Proto-Polynesian language spoken by the ancestors of the Hawaiians before the separation of the Polynesian peoples; this reconstruction is based largely on the form in use today in Tongan, Uvean, or Futunan, which languages have preserved more archaic features than any other Polynesian languages thus far recognized. Similarly, langil is the hypothetical reconstructed form — x ii —

— Preface

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in the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language, the ancestor of Proto-Polynesian, spoken much earlier, before the separation of the Polynesian and other peoples from the Indonesians; this form can be reconstructed only when cognates are unmistakably present among Indonesian languages, as Javanese, Malay, Tagalog, or Malagasy. In the present work only those reconstructions are listed of which there can be little doubt, based on the present state of Malayo-Polynesian studies, and only those found in Indonesia as well as in western Polynesia. A reconstruction is acceptable only if the meanings of the cognate forms in the related languages are similar, and if the sounds of the cognates in the various languages are in accord with certain tables of sound correspondences, as published by DempwolfF, Dyen, and Elbert. The symbols used are those established by Dyen for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian and by Elbert for Proto-Polynesian, except that a herein may be interpreted as Elbert's "a, or e before t" or "a, or o before u." The velar nasal is written "ng." (See Supplement, section B ) It is impossible to tally the enormous number of man-hours behind a dictionary —the senior author has been working more than two decades assembling data. Some have questioned the propriety of "exposing the bones of the ancients," a Hawaiian expression of scorn for one who reveals the secrets of the ancestors. For the authors there have been dissatisfaction and frustration in the realization that in spite of years of dedicated work, it is impossible to record any language completely. How true this seems of Hawaiian, with its rich and varied background, its many idioms heretofore undescribed, and its ingenious and sophisticated use of figurative language. Thousands of pages have been printed in Hawaiian. These may be classified approximately as follows: (1) Texts concerned with ancient Hawaii, especially the chants and legends; they contain a wealth of names for stars, plants, fish, winds, rains, clouds, and objects of material culture. (2) Texts dealing with the period of the monarchy. With the coming of Christianity and the goods of modern civilization, hundreds of words were introduced into Hawaiian, mostly from English. (3) Texts published since Annexation, beginning with a translation of the Organic Act and continuing with names for technological advances and including rccent vocabulary additions of World War II. The present work cannot hope to achieve complete coverage of a history as rich and complex as this one. Many more years of work and more workers would have been needed. A complete lexicon is a picture of the whole of the life of today and of yesterday. But at least the present compilers can say, " Ua 'imihia ka mano wai o ko Hawaii kupuna: the many sources of waters and life of Hawaii's ancestors have been sought after." MARY KAWENA SAMUEL I I .

University of Hawaii June, 1957

— x iii

PUKUI

ELBERT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many people have helped in the compiling of this dictionary. First mention muist go to the financial supporters who made the work possible. These include the Territory of Hawaii legislators, who made the original appropriation; the Bernice P. Bishop Museum and the University of Hawaii, who allowed the compilers to perfoirm portions of the task as part of their regular duties, and especially the University jfor permitting the junior compiler to devote his sabbatical leave to the dictionary; aind the Mclnerny Foundation for grants to the senior compiler. The Hawaiian dictionary committee has also helped in many ways. In addition to the compilers, t h e committee members include the chairman, Dr. Kenneth P. Emory, and the late Peter H. Buck, the late Reverend Henry P. Judd, Dorothy I. George, E. S. C. Handy, the Reverend Edward Kahale, the Reverend Samuel A. Iieala, Henry E. P. Kekahuna, and Theodore Kelsey. An outstanding contribution to the dictionary was made by Henry E. P. Kekahuna and Theodore Kelsey, who generously permitted study of their voluminous notes containing the fruit of more than half a century of association with learmed Hawaiians, and who made a great many constructive suggestions in their review of large portions of the manuscript. The value of the work was enhanced also by Ma rie C. Neal, botanist at the Bishop Museum, whose monumental contribution included descriptions of some 2,200 plant entries. Others who were constantly called upon for help throughout the years include K. P. Emory, who was one of the first to insiist on the need of a new dictionary; Thomas Nickerson, chairman of the University of Hawaii Press committee; Alexander Spoehr, Director of the Bishop Museum; E. H. Bryan, Jr., Curator of Collections of the Bishop Museum, who described the birds and other animals and reviewed the entire manuscript; William A. Gosline, professor of Zoology at the University, who checked approximately 120 fish entries; and Charles H. Edmondson, marine zoologist at the Bishop Museum, who identified shore and reef fauna. Of those working on the manuscript, special mention must be made of three persons whose vital assistance extended over many years. Aldyth V. Morris, managing editor of the University of Hawaii Press, was most helpful in working out the intricacies of dictionary style and in carefully analyzing every entry from the technical viewpoint. Dorothy I. George, associate professor of English at the University, read the entire manuscript of more than 2,200 pages, as well as all the galley proofs, and made many helpful suggestions as to the quality of the English. Most of the manuscript was typed by Patience Namaka Bacon, whose knowledge of Hawaiian was invaluable. Visual effects were devised by Jean Chariot, not only an artist but a devoted student of the Hawaiian language. The printing of the book was done by the Advertiser Publishing Company, Limited, under the direction of Meiric K. Dutton, and the authors and publisher are grateful to him and to Charles K. O'Bevan, head of the Advertiser's monotype department, for the scrupulous care exercised to insure accuracy and attractiveness. —

x i V

— Acknowledgments

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T h e grammatical notes were read by Harold C. Conklin of Columbia University, Isidore Dyen of Yale University, and Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr., of the University of Hawaii, all of whose comments were most helpful. Grateful acknowledgement is given also to Ronald R. Brown, who prepared the 214 Proto-Polynesian and ProtoMalayo-Polynesian entries; to Paolo Comba, who assembled the data for the section on the relative frequency of sounds; and to Ruby Kawena Kinney, who made an important contribution to the part of the grammar dealing with fast speech and who helped in many other ways, including proofreading. Lexicographers are called upon for highly technical definitions in subjects as diverse as law and medicine, agriculture and fishing, religion and dancing, and music and poultry. The compilers of the Hawaiian dictionary have relied on the following, who, in addition to those already named, have been generous of their time and special knowledge: Col. Charles D. Calley, military science; the late C. Montague Cooke, land shells; M a r t h a Poepoe Hohu, music; the Reverend Edward Kahale, Protestant writings; Dorothy Mitchell Kahananui, music; Edwina Noelani Kanoho, music; the late Daniel K. Keohokapu, Hawaiiana; the Reverend Samuel A. Keala, Protestant writings; the Reverend Charles A. Kekumano, Catholic writings; Dr. Yoshio Kondo, land shells; Dr. Nils P. Larsen, medicine; Kenneth L. Lau, legal terms; the late George Miranda, Hawaiiana; Donald D. Mitchell, games; Helen C. Norton, medicine; Rabbi Alexander Segel, Hebrew; Major D. N. Sproul, military science; Amy Suehiro, entomology. Others helped in the search for words, the checking of definitions and of references, and the proofreading, including Oswald A. Bushnell, Jesse W. Dykes, Elizabeth Nalani Ellis, Edwina Noelani Kanoho, Sarah Konia, Elspeth Sterling, Margaret Suyeoka, Emily Sharpe Wong, and Stanley Yamamoto. Librarians in charge of the volumes of Hawaiiana have been helpful in bringing important sources to the attention of the compilers, especially Janet E. Bell of the University of Hawaii, Margaret Titcomb of the Bishop Museum, Willowdean C. Handy of the Hawaiian Historical Society, and Bernice Judd of the Hawaiian Mission Children's Society. Miss Judd provided the 1835 primer attributed to Hiram Bingham containing the Hawaiian alphabet used for the letter entries in the dictionary. Other collections of Hawaiiana, word lists, and annotated dictionaries were loaned to the compilers by Mrs. Albert F. Judd, Mrs. Harvey M. Vollrath, and Robert Van Dyke. The Half Century Club furnished financial assistance for student help. Special appreciation is due also to Donald D. Mitchell, who supervised the students of the Kamehameha Schools Bishop Museum Workshop in their monumental task of mimeographing about three-quarters of the manuscript, and to the Stenographic Pool of the University of Hawaii, which completed this work. The compilers wish especially to thank M a r y S. Judd, formerly of the Bishop Museum, whose sunny spirit and helpfulness made the way throughout the years happier and easier. To all of these the compilers extend mahalo nui loa, at the same time insisting that none of them be held responsible for defects in the work; for these the compilers alone are responsible. Finally, thanks must go to the missionaries who worked for a century on their word lists and compilations, and most of all to the Hawaiians and Proto-Polynesians, who for perhaps two millenia lived and flourished within this rich and fascinating language, of which the Reverend Lorenzo Lyons wrote (The Friend, September, 1878): "I've studied Hawaiian for 46 years but am by no means perfect . . . it is an — xv

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— Acknowledgments

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interminable language . . . it is one of the oldest living languages of the earth, as some conjecture, and may well be classed among the b e s t . . . the thought to displace it, or to doom it to oblivion by substituting the English language, ought not for a moment to be indulged. Long live the grand old, sonorous, poetical Hawaiian language." M.K.P. S. H . E .

NOTES ON HAWAIIAN GRAMMAR

1. INTRODUCTION An analysis of the phonology and grammar of a language is a prerequisite to the compilation of a lexicon. The grammar of t h e Hawaiian language as worked out here is very different from the traditional analyses, some of which seemed to be based on Latin or English models. It therefore seems essential to present here some brief grammatical notes. Furthermore, certain complicated features of Hawaiian, such as pronouns, demonstratives, possessives, and particles, can be presented more clearly and systematically in a grammar than in a dictionary. 2. S O U N D S 2.1. C o n s o n a n t s . The consonants are described on page xxix A few additional remarks will lie made about k. the glottal stop, and w. T h e sound k is replaced by ! by some speakers sporadically, by all speakers on the island of Niihau, and often in chants; this substitution is not common after a pause. T h e glottal stop differs from other consonants in t h a t it may occur nonsigniflcantly before any vowel (especially a-) at the beginning of an utterance. Thus akamai is pronounced without a glottal stop within an uttorance, but if spoken alone or at the beginning of an utterance it may actually be pronounced 'akamai. In this position the glottal stop is not significant and ought not to be recorded unless it is heard in the same word within the body of an utterance. Indication of the glottal stop is f u r t h e r complicated by its omission in most texts. A helpful clue to its occurrence within texts is provided by the presonce of ke rather than ka before words beginning with oor e- without initial glottal stops, as in ke alolia and ke ehu. The necessary separation of the sounds w and u is shown by such contrasts as kaica, place for leaping, versus kaua, war; awe, thread, versus 'aui, to turn. In addition to the significant wsound, a predictable and phonetically identical u;-glide occurs between u and o and following vowels, as in 'uu-ala, sweet potato, and uwila, lightning. W after u may in fast speech be shortened to a similar glide, as in ko'u wa li'ili'i, my little time [youth). It is sometimes hard to know whether this phonetic glide is merely a glide or a significant sound t h a t distinguishes meaning, and the traditional spelling is not consistent. In the dictionary -w- after o- or u- is to be interpreted as a significant sound rather t h a n as a glide under these three conditions: (1) Before a final long vowel (kauwa, outcast, versus kaua, war, and kdwa, channel, versus koa, brave). (2) In loans derived from English words beginning

with w- (uwaki, watch, and uwapo, wharf). (3) When -w- introduces an independent root with related meaning. Uwali, smooth, contains the prefix u-, quality of, plus t h e root wali, smooth. 'Owela, warm, contains the prefix '5-, somewhat, plus the root wela, hot. T h e word sometimes written uwahi, smoke, is preferably written uahi because there is no semantic connection between wahi in this word and words pronounced wahi, as these mean "place" and "some." Forms written uahi and uwahi are pronounced the same and are merely variant spellings. Variant spellings are very numerous (as kauila, kauwila; koali, kowali; 'uala, 'uwala; ueko, uweko; uila, uwila). In the dictionary both spellings are entered if each occurs frequently in writing, but t h e definition follows the preferred form, as determined by the three conditions just stated. A similar (/-glide occurs between i or e and a following a, and is particularly noticeable before a, as in the particle ia. But unlike the tt'-glide, this sound occurs only in predictable environments and never serves to distinguish meaning. It is therefore not written, but is nevertheless pronounced. A few speakers use English sounds in words borrowed from English (section 2.4), especially b. d, f , q, r, s, and z, and the common exclamation usually written ka is usually pronounced sa or cha, often with a vowel suggesting that in English hat. A consonant occurs only before a vowel; thus two consonants never occur in succession and a syllable always ends with a vowel.

2.2. Vowels, Stress, and Intonation.

The

vow els are described on page xxix. They occur with and without the macron, a mark indicating both stress (or accent) and length, the amount of length depending on neighboring sounds and position within t h e word. Vowels following glottal stops are especially short, and stressed vowels are usually somewhat longer than unstressed vowels. Final vowels marked with macrons are stressed but are usually not very long. In reduplications the first vowel marked with a macron may not be stressed or lengthened a t all in very feist speech ('ana'ana may be replaced by 'dna'and). Vowels a t t h e ends of utterances are frequently voiceless, as t h e final vowels in ki'i, aku. Meeting like vowels fuse into a single vowel: aloha 'ia aku becomes aloha 'iaku. Vowels may be lengthened for emphasis. The vowels forming the diphthongs listed on page xxix are not as closely knit as the vowels of English diphthongs. The first o in oi suggests the o in English sole (without t h e off-glide). In fast speech a before t may suggest the vowels in

—

G r a m m a r

syllables may be slightly higher than unstressed ones), or with a lower pitch at the pause (this being more like English, the other quite dissimilar). In general, the pitch levels of speakers little influenced by English vary less than pitch levels in English. Stress likewise shows less variation than in English. The following types of pauses have been noted: a very slight one without pitch change, which may be called open transition; a sustained pause, usually between phrases, without pitch change; fading pause, at the end of a sentence, with decrease in pitch and volume; and rising pause, at the end of a sentence, with rising pitch, and perhaps increase in force of articulation, but with the volume cut oft comparatively sharply. Long stretches of speech are heard without open transition (note close transition in reduplications, section 5.4); space between words and particles is no i n d i c a t i o n of the o c c u r r e n c e of open transition.

English hat or even set (see next section), and a before u may suggest the vowel in English cut. All possible vowel combinations occur, including sequences of two, three, four, five, and six vowels. Repeated vowels and diphthongs comprise single syllables. Vowels in the other sequences are in separate syllables, and are stressed according to the rules given on page xxix; ia.aid, hiidu, pidiii, pte-ueue. Spaces are a clue to stress. Words or particles separated by spaces are stressed except certain ones that may be called clitics; these are pronounced as though a part of accompanying words and are stressed only when preceding unstressed vowels. In the following examples hyphens connect the phonologically dependent clitics: ke-kdki a-ki-alVi, the child of the chief he-lti d-ke-kipi. a lei of the rebel (to sell) ka-nui o-kd-maka'u, the greatness of the foar ka-nui 6-ka-hdle, the greatness of the house n&na-i ka-hdle, look at the house Mle (-ka-hdle, go to the house me-ki-al6ha, with the aloha nfifto 'o-Mile, Mary stays ny the lengthening of a v o w e l : mahalo a nui loa, thanks v e r y , v e r y much; hele a Kai-lua, to go clear, clear to Kai-lua; aloha a nui loa, very, very much aloha; ke aloha no, much, much aloha; maka'u, maka'u, great fear.

5.6. Lengthening of Vowel to Form a Plural. In certain words denoting persons the third f r o m the last vowel is lengthened as indication of the plural: 'aumakua, 'elemakule, kahiko, kahuna, kaikamdhine, kanaka, kupuna, luahine, makua, wahine.

6. SENTENCES A s e n t e n c e is any utterance preceded and followed by fading or rising pause. A sentence may consist of a single verb. T h e brief and incomplete discussion here will bo in t w o parts: order within the phrase (a word and m o d i f y i n g words and particles), and functions of phrases and their order within a sentence. 0.1. O r d e r W i t h i n t h e P h r a s e . T h e phrase is diagrammed in section 4.5. A word will be added here about adjectives and adverbs. Hawaiian substantive plus a d j e c t i v e will sometimes be translated most clearly by a possessive or other t y p e of phrase, as ha'aheo Kaimana-Hila, pride in Diamond H e a d ; ka li'ili'i keiki, the smallness of children; he maika'i 'olelo, goodness as t o

speech. Since many m a j o r words serve equally as substantives and adjectives, word order o f t e n drastically changes meaning, as illustrated by the f o l l o w i n g pairs: kino maika'i, fine physique, and maika'i kino, physical attract!veness; kane 'dpiopio, young man, and 'dpiopio kane, male y o u t h ; wahine maika'i, beautiful w o m a n or wife, and maika'i wahine, f e m a l e attractiveness. E x a m p l e s of adverbs: he hana maika'i loa, a v e r y g o o d w o r k ; ua hana maika'i loa, to h a v e worked v e r y well. Examples of I plus I I plus stem plus V I I plus I X : i ko'u mana'o wale 'ana, just in m y opinion. 6.2. F u n c t i o n s a n d O r d e r of P h r a s e s . Phrases function syntactically as follows (see the diagram in section 4.5). 1. A s subjects, with substantives marked by the particles 'o or nothing or e ( v o c a t i v e ) . 'O au, I. E Kama, O, K a m a . 2. A s predicate complements, with substantives marked by the demonstratives he or 'a'ohe. He keiki, a child. ' A ' o h e keiki no children. 3. A s o b j e c t s of the particles ¿/ia, o or a or a 'o, me, ma, mai/mai id, n-. 'Ike i ka hale, see the house. 'Ike idia, see him. O ka hale, of the house. Afe ke aloha, with aloha. Ma Maui, at M a u i . Mai Maui, f r o m Maui. No Maui, for Maui: from Maui. 4. As agents, marked l>y e.E a'u, by me. n. As verbs, marked by verb markers. E hcle go6. A s conjunctions, usually at the beginning of a sentence and usuall y preceded by substantive markers, including the f o l l o w i n g : a laila, there; ia manawa, at this time, thon; ia wd. at this time, then; ma laila, then; no ka mea, because; no laila. therefore. C o m m o n simple orders of phrases f o l l o w : ( I ) Verb plus subject plus object, as hele 'oia i ka hale, he is going to the house. (2) Verb plus subject, as e hele 'oia, he should go. (3) Pronoun subject plus verb, as 'a'ole au e hele, I ' m not going. (4) C o m m e n t plus topic (verbless sentence) as he kane kana, she has a husband; he kane 'oia, he is a man; 'o Ilina ka makuahine, Hina is the mother. 'Owai kou inna? W h a t is your name? A c t u a l speech is complicated by the insertion of many o b j e c t phrases, and by the repetition or elimination of elements; this is a difficult subject needing further study. Omission of particles: tho particle 'o Is common only before au, ia, wai, and names of people or places. T h e verb-marking particles ua and e are sometimes o m i t t e d in fast speech, and context determines whether hele aku 'oe is to be understood as s y n o n y m o u s with ua hele aku 'oe, y o u h a v e gone, or, e hele aku 'oe. go a w a y . Particles are also c o m m o n l y o m i t t e d as f o l lows: (1) A particle consisting of a vowel m a y fuse in fast speech with a preceding like v o w e l , as pili i ka mea becoming pili ka mea. (2) Particles in action-object sequences are c o m m o n l y o m i t t e d , as in such sequences as haku mele, to compose songs; song composer; he'e nalu, to surf; surf rider; holo lio, to ride horseback; horsebackrider. In contrast t o English, order is usually f r o m

X X i X

— Arrangement

—

Preceded by the demonstrative prefix pe-, it may be a verb: Pehea? What? How? Inahea means "when, in the past" and Shea means "when, in the future." Hia, preceded by the numeral prefix 'e- may also be a verb : 'Ehia kanaka? How many people? Wai Is usually a substantive: 'Owai kou inoa? What is your name? Iâ waif To whom? The interrogative particle onei was discussed in section 4.5. Questions are followed by fading pause and rising pause ; this matter needs further study.

far to near, as kela mea kiia mea, this and tbat (literally, that thing this thing); mai 'o a ma'ane'i, from here to there (literally, from there to here). 7. QUESTIONS The common interrogative words Include aha, what; hea, which, what; Ma, how many; wai, who. Hea is commonly used as substantive or adjective (i hea, mahea, where; ke kanaka hea, which person; ka manawa hea, which time,when).

ARRANGEMENT OF THE DICTIONARY forms in less common use than the root; roots in less common use than the reduplications; passive/Imperative forms; variant forms; variant spellings; ho- or fto'o- forms. Hawaiian words used in English definitions or translations are spelled as they are in Hawaiian (except the names of the Hawaiian Islands, Waikikl, and Kalakaua) and are in italics (except lei, ukulele, and proper names). Definitions of homonyms follow in numbered order according to class (major words, minor words, numerals, particles, Interjections); homonyms of each class are in approximate order of frequency of occurrence, except that loan words follow native words, and semantically close words are adjoining.

The order of the parts of the entries in the dictionary is described below (not every entry has all of these parts, however): 1. Entry. A hyphen before an entry indicates that the entry does not occur initially. A hyphen after an entry indicates that the entry occurs only with a following element. In determination of alphabetical order, 6hort vowels precede long vowels, and the glottal stop is ignored, except that a precedes 'a and kau precedes ka'u. (Examples: kau, käu, ka'u, -ka'u; nana, nanä, nänä, -nänä; pau, pa'u, pa'ü, pä'ü.) The following begin with capital letters: proper names of people, places, institutions, winds, stars, months of the year, rains, days of the week and month. If an entry Is not capitalized, later numbered definitions within the entry t h a t require capitalization are preceded by the note (Cap.). Conversely, if an entry is capitalized, later numbered definitions within the entry that do not require capitalization are preceded by the note (Not cap.). (For examples see palani and Ka'ula.) Words (except usually ka and ke) and particles comprising the following are separated by hyphens: names of people (except Kalakaua) and places; kinds of plants, fish, birds, rocks, diseases; names of stars, winds, rains, months, days of the month, lua fighting holds, tapa or plaiting designs; and long or cumbersome names of a few institutions or phenomena.

4. Source references. Only certain standard works are cited, abbreviated according to the table on page xxx. 5. Literal meanings. 6. Restrictive labels (English, slang, rare, obsolete, Biblical, transitive, intransitive, Andrews-Parker, or the name of an island or district to which the use of the word is confined or where it is best known). 7. Variants of the entry. 8. Cross references. "Cf." directs the reader to entries that may be related or that contrast significantly, "see" to entries under which the definition is to be found. 9. Illustrative phrases and sentences, with the reference (if given) separating the Hawaiian and the English translation. The Hawaiian has been respelled by the compilers to conform to t h e dictionary style; the English has been translated by the compilers. 10. The causative/simulative form, treated as an entry in Its own right, but with homonyms lettered alphabetically. 11. Proto-Polynesian and Proto-Malayo-Polvnesian reconstructions. (See Preface.)

2. Variant spellings. The following types of variant spellings may follow the entry: spellings of loan words (pailaka, pailata)-, spellings with and without the »-glide described in Grammar 2.1 (koali, kowali); words sometimes spelled with single vowels and sometimes with double vowels (oloolo, olölo). 3. Definitions. A definition is generally entered only once. Thus for the following types of entries there will often be cross references to the entry where the definition is to be found: reduplicated

XXX

PRONUNCIATION OF HAWAIIAN Consonants p, k h , 1, m , n w '

about as in English but with less aspiration. about as in English. after i and e usually like v ; after u and o usually like to ; initially and after a like t or w. a glottal stop, similar to tho sound between the oh's in English oh-oh.

Vowels Unstressed a e 1 o u

like like like like like

a in above e in bet y in city o in sole oo in moon

like like like like like like

a in far e in bet ay in play ee in see o in sole oo in moon

but without off-glides.

Stressed a, a e 6 I, I o, 0 U, O

but without off-glides; vowels marked with macrons are somewhat longer than other vowels.

Bising Diphthongs el, e u , ol, o u , al, ae, ao, a u

these are always stressed on the ilrst member, but the two members are not as closely joined as in English.

Stress (or Accent) On all vowels marked with macrons: S, 6 , 1 , 0 , O. Otherwise on the next-to-last syllable and alternating preceding syllables, except that words containing five syllables without macrons are stressed on the first and fourth syllables: hdle, makd'u, hdlohdlo, 'Ilemakule. E v e r y word or particle separated by spaces is stressed except clitics listed in Section 2.5 of the Grammar.

FOR M O R E

D E T A I L S SEE S E C T I O N

XXXI

2 OF T H E

GRAMMAR.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE DICTIONARY

Abbreviations o t h e r t h a n Biblical (All references a r e listed in t h e B i b l i o g r a p h y )

AP

Andrews-Parker dictionary; reference is given only if n o o t h e r e v i d e n c e is available Cap beginning with a capital letter cf. compare Ed E d m o n d s o n , 1940 Eng. word borrowed f r o m English etc. a n d so f o r t h f f o r m (of p l a n t s ) tig figuratively For F o r n a n d e r (For. 4.297, F o r n a n d e r , Vol. 4, p. 297) G r a m . . . . Grammatical Notes preceding the dictionary IIP H a n d y ' s Hawaiian Planter l u t r a n s . .intransitive

Kep Beckwith's Kepelino KL Beckwith's Kumulipo Laie Beckwith's Laieikawai lit literally M a l o . . . . M a l o ' s Hawaiian Antiquities, 1951 Neal N e a l ' s In Gardens of Hawaii, 1948 obs obsolete PII E m e r s o n ' s Pele and Iliiaka PMP P r o t o - M a l a y o - P o l y n e s i a n ; see P r e f a c e PPN P r o t o - P o l y n e s i a n ; see P r e f a c e r e d u p . . . . r e d u p l i c a t i o n ; for m e a n i n g s see G r a m m a r 5.4 s p . , s p p . . species t r a n s . . . . transitive UL E m e r s o n ' s Unwritten Literature var variant, variety

Biblical abbreviations a n d references (See Ka Daibala,

Am A m o s a (Amos) Dan D a n i e l a (Daniel) E p e s o . . . . (Ephesians) Eset Esetera (Esther) Ezek Ezekiela (Ezekiel) E z e r a . . . . (Ezra) Gal Galatia (Galatians) Ilagal (Haggai) Hal Halelu (Psalms) Heb H e b e r a (Hebrews) Hoik Hoikeana (Revelation) Hos H o s e a (Hosea) Iak Iakobo (James) Ier Ieremia (Jeremiah) I o a n e . . . . (John)

Ioba

(Job)

I o e l a . . . . (Joel) Ios Iosua (Joshua) Isa. I s a i a (Isaiah)

Iuda

(Jude)

Kanl Kanawailua (Deuteronomy) K e k a h . . . K e k a h u n a (Ecclosiastes) Kin K i n o h i (Genesis) Kol Kolosa (Collosians) Kor. Korineto (Corinthians)

1941, in t h e B i b l i o g r a p h y )

L u k a . . . . (Luke) L u n k . . . .Lunakanawai (Judgrs) Mal Malaki (Malachi) Mar Maroko (Mark) Mat M a t a i o (Matliew) M e l e . . . . M e l e a S o l o m o n a (Songs "f Solomon) M l k a . . . . (Micah) N a h . . . . . Nahelu (Numbers) Nal Nalii (Kings) N e h . . . . .Nehemia (Nehemiah) Oih O i h a n a (Acts) O l h k . . . O i h a n a k a h u n a (Leviticus) O l h n . . . . O i h a n a a l i i (Chromicles) Pet Petero (Peter) Plllpi (Philippians) Puk P u k a a n a (Exodus)

R o m a . . . (Romans)

R u t a . . . . (Ruth) Sam S a m u e l a (Samuel) Sol Solomona (Proverbs) Tes Tesalonike (Thessalonians) Tim Timoteo (Timothy)

Tito

(Titus)

Zek Zep

Z e k a r i a (Zechariah) Zepania (Znphaniah)

Xx x i i

All ivords beginning with a- or a- may be preceded by the marker ke. Words beginning with 'a- or 'a- may be preceded by the marker ka, unless otherwise stated. a . 1. Of ( a - f o r m ; a clitic). See Gram. 3.4 and 4.1. T h i s a forms part of the possessives, as in ka'u, mine: kdna, his. 'U mi-a-Liloa, ' U m i Ison] of L i loa. 2. Like, in the manner of, in the style of. 'Ai a pua'a, to eat like a pig. Kahe a wai, to flow like water. Hele mai no laua a 'elua, the t w o of them came. 3. W h e n , at the time when, until, as f a r as, to, to the point of, including. For an idiom, see Jto. A hiki mai ia. when he arrives. Hola 'elua a'oi, a little after t w o o'clock. Noho 'oia malaila a make, he lived there until death. Prolonged 0 — designates a protracted period of t i m e or distance, a long continued action, or emphasis. Hele a— uka, going far, f a r inland. Aloha a— nui, much, much aloha. Mahalo a— nui, thanks v e r y , very much. Holo a'ela ia a— hiki i ka 'aina kahiki. he sailed and sailed and sailed until he reached a foreign country. 4. A n d , then, but (usually preceding verbs, whereas a me usually precedes nouns; a also may connect words translated by English adjectives, as he po'e kuli a 'a'a, a people deaf and d u m b ; nani a pumehana keia kakahiaka, this morning is beautiful and w a r m ) , - a . 1. Passive/imperative suffix. 2. Element replacing -a in ka, the.

S. 1. Jaw, cheekbone. Fig., to talk a lot, jabber. Ke a nui. ke a iki, big jaw, little j a w [bragging and wheedling, as of a man seeking the f a v o r of a woman). h o ' S . T o talk a lot, jabber. 2. A n instrument made of smooth bone, f o r m e r l y used for abortion, lancing, or bleeding. Also called a 'd'o, piercing a. 3. M o u l d found in souring foods, especially poi, generally known as Oidium lactis or Oospora lactis, but now properly called Geotrichum candidum. ' a . Oh! W e l l ! A h ! ' a - . Prefix to numbers f r o m one through nine, especially for counting in series. See 'alua, 'akolu, Pd'aha. 1. Fiery, burning; fire; to burn, blaze. Fig., to glitter or sparkle,_as a g e m ; to burn, as with jealousy or_anger. 'A akaaka, to shine brightly, as stars. 'A ke kaimana, the diamond sparkles. h o ' S . T o set on Are, burn, Ignite; to [ignt, as a lamp. Fig., to incite, arouse. Ua ho'a 'ia kona inaina, his anger was aroused. Ilo'd imu, t o light an o v e n ; one who lights an o v e n . 2. Aa lava, as distinguished f r o m smooth unbroken pShoehoe l a v a (formerly preceded byke). 3. Same as 'a'a, 1, t o dare. 'A'ole 'oia i a e noho, he did not dare t o stay. 4. R e d - f o o t e d b o o b y bird

(Sula sula rubripes), b r o w n - v e s t e d b o o b y ( S u l a leucogaster plotus), m a s k e d or b l u e - f a c e d b o o b y (Sula personam dactylalra). Also called 'a'a. Legendary birds believed to h a v e t a k e n t h e s h a p e of t h i s b i r d a r e 'a-'aia, 'a-'ai-'anuhe-aKdne a n d 'd-'aia-nui-nu-keu, and by some were c o n s i d e r e d g u a r d i a n s p i r i t s . See also K e p . 33. S . Y o u n g s t a g e o f _ d e m o i s e l l e fish Calo'ilo'i). Also called 'a'a. 'A 'aki maunu, bait-taking ' a [said of p e t t y t h i e v e s ; a v a r . p h r a s e is ' a 'aki makau, h o o k - t a k i n g 'a], 6. T h e l e t t e r " a . " ' f t - . I n t h e n a t u r e of (as fiina, w h i t e , ' d k i n a , s o m e w h a t w h i t e , g r a y ; as pali, cliff, 'apali, like a cliff). T h e r e a r e m a n y e x a m p l e s , as 'alewalewa, 'alualua, 'amokumoku, 'do'o, 'apono, 'awela. - ' S . ( W i t h ho-) ho'a. T o d r i v e , a s c a t t l e , or as fisli i n t o a n e t . a ' a . 1. Small root, vein, artery, nerve, tendon, m u s c l e . Fig., w o m b , o f f s p r i n g . A'a koni, t h r o b bing vein or artery, pulse: throbbing, as with e x c i t e m e n t or p a s s i o n . A'a lewalewa, aerial r o o t s , a s p u t f o r t h b y 'ohi'a t r e e s a t h i g h altit u d e s or in d a m p c l i m a t e s . 'O ku'u a'a keia, t h i s is m y o f f s p r i n g . Ku'u kaikaina i ke a'a hookahi, m y y o u n g e r sibling of t h e s a m e w o m b . Ke koko maloko o na a'a, blood in t h e veins, h o ' o a ' a . T o c a u s e a p l a n t or slip t o t a k e r o o t ; t o t a k e r o o t . ( P P N aka, P M P aka(r).) 2 . T o s e n d g r e e t i n g s or l o v e ; j o y o u s h o s p i t a l i t y : j o y a t g r e e t i n g a l o v e d o n e . Bare. Cf. haa'a. Makamaka a'a, f r i e n d w h o is w a r m l y h o s p i t a b l e . A e a'a ana 'o mea ma id 'oe, t h e n t h e y s e n d their regards to you. ' a ' a . 1 . T o b r a v e , d a r e , c h a l l e n g e , d e f y (1 S a m . 17.10), c h e c k , v e n t u r e ; t o a c c e p t a c h a l l e n g e ; to volunteer, involving a difficulty; to act wickedly or p r e s u m p t u o u s l y ( K a n l . 1.43): bold, v e n t u r e s o m e . He po'e 'a'a hcwa, a p e o p l e a c t i n g w i c k e d l y . He 'a'a ka mana'o, he wiwo 'ole, t h o u g h t s a r e full of c o u r a g e , fearless. 'Owai ka mea e 'a'a e ha'i'&lelo? W h o will v o l u n t e e r t o m a k e a s p e e c h ? 2 . Iielt, girdle, w a i s t ; t o g i r d , t i e on. Kakt'i maila 'o Kahaka-loa i kana la'au palau, a loa'a ihola ka 'a'a o Kawelo (For. 5:49). K a h a k a - l o a b r a n d i s h e d his w a r c l u b so as t o r e a c h K a w e l o ' s w a i s t . 3 . Dag, p o c k e t , caul, e n v e l o p e f o r a f o e t u s , s c r i p (1 S a m . 17.40): fiber f r o m c o c o n u t h u s k : c l o t h l i k e s h e a t h a t b a s e of c o c o n u t l e a f ; c l o t h ; c h a f f , hull (Ier. 23.28). See 'a'a moni. 'A'a haole, f o r e i g n c l o t h . 'A'a maluna o ke ake, c a u l a b o v e t h e liver. Ka 'a'a o ke au ma ke akepa'a (Oihk. 3.4), t h e caul of t h e bile a n d t h e l i v e r . 'A'ole kanaka 'a'a 'ole, n o m a n w i t h o u t h i s scrip. 4 . (Cap.) S a m e as Ma'a'a, a w i n d , ' a ' a . X. T o b u r n ; g l o w i n g ; fire: s t a r i n g , a s eyes (see 'a'a maka). Fig., a n g r y ; f u r y . Ua 'a'a ka pu'u, t h e t h r o a t is o n fire [with t h i r s t ] . Ke a'a maila ka wahine, t h e w o m a n b u r n s h i t h e r [Pele a n d h e r v o l c a n i c fires a p p r o a c h ! . I l 0 ' a ' & . T o k i n d l e , l i g h t . Mea ho'a'a, fire k i n d l i n g . 2 . Au lava; stony, abounding with rough aa lava. 3 . (Cap.) A s t a r i d e n t i f i e d a s Sirius. 4 . Y o u n g s t a g e of d e m o i s e l l e fish ('dlo'ilo'i). Also called 'a. ' a ' a . 1. D u m b n e s s , i n a b i l i t y t o s p e a k intellig i b l y , a d u m b p e r s o n ( P u k . 4 . 1 1 ) ; d u m b , silent, still; t o s t u t t e r _ a n d s t a m m e r , as a d u m b p e r s o n . Po'e kuli a 'd'a, d e a f m u t e s . Ua 'a'a ka leo, t h e v o i c e is u n i n t e l l i g i b l e . He 'a'a ko ka hale, t h e p e o p l e of t h e h o u s e a r e silent. I lohe 'ia e na d'S lololohe; i mau 'a'a Idlokuli, i t w a s h e a r d f r o m t h e d u m b one who could hear, a b o u t t h o s e w h o w e r e d e a f a n d d u m b . 2 . D w a r f , small p e r s o n ; d w a r f i s h , s m a l l . Kanaka poupou 'a'a, a s h o r t s t o u t p e r s o n . He 'Ilio 'a'a ( K L l i n e 577). a s h o r t - l e g g e d d o g . 3 . D e m e n t e d , p a n i c s t r i c k e n . See 'a'a maka, 'a'aia. Holo 'a'd, t o r u n a b o u t in a p a n i c . h O ' a ' a . T o look a b o u t or s e a r c h in c o n f u s i o n , s t r a y , w a n d e r ; d i s c o n c e r t e d . E hd'a'a ana i na makaaniani, looking in c o n f u s i o n f o r t h e s p e c t a c l e s . 4. P r o b a b l e v a r . of ' a , h. b o o b y b i r d . B. M a l e '5'8 b i r d , a'a'a. N e t w o r k of v e i n s .

' a ' a ' a . C o c o n u t c l o t h , v a s c u l a r b u n d l e s in t a r o c o r m , c h a f f ; fibrous. Also called ha'a'a. ' a ' a ' a . 1 . R e d u p . of 'a'a, 1; l a v a c a v e . 2 . R e d u p . of 'a'a, 1. ' a ' a ' a ' a . R e d u p . of 'a'a'a. 'A'a'a'a ho'i klia 'uala, t h i s s w e e t p o t a t o is f u l l of fibers, a ' a a h l . Scion or s h o o t of s a n d a l w o o d ,

' a ' a ' a k i . Redup. of

'a'aki.

• a ' a e . T h i r d c r o p , as of t a r o ; t a r o p a t c h w h e r e t h e t a r o h a s b e e n p u l l e d u p . Also called 'ae. ' a ' a e a . T h e s o u n d ay t h a t i n f a n t s m a k e in c a l l i n g for a t t e n t i o n ; to m a k e this sound, ' a ' a h a . N e t t e d c a r r i e r f o r a c a l a b a s h , m a d e of s e n n i t or olond c o r d . M o r e c o m m o n l y c a l l e d kOko. Cf. 'aha, s e n n i t , 'aahl. B a g f o r c a r r y i n g fire-making e q u i p m e n t ('a'a, b a g , a n d ahi, fire),

a ' a h i a . Passive/imperative of a'a, X.

' a ' a h o . 1 . T h a t c h p u r l i n ; rails, a s in a f e n c e . See 'ahohui, 'ahopi'o, 'ahopueo. Pa 'a'aho, c o r r a l , rail f e n c e . 2 . C o n t a i n e r , a s f o r pia, a r r o w r o o t s t a r c h ; t o p u t pia in s m a l l p a c k a g e s so t h a t i t m a y k e e p s w e e t . Obs. 'a'ahokau. S a m e as haupia, c o c o n u t a n d a r r o w root pudding, ' a ' a h u . C l o t h i n g in g e n e r a l ; t o p u t on or w e a r c l o t h i n g , especially s h i r t , s u i t , or c o a t ; t o c o v e r t h e b o d y w i t h a b l a n k e t . E 'a'ahu aku 'oe i klia, w e a r this. 'A'ahu au i ka pono, I h a v e c l o t h e d m y s e l f in righteousness, hft'a'ahu. T o p u t c l o t h i n g on s o m e o n e else; t o d r e s s ; t o s u p p l y with clothing; to clothe,

' a ' a h u a . Passive/imperative of 'a'ahu.

' a ' a h u ali'l.

Regal attire, a royal robe, a t y p e of colored t a p a w o r n b y p e o p l e of r a n k , 'a'ahuali'l. A f a b u l o u s b e i n g said t o h a v e h a d extraordinary strength, to have come from the c e n t e r of t h e e a r t h , a n d t o h a v e b e e n t h e c r e a t o r of all d w a r f s , 'a'ahu a p o ' o . H e a d s h i e l d ; p r o t e c t i o n for t h e h e a d in w a r , as h e l m e t , shield. ( E p o s o C.16.) 'a'ahu kaua. A r m o r , w a r g a r m e n t , a ' a h u k l . T e n d o n . Lit., pulled v e i n ,

' a ' a h u m a k a l o a . A long malo or ornamented

b a n d m a d e of t h e s o f t makaloa r u s h ; t o p u t o n or w e a r t h i s g a r m e n t , ' a ' a h u 'olhana plha. F u l l regalia, d r e s s u n i f o r m . Lit., full p r o f e s s i o n a l g a r m e n t , 'a'ahu pawehe. G a r m e n t m a d e of pawehe, p a t t e r n e d m a t ; m a t m a d e of s o f t m a t e r i a l a n d w o v e n i n t h e pawehe p a t t e r n ; t o p u t on a n d w e a r t h i s g a r m e n t . No laila i 'olelo 'ia ai he 'a'ahu pawehe hiwa na ka makani, so it w a s called t h e c h o i c e p a t t e r n e d m a t m a d e b y t h e spirits.

'a'ahu'ula.

V a r . of 'ahu'ula. ' a ' a h u w a . T o speak reproachfully, c o n t e m p t u ously; to deride; jealous challenge. 'A'ahuwd noho'i kana mau 'olelo, his w o r d s a r e c o n temptuous. 'a'al. 1. R e d u p . of 'ai, 1; e a t i n g , s p r e a d i n g . Increasing, as a sore; t o e a t a w a y , corrode; t o t a k e b a i t r e a d i l y , as a fish; erosion. See 'a'aiole. He ma'i 'a'ai, a s p r e a d i n g sore; c a n c e r . 'A'ai ka hinalea i ka 'Bpae, t h e hinalea fish t a k e s t h e s h r i m p [bait) r e a d i l y . Na mana'o 'a'ai 'awa kani'uhu, heartbreaking, sad thoughts. 2. B r i g h t , a s of c o n t r a s t i n g colors. 'A'ai ka lei hulu melemele i ka holoku 'ele'ele, a yellow f e a t h e r lei a p p e a r s b r i g h t e r on a b l a c k M o t h e r H u b b a r d , 'a'ala. D e m e n t e d . 'O Moikeha, mai Kahiki ka hele 'ana mai, i 'a'aia i ke aloha o Lu'ukia (For. 4:161), M o i k e h a was f r o m Kahiki, w h e r e he was m a d with love for Lu'ukia. ' a - ' a l a . L e g e n d a r y bird believed to h a v e t a k e n t h e s h a p e of t h e 'a, b o o b y bird. See 'a, h-

' a ' a ' l n a . Redup. of

'a'ina.

' a ' a i o l e . I n f e r i o r , w e a k , said of b r e a d f r u i t o r f r u i t with a weak s t e m t h a t m a y fall before m a t u r i t y . ( K e p . 93.) Fig., of p e r s o n s d y i n g

before their time. Mai lou i ka 'ulu i luna loa, 0 lou hewa i ka 'a'aiole, eia no ka 'ulu i ke alo, d o n ' t pluck t h e breadfruit on top or you will luck one not securely fastened, there is t h e r e a d f r u i t in front, ' a ' a k a . 1. Surly, cranky, roiled, complaining; severe, as labor. Kai 'a'aka (Kep. 103), roiled sea. h O ' a ' a k a . To act surly, to pretend to be cross. 2. Dry, as coral of the reef at low tide; parched, wrinkled, dry and thirsty; peeling off, as the tough skin of such fish as t h e humuhumu a f t e r it has been in the Are; to crackle, burst, as a ripe melon. 3. Rocky undersea cavern. ( P H 219, Malo 26.) 4. Wood of the naio, bastard sandalwood, ' a ' a k i . Eedup. of 'aki; to nip repeatedly; to take a nip and hold on (cf. nahu, to bite with t h e whole mouth, and nau, to chew); a bite, nibble. Fig., thick, obscure, dark, penetrating; to feel pangs, as of love or childbirth. Ka naho manini nui, ke 'a'aki nei i ka limu, the cleft with t h e large manini fish, nibbling now a t the seaweed. 'A'aki ke ku'i, to close the mouth so tightly t h a t t h e molars cling, as in lockjaw. Ua 'a'aki pa'a 'ia ke aloha wela i luna o Ka'dnohi-o-ka-la (Laie 595), hot love was firmly clutched upon Ka'onohi-o-ka-la. Ke 'a'aki nei ka po 'ele'ele, allengulfing utter blackness of night, ' a ' a k o . Redup. of 'ako, 1, Z; repeated plucking; insatiable lust; to get into action (rare). 'A'ako aku i ka hana, get going with the work, a ' a k o k o . Vein, blood vessel, a ' a k o l o . A root running horizontally t h a t produces roots below and above; a rhizome, creeping root. a ' a k Q . N a m e of a combination of diseases: liver complication resulting in hardening of t h e veins, bloody dysentery accompanied by fever, a ' a kOkQkQ. Varicose veins. Lit., raised veins, ' a ' a l a . Fragrant, sweet-smelling; fragrance, perfume, sweet scent. Fig., of high rank, royal. He 'a'ala no 'o Ka'ahu-manu, Ka'ahu-manu is one of sweet high rank. Pupuka ho'i paha, he 'a'ala ka inoa, ugly perhaps, but a noble name. ' A ' a l a - h o n u a . N a m e of a Ililo wind accompanied by rain. Ke honi maila ko Hilo pali ku, ku ka makani he 'A'ala-honua ki'i ua, those of Hilo of sheer precipices inhale as the rainbringing Earth-Fragrance wind blows, ' a ' a l a i h a u . A fish (no d a t a ; perhaps a local name for one of t h e Chaetodons). ' a ' a l a ' l h i . Young of t h e 'ala'ihi fishes, ' a ' a l a l o a . Wild, demented person; uncivilized, ' a ' a l a k a l . 1. Insipid, unsavory, tasteless. 2. Large, plump. Cf. 'u'ulukai. ' a ' a l a - ' u l a . A branching, velvety-green, succulent-appearing seaweed (Codium edule). It yields a red liquid when placed in a container overnight with brine, which also wilts t h e plant. Both t h e liquid and t h e seaweed are well liked, being eaten plain or with other sea food. (KL line 47.) Also called 'ala-'ula, wawae-'iole. a ' a l e l e . Pulse. Lit., leaping vein, ' a ' a l l . Redup. of 'ali, 1; scarred, marked, grooved; depression, groove; wattles of a fowl; slight depression under the gills of a fish, ' a ' a l i ' i . Native hardwood shrubs or trees (Dodonaea, all species), one to thirty feet high, more or less sticky a t branch tips; leaves narrow, one to four inches long; flowers small: fruit a yellow, red, or brown papery capsule about half an inch long and with two to four wings. Fruit clusters are made into leis with their own leaves or ferns and worn in t h e hair. A boast of the people of Ka'u, is: He 'a'ali'i au, 'a'ohe makani e hina ai, 1 am an 'a'ali'i shrub, no wind can push me over. (Neal 472; For. 5:23.) Also called kumakani, 'a'ali'i-ku-makani, 'a'ali'i-ku-ma-kua. ' a ' a l l ' i - m a h u . Same sis pukiawe, shrubs, ' a ' a l l n a . 1. Scarred. (PH 218.) 2. Large, f a t , weak, as a f a t person,

'a'alo. Redup. of 'alo, 1, I.

' a ' a lole. Coconut cloth, European cloth, a ' a l o l o . Nerve. Lit., brain vein. A'alolo ho'a'o, taste bulb. A'alolo kuli, deafness, deaf mute. A'alolo lohe, auditory nerve, ' a ' a l u . Ravine, small stream, valley, depression. Cf. 'alu, depression, ' a ' a m a . 1. A large, black, edible crab (Grapsui grapsus tenuicrustatus) t h a t runs over shore rocks. 'A'ama kua lenalena, rock crab with yellow back ¡/iff., swift, strong warrior. 2. To spread and relax, as the fingers. (The 'a'ama crab was offered in sacrifices so t h a t the gods would loosen I,'a'ama) and grant t h e request.] 3. Redup. of 'ama, 1; to talk, ' a ' f t m a k a . To stare with wide-open eyes, as in desire, fear, or intent to frighten; one who does

so. hO'a'a maka. To stare,

' a ' a m a n u . Coconut-leaf or pandanus-leaf bag used for carrying birds, ' a ' a m o n l . Purse. Biblical. ' a ' a m o ' o . Young coconut cloth; gauze, as of a veil; diaphanous cloth; snakeskin. Lit., lizard coconut cloth, ' a ' a n a . To use abusive language, revile, malign. Cf. 'a'a, daring. Mai 'a'ana mai 'oe, d o n ' t use defiant language. h O ' a ' a n a . Causative/simulative. ' a ' a n a l . Redup. of 'anai. ' a ' a n a l i ' l . Var. of kakanali'i, stunted, ' a ' a n a p u ' u . Redup. of 'anapu'u, bumpy, ' a ' a n e m a . To criticize maliciously, ' a ' a n l u . Coconut cloth. ' a ' a n o . Overbearing, arrogant, boastful, daring; bully. Cf. 'a'a. h O ' a ' a n o . To act t h e bully, bluff, boast of courage t h a t is lacking, ' a ' a o . 1. Greedy, voracious. 06s. 2. Uncultivated bananas. Obs. ' a ' a p a . Redup. of 'apa. Rare. Cf. 'apa'apa. a ' a p a u . Valve of a vein, ' a ' a p l . Warped, curved. ' a ' a p o . To learn quickly, to catch the meaning quickly. Cf. 'apo, 'apo'apo. a ' a p Q . Same as a'apau. ' a ' a p u . 1. Coconut-shell cup; cuplike. Also 'apu. h t r a ' a p u . To form a cup of t h e hollow of t h e hand; to fold a leaf into a cup. 2. To warp, bend, wrinkle, ruffle, ' a ' a p u a . Arrow case, quiver, ' a ' a p Q h a k a . Girdle, belt. Lit., loin belt, a ' a p u ' u p u ' u . 1. Capsular ligament. 2. K n o t s in a fish net. ' a ' i p u ' u p u ' u . Sharp or waterworn, coarse gravel or rock, ' a ' a p u - w a l . Same as 'apu-wai, a variety of taro. ' a ' a u . 1. To move here and there, rove. Ka lele 'a'au o ka manu, the flight here and there as in fright] of t h e bird. 2. Redup. of 'au, stalk. A'au loa (Malo 59, 63), long stalks; fig., longsuffering and patient, as of a chief who cared for his people. ' S ' a u a . Coarse L as wrinkled or blotched skin. Also called ma'aua. Pua'a 'a'aua, old, tough pig. ' a ' a n a . 1. Wrasse fishes, common reef fishes (Bodianus bilunulatus). T h e name 'a'awa may be qualified by the terms 'e'a, hai'e'a, lelo, uleholu. Also called p&ou. 2. Same as 'a'awa-huakukui. 3. N a m e given for an insect (no d a t a ) . (AP.) ' a ' a w a - h u a - k u k u i . A native tree (.Pittosporum hosmeri), about twenty feet high, with leaves four to ten by one to two and one half inches, shiny and wrinkled above, brown-woolly beneath; small, clustered, cream-colored flowers; ovoid fruits about two inches long, each with two to four thick valves containing orange pulp and black oily seeds. Also called hO awa, hU 'awa. a ' e . 1. Several native trees, t h e soapberry (Sapindus saponaria f. inaequalis), and all species

of Fagara (also known as Zanthoxylum), Fagara having yellowish wood formerly used for digging sticks and spears; seeds of all (largest in the soapberry) are black, round, and used for leis. Also called manele. 2. {Cap.) Northeast t r a d e wind. Cf. A'e-loa, Moa'e, na'e. 3. Blight. (Malo 199.) 4. To, upward, obliquely, sideways: nearby, contiguous, next, approaching; then (directional particle; see Gram. 4.5). Hele a'e, to go up, sideways. Kanaka 'e a'e, different person. Keia pule a'e, next week. Ko'u mua a'e, the one born just before me, [older sibling, t h e one before me]. 'Owai hou a'e? Who will be next? A he aha a'e? And w h a t next? '0 au keiki a'e kiia, here come your children. Ia 13 a'e, ia la a'e, from day to d a y . ( P P N hake, P M P Isjakay.) 5. Replacement of e in songs (commonly written a e, b u t a glottal stop is pronounced before je). 'A'ole makou a 'e minarnina i ka pu'u kala a ke aupuni (song), we do not care about the government's sums of money. ' a e . 1. Yes; to say yes, consent, agree, approve, yield; approval. 'Ae waha, oral agreement. 'Ae wale, to agree easily; pliable. Ua ae mai 'oia i ko'u hele, he consented to my going. 2. Sap wrung from seaweed or leaves of plants such as taro; liquid remaining after dregs have settled. as of pia, arrowroot starch; saliva, drooling of the mouth. 'Ae limu, juice remaining on the pounding board after seaweed (limu) is pounded; mixed with salt it is used to flavor sauce for 'o'io or other fish. Kahe ka 'ae o ka waha, mouth saliva flows. 3. Fine, comminuted, as dust or powder; silky soft, as down; smooth, as well-mixed poi or broad dough. 'Ae ki, fine portions of ti root baked in the oven; to break ti root so cooked into fine portions. 'Ae moa, downy chicken feathers. h O ' a e . To make fine, soft, etc. He ahi 'a nopu hd'ae, a hot glowing fire t h a t pulverizos. 4. To rise, of the tide. h G ' a e . Causative/simulative. 6. A native fern (Polypotlium pellucidum) commonly seen a t KDauea Volcano. I t has oblong fronds 6 to 15 inches long, once divided into about fifteen or more pairs of oblong segments, each of which bears many round fruit dots. (Neal 27.) Cf. 'ae-lau-nui. 6. Same as 'a'ae. ' a ' e . To step over, get on top of, tread upon, trespass; to raise; to massage t h e back with the feet; to break a taboo or violate a law; counter sorcery; to inflict sorcery on a sorcerer. Fig., oppressed. 'A'e ku, to trespass, or break a law or taboo d e l i b e r a t e l y . l o a , a long step, a long journey. Ua 'a'e lakou i luna o kahi la'a, they trespassed on a taboo place; they broke an agreement, law, taboo. 'A'ohe i 'a'e i ka wela a ka la, not oppressed by the heat of the sun.

hO'a'e. Causative/simulative.

a e a . To rise up; to raise the head; to come u p f r o m under water. Lu'u aku a aea mai (song), dive down and come up. ' a e a . Cord, as used in joining two or more nets into a larger one. Rare. ' a e ' a . Wandering, shiftless, unstable; to wander. Cf. hBku 'ae'a. 'Ae'a hauka'e, vagrant person, trespasser; to trespass. Kanaka 'ae'a, vagabond, wanderer. One 'ae'a, shifting sands. hO' a e ' a . To cause to wander; to wander. Na ke kaumaha t ho'ae'a iaia mai ke one hanau mai, it was grief t h a t caused him to wander from his homeland.

'a'ea. Passive/imperative of 'a'e, 1.

a e a e . A prolonged sound, wail; to prolong, stretch, ho'&e&e. A style of chanting with prolonged vowels and fairly short phrases, much used in love chants; to chant in this fashion; to read or recite Bible passages or multiplication tables. a ' e a ' e . 1. Mixing of a dark or brilliant color with a lighter one, as feathers in a lei; of dark hair of a young person with streaks of gray. A'ea'e mShala i luna o ke kukui, streaks of silvery gray showing on the candlenut tree [said of a graying person], 2. A kind of banana with green and white striped leaves and fruits. (Neal 212.) Also called koa'e and manini. 3. A fish (no data).

' a e ' a e . 1. Redup. of 'ae, 3. IIulu 'ae'ae, downy feathers. Ka 'ai 'ae'ae, soft food or poi. 2. A small native shrub (Lycium sandwicense) growing near salt marshes and among rocks near t h e sea. I t has light-colored bark; succulent, narrow pale-green leaves about one inch long; small, white to blue-tinted flowers; and small red berries. (Neal 652.) Also called 'akulikuli-'ae'ae, '3kulikuli-'Bhelo, and 'Bhelo-kai. 3. Redup. of 'ae. It- 'Ae'ae kai, rise of the tide; f r o t h of the sea.

' a ' e ' a ' e . Redup. of 'a'e.

a e S e a . A small green flsh resembling the hinalea, used as pani (food or drink taken to finish a medical treatment) for certain diseases of children of t h e 'ea type. ' A e ' a e - a - b l w a N a m e of a star (no data), ' a e ' a - h a u k a ' e . l . See 'ae'a. 2. A variety of wild potato, good only as pig feed, ' a ' e l . Fine net, as used for 'Bpelu and maomao flsh; it was held open a t t h e mouth by kuku, stretching poles. &£I e l a . A chant ending. ' a e k a l . Place where sea and land meet; water's edge.

'aekelona, aeselona. Falcon,

' a e k o , a e t o . 1. Eagle. Lio hulu 'aeko, dark-gray horse; lit., eagle-feather horse. 2. Alto. Eng. See 'aleko. ' a e k o - k u l a . Golden eagle, ' a e - l a u - n u l . Same as 'ae, with large leaves, ' a e l i k e . Agreement, contract, truce; to come to an agreement; contracted. Palapala 'aelike, contract. a e l o . Rotten, of eggs t h a t do not hatch due to infertility. Fig., spoiled, worthless. Hua Selo, rotten egg; fig., in vain, worthless. E vialama ho'i o hua aelo ka luhi o ka ho'oikaika 'ana, be careful, lest the wearisomeness of t h e effort be in vain. A ' e - l o a . Name for t h e trade wind. See ki'eki'e for example. Cf. A'e, J, Moa'e. a ' e n e l . Just now, lately; nearby, not f a r ; ordinary, insignificant. E like me ka'u i 'olelo a'e nei, just what I just said. Ua hele a'e net, just now gone. Ma'o a'e nei no, just over there, not far. Kahi 'eha a'e nei no, just a minor pain. Kahi 'ike a'e nei no, nothing outstanding about the knowledge, a e ' o . 1. Stilts. 2. Hawaiian stilt bird ( H i m a n lopus himanlopus knudseni), an endemic subspecies of stilt, formerly common on t h e main Hawaiian Islands, now becoming rare. Also called kukuluae'o. ' a e o k a h a l o a . A kind of fine tapa, used in religious ceremonies, as for divining with pebbles. Also called kahaloa, palau-anahu. a e w a . 1. Thin, tall, spindly; to weave to and fro, as seaweed; to sway, as a branch or sea eddy. Cf. mUewa. Ulu maika'i a aewa hua 'ole (Kep. 159), growing well but spindly and fruitless [of bananas]. 2. Possessing a family or ljneage. Cf. ewe, 1. Hanau ka liuelo maewa, he aewa kona (KL line 525), born [those of] tail-end [junior] rank, they have their lineage, a h a . Why? W h a t ? For what reason? To do what? To ask what? (Aha frequently follows he and is often written heaha-, cf. Gram. 7.) He aha? W h a t is it? What? He aha kela? W h a t is t h a t ? He aha kana? What has he got there? W h a t does he have to say about it? What business is it of his [sarcastic]? He aha ia meaf W h a t of it [frequently spoken with an outward gesture of the right hand with palm upwards]? He . . . aha? W h a t kind of? For what purpose? He hale aha kela? What kind of a house is t h a t ? W h a t is it used for? He mea aha? W h a t ' s It used for [annoyance]? Why? He aha ihola la, no one knows why, for no a p p a r e n t reason. He aha ihola la 'o ka ua no ia, for no reason it's raining. I ke aha? For what? To what? Why? E hele ana 'oe i ke aha? Why are you going? No ke aha? Why? E aha ana 'oe? W h a t are you doing? E aha 'ia ana? W h a t is being done? E

—

' a h a h u i

h o ' o l e

ahia ana la laua nei? (For. 5:345) What are the two doing here? I aha 'ia ke ka'a? What happened to the car? 7 aha ai ka hele 'ana? (pronounced iahai), Why go? E kama'ilio a e aha? What's the use of talking? Aha maila ke kahuna, "He mea aha?" (Kep. 21) The priest asked, "What's that?" O aha? Lest what? What will happen then? O aha'ina (contraction of o aha 'ia ana)? Lest what happen? (PPN afa, P M P apa.) &h&. Aha (exclamation of surprise). Aha, loa'a ono ke kolohel Ah, the culprit is caught redamdedl ' a h a . 1. Meeting, assembly, gathering, convention, court. Many types or 'aha are listed below. 2. Sennit; cord braided of coconut husk, human hair, intestines of animals; string for a musical instrument; to stretch the 'aha cord for the outline of a house so that the posts may be properly placed; measurement of an edge or border. XJa like na 'aha, the sides are of equal length [as of a rectangle], E ki'i i ke kaula e 'aha ai, get a cord to stake out the house with. hO'aha. To make or braid 'aha; to tie up a calabash. (PPN kafa, P M P kapas.) 3. A prayer or service whose efficacy depended on recitation under taboo and without interruption. The priest was said to carry a cord Caha). (Malo 180-181.) Ua ka'i ka 'aha, the prayer is rendered. Loa'a ka kakou 'aha, our prayer is rendered successfully. Ua lilo ka 'aha, a laila pule hou, the prayer has not been successfully given, so pray again. 4. Millepede, so called because it coils itself up like a string. 5. Any of the needlefishes of the family Belonidae. The young are called 'aha'aha. Varieties are qualified by the terms holowx, mele, and uliuli. 6. Design supposed to resemble the continuing track of a duck, carved on tapa beaters. Also called 'ahaana and kapua'i-koloa. ' a h a . Four (usually in counting in series): four times. Po'aha, Thursday. a h a a h a . To pant, to breathe hard with heat, as a dog. Cf. ha, breath. ' a h a ' a h a . 1. Cordage. 2. To sit with back stiff and upright, arms akimbo, head up, as with haughty air of superiority; to sit cross-legged; to stand with hands on hips (considered rude and overbearing). He aha la ho'i ka ia nei e ku 'aha'aha mai nei? What's he standing here haughtily with hands on hips for? hO'aha'aha. To sit or stand thus. (Perhaps PPN kafa, P M P kabal.) 3. Young of the 'aha, a fish. ' a h a ' a l n a . Feast, dinner party, banquet; to feast. Lit., meal gathering. Many types of 'aha'aina are listed below. h O ' a h a ' a l n a . To feast, give a feast. ' a h a ' a l n a a ka Haku. Holy Communion: feast of the Lord. ' a h a ' a l n a hepekoma (hebedoma). Feast of weeks. (Puk. 34.22.) ' a h a ' a l n a h o ' o l a ' a . Feast of consecration or dedication, as of a house, church, canoe, or flsh net. ' a h a ' a l n a ho'olllo. Feast of dedication. (Ioane 10.22.)

' a h a ' a l n a h o ' o m a n a ' o . Commemorative or anniversary feast. ' a h a ' a l n a k a h e . Feast given at the time of a boy's circumcision. Called in Christian times 'aha'aina 'oki poepoe. ' a h a ' a l n a k a h u k a h u . Feast given at the completion of a student's first work (as mat, quiJt, tapa, net), or of a child's first fish catch; one purpose was to ask the gods to grant greater knowledge and skill to the craftsman. Lit., feast to care for. Cf. kahukahu. ' a h a ' a l n a k a l a h a l a . Feast given to ask pardon of the gods. Lit., feast to forgive sins. ' a h a ' a l n a kauhalelewa. Feast of tabernacles. Biblical. ' a h a ' a l n a k o m o . Initiation feast.

wai

' o n a

—

' a h a ' a l n a l a u l i m a . Feast held after completion of a joint project or co-operative undertaking, especially harvest, ' a h a ' a l n a l i m a l u h l . Similar to 'aha'aina maka luhi. ' a h a ' a l n a m a k a l u h l . Feast given to honor those who prepared the feast and served, the workers being served by those who had celebrated before; also a feast to celebrate completion of a particularly laborious project. Lit., feast for tired persons, ' a h a ' a l n a m a k e . Funeral feast, intended to comfort the mourners. ' a h a ' a l n a m a l e (mare). Wedding feast or reception. ' a h a ' a l n a mSwaewae. Feast given shortly after the birth of the first child, intended to clear the way (mawaewae) of misfortune for that child and for all others to follow, ' a h a ' a l n a m S l l a o l a . Feast of the Passover. Biblical. ' a h a ' a l n a pelena (berena). Holy Communion. Lit., feast of bread. ' a h a ' a l n a plha m a k a h l k i . Feast on the first birthday of a child, or to celebrate any anniversary. Lit., feast for completion of the year, ' a h a ' a l n a pi wal. Feast given principally to break the monotony of country life; those instigating the feast would sprinkle (pi wai) their friends with a little water; those sprinkled brought food to the feast, ' a h a ' a l n a p u k a . Graduation feast, ' a h a ' a l n a 'Dnlkl. Graduation feast, as for hula dancing or lua fighting. ' a h a ' a l n a w a l m a k a . Feast of tears, held on the first anniversary of a death, ' a h a a n a . Design said to resemble duck tracks, carved on tapa beaters. Also called 'aha and kapua'i-koloa. ' a h a ' i p a n a . District court, ' a h a 'elele. Convention of delegates; name for American presidential conventions. ah&h&. Var. of ahahana. (For. 4:295.) a h a h a n a . Syllables repeated in chants, usually at ends of verses, similar to ehe; a taunting singsong teasing phrase, used especially by children, meaning "Oh! Ohl Shame on you! You are going to catch it!" As a verb, to tease. Mai ahahana 'oe i kou pdki'i, don't tease your young brother, ' a h a h&wele. Cord support for gourd water bottles. ' a h a hele h o n u a . Ceremonial measuring of the dimensions of a ma na house within a place of worship; a priest carried a line to tne four corner posts of the mana, and the chief sacrificed a pig; name of the lino. (Malo 166-167.) ' a h a h l m e n l . Song festival, concert, ' a h a hO'ike m a k a h l k i . Annual meeting of Sunday Schools, as of Congregatlonalists. ' a h a ho'okolokolo. General name for court assembly. Names of several types of courts are listed below. ' a h a ho'okolokolo 'ftpana. District court, ' a h a ho'okolokolo h o ' o m a l u . Police court, ' a h a ho'okolokolo k a ' a p u n l . Circuit court, ' a h a ho'okolokolo k l ' e k l ' e . Supreme court, ' a h a ho'okolokolo k o a . Military court, ' a h a ho'okolokolo k o ' l k o ' l . Superior court, ' a h a h o ' o m a l u . Administrative body, assembly, ' a h a ho'oponopono I k a n o h o n a . Court of domestic relations, ' a h a h u i . Society, club, association. Various types are listed below. 'Ahahui HO'ikalka K a l l k l a n o . Christian Endeavor Society. ' a h a h u i hO'ole wal ' o n a . Temperance union.

—

'Ahaliui

K a n u

Ahahul K a n u KO H a w a l ' l . Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, ' a h a h u l k u l a KApakl ( S a b a t l ) . Sunday School association. ' A b a h u t M f t m a k a k a u a . Sons and Daughters of Hawaiian Warriors. Lit., warriors' society.

'Ahahul Mo'olelo Hawal'I. Hawaiian Historical Society, ' a h a h u l n a . Corporation, association; Congregational (rare).

'Ahahul Wahlne Kailklano HO'ole Wal 'Ona.

Women's Christian Temperance Union, ' a h a h u l a h u l a . l . Assembly for ballroom dancing: a ball. 2. Ancient assembly for the hulahula religious ceremony, ' a h a - h u l u h u l u . Bristle worm, a hairy sea creature (Eurythoe pacifica). (Ed. 109.) '&hal. Commemorative wooden or stone pillar (probably short for 'a hailona, symbolic stone), ' a h a ' i . To carry off, chase, rout; to flee, run kanawai, away. Ka 'aha'i 'ana i na po'e ha'iha'i the pursuit of lawbreakers, ' a h a ' l h a ' l . Redup. of 'aha'i. Na ka manu 'aha'iha'i, kanu lau 'awa o uka (song), it was the birds who carried, planting kava leaf in the upland. ' a h a Iki. Small gathering for private conversation; small or secret council, as called in an emergency. ' a h a ' l l o n o . Reporter, messenger, bringer of news; in legends, the sole survivor of a disastrous defeat who reports the news; to tell news, a h a ' l n a . Short for aha 'ia ana. See aha. ' a h a ' l n a . Same as 'aha'i. ' a h a I n u . Drinking party, as 'aha inu waina, wine-drinking party, 'aha inu lama, rum party. ' S h a ' l 'Olelo. Messenger; to carry word, ' a h a k a ' a p u n l . Circuit court, ' a h a k&kau. Court of records, ' a h a k a p u . 1. A sacred assembly. 2. Sacred sennit cord belonging to a high chief and kept on a high place before his house; trespassers entering the house were killed if the cord remained in place, but if it fell down and the stranger stepped over it, this was a token of the stranger's high rank or kinship with the owner of the cord. Some chiefs had several such cords, each given a name, and some were used after the owner's death in making the ka'ai, container for his bones, ' a h a k a u kftnilwal. Session of the legislature, ' a h a k e a . 1. Native trees and shrubs (species of Bobea) with small to medium-sized, oblong leaves; small greenish flowers; and small, purpleto-black juicy fruits. The wood is yellow and formerly was used for poi boards and canoe rims. I ke aha ho'i? I ka 'ahakea. Why then? The 'ahakea [a saucy retort containing a pun on the word aha, what]. 2. Same as haokea, a taro. ' a h a k e a - l a u - l l ' I . A small-leafed 'ahakea (Bobea elatior var. brevipes). (Bobea ' a h a k e a - l a u - n u l . A large-leafed 'ahakea elatior). ' a h a k l ' e k l ' e . Supreme court. ' a h a k Q . Cord used for measuring, as in laying out a garden or house. Ho'omoe 'ia mai ka 'ahaku, now lay down the measuring line, ' a h a k u h l n a . Cabinet, assembly of ministers, ' a h a kflka. Council meeting, discussion meeting, conference. ' a h a kOka m a l u . Privy council, secret deliberative meeting, ' a h a l l m a l i m a . See limalima. ' a h a l u a l l k e . Rectangle with parallel opposite sides. Lit., two equal sides, ' a h a l u n a k a h l k o . Presbytery, meeting of elders, ' a h a l u n a k a n a w a l . Judiciary session, meeting of judges.

Ko

H a w a i ' i

—

' a h a m a h a . Place or assembly for practice of athletic games, as sham fights. Lit., assembly for relaxation. ' a h a m a k a . 1. Hammock, as of tapa, fastened to the manuea, center support of a house; hammock in general. Lit., sennit meshes. 2. Cord with which edges of cracks in gourd bowls were sewn together in crisscross patterns suggestive of net mesh; the technique for such repair. 3. Strangling In lua fighting, as with green vines. 4. Secret meeting of priests to pray for a chief, ' a h a - m e l e . A yellow-spotted needlefish, ' a h a m e l e . Concert, song concert, song festival, ' a h a m o a . 1. An assembly _watching a lua contest of the kind called hakaka a moa. 2. A cord made from the entrails of an enemy killed in a lua fight of the hakaka a moa type. ' a h a m o k u p u n i . Island conference, with representatives from a single island, especially of Congregationalists. a h a n a . Same as ahahana. ' a h a - n l u . A native sedge (Cladium meyenii) with pointed, leathery leaves about three feet by one-half inch, mostly basal around a more or less zigzag spike, which bears light-brown, scattered flower clusters. See also 'uki, all species of Cladium. 'aha'Olelo. Legislature, assembly, council meeting, congress, to hold such meetings. 'aha'Olelo k a u k a n a w a i . Legislature, lawmaking body. 'aha'Olelo l.lhul. Congress of the United States; national assembly. 'aha'Olelo l u n a k a h l k o . Conference of elders. 'aha'Olelo n u l . Congress, ' a h a o n a l u n a k a n a w a l ' a p a n a . District court, ' a h a p a e ' a i n a . Convention of delegates from all the islands, especially as held by the Hawaiian E v a n g e l i c a l Association of Congregational Christian Churches, ' a h a p l ' l . A kind of tapa dyed with kukui bark and decorated with fine lines, for chiefs, ' a h a pule. Congregation, prayer assembly, ' a h a ' u l a . Council of chiefs. Lit., regal meeting, ' a h a w a . Waterhead, beginning of a water-course; to overflow. (AP.) a h e . Breeze; to blow or breathe gently; softly blowing. Ke ahe makani Pu'u-lena, the gently wafting Pu'u-lena breeze. &h£. To exclaim, to oh and ah; yes, so that's it, so, oh. Ahe, peld kou mana'o 'ea? So that's your opinion, is it [in indignation]? 'Oia ka malama a ka po'e mahi'ai e ahi ai i ka ulu maika'i a na mea kanu (Kep. 91), this is the month the farmers exclaim about the fine growth of the crops. ' a h 5 . A hacking cough; to cough. Also 'ehe. Cf. 'ahe'ahe, 'ehe'ehe. ' a h e . 1. Timid, shy. 2. Wild taro. Kauai. Varieties are qualified by the terms ke'oke'o and 'ula'ula. Called 'dweu on Hawaii, a h e a . 1. Passive/imperative of ahe. Lohe lau dhea, hearing of the many breezes [rumor]. 2. When (in the future, interrogative), ' a h e a . Same as 'aheahea, 2. a h e a h e . Redup. of ahe; soft, gentle in sound; weak. Pa mai ka makani aheahe, the gentle wind blows. He kamumu o ke aheahe malie, rustle of the gentle breeze, sound of quiet whispers. Aheahe kahi 'dpu i ka pololi, the stomach feels weak with hunger, ' a h e ' a h e . Redup. of 'ahe. I ka manawa 'ahe'ahi, kau maila ka 'ahe'ahe make maluna o laua, at the time of coughing, a deadly coughing seized upon the two of them, ' a h e a h e a . 1. To wilt, as a plant; warm, insipid. 2. A native shrub (Chenopodium oahuense) and an introduced weedy herb (C. album), both with narrow to triangular or rhomboidal, thickish leaves; flowers small, in panicles. Young plants,

—

aho

leaves, and p l a n t tips are used for greens, w r a p p e d In ti leaves a n d cooked on hot coals. Also called 'ahea, 'ahewahewa, alaweo, 'aweoweo. 3 . Var. n a m e for pakai, 2. 4. Same as heahea, to call. ' a h e l e . Snare; to snare. Also called pahele. 'Ahele pulu niu, snare of coconut fibers, as for 'a'ama, a crab. ' f t h e w a . 1. To condemn, blame, censure, conv i c t ; condemnation, blame, conviction. Mamuli o kona 'ahewa 'ia 'ana ua hopu hou 'ia, a f t e r his conviction [he] was rearrested. h o ' a h e w a . T o find guilty, condemn, pronounce guilty, curse (Gal. 3.13). 2. Walleyed, cross-eyed (with maka). 3. Oahu n a m e for t h e mana fern. 4. A m i m o s a tree. (AP.) ' a h e w a h e w a . Same as 'aheahea, 2. a h l . Fire, match, lightning; to burn in a lire, d e s t r o y by fire. See ahikao, ahikoe, ahi koli, ahimakani, limu-ahi, pau ahi. Leho ahi, a cowry shell used for squid fishing, colored red by t o a s t i n g over tire. Ahi wela, hot fire, love hot as fire. Ho'a ahi, to light a lire. Ipo ahi, fiery, a r d e n t lover. Ke ahi o Ka-maile, t h e f a m o u s firebrands thrown over cliffs a t Ka-maile, Kauai. (Perhaps P P N afl, P M P apuy.) ' a h l . Hawaiian t u n a fishes, especially t h e yellowfin t u n a (Neothunnus macropterus), an import a n t fish in t h e Honolulu m a r k e t . T h e n a m e 'ahi m a y be qualified by t h e terms hi'u-wiwi or ka'aka'a-la'au, kaha-uli, ka-nana, kihikihi or 'opu-hemo, lepalepa, maha-'d'd, malailena, maoli, palaha, and po'o-nui.

ahla. Faded.

' a h l a . 1. Same as 'ahiahia. 2. How many (interrogative). ' & h l a . Tinder resulting f r o m plowing with t h e fire plow; the powdery rubbings t h a t ignite, a h i a h l . Evening, late a f t e r n o o n ; to become evening. Ua mana'o maua e hiki 'e i 'ane'i, 'o ke ahiahi 'ia 'ana ihola ia, we t h o u g h t of arriving here earlier b u t were overtaken by evening, no'&tii&hl. T o become evening: to spend an evening; to detain until evening;_to d a r k e n , obscure. Aia a hele aku au e ho'ahiahi me 'olua, when I get there I'll spend t h e evening with you two. E kali kaua a ho'ahiahi iho, let's wait until evening begins to fall. ( P P N afiafi, P M P Ilabi.) ' a h l ' a l i l . To defame, slander, t a t t l e against: false report, defamation, slander. He po'e . . . e hele ana me ka 'ahi'ahi (Ier. 0.28), people . . . walking with slanders. ' A h i a h i a . Faint, obscure, f a d e d ; dim, as colors in t a p a or cloth. ' Ula'ula 'ahiahia, faded red. a h l a h l h i a . Overtaken by evening, a h i ' a l h o n u a . Volcano, volcanic fire, ' f t h l e h l e . Silvery gray, faded. Niihau. ' a h i h l . 1. Any plant with long r u n n e r s or creepers, as c u p of gold. Cf. hihi, entangled. 2. A low spreading bush (Metrosideros sp.)2 formerly numerous in N u ' u - a n u . Also called 'ahihi-lehua, lehua-'ahihi, 'ahihi-ku-ma-kua. ' a h l - k a - n a n S . A variety of 'ahi fish, renowned for fierce fighting.Fig., courageous. Ka pukaua 'ahi-ka-nana, a warrior, fierce as an 'ahi fish, a h i k a o . Fireworks (perhaps f r o m "scow," as fireworks were first displayed f r o m ships of explorers). a h i k o e . M a t c h . Also called kukaepele. Lit., scratching fire, a h i k o l i . To pass fire f r o m one c a n d l e n u t to t h e next on a chain (koli) or c a n d l e n u t torch. Lit., to fire t h e torch, ' a h i k u . Seven (especially in counting in a series); seven times. ' a h i l u . Hits of crustacea and bones f o u n d a t t h e opening of an octopus burrow, a h i m a k a n i . Gasoline. Lit., wind fire, ' f t h l n a . 1. Gray, gray- or white-haired. 2 . Blue denim cloth, dungarees. Rare.

'owili

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' ¿ h i n a h i n a . 1. Same as 'ahina, 1. 2. 2. T h e silversword ( A r g y r o z i p h i u m sandwicense), a native p l a n t found only a t altitudes of 6,000 feet or more on M a u i and Hawaii; t h e m a n y long silvery leaves forming a rounded rosette to t w o feet in diameter; a b o u t a h u n d r e d purplish, daisy-like flowers borne on an erect, leafy stem, which is a b o u t six feet high. Also called hinahina. 3. A n a t i v e spreading shrub, t o three feet high, found only at high altitudes (.Artemisia australis); leaves divided into narrow segments, hoary on under side; flowers in panicles, small, daisy-like. P o u n d e d leaves are used for a s t h m a . Also called hinahina. 4. Same as hinahina, 2, Florida moss. ' a h i n a - k u a h l w l . A native fern (Cyrtomium caryotideum), with f r o n d s 9 to 14 inches long, once divided into 6 to 18 broadly sickle-shaped pinnae, lobed at t h e base. a h i o . Lazy, indolent; to shirk work, loiter.

ahipeie. Match. ' a h i u . 1. Wild, u n t a m e d , as animals. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a wind common in t h e m o u n t a i n s of K a h a n a , Oahu. I aloha a'e au i ka 'Ahiu o Kahana, I greet the Wild Wind of K a h a n a . ' a h l u h i u . Kedup. of 'ahiu, 1. ' a h l w a . D a r k , sombre, dusky, a h o . 1. Line, cord, lashing, fishing line, kite string. Aho kakele, aho kalewa, trolling line. Aho loa, long line, as with several hooks for deep-sea fishing or for sounding. 2. B r e a t h ; to breathe. See ahonui, pauaho, paupauaho. Aho loa, to hold the breath for a long time, as divers and chanters; a long b r e a t h ; Jig., patience, h o ' a h o . A narrow escape; to escape by a slim margin; to have courage; to p u t f o r t h great effort. 3. It is better (always used a f t e r e, sometimes in comparisons). E aho ia, t h a t ' s better. E aho no ia, hala no ka la, it's good enough, t h e day passes [it is good enough for t h e needs of the day). E aho ka hele 'ana mamua o ka noho 'ana, it is better to go t h a n to stay. E aho nau, it's better for you. ' a h o . T h a t c h purlin and r a f t e r . Also called 'a'aho. See 'ahohui, 'ahokele, 'ahopi'o kuahui, 'ahopueo. 'Aho 'ai 'ole, a t h a t c h purlin t h a t is too short. h O ' a h o . To tie 'aho t o t h e f r a m e of t h e roof. ( P P N kaso, P M P kasaw.) ' a h o h u i . T h a t c h purlin support, a h o k a . Small lashing on t h e pueo main purlin, ' a h o k e l e . Horizontal t h a t c h purlin. (Kep. 183.) a h o l e . A fish (Kuhlia sandticensis) f o u n d in both fresh and salt water. T h e m a t u r e stage is ahole, t h e young stage aholehole. Because of the meaning of hole, to strip away, this fish was used for magic, as to chase away evil spirits and for love magic. I t was also called a "sea pig" (pua'a kai) and used ceremonially as a substitute for pig. Foreigners were sometimes called ahole because of the light skin of the fish. He ahole ka i'a, hole ke aloha, ahole is t h e fish, love is restless [of ahole fish used in love magicj. a h o - l e h i a . Hold in lua fighting, a h o l e h o l e . Young stage of t h e ahole, a fish, ' a h o l o . Sliding rock, landslide, avalanche. (For. 6:472.) a h o n a . Better, well, f o r t u n a t e , improved. Cf. aho, 3. Pehea 'oe? Ua ahona iki. How do you feel? A little better. Ke ahona ihola no ia, she's a little better just now. Ahona makou i ka 'ike 'ia e ka uka, we were f o r t u n a t e t o be seen by those on shore. Hahana ka 'aina, i ahona i ka makani, t h e h e a t of t h e land was relieved by t h e breeze. a h o n u i . Patience; patient, enduring, long suffering. Lit., great breath. Cf. aho loa, pauaho, paupauaho. Ua ahonui no 'oe i na popilikia, you have been patient in t h e times of trouble, h o ' a h o n u i . Causative/simulative. E ho'ahonui a'e a pau keia pilikia, be patient until this trouble is over, a h o ' o w i l i . Lashing fastening kaupaku roof t o kua Hole, upper ridgepole.

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' a h o p i ' o

' a l i o p l ' o k u a h u i . T h a t c h purlin support, a h o p u e o . Lashing on t h e pueo main purlin, ' a h o p u e o . Main purlin in a house, a h u . Heap, pile, collection, mass; altar, shrine, cairn; a traplike stone enclosure m a d e by fishermen for fish to enter; laid, as t h e e a r t h oven. Cf. ahu waiwai, ahuwale, O'ahu. Ahu kele, m u d heap; m u d d y . Ahu ka palai A h e a p of excreta [hence worthless; sometimes shortened to ahu only or to eahu ana]t Ahu ka 'ala'ala! A heap of squid bait! N o t worth much! Ahu wawa, a great din. Ahu ili, a large inheritance or transfer [said of reward, vengeance]. Ahu 'ena'ena, a red-hot heap [an ovenl. Ahu kupanaha in Hawai'i 'imi loa (Kep. 143), a mass of wondrous things in deep-delving Hawaii, ho'&hu. To pile or heap up; to lay away, as goods for the f u t u r e ; to collect; collection. Fig., to resent, dislike. Hale ho'ahu, storehouse, warehouse. Lumi ho'ahu, storeroom. E ho'ahu ana i ka huhu maluna o kila po'e, heaping up anger against those people. ' a h u . G a r m e n t or covering for t h e upper part of the body and shoulders, as a cape, shirt, coat; to p u t on or wear such; fine soft m a t , often used as a body covering; m a t used as a canoe cover; short for 'ahulula. Cf. 'a'ahu, 'ahu 'ao, 'ahu hlnano, 'ahu moena, 'ahunali'i 1, 'ahu 'o'eno, 'ahuua, 'ahu uhi wa'a, 'ahu'ula. 'Ahu 'Hi kanaka, commoner's skin cloak [commoner], a h u a . To swell, as a_wave; heap, mound, hillock; heaped, humped. Ahua one, sand dune, sandbank. *&hua. Young, as of t h e aku, kawakawa, and moano fishes. Rare. Cf. hua, egg, and 'ohua. a h u a h u . Healthy, vigorous; strength and vigor, as of animal or p l a n t ; to grow rapidly, thrive. Also called ehuehu. Ulu ahuahu, t o grow fast, to be big for one's age. *ahu 'ao. Choice m a t of fine strands of s o f t white young p a n d a n u s leaves, a b o u t one-half inch mesh. ' a h u ' a w a . 1. A sedge (Cyperus javanicus) one t o four feet high, with a basal t u f t of long narrow leaves and a radiating inflorescence borne a t t h e tip of a long slender stem. (Neal 79.) 2. Another coarse sed^e (Cyperus hypochlorus) similar t o t h e preceding one. b u t with green instead of brown flowers, ' a h u ' a w a - h a o l e . T h e umbrella plant, a leafless ornamental sedge (Cyperus alternifolius), one t o six feet high, t h e umbrella-shaped flowering head with a b o u t 20 grasslike rays a t the top of a slender stalk. (Neal 78.) Also called pu'uka'ahaole. a h u e . T o make two thicknesses by folding; t o double up, fold, as paper or t a p a . ' a h u h l n a n o . Soft, fine m a t g a r m e n t plaited f r o m fine strands of dried bracts of male pand a n u s flowers. *2hul. Bunch or cluster, as of bananas, grapes; whole p a n d a n u s f r u i t consisting of keys. 'Ahul waina, cluster of grapes. ' S h u t h a l a . 1. P a n d a n u s f r u i t . 2. P r o t u b e r a n c e of t h e vagina resulting f r o m syphilis; the roughness of t h e skin was t h o u g h t to suggest t h e p a n d a n u s fruit. a h u k O . To stone t o d e a t h ; slaughter by burying t h e victim in a pile of stones. H a k a u , halfbrother of 'Umi, was killed in this fashion (For. 4:205), and this method was used against t h e hero Kawelo. Ho'okahi wale no kumu e make ai o Kawelo, 'o ke kaua i ke ahukU, t h e r e was only one way to kill Kawelo, burial beneath stones, a h u l a u . Pestilence, epidemic; heaped up, as dead bodies. Ahulau ihola na kanaka i ka make (For. 5:219), slaughtered bodies w e r e h e a p e d up. a h u l l ' u . Overheated, as stones in an oven; white-hot. Ahuli'u ka imu, t h e oven is whitehot. a h u l u . Overdone, overcooked; o v e r c u l t i v a t e d . a s soil. 'Ai ahulu, overcooked food; fig., to pray t o death, poison.

k u a h u i

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' a h u l u . Discolored, foamy, feathery, choppy, uneven, mussed, ' a h u l u h u l u . 1. Young of t h e kumu fish. 2. Same as huluhulu._Ko'i 'ahuluhulu, planing adze, as for rough ('ahuluhulu) lumber, ' a h u m o e n a . Fine p a t t e r n e d mat, plaited with materials of different colors, ahun&ll'i. A land division. 'ahun&U'l. 1. A t a p a for chiefs, colored with c a n d l e n u t and noni and striped red. 2. Issue of a union of a male chief and a commoner. Also called waiki and kukae popolo. S h u n l h u n l . N a m e given for a fish of the 'opakapaka type. ' a h u ' o ' e n o . M a t t i n g with twilled p a t t e r n , associated with Kauai. (Laie 479.) a h u p u a ' a . 1. L a n d division usually extending f r o m t h e uplands to t h e sea, so called because t h e boundary was marked by a h e a p (ahu) of stones surmounted by an image of a pig (pua'a), or because a pig or other t r i b u t e was laid on t h e altar as tax to t h e chief. T h e landlord or owner of an ahupua'a m i g h t be a konohiki. 2. T h e altar on which t h e pig was laid as p a y m e n t to t h e chief for use of t h e ahupua'a land, ' a h u u a . Old t y p e of raincoat made of dried ti leaves fastened to an olona net, or consisting of a small m a t a b o u t four by six feet, m a d e of makaloa sedge, and so supple t h a t it could be rolled u p ; to wear this garment. Today, raincoat is kuka weke and kuka ua. ' a h u u h i w a ' a . M a t canoe covering t h a t protected paddlers in storms, ' a h u ' u l a . 1. F e a t h e r cloak or cape m a d e of t h e feathers of t h e 'o'o, 'i'iu-i and other birds, usually red or yellow trimmed with black or green, formerly worn by high chiefs and kings. T o d a y a b o u t 160 have been located in museums and collections of t h e world, the largest being in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu. I m i t a t i o n cloaks of plush, felt, paper, or dyed f e a t h e r s (rare) are worn today in pageants and by members of Hawaiian societies. 2. Hold in lua fighting. 3. See limu-'ahu'ula. a l i u u l u . See 'upena ahuulu. a h u w a l w a l . Storehouse, heap of goods. Hale ahu waiwai, storehouse, a h u w a l e . Exposed, conspicuous, in plain view; heaped up. Ahuwale ka mana'o, real t h o u g h t s or n a t u r e a r e exposed, as of something revealed in its t r u e colors, a i . 1. Coition; to have sexual relations. 2. Short for aia, there. Cf. ai hea, ai lalo. ai loa, ai luna. Ai i loko o ka hale, there in t h e house. 3. (Frequently pronounced ei.) Linking particle; see G r a m . 2.3. a i . I n t e r j e c t i o n of surprise. a'i. 1. Same as a'ia'i, 1. 2. Particle replacing i often in songs; usually written a i. Cf. a'e, a'o. Malihini ka 'ikena a'i na Kona, seeing t h e K o n a districts for t h e first time, ' a l . 1. Food or food plant, especially vegetable food as distinguished f r o m i'a, meat or fleshy food; o f t e n 'ai refers specifically to poi; harvest (Oihk. 19.9); to eat, destroy or consume as b y fire, erode; to taste, bite, t a k e a hook, grasp, hold on t o ; edible. Fig., to rule or enjoy t h e privileges and exercise the responsibilities of rule, and one who does so, as 'ai ahupua'a: t o rule an ahupua'a. the ruler of one; 'ai 'aina: t o own, control, and enjoy land; t h e owner of l a n d ; iai ali'i, 'ai lani, and 'ai li'i, to enjoy t h e comforts and honors and exercise t h e responsibilities of being a chief; 'ai 'ili: to control an 'ili land division, one who does control t h e 'ili; 'ai moku: t o rule a district or island [moku], one who rules one. Cf. 'aialo, 'ai kanaka, 'ai 'oko'a, 'ai pa'a, 'ai pala maunu, 'ai pilau, 'ai 'uha'uha, 'ai waiu. Various ways of eating m a y qualify 'ai, as 'ai hele, 'ai ku, and 'ai noa, t o e a t freely and w i t h o u t observance of taboos; 'ai kapu, t o e a t under t a b o o ; 'ai kau, t o feed by dropping poi directly f r o m t h e fingers Into t h e m o u t h .

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' a i k i

nene goose. Also called kukae-nene, lepo-neni, pu-nene. ala la. There! I told you so! There it is. ' » ' I ' a i a ' a l a . Same as 'a'I pala'e. ' a l a l o . Attendant of the chief's household, intimate of a chief. Lit., eating (in the] presence, 'ai ' a m i . T y p e of hula with little foot movement, but with hip revolving throughout the dance, ' a i a n a . Clothes iron; to iron, press, as clothes. Eng.

especially to feed a favorite child this way; 'ai maka, to eat raw; 'ai pau, to eat all. 'Ai 'aha, to tie with sennit. Mohai 'ai (Oihk. 2.14), cereal offering. Pa'u 'ai kaua (For. 4:53), sarong worn in battle. 'A'ohe kapu o ka'u pa hula, he 'ai ku, he 'ai hele, there are no taboos in my hula troupe, eat standing, eat on the run. 'A ohe 'ai 'o ka ma'i, the disease makes no advance. Kana 'ai, his food. Kona 'ai, his eating. hO'al. T o feed, give food to. ( P P N kai, P M P ka.) 2. Score, points in a game; stake, wager. 'Ehia 'ai e eo ai? How many points to win? 3. Dancing style or type. Cf. 'ai 'ami, 'ai ha'a. 4. Stroke or hold in lua fighting; spear thrust. Ka 'ai a ke kumu i koe ia 'oukou (For. 5:409), the teacher's stroke that you do not have [have not been taught], 5. Stone used in the kimo game other than the stone that is tossed and caught, which is the pBhaku kimo. ' a ' i . Neck, neck of a shirt or dress, neck of the iheihe fish net. Cf. 'Wiku, 'a'ilepe, 'a'i oeoe, 'a'i 'olo'olo, 'a'i-pahaha, 'a'ipala'e, 'a'ipau, 'a'ipu'u, 'a'i uaua. Lei 'a'i, necktie.

ala n a ' e . But, furthermore. ' a l a u . 1. T o look about with covetous or jealous eyes; to practice sorcery or poisoning. 2. Weary, discouraged by long continued work. ( A P . ) ' a i ' 6 . Debt; to owe. 'Ai'i pono 'ole, bad debt. Ha'awi 'ai'e, to lend on usury. hO'ai'C. T o loan, charge on account, borrow; charge_ account. Hale ho'ai'i, pawnshop. Ua hB'ai'e no anei 'oe i ka hale ktt'ai? Did you charge to the store? ' a l e a . 1. All species of the endemic Hawaiian genus Nothocestrum, soft-wooded shrubs and trees with ovate or oblong leaves, yellowish flowers, and whitish to reddish berries. One slender species was used for thatching sticks Caho) and fire-making. 2. Same as kawa'u, a native Ilex. Kauai. 3. Exhaustion. Rare. ' a l e a n a . Same as 'aiea, 3.

aia. 1. There, there it is, there . . . are (sometimes shortened to ai, with loss of the following particle i; see ai lalo, ai luna). Cf. also aia ho'i, aia ka, aia la, aia na'e, ai la, ai loa. Aia malaila ka hale, the house is there, there's the house. Aia i hea ka hale? Whero is the house? 2. Depending on, only if, only when, whatever, whenever. Aia no ia ia 'oe, depending on you; as you want; it's up to you; suit yourself. Aia no ia i kau ho'oholo 'ana, whatever you decide. Aia no i kahi e hana ana, it doesn't matter where the work is done; depending on where the work is done. Aia no i kau hele 'ana mai, whenever you want to come; depending on your coming. Alia wau e 'ae aku, aia 'ae mai 'o 'Aiwohi-kupua (Laie 485), before I consent, 'Aiwohi-kupua must agree. Aia a pau ka uhi 'ana o ka noe . . . ia manawa e 'ike aku ai i na mea apau (Laie 499), when the mist covering is gone, then everything may be seen. Aia a pau keia hana, when this work is done. Aia a hele aku au, when I go. 'A'ole 'oe e ola i ka mele ho'okahi, aia 'elua mele (For. 5:353). you won't be saved by one song, only with two songs. Aia aku a aia mai, 'ai kakou i ka na'aukake, every now and then we eat wieners, 'aia. Ungodly, irreligious, wicked, careless of observing taboos; wickedness. hG'ala. T o act wickedly or lead others astray, a l ' a . Var. of aia; here, like this, this way. 'ai ' a h a . See 'ai, l.

'ai h a ' a . Hula step danced with bended knees; the chanting for this dance is usually bombastic and emphatic ( U L 67). Lit., low style, 'al h a m u . See hamu. ' a l h e . Center of a taro corm, reserved for chiefs. (Kep. 165.) al hea, aia I Ilea. Where? a l l i u a w a ' a . Vagabond; to wander, roam. ( A P . ) ' a l h u e . T o steal, rob; thief. ' a i h u e a , ' a t h u e h t a , 'athuella, ' a l h u e n l a . Passive/imperative forms of 'aihue. ' a l h u e k a n a k a . T o kidnap; kidnapper, ' a l h t i m u h u m u . T o eat in order to destroy; to destroy wantonly or by violence or sorcery, ' a l k a . Hard and poor tasting, as thin or Inferior fish. a i k a h a ' u l a . Lascivious dream (Kaha'ulawasthe name of a mischievous oversexed spirit thought to bring dreams of coition [ai]). Cf. For. 5:229. ' a ' i k a l a . Collar. Lit., neck collar (Eng.). ' a l k a l o p a ' a . Unpounded taro. Fig., difficult problem that must be chewed, as whole taro. ' A l - k a n a k a . Name of a star, 'ai k a n a k a . Cannibal, man-eater: to eat human flesh. a l k a n e . Friend; friendly; to become a friend. See hale aikane. KSna aikane, his friend. Moe aikane, to commit sodomy (o6s.). h o ' a i k a n e . T o be a friend, make friends, ' a i k a p a . A privileged friend who shares the profits of a friend's land, sometimes sharing in the work; one who shares a friend's spouse; to share land or spouse; to pay part of a debt but withhold the remainder. Lit., eat [on the] border. 'ai k a p u . T o eat under taboo; to observe eating taboos, ' a l k a w e l e . See kawele, 2. ' a l k e n a . Sick and tired of a person or situation, exhausted, discouraged, fatigued, ' a l k e p a . T o cut or tear obliquely, as with teeth or edged instrument; to seize or tear with the teeth; to fit by rabbeting, rabbet, 'al k e p a k e p a . Redup. of 'ai kepa; to snap the jaws; to speak rapidly, as with overlapping words; to talk too much or too fast, •aiki. T o light up dimly; to look furtively, peek, peer, h o ' a l k l . T o make shine a little; to open the eyes a little to see; to peek.

ata h o ' l . Behold! See there! 'I maila ke Akua, Aia ho'i (Kin. 1.29), and God said. Behold, ' a i a h u a . Same as 'aia. a ' f a ' i . 1. Bright, as moonlight; fair, white, clear, pure, brilliant, shining; brightness, clearness. PBhaku a'ia'i, crystal. Wahine 'Hi a'ia'i, woman with skin that is fair and clear. h o ' a ' l a ' l . T o whiten, clear, shine, whitewash, remove rust or dirt; white, clear, shining. Fig., to clarify, brighten, as a tarnished reputation. 2. A native tree or shrub (Pseudomorus sandwicensis [P. brunoniana is a synonym]), with narrow-ovate leaves, and milky sap; a member of the fig family. (Neal 255.) ' a i ' a l . 1. See 'opu 'ai'ai. 2. Dependent, one living on the resources of another, - ' a l ' a l . (With ho-) hO'ai'ai. T o release, as war captives. 'al'alS. Redup. of 'aia. He ali'i 'ino a me ka 'ai'aia (Kep. 63), a chief wicked and impious, 'al'alele. Swinging, unsteady motion, ' a i ' a l o h u a . Name given for persons sacrificed for not observing taboos during the offering of prayers by the king. (Kep. 139.) aia ka. There now! So it is there after all! ' a l - a - k a - h o n u . Same as hulu-manu, a seaweed. Lit., turtle food. 'al-a-ka-nCng. A native trailing, woody plant (iCoprosma ernodeoides), with narrow, tiny leaves and black, berry-like fruits. Lit., food of the

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' A - i k i - k a u - e - l o n o

ing; to take a depth sounding; to draw lots. Cf. hailona. Ho'ailona helu, plural sign or marker; algebra. Ho'ailona mahele, measure signature in music. Hd'ailona mele, clef in music. Hd'ailona mo'l, badge or emblem of royalty, sceptre. Ka pana 'ana aku i ka hd'ailona (1 Sam. 20.20), shooting at a mark.

A - l k l - k a u - e - l o n o . Name of a star, possibly Sirius. Also called Hiki-kau-e-lono. ' A l k i o p a , A i t l o p a . Ethiopia; Ethiopian. Eng. ' a l k o i a . Interjection of scorn or derision, especially rejoicing over others' misfortunes, with meaning "serves you right"; as a verb, to use this term. hO'alkoia. T o treat contemptuously; to rejoice over the misfortunes of others ^sarcastic, contemptible. Ho'aikola noho'i na la'auka'a muluna ou (Isa. 14.8), the fir trees rejoice at thee. Ho'aikola noho'i kau hana, you do such contemptiblo things. ' A l k o ' o . Name of a wind at Nu'alolo, Kauai. (For. 5:95.)

ai l u n a , aia I l u n a . Up there. ' a l m a m a . Light meal, snack. ' A i - m a u n u . Name of a wind at Hana, Maui. (For. 5:101.) Lit., bait eating. ' a l - m l k a n a . Linnet, California house finch, papaya bird (Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis), an early introduction to Hawaii, now well established throughout the Hawaiian Islands. Lit., papaya eater.

' a ' I k f l . 1. High collar, stiff collar. 2. Spasmodic affection of the neck muscles which draws the head toward the affected side, a torticollis; stiff neck. 3. Croup, ' a i - k a p e l e . Medicinal juices mixed with poi or mashed sweet potato, used to build up strength. Lit., kneaded poi. ' A l k u p l k a , A l g u p l t a . Egypt; Egyptian. Eng. al la. Short for aia la. ' a l i a . Any oil, grease, lard; to oil, grease. Eng. Many kinds of oil and grease are listed below. 'Aila hamo, rubbing oil, ointment; to oil, lubricate, 'al 13. Scorched by the sun. 'allaea. Same as 'ailea. ' a i l a h o n u a . Kerosene. Lit., earth oil. 'aila h o ' o m a l o ' o pena. Turpentine. Lit., oil for drying paint, ' a l i a h o ' o n a h a . Castor oil. Lit., purge oil. ai lalla, aia I iaila. There, to be there. Ai laila lakou e noho nei, they are living in that place, 'aila k £ p a m a ( s e p a m a ) . Sperm oil. Eng. 'alia k o k a ( k o d a ) . Cod-liver oil. 'aila k o l l . Castor oil. Lit., castor-bean oil. ai lalo, aia 1 lalo. Down there, 'alia m a h u . Kerosene. Lit., steam oil. ' a l l a n a . 1. In love (noted only in one song, 'ailana ka tnana'o). 2. Island. Eng. 'alia palal. Frying oil. Eng. 'aila p u a ' a . Lard, pork grease, 'ai lau. 1. T o eat a great deal. 2. A bundle of cooked taro wrapped in ti leaves, 'ailea. Gasoline (contraction of 'aila, oil, and ea, air). ' a ' l l e p e . Kuffles, folds, gathers about the neck; to make ruffles; to ruffle feathers, as a grouse. (AP.) ' a ' l l l . 1. T o struggle for breath; to breathe with convulsions, gasp, pant, twitch, jerk. 2. T o pull, as weeds. (Kep. 157.) ' a ' l l i a . Passive/imperative of 'd'ili. ' a l i i h l . Same as 'aikapa. ' a ' l l i ' l l i . Bedup. of 'd'ili. ' A l l i k l , Alrlsl. Irish. Eng. ' a l - l l m a - l k l . A method of lua fighting; to grab the little finger of an adversary and twist it. al loa, aia 1 loa. Away off in the distance. ' A i - l o l l . Name of a wind at Iiaupo, Maui. (For. 5:101.) Lit., sea cucumber food, ' a l l o l o . 1. Ceremony marking the end of training, so called because the student ate ('ai) a portion of the head, and especially the brains (,lolo), of a fish, dog, or hog offered to the gods; to partake of the ceremony. Ua 'ailolo i ka pua'a hiwa, taking part in the ceremony marking the completion of training by eating a portion of the head of an entirely black pig. Ild'allolo. Causative/simulative. 2. Skilled, trained, proficient. Ua 'ailolo 'oia i ka hula, he is trained in the hula, - ' a l l o n a . (With ho-) hO'allona. Sign, symbol, emblem, mark, signal, target, credential, token of recognition, a lot that is cast; depth sound-

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'al m o k u . Ruler of a moku, district or island; to rule a moku, ' a l n a . 1. Meal. Cf. 'aina ahiahi, 'aina awakea, 'aina kakahiaka, and 'ai, to eat. Hale 'aina, restaurant. 2. Passive/imperative of 'ai, 1; eaten, consumed, devoured. 3. Rejected, as refuse, especially of sugar cane. Ipu 'aina, slop basin. Ko 'aina, sugar-cane refuse or bagasse after juice is extracted, ' a i n a . Sore, aching; stiffness, as from overexercise. ' a i n a . L^nd, earth. Cf. 'ai, to eat, 'aina, kama'aina. 'Aina ho'oiiina, inherited property or estate. Ua mau ke ea o ka 'aina i ka pono (motto of Hawaii), the life of the land is preserved in righteousness, ' a ' i n a . Crackling, snapping; an explosive sound, sharp report, bang (rare), loud prolonged sound, peal (less common than 'u'ina), Cf. 'a'a'ina. Kani 'a'ina, to crackle, peal, ' a i n a a h l a h l . Evening meal, supper, dinner, ' a l n a awakea. Noon meal, lunch, ' a l n a 'e. Foreign land. Ko na 'aina 'e (Mat. 10.5), of the Gentiles, ' a l n a h a n a n . Land of one's birth, native land, homeland, birthplace. Cf. one hanau. ' a ' I n a h l a . Passive/imperative of 'a'ina. ' A i n a - H o ' a n o . Holy Land, ' a l n a h o ' o k f i ' o n o ' o n o . Homestead, homesteading land. Lit., land for security, ' a i n a h o ' o p u l a p u l a . See pulapula. ' a ' l n a ' i n a . Redup. of 'a'ina. ' a i n a k a k a h i a k a . Morning meal, breakfast, ' a l n a - k e a . A good-looking variety of sugar cane, of medium height, striped red and green or yellow, pith white and brown, leaves and leaf sheaths with white markings; used in medicine. Also called pu-kea. ' a l n a - k e a - m e l e m e l e . A variety of sugar cane, the yellow mutant of 'aina-kea. ' a l n a k l n l . N a v y blue cotton cloth, ' a l n a kO. Cane trash, bagasse. Cf. 'aina, 3. ' a i n a k f l ' a i . Land purchased or for sale; land in fee simple. ' a l n a k f l p o n o . Land free from all rent and taxes. ' a i n a lei a l l ' l . Crown lands, ' a i n a m a k u a . Fatherland, ' a i n a n u i . Great power, great land, ' a l n a ' o l e . N o t eaten or consumed; without vegetable foods. He makau 'aina 'ole, a hook that a fish will not bite. ' A l n a - ' O m a ' o m a ' o . Greenland, ' a i n a p u a . Poetic name for China. Lit., flower land. ' a i n a p u n l ' o l e . Continent. Lit., land not surrounded. ' a i n e a . Exhausted by strain and trouble, tired, weary. ' a i n e m a n e m a . T o criticizc severely, bunt for flaws, split hairs.

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— akaakalani ' a l n i h a . Bad-tempered, cross. See kUpalalki for example. ' a i n o a . T o eat without observance of taboos. 'alO. 1 . A wave t h a t rises and falls without breaking; a swell. 2 . Heigh-ho. Eng. ' V I o e o e . Slim-necked: a slim or slender neck. Nickname for wives of early missionaries because their bonnets made their necks appear slim. ' a l ' a k o ' a . Cooked unpounded taro. Lit., whole taro. Kauai. Also called kalo pa'a. a l ' o l e . Or. Ua makemake anei 'oe i kela papale ai'ole i klia? Do you want this hat or that [one) ? ' a ' l ' o l o ' o l o . Sagging of the chin and throat, as in old age; double chin; goiter, ' a ' l ' o ' o l e ' a . Stiff neck. Fig., disobedience, obstinacy; obstinate, ' a l p a ' a . Cooked taro pounded into a hard mass not mixed with water, sometimes preserved in ti-leaf bundles. Fig., a difficult problem. Lit., hard poi. ' a ' l - p a h & h a . Mumps. Lit., swollen neck, «a'l p a l a ' e . Scrofula, a scrofulous neck. Also called 'a'* 'ala'ala.

'0_ke aka ka 'oukou, e ke akua, 'o ka 'i'o ka makou, yours is the essence, O god, ours the material part. 3 . E m b r y o a t the moment of conception. 4 . Newly hatched fish in the stage in which j t s body is still transparent. Cf. hSuli, mana, kakau. S . Knuckles, as of hands or ankles; joints of the backbone; node and stalk

of kava; kava slip for planting,

a k a - . Carefully, slowly. Cf. akahai, akahana, akahao, akahele, akahoe, akaholo, akaku'u, akalewa, akanahe, akanoho, aka'olelo. a k a . But, however, nevertheless, on the other hand. ' a k a . T o laugh; laughter. 'Aka iki, sly laughter: to laugh a little, giggle, chuckle. h O ' a k a . T o provoke laughter; laughter. Cf. ho'omake'aka. ' a k a ' a . T o tear off, peel; to break open, as a seal (Hoik. 5.2); to fall off or down, as old thatching of a house; to break up, as the sides of a house; to uproot; ruffled, as feathers. Niu 'aka'a, coconut with flesh that shakes: such coconut flesh, h o ' a k a ' a . Causative/simulative, a k a ' a l . T o eat slowly, carefully, a k a a k a , a k a k a . 1. Clear, luminous, transparent; thin, as cloth; shining, bright, distinct. Cf. mdakaaka. h o ' a k a a k a . T o clarify, explain, render intelligible, provide clearly for, prescribe; explanation, clarification. 'Olelo ho'akaaka mua, preface. Na mea apau i ho'akaaka 'ole 'ia ma ke kanawai, all things not expressly provided for by law. 2 . A white and very thin tapa. 3 . A downy, thorny, branching plant ( S o l a n u m aculeatissimum), one to three feet high, from tropical America. I t bears round scarlet fruits an inch in diameter, which are strung for leis. Also called klkania-lei. ' a k a ' a k a . T o l a u g h , ridicule; laughter, merriment. h O ' a k a ' a k a . T o cause laughter, create mirth, jeer, ridicule, pretend to laugh. 'Olelo hd'aka'aka, witticism, amusing speech. Ki'i ho'aka'aka, cartoon. ' a k a ' a k a ' a . Redup. of 'aka'a; peeled, as the skin by sunburn or by drinking kava; peeling; ruffled. Fig., exhausted, thin. Kukae 'aka'aka'a, pellet-lik'1. excreta, as of rabbits. Ua mahuna i ka 'auia, ua 'aka'aka'a, scaly with kava, peeling, a k a ' a k a ' a w a . An endemic begonia ( H i l l e b r a n dia sandwicensis), a succulent herb with oblique, rounded, lobed leaves four to eight inches in diameter and with sprays of small pink flowers, found only In shaded, damp ravines. (Neal 527.) Kauai. Also called pua-maka-nui. a k a a k a h i ' u . Same as akahi'u, ' a k a ' a k a i . 1. T h e great bulrush (Scirpus talidus, formerly called S. lacustris), from North America, that grows on the edge of fresh or brackish water marshes in Hawaii. T h e plants have unbranched, slender, green stems, three to nine feet high, looking like giant onion plants. Formerly Hawaiians used them for house thatch or plaited them into mats for the lower layers of beds or for some temporary purposes, as the material is not durable. (Neal 80.) 'Ai 'aka'akai, to eat bulrushes [fresh poi, which was not liked]. 2 . The common onion ( A l l i u m cepa); the tops look like those of the great bulrush. (Neal 165.)

'ai pala maunu. To eat a dab of bait. Fig., to

take the leavings of others, to steal another's mate. He 'ai pala maunu na ka pole loa'a ( K e p . 103), an eater of bait dabs belonging to people with possessions [a scavenger, beggar], ' a i p a l a n l h o . Same as 'ai pala maunu. Lit., to eat t o o t h tartar. ' S ' l p a u . Glandular swelling In the neck, thyroid, ' a l p i l a u . Eater of filth; to eat rotten food: rotten food; an insulting epithet for a sorcerer who prays others to death. See manu-'ai-pilau. ' a l p f i ' a l a . To gulp, choke, suffocate. Rare. ' a l p o ' o l a . Feast to celebrate the completion of a nard task or project. Lit., food [for] workers [in the ] sun. ' a l p u n l . To encircle, go around, encompass, environ. Cf. po'ai puni. ' a ' l p u ' u . Lumped, calloused, or swollen neck; swelling of the neck or shoulder, said to be caused by carrying heavy burdens; one with a calloused neck, ' a l p u ' u p u ' u . Lumpy poi. ' a ' I p u ' u p u ' u . Steward, butler, so called because the chief's steward got calluses {pu'upu'u) on his shoulders from carrying food. Wa a 'a'Ipu'upu'u (Laie 461). canoe with provisions. h o ' & ' I p u ' u p u ' u . T o appoint or make one a steward; to act as one, as by waiting on the table; to issue provisions, ' a ' l u a u a . Stiff neck. Fig., stubborn, ' a l ' u h a ' u h a . T o eat wastefully; a wasteful or riotous eater, a l w a . Same as alwaiwa. Kapu-aiwa (name of Kamehameha V), mysterious taboo, ' a l w a . Nine (usually in counting in a series); nine times. ' a l w a l O . Nursing, suckling, as an infant; to nurse, suckle; a nursing child, unweaned animal. Lit., to eat milk. a l w a f w a . Inexplicable, mysterious, fathomless, incomprehensible, wonderful because of divinity; wonderfully proficient or skilled; weirdly bad, notorious, h o ' a i w a l w a . Mystifying, causing wonder; to mystify, a k a . 1. Shadow. Aka lehulehu, shadow of the multitude; fig., a well-worn path. Ili i ke aka, to cast a shadow. 'Olelo i ke aka ka hele ho'okahi, one going alone talks to the shadow, h o ' o a k a . To cast a shadow. Cf. hoaka. ( P P N 'ata, P M P qantaD.) 2. Reflection, image, likeness (Nah. 12.8); faint glimmer preceding the rising of the moon; essence of an offering rather than the flesh; to appear, of moonlight. M a n y words compounded with aka express clarity, brightness, related to this meaning. Cf. hoaka, 3.

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' a k a ' a k a i - k l k a n l a . A common variety of onion, ' a k a ' a k a l - k u l a p e p e l a o . Big, yellowish onion. Lit., earring onion. ' a k a ' a k a l - k O m a k a h i k i . A purplish annual onion. ' a k a ' a k a i l a u . Green onion; the leaves are eaten with salt salmon. Lit., leaf onion, ' a k a ' a k a i - m a h i n a . A wild onion, used for sore throat. Lit., moon onion, so called because the curve of the section of the bulb suggests a crescent moon,

'aka'akai-naku. Bulrush,

' a k a ' a k a i - p i l a u . Garlic ( A l l i u m sativum). ' a k a ' a k a i - p O p O . Garlic. Lit., bunched onion, a k a a k a l a n i . Afterglow.

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' a k a ' a k o ' a

' a k a ' a k o ' a . A variety of seaweed (Ectocarpus). a k a ' a w a . A tall endemic climber (Smilax sandwicensis) with tendrils and shiny, leathery, heart-shaped leaves; used for tying rafters. Also called hoi-kuahiwi. ' i k a h a . Same as 'ekaha, bird's-nest fern. (Probably P P N kalafa, P M P katapang.) a k a h a l . Modest, gentle, unassuming, meek. Pdmaika'i ka po'e akahai, no ka mea, e lilo ka honua ia lakou ( M a t . 5.5), blessed are t h e meek for they shall inherit t h e earth. ' a k a h a - k a - n a ' l . N a m e of a kind of white t a p a . a k a h a n a . T o work carefully or slowly, a k a h a o . To pick u p carefully, as food, a k a h e l e . Slow or m o d e r a t e in doing anything, cautious, careful. Ka no'ono'o akahele, careful consideration. E hikiwawe mai i ka lohe, e akahele ho'i i ka 'olelo, be quick t o hear b u t slow t o speak. l i o ' a k a h e l e . Causative/simulative, ' a k a h i . 1. One (especially in counting in a series). Pd'akahi, M o n d a y . 'Akahi kahi ana, 'o ka 'Ewa iki, 'o ka 'Ewa nut, a single unit then, lesser ' E w a and greater ' E w a . 2. For t h e first time, never before. ' A k a h i no 'oe a hiki ma'ane'i? Is this t h e first t i m e you have come here? H a v e you ever been here before? 'Akahi no au a 'ike iS Hilo, this is t h e first t i m e I ' v e seen Hilo. 'Akahi no au a lohe i ka hekili, I ' v e never heard such t h u n d e r . 3. To have just. 'Akahi no a pau ka'u ha'awina, m y lesson is j u s t finished,

a k a l e w a . T o sway t h e hips daintily, deliberately, and gracefully.

'akallo, asario. Farthing. a k a l u l i . To move slowly, carefully.

'akama, adama. Adamant. Eng. a k a m a l . Smart, clever, expert; smartness, skill. Cf. akeakamai. Na 'olelo akamai a Kolomona, t h e proverbs of Solomon, h o ' a k a m a l . T o m a k e wise or s m a r t ; t o m a k e a pretense of wisdom; to show off, display erudition; theorist.

'Akamu, Adamu. Adam. Eng.

a k a n a h e . Careful, gentle in behavior a n d speech, a k a n o h o . T o sit quietly, live cautiously. a k a ' G l e l o . T o speak cautiously, deliberately, in moderation, a k a o ' o . Stingy, miserly, hard, ' a k a p a n e . Same as 'apapane, a bird. ' a k a u . 1. Right (not left). Cf. mikaukau, hema. Ma ka 'akau, huli, right, face; nana ma ka 'Skau, dress right [military commands]. 2. N o r t h (when one faces west, t h e direction of t h e sun's course, t h e right h a n d is t o t h e north). ( P P N mata'u, P M P taqu.) a k a u a h e l o . To go here and there, v a g a b o n d ; vagabond. a k a ' u l a . Ked sunset, looked u p o n as a sign t h a t rain will clear. Lit., red shadow, a k e . 1. Liver. Cf. akeloa, akemama. Ma'i 'ai ake, tuberculosis. ( P P N 'ate, P M P qatey.) 2. T o desire, yearu [the emotions and intelligence were t h o u g h t to be centered within t h e body]. Ake nui no lakou e ha'ule ka ua, t h e y w a n t very much for rain to fall, ' a k e . T o find fault, slander. See kl. a k e a . 1. Broad, wide, spacious, open, public, a t large; full, as a skirt; b r e a d t h , width. Fig., liberal. Piliwaiwai akea, open gambling. Akea ka no'ono'o, broad-minded. Ho'ike akea, a public report; to lay before t h e public. Ke ho'olaha 'ia aku nei ma ke akea, there is being widely advertised hereby, h o ' a k e a . T o widen, broaden, enlarge, m a k e public; broadening; t o escape (rare). E ho'akea i ke kolone, extend t h e column [a military command]. 2. (Cap.) Var. of WSkea. ' a k e a . Starboard or outer hull of a double canoe, a k e a k a m a i . A lover of wisdom, seeker a f t e r knowledge, philosopher, scientist; philosophy, science; scientific. Lit., to desire wisdom, a k e a k e . Quick, ready, as to do a kindly deed, ' a k c ' a k c . Hawaiian s t o r m petrel (Oceanodroma

'akahi akahi. Inexperienced, trying out for the first t i m e j novice, beginner. E akahele ka mea 'akahi akahi i ka lu'u, let t h e inexperienced be careful in diving. 'A'ole no i 'ike loa no ka mea 'akdhi akahi, [I] did not know m u c h because of inexperience.

a k a h i ' u . Base of caudal fin. Also called akaakahi'u. a k a h o e . To paddle carefully, silently, a k a h o l o . To sail or r u n cautiously, ftkal. By t h e sea. Ko dkai, those by t h e sea. & k a ' l k a ' l . Large, potbellied, plump, a k a k a . Var. spelling of akaaka, 1. ' a k a k a . 1. A rent, split, chink, separation: to crack, split, scale. 2 . Also a g a t a . Agate. Eng. ' a k a k a n e . Same as 'apapane, a honey creeper,

'akake, agate. Agate. Eng.

' a k a k S . Spry, quick, nimble, especially a b o u t getting into people's way or into trouble,

'akakl, agatl. Agate. Eng.

' a k a k l h l . Same as 'akakl. Rare. a k a k o l e . Destitution, p o v e r t y ; poor, a k a k f l . Vision, trance; reflection, as in a mirror; t o see a vision.

cryptoleucura). castro a k e a k e a . 1. Same as hHkeakea, f a d e d ; t o fade. 2. A kind of gray t a p a . ' a k e ' a k e ' a . T o block, hinder, obstruct, interfere; obstruction, block. a k £ k e . l . Var. of keke, potbellied. 2 . N a m e given for t h e 'o'opu-hue, puffer fish, and listed By Malo. (Malo 40.) ' a k e k e . Cindery or pebbly soil; cinder, ' a k e k e ' e . A honey creeper (Loxops coccinea caeruleirostris). Called 'd'Q-holo-wai a n d 'akepa on Kauai. ' a k e k e k e . X. R u d d y t u r n s t o n e (Arenaria interpres interpres), a winter m i g r a n t t o Hawaii, occurring in small flocks which rise and wheel together. Also called keke. 2 . T o talk loquaciously in a friendly, hospitable m a n n e r , bidding a guest t o feel a t home, m a k e himself c o m f o r t able, eat plenty. Cf. heahea. 3 . R e d u p . of 'Skeke, cinder.

akakQ anuenue. The phenomenon known as

t h e Specter of t h e Brocken, seen a t Hale-a-ka-la C r a t e r . Lit., rainbow apparition, a k a k u ' u . Lessened, diminished, mitigated; t o cease, abate, grow calm, stop, as wind, surf, rain, anger, grief, pain; settled, calmed, quieted, appeased. Ua akaku'u mai ke ali'i, 'a'ole inu lama hou, t h e chief has calmed down, he doesn't drink a n y more. ' a k a l a . 1. Pink. 2. T w o endemic raspberries (Rubua hawaiiensis and R. macraei); and t h e thimbleberry (B. rosaefolius), f r o m southeastern Asia. (Neal 342.) Also called 'akalakala, Bla'a. 3. D y e m a d e f r o m 'akala juice. 4. A pink t a p a . 5. Same as kala, a seaweed. ' A k a l a k a l a . 1. Same as 'akala, 2, 3. 2. Pinkish. Rare. a k a l a n l . Same as akaakalani. a k a l a u . T h e ghost or spirit of a living person seen by others, a sign of calamity. Lit., m a n y shadows. a k a l e l . String of multicolored glass beads. Lit., bead reflections. —

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'Akelanlka, Atelantka. Atlantic. Eng. 'akele, akere. Acre. Eng.

' a k e l e k e l e . T o escape f r o m d a n g e r or sickness; t o h a v e a narrow escape,

'akelika, akerlda. See 'uhini-'akelika.

a k e l o a . Spleen. Lit., long liver. 12

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' a k o

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'Akena, agena. Agent. Eng.

' a k l a l o a . A g r o u p of H a w a i i a n h o n e y c r e e p e r s w i t h long, c u r v e d bill, olive or yellow-green a b o v e , l i g h t e r below (Hemignathus obscurus G m e l i n ) , w i t h subspecies o n H a w a i i (obscurus), L a n a l (lanaiensis), O a h u (ellisianus). Also o n K a u a i t h e Hemignathus procerus C a b a n l s , which h a s t h e longest c u r v e d b e a k , f o r sipping h o n e y a t t h e b a s e of 'ie'ie a n d halapepe leaves. Cr. 'iwi, 'i'iwi. Also called 'akihi-loa, kipi. ' a k l h l - a - l o a . S a m e a s 'akialoa a n d 'akihi-loa. ( M a l o 39.) ' a k l h l - k e ' e h l - ' a l e . A small b l a c k sea b i r d , p r o b a b l y a s t o r m y petrel (Oceanodroma), of which t w o d a r k , s o o t y species a r e k n o w n a b o u t t h e H a w a i i a n Islands, especially t h o s e t o t h e n o r t h w e s t . Lit., billow-treading 'akihi. ' a k i h i - l o a . S a m e a s 'akialoa. ' a k i h i - p O l e n a . A bird listed b y M a l o . ( M a l o 39.)

akepahaOla. Lung. akep&hOla. Lung.

' a k l h l - p o ' o - l & ' a u . T h e nuku-pu'u h o n e y creeper wilsoni). See nukuof H a w a i i (Hemignathus pu'u. ' a k i h o ' o l a n a . D r y d o c k . Lit., floating canoe-rest, ' a k l ' i k l ' l . D i p n e t , a s used in fishing uhu. Also called 'upena paki'iki'i. ' a k l k a , a c l d a . Acid. Eng. E malama pono iho 'oe i ke ki'aha wai 'akika (song), w a t c h c a r e f u l l y f o r t h e glassful of acid,

a k e m a k a . R a w liver, a s e a t e n a f t e r cleaning and salting. a k e m a k a n l . L u n g . Also called akepShBla, aketnSmS. Lit., w i n d liver. S k e m & m a . L u n g . Lit., light liver, a k e n a . T o b o a s t , b r a g , a d m i r e , praise. Keiki akena a ha'anui, child b o a s t e r a n d e x a g g e r a t o r . ftkenakena. R e d u p . of akena. a k e n l ' a u . Spleen. Lit., coconut^ m i d r i b liver. a k e - o - M t l u . H o l d in lua fighting. Lit., M i l u ' s liver. ' & k e p a . 1. G r o u p of small s c a r l e t or yellowg r e e n H a w a i i a n honey creepers ( L o x o p s coccinea G m e l i n ) , w i t h subspecies on H a w a i i (coccinea), M a u i (ochracea), O a h u (rufa), and Kauai (caeruleirostris). Aiso called 'akepeu'ie. 2. Quick, nimble, sprightly, active, a k e p a ' a . Liver (more specific t h a n ake). (Oihk. 3.4.) Lit., firm liver. A k e p a k e p a . 1. U n k e m p t , as h a i r ; oblique. 'Oki 5kepakepa, t o c u t obliquely, a s fish. 2 . R a r e v a r . of kepakepa, 1. a k e p a u . T u b e r c u l o s i s , c o n s u m p t i o n . Lit., fini s h e d liver. ' a k e p e u ' i e . S a m e as 'akepa, 1. ' a k e u . Active, lively, q u i c k ; p l e a s a n t , sociable, ' a k e u k e u . R e d u p . of 'akeu. a k e ' u k e ' u . T o find f a u l t , c o n t r a d i c t , h i n d e r , ' a k i . 1. T o t a k e a nip a n d let go; t o nibble, a s fish; t o b i t e off t h e b a r k of s u g a r c a n o ; to heal, a s a w o u n d ; to scar o v e r ; s h a r p r e c u r r i n g p a i n , as in head or s t o m a c h . Fig., to a t t a c k , t a u n t , s n a p a t ; _ s l a n d e r (Hal. 50.20); b a c k b i t e r ( R o m a 1 . 3 0 ) . 'Opu 'aki, severe s t o m a c h - a c h e . Aki ka nuku, t o press t h e lips t i g h t l y t o g e t h e r . PUS e lilo ai ia i mea i hd'ino 'ia ai, i me a e 'aki ai (Ezek. 5.15), so it shall be a r e p r o a c h a n d a taunt. h O ' a k l . Causative/simulative. (PPN kali, F M P kaRat.) 2. H e i g h t , tip, t o p (prec e d e d by ke). Ku i ke 'aki, t o s t a n d a t t h e t o p [to h a v e success], 3. Pillow. 4. Block on which a c a n o e is p l a c e d on t h e shore. Also called lona. 6. Filled, as a c a n o e w i t h waves. 6. S a m e as 'aki'aki, 2, a r u s h . ( K L line 66.) ' S k i . 1. H a i r s w i t c h ; k n o t f a s t e n i n g p l a i t s or b r a i d s of h a i r ; t o a d d long s t r a n d s of hair. Ua 'aki 'ia ka lauoho, ua like ka lo'ihi o ka 'aki me ka pupU olona, t h e h a i r is l e n g t h e n e d w i t h long switches; t h e s w i t c h e s a r e a s long a s olona b u n c h e s . 2. T o furl, a s sails. 3. S a m e a s kikl, f a s t . Rare. ' S k l a . 1. E n d e m i c s h r u b s a n d t r e e s ( W i k s t r o e m i a spp.) with small leaves, t i n y yellowish flowers, a n d yellow t o red, small, ovoid one-seeded f r u i t s . T h e b a r k yields a fiber; t h e b a r k , roots, a n d l e a v e s (as W. oahuensis) a n a r c o t i c . Used for fish poisoning. (Neal 540.) Varieties a r e q u a l i fied b y t h e t e r m s lau-nui, menialo, a n d pehu. Also called kauhi. 2. T o f e r m e n t ; v e r y sour, as poi. 'Ai 'akia, sour poi. 3. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of 'aki, 1. 4. Also Asia. Asia; Asian, Asiatic. Eng. a k l a h a l a . S a m e a s kanawao, 1, small e n d e m i c trees. ' a k i ' a k i . 1. R e d u p . of 'aki, 1; t o nibble, as a fish; constant snapping at, attacking. 2. Seashore r u s h grass (Sporobolus virginicus), a coarse A m e r i c a n g r a s s growing on s a n d y b e a c h e s ; u s e d t o exorcise spirits. (Neal 61.) Also called mSnienie-'aki'aki, manienie-mahikihiki, a n d mfinienie-maoli. 3 . A k i n d of c o a r s e r e d seaweed (Ahnfeltia concinna), a good s o u r c e of gelatin. ( K L line 41.) Called 'eleau on M a u i , ' a k l ' a k l - h a o l e . Buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), a n A m e r i c a n g r a s s used f o r l a w n s . S o m e p e o p l e believed t h a t b u f f a l o grass c o u l d b e used t o exorcise spirits b e c a u s e i t h a d b e e n given t h e s a m e n a m e ('aki'aki) as t h e seashore r u s h grass, w h i c h was used f o r t h i s p u r p o s e . Also called manienie-'aki'aki.

'akika kapollka, aslda cabollka. Carbolic acid.

Eng. ' a k l k i . 1. D w a r f e d ; dwarf Cf. 'ukiki. 2. S a m e a s 'ttkikiki, y o u n g of 'Bpakapaka fish, ' a k i k l k i . T h e K a u a i creeper (Loxops maculata bairdi, f o r m e r l y Paroreomyza bairdi). ' a k i - l o l o . 1. A wrasse fish of t h e hlnalea t y p e (Gomphosus vorius). T h i s fish w a s used b y priests as t h e pani or closing medicine f o r h e a d diseases. T h e t a r o or s u g a r c a n e of t h e s a m e n a m e m i g h t s u b s t i t u t e . Lit., b r a i n biting. 2. A v a r i e t y of s u g a r cane, s t r i p e d w i t h green a n d d e e p p u r p l i s h - r e d when young, w i t h yellow a n d red when older; n a m e d f o r t h e fish. 3. A v a r i e t y of t a r o . ' a k i - l o l o - ' u l a ' u l a . A v a r i e t y of s u g a r cane, w i t h p u r p l i s h leaves. Also called nanahu. ' a k i I o n . T o t a k e w i t h a lou or f r u i t - p l u c k i n g stick. ' a k i m a , a z l m a . F e a s t of u n l e a v e n e d broad,

'akimalala, adimarala. Admiral. Eng.

' a k i m o n a . S a m e as 'inamona, kukui n u t relish, ' a k i n a . B i t i n g ; bite. ' a k l o h a l a , ' a k l a h a l a . An e n d e m i c , small, h a i r y , pink-flowered s h r u b (Hibiscus youngianus), f o u n d in m a r s h y places. (Neal 492.) Also called hau-hele.

' a k i o m a . Axiom. Eng.

'aklpihopa. Archbishop. Eng.

' a k i p o h e . 1. T o nip. 'Akipohe na manu i ka lehua, t h e birds nip a t t h e f r i n g e s of t h e lehua flowers. 2 . R o u n d , a s a leaf; c o m p a c t , concise. 'Akipohe ke 'ike aku i ka nani o Wai-pi'o, c o m p a c t t h e view of t h e b e a u t y of W a i - p i ' o . 3. (Cap.) N a m e of a wind of Wai-he'e, M a u i . 4. T o c e n t e r or c o n c e n t r a t e in o n e place, as w i n d , r a i n . Obs. ' a k i u . T o search, seek, probe, p e n e t r a t e , spy. ' a k i u k l u . R e d u p . of 'akiu. A me ka makani 'akiukiu kipe pua hala o Puakei, a n d t h e penet r a t i n g wind p e l t i n g t h e p a n d a n u s blossoms of P u a k e i . a k o . T h a t c h i n g ; t o t h a t c h . Mea ako hale, t h a t c h e r . Ako 'ia ka hale, t h e h o u s e Is t h a t c h e d [if d u r i n g a n e m e r g e n c y it was impossible t o e r e c t a t e m p l e , t h e p r i e s t merely g e s t u r e d t h a t t h e house was completed and thatched). ( P P N 'ato, P M P qatep.) ' a k o . 1. T o c u t , shear, clip, t r i m , a s h a i r . Kanaka 'ako lauoho, b a r b e r . Na mea 'ako hulu hipa (1 S a m . 25.7), wool s h e a r e r s . 2. I t c h , t h r o a t i r r i t a t i o n , venereal disease. Fig., l u s t .

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— akoa — akoa. A small tree resembling koa\ dye was made from its bark, and used to color tapa. (AP.) But cf. ku'oulena. 'ako'ako. 1. Redup. of 'ako, 1,2. 2. Crest of a wave; to break or swell, as waves. Pipipi'i i ka 'ako'ako na li'i nui, i ka 'ako'ako, i ka 'iu lani (chant for Kua-kini), the great chiefs ascend to the crest of the waves, to the crest, to the heavenly height. 'Skoakoa. T o assemble; assembled, collected, heaped. Pau 'akoakoa, all gathered together, bo'akoakoa. To assemble, congregate, collect. 'Sko'ako'a. Coral in general. 'ako'ako'a-kohe. Mushroom coral (Fungia scutaria). Lit., vagina coral. 'Skohekohe. The crested honey eater (Palmeria dolei), formerly endemic on Maui, not reported since 1907. 'akohl. A variety of taro. 'akoka, agoza. A nut. 'akoki. A variety of sugar cane, deep-red and green when young, changing to purple and brown-yellow; pith dark-brown; larger and stronger than 'aki-lolo, especially In wet districts. 'akoko. Endemic shrubs and small trees (Euphorbia spp.) with jointed stems, opposite oblong leaves, and milky sap (Neal 452). Buds and leavos of one species (E. multiformis) were chewed for debility. Also called koko, kSkSmSlei. '&kokoko. Bloody. Also called kokoko. 'akola. Same as 'aikola, gesture and expression Of contempt, 'ftkole. 1. Poor, destitute, shiftless. 2. A large endemic fern (Dryopteris unidentata), three or more feet high, with triangular-oblong fronds much subdivided. 'SkOlea. 1. A native fern (Athyrium poiretianum, synonym A. microphyllum) with beautiful, large, lacy fronds. 2. A small mollusk (Epitonium pirplexum). Often called pipipi-'ak&lea or kdlca. 'akollka. Ostrich. Eng. 'akolo. T o creep, attempt to creep; to put out small roots, as potatoes, 'akolu. Three (as in counting in a series); three times. Po'akolu, Wednesday [hi., third day), 'akople, adobie. Adobe. Eng. aku. 1. Bonito. skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamys), an important food item; to run, of aku_fish. Young of this fish are called kina'u and 'ahua. Ua aku 'o Mahai-'ula (For. 5:259), there are bonitos at Mahai-'ula. 2. Particle expressing direction away from the speaker, and time either past (with net) or future. This particle contrasts with mai (Gram. 4.5) and sometimes may be translated " a w a y " or " t o say." Hele aku, go away. Ku'ai aku, to soil. I na aku, right away, soon. He mea'ai i na aku (Kep. 121), food will be here soon. Kela makahiki aku nei, last year. Kela pule aku nei, last week. 'Apfipd a ia la aku, day after tomorrow. Nehinei a ia la aku, day before yesterday. Keia la aku, later today, sometime today. J aha 'ia aku nei? What happened a while ago? Na loane aku i na 'ekalekia (Hoik. 1.4), John said to the churches. 'akO. An endemic lobelia (Cyanea tritomantha), a small tree 6 to 9 feet high, with clustered leaves (up to 28 by 8 inches), somewhat downy beneath. The leaves were cooked and eaten like cabbage. Cf. 'aku'aku. akua. 1. God, goddess, spirit, ghost, devil, image, idol, corpse; divine, supernatural, godly. Children of Kamehameha by Ke-opu-o-lani were sometimes referred to as akua because of their high rank. KauwS, or outcasts, were sometimes called akua because they were despised as ghosts. Kona akua, his god. Akua no kona 'ike, his knowledge is indeed divine. 'Ai akua, to have a prodigious appetite, as though possessed of gods [as youthful heroes in legends). Nana no i hS'awi i ke akua, through her given to the god [death by sorcery], lio'&kua. To

deify, make a god of; godlike, supernatural, extraordinary. Cf. hoa kua. Ho'akua noho'i kana hana, his deeds are marvelous. Ho'akua ke kai, a dangerous sea. (Probably P P N 'atua, P M P qa{tT)u(h).) 2. " I t " in a game of tag or hide-and-seek. 3. (Cap.) Name of the night of the full moon. 4. Same as mai'a-Volapola, a banana. 5. Same as pepeiao-akua, a tree fungus, the Jew's-ear (Auricularia polytricha). akua 'al harnu. Spirit eater of scraps, designation of a god sent on errands of destruction by sorcerers. akua 'al kahu. A spirit that destroys its keeper; a god sent on an evil errand who returns to destroy his keeper rather than the victim; any evil practice, as excessive drinking, gossiping. He akua 'ai kahu ka holoholo'Blelo, bearing gossip is a spirit who destroys its keeper, akua 'al pilau. Spirit eater of filth. Same as akua 'ai hamu. akua hana. A god to whom one appealed with offerings for help, as in fishing, farming, or killing an enemy. Lit., work god. akua hftnal. 1. Spirit sent on errands of destruction, who was fed (hanai) offerings. 2. The kauila, nioi, and 'ohe "poison" woods of Molokai, which were kept by sorcerers iu their houses, wrapped in tapa, and to which food offerings were made daily; scraps of these woods were used as poison, and poison itself was sometimes called akua hanai. akua ho'ounauna. God sent on errands of destruction. akua k&'ai. Image wrapped in tapa; image consisting of a carved staff, with a tuft of feathers at the top, bound to its bearer by a sash (ka'ai) (Malo 80) and carried into battle; staff with a carved figure at the head, used in ceremonies to procure offspring (Malo 135, 139). akua k&hlkolu. Holy trinity. (Kep. 175.) akua kahukahu. A god to whom offerings and sacrifices were made, akua kl'i. Image representing a god. 'akQ'akO. 1. Swaying, as a canoe in rough sea; not steady; bumpy, as a road. 'AkU'aku ka ihu o ka wa'a, the prow of the canoe rises and falls. 2. Hasty, poorly done; rash. 3. An endemic lobelia (Cyanea rollandioides), three to four and a half feet high, with rough leaves to twenty by six inches. The leaves were cooked like cabbage or taro tops or sweet potato leaves, with pork or salt beef. Cf. 'akxi. akua k u m u kaha. Image used in sorcery, akua lapu. Ghost, specter, apparition, evil spirit. akualele. Meteor. Lit., flying god. (Meteors were thought to be gods that flew through the air, sometimes in tin; form of fireballs with streaming tails from N hich sparks flew. These gods belonged to the family of poison gods that originated on Molokai_ and entered trees on Mauna-loa. See akua hanai.) akua loa. A tall image, especially an image of Lono carried on a circuit of the island during the makahiki, harvest festival; it was called loa, long, because of its "long" travels. The image consisted of a staff about two fathoms long. Pieces of edible pala fern, feather leis, and feather imitations of the ka'upu bird were fastened to a crosspiece tied near the top of the staff, in the center of which was a tiny carved figure. A long white tapa banner was attached to the crosspiece. (Malo 143-145.) Also called Lono-makua. akua mallhlnl. Foreign god, epithet often applied to Pele because she had come from a foreign land, akua noho. A spirit that takes possession of people and speaks through them as a medium. (Malo 115-117.) akua p l ' a n l . God of sports that accompanied the akua loa on its circuit, to preside at the sport festivals. (Malo 145, 154.)

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' á l a ' a p a p a

akua pahulu. The god of nightmares; a god

who carried persons to distant places in their sleep, especially if they had eaten certain fish, as t h e w eke.

a k u a p o k o . God of t h e makahiki t h a t went only as f a r as t h e border of a district, a " s h o r t (poko) journey, contrasting with t h e akua loa. a k u a u l u . A god t h a t inspires people,

akua wahlne. Goddess.

' a k u ' e . Club-footed; deformity of the feet. Cf. kuku'e. ' a k u ' I k u ' l . 1 . T o pound. See ku'i, 1. 2 . A long fish n e t ; to drive fish into t h e net by striking t h e w a t e r with sticks. Also called paku'iku'i. a k u l l a . S a m e as kihe, a red seaweed,

'akukana. Adjutant. Eng. 'akukana kenelala (generala). Adjutant general.

Eng.

' a k u k u . T o beat, as tapa. (Kep. 99.) ' a k O k f l . Tossing, agitated; jolting, as a vehicle on a rough road, tie 'akuku nalu la i po'i, an agitation o f waves t h a t broke, a k u l e . Big-eyed or goggle-eyed scad fish (Trachurops crumenophthalmus). Stages of growth are pa'd'a, halalu or hahalalu, and akule. Ua wehe ke akule i ka hohonu, the akule has fled to the depths [of escape]. ' S k u l e a n a . T o give a right to or property; to delegate responsibility, n o ' & k u l e a n a . Causative/simulative. He hb'ailona ia o ka luhi a me ka ho'cikuleana (Kep. 117). this is a sign of toil and o f obtaining property,

'akulekele, aduletere. Adultery. Eng.

a k u l i . T o collect, as leaves in a stream; to dam a s t r e a m t h u s ; forest pool where leaves and rubbish h a v e accumulated. Fig., to cast a reflection. Akuli ke aka o ka la'au i ka wai, the reflection of trees is cast on the water. ' M t u l l k u l l . 1 . General name for succulent plants. 2 . A coastal herb (Sesuvium portulacastrum), known in many_ warm regions, somewhat like wild portulaca lakulikuli-kula), but with longer, narrower leaves, and with small pink flowers a t leaf axils. (Neal 292.) ' & k u l l k u l i - ' a e ' a e . Same as 'ae'ae, 2. ' a k u l l k u i l - k a l . 1. A tropical American, low succulent ( B a t i s maritima), commonly forming a continuous green cover by salt marshes. Locally called pickleweed. (Neal 290.) 2 . S a m e as 'ae'ae, 2. ' f t k u l l k u l l - k u l a . Purslane (.Portulaca oleracea), a cosmopolitan weed, a small succulent, prost r a t e herb, with spatula-shaped leaves and yellow flowers. I t is eaten by people, poultry, and stock. (Neal 294.) Lit., plain succulent, ' a k u l l k u l l - l a u - l l ' i . S a m e as 'akulikuli-kula. ' & k u l l k u l l - l e l . T h e ice plant ( M e s e m b r y a n t h e mum), from Africa, a low succulent, with thick, narrow leaves, and pink, rose, or orange flowers (used for leis). (Neal 293.) ' M m l l k u l l - ' O h e l o . Same as 'ae'ae, 2. ' a k u m u . Broken or cut off, as a pencil point; blunt, s t u m p y . ' A k u m u k u m u . Redup. of 'akumu. a k u n e l . A while ago. See aku, 2. ' a k u p a . 1 . S a m e as 'dkuhe, an 'o'opu fish. 2 . A small endemic tree ( B o b e a mannii). Cf. 'ahakea. a l a . 1. r a t h , road, trail. Cf. alaloa, alanui, alawai. Ala iki, narrow or small path. Ala ho'i 'ole max, a pathway on which there is no returning [death], Ala a ka manu, a bird's trail [a life difficult to emulate]. Ala iki a kahuna, t h e small path of priests [a difficult way of life], ( P P N hala, P M P Zalan.) 2 . T o waken, s t a y awake; awake. h o ' & l a . T o awaken someone. Mele ho'Sla, a c h a n t intended to awaken a sleeper. 3 . T o rise up, get up, come forward. Ala kti'i, to rise in revolt. Cf. ala hou. h o ' a l a . T o arouse, stir up, raise. Trans. Ho'ala i ke kumuhana, to bring up a subject. Ke ho'ala mai nei 'oia i

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ko'u 'uhane (Hal. 23.3), he restoreth my soul. Ho'&la kuahu, a chant said a t the construction of a hula a l t a r ( k u a h u hula), calling on the gods, especially L a k a , to possess the altar. 4 . R a r e var. of ale, 1. Cf. alai, alapoho. Ua ala ka i'a i ka makau, t h e flsh takes the hook whole. 5 . T h e r e (demonstrative; same as the more frequent la). Cf. e (verb) ala. Ua kanaka ala, t h e person there. a l a - . F a s t , quickly. Cf. alaheo, alamimo, alapine, alawiki, maka'ala. ' a l a . 1. Fragrant, sweet-smelling, perfumed; fragrance, perfume (preceded by ke). Fig., esteemed, chiefly. Mea 'ala, ointment, perfume. Ke 'ala kupaoa, a strong, heady fragrance. Ke 'ala punía, a fragrance so strong t h a t it causes dizziness. n O ' a l a . T o perfume. 2 . A variety o f taro, said to be pungent-smelling when cooked. Varieties are qualified by the terms 'ele'ele, ke'oke'o, 'opelu, and o-Puna. ' a l a . Dense waterworn volcanic stone, as used for poi pounders, adzes, hula stones. Kinds o f 'ala rock, as used for adzes, are qualified by t h e phrases pia maka hinu, shiny-faced arrowroot] mahinu, shiny; and maka hinu, shiny face. 'Ala 0 ka ma'a, slingstone. Ka-'ala-wai (place name) watery rock. ( P P N kala, P M P karang.) ' S l a ' a . 1. A large endemic tree (Planchonella sandwicensis) with smooth, oblong leaves, shiny-green above, bronze beneath, the fruit nearly round, black, to two inches long. T h e sticky, milky sap was used to trap birds, t h e wood for spears and 'o'o handles. (Neal 589.) 2 . 'Ó'd digging stick made of 'ala'a or any wood; to prod or dig with a stick, as in taro cultivation. Fig., to dig into the mind. 3 . Small tuber, as of taro.

-alaala. (With

ho'-) ho'alaala. Redup. of

ho'ala; to keep awake: to awaken or reawaken; to incite to action. líe mea ho'alaala ke kope, coffee is something t h a t keeps [one] awake, ' a l a ' a l a . 1. Liver of squid or cuttlefish; after salting, drying, and broiling on the fire, i t is mixed with 'inamona or chili peppers and eaten; mixed with 'auhuhu juice it is used as bait. Fig., useless. Ahu ka 'ala'ala! J u s t a pile of squid_ liver [no use]! lie aha ka 'ala'ala o kcná mea an i ho'iho'i mai nei? W h a t ' s the good of t h a t squid liver you've brought home? He aha kana 'ala'ala? W h a t ' s he good for? 2 . Scar of a scrofulous sore. Mai 'ala'ala paha auane'i i ka perhaps his neck will be ua o Kawa'ahia. scarred in t h e rain of Kawa'ahia [in trouble], 3 . Aerial tubers of bitter yam, hoi (Dioscorra bulbifera). ' a l a ' a l a . Small 'ala stones, ' a l a ' a l a ' a . Small tubers, as of taro, ' a l a ' a l a e . L u k e w a r m ; half-cooked,

alaalahla. (With ho'-) ho'alaalahia. Passive/

imperative of ho'alaala. ' a l a ' a l a - h u a . S a m e as mahoe, 2, kinds of trees, a l a ' a l a l . 1. Redup. of alai, 1, to hinder. 2 . T y p e of taro patch built on artificial mounds, known near Hilo as kipi ( H P 12ñ); mucky claylike soil, as in this type of patch. 3 . Same as waimaka-nui, a kind of large coarse endemic fern (Dryopteris keraudreniana). ' a l a ' a l a - p O - l o a . S a m e as 'uha-loa, a weed. Aia 1 kula, t ka 'ala'ala-pü-loa, there in the fields, for 'ala'ala-pü-loa [a wild-goose chase], ' a l a ' a l a w a . Redup. of 'alawa. 'Ala'alawa ka maka o ka 'aihue, the eyes of the thief glance this way and t h a t , ' a l a ' a l a - w a l - n u l . 1. All species of Peperomia, small native succulent forest herbs, related to 'awa. (Neal 251.) T h e name is qualified by t h e terms káne (on Oahu) or kupa-li'i (on Hawaii), pehu, pShina. 2 . A small weedy herb ( P l e c t r a n thus australis). In the mint family. (Neal 648.) This name may be qualified by the terms pua-kl, wahine. ' f t l a ' a p a p a . 1 . T o tell publicly, as of the past. 2 . T y p e of ancient dramatic hula. ( U L , chapter I X . ) 3 . Long cloud formation.

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a 1a ' a u

a l a ' a u . River ford; place on a trail where one swims or wades across a stream, ' a l a - a u m o e . A West Indian shrub, night cest r u m (Cestrum nocturnum), Chinese inkberry, with narrow leaves and narrow, tubular, greento-creamy white flowers, which are most fragrant a t night. (Neal 662.) Also called kupaoa, onaona-Iapana. ' a l a e . 1. Mudhen or Hawaiian gallinule (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis), a black wading bird with red frontal plate; cry of this bird, believed a bad omen. For the coot, see 'alae-kea. Also called koki. 3. Same as 'iwa, a fern, ' a l a e a . 1. Water-soluble colloidal ocherous earth, used for coloring salt, for medicine, for dye, and formerly in t h e purification ceremony called hi'uwai; any red coloring matter. Kahi 'alaea, a class of priests of Lono whose office it was to mark the limits of lands with 'alaea. Ua 'alaea (For. 4:399), red rain [red of the rainbow]. 3. Fleshlike redness, especially the dark red meat close to t h e spine of some fish, as of the aku. 3. Annatto dye plant (Bixa orellana), a tropical American shrub or small tree, bearing fruit with scarlet seeds, used for dyeing. Sometimes called 'alaea-la'au to distinguish from the earth; locally also called lipstick plant. Also called ku-mauna. 4. Tribe or clan; people in a district who have intermarried. S. Bad breath, halitosis. 6. Fore part of thigh; long narrow thigh muscle. (AP.) ' a l a e - a w l . The introduced Australian gallinule (Porphyrio poliocephalus melanolus). Also applied to a form of 'alae-kea, with brownish frontal knob, ' a l a e - h u a p l . Same as 'alae-'ula. ' a l a ' e k e . An odible crab of t h e Portunus sp., sand-colored, and found in shallow water, ' a l a e - k e a . Hawaiian coot (Fulica americana alai), a marsh and pond bird, distinguished from *alae-'ula by its ivory-white frontal knob, ' a l a e - k e ' o k e ' o . Same as 'alae-kea. *&Iaelae. Same as 'dlaelae, 1; having a number of capes and land points,

a l a h l a . Passive/imperative of ala, Z, !. Bare. h o ' S l a h l a . Causative/simulative; to i w a k e n ; wakefulness, insomnia. I ka hiki ho'dahia nei la, e ala, e ala mai 'oe (prayer), the t i n e t o be awakened comes, awake, awake, a l a h l ' l . Hem or finished border of a plaited m a t or hat. a l a taolo p a p a . Wooden bridge. a l a h o n u a . To wake up early for no reason. ' A l a - h o n u a . N a m e of a light Hllo breeze. Lit., land fragrance. Also called ' A' ala-homa. A l a - h o u . N a m e of a Molokai wind. (For. 5:103.) a l a b o u . Resurrection; to rise again, resurrect. Ka IS. i ala hou ai ka Haku, Easter [Protestant; lit., t h e day the Lord rose again], a l a h u k l m o k u . Marine railway. Lit., road to pull ships. a l a h u l a . A frequented and well-knovn path. Alahula Pu'u-loa he ala hele na Ka'ahu-pahau, everywhere in Pearl Harbor lies the p a t h of Ka'ahu-pahau. Ua alahula keia wahi ia'u, I a m very familiar with this place. &lal. 1. Obstruction, hindrance, block screen; to obstruct, hinder, block, defend, stand in t h e way, oppose. Cf. ala'alai. Alai_ maka to fascinate the eyes, as beauty. Ua alai 'ia 'oia e ka hilahila a hiki 'ole ke pane aku, he was hindered by embarrassment and could not answer. 3. Two sticks carried with the akua loa in the -nakahiki festival; they were used to mark the boundary of the taboo area, ' f t l a ' l . Gentle, as a breeze. Cf. la'i. a l a l a . Small thin surfboard, as of breadfruit or koa wood, and heavier than the olo boird. Also called omo. ' a l a l a h a . An upland bird, gray, about t h e size of the 'elepaio, reported in 1863. (KL line 308.) ' a l a ' i h i . 1. Various species of squirrelflshes of the genus Holocentrus. The young are called 'a'alaihi. Unidentified kinds are qualified by the terms 'ako'ako'a, kala-loa or kanaloa, la-kea, mahu, maoli, and pili-ko'a. 2. Pale pink tapa; any faded color. 3. A variety of sugar cane named for t h e fish, either a deep-red mutant of 'awela or related to it; internodes barrel-shaped, leaves purple. (HP 221, 224.) al&lkl. Appropriation of property by force, as practiced by some chiefs on their travels; to do so. a l a l l a . See laila. ' A l a k a . Alaska. Eng.

•aia'ela'e. Var. of mala'ela'e.

A l a - ' e l i . A wind of Manoa Valley, Honolulu. Ku'u kane mai na makani anu o ka 'aina, he Malualua me ke Ala-'eli, my husband from t h e cool winds of the land, t h e Malualua and the Ala-'eli. ' a l a c - n t l - k e a . Same as 'alae-kea. Lit., whitebeaked 'alae. ' a l a e - ' u l a . Hawaiian gallinule or mudhen (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis), distinguished from 'alae-kea by its reddish bill and frontal plate, a l a h a k a . Plank bridge, rough road over ravines or chasms, trestle, ladder (Kin. 28.12). a l a h a k a - o - N u a l o l o . T y p e of braid used in the papale 'ie. a l a h a k l . Mountain ladder or steps cut into a cliff. a l a h a o . Railway, railroad track. Lit., iron road, a l a h e ' e . A large native shrub (Canthium odoraturn; synonym Plectronia odorata) with shiny leaves and small, fragrant, white flowers. T h e wood is hard, and was formerly used in making the '8'3 digging stick; also used medicinally. (Neal 698.) Also called 'dhe'e, walahe'e. a l a h e ' e - h a o l e . Mock orange (Murraya paniculata), an ornamental hedge plant (Neal 421) with shiny, dark-green leaves, small fragrant white flowers, and red berries. Also walahe'ehaole. a l a h e l e . Pathway, route, road, way to go, means of transportation. Ho'okahi ala hele, one way (of a plane trip], Pono ala hele, right of way. Kuleana ala hele e hiki aku ai, right of way of access. 'O ka pono ko'u ala hele, my course is righteousness, a l a h e l e w S w a e . Pedestrian's road, sidewalk, a l a h e o . Gone, departed. Ua alaheo ka i'a, the fish is gone. —

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a l a k a l . Sea course, as of canoe or ship; path where one must swim around a projecting cliff or bluff. a l a k a ' l . To lead, guide, direct; leader, guide, conductor, director. Alaka'i himeni, song leader. Alaka'i hula, hula leader. Alaka'i pana, band leader. Ki alaka'i, tonic, keynote. Kumu alaka'i, leading teacher, exemplary teacher, p a t t e r n or example, ' a l a k a i . Potbellied, bloated, a l a k a ' i n a . Leadership, guidance,

'alakapalka. Allspice. Eng.

' a l a k S . To jump, hurry from place to place. A l a - k e a . N a m e of a star, probably used In navigation, ' a l a k e n l k a , a r a s e n l k a , Arsenic. Eng. alakO. 1. To drag. 2. Bird-catching pole. Also called 'auku'u. ' a l a k u m a . A large crab (Carpilius maculatus), with 11 dark red spots on its back, usually found concealed in rocks or under stones. (Ed. 284.) a l a k u ' u k u ' u . Place for climbing a cliff, usually with ropes, - a l a l a . Var. spelling of -alaala. alala. Sweet potatoes t h a t bear f r o m branch (lala.) vines. ' a l a l f t . 1. To bawl, bleat, squeal, cry, caw, yelp, scream. Hele ka makuahine, 'alala keiki i kau16

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a 1a p u k a

hale, when the m o t h e r goes, children bawl a t hoime [a neglectful mother]. IiO'alalS. Causative/simulative. He aha la kau i ho'alala max nei i kela keikif W h y did you m a k e t h a t child c r y ? 2. H a w a i i a n crow (Corvus tropicus), named for its caw. He 'alala, he manu leo nui, a crow, a b i r d with m u c h talk [a t a l k a t i v e person]. 3. A style of c h a n t i n g with open m o u t h , vibrat i o n and t r e m o r of t h e voice, and prolonged vowels; to c h a n t thus. 4. To gargle. Rare. a l a l a i . R e d u p . of alai. Ua alalai mai 'oia i ko'u hele 'ana, he obstructed my going, ' a l a l a l a . T o dry or wither leaves over a fire, as of tobacco. Also called lata, 2, 'olala, 'olani. ' a l a J A n a . Bleating, wailing. See 'alala, 1.

' a l a l a u n S , 'alalauA. Young of the red 'aweoweo

fish. A p p e a r a n c e of schools of this flsh near shore was an omen t h a t royalty would die. Also called 'alauwa. ' a l a J e h e . Sickly, weak, fretful, as a child. He ukuhi 'ohemo na keiki, 'dmino 'alalehe. ka 'alalehe, ka uwe wale, weaning children are sickly, crying and f r e t f u l , weak, just crying, ' a l a l l . S h a r p shrill yelp, sudden screech; to yelp, screech. a l a l o a . Highway, main road, belt road around an island, a long road,

' a l a r a a , a r a m a . Protection, defence, ' a l a m e a . 1. Ripe. 2. Precious, as a child. 3. A bird (no d a t a ) . 4. See iki-'alamea. ' a l a m e a . H a r d volcanic stone, used for adzes, ' a l a n i l h l . A c o m m o n black c r a b (Metopograpsus messor). (Ed. 304.) Also called 'elemihi, 'elepi. a l a m l m o . Quick. Na kapua'i alamimo o na kini maka lehua o na 'opio, nimble soles [dancing feet] of t h e m a n y lehua blossoms of youth, ' a l a m o ' o . A fresh-water 'o'opu flsh (Hilo name). Also called hi'u-'ula and hi'u-kote. a l a m u k l l . Cut-off or unfinished road, dead-end road. Fig., an incomplete rainbow, rainbow fragment. a l a l i a . Awakening, rising. See ala, 2, 3. 'Ike 'ia ke alana o ka pua, t h e upward flight of t h e arrow was seen, ' a l & n a . See klki 'alana. ' ¡ l i a n a . 1. Offering, especially a free-will offering, c o n t r a s t i n g with a mOhai t h a t was prescribed by a priest; t o offer. He 'Ulana ka mea e ha'awi aku at e kala 'ia mai ai ka hala o ka mea lawehala, an 'Ulana is t h e thing given so t h a t t h e sin of a transgressor will be pardoned. E ke kahuna 'i'o a me ka 'Qlana 'i'o, O true priest and t r u e victim (of Christ]. 2. Light, b u o y a n t , easily floating. See lana. *&lana a l o h a . Peace offering, offering of love. ' A l a n a k u n l . B u r n t offering, offering to procure d e a t h by sorcery, ' a l a n e o . 1. Clear, calm, serene, unclouded, free f r o m i m p e d i m e n t ; clearness, calm, stillness; desolate (Ier. 50.3). 'Alaneo ka uka, 'a'ole ao. clear were t h e uplands, without clouds. E Lono i ka pd la'ila'i, ku'ua mai ka 'alaneo (Malo 183), O Lono of t h e clear night, let down clear skies. 2 . Of a single color or texture, especially of a feather cloak without design and m a d e of feathers of a single kind and color. 3. Swelling disease, dropsy, generalized edema, kidney disease. 4. N a m e of a class of 12 male supernatural beings called papa pae mahU, said t o be h e r m a p h r o d i t e healers f r o m Kahiki. a l a n l . 1. Brown seaweeds (Dictyota spp.), regularly divided into narrow segments. They are so bitter t h a t t h e y will t a i n t other seaweeds p u t with t h e m and can be eaten b u t little and by some are considered poisonous. Medical kahunas used t h e m in small quantities t o t r e a t a s t h m a . This n a m e is sometimes qualified by t h e t e r m s kai and 'ula. Also called maka and false lipoa, Cf. kualani. 2. An Oahu tree (Pelea sandwicensis), with oblong, f r a g r a n t leaves (like t h e mokihana of K a u a i ) , which were used for scent-

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ing t a p a . T h e bark was used for medicine. Also other species of Pelea. 3. An upland moss, ' a l a n l . A n y kind of orange, b o t h f r u i t and tree. (Neal 424.) Eng. Melemele 'Hi 'alani, orangeyellow color, a l a n l a . Smooth, even, not rough, ' a l a n l - ' a w a ' a w a . Calamondin (Citrus mitis), a small tree with flattened-globose f r u i t s to an inch in diameter, orange-colored, few-seeded, sour. (Neal 425.) a l a - n l h o . Long t a t t o o stripe. Lit., t o o t h p a t h , a l a n l - k u a h l w l . All species of Pelea. Also called kukae-moa. ' a l a n l - P a k e . Tangerine (Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa), a small tree with small leaves and small, loose-skinned, orange, flattened-globose, sweet fruits. (Neal 422.) Lit., Chinese orange, a l a n l - w a l . A low native shrub (Pelea waialealae), f o u n d only on high, wet p a r t s of Kauai, a l a n u l . Streot, road, highway, thoroughfare, course. Lit., large p a t h . Alanui hele, a n y t r a v ersed road. Alanui o ke ke'a, station of t h e cross. Poetic names for t h e equator are alanui a ke ku'uku'u, road of t h e spider, and alanui i ka piko o Wakea, road a t W a k e a ' s navel. Alanui polohiwa a Kanaloa, t h e dark p a t h of Kanaloa [southern limit of t h e sun in its yearly cycle, a b o u t t h e 15th and 16th days of t h e m o n t h Hilinamaj. Alanui polohiwa a Kane, t h e d a r k p a t h of K a n e [northern limit of t h e sun, a b o u t the middle of t h e m o n t h Kaulua]. Alanui ma'awe 'ula a Kanaloa, road of t h e scarlet f o o t p r i n t of Kanaloa [the western sky],

alanui hele 'ao'ao. Sidewalk. Rare. alanui hele wSwae. Sidewalk.

a l a S . 1. To swallow whole, as a flsh or shrimp. Also called ala'oma. Ke alad mai no i na wahi 'o'opu a me na wahi 'dpae. swallowing whole small 'o'opu flsh and shrimps. 2. Heiau or temple t h a t had no lele altar, a l a ' o k l . Road cut, short cut. A l a - ' o l l . N a m e of a Kauai wind, said t o bring good weather. (For. 5:97.) Lit., h a p p y p a t h , a l a ' o l o l l . N a r r o w p a t h , lane, a l a ' o m a . Var. cf alad, 1, and ala'ume. ' a l a - o - P u n a . A variety of taro, growing wild, also cultivated dry in P u n a . Hawaii; f r a g r a n t when cooked, like kal. Also called welowelo-la. ' f t l a p a . Athletic, active; athlete; an epithet for K a m e h a m e h a I : n a m e of a c o m p a n y or Ka-lani' o p u ' u ' s warriors. Na 'alapa e mdkaukau ana no ka mokomoko, t h e athletes skilled in boxing, ' a l a p a h l . Slander, falsehood, deceit; to slander, defame, deceive. He 'alapahi moe ipo kiI nana, so it is a lie of his a b o u t sleeping with t h e sweetheart. ' a l a p a k a . 1. Alpaca. Eng. 2 . Also alabata. Alabaster, o i n t m e n t vase of alabaster. (Luka 7.37.)

'alapakelo, alabatero. Same as 'alapaka, i.

a l a p a o . Tunnel.

' A l a p l a . 1. Arabia: Arabian. Eng. 2. ( N o t cap.) A heavy cloth resembling serge, a l a p l ' l . Stairs, steps, ladder, ascent, scale, a l a p l ' l k u . Steep road or p a t h ,

alapl'l m e l e . Musical scale,

a l a p i k o . Belly of a flsh, considered choice, a l a p l n e . 1. Quick. He 'uleu na po'e o ke kai, alapine na lima i ke kaula, t h e boys of t h e sea a r e spry, quick hands on t h e lines. 2 . F r e q u e n t , often. Cf. pinepine. a l a p i n e p l n e . R e d u p . of alapine, 1, 2. a l a p A ' a l . Orbit of t h e stars, circular road, a l a p o h o . T o gulp, swallow whole, a l a p o k l . Shipwrecked. Rare. Same as 'dlulo. ' a l a - p o ' o - m a l u . N a m e of a d a r k basalt. Also called kai-'anu'u. a l a p u k a . Body sores; to h a v e such sores; affected with dry rot, as taro. Obs.

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' a l a p u ' u

'ale'ale. Kedup. of 'ale, 1; stirring, noving,

' a l a p u ' t l . Small, young, of creatures. 'Alapu'u mo o, scalawag of a baby grandchild. 'Alapu'u he'e, baby squid, a l a u . Dividing, branching, as of winds and lineages. He makani alau ko keia wahi, t h e wind here in this spot divides,

tossing, rippling, full to t h e brim. A ka vai, ua piha a 'ale'ale ke ka' eka'e, t h e water is fill, t h e edge is brimful. h G ' a l e ' a l e . To stir u p waves agitate, confuse; to induce t u m u l t . A l e a l e a . l . A shellfish (Plectorema stria a); its shell. 2. Same as alea, Z. ' a l e h e . Snare, noose; to snare. Also called 'ahele. a l e h u . Same as pulehu, t o broil, ' a l e ' i h i . Var. of 'ala'ihi, a flsh. ' a l e k a , a r e z a . Large tree of t h e pine iamily, cedar, fir. Biblical.

'alauahto, alauwahlo. A small olive-green,

endemic Hawaiian honey creeper (Loxops ma~ culata), with subspecies on Oahu, Lanai,_Molokai, and Maui. Also called lauwi and kaka-u-ahie (Molokai). ' a l a ' u k a . Homely, vile, slovenly, worthless; homeliness, vileness, dregs of society. He hana 'ino'ino, pupuka, 'ala'uka, it is wicked, nasty, vile conduct, a l a u l a . Light of early dawn, sunset glow. Lit., flaming road. Ke alaula a Kane, t h e flaming p a t h of K a n e [the eastern sky], Ka wehe 'ana o ke alaula, 'oia ka paoa, t h e opening of t h e flaming p a t h w a y is t h e dawn, a l a ' u l a . Red dust in a road, red dust, ' a l a - ' u l a . Same as 'a'ala-'ula, a seaweed. S l a u l a u . Clothes, tapa, m a t s ; to envelope, clothe. Rare. Cf. laulau, wrapper.

'alekea, aredea. Heron, 'aleko, aleto. Alto. Eng.

' a l e k u m a , a l e g u m a . Algum tree.

'Slela. See uhi-'alcla, a yam.

Biblicil.

' a l e l e . Var. of 'elele, messenger, ' a l e l e l e . To skip, j u m p , fly. a l e l o . 1. Tongue, language. Also called elelo. Cf. pelu. 2. M e a t of t h e sea egg or sea urchiu (wana), so called because of resemblance t o a tongue. 3. Concave curve of t h e lower portion of t h e lei palaoa, whaletooth p e n d a n t , suggestive of a tongue. 4. Point a t t h e tip of a padlle. a l e l o - a h l . A kind of introduced flower (no d a t a ) , a l e l o p u ' u . Paralysis of t h e tongue, ' a l e m a n a k a . Almanac, calendar. Eng.

a l a ' n l l l h Sheer trail as for climbing a cliff. Also called hulili. a l a ' u m e . To draw, pull, a t t r a c t , as a magnet. Malalo ka hulla e niniu ai, ala'ume na 'Hi i ka ntii hao (hula song), t h e wheels revolve below, t h e f a n belts pull t h e immensity of t h e metal, ' a l a u w f t . Same as 'alalauwa, young 'aweoweo flsh. Pupu ke kai i ka 'alauwa, the sea is congested with 'alauwa flsh [of difficulties; omen of d e a t h of royalty], ' a l a u w a h l o . Var. spelling of 'alauahio, a bird, ' a l a u w l . Same as 'alauahio. ' a l a w a . 1. T o glance, look quickly; glance. He 'alawa na maka i hope e 'ike i ka po'e e hele mai ana, t h e eyes glance back t o see t h e people coming along. h f l ' a l a w a . Causative/simulative. 2. A bird (no d a t a ) , a l a w a ' a . Canoe course. a l a w a e l e . Road, highway. Lit., cleared road, a l a w a i . Channel, canal. a l a w e l a . D a r k lines on stomach of a p r e g n a n t woman, converging near t h e navel. Lit., burned path. a l a w e o . Same as 'aheahea, 2, a shrub, a l a w l . 1. T o shriek; shrill. Cf. wi, t o squeal. Alawi ka niho no ka pa'akikl i ka hele, [he'll] shriek t h r o u g h t h e t e e t h for being so insistent on going. 2. Upland bird, reported to be t h e young of t h e 'anianiau, a n a on Kauai, t h e 'amakihi. a l a w l k l . T o h u r r y ; quick. Mai lohi mai 'oe, e alawiki mai, d o n ' t be slow, be fast, a l e . 1. T o swallow, engulf, gulp, absorb. Huaale, pill. 2. Hollow or cavern on t h e sea floor. 3. An endemic m o u n t a i n plant (Plantago princeps), two to six feet high, rarely branching, stem woody, with_long narrow leaves a t t o p ; related t o the lau-kahi. ' a l e . 1. Wave, crest of a wave, billow; to ripple, f o r m waves, stir; t o well, as tears in t h e eyes; rippling, stirring. 'Ale lau loa, wave long and large. 'Ale po'i, breaking wave. 'Ale pa pua'a, pig-pen wave, of a wave striking t h e side of a canoe. Ka 'ale wai hau a ke kua, the snow water wave of t h e gods [it was believed t h a t t h e gods m a d e snow]. 2. Gust, as of wind. Rare. 3. Also a r e . Are, a unit of surface, ' a l e . M a r s h y ; marsh, swamp, a l c a . 1. Passive/imperative of ale, 1. 2. A flsh, said to be short for hinalea or a kind of hinalea. Also called alealea.

'Alemeula, A r e m e n l a . Armenia; Armenian. Eng. ' a l e m o n e , a l e m o n a . Almond (.Prunus dalus). Eng.

amyg-

' a l e m u k a , a l e m u g a . Same as 'alekuma.

a l e n a . A lowland perennial weed (Boe'haavia diffusa), with long, thin, p r o s t r a t e branches, bearing small leaves and flowers. T h e swollen roots were used medicinally, acting as a diuretic. (Neal 28.) a l e n a l e . Same as kSnane, clear, ' a l e ' o . Tower, high lookout; towering. 'Ale'o puhi 'ohe, b a n d s t a n d . Na pali 'ale'o, towering cliffs.

' a l e p a . Alpha.

'alepapeka, alepabeta. Alphabet. Eng.

' a i e u l e u . Old, worn out, as tapa, mats, clothing; worn-out t a p a , clothing; objects of inferior quality. Also paleuleu. He moku 'aleuku, districts of ragamuffins [said of K a ' u and Puna by K a m e h a m e h a ' s followers because t h e farmers worked h a r d and wore old clothes]. ' S l e w a . Same as 'alewalewa. ' a l e w a l e w a . B u o y a n t , floating, a l l . Same as aliali. (Perhaps P P N ali, P M P Raring.) - a l l . (With ho'-; perhaps this root is a variant of ani) h o ' a l i . (a) To signal, wave; to stir, as coffee or a fire; signal, stirring; wavy, undulating. (b) T o m a k e an offering t o t h e gods with signals and signs or prayers with gestures. Cf. mohai ho'ali. ' a l l . 1. Scar. depression, groove, imbedded mark. Cf. 'a'ali, 'alina. 2. Var. of 'eli, to dig. a l i a . 1. T o wait, stop; before; usually as a comm a n d : stop! wait a minute! Alia kau'puke, away with your book. Alia wau e 'ae aku (Laie 485), before I agree. h o ' S l i a . To stop, check, restrain. Trans. 2. Small flag or streamer. See -ali. a l i a . 1. Salt bed, salt-encrusted area; salty, brackish. He alia ho'oha'aha'a pa'akai; lo'i 'ale no i ke alia o loko, it is a low salt bed; water comes in to flood t h e salt bed inside. 2. N a m e of two kauila or mamane sticks carried by priests before t h e makahiki god. a l i a l i . Crystal clear, white; clarity, whiteness, h o ' a i i a i i . To whiten, cause to shine, - a l i a l i . (With ho'-) h o ' a i i a i i . R e d u p . of ho'ali. ' a l i ' a l i . R e d u p . of 'ali, J; scarred, grooved; profound. Cf. 'eli'eli. E 'ali'ali kapu, e 'ali'ali noa

'alea, area. Area. Eng. 'ale'a. Sweet-voiced.

a l e a l e . Wounded, pierced; wound, sore. Less common t h a n pdaleale.

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a l o h a

(Kep. 184), profound the taboo, profound t h e release to freedom, h d ' a l l ' a l l . T o scar, deface, a l i a l i a . Same as alia. He alialia pa'akai, he alialia manu, na alialia o na waipuna hu'ihu'i, it is a salt tsed, a salt bed for birds, saltencrusted places with cool springs, a l l a n a . Same as 'oliana, let me see. ' a l l h i . 1. Cords or fine ropes threaded through marginal meshes of upper and lower edges of nets, to which were attached floats and sinkers; loops a t t h e top of a koko net holding a calabash. See below and 'upena-'alihi. 2. Horizon (sometimes qualified by lani or raoana). Cf. lihi, edge. 3. Deceit, trickery; to deceive, cheat. (AP.) ' a l l h t k a u a . General, commander in battle, ' a l l h l k C p a u . Lower cord in a net to which lead sinkers were attached, ' a l l h l l e l e . Dragnet, mullet net. ' a l l h l p&'fl. Line for lashing down the pa'u m a t covering of a canoe, ' a l l h l p l k o l . Upper cord in a net to which floats were attached, ' a l l h l p O h a k u . Lower cord in a net to which stone sinkers were attached, a l l ' l . 1. Chief, chiefess, king, queen, noble; royal, kingly; to rule or act as a chief, govern, reign; to become a chief. Fig., kind (see na'au ali'i, 'opu ali'i). Kana ali'i, his chief (controlled directly or raised by him). Kona ali'i, his heredit a r y chief; his chieftainship. Ali'i ku'oko'a, independent chief, autocrat. Va lilo ia i ali'i no Kaua'i ia wa, a malalo mai ona na kanaka o Kaua'i, pela i ali'i ai 'o Makali'i (For. 5:347), he then became chief of Kauai, with the people of Kauai beneath him, thus Makali'i became chief, h o ' a i l ' i . To make a cliief, establish royalty in office; to imitate royalty; to t r e a t as royalty^ regal, royal, ldngly. Ua ho'ali'i aku 'oia i kana kane, she t r e a t s her husband like a king. (Probably P P N 'ariki, P M P qa(n)Di.) 2 . Short for 'a'ali'i, a tree. a l l ' l ' a l m o k u . Chief who rules a moku (district).

all'l 'Inela. Archangel.

a l l ' l h o ' o m a l u . Presiding offlccr, ruling officer; viceroy. a l l ' l k S n e . Male chief, king; husband (polite, not said_ of one's own husband or to him). Pehea kau ali'i kane? How is your noble husband? a l l ' i k o a . Military officer, officer of a r m y or navy. Ali'ikoa i komikina 'ia, commissioned officer. a l i ' i k o a u k u . W a r r a n t officer. A l l ' 1 - o - K o n a - l - k a - l e w a . N a m e of a star t h a t guided navigators, a l l ' l p a p a . Offspring of a high chiefess and commoner father. Cf. papa ali'i. a l l ' i p o e . T h e ornameutal cannas (Canna indica, forms and hybrids), large tropical American herbs, with large oval or narrow leaves and large red or red and yellow flowers. T h e round black seeds are worn in leis and are also placed in fruit shells of the la'amia for hula rattles. Cannas are both cultivated a n d wild in Hawaii. Also li'ipoe. (Neal 224.) a l l ' l p t t ' o l a n i . An exalted chief (probably f r o m pu'tPa, tower). (For. 6:303).

all'l wa'apa. Boatswain.

a l l ' l w a h l n e . Chiefess, queen; wife (polite, not said of one's own wife or to her).

'Allka, Arlka. Arctic. Eng. Aia i 'Alika ka ihu

o ka moku (song), t h e prow of t h e ship t u r n s to the Arctic, ' f t l l k a l l k a . Clammy, sticky, tenacious, tough. Fig., stingy. Cf. Una, linalina, nina, ninanina, 'ulikc, 'ulikalika, ' a l i k e , a l i k e . Alike. Like 'alike, just alike,

'allkekoa, aligetoa. Alligator. Eng. ' a l l k l U k l . T o tighten, tie tightly.

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' a i l l e a . T h e common turbo shell (Turbo intercostalis). (Ed. 164.) ' a l l m a . Five (especially in counting in a series); five times. Po'alima, Friday; lit., fifth day.

'allmakika, arimatlka. Arithmetic. Eng.

' a i l n a . Scar, blemish; scarred, injured, maimed (For. 5:53). Fig., low, disgraced, degraded. Ua 'alina ka inoa, the name is dishonored. a l o . Front, face, presence; upper surface, as of a bowl. Cf. 'aialo, aloali'i. Ka mo'opuna i ke alo, t h e favorite grandchild, a grandchild reared by grandparents. He alo a he alo, fac6 to face. Eia 'oe i ke alo o ka 'aha, here you are in the presence of t h e assembly. Ua laupa'i ko'u alo i na mo'opuna, I have many grandchildren with me here. ( P P N 'aro, P M P (i¡h)adep.) ' a l o . 1. T o dodge, evade, elude, avoid. 'A'ole e hiki ke 'alo a'e, it c a n ' t be helped. h O ' a l o . T o shun, avoid, escape, omit, skip; omission. 2. T o be with, go with, attend, escort, share an experience, endure, resist. Ku'u hoa 'alo i ke anu, my companion who shared the cold. Ku ana 'o Mauna-loa, kuahiwi 'alo ehuehu (song), stands Mauna-loa, mountain t h a t resists storms. E 'alo a'e 'oe ia makou a hiki aku i Moloka'i (For. 5:239), escort us to Molokai. ' a - l o a . 1. Same as maka-'a-loa, a crab. 2. N a m e recorded for olona fibre. Cf. 'a'a, 3. a l o a l i ' i . In t h e presence of chiefs; royal court, a l o a l o . 1. All kinds of hibiscus, Including t h e native white hibiscus (Hibiscus arnoltianus). A law was passed in 1923 making the aloalo t h e flower of the Territory of Hawaii. Qualifying terms: huamoa (egg) or pele (bell) (Abutilon pictum, Neal 483), ko'ako'a (Hibiscus schizopetalus or coral hibiscus), lahilahi (all singleflowered forms), pahupahu (Malvaviscus arboreus var. penduliflorus; lit., firecracker), ponimd'i, (Hibiscus, an introduced variety with red double flowers three inches wide or less, lit., coronation, carnation), pupupu (Hibiscus, all double-flowered forms), waikahuli (Hibiscus mutabilis, Neal 491; during the day flowers change f r o m white to pink or red). 2. Squilla (Pseudosquilla ciliata, Lysiosquilla maculata), highly desired as food. Also Squilla sp. (Ed. 241-243.) 3. Loved and served by many persons, as a chief or favorite child. Cf. alo. Haku o Hawai'i he inoa, hanau aloalo a'u a Ke'eli-kdlani (chant for Prince of Hawaii^ his title is Prince of Hawaii, child of Ke'eli-ko-lani, mine, born with many to serve and love. 4. A t a p a piece listed by K a m a k a u . ' a l o ' a l o . 1. E e d u p . of 'alo, 1-, to dodge rapidly or continuously; to look about slyly. 2. Lumpy, of poi. Obs. 3. A kind of small inshore fish (no data).

'aloaloa. Far, at a distance, ho'aioaloa. To keep at a distance. ' a l o ' a l o ' a . 1. Same as halo'alo'a, turbulent, rough. 2. Pitted, as rocks. Also lo'alo'a. a l o d l o . Var. spelling of 'alolio. ' a l o e . Aloe, any plant of the genus aloe; also the pa-nini-'awa'awa. Eng. a l o h a . Aloha, love, affection, compassion, mercy, pity, kindness, charity; greeting, regards; sweetheart, loved one; beloved, loving; to love, show kindness, mercy, pity, charity, affection; to remember with affection; to greet, hail. Greetingsl Hello! Good-byl Farewell! Alas! T h e common greetings follow: Aloha 'oe, may you be loved or greeted, greetings (to one person). Aloha kaua, may there be friendship or love between us, greetings (to one person). Aloha kakou, same as above, b u t to more t h a n one person. Ke aloha no! Aloha! Greetings! (The no may be prolonged for emphasis.) The following greetings were introduced after European times: Aloha ahiahi, good evening. Aloha kakahiaka, good morning. Aloha ali'i, royalist, royal love. Aloha 'aina, love of the land, love of one's country, patriotism. Aloha 'inol W h a t a pity! [Expression of regret, either great or small.] Aloha akua, love of god; divine love, pity,

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a 1o h a ' i

charity. Me ke aloha o Kawena, with t h e love (or

kalau. He mau 'ilio alu i ka hSkSkl, dogs t h a t combine in fighting. ' a l u . Depression, gutter, ravine; lines of t h e h a n d , loose sldn over t h e eyebajl; tuck in a g a r m e n t , shirring, ruffling; descent, as of trail or r o a d ; of low r a n k (Kep. 125); to bend, duck, hang, stoop; t o relax; t o ruff, as a m a t . Ho'ailona 'alu, t u c k creaser, of a sewing machine. Ho'onoho 'alu, t o m a k e tucks, shirring; tucker on a sewing machine. Mea hana 'alu, tucker. Wela ka hao, 'alu ka uwea, t h e iron is hot, bend t h e wire [now is t h e t i m e for f u n , a saying originating a t t h e Honolulu Iron Works]. Ua 'alu ihola ka paniolo e lalau i ka pu'olo, t h e cowboy leaned down t o pick u p t h e package. h O ' a l u . To slacken, loosen, hang down, bend down, stoop; depression, slack. Ki hd'alu, slack key.

reetine) of Kawena. 'O wait iho no me ke aloha, fMaria, remain, with very best regards. Aloha 'oe, e uapiha 'oe i ka maika'i, hail. M a r y , full

o f g r a c e . E Maria hemolele, e aloha mai 'oe is makou. Holy M a r y , have_ mercy on us. Aloha a'e ana makou i ke ehu umwae o ka lani (chant for Kalakaua), we r e m e m b e r fondly t h e footprints of t h e king. E aloha aku au i ka mea a'u e mana'o ai e aloha aku (Puk. 33.19), I show mercy t o those I w a n t to show mercy to. Aloha no ia mau la o na makahiki he kanalima i kUnewa akuial Affectionate [memories] of these d a y s of fifty years past! h o ' a l o h a . R a r e var. of ho'alohaloha. Cf. hoaloha. ( P P N 'alo'ofa or rofa, P M P qarep.) a l o h a ' l . Bible spelling of aloha ai. (Mele 5.6.)

aloha kakahlaka. See aloha.

' a l u a . Two, twice. Pd'alua, T u e s d a y ; lit., second day. 'Alua a'u hele 'ana i kela wahi, I ' v e been t o t h a t place twice, ' f t l u ' a . Old, worn-out, faded, dilapidated; old a n d wrinkled, as a person, a l u a l u . T o follow, pursue, chase; to run, as for political office. Alualu loloa, t o run a f t e r persistently. h o ' M u a l u . Causative/simulative. ' a l u ' a l u . Loose, flabby; misshapen, as a prem a t u r e b a b y ; slack, as a rope; wrinkled, uneven, rough, lined; foetus; skin, rind, peel. Hua 'alu'alu, egg with very s o f t shell. Keiki 'alu'alu, p r e m a t u r e baby. Pala 'alu'alu ka 'ai a kamali'i, mostly peel when m a t u r e d are t h e food crops of children [infants are not strong enough to m a k e good farmors]. h o ' a l u ' a l u . T o slacken, loosen; to m a k e gathers, as in a skirt; a gatherer, as on sewing machines; yielding, loose, flexible, soft.

M o h a l o h a . Redup. of aloha (less used t h a n hS'alohaloha). h o ' & l o h a l o h a . T o m a k e love, express affection, gratitude or compassion; expression of love or affection (For. 5:53); t o give t h a n k s (1 Kor. 11.24); friendly, loving. Z.5 Ho'alohaloha, Thanksgiving Day. Palapala ho'alohaloha, written condolence, a l o h a - l u a . N a m e given to t h e kdmole plant used in hana aloha sorcery. Lit., m u t u a l love.

aloha 'oe. See aloha. a l o h a ' o l e . Pitiless, merciless, ungrateful, witho u t love or affection, ' a l o h l . T o shine, glitter, sparkle; bright, brill i a n t ; splendor, brilliancy (preceded by ke). 'Alohi e like me ka la i ke awakea, bright as t h e sun a t noon. Ke 'alohi kea o ke ano kakahiaka, t h e white light of morning,

' a l o h l a . Passive/Imperative of 'alo.

' f t l u a l u a . 1. Rough, b u m p y , as a road; full of knotholes, as a board; pitted with holes, as a reef. Cf. lua, hole. He 'alualua 'ino'ino ke alanui, t h e road is badly pitted. 2. Multiplication tables. Hua 'Ulualua, code writing (with numbers), ' a l u h e ' e . Loose, as a bundle not securely tied; flabby, 111-flttlng, loose-jointed, ' f1t l u k a . Crowd, heap; mixed, crowded, heaped. Aluka moku, group of irregular-lying islands. 'Aluka ka pala a ka 'Bhi'a, m o u n t a i n apples ripen everywhere. A l u l a . An endemic lobelia (Brighamia insignia) f o u n d only on Molokai a n d K a u a i ; an unbranched. succulent, thick-stemmed perennial a b o u t five feet high, topped with a rosette of large oval leaves and racemes of long, white, f r a g r a n t flowers. Also hahS. ' M u l l . To incline t h e head, sway, ftlulu. Quickly, hastily (used a f t e r hele, hana, holo, holoholo, hopuhopu). Holo hopuhopu Ululu mSkou, we grabbed and fled in great haste. ' l U u n a . Descent, loosening, slackening, stooping. See 'alu, 1. ' a i u n a a h l a h t . L a t e a f t e r n o o n or early evening.

a l o h l k l . Families united by marriage, ' a l o h l l a n l . Brightness of heaven, a term applied t o t h e heavenly courts of the goddesses Uli and Kapo. ' a l o h l l o h l . R e d u p . of 'alohi. Maka 'alohilohi, eyes bright and sparkling, blue or light brown eyes. Ka haole nui maka 'alohilohi, e Kama lepo pua'a (For. 5:318), big stranger with bright eyes, O K a m a with excreta of a pig [said to t h e pig-god, K a m a - p u a ' a ) . ftlo'l. M u d puddle, pool. Cf. lo'i. ' M o ' l l o ' l . 1. A demoiselle fish (Dascyllus albisella). Also lo'ilo'i. T h e young stage Is '5 or 'a'3. He 'Hlo'ilo'i ka i'a waha iki o ke kai, a demoiselle, small-mouthed fish of t h e sea [one with little to say]. 2. Humble. Ku '(¡lo'ilo'i i ka hale o ke akua (prayer to Pele), standing h u m b l y in t h e house of t h e god. 3. Same as lo'ilo'i, 1. a l o k & h i . Single weft In plaiting; m a t of a single thickness, with only one shiny side. Cf. alolua. Lit., single side. a l o k e l e . 1. Attractive, of fine appearance. Alokele ke 'ike aku i ke alo o ia kuahiwi (hula song), a pleasure t o see t h e face of t h a t m o u n t a i n . 2 . A red bird reported by Kepelino (no d a t a ) , ' a l o l l o , a l o d l o . Alodial title, fee simple. 'Alolio i ke 'ano 'ae like, conditioned alodial. Malalo o ke 'ano 'alolio, freehold less t h a n alodial. Ho'olimalima ma ke 'ano 'alolio, conditional lease, a l o l o . Same as 'aikola. a l o l u a . 1. Two-sided, two-faced; facing one a n o t h e r , as cliffs on opposite sides of a valley. 2. Double weft In plaiting; plaiting with a reversible side, with two thicknesses. Cf. alokahi.

'Sluna awakea. Early afternoon. (For. 6:379.)

' f t l u n u . Covetous, greedy; greed, greedy person, a m a . Outrigger float; port hull of a double canoe, so called because it replaces t h e float. Also called iama. ' a m a . 1. Talkative, prattling, tattling. Cf. 'a'ama. He waha 'ama ia ha'i, a m o u t h prattling a b o u t others. 2. Light, bright. (Kep. 25.) Cf. ma'ama'ama. 3. Young 'ama'ama fish, usually called pua 'ama. - ' a m a . (With hS-) h O ' a m a . T o begin to ripen. Fig., people beginning to m a t u r e . Usually called ha'ama. ' a m a ' a m a . 1. Mullet ( M u g i l cephalus), a very choice fish. Stages are (finger length) pua 'ama, pua 'ama'ama, pua po'ola, 'o'ola; (hand length) lcahaha; (eight inches) 'ama'ama; (twelve inches or more) 'anae. Fig., an easy m a r k . Modern slang. Mai pi'ikoi i ka 'ama'ama! D o n ' t strive for t h e 'ama'ama fish! [Be satisfied with w h a t you have, why look for a rich person.) 2. R e d u p . of 'ama, 1, t.

'aloma, aroma. Aroma. Eng.

' a l o p a l o p a . Shiftless, d e p e n d e n t on others for a livelihood. Cf. Idpa.

'alopeke, alopeka. Fox. (Luka 13.32.)

a l o p l k o . Belly of a fish, choice t o Hawailans. a l u . Combined, acting together; t o co-operate, a c t together. Alu like mail Work In unity! W o r k together! E alu, e alu, e kui limaI Cooperate! Co-operate! Join hands! E alu ka pule ia Hakalau, combine prayers t o overcome H a -

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— amuam u 'ami ho'oku'Ina lewa. Ball-and-socket joint.

' A m a ' a m a u . I n r a p i d succession. 'Ama'amau ka holo o na ka'a, t h e cars followed o n e b e h i n d t h e other very quickly, ' a m a k l h l . A g r o u p of small H a w a i i a n h o n e y creepers, f o r m e r l y t h e g e n u s Chlorodrepanis, now called Loxops virens, w i t h subspecies on H a w a i i (virens), M a u i (wilsoni), M o l o k a i (kalaana), L a n a i (chloroides) [the l a s t t w o b y s o m e also i n c l u d e d w i t h wilsoni], O a h u (chloris), a n d K a u a i (stejnegeri). T h e f e a t h e r s a r e yellow a n d greenish, a n d w e r e f o r m e r l y used in f e a t h e r capes. T h e K a u a i f o r m w a s also called alawl, kihi. 'Amakihi 'awa'awa, sour 'amakihi [person w i t h sour disposition], ' f t m a l a , a m a r a . A r m o r e r , b l a c k s m i t h . Eng.

Lit., swinging c o n n e c t i n g j o i n t , ' a m i h u e . Similar to 'ami ku'upau. See hue, 3. ' S m i k a . Same as 'amikamika. ' a m i k&hela. Hula step; hip rotations with w e i g h t on t h e r i g h t h i p as t h e l e f t heel l i f t s v e r y slightly, t h e n reversing; t o d o t h i s 'ami. See 'ami kuku. ' a m l - k a l . A n a m p h i p o d (Caprella sp.) t h a t clings t o seaweeds or h y d r o i d s ; It h a s a long slender b o d y a n d is t h e color of t h e seaweed or h y d r o i d on which it feeds. ( E d . 240.) ' A m i k a m i k a . A relish, morsel, or b i t of f o o d , s c r a p s of food. E ho'ohui a'e i n a ' S m i k a m i k a e kupa me ka pipi ku, mix t h e s c r a p s t o m a k e s o u p w i t h t h e beef stew, ' a m i k O k Q . A h u l a s t e p w i t h 'ami-, like t h e 'ami kahela e x c e p t t h a t t h e r e v o l u t i o n s a r e s m a l l e r a n d f a s t e r a n d in g r o u p s of t h r e e ; s o m e t i m e s t w o slower kahele r e v o l u t i o n s a r e followed b y t h r e e f a s t e r kuku r e v o l u t i o n s ; t o p e r f o r m t h i s step.

' a m a m a . F i n i s h e d , of a p r e - C h r i s t i a n p r a y e r (said a l m o s t a t t h e e n d of a p r a t e r ) ; t o finish a p r a y e r ; t o p r a y a n d sacrifice. 'Amama, ua noa, t h e p r a y e r is said, t h e t a b o o is over. Ua 'amama aku 'o 'Umi i ke kino o Hakau i mua oKa'ili, kona akua, ' U m i offered t h e b o d y of H a k a u in sacrifice t o Ka'ili, his god. ' I m a n a , Y - s h a p e d crosspiece a t t h e e n d of a pole (as of a la'au kia); h o r i z o n t a l line on a n u p r i g h t ; b r a n c h e s of a t r e e in t h e f o r m of a Y ; gallows; T - s h a p e d . Cf. ke'a, ko'oko'o 'amana, pe'a, a n d mana, b r a n c h . - a m a n a . ( W i t h hB-) h o ' & m a n a . T o give a u thority, authorization; to empower, authorize. Cf. mana. p o w e r . Na wai 'oe i ho'amana mai? W h o g a v e y o u permission? ' a m a ' u . 1. All species of a n e n d e m i c g e n u s of f e r n s (Sadleria), w i t h t r u n k m o r e or less e v i d e n t . T h e f r o n d s a r e n a r r o w e r , smaller, a n d less divided t h a n t h o s e of t h e hapu'u. A t least o n e species h a s a t t h e t o p of t h e t r u n k a m a s s of s o f t scales ( p u l u ) used a s pillow stuffing. F o r merly, in t i m e s of f a m i n e , t h e t a s t e l e s s p i t h of t h e t r u n k was cooked a n d e a t e n . T h e f r o n d s were used t o m u l c h d r y - l a n d t a r o , t h e s t e m s f o r plaiting a n d as sizing f o r t a p a . T h e 'ama'u was o n e of t h e f o r m s t h a t K a m a - p u a ' a , t h e pig god, could t a k e a t will. Also ma'uma'u. Hale-ma' u m a ' u . t h e p i t in K i l a u e a C r a t e r , m e a n s 'ama'u f e r n house. (Neal 24.) 2 . P l a c e w h e r e 'ama'u f e r n s a r e f o u n d . ' A m a u i . H a w a i i a n t h r u s h (Phacornis obscura obscura), d u s k y olive-brown a b o v e , a s h y - g r a y b e n e a t h ; e n d e m i c t o t h e island of H a w a i i , w i t h subspecies on L a n a i , M o l o k a i , O a h u , a n d K a u a i . • a m a ' u - T I . A species of 'ama'u (Sadleria hillebrandii), h a v i n g n a r r o w , b r o w n , stiff scales on f r o n d s t e m s . Also 'i'i.

' a m i k u ' u p a u . Very r a p i d r e v o l u t i o n of t h e h i p s in t h e h u l a ; a n u n i n h i b i t e d ( k u ' u p a u ) 'ami. Also called 'ami honua, 'ami hue. A m i o . 1. N a r r o w c h a n n e l , a s t o a sea pool; t o m o v e t h r o u g h such a c h a n n e l ; t o blow in a c u r r e n t ; to pass in a n d o u t ; g u s t y . Fig., t o die. Cf. mio. Ko ke akua ha'i amio, god r e v e a l s t h r o u g h n a r r o w channels. He amio ka makani, e pio auanc'i, t h e wind blows a d r a f t , [the light] m a y go o u t . 2 . A hold in lua fighting. A m l o m l o . R e d u p . of amio. ' a m i ' O n l u . T h e figure-eight h u l a s t e p ; t h e revolving h i p s ('ami) f o r m a n eight, w i t h w e i g h t s h i f t i n g ; t o p e r f o r m this step. Lit., s p i n n i n g 'ami. ' a m i ' O p O . An 'ami h u l a s t e p w i t h a b d o m e n t h r u s t f o r w a r d , considered In poor t a s t e ; t o d o tliis step. Lit., s t o m a c h 'ami. ' a m i p o e p o e . S a m e a s ' a m i kahela b u t a n e w t e r m . Lit., r o u n d 'ami. ' a m i p u k a . H i n g e of d o o r or gate, a m o . T o c a r r y a b u r d e n on t h e shoulders, t o lift weights; a b u r d e n . Fig., responsibility. Cf. 'auamo. E amo pul Shoulder a r m s ! ' a m o . 1. W i n k , s p a r k l e ; t o wink, s p a r k l e , glimmer, twinkle. 2 . C o n t r a c t i o n of t h e a n a i m u s cles, anal opening, vagina. Cf. p i ka 'amo u n d e r pi, 2. 'Amo hulu, r e c t u m , v a g i n a ,

amoa. Passive/imperative of amo.

a m o a m o . T o raise or m o u n t high, a s w a v e s ; high, raised. ' a m o ' a m o . R e d u p . of 'amo, 1, Z. HBkO 'amo'amo, twinkling star, a m o k a u . A Btick for c a r r y i n g b u r d e n s o n t h e shoulder. ' A m o k e m o k e . Irregular, uneven. ' a m o k l ' I . 1. S t e m of f r u i t s or t u b e r s . 2 . G e n i t a l s of male. Also called 'anaki'i, 'anaki'u, 'anami'u. ' A m o k u m o k u . A b o u n d i n g in islets or r o c k s , a s a r e e f ; full of s t u m p s ; c u t t i n g , severing, ' a m o m o . A m o m u m , a genus of p l a n t s in t h e ginger f a m i l y ,

' f t m a ' l i m a ' u . P l u r a l of 'ama'u, 1; m a n y 'ama'u ferns, f e r n y , a b o u n d i n g in ' a m a ' u f e r n s ; a covering of 'ama'u ferns, a m e . A n d . Cf. me. ' a m e k l , a m e t l . A m e t h y s t . Eng. ' a m e k u k e k e , a m e t u s e t e , a m e t u s e t o . Amet h y s t . ( P u k . 28.19.) ' A m e l l k a , A m e r i c a . A m e r i c a ; A m e r i c a n . Eng. ' A m e l l k a - ' & k a u . N o r t h America. ' A m e l l k a - h e m a . South America. ' A m e l i k a - h u l - p a - ' i a . U n i t e d S t a t e s of America, ' i t m e n e . Amen. ' a m i . X. H i n g e , j o i n t ; t o t u r n on hinges. Ihu 'ami, n o s e w i t h i r r e g u l a r l y s h a p e d bridge. 2 . A h u l a s t e p with h i p r e v o l u t i o n s ; t o d o t h i s s t e p . T h r e e types a r e 'ami kShela, 'ami kuktt, a n d 'ami 'Bniu. See also 'ami honua, 'ami ku'upau, 'ami 'BpQ, a n d 'ami poepoe. 3 . M e a s u r i n g w o r m , ' a m l ' a m l . R e d u p . of 'ami, 1, 2; elastic, p e n dulous, s p r i n g y ; Jerking of t h e h i p s b a c k a n d f o r t h in a c r u d e or v u l g a r 'ami h u l a ; m o t i o n of sexual i n t e r c o u r s e ; t o m o v e on hinges, ' f t m l b a m l h a . Same as 'Swihiwihi. ' a m i h o n u a . Exaggerated and rapid revolving of t h e hips in t h e h u l a . Also called ami ku'upau. ' a m i h o ' o k u ' l . J o i n t . Lit., c o n n e c t i n g j o i n t . —

' a m o n l a . Ammonia. Eng.

' A m o ' o m o ' o . 1. Small s t r i p of t a p a or m a t t i n g such as c a n serve as a sample. 2 . Y o u n g s t a g e of t h e '3'to fish, ' a m o p u ' u . T h i n , e m a c i a t e d , lean. Lit., prot r u d i n g a n a l opening, a m u . 1. T o curse, revile. Cf. kttamuamu. 2. To e a t . Cf. hamu. 3 . (.Cap.) N a m e of a K a u a i w i n d . (For. 5:97.) A m O . T o t r i m , shear, s h a v e ; s h a v i n g , s h e a r i n g . Pahi timu, razor. Lauoho amU, t r i m m e d hair, a m u a m u . R e d u p . of amu, 1. Ke amuamu 'ana i ke ali'i me ka ho'ohiki 'ino, reviling t h e chief with profane oaths.

I m l U m f l . Redup. of ama.

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' a m u ' e m u ' e

' i m u ' e m u ' e . Suffering f r o m p e n e t r a t i n g cold, bitter cold, bitter to taste. S m u k a . Reported as a var. n a m e for t h e kahala fish. ' S m u k u . C u t off. Same as 'apahu. ' a m u k u m u k u . Same as 'amokumoku. ' a r a u m O . Dull, b l u n t ; dullness, bluntness. a n a . X. T o measure, survey, evaluate, r a t e ; survey, measurement, p a t t e r n , plan, model. Cf. anana, ana 'ole, and numerous types of measurement listed below. Kaula ana (Ier. 31.39), measuring line, tao'oana. T o m a k e measurements. 2. T o have enough or too much, satisfied, satiated. A ana no kupuna o Kawelo i ke kahumu 'ai na Kawelo (For. 5:3), t h e g r a n d p a r e n t s of Kawelo had had enough of tending t h e food ovens for Kawelo. Ua hele au a ana, I ' v e had all I can take; I ' m disgusted. 'A'ole e 'Blelo mai ana ke ahi ua ana ia. fire will never say t h a t it has enough [of love]. 3. Cave, grotto. 4. Larynx. 5. Particle a f t e r e (verb). See e (verb) ana, incompleted action and f u t u r e tense. 6. Particle a f t e r words with meaning "there, t h e n , " and o f t e n used as indicative of t h e f u t u r e . See G r a m . 4.5. Iaia no a hala, ku ana ke ka'a, as soon as he had gone, t h e car came. Nou ana keia hale, this house will be yours. 'Oia ana no. It's t h e same result; regardless. He 'aukai ana 'oia nei, he will be a seafarer. &na. His, her, hers, its it:-form possessive, zeroclass; see Gram. 3.4.) ' a n a . 1. Pumice, used as a rubber. 2. Siliceous sponge (Leiodermatium), used as medicine and as sandpaper. 3. Nominalizing particle. Kona hele 'ana mai, his coming hero, a n a ' a i n a . Land surveying; to survey,

a n a l n a b o ' o m a n a . Congregation for worship, ' a n a i n a i . R e d u p . of 'anai. a n a l n a ' I k e a l l ' l . Royal reception or audience, ' a n a k a . A kind of polecat, f e r r e t (Oihk. 11.30). ' a n a k a . Anchor. Eng. LeikB ka 'anaka, let go t h e anchor. a n a k a h l . Unit of measurement,

' a n a k a l a . Uncle. Eng.

a n a k a u m a h a . T o weigh; weight,

' a n a k e , a n a t e . Aunt, auntie. Eng.

' a n a k e ' e . Bent, crooked, misshapen, ' a n a k l a . Anarchy, anarchist. Eng.

' a n a k l ' t , ' a n a k l ' u . Same as 'amoki'i.

' a n a k o e . N o t h i n g remains t o be done. A pau a 'anakoe, ku ana klla mea keia mea i luna o ka wa'a, when all was done, each one stood u p on t h e canoe. ' a n a k o ' l . I n f l a m m a t o r y swelling of a l y m p h gland, venereal tumor, bubo,

'anakomla, anatomla. Anatomy. Eng.

a n a k u ' u . Var. of akaku'u.

' a n a l l ' l . 1. Wee, stunted. Also 'a'anali'i, kakanali'i. 2 . A native fern ( A s p l e n i u m lobulatum) with narrow fronds t o one and one-half feet long, h a v i n g m a n y narrow lobes along t w o opposite sides of t h e axis. Also pi'ipi'i-laumanamana. a n a l l o . 1. Tail feathers. 2. S a m e as analipo, a n a l l p o . Distance, f a r a w a y space, beyond t h e horizon. Cf. kumulipo. a n a l o a . M e a s u r e m e n t of length,

ana mekela

•ana 'alaea. Red pumice.

(metera). Metric weight and

measure, ' a n a m l ' u . Same as 'amoki'i. a n a n a . F a t h o m ; formerly t h e distance between t i p s of longest fingers of a m a n , measured with a r m s extended on each side; t o c o u n t by this m e a s u r e m e n t or by f a t h o m s . Cf. ana, 1. ' a n a n a . T o strain, as juice or poi. Same aa kanana. ' a n a n a l u . A variety of hinSlea fish. ' a n a n a u . R e d u p . of 'anau. a n a n e a . Leafless, bare. ' a n a n i ' o . Same as 'amoki'i, a n a n O . A turnip. Also ananu-pilau. ' a n a n u ' u . T o collapse or deflate, as a balloon.

' a n a ' a n a . 1. Pellet-shaped, as goat dung. 2. T o shiver, tremble. (AP.) ' a n a ' a n a . Black m a g t e evil sorcery; to practice this. Kahuna 'ana'ana, practitioner of black magic. ' a n a ' a n a l . Redup. of 'anai. ' a n a ' a n a p a . Redup. of 'anapa. ' a n a ' a n a p u ' u . Redup. of 'anapu'u. 'Ana'anapu'u ka vila, t h e jagged lightning flashes, ' a n a ' a n a u . Redup. of 'anau. ' A n a ' a n e a . Idiotic, foolish, as one under t h e spell of sorcery.

ana'C. To save for future use. ho'Sna'S. To

withold for t h e f u t u r e . Ka ho'oilina . . . ua ho'ana'l 'ia ma ka lani (1 Pet. 1.4), inheritance . . . reserved in heaven, ' a n a e . Full-sized 'ama'ama mullet fish, ftnahenahe. Same as nahenahe, soft, gentle,

ana Ola'l, mlkinl ana Ola'l. Seismograph. Lit.,

machine to measure earthquakes, ' a n a O l a ' l . White pumice with fine pores, a n a ' o l e . W i t h o u t equal. Immeasurable, limitless, never satisfied. Kalani-ana-'ole (name), chief of incomparably high r a n k , ' a n a p a . T o shine, gleam, glitter, sparkle; brightness, gleam. h O ' a n a p a . Causative/simulative, a n a p a ' a . Cubic measure. ' a n a p a n a p a . 1. Redup. of 'anapa. 2. Hawaiian soap plant, (Colubrina asiatica), a twining shrub, distributed f r o m Africa, India, and Australia t o Polynesia, with heart-shaped leaves and small round f r u i t s . T h e leaves f o r m a lather in water and have long been used as soap on Pacific islands. T h e plant is mistakenly reported to be poisonous. (Neal 475.) Also kauila, kauila'anapanapa, kukuku. 3. N a t i v e red seaweeds 0Gelidium spp.); small, stiff, branching, edible plants. Also limu-loloa. a n a p a o n a . Scales, balance; t o weigh. Lit., p o u n d {Eng.) measure, ' a n a p a u . T o leap, frisk, frolic; frisky. [Now heard only in t h e song: He aha ka hana a 'Anapau? W h a t does Frisky do?] h O ' a n a p a u . T o caper, c a v o r t ; t o twist and t u r n t h e body, especially in t h e finale of a h u l a with rapid hip movements, a n a p l h a . M e a s u r e m e n t of c a p a c i t y .

ana hola. Hourglass,

a n a h o n u a . Geometry.

a n a h o n u a . Surveying, to measure t h e surface of t h e earth, a n a h o ' o h a l l k e . Model, p a t t e r n , ' a n a h u a . Deformed, disfigured, stoop-shouldered, lopsided; such a person, a n a h u l n a k o l u . Trigonometry. Lit., triangular measurement, a n a h u l u . 1. Period of ten days; for ten days; to pass ten days. Ku anahulu ka moku, t h e ship arrives once in ten d a y s ; t h e ship stays for ten days. ( P P N -fulu, P M P puluq, ten.) 2. Large moana, a fish, f r o m one t o two and a half feet long. a n a l . Same as alai, 7; screen; a t t r a c t i o n . Ke anai maila ka 'iwa anai maka (UL 197), t h e frigate bird t h a t fascinates t h e eyes is a t t r a c t i n g attention. ' a n a l . 1. T o rub, scrub, scour, polish, grind, blot out, lay waste, destroy; rubbing, scrubbing, etc. Cf. 'a'anai, 'ana'anai, 'anainai. 2. T o curse, a n a l n a . Congregation, audience, assembly, crowd; to assemble.

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— ano — a n a p l w a . T h e r m o m e t e r , for taking temperat u r e s ; to t a k e t e m p e r a t u r e . Lit., fever (.Eng.) measure. a n a p u k a . Underground passage, tunnel, a n a p u n l . Boundary, circumference, perimeter; t o encircle, go around. Komo akula i ke anapuni entered t h e circle of Long-arm a Lima-loa, [where others h a v e t h e upper hand]. ' a n a p u ' u . B u m p y , lumpy, jagged, uneven; b u m p , h u m p ; to h u m p along, buck; to project, as t h e bones of a thin animal. Cf. 'a'anapu'u, 'ana'anapu'u. ' a n a u . To move with a jerky motion; t o go g a d d i n g f r o m place t o place. Cf. 'ananau, dna'anau. 'Anau noho'i 'oe i kauhale, how you go gadding f r o m house to house. a n a u a . Bain gauge; to measure rainfall, a n a u a n l ' l . Same as 'anianiau, a honey creeper,

' a n a u hele. To go here and there, gad.

a n a ' u k u . Mealybug. (Coccidae) and scale insects. ' a n a u n a u . 1. Same as naunau, 3, shellfish. 2. A small shrubby m u s t a r d , called peppergrass (probably a n a t i v e species, Lepidium owaihiense); t h e root was used medicinally. 3. According to Rock, a larger native peppergrass (Lepidium serra), with narrower leaves, found only on Kauai, a n a w a e n a . Diameter. Lit., middle measure. Anawaena loa, transverse diameter of an ellipse. Anawaena poko. c o n j u g a t e diameter of an ellipse. a n a w a l u a . Liquid measure. a n a w e l a . T h e r m o m e t e r , measurement of h e a t ; to m e a s u r e heat, a n e . 1. A dermestid beetle t h a t destroys feathers in f e a t h e r - w o r k ; mites, as in chickens: ringworm; insect-eaten, gnawed. Lehu ane, fine ashes. ( P P N ane, P M P anay.) 2. The b r e a t h of life, passing of a breeze. Cf. aneane. ' a n e . 1. Same as 'ane'ane; to draw near. Ua 'ane aku i ka manawa, it is almost time. 2. Var. of 'ana, I, pumice, ftnea. 1. Insipid, tasteless. 2. Vibration caused by h e a t . 3. Passive/imperative of ane, 1; motheaten. Fig., a b e t a t t e r e d t r a m p . 4. Bare, leafless. 5. Passive/imperative of ane, 2; gentle, as a breeze, a n e a n e . Faint, feeble, exhausted; nauseous dizziness. Cf. puaaneane. ' a n e ' a n e . Nearly, almost, scarcely, hardly, not quite, fairly; near. Ua 'ane'ane ho'i e pa'a, it is almost finished. 'Ane'ane i ka make, near death. S n e a n e a . R e d u p . of anea. ' a n e ' e . 1. To move along by jerks, hitch along, sidle. 2 . To go where one is not welcome, to wear o u t a welcome, ' a n e ' e n e ' e . l . R e d u p . of 'ane'e, 1. 2. 2. Old clothing; small m a t t h a t is carried a b o u t to sit on. a n e h e . T o come upon quietly, move stealthily. Anehe akula ia e ku'i, he stole u p quietly to strike a blow. Anehe mai na kanaka e kaua (For. 5:35), t h e people were poised for fighting, a n e h e n e h e . R e d u p . of anehe. S n e h o . Transgression of t h e law, wrong, f a u l t ; to transgress. (AP.) a n e l . Particle indicating t h a t a question may be answered by yes or no, following a word. See G r a m . 4.5. 'A'ole anei? I s n ' t it so? I s n ' t it? Pela anei? Is it t h a t way? Is t h a t so? E hele ana anei 'oe i ke kaona? Are you going to town? ' a n e ' l . 1. Here (usually a f t e r ma-, i, or ko). E ku'u aloha, ma'ane'i mai, ne'ene'e mai no a pili (song), m y loved one, come here, sidle u p close. 'A'ohe o 'one'i wahine e like me 'oe, a ina noho'i no 'ane'i aku nei, 'a'ole no e hele mai i 'ane'i; he kapu o 'ane'i, he make (For. 5:235), none of t h e local women are like you, and had [you] been of this place, [you] would not h a v e come here; it

is t a b o o here, death. 2. D o u b t f u l (used idiomatically). Same as auane'i, 2. He pa'akai 'ane'i e hehe'e ai, so, like salt t h a t melts [said by one who doesn't mind going into t h e rain].

'Aneke, Anede. Andes. Eng. 'anekelo. Angle. Eng.

'anekelopa, anetelopa, anekelope. Antelope. Eng.

' a n e k o , a n e t o . Anise. (Mat. 23.23.)

' a n e l a . Angel; designation for Hawaiian gods and spirits by those converts to Christianity who had kept some of t h e old gods. Eng. 'Anela kia'i. guardian angel, ' a n e m o k u . Peninsula. Lit., near island, a n e o . A game; t h e stone called hiu was said t o h a v e been used in this game, a n e w a . Dizzy, unsteady, as one ill or Intoxicated. Cf. newa, dizzy. a n e w a n e w a . R e d u p . of anewa. a n l . T o beckon, wave; to blow softly, as a breeze; to draw a net over t h e surface of water; to pass over t h e surface, as a h a n d ; beckoning. ' Upena ani, draw net. h o ' a n l . T o beckon, wave, signal; to let wind. ( P P N angi, P M P hangin.) a n l a . 1. Passive/imperative of ani. Nahaha i ke ania e ka makani, broken by t h e blowing of t h e wind. 2. Smooth, ' a n l a . Scorched, singed, parched; hot, as an oven, a n l a n l . 1. Mirror, glass; clear, t r a n s p a r e n t , obvious. Cf. makaaniani, pukaaniani. Several t y p e s of aniani are listed below. Aniani na hana i ka Naukilo (song), techniques are clear to t h e Nautilus. 2. Cool, refreshing; to blow softly, gently. Fig., to travel swiftly, a n l a n l a . Smooth, calm, ' a n l a n l a . R e d u p . of 'ania. ' a n i a n i a u . A small, bright olive or yellowishgreen Hawaiian honey creeper (Loxops [formerly Chlorodrepanis] parca), endemic to Kauai, and related to t h e 'amakihi. T h e young birds which are confused with young 'ujnnkihi, were reported to have been called alawi. a n l a n l h o ' o n u l ' I k e . Magnifying glass, microscope, telescope. Lit., glass to enlarge vision. A n l a n l - l - k a - l a n l . N a m e of a star said to be in t h e Milky Way.

anlanl Ipu kukiil. Lamp chimney,

a n l a n l k l l o h l . Mirror, looking glass, a n l a n l k u . Standing mirror,

anlanl kukul ulla. Electric-light bulb. Lit., electric-light glass,

anlanl pa'a lima. Hand mirror,

' a n l h a . Unfriendly, angry, hard-hearted. Cf. kamaniha. ' a n l h a n l h a . 1. R e d u p . of 'ilniha. 2. Nearly, almost. 'Anihaniha mnkou a jiae, loa'a i ka makani, we were almost landing when [we were] c a u g h t by t h e wind, ' a n l h l n l h l . 1. Precarious. Cf. nihi. 'Anihinihi i ke ola, life hanging [as by a thread). 2. Small t a r o tubers. Less used than 'onihinihx. ' a - n l h o - l o a . A small fish (no d a t a ) ,

'anlkelikeko, anlkrlsto, anlkerlseto. Anti-

Christ. Also shortened to anekaliko. Eng. a n l n l . Eurya sandwicensis, a native tree or s h r u b in t h e t e a family. Also wanini. (Neal 510.) ' a n l n l . 1. Dwarfish, s t u n t e d , tiny. Obs. 2. T o vary, as great and small waves. Obs. 3. Awning. Eng. a n l p e ' a h l . To wave or beckon, as with t h e hand, ' a n i ' u n l ' u . Root connecting sweet p o t a t o to vine. a n o . 1. Awe, reverence, peacefulness, sacredness; feeling of awe, fear, or oppression; weird solit u d e , oppressive quiet; awestruck, lost in t h o u g h t . Ke ano mai nei ka nahele, 'a'ohe manu o ke kula (song), t h e forest is silent, there are no birds in t h e plains. Ano wale mai no ko

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' a n o

aloha, your love overpowers me. h o ' a n o . Holy, devoted to sacred use, hallowed; to reverence, attribute divine honor to, hallow. Po'e Ho'ano o na La Hope Nei, L a t t e r - D a y Saints. Ho'ano, ho'ano, ho'ano (Hoik. 4.8), holy, holy, holy. E ko makou Makua i loko o ka lani, e ho'ano 'ia kou inoa ( M a t . 6.9), our Father which art in Heaven, hallowed be T h y name. 2. T i m e (in songs, and usually before ahiahi, rarely before kakahiaka). ' a n o . 1. Kind, nature, character, type, likeness, resemblance, image, color, moral quality, meaning (preceded by ke). He aha ke 'ano? W h a t is it like? (scornfully) W h a t kind of nonsense is that? He aha no la kou 'ano? What's the matter with you? 2. Somewhat, rather; to show signs of. 'Ano poepoe, somewhat round. Ke 'ano malie mai nei, ft is beginning to clear up. E 'ano ua aku ana, it looks like rain. 'Ano maika'i 'ole, not very good. hO'ano. T o cause to take a definite shape, to produce a resemblance. '&D0. NOW ; present, a n o a . Passive/imperative of ano, 1. Obs. 'ftnoa. Dry, parched. Same as panoa. ' a n o ' a i . 1. Greeting; to greet; news. Bare. 'Ano'ai kakou, greetings (to more than two people). Na 'ano'ai o Kona-'akau, news of N o r t h Kona. 2. Unoxpected. 'Ano'ai ko maua hui 'ana, our meeting was unexpected. 3. Perhaps. 'Ano'ai aia paha i laila ka hale noho a ka 'i'ini (chant for Kalakaua), perhaps there the dwelling house of desire, ' a n o a k u a . Godlike, divine; godly form. a n o a n o . Redup. of ano, 1. Kula anoano kanaka 'ole, solitary uninhabjted plain, ho'&no&no. Redup. of ho'ano. Ho'anoano wale mai no mehe haili la e kau iho maluna, awe-struck as though a spirit has descended from above. ' a n o ' a n o . Seed, kernel; germ; dried and salted Chinese watermelon seed. Fig., progeny, offspring. ' a n o 'e. Strange, odd, unusual, peculiar, different, uncomfortable, hft'ano o. Causative/ simulative. a n o h a l e . Individual presiding over the 'ume game. ( M a l o 215.) ' a n o h a n a . Method, case, technique, as in solving problems, ' a n o h o . Sitting taboo. ( K e p . 137.) ' a n o h o u . N e w variety or kind; new, unusual. h O ' a n o h o u . T o renew, change the nature or character, ' a n o h u l . Compound, as of fractions, ' a n o h u l k a u . Complex, as of fractions, ' a n o ' ! . Desire, longing, l o v e : desired one, lover; to desire, yearn; loved, beloved. 'Ano'i pua, cherished flower, sweetheart. Ka mele i 'ano'i nui 'ia, the greatly beloved song. 'Ano'i aku e ike idia, great desire to see him. ' a n o l a n l . Of heavenly character, celestial, noble, royal, pure, ' a n o like. Resembling; of similar nature or type; resemblance. ' S n o n a n o n a . Same as naonao, ant; name of a newspaper formerly printed in Hawaii, so called because of the Bible quotation: E hele 'oe i ka 'anonanona, e nana i kona 'ao'ao e ho'ona'auao iho (Sol. 6.6), go to the ant, study her ways and learn. 'Anoni. T o mix, interweave, intertwine. Fig., confused, doubtful. Koko 'anoni, mixed blood. 'Anoni 'ia me ke koko Paki, mixed with Chinese blood. 'Anoni ka mana'o, a confused, doubting mind. 'ftnonia. 1. Passive/imperative of 'anoni. 2. Same as alani-wai, a plant. ' S n o n i n o n l . Redup. of 'anoni. ' a n o n o n l . Same as 'anoninoni. ' a n o 'Ole. Insignificant, trivial, of no consequence, unattractive. He wahi kumu 'ano 'ole

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'o ka huhu no ia, it was such a trifling reason for anger. ' a n o pill. Property, as of a number; fraction, a n u . 1. Cool, cold; coolness, temperature. Nu'uanu (place name), cool elevation, ho'ftnu. T o coo!. Trans. 2. Cold, influenza; to have a cold. Ua loa'a i ke anu, to get a cold, a n u ' a . Heap, mass, pile, a n u a n u . Redup. of anu, cold. n o ' a n u a n u . Causative/simulative, a n u e n u e . 1. Rainbow. E wai anuenue ana na wawae o na koa, the feet of the soldiers form a rainbow pattern [of marching soldiers in colored uniforms]. 2. Scallop-like design on tapa and tapa beater, ' a n u h e . Caterpillar. Also called 'enuhe, nuhe. a n u h e a . Cool, soft fragrance, as of upland forests; sweetness. Cf. waianuhea. Ko 'ala anuhea ka'u i honi aku (song), your cool soft fragrance I inhaled, ' f t n u h e n u h e . 1. Infested with caterpillars. 2. Wrinkled, furrowed; to pucker, wrinkle, shrivel. 3. Var. name for nenue fish. ( A P . ) ' a n u l k i , ' a n u l t l . Annuity. Eng. *&nulu, ' S n u n u . Variants of 'alunu, greed, ' a n u n u . A native genus of cucurbit vines (,Sicyos). ' a n u ' u . 1. Stairs, jogs, steps, terrace, dais, ledge (1 Nal. 6.6). 2. T o w e r in ancient heiau, about 24 feet high and 18 feet square, as enclosed with white 'Bloa tapa. 3. Sprain, strain, disjointed vertebra; to stumble, trip, sprain; to land heavily or jar, as when one expects to step down but there is no step. Fig., error, slip; to err. Cf. maui. 4. Interval in music, interval of a major second. Cf. lele, interval. ' A n u ' u 'ekolu, an interval of three. 'Anu'u hapa, half an interval, a minor. Pili 'anu'u, to go up an interval. 5. N a m e given to comparison of adjectives. 'Anu'u kumu, basic stage. 'Anu'u waena, comparative degree. 'Anu'u loa, superlative degree. ' a n u ' u n u ' u . Having steps; w a v y , curly, vibrating, undulating; to beat with regular rhythm; to jerk the body, as by osteopaths or masseurs. Alapi'i 'anu'unu'u, stairs, l i o ' a n u ' u n u ' l l . T o vibrate, undulate, wave, jerk, make steps; w a v y , as hair. Leo ho'anu'unu'u, quavering, trilling voice, ao. 1. Light, day, daylight, dawn: to dawn, grow light; enlightened; to regain consciousness. Cf. aokanaka. Piliu'aiwai lakou a ao ka pB, they gambled until night became day [all night long], Kela pB a ao a'e i nehinei, night before last; lit., that night that dawned yesterday. A ao ka pS a po ke ao, when night becomes day until the day becomes night [for a night and a day], Ua ao mai ka no'ono'o, the mind is functioning, ho'&o. (a) T o marry; marriage (old term, probably lit., to stay until daylight), (to) (Cap.) N i g h t of the day called Huna, eleventh night of the month, when the ho'ao nuptials took place. ( P P N 'aho, P M P qa(n)jaw.) 2. A n y kind of a cloud, including 'Bpua. Cf. aoku, ao loa, ao 'Bnohi, aouli, 'Bpua, palamoa, pSpalamoa, puapua'a. Ao kai lilo a Kane, a cloud over the distant sea of K a n e [away out, where only cloud and sea are seen). 3. World, earth. 4. T o be careful, beware, watch out. E ao na'e 'oe ia Kalahumoku (For. 5:413), beware then of Kalahum o k u . E n o 'oe o 'eha, be careful or you'll be hurt. 6. Rare var. of wao, upland area. 6. T h e exact image of (preceded by a 'e). 'O ka makuahine no a 'e ao, the image of the mother. 7. A kind of fine mat. 8. A kind of fish (no data). ( K L line 149.) a ' o . 1. Instruction, teaching, doctrine, learning, instruction book, manual, advice, counsel: to learn, teach, advise. M a n y kinds of instruction are listed below, as a'o heluhelu, a'o hBku, a'o kiko, a'o loko, a'o_palapala, a'o pili'Blelo. See lohe for idioms. 'Olelo a'o, advice, precept, instruction. A'o poko, briefly taught; to learn a little [said of lowly individuals). E a'o k&kou iS 'oe i ke kino lele o ko wahine (For. 4:73), we will

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' a p a ' a p a n i

teacti you the flying power [lit., body] of your wife- Na wax 'oe i a'o? Who taught you? ho'9t'o. T o test, try, taste, experiment, tempt (Kim. 22.1): to do a little (equivalent of the pidgin English " t r y " before verbs). Po'e e ho'a' o ana, contestants. E ho'a'o mai ana 'oe e hlmeni? Won't you sing a little? [Pidgin, " t r y sing") ( P P N ako, P M P a\ng\ken.) 2. Particle replacing o, of, and 'o subject marker, in songs. 'O na pali a 'o Ko'olau-loa, the cliffs of Ko'olauloa. LapakU ka wahine a 'o Pele, the woman, Pele, is very active.

a ' o h e l e . T o teach while traveling; to act aB itinerant teacher, preacher, missionary, a ' o h e l u h e l u . Reader, primer; to learn or teach to read. Ao-hGkft. Name of a star, possibly Jupiter. Lit., star light. Cf. Hoku-ao. a ' o h d k o . Astronomy, astronomer; to teach or learn astronomy. '&oka. Same as oka, dregs. ' a o k a h i . One remaining leaf ('ao) on an old taro stalk, said of an old taro about to die. a o k a n a k a . T o think or behave reasonably; human enlightenment, 'ftokaoka. Redup. of 'aoka. a ' o kepela (sepela). Spoiling book; to learn or teach spelling, a ' o k l k o . Manual of punctuation; to learn or teach punctuation, a o k f l . Rain cloud, mist. ' a ' o l e . No. not; to bo none, to have none. Cf. Gram. 2.3. 'A'ole loa.' Certainly not! N o t at all! I should say not! 'A'ole paha, probably not, perhaps not (polite). 'Solo. Same as alai. I 'apa kaua i ka 'aolo o ka 'oka'i me ka pulelehua i ko kaua ala hele, we were delayed by the obstruction of the moths and butterflies in our way. ao loa. Long cloud; high or distant cloud; stratus cloud along the horizon. Fig., a distinguished person. a ' o l o k o . Innermost teaching, inspiration. I ka ha'alele 'ana aku i Kou a'o loko 'ana mai, from the neglect of Thy inspirations, ' a o lQ'ai). Unexpanded leaf blade of taro; to offer as a sacrifice. E 'ao lu'au a kualima, offer young taro leaves five times as sacrifice, '«lone. sandy soil. 'aOno. Sandy; Six, especially in counting in a series; six times. PB'adno, Saturday; lit., sixth day. 'SO'O. Elderly. Cf. o'o. ao 'Onohl. Cloud with rainbow ('Dnohi) colors, a ' o palapala. Instruction, education; to teach or learn writing, a ' o plll'OIelo. Grammar, instruction in grammar; to teach or learn grammar. aoOlI. Firmament, sky, blue vault of heaven, ' a p a . 1. T o delay, waste time, keep others waiting. Kahuli ihola laua, a lilo ihola laua i ke ka. i ka hoe, pela laua i 'apa ai (For. 5:17), the two upset, and were occupied with the bailer and paddles, in this way they were delayed. Mai apa mai 'oe, e hele kakou, don't dillydally, let's go. Ku ka 'apa ia Hawai'i, he moku nui, it is fitting for Hawaii to tarry (do as it wants), a big island.2. Ephah. Biblical. 3. (Cap.) Also A b a . Abba. (Mar. 14.36.) ' a p a . 1. Roll or ream, as of paper; bolt, as of cloth. 2. See lima 'apa. ' a p a ' a . 1. Arid, dry; dry area. Pili ho'Bla ka ua i ka 'apa'a, akin to a healer is the rain to the arid plains. 2. Land one has lived on for a long time (a term of affection related to pa'a, firmly bound). ' a p a ' a k u m a . Native of a place and descendant from its earliest line of chiefs. (Malo 24.) ' a p a ' a p a . Redup. of 'apa, 1. hO'apa'apa. T o slow down others; to lag, dillydally, bother. He 'aumakua ho'oluhi, hd'apa'apa i ke kahuna, a family god who bothers and interferes with the priest. ' A p a ' a p a ' a . 1. Name of a strong wind at K o hala, Hawaii. 2. (iVo; hanging loose, as fat. 2. A variety of sweet potato.

hOIulo. Yar. of holule, 1.

i l f i l u l t i . 1. M i d - t i d e . 2. Redup. of hdlu; corpulent. h o i u l u l e . Redup. of holule, 1. h o l u n a p e . T o sway. Ka holunape a ka lau o ka niu (song), the swaying of the fronds of the coconut. h o m a . 1. Disappointed. Ku maicaho o ka pa o Homa, standing outside Holmes's yard [said of one who is disappointed, a play on the name Holmes). 2. Thin, flabby; hollow, as cheeks. Obs. 3. T o hold a canoe to its course in a rough sea. Obs. 4. Beat of paddle on canoe side, as in rhythmic paddling while fish are driven into a net. Obs. h o m a h o m a . Redup. of homa,

l-.'f.

hOmale, homali. Emaciated, thin. Obs. h o m e . H o m e . Eng. Ka home kaupoku 'ole, the home without a ridgepole [a prison, ship, or place occupied by man that is not actually a home).

home ho'oku'ono'ono. Homestead, home ho'opa'a. Detention home,

h o i n e k a , h u m e t a . Snail. (Oihk. 11.30.)

Homela, Homera. Homer. Eng. hoineopaklka, honiepakika, homepatita. Homeopathic. Eng. h o m i . Withered, puny, feeble; to wither, dry or shrivel up. h f t m i m l . Redup. of homi. h o n a . 1. Same as hopue, a tree. 2. A variety of taro. ( H P 32.) h o n e . 1. Sweet and soft, as music; sweetly appealing, as perfume or a memory of love; to sound s o f t l y ; to tease, play pranks; mischievous. Ke kani hone a ka waiolina, the sweet sound of a violin. Na ka moani la i hali mat, hone ana i ke kai (song), brought by the moani breeze, spreading sweetly to the sea. Kani hone keia keiki, this child keeps up a teasing cry. h o ' o h o n e . Causative/simulative. 2. H o n e y . Eng. Wili i ka hone, t o extract honey, h o n e h o n e . Redup. of hone, 1. h o n e k a k a l a . Honeysuckle, a l o w , twining shrub (Lonicera japonica), f r o m East Asia, with shortstemmed, oval leaves and fragrant tubular flowers that open white and turn yellow. ( N e a l 705.) Eng. h O n e n g . T o attract. He lahui kanaka honene i na mea 'ino ( K e p . 75), a race of people attracted persistently by sinful things, h o n f . X. T o kiss; a kiss; f o r m e r l y , to touch noses on the side in greeting. Hele akula lo Iakoba, a honi a'ela iaia ( K i n . 27.27), Jacob came near and kissed him. h o ' o h o n l . T o cause or pretend to kiss. 2. T o smell, sniff, scent; a scent, h o ' o h o n l . Causative/simulative. 3* T o touch, as a match to a combustible. (Lunk. 16.9.) h o n l a . Passive/imperative of honi, 1-3. Ua honia wale i ke 'ala o ka maile, t o have inhaled indeed the fragrance of maile. h o n f h o n i . Redup. of honi, 1-3; to kiss or smell repeatedly, sniff. h o n l k A . A loud kiss; to kiss loudly. Obs. h o n i l i m a . T o throw a kiss; such a kiss, h o n i n a . 1. Same as honi, 1-3. 2. N a m e of a tapa d y e d with turmeric and worn as a sarong.

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h O n i n a n i n a . Soft, yielding. Cf. Una. h o n o . 1. T o stitch, s e w . m e n d , patch; a joining, as of mountains. Cf. pahonohono. E hono ana i ka lakou mau lupena ( M a t . 4.21), mending their nets. 2. Back of the neck, brow of a cliff. C f . hono-makani. 3. Abounding, multitudinous; repeatedly. Cf. mimi hono. 4. Gathering of chiefs in a taboo c e r e m o n y ; group of islands in a circle. H o n o - . Bay, gulch, valley (as a part of place names such as Honolulu, Honokahau, Honoli'i, H o n o m a n u : also in poetic phrases such as na Honoa Pi'i-lani, the bays beginning with H o n o - of Pi'i-lani [a chief who ruled the bays on M a u i , M o l o k a i , and Lanai that were visible f r o m Lahaina). liana- occurs similarly in place names on Kauai, h o n o f t . Var. spelling of honowd. - h o n o a i . Var. spelling of -honowai. honohlna. W i l d spidertlower (Gynandropsis gynandra), a cosmopolitan tropical hairy annual weed in the caper f a m i l y , one to three feet high, leaves five-parted; flowers spider-like, purple tinged; the fruit is a narrow, cylindrical capsule with many seeds. Also called 'ili-'ohu. (Neal 319.) h o n o h o n o . 1. Short f o r honohono-kukui. 2. T h e wandering Jew or day flower (Comnielina diffusa), known in many temperate and tropical countries, a creeping weed, rooting at the joints, and bearing grasslike, o v a t e leaves and small bright-blue flowers. (Neal 153.) Also called honohono-'ula, honohono-uui, and mdkolokolo. 3. A very rare native mint (Ilaplostnchys grayana), a d o w n y erect herb with oblong or narrower leaves and whitish flowers. 4. See lokikahonohono. S. »Same as hohono, bad-smelling. 6. A children's g a m e : the child locked fingers of t w o hands and thrust them into the sand, letting the sand out through a small opening, h o n o h o n o - k u k u i . T h e basket grass (Oplismenus hirtellus), a creeping grass that originated in America, called kukui Ix-eause it is often found under kukui trees. Also called honohonomaoli. h o n o h o n o - k u - m a u . A variety of honohono. h o n o h o n o - m a o l i . Same as honnhono-kukui. h o n o h o n o - ' u l a . Same as honohono, 2. h o n o h o n o - w a i . Same as honohono, Z. h o n o k a ' a . Cavern, sea cave. ( A P . ) h o n o l e . Mischievous, teasing; to tease. Obs.

h o n o - m a k a n i . Windbreak. Obs. h o n o p Q . M o b , angry crowd. ( A P . ) H o n o l u l u . N a m e of the capital city in the Hawaiian Islands. Lit., sheltered bay. ( F o r P P N , P M P see lulu.) h o n o w & . Same as kukae, excrement, and an insulting epithet f o r commoners. - h O n d w a i . R a r e var. for -hunowai. h o n u . 1. General name for turtle and tortoise, as Chelonia mydas. Hula honu, an ancient dance imitating the m o v e m e n t s of a turtle. Honu ne'e pu ka 4dina, the land moves like the turtle [land passes slowly but inexorably f r o m owner t o heir). ( P P N fonu, P M P penu.) 2. N a m e of a design for N i i h a u mats. 3. R a r e var. of hohonu, deep, h o ' o h o n u . T o deepen, h o n u a . 1. L a n d , earth; background, as of quilt designs; basic, at the foundation, fundamental. See lani. Kaua honua, world war. Ka wahine 'ai honua, the earth-eating w o m a n [Pelel. h o ' o h o n u a . T o establish land, act as lana; firmly established. Fig., rich (obs.). ( P P N fonua, fanua; P M P banu[w)a.) 2. Suddenly, abruptly and without reason. Cf. kuhonua. Huhu honua ihola no, suddenly angry and f o r no reason. Maka'u honua ihola no ia, sudden fear. 3. M i d dle section of a canoe; central section of a canoe fleet, as fishing iheihe fish; main section, as of an army. Obs.

honua nalu. Base of a breaker.

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h o

l i

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In causative/simulative forms beginning prefix ho'o- and look for the stem. h O D u a - ' u l a . A variety of sugar cane, a dark brown-red mutant of manu-lele, with purple leaf sheaths and leaves. (HP 221, 225.) I t was formerly used in medicine, and is one of the best canes for eating raw. l i o n u - ' e a . Hawkbill turtle (Chelonia); the shell of this turtle was used as medicine for the disease called 'ea and was used for combs and fans. h o n u h o n u . 1. A sport in which player and opponent sat with legs crossed and tried to unseat each other; to play this game. (For. 4:35.) 2. A game in which one boy sat astride the back of another who was down on all fours. (Malo 233.) 3. A tapa pattern said to have its surface raised in ridges like corduroy. (AP.) h o n u - k a h i k l . A tortoise, perhaps the introduced land tortoise of the genus Gopherus. Lit., foreign turtle, h o n u - m & e a e a . A variety of turtle, h o n u - p e ' e k u e . 1. A variety of thick-shelled turtle. Lit., coarse turtle.. Ka honu-pe'ekue wakavaka, pipi'i ka unahi ma ke kua, hiolo ka unahi ma ke alo (turtle dance chant), turtle with rough, coarse shell, scales climb up the back, scales slide down the front. 2 . Crowded, thick. Honu-pe'ekue ka pa'a pono o ke kai i va ulu ua'a nei, this canoe fleet covers the sea like the coarse, shell of a turtle, h o n u - p o ' o - k e a . A variety of turtle. IAt„ whiteheaded turtle, h o ' o - . A very active former of causative/simulative derivatives: see Gram. 5.1. Ho'o- usually precedes stems beginning with the vowels iand u- and all the consonants except the glottal stop. 1 mportant meanings follow : (1) Causation and transitivlzation. as pono, correct; ho'oponopono, to correct. (2) Pretense, as kuli, deaf; ho'okuli, to feign deafness. (3) Similarity, as kamali'i, children; ho'okamali'i, childish. (4) No meaning, as kaholoholo, to hurry; ho'okaholoholo, to hurry. The meanings of some lio'oderivatives are quite different, from the meanings of the steins, as maika'i, good: ho'omaika'i, to congratulate. Ho'o- derivatives are defined under the stems. Delete ho'o- and see the stems.

lio'O. See o, food, and 'o, 1. h o ' o a . Same as hd'owa.

See 'owa, 1, k-

ho'6'3. To mix. See 'S'a. ho'Oeiie. See oeoe, 1.

h o ' o l i a ' a h a ' a . See ha'aha'a, low, humble, h o ' o h a ' a h e o . See ha'aheo, proud, h o ' o h a ' a l u l u . See ha'alulu, to shake, h o ' o h a ' a n u l . See ha'anui, to boast, h o ' o h a e . See hoe, wild, and hue, to bark. ho'oh£Ui£. T o beat. See -haha. h o ' o h a h a n a . See hahana, warm, h o ' o h a h u . See hahu, to clear, purge, h o ' o h a ' i . See ha'i, to break, and ha'i, coquettish, h o ' o h & l k l . See haiki, narrow, h o ' o b a i n u . See hainu, to give a drink, h o ' o h a k a . See haka, hole, h o ' o h a k f i l l a . See hakalia, slow, h o ' o h a k a n f i . See hakanu, silent, h o ' o h a k e . See hake, packed, h o ' o h a k u . See haku, lord, h o ' o h a l a . See hala, to sin, and hala, to pass, h o ' o h a l a h a l a . To criticize. See halahala. b o ' o h a l a m a n a w a . T o pass the time. See -hala manawa, h o ' o h a l e . See hale, house, h o ' o h a l l ' a . See hali'a, recollection, h o ' o h a l i k e . See halike, alike.

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with ho'o-, delete

the

h o ' o h a i u a . See halua, to ambush. I i o ' o h & m a m a . See hamama, opeu. h o ' o l i a m o . See liamo, anointed, h o ' o h a n a . See hana, work, and hana, worthless, h o ' o h a n l . T o touch. See hani. h o ' o h a u o h a n o . See hanohano, glorious, h o ' o h a ' o h a ' o . See ha'oha'o, puzzling, h o ' o l i a p e . See hape, incorrect, h o ' o h a u k a ' e . See hauka'e, stained, h o ' o h a ' u l e . See. ha'ule, to fall, h o ' o h a u m i a . See haumia, defilement, h o ' o h a u i i a e i e . See haunaele, panic, l i o ' o h e . Same as hohe, coward,

ho'ohe'e. See he'e, to slide, h o ' o l i e h e ' e . See hehe'e, 1.

ho'oliei. See hei, snare. h o ' o h e i l i e l . See heihei, h o ' o l i e k e . See 'oheke.

race, and heihei,

2, 3.

ho'ohele. See hele, 1, 3.

h o ' o h e l e l e ' i . See helele'i, falling, h o ' o h e m o . See hemo, loose, h o ' o h e n e l i e n e . To tease. See henehene. h o ' o h e n o . T o cherish. Sec heno. h o ' o l i e u . See heu. down, h o ' o l i e w a . See hewa, mistake, h o ' o l i e w a . See 'oheua, delirious, h o ' o h i a m o e . See hiamoe, sleep,

ho'ollie. See hie, attractive,

h o ' o h i l l i a . See hihia, entangled, h o ' o l l i k l . To vow, swear. See -hiki. h o ' o l l i l a h l l a . See hilahila, bashful, h o ' o h i l i . See hili, to turn, and hili, to whip, l i o ' o h i n a . See hina, to fall,

ho'olliliulllliu. See hinuliinu, 1, 2. h o ' o h i w a h i w a . See hiuahiwa, b o ' O h o . See oho, to call,

precious.

ho'ohoa. See hoa, companion, and -hoa.

h o ' o h o l i o u o . See hohono, acrid odor, b o ' o h o t a o i i u . See hohonu, deep, h o ' o h o l h o i . See hoihoi, pleased, h o ' o h o k a . See hoka, disappointed. I l o ' o b o k u . See -haku. h o ' o h o l o . See holo, to run; holo, decided; and -holo. h o ' o h o p o b o p o . See hopohopo, anxiety.

ho'ohQ. See hu, to swell. ho'obua. See hua, fruit, and -hua. ho'ohu'a. See -hu'a.

h o ' o h u h O . See huhu, angry. h o ' o h u h u k l . See huhuki, to pull. h o ' o b u i . See hui, club, and hui, to join. h o ' o h u ' i h u ' i . See hu'ihu'i, cold. h o ' o h u i k a u . See huikau, mixed. h o ' o h u k i . See huki, to pull, and -huki. b o ' o h u l i . See huli, to turn, and huli, to look for. b o ' o h u l u . See hulu, esteemed. h o ' o h Q n & . See huna, to hide. l i o ' o h u o i . See huoi, suspicion.

h&'ola. See 'oia, truth. h o ' o i a ' i ' o . See 'oia'i'o,

true.

ho'olkft. See lka, to drift. ho'oikl. See iki, small.

h o ' o l l i . See Hi, stranded, and Hi, inheritance.

—

l i o ' o i l i n a

—

In causative/simulative forms beginning prefix ho'o- and look for the stem. h o ' o l l i n a . See ilina, grave, and ilina, recipient, h o ' o l l o . Winter, rainy season. See -ilo. Ua hala ka ho'oilo, ua malie, winter is gone, it is calm [trouble is over), h o ' o l n u . See inu, t o drink.

hO'olo. See -'oio.

ho'oka'a. See ka'a, 1, 4.

ho'oka'awale. See ka'awale. ho'okae. T o despise. See kae. h o ' o k a h e . See kahe, to flow, h o ' o k a h l . See kahi, 1.

h o ' o l a l a u . See lalau, to seize, h o ' o l a n a . See lana, floating, and

overthrow,

bo'okala. See kala, 1, 3. ho'okalakupua. See kalakupua. h o ' o k a m a k a m a . See -kamakama. ho'okainaul. See kamani, 2. h o ' o k a n l . T o play. See kani, sound, h o ' o k a n o . See kano, 1, and -kano. b o ' o k a u l i k e . See kaulike, equality,

h o ' o l a p a . See lapa, ridge, and lapa, energetic.

bo'Gla pSna'l. See ola

pina'i.

h o ' o l l m a l l m a . T o rent. See limalima. h o ' o l o h e . See lohe, to hear, obey, h o ' o l o l i . See loli, to change, l i o ' o l o n o . T o listen. See lono, I.

h o ' o k e l e . See kele, watery, and kele, to sail,

hO'olu. See 'olu, cool,

ho'okepa. See kepa. ho'Okl. See oki, to stop.

ho'olu'a. See -lu'a.

lio'olua. See lua, 1, 3, and -lua. h o ' o l u h l . T o bother. See luhi, h o ' o l u l l . See luli, t o shake.

bO'okl. See 'oki, to cut.

height,

I.

hO'olu'olu. See 'olu'olu. h o ' o l u ' u . See lu'u, to dive, h o ' o m a ' a m a ' a . See ma'ama'a.

bo'oklkl. See kikl. ho'oklna. See -kina. ho'okltlft. See kina, blemish, b o ' o k l n o . See kino, b o d y , b o ' o k l p a . T o entertain. See kipa. h o ' o k i p l . See kipi, rebellion.

bo'okO. See kS, to fulfill, h o ' o k o e . T o save. See koe, to remain, h o ' o k o h u . See kohu, resemblance, and b o ' o k o ' l k o ' i . See ko'iko'i, weight, h o ' o k o k o k e . Soe kokoke, near,

lau.

ho'olllo. See lilo, 1, 3.

ho'oke. T o crowd. See ke, 1. ho'okCkP. See -keke.

-kohu.

bo'okolokolo. See kolokolo. t o enter, and komo,

to

h o ' o k a . See ku, to stand, and ku, in a state of.

ho'oktl'e. See ku'i, to oppose. ho'oku'l. See ku'i, to pound.

h o ' o m a ' a w e . See ma'awe, fibre, h o ' o m a ' e m a ' e . T o clean. See ma'ema'e. h o ' o m a h a . See mafia, rest, h o ' o m a h a n a . T o warm. See rnahana, 1. h o ' o m a h u a . T o mock. See mahua. h o ' o m & h u a . T o increase. See mahua. b o ' o m a i k a ' l . See maika'i, good, h o ' o m a k a . T o begin. See viaka, 3. h o ' o m a k a ' l k a ' l . See maka'ika'i, t o visit, h o ' o m a k a ' u . T o frighten. See maka'u. h o ' o m & k a u k a u . T o prepare. See makaukau. h o ' o m a k e . T o kill. See make, t o die. h o ' o m & k e ' a k a . Funny. See -make'aka.

ho'om&lamalama. See malamalama, 1. h o ' o m a l l m a l l . T o flatter. See malimali. h o ' o m a l o l o . See malolo, t o rest, h o ' o m a l u . See malu, shade, h o ' o m & l u h l l u h l . T o tire. See maluhiluhi.

b o ' o k l l k f i . See kuktl, to shake, and -kOka. b o ' o k u l l . See kuli, deaf. h o ' o k u m u . See kumu, beginning. h o ' o k O ' o n o ' o n o . See ku'ono'ono, well-off. h o ' o k u p a . See kupa, citizen. b o ' o k u p u . See kupu, sprout, and -kupu.

b o ' o m a m a o . See mamao, far. h o ' o m a n a . See mana, power, and -mana, tao'om&iialo. See manalo, sweet, and m&nalo, appeased.

h o ' o k u ' u . See ku'u, to release.

ho'ol&. See la, sun.

b o ' S l a . 1. See ola, life. 2. Small piece of t a p a ; tapa in general ( K a u a i ) ,

ho'ola'a. T o consecrate. See la'a, 1. h o ' o i a ' a u . See la'au, tree, and b o ' o l a h a . See laha, extended, h o ' o l a k a . T o tame. See laka. h o ' o l a k o . T o supply. See lako. h o ' o l a l a u . See lalau, mistake.

-lana.

hO'ola'oia. See 'ola'oia.

h o ' o l e l c . T o fly. See lele, 1. Of. ha'alele. h o ' o l e p e . T o cut, stir. See lepe. ho'Olepe. See 'Blepe, to turn. H d ' o l e p o p e . Protestant. Lit., Denier of the Pope, h o ' o l e w a . See lew a, to float, and -lewa.

b o ' o k a l l . See kali, to wait,

h o ' o k o m o . See komo, dress.

the

ho'olawehala. See lawehala, sin. hO'ole. T o deny. See 'ole. ho'olel. T o throw. See lei, 2.

ho'okahua. See kahua.

h o ' o k l ' e k i ' c . See ki'eki'e,

ho'o-, delete

h o ' o l a p u . See lapu, ghost. h o ' o l a u . See lau, leaf; lau, dragnet; and much. h o ' o l a u l & . See laula, broad, b o ' o l a u l e ' a . Celebration. See laule'a. h o ' o l a u n a . See launa, friendly, h o ' o l a w a . T o supply. See lawa, 1. h o ' o l a w e . T o subtract. See lawe, 1.

ho'0101. See oioi. h O ' o l ' o l . See 'oi'oi. h o ' o k a . T o shatter. See ka, 1.

h o ' o k a h u l l . See kahuli,

with

-la'au.

h o ' o m a n a m a n a . Superstitious. See manamana. tao'omana'o. T o remember. See mana'o. h o ' o m a n a w a n u i . See manawanui, patience, b o ' o m a o p o p o . T o understand. See maopopo.

ho'omau. See mau, 1, Z, 3.

h o ' o m e h e u . See meheu, track, h o ' o m e l u . See melu, soft.

— 76

— hou — In causative/simulative fi prefix ho'o- and look for h o ' o m o ' a . See mo'a, cooked, h o ' o m o a n a . See moana, campground, and moana, broad, h o ' o m o e . See moe, to sleep, and moe, to marry. h G ' o m o ' o m o . T o mould. See 'omo'omo. h o ' o m Q . See mu, 2. 3. h o ' o n S . See no, calmed, h o ' o n a ' a u a o . T o educate. See na'auao. h o ' o n a n e a . See nanea, 1. h o ' o n a n e n a n e . Puzzling. See nanenane. h o ' o n a n i . T o beautify. See nani, 1. h o ' o n e . See ne, teasing. h o ' O n e . See one, sand, h o ' o n e ' e . See ne'e, to m o v e along. h O ' o n i . See loni, to move, h o ' o i l i p o . See nipo, 1, 2. l i l V o n i ) . See 'ono. delicious, h o ' o n u i . T o enlarge. See nui, 1. h o ' o ' o m a . See 'o'oma, concave, h o ' o ' o p a . See 'o'opa, lame, h o ' o p i i . See pa. to touch, and pa, barren, h o ' o p a ' a . T o make fast. See pa\i, 1. h o ' o p a ' a p a ' a . T o argue. See pa'apa'a, 1. h o ' o p a e . See pae, cluster, and pae, to land, h o ' o p a l i e ' e . See pahe'e, slippery, b o ' o p a l . T o encourage. See pai. h o ' o p a ' I . See pa'i, to slap, h o ' o p a i l u a . See puilua, nausea, b o ' o p a k e l e . See pakele, to escape, h o ' o p a l a . See pa/a, ripe, and pala, dab. h o ' o p a l e . T o ward off. See pale, 1. h o ' o p a n a ' i . See pana'i, revenge. h o ' o p & p & . See papa, to touch, h o ' o p a u . See pau, finished, h o ' o p a u m a u a w a . T o waste time. See -paumanawa. h o ' o p e . See pe, crushed; pe, perfumed; and pi, drenched, h o ' o p e . See 'ope, bundle, h o ' o p i h a . See piha, full, h o ' o p i ' i . See pi'i, 1, 2, 5, and -pi'i. l i o ' o p i l i . See pili, to cling, and pili, to refer, h o ' o p o n o p o n o . T o correct. See ponopono, 1. h o ' o p f l ' l w a . See pu'iwa, startled, b o ' o p u k a . See puka, l, 2, 3. h o ' o p u l a p u l a . See pulapula, seedling, b o ' o p u l u . See pulu, wet, and pulu, mulch, h o ' o p u n i . See punt, 1, 2, 3. h o ' o O ' i . T o beautify. See u'i. h o ' o Q k a . See -uka. h o ' o Q k u . See uku, pay. h o ' o a l l . See uli, 1, dark, h o ' o f l l u . See ulu, 1, 2. h o ' o O n a . T o send. See -una. h o ' o w S . See wa, roar. h O ' o w a . See 'owa, 1, h o ' o w a e . See wae, to choose, h o ' o w a h & w a h i l . See wahawaha. h o ' o w a l e w a l e . T o t e m p t . See walewale. b o ' o w e l i w e l l . T o frighten. See welt, h o ' o w i l l . See wili, to turn, h o p a l . Same as pai, 5, a fishing basket, h o p e . 1. A f t e r , behind; last, late, next, back, rear; afterwards. ( T h i s c o m m o n word occurs

— 77

beginning stem.

is

with

ho'o-,

delete the

without a preceding it-demonstrative or kpossessive; it frequently follows ma-. See Gram. 2.3.) Mahope, afterwards, by-and-by, late, behind [referring to both t i m e and place], I hope, in back, behind [does not refer to time]. Ke keiki hope loa, the very last child, the youngest. Mahope makou o LiH'u-lani (song), we are supporters of Lili'u-lani. Xo'ono'o 'o hope nei . . . (For. 5:233), the people in the rear thought . . . Mahope aku au, I'll come later. 2. Result, conclusion, end, purpose, sequel, consequence, supplement. Na hana hope 'ole. inconsequential deeds, deeds without result. Ka hope o ka helu na'au, the supplement of the mental arithmetic. 3. D e p u t y , substitute, assistant, adjutant, proxy, acting officer, supporter, vice-, agent, factor. Hope kenclale, adjutant general. 4. Posterior, buttocks. Malo ma ko ' Umi hope (For. 4:185), loincloth on 'ITmi's buttocks. 5. Second brew of kava. h o p e ' a ' e i . Part of an 'opclu net. h o p e - ' e l i a . Same as hope-'d. Lit., pain-inflicting rear. h o p e - h a ' l u a . Object of a sentence, h o p e k u m i l . Substitute or assistant teacher, h o p e n a . Result, conclusion, ending. He hopena luahine, the result of being an old woman [said jokingly of one advancing in years]. h o p e - ' O . Wasp, yellow jac;;ot. Lit., spearing rear, h o p e p e l e k i k e n a ( p e i e s i d e n a ) . Vice-president, h o p e p o ' o . Acting or deputy head, director, leader. h o p e p u ' l l k Q . Assistant or deputy treasurer. h O p l l o . Barely able to speak; to whisper. Obs. h o p i l o l c . T o eat slowly, as an invalid. ( A P . ) h o p o . Same as hopohopo. h O p o e . 1. Fully developed, as a lehua flower. See poepoc, popohe. Ilopoe lehua ki'eki'e i luna, wellrouuded mighty lehua bloom above. 2. (Cap.) A legendary woman in the Pele and Hi'i-aka cycle. For example, see nolu. h o p o h o p o . A n x i e t y , uncertainty, doubt, f r i g h t ; uncertain, anxious, in doubt, fearful. Me ka 'ole, with unfeigned difhopohopo ho'okamani fidence. h o ' o h o p o h o p o . T o evoke or produce doubt, fear, anxiety, h o p u . T o seize, grasp, take, catch, arrest; seizure, taking, arrest. Palapala hopu, warrant of arrest. Pakele mai ka hopu 'ia, f r e e d o m f r o m arrest. h o p u a . Passive/imperative of hopu. Ilopua mai ka 'ilio, catch the dog. h O p u e . 1. Orange iinch (Psittirostra palmeri), the largest of the Hawaiian finchljke forms, found only in the K o n a and K a ' u districts, H a w a i i . 2. A native tree ( Urera sandwicensis var. kauaiensis) in the nettle f a m i l y , with broadovate, long-stemmed leaves, and red, clustered, male flowers. Also called hona, 'Bpuhe. h o p u h l a . Passive/imperative of hopu. '0 kou maka kunou, a, ua hopuhia ( P H 66), your bowed head is caught, b o p u h o p u . Redup. of hopu. h o p u h o p u a l u l u . Same as pupuahulu. b o p u n a . 1. Grasping, seizing, taking; arrest. 2. Pronunciation. h o p u n a ' O l e l o . 1. Pronunciation, enunciation. 2. Paragraph. 3. Syllable. hOpQpQ. E m o t i o n a l l y excited, as with hate, love, lust. h o u . 1. N e w , fresh, recent. Kapuna-hou (name), t h e new spring. ( P P N fo'ou, P M P baqeRu(,h).) 2. A g a i n , more. Hana hou, t o do again, repeat; encore. 3. T o push, thrust, poke, stab, shove.

—

h o ' u

inject. See also houhou. Hou kui, injection needle. Ka hou 'ana o ka ihe (For. 5:21), the hurling of the spear. 4. Perspiration, sweat; t o perspire, sweat. 5. Varieties of the Thalassoma shallow-water fish. T h e following names have been recorded for tho young stages of the hou: 'awela, kanaloa, 'olali, 'olani, pahouhou, pakaiele, pakaueloa, palae'a, pa'ou'ou. 6. Same as pakaweli, a variety of sugar cane. h O ' f l . T o grunt. See 'u, 1. l i o u l i e w a . T o turn this way and that, as in panic, h o u h o u . Redup. of hou, 3. Fig., t o make cutting or cruel remarks, h o u k u i . See hou, 3. h O ' u l u ' u l u . See 'ulu'ulu, collection, h f t u n a . Scooping. See 'upena houna. h o u p a h i . T o stab with a knife, h o u p o . Diaphragm, chest. Lelele ka houpo i ka 'oli oil, the heart leaps for joy. Pa'a ka houpo, the stomach is full. Houpo lewalewa, sagging chest [hunger], h o u p o - ' u m e - p a u . Strong pulsation in solar plexis, heart attack, h o u p u k a . T o drill a hole, bore or pierce through. h S w a l . W a t e r y , as thin poi. Pa howai, a dish containing liquids. h O w a l - a - u l u . A perennial herb (Lagenophora mauiensis) found only in marshy high parts of Maui. T h e leaves f o r m a basal rosette, f r o m which rises a stalk bearing a round daisy-like flower head with yellow center and pale-red rays. h f i . 1. T o rise or swell, as yeast or souring poi\ to ferment, ovorflow (Isa. 8.7), percolate, effervesce, boil over; to surge or rise to the surface, as emotion: rising, swelling; outburst, overflow. Perena hu 'ole, unleavened_ bread. tin ka 'aka, to burst into laughter. Ina hu aku kou 'uhane i ka po'e pololi (Isa. 5S.10). if your soul has compassion for the hungry people. Hu mai ke aloha no ka 'aina, l o v e for the homeland swells forth. He hu wale mehe wai la ( K i n . 49.4), unstable as water, l i o ' o h f l . ( a ) T o leaven, cause to rise, swell, overflow. (Hal. 45.1.) Cb) Yeast, baking powder, leaven. 2. T o roar, grunt, hum. Hu ka makani, the wind whistles or roars [of things going at great speed], flu wawa ka nahele, din roaring in the forest fgossip], 3. A spinning top. Iiaula hil, cord used to spin a top. Ho'oniniu i ka hu, to spin a top. 4. T o depart f r o m the proper course, miss the way. Hu a pua'a, off tho course like a pig [of one who does not follow a straight and narrow path, as of a drunkard], h o ' o h f i . T o cause someone to deviate f r o m the path; to shoo, drive away. 5. Gum, as of the 'Stops tree. 6. A class of commoners. E ka hu, e ka maka'ainana, aloha 'oukou (chant by Ka-mamalu), O commoners, O citizenry, farewell to you. 7. Var. of hui, to unite, join. E Lono, e hu 'ia mai ka lani me ka honua (prayer), O Lono, join heaven and earth, h u a . 1. Fruit, egg, ovum, seed, offspring; meat, as in 'opihi shell or 'alatnihi crab; to bear fruit, seed: to bear a child; fruitful. For kinds of eggs, see hua'alu'alu, huamakani, huamoa. Hua'ai, fruit. Huakanu, seed. A e hana aku ai ia 'oukou e hua a'e (Oihk. 26.9), and will make you fruitful, h o ' o h u a . T o bear fruit, reproduce, g i v e birth; to swell high, as a wave (LJL 36). Nalu ho'ohua, a swelling wave. Ho'ohua kawowo, a medicine f o r women to induce conception. ( P P N fua, P M P buaq.) 2. Round object, as pill or bead. Cf. huaale. 3. Result, effect; credit, as for a university course. Ka hua o ka 'oukou hana, the results of your work. 4. Testicles. He hua pipl 'ia (Oihk. 21.20), broken testicles. 5. Same as huahua, 3, a vulgar gesture. Ho'om'u ka hua, to make this gesture. 6. W o r d , etter, figure, watchword, rallying cry, note in imusic; winning word in the Chinese gambling game of chee-fah\ type. Cf. huahelu, hua'olelo. Ho'onoho hua, to set type. Kane ku i ke kala, kala i ka hua o ka waha (prayer), K a n e stand t o forgive, forgive the words of the mouth. 7. T o speak. Bare. A hua (For. 5:43), then speak.

8. (Cap.) N a m e of the thirteenth night of the lunar month. ( M a l o 35.) Kapu hua, monthlv taboo nights of Mohalu and Una. 9. (Cap.) N a m e of a star. 10. T h e bulging of the broadest, part of a paddle blade. 11. See pai Ivta. - h u a . 1. Emotion, as grief, sorrow, anger. Cf. mokuahua, pilihua, uluhua. 2. ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o h u a . Because of, ever since (fol!owed_by no). Ho'ohua no ka make 'ana. o ka makua kane, pau ko makou 'ike 'una idia, ever since his father's death, w e ' v e never seen him again. Ho'ohua no i ka huhu 'ana o ke kupuna, 'o ka hele no ia, because of the anger of his grandparent, he departed, h u ' a . 1. Foam, froth, bubble, suds. Hu'a o ka wai, water bubble. 2. Rim, border, edge, hem; ruffles and tucks at the b o t t o m _ o f a dress; tucks in a m a t ; train of a gown. Akea ka hu'a o ka lole, the bottom of the dress is wide [a full skirt], Ka hu'a o ka la'au (For. 5:59), the reach of the club. 3. Suburb, boundary. 4. Pile, as of mats or tapa. (For. 4:63.) Also nu'a. - h u ' a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o h u ' a . T o insist, persist. Ho'ohu'a noho'i i ka inu lama, persisting in drinking intoxicants. h u a ' 3 . V e r y sour, of poi. h Q ' a ' i i . T o burn intensely. h u a ' a l . E d i b l e f r u i t or seed. Hua'ai malili ( K a n l . 28.22), blasted fruit, h u a ' a l a . N u t m e g . IA!., fragrant fruit, h u a a l e . Pill. Lit., seed to swallow, h u a a l e h o ' o m o e . Sleeping tablet, h u a ' a l i i ' a l u . E g g with a very soft shell, h u a ' a i u a l u a . See 'alualua, 2. h u a a n l a n l . Glass bead. h u a ' c . Child born out of wedlock, that is accepted by the husband or wife of the parent and treated as his own. Lit., strange fruit. Ka'u, Hawaii. h u S e l o . Var. spelling of hua arlo. See aelo. h u a l i a p a . Half note, as in music, h u a l i a p a h a . Quarter note, as in music, h u a h a ' u l e . Fallen fruit or seed. Fig., friendless, uncared for by parents or chief: bastard, illegitimate child (modern); foetus lost through miscarriage. h u a h & ' u l e w a l e . Same as hua ha'ule. Also said of a sweet potato produced f r o m the extended vine as distinguished f r o m the product in the hill. h u a h c k i l i . 1. Hail. Lit., thunder fruit. (Puk. 9.18.) 2. R a r e name for the beach naupaka (Scaevola) plant, h u a h e k l l l - u k a . A small native naupaka (.Scaevola kilaueae) found only on dry lava near Ivilauea Volcano. It docs not exceed a height of two and a half feet, has narrow, thick leaves, dull-yellow flowers, and small black fruits. Also called papa'a-hc.kiH. h u a h e l u . 1. Figure, number (the character). 2. A few, little. 'Ehia au lei? He mau huahelu no. How many leis f o r sale have you? Just a few. He wahi huahelu ia, it's of some help [financially]. h u a h O ' a l l o n a . Abbreviation. h u a h o ' o n e ' e . Combination, as of a safe. Lit., number to move, hua h o ' o n o h o . Type. h u a h u a . 1. Fruitful, productive; t o bear many fruits; to lay many eggs. 2. Testicles. 3. A vulgar gesture of contempt made b y thrusting the thumb between index and middle fingers with fist clenched, or the fist held up to the face and the eyelid drawn down. W i t h the gesture one sometimes said, "Eia kau 'o ka huahua," " H e r e ' s your huahua." h u ' a h u ' a . 1. Redup. of hu'a, 1; f o a m , f r o t h ; bubbling, frothing. Ua lo'ohia 'oia e kekahi 'uhane, auwl koke no ia . . . a hu'ahu'a a'e (Luka 9.39), a spirit seizes him, and he suddenly cries out . . . until [he] foams. 2. Jelly. Bare. 3. See hu'ahu'a-kai.

— 78 —

—

h u a

p a 1 a p a la

leo

h u a h u a ' i . Redup. of hua'i; to boil up, as water in a spring; to gush f o r t h ; culmination of sexual passion. Kaua i ka huahua'i, e 'uhene la i pili ko'olua (song, U L 166), we t w o in passionate outpour, giggling, clinging t w o and two. h u ' a h u ' a - k a i . 1. Sponge. A ho'oma'u i ka hu'ahu'a-kai i ka vinega ( M a r . 15.36), and soaked a sponge witli vinegar. 2. Sea f o a m ; crest of a w a v e breaking into f o a m . 3. A variety of seaweed. hu'ahu'a-ko. (Rumez

A

coarse,

weedy

native

herb

albescens) in the buckwheat family,

hu'ahu'a kopa (sopa). Soapsuds,

h u ' a h u ' a l a n a . Floating froth. Fig., an ignoramus. h u a h u a l a u . Interrogation t o incriminate, ensnare, or obtain information by roundabout methods, h o ' o l i u a h u a l a u . Causative/simulat i v e ; to cross-examine. ( K i n . 42^7.) Na'u na'e i ho'ohuahualuu aku, a no laila, hu max ko'u aloha ( L a i e 607), I used devious methods and then my l o v e p o u r e d f o r t h . Ua ho'ohuahualau mai ia ia makou me kana 'olelo 'ino'ino (3 Ioane 10), he prattles against us with his evil words. h u a h u w & . Redup. and intensifier of hiiwa. A huahuwa maila ko Piliselia iaia ( K i n . 26.14), and the Philistines envied him. h u a ' I . T o disclose, reveal, uncover, as an o v e n ; to disinter, dig up; to pour forth, break f o r t h ; to churn water, as the propeller of a ship. Cf. po'o hua'i. Ke lepo kc kumu wai, e hua'i ana ka lepo i kai, when the source of water is dirty, dirt is seen in the lowlands [if thoughts are dirty, dirty words are heard], h u a iki. Small letter; small fruit, h u a ' i n a . Boiling up, opening, uncovering; to gush forth, as lava, h u a k a . 1. Clear as crystal, bright, dazzling, white, shining, flashing, h o ' o h u a k a . T o cause a gleam of light, flash, glimmer. 2. Shadow, reflection. h o ' o h u a k a . T o cast a shadow or reflection, h u a k a l l l . An only child or offspring, h u a k a l . Scrambled eggs, h u ' a - k a l . Sponge, f o a m . h u a k a ' i . Trip, voyage, mission; procession, parade; to travel, parade. Cf. kali, to lead. Ua huli a'e na huaka'i ( l o b a 6.18), the caravans turn aside. h u a k a ' i hele. Travels, a long trip; to keep traveling. h u a k a ' i h o ' o h a n o h a n o . H o n o r escort, h u a k a ' i p o . N i g h t procession or parade, especially the night procession of ghosts that is sometimes called 'oi'o.

hua kalakala. Bur.

h u a k a n l . T o n e in music, h u a k a u u . Seed, as of mango; bulb, h u ' a k a p a . Pile of tapas. See hu'a, 4. h u ' a k a p u . T a b o o borders, as of a taboo place, or of the taboo enclosure where hula was taught. h u a k € . Full and plump, as a healthy person; well-proportioned, as a properly built canoe, - h u a k e ' e o . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o h u a k e ' e o . H u r t , angry, displeased, resentful, h u a k e p a u . Printer's typo. hQ a k e u . Excessive. Hu a keu i ka 'ino, extremely wicked, h u a k i n e k o , h u a k i n e t o . Jacinth. ( H o i k . 21.20.) h Q a k u . Same as hu a keu. He 'olelo hu a ku i ka pono, a word completely just, h u a k u m u . Alphabet. Lit., basic letters. htkalak€. Loose; to tie loosely; round, full, swelling; to sag, as cheeks, h u a l a l a . Curved, warped, oval, twisted, h u a l a n l . Offspring of a chief, h u a - l a n i . A variety of sweet potato.

h u i ,

h u a

leo

h u i

—

h u a - l a u . A variety of banana. Lit., many fruits, hu&le. Var. spelling of huaale. h u a l e l e . 1. Seeds of the lau-lele plant. 2. Hernia. Lit., flying testicles, h u a leo h u l . See hua palapala leo hui. h u a leo k&hi. See hua palapala leo kahi. h u ' a l e p o . T o scatter dust, especially a method of fighting with a club in which the opponent was blinded by stirring up dust; to nit an underhanded blow. Also hu'elcpo. Wili a'ela 'o Pupu-akea i kana la'au, a hu'alepo akula ma na wawae o Maka-ku-i-kalani (For. 4 349), Pupuakea twirled his club and scattered dust at the feet of Maka-ku-i-kalani. h u a l e w a . A t y p e of wood. h u a l l . Bright, polished clean, pure, white, glittering, gleaming; morally pure. Ua huali kona kapa e like me ka ha 11 ( M a t . 28.3), his raiment was white as snow, h o ' o h u a l l . Causative/ simulative; to polish (ISzek. 21.10). A[e he 'olinolino la ke Jiana aku, a me ke keleawe ho'ohuali 'ia (Ezek. 8.2), like t he brightness of the sun to look upon, and gleaming bronze, h u a l l ' L 1. Small or inferior fruit; runt; small 1 puny. 2. Small letter, h u a l l ' l l i ' i . Grace note in music, h u a lill. Blasted fruit. h u a l o a ' a . Product, answer, as in arithmetic, h u ' a lole. T r i m m i n g s or borders of a g a r m e n t ; hem of a dress. h Q ' a l u . Loose skin over the eyeball; slight viscous membrane covering the eye. h u a - l u a . See rnai'a-hua-lua. h u a l f i k l n i . Musk, as used in making perfume, h u a - m a l - l a n l . Same as kukue-akua. Lit., f r u i t f r o m heaven, h u a m a k a u i . T i n y , yolkless egg. Lit., wind egg. h u a niele. N o t e s in music; words of a song, h u a m o a . 1. Chicken egg. 2. Round-ended bone entering the hip socket. 3. Same as w o « , a native variety of banana. 4. A variety of sweet potato. h u ' a m o e n a . Pile of mats. (For. 4:63.) h u a m u a . Offering to a Congregational church of the first earnings in a new j o b or undertaking; offerings in gratitude for a particular success, as a big fish catch. Lit., first fruit, h u a n a . Gushing forth, overflow. Hala ka huana wai, gone is the rush of water, h u a n a n a l . N a m e of tho hinahina root when used in hana aloha, l o v e sorcery. Lit., swift fruit, h u a - n u i . A variety of banana, h u a n u l . Capital letter, h u a ' o k o ' a . W h o l e note in music, h u a ' o l e . Fruitless, unproductive, worthless. h u a ' O l e l o . 1. W o r d . 2. A n affront to a f a m i l y 'aumakua god. E no'ono'o noho'i i ka hua'olelo, then think of the affront [that caused the god's displeasure!, h u a - ' o n o . A variety of sweet potato, h u a - p a l a . X. Orange trumpet or sweetheart vine (Pyrostegia ignea, s y n o n y m Bignonia venusta), an ornamental climber f r o m Brazil, bearing early in the year many deep-orange flowers. ( N e a l 672.) Lit., ripe fruit. 2. Sweetheart, l o v e r ; pretty, handsome. E Kohala i ka hua-pala kau i ka nuku, O K o h a l a with the handsome folk t o delight the eyes [lit., to appear at the mouth], h u a p a l a o a . W h e a t . Lit., flour (Eng.) seed. 'Ai Ha na pu'u huapalaoa (Puk. 22.6), the stacked grain is consumed,

huapalaoa-'ele^le. Rye.

h u a p a l a p a l a . L e t t e r of the alphabet. Lit., writing letter, h u a p a l a p a l a leo h u l , h u a leo h u l . Consonant. Lit., letter joined in pronunciation.

— 79 —

— hua

palapala

leo

kâhi,

leo

kâhi

—

h u e l o ' a w a . S t i n g , as of a s c o r p i o n . Lit., b i t t e r tail. h u e l o e l o . T a i l - l i k e , h a v i n g tails. h u e l o - ' I l l o . A s m a l l s h r u b (Buddleia asiatica) l o w i n g wild in H a w a i i , r e l a t e d t o t h e s u m m e r ilac, a n a t i v e of s o u t h e a s t e r n Asia t o J a v a . I t h a s n a r r o w l e a v e s a n d s m a l l white flowers g r o w i n g in l o n g n a r r o w c l u s t e r s . (Neal 602.) Lit., d o g tail. h u e l o m & e w a . A t t h e tail e n d , especially of a j u n i o r line of a l i n e a g e . (1.) Also called kupo'o. k f l p o e p o e . Round; bundled up with clothes, as in cold weather,

kfipoho. Calm.

K u - p o ' I - I a n i - u a . Name of a star. Lit., stands the rainy sky cover. k Q p o k l . Plaiting process of turning a pandanus leaf back, thereby giving the product a neat edge; to plait thus. Also called hi'i. k f l p o l a . T o roll, wrap up, as a package; to \vit_her and curl up, as a banana leaf. Kupola i keia pu'olo, tie up this package. k O p o I o . Unresponsive, fatigued, exhausted. kQpololQ. Vaulting on a long pololu spear, k u p o n a . T o stand a bond. Ka mea ku pona, bondsman. k O p o n o . Upright, perpendicular, honest, proper, right, just, fair, qualified, suitable, seemly, fit, natural, applicable; worth, merit. Cf. huina kupono. Ka mea i 'ike 'ia he kupono, as is seen fit; as is deemed proper. Ka hope kupono i kana hana 'ana, the natural consequences of his acts. Na mea e kupono ai na lunamaka'ainana, qualifications of representatives. Na hua'dlelo kupono i ka mea i o o, kupono noho'i i na keiki, words referring to the middle-aged, also applicable to children. Ua ho'omahuahua akuna'e ka uku o na kumu kuia e like me ko lakou kupono, the pay of the teachers was increased according to their merit. Kupono lakou i waho 0 Hanama'ulu (For. 5:33), they were just outside Hanama'ulu. h o ' o k f l p o n o . T o behave uprightly, honestly; to conform to. Na ho'okupono 'ana, qualifications. k f i p o n o ' o l e . Unsuitable, improper, disqualified, etc. k t l p o ' o . Same as kupo, 2. k f l p o p o u . Redup. of kupou, 1. Kupopou ana i ka pali o Ke'e, going downhill at the cliff of Ke'e [word play oil ke, to object, and '(', against; of one who does not co-operate], k f l p o u . 1. T o go down, walk downhill fast, stagger; to bend far forward, as one reeling drunk. 2 . A flsh (Cheilio inermis). Also called poupou. k u - p o u - k l a . Small opening in canoe bottom for mast. Lit., stand mast pole, k l l p o u l i . Befuddled, stupefied, mentally clouded, carried away with emotion, stricken. Kupouli 1 ke kaumaha, stricken with grief, k f l p o u p o u . 1. Redup. of kupou, 1. 2 . Same as kupou, 2; the name may be qualified by lelo, yellowish. k u p u . 1. Sprout, growth; offspring; upstart, as one rising suddenly and conspicuously to high position; to sprout, grow, increase; to occur. Ke kupu, ka 'eu, ke kolohe, the upstart, the rascal, the mischief-maker. Na wai ke kupu 'o 'oe? Whose sprout are you? l i o ' o k u p u . T o cause growth, sprouting; to sprout. ( P P N tupu, P M P tu[m]buq.) 2 . Spirit, supernatural being. (For. 4:161.) - k u p u . (With ho'o-) h o ' o k u p u . Tribute, tax, ceremonial gift-giving to a chief as a sign of honor and respect; to pay such tribute; church offering. (Ezera 6.8.) kQpQ. Thick, as gravy, or moisture-swollen lomi flsh. k u p u a . Demigod, especially a supernatural being possessing several forms as K a m a - p u a ' a (man, pig, fish), Lae-nihi (a woman, a fish); one possessing mana\ to possess kupua (magic) powers. Cf. kalakupua. P&haku kupua, stones with mana, as to cure sickness or prolong life.

— K u p u a - l a l o - o - k a l a n l . Name of a star. Lit., demigod beneath the heavens, k u p u ' e u . 1. Rascal, scamp. 2 . Hero, wondrous one, so called because the hero of tales often as a youth was mischievous and fond of plundering taro or stealing chickens (as Kama-pua'a), a means of showing his exemption from the taboos of ordinary men. (Laie 475.) k O p u k u . 1. Clustered,_ thick, rank. Kupuku ka nahelehele i ka pilipa, the weeds grow rank along the fence. 2 . (Cap.) Name of a constellation of a cluster of seven stars. Cf. Makali'i, Pleiades. k u p u k u p t l . 1. Redup. of kupu, 1. Unu kupukupu (PH 31), overgrown stones. 2 . General name for ferns on a single stem, such as 3. 'A'ala kupukupu ka uka o Kane-hoa, fragrant with ferns is inland of Kane-hoa. 3 . Sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), a long, narrow fern with many lateral divisions; it was sometimes added to the hula altar to Laka, for knowledge to kupu (sprout). Also called '(¡kupukupu. k u p u k u p u - ' a l a . Rose geranium (.Pelargonium graveolens), flowers pink, leaves fragrant, used in leis with odorless flowers. Also called kupukupu-haole and laniuma. k u p u k u p u - h a o l e . Same as kupukupu-'ala. k u p u k u p u - l a u - l l ' i . Long, narrow fern (Nephrolepis duffii), with numerous short lateral divisions to the frond. Lit., small-leafed fern, k u p u k u p u - m a k a l i ' l . A fern (Cyclosorus boydiae, synonym Dryopteris cyatheoides var. depauperalurn). k u p u l a u . Spring season. Lit., leaf sprouting, k f l p u l e . Days set aside for prayer; to set aside time for prayer. (Kep. 23.) k u p u l i ' i . Variant of kupa-Wi, 2. k u p u n a . 1. Grandparent, ancestor, relative of the grandparent's generation, grandaunt, granduncle. h o ' o k u p u n a . T o take a person as a grandparent or grandaunt or granduncle because of affection; an adopted grandparent; to a c t as a grandparent. ( P P N tupuna, P M P (t)umpu.) 2 . Starting point, source; growing. k O p u n a . Plural of kupuna, 1. k u p u n a k & n e . Grandfather, granduncle, male ancestor.

k u p u n a k u a k o l u . Great-great-great-grand-

parent, grandaunt, granduncle. k u p u n a k u a l u a . Great-great-grandparent, great granduncle or grandaunt. k u p u n a w a h i n e . Grandmother, grandaunt, female ancestor. k O p u n l . T o stand around, surround. Cf. ka'apuni. k u p u o h l . T o flourish, grow vigorously, mature early, as an adolescent, k u p u o h l o h l . Redup. of kupuohi. k u p u p u ' u . Redup. of kupu'u. Mai kakou e kupupu'u, mai e 'ai, come and have potluck, come and eat. k O p u ' u . T a r o or sweet potatoes eaten with no preparation other than scraping or baking, i.e., without being pounded into poi or mixed with coconut cream; to take food from the oven and eat it informally; to have potluck. k u p u - w a o . An endemic genus of small trees (Broussaisia), with a few forms, in the saxifrage family. Cf. kanawao. Lit., mountain sprout, k u ' u . 1. T o release, let go; abandon, free, dismiss, give up, slacken; to pry out, as a line or cable; to lower, as a net; to settle, as earth; to diminish, as stream water; to fail to help (Kanl. 31.6). Fig., a t peace. Ku'u i ka 'uhane (Kin. 35.29), to give up the ghost [to die]. Ku'u ka hanu, breath is abandoned [to die], Ku'u ka nae, to get one's breath, to rest. Ku'u ka luhi, to rest; fig., to die. E ku'u ana ka i'a (For. 5:357), the flsh were being netted. Ke ku'u akea 'ana i na pa'ahao, parole of prisoners, h o ' o k u ' u . T o release, let go, dismiss, send

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—

k u

a w a y ; to expel, as f r o m school; t o discharge, as f r o m work; to free, permit, exempt, liberate; to settle, clear up; slope of a hill (rare). Himeni ho'oku'u, closing h y m n . Hihia ua ho'oku'u 'ia, case [of law) settled. Ho'oku'u kaua, let's stop [as a meeting]. Ho'oku'u 'ia max ka hopu 'ia 'ana, exemption f r o m arrest. 2. T y p e of net let down f r o m a canoe; gill net. 3. My, mine (this f o r m may replace either ka'u or ko'u; it is very f r e q u e n t l y used with ipo, lei). See G r a m . 3.4. k u ' u a . Passive/imperative of ku'u, 1. E Lono i ka po la'ila'i, ku'ua mai ka 'alaneo (Malo 183), O Lono of t h e clear night, release clarity, k u u a k i . Var. spelling of ku uwaki. K u ' u a n u . N a m e of a wind a t Kala-heo, Kauai. (For. 5:97.) k u ' u k l u o . See palapala ku'ukino. k u ' u k u l i . To drop t o one's knees; to bend t h e knees, as in genuflection, k u ' u k u ' u . 1. R e d u p . of ku'u, i ; to let down gradually, slack otf a little at a time. See ala ku'uku'u. h o ' o k u ' u k u ' l l . Causative/simulat i v e ; l e n i e n t , p e r m i s s i v e . Kl ho1 oku'uku'u, "slack k e y , " as on a guitar. Ua ho'oku'uku'u loa na makua i keiki, p a r e n t s are too lenient with children. 2. Small, short-legged spider, so called because it lowers itself (ku'u) on a single string fiber. Ke alanui a ke ku'uku'u. the p a t h of t h e spider fa name for t h e Equator]. h o * o k u ' u k u ' u . Same as above. 3. Boomerang, k f i ' u l a . Any stone god used t o a t t r a c t fish, whether t i n y or enormous, carved or natural, named for t h e god of fishermen; open altar near t h e sea for worship of fish gods; h u t where fish gear was k e p t with ku'ula images so t h a t gear might be impregnated with ku'ula mana, usually inland and very taboo. Lit., red Ku. k u ' u l a l a . Unrestrained, promiscuous, wanton (Iak. 5.5); free t o do as one wants, whether right or wrong, k u ' u l l a . Passive/imperative of ku'u, 1. Ku'ulia mai i ka 'upena, let t h e net down. k Q ' u l u k f i . Rough, high, as billows. 'Ino'ino ka moana uluulu ku'uluku, stormy t h e high seas, m o u n t i n g billows. k Q ' u l u l t i . Chilled, shivering with cold; shy, abashed. Ku'ululu ka hulu o ka manu i ka ua pehia mai ma ka pali (dance), f e a t h e r s of t h e bird are chilled by t h e rain beating down on t h e cliff. k u ' u n a . 1. Slope of a hill; let down, descended. Fig., traditional, hereditary. Ma'i ku'una, inherited disease. 2. Place where a net is set in t h e sea; t o let down a fish net. k u ' u 'Olelo. T o releasel a word, m a k o known. Rare. I hilahila au ia oe; i ku'u 'olelo 'ia mai nei au i ke kauwa (For. 5:61), I a m ashamed because of y o u ; I a m being publicized here as an outcast. k u ' u p a u . T o do with all one's m i g h t or strength, to go t h e limit; t o release all checks, inhibitions.

4

u a restraints. Ku'upau ka hui kinipopo peku, t h e football t e a m gave all. Ku'upau na nana i ke akea, ka'uka'u lua 'ole i ka lehul?hu (old drinking song), unrestrained public doings, unmindful of t h e crowd, k u ' u p a u l i a . P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of ku'upau. k u u w a k i . T o stand a watch; watchman, sentinel, guard. k u ' u w e l u . To hang loose, dangle, as a string; t o float in t h e wind, flutter, swing; t o fall, as ripened f r u i t ; fringed; tassel. Kihei ku'uwelu, fringed shawl. k u ' u w e l u w e l u . R e d u p . of ku'uxcelu. k u w - . Considerable spelling variation exists between kuw- and ku~, as kuwala, kuala; kuwelo, kuelo; kuicd, kuo. Both variants are listed in t h e dictionary, b u t t h e definition follows t h e preferred form, which is ku- unless t h e remainder of t h e entry exists as a separate word, or begins with a long vowel. See Gram. 2.1. k u w f t . 1. T o malre a din, talk loudly, resound. He Iro paha no ka 'i'iwi e kuwa nei, perhaps voices of 'i'iwi birds making a din. 2. P r a y e r for special events, as trimming grass f r o m over t h e door of a grass house, or completion of a new canoe or net. (Malo 184.) k f i w a h o . Outside, outer, foreign. Niihou kuwaho, foreign news. h o ' o k Q w a h o . To stay or keep on t h e outside, k u w a l . Var. spelling of kuai. k u w S k u w a . Redup. of kuwa. k u w a l a , k u a l a . 1. Somersault; to fall backwards; to t u r n over and over or upside down; to t u r n somersaults; t o toss with palm of hand up. Kuuala po'o1 to somersault. 2, Interest, usury. He 'umi kala ka uku kuwala, the interest was ten dollars. 3. Cooked, unpounded t a r o (same as kalo pa'a, ne'u). 4. P u r e white motherof-pearl shell, much prized because of its rarity, as used for fishhooks or lures, k u w a l a ' a n o h u i . C o m p o u n d interest, k u w a l a h o ' € m l . Discount on interest, k u w a l a h o ' o h u l . C o m p o u n d interest, k u w a l a p a ' a . Same as kuwala, 3. k u w a l a p a h l . Mumble-the-peg. k l i w a l a w a l a . R e d u p . of kuwala; t o p s y - t u r v y . k Q w a l u w a i u . Much, m a n y . ( K L line 541.) Cf. makawalu, olowalu. k u w e l o . Var. spelling of kuelo. k f i w e l u . 1. Woody s h r u b with a long tail-like inflorescence resembling cockscomb, perhaps an a m a r a n t h . 2. Same as limu-loloa, 2. k Q w i l l . 1. T o move restlessly, embrace, pet, caress; to spin in a dance. Lit., interwoven state. 2« I m p l e m e n t for piercing an ivory o r n a m e n t . k Q w i l i w i l l . R e d u p . of kuwili, 1. k G w 6 , kGO. T o cry loudly, as with joy or pain; to howl, as a dog; t o roar, as a lion.

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In some tcords 1 and n are used interchangeably. 1- might be found under n-. la. X. There, then, that (after directionals and major words; see Gram. 4.5). XJa kanakci la, that afore-mentioned person. Hele maila ke ali'i, the chief then came. Ke 'ai la 'oia, he is eating there. 2 . Particle expressing doubt, uncertainty. C f . G r a m . 4.5. Pehea la! H o w , I d o n ' t k n o w ! 1&. 1. Sun, sun heat; sunny. Kau ka la i ka lolo: see lolo, brain, h o ' o l i i . T o sun, p u t o u t in the sunlight. 2 . Day. Keia la, t o d a y . Lapule, Sund a y . Ka la i a la hou ai ka Ilaku, the d a y the L o r d rose; Easter. Po'e Ho'ano o na La Hope Nei, L a t t e r - D a y Saints; lit., saint people of these last days. La kakou i keia la, we have much sun t o d a y . 3. A sail. ( P P N la,_ P \ 1 P layaR.) 4. Fin. Kua la, dorsal fin. C f . lalakea. 5. Each of t w o cross sticks holding corners of the d i p net called *upena 'aki'iki'i. 6. T h e letter " 1 . " 7. Sixth note on the musical scale, la. Eng. 1&-. 1. Short f o r lau, 1, with k- of the following word o m i t t e d : la'alo f o r lau kalo, taro leaf; la'i f o r lau kl, ti leaf; Wo f o r lau ko, sugar-cane leaf. Also la'ie for lau He. lakl for lau kl. 2. Short f o r lau, S. C f . la'a, la'iki, lalahi, lanihinihi. 3. T h i r d person, in the dual and plural pronouns only, laua and lakou. - l f t . 1. T h e r e tfar from_ addressee or speaker; in demonstratives and pe-words, as keia, pela; cf. Gram. 3.3). 2. ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o i a . (a) Parsi-

A rare word not listed under

monious, miserly. ( A P . ) (to) Gray t a p a ; tapa in general. Kauai. (AP.) l a ' a . 1. Sacred, holy, d e v o t e d , consecrated, set apart f o r sacred purposes, dedicated. Mea la'a, consecrated or holy one. Lahui la'a, consecrated nation, h o ' o l a ' a . T o consecrate, dedicate, hallow. Ka ho'ola'a 'ana, the consecration, dedication. 2. Cursed, defiled ( K a n l . 22.9), bound under an oath, d o o m e d t o death or destruction ( F o r . 4; 185), in great trouble. E malama ho'i 'oukou ia 'oukou iho i na mea i la'a, o la'a 'oukou i ko 'oukou lawe 'ana i na mea la'a, a ho'olilo 'oukou i_ka Iseraela i mea la'a, a ho'opilikiayho'i id lakou (los. 6.18), protect yourselves f r o m accursed things, lest y e m a k e yourselves accursed, when y e take of the accursed thing, and make of the Israelites a cursed thing, and indeed cause t h e m trouble. A la'a, a la'a la, so you did get in trouble, hurt, etc. A la'a ko ku i ke a'u, so you did get jabbed by a swordfish (get into trouble]. A la'a ko ha'ule la, there you did fall. 3. T i m e , season (perhaps short f o r la'au and a missionary introduction). Cf. la'a make, la'a ua, la'a 'ula, la'a ulu. 4. Same as palai-'ula, a fern. 5. T o propag a t e plants b y inarching. ( A P . ) C f . kakiwi. 6. Also, together with, so, besides, such as, like. E la'a me keia, besides this, like this, f o r instance.

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—

1a ' a

thus, such as this. 'O ka launa nut aku i ka wahine 'e, e la'a me ka wahine i ke kane 'e, much association with a different woman, as well as the woman with a different man. la'S. Width, breadth, as of cloth. Cf. laula. la'ae'ola. Past days of youth, strength, beauty, prosperity. I na la'ae'oia, ua hele wale 'ia no kiia kai e a'u, in the good, long-ago days, the sea was often traveled by me. la 'aha'alna. Feast day. - l a ' a hale. (With ho'o-) ho'ola'a hale. Dedication of a house; to dedicate a house, la'ahla. Passive/imperative of la'a, 1, I. 'A'ohe kani leo o na manu o Ola'a, ua la'ahia au me ke kuhihewa (song), the voices of the Ola'a birds sing no more, I am cursed by illusion [or: I have held myself apart for an illusion]. La 'Al PelehQ. Thanksgiving Day. Rare. Lit., turkey-eating day. la'a kea. Sacred light, sacred things of day, as sunshine, knowledge, happiness. Lit., light sacredness. Cf. la'a uli. E nana 'ia ka pulapula i ka la'a kea i ka la'a uli, may the descendants be cared for in times of light and times of misfortune. 'O Fele ia ali'i o Hawai'i, he ali'i no la'a uli, no la'a kea (prayer), Pele is a chiefess of Hawaii, chiefess of sacred darkness and of sacred light. - l a ' a l a ' a . (With ho'o) ho'ola'ala'a. Var. of ho'ola'au. See la'au. Rare. la'aia'au. Small sticks, twigs, herbs, shrubs, bush (Puk. 3.2). Pa la'aia'au, hedge, la'alo. Mature taro tops too tough to eat, and good only for wrapping (contraction of lau kalo, taro leaf). la'aloa. 1. Varieties of small, narrow-bodied kitchen roaches including the brown-banded cockroach (Supella supellectilium) and the German cockroach (Blatella germanica or Symploce hospes). Perhaps named for Ola'a, Hawaii. 2. Var. of ola'aloa, a variety of hard taro. L a ' a i a ' a u . Name of a legendary people who were said to worship images and not gods, in the time of Wakea or of Hawai'i-loa. (For. 6:266, 271.) Also Lalalu'au. la'a make. Season when plants die or grow slowly, like autumn in cooler climates. Lit., dead season, la'amta. Calaba,sh tree (Crescentia cujete), introduced from tropical America, fruit used for hula rattle with ali'ipoe seeds, la anoano. Person presiding over the game of kilu. Lit., quiet day. (Malo 217, Emerson note.) la'au. 1. Tree, plant, wood, timber, forest, stick, thicket, club; blow of a club; strength, rigidness, hardness; male erection; to have formed mature wood, as of a seedling; wooden, woody: stiff, as wood. Kumula'au, tree. Ua hele ke kino a la'au, the body is stiff in rigor mortis, ho'ola'au. T o form mature wood, as of a shrub; to gather in trees, as birds. ( P P N ra'akau, P M P kahiw.) 2. Medicine; medical. 3. Lump or knot in the flesh, as eased by the rubbing kahi massage; to feel such a knot or stiffness; cramp; to have a cramp. 4. Picture frame. 5. General name for canoe endpiece. See la'au hope, la'au ihu. - l a ' a u . (With ho'o-) ho'ola'au. T o insist, urge persistently; continuously, persistently, endlessly. Ho'ola'au ka 'ai 'ana a ka i'a, the fish ate ceaselessly, la'a ua. Rainy season. la'au-'alla. Castor-oil plant; Lit., oil plant. Also called koll, pa'aila. la'au 'ala. Fragrant wood, especially sandalwood. la'au ana. Yardstick, ruler, surveying rod, measuring stick, la'au hamo. Salve, ointment. Lit., rubbing medicine. la'au-hanG. 1. Asthma medicine. 2. Jimson weed (Datura stramonium), a cosmopolitan

— weed,

related

to

nanS-honua

(D.

Candida),

a

coarse annual herb with white trumpet-shaped flowers two to four inches long and spiny fruits about two inches long. The plant is strongly narcotic and poisonous. A drug called stramonium, extracted from dried leaves and flowering tops, is used to treat asthma. Also called klka-

nia,

kikania-haole.

(Neal

601.)

la'au hlhi. Vine. la'au-ho'ohlamoe. Drug, narcotic, medicine to cause sleep, chloroform, la'au ho'oka'a. Rolling pin, any wooden roller, la'au ho'olua'I. Same as la'au ho'opi'i. la'au ho'omake mO. Insecticide. Lit., medicine to kill insects, la'au ho'omalule kino. Narcotic, drug. Lit., medicine to relax the body, la'au ho'omoe. Same as la'au-ho'ohiamoe. la'au ho'onaha. Cathartic medicine, la'au ho'onoenoe. Drug, as opium. Lit., befogging plant, la'au ho'opa. Medicine to prevent fecundation, la'au ho'opi'i. Emetic. Lit., medicine to make come up. la'au ho'opi'lpl'i. Same sis la'au ho'opi'i. la'au ho'owall 'al. Implement for mixing poi o r poi

palaoa.

la'au hope. After endpiece of a canoe, la'au hfi. Any gum-producing tree or plant, as candlenut, spruce, la'au Ihu. Bow endpiece of a canoe, la'au lkl 'al 'la. Edible herb. Cf. Roma 14.2. Lit., small oaten plant. la'au-ka'a. Fir tree (Zek. 11.2); any kind of conifer; elm (Hos. 4.13). la'au kaha. Boom of a vessel. Lit., turning stick, la'au kahea. A type of faith healing of broken or crushed bones or sprains. Lit., calling medicine. Ia'au-kalakala. Lantana. Lit., thorny plant. la'au Kaltklmaka. Christmas tree. la'au kapalapala. Bamboo stamp for marking tapas. Lit., printing stick, la'au ke'a. "Wooden cross or crucifix; bar to hold a gate shut, brace, la'au kl. Bar to hold a gate shut. Cf. ki, key. la'au kla. Stick for snaring birds. Cf, kia manu. la'au kl'l. Easel. la'au ku. House post, post, doorpost; mast. Rare. Cf. pou. Lit., standing stick, la'au ku'l. Ladder, tree with crosspieces used as a ladder ( P H 174). Lit., joined wood, la'au ku'l kope. Coffee huller. la'au ku'l palu. Wooden palu pestle. La'au-Kii-kahl. Eighteenth day of the lunar month. (Malo 35.) L a ' a u - K u - l u a . Nineteenth day of the lunar month. (Malo 35.) la'au kflpe'e. Stocks, wooden fetters. Lit., bracelet sticks. la'a 'ula. Autumn. Lit., red time [of leaves], la'au lalo. Boom of a vessel. Cf. la'au ku. Lit., down stick. la'au lapa'au. Medicine. Lit., curing medicine, la'a uli. Sacred or doomed darkness, ignorance, gloom, the unknown, misfortune. Cf. la'a kea. la'au-loke (rose). Rosewood, la'a ulu. Spring, time of growth. (Kep. 89.) la'au maka'l. Policeman's club, la'au make. Poison, lft'au moe. Same as la'au ho'ohiamoe. la'au moeka. Wooden bedstead, la'au 'Ohlklhlkl nlho. Toothpick. Lit., stick to pick teeth.

— 174 —

—

l a h o i i l e

l & ' a u ' o ' o l . Bramble, briar, thorny tree,

l a ' a u paepae. Boom of a vessel, l&'au p a h e ' e . See pahe'e, dart-throwing,

l&'au pahupahu. Billiard cue. Lit., billiard stick. l & ' a u p a ' l klnipOpft. Ball bat, tennis racket, ping-pong paddle; any land of paddle for slapping a ball. Lit., stick for beating ball,

la'au p&lau. War club,

l & ' a u p a l u p a l u . Herbs, tender vegetables. L & ' a u - p a u . T w e n t i e t h day of the lunar month. (Malo 35.) l & ' a u p l ' l . Var. of la'au ho'opi'i. l & ' a u p i l l . N a m e of a game. Lit., betting stick, - l a ' a w a ' a . (With ho'o• ) h o ' o l a ' a w a ' a . Blessing of a canoe launching; to dedicate a canoe, l a e . 1. Forehead, brow. ( P P N la'e, PMP \dD]aqay.) 2 . Cape, point, promontory. 3 . Wisdom; mental or emotional qualities. Cf.

lae o'o, lae pa'a, lae 'ula. lio'olae. To pretend

to be wise; to act smart. 4 . A term referring t o kauwa, outcasts, who had dots tattooed on their foreheads. Cf. lae kiko, lae mamo, lae pa'a, lae puni. l a ' e . S a m e as la'ela'e, 1\ pure in sentiment (Hal. 19.8). Cf. kala'e. h o ' o l a ' e . T o clear up, brighten. l a ' e h a n a . Syllables repeated in c h a n t s at ends of verses to mark time and for gay effect, similar to ehehene. l a e - h a o - k e l a . Unicorn, rhinoceros, Lit., brow with protruding horn, l a e - h l n a . S a m e as noio, a tern. Lit., white brow,

lae honua. To bow low, as the head. Lit.,

earthward forehead, l a e k i k o . Kauwa, outcast, with a dot tattooed on the forehead. Lit., dotted forehead, l a e k o l o a . T y p e of hard, red stone, as used for adzes. Also called humu'ula. l a ' e l a ' e . 1. Bright, shiny, clear, serene, calm, >leasant. Ho'oku'u la'ela'e, set a t liberty, freed as after a verdict of " n o t guilty"], h o ' o a ' e l a ' e . Redup. of ho'ola'e. 2 . A variety of sweet potato. ( I I P 142.) 3 . (Cap.) S a m e of a star. l a e l a l a e . Syllables repeated in songs a t ends of verses to mark time and for gay effect, similar to la'ehana. l&'ele. Old leaf, ready to fall or beginning to dry (a contraction of lau 'elemakule. old leaf). Fig., aged; old age. Mai ka liko a ka la'ele, from leaf bud to old leaf, l a e l o a . A kind of wine-red cotton cloth. Lit., long brow. l a e l u a . Prominent, as a ridge. Lit., double brow, l a e m a m o . Mamo (bird) brow, a derisive name for kauwa, outcasts, perhaps because the mamo, like some kauwa, has a black mark on its brow (the yellow feathers of the mamo were prized, not the black), l a e - n i h i . 1 . N a m e applied to various highheaded labroid fishes or the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius', this name may be qualified b y the terms 'ele'ele, kea, nene, pu-kea. Lit., sharp forehead. 2 . (Cap.) N a m e of the sister of the legendary hero, Hale-mano; she often assumed the shape of t h e fish of the same name. (For. 5 : 2 2 8 - 2 6 3 . ) l a e o ' o . An expert. Lit., mature brow. Cf. lae 'ula. l a e p a ' a . 1. Hard-headed, obstinate, closed in mind and hostile to new ideas. Lit., hard brow. 2 . T e r m for kauwa, outcast. Lit., marked forehead, probably referring to tattoo marks on forehead.

[

l a e p u n l . T e r m for kauwa, outcast, l a e p u ' u . Bulging forehead, l a e ' u l a . A well-trained, clever person; expert. Lit., red brow [red being t h e sacred color], Cf. lae o'o.

—

l a b a . 1. Extended, spread out, broad, published, circulated, distributed, promulgated, advertised, broadcast; increased, numerous. Mea laha 'ole, something rare, choice. Ua laha nui ka pa-nini ma Hawai'i, t h e cactus grows f a r and wide in Hawaii, h o ' o l a h a . T o spread abroad, publish, advertise, broadcast, circulate; to increase, propagatej advertisement, heralded report. Ho'olaha ku'ai, notice of sale. Ho'olaha mana'o'i'o, propagation of the faith. ( P P N lafa, P M P Da[m]paR.) 2 . Gourd calabash painted with patterns. ( H P 208.) 3 . A kind of y a m with white flesh under t h e skin ( H P 168), contrasting with those with purple-red flesh under t h e skin t h a t were liked for medicine, l & h a l . 1. T o poise aloft, as a kite. 2 . R a r e var. of lehei, lekei, to leap, l a b a l n a . 1. A variety of sugar cane, usually free tasseling, heavy stooling, and with rather semierect to recumbent growth; large, long heavy tops. ( H P 222.) 2 . A variety or sweet potato. ( H P 142.) 3 . Poising; leaping. See lahai, 1, l a b a l a h a . Redup. of laha, 1; also said of a hen covering her chickens with her wings. Umauma lahalaha, broad chest, h o ' o l a h a l a h a . Redup. of ho'olaha. Lele ho'olahalaha, to soar in the air with outspread wings; to hover without perceptible wing movement, l a h a l a h a l . Redup. of lahai, l, I. l & h a l a h a l n a . Redup. of lahaina, leaping, l a h a l a h a w a l . Broad puddle, pool, l a h a l a w a l . Slippery, muddy. (AP.) l a h a l l l e . 1. Dark navy blue calico cloth with small white prints or polka dots. Also called lahoiile, shiny scrotum. 2 . A variety of sweet potato.

1& liana. Workday.

l a h & n a u . B i r t h d a y . Hau'oii Id liiinau, happy birthday. l a h a ' o l e . Rare, choice, unique; not spread, not common, l a h e . R a r e var. of nahe, soft. I & h e a . Vile-smelling; stench; one of unsavory reputation. Ku ka lahea, the stench rises, l a h l . 1. Thin, frail, delicate, h o ' o l a h l . T o cause thinness, frailty; thin, frail. 2 . A variety of sugar cane; t h e yellow mutation of laukona, otherwise same as laukona without variegations and stripes and more robust in growth. Also called 'uala-lehu. 3 . A variety of banana, l a h l - k a h a k a h a - ' & k a l a . A variety of sugar cane; a pink or light red, striped mutation of lahi, S, and otherwise same as lahi. ( H P 223.) Lit., pink-striped lahi. I& h l k l . Eastern sun, rising sun; eastern. Mai ka la hiki a ka la kau, from sunrise to sunset [a whole day or whole life span], Ka la hiki ola, the life-bringing sun. l a h l l a h i . 1 . Redup. of lahi. 1; weak, as coffee. Kou papalina lahilahi (song), your dainty cheeks. 2 . Single-flowering, as a hibiscus, l a h o . 1 . Scrotum; with qualifiers, a term of abuse. Cf. ho'olaholaho, laho kole, laho o'o, laho paka, laho 'ula. 2 . Male, as pipi laho, bull; pua'a laho, boar. Fig., promiscuous male.

La Ho'aiohaloha. Thanksgiving Day. Lit., day for expression of affection, l a h o ' a n o . Holy day, day of worship, l a h o e . 1 . Obs. var. of lahai. 2 . Cactus. Obs.

laho he'e. Hernia.

l a h o k o l e . R a w scrotum (an insulting reference to poverty), l a h o k f l . Promiscuous male, l a h o l a h o . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l a h o l a h o . Miserly; to hoard. l a h o l e n a . Lazy, indolent, idling. Cf. lena, U. He aha ka 'oukou e laholena net? W h y are you idling?

lahoiile. See lahalile.

— 175 —

—

l a h o l i o

I a ' l - o - K o n a . 1. A variety of sweet potato. Lit., calm of Kona. 2 . Design on a t a p a beater. l & ' I - p a l a . A bright-yellow reef flsh (Zebrasoma flavescens). Lit., yellow ti leaf. Also called lau'ipala, lau-kl-pala. l a l p i l a . Libel; t o libel. Eng. l a k a . 1. T a m e , domesticated, gentle; attracted to, fond of; t o t a m e , domesticate, a t t r a c t . Nui ka laka o kHa keiki i ke kupuna, this child is so fond of t h e g r a n d p a r e n t . E Laka e . . . e laka i ka leo, e laka i ka loa'a, e laka i ka waiwai (UL 34), O Laka, a t t r a c t t h e voice, a t t r a c t profit, a t t r a c t wealth. Mai 'ena i ke kanaka i laka aku, d o n ' t shy away f r o m a person attracted [to you], h o ' o l a k a . T o t a m e , domesticate; to treat with kindness, as a child or animal, so as t o familiarize with one. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of the hula goddess. (Chapter 2, U L ; M a l o 82.) 3. (Cap.) N a m e of a legendary hero and canoe god. (Malo 133.) 4. Lock; t o lock. Eng. 5. Lark. Eng. l a k a . Lascar. Eng.

l a h o l l o . 1. R u b b e r ; automobile tire; elastic, rubbery. Lit., horse scrotum. Laholio ho'opa'a, rubber band. 2. I n d i a r u b b e r (Ficus elastica). l a h o n u a . Short for ola honua. l a h o ' o k a h a k a h a . Holiday on which everyone dresses up, enjoys sports, parties. Lit., display day.

La Ho'omalka'l. Thanksgiving Day. Lit., day

to bless. l a h o ' o m a l o l o . Day of preparation ( M a t . 27.62); d a y before t h e t a b o o day, hence S a t u r d a y . Obs.

la ho'omana'o. Day of commemoration, an-

niversay day. l a h o o ' o . M a t u r e scrotum, said of a male who reaches m a t u r i t y , l a h o p a k a . Crinkled s c r o t u m (implication t h a t there has been excessive drinking of k a v a ) . l a h o - p l p l . E g g p l a n t (Solanum melongena). l a h o pipl< Bull scrotum, as eaten, l a h o p O k a ' o k a ' o . Dry scrotum (an insult similar t o laho kole). l a h o ' i l i a . Red scrotum (an insult similar to laho kole). l a h u i . 1. Nation, race, tribe, people, nationality; great c o m p a n y of people; species, as of animal or fish; national, racial. Lahui kaua, a warring people; a large c o m p a n y of soldiers (obs.). Aoao Lepupalika lahui, national Republican P a r t y . h o ' o l a h u l . To f o r m a nation, race, etc. 2. To assemble, gather together. 3. T o prohibit, forbid, lay a taboo, proclaim a law. Lahui 'ia ka wala'au e Pele, loud talk was prohibited by Pele. h o ' o l a h u l . To cause to be consecrated; l atoh utaboo. i h u l pO. United nation. No lahui hui pu 'ia, united nations. IS h u l k a l a . Day of purification ceremonies. Cf. huikala. l a h u i k a n a k a . Nation, people, tribe, multitude, l a t . 1, N a m e applied to t h e species of Scomberoides, flsh. 2. Also r a l . Kye. Eng. l a ' l . Calm, stillness, quiet, as of sea, sky, wind; peace, c o n t e n t m e n t ; quiet, silent, peaceful, contented. Cf. la'e. Pd laLi, 'ihi'ihi e, silent night, holy, h o ' o l a ' l . T o cause to be still; to poise aloft, as a bird; to quiet, as a m o b ; to cease talking (For. 5:299); calm; peaceful, quiet. 1&'I. Ti leaf (contraction of lau ki). l a ' i e . Short for lau 'ie, 'ie vine leaf, l a l k l , r a l s l . Rice (Oryza sativa). Eng. l a ' l k l . Tight, as a dress; painfully stutYed, as t h e stomach a f t e r overeating; narrow, as a g a t e opening (contraction of la'd, wide, and iki, small). Lima la'iki, long, narrow sleeve, l a l k l n l . License. Eng. Wahine laikini, licensed prostitute.

l a k a h e k e . Loghead. Eng.

l a k a l a k a . R e d u p . of laka. h o ' o l a k a l a k a . Redup. of ho'olaka. l a k a n a . 1. L a n t a n a (Lantana camara), a thorny tropical American bush with variegated flower heads, yellow, orange, red, and pink. Eng. Also called mikinolia-hihiu, mikinolia-hohono. 2. (Cap.) Also L a d a n a . London. Eng.

La K a p a k i . Sabbath Day.

l a k a u . Setting sun. See la hiki. LA K a u P u a . Decoration Day. Lit., clay t o place flowers, l a k e a . Fair, white, of complexion. Rare. l a k e a . W h i t e fln.

lake'e. Var. of lape'e.

l a k e k e . J a c k e t , blouse. Eng. l a k l . L u c k ; lucky. Eng. l a k l . 1. Ti leaf (short for lau ki). 2. Stunted, as of plants t h a t have m a t u r e d . Obs. Laki mai ko laua ulu 'ana (Kep. 93), their growth was s t u n t e d [of plants],

laklka, radlka. Radix. Eng. laklke, latlke. Lattice. Eng. laklkQ, latltu. Latitude. Eng. L a k l n a , L a t l n a . Latin. L a t i n or scientific name,

(Eng.)

Inoa

Lakina,

lakio, ratio. Ratio. Eng.

l a k l o l i k e . Proportion, equal ratio,

lakio like 'ano hul. Compound proportion, laklo like hull hope. Indirect-inverse or reciprocal proportion,

laklo like kaukahl. Simple proportion or ratio, laklo like kikpono. Direct proportion, equal ratio.

l a k o . Supply, provisions; wealth; well-supplied, well-furnished, well-equippetl; rich, prosperous, h o ' o l a k o . To supply, provide, furnish, enrich, l a k o . Sugar-cane leaf (same as la'd, c o n t r a c t i o n of lau ko). l a k o h a l e . F u r n i t u r e and fixtures for a house. Same as pono hale.

lalklnl hahai holoholona. Hunting license,

l a l k l n l k a ' a . Auto or vehicle license, l a l k l n l k i p f l . Firearms license, l a ' l k f l . G r e a t calm, quiet, peace, serenity, l a l l a . There. Cf. Gram. 2.3. (Follows particles with varying meanings: A laila, then. I laila, there, a t t h a t place. Ko laila, of t h a t place, local. He 'olu'olu ko laila po'e, t h e people of t h a t locality are kind. Malaila, there. Mai laila, f r o m there, thence. No laila, therefore, for t h a t reason, hence; belonging to t h a t place. O laila, of t h a t place. lA'ohe a'u mea makemake o laila, there is nothing I w a n t there.) l a ' l l a ' l . 1. R e d u p . of la'i\ light-hearted. 2. A variety of sweet potato, l a l n a . 1. Hives, urticaria. 2. Line. Eng. 3. C a n e trash (Eng. rind), bagasse, l a l n a k a u l a w a h a . Reins, lines. Lit., bridle (rope m o u t h ) lines, l a i n a k i n l . Same as 'ainakini, n a v y blue cloth,

lako kakau. Stationery supplies, lako ke'ena. Office supplies, lako kula. 1. School supplies. 2. Also lako gula.

Jewelry, especially gold, l a k o l a k o . R a r e r e d u p . of lako. h o ' o l a k o l a k o . R e d u p . of ho'olako. l a k o u . They, t h e m (more t h a n two). Ka lakou, their (a-form). Ko lakou, their (o-form). l a k u i a l a . Day of celebration in honor of a chief. 06s.

lakuna, rakuna. Raccoon. Eng.

l a l a . 1. Diagonal, slanting, oblique; d i a g o n a l surfing or surf. Pa lala, t o blow at a n angle, of t h e wind. He'e ana i ka lala la, ho'i ana i ka muku (song for K a l a k a u a ) , surf out diagonally.

lalna m o k u a h l . Steamship line.

—

—

176

—

—

1 a m a 1 a in a

come back on the crest. (Thrum's Annual, 1896, page 109, says that the lala is the seaward side of a wave building up to break: a third interpretation is that lala is a wave to the right, and muku a wave to the left.) h o ' o l a l a . To turn aside. 2 . To warm, as over a fire; to warm oneself by a fire; to bask in the sun; to cook over a fire. Intrans. Cf. 'olala, 2. ( P P N rara, P M P da[n]dang.) h o ' o l a l a . T o heat, as by holding over a fire; to warm. Trans. 3 . Bright, shiny. ( P P N lain, P M P daDang.) 4 . Thin. Also 'olala. 6. Cap visor. 6. A small bait fish (no data). 7 . To straighten. 1&1&. 1. Branch, limb, bough; timber, as of outrigger boom or float; to branch out, form branches, diverge. Lala 'ole, without branches; fig., a childless person. Lala ola, person with offspring; lit., living branch, ho'ol&lft. T o cause to branch out, as by topping; to branch out: to lay out land areas; to mark with lines; to plan, make plans or projects. ( P P N ra'a, P M P [dDJaqan.) 2 . Member, as of a society. 3 . Term in fractions. 4 . Slip, as of hibiscus. Also called lala ho'ouln. 5 . Sweet potato produced on a branch vine. 6 . Barb or hook, as of bone or coconut shell, on a mother-of-pearl lure; bone point of a composite hook, l & l a ' a u . Rotten, as of eggs; disturbed, addled. Obs. l S l a h a . Broad. Lit., broad surface, l a l a h a l . Same as lahalahai. l & l a h a l a h a . To rise and swell, of surf before it breaks; broad, as a surface, l a l a h l . Thin, delicate. Lit., thin surface, l a l a h i w a . Dark, as of a cloud. l a l a h O . Convex; swelling; increasing in size; erect, as male organ, h o ' o l a l a l l f l . To cause to swell. l a l a h u a . Passive/imperative of lalahu. l a l a ' l . Redup. of la'i. 'Auhea wale 'oe, e ke anuenue e lala'i maila i Hale-ola (chant), hearken to mo, O rainbow, so serene at Hale,-ola. I&l&kea. Reef shark or Hawaiian dogfish; four to six feet long, gray, with lighter colored fins: considered harmless. Lit., white fins. L a l a k o ' a . Rarotonga; Rarotonjian. liU&ko'a. With strong limbs. Lit., coral branch, l a l a k l l k l l i . Many. Lalakukui akula ka mand o lalo (For. 4:297), many sharks were below, l a l a l a . T o sun; sunny. He mau mo'o e lalala ana i ka la, several lizards basking in the sun. L & l a l Q ' a u . Same as La'alu'au. (Kep. 19.) l a i a m a . 1. Daring, fearless, clever, as of a climber of precipices or trees. 2 . To pilfer, meddle. He keu ka lalama o ka lima, how the hands pilfer, meddle. l a l a n a . 1. Spider. Also called lanalana, nananana. 2 . Warming, as at a fire, Cf. lala, warm, l a l a n l . 1. Row, rank, line; verse of poetry. Hele lalani, to march in line. h o ' o l & I a i l l . To place in rows. 2. (Cap.) A name for the Milky Way (Kep. 81), and also of a single star. Cf. Nalalani-a-pili-lua. l a l a ' o . Kedup. of la'o, 1. Lala'o ka 'ikena i ka manu (song), see the bird all the time, as though in the eye. - l a l a ' O . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l a l a ' 0 . T o insist on accompanying. Obs. Ka'u po'e mo'opuna he ho'olala'd i ka hele me a'u, my grandchildren insist on going with me. l a l a p a . Same as lapalapa, 1, 2. l a l a u . Mistake, blunder, going astray; to go astray, wander, blunder, err, have sexual affairs. Cf. maka lalau. Lalau ka 'olelo, to talk nonsense or wander in talking. He lalau! Nonsense! O ia hele lalau wale iho no e hele lalau ax! Just wandering aimlessly and to no purpose! h o ' o l a l a u . T o cause to wander, to lead astray; to dillydally, kill time: to digress or wander in speech, perhaps to avoid a subject; to deceive, as in actions to concei I w h i t one is about; to

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divert, as a child from the matter he is crying about. l&lau. T o seize, take hold of, reach out for. h o ' o l&lau. T o cause to seize, etc. l & l a u a h l . Gray, stormy-looking, smoke-colored. Makehcwa ia kaua ke hele, ke lalauahi maila o uka, it would be a mistake for us to go, it's threatening gray inland,

lalau hewa. To wander in error; to sin.

l&l&wai. Prosperous, successful, well-to-do. l a l a w e . Redup. of lawe, to carry; thrilling, transported with emotion; to itch. Ka lalawe ninihi launa 'ole (song), a quiet transport unsurpassed [love], h o ' o l a l a w e . T o produce thrills, itching, l a l e . 1. T o hasten, hurry, push on; to encourage, urge on, stir up to action, h o ' o l a l e . T o hasten, incite, hurry; to urge, suggest strongly. Ua ho'olale mai 'oia ia'u e hele i Hilo, he suggested that I go to Hilo. 2 . Legendary bird mentioned in old tales and songs as a sweet singer, l&lea. Buoy, beacon; prominent object or landmark ashore to steer by. (AP.) Cf. maka, marker. lftlel. Cluster, bunch, as of bananas; assembled together, as flowers in a lei. Obs. h o ' o l i l l e l . To gather together, as flowers. l a l e l a l e . Redup. of lale. l i o ' o l a l e l a l e . Redup. of ho'olale; to inspire, l a l l . Greasy, as pork f a t ; slippery and shiny, glittering, sparkling, bright; sticky. Cf. ali, hulali. Lali ka 'Hi i ka hou, skin sticky with perspiration, h o ' o t a l l . T o cause greasiness, glitter. l a l l ' i . Detailed; to do detailed work, attend to small details, l a l i l a l l . Kedup. of lali. Lalilali 'ole ka 'Hi o ke akamai ( U L 36), the skin of tho skilled [surfrider] is not slippery [with water], l a l o . 1. Down, downward, low, lower, under, beneath; depths, lowness (frequently preceded by i or ma, sometimes joined as one word). I lalo, malalo, below, underneath. Ko lalo, of or belonging to below; the people from below. Mai lalo, from below. No lalo, from below, belonging to a lower place. Lalo loa, far down, below. Lalo lilo. very far below. 2 . Leeward, southern. ( P P N lalo, P M P Dalem.) l a l o l a l o . Of humble origin, lowly. (Malo 56.) l a l o - l o a . A variety of sweet potato. (HP 142.) Lit., far down, l a l u , I a r u . Cuckoo. (Kanl. 14.15.) L& LG l ' u a . Decoration Day. Lit., day to scatter flowers. Cf. La Kau Pua. l a m a . 1. AH endemic kinds of ebony (Diospyros, synonym Maba), hardwood trees with small flowers and fruits. 2 . Torch, light, lamp. Lama wood was used in medicine and placed in hula altars because its name suggested enlightenment; huts were built of lama wood in a single day during daylight (lama) hours, and the sick were placed inside them for curing. ( P P N rama, P M P ( d a m a R . ) 3 . Also r a m a . R u m ; any intoxicating drink. Eng. He kanaka inu lama, a person fond of drinking; a drinker or heavy drinker. l a m a h o ' o h u l h u l ' l a . Mixed alcoholic drink, cocktail, highball. Lit., mixed rum. l a m a k a k a n a k a . Holiday; festive day on which people gathered for parties and celebrations. Lit., day of people's faces. l a m a k u . Large torch, formerly several feet tall, with the light coming from burning kukui nuts strung on a coconut midrib and wrapped in dried ti leaves and placed at the tips of bamboo handles; signal fires; lantern (Lunk. 7.16); sparks, as of a torch (Isa. 50.11). Lamaku o ka na'auao, torch of wisdom [said of great thinkers], l a m a l a m a . 1. Torch fishing; torch; to go torch fisliing. 2 . Fair-complexioned; bright-looking; animated; vivacious. Lamalama ka 'ili, to glow with health.

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l a m a

p a ' i p a ' i

l a m a p a ' l p a ' l ' i a . Same as lama ho'ohuihui 'ia. Lit., mixed rum. l a m l e , l a m i a . Ramie, an introduced p l a n t (Boehmeria nivea), related to t h e mamaki, and yielding a strong fiber used for rope, paper, cloth. (Neal 272.) Eng. Kana. 1. Floating, b u o y a n t ; moored; t o lie a t anchor, as a fishing canoe (For. 4:295); calm, still, as water. Cf. mana'olana. Lana ke koko, b u o y a n t blood [of youth]. Lana ka manu'o, t h o u g h t f u l , hopeful; t o want. Ina e ma'i kekahi kanaka, lana kona mana'o i ke kauka, when a person is sick, he w a n t s a doctor. Lana malie iho holi ka mana'o me ka nani lei 'awapuhi (song), thoughts of t h e beauty of t h e ginger lei are serene, h o ' o l a n a . T o cause to float, launch; to right a canoe. Fig., to launch a project. Ho'olana i ka wai ke ola, life barely surviving. 2. Lowest floor of t h e oracle tower where offerings were placed. (Malo 176.) Cf. lananu'u, mamao, nu'u. 3. T o be aware of noises a6 one wakes. Lana ka hiamoe, awakening f r o m sleep. 4. Frog, - l a n a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l a n a . (a) Cheerful, unworrying, hopeful; to cheer up. encourage ( M a t . 14.27), be of good cheer; to lighten grief, as by going on a trip, (b) Same as lana, 3. (c) Disobedient, willful. Ho'olana noho'i na keiki o keia wa, t h e children t o d a y are so willful, l a n a a u . T o float or d r i f t with t h e c u r r e n t ; to look a b o u t in every direction, wander, ramble, d r i f t aimlessly, l a n a h a ' a k e l . H a u g h t y , superior-acting (Isa. 2.11). Lit., proudly floating, l a n a h e l e . To drift, as a ship, l a n a h i a . Passive/imperative of lana. l a n a h O ! Land ho! Eng. l & n a h u . Charcoal, coal. Lua l&nahu, coal mine, l a n a h u a . Crook, protuberance, h u m p ; bent out, convex. l a n a l . Var. of nanai, stiff-backed, l&nal. Porch, veranda, booth, shed; temporary roofed construction with open sides near a house. L & n a ' t . 1. Lanai Island. 2. (Not cap.) A variety of sweet potato. ( H P 142.) l a n a i e a . Same as nanaiea, weak. L a n a - k a m a l a m a . N a m e of a star. Lit., t h e light floats, l a n a k e a . Var. of nanakea, pale, l a n a k l l a . Victory, t r i u m p h ; t o t r i u m p h , win, conquer, h o ' o l a n a k i l a . T o cause t o t r i u m p h ; overbearing or i m p u d e n t , as of a spoiled child unafraid of punishment, or of a most privileged, unassailable person, l a n a k o l . T o ask for insistently; to desire greatly; great desire. Cf. koi, urge. Mea 'ole ia anu i ka mana'o i ka lanakoi a ka makemake (hula song), t h e cold is as nothing when t h e desire is so keen, l a n a l a n a . l . R e d u p . of lana. h o ' o l a n a l a n a . R e d u p . of ho'olana. 2 . Lashings, as of ornamental sennit binding t h e float (ama) to outrigger booms Ciako). h o ' o l a n a l a n a . To make lashings, t o lash. 3. Spider. (Isa. 59.5.) Also lalana, nananana. 4. Ylang-ylang. l a n a l a n a h i a . Passive/imperative of lanalana. Nana i ka moku, ha'aha'a kilohana i lalo, 'imi'imihia, lanalanahia, lana (For. 6:389), look a t t h e district, magnificent down below, sought for, hoped for hope. U&nana. Var. of kanana, t o strain, l a n a n u ' u . 1. High f r a m e where heiau images were placed. 2. Same as lananu'u mamao. 3. I m a g e placed in f r o n t of a heiau. (AP.) l a n a n u ' u m a m a o . Oracle tower; t h e lowest floor was t h e lana, t h e second and more sacred floor was t h e nu'u, and top, where t h e high priest stood t o conduct services was t h e mamao. (Malo 176.) l a n a u . Unfriendly, unsociable. Same as Obs.

nanau.

'ia

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l a n l . 1. Sky, heaven; heavenly, spiritual. *Ai lani (1 Kor. 10.3), spiritual food. Mai ka lani no a ka honua, suddenly, w i t h o u t r h y m e or reason; lit., f r o m heaven t o earth. ( P P N langi, P M P langit.) 2. Very high chief, m a j e s t y ; host (Isa. 34.4); royal, exalted, high born, aristocratic. Lani is a part of m a n y names, as Lei-lani, royal child or heavenly lei; Pua-lani, descendant of royalty or heavenly flowers. Cf. kamalani, kuhilani. Ka-lani-ana-'ole (name), t h e incomparably exalted one. h o * o l a n l . (a) To t r e a t as a chief; to a c t as a chief; to enjoy t h e position and prestige of a high chief, (b) Same as ho' olanilani. I f t n l a . T o warm, toast, or wijt over a fire, as young p a n d a n u s leaves. Cf. 'olala, 'olani. l a n l - a i r i . Same as nani-ah'i, shrubs, l a n l a l l ' l . Royal chief.

Ianl l i a ' a h a ' a . Low sky, of the low sky, a

poetic reference to H a n a , Maui, and its rains, l & n l h l n i h i . Thin, narrow. Lit., edge surface, l a n i k a ' e . Individual privileged to sit with t h e chief while t h e latter ate; he might eat t h e r e m n a n t s of t h e chief's food, thus preventing t h e m f r o m falling into t h e hands of a sorcerer. (Malo 61.) Lit., chief at edge. L a n l - k & u l a . N a m e of a noted prophet of Molokai. Lit., priest aristocrat. L a n l - k e h a . Legendary p a r t of heaven; f r e q u e n t n a m e for residences of high chiefs, as t h a t of Kamehamelia I I I at Lahaina, Maui. (Malo 104.) Lit., lofty heaven, l a n l k u a k a ' a . Poetic name for a very high chief or t h e highest heaven. Lit., sky with rolling ridge [i.e., clouds]. L a n i - k u - h a n a . N a m e of a star. Lit.. chief s t a n d s [at] work. L a n l - k u ' u - w a ' a . Wind of Kalalau, Kauai. (For. 5:95.) Lit., heaven releasing canoe, l a n l l a n l . Redup. of lani. h o ' o l a n l l a n l . (a) Redup. of ho1 olani\ to t r e a t as a chief ; to claim relationship to a chief, especially u n w a r r a n t e d , (b) To exalt, praise, l a n l p a ' a . F i r m a m e n t . Lit., solid heaven, l a n l p i l i . See ua lanipili, l a n l p d . Dense, dark, as of plants, rain; said of luxuriant growth. Ku'u haku i ka ua lanipd lua, me he po la ka ke anu o ke Ko'olau (chant for Bernice Bishop), my lord in t h e dark pouring rain like t h e night and the cold of t h e Ko'olau (the lord protecting one f r o m darkness and coldl. Afaika'i ka pa hale i punia i na pua nani, lanipo i na meakanu, how fine t h e house yard bordered with beautiful flowers, dense with plants. l a i i l u i n a . Both flowering and aromatic-leaved pelargoniums, also called rose geraniums. Cf. kupukupu-'ala. l a n i - w a l . Same as lemi-wai, a water lemon. Niihau. l a n l - w e l a . C a n a d a fleabane (Erigeron canadenae), a weedy composite herb f r o m t e m p e r a t e N o r t h America, with long, straight hairy stem, hairy, narrow leaves, and clusters of small flower heads. Cf. ilioha. l a n o a . Weekday. Lit., day without taboo, l & n u i . Holiday, important or big day. l & n u ' u . Same as lananu'u. la'O. 1. H a v i n g something in t h e eye, as a m o t e or eyelash. La'o ka maka, the eye has s o m e t h i n g in it. h o ' o l a ' o . T o get something in 4 t h e eye. 2. Same as la'ola'o, 2, 3. 3. Var. of ola'o, t o weed. l f t ' 6 . 1. Same as lau kd, sugar-cane leaf. 2 . A bright-colored greenish fish, about five inches long (Halichoeres ornatissimus). l a o a . Var. of haoa, eel-catching stick; t o fish with this stick; to choke, as on a bone. Intrans. (Variant pronunciations are la'oa and ha'oa.) n o ' o l a o a . T o fish for eels thus. ( V a r i a n t pro-

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l a u ' a u ' a

nunciation is ho'ola'oa.) Nui ka iwi, he ho'olaoa, t h e r e are many bones, they cause choking, l a ' o a . 1. Passive/imperative of la'o, 1, 2, S. 2 . Same as laoa. l a o l a o . Deep booming sound, as of d i s t a n t surf, l a ' o l a ' o . 1. R e d u p . of la'o, 1. La'ola'o ka maka i ka lihilihi, t o nave an eyelash in t h e eye. La'ola'o kanaka, commoner. 2. Lack of satisfaction, even discomfort, resulting f r o m eating unaccustomed or foreign food. 3. Kindling; small sticks placed at a break in a b a n k of a t a r o p a t c h ; trash, l a p a . 1. Ridge, steep side of a ravine; ridged. Cf. kualapa. h o ' o l a p a . To f o r m a ridge; ridge. 2 . Over-active, energetic, mischievous; gamboling and cavorting, as a young animal. Cl.'alapa, 'olapa. Ka puhi lapa i ke ale, eel playing in t h e hollows. Lapa kai, restless, active sea. h o ' o l a p a . (a) To rise up; to boil; to swell, as a blister: to spread or blaze, as fire or volcanic e r u p t i o n ; to excite or flare, as with passion; t o animate; to cook by boiling. Ho'olapa ka 'opu, a disturbed stomach. Ua wala ki'aha paha, ke ho'olapa mai nei, the glass is tilted back perhaps, getting active, (b) (Cap.) Wind f a m o u s a t K a ' u , Hawaii. 3. Bamboo liners, for t a p a printing. 4. Orifice of t h e womb. Also called lapa pu'ao. 5. Clot, as of blood. 6. A variety of sweet potato. 7. A variety of taro. 8 . M a l e mahimahi fish, l a p a ' a u . Medical practice; to t r e a t with medicine, heal, cure; medical, medicinal. Kauka lapa'au, medical doctor. Kahuna lapa'au, medical priest or practitioner. La'au lapa'au, medicine. Na pono lapa'au, articles used in curing disease. E lapa'au ana ke kahuna i ke keiki, t h e practitioner is treating t h e child. I&pakl. R a b b i t . Eng. 'Iole-lupaki, rabbit, l a p a k o k o . Blood clot. l a p a k u . Excessively active. Lapakii i Hawai'i ka wahine, a 'o Ptle (chant), t h e woman Pelo is most active on Hawaii, l a p a l a p a . 1. R e d u p . of lapa, 1\ steep-ridged, many-ridged. Ihu lapalapa, high-bridged nose. Po'o lapalapa, a square head. 2. R e d u p . of lapa, 2: to bubble, boil, blaze; t o cavort. Wai lapalapa, boiling water, h o ' o l a p a l a p a . T o cause to blaze, boil, etc. Ipu ho'olapalapa, boiler. 3. Clotted. Cf. lapa koko. 4. N a t i v e m o u n t a i n trees (Cheirodendron), in t h e panax family, conspicuous for t h e slender-stemmed leaves, each leaf with three broad leaflets t h a t flutter (lapalapa) in t h e breeze. Also called 'olapa, '0lapalapa. 5. N a m e for a large mahimahi, dolphin, l & p a u e a . Var. of h&pauea, aged, l a p a u l i a , l a p a u w i l a . 1. Same as kunakuna, doorposts. 2. Booms joining hulls of a double canoe, corresponding to 'iako of a single canoe, l a p a u i l a . Lightning flash; to flash, as lightning, i a p a w a l . Amniotic fluid. l a p a w a i . Agitated fresh water, rippling water, cascadiug water; shining water, as in t h e sunlight. l a p a w & w a e . Shin. Lit., leg ridge, l a p e ' e . Bent, crooked, doubled up; curled up, like t h e tail of a pig; coiled, flexed. Same as lake'e. l S p l k a . A rare var. of lapaki. l S p i n e . Same as lukini, lemon grass, l a p u . Ghost (Isa. 34.14), a p p a r i t i o n ; h a u n t e d ; t o h a u n t , h o ' o l a p u . To pretend t o be a ghost, as children on Hallowe'en, l a p u l a p u . T o pick up, as sticks for fuel; t o collect, gather; t o handle, tie. h o ' o l a p u l a p u . Causative/simulative. L S p u l e . Sunday. Lit., prayer d a y . l & p u ' u . Bunched up, h u m p e d up, curled up; crooked, bent over, arched; head bent forward, as of a bucking horse. Also napu'u. h o ' o l S p u ' u . Causative/simulative.

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l a p u ' u n a . A h u m p , crook, arch; a humping, arching. l a p u w a l e . Vanity, foolishness, w orthlessness; worthless, mischievous, of no value. Lapuwait o na lapuwale, v a n i t y of vanities, l a t i . 1. Leaf; f r o n d ; t o leaf out. Leu is sometimes contracted t o la-, as la'I, la'ie, la'd. h o ' o l a u . T o grow leaves; t o leaf out. ( P P N lau, P M P daun.) 2. Dragnet, seine, so called because formerly made of ti leaves (lau) tied t o a rope. Cf. hukilau, lauahi, lau'apo'apo, lauko. h o ' o l a u . (a) To use a lau. (b) A bundle of grass or ferns set in water t o a t t r a c t shrimps or 'o'opu fish; a net was placed under this bundle, and t h e fish shaken i n t o it. 3. Sheet; surface; blade, as of grass. Cf. lauahi, lauhoe, laulS, laumania, moena lau. 4. T o be much, m a n y ; very many, numerous; four hundred. Cf. kini, mano. Ahe lau makani, gentle wind, caressing wind. Lau a lau na hoku o ka lani, h u n d r e d s and h u n d r e d s of stars in t h e heaven. Lau lena ka pua o ka mamane, t h e mamane is yellow with blossoms, h o ' o l a u . T o m a k e numerous; t o assemble, as of numerous persons or animals; numerous. 5. P a t t e r n , as for quilts; design; print of a cloth. Pahoehoe lau. brocaded satin. 6. T h a t c h e d m o u n t a i n hut, as used by farmers, canoemakers, birdcatchers. 7. Tip, as of t h e tongue; top (probably related to welau and 'elau, tip). Lau make, death-dealing tip, as of a weapon. Aloe i ka lau o ka lihilihi, to doze; lit., sleep b y t h e tip of the eyelash. 8. Sweet-potato slip or vine. l a u a . N o t much remaining to do, progressing, nearly finished. Ke laua aku nei kana liana, his work is coming along. 'A'ohe i laua aku ka kaua hana, there's a great deal for us b o t h t o do. l f t u a . T h e y , t h e m (dual). Laua 'elua, both, l & u a ' a u a . Counselor. Obs. l a u a ' e , l a u w a ' e . 1. A f r a g r a n t fern ( P o l y p o d i u m phymatodes); when crushed, its f r a g r a n c e suggests t h a t of maile: f a m o u s for its fragrance on Kauai. Pieces were s t r u n g in p a n d a n u s leis between t h e keys. 2. Beloved, sweet, of a lover. Ka ipo laua'e o Makana, t h e sweet beloved of M a k a n a [reference to t h e f a m o u s laua'e ferns of M a k a n a , KauaiJ. h o ' o l a u a ' e . T o cherish, as a beloved memory. I ka make 'ana o kana kane, ua ho'olaua'e a'ela 'oia i ke aloha, a t t h e d e a t h of her husband, she cherished t h e loving memory. 3. Same as laua'e-haole. 4. T o gather together, collect. Obs. l a u a ' c - h a o l e . A fern (Phlebodium aureum), hare's-foot fern, f r o m tropical America, much like t h e laua'e, b u t with larger, dull light-green, scentless fronds. First collected in Hawaii in m o u n t a i n s of K a u a i (August, 1909), probably as an escape. (Neal 27.) l a u & h c a . R u m o r , hearsay. l a u a h i . 1. T o destroy, as by fire or lava flow. Fig., quick, d e f t (as a f t e r lima); greedy, lecherous. Lauahi Pele i kai o Puna, Pele's lava flows are d e v a s t a t i n g seaward of P u n a . 2. Bag net used for fish, as 'ohua. l a u ' a l . Salad. Lit., edible leaves, l a u & k e a . C o m m o n ; c o m m o n e r . L i t . , much public, l a u a k i . T o co-operate, work together, as of experts: t o concentrate on t h e same t a s k ; t o pool talents, l a u a l e l o . T o n g u e tip. l a u ' a l o . Contraction of lau kalo, taro leaf, l a u - ' a m a ' u . T a p a - b e a t e r design. Lit., 'ama'u fern p a t t e r n , l a u ' a p o ' a p o . T y p e of lau fishing outside t h e reef. Lit., catching seine. l a u ' a u ' a . T o withhold; stingy. Fig., t o withhold or conceal strength, as a warrior (Malo 196, 203; this m a y refer to t h e c o m m o n tale motif of t h e idol hero who enters t h e b a t t l e only a f t e r his confederates are losing, as of Kawelo, Pele, P a n a ' e w a ) . Another figurative use concerns a woman u n a t t r a c t i v e t o males, and (AP.) a lottery or game of chance.

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l a u ' a w a

l a u ' a w a . P a g o d a flower (Clerodendrum speciosissimum), a low s h r u b with d o w n y h e a r t shaped leaves and clusters of scarlet flowers, native to Java, l a u ' a w a . 1. K a v a leaf. 2. First two or three t a r o leaves, as offered with k a v a leaves with prayers for a good food supply, l a u ' e k a . Same as palau'eka, pittance, l a u ' e k l . Top, as of sugar-cane tassel or of shell ginger a b o u t to bloom. Cf. 'eki. l a u e l e . To wander mentally, imagine. Rare. Cf. -ele. l a u ' e n a . 1. T o glow with heat, anger, passion. 2. See One-lau'ena. l a u h a l a . P a n d a n u s leaf, especially as used in plaiting. l a u h a l a I a n a . Vagabond, drifter, one as useless as p a n d a n u s leaves a d r i f t in t h e sea. Lit., floating p a n d a n u s leaf, l a u h & p a p a . S a m e as laupapa, 1. l a u - h a u . Brightly colored small flsh (Chaetodon quadrimaculatus). This n a m e m a y be qualified by t h e t e r m s kapuhili, kikakapu. maha-uli, nuku-'i'iwi or nuku-'iwi, and wiliwili. l a u h a u . Leaf of hau tree, l a u - h c l e . Var. of lau-lele, weeds, l a u h o e . 1. Blade of a paddle. 2. To paddle together and uniformly, either in t h e same or diff e r e n t canoes, l a u b u a . A kind of 'o'opu, a flsh. l a u h u e . 1. A variety of poisonous gourd; t o spread, of this vine. Ho'okahi no Hawa'e, lauhue 'o Kona, only one Hawa'e, [and] K o n a is covered with t h e poison gourd [Hawa'e was an evil sorcerer who prayed m a n y to d e a t h : one bad person can poison a whole area]. 2. Var. of lauhua, a flsh. l a u h u ' e . To clear, remove, as mulch, l a u h u k t . 1. T a p a soaking; to soak tapa. 2. (Cap.) N a m e of a goddess worshipped by t a p a makers. Obs. l a u h u l u . 1. Dry b a n a n a leaf; t o wrap, as a bundle, with ti leaves inside and b a n a n a leaves outside. Fig., outsider, one f r o m another locality (sometimes said disparagingly). 2. Fast, swift, as of destruction; to seize, as a n 'ahi seizes a hook. Obs. l a u ' I . Ti leaf. Also la'I, lau kl. F o r example see polopola, k. • a u l a . A t y p e of parrotflsh. l a u ' l ' I . A native fern (Doodia media), somewhat like kupukupu, 3. l a u l l l . Var. spelling of lauwili. l a u ' I - p a l a . Same as la'i-pala, a flsh. l a u ' I p c k e p e k e . Short, s t u n t e d ti leaves; a t e r m of opprobrium for t h e kauwa (outcast), as such ti leaves were of less value t h a n long leaves. l a u ' I - w l l l w l l l . Same as lau-wiliwili, a flsh. l a u - k & h l . Broad-leafed plantain (Plantago major), a cosmopolitan stemless weed, with thick b r o a d leaves, one to ten inches long, forming a rosette near t h e ground, and with tiny flowers developing in a cylindrical head a t t h e t i p of a slender stalk; used externally t o ripen and heal boils, internally for diabetes and other ailments. Lit., single leaf. l a u - k a h l - k u a h l w i . M o u n t a i n lau-kahi. l a u - k a h i - l a u - n u l . A species of lau-kahi. Lit., big-leafed lau-kahi. l a u - k a h i - l l ' i l i ' l . A native sword-shaped fern (Elaphoglossum sp.). Lit., little lau-kahi. l a u - k & h l - n u n u l . 1. N a t i v e sword-shaped f e r n (Elaphoglossum aemulum). 2. Broad-leafed Plantago. Lit., big lau-kahi. l a u - k a - h i ' u . A kind of shark, possibly thresher. Lit., m u c h hit tail. l a u - k a l a k o a . T h e snow bush (Breynia nivosa), f r o m South Pacific islands. I t has rounded-oval leaves, mottled green a n d white, or, in one

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variety, green, white, red, and pink. L-.t., calico (Eng.) leaf, l a u k a l o . Same as punua, fledgling, l a u k a l o . T a r o leaf. l a u k a n a . Uninterested in religion, i n d i l e r e n t to religion. Obs. l a u k a n a k a . Densely p o p u l a t e d , having m a n y eople; m a n y people, n o ' o l a u k a n a k a . To a v e m a n y people a b o u t one; to dispel loneliness with people. Ka manu ho'olau kanaka, o ia uka 'iu ano (song), the bird t h a t dispels loneliness in t h a t far, quiet upland, - l a u k a n e a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l a u k a n e a . Same as ho'okanea. Ho'olaukanea keia piki ia'u no ka mea 'o ka puni keia a ku'u mo'opuna, I ' v e lost a p p e t i t e for this peach because it is iry grandchild's favorite, l a u k a n l . Tough, hardy. (For. 6:392.) l a u k a n u . Planted sweet-potato vine. See lau, 8. l a u k a p a l a l a . Legendary n a m e for broad leaves of t h e first taro, said to havo been born of a woman. Cf. lau kapalili. l a u k a p a l i l i . 1. Same as hukilau, seine Ashing, h u t reportedly used in deeper water and with yellowed ti or b a n a n a leaves. Lit., trembling net. 2. Legendary n a m e for trembling leaves of the first taro, said to have been born of a woman. (Malo 24-1.) Cf. lau kapalala. l a u k e a . Gray with ago or sickness; pale, as an invalid. l a u - k e a . 1. A small tree or s h r u b (Claoxylon sandwicense, var. tomentosum), on Kauai only, in t h e euphorbia family, h a v i n g leaves to a b o u t three by seven inches, a n d small clustered flowers. 2. H a r d , gray stone, used for adzes, l a u k l . A cosmopolitan tropical weed (Cassia leschenaultiana), a small s h r u b with finely divided leaves, yellow flowers, a n d small narrow pods. (Neal 374.) l a u k l . 1. Ti leaf. 2. Tea leaf. Cf. ko'oko'olau. l a u - k l - p a l a . Same as la'i-pala, a flsh. l a u k l p a l a . Yellowed ti leaf, l a u k o . Dragnet.

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l a u k o a . To feather out, as young birds, h o ' o l a u k o a . Same as above. I malumalu ai kana punua i mana'o ai e ho'olaukoa (chant for Kawanana-koa), t o shelter their fledglings which t h e y expect to feather out. l a u k o a . Leaf of a koa tree, l a u k o n a . A variety of sugar cane with green and yellow striped canes and leaves; used in sorcery, because of t h e meaning of laukBna, to break t h e influence of the hana aloha love magic and change love into h a t r e d . Also called manini. l a u k O n d . Hard-hearted, merciless, heartless, unfriendly^ implacable; furious, very angry. Obs. Laukona au i kana_hana, I ' m furious a b o u t what he's done. Laukona wale mai no ke aloha (prayer), m a y t h e love be turned to h a t e . h o ' o l a u k O n S . T o t r e a t cruelly, mercilessly; t o oppress; t o cause hatred, l a u k o n a k o n a . Same as laukona. ( H P 225.) l a u k o n a k o n A . Redup. of laukona. l a u k O p u a . Fishing for young flsh (pua) with fine nets. l a u k u a . 1. Confused, repetitious, mixed, incoherent, as speech; miscellaneous; irregularshaped, as some leaves. 2. T o _take or g a t h e r indiscriminately. Similar t o hapuku. 3 . One skilled in m a n v trades, a jack-of-all-trades. 4. Fish pond. (AP.) l a u - k i i - k a h l . A native fern (Lindsaya repens var. macraena), with narrow, divided fronds. Hawaii. Lit., leaf t h a t is alone, l a u l a . Broad, wide; liberal; widely k n o w n : p u b licly. Hele laula, to act with f r e e d o m or liberty. Inoa laula, n a m e generally known, not taboo. Ma'i laula, epidemic, contagious disease. Mana'o_laula, broad-minded; liberal ideas. 'Olelo laula, general conversation. Unuhi laula loa,

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l a u l o a . X. A long leaf. 2. Length; lengthwise, Ka lau loa i ka 'upena, braid t h e net lengthwise, l a u l o l e . M u l b e r r y leaf. l a u m S e w a . T o sway with t h e m o v e m e n t of the wind, as leaves; to move to and fro, as algae In t h e sea; blown here and there, as sea spray, l a u m a ' e w a . Insult, t a u n t , sneer, reproach; to insult, t a u n t , mock; taunting, mocking, sneering, derisive, l a u m a k l . Var. of laumeki, 1, 2, 3. l a u - m a n a m a n a . A variety of sweet potato, l a u m a n a m a n a . A divided leaf; many leaves, m a n y branches; descendants, as of a family, l a u m a n l a . Smooth, sheer, s t e e p , even, h o ' o l a u m a n i a . T o smooth; to spread out smoothly and evenly; to free of b u m p s or lumps, l a u m a n l e . Var. of laumania. l a u - m a ' u . Design on a t a p a beater, said t o suggest t h e ma'u leaf, l a u m a u ' u . Blade of grass, l a u m e k e . Var. of laumeki, l, 2, 3. He koa ia e laumeke ai kahawai o Hilo, a warrior who lessens t h e flow of Hilo streams [a mighty fighter], l a u m e k i . 1. A kind of barbed spear. 2. T o recede, ebb, as t h e tide or flood waters. 3. T o wilt, as plants without water, i a u m l l o . T o writhe, turn, twist, squirm, torture, destroy. Cf. 'omilomilo. l a u - m l l o . A species of eel, so called because its color was t h o u g h t to resemble a yellow milo leaf (lau milo). l a u n a . Friendly, sociable: to associate with, meet with, fraternize with, be sociable. Used idiomatically with 'a'ohe, 'a'ole, 'ole: 'A'ohe launa ka maka'u, terrible fear; there's no limit to the fear; lit., no meeting t h e fear. 'A'ole lihi launa mai o ka pilikia, there's no end to t h e trouble. TJ'i launa 'ole, beautiful beyond compare. Cf. hoalauna. h o ' o l a u n a . T o introduce one person to a n o t h e r ; to be friendly. Ke ho'olauna aku nei au i mua o 'oukou, I a m Introducing myself to you. l a u n a a l o h a . Friendly association, fellowship, l a u n a h e l c . Plants, forest growth or leaves, l a u n a m a l e ( m a r e ) . Marriage relationship, marital rights (Puk. 21.10). l a u n a p a l a p a l a . Correspondence; to correspond, l a u n e a . Bare, as of leaves, b o ' o l a u n e a . Causative/simulative, l a u n l e . Same as launea.

f r e e translation. Ua 'Blelo laula_ 'ia, publicly s t a t e d , h o ' o l a u l S . Same as laula; to broaden, widen, extend. Mana'o ho'olaula, consideration of many angles. Ho'olaula i ka mana'o, to broaden t h e mind or thought, l a u l a h a . Spread far and wide, as news; circulated, publicized; of common knowledge; spread contagiously, as a disease. Lit., much spread. Na mana laulaha o ke kia'dina, general powers of the governor, h o ' o l a u l a h a . T o spread, circulate, publicize, m a k e known, l a u I a h l l a h i . 1. A thin leaf. 2. Thin, l a u - l a m a . Design on a Niihau m a t . Lit., m a n y torches; lama tree leaves, l a u l a u . 1. Wrapping, wrapped package; packages of ti leaves or b a n a n a leaves containing pork, beef, salted flsh, or t a r o tops, baked in the ground oven, steamed or broiled; any cloth, net. or leaves used as a wrapper or carrier; to wrap or carry in such bundles. Laulau moni (Kin. 42.35), bundle of money. 2. H a t rim. 3. Pregnant. 4. Paddle blade, l a u l a u n a . Redup. of launa; sociable, friendly. He 'olu'olu, he laulauna, pleasant, sociable. 'A'ohe laulauna wale max, n o t a t all sociable, l a u i a w i l l . Var. of lauwili. (AP.) l a u l e ' a . Peace, happiness, friendship; restoration of a disrupted friendship; happy, glad, peaceful. Laule'a 'ole, unsociable. Laule'a ka nohona o nei kula, life on this plain is happy, h o ' o l a u l e ' a . Celebration, gathering for a celebration, large p a r t y ; satisfaction; to hold a celebration, to celebrate; to reconcile, restore peace or friendship, appease (Kin. 32.20); to preserve friendship and good will; to be at peace with; to seek to please. Ke ho'olaule'a nei anei au i kanaka, a i ke Akua anei? (Gal. 1.10). do I now persuade men or God? Ha'awi aku id 'oukou i na ho'olaule'a 'ana a nui wale ma ke kU'ai 'ana aku ma ko'u hale ku'ai, to give you great satisfaction in making purchases at my store. l a u l e l e . Fishing with small nets, as in shallow water (usually used with lawai'a or papa). l a u - l e l e . 1. Butterfly weed or milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), a tropical American perennial herb two to three feet high, with umbels of small orange and yellow flowers and pods full of tufted, wind-borne seeds: the loaves were eaten in time of famine; t h e Monarch butterfly feeds on t h e leaves. Lit., flying leaf. Also called lau-hele, pua-'anuhe. Cf. hi lau-lele. 2. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). I S u l l . 1. Dark, overcast, shady; darkness. Lit., dark sun. 2. A variety of ulua. a flsh. Lit., d a r k fin. l a u - I l h l l l h l . A slender, prostrate shrub in the ink family (Schiedea stellarioides), endemic to ^auai, with small, linear leaves, and large open panicles of small flowers. Lit., bordered leaf. Also called ma'oli'oli. l a u l l ' l . Small-leafed; qualifying term for some plants, as maile. Cf. 'i'o, 3. l a u l i m a . Co-operation; group of people working together; c o m m u n i t y food p a t c h ; to work to;ether, co-operate. Lit., m a n y hands. llO'Oa u l l m a . T o get to co-operate, l a u l o a . Long wave or surf, as extending f r o m one end of t h e beach to the other. Also called kakala. l a u - l o a . 1. A variety of taro, said to be the original t a r o brought to Hawaii. Sometimes poetically called ha-loa, long stalk, because a god of t h a t name was said to have been in the form of this taro. This name m a y be qualified by t h e terms ha'ele'ele or 'ele'ele-, ha'ula, koko, or 'ula'ula-, hauliuli or uliuli; ke'oke'o; manini; 'Bni'oni'o; palakea; pana'e; poni. ( H P 33.) Cf. hina-pu. 2. A variety of sugar cane. W h e n young, yellow-green, striped with light yellowbrown; with exposure, a deep olive, striped with dark brown-red; broad, long, green leaves; large stalks. ( H P 222, 225.)

- l a u n l l l . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l a u n l l l . Same as luaiele. l a u - n i u . Design on a t a p a beater. l a u n l u . Coconut leaf, frond. l a u - M l i . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) Lit., large leaf, large design. l a u ' 6 . 1. Sugar-cane leaf (same as lau kO). 2. Young white coconut leaves near t h e heart, l a u o ' e . Similar to kuo'e, to saunter. l a u ' o S . Var. spelling of lau'owe. l a u o h a . 1. Sail of a vessel. 2. Dense, lush, of vegetation. Cf. ohaoha. 3. Variation in vision, depending on distance of the object seen. (AP.) l a u o h a o h a . Redup. of lauoha, 2. l a u o h o . Hair of t h e head. Lit., head leaf, l a u o h o k u ' l . H a i r switch. Lit., added hair. l a u o h o - o - P e l e . 1. Pele's hair, a fine hairlike lava. 2. A fine, hairlike seaweed, found a t Wai-kiki. l a u o n e . Soil light, fertile, and easy to cultivate; alluvial soil. Lit., sand surface, l a u ' G p a e . Shrimp net, a b o u t a f a t h o m long, placed around a heap of rocks called ahu or i m u (flsh and shrimp were prodded and frightened f r o m t h e rock pile into t h e net); this t y p e of fishing.

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lau'owe, l a u ' o f . Intensive of 'owl, murmuring, l a u p a ' a p a ' a n l . Merry, jolly, humorous, laughprovoking, playful, witty. Lit., much playing, l a u p a ' e . First two leaves of a taro shoot (according to some, the first three leaves), l a u p a ' l . 1. Same as laupa'e. 2. A great many, multitude, great quantity, heap; to increase, multiply; to have much of; well supplied with. Ua laupa'i ka hana, there was so much to do. Laupa'i ka 'ohana, a big family, h o ' o l a u p a ' l . To make an abundance, supply, cause an increase. lau pala. Fading leaf turning yellow, red, or brown. Fig., person failing in health, h o ' o l a u pala. To show signs of fading, of a leaf; to show signs of failing health; also same as lau pala. laupalal. To shine, glitter, sparkle, as dew in the sun. (AP.) l a u p a p a . 1. A broad flat, as of coral, lava, reef. Kalaupapa (place on Molokai), the broad flat area. 2. Board, lumber. Pa laupapa, wooden fence. l a u - ' u l a ' u l a . A kind of sweet potato. (HP 142.) Lit., red leaf. l a u ' u l u . Indistinct, as the voice of a sick person. Oils. l a u w a ' e . Var. spelling of laua'e. lau v/al. Stream or pond full of water; many streams; abundance of water, lauwl. Same as 'alauahio. a bird, lauwili, laulll. Circuitous, roundabout, turning, twisting, unstable, flckle, changeable, double-tongued, variable. Pa lauwili, to blow from various directions, of the wind, lio'olauwill. To cause fickleness, change, twist, lau-wlllwlll. Var. of lau-hau-wiliwili, a fish. See lau-hau. lauwlllwill. liedup. of lauwili. l a u - w t l l w l l l - n u k u n u k u - ' o t ' o l . A variety of lau-hau. a fish. Lit., sharp-beaked wiliwili leaf, lawa. 1. Enough, sufficient, ample; to have enough. Iia'a i ka lawa, to be enough, h o ' o lawa. To supply, apportion sufficiently, equip. E ho'olawa mai 'oe i lau hala e pa'a ai keia moena, supply me enough pandanus leaves to finish this mat. 2. Possessed of enough or ample knowledge, hence wise, capable. Ua lawa ke 'ike, knowing a great deal. Ua lawa i ka hanai keiki, wise in raising children. 3. As soon as. I lawa no a pau ka liana, ho'i kaua, as soon as the work is finished, we'll leave. 4. Strong, husky; strong man, as in a king's retinue. Cf. lawakua. 6. To bind, make fast, tie securely. 6. White, as of a cock. Moa lawa, moo lawa kea, white cock. 7. A large shark fishhook. (AP.) l a w a a ' e a ' e . White mixed with a darker color, as of a chicken; dark hair streaked with gray; white chicken with sprinkling of red feathers. Cf. a'ea'e. l a w a i ' a . 1. Fisherman; fishing technique; to fish, to catch fish. 'O ka hi aku ka lawai'a nui a 'Umi-a-Liloa (For. 4:231). casting for bonito was 'Umi-a-Liloa's principal means of fishing. 2. Cormorant. (Oihk. 11.17.) 3. (Cap.) Name of a group of seven stars, l a w a i ' a k o k o . Fishing within the reef, as by women and children, with long bags of fine mesh into which fish were driven, l a w a i ' a kO l a u . The old name for hukilau fishing. l a w a t ' a m a n u . Birdcatcher, birdcatching with a net. Lit., to fish birds, l a w a k u a . 1. Strong-backed, muscular, of strong physique, bulging with muscles. For example see konapiliahi. 2. To bind or tie fast, as on the back. Fig., to be a dear friend or companion. (PH 218.) Ua lawakua i ko aloha (dirge), bound to your love. 3. (Cap.) Name of a mountain wind on Kauai. For example, see noiele. 4. Name of a hold in lua fighting, lawalawa. Rodup. of lawa, 5.

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- l a w a l a w a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l a w a l a w a . Redup. of ho'olawa, to supply. Ua ho'olawalawa i ka 'ai, supply all with enough food, l a w a l a w a i ' a . Redup. of lawai'a; to fish here and there. Anu ke kupa lawalawai'a o Ho'olehua (chant), cold are the native fishermen of Ho'olehua. l a w a l a w a l h o n u a . Type of large wooden bowl. (For. 6:394.) l&walu. Fish or meat bound in ti leaves and broiled on coals; to cook thus. Palaoa l&walu, dough cooked in ti leaves, lawa l u a . 1. Very strong. 2. To bind tightly, lawa p u n l . Enough for all, well-supplied. Ua lawa puni kakou i ka i'a, we all have enough fish. •awe. 1. To take, accept, carry, bring; portable; bearer. Cf. lalawe, lawe hanai. He mea lawe nupepa, a newspaper subscriber; newspaper carrier, paper boy. Lawe mai i ka puke, bring the book. Ua lawe mai au i ka 'olelo ho'ohiki, I accepted the pledge. Ua lawe nui au no loko a'e o keia mau kanawai, from these laws I have borrowed largely. Lawe i na 'olelo ho'ohiki, to take oaths. Ka lawe kBwehe a ka pa'u, fluttering of the skirt. Ua lawe ia i wahine no 'Aikiopa nana (Nah. 12.1), he took a woman from Ethiopia as his wife, ho'olawc. To cause to take, pretend to take, deduct, subtract; subtraction, deduction. E ho'olawe lua mai ka 'ewalu a'o ka ha'ina he 'eono, take two from eight and the answer is six. 2. Finally to become; to become. For example see mikihilina. Ahonui 'ia, i lawe no a kau i ka hano, bo patient, and eventually you will be placed in a position of honor. lawea. Passive/imperative of lawe. Lawea mai a pau pono na 'ike kumu o Hawai'i (chant for Kalakaua), bring every last bit of the original wisdom of Hawaii, laweau. To drift apart; to depart, as in death. Rare. Mahope o ka make 'ana o ka luahine, ua laxcpnu aku na mo'opuna, after the death of the old lady, the grandchildren drifted apart, lawe h a e . To bear a flag; color bearer, lawehala. Sin, sinner, delinquency; evil, delinquent, sinful; to sin, transgress. Keiki lawehala, delinquent child. Lawehala 'dpiopio, juvenile delinquency, h o ' o l a w e h a l a . Accusation; to accuse; to grow worse, of a sickness, especially an insignificant one. He wahi 'eha wale no keia i ho'olawehala, this is just a little pain that has become worse, l a w e h a n a . Workman, laborer; industrious; to do labor, work. Hoa lawehana, fellow worker, lawe bilnal. To adopt, as a child, lawe k a h i l i . Bearer of the feather standard of royalty (kahili). lawe k a p a k a h l . To act with partiality. lawekeO. Cry of the kioea, stilt bird. Kioea, kioea, lawekeH, lawelawekeS, stilt, stilt, laweke, lawelawekeB. lawelawe. 1. To serve, work for, minister to, attend to, do, perform, transact; to treat, as the sick; to wait, as on tables; to handle. Ka lawelawe 'ana, the performance, execution, carrying out. Kanaka lawelawe, servant, waiter [this term does not carry the opprobrium attached to kauwa1. Wahine lawelawe, waitress, stewardess. Lawelawe 'oihana, to conduct business. ' I k e pono i na mea e lawelawe 'ia ana, to see clearly what happened. Ka loio nana e lawelawe nei i ka hihia, the lawyer who is handling the law case. Ke lawelawe la na'e ho'i; a make akula 'oe ia Ku'ika'a (victory chant of Kawelo, For. 5:29), the [job] is being done; Ku'ika'a [the war clubj slays you. 2. To pilfer, make off with. Lima lawelawe, pilfering hand, lawelawe h a n a . Function, administration. Kana lawelawe hana 'ana, his administration, lawelawe Iwl. One who cares for the bones of the dead.

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l a w e l a w e l i m a . T o pitch in and lend a hand: t o assault, beat, tackle. Cf. lawelawe, t. I pono keia hana i kona lawelawe lima maoli 'ana mai, this work is a success because he actually pitched in to help, l a w e leka. M a i l carrier, postman; to carry mail or letters. l a w e l i m a . T o carry by hand. Puke lawe lima, handbook. l a w e l u a . T o study both sides of a question; to act impartially. Lit., take two. l a w e n a . Getting, acquiring, taking; acquisition; m o v e m e n t , as of dancing hands. Pehea ka lawena a ka ipo? (song), how to get a sweatheart? Ka lawena a ka makn, flirtatious summons of the eye. l a w e n a 'Olelo. Same as lawe 'Olelo. l a w e ola. Manslaughter; t o take a l i f e ; to take alive. l a w e 'Olelo. Talebearer; gossip; to gossip, bear tales. l a w e plo. Conquest; to capture, take captive, take a prisoner, carry into c a p t i v i t y , l a w e w a l . A great flow of water; water carrier; water-borue. l a w e w a l e . Extortion, seizure of property with the owner's knowledge; to extort, take witiiout right. l a w e w e . Var. of lawelau-e. Obs. 16. T o go about aimlessly, to do no w o r k ; listless, lazy. Obs. Ua le akula ka molowa, the lazy person just lounges about. L e a . 1. Goddess of canoe builders. 2. N a m e of a star. l e ' a . 1. Joy, pleasure, happiness, merriment; sexual gratification, orgasm; pleasing, delightful, happy, m e r r y ; delighted, pleasod. Ha'au-i manawale'a, t o g i v e g l a d l y ; lit., to g i v e [with] happy heart, h o ' o l e ' a . T o cause pleasure, j o y ; t o praise, please, delight, extol; praising, eulogistic. Hai'olelo ho'ole'a, eulogistic speech. 'Ehd kaukani ho'i i ho'ole'a id Iehowa me na mea kani a'u i hana ai i mea ho'ole'a (1 Oihn. 23.5), four thousand then praised Jehovah with the playing instruments I made as praising things. 2. Clearly, perfectly, thoroughly, successfully. Cf. kale'a, kule'a. Ila'i le'a, to describe fully and clearly; one skilled in clear, full explanation. Holo le'a, t o progress smoothly, successfully. 'Ike le'a, t o see clearly. Maopopo le'a, obvious, clearly evident. Mo'a le'a, thoroughly cooked. l e ' a l e ' a . l . R e d u p . of le'a, l. h o ' o l e ' a l e ' a . Redup. of ho'ole'a: to amuse oneself, have fun. Po'e ho'ole'ale'a i kanaka (Epeso 6.6), menleasers. 2. N a m e of a prayer to K u , K a n e , iono, and the 'aumakua ( f a m i l y gods). ( K e p . 23.) le'e. See 'o'opu-le'e. l e ' e m a , r e e m a . Unicorn. ( N a l i . 24.8.) I e ' e n l h i . Var. of lae-nihi, a fish, l e h a . 1. T o glance about, as with expectation or f u r t i v e l y . 2. L a z y , neglectful; to loaf. Obs. Cf. palaleha. l e h a l . R a r e var. of lehei. l e h a l e h a i . R e d u p . of lehai. IChau. Crowded, as with people. Obs. lehe. 1. L i p (used with complements, as lehe luhe, lehe 'oi). Cf. lehelehe. 2. Stretched, loose. 3. Deep-sea fish resembling ulua. lehei. T o jump, hop, as a goat over a wall; to leap, start up and fly. Lekei is a c o m m o n variant, lehelehe. 1. L i p s ; labia of v a g i n a ; language ( K i n . 11.1; obs.), mouth of the iheihe net. F o r figurative use cf. lehelehe ki'i, lehelehe nui, lehe 'oi. 2. Redup. of lehe, 2. l e h f l e h e . F a t , bulging w i t h f a t , unwieldy. Obs. lehelehel. R e d u p . of lehei.

£

l e h e l e h e - ' I l l o . Same as lepe-o-Hina,

seaweeds.

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l e h e l e h e k i ' i . Indolent talker; to d o nothing but talk. Lit., image lips, h o ' o l e h e l e h e k i ' i . Causative/simulative. Ku ho'olehelehe ki'i i ka mahina'ai a Nüke'e, standing like a loose-lipped i m a g e in the garden of T w i s t - m o u t h [doing nothing but talk|.

lehelehe nul. l . Thick lips, ho'olehelehe nul. Sullen, obstinate, sulky, pouting. 2. A v a r i e t y of sweet potato. ( H P 142.)

lehe luhe. Pouting lip.

l e h e ' o i . Sharp-lipped, an epithet o f t e n applied to P e l e because she devoured e v e r y t h i n g in her path; sharp-tongued, of one who makes cutting remarks. l e h l a . Skilled expert, as in fishing, l e h i w a . Admirable, a t t r a c t i v e ; t o admire. Ku'u pua lehiwa o ke kau (song), m y l o v e l y blossom of the summer, l e h o . X. General name for c o w r y shell; they were used as squid lures. Moe a leho, lie still as a c o w r y shell, as to escape detection. 2. Callus, as on shoulders f r o m carrying h e a v y loads. 3. Covetous. Cf. maka leho. l e h o - a h l . A species of c o w r y (Cypraea mauritiana). Lit., fire cowry, l e h o - k f i l e a . A species of cowry (Cypraea maculifera, C. mauritiana). Lit., kolea bird c o w r y , perhaps so called because its brown streaks suggest the kolea bird, l e h o - k u p a . T h e serpent-head c o w r y (Cyprae caputserpentis). Lit., native cowry. l e h o - k Q p e ' e - l i m a . A species of c o w r y shell (Cypraea isabella), used f o r bracelets, küpe'e lima. l e h o l e h o . X. Kedup. of leho, 2. 2. Potbellied, l e h o - l e l . Same as leho-puna, sometimes used in leis. l e h o - m a o l l . T h e c o m m o n dotted, brown c o w r y . Lit., genuine c o w r y . l e h o - n u k u . A cowry with the extremities drawn out, a beaked c o w r y , such as Cypraea cicércula var. tricornis; somotimes used in leis. l e h o - ' O k a l a . A species of c o w r y (Cypraea granulata). Lit., rough c o w r y . l e h o - ' O m a ' o . A greenish c o w r y (diseased cowries sometimes turn green), l e h o ' O p u l e . A species of c o w r y (Cypraea helvola). Lit., variegated c o w r y ,

leho 'Opu'upu'u. Same as leho-'Okala. Lit.,

bumpy or rough c o w r y , l e h o - p a ' a . A c o w r y of a solid color, as Cypraea mauritiana. l e h o - p a l a o a . Same as leho-puna, but w i t h a yellow hue. Lit., i v o r y c o w r y , l e h o - p & u h u . Cowries, as Cypraea arenosa, C. carneóla. l e h o - p o u l l . A very dark-brown c o w r y ( M a u r i t i a mauritiana). l e h o p u l u . Earth-clinging rainbow. Also uakoko. Lit., wet c o w r y shell. l e h o - p u n a . A white money c o w r y (Cypraea moneta). Lit., coral c o w r y , l e h o - ' u a l a . A rare dark-yellow money c o w r y (Cypraea moneta). Lit., sweet-potato c o w r y , l e h o - ' u l a . T h e rare and highly prized red c o w r y , l e h u . X. Ashes; ash-colored, as a chicken. Lehu ane, fine ashes. PBpoki lehu, gray cat. La Hapala Lehu, A s h Wednesday, h o ' o l e h u . T o reduce t o ashes. (Perhaps P P N refu, P M P Dabuk.) 2. A v a r i e t y of sugar cane, probably recently introduced, extensively planted by Hawailans. T h e stunted mature stalks look dead except f o r their green leaves. A gray to green-brown frostedlooking cane covered with hairs; pith greenwhite ; both sides of leaves bearing long scattered hairs. ( H P 224, 225.) 3. T h e number 400,000; numerous, v e r y many. C f . lehulehu. l e h u a . X. T h e flower of the 'Shi'a tree ( M e t r o sideros macropus, M. collina); also the tree It-

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-1 e h u a

self; t h e tehua is t h e flower of t h e island of Hawaii, f a m o u s in song and tale. Fig., a warrior, a beloved friend or relative, a sweetheart, an expert. T h e p l a n t has m a n y forms, f r o m tall trees to low shrubs, leaves round to narrow and b l u n t or pointed and s m o o t h or woolly. T h e flowers are red, rarely salmon, pink, yellow, or white. T h e wood is hard, good for flooring and furniture, formerly used for images, spears, mallets. (Neal 581.) Ku ma ka lehua, ceremonial hanging of offering, as of banana, pig. or man. to i m p a r t mana to an 'ohi'a-lehua tree, especially one t h a t is to be m a d e into a temple image. 2 . Laden, as a lehua tree with beautiful blossoms. Ke hele la ka papa 'aina a ua alVi nei a lehua, t h e feast table of this afore-mentioned chief was beautifully supplied. 3. Rainbowcolored mother-of-pearl shell used for Ashing lure. 4. A variety of taro, used for red poi. 6. Globe a m a r a n t h (Gomphrena globosa). Also called lehua-mau-loa, lei-hua. 6. A variety of y a m ; t h e stem has red wings and t h e t u b e r has light pinkish flesh. ( H P 168 ). 7. (Cap.) N a m e or t h e small island beyond Niihau. A breeze is named for this island. 8. Passive/imperative of lehu, I. - l e h u a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l e h u a . Swift, strong, l e h u a - ' a h l h l . A variety of lehua (Metrosideros tremuloides), noted in songs and c h a n t s of N u ' u - a n u Valley, Oahu. l e h l i a - ' a p a n e . A kind of lehua tree bearing dark-red flowers, l e h u a - ' e l e ' e l e . A variety of t a r o : corra white or slightly pink; m a y be a sport or not of t r u e lehua. Lit., black lehua. l e h u a - h a ' a k e a . Same, as lehua-puakea. Lit., white lehua. l e h u a h & m a u . Poetic reference to t h e lehua tree. Lit., silent lehua, so called because birdcatchers were silent when snaring birds on branches of this tree and this activity was taboo, l e h u a - h a o l e . Red- or white-flowered species of Calliandra shrubs f r o m various parts of America. (Neal 354.) Lit., foreign lehua. l e h u a h l . Ashes. Lit., Are ash. l e h u a - k a h l k l . Clover. Lit., foreign lehun. l e h u a - k e a . Same as lehua-puakea. l e h u a - k e ' o k e ' o . A variety of t a r o called waia-kca in Kona, Hawaii. Lit., white lehua. L e h u a - k o n a . Star in t h e Milky Way, perhaps Antares. Lit., south lehua flower, l e h u a - k u - t - k a - w a o . A variety of pink lehua taro. Lit., lehua standing in t h e uplands. I e h u a - k u - k u a h l w l . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) Lit., hill-standing lehua taro. l e h u a - k u - m a - k u a . A form of 'ohi'a-lehua with sessile c o r d a t e leaves. l e h u a - l a u - U ' l . A f o r m of 'ohi'a-lehua tree with very small leaves. Lit., small-leafed lehua. I e h u a - m a k a - ' l ' l . A variety of taro. (1IP 33.) Lit., small-eyed lehua. l e h u a - m a k a - n o e . Shrub a few to several inches high (Metrosideros collina spp. polymorpha var. pumila), f o u n d in some Hawaiian bogs, as in Alaka'i Swamp, Kauai, with leaves and flowers like those of lehua. (Neal S61.) Also called lehua-ne'ene'e. Lit., lehua with misty face, l e h u a - m a m o . A f o r m of 'ohi'a-lehua tree with ellow flowers. Lit., momo-bird lehua, so called ecause t h e mamo has yellow feathers, l e h u a - m a u - l o a . Globe a m a r a n t h (Gomphrena globosa). Lit., everlasting lehua, so called because its flowers when used in lets do not wilt. Also called lehua-pepa, lei-hua. l e h u a n e . Ash dust. l e h u a - n e ' e n e ' e . Same as lehua-nene'e, lehuamaka-noe. Lit., spreading lehua. l e h u a - ' O n l ' o n l ' o . A variety of taro. ( H P 33.) Lit., s p o t t e d lehua. l e h u a - p a l a ' I ' l . A variety of taro, of c o m m o n upland culture in Kona, Hawaii. T h e p l a n t Is

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short to medium, slender, with lilac-purple corm flesh and d a r k green petioles; used for poi. Also called pala'i'i, l e h u a - p a p a . A native s h r u b or small tree (Metrosideros rugosa), found in high forests of t h e Ko'olau Range, Oahu, and distinguished by its rounded, leathery, grooved leaves, l e h u a - p e p a . Same as lehua-mau-loa. Lit., paper lehua, so called because t h e t e x t u r e of the flowers and t h e f a c t t h a t they do n o t wilt suggest paper. l e h u a - p u a k e a . A form of 'ohi'a-lehua tree with white flowers, l e h l l l e h u . M u l t i t u d e , crowd, great number, t h e public; numerous, very m a n y . No ka pono o ka lehulehu, for the welfare of t h e public, h o ' o l e h u l e h u . T o m a k e a m u l t i t u d e ; to increase into many, l e h u l l ' U* White-hot, as oven stones, l e h u p e l e . Volcanic ash. l e h u u i l a . Flashes of lightning; t o flash, l e h u ' u l a . Red ashes; reddish d u s t or dirt, lei. 1. Lei, garland, wreath; necklace of flowers, leaves, shells, ivory, feathers, or paper, given as a symbol of affection; beads; any o r n a m e n t worn around t h e head or a b o u t the neck; t o wear a lei; special song presenting a lei; crown; ring around a d r a k e ' s neck; yoke, as for joining d r a f t animals, especially oxen. Fig., a beloved child, wife, husband, sweetheart, younger sibling. Cf. lei palaoa. Kana lei, his lei (to give away or sell). Kona lei, his lei (to wear). Leilani (name), royal child. Uhene ahahana ka'u lei na'u ia (song), oh joy, oh boy, she's m y darling, h o ' o l e i . T o p u t a lei on oneself or on someone else; to crown. 2. To leap, fling, toss, spring forward; to rise, as a cloud. (Nah. 10.11.) Usually used with ho'o-. h o ' o l e l . To cast, throw, toss, pitch; to stretch. Ka ho'olei wawae 'ana, marking time. Ho'olei wale, to throw away wastefully, heedlessly, uselessly. Ho'olei wale no i ke kala i na le.'ale'a lapuwalc, merely throwing away money on worthless pleasures. Ua ho'olei mai me ko lakou waha (Hal. 59.7), they belch out with their mouth. Ho'olei loa, to throw completely away, to throw far. Ho'olei loa akula na wawae o Na-maka-o-kahai a pololei (For. 4:69), N a - m a k a - o - k a h a i stretches her legs out straight. Pupu'u ho'olei loa, to arrive with astonishing spend: to leave and arrive in no time a t all: lit., crouch fling far. Ho'oho ho'olei, far-flung shout. 16*1. Crowded; full. Rare. See ipu le'i, pua le'i. Ll'x Kohala i ka nuku na kanaka (For, 5:443), Kohala is crowded to t h e very mouth with people [a saying referring to t h e astonishment of M a u i invaders of Kohala, Hawaii, who, cont r a r y to t h e report of their intelligence, found Kohala crowded with people}, l e i a . Passive/imperative of lex, 1, t. Ke leia maila no e Kapi'o-lani, a lei is being worn by Kapi'o-lani. - l e l a . (With ho'o-) H o ' o l e l a . (a) N a m e of a star. Cb) (Not cap.) Passive/imperative of ho'olei. l € ' l a . A b u n d a n c e ; full. Cf. le'i. He moku le'ia, a district of a b u n d a n c e , lei Lei for t h e neck; nccktie, scarf, neckerchief. Fig., beloved person, especially m a t e or child. Lit., neck lei. lei a l l ' I . Royal lei, chief's lei, crown (Hoik. 4.4), diadem. l e ' I e . Same as hala-pepe, a tree, l e i - h a l a . 1. Design used in plaiting or on tapas, consisting of a series of inverted triangles, suggestive of a hala lei. 2« A variety of eel. See puhi-lei-hala. lei h a l a . Lei m a d e principally or solely of pand a n u s keys, sometimes considered bad luck because hala, p a n d a n u s , also means to pass away, t o fail. lei h o a k a . Necklace m a d e of crescent-shaped (hoaka) hog's tusks, usually naturally so shaped,

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— but sometimes carved; a pendant of a single crescent-shaped tooth, l e l - h u a . Same as lehua-mau-loa. Lit., fruit lei, so called because the flowers are round like a fruit. Iel taulu. F e a t h e r lei. formerly worn by royalty. Fig., dearly beloved child or choice person, lei k & m o e . F e a t h e r lei with feathers tightly folded together so t h a t it suggests a rope, in contrast with t h e flat lei papa.

lelklnl. Var. of laikini. Eng.

IelkG. Let go .Eng. Usually used as follows: leikS ka 'anaka, let go the anchor, l e i k o l o n a ( k o r o n a ) . Rosary, prayer beads. Lit., crown (Eng.) lei. Iel k u k u l . Lei of candlenut seeds, lei l e h o . Lei of cowry shells, l e i l e l . 1. T o wear a lei or leis. 'O wai keia e leilei maila? Who is t h a t wearing a lei there? 2 . Redup. of lei, 2. h o ' o l e l l e l . Redup. of ho'olei-, to scatter, toss about, swing, dandle, as a b a b y ; to juggle; juggling, l e i n a . Spring, leap, bound; place to leap from. Leina-a-ke-akua, place where the spirits leaped into the nether world; lit., leap of t h e gods. Leina-a-ka-'uhane (a place namo on every island), place where spirits leaped into the nether world; lit., leap of the soul, h o ' o l e i n a . S a m e as leina .; place to throw things, as a trash heap. Kaho'oleina-pe'a (place on Kauai), place where kites are flown. Ho'oleina moka ( D a n . 3.29), dung heap. - l e l n a m o a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l e l n a m o a . Couch (probably from ho'oleina moe, place to sleep). Obs.

-lelna-wao.

(With ho'o-) ho'olelna-wao. A

variety of wild taro. Lit., ness.

thrown [into] wilder-

lelnekla, Ielnedla, lelnadla. Reindeer. Eng. Iel nlho 'Illo. Dog-tooth necklace. Iel Utho palaoa. Same as lei palaoa. lel'O. Var. of Wo. l e i o a . Tall. thin. (I'H 83.) Cf.

lel'oa. Var. of lei'o.

Iel 'O'a.

paioa.

Seo 'B'a. I e l - o - H l ' i - a k a . A small native tree (Pelea elliptica) related to the mokihana. Iel o l o . 1. Dog-tooth lei. 2 . Same as 'ana, pumice stone used for medicine and for polishing, l e l o m a n o . A weapon, a large shark tooth set in a piece of wood about two and a half inches long, with a string loop for attaching to t h e finger (probably from lei o manB, a shark's lei), l e l - o - m a n u . A hold used in lua fighting. Lit., leaping of bird. Iel ' o n l . S a m e as lei pani'o. Lit., lei with movements. Iel ' 6 p u ' u . Whale-tooth pendant t h a t tapers down to a point, rather than being hook-shaped, as t h e lei palaoa-, especially worn by Oahu chiefs. Lit., bud lei. l e l o w l . Tuberculosis, consumption. Iel p & l a h a l a h a . Same as lei papa. Iel p a l a o a . Ivory pendant, originally probably whale's tooth, rarely of stone or wood, later also of walrus tusk; necklace of beads of whale's teeth; today, any pendant shaped like t h e old whale-tooth pendant, such as or beef bone. Lit., ivory lei. Iel pani'o. Lei with spiral designs of various colors, as of feather leis. Lit., spotted, motley lei. Same as lei 'oni. Iel p a p a . F l a t lei. as for a h a t ; any lei on a flat surface, especially a feather lei. Cf. lei k&moe. Iel p & p a h l . Adornment of several leis, usually both on head and around neck. Lit., decorative lei. Iel p a u k O . Lei with sections of varying colors. Lit., link lei.

lele

— Iel paukQkfl. Var. of lei pauku. Iel p & w e h e . Same as lei

let plkl. See piki.

Iel plpipi. See pipipi,

pauku.

1.

Iel p o ' o . Lei worn on the head (po'o). Iel papa. Shell lei. 16'lwl. 1 . Same as le'i. 2 . A kind of canoe with a flat manu. Iel wlllvvlll. Pendant carved of wiliwili wood; lei of wiliwili seeds, l e k a . 1. Sticky, slimy, as mucus. Cf. pilalilali, pilekaleka. 2 . L e t t e r ; to write a letter. Eng. Ua ho'ea mai ka'u leka, my letter has come [either the one I wrote or the one received]. 3 . Leek. Eng. (Nah. 11.5.) I e k e . 1 . Come. Obs. E leke mai, come. 2 . Also

lede. Lady. Eng.

lekel. Var. of llhei. lekema, lesema. Ligure. (Puk. 28.19.)

L S k C m a p a . December. Eng. Also Kekimapa. I e k e o n a , l e g e o n a . Legion; a large number (Mar. 5.9, 15); used figuratively of one possessed by the devil or intoxicated. Oia inu mai no, a noho 'ia e ka Iekeona, just drinking until possessed by a legion, l e k l . T a p e for dress trimming. (Eng., lace.) l e k l a . T o covet. Obs. Ua lekia aku 'oia i ka ha'i wahine, he covets someone else's wife,

lekimana (reglmana) koa. Regiment. Eng.

l € k d . W a t e r cress (Nasturtium officinale). l i k O - ' e l e ' e l e . A variety of water cress with dark stems and leaves. Lit., black leko. I S k O - k e ' o k e ' o . A variety of water cress, said to be light green. Lit., white liko.

lekue, legue. League. Eng. lekuke. Lettuce. Eng.

l e l e . 1 . T o fly, jump, leap, hop, swing, bounce, burst forth; to sail through the air, as a meteor; to rush out, as to a t t a c k ; to get out of, as from a c a r ; to land, disembark, as from a cauoe; to undertake; to move, as stars in the sky; to move, as in checkers; a jump, leap, a t t a c k . Cf. ha'alele, hauli. Mea lele. flyer, aviator. Kanaka lele, angel [old name]. Lele maila ia uwe (For. 5:23), tears poured forth. Ua lele ka hanu o Moa, M o a ' s breath has departed [he has died]. I hewa no ia 'oe i kajele mua. it is your fault for attacking first. ' A m a m a , ua noa, lele wale (For. 5 : 4 1 3 ) , finished, free of taboo, fly on [of t h e taboo and prayer], h o ' o l e l e . T o cause to fly; to fly, as a kite; to disembark; to embark, as on a project; to palpitate, as the heart; to enlarge or project, as pictures. Trans. Cf. hauli. Ho'olele leo, radio broadcast, ventriloquism, ventriloquist. Ho'olele hua kepau, to set type. Ki'i ho'olele. enlargement of a picture. Mea ho'olele leo, microphone. Mea ho'olele ki'i, picture projector. E ho'olele mai i na kanaka, disembark t h e people. 2 . Contagious, as of disease. 3 . Windblown, of the rain. Cf. leleaka, lele ua. Ua lele ku'i lua, hard-beating wind-blown rain. Ua lele uli, gloomy or heavy wind-blown rain. 4 . Separate, detached, as a leaf separated from a plant for ceremonials. 5 . A detached part or lot of land belonging to one 'ili, but located in another 'ili. 6 . Hula step: the dancer walks forward, lifting up the rear heel with each step, with slight inward movement; sometimes with t h e 'uwehe step with each foot forward. T h i s can also be done backwards. 7 . An interval of music, always followed by a number from one to seven, especially lele kolu, an interval of a third, as from C to E , or lele lima, an interval of a fifth. Minor intervals are followed by hapa, as lele kolu hapa, an interval of a minor third. Lele may also be followed by pa- and a number, to skip t h a t number of notes. Lele in this sense also occurs as a verb, to sing thus. 8. T o dry up, of t h e breasts; to _have passed the menopause. Ua lele ka waiu o Loika, Lois' breasts have ceased to contain milk. 9 . T o shrink, as

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lele l u a . 1. An interval of a second in music. Cf. lele, 7. 2. To leap twice, lele lupe. To rise and fall, as the forepart of canoe outrigger (lupe). Fig., the rise and subsidence of emotion, -lele lupe. (With ho'o-) bo'olele lupe. To fly kites. l e l e m u . A slowpoke; slow, sluggish, disinclined to get up. lelemfl. To seize victims for sacrifice, lelco. Redup. of leo. lele'ol. Excessive, very great. Lit., excessive leap. Ua lele'oi ka loa'a mamua o ka mea i mana'o 'ia, the gain went beyond expectations. Ua lele'oi kona na'auuo i loko o ka papa, his knowledge is way beyond that of his class, lele 6'6. To leap or plunge into water foet first. Lit., piercing leap. lele ' o p u . To dive feet first into water without making a splash. Also lele a 'opu. Fig., unfavorable (For. 6:59). lele'opflhl. To leap obliquely into the water from a height. (UL 102.) Same as lele pahi'a. See pahi'a. lelepa. One who jumps over a fence; to fence jump. Fig., noncomformer; one who cannot be restrained, especially regarding the opposite sex. O ko pa la, 'o lelepa (For. 5:337), your sty there is one easily vaulted, lele p a - . Singing intervals in music (pa is followed by a number). Cf. lele, 7. lele pahfl. To leap into water with a splash: as this was considered poor diving, the expression may refer figuratively to any poor performance; to leap and land with a thud, lele pallani. To praise, exalt, extol extravagantly or excessively (stronger than pailani, to praise). lele pall. To leap or fall off a cliff ; to practice the ancient sport of leaping from a precipice into water. lelepau. 1. To trust completely. 2. To apply oneself to, concentrate wholly on. Ielepe. 1. Toothed, sharp-pointed design, as in tapa. 2. Same as lepelepe, 2, wattles, lelepl. To fly into a rage at the slightest provocation; to lose one's temper; hot-tempered. Lit., jump [at a] drop, lele p h i a ' i . To run with a rope around a coconut tree, and when going very fast, to lift the foet off the ground. Lit., repeated leaps, leleplnao. To swing on a koali vine. Lit., dragonfly leap. l e l e - p l n a u . Game said to resemble konane. (AP.) lele pio. To run away in defeat; to avoid capture, as a thief. Lit., to flee capture, lele pl'o. To fly or jump in a curve; to fly as a comet through the sky. lelepo. 1. Same as lepolepo, dirty. 2. Probably another species of Codium. similar in appearance to 'a'ala-'ula, a seaweed. lele-pO. A species of night-flying (lele po) mdlolo, flying flsh. leleponl. To die suddenly, as by stroke or accident. Cf. ka'iliponi. lele pono. To jump carefully. Fig., to live a happy life; to transact business justly; to rise rapidly to success, lelepo'o. To dive headfirst, lele p u n l . 1. A full tone in the musical scale. 2. A game said to resemble konane. leleu. Name of a fruitful tree (no data). (AP.) leled. Word said to describe sexual relations. (AP.) lele u a . Wind-blown rain. Lele-ull. Name of a gusty, wintry wind, lele uli. To dispel darkness; to purify or cleanse, as in a religious ceremony.

clothes. 10. Sacrificial altar or stand. 11. A tall variety of wild banana (Aiusa sapientum), formerly planted near the altar dele). It was offered to the gods and used for love magic. Its essence was thought to fly (lele) to the gods. It was used for weaning (cf. lele, 8): the banana was placed near the child with appropriate prayers in order to obtain the god's consent for weaning. This banana was taboo to women. 13. Type of fish (no data). (KL line 161.) lelea. Prayer uttered by a priest as a chief drinks kava, so that the essence of the kava will fly (lele) to the gods, lele'ft. A marine creature (no data). (PH 121.) leleaaka. To hang, suspend, carry on the back, as a child or load. (AP.) leleaka, leleleaka. Light wind-blown rain or mist. Obs. L e l e - a k a . Milky Way. leleaoa. Flying away in groups, as migratory birds; to fly thus; to sail, as a canoe fleet, lele ' a o ' a o . To leap sideways; to shy, as a horse. lele 'e. To speak prematurely or before one is spoken to; to jump to conclusions. 'A'ole i pau ka'u wehewehe 'ana, 'o kou lele 'e no ka ho'i ia, my explanation was not finished and there you had already leaped to a conclusion, leleha. Redup. of leha, I, i. lele h a u l l . See hauli. lele b o ' o k a u . 1. Altar to place (ho'okau) things on, as sacrifices, especially a temporary altar, 2. Peak, top of a peak, lelehu. Same as molelehu, 1, Z. lelehua. A good thinker, planner; skillful. Obs. lelehuna, lelehu ne. Fine Hiiul-blown rain spray, dust, mist; to fall as fine rain, lele'lno. To spring or leap violently, as in an attack or fright; to rush violently. Lit., to fly evil. lele ' l o m o . Same as lele kawa. lelelona. 1. Shark-sucker, remora (Echeneidae spp.); it clings to large fish, such as swordfish, marlin, bonito, shark. 2. Fidgety, foolish, restless. 3. (Cap.) Milky Way. lelelwl. 1. Ornamental carved figurehead on a bowsprit. (Malo 131.) 2. A kind of shark, possibly thresher, reported by Hyde (no data), lele kawa. To leap feet first from a cliff into water without splashing or into (at Ka'u) soft earth. Papa lele kawa, diving board. Lele kawa o Kaumaea, sport of leaping over earth banks, at Kaumaea, Ka'u. lelekC. To leap here and there, lio'olelekf. A game of tossing ti leaves into Malama Crater at Puna, Hawaii, and dedicating them to Kamoho-ali'i. lelekepue. Hard volcanic rock, as used for adzes, lele k o a ' e . 1. Flight of tropic birds; to fly like a tropic bird. Fig., sheer, steep. 2. Name for kauwa, outcasts, lele koali. To swing: to jump rope; swinging on a koali vine rope, an ancient sport, lele koke. To leap suddenly, immediately. Fig., short-tempered, excitable, quick to fight, lele kolu. See lele, 7. L e l e - k u ' I - l u a . Name of a strong, wintry wind, lelele. Redup. of lele, 1; to beat swiftly, as the heart; to frisk, hop about; inconstant, promiscuous; at intervals, here and there. Lelele i ka hau'oli, to leap for joy. Lelele ka'o'ilii ka meahou, the heart leaps at the news. IIolo lelele i ka lio, to bounce, bump on a horse, leleiele. Same as lelele. -lele leo. See lele, 1. lele l i m a . See lele, 7. lele loa. Completely severed, as a part of the body in fighting. (For. 5.59.)

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— lepelepe-o-Hina lelewa. 1. Redup. of lewa, 2. 2. Hangers-on about a chief; parasitic persons. 3. {Cap.) Var. of lewalewa, 3, Gilbertese. l e l e - w a ' a . A shark listed by Kamakau, perhaps the friendly shark that was said to lean (kalele) on canoe outriggers for food and company, lele w a ' a . Transferring at sea f r o m canoe to canoe or canoe to surfboard for the sport of surfing to shore. Lit., canoe leaping, lele w a l . T o purge, cleanse, purify with water of purification, lele wale. T o fly, jump, move of one's own accord or for no reason; in ancient prayers, to speed on. as a prayer to a god. 'Amama, ua noa, lele wale (For. 5:413), the prayer is finished, the taboo is lifted; go, prayer [or: the taboo is lifted and quite departed], lele w a l o . Loud, distant c r y ; to call loudly, lele w a w a l o . Redup. of lele walo-, to reverberate, as an echo. lele w e l u w e l u . T o r n to shreds; broken up and scattered. lelo. 1. Tongue (short for alelo, elelo). 2. Yellowish, especially the hue imparted to a whaletooth pendant (lei palaoa) by smoking, lelolelo. Redup. of lelo, 2. l e m l . Lemon, lime. Eng. Wai lemi, lemonade, limeade. l e m l - w a l . A kind of water lemon or sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis), with heartshaped leaves; good-tasting fruits, two to three inches long, ovoid, orange to purplish. Also called lani-wai, lemona. (Neal 524.) l e m o n a . Var. of lemi-wai. Eng. l e m u . 1. Buttocks. E 'eu ka lemu, get moving. 2. Slow-moving, sluggish; lagging, l e m u ' l . Rubbish scattered by flood rains. Obs. l e m u k u . Broken off short, as a pole; to start out to do something anil not finish it. Hele akula keia, a lemuku ihola, he starts out and then cuts off [the project]. l e m u k t l . One who sits around doing nothing, a term or reproach; also said to refer to a woman who is sexually unattractivo. Lit., standing buttocks, l e m u l e m u . Same as lelemu. lena. 1. Yellow, yellowish; jaundice; bile. ( P P N renga, P M P lenga.) 2. Var. name for the 'olena or turmeric plant. 3. T o stretch out, as to d r y ; to draw tight, as a belt; to sight or aim; to bend, as a bow. Intrans. Lena ka maka, to stare threateningly. Lena_ no lakou i ko lakou mau alelo, e like me ko lakou kakaka, no ka wahahe'e (Ier. 9.3), they bend their tongues like their bows for lies, h o ' o l e n a . T o stretch; to pull back, as a bow. Trans. 4. L a z y , idle. Cf. le, lolena. 5. (Cap.) N a m e of a star, l e n a l e n a . Redup. of lena. leneklla, lenetila. Lentils. (Ezek. 4.9.) Eng. leo. Voice, tone, tune, sound, command, advice, syllable, plea, verbal message; to speak, make a sound. Cf. leoleo, leo 'ole. Kona leo, his voice. Kana leo, his tune. Ka leo o ke kai, the sound of the sea. I ali'i no 'oe, i kanaka au, malalo aku au o ko leo (hula song), you be the chief, I the servant, 1 shall be obedient to your command. le'o. 1. L o f t y , tall, high. Cf. 'ale'o, turret. 2. A variety of taro that cannot be eaten either cooked or as fresh poi without throat irritation. A f t e r fermentation, however, the poi is tasty, leo h o ' o n a n l . Song of praise, hymn, leo lkl. A low voice, leo k&ne. M a l e voice, bass, leo k&ne k l ' e k l ' e . Tenor. Lit., high male voice, leokanl. Vowel. Lit., voiced sound, l e o k a n l p f l . Consonant. Lit., sound said together [so called because a consonant in Hawaiian is pronounced with a following vowel].

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leokfi. Song sung to an audience. See examples below. Lit., standing voico. leokO p i h a . Quartet. l e o k o pak&hl. Solo. Lit., single standing speech, l e o k a p a k o l u , leoktk p a p a k o l u . Trio. Lit., triple standing speech. leokQ p a i u a . Duet. Lit., double standing speech, l e ' o l a n l . L o f t y , tall; chiefly height, rank, leoleo. T o speak loudly, vociferously, angrily; to wail, as for the dead, le'ole'o. 1. Redup. of le'o, 1. 2. Children's leaping game. Obs. - l e ' o l e ' o . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l e ' o l e ' o , hOIe'ole'o. Agitated, stormy, tempestuous; rising and falling, as waves; disturbing, confusing; uneven, as a pavement or a wrinkled mat. leoleow&, leoleoa. Speaking loudly; boisterous; to speak in a loud, noisy fashion, leo l u a . Duet; to sing in twos; two voices, leo m a n a . Voice of authority. E hele aku 'oe ia Palani, he leo mana kona, go to Frank, his orders are heeded, leo m e l e . Song tune; notes on the scale, leo n u l . Loud voice; to speak loudly, leo ' o k o ' a . Sounds, as in a language. Lit., separate speech, leo 'ole. Uncomplaining, agreeable; considerate of feelings of others; giving generously. Lit., no voice. leo p a ' a . Deaf-mute, dumb person. (Isa. 35.6.) Lit., held voice. leopaki, leopadl. Leopard. (Ier. 5.0.) Eng. leo pill a k u . A c t i v e voice, in grammar. Lit., voice referring elsewhere, leo pill ' l a m a l . Passive voice. Lit., voice referred to. leo 'uwO. Bass notes. Lit., bellowing voice, roar, leo w a e n a . Second treble, middle voice, leo w a h l n e . Soprano, soprano voice, feminine voice. lepa. 1. Flag, ensign; tapa cloth on end of a stick, as used to mark a taboo area. Cf. kalepa. 2. Same as lepe, 1: hem. (Puk. 28. 33.) 3. Var. of kepa, notched. 4. Rare var. of lepe, cockscomb. l e p a b Q . T o lose courage, give up (contraction of lele, to fly, and pahu, to thud). Lepahu wale iho no ka mana'o, the idea was given up. l e p a l e p a . 1. Redup. of lepa, 1, 2, 3\ to hang in fringes or tatters. 2. Same as lepa, hlepe. 1. H e m or fringe, as of a garment; any loose attachment, as of torn cloth or torn flesh. Nohae mai nei ku'u lole a lepe, my dress was torn and a piece hung loose. Cf. lepa, 1, 2; 'ulepe. h o ' o l e p e . T o cut, tear; to stir, as water. 2. Rooster comb; turkey wattles, lepea. Passive/imperative of lepe. l e p e ' a . T o twist, as the arm. l e p e - a - m o a . Cockscomb (Celosia argentea var. cristata), an ornamental tropical herb, bearing flowers crowded either on narrow spikes, or in large, plumed clusters, or in odd-shaped, crested combs, the colors including white, yellow, pink, red, and purple. (Neal 285.) Lit., comb acquired by a chicken, lepeka, lepeta. M i t e . (Luk. 21.2.) ISpela, lepera. Leprosy, leper; leprous (Oihk. 13.2). Formerly only leprosy, and not leper. Eng. lepelepe. 1. Redup. of lepe, 1; fringed. 2. W a t tles. 3. Labia minor. 4. Same sis lepelepe-o-Hina. l e p e l e p e - a - m o a . All species of Selaginella, small club mosses; used for leis, braided with rosebuds. (Neal 9.) l e p e l e p e - o - H i n a . 1. Monarch butterfly (Danaida plexippus); Kamehameha butterfly. 2. Nudibranchia. Cf. Ed. 180-185. 3. Same as lepe-o-Hina, 1, a seaweed.

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l e w a l a n l l e w a . L o w e r atmosphere, just a l o v e the lewa ho'omakua. l e w a l e w a . 1. Redup. of lewa, 2. KulapepHao lewalewa, dangling earrings. Keiki ma'i Uwalewa, boy before the age of puberty who did not wear a malo; lit., child dangling genital, h o ' o l e w a l e w a . ( a ) Same as lewalewa; to c&use t o dangle, (b) Kind of fish net suspended from a canoe in the deep sea. Also maiewa. 2. Unconcealed penis of a hoy, usually called na'i lewalewa. 3. (Cap.) Nickname for Gilbertese, because their stretched ear lobes dangled, l e w a n u ' u . Space in the heavens lower than the lewa lani; atmosphere reached by birds, l e w a w a l o . T o run calling (probably a contraction of lele wawalo). l e w l a k a n a , l e v l a t a n a . Leviathan. (Ioba 41.1.) Eng.

lGpelo, l e p e r o . Same as lepela (formerly only leper). Eng. l e p e l u a . A turncoat; unfaithful. Obs. l e p e - o - I I t n a . l . A. red seaweed (Halymenia formosa), with a wide, thin, branching thallus. Also called lehelehe- 'ilio, lepelepe-o-Hina, limupepe-o-Hina, pa'u-o-Hi'i-aka. 2. Var. name for pa'u-o-Hi'i-aka, a seaweed. 3. Same as lepelepeo-Hina, a butterfly, l e p e u l u . Split or crack in wood, running with the grain. Obs. l e p o . 1. Dirt, earth, ground, filth, excrement (euphemism); dirty, soiled. Fig., common people (For. 6:391). Hana lepo, stools, excreta; to excrete. 2. Var. of lipo, 1. l e p o h a n a t . Dirt; rubbish carried to a pit, as to a compost pit. Lit., fed dirt, l e p o h a o . Rust. Lit., iron dirt, l e p o k & w l l l . A d o b e ; clay. (Isa. 41.25.) Lit., mixed earth, l e p o k l ' a h a . Potter's clay. Lit., cup dirt, l e p o k l l h u e . T y p e of clay. Lit., solidifying dirt, l e p o l e p o . Dirty, turbid; contaminated, as water,

Lewlka, Levlta. Levites. Eng.

II. 1. Chills; to have chills; to tremble with cold shuddery feeling of horror. Cf. hulili. Li ka 'ili, 11 ka To, to have goose flesh. Pi'i ka li, to get chills. 2. Lace, as of shoes; to lace or tie. Cf. II kaliki, li kama'a. E h mai i ke kamaa o La'a-kea, tie La'akea's shoes. 3. T o hang, gird; to furl or reef, as a sail. ( P P N lili, P M P lilit.) 4. Third note in musical scale, mi. 1I-. A prefix to many kinds of seaweeds, short f o r limu. 11a. 1. Var. of liha, 1. ( P P N liha, P M P 7i[n]sa.) 2. Var. of li, 1. l l ' a . Strong desire, yearning; to wish for ardently. l i a ' a k l m a l a l a . Rear admiral. Eng. II a n u . Cool chill. l l ' a p u . A variety of taro (no data). ( H P 33.) I t ' a - w a h l n e . Kukui blossoms used as medicine, named for a woodland goddess. Lit., female desire. l i h a . 1. N i t , louse egg. Also Ha. ( P P N lisa, P M P 2i[n]sa.) 2. Same as liliha\ dreadful, fearful. l l h a l i h a . 1. Same as liliha, 1. Lihaliha wale ke moni akula (song about fish), so wonderfully rich to swallow. 2. Redup. of liha, 1; many nits. U h a l l h a u . Redup. of lihau, 1. Makulu ka noe, lihalihau, dripping fog, cool and damp, l i h a u . 1. Gentle cool rain that was considered lucky for fishermen ( U L 241); moist and fresh, as plants in the dew or rain; cool, fresh, as dewladen air. Onaona ke 'ala o ka maile i ka lihau 'ia e ka ua noe (song), sweet fragrance of the maile, kept fresh and moist by the misty rain. Lihau mai nei 'oe, you are freshly adorned as the cool dew-laden plants. 2. A variety of sweet potato (no data). ( H P 142.) l l h e . Rare var. of liha. 1. l l h e l l h e . Redup. of like.

lepo lo'l. Taro-patch mud. l e p o m a n o a n o a . Clay. Lit., thick dirt, l e p o n a l o . 1. A euphemism for kukaenalo: wax; mole; muslin. 2. A kind of seaweed. l e p o - n C n £ . Same as ' ai-a-ka-nene, a plant, l e p o - p a ' a . Hard earth; constipation, l e p o p e l e . Match, sulphur (euphemism for kukaepele). Lit., volcanic dirt, l e p o p o h O . Marshy ground, marsh, mire (Ioba 8.11). l e p o ' u l a ' u l a . Red earth. Fig., people interrelated for generations (obs.). l e p o u l l . Ashes of certain woods mixed with water, as for medicine. Lit., dark earth, l e p u . Hare. (1843 Bible, Kanl. 14.7.)

lepupalika, repuballka. Republic; Republican. Eng. l e u w l . Canoe with extra wide weatherboard; forepoint of a canoe where the two ends of the two weatherboards come together. Obs, l e w a . 1. Sky, atmosphere, upper heavens. Ka'aahi kau i ka lewa, elevated train. Ma fit le kaua lewa, air force. 2. T o float, dangle, swing, hang; swinging, dangling, pendulous, afloat, unstable; limber-jointed, of admired hula dancers. Cf. ha'alewa. Halelewa, tabernacle. Hoku lewa, moving star, planet. Kai lewa, deep sea out of sight of land. Ka moana lewa loa, the deep ocean. Waiu lewa, long, pendulous breasts. E ola ana 'oia nei a lewa ke kanahiku, he will live on to past seventy. h o ' o l e w a . (a) T o float, as a cloud; to lift up and carry, as on a stretcher. Moe ho'olewa, stretcher, hammock, (b) T o rotate the hips in dancing. He aha e ka hana a 'Ana-pau la? Ho'olewa ka hana a 'Ana-pau la (song), what is the work of 'Ana-pau there? Rotating the hips is the work of 'Ana-pau there. 3. Homeless vagabond, wanderer; landless, homeless. He lewa hele, 'a'ohe kahua pa'a, a wandering traveler without fixed residonce. Po'e lewa (1 Pet. 2.11), pilgrims. 4. T o know thoroughly, as a t y p e of work; to be thoroughly familiar with, as a place. Ua lewa ia'u ka hana o ke kuiki kapa, I ' m thoroughly familiar with the work of quilting. Ua hele au i keia mau kuahiwi a lewa, I ' v e gone to these mountains until I know every nook and corner. 5. (Cap.) N a m e of a star,

l l h i . 1. Kdgc, rim, border, boundary. Also nihi. See nihi for P P N , P M P . Cf. kaunihinihi. 2. Small quantity, particle, a little bit, minutia; slight. 'Ike lihi, to glimpse. 'A'ohe ona lilii ho'omaopopo iki, he didn't in the least understand. 'A'ole lihi launa o ka pilikia, there's no end to the trouble. 'A'ohe o'u lihi hoihoi, I haven't a particle of interest, not the slightest interest. He lihi pili ko makou, we are remotely related. Lihi launa 'ole, not the slightest association. 'A'ole e lilo kahi hana, 'a'ole ho'i kahi lihi iki o ke kanawai ( M a t . 5.18), not one jot, not one tittle shall In any wise pass f r o m the law. 3. R i g h t or interest in property. He lihi ko'u i laila, I have an interest there. 4. Portion of a fishhook below the point. Obs. 5. Pearl-shell lure, as for 'dpelu, a fish. Obs. l i h l l i . Confused, bewildered, unsuccessful. Obs. Cf. hili, hilikau. lihillhl. 1. Same as lihi, 1, 2. 3. 2. Eyelashes, eyelid. Lihilihi maka (Ioba 16.16), eyelid. Lihilihi maka ku'i, artificial eyelashes. Lihilihi moku, eyelash that breaks off and gets into the eye. Lihilihi pi'i. eyelashes that are long and curl upward. Lihilihi 'o'oi, long bristling eye-

- l e w a . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l e w a . Funeral,

l e w a a l a n f . Part of a heiau temple where human sacrifices were offered. Obs. l e w a a n u ' u . Probably a part of the lananu'u mamao turret. Obs. l e w a h o ' o m a k u a . Space just above the surface of the earth; lower atmosphere, l e w a l a n l . Highest stratum of the heavens.

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lashes. Moe i ka lau o ka lihilihi (Kep. 115), to doze; lit., sleep on the tip of the eyelashes. Na lihilihi o ' Awihi-ka-lani, eyelashes of the blinking lord [a poetic reference to sleep]. 3. Lace. Kui lihilihi, crochet needle or hook. 4. T o crochet. Ka hana lihilihi 'ana, crocheting. 5. Petals. 6. A variety of sweet potato (no data). This may be qualified by the term palu. l i h i l i h i hana l i m a . Handmade lace; crocheting; any handmade trimming, as of knitting, tatting, l i h i l i h i kui l a u o h o . Maltese or hairpin lace, l l h l l l h i - m f t l i i i a . A variety of taro. l i h i l i h i mftllna. Lace edging, l i h i l o u . Tip of a barbless fishhook. I l h o . Choice, precious. 06s. l l h o l i h o . Very hot, fiery, glowing. Obs. Kalaninui-kua-liholiho-i-ke-kapu (name for liamehameha I I . ) the great chief with the burning back taboo. l l ' l . 1. Small, tiny. ( P P N riki, P M P Dikiq.) 2. Short for ali'i, chief, being especially common after na: na li'i, the chiefs (preceded by ke). l i ' l l i ' l . Here and there, piecemeal, a little at a time; small, little.in bits, diminutive, infantile. Cf. ha'apuka. Ku'ai li'ili'i, retail buying or selling, uku li'ili'i. to pay in installments. Lele li'ili'i, to scatter or fall in every direction. 'Oki li'ili'i, to cut a little at a time. 'Oki a li'ili'i, to cut into small bits. Kau li'ilVi, scattered or lying here and there. Ko'u wa li'ili'i, the time of my infancy, h o ' o l i ' i l l ' l . T o decrease, lessen, make small, l i ' l p o e . Same as ali'ipoc, canna. Ilka, l i t a . Liter. Eng. II k&klni. Garters. Lit., tie stockings (Eng.). II k a l i k l . Corset lace; to lace up a corset. II k a m a ' a . Shoelace; to lace shoes, ilk&nla, l l t a n l a . Litany. Eng. like. Alike, like, similar, resembling, equal. Cf. 'alike, alike, halike. 'Alike alike, midway, equally. E hiamoe ana ke keiki a hiki 'alike alike o ka pd, the child slept until the middle of the night. Like alike, equal, exactly alike. Like loa, exactly alike, identical. Like me, such as, according to, like. He hale e like me keia. a house such as this. Like pu, just the same, alike. Ola like, living at the same time, contemporaneous, h o ' o l l k e . Same as the more common ho'ohalike; to equalize, make alike, translate, likelike. Redup. of like, h o ' o l l k e l l k e . Redup. of ho'olike. like ' o l e . Various, all, different, not alike. Na pua like 'ole o Hawai'i, all the flowers of Hawaii; the varied flowers of Hawaii. L i k e p o n a , L i s e b o n a . Lisbon. Eng. like p f l . See like. likl. 1. T o boast, brag, exult. ICu ka liki i Nu'u-anu, boasting like Nu'u-anu [said of a boaster]. Ku ka liki mai nei ho'i 'oia ala, what a proud stance he has over there. 2. T o tighten, gird on; to pucker; stiff, as a limb. Cf. kaliki. E liki mai 'oe a pa'a ke kaula, tighten the rope securely. 3. Astringent, as medicine. 4. A substance or glaze, such as juice of ti roots, that prevents colors from fading or mixing, likikl. Ticket, receipt. Eng. Likiki ho'oka'a, receipt; lit., ticket for payment, llkillkl. Redup. of liki, 2. Likiliki loa keia lole, this dress is too tight, h o ' o l l k l l l k l . T o tighten, l i k l n l . Rigging. Eng. For example see liolio. liki p a h u . Iron hoop, barrel hoop. Lit., barrel tightener. llko. 1. Leaf bud; newly opened leaf; to bud; to put forth leaves. Fig., a child, especially of a chief; youth. Cf. 'ohua-liko. Liko ali'i, chief's child. 2. Shining, glistening, as with dew; sparkling, glowing; burning. Ke liko a'ela ka ua i ke kai, the rain sparkles on the sea. 3. Fat, fleshy. 4. A Tahitian banana (Musa fehi).

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l i k o - l e h u a . 1. A variety of sweet potato. 2. A kind of seaweed, l i k o l e h u a . Lehua bud; red lehua leaves as used for leis or medicine, l i k o l l k o . Redup. of liko, 1, Z, 3. He ahi likoliko o ka toela (chant), glowing fire of heat. Kai likoliko, gravy full of fat or grease; oily sea water. l l k u l a , Ugura. Ligure. (Puk. 28.19.) 111a, lira. Lyre, harp (Kin. 4.21); lyric. Lira kamali'i, children's lyrics [a book of songs]. Ilia. Spindly, undeveloped, as of plants; thin, as a line of words across a page. Cf. 'e'a, S. He mai'a lila, 'a'ohe 'i'o, a ihin banana without substance [either fruit or plant], m a n i a . Redup. of Ilia. llle. 1. Bright, shiny, dazzling, sparkling. 2. In unison, as chanting. Obs. 1116. 1. Var. of lila. 2. Upland patch, as of olonB. ( H P 199.) Kauai. l l l e l u l l . T o cleanse, as of sin. Obs. Ulelile. Redup. of Hie, 1. 1111. 1. Jealous; highly sensitive to criticism; jealousy; anger and mental anguish felt if one's loved ones are criticized. Lili punalua, see punalua. h o ' o l l l l . T o provoke jealousy; jealous. 2. Blasted, as fruit, - l i l i . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l l l l , h o l l l l . Rippled surface of the sea, as caused by fish; undulation or vibration of light in the hot sun; to ripple, vibrate, undulate; to close or blink the eyes in bright glare. Var. of ha'alili. Ho'olili ka 'Bpelu, the 'opelu ripples [the sea], m i . Redup. of li, 1. i l l l a . Any kind of lily. Eng. i l l l a - l a n a - 1 - k a - w a i . Water lily (Nymphaea spp.). Lit., lily floating on the water, l l l l a - o - k e - a w f t w a . Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis). l l l l a - p a l a ' a i . Day lily (Hemerocallis spp.). Lit., pumpkin lily, l l l l h a . 1. Nauseated, nauseating, of rich or fatty foods only; very rich, of fatty, oily food, as of the wolu, a fish. Fig., heartsick, as over a tragedy; revolted, disgusted, as by a hideous crime; dreadful, fearful. 2. Redup. of liha, 1; many nits, l l l l h u a . Prepared, supplied, outfitted. Obs. l l l l ' l . Tiny, dainty, fine. Lili'i wai lehua, tiny drops of lehua honey, l i l i k o . Redup. of liko, 1, 2. IIH-koa. Same as koa-haole, a shrub or small tree. l i l l k o ' i . The purple water lemon or purple granadilla (Passiflora edulis), an American vine with three-lobed leaves and edible dull-purple fruits about two inches long, growing wild in many forests of Hawaii; said to be named after Liliko'l, Maui, where it was first grown. The yellow-fruited liliko'i (P. edulis f. fiavicarpa), is similar but has yellow, better-tasting fruits; it is grown commercially in the Hawaiian Islands and used for desserts and beverages. (Neal 525.) l l l l i a . Redup. of lila. H l l - l e h u a . 1. The Texas sage (Salvia coccinea), a weedy herb from southern United States, one foot high or more, with toothed, ovate leaves and red inch-long flowers borne in long narrow clusters. (Neal 648.) 2. (Cap.) Name of a wind and rain, famous at Piilolo, Oahu, and Wai-ehu, Maui. 3. A variety of taro (no data). 111111. Redup. of lili, often with meaning of petty jealousy. 11111111. Redup. of lili. Ullna. Linen (Eng.), flax. l l l l n a p u ' i i m a u ' u . Grass linen. Lit., grassclump linen, l l l l n o e . Fine mist, rain.

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lilio

llllo. Redup. of Ito, S. Lilio ka pepeiao, the ears are pulled back, as of a horse [also said of the frightened person], Maka lilio, slant eyes, llllpi. Redup. of lipi. Uli'u. Scorching, burning, smarting, as salt in a raw wound or pain in the eyes. (The queen Lili'u-o-ka-lani was said to have been so named because at the time of her birth her foster mother's aunt, Kina'u, was suffering with pain in ihe eyes.) Là lili'u, burning sun. ltll-wai. A small native herb (Acaena exigua), growing in bogs, only on top of We3t Maui and Kauai, the narrow, fernlike leaves forming a rosette. Ilio. 1. To accrue, be lost, pass into the possession of, be gone; to become, turn into; to overcome; purchased, taken. Lilo i ke aupuni, accrue to the government. Lilo aku ka wa'a i ke kai, the canoe was taken by the sea. Lilo i ali'i, to become a chief. 'A'ohe wahi lilo o ke ali'i ia 'oe, you are the perfect image of the chief; lit., there is nothing in the chief that does not accrue to you. Ina e mimi, 'a'ohe koe 'àina i ka lilo i ka wai (For. 5:139), if [he] urinates, there is no land that does not turn into water [that is not flooded completely], h o ' o l i l o . To transfer, assign (as in legal transactions), change, etc. ; reduction, as in fractions. Ua ho'olilo 'oia iaia iho i kanaka pono, he changed himself into a righteous man. 2. Busy, absorbed, occupied, engrossed, devoted, dedicated. Ua lilo loa au i ka heluhela, I'm completely absorbed in reading. Lilo 'o Kaxoelo i laila, hiki ua man kanaka nei i Wai-klki (For. 5:19), while Kawelo was busy there, these afore-mentioned people came to Wai-kikl. No ka lilo loa o Lohi'au ipo i ka nani o Puna, ua lilo ka 'ai . . . i tnea 'ole iàia, because of sweetheart Lohi'au's fascination by the beauty of Puna, food became . . . as nothing [of no interest] to him. 3. Expense, expenditure, outlay of money. Na uku makahiki a me na lilo 'e a'e, annual salaries and other expenses, h o ' o lilo. Expense, expenditure; to spend; to lose; to buy or sell. Nui ka ho'olilo, great expense; very expensive. Ka mea ho'olilo li'ili'i, retail buyer. Nui ka ho'olilo 0 ke aupuni no kela alanui hou, the government spent much on that new road. 4. Far, distant, out of sight, completely, entirely (often follows a directional). / luna lilo, way up. I waho lilo, far outside, way out. I ka moana lilo, far out to sea. Ua lawe a lilo 'ia ka ipo a ke kelamoku, the sailor's sweetheart was swept completely oif her feet. L l l o a . 1. Name of an early chief, the father of 'Uml. 2. (Not cap.) A long time ago. Obs. lllolllo. 1. Openhanded, generous. 2. To break away again and again, as fish from a hook; to hover between life and death. Cf. kalilolilo. Ilio loa. Completely engrossed, dedicated, absorbed; permanently lost or taken. II l u a . Extremely chilly. Cf. II, 1. Kau ti lua i ke anu Wai-'ale'ale (UL 105), doubly chilled in the cold of [Mt.] Wai-'ale'ale. l i m a . 1. Arm, hand; sleeve; finger. For types of sleeves see 'ekeke'i, la'iki, loloa, pa'i ai, pihapiha, poko'u, 'Uha hipa. Kui lima, to go hand in hand, arm in arm; to hold hands. Hana lima, handmade, hand work. Hana lima 'ike, expert craftmansliip. Ua 'eha i ka 'eha lima 'ole a ke aloha (saying), suffering with the handless suffering of love. 2. Five; fifth. (PPN lima, P M P lima.) l i m a ' a l n a . Second finger. Lit., eating finger, l i m a ' S k a u . Right hand; right-handed; dependable helper, right-hand man. l i m a ' 3 p 3 . Light-fingered, thieving, l i m a h a n a . Labor, laborer, worker, employee; industrious, busy. Cf. hana lima under lima. Papa limahana, labor board. Komisina o na limahana, labor commission, l i m a h e h e ' e . A thinning hand, of one whose poi thins and ferments quickly, l i m a h e m a . Left hand ; left-handed, l i m a i k a . Same as lima ikaika.

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l i m a I k a i k a . Strong hand or arm; power, strength; to handle roughly, assault, strongarm. l i m a i k i . Small hand; little finger. l i m a k a k a u . Handwriting; hand to write with. l i m a k o k o . Assassin, murderer, shedder of blood, brute; bloody hand, l i m a k u h l . Index finger; in printing, an index or hand calling attention to a note. Lit., pointing hand. l i m a k u h l k u h l . Hands of a clock. Lit., pointing hands. I l m a l a u . Same as laulima, but some persons limit limalau co-operation to canoe and house building. l i m a lawelawe. Pilferer. Lit., handling hands, l i m a lewalewa. Idler. Lit., hanging hands, l i m a l i m a . 1. To handle, use the hands; to pilfer. 2. To hire, h o ' o l l m a l i m a . T o rent, hire, employ, lease, charter; a lease^ rental. Ka mea ho'olimalima, lessee, tenant. 'Aina ho'olirnalima, leased land. Kanaka ho'olimalima. hired man. Ka'a ho'olimalima, hired car, taxi. Ho'olimalima manawa pau 'ole, perpetual lease. Ho'olimalima no ka manawa e ola ana, life-time lease. He ho'olimalima makahiki ha'aha'a, minimum annual rent. 3. To massage. Obs. 4. Prayer in which the priest gestured with his hands; the ceremony was called ho'opi'i na 'aha limalima, the limalima assembly rises. l i m a l i m a p i l a u . One who handles dirty matter. Fig., an immoral wretch, as a pimp, l i m a loa. Grabber of other's property. Lit., long arm. L i m a - i o a . God of mirages, l i m a m e k e . Short for lima 'umeke, index finger, so called because poi was dipped from the bowl ('umeke) with it. l i m a m i k l . Index finger. l l m a n a m a n a . A kind of seaweed. Lit., branching seaweed, l i m a n u l . To attack violently, manhandle, administer a beating, take by force. Cf. lima iki. l i m a n u i . Hig hand; thumb, l i m a pili. Third or ring finger, l i m a p Q h a ' u h a ' u . Puffed sleeve, as sleeve gathered at shoulder and wrist, l i m a u l u . A green thumb, l i m a ' u m e k e . See limameke. l i m a - w l w l . A variety of sweet potato. Lit., thin hand. l i m l . Same as lumi, 1. Obs. l i m i l i m i . Redup. of limi. Obs. l i m o a . Same as hulu-moa, a seaweed, l l m u . 1. A general name for all kinds of plants living under water, both fresh and salt, also algae growing in any damp place in the air, as on the ground, on rocks, and on other plants; also mosses, liverworts, lichens. (PPN limu, P M P limut.) 2 . Tricky, deceiving, unstable (said to be named for the octupus' ability to change its color, and its waving of a tentacle to and fro like the motion of seaweed in water). 3. Wind gust. Obs. 4. Coil, curl. Obs. 5. Soft coral. l l m u a . Overgrown with moss, seaweed, or any limu. Cf. ua limua. l i m u - a h i . A tree moss or liverwort. I l m u - ' a h u ' u l a . An upland moss. I l m u - ' e l e ' e l e . See 'ele'ele, seaweed, l l m u - h a e a . A lichen (Stereocaulon claviceps), with erect, branching stalks, l i m u - h & ' u l a . A red seaweed, possibly Amansia sp.; formerly doubtfully called Nitophyllum, a genus as yet not known in Hawaii, l i m u - h o l o - a - w a l . A fresh-water moss, l i m u - ' n i o . Same as hulu-'ilio, seaweeds.

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11 p e ' e

l l m u - k a h a . A kind of liverwort, l l r a u - k a - k a n a k a . A slimy blue-green alga (Nostoc commune), bright-green when fresh, growing on t h e shores of Hanalei, K a u a i , f a m o u s in song. I n t h e wet season it covers t h e ground with a thin, slippery layer. Also called limuka-kanaka-o-Manu'akepa. Lit., man-striking moss, so called because people a r e said t o slip on it and fall. I l m u - k S - k a n a k a - o - M a h a m o k u . S t r o k e in lua fighting. Lit., seaweed of M a h a m o k u t h a t makes a man fall. l l m u - k a l a . Common, long, brown seaweeds (Sargassum spp.), their stems covered with short branches, bearing r a t h e r stiff, twisted, more or less t o o t h e d , narrow leaves. E a t e n raw mixed with other seaweeds; used in ceremonies to drive away sickness. O f t e n qualified by t h e t e r m s lau-li'ili'i or lau-nui. Also called 'akala. Some persons also call Turbinaria ornata, a n inedible, stiff, dark-brown, erect seaweed by this name. l l m u - k a l a - w a i . One or more k i n d s of pond scum (Spirogyra spp.), filamentous, free-floating fresh-water algae, consisting of rows of cylindrical cells which cont_ain narrow, spiral, green bands. Also called palawai. I l m u - k a u - l & ' a u . All tiny ferns (such as filmy ferns), lichens, liverworts, and mosses growing on trees. U m u k e l e . Moss growing on trees in rain forests. U m u - k o h u . A soft, succulent, small, red seaweed (Asparagopsis sanfordiana), narrow, cylindrical. t u f t e d , i t is one of the best-known and best-liked of edible seaweeds. At Moloa'a, Kauai, it is cultivated for local use and for Honolulu markets, where it is sold in balls. Also called limu-koko. l l m u l a n a . Floating seaweed. Fig., a drifter, l l m u l i m u . R e d u p . of limu, B, 3, //. l l m u - l o l o a . 1. Several species of edible red seaweeds {Gelidium), cylindrical or flattened, more or less pinnately branched, t e x t u r e firm and smooth. Also called 'anapanapa, 'ekahakaha, kuwelu. 2. A kind of edible red seaweed (Pterocladia capillac.ea), like 1 above b u t more finely divided. H m u - 1 0 ' a u . 1. A red seaweed ( P o r p h y r a leucosticla), with thin, wide, flat blades. Kauai. Also called lipahe'e. 2. A red seaweed ( P o l y opes?), with flat, blanching blades. l l m u - i n a k e - o - I I & n a . A seaweed reported as deadly poisonous a t Hana, M a u i . Also called limu-make-o-Mu'olea. l l m u - m a k o l e - m a k a - ' O p i ' l . S a m e as makolemakopi'i, a moss, l l m u - m o a . Same as hulu-moa, a seaweed, l l m u - n e h e . Same as limu-kala-wai. l i m u - p a ' a k a i . Same as lipa'akai. l i m u p a e . L a n d e d seaweed, said of a newcomer or in a bad sense of a drifter, vagabond, or kauwa outcast. I t m u - p e p e l a o . Same as Hpepeiao. U m u - p e p e - o - I I i n a . Same as lepe-o-Hina, a seaweed. l i m u - u a u a - l o l i . Same as 'ekahakaha, 2 (GymnogonQrus), a seaweed. U n a . 1. S o f t ; adhesive, sticky, clayey, g u m m y , tenacious; glutinous, as taro of poor quality. Cf. nina, papalina, 'ulika, 'ulina. 2. Scar. Cf. 'alina. I i o ' o l l n a . T o scar. Trans. 3. King {Eng.), hoop, race track. Ku'u lio kakele Una poepoe (song), m y racing horse [in the] r o u n d track. H n a l l n a . R e d u p . of Una, l, 2. I l n e k a . Lynx. Eng. l i n o . 1. Bright, shiny, shining with splendor, dazzling, brilliant. Cf. linohau. 2 . T o weave, twist, braid, tie. 'A'ohe 'oe e pakele aku, ua lino 'ia i ka lino pawalu (song), you w o n ' t escape, you are bound with an eight-strand tie. 3. Same as linolino, 2. 4. T a u t .

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l i n o a . Passive/imperative of lino, 2. Ua linoa 'ia a pa'a, tied securely, l i n o h a u . Dressed to perfection, beautifully decorated, o r n a m e n t e d . Ku kilakila i ka noe, linohau i ka malie (song), standing majestic in t h e mist, beautifully attired in t h e calm, l l n o k a l p a , I l n o t a l p a . Linotype. Eng. l l n O l e u m a . Linoleum. Eng. l i n o l i n o . 1. R e d u p . of lino, 1, 2. 2. Calm, unruffled. Cf. malino. l l n u . Tight-fisted, ungenerous, heartless, ungracious. Obs. Ho. l . Horse. See G r a m . 2.3. Holo lio, t o ride horseback. Kona lio, his horse. 2. Tight, t a u t , as a rope, or of hair or horse's ears pulled back tightly. Cf. lilio. 3. R o p e tied to t h e b o t t o m of a large bag net. l i ' o . Same as 'a'o, a sea bird. ll'O. T o a c t wild, as a frightened animal; to open t h e eyes wide in terror; t o quiver._leap away, shy. as a frightened horse. Also lei'o. h o ' o l l ' 6 . To frighten, cause to shy, leap, l i ' o a . Passive/imperative of li'B. lio h e i h e l . Race horse. Ho h u l u ' a e k o . Dark-gray horse. Lit., eagle f e a t h e r horse. Ho 1.1'ail. Merry-go-round; horse on a merrygo-round; sawhorse; wooden horse, as used in quilting. IIolo lio la'au, to ride on a merry-goround. I Kanekina i ka holo lio la'au me ka ulua (song), riding the merry-go-round at K a n e k i n a with t h e ulua fish [man]. Mo l a h o . Stallion. Lit., testicle horse. Ho l a w e u k a n a . Pack horse. Lit., horse carry gear. Hollo. R e d u p . of lio, 2. Ke liolio nei ke kaula likini, t h e rigging lines are drawn tight. H ' o l l ' o . 1. Bright, dazzling; dazzled. Also liko, 2; lile, 1. lino, 1. h o ' o l l ' o l l ' o . C a u s a t i v e / simulative. 2. Var. of li'o-, n a m e of t h e sound made by t h e bird; to call thus. H'olI'O. R e d u p . of it'S. L l o l l o - I - W a w a u . N a m e of a star; also n a m e for t h e s o u t h e r n sky. ( P H 206; W a w a u is a widely distributed Polynesian place name.) l l o n a . Lion. Eng. Hui Liona, Lions Club, l i o n a k a l . Sea lion. Ho w a h l n e . Mare. l i p a ' a k a i . A salty seaweed, treated by soaking overnight in fresh water. Also called llpehu, pa'akai. I l p a t a a p a h a . All kinds of sea lettuce ( Ulva spp. and Monostroma spp.), green seaweeds with thin, wide to narrow, flat or wavy blades. E a t e n b u t not well liked. Also called 'ilioha'a, lipaha, lipalahalaha, pahapaha, pakaiea, palahalaha. l i p a h e ' e . 1. Same as pahe'ehe'e, a seaweed. Called lipahoe on Maui. 2. Same as limu-lii'au, 1, a seaweed. Kauai. H p & h e ' e h e ' e . Same as lipahe'e, 1. l i p a h o e . Same as lipahe'e, 1, a seaweed. Maui. l l p a k i , l l b a t i . Liberty. Eng. l i p a l a h a l a h a . Same as lipahapaha, sea lettuce. I I p a l a ' 0 . Same as lipalawai, fresh-water algae. Hp&l&wal. Edible, green, fresh-water algae, consisting of t u f t s of branching t h r e a d s (Pithophora spp. and Stigeoclonium spp.), or of a network of t h r e a d s (Hydrodictyon), or of simple t h r e a d s (Spirogyra spp.). Also called llpala'o, nehe, pala'o, paldwai. l l p a l u . A seaweed much liko hulu-'ilio, 3, a n d perhaps t h e same: edible, green, soft, slippery, forming long, hairlike t u f t s , l l p a n o , l i b a n o . Frankincense. ( M a t . 2.1X.) H p e ' e . Some native species of a genus of edible red seaweeds (Laurencia), small, narrow, stiff,

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lipe'epe'e

l i ' u i a . Twilight; mirage. Ka

branching, and knobbed. Lit., hiding seaweed. Also called 'ape'epe'e, ho'onunu, lipe'epe'e, pe'epe'e. l i p e ' e p e ' e . Same as lipe'e. Hawaii. This seaweed was taboo to those learning hula because pe'e means to hide, and the gods would hide their secrets from those eating the seaweed, l l p e h u . Same as lipa'akai, a seaweed, lipelaia, liberala. Liberal. Eng. Ka 'ao'ao lipelaia, the liberal party. UpcpC. Same as lipe'epe'e. Niihau. lfpepeiao. 1. An edible, small red seaweed CAmansia glomerata). with flat, curved blades forming rosettes on a cylindrical stem, the blades rolled up at the tips and toothed on the edges. It has a distinctive odor and is seasonal. Also called limu-pepeiao and limu-kulapepeiao. 2. A fresh-water moss, usually qualified by wai. llpl. Adze, chisel; any sharp edge; sharp mountain ridge; sharp, tapering. Dpi h o e h o c . Adze or chisel with broad, flat blade. Lit., paddle-like chisel, lipl k a h e l a . Adze or chisel with concave blade, llpl k u k e . Adze or chisel with thin, tapering blade. lipllipl. Redup. of lipi. Ua-po'o-lipilipi, name of a rain at Kalihi, Oaliu; lit., adzelike head rain, said to be so called because the heavy rain forced the people to spend so much time sleeping that their heads were sharpened as though by an adze. l l p i n a , r l b i n a . Variant of lipine. Lipina ali'i, royal ribbon or decoration, lipine, r l b l n e . Ribbon. Eng. See also below, l l p l n e h o ' o k a n l . Tape, of a recorder, lipine k l k o k l k o . Typewriter ribbon, l i p i o m a . Small rounded adze or chisel, llpo. 1. Deep blue-black, as of a cavern, the sea, or dense forest; dim, distant. Kumulipo, the origin in the deep, blue-black past [a Hawaiian creation poem). Lipo lolohuamea, the dark depths [the unfathomable mystery of the gods]. 2. {Cap.) Name of a star in the southern skies, and hence sometimes the name for the southern sky. llpoa. Passive/imperative of lipo, 1. Ua lipoa wale i ka ua ka nahele, forest dark with rain, lfpoa. 1. Much-branched brown seaweeds (two species of Dictyopteris [Iialiseris]), one of three most popular edible seaweeds. 2. Same as hpoa-kuahiwi. l l p o a - k u a h i w l . A nonedlble mountain moss, l l p o h a p o h a . Same as pohapoha, 3, a seaweed, lipollpo. Redup. of lipo, I. Ka moana nui lipolipo, the great blue ocean, lipo wad n a h e l e . Gloom and darkness of a great forest. IIpGpQ. Any seaweed growing on a shell (pupu). l i p u ' u . Same as lipu'upu'u. ( K L line 90.) l l p u ' u p u ' u . An edible green seaweed. (Valonia utricularis), wjth turgid jointsandshort branches. Also called kukae-o-Kama-pua' a. l l u . 1. Leakage, bilge water; to leak, of a canoe or ship. 2. Same as liuliu. l l ' u . 1. Slow, tardy, taking a long time; a long time. Ala li'u ka la o Wai-'anae, the Wai-'anae sun rises slowly. 'A'ohe i li'u iho kona hiki 'ana mai a hiki maila 'oe, he hadn't been here long when you arrived. 2. "Well-salted, salty; seasoned. Fig., deep, profound, as of skill or knowledge. Cf. lili'u, li'ua. Li'u ka 'ike i ke kalai wa'a, he's skilled in canoe carving. Li'u ka na'auao i loko ona, wisdom within him is profound, l i u a . 1. Same as niua, niniu, dizzy, etc. (For. 6:295.) 2. Same as kuhi-'ai-kamo'o-walxie, a lobelia. Ilua. Dissolute. (AP.) l i ' u a . Same as li'u, 1, S. 'A'ole i li'ua, it wasn't long.

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a ka

wai

li'ula, the glitter of water in the mirage, l l u l l u . Prepared, ready; to make ready, h o ' o l l u l l u . To prepare, l l ' u l l ' u . Redup. of li'u, 1; to pass much time; to spend much time. A'ole i li'uli'u ma Maui, did not spend much time at Maui. Li'uli'u no na la i tia ai, it rained many days. Li'uli'u aku mahope (2 Sam. 7.19), a great while to come. E kali iho a li'uli'u, wait a while, h o ' o l l ' u l i ' u . To cause a delay, prolong, procrastinate. Ilwall. Soft, thin, as poi or dough. (AP.) 10. X. A black insect, the earwig (Dermaptera.) 2. Front half of the skull. (AP.) 10-, Prefix, perhaps short form for lo'o-, to obtain; cf. lohai, lokahi, lokea, lomilo, lo'ohia, Kpi'o, IBuhu. loa. 1. Distance, length, height; distant, long, far; permanent. Cf. loloa. Mauna-loa (name), long mountain. Mea 'ole ia loa, that distance was nothing. Noho loa, to stay permanently (cf. noho lo'ihi,_to stay a long time). He aha ka loa o ke ia pakaukau? What's the length of this table? Pua kukui puu i ka loa i lalo, candlenut flowers blooming far down below, h o ' o l o a . To stretch, extend, prolong, lengthen. 2. Very, very much; too; excessive, most. Maika'i_ loa, very good. Wela loa, too hot. Ma ke kukala akea i na mea koho ki'eki'e loa, at public auction to the highest bidders. 3. As soon as. Obs. I loa no iaia a hala aku, 'o'ili ana ka makua kane, no sooner had he gone, than the father appeared, l o a ' a . To find, get, obtain, acquire, have, gain, receive, catch, win, succeed; gain, earnings, profit, revenue, receipts, wealth, property; success, solution; to have a child, beget a child; to be born; to flud none to compare with; unequalled, incomparable. See Gram. 2.3. (This extremely common word takes a subject preceded by i or ia, and an object may be preceded by 'o. See Gram. 4.1.) Loa'a ka hale i ke ali'i, the chief has a house. Kanaka loa'a 'ole, a person who gains little, has little, lie mea loa'a wale no kila ia makou, that's something we can easily get. He mau maka loa'a 'vie, eyes not easily obtained, [said affectionately of a high chief not easily approached]. Ua 'ai au i kana loa'a, I've eaten nis earnings [said in pride by a parent who is cared for by a son or daughter]. He mea pili o ka loa'a (Kep. 109), one to whom ain clings. 'O ka'u loa'a no keia, this is what 've gained. Ha'iloa'a, answer to a problem. Ka mea e loa'a ana (ka mea e lo'ana), anything at all, whatever is to be had. Ka manawa e loa'a ana, any convenient time. 'O 'oe ka mea e loa'a ai a'ji wahine, no ka mea ua pau loa ku'u waiwai ia laua, 'a'ohe na'e he loa'a iki (For. 5:343), you're the one who can win my wives, because my wealth is entirely spent on the two without any success at all. Loa'a ait i ke anu, I caught a cold; lit., the cold catches me. Loa'a Kane-alai, ke kupuna o lakou (chant), their ancestor, Kane-alai, was born. Ka'u kane i loa'a ai 'oe (For. 4:183), my husband by whom you were begot. E nana wahine a'e no wau, a'ole 'oe e loa'a, I look at all other women, there's not another your equal. 'A'ole e loa'a mai keiki o ke kaona (song)_, none as fine as boys of the town. Ma ka himeni, 'a'ohe 'oe e loa'a, in singing you have no equal, h o ' o l o a ' a . To obtain, get, find, etc. l o ' a ' a . Rough, jagged stone, either of coral or lava; hence, hard, severe, as of a taboo. He kanawai ku i ka lo'a'a, a cruel blow, l o a ' a h l a . Passive/imperative of loa'a. l o a l a . To praise, extol, as a chief (in poetry). (AP.)

f

l o ' a l o ' a . Same as 'alo'alo'a, pitted, l o ' e . Curve of a fishhook. loea. Skill, ingenuity, cleverness: expert, clever, skillful, dexterous, handy, skilled; skilled person. 'Ike loea, technical knowledge, knowledge of skills.

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I o k

l o ' e l o ' e . Same as mSlo'elo'e, aching, l o ' e w a . Same as pa'ewa. l o h a . 1. Drooping, wilting; hanging low, as a branch; beaten down, as by rain. Fig., sullen, spiritless, depressed, unsociable, subordinate, inferior. 2. Trimmings of corners and ridge of a thatched house; to put on these trimmings (For. 5:289). 3. Short for aloha. 4. A variety of banana. 5. A variant n a m e for the kilu game. (AP.) l o h a l . Lever or stick used in prying up or raising h e a v y articles; to lift thus. l o h a l o h a . 1. Redup. of loha, l, l . 2. Var. of lohelohe, l o l i e . To hear; to mind, obey; t o feel, as the tug of a fishing line; obedient. Lohe mai i ke a'o, heed the teachings. Lohe mai ke a'o, how terrible [in idioms], Pau ka 'ike, pau ka lohe. in a coma, unconscious, h o ' o l o h e . Causative/simulative; attention (a military command). He kanaka ho'olohe i kauoha, a person obedient to commands. l o b e a . Passive/imperative of lohe. l o h e l a u . 1. Wall plate in house. 2. Exhausted, worn-out, dilapidated, l o b e l a u S h e a . See ahea. l o h e l o h e . 1. Redup. of lohe-. to listen carefully, eavesdrop. He 'ilio lohelohe (PH 75), a dog [sacrificed to obtain] obedience. 2. Larvae of the dragonfly ; this was used in hula ceremonies because lohe means to hear and obey. See pua'alohelohe. Also po'ola-nui. lohaloha. 3. Rare var. of lohaloha, 1. Lohelohe i honua. poetic n a m e for banana plant because its fruit droops {loha), to the ground (i honua). Lohelohe pele unu Mahiki i ka ua, Mahiki is beaten down and made musty by the rain, l o h e n a . Hearing, obedience. Cf. lohe. He lohena ka'u i ka 'ola'ola (chant), I heard a gurgling, l o h e p e p e l a o . Hearsay; to hear of. lie lohe pepeiao mai ko'n, 'a'ohe he 'ike maka, i ' v e just heard about it but have not seen for myself, l o h l . 1. Slow, tardy, late. 'Olelo lohi, speak slowly. E hele, lohi! Half step, inarch! h o ' o l o h l . T o delay, make slow, detain; t o go slowly, procrastinate, dillydally, lag. 2. Short for 'alohi, sparkle. J ka papa lohi a 'o Mau-kele, in the bright flats of Mau-kele. Ka wai lohi o Maleka (song), tho sparkling water of America [alcoholic drink]. l o h l a . 1. Passive/imperative of lohi, I, 2. Wai lohia, sparkling water, intoxicating drink. 2 . Short for lo'ohia. (Mat. 4.24.) l o h i ' a u . Slow, retarded, backward. Lohi'au Puna i ke akua wahine. P u n a is handicapped, retarded, set back, by the goddess. Cf. Lofu'au, the unsuccessful suitor of Pele and Hi'i-aka. l o h l l o h i . Redup. of lohi, 1, 2. l o l . To look over critically; to look at as though searching for flaws, scrutinize, l o ' l . Irrigated terrace, especially for taro, but also for rice. Iota. 1. Rare var. of loea, skill. 2. Var. of loio, lawyer. l o l a l l k l , r o l a l i t i . Royalist. Eng. l o l e . Rare var. of loina. (AP.) Idlele. Sluggish, slow; t o loiter, dillydally. He aha ke kumu o kou loiele? W h y are you so slow? 16'ilil. Length, height; long, tall, Lo'ihi ke ala, a long road. Ld'ihi a'e nei ka manawa, long since. h o ' o l O ' l h l . T o lengthen, extend, prolong. Ua ho'oB'ihi 'oia i kona noho 'ana, he prolonged his stay. l o l l o l . Redup. of loi\ to find fault, criticize, l o ' l l o ' i . 1. Pools of water; having m a n y pools; taro patches. Cf. halo'ilo'i, lo'i. 2* S a m e as 'alo'ilo'i, a fish. ( K L line 157.) l o l n a . Rule, custom, code, precept, law; principle, as of a political party.

o

' i n o

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l o l o . 1. Thin, spindly. 2. Rare var. of loea, skill. 3 . Lawyer (Eng.), attorney; to act tho lawyer; to judge. Loio o ka 'ao'ao ku'e, lawyer for the opponent. E loio ana i ke 'ano o keia keia mo'olelo (Kep. 131), judging the nature of all the tales, h o ' o l o l o . T o act the lawyer; to show off knowledge; t o ask bewildering questions as a lawyer might, l o l o h o ' o k o l o k o l o . Prosecutor, l o l o k u h l n a . Attorney general, l o ' l PO'allrna. A "Friday" taro patch, meaning one worked for the konohiki (supervisor), as Friday was the work day. l o k a . 1. Also r o d a . Rod. Eng. 2. Also l o g a . Log, Hebrew liquid measure (Oihk. 14. 10). - l o k a . See maloka. l O k a h i . U n i t y , agreement, accord; agreed, in unity. Mana'o lokahi, unanimous. h o ' o l 5 k & h i . T o bring about unity; to make peace and unity; to be in agreement, l d k a l l a . 1. Coral plant (Russelia equisetiformis), a Mexican low shrubby plant, one to four feet high, with m a n y leafless, green, quadrangular branches, used for low hedges and in rock gardens; it hears bright-red flowers resembling small firecrackers. (Neal C6S.) Eng. 2. (Cap.) Rosalie. Eng. lOkailo, r o s a r i o . Rosary. Eng. Less c o m m o n than lei kolona. l o k c . 1. Rose; rosy. Eng. 2. Also r o k e . Roast. Eng. Pipi loke, roast beef. lftkea. Long European knife with a white handle. I o k e - H a w a l ' l . Castilian rose, a double pink rose, the flower of the island of Maui, l o k e - h l h l . Climbing rose. l o k e - h u l h u l . A pinkish-white rose, very fragrant and growing in a cluster. Possibly this is the Duchess of Brabant, still c o m m o n in Hawaii gardens, l o k e - k a k a e p e l e . Sulphur rose, l o k e - l a n l , r o s e l a n i . T h e c o m m o n small red rose. It has been substituted for the pink rose, now rare, as the flower of Maui, l o k e - l a u . Green rose (Rosa chinensis var. viridiflora). (Neal 345.) No ka pua loke-lau ke aloha (song), love for the green rose, l o k e l i , l o t e r l . Lottery. Eng. l o k e - o - k a - l u a - p e l e . A pink rose growing in the Kilauea area. Hawaii, c o m m o n l y called volcano rose. Lit., rose of the volcanic crater, l o k e - p l h l . T i n y buttonhole roses (Rosa chinensis var. minima). (Neal 346.) l o k e - w a i - k a h u l l . A kind of rose, red on t h e outside of the flower and pink in the center; used for hedges. Lit., rose with changing color, l o k l a . Roan, as a horse. Eng. l O k l h l . Var. of lo'ihi. l o k o . 1* In, inside, within; interior, inside; internal organs, as tripe. Maloko mai 'olua o ka hale, c o m e into the house. Ua lawe nui au no loko a'e o keia mau kanawai, I have taken much from within these laws. O ka inaina i loko o kekahi hana hewa, malice in respect to the commission of any offense. Ko loko, those inside. Make na loko, d e a t h caused b y own relatives, or failure t o observe one's taboo gods; lit., Inside death, h o ' o l o k o . T o insinuate, suggest. Implant a thought, either good or bad. 2 . Character, disposition, heart. Cf. loko hSiki, loko '¿no, loko li'u, lokomaika'i. 3. Pond, lake, pool. 4. Mainland of the United States. I loko aku nei au, I've been t o t h e mainland. S. In spite of. I loko no o ka waiwai, hana no, in spite of wealth, working a n y w a y . 6. B y means of. Loa'a ka 'aina id makou maloko o ka ikaika (For. 4:47), we won t h e land by force, l o k o h a i k l . Hard-hearted, narrow-minded; tight-fisted, parsimonious; such a person, l o k o ' I n o . Merciless, heartless, evil, malevolent, cruel; such a person.

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l o k o

loko kal. Lagoon. loko ku'l. Man-made salt-water pond. Lit., artificial lake. loko ll'u. 1. Salt pond. 2. Cross, embittered, sour in disposition; such a person, lokoloko. Puddles, small pools. Cf. halokoloko. lokomalka'i. Generosity, kindness, good will; generous, kind, benevolent. Na la o ka lokomaika'i, days of grace [time allotted for paying a bill], Loko-pa'akal. Salt Lake City, loko pa'akal. Salt pond or lake, lokou, logou. Word, logos (Ioane 1.1). loko ulu. Seedling bed. Lit., inside growing, loko wal. Fresli-water pond or lake; fountain (Sol. 5.16). loku. Downpour of rain; blowing of wind; to pour, of rain; to blow, as a gale. Fig., to feel deep emotion, pain, sorrow; to weep profusely; intense. Ka ua loku, the pouring rain. Ke aloha loku i ka pu'uwai, love surging in the heart. Ke loku nei ka makani, the wind is blowing in a gale, ho'oloku. To pour, as rain; to disturb, agitated. OkO. A game, perhaps like kilu (For. 4:221); a place for indoor games, lokuloku. Redup. of loku. Cf. ha'alokuloku, ka'alokuloku. ho'olokuloku. Redup. of ho'oloku. lola. 1. Drooping, hanging downward; droopy, sluggish, lazy, idle. Lola moe halau, lazy one who sleeps in the workhouse [a lazy person], 2. A native fern (Asplenium acuminatum). with much-subdivided fronds. 3. A variety of taro. 4. Roller, rolling pin; to roll. Eng. 161ft. T o sun. Rare. Ke lola maila lakou, they are sunning, lola ho'opalaha. Roller. Lit., flattening roller, lolalola. Redup. of lola, 1. lola mabtl. Steam roller. lole. 1. Cloth, clothes, dress; to wear clothes. Cf. 'a'a lole. Komo i ka lole, to put on a dress. 2. T o unfold, turn inside out, reverse; to strip or peel off, as bark; to skin, flay (Mika 3.3); to scalp; to handle, turn over with the hands. Hele akula 'o 'Oma'o-kama'u . . . lalau ihola i ka 'auwae [o Hakau] a lole a'ela i luna (For. 4:203), 'Oma'o-kama'u went . . . grabbed [Hakau'sj chin and yanked it up. 3. Depigmentation, as of palm of hand or soles of feet, lolea. Worn smooth by friction, wear, or constant handling; turned inside out; skinned, flayed. Cf. lole, 2. lolehau. Limping, lame. 06s. lole holoi. Laundry; soiled clothes ready to be washed. lole komo. Clothes. Lit., clothes to put on. lolelau. Thatching and trimming, of a house. Lit., handle leaves. lole lauoho. Sackcloth of hair. (Hoik. G.12.) lole lepo. Soiled clothing, laundry, lolelole. Redup. of lole, Z. Mai ki'i 'oe e lolelole i ku'u ukgna, don't you go and go through my things. 'Olelo lolelole, twisted, not straightforward, roundabout speech, lolelua. Changeable, fickle, unstable, inconstant, lole moe pd. Nightgown. Lit., night-sleeping clothes. lolena. X. -na form of lole, 2. Palai lolena, fern turned over. 2. Limp, flexible, as cloth; inefficient, unproductive, idle, sterile, barren, faded. He u'i lolena ku i ki'ona (saying), a stupid beauty fit for the dung hill. A'ohe lolena i ka wai 'Bpae, no slackers in water full of shrimps [there must be no slackers when work is to be done]. lole pla. Laundry washed, starched, and dried but not ironed. Lit., starch clothes.

k a i

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lole wal. Laundry washed and dried but not starched or ironed. Lit,, water clothes, lole w&wae. Trousers, pants, panties, slacks. Lit., leg clothes. l o l e w a w a e ' e p a n e . O v e r a l l s . Lit., apron trousers. lole wftwae moe pO. Pajamas. Lit., trousers for night sleeping, lole w&wae pQha'uha'u. Bloomers. Lit., puffed trousers. loll. 1. T o turn, change, alter, turn over, ho'ololl. T o change, take a new form, exchange; to amend, as laws; amendment, change. Ho'ololi 'Olelo, conjugation, declension. Ho'ololi i ka mana'o, to change the mind. Ho'ololi max i ka noi, to amend a motion. Ho'ololi kala, currency exchange. 2. Sea slug, beche-de-mer, sea cucumber, trepang (Holothuria spp.) (Ed. 96-102.) 3. Spotted, speckled, daubed; to color in spots, as tapa. Cf. 'iloli, kukaeloli. lolla. Passive/imperative of loli, 1. ho'ololla. Causative/simulative, loll 'ano. Change of nature, as of words and their etymology. 1511'1. Relaxed, at ease, without worry, carefree. Moe loli'i, to lie at ease. Ua noho 'o Maleka a Idli'i (song), America is well prepared, loll-ka'e. A variety of loli, sea slug, loll-kohoia. A variety of loli (Holothuria), black and cylindrical. Lit., reef loli. loll-koko. A variety of loli, perhaps Chirodota rigida. Lit., blood loli. lollloll. 1. Redup. of loli, 1; changing, turning, changeable, ho'olollloll. Causative/simulative. For example see ka'ina. 2. Soggy, gummy, tough and watery, as overripe taro. lolllua. Same as lolelua. loll-10'au. A variety of loli (Holothuria). Lit.. taro-tops loli. loll-m&koko. A variety of loli, perhaps Chiridota rigida. Lit., blood-red loli. lollna. A change, alteration, lolio. Skinny, thin. Cf. lio, taut, loll-pua. A species of edible loli (Holothuria). Lit., flower loli. lolo. 1. Brains, bone marrow. Iiau ka la i ka lolo, the sun rests on the brains [it is noonj. Lolo 'eleu, active mind or intelligence. 2. Religious ceremony at which the brain of the sacrificed animal was eaten (such ceremonies occurred at a canoe launching, start of journey, completion of instruction); to have completed the lolo ceremony, hence expert, skillod. He lolo 'au moana, seafaring expert. A'o ihola 'o Hale-mano i ka hula . . . pau ke a'o 'ana, lolo ihola i ka pua'a (For. 5:247), Hale-mano learned the hula . . . after learning, a pig was offered ceremonially. 3. Pithy, white sponge in a sprouting coconut. Also iho. 4. Long slender ole placed above the second ridgepole of a ouse, functioning as thatch purlin for the attachment of additional layers of thatch. Also called lolo 'iole. 6. First brew made from ti root. 6. Short for hinalea-'aki-lolo, a fish. 7. Same as holowa'a, sheath covering coconut flowers. 8. Exclamation: serves you right! 1010. Paralyzed, numb; feeble-minded. LOW moe halau, stupid one who sleeps in a workshop [a lazybones]. ho'olOlO. T o pretend paralysis, stupidity; to pretend to be asleep, loloa. 1. Redup. of loa, l.Lima loloa, long sleeve. 2. A seaweed. ( K L line 95.) lOloa. Emphatic form of loloa. Uhai Idloa, to follow persistently, lolo'a. Bleached, as a shell in the sea. loloa-malau. A hold in lua fighting. Lit., neat length. loloa'u. Flying gurnard, a fish (Dactyloptena orientalis). Also called pinao. loloha. Redup. of loha, to droop.

E

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1 o p a lololie. 1. Bedup. of lohe; to listen carefully, attentively, with good hearing. He pepeiao lolohe, an ear with good hearing, ho'ololohe. T o listen carefully; to strain the ear to hear. He ali'i 'o ka lani, he mo'opuna na Lono, he hiapo na ke kini, ho'ololohe ua (chant), the heavenly one is a chief, a descendant of Lono, the first-born of a multitude [of long lineage], a listener to the rain [unafraid of rain because of high rank], 2. Stubborn; hard to move, as a rock. Bare. Cf. ho'okololohe. ho'ololohe. Causative/simulative, lolohi. Redup. of lohi, 1. Lolohi ke a'o 'ana, slow in learning, lolohlll. Var. of loloiahili. lolohua. Same as mikololohua. lolohuamea. 1. Same as lolohua. 2. Variegated color, as of the distant sea. For example see lipo, 1. lolohuwa. One who is jealous and constantly stirring up trouble; jealous, loloiahili. T o wander, as one lost: to stray, dillydally; to digress and wander in speech, ho'ololol&hlli. Same as above. Me ka ho'ololoiahili 'ole aku, without further digression, loldlele. Redup. of ISiele. ho'ololdele. Causative/simulative. Ho'ololGiele kana hana 'ana, he works so slowly, lolo Mole. Same as lolo, hlolo lwl. Bone marrow. loloka'a. Dizziness, with spinning head; dizzy. Cf. niu loloka'a, poniuniu. lolokla. Coconut stem. loloku. Same as lokuloku. O lili'u 'o loloku, 'o walania i ke ki'i 'onohi (song), smarting, tearful, burning are the eyeballs. Iolokfi. 1. Midday. Ke loioku aku nei, it is noon. Cf. kau ka la i ka lolo, under lolo, 1. 2. Muscle on back of the head, probably the occipitofrontalis muscle; the nervous system. Also called moloku. lOlOkull. Deafness, as from disease. For example see 'a'a, 1. lololo. 1. Intelligent, brilliant; deep thinking. 2. Tasty, rich, fat, as marrow. Rare. lololoa. Intensive of loloa, 1. lololohe. Redup. and intensifier of lohe, to hear (said of a very keen ear). For example see 'a'a, 1. lOIolohua. Redup. of lolohua. lolomtl. Unsuccessful, unlucky. Obs. loloniu. Canoe hull made of coconut log. Obs. lolo niu. Embryonic sponge in a coconut; coconut sheath. Wa'a lolo niu, coconut sheath used as a toy canoe, lolopaloa. Same as lolopaioea. lolopaloea. Tall, spindly, thin, loloplll. Name of a design used on Niihau mats, loloplo. T o die calmly and easily. (For. 6:297.) lolo po'o. Brain. Lit., head brain, lolopua. Zenith. Eia la i ka lolopua o ka Inni, here is the zenith of the heavens, lolo'u. Redup. of lo'u. lolo w a ' a . Canoe-launching ceremony; to perform the ceremony. See lolo, I. loma. 1. Lazy, indolent, slow. idle. Cf. kuloma. 2. (Cap.) Rome; Roman. Bnj. lomaloma. Redup. of loma, 1. For example see halale. lomi. T o rub, press, squeeze, crush, mash fine, massage, rub out; to work in and out, as claws of a contented cat. Kamano lomi, i'a lomi, salmon or fish, usually raw, worked with the fingers and mixed with onions and seasoned. Kanaka lomi, masseur, masseuse, lomla. Passive/imperative of lomi. Pepe lomia e ka Inu-wai, crushed and mashed by the waterdrinking wind [as grass, but figuratively of lovers].

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lOmllo. T o spin with fingers; to twist, as thread in making rope or cord. Cf. milo, to twist, lomlloml. Redup. of lomi', masseur, masseuse, lona. 1. Block of wood used to support a canoe out of water. Also 'aki. 2. Useless, vain. ( A P . ) 3. Straight, direct. ( A P . ) Ionalona. 1. Var. of nonanona, ant. gnat. 2. Var. of nonanona, many. Lonalona na pu'u, there are many, many hills, lonlkfl, lonltu. Longitude. Eng. lono. 1. News, report, remembrance (Kanl. 32.26), rumor (sometimes formerly preceded by ke, as For. 5:331). Ku'i ka lono, the news spread, ho'olono. T o listen, hear, obey; obedient. Ku'i ka lono i Pelekane, ho'olono ke kuini o Palani (song), the news spread to England, the queen of France heard. ( P P N rongo, P M P DengeR.) 2. (Cap.) One of the four major gods brought from Tahiti, the god of the makahiki harvest festivities and of agriculture. He is also regarded as the god of medicine (Malo 96, 111), and his name occurs in chants concerned with cloud signs and weather phenomena. Captain Cook was believed to be the god Lono and was thus addressed. Ou kino e Lono i ka lani, he ao loa, he ao poko, he ao ki'ei, he ao hald, he ao ho'opua < ka lani (Malo 146), your bodies, O Lono, are in the heavens, a long cloud, a short cloud, a watchful cloud, a peery cloud, a cloud issuing forth in the heavens. 3. (Cap.) T h e 28th day of the lunar month. 4. (Cap.) Name of a star. See lono-maka-ihe. lonoft. Var. spelling of lonowa. lonohl'l. T o cry to be carried, of an infant carried too much; to fret in a spoiled way to be carried. Lit., hear carry. Mai hi'i mau 'oukou o lonohi'i kiia keiki, don't keep carrying this child or he'll want to be carried always, lono h o n u a . T o hear surprising or sudden news. lonokO. On the back; backward. ( A P . ) lonolau. Large-sized gourd. Also nonolau. lonolonowa. Redup. of lonowa. lonolupe. A banner held up by two staffs. Obs. l o n o - m a k a - i h e . Art of spear throwing, named for a god. Cf. muka ihe. Ua a'o anei 'oe i ka lono-maka-ihe? Have you learned the art of spear throwing? L o n o - m a k u a . Father Lono, elder Lono, a name for the ak.ua loa; Pelc i helper, louomea. A native tree (Sapindus oahuensis), to thirty feet high, with ovate leaves four by eight and two by five inches; it is found only on Oahu and Kauai. Kauai. On Oahu it is called kaulu. lonopapa. News spread far and wide; news BO well bruited that everyone has heard repeatedly; spread far, of news, lonopflha. 1. Art of healing, especially of wounds, abscesses. A'o i ka lonopuha, learn the healing art. 2. (Cap.) The name of a god of healing. lonowa. Hearsay, rumor; to keep hearing, as rumor. Also nonowa. lonu. Cheat, liar, rogue; to cheat, lie. Rare. !6nfl. T o swell up, as with disease. Cf. Bnfl. lo'ohla. Possessed, overwhelmed, overcome; to befall, happen. Ua lo'ohia i ka 'uhane_ 'ino, possessed by an evil spirit. Lo'ohia i ka nawaliwali, lo'ohia i ke kaumaha, overcome by weakness, overwhelmed by grief. Ua lo'ohia mai lakou i keia mau mea (1 Kor. 10.11), these things happened to them. Ifi'ohu. T o buck, of a horse. Kauai. lo'okfthi. Rare var. of lokahi. 16p&. 1. Shiftless; poor tenant farmer. LdpiI ho'opili wale, one entirely dependent on others for livelihood. LBpa kua kea, lazy IBpS, with untanned back; lit., white back. E aho no ke kumakahiki iko ka 'auana wale a ho'opili mea'ai paha a noho lopa wale iho no, it is better to have a yearly contract [as hired hand] than to vaga-

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— l ó p à l a u ' e k a b o n d a n d b e d e p e n d e n t f o r f o o d a n d l i v e just as a shiftless t e n a n t . 2 . A n u n c e r t a i n t e r m in t h e phrase ho'do lòpà, m a r r i a g e w i t h a r e l a t i v e 24 g e n e r a t i o n s r e m o v e d . ( F o r . 6:268.) l O p S l a u ' e k a . W o r t h l e s s , shiftless s q u a t t e r ( c o n t r a c t i o n o f iSpa palau'eka, worthless Wpa). l o p l , r o p l . T h r e a d . (Eng., r o p e ) . ( L u n k . 16.12.) lopl h o ' o h o l o h o l o . Basting thread, l o p l h u l u h u l u . W o r s t e d thread, l o p l h u m u l a u . E m b r o i d e r y thread, l o p l k & h o l o . B a s t i n g thread, l o p i n e . R o b i n . Eng. l O p l ' o . T o b e n d o v e r , as o n e n o d d i n g , sleeping, l o p u . C o n s e c r a t e d a d z e , as used in c a r v i n g , l o u . 1. H o o k : t o h o o k , t o f a s t e n w i t h a h o o k : to h o o k off, as w i t h t h e lou pole. Lou ka i'a, t h e fish is h o o k e d . Lou ka mana'o, thoughts are h o o k e d , as o f t w o persons t h i n k i n g o f each other, h o ' o l o u . T o hook, catch with a hook; t o p u t on a hook, as b a i t . O ka limu-kala ka maunu e ho'olou ai i ka makau ( F o r . 4:205), kala ( s e a w e e d ) was t h e b a i t placed on t h e h o o k . 2. V e r y l o n g f r u i t - p l u c k i n g pole, w i t h short sticks lashed o b l i q u e l y near the end f o r p l u c k i n g , as f o r b r e a d f r u i t . 3. P a i n in t h e side, stitch. 4. S a m e as louulu. 5. T a c h e , clasp ( P u k . 26.6). l o ' u . T o o v e r h a n g , as a c l i f f ; t o bend o v e r , as w i t h grief or l a u g h t e r : b e n t o v e r , as a laden liranch. C f . ha'alo'u. Ko'i lo'u, a d z e on bent h a f t . Lo'u pali, o v e r h a n g i n g cliff. ( P e r h a p s P P N loku. P M P dekung.) l o u a . 1. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of lou, 1. Loua mai, h o o k [it] this w a y . 2. V'ar. of laua. Loua 'ole aku ka hana, m u c h w o r k y e t t o be d o n e . I 6 u h u . S a m e as uhu, t o b o l t , strain. Obii. l o u l o u . 1. R e d u p . o f lou, 1 ; t o link or h o o k t o g e t h e r . 2. F i n g e r - p u l l i n g c o n t e s t : t w o p l a y e r s n o o k fingers and see w h o can k e e p his finger h o o k e d t h e longest, l o ' u l o ' u . R e d u p . of lo'u. l o u l l l . 1. A l l species of n a t i v o f a n p a l m s _ { P r i t chardia). ( N e a l 85.) A l s o noulu. C f . hawane. i 2 . U m b r e l l a , so called because t h e loulu p a l m leaf was f o r m e r l y used as p r o t e c t i o n f r o m rain or sun. 3 . Aiuterà monoceros, a fish, perhaps so called because its g r e e n i s h - w h i t e skin r e s e m b l e d t h e loulu p a l m : used in sorcery t o cause d e a t h because t n e n a m e c o n t a i n s t h e w o r d lou, t o b o o k . 4. T y p e o f heiau said t o be b u i l t f o r p r e v e n t i o n or epidemics, f a m i n e , d e s t r u c t i o n , l o ' u l u . A n endemic fern (Coniogramme pilosa) w i t h l e a v e s s o m e w h a t l i k e t h o s e o f t h e Dreadf r u i t t r e e Culu), b u t t h e d i v i s i o n s n a r r o w e r a n d deeper. l o u l u - h l w a . A small n a t i v e f a n p a l m (Pritchardia martii), w i t h t h i c k t r u n k t o six f e e t high. Lit., d a r k loulu. l o u l u - l e l o . A native fan palm (Pritchardia hillebrandii), w i t h trunk t o 20 f e e t high. Lit., y e l l o w i s h loulu. l o u u l u . B e t r o t h a l g i f t , as sent f r o m o n e f a m i l y to t h e o t h e r . Obs. 10. 1. T o scatter, t h r o w , as ashes: t o s o w ; t o shed, as a chicken its f e a t h e r s or a t r e e its l e a v e s ; t o push aside; t o d r i p , as w a t e r ; t o , s h a k e ; t o cast o f f , as g r i e f ; t o spend recklessly, s q u a n d e r . Pau ke kala i ka lu 'ia, all t h e m o n e y w a s s q u a n d e r e d . 2 . Seeds o f t h e pua-kala, p r i c k l y p o p p y . 3. G u n s h o t , so called because t h e pellets suggested t h e lu seeds. 4. S c a l l o p e d h a t b r a i d , as m a d e of b a m b o o , sugar-cane stem, pandanus, or c o c o n u t , l u a . 1. H o l e , pit, g r a v e , d e n . c a v e , mine, c r a t e r . Lua is a h o l e t h a t has a b o t t o m , c o n t r a s t i n g w i t h puka, p e r f o r a t i o n . Ho'opiha i ka lua o ka inaina, fill t h e p i t o f w r a t h [eat h e a r t i l y ] , h o ' o l u a . T o b a k e in t h e o v e n . C f . ho'olua under 1 tua, 3 a n d kàlua. Pua'a ho'olua, p o r k a n d t a r o t o p s b a k e d in ti leaves, called laulau today. ( P P N lua, P M P ruwang.) 2. T o i l e t , outhouse. 3 . T w o , second, s e c o n d a r y , t w i c e ; second o f a p a i r ; d o u b l y , much, a g r e a t d e a l . Ka Iva klia

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0 ko'u hele 'ana mai, this is t h e second of m y t r i p s here. 'O ka lua ia o na keiki, this is t h e second o f t h e c h i l d r e n . Ka'uka'u lua, t o delay m u c h . Kaumaha lua, e x t r e m e l y sad or h e a v y . Konikoni lua i ka pu'uwai, throbbing, throtbing in t h e heart, h o ' o l u a . T o d o t w i c e , repeat, d o o v e r a n d o v e r ; t o b a k e t w i c e , as f o o d ir. t h e o v e n . ( P P N rua, P M P Dewhaih).) 4. E q u a l . l i k e ness, d u p l i c a t e , c o p y , m a t c h . Lua 'ole, ^une q u a l l e d , w i t h o u t an equal, i n c o m p a r a b l e . Ola'i ikaika loa i 'ike 'ole 'ia kona lua, v e r y strong e a r t h q u a k e , t h e l i k e o f w h i c h had n e v e r been seen b e f o r e . B. C o m p a n i o n , m a t e . C f . kcko'o. 6. G e n e r a l n a m e f o r t y p e o f hand-to-hand fighting t h a t i n c l u d e d b o n e - b r e a k i n g , quick turns and t w i s t s o f t h e spear, noosing, l e a p i n g ; t o fight thus. l u a - . T o e n j o y oneself. C f . luakaha, luala'i, luana. - l u a . 1. ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l u a . ( a ) Strong, muscular, rough, ( b ) ( C a p . ) N a m e o f a strong north w i n d , f a m o u s in song. ( F o r . 5.27.) Ho'olua nui, b i g H o ' o l u a w i n d ; fig., t o talk l o u d l y and to n o purpose. 2. D u a l n u m b e r , o n l y in pronouns a n d possessives 'olua, kaua, maua. l u ' a . Old a n d w r i n k l e d , w o r n a n d s h a b b y w i t h use, w o r n - o u t ; s a g g i n g , h a n g i n g d o w n , f l i m s y ; s o f t , pliable. See 'alu'a. - l u ' a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o l u ' a . ( a ) T o b e a r m a n y children, (to) T o l a y an egg, as o f a chicken, l u a ' a . T o p o u n d poi. Obs. ( F o r . 6:397.) l u a a h i , l u a h l . 1. V i c t i m , as o f w r a t h . Mai ia'akikl aku 'oe i ke anu, 'o ke kino mai no ka uaahi, d o n ' t persist in g o i n g i n t o the cold, t h e b o d y will suffer f o r i t [lit., be t h e v i c t i m ] . 2. F e a r f u l , m i g h t y . Ka lima luaahi o ke koa, t h e fearful arm of the warrior, l u a a h l . P i t o f fire; hell. l u a ' & p a n a . Jester ( F o r . 5:479); h i l a r i t y , s p o r t ; t o l a u g h , jest, i n d u l g e in uproarious m e r r i m e n t . Obs. l u a ' e h u . M a n y and c o l o r f u l . Lua'ehu ka i'a i loa'a mai i hei mai i ka 'upena ( s o n g ) , c o l o r f u l and m a n y a r e t h e fishes c a u g h t , snared in t h e net. l u a ' e l l p O h a k u . Q u a r r y . Lit., p i t f o r d i g g i n g

f

stones, l u a 'ell w a l w a l . M i n e , l u a h a k a . Outhouse. l u a h e l e . P i t f a l l , seduction, d e c e p t i o n ; t o l e a d a s t r a y , seduce, d e c e i v e ,

luahl. See lua ahi. l u a h l n e , l u w a h i n e . 1. O l d w o m a n , o l d l a d y ; t o be an old w o m a n , h o ' o l u a h l n e . T o act o r dress l i k e an o l d l a d y ; t o t r y t o be l i k e one. 2. See kaula-luahine. l u a h o a n a . H a l o or r a i n b o w a r o u n d sun o r m o o n . Lit., polished p i t . l u a h o ' o k l ' o w a l . Cistern. L u a - h o ' o m o e . N a m e o f a star, said t o a p p e a r in t h e m o n t h o f H i n a i a - ' e l e ' e l e . l u a h u n a . H i d d e n or secret c a v e or pit, as w h e r e b o n e s o f t h e d e a d w e r e hidden, l u a ' l . V o m i t ; v o l c a n i c eruptions; t o v o m i t , e r u p t ; t o banish, e x p e l , d r i v e out, as p e o p l e . C f . lua'i koko. Lua'i a koko, t o v o m i t f o o d until b l o o d c o m e s . Lua'i po, outcasts, as w a n d e r i n g souls n o t a c c e p t e d in t h e r e a l m of t h e d e a d ; lit., n i g h t v o m i t , h o ' o l u a ' t . E m e t i c ; causing v o m i t i n g ; t o cause a v o m i t i n g , t o f e i g n v o m i t i n g ; t o g a g ; t o d r i v e o u t people. ( P P N lua'-aki, P M P luaq.) l u a l e l e . X. T o l i v e a dissipated life, reckless o f h e a l t h ; t o dissipate. Luaiele wale iho no i 'o 1 'ane'i, g o i n g h e r e a n d t h e r e [as a fickle l o v e r ] , 2. S w a y i n g . Nani ka 'Oiwi o ka la'au i ka luaiele 'ia e ka makani, beautiful t h e b o d y of t h e t r e e s w a y e d b y t h e w i n d [some a r e h a n d s o m e e v e n in a d v e r s i t y o r dissipation]. l u a ' l k o k o . A n y k i n d o f sickness w i t h v o m i t i n g of blood; to v o m i t blood.

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l u k a

l u a ' l k o . Disgusting, nauseating, sickening. 'O kana mau hana, he mea e lua'iku ai, what he does is disgusting, l u a ' l p e l e . Volcanic eruption, lava, sulphur, brimstone (Hoik. 9.17). l u a k a h a . E n j o y a b l e , pleasant, as a place t o which one is a t t a c h e d ; t o while away t h e t i m e enjoyably. He luakaha ko makou nohona i kela 'aina, our stay a t t h a t land was comfortable and pleasant, l u a k a i a l . Same as luahoana. Lit., hewn pit.

luak&lal lani. Same as luakalai.

l u a k e l e . C a v e for concealing. For roots cf. lua (pit) and hunakele (to bury), l u a k l n l . Temple, church, cathedral, tabernacle; large heiau where ruling chiefs prayed a n d h u m a n sacrifices were offered, l u a k u p a p a ' u . T o m b , grave. Lit., corpse pit. l u a l a ' i . Same as luana. E aha ana la ku'u lani, e luala'i la i Lakana (chant for Kalakaua), w h a t is my lord doing, enjoying life in London, l u a l i ' i l i ' l . Outhouse, toilet, l u ' a l o a . Large fishhook, as used for large fish or sometimes for bonito. l u a l u a . 1. Uneven, full of holes, rough, b u m p y , as a road. 2. Same as luelue, a fishing net. l u ' a l u ' a . R e d u p . of lu'a; aged,

lualua'l.

1. Redup. of lua'i.

R e d u p . of ho'olua'i. cud.

ho'olualua'l.

2 . T o raise and chew t h e

lualua'iua. Var. of lulua'ina, 1, 2.

l u a l u a n a . R e d u p . of luana. l u a m e k l . Deep pit or cave. (Zek. 9.11). l u a n a . T o be a t leisure; to enjoy pleasant surroundings and associates; to livo in c o m f o r t and ease; to enjoy oneself. He aha ka 'oukou e hana nei? E luana wale ana no, what are you all doing? J u s t enjoying ourselves, h o ' o l u a n a . Causative/simulative. Cf. lumi ho'oluana. l u a n a l k l . To pause a m o m e n t ; t o enjoy oneself a little. Ma'ane'i kakou e luana iki iho ai no na 'olelo e pili ana i ke ko'i (For. 5:291), here we'll stop a m o m e n t for t h e story concerning t h e adze. I u a u u ' u . Dressed o u t in t a p a , as temple images in Lono's temple on i m p o r t a n t occasions. (AP.) l u a ' o l e . Superior, incomparable, unequalled, second to none, l u a ' o n l . Second person to fall in battle, t h e second victim,

l u a 'Spala. Rubbish pit.

l u a p a ' a h a o . Dungeon. Lit., jail pit.

lua palolo. Clay pit.

l u a p a o . Burial c a v e : tunnel. Lit., cave pit. l u a p a ' Q . R e f u s e pit in t h e luakini or t e m p l e enclosure. Fig., a n y place of destruction. Lit., d a m p pit. 'O ka pakela inu lama 'o ka luapa'U ia o ke kanaka, excessive drinking of intoxicants is a cause of m a n ' s destruction, l u a p e l e . Volcano, crater. Lit., volcanic pit. l u a p o . Grave. (Hal. S8.3.) Lit., night pit.

l u a p u h l . Blowhole,

lua pOhl. Eel hole.

l Q ' a u . 1. Young t a r o tops, especially as b a k e d with coconut c r e a m and chicken or octopus. 2. Hawaiian feast, n a m e d for t h e t a r o tops always served a t one; this is not a n ancient name, b u t goes back a t least t o 1856, when so used by t h e Pacific Commercial Advertiser; formerly a f e a s t was pa'ina or 'aha'aina. 3. Dark-greenish m e a t in a turtle, considered a delicacy; so n a m e d because t h e color of its m e a t suggested t h e color of t a r o tops. 4. Same as limu-lu'au, a seaweed. 5. Kind of soft porous stone, as used in t h e ground oven. Obs. l u a ' u h a n e . T h e inner corner of each eye, next t o t h e nose: t e a r d u c t . Lit., soul-pit, so called because it was believed t h a t t h e soul leaves

— and enters t h e body of sleeping persons a t this point. IOau'1. T r u e parent, as contrasting with foster p a r e n t or a u n t or uncle ( m a k u a ) . Ku'u luau'i makua kane, m y t r u e father, l u a ' u n u . R e f u s e pit in a heiau. I u a w a l . Well, cistern (Isa. 36.16), pool, pond. reservoir, l u e , r u e . Rue. (Luka 11.42.) l u ' e . Loose, as a g a r m e n t ; hanging loose, long and flowing; loosened. h o ' o l u ' e . (a) T o loosen, let down, as hair: t o unfurl, as a flag; to hang down, (b) Same as ho'olu'a. - l u ' e . (With ho'o-) h o ' o l u ' e . T o shape a log for a canoe, as at bow and stern. Obs. l u e a . Seasickness, nausea, dizziness. Cf. poluea. l u e h u . 1. Easily scattered, dispersed, blown a w a y ; scaly, as skin. Lit., scattered fine. 2 . Kind of soft, porous stone t h a t breaks easily, l u e l u e . Bag net with meshes t h e width of a finger, as held open by a hoop of walahe'e wood and baited and lowered into t h e sea by f o u r long cords. l u ' e l u ' e . 1. R e d u p . of lu'e. 2. Loose gown, as of Biblical characters. 3. A hold in lua fighting. Ifi l i a u . Shaking down of dew or rain drops f r o m tree boughs by a breeze; to fall t h u s ; scattered dew. L O - l i a u - p u a . A wind of Ola'a, Hawaii, l u b e . To h a n g down, sag, droop; to wither, l u h e a . Passive/imperative of luhe. Ka lau luhea o ka 'ohai o Mana, t h e drooping leaves of t h e 'dhai of M a n a . I f l h e ' e . Fishing for octopus with line and cowry lure; t h e octopus lure; to fish thus. 10 h e l e l e ' l . To scatter, strew; t o let hair h a n g loose and u n b o u n d . Mai holo 'oe i tvaena o ke kaona me ka lu hele'.e'i o kou lauoho, d o n ' t ride t h r o u g h t h e midst of t h e t o w n with your hair hanging loose, l u h e l u h e . R e d u p . of luhe; to sag with f a t . l u h e l u h e a . Passive/imperative of luheluhe. Ka ua luheluhea i na pali, t h e [misty] rain hanging on t h e cliffs, l u h i . 1. Weary, tired, f a t i g u e d ; wearisome, tiresome, laborious, tedious; burden, wearisome or tedious t a s k ; labor, work, pains. Ko'u luhi, m y fatigue, h o ' o l u h i . To bother, disturb, trouble, wear o u t with work, overburden. Cf. hale ho'oluhi. Hiki anei ia'u ke ho'oluhi ia 'oe, m a y I trouble you [a polite preface t o a request]. 2. A child or o t h e r person tended and raised with devoted care: t o care for and a t t e n d with care and affection. Ka'u luhi, t h e person I care for. Luhi wahine 'ia, t o be cared for and raised by a woman. 'O La'a-kea, ka luhi a Na-maka, L a ' a kea is devotedly cared for by N a - m a k a . Ua luhi ka makua kane iaia, t h e f a t h e r cared for him with devotion and patience, l u h l a . A variety of shark. I u h i e h u . Beautiful, a t t r a c t i v e , festooned. Obs. Luhiehu ihola ka pua i Maile-huna (UL 237), b e a u t i f u l t h e flower a t Maile-huna. l u h i h e w a . Tired without accomplishing a n y t h i n g ; weary f r o m efforts t h a t bring no results, h o ' o l u h i h e w a . T o oppress, harass, b u r d e n t o no use.

l u h l l u h l . Redup. of luhi, 1. h o ' o l u h l l u h l . To m a k e tired, disturbed, etc; t o wear one down with work. Cf. ho'oluhi. l u h i n a . A laboring, wearying, caring for, etc. l u ' l . 1. I m a g i n a r y or indistinct sound. Obs. 2. T o abolish, nullify. Obs. (Oih. 5.39.) l u l a . Same as luhia.

h l ' i l u ' l . Redup. of lu'i, 1, Z. l u l n a . Sailor.

luka, ruda. Rood, in surveying. Eng. IQkS. Var. of mQkS., t o smack.

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— lukaluka lukaluka. 1. Var. of lupalupa, 1. 2. Same as palukaluka. 1. 3. Tapa sarong, as worn by men. (Malo 182.) lukamaea. Keligious ceremony for women, said to date from the time of Papa, lukanela, lutanela. Lieutenant. Eng. Iukau. Lookout; to look out, be careful. Eng. luke, lute. Lute. Eng. lake. T o prod open, as bivalve shells. Obs. Lukela, Lutera. Lutheran. Eng. Lukelano, Luterano. Lutheran. Eng. lukia. 1. Short for lu'ukia. 2. (Cap.) Also Rusia. Russia; Russian. Eng. loklnl. 1. Perfume. 2. (Cap.) Russian. Eng. 3. Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), a grass with fragrant leaves, lemony odor, edges sharp. Also called lapine. uklpa, lucifa. Lucifer. Eng. Ahikoe lukipa, lucifer. luku. Massacre, slaughter, destruction; to destroy, massacre, slaughter, lay waste, exterminate. Hele luku, go on a raid. Wai-luku (place name), waters of destruction, lukua. Passive/imperative of luku. lukuna. Destruction, slaughter, luku wale. Vandalism, useless slaughter or destruction; to dostroy thus, lula, rula. Ruler, tape measure; rules, manners, regulations. Eng. He kanaka lula 'ole, a man without manners; unruly. IQ1&. Calm, windless, dead stillj bored (rare). Lula au i ka ho'olohe i kana ha'i'olelo, I'm bored listening to his sermon, lula k u m u . Fundamental or basic rule. IfU&na. Same as lula. Lulana ihola ka pihe (UL 238), the shouting quieted. Ku'u hoa lulana i ka lipolipo, my peaceful companion in the forest depth. lule. 1. T o quiver, as jello; to sag, as flesh of a fat person; weak, flexible. 2. A variety of pili grass. 10 lehua. 1. A red tapa design. 2. T o scatter lehua flowers, said poetically of rain, lulelule. Redup. of lule, 1. lull. T o shake, as the head in approval or disapproval; to roll, as a ship; to totter, be unsteady; to sway to and fro (Mat. 11.7), wag. 'Ohe luli i ka makani, bamboo swaying in the breeze. Cf. 'aluli. ho'olull. T o rock, as a child; to shake, as a drink; to sway. Cf. mohai ho'oluli. lulilull. Redup. of luli. ho'Alulllull. Redup. of ho'oluli. Waiu ho'oluliluli, milk shake. 1Q10. Lei made of braided leaves or ferns, lulonl. T o sleep soundly. (AP.) lulu. Calm, peace, shelter, lee, protection, shield, cloak; to lie at anchor. Cf. lulu ali'i, palulu. Honolulu (name), protected harbor, ho'olulu. (a) T o lie quietly in calm water, as a ship in port; to be calm; to gather together to wait, as for transportation. Hale ho'olulu, depot, waiting station. Ho'olulu lei, to offer leis on an altar; the prayer uttered while making an offering of leis; lit., to make leis repose in peace and quiet. (b) T o chum, for fish; this type of fishing and fisherman. ( P P N TUTU, P M P DukDuk.) IQlfl. 1. Redup. of lu, 1; to scatter, sow, as seeds; to fan, winnow; to shake, as dice or the hands, or as an earthquake. Cf. ha'alulu. Hele akula kekahi kanaka lulti hua e lulu (Mat. 13.3), a sower of grain went forth to sow. ( P P N lulu, possibly P M P DugDug.) 2. Donation, offering, as in church; to make an offering, lulualele. Redup. of luaiele. lulu&'ina. 1. Freckles. Lulua'ina 'ole, without a freckle, said of one well-cared for in childhood who grows up handsome, gracious, and agreeable. 2. To pound 'ina and ha'uke'uke sea urchins as for bait.

—

—

lulu ali'i. Royal feather cloak (rare) chiefly protection. lOlabe'e. Redup. of luhe'e. luluhl. 1. Redup. of luhi, 1, 2. Ua liluhi na maka, the eyes are heavy with sleep, iio'oluluhl. T o make sleepy; drowsy. Mele hooluluhi, lullaby. 2. Black and heavy, of clouds; cvercast, threatening. (AP.) Iflltl b u a . Sower; to sow seeds, iuluka. Peace, calm. Obs. IfllQ lima. T o shake hands; handshake lululu. Redup. of lulu: dead calm, greit calm; becalmed; hanging limp, as a sail in a calm, luluml. Redup. of lumi, 1\ crushed, cnmpled, wrinkled. E lulumi ana na 'ale o Kauna cluint), the billows of Kauna rush pell-mell. Iiuki i ke kalo nui, lulumi i ka lepo a popo'i i kc mau'u, pull up the big taro, press the earth firnly and cover with grass, lulu'u. Same as lu'ulu'u, 1; said also rolong, as a s o u n d ; t o toll. Uwe ho'deoe, p r o o n g e d wailing. 2 . S a m e as lupe'akeke, a bird. 3. T e m p o r a r y booth occupied by priests during t a b o o d a y s of a heiau. Obs. ( M a l o 163.) ' o e ' o e . Y o u n g s t a g e of t h e kawakawa, bonito. ' o ' e ' o ' e . R e d u p . of 'o'e. I ho'i iho au e moe, 'o'e'o'e ana ko ia la kuli (song), I w e n t b a c k t o sleep, b u t h i s k n e e s k e p t p r o d d i n g . Kino 'o'e'o'e ( M a l o 46), b o d y w i t h s p i k e d p r o t u b e r a n c e s , as of a flsh.

f

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' o e ' o e n e ,

' o e ' o e n e , ' o w e ' o w e n e . S a m e as 'oene, 2. 'Oeoeo. Tall and slender, as trees growing without sunlight, ' o e o w e w e . Fluttering. Obs. He lau 'oeowewe, a fluttering leaf, o h a . 1. Spreading, as vines; thriving; to grow lush. 2 . Affection, love, greeting; to greet, show joyous affection or friendship. Cf. aloha. ' o h & . T a r o growing from the older root, especially from the stalk called kalo-, tender plant (Isa. 5 3 . 3 ) ; branch (Isa. 11.2). Fig., offspring, youngsters (For. 5 : 3 4 9 ) . Also called mu'u. See kalo for names of generations. Kai 'oha, sea with small waves. ' O h a . N a t i v e lobelias. Also called alula, haha, 'Bhaha, 'oha-wai. Ah&ha. 1. Flourishing, fully developed, plump, healthy. Ohaha ka ulu 'ana o keia kalo, this taro's growth is thrifty. He hua ali'i ohaha, a flourishing royal offspring. 2 . Distinct, clear sound or voice. Obs. ' o h & h a . S a m e as 'oha, lobelia. ' O h a h f t - w a l - n u l . S a m e as 'Bha-kepau. 'Altai. 1 . Monkeypod or rain tree ( S a m a n e a saman), a large leguminous tree from tropical America, grown in Hawaii for shade and street planting; flowers pink, tufted. (Neal 351.) 2 . A native legume ( S e s b a n i a tomentosa), a low to prostrate shrub with hairy, pale leaves and red or orange, inch-long flowers. (Neal 395.) ' O h a ' i . Imperfectly healed, as a broken limb. 'A'ohe ikaika keia lima, he lima 'dha'i, this a r m isn't strong, it's imperfectly healed. ' O h a l - a l l ' l . T h e pride of Barbados ( P o i n c i a n a pulcherrima), an ornamental leguminous shrub with red and orange flowers. One variety has yellow flowers. (Neal 379.) Lit., royal 'Bhai. ' A h a i - k e ' o k e ' o . T h e Sesban ( S e s b a n i a grandifiora), a leguminous tree from tropical Asia, with pea-shaped flowers about three inches long and pods to 24 by one-half inch. (Neal 394.) Lit., white 'Bhai. ' A h a l - ' u l a . T h e royal poinciana ( D e l o n i z regia), a legume from Madagascar, one of the showiest ornamental trees in Hawaii because of its brightred canopy of flowers, which are common and prolific in early summer. (Neal 377.) ' O h a l - ' u l a ' u l a . T h e red-flowered variety of 'Bhai-ke'oke'o (Sesbania grandiflora var. coccinea). Lit., red 'Bhai. ' A h a k a . S a m e as t h e more common 'olohaka. 'Ah&k&lat. T o polish lightly, as a spear; a stick for polishing. (AP.) ' O h a - k f p a u . A native lobelia (Clermontia hawaiiensis), a shrub or small tree; t h e gum was used to c a t c h birds which yielded feathers for featherwork L (Neat 717.) Lit., gum 'oha. Also called 'Bhdha-wai-nui, 'Bha-wai-nui. ' o h & k u l a ' i . Same as pu'uhau. Obs. ' A h a l a . Green, immature, as fruit. Obs. ' A h a l a h a i a . 1 . S a m e as halahala, 1. 2 . Redup. of 'Bhala. Obs. ' o h a n a . 1 . Family, relative, kin group; related. 2 . T o gather for family prayers (short for pule 'ohana). o - h a n a - k e k e ' a - u a - m a l k a ' l . N a m e of a hold in lua fighting. Lit., make t h e cross, is good. ' A h a n l . T o stir, as fire, or earth in a garden. Rare. ' O h a o . 1 . Swelling, dropsical condition: swollen. 2 . Dog's neck. Obs. 3 . T o tie, especially a dog b y t h e neck, or lau nets together. Obs. Cf. 'Bhao 'ilio. ' A h a ' o . Obs. var. of 'dla'o, t o weed, o h a o h a , ' o h a ' o h a . Redup. of oha, 1, t. Ohaoha launa 'ole na pua ma ka hikina (song), t h e flowers [maidens] in t h e east are incomparably friendly ; t h e flowers in t h e east thrive without rival. ' o h a o h a l a . 1 . A half-truth, exaggeration; t o enlarge on certain points; to exaggerate t h e

' o w e ' o w e n e

—

arguments on one side, b u t overlook conflicting evidence; dichotomized thinking. Rare. 2 . R a n k , of lush growth. Obs. 3 . Soft, sweet, of melody. (AP.) ' A h a o h a o . S a m e as 'Bhao, i. o h a ' o h a ' o . A fresh-water alga reported on Maul. ' A h a o ' I l i o . Insulting t e r m for kauwa, outcasts; they were likened to dogs ('Ilio) tied ('Bhao) and waiting to be baked; similarly kauwa wore small gourd pendants as insignia t h a t they were to become h u m a n sacrifices. ' O h f t - p a l l . A kind of lobelia. Lit., cliff 'Bhii. o h a - p u e o . A fruit tree listed by T h r u m (no data). 'Ah&wal. W a t e r dripping down a cliff as to a pool. ' A h f t - w a l . S a m e as 'Bha. native lobelias. ' O h a - w a i - n u l . A native Jobelia (.Clermontia arborescens), similar to 'Bha-kepau. ' O h e . 1 . All kinds of b a m b o o ; reed ( M a t . 2 7 . 4 8 ) ; flute; pipe, t u b e ; bamboo tube for preserving fish. Puhi 'ohe, to play a wind instrument; player of a wind instrument. Hula 'ohe ( U L 135), dance to t h e music of the nose flute. 2 . A coarse, jointed, native grass (Isachne distichophylla), to six feet high, with stiff, pointed leaves and open flowering panicle. 3 . A native bamboo-like plant (Jointillea gaudichaudiana), with stein about ten feet high, one inch or less in diameter, unbranched; leaf blades two t o three feet by three to five inches, pointed and plaited: flowering panicle about one foot long. 4 . A native tree (Reynoldsia sandwicensis), an araliad, with leaves about one foot long, each leaf with seven to eleven broad leaflets with scalloped edges. T h e wood of this kind of tree growing at Mauna-loa, Molokai, was reputed to be poisonous, was used for making poison gods, and is t h e tree form of Kapo, a goddess. See kalai-pahoa, kauila. T h i s tree growing elsewhere was not considered poisonous. 5 . A native variety of taro, thriving at altitudes above 1,500 feet ; leaf stem light-green, tinged with reddishbrown (perhaps like some variety of b a m b o o ) ; the corm pink-tinted, making excellent poi. (Whitney 58.) T h e t e r m may be qualified by t h e colors 'e'le'ele, kea or ke'oke'o, 'ula'ula. Lele no ka 'ohe i kona lua, t h e 'ohe leaps into its hole [a legendary reference; each In his own place]. 6 . Variety of fish (no d a t a ) . ' A h e a . 1 . Drowsy, apathetic, as after eating a big meal. Fig., weak, ineffective. He pua 'Bhea kind, ku 'ole i ke kikowaena (song), a weak arrow t h a t of yours, it doesn't hit the ball's eye. 2 . W a r m , tasteless, as water exposed t o the sun. ' O h e a h e a . Redup. of 'ohea, 1, i. 'Oheahea ho'i keia la, today is drowsy, sleepy, ' o h e - ' a l a . Sweet cane (Isa. 4 3 . 2 4 ) ; sweet calamus (Puk. 3 0 . 2 3 ) . ' A - h e ' e . S a m e as alahe'e, a shrub. ' 6 h e ' e . Octopus spearing; to spear octopuses, ' o h e h a . Somewhat lazy. See heha, maheha, ' o h e - h a n o - i h u . S a m e as hano, nose flute. ' O h e - H a w a i ' l . N a t i v e bamboo with long, green joints, and large leaves. Wood soft, makes best u'ili, rattles; formerly made into straw for ats. ( H P 213.) ' o h e h o ' o n u l ' I k e . Microscope. Lit., tube magnifying vision, ' o h e k a ' e k e ' e k e . See ka'eke'eke. ' o h e - K a h l k l . B a m b o o with short, green joints and large leaves. Wood hard, used for knives, fishing poles, house construction. Introduced from T a h i t i . ( H P 213.) Lit., foreign bamboo, ' o h e - k a n l . Flute. Lit., playing bamboo, ' o h e - k a p a l a , ' o h e - k & p a l a p a l a . Piece of b a m boo carved for printing t a p a ; bamboo stamp. Lit., printing bamboo. ' A h e k e . Somewhat modest. Cf. heke. He 'Bheke wale ko ke kua'aina kanaka, country people a r e

£

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' d h i ' a

rather shy. h o ' O h e k e . To cause shyness, t o b e modest. •ohe-klko'ola. A n a t i v e t r e e ( T e t r a p l a s a n d r a waimeae), f o u n d o n l y in f o r e s t s of K a u a i a b o v e W a i m e a ; a b o u t t h i r t y feet tall, w i t h f e w branches, t h e leaves a b o u t a foot long, e a c h leaf w i t h live t o t h i r t e e n l a r g e , o b l o n g l e a f l e t s , a n d like s o m e o t h e r a r a l i a d s , w i t h m a n y flowers i n u m b e l s . Lit., s t r a g g l y b a m b o o ,

' o h e - k u k u l u & e ' o . Same as 'ohe, J,.

'ohe-lau-ll'111'1.

Small-leafed bamboo.

•ohe-11'Ili'I. Dwarf bamboo.

' O h e l o . 1. A small n a t i v e s h r u b ( V a c c i n i u m reticulatum), in t h e c r a n b e r r y f a m i l y ; i t h a s m a n y branches with m a n y small, r o u n d e d , t o o t h e d leaves, a n d b e a r s r o u n d , r e d o r y e l l o w b e r r i e s , w h i c h a r e e d i b l e r a w or c o o k e d f o r s a u c e . F o r m e r l y s a c r e d t o Pele, t o w h o m o f f e r ings were made by throwing fruiting branches i n t o t h e flery p i t a t K i l a u e a . W i n d - d r i e d l e a v e s a r e still used f o r t e a . ( N e a l 583.) 2 . T o m o v e r a p i d l y t h i s w a y a n d t h a t or b a c k a n d f o r t h , a s a s t i c k p o k i n g a n o v e n ; t o r a m ; r a m r o d . See helo, 1. 3 . A h u l a d a n c e : t h e d a n c e r l e a n s o v e r on o n e side, s u p p o r t i n g himself w i t h o n e h a n d , and with the opposite foot and a r m making a s a w i n g m o t i o n ; m a n y mele 'ohelo h a v e s e x u a l i m p o r t . Also called hula helo. 'Ohelo-'al. S a m e a s '(¡helo. 1. Lit., e d i b l e 'ohelo. 'Ohelo-'ele'ele. B l a c k b e r r i e s . 'Ohelohelo. P i n k , r o s y , of t h e c o l o r of 'ohelo berries. He aloha no na pua, na pua 'dhelohelo, beloved t h e blossoms, the pink blossoms, h o -

' O h e l o h e l o . To color pink.

'Ohelo-huihul. N a m e of a s e a w e e d . 'Ohelo hukl m a n u . F l e x i b l e g u m m e d

rod used f o r e x t r a c t i n g 'ua'u fledglings f r o m t h e i r holes. Lit., r o d f o r p u l l i n g birds. 'Ohelo-kal. S a m e a s 'ae'ae, a s h r u b . 'Ohelo-kau-lS'au. A n a t i v e b u s h ( V a c c i n i u m calycinum) r e l a t e d t o t h e 'dhelo b u t h i g h e r a n d h a v i n g l a r g e r l e a v e s a n d less p a l a t a b l e f r u i t . Lit., 'ohelo p l a c e d o n t r e e s . 'Ohelo-papa. A n a t i v e s t r a w b e r r y ( F r a g a r i a chiloensis), growing on Hawaii a n d M a u i bet w e e n a l t i t u d e s of 3 , 5 0 0 a n d 6,000 f e e t , a n d also f r o m A l a s k a t o P a t a g o n i a . T h e w h o l e p l a n t , e x c e p t t h e u p p e r side of t h e leaves, is s i l k y hairy. Fruits ripen from J u n e to September, a n d a r e r e d (or w h i t e in o n e v a r i e t y ) . O t h e r c u l t i v a t e d species a n d v a r i e t i e s , w i t h l a r g e r f r u i t s , a r e g r o w n in H a w a i i . ( N e a l 343.) 'ohe-mauka. A s m a l l n a t i v e t r e e ( T e t r a p l a s a n dra oahuensis), f o u n d o n l y on O a h u ; m u c h l i k e i t s r e l a t i v e , t h e 'ohe-o-kai, but having oblong, e n t i r e leaflets. Lit., u p l a n d 'ohe. 'Ohemo. 1. W e a k , a s r e s u l t i n g f r o m d y s e n t e r y . h o ' O h e m o . To cause weakness; to pretend w e a k n e s s . 2 . Obs. v a r . of ho'ohemo. See hemo. He ukuhi 'ohemo na keiki, c h i l d r e n c o m p l e t e l y weaned.

'Ohemohemo. R e d u p . of 'ohemo. 'ohe n&n&. S p y g l a s s , t e l e s c o p e , m i c r o s c o p e . F o r e x a m p l e see 'ohuna. Lit., t u b e f o r l o o k i n g , 'ohe-naupaka. A n a t i v e naupaka (Scaevola

glabra), a s h r u b o r s m a l l t r e e of t h e m o u n t a i n s , w i t h yellow, c u r v e d , t u b u l a r flowers, a b o u t o n e inch long.

' o h e n e . Same as 'olu-'ekeloa-ho'oka'a-moena,

but

a g u a r d i a n of t h e o p p o s i t e sex of t h e h i g h c h i e f or c h i e f e s s whose s l e e p i n g p l a c e w a s g u a r d e d , oheohe. T a l l a n d s t r a i g h t , p r e c i p i t o u s , s t e e p . Hau oheohe, hau t r e e w i t h a s t r a i g h t t r u n k . Ka ua i Liliko'i e, oheohe i luna la, t h e r a i n a t Liliko'i, so s t e e p a n d h i g h , ' o h e ' o h e . 1. Tall n a t i v e trees (Tetraplasandra kauaiensis a n d v a r i e t i e s ) , closely r e l a t e d t o t h e 'ohe-mauka, a n d f o u n d o n all H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s . 2 . S a m e a s pu'ohe'ohe, Job's-tears. 3. A variety of s w e e t p o t a t o , 'ohe-o-kal. S a m e a s 'ohe-kukuluae'o. 'Ohepa. M o r o n i c . See hepa.

leo

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'ohe-pl'o. S i p h o n . Lit., b e n t b a m b o o , 'ohe puhl ahl. B a m b o o fire-blowing

tube, ' o h e p u l u k a . F l u t e . Lit., flute (.Eng.) b a m b o o . 'Oheu. T o s p r o u t , a s y o u n g s e e d l i n g s o r a s a o u n g m a n ' s b e a r d ; t o w e e d fine y o u n g seed-ngs. ' O h e u h e u . R e d u p , of 'Shew, f u z z y . 'Ohewa. D e l i r i o u s , i n c o h e r e n t , a s a d r u n k a r d . h o ' O h e w a . To bring on drunkenness; d r u n k , incoherent. 'Ohewahewa. R e d u p . of 'ohewa. 'Ohewahetca ka maka, b l e a r y - e y e d , glazed eyes. ho'Ohewahewa. R e d u p . of ho'Bhewa. • o h e - w a l . W a t e r pipe; bamboo water container, o h l . 1. Y o u n g animal, usually female; m a i d e n just entering womanhood; youth; youthful g r o w t h . Ohi moa, y o u n g p u l l e t . Pipi ohi ( I s a . 7.21), y o u n g c o w . 2 . T o peel, as b a r k . Obs. ' o h l . 1 . T o g a t h e r ; collect, a s w a g e s or t a x e s ; t o s e l e c t ; t o d r a f t , a s s o l d i e r s ; t o b u y . Na mea 'ohi, g l e a n i n g s . Ua 'ohi 'ia na kia'i, t h e g u a r d s w e r e s e l e c t e d . 'Ohi mai noho'i 'o Iehouia ia'u ( H a l . 27.10), t h e L o r d h a s t a k e n m e u p . 2 . B u n d l e , a s of t a r o o r l e a v e s ; c o l l e c t i o n . 3. T o g u s h , c h a t t e r a i m l e s s l y a n d r a m b l i n g l y . 'Ohi hapuku, t o c h a t t e r f o o l i s h l y . Waha 'ohi, g a b b l i n g m o u t h . Cf. 'ohikui, pua'ohi. 'ohia. P a s s i v e / i m p e r a t i v e of 'ohi, 1. 'Ohia mai a pau pono na 'ike kumu o Hawai'i (chant for K a l a k a u a ) , g a t h e r u p e v e r y b i t of t h e b a s i c k n o w l e d g e of H a w a i i . 'Ohi'a. 1. T w o k i n d s of t r e e s : see 'ohi'a-'ai, 'ohi'a-lehua. 2 . T o m a t o . See 'ohi'a-lomi. 3. A n a t i v e v a r i e t y of s u g a r c a n e : d e e p - r e d a n d green striped cane, when young becoming b r o n z e - r e d a n d y e l l o w - b r o w n on e x p o s u r e (like l e a v e s a n d flowers of t h e 'ohi-a-'ai, the source of i t s n a m e ) ; l o a v e s s o m e w h a t v a r i e g a t e d . ( H P 222, 225.) 4. A v a r i e t y of t a r o . 5 . A r e d b i r t h m a r k , s a i d t o be c a u s e d b y t h e p r e g n a n t m o t h e r ' s l o n g i n g f o r m o u n t a i n a p p l e s ('ohi'a'ai]I a n d e a t i n g t h e m . 6. T a b o o e d , a s rood p a t c h e s d u r i n g f a m i n e . Obs. '0hl'a-'al. T h e m o u n t a i n a p p l e ( E u g e n i a malaccensis), a f o r e s t t r e e t o 5 0 f e e t h i g h , f o u n d o n m a n y I s l a n d s of t h e P a c i f i c . I t b e l o n g s t o t h e m y r t l e f a m i l y , h a s l a r g e o v a l leaves, l i g h t - r e d , t u f t e d flowers g r o w i n g f r o m t r u n k a n d b r a n c h e s , a n d r e d (or w h i t e ) a p p l e - l i k e f r u i t s . F o r m e r l y Hawaiians prepared the fruit, splitting and d r y i n g it. in t h e s u n . ( N e a l 559.) Lit., e d i b l e 'ohi'a. 'Ohi'a noho i ka malu, 'ohi'a s t a y i n g in t h e s h a d e [of flawless b e a u t y ; t h i s t r e e g r o w s in f o r e s t s ] .

S

' O h l ' a - ' a l - k e ' o k e ' o . A r a r e v a r i e t y of 'ohi'a-'ai tree with whito blossoms a n d white fruit. ' O h i ' a - ' & p a n e . S a m e a s 'ohi'a-lehua except t h a t t h e b l o s s o m is d a r k - r e d . P e r h a p s t h e n a m e r e f e r s t o t h e r e d n e s s of t h e 'apapane, a bird. '0hl'a-ha. S a m e as ha, 7, a n a t i v e species of Eugenia, r e p o r t e d b y T h r u m a s kauokahiki and b y R o c k a s pa'ihi (Maui). 'Ohi'a-hakea. S a m e a s 'ohi'a-kea. 'Ohi'a hamau. S a m e as lehua hamau. 'Ohi'a-kea. A n 'Bhi'a-'ai o r 'Shi'a-lehua with white blossoms. '0hl'a-ku. A n a t i v e filmy f e r n ( H y m e n o p h y l l u m recurvum) w i t h n a r r o w , s u b d i v i d e d f r o n d s , t o a foot long, grows on trees in d a m p forests. Lit., s t a n d i n g [on] 'ohi'a. 'Ohi'a-ku-makua. S a m e a s '¡Shi'a-lehua. 'Ohi'a Laka. A l e g e n d a r y 'ohi'a t r e e t h a t b o r e o n l y t w o flowers, a r e d o n e o n a n e a s t e r n branch and a white one on the western branch; t h e w o o d w a s b e l i e v e d e n d o w e d w i t h mana. 'Ohi'a-lehua. See lehua. 'Ohi'a-lehua-puakea. A n 'ohi'a-lehua with w h i t e flowers. 'Ohi'a leo. A p o e t i c n a m e f o r 'Shi'a-'ai. Lit., v o i c e 'dhi'a, so called b e c a u s e t h e s e f r u i t t r e e s w e r e n o t t a b o o . C f . lehua hamau.

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' o h i ' a - l o k e ' O h l ' a - l o k e . The rose apple (Eugenia jambos), a tree from tropical Asia, t o about 30 feet high, bearing round, crisp, edible fruits an inch or more in diameter, which are yellowish and pink and have a roselike odor. (Neal 560.) Lit., rose {Eng.) 'ohi'a. ' O h i ' a - l o m i . The c o m m o n table t o m a t o (Lycopersicon esculentum var. commune), sometimes used for lomi salmon. (Neal 659.) ' O h l ' a - m a - k a n a h e l e . The currant t o m a t o (Lycopersicon pimpinelli folium), resembling the c o m m o n table t o m a t o but with small round red fruits only about half an inch in diamoter. A native of Peru L it has long been growing wild in Hawaii. Lit., 'ohi'a in the brush. ' O h i ' a - ' u l a . An 'ohi'a-'ai with red fruit, ' o h l ' l k a u . A hold in lua fighting, ' o h l k a u . To listen in order to gossip; to gossip; a gossip. 'Ohiki. 1. To probe, pry, pick out; t o prod, as the earth with a digging stick; to shell, as peas; to pick, as the teeth or nose; to clean out, as the ears. 2. Sand crab, probably Ocypode ceratophthalma. 3. T a p a design. ' O h i k l - ' a u - m o a n a . Crabs found in the open ocean, possibly of the genera Planes or Pachygrapsus (P. marinus). Lit., ocean-swimming 'dhiki. ' O h l k l h i k i . Redup. of 'ohiki, 1; t o pry into the past, especially an unsavory past. Cf. la'au 'ohikihiki niho. ' O h l k l - m a k a - l o a . 1. A variety of edible crab (no data). Lit., long-eyed 'ohiki. 2 . N a m e of a hold in lua fighting, ' o h i k u l . To talk ramblingly. ' O h i l a . Somewhat ashamed, shy. See hila. ' o h l l o a ' a . T o collect revenue; revenue collection. ' o h l n a . Gathering, collecting; selection. Cf. 'aupapa and 'ohi, to pick. Ho'okahi no 'ohina, piha ku u 'eke kalena (old sailor's song), only one collecting, m y coin purse is full. ' O h l n u . Shiny, greasy; piece of roasted meat; roast; grease. Ka 'dhinu tele uahi manu e (chant), the grease coming from the bird smoke. ' O h i n u h l n u . Redup. of 'ohinu. 'Ohio. Gusty, windy; t o let wind. Fig., uncertain, vague, flighty. Cf. hihio. 'O ka mea i ho'olala ia, ke 'ohio nei no, the plan is still vague, o h l o h l . 1. T o grow vigorously, flourish, of plants. Ulu ohiohi na lehua o Pana-'ewa, i ka mili 'ia e ka ua Kani-lehua (song), the lehua of Pana'ewa grow splendidly, constantly fondled by the ieAua-drlnkfng rain. 2. T o show, of wood grain, ' o h l ' o h l . Redup. of 'ohi, 1, 3. ' O h i ' o h l ' o . 1. Tipsy. Cf. kahi'o. 2. A seaweed. ' O h l p a . Var. of 'ohepa. ' O h l ' u . 1. Same as 'ohiki', to dig up the past, especially past sins of others. 2. Stick used as a needle in thatching; t o thatch thus. ' O h l ' u h l ' u . 1. Redup. of 'ohi'u. 2. Var. n a m e for blue uhu, parrot fish, so called at Kawai-hae. ' o h i w a u k e . Bundle of wauke bark, o h o . 1. Hair of the head; leaves of plants; t o leaf out, sprout. Cf. lauoho. Oho ka ho'i ka ulu 'ana o ka palai, the ferns are growing and sending out leaves. 2. T o call out, cry; outcry; to leap up, as startled birds. Ke oho 'alana (For. 6:377), the proclaimed offering. h o ' O h o . T o exclaim, shout, halloo. (Puk. 24.3.) Cf. ho'ohooho below, o h o h l a . Enthusiasm; enthusiastic, delighted, pleased; enthusiastic acclaim, o h o k u ' l . Wig, switch. Lit., added hair. O h o l e h o l e . Same as aholehole, a fish. Obs. ' O h o l l . Same as holi, 1, 2. o h o l u p a l u p a . 1. Abundant, luxuriant, as plants or hair tresses, 2. N a m e of a tapa design. ' O h o m a . Same as homa, 1, 2, 3.

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' O h o n o h o n o . Slightly offensive odor, as of bog, marsh. Cf. honohono. o h o o h o . Redup. of oho, 2. h o ' O h o o h o . Redup. of ho'oho. (Hal. 41.11.) O h o p e h o p e k e ' a . To begin to form, of tubers (Kep. 87). Obs. ' o h u . Mist, fog, vapor, light cloud on a mountain; adorned as with leis. Hui 'ia ke 'ala me ke onnona i lei 'ohu nou, e Kalani (name song for Lili'u-o-kalani), combined are fragrance and sweetness into a lei to adorn you, O Queen. h O ' o h u . To form mist; misty, etc. 'Ohtl. Swelling, as of the sea, especially a small comber that rises without breaking, but of sufficient strength to speed a surfboard; protuberance, bump on the head; hillock, elevation; to swell, rise in a lump, protrude; t o rise, of a wave before it breaks. hO'OhO. Causative/simulative. ' O h u a . 1. Retainers, dependents, servants, sojourners in a household; passengers, as on a vessel. 2. Young of such fish as hinalea, kala, kupou, manini, pualu, uhu. 3 . To glide, slip, glance, as an arrow. ' O h u a - h S ' e k a ' e k a . Same as pala-pohaku, young of manini. ' O h u a k a l a . Y o u n g of the fish kala. ' O h u a - k & n l ' o . Second growth stage of manini, with stripes. Lit., striped young. ' O h u a k & p e n a . Cabin (Eng.) passenger. ' O h u a - k U k a e - p u a ' a . Young of the fish humuhumu. Lit., pig excrement young; said to be so called because of the tale that the demigod Kama-pua'a disguised himself as one of a school of humuhumu; when Pole's family caught some of the humuhumu he appeared as a h u m a n and taunted t h e m as grasping his excrement. ' O h u a - l l k o . Earliest growth stage of manini, which is transparent. ' O h u a - l l p o a . Y o u n g fish feeding on lipoa, a seaweed. ' O h u a - n i h o - n u l . Young, probably of 'awela, a flsh. Lit., big-toothed young. ' O h u a ' o n e k l . Deck passenger. ' O h u a - p a ' a w e l a . Young, probablv of 'aweia, a fish. ' O h u a - p a l a - p O h a k u . See pala-pohaku, 2, manini young. ' O h u a - p a l e m o . Y o u n g of uhu, parrot fish. Fig., a clever person who gets away with mischief. Lit., slippery young. ' O h u a - u n a h l - n u l . Same as 'Bhua-palemo. Lit., big-scaled young. 'Ohu'I. T o twist, as in pulling out a tooth; t o extract, pull out. Obs. ' O h u ' l h u ' l . 1. S o m e w h a t cool. See hu'ihu'i. 2. Redup. of 'dhu'i. ' O h u k u . S a m e as huku. 'Ohuku 'ale, rising billow. ' O h u l e . 1. Bald; bald person. h o ' O h u l e . T o cause baldness; t o shear the hair completely. 2. Defeated without getting a single score, whitewashed; loser in the card g a m e build. h o ' O h u l e . T o whitewash, defeat. 'Ohflle. M e e t i n g point of receding and incoming waves. Obs. ' O h u l u . T o feather out; t o grow, especially of vines growing from discarded or broken bits of sweet p o t a t o ; watery and of poor quality, as such potatoes. ' 0 h u l u . Seal hunter; to spear seals. Lit., spear fur. ' O h u l u h u l u . Hairy (of body hair), shaggy. ' O h u m u . T o grumble, complain, find fault, conspire, plot; conspiracy. Cf. 'ohumuhumu. 'O ka 'dhumu e make ke ali'i, the plot to kill the king. 'Ohumu kini, constantly complaining. ' O h u m u h u m u . Redup. of 'ohumu-, t o relate one's woes, as t o a s y m p a t h e t i c friend. Ku'u

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hoa 'dhumuhumu, the friend to whom I may unburden myself. ' O h u m u k l p i . Conspiracy or plot to rebel. ' A h u n a . 1. Secret, hidden thing. He 'dhuna nalo 'ole kau i ka 'ike a ku'u 'ohe nana (song), yours is a secret that cannot be hidden from my telescope. 2. Same as 'dhune, 1, 2. 'Ghune. 1. Skin rash. 2. Small goby. 3. Same as hune, tiny. 4. A kind of seaweed. 'Ahune-wela. A heat rash, prickly heat. Pi'i ka 'ohune we la, to get a heat rash. ' o h u ' o h u . 1. Redup. of 'ohu. 'Ohu'ohu i na lei, decked with leis. 2. White tapa with black dots and figures. 'ohQ'ohO. Redup. of 'ohu. o l . To move; to turn sideways, as contemptuously; to slouch along, gyrate along; to pull away, as in anger; motion of leisurely swaying (less common than oioi). Of. -oio, oioi. Mai oi aku 'olua a kokoke (For. 5:17), don't you two move up too close. Pan ke oi 'ana o ko laua man kino, their bodies stopped slouching about [in anger]. 01. Var. spelling of Otci. ' o i . 1. Sharp; sharpness. lluina 'oi, acute angle. I laila ka 'oi kepa lua o Hina-moe (For. 6:373), there the sharp double snapping [tusks] of Hina-moe. hO'Ol. To sharpen. 2. Best, superior; exceeding; to exceed, excel; extra, above, remaining. A 'oi, emi mai, more or less. Maui no ka 'oi, Maui is the best. Hola 'elua a 'oi, two o'clock or a little after. 'O ka lehua ka 'oi kela 0 na pua, lehua is the best of flowers. hG'ot. To excel; best. Na pono kaulele hd'oi (song), the gains over and above. 3. Same as 'oiai, 1, 2. 4. Same as 'oia, 1. 'Oi noke, 'oi huli, 'oi naku, 'oi huli na kanaka, 'a'olc loa'a iki, the people kept persevering, kept hunting, kept delving, kept searching, without any success at all. *o'i. To limp. hO'o'I. To cause to limp, to pretend to limp. ' o i a . 1. Same as o, 2; to keep doing, persevere. See 'ea, 3\ 'oia mau no; 'oi. 4. 2. Truth; true. E hele mai a 'ike he 'oia ka'u, come and see the truth with me. llO'ola. To confirm, audit, verify, profess (Kanl. 26.17). Luna ho'oia, auditor. 3. He, she, it (used as subject except after a loa'a-type word); this, namely this, namely, thus; that's it, that's right, go ahead. J Makapu'u la a 'oia mai, just this side of Maka-pu'u. Oia no! Yes, that's so; that's right! 'Oia 'eat Is that sol So that's itl 'Oia ho'i! So it Is! That's sol 'Oia paha, maybe so; all right (as in reluctant acquiescence). 'A 'oia, that's right. 'Oia anal Let me see! Let me look! Ke nana aku 'oe 1 kela keiki, 'oia no 'oe 'o ke keko, when you look at that child, [he's] just like a monkey. 'Oia noho'i ha kona mea i hele ai, so that's why he went; no wonder he wont. ' o . . . la. Idiom indicating recent action. Just, just now. 'O ka 'ai 'ana ihola no ia o lakou, a hele aku nei, they had just oaten, and then went. 'O ka make no ia o ke ali'i, the chief has just died. ' o i a a n a . Let me see! Show me! I dare you (sarcastically)! (Usually shortened to 'oiana or 'ollana.) ' o i a a n a n o . It's the same result: regardless. ' o i a h o ' l h a . All right, then; so that's it after all. (About the same as 'oia ho'i: see 'oia.) ' o l a l . 1. While, meanwhile. 'Oiai au i ke kula, while I was in school. 'Oiai i ke au o Kamehameha, during the time of Kamehameha. 2. Although. Ua hB'eha 'oia 'oiai no 'a'ohe ona lima, he was hurt, but still not [by] hands. ' o i a ' I ' o . True; truth; truly, firmly, certainly; faithfulness (Hal. 92.2). Cf. 'i'o, palapala hB'oid'i'o. 'O au no me ka 'oia'i'o, I am, sincerely. Na mea 'oia'i'o, facts. 'Oia'i'o, he 'oia'i'o (Ioane 16.20), verily, verily. 'Oia'i'o ka ho'i, is that so, so [as in anger, surprise]. ho'ol&'i'o. To verify, prove; to acknowledge, as a title; deed, proof, verification.

' o i a m a i l n o . Same as ever, continuing the same, just the same (often said in answer to Pehea 'oe? How are you?) See 5, 2; 'oia, 1. ' o l a n a . See 'oia ana. 'oia p a h a . See 'oia, 3. 'Olhana. 1. Occupation, trade, profession, job. industry, business; customs; activities; department, office; Biblical book of Acts; professional. Noho 'oihana, office holder, job holder; to stay in an office or job. 'Oihana mahi'ai, agricultural industry. 'Oihana 'oko'a o na hua'dlelo, functions of words. ' I k e pili 'oihana, professional knowledge. 2. Tools, utonsils. (Puk. 38.3.) Obs. ' o i h a n a a l l ' I . Duty or office of king; book of Chronicles in the Old Testament, ' o i h a n a h a n a k a l a (dala). Mint. Lit., moneymaking department, ' o i h a n a h e m o l e l e . Clergy. Lit., pure profession, ' o i h a n a h o ' o n a ' a u a o . Department of instruction, educational system, ' o i h a n a k a h u n a . Priesthood, office and duties of a priest; book of Leviticus in the Old Testament. ' o i h a n a k a k a u kope. Registration office. Lit., copyrighting office. ' o i h a n a k a i a l ' a l n a . Department of interior, in the days of the monarchy, ' o i h a n a k i n a i a h l . Fire department: job of putting out fires. Lit., fire-extinguishing job or department. ' o i h a n a kill. Secret service, department of secret police, ' o i h a n a m i k l ' a l a . Manufacturing. Rare. ' o i h a n a wai. Water works, department of water, 'ol h o ' l h a . Same as 'oia ho'i hH. 'Olkl. Somewhat small, narrow. 'Olkliki. Somewhat hot. Cf. ikiiki. oikfl. To heave the shoulders, as during an attack of asthma; to wallow, strain; spasm of pain. Eia Hawai'i nui o Keawe, ke oiku nei me ka 'eha'eha (chant for Kapi'o-lani), here is great Hawaii of Keawe, heaving spasms of pain, ' o ' i l e p a . Short for 'o'ili-lepa, a fish, ' o y i i . 1. To appear, come into view; appearance. 'O'ili ka maka, to come up, as seeds, bulbs; to sprout. For examples see pulelo. 2. Heart (of emotions). Ku'u o'ili ke lele wale nei (For. 5:307), my heart throbs with strong emotions. 'Apo'apo a'ela kona 'd'ili (Mat. 2.3), troubled, agitated. 3. A fish. See 'o'ili-lepa, 'fi'ili-'uwi'uwi. 'O'lil'IlI. Redup. of 'o'ili-, appearing here and there, once or successively. Ua 'S'ili'ili (Kep. 184), rain that comes and goes. 'O'ili-lepa. A fish (Amanses sandwichiensis); black with reddish-yellow fins. Lit., flag appearing, so called because of top fin. ' 6 y i l l u a . Prominent, conspicuous, clearly seen. 'O'ili lua kela hale e ku mailu i ka pu'u, that house on the hill is very conspicuous. '0'111-oeoe. Said to be same as 'Q'ili-'uwVuwl. Lit., long-necked 'o'ili, 'O'ill-'uwI'uwI. A fish (Pervagor spilosoma); yellow with black dots on its body, a diagonal stripe on head; the tail is orange, the dorsal and ventral pale yellow; this fish is seldom seen but occasionally appears in great numbers and by some is considered an omen of the future death of royalty; sometimes they are washed ashore: seldom eaten but sometimes the dried fish are used for fuel. Lit., squealing 'd'ili, so called because of the noise it makes. 'O'ili wale. To appear for no apparent reason, especially of premature birth, 'olio. l . Seedling; to germinate, sprout. 2 . Young, as of 'o'io or or eel. ' o l l u a . Two-edged, as a dagger, ' o i o . Rare var. of nolo, a tern, - ' o i o . (With hB-) hO'oio. To show off: to assume an air of superiority, as a child who cuts capers;

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conceited; affectation, conceit. Cf. oi. HB'oio le'a, to show oil with delight, ' o i ' o . Procession of ghosts of a departed chief and his company. M o r e commonly called huaka'i po. *6'Io. 1. Ladyflsh, bonefish (Albula vulpes). Stages of growth are: pua 'd'io, finger length; 'amo'omo'o, forearm length; 'd'io, adult, two to three feet long. 2. Soft jelly-like coconut flesh, so called perhaps because of its resemblance to mashed 'o'io. 3. Kind of braid or plaiting, as in hat bands, so called because it was thought to resemble the backbone of the 'o'io. 4. Polishing stone. ( A P . ) 5. Long bundle of salt or fish. (AP.) '0 T o . Fork (Puk. 38.3), flesh hook, oiol. Redup. of oi-, to squirm. ho'OIOI. Same as hd'oio; to arouse envy, as for one's possessions. ' o l ' o l . 1. Redup. of 'oi, 2; superior: a superior person. He 'oi'oi no Maui-hikina (For. 5:251), East Maui is prominent indeed [said of superior things, as feminine beauty], hO'ol'ol. T o show off, act supejior. 2. Full of sharp points, thorn; sharp. Pa la'au 'oi'oi ( M i k . 7.4), thorn hedge. hO'ol'ol. T o make sharp points, sharpen. • o T o ' i . Redup. of 'o'i, to limp. olotkO. Redup. of oika. ' o l ' o l n a . Point, peak, cape, o ' l o ' l n a . Resting place for travelers, such as a shady tree, rock ( P H 20). Kahi o'io'ina (Kin. 42.27), inn. 'O'lo'lo. T o chitchat, chirp. Cf. 'io'io. ' o l o l e ' a . ( W i t h ho-) h 6 ' o l o l e ' a . Conceit; to show off. •otwl. 1. N a t i v e , native son. Cf. iwi, bone, kulaxwi. Hui Triivi, society of native sons, l i o 'Oiwl. T o pass oneself off as a native son; like a native son. 2. Physique, appearance; to appear. Maika'i ho'i ko in ala 'oiwi kino, he certainly has a fine physique. Nani ka 'oiwi o Hilo i ka lehua (chant), Hilo appears beautiful with lehua. 3. Self; own. For example see pupu, 5. o k a . Dregs, crumbs, sediment, filings, hulls, grounds, small bits. Also 'aoka. ' o k a . 1. Oak. Eng. 2. Also ota. Oat. Eng. '6k&. 1. Overcome by emotion, as fear; speochless with emotion. Fig., destroyed (obs.). 2. T o set a decoy. Obs. 'Oka'a. T o revolve, spin; to roll, as a mat: a top; a roll; a dry coconut whose meat has detached itself so as to make a rattling sound. 'Ska a lau hala, roll of pandanus leaves, o k a ' e . Same as okana (always used with 'a'ole). 'Oka'I. 1. Large night moth. For example soe 'aolo. 2. Tendrils of a plant; to grow. Interlock, interweave, as tendrils. Cf. 'e'a, u-ili'dka'i. 3. Same as ka'i, procession. 4. Blossom container of bananas. Cf. 'e'a, 2. 5. Cords on the mouth of a fish net, as for iheihe fish. 6. Small oblong net connecting two larger flsh nets. ( A P . ) 'Okaikai. Rough, as the sea; angry, bad-tempered; rough seas (sometimes preceded by ke). Ka lua o na la 'okaikai ( K e p . 105), second of the days with rough sea. Ke mau ala no ke 'okaikai ma Rusia (a newspaper headline), rough seas continue for Russia. 'Okilkal. Same as hukakai, insipid. 'Okaka'i. Follower, as in a retinue. 'Okakala. Redup. of 'Skala, 1, Z. Pi'i maila ka 'Skakala, goose flesh comes,

'okakallka 'aklka, okasalika aslda. Oxalic

acid. Eng. ' o k a - k l l i k a . T h e silky or silver oak (Grevillea robusta), a large tree f r o m Australia, used for reforesting in Hawaii. T h e leaves are subdivided like some ferns; the orange flowers are abundant in early summer. (Neal 274.) Lit., silk oak .Eng. Also called ha'iku-ke'oke'o. ' O k a k o p a , O k a t o p a . October. Eng. o k a kope. Coffee grounds.

— ' d k a l a . 1. Goose flesh, creepy sensation; to bristle, stand up, as hair. 2. Rough, coarse, as cloth, shark skin. 3. See leho-'Skala. 4. Same as 'ijkole, 2, a sea creature. G. A rather small red seaweed (Galaxaura rugosa), regularly and densely branching, the branches hollow and marked with rings; not edible. Also called pakalakala (Galaxaura spp.) o k a l a ' a u . W o o d shavings, sawdust. 'Okalakala. 1. Redup. of "okala, l, 2; rough, boisterous in manner. 'Okalakala kdna pane, his reply was gruff. Pi'i a'ela kona huhu a ke po'o 'Okalakala (For. 5:409), his anger flashed up to his bristling head. 'Okalakala koke a'ela 'o 'Aiwohi-kupua e hele e maka'ika'i i ka 'aha mokomoko (Laie 383), 'Aiwohi-kupua bristled with eagerness to visit the boxing arena. 2. T o undo evil influence by prayer. 'Okalckale. W a t e r y , as inferior poi. o k a n a . Extremely, beyond compare, without limit, in both favorable and pojorative senses (usually written o kana: always used with 'a'ole and mai', same as oka'e mai). 'A'ole okana mat kau hana! W h a t a lot of work you have to dol There's no limit to your work! W h a t dreadful things you do [in anger]! 'A'ole okana mai ka u'il H o w perfectly beautiful! ' o k a n a . 1. District or subdistrict, usually comprising several ahupua'a; portion, as of food (probably a contraction of 'oki 'ana, cutting). 2. Organ. Eng. 'Okana will lima, hand organ, ' o k a n a k l , o g a n a d l . Organdy. Eng. ' o k a n l k a . Organic (said of the Organic A c t ) . Eng. o k a o k a . Redup. of oka. Ua nau 'in ka niu e ka pua'a a okaoka, the coconut was chewed by the pig into small particles. ho'Okaoka. T o make into little pieces, ' o k a ' o k a . A bad odor, as of garbage, ' o k a ' o k a l . Insipid, tasteless, especially of freshlypounded poi. o k a p a l a o a . Chaff. Lit., wheat sediment, 'oke. Kotten, as wood, cloth. Obs. rtkea. 1. W h i t e sand or gravel (contraction of one, sand, and kea, white). Cf. Keokea, a place name. Okea pili mai, drift gravel, said disparagingly of persons who attach themselves to others for support; lit., gravel clinging. 2. Hot, as stone heated to whiteness. 3. A bird ( K L line 432, no data). 'Oke'a. T o place cross sticks, as to block an entrance; cross sticks. 'Oke'e. T o veer, as the wind; to change, as direction; to eddy, 'okekellka, oseterika. Ostrich. Eng. 'Akolika is more common, 'okele, okere. Ocher. Eng. 'okelekellka. Ostrich. Eng. 'Okenl. Same as kenikeni, small change. Ua loa'a na wahi 'dkeni a na limahana, the workers received some small change, ' o k e ' o k e . Redup. of 'oke. Obs. 'okepela, osepera. Osprey. (Oihk. 11.13.) Eng.

'okepelaka, oseferaga, oslferaga. Ossifrage.

(Oihk. 11.13.) Oki. 1. T o stop, finish, end. Cf. uoki. He i'a anei ko ka makeke? 'A'ole, he oki loa.' Is there fish at the market? N o , all gone. Ua oki na 'olelo a kaua no ka mea ke oki mai nei ka 'ona o ka 'awa ia'u (Laie 377), our talk stopped because the intoxication of the kava for me became extraordinary. h o ' O k l . T o put an end to, finish, stop; end. ( P P N oil, P M P qen[t]i.) 2. Extraordinary, superlative, much (usually but not always in an unfavorable sense, sometimes with idea: not at all, none, all gone). Oki pau, extraordinary. Pehea kou makua kane? Ua oki loa! How's your father? Much worse! Ua hele ke kino a oki, his body is wasted [by disease). Ua hele 'oe a oki loa i ka lepo! Y o u ' r e filthy with dirt! Kahiko a oki a pa'ihi'ihi, dressed in best finery, so attractive. Oki noho'i ka hana a ka

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' 6 k u in a k u m a

Hawai'i 'imi loa (Kep. 159), strange indeed are t h e deeds of deep-seeking Hawaii. Oki pau ka hana a ka huila, wondrous the doings of t h e wheel. ' o k l . To cut, sever, hew, separate, divorce, fell; t o cut. as cards; to operate, a m p u t a t e ; to excommunicate; a cut, division, limit, operation, a m p u t a t i o n ; stanza (called pauku today). 'Oki i na 'aumakua, to separate oneself from pagan worship of 'aumakua gods. 'Oki i ka moe'uhane, a prayer to the Christian God to avert t h e influence of a had dream. 'Oki ka lauoho, to have a hair cut. h f t ' o k l . To pretend to cut short, to cause to cut, to cut; to divorce. ( P P N koti, P M P ke[t)ip.) ' o k l a . Passive/imperative of 'oki. See kai'okia. ' S k l h l k l h l . Angular, slanting. 'Okihikihi na po'ohiwi, an_gujar, squared shoulders. 'Okihikihi ka ua ke nana aku (chant), rain appears slanting, ' o k l - h u e l o . To cut only the ends of t h e hair. Lit., cut tail, ' o k l k a . Orchid. Eng. ' o k l k a - h o n o h o n o . An orchid (Dendrobium superbum). (Neal 239.) ' o k l k e n e , o k l g e n e . Oxygen. Eng. ' o k l k Q m & k e n a . Mourning haircut, as on one side of t h e head only, ' o k l - l l p l . A variety of sweet potato. 'Okllo. Same as kilo. Okl l o a . See oki, 2, •okl m a h l o l e . To cut the hair leaving a strip down the middle. Lit., helmet cut. ' o k l m a l e ( m a r e ) . Divorce; to divorce. Lit., cut marriage. ' o k l m a u ' u . To mow t h e grass. Mikini 'oki mau'u, lawn mower, ' o k l n a . 1. Cutting off, ending, severance, separation. 2. Glottal stop, ' o k l ' o k i . Redup. of 'oki; to cut into pieces. Pai wela me na mca'ai 'oki'oki 'ia, hot mince pie; lit., hot pie with cut up food, ' o k l p a h u . To bob the hair. Lit., smooth cut. o k l p a u . See oki, 2. ' o k l p o e . To hob t h e hair. Lit., round cut. ' o k l p o e p o e . Circumcision; to circumcise (Biblical; Kin. 17.10; the old Hawaiian t e r m was kahe). Lit., round cut. ' o k l p o h e . To cut the hair so t h a t it stands up. o k o . To move ahead of others; to try to be better t h a n others. Obs. He aha keia e oko a'e nei, why this pushing ahead of others, ' o k o ' a . Different, another; whole: entirety; a whole note in music; entirely, wholly, completely; altogether, fully, independently, exclusively. Cf. ha'ina 'oko'a, holo'oko'a, ka'a'oko'a, ku'oko'a. 'Ai 'oko'a, cooked unpounded taro; lit., whole food. No ke kokua 'ole 'ia mai, hana 'oko'a ihola no wau, because of not being helped, I worked independently. He ho'okuli 'oko'a iho no (For. 5:33.5), a pretense of being stone deaf. b O ' o k o ' a . To make different, to set apart, separate, cause to differ, discriminate. Cf. ho~ 'oka'a'oko'a. ' G k o h e . To form a scab, as a sore; swollen, as tonsils. h o ' C k o h e . To cause a scab to form, etc. ' O k o h e k o h e . 1. Redup. of 'okohe. Pu'u 'okohekohe, swollen tonsils. h o ' O k o h e k o h e . Redup. of ho'Skohe. 2. Barnacle, such as adhere to rocks, ship bottoms, floating timber. ' 6 - k o h o l & . A variety of sweet potato, said to have been introduced during whaling days. '0 k o h o i a . Whaling; to whale. Lit., pierce whale. Cf. moku 'o kohola. ' G k o l i o l u a . Two-pronged post-European fishing spear. ' o k o l k u a . Hold in lua fighting, o k o k o . Var. spelling of okooko. ' o k o k o m o . Filled, as a canoe.

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'Okole. 1. Anus, buttocks. 'Okole maluna, Hawaiian translation of English toast " b o t t o m s u p " [this expression is condemned by older Hawaiians as vulgar and indecent because of the sacredness of t h e h u m a n body in old belief]. 2. A sea creature, eaten cooked, perhaps a sea anemone. 3. A kind of birthmark; round, black, and raised higher t h a n the surface of the skin; believed caused by the mother's eating an annelid when pregnant. ' O k o l e - e m l e m l . A sea anemone. Lit., shrinking 'okole. ' O k o l e h a o . 1. Liquor distilled from ti root in a still of t h e same name; later, a gin as made of rice or pineapple juice. Lit., iron bottom. 2. Iron try-pot still. 'Okole-h&wele. Same as 'Bkole-emiemi. Lit., tied 'dkole. ' o k o l e k S . A play language something like pig Latin. Example: e hesele ana 'outou sele ihesele, for e hele ana oukou i hea? Where are you going? [sele is added at random.1 ' O k o l e - m a k l l l . Same as mohihihi, a vine. Lit., cracked buttocks. 'Okoleolol. To turn one's back on someone who has aroused one's an^er; to walk to and fro with back towards t h e object of anger; one who does this. Lit., moving buttocks. ' O k o l e - ' o l ' o l . Marigolds (Tagetes spp.). (Neal 745.) Lit., jutting buttocks. Cf. melekule. ' O k o l e p u ' u . Bustle-style dress. Lit., h u m p e d buttocks. 'Gkolo. Same as kolo. ' O k o m o . To insert; to calk, as a ship; to inlay. h o ' O k o m o . Causative/simulative. • O k o m o k o m o . Redup. of 'okomo. h o ' O k o m o k o m o . Redup. of ho'okomo. ' o k o m o p l l a . Automobile. Eng. o k o o k o , o k o k o . Red hot, blazing hot; burning, as an itch. He 'utc okooko. fiery red. I loko o ta o ke okooko o ke kaua, he was in t h e heat of battle. Waha okooko, venemous, slanderous mouth. 'OkO. 1. To stand erect, protrude, emerge. Aia ma'o e '5ku maila, there it is, standing over there. 2. Thunderstruck, taken aback, horrified, agitated. 'Oku ho'i au i ko ia ala ho'ino, I was horrified by his cursing. 3. Young stage of kumu. smaller than the 'ahuluhulu stage. 4. Live bird used as decoy; to decoy. Obs. ' O k u ' e k u ' e . Knuckles. ICa 'Sku'eku'e o ka pua'a, pig knuckles. ' O k u h e . A fresh-water 'o'opu (Eleotris fusca), a fish. Called 'oau on Oahu and Maui. Also 'akupa, 'apoha, kuhe. ' O k u h e k u h e . Young 'okuhe, after the hinana stage. ' O k u h e - m e l e m e l e . 'Okuhe with yellow tinge. 'OkQkfl. l._ Redup. of 'dku, 1, 2. 'Okuku ihohi makou e nana i ka i'a o ka iQko, we stood looking a t the fish in the pond. 'Okuku ka nuku o ka humuhumu i ka 'ilikai, the noses of the humuhumu rise above the surfaco of the sea. 2. Same as 'oku, 3. 'okukllll. Filled to satiety, as with f a t or sweet food; rich, fat. Obs. ' o k u k u p u . Redup. of 'okupu. ' o k u k u ' u . Plural and frequentative of 'Bku'u, 1. 'Okuku'u ka noe i ka mauna, the mist settles on the mountain. ' O k l l l e k u l e . Somewhat kukule, listless. ' O k u l l k u l l . Same as 'okukuli. ' O k u m a . Rough, coarse, as scarred or pitted skin; close together; dark_ and lowering, as clouds. Cf. kumakuma, hakumakuma. Maka 'okuma i ke kapu, 'o ke kapu o ka haku (name chant for Keka-ulu-ohi), face encrusted with taboo, taboo of the lord. ' O k u m a k u m a . Redup. of 'okuma.

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' o k u m u

o l a h o u . To revive, resuscitate; resurrected; resurrection. h o ' O l a h o u . To restore to life, revive. Ola'l. 1. E a r t h q u a k e . For example see lua, 4. 2. Light porous stone or pumice, as used for polishing canoes or for scraping off hair of pig or dog to be roasted, o l a k t n o . State of health. Mea olakino, things necessary for life, as food. Kane olakino maika i, able-bodied males. ' O l a l a . 1. Lean, thin; stunted, as plants. 2. Same as lala, 2; t o wilt, as p a n d a n u s leaves over a fire for plaiting, ' o l a l a h l n a . Frail, delicate. Obs. ' o l a l a u . Somewhat lalau-, wrong, mistakenly. Kaha 'olalau i ke kaha pe'a, to mark an X incorrectly [as on a ballot], 'Olall. 1. To glido smoothly along, as a ship on t h e sea or as a fish slipping through one's hand. Ma ia mau alanui malihini au i 'Blali ho'okahi ai (chant for Kalakaua), on these unfamiliar paths you travel all alone. 2. Bright, shiny, glistening; brightness. 3. Young stage of hou, a fish. Oahu. 'Olalilall. Redup. of 'Blali, 1, 2. o l a l o a . Long life; completely cured or recovered. ' O l a n a l a n a . Nauseating; nausea. ' O l a n l . 1. To toast over a fire, broil, warm in sunlight. 2. Var. of 'dlali, 3. ' O l a ' o . To weed and work the soil; to gather, as 'opihi shells; to extract, ' o l a ' o i a . Redup. of 'ola. 'Ola'ola ka ihu, to snore with short puffs. h O ' o l a ' o l f i . To cause gurgling; to gargle. E hele e ho'ola'ola i ka pu'u, go and gargle for your throat. ' S l a ' o l a ' o . To weed, dig, as with an 'B'B or spade. 'A'ole ia e pa'ipn'i 'in, 'a'ole ho'i e 'ola'ola'o 'ia (Isa. 5.6), it shall not be pruned, nor dug. ' o l a ' o l a p a . Redup. of 'Blapa, 1. ' O l a p a . 1. To flash, as lightning; to blaze suddenly, flare up; to rumble uneasily, as a queasy stomach. 'Olapa ka hoe a ka lawai'a, he 'ino, the fisherman's paddle Dashes, a storm [of haste]. 2. Several native species and varieties of forest trees (Cheirodendron), with opposite leaves, each leaf divided palmately into three to five leaflets, and with flowers borne in_ umbels. (Neal 574.) Also called ehu, kauila-mahu (on Maui), lapalapa, mahu, 'Blapalapa. Cf. hu 'olapa. 3. Dancer, as contrasted with t h e chanter or ho'opa'a (memorizer); now, any dance accompanied by chanting and d r u m m i n g on a gourd d r u m . 4. N a m e for the aholehole (flsh) used as sacrifice for love sorcery (hana aloha), or for sorcery t h a t sends a bad spirit to plagueanother (ho'ounauna), probably so called because of t h e desired rapidity of t h e spirit's actions. 5. Same as 'Blapalapa, 3. ' O l a p a l a p a . 1. Redup. of 'Blapa, 1. Pi'i 'Blapalapa kona inaina me ka huhu, his wrath flared forth angrily. 2. Same as 'olapa, 2. 3. Full of ravines, projections, cornices, ridges. Ola p & n a ' l . Redeemed, ransomed, saved; to redeem. h o ' O l a p 5 n a ' l . To redeem, ransom; redeemer (Isa. 41.14). ' O l a p u . Rare var. of holapu. ' 5 - l a u - n l u . N a m e of a wind. (For. 5:93). Fig., promiscuous. Lit., coconut-leaf piercing. Ole. 1. Eyetooth, fang. Lei ole, dogtooth lei. 2. Same as hole, to squirm, ' o l e . 1. Not, without, lacking; to deny; zero, nothingness. Cf. 'a'ole, mea 'ole, 'ole loa. Maika'i 'ole, not good; bad. Pa'a ka 'ole i ka waha, holds " n o " in the mouth. Na wai e 'ole ka ho'ohihi i ka nani o Leahi? W h o can help taking a fancy to t h e beauty of Diamond Head? 'A'ohe ana hana, hana 'ole, there is no work he won't do. E 'ole no 'oe, if it weren't for you; [sarcastically] you think you are indispensable! Na wai 'ole Who no ka nele 1 ka ua mea o ka piliwaiwai? could help being poor with so much gambling?

' f i k u m u . 1. Pommel; canoe end-piece. Cf. maku'u. 2. Stump; stumpy, blunt, cut off short. 'Okumu lau, s t u m p sending out shoots. ' O k u m u k u m u . Redup. of 'okumu, 2; s t u m p s here and there; uneven, as stubble. ' O k u n u k u n u . To have a cough, to cough constantly. ' o k O ' o k f l . Redup. of 'dkQ; to pitch, as a canoe tossed by waves; to rear and pitch, as a horse. ' O k u p e . 1. A method of digging holes with a stick, prodding t h e earth to one side, as for t a r o (Kep. 153); to dig thus. 2. To trip in walking, stumble, make a false step; to err in conduct, go astray morally. h o ' O k u p e . To trip someone; to stumble or pretend to stumble. 3. A bivalve (Spondylus zonalis). ' O k u p e k u p e . Redup. of 'okupe, 1, 2. ' O k u p u . To sprout, as seeds; to send out shoots, as ti plants; to come forth, as clouds; sprouting, stubbles. ' O k u p u k u p u . 1. Redup. of ' o k u p u . 2. Same as kupukupu, ni'ani'au: any fern growing on a single stem, as t h e sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata). ' O k u p u k u p u - l a u ' l ' l . A fern (Doodia kunthiana) much like Nephrolepis exaltata, 'okupukupu, but hairy. Cf. lau'i'i. ' O k u ' u . 1. To squat on the haunches, crouch, sit huuched up; to perch, as a bird; to sottlo, as mist. h o ' O k u ' U . To cause to squat, crouch, perch; to crouch, perch. 2. Diseaso a t time of Kamehameha 1, perhaps cholera, and perhaps so called because it was dysenteric, and people were squatting ('dku'u) much a t stool. 3. To swing in aku (fish) on a line so they fall from t h e lure directly into the canoe. 4. A method of catching birds by gumming artificial lehua blossoms made of le'ie to a tree. ' O k u ' u - l e p o - h e h e ' e . Same as 'Bku'u, 2. Lit., running excrement 'Bku'u. Ola. Life, health, well-being, living, livelihood, means of support, salvation; alive, living; spared, recovered; healed; to live; to spare, save, heal, grant life. (As after ioa'a-type words, t h e subject is preceded by i or ¿a; see Gram. 4.1.) Malama ola, financial support, means of livelihood. Na kala no ke ola o ka nupepa, money for the support of t h e newspaper. 'O na la apau o kona ola ana, all t h e days of his life. Makamaka ola, a live friendship; a friend who extends hospitality and appreciation. Ua loa'a ke kUne a ku'u hanai, a ua ola na iwi o ke kahu hanai, my foster child has found a husband, and the foster parent will enjoy peace and comfort in life and t h e body will be preserved after death; lit., t h e bones will live, i.e., they will not fall into an enemy's hands. Ola ka inoa, t h e name lives on, said of a child bearing the name of an ancestor. Ola ka pBloli, hunger is satisfied. Ola ka mB'l i ke Akua, God save the king. E ola au i ke Akua, may God grant me life; so help me God. E ola au i3 'oe, save me, spare my life. h o ' O l a . To save, heal L cure, spare; salvation; healer; Savior. Cf. ho'ola (p. 76), tapa. Po'e i ku'ai ho'Ola 'ia (Isa. 35.10), ransomed people. ' o l S . Gurgling; to gurgle. h d ' o l S . Same as ho'ola'old. Ola'a. Same as 'akala (Rubus rosaefolius). o l a ' a l o a . A variety of hard taro. Also called la'aloa. ' O l a ' a u . To strike with sticks, as beaters driving fish. 'Olae. Small cape, promontory. ' O l a e l a e . X. Redup. of 'Blae; a number of small capes, promontories. Also 'alaelae. 2. Bitter, acrid; a bitter gourd (rare). o l a h o n u a . Earthly life, life on earth. He mea ia e pono at keia ola honua 'ana, t h a t is something to help in this earthly life. 'Oi ola honua, while there is life on earth; fig., while there is time. E a'o mai 'oe i ke oli 'oi ola honua, learn t h e chant while there is opportunity.

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'olepe-makaloa

'Olelokauoha. Decree, order, commandment; to order, decree. 'Oleloklke. Dialogue, repartee; to engage in dialogue. Cf. kXkeTdlelo. 'Olelo ktlkft. Consultation, discussion; to discuss, consult. ' O l e l o - k Q k a e - m a n u . A play language originated by Hawaiian guano (.kukae-manu) diggers in the South Pacific to keep their bosses from understanding ; this speech has substitution of forms as well as transpositions. E hele mai kaua ma'ane'i, (let us come here), might be rendered: i hile mia kua mu 'enu'e. Cf. kake, nehiwa, 'okoleki. ' 0 1 e l o - k u - p a ' a . Ordinance, legal decree, judgment, statute. 'Olelo m a k u a . Mother tongue. 'Olelo n a n e . Riddle, parable, allegory. 'Olelo n o ' e a u . Proverb, wise saying, traditional saying. 'Olelo-pa'a. Precept, command, vow, promise, oath, statute (Hal. 119.117). 'Olelo p a ' a n l . Joke, jest. 'Olelo p a ' l ' a l . Pidgin English. Lit., hard-taro speech. 'Olelo palpal. Word of encouragement, exhortation, commandment (Mai. 2.1). 'Olelo uwea 'ole. Wireless message. 'Olemu. Var. of lemu. ' O l e m u - k a ' a . Vagabond, rover. Lit., rolling backsides. 'Olena. 1. The turmeric (Curcuma domestica, also called C. longa), a kind of ginger distributed from India Into Polynesia, widely used as a spice and dye in foods, to color cloth and tapa, and medicinally for earache and lung trouble. A cluster of large leaves rises from thick, yellow underground stems, which are the useful part of the plant, either raw or cooked. (Neal 218.) (PPN renga, P M P lenya.) 2 . Same as lena, yellow. 3. Also o r e n a . Ash tree. Biblical. 4. A small mountain tree on Kauai (Coprosma waimeae), with yellow wood. 'Olenalena. 1. Yellow. 2. Dye made of 'olena plant. oleole. Rack or branched post on which wooden bowls or netted calabashes were hung; a coat tree. - ' o l e ' o l e (With ho-) h o ' o l e ' o l e . To deny repeatedly. ' o l e ' o l e . 1. A small conch shell. Cf. 'oil, 1. 2. Redup. of 'ole, Z. Kani 'ole'ole ka tcaha o ka uila, the mouth of the lightning makes an incessant noise [of a garrulous person). 3. Widemouthed grin, as of an Idol; to grin thus. ' o l e ' o l e h a l a . Redup. of 'olehala. Obs. oleole k a u Ipu. Same as oleole. Oleoleo. To quarrel or speak noisily, raise a din. 'Ole'ole'o. Stormy, tempestuous, agitated. ' O l e - p a u . Tenth night of the month, and last of the 'Ole nights. 'olepe. 1. To turn, as on hinges; to shut and open, as Venetian blinds; to peel off, as shingles In a gale; to upset, overturn, tear asunder. ho'Olepe. To cause to turn, shut, etc. 2. Anykind of bivalve, as a mussel or oyster. Cf. 'Dlepe-kupe, 'olepe-makaloa, 'dlepe-papaua, 'olepe-waha-nui. 3 . The garden balsam (Impatiens oalsamina), from southeastern Africa, an annual to about three feet tall, grown ornamentally for its pink, red, yellow, white, or spotted flowers. (Neal 474.)

'A'ole e 'ole, undoubtedly, of course. 'A'ole e 'ole kona hele i keia la, there's no doubt of his going today. hO'ole. To deny, refuse, contradict; refusal, denial, negative. Hi'ole Akua, to deny the existence of God; atheist. Hd'ole lama, temperate; teetotaler. HO'ole wai 'ona, prohibition of intoxicants. Hd'ole Pope, Protestant; lit., deny Pope. HB'ole pule, to deny authority to act as a priest. Ho'ole 'ana, waiver. 2. (Cap.) Seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth nights of the moon. Cf. 'Ole-ku-kahi, 'Ole-ku-lua, 'Ole-ku-kolu, 'Ole-ku-pau, and Malo 31, 34. Collectively these nights were called na 'Ole; they were considered unlucky for fishing, planting, or beginning any important activity because 'ole also means nothing. Ela kakou i na 'Ole, here we are at the 'Ole nights la time of poor luck). 'olC. 1. Conch shell (Charonia tritonis); trumpet; crochet pattern with a design suggestive of a trumpet. Cf. 'ole'ole. 'Ole leo nui, foghorn. 3 . To talk Indistinctly or garrulously. ' o l e a n a . Same as 'oliana, 2. 'Oleha. Dazzled, bleary-eyed, as one 111 or drunk; dazzling. ' o l S h a l a . Cheerful singing, as of birds in treetops. Obs. 'Olehaleha. Redup. of 'Sleha. ' O l e - k u - k a h i . Seventh night of the month. ' O l e - k u - k o l u . Ninth night of the month. ' O l e - k u - l u a . Eighth night of the month. ' O l e - k u - p a u . Tenth night of the month. ' o l e l e h u . Drowsy, sleepy. Cf mfilelehu. 'olelepa. Same as 'o'ili-lepa, a fish. 'Olelepa. Same as lelepa. He ke'a pua'a maka 4olelepa, a boar with unrestrained eyes [a fierce warrior]. 'Olelo. Language, speech, word; to speak, say, tell: oral, verbatim, verbal. Cf. ho'onui 'olelo, hua'oleln. luna'dlelo, mahele 'olelo, pili'olelo, uwea 'olelo. 'Olelo a na ho'ike, evidence, as in court; lit., word of the witnesses. 'O John Owen i 'olelo 'ia, the aforesaid John Owen. I kekahi manawa i 'dlelo 'ia, at a specified time. 'A'ohe 'dlelo 'ana, not worth mentioning. Ina 'oe e makemake i ke kS, 'a'ohe 'olelo 'ana, na'u e ki'i. If you want some sugar cane, don't say anything about it; I'll get some. 'Ole loa. Not at all. not in the least, none whatsoever; of no value, worthless. He like me ka 'ole loa ka kekahi, he 'oia'i'o ka kekahi (Kep. 9), those of some are as though of no value at all, those of others true. 'Ole loa aku 'oe, he 'Spiopio (For. 5:7), you are so young that you are worthless. He 'ole loa ka loa'a i ka '8 he'e, nothing at all was gotten In octopus spearing. 'Olelo a'O. Counsel, advice, precept, instruction; to advise, counsel. 'Olelo ' e . Foreign language, incomprehensible lingo; mention of a matter other than the subject under discussion. ' O l e l o - h a ' l - m u a . Foreword, preface. Lit., word told first. 'Olelo h o ' a h e w a . Accusation; to accuse, charge. 'Olelo hO'ike. Affidavit; testimony, as of a witness. 'Olelo ltO'lno. Curse, defamation; to curse, revile. 'Olelo-ho'ohlki. Oath, vow, promise. 'Oleloho'oholo. Verdict (as of a jury I, judgment, decision; resolution; conclusion. 'Oleloho'oholo hilina'i, vote of confidence. 'Oleloho'oholo hui, joint resolution. 'Oleloho'okO. Judgment. 'Olelo tao'onalonalo. Figurative language; obscure speech with puns and poetical references; to speak thus. 'Olelo h o ' o p a ' a . Stipulation. 'Olelo ho'owellwell. Threat; to threaten; terrifying talk. 'Olelo h u n a . Secret language, speech with hidden meaning.

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'Olepe-kupe. Bivalve, possibly of the genera Codakia and Ctena. Cf. kupe 'okupe. 'Olepelepe. Redup. of 'olepe, 1; shutters, Venetian blinds, lattice work (Mele 2.9); diaphragm between chest and stomach (rare). ho'Olepelepe. Redup. of ho'olepe. ' O l e p e - m a k a l o a . A kind of 'olepe shell (Martesta striata). Lit., long-faced 'Blepe.

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' o l e p e - p a p a u a ' o l l w a - k u - k a h a k a l . The air plant (Bryophyllum pinnatum), a succulent growing wild and cultivated in Hawaii and other tropical countries. N e w plants develop along the edges of the thick scalloped leaves. T h e tubular green and red flowers hang lantern-like. T h e Hawaiian name was given because the first plants seen in Hawaii grew near the beach. (Neal 329.) Lit., beach-standing olive, olo. 1. T o rub back and forth, grate, saw; a saw. Cf. hale olo papa. 2. T o resound, sound long. Cf. olo 'awa, olo pihe. Olo ke kani o ka pila, the instruments sounded together. Ua olo pawa ke kani nei ka moa, the dawn sounds are here, the cocks crow. 3. Long surfboard, as of wiliwili wood. (Laie 449.) 4. Hill (obs. now except in place names, as Olo-ku'i, talj hill; Olo-mana, divided hill; Olo-walu, many hills). 5. Shelf. Obs. Cf. olo'ewa, olohaka. 6. Large foreign glass beads, said to be so called from a Hawaiian name given to the British ship, Queen Charlotte Mary, which came in 1786 under the command of Captain Dixon; this ship is said to have introduced the beads. Obs. 'olo. 1. Long gourd container used as a receptacle, as for kava or water; long body of a gourd used as a hula drum (cf. heke, ipu hula). Cf. 'olo 'awa. 2. Double chin, sagging skin, jowls, calf of leg; scrotum; wattles of a turkey; fat part under the jaws of an eel; to roll with fat; to sag, hang down, 'oloa. 1. Same as ma'aloa, ma'oloa, a shrub.

'Olepe-p&paua. A kind of 'olepe shell (Acar hawaiensis). But cf. papaua. 'Olepe pO. T o overturn completely. Cf. 'olepe. 'Olepe pu 'ia kaupoku e ka makani, the roofs were ripped off by the wind. 'Olepc-waha-nul. A rock borer (Rocellaria hawaiensis). Lit., big-mouthed 'olepe. 'Olepolepo. Somewhat dirty, sullied; to sully. Fig., to offend. A kahiko noho'i na maka'ainana i 'ole e 'olepolepo na maka o ke ali'i ke nana mai (Kep. 165), the commoners were dressed up so as not to offend the eyes of the chiefs who might look upon them. 'Olepolepo ka 'opu, the stomach is out of order, needs cleansing, 'olepfi. T o discard. E 'olepU ana i na mea kupono 'ole o keia mo'olelo, discarding all that is valueless in this story. 'Olewa. Swinging. Fig., fickle, changeable, not firmly established or fixed, 'ole wale! N o t at all! Of no interest, value, use. 'O 'ole wale maI Those nobodies! 'tilewalewa. Redup. of 'olewa. Fig., hungry, o i l . Chant that was not danced to, especially with prolonged phrases chanted in one breath, often with a trill Ci'i) at the end of each phrase; to chant thus. Ke oli, the chant. Mea oli, chanter. 'oil. Joy, happiness, pleasure; happy, joyful. Cf. hau'oli. Wai-'oli (place name), happy water. hO'oll. T o give joy, make happy. (Perhaps P P N koli, P M P geli.) 'ollana. 1. All kinds of oleander grown in Hawaii (Nerium spp.). Eng. Also called 'oliwa. 2. A variety of sugar cane, like lahaina in type of growth and color, but the pith dark-brown and the leaf sheath covered with red-brown hairs. (Eng., Oriental.) Also called 'oleana. 3. Let me seel Show mel Also aliana, inane, 'oia ana. 'ollapaha. Same as 'oia paha, maybe so. Obs. 'Olthallha. Somewhat liliha. 'ollko. Shiny, sparkling, bright. Ka ua 'oliko i ka lani, the rain sparkling in the sky. 'Ollko. 1. T o bud. Cf. liko. 2. A small tree, possibly Myrsine angusti folia (synonym, Suitonia lanceolata), a kind of kolea. 'Ollkollko. Redup. of 'Bliko, to bud. 'Olllellle. Somewhat lile.

2. Fine white tapa, said to have been placed over an image during prayers. (Laie 467.) Obs. 3. Gift to a child at birth. Obs. olo'a. Reported as a bird name (no data), 'olo'&. Splashing on rocks, as a rough sea. oloalu. Var. spelling of olowalu. olo 'awa. An address to a deity accompanied by an oblation of kava. 'olo 'awa. Coconut shell cut lengthwise as a cup for kava. olo'ewa. Shelf. Obs. olohaka. Shelf. Obs. 'olohaka. Empty, sunken, hollow, as eyes or cheeks; emptiness, deficiency. Po'o 'olohaka, empty head, dunce. He pu mai'a, he 'olohaka o loko, a banana tree, hollow inside [said of one lacking strength). Ka 'olohaka o ka waihona, deficit in the treasury, olobana. Obs. var. of 'olohani. 'olohanl. T o strike, quit work; mutiny, riot (said to be from Eng. "all hands"). hO'olohanl. T o cause or foment a strike or mutiny, olohao. Cannon. Lit., iron noise. Obs. 'Olohe. 1. Bare, naked, barren; hairless, as a dog; bald; destitute, needy. Ka lua 'olohe n ke alialia, the barren pit of the salt marsh, ho* 'Olohe. Causative/simulative. 2. Skilled, especially in lua fighting, so called perhaps because the beards of lua fighters were plucked and their bodies greased; bones of hairless men were desired for fish hooks because such men were thought stronger; also said of hula experts. 3. Pale. 'Olohe na maka (Ier. 30.6), pale faces [in a later edition of the Bible this was changed to nananakea], 4. Sick, as after childbirth. 6. Ghost; image, as in clouds. 6. A small saltwater 'o'opu, a fish, found with the 'ohune. 'Olohelohe. Redup. of 'olohe, 1. 'Olohelohe ke ku'emaka, eyebrows very sparse. He 'ano 'ole ka honua, ua 'olohelohe (Kin. 1.2), the earth was without form and barren. ho'Olohelohe. Causative/simulative, 'olohewa. Demented, deranged; delirious, incoherent. Kahea pau ahi 'olohewa, false fire alarm. olohla. Passive/imperative of olo, 1, t. olohl'a. 1. T o scoop out, remove. Olohi'a i ka maka, to scoop out the eyes. 2. Similar to holohi'a-, to run here and there; rough, as the sea. Fig., in trouble. 'Olohilohi. Same as 'alohilohi.

' o l l l l . Shiny, sparkling, shimmering, as moonlight. Cf. hulili. 'Ollll. Withered, stunted, poor, as fruit. Cf. more common malili. 'oliliko. Redup. of 'oliko and 'Bliko, 1. Ka 'oliliko wai a ka ua, liquid sparkling of the rain. ' 0 lima. Arm vaccination. Lit., arm piercing, 'ollna. T o make merry; joyous; rejoicing, merrymaking. Obs. 'ollnakio, orlnatlo. Ordination. Eng. 'OUno. 1. Bright, brilliant, dazzling; brightness. He 'olino aloha keia ia 'oe e (chant of Hi'i-aka), this is a bright ray of love for you. 2. Parched, dry. 'Ollnollno. Redup. of 'Blino, 1, 2. (2 Sam. 22.13.) E lilo no ka lepo 'Blinolino i wai 'au'au (Isa. 35.7), the parched ground shall become a bathing pool. Olloll. Redup. of oli-, chanter. Kau akula 'o Hale-mano i keia kau olioli (For. 5:249), Halemano then sang this chanting song, 'oll'oll. Redup. of 'oli. 'Oll'oll'o. Somewhat li'oli'o, dazzling. 'Ollona, Orlona. Orion. (Ioba 9.9.) 'Oll'uli'u. Blurred, indistinct. Cf. kBli'uli'u, li'ua. 'Oli'uli'u ke ala e ma'awe nei ( K L line 496), indistinct the path tread here, 'ollwa, ollva. 1. The olive tree (Olea europaea), from the Mediterranean region, a small tree grown only ornamentally in Hawaii, where it rarely flowers or yields fruit. (Neal 597; Kin. 8.11.) 2. Same as 'olianc, oleander.

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— ' o l u olohlo. To move quickly, as a gust of wind. Rare. olohl'o. To cultivate, weed. 06s. 'olohfl. Same as 'ulu maika. (For. 4:259.) ' o l o h u a . Same as hua pSpolo, fruit of the popolo. oloi. To rub, grate: to run aground: to run over. Obs. olo'io. To move swiftly. Ke olo'io nei na poka kila, the steel bullets dart swiftly, ' o l o k i . To shake, as flesh of a fat person. Obs. ' o l o k a ' a . 1. To roll along, as a wheel; to remove; to transfer, as a debt. Cf. pauku 'oloka'a. Ua 'a uahi Puna, 'o ka 'oloka'a pohaku 'ia i ka huna pa'a 'ia e ka Wahine (PH 34), Puna burns and smokes, rocks roll over it and it is buried solidly by the Woman. 2 . Stake to which a live rat was tied as a decoy in an owl-catching trap. Obs. olo k a n l . To sound. Ka nakolo o na pu, kSwelo na hae, olo kani na pele, hone anu na pila (name song for Kalakaua), guns rumbled, flags fluttered, bells pealed, and stringed instruments played sweetly, oloke. Clamorous, incoherent, excited in speech or sound. Cf. holoke. Oloke, oloolokl, pi'oloke ka leo o ka palila, agitated, agitating, frightened the cry of the palila bird, ' o l o k e ' a . Cross, gibbet, gallows (Eset. 5.14), scaffolding; ladder made of sticks tied horizontally; crisscross, crossed; bones of a corpse buried with knees tied to breast. Fig., contrary, antagonistic. Ua hana na kamana i man 'oloke'a la'au a puni ka hale pele, the carpenters built a wooden scaffolding around the belfry. hO'olok e ' a . To crisscross; to cross. Trans. olokele. Same as 'i'iwi, honey creeper. Kauai. 'olokeie. IJog, swamp. olokele-hOkl'i. Same as olokele-pSpolo. olokele-pOpolo. Immature olokele bird. Also olokele-hdki'i. o l o k l k l . T o slido, skid; to saw, rub fast. Obs. 'olokQ. Same as the more common 'o'olokU. 'OlokU wale i ka pilikia, disturbed by trouble, ' o l o l a . 1. Broad. Obs. Cf. 'ololi. Ilanau kane id wai 'ololi, 'o ka wahine ia v:ai 'olold ( K L line 34), man is born for narrow stream, woman for broad stream. 2. A small flying fish resembling the puhiki'i. ' o l o l a l k l . All right. Eng. o l o l a n l . Acclaimed, as a chief, 'ololi* Narrow. For example see 'olold. He ala 'ololi ko na kahuna (saying), priests have a narrow path. 'Gloliloll. Somewhat soggy, as taro. olOlo. Var. spelling of oloolo. 'ololO. 1. Dejected, downcast. Obs. 2. (Cap.) Name of a star (no data),

'olomaua. Old man. Eng.

o l o m a ' o . Lanai thrush (Phaeornis obscura lanaiensis), and Molokai thrush (Phaeornis obscura rutha). o l o m e a . 1. A native shrub or small tree (Perrottetia sandwicensis) with ovate, red-veined leaves, and many tiny greenish flowers and red fruits borne in panicles. The wood is hard and formerly was used with soft hau wood to produce Are by rubbing. I t is one of the plant forms of the pig god Kama-pua'a. (Neal 464.) Also called wai-mea. 2 . Brown, with darker stripes or spots, of pig or dog. 3. Kind of wauke tapa dyed with 'Bhi'a bark, holei, and coconut water. Obs. o l o m e h a n l . Dumping ground, refuse dump. (For. 6:373.) Obs. ' o l o m e k a , o l o m e d a . Old maid. Eng.

'olomcne. Old man. Eng.

o l o m l o . Tapering, narrowing; to start to form a crust, as a wound; to go quickly, vanish, ' o l o m u a . Foreskin (Ier. 4.4; changed to "dmaka in later editions of the Bible).

— o l o m u ' o . Uncircumcised; prepuce or foreskin cut off in circumcision; bud. olonft. A native shrub (Touchardia latifolia), with large, ovate, fine-toothed leaves, related to the mamaki. Formerly the bark was valued highly as the source of a strong, durable fiber for fishing nets, for nets (koko) to carry containers, and as a base for ti-leaf raincoats and feather capes. Cord of olona fiber; flax (Sol. 31.13), hemp, linen; muscle, ligament, sinew (Kol. 2.19). Olona i hilo 'ia (Puk. 28.15), fine twirled linen, oloolo, olOlo. 1. Redup. ot olo. 1, 2; to saw back and forth. 2. Long and narrow, as a head; elongated, oval. 3. A variety of watermelon. 4. Rough, as the surfaco of a washboard, 'olo'olo. 1. Redup. of 'olo, 2; to hang too low, as a petticoat; to hang loose and long. WaiU 'olo'olo, sagging breasts. 2. To overflow, flood, as streams. 3. To loiter, lag. 'Olo'olo aku no i hope, ku i ke a'u (saying), lagging behind, struck by a swordflsh. hft'olo'olo. To delay, cause to loiter. ' o l o ' o l o k a . Redup. of 'oloka. ' o l o ' o l o k a ' a . Redup. of 'oloka'a. olooloke. Redup. of oloke. oIoolonA. Redup. of olona; fibrous, tough; cords, muscle, ligaments. 'olo'olOna. Sagging under a weight, overladen, loaded down; a burden. 'O ka'u 'olo'olSna keia i kauoha 'ia mai ai, this is the load required of me. 'olo'olo « J w a e . Calf of the leg. 'oIopS. Same as 'ulupa. 'olopala. Old fellow. Eng. Ho'oknlohe lua nei mau 'olopala. these old fellows are very, very mischievous, olo p a p a . To saw wood. olopC. Falling; ruin, overthrow, demolition, humiliation; to overthrow, fall. Rare. 'Olopelope. Larvae of dragonfly, 'olopl. Same as pi'ao, 1. Obs. olo p l h e . To cry out, shout, wail, 'olopfl. 1. Inflated, billowed out, as a sail in the wind; puffed out, as cheek3 of one eating; blistered, as hands from work. hO'olopfl. T o dilate, inflate, blister. 2 . A native snrubby violet (Viola chamissiona variety), olopua. 1. A large native tree (Osmanthus sandwicensis), to 60 feet high, in the olive family. It bears narrow or oblong leaves, yellowish flowers, and blue, half-inch-long fruits. The hard wood, dark-brown with black streaks, was used for spears, adze handles, and digging sticks for cultivating the soil. Also called pua, ulu-pua, (Neal 596.) 2. Lovelorn, heartbroken. Obs. (Laie 521.) olo'Q. To strike, as the forehead. Obs. ' o l o u h a . Overstuffed with food, an Insulting epithet. Lit., sagging intestine, olowa. Space. Obs. ' o l o w a ' a . Var. of holowa'a. Ka 'oloua'a 'auwai o Roma, the water aqueduct of Rome, 'olo wae. Calf of the leg. o l o w a h l a . Pawehe mat p a t t e r n listed by Brigham. 'olo wai. Gourd water container, olowalu, o l o a l u . 1. Joint action; simultaneous sounds; din of many voices, sounds, as of horns or roosters; to rush or attack in concert. Cf. makawalu, -walu. Olowalu a'ela na moa, the cocks crowed. Ka 'alo 'ana o ke olowalu ihe (For. 4:269), dodging the onslaught of spears. 2. Storehouse, as for chief's property. Obs. olowl. Rare var. of ololi. ' o l u . Cool, refreshing; soft, supple, flexible, pliant, elastic, slack, springy; pleasant, comfortable; polite, kind, courteous; coolness; softness, slackness; comfort, amenities; courtesy, kindness. Cf. 'olu'olu. Ka 'olu o ka noho 'ana (Kep.

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— ' o l u 97), the amenities of life. 'Olu kona kino i ka hula, her body is supple in the hula. hO'olu. T o make soft, limber, pleasant, cool, comfortable; to comfort, please, satisfy, pacify. '010. Soft-shelled, as of a crab (pSpa'i) or lobster (ula). o l u a . Same as mana, 5, a fern. ' o l l i a . You two. Ko 'olua, yours (of two). 'Olfi'au. Short for 'ao lu'au. ' o l u e a . To slacken, ease. Fig., mental relaxation. hO'oluea. To slack. Trans. HD'oluea Maunakapu a ha'aha'a, a laila 'oe 'ike i ka nani o Puna (chant for Kaumu-ali'i), ease and lower the mount of taboo, then appreciate the beauty of Puna. ' o l u - ' E k c l o a - h o ' o k a ' a - m o e n a . Guardian of the sleeping place of the high chief or chiefess (said to be an expert lua lighter and of the same sex as the chief or chiefess). Lit., 'Ekeloa breeze coolness that rolls mats. Cf. 'ohene. ' o i u h e l u h e . Sagging, drooping, as a potbelly; limp, flabby; soft, as a crab that has shed its shell. h o ' O l u h e l u h e . To cause limpness, etc. 'Olulclule. Same as lulelule. Cf. hdlule. 'Olulelulea. Passive/imperative of 'dlulelule. 'Olulo. 1. Castaway; shipwrecked; storm-beset at sea. 2. Similar to holu and 'olu, soft. 3. Gourd container, as for bamboo stamps used for marking tapas. 4. Statue, figure, idol. (AP.) 'Olulolulo. Var. of 'olulelule. '{>1010. To shake (lulu) with fat; one who so jiggles. ' o l u ' o l u . Redup. of 'olu: please. E 'olu'olu 'oe e hele mai, please come here; lit., be kind to como here. E 'olu'olu 'oe i ko'u mana'o, please do me a favor. Ke noi aku nei au i kou 'olu'olu, I am asking a favor of you. E 'olu'olu i ka mea i loa'a, be satisfied with what you have got. b O ' o l u ' o l u . Redup. of hB'olu; to retire to rest, to seek rest-.parade rest, at ease (military commands). E ho olu'olu mai i ko 'oukou mau na'au (2 Tes. 2.17), comfort your hearts. ' o l Q p a l a h a . Cowrie shell used as a squid lure, o m a . 1. To strike with the hands and arms, as in swimming. Obs. 2. High officer of the king. Obs. 3. Variety of mahimahi, a fish (no data), ' o m a . 1. Oven, baking pan^ to roast; roasted. Fig., sacrificial victim. Pelehu 'oma, roast turkey. 2. To open the mouth, as though to speak, or as a child about to nurse at the breast; to ask indirectly. Obs. 3. Female mahimahi fish. ' O m a ' l . Sickly, weak, ailing, not well. ' G m a ' l m a ' l . Redup. of 'Bma'i. ' O m a k a . 1. Budding; beginning; source._as of a stream; to leaf out or bud; to nip off. 'Omaka a'ela ka huli, 'Bmaka pu noho'i ka nahele (Kep. 153), the taro top leafs out, the plants too leaf out. 2 . Nipple. Ka pepe 'ana o kou mau 'omaka (Ezek. 23.21), the crushing of your breasts. 3. Foreskin. (Ier. 4.4.) 4. Hilo name for the makiawa, herring. B. A fish (Stethojulis axillaris). ' o m a k a h a . See nohu-'omakaha, ' O m a k a m a k a . Redup. of 'Bmaka, 1; to leaf out or bud afresh. ' G m a k a - o - k a ' I l i o . Stroke in lua fighting, ' o m a k a wai. Stream source. ' O m a k a w a l o . First liquid in the breast before the milk begins to flow. 'Omale. Same as male, the young uhu, a fish. ' O m a l e m a l e . Same as 'omale. 'Omali. Weak, infirm, puny, shriveling, wilting, as of unripe fruit. 'omallO. Broad, extended, as land; a wide athletic field of ancient times. Obs. ' O m a l u . Cloudy, overcast, shady. h o ' O m a l u . To cast a heavy shade; overcast. ' O m a l u m a l u . Redup. of 'omalu. h o ' O m a l u m a l u . Redup. of ho'omalu.

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— ' O m a m a k a . Same as 'omakamaka. ho'Omam a k a . Causative/simulative, ' o m a m a l e . Same as 'Bmale. ' o m a m a l u . Redup. of 'omalu. ' O m a ' o . 1. Green, as plants. 2. A bundle wrapped in green leaves, as of ti, for carrying food. Obs. 3. Hawaii thrush (Phaeornis obscura obscura). Known on Kauai as kama'o. 4 . Greenish tapa. 6. Rare var. of 'ome'o, 2. 6. (Cap.) Name of a star (no data), ' o m a ' o m a . Redup. of 'oma, 2. h O ' o m a ' o m a . To cause to open the mouth, speak, etc. Ho'oma'oma i ka waha, to open the mouth; to work the mouth but not sing with others, to pretend to sing. ' O m a ' o m a ' o . X. Redup. of '3ma'o, 1; an emerald (Puk. 28.18). h o ' O m a ' o m a ' o . To make green, paint green. 2 . Name of a seaweed, ' o m a ' o m a ' o - m a e - w a l e . Name of a seaweed. Lit., green that fades easily, ' o m a P u k l k l . Dome-shaped cement or stone outdoor oven, as used by the Portuguese (Pukiki) for bread. ' O m a u . 1. To pin on, fasten (same as 'omou); to gird or bind on, as a sword (Lunk. 3.16); to tuck in, as a sarong; to sew or baste together; a doubling over, tuck; loom. Ua 'oki mai *oia ia'u mai ka 'omau 'ana (Isa. 38.12), he cuts me off from the loom. 2. A barbless fish hook. Cf. mau, to hold fast. 3. A brief love affair; to have such an affair. Obs. 'Omea. 1. Reddish; murky. Ua 'Bmea 'ia ke kuahiui (For. 6:369), the hills are reddish. 2. Beloved, respected person. Ua hehi ka la ia Hawai'i, he 'omea Pele na Ili'i-aka (prayer), the sun has trod upon Hawaii, Pele is loved of Hi'i-aka. 3. To sun. E 'omea aku i ka moena, put the mat in the sun. 4. Same as 'ouli. Obs. ' O m e a - I a n l . Variety of swoet potato. ' O m e a m e a . Redup. of 'omea, 1. ' o m e k a , o m e g a . Omega. (IToik. 1.8.) ' o m e l a , o m e r a . Omer. fPuk. 16.16.) 'Ome'o. 1. To bud; to unfold, as a blossom; to come into view; to sprout. Cf. me'o, 2. 2. Same as me'o, nagging. ' O m e ' o m e ' o . Redup. of 'ome'o. ' o m l . To wither, droop; to burn weakly, as a candle. Cf. hBml. 'Omiko. Saline, salty, as soil near the sea. Cf. miko, 1. 'Omllo. To twist, turn, drill, curl; to shape, as a canoe hull; to taper, as a baby's fingers by rolling the tips between thumb and index finger; to spin, as thread; to produce abortion, destroy. Cf. milo, 2. 'Omllomllo. Redup. of 'omilo. 'Ontilu. 1. Kind of ulua, a fish, probably Carangoides ferdau, C. gymnostethoides, C. ajax. 2. A trifle, mere nothing. 'A'ohe 'ano o ia mea, he 'Bmilu, this thing has no significance, it's a mere trifle. ' O m I I u m l l u . Same as 'omilu. ' O m l m i . Redup. of 'oml. ' o m i m l n o . Redup. of 'dmino. ' o m l m o . Naked, nude. Obs. 'Omlno. Wrinkled, withered, shriveled, stunted; sickly and constantly crying, as an unhealthy child. ' O m i n o m l n o . Redup. of 'omino. 'Omiomlo. Same as olomio. o m o . 1. To suck; suckling; to evaporate, as water: suction tube, rubber nipple. Keiki omo waiu (Nah. 11.12), suckling child. 'Hi omo wai, suction tube; lit., hose sucking water. 2. Sport of leaping from heights into water without a splash; to leap thus. 3. Remora, sucking fish. ( K L line 155.) 4. Gourd, as used for a container. 5. Same as alaia, type of surfboard. Obs. ' o m o . Lid, cover, plug, cork, as of a calabash; lamp chimney.

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omOha. Tapa design. Cf. mdhS, migratory duck. 'Omohemohe. Same as 'Bmolemole. 'onto Ipukukul. Lamp chimney. omokl. Var. of omo, 1, t. 'omokl. Var. of 'umoki, stopper. omo koko. Bloodsucker, leech; to suck blood. 'Omole. X. Bottle. 'Omole 'alia, cruse of oil. 2. Bare, smooth, hairless. 'Omole hanal walfl. Nursing bottle, '(imolemole. Redup. of 'Bmole, 2. Kukui 'Bmolemole, a kukui nut finished for a lei, but smooth and without design, less choice than the ioio or 'Bpaka. omo liu. Ship's pump; to suck up bilge, omoomo, omomo. Redup. of omo, 1. 'omo'omo. Loaf: any long, oval body, as balls of arrowroot; a mould or moulded thing, as adobe bricks. hO'omo'omo. To mould, shape. Hana ihola 'o Ku, 'o Kane, 'o bono i ka lepo kele, ho'omo'omo ihola a pa'a (Kep. 33), Ku, Kane, Lono made muddy earth, moulded it firm. 'Omo'omo'o. Same as 'omo'omo -, ridge, crest, as of mountains, 'omo'omo palaoa. Loaf of bread. 'Omo'omou. Redup. of 'omou. 'Omou. To pin on, fasten securely, as a brooch. Kahi 'omou, comb to hold the hair in place or for ornamentation. Kui 'Bmou, stick pin, common pin. Pine 'Bmou, brooch. Pua 'Bmou, corsage. ho'Omou. To cause to pin, to pin, to pretend to pin. omo walQ. Nipple for a milk bottle; to suck a nipple. - ' o m u . (With ho-) hO'omu. A dish for Ash. Obs. 'omua. Whiplash used to throw a ke'a, dart, as of olona ilber. 'Olliu'a. Var. of 'omu'o. 'Omu'amu'a. Redup. of 'omu'o. 'Omu'e. Bitter. 'Omu'emu'e. Redup. of 'Bmu'e. 'Omuku. Stump, projection, pommel of a saddle; to project; to cut off short. 'Omu'o. Bud, budding; to have buds; to nip oil, as a leaf bud; to circumcise: to bring to a point; to be cut off, stopped; sharpened. See mu'o, mu'omu'o. 'Omu'o 'ia a'e ia hana i ka wa kiipono loa, that project was nipped in the bud at the proper time. 'Omu'omu'o. Redup. of 'omu'o; tapering off, dying, lie ulu 'omu'omu'o nei ke kB, the cane growth is petering out. 'Omu'u. Var. of omu'o. ona. 1. Mite, louse. 2. Infatuated, attracted. Cf. onaona. Eia mai au 'o Makalei, la'au ona mau 'ia e ka i'a, here am I, Makalei, wood always attractive to iisli. No ke aha la e ona 'oe? (Sol. 5.20). Why should you be infatuated? 3. For ona in the idiom ua ona o (uaonao) see uaonaB. 4. His, hers, its (zero-class possessivo; see Gram. 3.4). 6. A, some (used idiomatically). Lawe mai i puke, i pepa, a me ona mau peni, bring books, paper, and also some pencils, 'ona. 1. Drunk, dizzy and unsteady; intoxicating; intoxication. Wai 'ona, intoxicating liquor. Men 'ona, drug, intoxicant, narcotic. nO'ona. Intoxicating. See more common hB'ona'ona. 2. Owner. Eng. Cf. 'ona miliona. 'Onaha. Bowlegged, bent over, stooped, bent, arched; curved, as the moon; pigeon-toed, ho'Onaha. T o cause to be stooped, bent, bowlegged; to imitate the walk of a bowlegged person. 'Onahanaha. Redup. of 'Bnaha. Onahanahalafia. Fertile spot in a lava bed. Obs. 'onakaka. Same as nakaka. ( P H 34.) 'ona lama. Drunk on rum or any alcoholic liquor; drunkenness; alcoholic.

— 'Onalunalu. Somewhat rough, as the sea; to be forming waves of some size, 'ona m a u . Constantly drunk, alcoholic, 'ona mtllona. Millionaire. Lit., owner of a million. Eng. ona moa. Chicken lice or mites. 'onana. Weak, awkward, unskilled. Cf. 'inana, klnana. onaona. Softly fragrant; soft fragrance or perfume; gentle and sweet, as the eyes or disposition; inviting, attractive, alluring. Kole maka onaona, sweet-eyed kole (a fish), [said of a person with alluring eyes], no'Onaona. T o impart fragrance; attractive, sweet, alluring. HoBnaona i ka i'a, to attract fish, as with the melomelo, baited stick. Ho'Bnaona ho'i na maka o keia keiki, what attractive, sweet eyes this boy has. 'ona'ona. 1. Faint, dizzy, punch-drunk. hO'ona'ona. T o cause intoxication or dizziness, to feign intoxication or dizziness; intoxicating. 2. Baa-smelling, as stagnant water; unpalatable. onaona-Iftpana. Same as 'ala-aumoe and kupaoa, the night cestrum. Lit., Japan fragrance, 'onaulu loa. A wave of great length and endurance. ( U L 35.) 'onawali. Same as 'Bwali, weak, 'onawalhvall. Redup. of 'onawali. one. Sand: sandy; silt; poetic name for land (cf. one hanau). One maka, wet sand. Ke one 'ai ali'i o Ka-kuhihewa, the chief-destroying sands of Ka-kuhihewa [said of Oaliu because of the prophecy made by Ka'opulupulu about the death of the Oahu chiefs upon the coming of foreigners). ho'One. Pumice; to rub and polish with sand. 'Onea. Same as nea, desolate, ho'Onea. To cause desolation; to desolate. one'S. Afflicted. I ka hiki 'ana mai o ke kolela, ho'okahi helena o ko makou one'a, when the cholera came, all at once wo were all afflicted, one 'ft. Sand made of 'a'a lava; volcanic cinder; gun powder. Lauahi Pele i kai o Puna, one 'a kai o Malama (chant), Pele swept her many fires down to Puna; seaward of Malama is a cinder heap. 'tineanea. Redup. of 'Bnea. ho'Oneanea. Redup. of ho'onea. onehahi. Menstrual blood. Obs. one hall. 1. Sand carried away by the sea. 2. {Cap.) Name of a Kauai wind, one hanau. Birthplace. E Hawai'i e. ku'u one hanau e, ku'u home kulalwi nei (song by L. Lyons), O Hawaii, sands of my birth, my own native home. 'Onehenehe. Same as nehenehe. 'one'l. Here; local. Ko 'one'i keiki, the loca people, 'onekl. Deck. Eng. One-lau'ena. Legendary homeland of the god Kane, a land of plenty, one mimlki. Quicksand, onena. Sandy; pale. Obs. 'OnCn£. 1. Fretful, fussy. Cf. ne. ho'onGnC. Causative/simulative. 2. Rare var. of nune, speculation. oneone. 1. Sandy, gritty, grainy. 2. Name of a seaweed. oneone-l-honua. Name of a death-bringing prayer. onepohO. Quicksand, one'ula. Vast, great, without bounds, one wal. Sand near outlet of fresh-water springs; pokipoki, sand crabs, are said to be found here, ont. T o appear, reach out to, jut out. Hala a'e ka lae o Kala'au, oni ana Moloka'i mamua (name chant of Kamehameha V), [as we] pass Kala'au point, Molokai appears ahead.

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'Onohi. 1. The eyeball; center; setting, as of a ring. Fig., eyes. For example see| hehelo. 'Onohi kaimana, set diamond. 'Onohi kau maka, beloved one; lit., eyeball placed in the eye. KShi mea iaia ka 'onohi o ka pahu hula, the one who has the central [role] among hula drummers. He pa'akai poepoe li'ili'i, he 'Bnohi awa ka inoa, small round-grained salt is called milkfish eyeball. 2. Patch or fragment of a rainbow. (Lale 351.) 'Onohl&l'a. Cataract of the eye. Lit., eyeball like flsh, so called because of alleged similarity of a cataract to a flsh eye. 'Onohi - a w a . Black moss found in fresh water (no data). Lit., eyeball of the flsh, awa. 'Onohl-ka'i-'ole-pohlhlhl-kalawal'a-ok a l a - ' l n o . Hold in lua fighting. Lit., rainbow patch that does not move, puzzling the fisherman on a stormy day. ' O n o h l n o h l . 1. Same as 'olohilohi, 'alohilohi. 2. A variety of sweet potato. 'Onohi ' u l a . Red eyeball; red rainbow segment; cloud with red hues of rainbow; variety of red tapa; fig., fury, anger, o n o - m a i a n l . Variety of ono, a fish. ' O n o n l n o n l . Similar to noninoni, agitated, and 'anoninoni, mixed. For example see wehiwa. ' o n o ' o n o . Redup. of 'ono. h O ' a n o ' o n o . To make tasty, create a desire. HB'ono'ono 'ai, appetizer, condiment, dressing, relish. Hd'ono'ono lau 'ai, salad dressing. 'Ono'onou. Redup. of 'onou: to force upon. Ka ho'opiha 'ia 'ana o na pu me ka pauka a me ka 'Bno onou 'ia 'ana me na 'ohelo loloa, guns filled with powder rammed in with long ramrods. 'A'ohe ia he kane na'u i makemake, nana ka 'Bno'onou, he was not the husband I wanted, she forced him on me. h o ' O n o ' o n o u . Causative/simulative, ' o n o u . To shove, push, force into, thrust on; to persuade; to give secretly or underhandedly; to offer in secret. Piha 'onou. full to the cramming point. Ua 'onou 'oia i ka pepn i ku'u lima, he thrust the paper into my hand. 'Onou ihola ka huli (Kep. 153), to shove In tlio taro shoots. hO'onou. Causative/simulative, ' o n o ' f i . Same as the bird, 'B'U. ' o n o u p o ' o . To shove or push Into something headlong, regardless of consequence. Lit., shove head. ' o n o w a i . Thirsty; to crave water. Onfl. A swelling, protuberance, hill; rising of the surface; bucking; erection of the male member; to swell. Pipi Bnu, bucking cow. ho'OnO. To cause to swell, expand. Ho'Una a'ela ka 'ale o ke kai, the billow of the sea was swollen. ' O n u h e n u h e . Tainted, unsavory. ' O n u h e n u h e a . Passive/imperative of 'Bnuhenuhe. He 'Bnuhenuhea kahi mea haole (Ifep. 161), white man's things [food] are unsavory, o ' o . Matured, ripe, as fruit; of mature age; to mature, as fruit; an adult human; a promissory note; to ripen. Cf. o'o 'ole. Moloka'i pule o'o, Molokai of the potent prayers [figurative reference to Molokat'8 fame in sorcery). •o'O. To crow, as a rooster. Komo ka 'uhane a loko o ke kino, a ka umauma, a ka pu'u. 'o'O moa a'ela 'o Kawelu (For. 5:189), the soul entered within the body, up to the chest, to the throat, and then Kawelu crowed like a chicken. 'O'O. 1. Redup. of 'B, 1; to pierce, poke, put in. Insert; to pierce the foetus in the womb with a sharp instrument in order to practice infanticide; to cut, as to let blood; to hurl, as a spear. Lele 'B'd, to leap into the water feet first, without splashing. 'O'B he'e pali (Kep. 103), to poke out tiny octopuses from cracks. hO'O'O. To insert, put in. pierce, cause to pierce. 2. Digging stick, digging implement, spade. 3. A black honey eater (Acrulocercus nobilis), with yellow feathers in a tuft under each wing, which were used for featherwork; endemic to island of Hawaii, now extinct. Acrulocercus bishopi, endemic to Molo-

' o n i . 1. To move, stir, shift, fidget; to take to court, as land matters; movement, motion; moving. 'Oni a puhi, to squirm like an eel. Ua 'oni ke keiki, the child has moved [the foetus). E 'oni ana na keiki i ka 'aina o ka makua kane, the children are taking the matter of the father's land to court. hO'onl. To bestir, cause to move, shake, disturb. Mai noho 'oe a ho'oni i ka wai ua ¡ana malie (hula chant), do not stay to disturb the water floating peacefully. He mo'olelo hB'oni pu'uwai, a heart-stirring story. 2. Spirals of several colors in composite leis. ' o n l a . Passive/imperative of 'oni. ' o n l h l l e h u a . A mother-of-pearl lure that was said to catch fish by day or by night without fail. 'Onihlnlhl. Small taro shoots, as of the fourth generation. (Kep. 153). See kalo for names of generations. 'Onlho. Toothed, sharp-edged, tooth-edged. 'Ollihoillho. 1. Redup. of 'oniho. 2. Variety of 'ulae. lizard fish, ' o n l k a . Onyx. (Kin. 2.12.) 'Onlkl. 1. A pinch, bit, as of ¡u'au (taro tops); to pinch off. 2. Flat, smooth, level. Obs. 'Onlklnlkl. Redup. of 'Bniki, 1, 2. ' o n t n a . Moving, etc. See 'oni. ' O n i n a n l n a . Yielding, soft, as fat cheeks. Cf. Una, nina, papalina. 'Onlnl. 1. A slight breeze, puff of wind; to gasp for breath, blow softly, blink. Na ka 'Bnini l&kou e lawe aku (Isa. 57.13), a breath will take them away. 2 . Similar to hulili, dazzling; vibration. 3. A kind of surfboard difficult to manage, used by experts. Obs. ' o n l n i h l . Same as 'Bnihinihi. ' o n l n l n l . To pick at food with no appetite, as would a sickly child. Cf. mxnole. 'Onlno. Var. of 'Blino, 1. ' O n l n o n t n o . Redup. of 'onino. 'Onl'o. Spotted, streaked with various colors, as a pig, or as tapa prints. ho'Onl'o. To spot or print with colors, as tapa. o n l o n l . Redup. of oni. Pu'u-onioni (place name). extending hill, ' o n l ' o n l . Redup. of 'oni. Ki'i 'oni'oni, moving picture, movie. h O ' o n l ' o n l . Redup. of hB'oni. 'Onl'ont'o. Redup. of 'Bni'o: embroidered (Biblical). h o ' O n l ' o n l ' o . Causative/simulative. E ho'Bni'oni'o 'oe i ka palule olon3_ . . . a e hana 'oe i ke ka'ei, he humuhumu 'oni'oni'o (Puk. 28.39), you shall weave the coat in checkorwork of fine linen . . . and shall make a girdle embroidered with needlework, ' o n l p a ' a . Fixed, immovable: steadfast, established, firm (this was the motio of Kamehameha V and of Lili'u-o-kalani). Lit., fixed movement. For example see makehia. h O ' o n l p a ' a . To fix, establish firmly. E ho'onipa'a loa wau ia 'oukou (Ier. 42.10), I will plant you securely. 'Oniu. 1. A spinning top; to spin a top; informal game with dancing and top spinning; spinning, whirling. Ke 'ala 'oniu, dizzy fragrance, ho« 'Oniu. To spin, as a top; to cause to whirl. Ua ho'Bniu aku 'oia i kona hoa hulahula, he whirled his dancing partner. 2 . See 'ami 'Bniu, a hula step. 3. To set, as type. 'Oniu huakipau, to set type. 4. Coconut-husking stick, o n o . 1. Large mackerel type fish (Acanthocybium solandri), to five or six feet in length; choice eating. Known in Florida and the West Indies as the wahoo. 2. Six; sixth. (PPN ono, P M P enem.) ' o n o . Delicious, tasty, savory; to relish, crave; deliciousness, savor. Cf. mea'ono. 'Ono ka pu'u, tasty to the palate; lit., the throat craves. He 'ono 'i'o no (song), how delicious. Ho'omanawanui i ka 'ono, wait patiently and you'll have what you crave. Hana 'ia maila ka wai a 'ono (Puk. 15.25), the waters were made sweet. faO'ono. To tempt the appetite; to make tasty.

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kai, possibly also extinct. Acrulocercus apicalis, t h e extinct Oahu species. T h e K a u a i species was called 'o'o-'a'a. 4. A t y p e of flsh, perhaps a swordflsh. ( K L 166.) 'O'O-'a'a. T h e K a u a i species of 'o'S, honey eater (Acrulocercus braccatus); on Hawaii, said_to be t h e name for t h e male 'oi bowls t o p r e v e n t d u s t or insects f r o m falling n. p f t l e w a . Low wooden bowl, p a l e w a ' a . Persons who protect (pole) a new canoe being carried f r o m t h e forest to the sea. Those in f r o n t were pale mua, those a f t were pale hope.

paleki. Brake. Eng.

president, p a l e k l l a . Armor. Lit., steel shield, p a l e k O h l n a . B o u n d a r y left b y c u t t i n g ; division between t a r o patches, p a l e k o k l . Petticoat, skirt. Eng. Cf. puheheo.

palekona, falekona. Falcon. (Oihk. 11.14.)

p a l e l a . 1. Lazy, indolent, slow moving; to saunter along as t h o u g h bored. (Puk. 5.17.) h o ' o p a l e l a . T o cause laziness; s a m e as above. 2 . Var. otpalala, barrel. Palela li'ili'i, small barrel, keg. p a l e 12. Awning. Lit., sun protection, p a l e l a u ' I . Ti-leaf covering; said also to be a prayer asking for release f r o m a taboo t h a t prevents one f r o m leaving a t a b o o spot.

palelS. Obs. var. of palale, 1, 2.

p a l e l e l . Head covering of t a p a wrapped over t h e head with t h e ends hanging down in f r o n t . Obs.

pale lima. A shield, worn on the arm; armguard. p a l e llo. Saddle blanket. Lit., horse guard,

palelona, f a r e l o n a . Furlong, in surveying. Eng. p a l e m a ' i . Underdrawers.-Lii., genital protection, p a l e m a k a . Veil t h a t conceals t h e face, especially as worn by Arab women,

pale makanl. Windshield.

p a l e m o . 1. T o sink, be sunk, slip away, vanish; drowned. Inlrans. Hoku palemo, t h e full moon (hoku) t h a t vanishes a t sun-up. h o ' o p a l e m o . T o drown, plunge i n t o water, sink. Trans. 2. Promiscuous. He nohona palemo, a promiscuous way of living. He kane palemo, a t e m p o r a r y male lover. 3. Young of uhu, a fish, p a l e m u a . 1. Fore p a r t of a canoe. 2. Bearers of t h e fore p a r t of a canoe. Cf. pale wa'a. p a l e n a . Boundary, limit, border, j u n c t u r e , separation, partitioning; t e r m s of a fraction. Cf. kaupalena. 'O ka ho'ohelu a me ka mihele pu, ua kapa 'ia la.ua 'elua, 'o na palena o ka hakina, t h e n u m e r a t o r and d e n o m i n a t o r together, are called t h e terms of t h e fraction,

palena '¡Una. Land boundary,

p a l e n a ' o l e . Boundless, w i t h o u t limit. He palena 'ole ka 'ike, unsurpassed knowledge,

pale noho. Seat cover.

p&leo. To converse, c h a t ; to t a l k loudly. Cf. pa, b for pa i ka leo. 'O ko'u makemake ia 'oe, 'o ka paleo iki aku (song), my desire with you, is to c h a t a little, p a i e o l e o . R e d u p . of paleo. p&leoleowS. T o talk loudly a n d unpleasantly; a din; loud reviling talk. p a l e ' O p u a . To p a r d o n ofTenses, as by a priest's offering, in pagan times only. Obs. Lit., ward off billowy clouds,

pale p&kaukau. Table cloth, pale pakaukau 'alia. Oilcloth,

p a l e p a l e . 1. R e d u p . of pale, 1, 2, 3. Palepale ke kapa o ka wahine hele ua o Ko'olau (For. 6:476), protecting t h e t a p a of t h e woman going i n t o t h e Ko'olau rain. 2. Same as pale, 4. p a l e - p l w a . All species of E u c a l y p t u s trees. Lit., ward-off fever, so called because t h e leaves were used for fever medicine, a n d in t h e pulo'ulo'u, s t e a m bath L Also called 'eukalikia, nuhSlani. 'Aila pale-piwa, eucalyptus oil. p a l e p o . 1. Adobe wall. 2. Clay dish; soiled dish, p a l e p o ' o h l w l . Shoulder p a d s or protection, p a l e u h l . Veil, covering. p a l e u l e u . Old, worn-out, as t a p a , mats, clothing. Cf. 'aleuleu.

or

59.17.) Lit., chest shield,

pale u m a u m a unahl. Brtgandine (1er. 46.4),

i

pale wal. Breakwater,

p a l e w a l O . Brassière. Lit., breast guard, p a l e - w f t w a e . 1. T h e joy weed (Alternanthera amoena), a small herb f r o m Brazil, used as a low border for p a t h s and flower beds. I t has red, branching stems and variegated red, green, and yellow, small oval leaves. (Neal 286.) 2. Small, fan-shaped brown seaweeds (two species of Padina [ P . commersonii, light-brown, and P. vickersiae, larger, darker-brown]), c o m m o n on t h e reef, each f a n more or less split and curled. N o t eaten, p a l e w&wae. Foot covering or protection ; house slipper or sandals (also called kâma'a pale wawae); leather p a r t of stirrups covering t h e rider's feet. He pale wawae ko'u 'Hi nona (For. 5:547), my skin is [something] for her feet t o walk upon. p a l l . Cliff, precipice; steep hill: full of cliffs. Fig., a n obstacle, difficulty; n a u g h t y or disdainful. For example see pu'upu'u, I. He pali lele koa'e (poetic), a cliff where tropic birds fly [i.e., very high], Pali kaulu 'ole ka lani, the chief is a cliff w i t h o u t a jog [of very high rank]. Pali ke kua, mahina ke alo, t h e back is a cliff, t h e f r o n t a moon [said of h a n d s o m e persons]. Pali mai na maka o ka hoa (song), t h e companion's eyes are a h a u g h t y cliff.

pSUalla. Var. of alialia.

p 3 Hill. To touch lightly, graze, p a l l ' U I ' l . Small dish; saucer (preceded by ke). p a l l k a . 1. Also b a r t k a . Carbuncle. 2. (Cap.) Also P a r l s a . Paris; Parisian,

pall kamoe. Low hillock, terrace,

p a l l - k e a . A sweet potato. p a l l k f i . 1. Initial point of a genealogy line. (Malo 2.) 2. Priests of Lono (Malo 159); ancient order of priests (AP). p a l l k u . Vertical cliff. p a l l k u ' l . Notched, toothed cliff; joined succession of cliffs, p a l l i a . A gray, yellow, and white Hawaiian honey creeper (Psittirostra bailleui, P. kona)\ endemic t o t h e island of Hawaii. For examples see olokl, pi'oloke.

paille. Same as Hie. Obs.

p a i l l e a . Inactive, sluggish. p a l l l l . Small weak t a r o shoot (preceded by ke). He make no ke kalo, a ola no i ke palili (saying), t h e t a r o is dead, b u t t h e weak shoots live on [the ancestors a r e dead, b u t weaklings survive], p a l l l o a . D i s t a n t or tall cliff. Fig., distant, aloof, disdainful; aristocratic, regal, p a l l r n a . P r i m e r ; t o s t u d y a primer. Eng. p a l l m a . 1. Five times, in fives, fivefold; t o divide in fives. Hânau palima, q u i n t u p l e t birth, h o ' o p a l l m a . T o divide in fives; same as above. 2. T e m p o r a r y booth occupied by priests during taboo days of a heiau. p a i l n a . R a r e var. of papâlina. Cf. pûhi-pâlina.

p a l l p a ' a . Cliff.

p a l l p a ' a m a o l i . Base of a cliff. ( T h r u m ' s Annual, 1925, p. 68.) p a l i p a l i . Precipitous, full of cliffs and steep hills, h o ' o p a l l p a l i . Causative/simulative. E ho opali-

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p a l u l u . Screen, shield; protection of a n y kind f r o m t h e elements, as a windbreak, windshield, sun visor, c u r t a i n ; to screen, shield. Lit., sheltering wall. p a l u l u ' a o ' a o . C u r t a i n : as a b o u t a shower. Lit., side screen,

pali ana ke kua, ho'opalipali ke alo ( K L lines 488-9), t h e back f o r m s precipices, t h e f r o n t f o r m s precipices. P a l l - u l l . A legendary land of plenty and joy, said t o be on Hawaii, where chiefs' children were raised; now a place n a m e on several islands. Lit., green cliff. Ilanohano Pali-uli i ka ua noe, majestic is Pali-uli in t h e misty r a i n [said in a d m i r a t i o n of a person], p a l o . Revelation, as f r o m t h e gods. Obs.

palulu kukul. Lamp shade, palulu maka. Eye shade, palulu makani. Windbreak,

palti. Same as ho'opalo, (a), (i>). ho'opalO. (a)

p a l u l u p u k a a n i a n l . Window screen, shade,

paluna, baluna. Balloon. Eng.

T o feign ignorance, (b) T o a c t t h e goody-goody, p&loa. 1. Same as paku'ipai\ long seine, as used for mullet. 2. A fish (no d a t a ) , p a l o k a , b a l o t a . Ballot, vote; invitation (obs.). Koho paloka, to vote. Po'e koho paloka, voters,

p a l u n u . 1. A creeping p l a n t (no d a t a ) . 2. A dull t h u d ; t o t h u d . Obs. p a l u p a l u . Weak, soft, limber, flexible, tender. Na'au palupalu, soft-hearted. 'Olelo palupalu, soft-spoken, gentle in speech, easy to understand. h o ' o p a l u p a l u . To soften, weaken, mollify, m a k e pliant or flexible; to feign softness, p a l o p a l f l . A kind of yellow t a p a . Obs. p a m a . 1. P a l m (Puk. 1,5.27); d a t e palm. 2. Also b a r n a . Balm. Eng. (Kin. 37.25.) p a m a e . Pearl-shell lure with variegated colors, as of red, white, blue. Lit., fading pearl-shell lure. P a m a ' e l e . N a m e of a star said to a p p e a r on the night of H o k u in t h e m o n t h of Welehu. p & m a ' l . Susceptible t o sickness, proneness t o catching every possible contagious disease; qualmish. Lit., touching sickness, p a - m a k a n l . 1. Same as koki'o-ke'oke'o, a native hibiscus (Hibiscus arnottianus). 2. A native violet (Viola chamissoniana), a shrub three to five feet high, bearing pale-purple flowers. Molokai. p a m a k a n i . T o blow, of t h e wind; wind-blown, p a - m a k a n l - h a o l e . T h e white thoroughwort (Eupatorium glandulosum), f r o m Mexico, a branching herb, much like muile-hohono, bearing m a n y small white flower heads, which produce tiny, hair-tipped fruits. It is a serious pest, first becoming common on Maui. (Neal 730.) p a - m a k a n l - m a b O . A n a t i v e shrub (Phyllanthus sandwicensis), one to three feet high, with small, alternate, narrow or o v a t e leaves, small flowers and fruits; a m e m b e r of t h e euphorbia family. p a m a k e . F a t a l , of disease. Lit., touch of death. Cf. paola. p a m a l d . 1. Dry, rainless. 2. T o t h u n d e r without rain. 3. Expressionless, w i t h o u t animation or facial expression; dull, as a p a r t y .

paloke. Broken. Eng. p a i o k e . Same as

palokeloke.

palokeloke. Loose-fitting, as a peg or key; not solid, wobbly, as a table,

palola, parola. Parole. Eng.

p M o l a . Helpless, blundering, a w k w a r d . Obs. p a l o l o . Glib-tongued, garrulous; gossiping, as maliciously. Palolo lua, very gossipy, glib, h o ' o p a l o l o . T o cause garrulousness; same as above. p a l o l o . Clay; hard, sticky m u d ; m o r t a r (Puk. 1.14). p a l o l o h u a . Glib in speech, garrulous, p a i o l o l o . Redup. of palolo-, claylike, sticky,

palomeka, barometa. Barometer. Eng. pSIo'o. Obs. var. of pamalo. palu. 1. To lick. lap. (Nah. 22.4.) ho'opalu.

T o cause to lick, t o lick. 2. A relish m a d e of head or s t o m a c h of fish, with kukui relish, garlic, chili peppers; fish bait m a d e of fish head or stomach, also used for c h u m m i n g . For example see 'u'u. Ka palu, a bailer with palu bait in it, said depreciatingly of ordinary food. Ku'i palu, to pound u p palu b a i t ; fig., t o throsh, beat, as a person. Ahu ka 'ala'ala palu, a heap of octopus liver bait [not worth a n y t h i n g a t all]. 3. Same as palupalu.

paid. Flu, influenza. Eng.

p a l u a . T w o by two, double, twofold, twice. Kino palua, one with a dual c h a r a c t e r or body. Makani palua, wind blowing in various directions. Palua hou a'e ka nui o keia mamua o kdlil, this is twice as big again as t h a t . h o ' o p A l u a . T o divide in t w o p a r t s ; double; pair, p a l u ' a l . Vegetable food. Kauai. p a l u h e . Reduced to pulp, as palu- cooked to a pulp; cooked_ to t h e point of falling a p a r t , as meat. Paluhe ka palu, t h e b a i t is pulverized; fig., a meek, humble or abused person, h o ' o p a l u h S . To m a k e 6oft, pulpy; to reduce to pulp, cook until soft,

pAmalo'o. Var. of pamalo, 1, 2, 3.

p a m o h o . A creeping fern ( A s p l e n i u m unilateral), f o u n d in tropical Polynesia, Asia, and Africa, one t o two feet high, t h e f r o n d s t w o or more inches wide, pinnate, with 15 to 30 pairs of oblong, blunt pinnae, their upper edges more or less indented, p a m o m o a . A fish (no d a t a ) , p a n a . 1. T o shoot, as marbles, arrows, bow; bow and arrows; to snap, as with fingers a n d t h u m b to punish a chjld; to flip. Cf. pana 'iole. Pua pana, arrow. Kau mau pana (Kin. 27.3). t h y weapons, h o ' o p a n a . Causative/simulative. ( P P N fana, P M P probably panaq.) 2 . H e a r t beat, pulse; beat in music; t o b e a t time, pulsate, t h r o b . Nana i ka pana, t o t a k e t h e pulse. 3. Celebrated, noted, or legendary place. 4. P a n . Eng. Obs. Ku pana, stew pan.

paluhe'e. Var. of paluhe. ho'opaluhe'e. Var. of ho'opaluhe. p a l u h i . Same as luhi. Obs. p a l u h l a . Passive/imperative of palu, 1. Pau ka hale i ka paluhia e ke ahi, t h e nouse was consumed by being licked u p by fire, p a l u k a l u k a . 1. Looseness of t h e bowels, with slimy, greenish stools. 2. A kind of uhu, a fish, p a i u k u . T o beat, pommel, hit hard, thrash, pound, destroy. Cf. poluku. ho'op&lukll. Causative/si mulative. p S l u k u l u k u . R e d u p . of paluku. p a l u l a . Cooked sweet-potato leaves. p a l Q l a . Tranquil, serene, calm, p a l u Ift'I. Ti-leaf relish, a t e r m of derision for t h e people of Hawaii, because at a feast for K a m e h a m e h a I on Oaliu t h e r e was not enough food, and t h e late-comers were said to have h a d to lick t h e ti-leaf food wrappings,

palule. Commoner. Obs.

p i l l u l e . Shirt. For example see

p&na, bana. Band. Eng.

p a n a ' e . Short, broad, as a leaf. Obs. P a n a - ' E w a . N a m e of a place in t h e Hilo district, f a m o u s in songs. Places of t h e s a m e n a m e are on o t h e r islands, p a n a l . S a m e as pananai, flat, p a n a ' l . 1. Revenge, reciprocity, r e w a r d ; t o revenge, pay back, reward, reciprocate, whether ood or b a d ; t o replace, s u b s t i t u t e L C f . Ku'ikahi 'ana'i Like, uku pana'i. Po'e pana'i (2 Oihn. 25.24), hostages. Ho'ola pana'i (Isa. 41.14),

f

'oni'oni'o.

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ninaninau

redeemer. Pana'i like, equal give-and-take; reciprocity; to pay back equally. '0 wau no ka pana'i nana (Kin. 43.9), I will be surety for him. 'A'ohe lokomaika'i i nele i ke pana'i, no kind heart lacks a reward, h o ' o p a n a ' i . T o seek revenge, reward, etc. 2 . T o fit one on to another; to splice or graft; to lengthen, p a n a I ' a . Fishing spear shot by a bow; to shoot fish thus,

p a n e . 1 . Answer, reply; to answer, h o ' o p a n e . T o cause to answer. 2. Hind part of the head; top or summit, as of a mountain (preceded by ke). 3 . T o pull. Kauai. p a n e a . Passive/imperative of pane. p a n e * e . 1 . T o move along, bring, push along a little; pushed forward. Pane'e i mua, to progress. ua pane'e maila kekahi mau mea'ai, some rood was served, h o ' o p a n e ' e . Causative/simulative. 2 . Delayed, postponed; delay, postponement. Uku pane'e, interest on money. He hola ka pane'e 'ana mai, a delay of 4 4 hours, h o ' o p a n e ' e . T o postpone, delay, put off. defer (Kin. 3 4 . 1 9 ) , procrastinate. 3 . Old, worn-out. Kauai. Obs. p a n e ' e h S . T o drag, haul. Obs. p S n e ' e n e ' e . Redup. of pane'e-, to move on little by little, slowly, h o ' o p a n e ' e n e ' e . Redup. of ho'opane'e; to keep putting oft, etc. p a n e ' e - ' f l p l k l . Clamp feed, of sewing machine.

panalkl. Diagonal. (AP.)

p a n a ' l n a ' l . Redup. of pana'i, 1, 2. p a n a ' t o l e . T o shoot rats or mice with bow and arrow, an ancient sport; bow and arrow. ( M a l o 233.) I ki'i mai nei an i kekahi mau kiko'o pana 'iole (For. 5:25), I have come to fetch some rat-shooting arrows and a bow. p a n a k a i . 1 . T o flip, as salt water with finger or fingers during a purification ceremony. 2 . T o heel over, as a vessel. Obs.

panakalupa. Bankrupt. Eng.

panehQ. Quick. Obs. paneka, paneta. Panther. Eng.

p a n a k O , b a n a k o . B a n k . Eng. For example see komo. p a n a l a ' a u . Colony, dependency, province (Ezera 4 . 1 5 ) ; colonist. In early times Hana, Maui, was a panala'au (dependency) of Hawaii. Hui panala'au, society of colonizers. Panala'au n Hawaii, Territory of Hawaii [name used in 1900], Nana 'o Kamehameha i kona aupuni, a e 'ai i kona panala'au, K a m e h a m e h a attended to his kingdom and ruled his dependency, p a n a l e ' a . Dexterous, gleeful, quick, as in danger. Obs. p a n a n a . Weak, tottering; such a person. p&D&nft. 1. Compass; pilot; to row here and there irregularly. Cf. paliu panana. Aia i hea? Aia i ka 'auwa'a i panana. Where [is he]? With a fleet of straying canoes (anywhere, a way of avoiding the question]. 2 . Possibly a local name of the J a c o b e a n lily (Sprekelia formosissima), a kind of amaryllis from Central America, cultivated in Hawaii for about a hundred years. T h e flowers are red, three to four inches long, irregularly funnel-sliaped, usually single on a long stem. I t is named for a chiefess, t h e wife of Samuel Parker, owner of the Parker R a n c h , p&n&nal. F l a t , shallow, as a dish; slim of physique. p S n a n a T k l . S a m e as palanaiki. p a n a p a n a . Redup. of pana, 1,2 ; to strike gently, as t h e b u t t of a coconut midrib used as a pole for catching crab. Cf. panapana ni'au. p a n a p a n a n i ' a u . T o shoot a coconut leaf midrib (the leaf was bent like a bow and released so t h a t i t sprang away), p a n a p a n a p u h i . A kind of shellfish. (AP.) p a n a p a n a u . Redup. of panau. h o ' o p a n a p a n a u . Redup. of ho opanau. p a n a p o ' o . T o tap or snap the head (it was rude or provocative to t a p another's head, as t h e head was sacred), p a n a p u a . T o shoot with bow and arrow; archer, archery. p a n a u . T o move up and down as a seesaw; to flip along, as a lobster; restless, uneasy, always on tho move; to gad a b o u t ; pulsating motion of male organ; a vulgar or contemptuous gesture signifying the latter, made with the fist of one hand, while the other hand grasps the elbow j o i n t , jerking the forearm and clenched fist upwards. Panau ka 'opae, the shrimp moves with a flip [of a gadabout], h o ' o p a n a u . T o cause t o seesaw, wander, e t c . ; to make t h e vulgar gesture, p & n a u e a . Thin, weak, feeble, slow. Cf. hapauea. p & n a u n a u . 1. Redup. of panau. Bare, h o ' o p & n a u n a u . Redup. of ho'opanau. 2 . A native plant (Lobelia yuccoides), four to six feet high, with a slender, unbranched trunk tipped with a crown of narrow, white-backed leaves about a foot long, from which rises a flower spike two to three f e e t long crowded with 200 to 4 0 0 narrow blue flowers.

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p a n e k a l . T o move in. of the tide. Ua panekai 'ole ia po a hiki aku i ke kakahiaka (Kep. 101), t h a t night the tide did not move in until morning.

panekalupa, banekarupa. Bankrupt. Eng.

p a n e k a n a . Var. of palekana. p & n e k l , p a n e s i . Pansy. Eng. Also called po'okanaka. p a n e n a . Answer. Ua pau ka panena a ka leo, t h e answering by voice is over, p a n e p a n e . T o retort, talk back, h o ' o p a n e p a n e . T o cause cont roversy by arguing; same as above, p a n e p o ' o . Pinnacle, summit; topmost, most important; hind part of the head (preceded by ke). p S n e w a n e w a . Mourning, grief. Na la panewanewa o ke ali'i, days of mourning for t h e chief, p a u l . 1 . T o close, shut, substitute, replace, fill a breach or v a c a n c y ; closure, stopper, lid, cover, gate, door, substitute (sometimes preceded by ke). Cf. pani hakahaka. h o ' o p a n l . T o cause a closing, to pretend to close. 2 . Final bit of food closing a period of treatment by a medical practitioner, commonly but not always sea food; final gift in a ho'okupu ceremony. 3 . Oddshaped pandanus key t h a t fits like a keystone a t t n e b o t t o m of a pandanus cluster; when this is knocked out, t h e others fall easily. 4 . T h e bottom of a coconut when cracked off by blows around t h e base of t h e n u t ; It fits like a lid (pani). 5 . Disease with severe pain at the solar plexus and choking. 6 . Pan. Eng. Obs. p a n l a . Passive/imperative of pani, 1. Pania mai ka waimaka (Laie 523), t h e tears are stopped,

p&nlani, paanlanl. 1. Spanner, an instrument

for making rope of hair or yarn; spun yarn. 2 . Clear. Bare. p a n i c . T o lessen. Kauai. p a n i h a k a . Same as pani hakahaka. Lit., closing breach. p a n i h a k a h a k a . T o substitute, fill a vacancy, replace; substitute, replacement, successor, proxy. 'O wau no anei ka pani hakahaka no ke Akua ( K i n . 30.2), a m I in t h e place of God. p S n l h l . Var. of pa lihi. p a - n l h o - l o a . One of t h e wrasses (Thalassoma trilobata), 18 inches long, red body with green rectangular spots. Lit., long-toothed shell, p a n i i n o a . Pronoun. Lit., name substitute. p a n U n o a - h u l i - ' a u l k u m u . Reflexive pronoun. Lit., pronoun reverting to t h e s u b j e c t case,

paniinoa kalele mana'o. Emphatic pronoun. Lit., pronoun t h a t supports t h e thought,

paniinoa kuhlkuht. Demonstrative pronoun. Lit., directing pronoun.

paniinoa kuhi lauia. Indefinite pronoun. Lit., pronoun pointing widely,

paniinoa ninaninau. Interrogative pronoun.

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— paniinoa paniinoa pelu bope. Reflexive pronoun. Lit., pronoun folded after,

paniinoa pillklno. Personal pronoun,

p a n i k a i . Levee, dike, or any protection against the sea. p & n l k i . 1. T o press or pinch the hand or arm, as to a t t r a c t a t t e n t i o n ; punch, a,s for paper. Eng. 2 . T o punish; punishment. Eng. p a n l k f l . 1 . T o slam shut, as a door, to close abruptly, as in slamming a door in one's face; to foreclose, as a mortgage. 2 . T o pound, break. Obs. p a n i n a . 1. End, closing, very last, conclusion, finish, cessation, breaking off or cutting short. 2 . Plump cheeks. Obs. Cf. papalina. p a - n l n i . 1. T h e prickly pear (Opuntia megacantha), a Mexican branching cactus a b o u t 15 feet high, with a cylindrical trunk, and green, succulent, flattened, oblong to ovate joints, from which protrude many inch-long spines. Flowers are yellow or orange, large; the fruit is ovoid, about three inches long, yellow or purple, spiny. This cactus is a weed in Hawaii; the fruits are eaten or made into liquor. Lit., fence wall. (Neal 532.) In some localities called pápipi. 2 . A variety of sweet potato. p S - n l n i - ' a w a ' a w a . T h e true aloe (Aloe barbadensis, synonym A. vera), a rosette-shaped plant from the Mediterranean region, with narrow, thick, pale-green leaves, a foot long or longer, with prickly edges. T h e leaves yield a medicine used to treat some kinds of blisters or burns. (Neal 164.) Also 'aloe. p a n l n l k f l . T h e name of a seaweed, p a n l n i ' o . Same as nini'o, spotted, h o ' o p a n l n l ' o . S a m e as ho'onini'o.

pa-nlnl-o-kaPuna-hou.

The night-blooming

cereus ( H y l o c e r e u s undatus), a Mexican cactus with succulent, green, jointed, three-winged stems t h a t climb on trees and walls. About 1830 it was brought to Hawaii, where during summer and fall it bears large numbers of large white flowers which opon in the evening and last only until the next morning. (Neal 534.) Lit., the Punahou cactus,

panl'o. Smooth.

pilni'o. Same as ni'o. lio'opünl'o. Same as ho'B-

ni'o, streaked, p a n i - ' o l e . 1. A variety of sweet potato. 2 . A variety of taro. Lit., without a lid. p a n i o l o . 1. Cowboy. 2 . (Cap.) Spaniard, Spain; Spanish. (Probably Spanish, español.) p a n l ' d m o l e . B o t t l e stopper, cork, p a n l ' o n l ' o . Redup. of pani'o. p a n l p a n i . 1. Redup. of pani, to close. 2 . Coition (vulgar). 3 . Small outrigger canoe. Obs.

panlpo'o. Var. of panepo'o.

panlpfl. Plug or wad of a gun. Obs.

p a n l p u k a . Door, gate; cover of an opening; beggar sitting near a doorway. p a n i - p Q p ü . A cat's-eye, operculum, valve or round substance t h a t closes a shell. Lit., shell closure. p a n i w a l . Dam, sluice, levee, dike, p a n o . Dark, as clouds; obscure, black, shinyblack, deep blue-black. Fig., unapproachable as t h e unknown, said of very high chiefs believed to be of divine descent. C f pano pa'u. He pano ke ali'i, he weo ke kanaka (saying), t h e chief is obscure, the commoner is scarlet (in t h e sunlight, obvious], h o ' o p a n o . T o cause darkness; to make mysterious, unknown, unfathomable; same as above, p a n o a . Barren, arid, desert. Also 'anoa. Ko'a panoa (For. 6 : 5 0 1 ) , dry coral bank, as a t low tide. Panoa e like me ka wao akua (Zep. 2.13), a dry waste like t h e wilderness, h o ' o p a n o a . Causative/simulative; to cause barrenness. p A n o a . 1 . Easily taken, of a woman a t t h e beck and call of any man. Lit., touch freely. 2 . Lightweight wood. Obs.

pelu

hope

p a n o a n o a . 1 . Redup. of panoa. 2 . Scarce, very rare. Panoanoa ka ma'alo'alo 'ana a ka i'a, fish rarely passed there, p a n o e a . S a m e as panauea. Obs. p a n o h i ' l a k a . A bird (no data), p a n o h o n o h o . 1. T h e young of the nenue, a fish. 2 . A seaweed, p a n o n o n o . Full of holes, cracks; cracked. Obs. p a n o ' o . S a m e as pao'o, fish, p a n o ' o n o ' o . 1. S a m e as ho'omana'o. 2 . Same as panoanoa. Kai make panoanoa, calm sea t h a t bares [the reef, a t very low tide], 3 . A seaweed, p a n o p a n o . Redup. of pano. Ao panopano, thick cloud. 'O pano ia, 'o panopano o Kane i ka po panopano i hanau ( K L line 3 8 6 - 7 ) , a darkness, a dark darkness, K a n e born in t h e deep dark night, h o ' o p a n o p a n o . Redup. of hoopano. 'Ele'ele Hilo e, ho'opanopano i ka ua, Hilo is black, darkened in the rain, p a n o p a ' u . Glossy, glistening black, sooty-black; black streaks in grain of wood. p a n o p a ' O . Somewhat wet. Rare. p a n o ' u n o ' u . Short, stumpy, thick. p a n o ' O n o ' D . Somewhat wet. Rare. p a n u h u . 1. Second growth stage of the uhu, a fish. See uhu. 2 . T h r i f t y , as of plants. Obs. p a n u h u n u h u . S a m e as panuhu, 1, 2. p a n u n u - k u a h l w l . A native member of the gourd family (Sicyos cucumerinus), a more or less climbing herb with variable leaves, which range from entire and rounded to many-lobed. T h e fruit is narrow, about an inch long, grooved, one-seeded, p a n u ' u . S a m e as panuhu, 1, 2. Obs. p a o . 1. T o scoop out, dub out, as a log for a canoe, or as of the action of t h e sea on the coast; to peck, chisel out, bore. Fig., blunt, cruel in speech (preceded by ke). Pohaku pao, stone chisel. Cf. paoke'e.paokoke, paomoni. Ua pao 'ia 'o Pua e ka hoahanau, I ' u a was rebuked by the cousin. Pao ka lima, 'ae ka waha, the hand bores from below, the mouth says yes. 2 . T o insert, stick in, as wood into a fire; to stoke, as coal into a furnace. Cf. imu pao, pao ahi. 3 . Cave, pit, cavern. Lua pao, pit cave, as for burial. 4 . Arch of a bridge, bridge, p a o a . 1 . Strongly odoriferous; a strong odor, whether pleasant or unpleasant. Paoa ke 'ala o ka na'ena'e (song), the perfume of t h e na'ena'e is strong. Iwi paoa, lucky; lit., fragrant bones. [But. cf. paoa, 2.] 'O ka liana ia a ka lawai'a iwi paoa, t h a t is t h e way of the lucky fisherman. 2 . Unlucky, unsuccessful, as in fishing or sex. [But cf. iwi paoa under paoa, 1.1 Na wai e 'ole ka paoa, ua kahea kua 'ia, who can help having bad luck, when called from behind t h e back. 3 . T o have a t a s t e or desire for (usually used with waha, mouth). Paoa ka waha i ke kanaka, the mouth loves t h e taste of man [said of a shark], 4 . R a r e var. of pawa, predawn. p a o a h i . T o stoke a fire; stoker. Lit., fire inserter. p a o ' i o ' l . Imperfect, as in speech. Obs. p a ' o ' i ' o ' l . T o limp; limping.

paoka, paoda. Powder. Eng.

p a o k e ' e . T o slander, b e t r a y ; slanderer, traitor. p a o k o k e . T o betray one's relatives or those close (koke) to one. p a o l a . Quick recovery from sickness; quick healing. Cf. pamake. p a ' o l o . R a r e var. of pu'olo. p a o m o n i . T o contend with, make war on. Obs. p a o n a . Pound (Eng.), balance, scales, weight. Cf. kau paona. Mea'ono paona, pound cake, p a o n a k a u l l k e . B a l a n c e , scales. Lit., equally placed poundage,

paona keikl. Baby scales.

p a o n i . Disagreement, argument, contention; to argue, quarrel; envy (Biblical), ho'opaonl. To cause quarrel, strife.

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p a p a

p&onlonl. Redup. of paoni. ho'opaonlonl. Redup. of ho'opaoni. P&OIIO. B y sixes, sixfold; to divide by sixes, to have six; six times, h o ' o p & o n o . Causative/ simulative. Hare. p&o'o. N a m e for several varieties of 'o'opu, a fish. T h e name may be qualified by the terms kauila, lehei, luahine, puhi. This fish is said t o leap f r o m pool to pool along the coast; it is often used for bait; it figures prominently in legends. For example see ha'apupu. Also pano'o. pS'O'O. Broken or discarded portions of sweet potatoes; sprouting bits of these fragments, p a o p a o . Redup. of pao, 1, 2. (Ja paopao 'ia 'oia no ko kakou hala, he was wounded for our transgressions. Paopao noho ni'a, blunt or proud speech [caused byl jealousy, p a ' o p a ' o , u l u a - p a ' o p a ' o . A species of ulua, a fish (Caranz speciosus); green and yellow with vertical green bands; considered one of the best fishes for eating raw. P & ' o p u a . N a m e of a star (no data), p a ' o u ' o u . N a m e given to young of the hou, a fish. p a p a . 1. Flat surface, stratum, layer, level, foundation, story of a building; class, rank, order, table; sheet, plate, shelf (rare); flat, level. Cf. ali'i papa, papa ali'i. Kui papa, to make overlap on a lei, as feathers, llelu papa, to recite in consecutive order. Ne'e papa, to m o v e in rank. Noho papaL placed together in order by rank, system. Kuku papa, to stand in ranks, as an army, h o ' o p a p a . T o place in rank or filo; to put in order, to put in layers, overlay, as shinglos; to make a shelf; to pack neatly. ( P P N papa, P M P papak or papan.) 2. Native-born, especially f o r several generations. Noho papa, to dwell in a certain place f o r generations. 3* Set close together, thick together, as of growing plants; in unison, all together. Cf. holopapa, kapapa, ne'epapa, papapu. He kahili papa iki, a feather standard with small feathers. 4. Board, lumbor; wooden. 5. A variety of kava. T h e name may be qualified by the colors 'ele'ele, kea. 6. M i d d l e portion of a fishing net, a net. 7. (Cap.) N a m e of a wind on Maui. 8. Stone used as sinker f o r liihe'e, octopus lure. ( M a l o li».) - p a p a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o p a p a . Purification of woman after childbirth, involving medicinal herbs bound to the abdomen, and a taboo on sex relations. ( M a l o 138.) p a p a . T o blow, as the wind; to sound, echo; to shine, as sun or moon. Cf. pa, i>. Papa ka leo o ke kai, the voice of the sea sounds, p a p a . 1. T o forbid, prohibit. Papa 'ana, prohibition. Waiwai i papa 'ia e ke kanau-ai, contraband goods; lit., goods forbidden by the law. Ua papa au idia, 'a'ole e hele, I forbid him to go. 2. T o touch, as of t w o objects. Inlrans. h o ' o p a p a . (a) T o touch repeatedly; to feel, as a blind person; a contest in wit or strength; to hold such a contest; repartee; to endeavor to find out something or obtain something i)y indirect methods, by feeling out the person indirectly. (b) A style of guitar playing in which one person strums, and the other touches the strings of the same guitar to produce certain effects; to play thus. 3. A small, active greencolored crab, perhaps Percnon planissimum. ( E d . 308.) 4. Papa. Eng. p a p & - . Redup. of pa-1 preceding numerals. IIuna papakanalima a'e ia lakou i loko o ke ana (1 rial. 18.4), hid them by fifties in a cave. Ua papaono lakou i na 'eheu ( H o i k . 4.8), each of t h e m had six wings, h o ' o p a p a - . Redup. of ho'opa-. Rare. p a p a ' a . Redup. of pa'a, 1; tight, secure, especially of a walled stronghold. Hale papa'a, storehouse. Na kulanakauhale papa'a o Solomona (2 Oihn. 8.6), the store cities of Solomon. E 'ae ho'i 'oe e ha'awi mai i kahi keiki no maua, papa'a mai nei ho'i 'oe, why not agree to give us t w o a child, you are just holding back.

h e l u

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p a p a ' a . 1. Cooked crisp, as pig; overdone, burned, parched; scab, of a sore L Cf. palaoa papa'a, papa'a palaoa. 'Ili papa'a /«. sunburned or tanned skin. 'A'ohe nao at i ka papa'a, what a calamity to eat the burned food [a calamity], h o ' o p a p a ' a . T o make crisp, brittle; to burn, scorch. 2. Slice, as of bread; uncut piece. Cf. papa'a hao, papa'a lepo, papa'a palaoa, papa'a pelena. 3. Cluster of tiny red and yellow feathers tied together fanwise, as presented to a chief to be used f o r featherwork. Also called pa'a'a. 4. A red sugar cane with light-brown fibers; it has an odor similar to burnt sugar, hence its name. Used in love sorcery. 5. Bark, as of trees. 6. Same as paki'i, 2, fish, p a p a ' a . A sturdy mother-of-pearl; a strong pa, lure. p a p a ' a h a o . Scrap iron. p a p a ' a - h e k l l t . Same as huahekili-uka, a shrub. p a p a ' a hQpe. Dried nasal mucus. p a p a ' a i a n a . Ironing board. p a p a ' a i n a . Dining table; eating mat, as laid on the floor; meal, dinner, p a p a ' a ' l n a . T o crackle, snap; crackling, snapping; sharp crack, as of something breaking, or of crackling sound of feet walking over a crusty surface; to crack, as joints; brittle, easily broken. Cf. 'u'ina. p a p a ' a k a i . Salt-encrusted; salt; coated by sea spray, as plants near the sea. p a p a ' a k a o . Slabs of salted and dried goat meat, p a p a ' a k e a . 1. Same as pa'akea, limestone. 2. A seaweed (Liagora valida), related to puakl. p a p a ' a - k o a l i . A sweet potato, p a p a ' a k d n a h u a . Entrails, as of a pig. 06s. p a p a ' a k u k u i . See papa'a, 6. p a p a ' a la. Sunburned, tanned; parchod, dried up by the sun. p a p a ' a lepo. Clod of dirt. (Ioba 7.5.) p a p a a l i ' i . One of the chiefly class; chiefly class. Cf. ali'i papa. p a p a ' a n a . Same as pa'apa'ana, l, i.E p&pa'anH mai 'oe e kdkua mai ia'u, haste thee to help me. p a p a ' a p a l a o a . Slico of bread. Cf. palaoa papa'a. p a p a ' a p e l e n a ( b e r e n a ) . A whole, unbroken cracker: crust of bread; wafer (Oihk. 8.26). p a p a ' a plcle. Crusty scalp due to eruption of p matter. a p a a p o ' o . Same as papa po'o. pftpa'apO. Cooked to a crisp, burned; crusty, heavily encrusted, p a p a ' a u a . Redup. of pa'aua. p a p a ' a u w a e . L o w e r jaw. For example see naoho'opa'i. p a p a ' a w e l a . A b u m ; burned; scorched; hardened, as breadfruit on one side, p a p a ' e ' e m o k u . Board of immigration, p a p a - ' e l e ' e l e . l . Blackboard. 2. See papa, hpftpahfl. Redup. of paha. p a p a h a n a . 1. W o r k method, plan, stratagem; workbench. 'O ka papa hana keia a Kua'ua'u, this is Kua'ua'u's method [that of a famous medical practitioner). 2. Ceremony for the gods, as in offering kava. p a p a - h a p u ' u . A fish, possibly a hapu'u (no data). p a p a h e ' e n a l u . Surfboard. Lit., board [for) sliding waves. Ha'awi papa he'e nalu, t o g i v e with the understanding that the object will be returned [surfboards were loaned rather than given). p a p a h e h l . Footboard, used f o r dancing; treadle. Lit., board to step on. p a p a h e l e . Floor. Lit., walking board, p a p a h e l u . Table, list, enumeration; scoreboard; statistics.

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— papahi — p a p a l o a . Long reef. Ku ka halelo, 'a'aka ka papaioa (chant), t h e jaggedness appears, the coral reef is cracked, p a p a ' l o l e . Irregularly cut, of hair, said to be named for an irregular haircut given to Plkoia-ka'alala by his r a t sisters, and short for pa'ipa I Hole, r a t haircut, p a p a l p u . Shelf for food containers, p a p & l w a . Redup. of paiwa. p a p a k a h i . Redup. of p&kahi. Miki papakahi, to dip up poi with one finger, p a p a k a h u n a . Priestly class, p a p a k a l . Shoved, pounded by t h e sea. p a p a k a n a - . Prefix to numbers from kolu (three) to iwa (nine): see papa-. p a p a k a u a . Division of an army; group of men armed with pololu, spears, surrounding t h e king (Malo 204, Emerson note), p a p a k a u k a u . Same as pakaukau. p a p a - k e a . See papa, 5, a variety of kava. p a p a k e a . White s t r a t u m , sand beach, p a p a k e a . White spray, as of sea; to rise in spray; white caps. p a p a k e ' e h a n a . Var. of papa ke'ehina. (1 Nal. 6.30.) p a p a k e ' e h i n a . Floor. Lit., trampled stratum, p a p a k e m a , b a p a t e m a . Baptism. Eng. Makua papakema, godparent. Keiki papakema, godchild. p a p a k l ' i . To sit fiat, as on the floor. Obs. p a p a k o a . 1. Board of wood of koa, a tree. 2. Group or band (Oih. 10.1) of soldiers; rank or company of an army, p a p a k o l e . Hip, hipbone^ buttocks. (For. 4:293, Dan. 5.6.) lie pili papakole, related to in-laws [disrespectful], p a p a kOlea. Plover flats, p a p a k o l e a . To break, of waves. Obs. p f t p a k o l e - k a - i v a ' a . Same as papakole-koa' e. p S p a k o l e - k o a ' e . A variety of taro, grown chiefly in Kona, Ka'u, and Puna. Hawaii; plant stocky, petioles red-striped, corm white, used especially for table taro. Lit., tropic bird buttocks. Cf. koa'e, a taro. p a p a k o l u . Redup. of pakolu. p a p a k o m i k l n a . Board of commissioners, p a p a k O n a n e . Checkerboard; mat motif, p a p a k t t . 1. Foundation or surface, as of t h e earth; floor, as of ocean; bed, as of a stream. Papaku kia, slab holding a canoe mast. 2. Upright (this is said in answer to t h e question "pehea 'ce?" and means " I ' m fine"). Cf. papa moe. 3. A disease with severe constipation (AP) or accompanied by vomiting, back pains, belching, red eyes ( KaLeo o kaLahui, Feb. 7, 1893). Obs. p a p a k u h l k u h i . Table of contents, index, program, timetable. Lit., pointing-out s t r a t u m . Papa kuhikuhi i ka po'e koho, instructions t o voters. p a p a k u h i k u h i m a n a w a . Schedule, as of ship arrivals and departures, p a p a k u ' l ' a l . Poi-pounding board, p a p a l a . Redup. of pala, 1. p a p a l a . 1. All species of a native genus (Charpentiera), shrubs and small trees, belonging t o t h e a m a r a n t h family. Formerly on t h e north coast of Kauai, Hawailans used t h e wood, which is light and inflammable, for fireworks, throwing burning pieces from cliffs. (Neal 284.) 2. Firebrand, as hurled from the cliffs in t h e famous Kauai sport, so called because papala wood was often used. Ke ahi papala welo i Makua (chant), t h e streaming papala firebrand a t M a k u a . 3. Haze, fog; hoarse, as t h e voice. Obs, p a p a l a ' a u . Board, plank, any large wooden platter, lumber.

p & p a h l . To decorate, honor, confer honors; adornment, decoration. Cf. lei papahi. p & p a h i k u . Redup. of pahiku. Ho'okomo papihiku 'o Noa id lakou (song), Noah p u t t h e m in by sevens, p a p a h l m e n i . Choir, p a p a h o ' l k e . Program, timetable, p a p a h o l a . 1. Face cf a clock or watch. 2. Level pavement about a heiau, Obs. (Malo 162.) 3. Priests who prohibited noise during taboo. Obs. 4. Division of spoils among t h e victors. Obs. p a p a h o l e . Smooth, planed lumber; grooved board for making ribbed tapa. p a p a h o l o . Lattice. (2 Nal. 1.2.) p a p a taolol. Washboard. p a p a h O l u a . Sledge composed of two narrow runners, 7 to 18 feet long, as used for the hdlua sport. p a p a h o n u a . Foundation of the earth, p a p a tao'oholo. Slide plate on a sewing machine, pa^ia h o ' o l e w a l e w a . Same as papa lewalewa. p a p a h o ' o n a ' a u a o . Board of education, p a p a h u . Same as pahu, stake; to push. For example see kanu. p a p a h u l l h o n u a . Class of high priests versed in study of the earth, p a p a h u l u h u l u . Rough lumber, p a p a h u l u l . 1. Pile, as of winnings, objects. Cf. hului, 1. 2. Same as hului. a Ashing net. (Malo 210.)

p a p a l . Same as pd'ou, fishes, p a p a ' l . 1. Redup. of paH, 1-5. h o ' o p a p a ' l . Redup. of ho'opa'i; to move the stomach muscles, as in certain hula dances, 2. See hale papa'i. p a p a ' l . 1. General name for crabs. 2. Small temporary hut or shelter, as a t upland plantations or by fishing grounds, p a p a l a . Same as mikana, papaya, p a p a l a . An offering; a place of offering, as for kava. Obs. p a p a ' l ' a l . Cookhouse. Lit., food shed, p a p a l a f l l u . To blow, rise, as a breeze. Aia ka papaiaulu makani ke ku maila, there is the breeze coming u p over there, p a p a l ' a w a , p & p a l a - ' a w a . Ceremonial offering of kava, especially to free one from the necessity of completing an oath or vow; to perform such a ceremony. (Laie 475.) p 4 p a ' l - l w l - p f l p O . Hermit crab. Also called unauna, 'ounauna. Lit., bone shell crab, p a p a ' l k a h u . Cookhouse. Lit., baking shed, p a p a ' l k l l u . Shed where kilu, a game, was played. (For. 6:197.) p a p a ' l - k u a - l e n a l e n a . Yellow-backed crab. Fig., experienced warrior, p a p a ' l - k u a - l o a . The crab commonly called " K o n a c r a b " (Ranina serrata).Lit., long-backed crab. p a p a ' l - k f l h o n u . Same as kuhonu, a crab, p a p a ' l k u k u l . Same as pa'i kukui. p a p a ' l - L a n a ' l . A kind of crab. (Malo 45.) p a p a ' l l a w a l ' a . Fisherman's hut. p a p a ' l - l l m u . A species of crab, probably Simocarcinus simplex. Lit., seaweed crab. (Ed. 275.) p a p a ' l - l l p o a . Same as papa'i-limu. Lit., lipoa (seaweed) crab, p a p a l l u a . Redup. of pailua. ho'opapallua. Redup. of ho'opailua-, beginning to be nauseated, first symptoms of nausea, p a p a ' l m a h l ' a l . Temporary h u t of a farmer near plantations, p a p a I n o a . List or catalogue of names, p a p a i o . Sacrifice; propitiatory offering or food offering. Obs.

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— papapapa p a n f t l & ' a u . To fence, t o hit repeatedly with sticks.

papa l&'au manoanoa. Plank.Lit., wide wooden

board. p& p a l a b a l a h a . P l a t t e r (preceded by ke). Lit., flat plate. p a p a l a l . F r y i n g p a n (preceded b y ke). p a p a l a - k a ' l l l - ' f i . N a m e of a lua fighting hold, perhaps f r o m papala ka'ili 'ula, red snatching firebrand, p a p a l a - k e a . A variety of taro. p a p a l a - k e p a u . T h r e e n a t i v e species of trees in t h e four-o clock family, belonging to three different genera (Rockia, Ceodes, Heimerliodendron). (Neal 287.) Lit., g u m papala; t h e g u m was used for bird catching. See also aulu, 3. p d p a l a l e . R e d u p . of palale, 1, 2. p a p a l a l l . R e d u p . of palall. p a p a l a l o . Lower floor of a house, valley b o t t o m , lower s t r a t u m . p a p a l a l O . R e d u p . of palalu, 1,2. p a p a l a m o a . Same as palamoa. p a p a l a n l . Heavenly s t r a t u m , heaven and all t h e spiritual powers; upper regions of t h e air, upper heavens, firmament. p a p a l a O a . Same as papala, 3. He ao papalaoa no ke kuahiwi (chant), a misty cloud for t h e hill, p a p a l a u l e l e . Small net, as for fishing in shallow water. p i p a l a w e k a . Same as palaweka. p a p a l e . R e d u p . of pale, t o ward off. p & p a l e . H a t , head covering; crest, as of a quail; chapter on t o p of a column (2 Oihu. 3.15); t o p u t on a h a t , wear a h a t ; to overshadow. Po'o papale, crested head. Papale i ka papale, to p u t on or wear a hat. Komo i ka papale, to p u t on a hat [new form]. Ua ulu kou nani a papale maluna o kou kaikua'ana, your boauty has increased so it overshadows t h a t of your sister,

papale ali'l. Crown,

p a p a l e h a t n l k a . Mitre. (I'uk. 28.4.) p a p a l e ' l e . H a t m a d e by plaiting a long strip, as of coconut or bamboo, which was t h e n sewed i n t o a h a t . Some of t h e braids used were alahaka-o-Nualolo, 'eke'eke, iwi-puhi, kala hale, IU, piko-o-Hale-a-kala. Lit., baskut hat, so called because t h e narrow strip is similar to t h a t used in making t h e basket 'ie.

papale k a p u . Cap.

p a p a l e l a ' a . Holy crown or head covering. (Puk. 39.30.)

papa lele kawa. Springboard for diving,

p a p a l e m O ' o u ' o u . P o k e bonnet. Lit., b l u n t h a t . p a p a l e n a . Fending off, warding oil, pushing aside. Cf. papale. p a p a i e o . S a m e as papa'olelo. p a p a l e ' o ' o m a . Bonnet, sunbonnot. Lit., flared hat. p a p a l e p a h u . H a t plaited on a pahu papale.

papale walokila. Panama hat.

p a p a l e w a l e w a . N e t used in deep water with t h e melomelo club. Obs. p a p a l l . Small cliff or slope, as along a ravine, p a p a l i k e . Of t h e same species, class, rank, p a p a i l m a . 1. R e d u p . otpalima, 1. 2. Confirmed, as a n a g r e e m e n t by striking h a n d s . h o ' o p a p & H m a . T o t o u c h h a n d s as in m a k i n g a n agreement.

papa llmahana. Labor board,

p a p a i l n a , p a p a i l n a . Cheek, cheeks. PapHlina nui, big cheeks, flabby f a t flesh in general. p a p a l o l o . T h e legal profession. Hoa o ka papa loio, m e m b e r of t h e bar. p a p a i o l e . Sluggish, indolent. Obs. p a p a l u . S a m e as palupalu.

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p a p a l u . Apron, covering, as to conceal n a k e d ness ; to cover._Kui ihola laua i na lau piku a pa'a, i mau papalu no laua (Kin. 3.7), t h e y sewed fig leaves together, and m a d e themselves aprons. p a p a l u a . Second floor or story, second class, p a p a i u a . R e d u p . of palua; twice as much, very dual n a t u r e d . much, doubly. 'Ano papaiua, 'Ike papaiua, to have t h e gift of second sight. Kino papaiua, t o h a v e a dual form, as t h e demigod K a m a - p u a ' a , who could change f r o m m a n to hog. Miki papaiua, t o eat poi with t w o fingers. Papaiua aku ke kolohe, twice as m u c h mischief. Ua papaiua ka nui o kela ma mua o keia, there's twice as much of this as of t h a t ,

papa luna kla'l. Board of supervisors,

p a p a m a n a m a n a . Grate, grating. Lit., branching surface. Papa manamana pukapuka keleawe (Puk. 27.4), grate of network of brass,

papa manawa. Same as papahola.

p a p a m o e . Horizontal s t r a t u m . Fig., sick. Cf. papaku.

papamo'i. Same as mo'i,

p a p a m u . 1. Konane board, checkers; plaid; checkered, as gingham. Cf. mu, 8. 2. A variety of taro. p a p a n a . Same as papa. p a p a n e . R e d u p . of pane, 1. p a p a n l . l i e d u p . of pani, 1; interception, shutting oil, as f r o m view. IIolo papani ka 'eha, t h e pain s h u t s oiT breath. Ka mo'o-pekena kali i papani i kona pepeiao (Hal. 58.4), t h e deaf adder t h a t has stopped u p her ear.

papa nlho. Row of teeth, set of teeth; jaw. p a p a n l p a n l . R e d u p . of panipani, 1. p a p a u o . R e d u p . of pano, dark, p a p a n o a n o a . R e d u p . of panoa. Rare.

papa nobo. Bench,

p a p a o . Same as paopao. p a p a ' o h e . Young of akule, a fish, p a p a ' o h l . D r a f t board, selection board, p a p a ' o l . Same as ka'upu, a fern. p a p a ' O k o l e . Same as papakole. p a p a Ola. Board of health. pSp&'Olelo. To converse, talk. E papS'olelo kaua, 'oiai ka mana'o i 'ane'i (chant), let's converse while t h e desire is here, p a p a ' O l e w a l e w a . Same as papa lewalewa. (Malo 212, Emerson note.) Obs.

papa o na kahu kula o ke kulanul. Board of

regents of t h e university, p a p a o u o . R e d u p . of paono. A 'o ua po'e mea ola la 'eha, ua papaono lakou i na 'eheu (Hoik. 4.8), and the four beasts had each of t h e m six wings. p a p a p S . R e d u p . of pa, 1. p a p a p a . 1. Low, flat, as a reef. Cf. hapapa. 2. Beans, peas, lentils; t h e h y a c i n t h bean (Dolichos lablab), f r o m tropical Asia, a long vine somew h a t like t h e L i m a bean and having edible seeds, growing wild in Hawaii. Also called pi. (Nea[ 410.) Ka papapa maka a me ka pi a me ka papapa papa'a (2 Sam. 17.28), beans and lentils and parched pulse, p a p a p a ' a k a l . Salt flat. Fig., sour disposition, p a p a p a ' i . Reduplication a n d f r e q u e n t a t i v e of pa'i, 1. p a p a p a ' l . Printing press. Ka mana o ka papa pa'i, t h e power of t h e press,

papa pa'Ina. Table for eating,

p a p a p a l a o a . B r e a d b o a r d ; cake (Ier. 7.18); pancake, wafer (ofts.). p a p a p a l a p a l a . W r i t i n g desk, board, or flat surface where writing Is done, p a p a p a p a . Same as papa, 1. Obs. I ka papapapa ka nalu o O'ahu (chant), t h e waves or O a h u on t h e flat reefs.

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p a p a p a u

p a p a p a u . Redup. of papau; e v e r y o n e . A no ka hewa 'ana o Kumu-honua ma, papapau ai kanaka i ka make ( K e p . 49), because of the sin of Kumu-bonua, e v e r y b o d y died, h o ' o p a p a p a u . Redup. of ho'opapau. p a p a p e l e n a ( b e r e n a ) . A flat cake. Biblical. p a p a p O h a k u . 1. R o w or tier of stones. 2. Slate. 3. Stone table, stone flat, or stone surface, as for pounding, p a p a p o ' o . T h e leading division, class, rank, especially the first company of warriors sent out t o plunder in order to p r o v o k e war. Lit., head rank. p a p a p Q . 1. R o w or tier of guns, class of guns. 2. C o m p l e t e l y covered, as rocks by shellfish. Papapu ka pohaku i ka 'opihi, the rock is covered with limpets, p a p a - p u e o . A variety of taro, grown on M a u i ; petioles deep-pink at base, grading t o light-pink and green with white edge; c o r m used for poi. Lit., owl flat. p a p a p u ' u k a n i . Choir, choral group, p a p a u . Deeply engaged, as in an a c t i v i t y ; finished; engrossed, absorbed, united; all, all together. Cf. pau. Ua papau ko'u no'ono'o i ka hana, m y entire thoughts are absorbed in the work. Papau pu lakou i ka 'eha, they were all hurt, h o ' o p a p a u . T o d e v o t e oneself, to make an effort to finish up. p & p a ' u . Shallow, shoal. Papa'u ka 'ike o keia kanaka, that man's knowledge is shallow. p S p a u a . A b i v a l v e ( I s o g n o m o n ) . ( E d . 103; K L line 25.) But cf. 'dlepe-papaua. p & p a u a - r a o m i . A b i v a l v e (said t o be Chama iosoloma). p a p a u h l w a ' a . Hoard used to c o v e r space forward of the forward outrigger boom, p a p a ' u l a . A m a t motif consisting of a row of opposing triangles with their apices touching, p a p a u l l . Kedup. of pauli. E ho'omaka mai ai ka 'ino, ka papauli makani, ua, a me ke kui ( K e p . 93), beginning the storm, wind bringing clouds and dark seas, rain, and sea. p a p a u m a k e . T o die, of m a n y ; complete annihilation; cemetery (obs.). p a p a ' u n u . T o fill up and cram. Obs. p a p a w a e n a . M i d d l e floor or s t o r y ; middle class or layer. p a p a w a h a n u l . L a r g e baglike net used f o r akule. p f t p a w a l u . Redup. of pawalu. p a p a w i l l . M i x i n g board or tray, p a p a w i l l ' a l . M i x i n g board, f o o d trough, board f o r kneading poi, kneading trough ( P u k . 12.34). p a p e k e m a , b a p e t e m a . T o baptize, baptismal; baptism. Cf. keiki papakema, papakema. P a p e k i k e , B a p e t i t e . Baptist. Eng. p a p e k l k o , b a p e t l s o . 1. T o baptize; baptismal; 2. (.Cap.) Baptist. p 3 p e p a . Paper plate or dish (preceded by ke). P a p l u e . Baffin. Eng. Kai o Papine, Baffin B a y . p&plo. 1. Same as papiopio, a fish. 2. Pressed down, flat, especially of a woman's pa'u, skirt; furled, as a flag, or as the makahiki banner; to hold fiat; to tuck under, as a hen with chicks. Noho papio, t o sit properly with knees together and f e e t t o one side, of women. Papio i ka palekoki, t o hold the skirt flat d o w n [as in a strong wind). Kamalo-papio (name), the malo [ flap] held down, p & p l ' o . T o f o r m an arch; t o arch; an arch, p & p l o p l o . T h e young stage of g r o w t h of ulua, a fish. p & - p i p l . Same as pa-nini, cactus. Lit., cattle fence. p S - p l p l - p u a . Same as pa-nini-o-kaPuna-hou. p o h a k u . Stone wall. P & p o l o h l w a . N a m e of a star observed by priests.

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p & p o ' o . T o d i v e to the opening of a papa (net) in fishing. Lit., head touching, p&pft. 1. Fort, fortress. Lit., gun enclosure. Alanui Papa, F o r t Street. 2. A plain, clear piece of ground; clear, unobstructed, visible, in plain sight, directly confronting. Ku papu mai ka pali i mua o ka hale, the cliff stood directly visible in f r o n t of the house, p & p u a . T o shoot with bow and arrow; archery. p & p Q h e a . Dead calm. p S p u h e n e . Same as puhenehene, the game. F l y i n g fortress, battleship. p a p u l o . Papyrus, rush ( I o b a 8.11). Eng. p S p u l O . Buffalo. Eng. p a p u n a , b a b u n a . Baboon. Eng. p& p u n l . Circular enclosure, surrounding wall, as about a fish poud. p a u . 1. Finished, ended, completed, over, all done; final, finishing; entirely, completely, very much; a f t e r ; all, to have all; t o be completely possessed, consumed, destroyed. (Used in loa'at y p e constructions. Gram. 4.1, as: E pau no keia hana ia kakou, we will finally finish this work.) Pau or pau a precedes some words with meaning of " v e r y , very m u c h . " Cf. pau ma'alea, pau 'ono. Cf. also apau, ku'ike, pau apau, pauloa, paunui, -pau pilikia. Pau ka ha'awina, the lesson is finished. Pau ke ka'a i ka nahaha, the car was completely destroyed. Pau 'eka, very dirty, filthy. Oki pau ka hana a ka huila, extremely wonderful is the doing of the wheel. Pau na luna i ka 'eha, all the officers were injured. Pau i ka lilo, all sold, gone, taken. Ka pau 'ana ihola no ia o ka'u ha'awina, my lesson is just finished. Pau Pete, pau mano, consumed by Pole, consumed by a shark [an oath meaning " m a y 1 be destroyed if I have not spoken t r u t h " ) , h o ' o p a u . T o put an end to, finish, stop, cancel, revoke, repeal, abolish, consume; to dismiss or discharge, as f r o m work; to use too much, waste; cancellation, finishing; completely, all. Cf. ho'opaumanawa. Ho'opau ho'oino 'ia aku, dishonorably discharged [as f r o m the armed services). Ho'opau 'ai, to waste f o o d , said figuratively of one not worth his food. Ho'opau wale, nolle prosequi. E ho'opau 'oe i kau uwe 'ana, stop your crying. E ho'opau 'ia a ma keia ke ho'opau loa 'ia nei ke kandwai, the law shall be and hereby is revoked. Ka ho'opau 'ana o ka 'aelike, cancellation of contract. Ua ho'opau 'ia ko Haua'iliki na'au 'e'ehia, ala a'ela ia a holn wikiwiki akula ( L a i e 457), Haua'iliki's heart was completely filled with terror, he j u m p e d and ran swiftly a w a y . 2. Said t o be (used in special idioms, u n f a v o r a b l y ) . Hele akula i kauhnle e kama'ilio ai, i laila pau ko'u hiamoe nui, ka hana 'ole, going to houses of others and chatting, there saying that I ' m sleeping all the time, doing no work. Pau kona lapuwale i na hoahanau, said by his brothers to be worthless, p a ' u . 1. Soot, smudge; ink dregs; ink p o w d e r ; ink used f o r tattooing made of burned kukui shells; tar-colored excrement as resulting f r o m hemorrhage; sooty. h o ' o p a ' U . T o soil, smudge, make sooty. 2. Drudgery, slaving; tedious and laborious work. h o ' o p a ' U . T o treat as a drudge, oppress with tedious labor. p a ' Q . M o i s t , damp, mouldy. Same as ma'u. Ka ua pa'u pili, the rain that soaks the pili grass, h o ' o p a ' d . T o soak, moisten, dampen. p a ' Q . 1. W o m a n ' s skirt, sarong; skirt worn by women horseback riders; t o wear a pa'u. Fig., the sea ( U L 36). C f . pa'u-halaka. Pa'u hula, any kind of dance skirt. Pa'u la'i, ti-leaf skirt. Pa'u-o-Lu'ukia, ornamental sennit lashing of canoe float to outrigger boom, said to h a v e been named for the chastity belt worn by L u ' u k i a ( M a l o 134, Emerson note). h o ' o p a ' O . T o put on a pa'u. 2. M a t covering f o r a canoe, sometimes with crew sticking their heads out through holes in the mat. ( M a l o 135, Emerson note.)

papa lewa.

p a u a . 1. Same as papaua, a clam. 2. A rare crab. 3. A v a r i e t y of taro, extinct in K o n a and K a ' u .

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— pauma'ele H a w a i i ; petiole dark-green, becoming whitish a b o v e ; c o r m white, long-keeping. E 'ai ana 'oe i ka poi paua o Keaiwa, you are eating the paua poi of K e a i w a [the v e r y best; said also of ardent lovers], p a u & ' a l l n a , H e a v y , burdensome. Obs. p a u a h l . Destruction by fire, burned; to put out a Are. 'Inikua pau ahi, Are insurance. Kahea pau ahi, fire alarm. P a i l - a h l . N a m e of a star of astrologers, said t o rise in the early morning during the month of Kaulua. p a ' u a h l . Soot, black cindery sand or ash. Lit., Are soot. P a u - a h i - l a n i . N a m e of a star, said to appear early on the night of Muku. p a u a h o . Out of breath, breathless, gasping for breath, panting.Fig., discouraged, faint-hearted, despairing, desperate, weary, exhausted; to die. Pauaho rnai 'o Xica i ki'ia ola 'ami, so-and-so has departed this life, h o ' o p a u a h o . Causative/ simulative; to cause shurtness of breath, panting. despair, etc. Ho'opauaho lakou ia lakou iho i ka 'imi i ka puka ( K i n . 19.11), they wearied themselves t o find the door, p a u ' a k a . 1. Grotesque, odd. Ua kalai pau'aka 'ia ke po'o o ke ki'i, the head of the image is carved grotesquely, h o ' o p a i l ' a k a . T o make grotesque, odd. 2. Damaging; unreliable, deceitful. Mai pau'aka mai 'oe i ka hana a makou, don't you disturb our work. 3. Of no use, fruitless, unproductive, without reward or profit, discouraging, h o ' o p a u ' a k a . Same as above. 4. Quail, so called because of its song. Obs. See manu-kapalulu. p a u ' a k a ' a k a . 1. Red up. of pau'aka, 1, S, 3. 2. Same as maku'u, 1, and moamoa, 2. 3. Neck in a house rafter. ( M a l o 120.) p a u ' a l i . Crooked, perverse. Obs. p a u a n e ' I n e ' i . Same as ne'e, to move, p a u a n l h l . Same as paunihinihi. p a u a p a u . E v e r y o n e , all the people (as with the idea of participating in a previously stated a c t ) . / ka poni md'i 'ana, pau apau, a t t h e coronation, e v e r y o n e [was there]. Ina he kokua no ka hale pule, pau apau, if it is f o r help f o r the church, e v e r y o n e [helps]. p& u e a . Var. spelling of pa uwea, wire fence, p a u ' e k a . V e r y d i r t y . See 'eka. h o ' o p a u ' e k a . T o soil, make dirty, - p a u h a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o p a u h a . Similar t o ho'opaumanawa. p a ' n - h a l a k a . According to Emerson, shielding of one's modesty w i t h the hand; also said of the sea. ( U L 124.) p a ' u h a n a . Constantly at work, drudgery, p a u h a n a n u ' u . P l u m p ; waddling. p a ' Q h e l h e l . A pa'u festooned with leaf or ferns tied a b o u t ; a sarong made of such leaves. A'a wahine kxheihei, pa'u heihei o uka ( P H 170), women w i t h shawls, leaf-draped sarongs of the uplands. p a u h e o h e o . A n insult. Same as heoheo. p & u h i . A mother-of-pear] bonito hook used when t h e sun was bright and high. Lit., covering lure, p a ' u h l a . O v e r c o m e with sleep; overwhelmed with desire; overtaken by evil or calamity, h o ' o p a ' u h l a . T o cause to fall into a deep sleep, as a drug, p a f l h u . Small, narrow-chested. Obs. p & u h u . See leho-pauhu. p a u h a . Same as panuhu. Obs. p £ u h u u h u . A kind of uhu, a fish seven t o t w e l v e inches in size, red and brown in color, p a u - ' i o l e . A v a r i e t y of taro. p a u k a , p a n d a . 1. P o w d e r . Eng. 2. See kake pauka. p a u k a ' a . All taken, consumed. Obs. p a u k e ' e . C u r v e d . Fig., dishonest, deceitful.

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p a u k l k l . Fast, speedily; speed; to do with great speed. Paukikl ka holo 'ana o ke ka'a, the car has speeded along, p a u k i l o . Intensifier of kilo, t o see. Pau kilo i ka hana a ke ali'i, to observe intently what the chief does. p a u k a . 1. Section, link, piece; stanza, verse, as in the Bible; article, as of l a w ; paragraph; to section off, cut in sections, slice in sections; t o make a lei with sections of different colors, as feathers, or roses and begonias; length f r o m the ends of the fingers of one hand to the elbow of the opposite arm when extended; land section smaller than a mo'o {Thrum's Annual, 1925, p. 68); a unit of measurement; a squad ( m i l i t a r y ; see mokuna); jointed, linked. E paukii ana no ka hala me ka lehua ( P H 27), pandanus and lehua sections being made into a lei. 2. R o o t of the ka'e'e vine, used medicinally. 3. Same as 'opu'ohao, a disease, p a u k u a . Passive/imperative of pauku, 1. p a u k a k i n o . Body trunk, torso. p a u k Q k Q . Kedup. of pauku, 1. Lei paukuku, lei with stripes or bands of different colors. Ko'i paukuku, an adze used for cutting sections in a canoe log that is to be made into a canoe, pauktt m a n a w a . Portion of time, era. p a u k a ' o l o k a ' a . Cylinder. Lit., r e v o l v i n g section. p a u l a . P o w d e r . Eng. p&'llla. Darkened, of mature wood. Lit., redtouched. p a u l & ' I . T o walk over the sea or fljo, as a god. Obs. p a u l e h i a . E x t r e m e l y skilled, expert (lehia). p a u l e l e . Faith, confidence, trust; to iiave faith, confidence, to believe implicitly; to lean against. 'A'ole au i 'ike i ka paulele nui (Luka 7.9), I have not seen so great faith, p a u l i . Dark, as sea or skin; gloom, darkness. Ua ho'i ka pauli makani kualau (For. 5:91), the gloomy wind showers have gone. He pauli hiwa na ka ua haoa, deep gloom of the pelting rain, p a u l l a . Passive/imperative of pau. Obs. p & u l l - k u - a l i ' l , A star observed by priests in the month of Ikiiki. Lit., chief-like darkness, p a u l l n a l i n a . T o gird the waist tightly, to stretch, make taut, - p a u l l n a l i n a . ( W i t h ho'o-) ho'opaullnallna. T o waste t i m e on trivials, t o take life easy, relax. p a u l i u l l . Kedup. of pauli. p a u l o a . All, everything, t o have all. Cf. pau. Pauloa iaia ka 'ike, he has all the knowledge, p a u l u a . See wa'a paulua. p i ' i i l u ' S . T o abuse, mistreat, knock around; to beat carelessly, as poi that one does not pound until all the lumps are removed, p a u m a . P u m p ; to pump. Eng. p a u m a . 1. L a r g e curved needle, as used in sewing gunny sacks. 2. Curved, bent, as a needle. 3. Breastbone, as of a chicken. 4. T o turn, m o v e along, push; to turn into the wind, to face the wind, as a ship, bird. Pauma wawae, tread of feet. Kikaha koa'e, lele pauma ka hulu maewaewa ( P H 206), the tropic bird soars, the tousled feathers beat against the wind. 6. T o slash a canoe back and forth, so as to e m p t y it of water. Obs. p a u m a . Standing wrist wrestling: the players face each other, and each grasps the other's right thumb, and tries t o force the opponent's hand to his chest. Lit., chest touching, p a u m a ' a l e a . Intensive of ma'alea. p a u m a ' e l e . D i r t y , defiled. Ua pauma'ele ko 'oukou mau lima i ke koko (Isa. 59.3), your hands are defiled with blood, h o ' o p a u m a ' e l e . T o soil, make dirty, smear, pollute, befoul, defile.

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P a u m a k a

Paumaka. A star in the month of Ikiiki, an omen for chiefs. paumak6. Grief, mourning, lamentation. I ka paumako o ko'u na'au (Hal. 61.2), when my heart is overwhelmed. ho'opaumSkO. T o cause great grief, lamentation; to pretend grief. paumakOkO. Redup. of paumakS. P a u - m a k u a . A small bright star that appears on the night of Hilo in the month of Welo and stays all the month. Pau-makua-lanl. A star observed by priests, in the month of Kaulua and visible through the month of Ikiiki. - p a u m a n a w a . (With ho'o-) ho'opaumanawa. To waste time; not worth doing, undesirable, waste of effort, pa u m a u m a . Same as pa'i a uma. paumauno'ono'o. Keepsake, memento. Obs. Lit., all continuing thoughts, pauma wal. Water pump. p i ' u m e ' u m e . 1. Tug-of-war game; to play such a game, in land or sea. Also called hukihuki. 2. Contentious, quarreling, contending, fighting, p&'uml. Ten times, tenfold, by tens; to divide by tens. paune'lne't. Excited; to cry out, as in excitement. (AP.) paunlhlnlhl. Small, worthless taro shoots, pauiiui. Same as pauloa. Paunui na koa i ka naholo, all the soldiers fled, pauoa. A native fern (Dryopteris squamigera) to three feet or more high, the stem clothed with tan scales, the frond triangular to ovate and two or three times pinnate. p&'Q-o-Hl'l-aka. 1. A native beach vine (Jacuemonlia sandwicensis), in the morning-glory amily, with blue flowers and small rounded leaves. Lit., sarong of Hi'i-aka, so named because the goddess Pele, on returning from a long morning's Ashing trip, found that this little vine had spread itself over her baby sister, Hi'i-aka, whom she had laid on the beach, and had protected the baby from the sun. Also called kakua-o-Hi'i-aka. 2. A kind of red seaweed with wide, thin thallus. Perhaps same as limu-ha'ula. 3. Same as lepe-o-Hina, a seaweed. 4. A variety of taro: petiole and leaf have smoky look; corm white, used to make good, gray poi. 6. A variety of sweet potato. pa'O-o-Lu'ukla. See pa'u. pau 'ono. Very delicious, etc. Cf. 'ono. pa'Q-o-Pala'e. Another name for the pala'a fern. Pala'e was a servant of Pole and a companion of Hi'i-aka. pau pa'ele. Very black, dirty. See pa'ele. paupau. Same as papau. Ke ku la na ki'i 'elua i ka paupau make (For. 6:369), the two images stood there in the slaughter of all. pa'upa'u. Redup. of pa'u, 1, 2. pa'apa'Q. 1. Redup. of pa'u. ho'opa'Opa'fl. Redup. of ho'opa'u. 2. Tapa. so called because it was wet during its manufacture. Also kapa pa'upa'u.

?

paupauaho. Redup. of pauaho. ho'opaupauaho. Redup. of ho'opauaho. pa'upa'uhla. Redup. of pa'uhia. ho'opa'upa'uhla. Redup. of ho'opa'uhia. •pau plllkia. (With ho'o-) ho'opau pllikla. To attend the calls of nature. Lit., to put an end to trouble. Wahi ho'opau pilikia, toilet, outhouse. pau pono. Completely finished, terminated, pau pD. All together, including all; completely demolished, etc. Cf. pau. Pau pu kakou i ka huhu 'ia e ke kumu, every one of us was scolded by the teacher. pS'tt'O. 1. Redup. of pa'u, soaked. 2. Second stage in the growth of ulua, a fish. Cf. papio. ulua. 3. A variety of sweet potato. Pauwala. A star that appears in the night of Muku in the month of Mahoe-mua, and re-

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mains visible through the month of Mahoehope; it follows the star Ulu-loa, and was considered the latter's *'servant." pa uwea. Wire fence, pa uwea kukft. Barbed-wire fence, pa uwea maka 'aha. Chicken-wire fence. Lit., sennit-mesh wire fence, pa uwea maka 'upena. Chicken-wire fence. Lit., net-mesh wire fence. pa uwea poepoe. Smooth-wire fence. Lit., round-wire fence, pawa. 1. The darkness just before dawn. Moku ka pawa, the predawn darkness is breaking. I ka moku 'ana o ka pawa (1 Sam. 11.11), in the morning watch. 2. Smooth, fat and sleek. Obs. 3. Custom. Obs. 4. (Cap.) Name of a star (no data). p a w a . Same as oeoe, bull-roarer, pawa'a. Untamed, unruly, uncivil, bad-mannered. (AP.) pa wa'a. Canoe enclosure; touching of canoes, pa wal. 1. T o have water, to take a sip or drink. 2. Same as limu-kala-wai, pond scums, pa wal. Water trough (preceded by ke). Rare. pa waina. Vineyard. pa wale. A native dock (Rumez giganteus), a coarse vinelike plant with ovate or oblong leaves, and topped with panicles of tiny flowers, belonging to the buckwheat family. Also called uhauhako. pSwall. T o talk soothingly, softly, sweetly, sometimes to flatter or deceive. Lit., touch smoothness. pawalll. By eights, eightfold, to divide by eights, to have eight, eight times. For example see lino, 2. pawao. To see indistinctly, uncertainly. Obs. pawapatva. Redup. of pa via, 2. Obs. pawehe. Generic name for colored geometric motifs, as on makaloa mats made on Niihau, bowls, and gourds; to make such designs, pawehe-pfipfl. Tapa beater design. Lit., shell pawehe design, pawela. Overcooked, scorched, burned; a burn, pawelu. Old, worn, ragged. Fig., worthless, paweo. To turn away the face, as in order to avoid seeing someone. Maka paweo, to avert the eyes. A he aha kau hana e paweo nei, e ka makani Pu'u-lena (song), why are you turning away, O Pu'u-lena wind, ho'opaweo. To cause to turn away, snub, etc. pa will 'at. Same as papa wili 'ai. (Puk. 8.3.) pe, pG-. Thus, so, like (usually combined, as: pehea?, howl;_peia. like this: penei, this way, like this; pela, that way). Pe keia, like this, thus. p£. 1. Crushed, flattened; humble, low, modest. Na'au pe, modest heart. Kani pe, a hollow, flat sound. ho'opS. T o crush, break fine, mash; to cringe, assume a_ humble or fearful attitude. For example see kupaoa. 2. Perfumed, sweet with fragrance. Nolu pe i ke onaona (song), softly fragrant with perfume, lio'opp. T o perfume, anoint. 3. Drenched, soaked (often following pulu or nolu; sometimes drenched and perfumed [pe, 2] are combined). Pulu pe nei 'Hi i ka ua, this skin is drenched and soaked by the rain. ho'opS. T o drench, soak. 4. To bribe. Cf. kipe. ho'opS. Causative/simulative. 6. Pay; to pay. Eng. pea. 1. Also fea. Fair; to be fair. Eng. 2. Pear, avocado. Eng. 3. Also bca. Bear. Eng. pe'a. 1. A cross (X-shaped, cf. the Christian cross, ke'a) ; to cross, as the hands or arms: to cross and tie; to turn and go. Intrans. ho'ope'a. T o cross, cross and tie. Fig., to persecute. Trans. Ho'ope'a i na lima, to cross the hands (crossing the hands behind the back was insulting to others, as it was a way of wishing bad luck). No ka huahuwa i ho'ope'a aku ai lakou iaia

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p e k a u

p e ' e p e ' e - k u a . T h e game of hide-and-seek; to play the game (short for pe'epe'e-akua, hiding ghost). p e ' e p e ' e k u e . Redup. of pe'ekue. p e ' e p e ' e - m a k a w a l u . 1. Large house spider. Cf. hula pe'epe'e-makawalu. 2. Alert, p e ' e poll. T o hide in one's bosom, as a secret; secretive. p e h e . 1. Owl snare. Obs. 2. Same as mehe, like. Obs. Pehe ua la, like rain. 3. Unsteady. Obs. - p e h e . See kapehe, 2; waipehe. pehC. T o peel off; to remove the skin or bark, p e h e a . H o w ? What? H o w about it? Pehea 'oe? H o w are you? Pehea la! I don't know howl Pehea ho'i! H o w , I don't knowl W h o knows? Pehea 'oe i keia palule? W h a t do you think of this shirt? Pehea ka luhi, hana no, whatever the tiredness, just keep working. Pehea noho'i ina ma'ane'i (song), how would it be if [you looked] here. p e h e m o , b e h e m o . Behemoth. (Ioba 40.15.) pfiheu. l . Same as 'eheu, l-i,. h o ' o p £ h e u . Same as ho'eheu. 2. Soft, flabby, sagging, as f a t flesh; swelling or protuberance, as on the cheek or neck. p S h e u h e u . Redup. of peheu, 1, 2. 'Umi'umi peheuheu, sideburns, h o ' o p g h e u h e u . Redup. of ho'opeheu. p e h l . T o throw, throw at; an overhand throw, as in throwing the 'utu. Cf. kipehi, kupehi, pepehi. h o ' o p e h l . T o cause to throw or pretend to throw, p e h i a . Passive/imperative of pehi. I ka pehia mau a ka ua, in the constant pelting of the rain, p e h u . 1. Swollen, swelling; to swell; dropsy. Fig., swollen with pride or conceit; longing to eat, hungry (short for makapehu, eyes big with hunger). T y p e s of pehu, dropsy, were qualified by the terms ale-'ai, food gulping; holoku, entire; kala'e, clearing; kumu-niu, coconut tree. Ma'i pehu, dropsy. Moa'e pehu, a strong Moa'e wind. A loa'a i ke kanaka ka pehu 'ana, ma ka 'Hi o kona 'i'o, a 'o ka pehu pala paha (Oihk. 13.2), when a man shall havo in the skin of his flesh a rising, or a scab. He kuleana pehu, ka ho'oka'a pehu (For. 6:402), a business of swelling in pride, a prideful paying of debt. Ho mai he i'a na ka pehu o uka ( P H 29), give some fish f o r the big[-eyed] hungry ones ashore, h o ' o pehll. T o swell, cause to swell, brag, boast. 2. A variety of sweet potato. 3. A kind of seaweed.

( M a t . 27.18), for envy they had bound him. 2. Bat. Cf. more common 3pe'ape'a. Hanalei . . . 'aina a ka pe'a i noho ai (For. 5:55), Hanalei . . . land where the bat stayed. 3. Starfish, various species of Asteroidea. (Ed., 63-67; K L line 18.) Also called pe'ape'a, '3pe'ape'a, hSkOkai. 4. Sail, as of a canoe. 6. Forks or branches made of stalks of feathers bound at their bases with 'ie'ie roots, coming together to f o r m the ko'o (stalk) which in turn is attached to the kahili staff. 6. Boundary, edge, border, as of land. Mai kela pe'a a kiia pe'a, f r o m that border to this. E kau mai ana 'o Hala-'ani'ani ma ka pe'a o ka nalu ( L a i e 509), Hala-'ani'ani landed on the edge of the wave. 7. Menstruating; to menstruate; unclean; tattered (For. 4:225). Hale pe'a, menstrual house. Kapa pe'a (Isa. 64.6), filthy cloth. 8. Base of a leaf. Obs. p e ' a b e k e . Triangular sail set above the gaff; topsail. Cf. kia lua pe'a heke. p e ' a h i . 1. Fan; to fan, brush, signal, beckon, winnow. Ka mea i pe'ahi 'ia i ka pe'ahi (Isa. 30.24), which has been winnowed with the fan. h o ' o p e ' a h l . T o beckon or wave, pretend to wave, etc. 2. T h e open hand, bones of the hand. Kou pe'ahi 'akau, a me kou lima (Hal. 44.3), your right hand and your arm. 3. A native fern (Polypodium spectrum) about a f o o t high, the fronds broad, pointed, commonly three-lobed. 4. A dark-colored stone with grain said to suggest the fingers of a hand. Obs. p e ' a h i l i m a , T h e open hand, a hand's breadth (Ezek. 40.5); to beckon or wave with the hand, p e ' a b l u l l a . Electric fan. p e ' a h o p e . Mainsail, p e ' a l h u . Jib sail. Lit., bow sail, p e ' a k u a . A trusted relative of a chief who attends to his personal needs. Obs. Lit., back-cross, so called because such a person might go behind the back of the chief, - p e ' a k u a . ( W i t h ho'o-) h o ' o p e ' a k u a . T o cross the hands behind the back. See pe'a, I. p e ' a m i l . Mainsail. Lit., big sail, p e ' a oe, p e ' a oeoe. A long sail, p e ' a p e ' a . 1. Redup. of pe'a, 1; crossing. Fig., entangled, perplexity. 2. Hawaiian bat (Lasiurus semotus). Also 'ape'ape'a, pe'a. 3. Small pe'a, starfish. ( K L line 18.) 4. Redup. of pe'a, 8; filthy, unclean; slime. ( K L line 589-592.) S. See pe'ape'a pohaku. p e ' a p e ' a h l . Redup. of pe'ahi, t. h o ' o p e ' a p e ' a h l . Redup. of ho'ope'ahi. p e ' a p e ' a pOhaku. Heap of pebbies, as at the opening of an octopus burrow, p e a w l n i . Fair wind. Eng. pe'e. 1. T o hide; hiding. Intrans. Cf. huna, to hide, trans. E pe'e ana au iaLa'a-kea, I ' m hiding f r o m La'a-kea. h o ' o p e ' e . T o hide, pretend to hide. Intrans. 2. Coarse, thick. Obs. Cf. pe'ekue. pe'ekue. Same as pepe'ekue. Cf. honu-pe'ekue. 'O ke ka pe'ekue, o ke ka lahilahi (For. 5:89), the thick bailer, the thin bailer, p e ' e l u a . 1. Caterpillar (2 Oihn. 6.28; K L line 287); army worm ( C i r p h i s unipuncta). Also called kupa. 2. Brindled, striped: see p5poki. p e ' e l u e . Var. of pe'elua.

p e h n a . 1. Passive/imperative of pehu, 1. 2. A variety of taro. p e h u - a - k o a . T a p a colored with an infusion made of koa bark. Lit., koa swelling, p e h u e a . T o increase in volume, of the wind. He makani pehuea ia no lalo (chant), this is a rising wind f r o m the south, p e h u p a l a . Scab (Kanl. 28.27), scurvy, p e h u p e h u . Redup. of pehu, l. h o ' o p e h u p e h u . Redup. of ho'opehu-, to brag; braggadocio; swollen, billowy, as a cloud, pel. Bent. Obs. p£la. 1. Thus, like this, this way (less definite than penei). 2. T o say. Peia mai 'oia ia'u, thus he spoke to me. p e k a . Same as pekapeka. p C k a ' a . 1. Sap of the green kukui nut. formerly rubbed over the tongue with the finger as a remedy for coated tongue or sore throat; very bitter. 2. Seed of the ka'e'e vine. Obs. pekalakella, pesalaterla. Psaltery. (2 Sam.6.5.) pekale. Peccary. Eng. p e k a n a , p e g a n a . Pagan, heathen. Eng. p e k a p e k a . T o tattle, tell tales, act as stool pigeon; tattler, stool pigeon. Holo peka, to run and tattle. Kolo peka, to sneak and tattle. pCkau. T o place. Obs. He pohaku pekau, a placed stone.

p e ' e l u l u . Confusing; confusion. Obs. h o ' o p e ' e l u l u . T o create confusion; confusion; confusing. p e ' e o n e . Sand crab that buries itself in the wet sand backwards ( H i p p a pacifica). Lit., sand hiding. p e ' e p a o . One who hides in a cave; to hide in a cave; secret cave; term of contempt for vagabonds or cowards, p e ' e p e ' e . 1. Redup. of pe'e, 1. Pe'epe'e pueo, to hide like an owl, i.e., in a tree, h o ' o p e ' e p e ' e . Redup. of ho'ope'e-, camouflage. 2. Same as lipe'epe'e, a seaweed. Maui. p e ' e p e ' e - a k u a . Same as pe'epe'e-kua.

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p e k e . Dwarf, brownie, elf, goblin, midget; dwarfish, minute; short, as steps or stitches, p e k e k e u . Same as 'ekekeu. wings, p e k e k u e . Blunt, p e k e l a , b e t e l a . See nloi-pekela. p e k e l a l a , f e d e r a l a . Federal. Eng. - p e k e n a , - p e t e n a . See mo'o-pekena. p e k e p e k e . Redup. of peke. Pekepcke ka humu, the stitches are small. p C k e u . 1. Same as pëheu, 1, 2. l i o ' o p ê k e u . Same as ho'opeheu. 2. Method of trapping owls by gumming ropes on an upright stick. Obs. 3. Stirrups. Obs. p ë k e u k e u . Kedup. of pêkeu, l. p e k l . 1. Pace; to move along step by step, to tread along, trudge, along. Eng. Ku'u lio holo peki, m y pacing horse. 2. To back up, as a car. Eng. E peki mai 'oe i hope, back up. 3. Spade, as in playing cards. Eng. p ë k o i . Ra.re var. of pïkoi. p e k u . A kick: to kick. Kinipôpô peku, football, h o ' o p e k u . To bavo kicked, cause to kick, feign kicking, kick, p e k u a . Passive/imperative of peku. p e k u l a . l'icul, as used for the sale of sandalwood. Eng. p c k u n a . A kick. p e k u n l a . Petunias (Petunia hybrida), garden herbs grown for their bright, attractive, funnelshaped flowers of various colors. Eng. p e k u p e k u . Rodup. of peku. h o ' o p e k u p e k u . Redup. of ho'opeku. p e l a . 1. Same as pelapela; fertilizer, any decomposed material, especially decayed flesh and intestines removed from a corpse: the bones were buried secretly, and the flesh (pela) thrown into the sea (cf. kapa lau). 2. Spelling; to spell. Eng. Pehea e pela ai kou inoa? How is your name spelled? 3. Bale; to bale; mattress, cushion; package, as of hard poi. Eng. Pela mau'u-malo'o, bale of hay. 4. Also b e l a . Kail; to bail. Eng. 5. Pail. Eng. p ë l â ^ l . In that way, like that, thus, so, that way. Pela anei? Is that the way it is? Is that so? Pela 'eaf Is that how? So that's it! Isn't it? Pêlâ iho! Wait! Wait a minute! Pela 'i'o no, that's right, that's certainly it. Pelâ no, that's so, that's it, that's how it is. Pêlâ paha, m a y b e so, maybe, perhaps [very common], Ilele pêlâ! Get out! Go away! Begone! Pela iho a hinale'a mai ka makani, wait a bit till the winds blow fair. 2. T o say. Pelâ aku 'o Kamalama (For. 5.35), K a m a l a m a said, p e l a k a n o , p e l a t a n o . Chestnut. (Ezek. 31.8.) p e l a m i k a , p e l a m l d a . Pyramid. Eng. p e l a m o e . Mattress. p e l a p e l a . Filthy, dirty, nasty, obscene, h o ' o p e l a p e l a . T o befoul, mako dirty, filthy, p e l a - u w e a . Bedspring (later replaced by pilina). Lit., wire bale. Eng. p e l e . 1. Lava flow, volcano, eruption; volcanic (named for the volcano goddess, Pele)^ For examples see kûkaepele, lepqpele, mand. '.4 pele, lava rock of any kind. Hu ka pele, t o erupt, lava pours forth. 2. Soft, swollen, fat; pounded or kneaded soft, as poi or dough. Cf. kupele. "Opu pele, fat stomach, h o ' o p e l e . T o knead. 3. Choice Kauai tapa (For. 5:231), scented with maile and kupaoa, said t o be gray and dyed with charcoal made of burned sugar cane mixed with coconut water (preceded by ke). 4. A term qualifying ko'i (adze), similar to kupele. 5. Also b e l e . Bell. Eng. Hale pele, belfry. Pele 'aina, dinner bell, p e l e a u . Same as pele, 2. p e l e h û . 1. Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo çallopavo). Lit., swollen swelling. Also called pokeokeo. 2. Same as pele, 3. P e l e i a k e , P e l e l a d e . Pleiades. (Ioba 9.9.)

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p e l e k a . 1. Also p e r e k a . Porch, in surveying. Eng. 2. Also p e l e t a . Fitches. (Ezek. 4.9.) p e l e k a n a . Pelican. Eng. P e l e k a n l a , B e r e t a n l a . Britain; British. Eng. p e l e k e . Same as peleki. Eng. P e l e k e p u l l k a n o , P e r e s e b u r l t a n o . Presbyterian. Eng. p e l e k i . Brake; to apply brakes. Eng. E pa'a ana ka huila mua o ua kala la mehe peleki ho'opa'a la, the front wheel of the car there was stopped as t h o u g h stopped by brakes. P e l e k l a , P e r e s i a . Persia; Persian. Eng. p e l e k l k e n a , p e r e s i d e n a . President; presidential. Eng. Cf. aupuni. P e l e k i u m a , B e l e g l u m a . Belgium; Belgian. Eng, p e l e k o n a , p e r e s o n a . Person. Eng. p e l e k u n u . M u s t y or rank odor; mouldy odor. For example see paku'i, 3. p e l e l e u . 1. Extended, either longitudinally or horizontally; long, broad, wide, as a nose; spreading, extending; extension, projection. Huina peleleu, obtuse angle. Wa'a peleleu, a very large canoe type, sometimes a double canoe. Kikala peleleu, wide, spreading hips. I l Inia aku nei au i ke kau 'elepani ihu peleleu (song), I was in India riding long-trunked elephants, h o ' o p e l e l e u . To cause to spread, extend; same as above. 2. Same as lonai. Rare. P e l e l i n a , B e r e l i n a . Ilorlin. Eng. p e l e n a , b e r e n a . Crackers, bread (Kin. 18.5). Pelena hü lole, unleavened bread. Pelena ho'ike (Puk. 25.30), shewbread, bread of the Presence. Pelena mo'a 'ole, bread dough; lit., uncooked bread. 'Aha'aina pelena. Holy Communion. Lapule 'Ai Pelena, Communion Sunday, p e l e n a p a ' a . Hardtack, p e l e p u l u . Soaked, drenched, as by rain, p e l e u . Same as peleleu. p e l e ' f l . Mildewed; wet, rotting, and vile-smelling, as of clothes. Cf. pelekunu. p e l e ' u n u . Var. of pelekunu. For example see lohelohe. P e l i a l a , F e r l a r a . Friar. Eng. p e l l h e l e , p e r l l i e l e . Periphery. Eng. p e l i k a , b e r i t a . Covenant. Pahu pelika (Heb. 9.4), ark of the covenant. Pale pelika (2 Tim. 3.3), truce-breakers. Pelika o ka mana'o'i'o, creed, covenant of faith. Ka pelika ma'ema'e o ka male, the pure bonds of matrimony. Eia ka'u pelika me lakou (Isa. 59.21), here is my covenant with them, p e l i k a n a . Pelican. (Kanl. 14.17.) Eng. P e l i n a . Bering. Eng. Ke kai köwä o Pelina, Bering Straits, p e l i o , p e r i o . Counterfeit (perhaps from Spanish peso). He kälä pelio ka'u, I have counterfeit money. p e l o . To flatter, tell tall tales, lie. h o ' o p e l o . Causative/simulative, p e l o k a , p e r o k a . Perch, rod, pole. Eng. p e l o n i , f e l o n t . Felony. Eng. p e l o p e l o . Redup. of pelo. h o ' o p e l o p e l o . Causative/simulative, p e l u . 1. T o fold, turn over, turn under. Cf. pahi pelu. Pu'ao pelu, fallen womb. Alelo pelu, paralyzed tongue. Pelu ka huelo o ka 'ilio i ka maka'u, the dog folded in his tail in fear, h o ' o p e l u . T o fold, turn, etc. Trans. 2. A hem, tuck, as in a dress; t o t a k e a tuck, hem. E ho'oku'u mat i ka pelu o ka lole, let down the hem of the dress. 3. T o turn and go. Pelu mai i hope, turn around back, p e l u a . Passive/imperative of pelu, 1,2,3. Pelua ihola ka makani, the wind turned. p S l u ' e . Feeble, weak. Obs. Cf. lu'elu'e. p e l u - h ä ' e l e . A variety of taro. P e l u k l a , P e r u s i a . Prussia; Prussian. Eng.

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— p epen o — p e l u k u a . T o turn about; to turn and go back, pelulo, b e r u l o . Beryl. (Hoik. 21.20.) p e l u l u k a . Rotting, of crops ( M a l o 199, Emerson note); to soak and squeeze, as in preparing pia. Obs. p e l u p e l u . Redup. of pelu, 1, 2, 3. p e n a . 1. Package. Obs. Pena ahipele, package of matches. 2. Paint; to paint. Eng. p e n a hale. House paint; house painter; to paint a house. p e n a k l ' l . T o paint pictures; picture painter, p e n a m i k i ' a n . Fingernail polish, pene. T o reside a long time in one place. Ka'ti, Hawaii. Ua noho a ua pene i keia wahi, staying and living long in this place, penel. This way. like this. thus, as follows; to be thus (more definite than peia). Pehea ke ki'ina a ka ipo? Penei iho, penei a'e, penei no! (song), how to get a sweetheart? Thus, thus, thus.

seat" ( U L 194) and "chock on which a canoe rests" ( P H 114). p£pe. 1. Redup. of pe, Na'au pipl ( K e p . 75), modest spirit. Hanapepe (place name), crushed bay [perhaps so called because of landslides]. He pcpe 'omaka no Hilo, pa i ka pa'akai, uani'i, a crushing of the fish 'omaka f r o m Hilo, touched with salt, stiffens [of a weakling]. ho'opepC. Redup. of ho'ope. (2 Sam. 22.43.) 2. Baby. Eng. h o ' o p e p e . T o act like a baby; infantile, p e p e ' e . 1. Twisted, crooked, deformed, out of shape; deformity, lio'opepe'e. T o bend, twist, etc. ( K e p . 159.) 2. Young fern leaves, as of hapu'u. ho'i'o, and 'ama'u, that are rolled up. sometimes suggesting a question mark. 3. See pepe'e paka. p e p e ' e k u a . Var. of pepe'ekue. p e p e ' e k u e . Coarse, as lace; thick; clumsy, lumbering, as a puppy's feet, p e p e ' e p a k a . Tobacco plug, p e p e h i . 1. T o beat, strike, pound, kill. Pepehi a make, to beat to death, kill. Pepehi i ka manu'olana, to dash hopes, h o ' o p e p e h l . T o cause to beat, strike, kill; to pretend to beat. 2. Surface of a tapa beater formed by deep grooves with the wide ridges rounded off in the f o r m of an inverted U\ sometimes the beater itself was so called. Cf. hoahoa, hohoa. pepehia. Passive/imperative of pepehi, 1. (For. 5:509.)

pe neia. Same as pe keia and penei. P e n e k e k o k a , P e n e t e k o t a . Pentecost; Pentecostal. (1 K o r . 16.8.) Eng. peneklne, b e n e z l n e . Benzine. Eng. penekQ. T o reside at a place for several generations. p e n e k u l n a , p e n e g u l u a . Penguin. Eng. p e n l . Pen, poncil. Eng. Maka peni, pen point, p e n l k a l a . Pencil (sometimes preceded by ke). Lit., sharpening pen. penikenla, p e n l t e n i a . Sacrament of confession, penl k l l a . Steel pen. Eng. peno. Soaked, drenched; to soak. Cf. penopeno, pepeno. p e n o p e n o . Redup. of peno: dirty, smutty, p e n u . T o sop up. as g r a v y ; to dunk; to dab up, as tears. Cf. pepenu. h o ' o p e i l l l . T o cause to sop, dunk; to dunk, p e n u p e n u . Redup. of penu. h o ' o p e n u p e n u . Redup. of ho'openu. peo. 1. Vagina. 2. Round, globular. Obs. peopeo. Redup. of peo, 2. pepa. 1. Paper; card, playing cards; to play cards. Eng. Pa'ani pepa, to play cards. Eke pepa, paper sack. Lei pepa, paper lei. Kawele pepa, paper napkin or towel. Pu'u pepa, deck of cards. 2. Black or white pepper, produced f r o m the fruit of a climbing Oriental shrub (Piper nigrum). Eng. p e p a h a h a u . Playing cards. Lit., striking cards, p e p a h a l e . Wallpaper.

p e p e h i k a n a k a . Murder, murderer, manslaughter; to commit murder, p e p e h u . R e d u p . of pehu, 1. h o ' o p e p e h l ) . Redup. of ho'opehu; to flex the muscles or make them bulge, p e p c h u a . Passive/imperative of pepehu. p e p e h u e . Var. of pepehua. pepei. Obs. var. of paipai, to encourage, pepeiao. 1. Ear; to hear (rare). Cf. lipepeiao. Lohe pepeiao, hearsay, to have heard only. Pepeiao manana, protruding ears. Pepeiao pili, ears pressing close to the head. Pepeiao pilau, infected ear. E heluhelu ma na pepeiao o na kanaka (Puk. 24.7), read in the audience of the people. 2. Cotyledon, as of beans. 3. Stipule, as of noni, a tree. 4. Scallops in lace. 5. Lugs or blocks inside a canoe hull to which the 'iako, booms, are fastened. 6. Comb cleats for canoe thwarts or seats. 7. Chinese cake stuffed with meat, named for a resemblance to an ear. 8. Long nets 16 to 20 fathoms deep, attached at each side of the 'upena kolo, bag net. 9. V a l v e of the heart. 10. Same as pepeiao-akua. p e p e l a o - a k u a . T r e e fungus, the Jew's-ear (Auricularia polytricha). Also called akua pepeiao. p e p e i a o - ' e h a . Earache.

p e p a h a l e u . Toilet paper. Lit., cleansing paper, p e p a h o ' o k e . Kleenex or paper handkerchief. Lit., nose-blowing paper. pepa h o ' o l o l l k a ' a . A transfer authorizing change f r o m one vehicle to another. Lit., paper for changing cars, p e p a h o ' o n a n l hale. Wallpaper, p e p a k a l a k a l a . Sandpaper. Lit., rough paper, p e p a k e n e . Cayenne pepper. Eng. p e p a k l ' l . Joker, in a deck of cards. Lit., picture card. p e p a k l k o ' o . Check, for paying money. Lit., withdrawing paper, p e p a k l k o ' o kaia. M o n e y order, p e p a lahilaht. Tissue paper, thin paper, p e p a lei. Crepe paper, as used in lei making. Lit., lei paper. p e p a m d n o a n o a . Cardboard. Lit., thick paper, p e p a m l n a . Peppermint. Eng. p e p a w a h i . Wrapping paper, pepe. 1. Flat, as a nose; low, squatty. Cf. mene, 'umene, 'upepe. 2. Small, fine-meshed, as of a mat. Pepepe is more common. 3. Perhaps short for pepeiao, 6; Emerson however gives "canoe

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p e p e l a o h a o . Horn of an animal; trumpet or horn made of an animal's horn. (Hal. 118.27.) Lit., iron ear. p e p e l a o - h o h o n o . Infected ear; said derisively or farmers with reference to the smoky odor (hohono) of their fires, pepeiao k u l l . A deaf ear. deafness, disobedience, refusal to listen to advice, pepeiao p u l u ' a h a . See pulu'aha. pepele'e. Overripe breadfruit or banana kneaded with coconut cream, wrapped in ti leaves, and baked in the oven. This could be preserved for a season. Also called paipaie'e. pepela. 1. Same as pelapela, filthy. 2. Redup. of pela, to spell. Eng. pepele. Same as pele, 3, a tapa. pepelo. Same as pelopelo. to lie. p e p e l u . Redup. of pelu, 1, Z, 3\ repetitious in speech. P e p e l u a l l . February. Eng. p e p e l u ' e . Redup. of pelu'e. Obs. p e p e n a . Redup. of pena. 2, to paint. Eng. p e p e n o . Redup. of peno.

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p e p e n u

p e p e n u . Same as penupenu. 'O ka 'Bpelu e pepenu ana la (song), t h e 'Bpelu, t h e fish t h a t is dunked [in sauce]. p e p e - o - H l n a . Same as lepe-o-Hina, a seaweed, p e p e p e . R e d u p . of pepe, 1, 2. Maka pepepe, small mesh, p e p e u . R e d u p . of peu, 1, 2. p e p e u e . R e d u p . of peue. p e u . 1. T o t h r u s t up, push up, uproot, prod, bunt, root, nudge u p w a r d , elbow u p w a r d , pout, jostle with t h e feet as to a t t r a c t a t t e n t i o n ; to rise up, as grass t h a t has been t r o d u p o n ; to t h r u s t , as a male in coition, h o ' o p e u . To t h r u s t up, etc. Tram. 2. A vulgar gesture, in which t h e fist is doubled and jerked u p w a r d ; t o m a k e t h e gesture. 3. Cartilage of a pig's nose. 4. P o i n t a t canoe bow. pfi'O. Cooked t a r o leaves. ( P H 74.) Also called lu'au. p e u a . Passive/imperative of peu, 1, 2. p e u e . Dull, blunt. Fig., stupid, dull. Obs. Ka peue, pepeue, ho'owalea o loko o ka hale (For. 6:402), t h e stupid ones, t h e stupid, stupid ones, passing t h e t i m e within t h e house, p e u p e u . 1. S a m e as pepeu. 2. Same as peue. p e w a . 1. Tail of fish, shrimp, lobster. Cf. hilu. 2. Rectangular p a t c h or wedge used for mending bowls, perhaps so called because of a resemblance to a fishtail. 3. R a r e var. of pawa, 1. 4. C l u m p or group, as of trees near a forest. 'Ohi'a uliuli i ka ua i moku pewa 'ia (PH 33), 'ohi'a trees darkened by t h e rain and c u t off as a clump. p e w a p e w a . 1. Side flns of a fish; t o move or v i b r a t e these fins. 2. R e d u p . of pewa, 4- I ka pewapewa la'au mauka o Pu'u-lele (song), t h e tree clump Inland of Pu'u-lele. p i . 1. Stingy (sometimes preceded by ke). h o ' o p l . Stingy, extremely economical, frugal. 2. Sputtering, smouldering, as green wood t h a t burns poorly; to snort, as a horse; t o sniffle or have difficulty breathing d u e t o a congestion in t h e nose, as caused by a cold; t o break wind with a slight sputtering sound. PI ka 'amo, to work hard like a slave. 'O ke kane kena, pi ka 'amo, if he's your h u s b a n d , you'll know plenty of d r u d g e r y ; lit., t h e anus will give a pi sound. 3. T o sprinkle, as water with t h e Augers. 4. Peas, lentils (2 Sam. 17.28); a kind of bean near Lima bean (Dolichos lablab). Called papapa in some localities. 5. T h e letter " p . " Cf. pi apa. - p i . (With ho'o-) b o ' o p l . To follow. (AP.) p l a . 1. Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides, formerly k n o w n as T. pinnatifida), an herb k n o w n in t h e eastern tropics, formerly cultivated in Hawaii for t h e s t a r c h y tubers, which were used for medicine and food. In spring or summer, a few leaves rise on long stems f r o m a t u b e r and die back in t h e winter. T h e blades are much divided, a b o u t a foot wide, s o m e w h a t like p a p a y a leaves in shape. Cf. ma'ili, 2. ( H P 212, Neal 193.) ( P P N pia, P M P Tumbi{v]a.) 2. General n a m e for s t a r c h ; s t a r c h m a d e f r o m arrowroot is called pia-Hawai'i to distinguish f r o m other starches; pia is used in haupia pudding, as medicine, and as t a l c u m >owder. Lole pia, starched clothes. 3 . Pale yelow. Cf. hala-pia, a p a n d a n u s , and Kipia, of t h e 'ilima flower. 4. A variety of taro. ( H P 34.) 6. A variety of sweet p o t a t o . ( H P 142.) 6. A kind of stone, as used for adzes. Obs. 7. Also b l a . Beer. Eng. Bia nui, lager beer. Bia wei, weiss beer. 8. Stork, p i ' a . A kind of y a m (Dioscorea pentaphylla), a climber with lobed leaves k n o w n t h r o u g h o u t Pacific islands and in tropical Asia. I t bears small aerial and s u b t e r r a n e a n , edible tubers. ( H P 215, Neal 195). Also called pi'a-Hawai'i. p I ' S . 1. Cluster, as of bananas, grapes. Obs. 2. Measure of one h a n d ' s distance. Obs. p i a e a . Small fish, as 'Bhua manini. Obs. Ku'u piaea, t o scoop u p piaea, as with a mosquito n e t or skirt.

f

pla-Hawal'l. See pia, 2.

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p l ' a l . 1. Same as pVao, 1. Kauai. 2. Any berrylike fruit, as of mamaki, oloni, 'Bhelo. Obs. p l ' a l u . Wrinkled with age, as with sagging eyelids or jowls; a term of reproach for a m a n who has lost his sexual potency, p l a m a n l o k a . Starch m a d e of manioc, p i a n o . Piano. Eng. p l - a n u h e a . Same as pi-wai-anuhea, sweet pea. p l ' a o . 1. T o fold ti leaves i n t o a cuplike package, as for dipping water or for baking food in t h e oven; such a package, h o ' o p l ' a o . T o make such a package. 2. Curling or shriveling, as of leaves in t h e heat; crumpling up, as of meeting waves. (Isa. 25.5.) p l ' & p á . Alphabet; n a m e of a n early spelling book; this word is said to h a v e derived f r o m t h e m e t h o d of teaching Hawaiians to begin t h e a l p h a b e t "b, a, ba." T h e H a w a i i a n s pronounced "b" like "p" and said "pi 'a pa." For example see puana, 2. p i a p í a . 1. T h e encrusted white m a t t e r in t h e eyes, as f r o m sleeping or sore eyes, " s a n d " in t h e eyes; to get such m a t t e r in t h e eyes; an abusive epithet applied t o one who was unwashed, said to refer to genitals. Maka piapía, eyes with white m a t t e r , said insultingly of one who does not see what he ought to see (For. 5:219). 2. A variety of taro. 3. A variety of sweet potato. ( H P 142.) p i e . Var. of piele, 1. Obs. p l ' e l . Rare K a u a i var. of ki'ei, to peer, p í e l e . 1. M a t t e r y eruptions or eczema on t h e scalp; to h a v e such eruptions. 2. To trade, peddle; trader. 3. Pudding of grated taro, sweet potato, yam, banana, or breadfruit, baked in ti leaves with coconut cream, p l e l e e l e . R e d u p . of piele, 1, 2, 3. p l e n a . O (Tensive to smell, stinking. Obs. p l ' e n a . Fiery-tempered; to shy, of a horse. Cf. 'ena. h o ' o p l ' e n a . To cause anger; to cause t o shy; to feign anger, p l e n a e n a . R e d u p . of piena. Obs. p l ' e n a ' e n a . R e d u p . of pVena. p i e p l e . R e d u p . of pie. Obs. p l e p i e l e . 1. R e d u p . of piele, 1, 2, 3. 2. T o do small favors in order to receive greater ones; t o flatter or f a w n in order to receive something, p l e - u e u e . Vagrant eczema, a n a m e for kauwd., outcasts. p l l i a . Full, complete, filled; full-blooded: completion, capacity, fullness; pregnant. Cf. piha makahiki, pihapiha, piha pono. IIo'oka'a piha, to p a y in full. Piha maika'i, well-filled, filled j u s t right. Hawai'i piha, p u r e Hawaiian. Ho'i mai no ke kai i kona piha 'ana (Puk. 14.27), t h e sea r e t u r n e d t o its wonted flow. Ia lakou e piha ana ma Pu-'auhau (For. 5:411), while t h e y crowded a b o u t a t Pa-'auhau. h o ' o p i h a . To fill, complete, stuff, eat one's fill; to fill out. as a growing child; to breed, as of a female animal; t o fill, as a t o o t h ; to load, as a g u n ; to t h r e a d , as a needle. Ho'opiha 'ia i ka pulupulu, stuffed with cotton. Moa ho'opiha ia me ka laiki, chicken stuffed with rice. p l b & . 1. Material of a n y sort carried by flood waters or sea, flotsam and jetsam, driftwood. 2. A round herring (Spratelloides delicatulus); t h e largest is a b o u t three inches long; preferred dried and salted. 3. Poi pounder. (AP.) p i h a ' & . 1. Same as piha, 1. Koa piha'a, a fallen koa t r e e suitable for a canoe, so called even t h o u g h it was not driftwood. Hana a ka wai nui, piha'á o kai, when t h e waters are great, t h e shorelands are littered with j e t s a m [said of a person who talks foolishly]. See also mamo. If and Hal. 102.3. Hu'ea i kai na piha'a moe wai o uka, washed to t h e sea is debris of upland streams. 2. Same as piha, 2. p i h a - ' e k e l o . M y n a h bird (.Acridotheres tristis), introduced f r o m India in 1865. Lit., full or 'ekelo sound.

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pthaku'l. Brimful, jammed full, packed tight, crowded. plha lima. Handful. Na piha lima o ka pale (Ezek. 13.19), the handfuls of barley, plha makahlkl. Yearly anniversary: to have an annual anniversary. La piha makahiki, birthday, anniversary day. 'Aha'aina piha makahiki, feast to celebrate an anniversary, plbana. Fullness, Alling up, completion. Pihana kanaka, a crowd or gathering of people. Pihanakalani (place name), gathering place [of] high supernatural beings, pihano. Silent, weak-voiced. Nona ka hale i Kau-mai-lani, no Kaku'e no ka leo pihano (chant for Kua-kini), his is the house at Kaumai-lani, for Käka'o, the weak-voiced, pihapiha. 1. Full, complete; ailed; full and flowing, as a garment; filed, as cards; completed, as a questionnaire, ho'opihapiha. To fill, complete; to file, as cards; frame, questionnaire, any kind of form to be completed. Ke ho'opihapiha maila ke kino o ke keiki, the body of the child is filling out. Aia 'o mea ma'o, ke ho'opihapiha maila, so-and-so is over there, stirring up hard feelings with tales. (Cf. ho'opihapiha 'ölelo.) 2. Gills of a fish. Kuku ka pihapiha a pi'i ka lena, the gills stand out and the bile rises [of anger], 3. Ruffle, fringe, as on a dress. (Nah. 15.38.) Lima pihapiha, ruffled sleeve, ho'opihapiha. T o make a ruffle; ruffler, as on a sewing machine. 4. Var. of '5pihapiha. pihapiha 'ä'I. Ruff. plhaplha-'ö-koholä. Pleated ruffle. Lit., whaler's ruffle, so called because such ruffles were stylish in whaling days, -pihapiha 'ölelo. (With ho'o-) ho'opihapiha 'ölelo. T o stir up dislike for another, to turn against another, as by telling talus or gossip, plha pono. Completely full, complete. Piha pono ka manawa, to mature [of bonds], Piha pono ka mana'o, completely clear and intelligible idea, ho'oplha pono. To complete, make completely full, clear, intelligible, piha pQ. Completely filled, plha puna. Spoonful. piha'Q. Jam-packed, packed tight, full. Ho'okekV a piha'ü na alanui, the streets were jammed and packed. pihaweuweu. 1. Temporary bed made of dry 'ilima branches, dried banana leaves and grasses, over which a mat or two were spread. 2. Full of grass, but thin, said of a grass-eating animal that does not put on flesh. Obs. plhäweuweu. A fish (no data), plhe. Din of voices, crying, shouting, wailing, lamentation; to mourn, shout, etc. Kani ka pihe, a shout is heard, plhea. Passive/imperative of pihe. Ka wawä pihea a na manu (chant), the loud din of the birds. plheka. Inflamed, of eyes. Cf. heka. Mäkole, makole a kähi, hele i kai o Plheka (chant), soreeyed, sore-eyed as no one else, go to the sealand of Inflamed-eye [Kama-pua'a taunts the goddoss Pele]. plhekaheka. Redup. of plheka. plhelehele. Grated, mashed, pulverized; to grate. plhl. 1. Scab, scar. 2. Button, badge; to button (preceded by ke). Cf. huka pihi, pihi pülima, Pihi maka'i, police badge. Pihi 'ümi'i, snap fastener. 3. Blunt, dull, as a wooden digging stick. Obs. 4. Fish. Eng. Ua loa'a mai ka pihi nui (song), got the big fish, plhlplhl. 1. Redup. of pihi, 1; scarred. 2. Redup. of pihi, 2; any small objects shaped like buttons, as washers (preceded by ke). 3 . T o skip stones on the surface of the water; stone skipping. 4. Redup. of pihi, 3. Obs. plhl pQIIma. Cuff button, plhö. Swamp, mire; swampy.

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pihoa. Dizzy. (AP.) plhfiho. Same as pihdpihd. pl-hohono. Same as 'auko'i, a plant, plhoi. Same as pihoihoi. plholhol. Disturbed, excited, worried, astonished. (Dan. 5.6.) Ka pihoihoi o ka na'au (Kanl. 28.28), astonishment of heart, ho'optholhol. T o cause anxiety; to worry, excite, astonish, plhole. T o fidget, as a child; to paw, as a drunk; to squirm, flirtatiously sidle up to a man. plholo. T o sink, founder, drown, he swamped. Intrans. ho'oplholo. T o sink, drown. Trans. plholoholo. 1. Redup. of piholo. 2. Watery, as poi. Obs. plhopa, blhopa. Bishop; Episcopalian. Eng. Ho'omana Plhopa, Episcopalian religion. pihdpihO. Redup. of piho\ to bob up and down or swamp, as a canoe, plhulu. Hairy, fuzzy. 'Eki pihulu, ace of spades, pi'i. 1. T o go inland (whether or not uphill), to go up, climb, ascend, mount, rise; to fall, as one snadow on another. Pi'i kuahiwi, mountain climber; to climb mountains. Pi'i ke kai, the sea rises [the temper flares], Malo'o ka wai, pi'i ka lepo, the water dries up, tho dirt comes up [reasoning and understanding are gone, only invective is left]. Ihu pi'i, elevated nose; contemptuous. ho'opi'l. T o cause to rise, mount, come up, etc. For example see limalima, Jf. 2. T o experience personally, or appear, as heat, cold, emotion. Hanau ka pi'i 'awa awa, he 'awa'awa kona ( K L line 520), are born those of bitter disposition, theirs is bitterness. No kona huhu, pi'i ka 'olelo 'ino, because of his anger, evil words come forth. Ke pi'i nei ka mana'o, the idea como= now. Pi'i ka makemake, the desire comes. Pi'i ke a?iu, to get chills. Pi'i ka wela, to get a fever; to feet the heat of anger. Pi'i ka 'dhune-wela. to get prickly heat. Pi'i ka 'ula, to blush, ho'opi'l. Same as ho'opi'ipi'i. 3. Same as pi'ipi'i, 3, curly. 4. Same as pipi'i, expensive. 5. Intercourse; to practice intercourse; to mount, as of male animals, ho'opi'l. To cause to mount, as of male animals; to breed, impregnate. 6. Triangular piece inserted in a holoku skirt to add width, or inserted at the base of t he legs of bell-bottom trousers. -pi'i. (With ho'o-) ho'opi'l. To sue, bring suit, accuse in court; lawsuit, court case. Cf. palapala ho'opi'i. Ho'opi'i 'aina, to have a suit over land matters. Po'e {mea) ho'opi'i, plaintiff. Po'e (mea) ho'opi'i 'ia, defendant, accused party. Ho'opi'i poho, suit for damages, pi'ia. Passive/imperative of pi'i, 1. Ke ahua i pi'ia e ke keiki, the mound climbed by the child, pl'i-all'i. A native variety of taro, one of the oldest varieties grown in Hawaii; formerly known as one of the royal taros and desirable as an offering to the gods; today, an important wet-land poi taro. Leaves and corm are tinged with pink. ( H P 28, Whitney.) This name may be qualified by the colors 'elc'ele, ke'oke'o, 'ula'ula. pi'i ali'i. T o claim chiefly blood, whether or not it exists, ho'opi'l ali'i. Causative/simulative, pl'l-h&l&wai. A variety of taro. (HP. 34.) pi'i kea. To become light, as the day; to begin to gray, of hair, pi'ikol. T o claim honors not rightfully due, to seek preferment, to aspire to the best or to more than is one's due; to claim to be of higher rank than one is. Mai pi'ikoi i ka 'ama'ama, don't strive for the 'ama'ama [this fish was very choice; the meaning is: be satisfied with what you have, why aim for the moon], pl'lkd. 1. T o climb a steep slope; to climb, as a coconut palm by grasping the trunk with the hands and walking up with the feet; a steep climb. 2. A medicine made of the sap of young kukui nuts, used as a gargle for sore throat ana thrush; if swallowed it causes nausea and loose-

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ness of the bowels. 3. Transpiration, water drops on leaves of plants. Obs. Cr. wai hua. p i ' i l a e . H a u g h t y , proud. Lit., forehead rising. Obs. p l ' i n a . Climb, ascent, rise, etc. Cf. pi'i. 1. h o ' o p i ' i n a . (a) Same as above, (b) Quilting in a direction a w a y f r o m the quiltor. Also called ho'opi'ipi'i. p l ' I p S w a l u . Octave. Lit., eightfold ascent, p l ' l p i ' l . 1. Kedup. of pi'i, l \ bubbling forth, as water ( K a n l . 8.7); t o o v e r f l o w , as charged water. Wai pi'ipi'i, charged water or liquid. Pi'ipi'i akula na 'ale ( H a l . 107.25), lifting the waves up [of a wind), h o ' o p i ' i p l ' i . (a) Redup. otho'opi'f, to sail or tack against the wind; to regurgitate. La'au ho'opi'ipi'i, emetic, medicine t o cause vomiting, (b) Same as ho'opi'ina, b. 2. R e d u p . of pi'i, 2. Cf. pi'ipi'i kai, pi'ipi'i 'olelo. h o ' o p i ' i p i ' i . T o stir up ill feelings, to rouse anger; jealousy. 3. Curly, curled, w a v y . Pi'ipi'i lau nui, w a v y , of hair. Pi'ipi'i Pukiki, kinky, of hair. 4. Same as pipi'i, expensive. 5. R e d u p . of pi'i, 5. 6. Same as manienie-'ula, a grass, p i ' i p i ' i a l i ' i . Redup. of pi'i ali'i. p i ' i p i ' i k a i . T o rise, of a strong sea. Fig., t o flare, as anger. p l ' i p l ' 1 - I a u - m a n a m a n a . Same as 'anali'i, a fern. p i ' i p i ' i 'Olelo. W o r d s of anger, emotion, controversy. h o ' o p i ' i p i ' i 'Olelo. T o cause controversy, words of anger, etc. p i k a . 1. Short for pika'o, 2. Obs. 2. Pitcher (Eng.), vase. 3. Beet (Beta vulgaris). Eng. 4. Picul; half. Eng. p i k a i . T o sprinkle with sea water or salted fresh water t o purify or r e m o v e taboo. Pi kai kea, to sprinkle with white sea, i.e., f r o m the waves, and not with salted fresh water, p l k a t k a i . Redup. of pi kai. p i kai ' O l e n a . T o sprinkle with sea water or salt water, with a bit of 'olena root, to purify or r e m o v e taboo, p l k a k a . 1. Smooth, polished. Obs. 2. Same as pika'o, 1. ( U L 96.) Obs. p l k a k a . Var. of pakaka. p l k a k a n i . A rattlebox (Crotalaria mucronata), known in many tropical countries, a small, weedy, shrubby legume with three-parted leaves, yellow flowers striped with red, and many-seeded pods to t w o inches long. ( N e a l 390.) p i k a k a ' o . Redup. of pika'o, 1. ( U L 96.) Obs. p l k a k e . 1. T h e Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac), introduced f r o m India, a shrub or climber, with rounded, dark-green leaves and small, white, v e r y fragrant flowers used f o r leis. Since Princess Ka'iu-lani was fond of both these flowers and her peacocks (pikake), the same name was given the flowers. ( N e a l 599.) 2. P e a f o w l (Pavo cristatus Linnaeus), said to h a v e been introduced to H a w a i i about 1860; they are wild on Niihau. Eng. p l k a k e - h i h i . A creeping plkake. p l k a k e - h o h o n o . A low shrubby plant (Clerodendrum fragrans var. plenifiorum), f r o m China, a weed with broad, d o w n y leaves and white or pink, scented, double flowers. ( N e a l 644.) Lit., bad smelling. Hawaii. Also called pxkake-wauke. p l k a k e - h o k o . T h e star jasmine (Jasminum pubescens), a shrubby, somewhat d o w n y vine, f r o m India. L e a v e s are o v a t e or cordate; flowers white, inch-wide, starlike, with four to nine lobes. p l k a k e - I a h i l a h i . T h e single-flowered f o r m of plkake. p l k a k e - m e l e m e l e . T h e yellow jasmine (Jasminum humile), a shrub f r o m tropical Asia. I t has compound leaves and yellow, inch-wide flowers. ( N e a l 600.) p l k a k e - p u p u p u . T h e double-flowered f o r m of plkake.

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p l k a k e - w a u k e . Same as plkuke-hohono. Oahu. p l k a l a . Pickle. Eng. p l k a l e . Sticky, as water on a poi board a f t e r poi has been pounded on it; the watery residue, p l k a l e k a l e . R e d u p . of plkale. p l k a n a l S . Var. of plkanana. p l k a n a n a . Quick-tempered, snappish, cross; raging, storming, p l k a n e l e . Small, v e r y little. Obs. p l k a n i n l . Small (slang, f r o m pickaninny). p i k a ' o . 1. D e h y d r a t e d food, as y a m cooked, grated, dried, packed in banana fiber, used on long sea v o y a g e s ; dried up, juiceless, parched (applied jestingly t o old nags). (For. 6:386.) C f . poka'o. 2. Canoe hold under both the foreward cover and after cover. Obs. Piha noho'i ka wa'a mai ka pika'o mua a ka pika'o hope, the canoe was filled f r o m within the bow to within the stern. p l k a p i k a . 1. Suction cups on octopus tentacles. 2. A kind of l a v a rock with points said t o resemble the suction cups of an octopus. 3. Variegated, spotted; of varying colors, as the ocean. p i k a p u a . F l o w e r container, vase. Lit., flower pitcher. p l k a w a i . T o pick up, as a rooster picks up food. Obs. p i k a w a i . W a t e r pitcher, p l k e k a k i a , p l s e t a k l a . Pistachio. Eng. p l k e l a . N a m e of a skin eruption, p l k e l e . Pitcher. Eng. Obs. p l k e l e . Same as plkanele. Obs. h o ' o p l k e l e . T o dole out in small quantities, p l k e l e k e l e . R e d u p . of pikele. Obs. p l k i . 1. Shrunk, shortened, irregular. Lei piki, lei made of feathers of uneven length that protrude unevenly, as of mamo feathers, h o ' o p l k l . T o shorten, shrink; t o make, as a lei piki. 2. T h e peach ( P r u n u s persica). possibly a native of China, introduced to Hawaii but not common. (Noal 346.) 3. Beet. Eng. P i k i . 1. F i j i ; Fijian. Eng. 2. P.G., Provisional Government. Eng. p l k l k i . Redup. of piki, 1. Obs. p i k i m a n a . Bituminous; coal. Lanahu pikimana, bituminous coal, p i l d n e k l . Business. Eng. 'A'ohe ou pikineki malaila, you have no business there, p l k l n l k i . Picnic. Eng. p i k l p l k i . 1. T o pinch or squeeze, as in milking, Cf. ' u p i k i p i k i . 2. Same as pikipiki'o. p l k i p i k i ' O . Rough, stormy, choppy, as the sea. Fig., agitated in spirit. p l k o . 1. N a v e l , navel string, umbilical cord. Fig., blood relative, genitals. Cf. piko pau Hole, wai'olu. Mo ka piko, moku ka pxko, tne navel cord is cut [friendship between related persons is broken], Pehea ko piko? H o w is your navel? [a facetious greeting avoided by many because of the double meaning.] 2. Summit of a hill or mountain; crown of the head; crown of the hat made on a f r a m e (papale pahu) \ tip of the ear; end of a rope; border of a land; center of a konane board; place where a stem is attached t o the leaf, as of taro. 3. Short f o r alopiko. I ka piko no 'oe, lihaliha (song), at the belly portion itself, so v e r y choice and fat. 4. A common taro with many varieties, all with the leaf blade indented at the base up t o the piko, junction of blade and s t e m . J H P 29.) 5. Design in plaiting the hat called papale 'ie. 6. B o t t o m round of a carrying net, kDko. 7. Small wauke. rootlets f r o m an old plant. 8. T h a t c h a b o v e a door. 'Oki i ka piko, to cut this thatch; fig., t o dedicate a house, p l k o - ' e l e ' e l e . A n a t i v e variety of taro, with dark-purple petioles; common poi and table taro; the leaves are good for lu'au. Also called hele-mauna. p i k o h o l o . Slipknot. Lit., loop rope-end.

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plkoi. 1. Core, as of breadfruit or pandanus. Also 'ikoi. 2. A tripping club, as or wood or stone, with a rope attached; this was hurled at the foe to encircle his arms or legs and render him helpless. (For. 5:55.) Also 'ikoi. 3. Wooden floats attached to upper or head cord of gill nets. Cf. 'alihi ptkoi. Ka i'a p'ikoi 'o Kalia, he kanaka ka plkoi, he kanaka ka pohaku, Kalia is a fishing net with human floaters, human sinkers, p l k o i k o i . 1. Var. of pxkokoi. 2. Onanism; to practice onanism. Fig., to work hard with little produce. plkoi lua. A type of dagger, perhaps used by lua fighters. p l k o k a . Rare var. of plkake, peacock. (1 Nal. 10.22.)

p l k o - k e a . A native variety of taro widely lanted; an important poi taro, especially on •ahu, distinguished by whitish piko and by leaf stems light-green with pinkish base. Also piko-ke'oke'o. p l k o k o l . T o swarm, as small fish coming to the surface with open mouths. p l k o - I e h u a - ' a p l ' I . A native variety of taro, with leaves dark-green and crinkled below; the corms with lilac-purple flesh, yielding the popular lehua red pot; the leaves good for lu'au. Lit.. curly red piko taro. p l k o n l . Cord attaching floats to a Ashing net. p l k o - o - H a l e - a - k a i a . T y p e of braid used in the papale 'ie.

S

p l k o - o - w a k e a . 1. Equator. 2. Name of a lua fighting hold, p i k o pau Mole. Rat-taken navel cord, i.e.. a chronic thief. It was believed that one became a chronic thief if his navel cord was stolen by a rat. Rats were famous for thieving, p l k o p i k o . Same as pikapika, 1, 3. p l k o - u a u a . A native variety of taro, one of the hardiest piko taros and perhaps the only kind common in upland culture: yields good grade light-colored poi: distinguished by dark-green leaf stems wit n a pinkish base, p l k o - ' u l a ' u l a . A native variety of taro, distinguished from piko lehua-'api'i by having leaves smooth below; corms yield red poi of good grade, p l k o - u l l u l l . Same as haehae, 3, a taro. p l k u , ftkll. Fig (Ficus carica). (Neal 265.) p l k u m e n a . Same as pikimana, bituminous; coal. Ltia pikumcna (Kin. 14.10), slime pit. p i l a . 1. Any musical instrument, formerly the fiddle. Eng. Iio'okani pila, to play music. 2. Also bila. A bill; to make out a bill. Eng. 3. Also lira. Fir. La'au fira (Mele 1.17), fir. 4. T o build, in a card game. Eng.

pila (bila) 'ai'€. Voucher.

p i l a ( b i l a ) h a ' a w l n a . Appropriation, allotment bill. p i l a h a p a . Autoharp. Lit., fiddle harp. Eng. pUahl. Thin, frail, delicate, p l l a h i l a h l . Redup. of pllahi. p l l a h o . Short for 'upi laho. pila ( b i l a ) hO'al'S. Promissory note. Lit., bill to extend credit, p i l a k l k o ' o . Check, draft, bill, pila k l k o ' o h a l e leka. Money order. Lit., postofflce draft. p i l a k l k o ' o h o ' o h u l h u l ' l a . Blanket warrant, p i l a k o i . Requisition, p l l a l a h i . Redup. of pllahi. p l l a l l . 1. Gum, as of the kukui tree; resin, birdlime; wax; honey in a banana blossom; gummy, sticky. Pilali kukui kau la'au (song), kukui gum on the trees. Pilali palolo, wax. Pipili ka pilali i ke kumu kukui, the gum sticks to the kukui tree [a person who stays close]. 2. White and black feathers under the tail of the 'o'5, a bird; used for kahili, feather standards. 3. A seaweed.

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p l l a l i l a l l . Sticky, gummy, slimy, greasy, p l l a l l m a i ' a . Honey In a banana blossom, fed to small children, p l l a l l - m e a - ' a l a . Camphor. Lit., fragrant gum. p l l a l l ' o h e . Thin, delicate, rickety. Obs. p l l a p & ' u m e ' u m e . Var. of pila'ume'ume. p l l a p l l a u . Somewhat bad smelling, not quite spoiled, h o ' o p l l a p l l a u . T o allow to spoil, as fish or meat. Cf. ho'omelu. I'a ho'opilapilau, slightly tainted fish eaten raw with salt and kukui relish, p l l a p u h l p u h i . Harmonica, mouth organ. Lit., blowing fiddle, p i l a u . Rot, stench, rottenness; to stink; putrid, spoiled, rotten, decomposed. Cf. pilo, popopo. Ku ka pilau, the stencn rises. Maka pilau, rotten eyes, one with rotten eyes, a ghost. Make pilau, complete defeat in a game, h o ' o p l l a u . T o cause a stench, p i l a ' u m e ' u m e . Accordion. Lit., tugging fiddle, p l l a w a l w a l . Account, reckoning, as of an estate, p l l e k a l e k a . Gummy, sticky, gluey, mouldy; mould. p i l l . 1. T o cling, stick, adhere, touch, join, adjoin, cleave to, associate with, be with, be close to; clinging, sticking; close relationship, relative; thing belonging to. Cf. 'auipili, pili wale. Iioa pili, intimate friend. Ko'u pili (Laie 483), my partner [in a kilu game]. Kolone pili, column at close intervals [military]. E pili kaua, let's be together. Hehi i ka pili, to abolish relationship. Maka pili, squinting eyes that seem almost closed. Pili hukihuki, clashes between close associates, a bickering relationship. He pili wehena 'ole, an uuseverable relationship. Pili i ka heua, to be found guilty. Pili ke kua me ke alo, the back and front meet [said of a thin person], Ke kukui ka pili ia o ka uhu, the kukui is the thing pertaining to the parrot fish, h o ' o plll. T o bring together, stick; to attach oneself to a person; united, as friends; to mimic, imitate; to claim a relationship; to put together, as parts of a puzzle. Cf. ho'opili wale. Ke 'ano a me ka ho'opili 'ia 'ana o na helu, the nature aud application of numbers. Ua ho'opili 'ia ma ka perita ma'ema'e o ka male, united in the pure bonds of matrimony. 2. A grass (Heteropogon contortus) known in many warm regions, formerly used for thatching houses in Hawaii; sometimes added to the hula altar to Laka, for knowledge to pili or cling (preceded by ke). (Neal 72.) Hale pili, house thatched with pili grass. Lei kdkd 'ula i ke pili (song) 1 red network lei [rainbow] on the pih grass. Hu wale aku no ka waiwai i ke pili (Kep. 119), the wealth overflowed on the pili grass [of great quantities]. 3. T o refer, concern, relate, pertain, apply, h o ' o p i l i . Causative/simulative. 4. Shingles, so called because they replace the pili grass of the old houses (preceded by ke). 5. A wager, bet; to bet. See piliwaiwai. 6. Border; edge of time units, especially of late night. Pili aumoe, the late night. Ka pili o ka wana'ao (Laie 469), at the approach of dawn. Ka pili o ke ahiahi (Laie 457), at the end of the evening, nightfall. 7. Uncolored sheets in a ku'ina, sleeping tapa. 8. Lining of a quilt under the layer of cotton or wool. 9. First stage of poi-pounding, with taro beginning to stick. 10. A narrow or precarious ass. Obs. 11. Same as 'ume, the game, so called ecause the waud touched (pili) the players. E(Malo 215.) Obs. 12. Same as 'opili, numb.

( U L 61.) pilla. Passive/imperative of pili, 1, 3. Pilia i ke 'ala, clinging to the fragrance. p l l l a ' a l k O . Var. of pili'aiku. Obs. p l l l ' a l k a . Cramped, stiff, numb. Obs. plll'&lna. Shore; interisland. Hui Moku Holo Pili'tiina, Interisland Steam Navigation Company. p i l l a l o . Bosom friend, beloved wife. Cf. pilikua. p i l i a l o h a . Close friendship, beloved companionship, beloved relative; loving association; to

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p i l i

have a loving or tender relationship, to be in a bond of love, pill a m o ' o . To cling like a lizard, as on a cliff, pill ' a n a a n d . Present participle, pill ' a n a wa h a l a . Past participle, pill ' a n o . To resemble in character or nature, p l l i ' a o ' a o . Mate, common-law mate with whom one lives openly, pill h a l e . House shingle (preceded by ke). p l l l h a o . Corrugated iron, as used for roofing (preceded by ke). Lit., iron shingles, pill h i h i a . To become involved in gambling, usually disastrously; in the old days, to bet one s life or wife; to be involved in an entangling affair of any sort, p i l i h u a . Sad, sorrowful, dejected, astonished, confused (Ier. 14.9), bewitched (Oih. 8.9). h o ' o p l l l h u a . To cause sorrow, astonishment, etc. I ho'opilihua ai 'oia ia lakou i ke kilokilo 'ana (Oih. 8.11), he had bewitched them with sorceries. p i l i - k a h a k a i . Shore, especially the area between high and low tides; near the shore, p l i i - k a l . 1. A vine (Slictocardia campanulata) in the morning-glory family, native from India eastward, possibly into Polynesia, long known in Hawaii, as on roadsides and rocky shores. Flowers are funnel-shaped, rose-purple, about two inches in diameter, the leaves heart-shaped. (Neal G19.) 2. The wood rose (Ipomoea tuberosa)t another kind of morning-glory, with orange flowers ami five- to seven-lobed leaves, grown ornamentally in Hawaii for its dry, brown, roseshaped fruit. (Neal G21.) pill k a 111 ail. Relationship by friendship rather than by blood or adoption. Lit., added-on relative. p i l i k a n a . Relation, relationship, kin. pilikla. Trouble of any kind, great or small; tragedy, nuisance, bother, distross, accident, difficulty, inconvenience. lack: in trouble; troubled, bothered, cramped, crowded (2 Nal. 6.1). Cf. -pau pilikia. h o ' o p l l l k i a . To cause trouble, bother, inconvenience; to lead into difliculty, get into trouble, plllkilio. Porsonal, private. Kakau 'olelo pilikino, private secretary. Paniinoa pilikino, personal pronoun. p i l i - k o ' a . 1. A hawk fish (Cirrhitops cinctus), eight inches or less in length and light-pink in color. Lit., coral clinging. Also Gymnocirrhites arcatus and Paracirrhites forsteri. 2. A native variety of sugar cane named for the fish; stems yellow-green, with pale brown-red stripes when young, changing to bronze-yellow with darker brown-red stripes. 3. A stiff kind of pakalakala, lapidescens). a seaweed (Galaxaura pili k o k o . Blood relationship, blood relative; related by blood, p l l l k u a . 1. A giant; a large strapping fellow; country person, one living in the country. 2. Beloved husband. Cf. pilialo. 3 . To cling to the back. 4 . To fight in single combat. Obs. pill l a ' a u . 1. Wooden house shingle. 2. Edge of a forest. pilil&'ele. Dark green pandanus leaves with white bases, above the la'ele, old leaves, pill l a u i a . Of wide application, of broad or general interest, pili Ioko. A close relative, closely related; concerning local places, pili l u a . A close companionship of two; to associate, of two; related in two ways. P i l i - l u a . Name of a pair of stars, said to bring 'Bpelu fish. p l l l - m a l . 1. A native variety of sugar cane, a yellow-green mutant of 'aki-lolo; used in hana aloha, love sorcery, with the prayer for love to cling and hold fast. 2 . A variety of taro. 3. A variety of sweet potato.

a

m o ' o

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p l l i - m a l ' u ' u . A hold in lua fighting. Lit., clinging to fingernail, p l l i m e a ' a l . Same as ho'opilimea'ai. ho'opilirnea'al. (a) To attach oneself for personal gain, as to a chief (often said disparagingly); to fawn; to support, especially one in the wrong. He kaikamahine mana'opa'a no, 'a'ole e ho'otilimea'ai (Laie 591), a resolute girl, not fawnng. Ob) Perjury; to commit perjury. He hewa ho opilimea'ai, perjury, p l l l - m o e . Name of one of the tapas in the game of puhenehene. p l l l m u a . Article, the part of speech: ke, ka, he, na. Pilimua maopopo, definite article. Pilimua maopopo 'ole, indefinite article, pill m u a . Elder relative; preferred friend or companion; former associate, p i l l n a . 1. Association, relationship, union, meeting, joining, adhering, fitting. Cf. pili, 1. He pilina wehena 'ole, an unyeverablo relationship. Ua 'ewa ka pilina a ka nihoniho, the toothed edges do not fit perfectly (said of anything that is unsuitable or in poor taste], 2. Springs, as of a mattress, watch, car. Eng. He mana'o ko'u i ke kani ko'ele; ua haki ka pilina a 'o luna iho (song), my thought is of the snapping affair; the upper springs [of the automobile] were broken, p i l l n a m o e . Bedsprings. pilloki, blliokl. Billiards. Eng. pill'Olelo. Grammar. Lit., concerning language, p l l l o n a , b l l i o n a . Billion. Eng. pIllpA. Alongside a fence; hedge (Luk. 14.23). For example see kupuku. pili p a ' a . Sticking firmly together, associating constantly, living in harmony; to fit closely, pilipill. 1. Redup. of pili. 1; any sticky matter. He mea 'ai 'ia kahi pilipili maunu kapae 'ia, the bit of bait set to one side i.s edible still [one who has been the mate of another can still be a good mate), ho'oplllpili. Redup. of ho'opili; to court, woo (For. 4:21 r>): to associate in close friendship; to claim relationship, especially if unwarranted. 'Olelo ho'opilipili, figurative language, simile. 2. Same as pipili. an herb, pilipili '.Una. Close to land. 'A'ohe pilipili 'aina mai, not anywhere near land [far off], -pilipili a l l ' i . (With ho'o-) ho'opilipili a l l ' ! . To claim relationship to a chief, as or one only remotely related, or of one desirous of favors, pilipili h e ' e . 1. Thin ends of octopus tentacles, as braided together when dried. 2. Octopus liver ('ala'ala) molded about a fishhook for bait, p l l i p i l l - k o ' a . Same as pili-ko'a, 3. pilipili 'Olelo. (With ho'o-) h o ' o p i l i p i l i 'Olelo. Word play, punning; to illustrate a point with parables, stories, anecdotes. p U i p l l l - ' u l a . Same as manienie-'ula, a grass, pilipili ' u l a . A close blood relationship to one of high rank; this was said by persons entering the hale nauwa, desirous of asserting their royal blood. (Malo 199, Emerson note.) Lit., red relationship. P l l l p l n o , F i l i p i n o . Philippines; Filipino. Eng. pill-pOhaku. A fish (no data), pill p o n o . Weil-suited, well-matched; closefitting, as clothes; to refer exactly or concisely. Mana'o pili pono, literal meaning. A ua ptli pono na dlelo e like me ka mea hiki, and as concise in language as possible, pill DO. To unite, join, cling to; hard-pressed, as in danger; relationship. Pili pu ka hanu, hardly able to breathe; to hold the breath, as in astonishment or fear. Pili pu i ka paia, backed up against the wall, hard-pressed. Ua pili pU ko'u mau iwi me ko'u 'i'o (Hal. 102.5), my bones cleave to my flesh. Pili pu ka pilina, the springs are broken; lit., packed down, p l l l p u k a . 1. The period between midnight and dawn. Lit., near appearance [of the sun], 2.

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pioloolo

One of the t a p a covers in the puhenehene game, which were named for different parts of t h e night. p l l l - u k a . A stiff, tufted, native grass ( T r i s e t u m glomeratum), one to three feet high, with leaves four to ten inches long and flowers crowded in narrow spikes; a good forage grass, growing only a t rather high altitudes. On Hawaii this is apparently called he'u-pueo. p l l l w a l w a i . Gambling, betting, gambler; to bet, gamble. Lit., t o wager wealth, p i l l w a l e . T o cling, etc., for no reason or cause; often used in unfavorable sense of living oft other people, h o ' o p l l l w a l e . Causative/simulative. Nohona ho'opili wale, living as a dependent. p l l l w l . T o believe. Eng. 'A'ole i piliwi 'to (song), [it] was not believed, p l l o . 1. Swampy, foul odor, as of a swamp: halitosis; polluted, h o ' o p l l o . T o cause a bad odor. 2 . Some species of native shrubs, in t h e coffee family ( H c d y o t i s [Kadua]). theleaves bad-smelling when crushed. See also koi (Coprosma kauensis). 3 . All Hawaiian species of Coprosma, a genus of shrubs and small trees belonging to t h e coffee family, with narrow to rounded l e a v e s , tiny greenish flowers, and yellow, red, or black berries. 4 . Same as maiapilo, another plant. 5 . Any kind, a n y whatsoever (used with 'a'ohe). 'A'ohe pilo uku, a n y pay a t all is all right. I lei paha no kakou, 'a'ohe pilo lei, let's wear leis, a n y kind of leis. ' A ' o h e pilo 'S'5 (Ivep. 159), a n y kind of digging stick, p i l o - k e a . A small native tree or shrub (Pltiiydesma campanulatum), in the orange family; leaves large, thick, oblong, more or less pointed; flowers few, cream-colored; fruits small, dry, four-lobed. p l l o - k e a - l a u - 1 1 ' 1 . A native shrub ( P l a t y d e s m a rostratum), with long, narrow leaves, clustered, axillary flowers, and beaked, four-lobed fruits, p l l o l i . W e a k , small. Obs. p l l o p l l o . Redup. of pilo, 1. Wai puna pilopilo (Sol. 25.20), polluted water, p l l u . T o shake, quiver, vibrate. Obs. p l l u p l l u . 1. Redup. of pilu. Obs. 2 . Overdressed, richly and elaborately overdressed, perhaps in a ridiculous way. Obs.

plmeneko, pimeneto. Pimento. Eng. p l n a . Obs. var. of pine.

-plna'au. See Holoholo-plna'au.

p l n a ' i . 1 . Again and again, repeatedly; to come or do repeatedly; to wear out a welcome by repeated visits; close together, crowded. Cr. lele plna'i. 'O ka plna'i iho no, e plna'i ai, j u s t repeating, repeating a visit and wearing out one's welcome. Mai plna'i i ke aloali'i, don't s t a y constantly in the presence of t h e chief. Ku plna'i na kauhale, the houses Btand close together. Plna'i k&na 'ai 'ana, he e a t s all t h e time. 2 . T o patch, fill up a crack or hole, as in wood. p l n a n a . T o climb; a climb. For example see 'oe, I. Pinana ka ihu, to elevate t h e nose, as in scorn, h o ' o p l n a n a . T o elevate, cause to climb. p l n a n a C a . S a m e as plnauea, 1, 2. Obs.

plnana'l. Var. of pinapina'i.

p i n a n a ' l e a . T o turn aside, as t h e head, or as t h e bow of a ship when struck by a large wave. Obs. p i n a o . 1 . Dragonfly. ( K L line 290.) Cf. lelepinao. 2 . Flying gurnard, a fish (Dactylopterus orientalis). Also called loloa'u. 3 . Blurred, as eyes of a drunkard. Similar to ponalo, i. p l n a o n a o . Redup. of pinao, 3. p i n a o - ' u l a . A v a r i e t y of dragonfly. Lit., red pinao. p i n a p i n a ' i . Redup. of plna'i. Kani pinapina'i o na pu kuni ahi, successive booms of the cannons. p l n a u . 1 . T o recoil, snap, as a rope. Obs. 2 . See lele-pinau.

p l n a u e a . 1 . W e a k ; of dim vision, as of an aged gerson. 2 . Short and skimpy, as a skirt or pa'U. p i n e . Pin, compass needle, peg, bolt, picket; to pin. Eng. Kui pine, common pin. p l n C . Falsehood, lie; liar; to lie. Obs. p i n e h o a k a . S a m e as pine niho pua'a. Obs. Lit., crescent pin.

pine kalapa. Safety pin. Lit., diaper pin. pine kaula'l. Clothespin. Lit., hanging pin. p l n e k l . P e a n u t . Eng.

plnCne. Vagina. Obs.

'Aila

pineki,

peanut oil.

pine nlho pua'a. Hog's tooth pin. Formerly also called pine hoaka.

Lit.,

pig tooth pin.

pine 'Omou. Stickpin, brooch,

p i n e p a . F e n c e picket. p i n e p i n e . F r e q u e n t ; often, many times, quently.

fre-

pine umauma. Breast pin, brooch,

p l n l k a . Vinegar; an intoxicating drink made of fermented molasses and water. Eng.

plno. Var. of pilo, 1, 2. plnopino. Var. of pilopilo.

p i o . 1. Captive, prisoner; conquered, captured, made prisoner; game of tag; to play tag. h o ' o l o . T o conquer, m a k e prisoner, capture. 2 . xtinguislied or out, as a fire or light; disappeared, as a ship a t sea; to have gone out of sight, h o ' o p l o . T o put out, extinguish, as a light or fire. 3 . T o peep, chirp; to whistle with fingers on the mouth; to pipe on any flute-like instrument. Cf. 'opio, young. Kani ka pio hone i ke kula (song), a sweet whistle sounds on t h e plains. 4 . A measure of three feet, especially of cloth. p l ' o . 1 . Arch, a r c ; bent, arched, curved; to arch, of a rainbow. Intrans. Kapi'o-lani (name), the heavenly arch. Ka pi'o mau o ke dnuenue i luna o ia u-ahi (For. 4 : 1 8 9 ) , the constant arching of t h e rainbow above this place, h o ' o p l ' o . T o arch, bend, curve, crook. Trans. (Probably P P N piko, P M P bingkuk.) 2 . Short for moepi'o. Cf. also ni'aupi'o. 3 . Same as kapi'o. p l ' o & ' e a . Tactless. Ka'u, Hawaii. p l ' o e . General name for barnacles. ( K L line 24.) p l o e a . S a m e as plnauea, 1. p l o e o e . Long and sharp, as a pin; long and thin. He wahine ploeoe, wiwl, IB'ihi, a thin woman, bony. tall. p l ' o e ' o e . S a m e as pl'oe. Pipili mau 'ia e ka pl'oe'oe, always clung to by barnacles [one constantly pursued by those of t h e opposite sex), p l ' o h l ' a . S a m e as kanawao, 1, small trees, p l ' o l . 1 . K a u a i name for hoi, t h e bitter y a m (Dioscorea bulbifera). 2 . Hawaii name for edible fruit of t h e lama (Diospyros spp.) or perhaps kukui. p l o i o l . Half-shut, as eyes; to look with halfclosed eyes. p l ' o l e p o . Column of dust, cloud of dust. Lit., dirt arch. p l o l o . T o rub back and forth, saw; to pucker and unpucker the lips. Fig., to go over and over in the mind, to mull over. Cf. olo. p l ' o l o . Short for pi'oloke. p i ' o l o k e . Alarmed, startled, confused and excited, agitated, harassed; in noisy consternation; confusion, alarm (sometimes preceded by ke). Pi'oloke ka leo o ka palila, frightened is t h e voice of t h e palila [bird]. Ua pi'oloke loa ko'u 'uhane (Hal. 6.3), my soul is sore vexed, h o ' o p l ' o l o k e . T o cause confusion, consternation, vexation. E ho'opi'oloke au i ka na'au o na kanaka (Ezek. 32.9), I will vex the hearts of t h e people. p l ' o I o k Q . Intensifler of pi'olo. p i o l o o l o . 1 . Redup. of piolo. Rare. 2 . S a m e as 'apu, medicinal concoction; to feed such a concoction. Obs.

g

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p I ' o ' o

p l ' 0 ' 0 . 1. Same as pi'oloke. For example see ke'ele. h o ' o p l ' 6 ' 6 . Same as ho'opi'oloke. He meahou ho'opi'o'd, disturbing news. 2. Same as pioloolo, 2. Obs. p l o p i o . 1. R e d u p . of pio, 1, 2, 3. Piopio moa, chicken a t a b o u t t h e f r y e r stage; little chick (for example see 'inana). 2. Same as pdpi'opi'o. p i ' o p i ' o . R e d u p . of pi'o, 1. h o ' o p l ' o p i ' o . R e d u p . of ho'opi'o; a f o r m of sorcery in which t h e practitioner touched a p a r t of his own body, t h e r e b y causing injury to his victim's body in the same place, as a chest pain or headache. If the intended victim saw t h e gestures, he might i m i t a t e t h e m and thereby send t h e black magic back to t h e original practitioner. Both practices were ho'opi'opi'o. plp&. 1. Alongside, as of a road, sidewalk, or river; t o go along t h e side_, t u r n t o t h e side, dodge; sidewalk. Ma ka pipa kahau'ai, along t h e stream. Ma na pipa alanui, along t h e roadside. 2. Ka'e'e bean and medicine m a d e f r o m it. 3. Precipice, cliff. (AP.) 4. (Cap.) N a m e of a star (no d a t a ) . p l p a p l p a . Redup. of pipa, 1. p l p l . 1. Hawaiian pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata); in songs this is known as t h e i'a hamau leo o 'Ewa, ' E w a ' s silent sea creature, as it was believed t h a t talking would cause a breeze to ripple t h e wator and frighten t h e pipi. 2. Feelers of an insect, as of an a n t . 3. Same as moa, 3 (Psilotum). 4. A kind of t a p a . 5. Body depression; eyeball. Obs. 6. Lower part of an adze. (Malo 51J Obs. 7. Also b l p l . Ileef, cattle. Eng. See pipi kane, pipi wahine. 'I'o pipi, beef meat. p i p i . Redup. of pi, 2; squinting; twinkling, as stars. Fig., barely surviving. Pipi_ ka ihu, t h e nose sniffles and is stopped up. Ina i kanu mau a mahi mau ke kauwahi 'aina, ulu pipi wale no ia lau kanu, if certain lands are continually planted and farmed, t h e plants grow feebly. Pipi ka wahie, ho'onui ka pulupulu, if wood smoulders, add more tinder, h o ' o p i p i . Causative/simulative; to smoke, as ham. Kinai i ka 'uiviki e ho'opipi ana ( M a t . 12.20), quench a smouldering wick, p i p i . 1. R e d u p . of pi, 1, stingy. 2. R e d u p . of pi, 3: to urinate (Eng.). A ina e pipi 'ia ke koko ona ma ke kapa komo (Oihk. 6.27), if there is sprinkled of t h e blood thereof upon t h e garment. Pipi holo ka'ao, sprinkled, the tale runs [a phrase used at t h e end of tales], h o ' o p i p i . To cause to sprinkle, urinate. 3. F e m a l e 'o'o, a bird. p i p i ' i . Same as pi'ipi'i, 1-5; t h e commonest meaning is "expensive, high-priced." Wai pipi'i, bubbling water, charged water, h o ' o p l p i ' l . Same as ho'opi'ipi'i\ t o set a high price. Wai ho'opipi'i, charged water, p i p i k a . T o d r a w away, shrink away, as a squid tentacle on a fire; to crinkle up, c o n t r a c t ; t o t u r n aside so as not to meet, avoid. Pipika a'ela ia ma ka pa pohaku (Natl. 22.25), he drew u p against t h e wall, p l p l k a n e . Bull. Lit., male beef, p i p i k a u l a . Beef salted and dried in t h e sun, broiled before eaten. Lit., rope beef, p i p i k a u w G . Ox. Lit., dragging beef, p i p i k e l k i . Calf. Lit., child beef, p i p i k i . Shrunk, crinkled; tight, c r a m p e d . Cf. piki, 1, pipika, 'upiki. h o ' o p l p i k i . T o cause to shrink, clamp. Trans. p i p i k d ' a l a . Broiled beef, steak, p i p i k o l o . Yearling cow or bull, p i p i k u . Stew beef, beef stew, p i p i l a h o . Bull. p l p l l a n l . Some kinds of green seaweeds (species or Enteromorpha). Maui. Also called 'ele'ele. p l p i l i . 1. Same as pilipili. Lepo pipili, sticky earth. Pipili me na hoa lapuwale, associating with worthless companions, h o ' o p i p i l i . Same as ho'opilipili; to paste, glue, stick. Mea ho'opipili, paste. 2. A d r y m a r i a (Drymaria cordata),

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a slender, weedy herb, with rounded leaves, tiny flowers, and tiny one-seeded dry fruits with sticky stems, which catch on passersby. I t is a tropical shade-dwelling p l a n t . (Neal 297.) Also called pilipili. 3. Same as 'ihi-kukae-hipa, kUkae-hipa, a weed, p l p l l i k l a . Redup. of pilikia. p l p i l o . R e d u p . of pilo, 1. p l p l l o k e ( r o k e i . Roast beef. Eng. p i p l n a . Var. of pipine. p i p l n e . Promiscuous; promiscuous person, p i p i n e . Miserly, stingy. Lit., stingy often, p l p l n o k e . To rain continuously; t o jibber j a b ber, talk and argue continuously. Lit., c o n s t a n t sprinkling. Obs. p i p i o . R e d u p . of pio, 1-3. p i p l ' o . R e d u p . of pi'o, 1. He kanaka kua pipi'o, a stoop-shouldered or h u n c h b a c k e d person, p i p l ' o l e p o . Redup. of pi'olepo. p i p i F a k e . Water buffalo, carabao. Lit., Chinese beef. p i p i p a l a i . Beefsteak. Lit., fried beef, p i p i p i . 1. General name for small mollusks, including Nerita picea and Nerita neglecta. (Ed. 160, K L line 32.) Lei pipipi, lei of pipipi shell, a new t y p e of lei; formerly t h e lei kupe'e was sometimes called lei pipipi because of a superficial resemblance, but actually it was not a pipipi shell. 2. Small a n d close together, as stars or pipipi shells; small, squinting, as eyes, h o ' o p i p i p i . To p u t close together; to squint. Kanu ho'opipipi i na 'ano'ano, plant t h e seeds close together. 3. See hale pipipi. p i p l p l - ' & k O l e a , p i p i p l - k o l e a . Same as 'akdlea, 2.

p i p i p i - ' a k O l e a - i h l l o a . A mollusk (Planazis labiosus). Lit., long-necked gourd 'akdlea shell, so called because of its shape. p l p i p l ' 1 . R e d u p . of jri'i, 1-5. 'O Pi'i-lani, 'O Fi'i-kea, 'o Lono-a-Pi'i, pipipi'i i ka 'ako'ako na li'i nui (chant for Kua-kini), Pi'i-lani, Pi'ikea, Lono-a-Pi'i, t h e great chiefs climbing to t h e crest [noto fondness for repetition!, p i p i p l - k o l e a . Periwinkle (Littorina pintado, Littorina scabra). (Ed. 155.) Lit., kolea-bird shell, perhaps so called because of its color. Also piipu-kolea. p l p l p l - k d l e a - l h l l o a . Periwinkle (Planazis labiosus). (Ed. 153.) p l p l p o ' a . Steer. Lit., c a s t r a t e d beef, p l p l p u l u . Bull. Lit., bull beef. Eng. p l p l w a h i n e . Cow. Lit., female beef, p l p l - w a i . AH species of a genus of sedges (Eleocharis). (Neal 80.) Also kohekohe. p l p l w a i . To percolate, ooze, of water; to sprinkle water, p l p l w a l O . Milk cow. p l u k e , b l u t e . Beauty. Eng. p l u l a . 1. Mule. 2. A card game: t h e player m u s t follow suit in discards, and if he cannot, he draws f r o m a pack; t h e object is to play ail of one's cards, and tho player left with a card a t t h e end is t h e piula. Also called kekake. 3. Tired, exhausted, worn-out. Slatig. 4. Pewter, tin (Nah. 31.22), corrugated iron as used for roofing; a n y metal suggesting pewter. Eng. Wai piula, water f r o m a faucet, p l u l a w a i . Faucet. Lit., water metal, p l w a . 1. Also f i w a . Fever. Eng. Pi'i ka piwa, t o have a t e m p e r a t u r e or fever. 2. Also b l w a . Beaver. Eng. Pdpale piua, beaver hat. p l w a - ' e l e ' e l e . Black plague, p l w a - h a ' l h a ' i - i w i . Breakbone fever, p l w a h a k a . Beaver h a t . Eng. p l w a - h o ' o n & w a l i w a l i . T y p h o i d fever. Lit., weakening fever, p l - w a l . 1. A variety of wild duck. 2. A t y p e of hard rock used for adzes. (For. 5:319.) Obs.

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— pi wal. T o sprinkle water. See 'aha'aina pi wai. pl-wal-anuliea. Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus). Also pi-anuhea. (Neal 398.) Lit., cool, fragrant pea. plwa-lenalena. Yellow fever. Ua loa'a i ka piwa-lenalena, gotten the yellow fever [lazy; a pun on lena meaning "yellow" and "lazy"l. plwa-'ula'ula. Scarlet fever. pO. 1. Night, darkness, obscurity; the realm of the gods; pertaining to or of the gods, chaos, or hell; dark, obscure, benighted; formerly the eriod of 24 hours beginning with nightfall (the [awaiian " d a y " began at nightfall). Fig., ignorance; ignorant. Cf. Halali'i, Po'akahi, Po'alua. HB'ike a ka pB, revelation from the gods [as in dreams or omens]. Inoa po, name sug;ested for a child in a dream. Mai_ka po mai, rom the gods; of divine origin. Kane o ka po, dream husband; his nightly visits were sometimes followed by sickness or death. Po nui ho'olakolako, the great night that supplies [the gods revealed their will in revelations and dreams at night]. Po pouli 'a'aki, a night so dark it bites with the teeth._ Po i ka la'au, darkened by the tree. Ua po, it's late [not necessarily night, but usually said if one Is in da_nger of_not being home by dark], Ua hana maua a po ka la, we worked until night; lit., until the day darkened. Ua hana maua a ao ka pB, wo worked until daylight; lit., until the night lighted. Kela po a ao a'e i nehinei, night before lastWii., that night until dawned yesterday. Ka po nei. last night. 'O ke kumu o ka pB i po ai ( K L line 8). the source of the night that, was dark. Ua hiamoc akula kona po (For. 5:59), he spent the night sleeping. Kou pd, ua moe 'ia, 'o ko'u nei la, 'a'ole (song), you slept during the night, but not I. Iho i ka pd, a i ke koltt o ka po, ola hou mai, descended into hell, the third day rose again from the dead. He aha ka puana a ka pd? What declares the night [any revelation from the gods? what is to happen in the future?]? O 'akahi ka pB, 'o 'alua ka pB . . . lele wale ka po (For. 5; 15), one night spirit, two night spirits . . . the night spirits fly off. ho'opO. T o behave in an ignorant manner, perhaps purposely; to keep out of sight, to stay in the dark; Ignorant. ( P P N po, P M P bengi.) 2. Thick, dense, of flowers or heady fragrance; to issue

g

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Ma'ema'e Llhau po i ka lehua (song), fi >erfume. ovely Llhau dense with lehua. Niniu Puna pd ke 'ala, Puna is overwhelming with perfume.

E pd puni ana ke 'ala o ka ha la, the fragrance of pandanus spreads everywhere and is overpowering. pO-. State of, time of. Cf. po'ele'ele, pB'ino, pBmaika'i, pBpilikia, pouli. po'a. 1. Castrated, emasculated; eunuch. Cf. pipi po'a. Ka luna o ka po'e i po'a 'ia (Dan. 1.3), the chief eunuch. 2. A sudden sound, as of flapping wings of a rooster, or of the thumping sound of tne palms of the hands pressed together with Angers locked, or of hands striking the surface of the water; to make such sounds. 3. T o dig under, undermine, p o ' a ' a h a . 1. Redup. of po'aha, 1. 2. The same as wauke, but the leaves commonly smaller, entire, and rounded. The leaves of wauke are commonly lobed. po'a'ala. T o thump, as a drum with the base of the hand. Obs. poa'e. Same as poahi, 1, 2. Obs. po'ae. Company, party. ( A P . ) pOa'ea'e. Kedup. of poa'e. pO'ae'ae. Armpit. p d ' a h a . 1. Circle, as of flowers; ring, as of tapa about a sore that prevents friction; a round support for a calabash made of pandanus or tl leaves wrapped into a ring and bound with a cord. Po'ai 'ia ka pB'aha a puni i ka pdhaku, the circle was completely encircled by stones. 2. General name for trailing plants. P f l ' a h S . Thursday; Congregational church meetings held weekly on Thursdays. Lit., fourth day.

poe — pO'aha m&Iamalama. Halo. Lit., light circle, poahl. 1. Dim, obscure. 2. T o revolve, spin, go around; to rotate, of hips in a hula. Rare. pOahiahi. Redup. of poahi, 1, 2. polohiwa a Kane, passed to the dark clouds of Kane [death]. p o l o h u a . S a m e as 'olohua, berries of popolo. Obs. p o l o h u k u . 1. Large, plump, swelling, bulging; rich, prosperous, 2. Boat hook. Eng. p o l o k a . 1. Frog, toad. Eng. 2. Also b o r o k a . Broker. Eng. 3. Also b o r o t a . Broth. Eng. poloka. Ripe pandanus fruit, p o l o k a k e . Slippery; w o b b l y ; saturation. Ka polokake wai ua o Ko'olau, the saturation of rain water at Ko'olau. p o l o k a ( p o r o k a ) k u e a . Square pole, in surveying. polok&wa'e. 1. Fish spear. Obs. 2. Pining, wasting sickness. Obs. poloke. Broken; broke, without funds (slang). Eng.

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p o n i h o

polokfi. Fresh poi. Obs. pOloke. Var. of paloke, wobbly. (For. 5:331.) poloklka, polotlka. Political: politics. Eng. pololel. 1. Straight, upright; correct, right, accurate, all right; eyes, front [military command], E pololei ana ke kua, the back wili be straightened. ho'opololei. To straighten, correct; to aim, as a gun; to bo partial and treat with favoritism. Kula ho'opololei keiki kane, boys' reform school. 2. A land shell (Lamellaxis), frequently followed poetically by the epithet kani kua mauna, singing in the mountain ridges. 'O ka maiau pololei kani le'ale'a ( P H 204), the land-shell neatness singing gaily. 3. Fresh poi. Kauai. 4. An adder's-tongue fern (Ophioglossum concinnum), a small native fern with single narrow-oblong blade, which supports one narrow spore-bearing spike about an inch long. pGloll. Hunger; hungry. Make pSloli, starved to death. ho'opSloll. To deprive of food, starve, cause hunger; to fast, pololla. Jellyfish. pololo. Talkative; to talk without tact. pOlolo. Same as kauna'oa-pehu, one of the dodders (Cassytha filiformis). pololoa. Blundering, awkward; to go astray. Obs. pololohua. Same as pololo. Cf. mikolotohua. pOlolohuamea. Dark, dense, distant. Obs. pololoi. Var. of pololei, 1. pololQ. Long spear, polona. Same as polopolona. polope'a. Thick stem of a pandanus fruit, polopeka. Professor; professorial; to be a professor. Eng. polopolo* Same as popolo, the plant, polopolona. Musty odor; rancid, mouldy odor, as of mildewed clothes; stuffy smell of a room long closed, polopolofla. Unripe, growing pandanus fruit. Polo-'tlla. Same as Polo-ahi-lani, a star, polo wal. Water polo. Polo-wehl-lanl. Same as Polo-ahi-lani. a star, polu. Obs. var. of 'upolu, wet. polQ. Blue, as of clothes or Euro-American objects and not of sea or sky. Eng. Cf. uliuli. polllil. Var. spelling of poluwa. pOlua. l . Dark, stormy. Ku'u hoa pili o ka ua lani polua, my constant companion in the rains from the deep dark heavens. 2. Disturbances produced by conflicting currents, as of air, water, tides, winds, poluea. Nausea, dizziness, seasickness; hangover; seasick, dizzy. 'O Ka'ala, kuahiwi mauna kehau . . . poluea ihola i lalo o Hale-'au'au ( P H 100), Ka'ala, hill mountainous and dewcovered, dizzy [to gaze] below at Hale-'au'au. poluht. Dull, sleepy. Also maluhi. pOluhl. Long spear. Obs. pOlubiluhl. Redup. of poluhi. Also maluhiluhi. P&luku. T o pound, as poi (Kep. 163); to destroy, slaughter, overthrow, pound to pieces. Rare. Cf. paluku. pOlukuIuku. Redup. of poluku. poluluhl. 1. Redup. of poluhi. Ho'omamalu e, malu ka lani. poluluhl kaumaha ka honua (chant), casting gloom, gloomy is the sky, the earth is heavy with drowsiness. 2. Cloudy, misty, shady. Obs. pOlumlluinl. Packed, crushed together, as in a crowd. pOlumu. General name for trailing plants. Obs. pOIunu. Chubby, plump, and short. Rare. polupolu. Flabby fat. poluw&. Nausea, retching. Cf. poluea. poma. Apple.

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pOmalka'l. Good fortune, blessedness, blessing, prosperity; prosperous, fortunate, blessed, lucky. Lit., good time. Cf. pS'ino. ho'opSmalka'l. To cause good fortune; to bless, ask grace; blessing. pOmano. Dam. Obs. pO mano. Many nights; very dark. pO manomano. Redup. of pB mano. pomelkalaua. The pomegranate (Punica granatum), an ornamental and fruit-bearing shrub from Persia. Eng. Also pomelaike, pomekelane, pomeraite. p o m e k e l a n e , p o m e g e r a n e . Pomegranate. (Kani. 8.8.) See pomeikalana. pomelaike, pomeraite. Pomegranate. Eng. See pomeikalana. Kihapai pomeraite (Mel. 4.3), orchard of pomegranates, pona. 1. Socket; eyeball, eye socket; joint of sugar-cane stalk, bamboo; hollow, as left after a sweet potato vine has been dug. Cf. puna. 2. Spotted, as the sea with various shades, Cf. kipona. 3. Also bona. Bond. Eng. pOna'ana'a. Confused, bewildered. ho'opOna'ana'a. To confuse, bowilder. pOnaha. Same as pd'aha, 1. Cf. pBnaha lani. 'O ka ponaha iho a ke ao, ka pipi'o malie maluna ( U L 169), circling of clouds, arching calmly on high. Ponaha ke one, the sand is circular; fig., bloated, as the stomach. pOnahalSua. Circular. (AP.) pOnaha lani. Firmament. (Kep. S3.) For example see kaka'i. pOnahanaha. Redup. of pdnaha. pOnaha wal. Small, circular water pool. pOnaho. Dark, gloomy. pOnahonaho. Redup. of ponaho. pOnalo. 1. Plant louse, gnat, small ily, such as Drosophila; blight; shriveled, as by blight; swarming, as with gnats. For example see uluulu, 1. lio'opOnalo. T o cause blight. 2. Dim, blurred, obscure. Obs. Also pinao. pOnalonalo. Redup. of ponalo, 1, t; swarming with gnats. ponana. 1. Dry, arid. Obs. 2. Lame, stiff, sore, as legs. Obs. p&nanonano. Var. of pdnalonalo. ponapona. Redup. of pona, I, 2; jointed, ponawa'a. Circle of canoes. Obs. pone. Pony. Eng. pA nel. Last night. pOneko. Dirty, filthy. ho'oponeko. T o soil. besmirch. pOnekoneko. Redup. of poneko. poni. 1. To anoint, consecrate, oil, crown, ordain, inaugurate; to daub; ointment. Ha'i'dlelo poni a ke kia'aina, governor's inaugural address. Ipu 'alapaka poni (Luka 7.37),_ alabaster box of ointment. 'Oia ka la poni mo'i, i poni 'ia ai na ali'i, that was the coronation day on which the monarchs were crowned, lio'oponl. T o anoint, crown, ordain, consecrate, inaugurate. 2. Purple; any purple-like color. He poni uliuli a he poni 'ula'ula ko lakou lole (Ier. 10.9), darkpurple and reddish-purple were their clothes. (Perhaps P P N pongi, P M P bengi.) 3. Suddenly, without warning, as of death. Cf. ka'iliponi. leleponi. 4. A variety of taro, used as medicine. The term poni may be qualified by the colors 'ele'ele or uliuli, kea, 'ula'ula. 5. Same as mai'a'oa, a banana. 6. A variety of sweet potato. ( H P 142.) 7. A variety of yam. ( H P 169.) ponla. Passive/imperative of poni, 1. ponlaka. Poniard. Eng. pOnlho. T o bare, as the teeth; to expose, as the sea floor; to bristle, as sea urchins; thorny, as cactus. Obs. Poniho 'ino ka lae o Pipa, ahuwale ka 'ina uli, ka 'ina 'ele'ele, Pipa point is bristling with sea urchin [or is greatly exposed], plainly seen is the dark sea urchin, the black sea urchin.

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poni

p o o l m d ' I . Coronation; to crown a king or queen. p o n l - m 6 ' I . T h e introduced carnation or pink (Dianthus caryophy litis), a plant widely cultivated for its a t t r a c t i v e and spicy-fragrant flowers, one of the commonest flowers used for leis. T h e Hawaiian name resulted from confusing the English name with " c o r o n a t i o n . " (Neal 297.) p o n i - m O ' i - l i ' l l i ' i . T h e sweet William {Dianthus barbatus), a relative of t h e carnation, grown in gardens for its abundance of small, brightcolored flowers. (Neal 297.) p o i i i n i u . Redup. of pdniu. See puka poniniu. p o n i p o n l . Redup. of poni, 2. Kakahiaka poniponi, purple morning [before dawn]. p o n i u . 1 . Dizzy, giddy; dizziness; to rotate, whirl, spin, revolve. Intrans. ho'opdniu. To revolve, spin. Trans. 2 . Same as lolo, coconut sponge. 3 . T h e balloon vine or heartseed (Cardiospermum halicacabum), a slender, herbaceous, tropical vine, with finely subdivided leaves, small white flowers, and inch-wide balloon-like fruiting capsules, each with throe seeds (black with a white heart-shaped scar). Hawaii ans formerly used the whole plant as a magic remedy for dizziness, wearing it as a lei and eating a little, before throwing it away into the ocean. (Neal 407.) Also hale-a-kai'a, 'inalua, pdhuchueuka. p f t n i u n l u . Redup. of poniu. Maka pòniuniu pdloli, eyes giddy with hunger. p o n o . 1. Goodness, uprightness, morality, moral qualities, correct or proper procedure, excellence, well-being, prosperity, welfare, true condition or nature, duty; moral, fitting, proper, right, j u s t , fair, boneficial, successful, in perfect order; eased, relieved; should, ought, must; necessary. Ka pono kahiko, the old morality or moral system. lJono i ke kanawai, legal, legality. Pono 'ole ka mana'o, disturbed, worried. Me ka pono, respectfully [complimentary close in letters]. Na mea e maopopo ai kona pono, proofs in his own favor, his defense. Kokua no ka pono o ka lehvIthu, lielp_ for the public welfare. Ka no'ono'o e pono ai keia hana, the study necessary for this work. Loa'a ka pono i ka lanui mamuli o ke ahonui o ka 'elele, tho people w ere benefited by the patience of the delegate. E pono ia 'oe ke fiele, you should go. Pono 'o 'oe ke he le, you should be the one to go. Pono i ke keiki e fiele, the child ought to go. Ke ui mai nei 'oe, 'a'ohe a'u pono, when you turn to me, I have no rights. E 'eha no a e pono, no ka pinana no i ke kumula'au, serves you right to be hurt, since you climbed the tree. Aia ka pono, 'o ka pat aku, what is necessary is to reach shore. llO'Op o n o . Righteous, correct; to correct; to behave correctly. 2 . Completely, properly, rightly, well, exactly, carefully, satisfactorily, much (an intensifier following major words). Pau pono, completely finished. Piha pono, completely filled ; complete, as a thought ; clear. Nana pono, look or examine carefully. A'o pono 'ia, welltaught. Ua loa'a pono 'oLaua ma e 'aihue ana, Lawa and others were caught in the a c t of stealing. I luna pono o ka pu'u (For. 5:61), a t the very top of the hill. 3 . Property, gear, possessions, necessities, livelihood. Cf. pono hale, pono hana. 4 . Use, purpose. Na 'apana 'dina aupuni no ka pono home nofio wale no, government land parcels for the purpose of dwelling homes only. 5 . Hope. Ua pau ka pono a ke kauka, the doctor has lost hope. 6 . Careless, informal, improper, any kind of (preceding a stem). Pono 'ai, to eat in any way or anything, take potluck. Pono hana, to work any way t h a t suits one. Pono no i ka noho, living any old way, shiftless. Pono lole± any kind of clothes. Mai pono hana 'oe, aka e hana pono, don't work carelessly, but work carefully, p o n o h a l e . Furniture, household goods,

pono hana. Tools,

p o n o h u k u . Var. of polohuku, 1, 2.

p o n o ' i . Self, own; directly, exactly. 'O pono'i, I . myself. Kona pono't, his own.

wau Ha-

m ò ' i

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wai'i pono'I, Hawaii's own [own people]. No'u pono'i keia, this is my own. I mua pono'i, directly in front. 'I'o povo'i, own flesh and blood. Kona mana'o pono'i, his personal opinion. Na hana loio nona pono'i iho, attorney's private practice,

ponokarapa, ponogarapa. Phonograph. Eng. pono kaultke. Equal rights, pono klwila. Civil rights.

p o n o k o p e . Copyright; to copyright; to copy in any way, not necessarily properly. p G n o l u . Carelessly, unceremoniously. Obs. p o n o p o n o . 1 . Neat, in order, arranged, tidy, administered, cared for, attended to. h o f c o p o n o p o n o . (a) T o put to rights, correct, revise, regulate, rectify, tidy, make orderly or neat, administer, superintend, supervise, edit, work carefully and neatly. Ho'oponopono hou, to revise, reorganize. Kana ho'oponopono 'ana i ka 'aina (Laie 495), his apportioning of the land Jon becoming chief]. Mea ho'oponopono, superintendent, manager. Luna ho'oponopono, editor, administrator. Ho'oponopono waiwai, administrator or executor of an e s t a t e : to administer an estate. Hale ho'oponopono, administration building. Ka ho'oponopono 'ana, regulation. Kanawai ho'oponopono 'ia, revised law. Ho'oponopono 'ole, careless, thoughtless, uninhibited, blunt, slovenly, untidy, (b) Mental cleansing: t h e old Hawaiian method of clearing the inind of a sick person by family discussion, examination, and prayer. 2 . Redup. of pono, 1. 3 . Comfortably well off, wealthy. Ponopono ka nohona, comfortably well-to-do.

pono 'uhane. Spiritual welfare, p d n u h u n u h u . Var. of

panuhunuhu.

p A n u l t l . 1 . Bulky, loose, as a bundlo. Obs. 2» Rising and floating off, as smoke, clouds. 06s. 3 . Short, stumpy. Obs. p o n u l u l u . Redup. of ponulu, 1, 2, 3. Obs. p O n u l u n u l u . Redup. of ponulu, 1, 2, S. Obs.

p o n u n u n u . Var. of ponululu.

p o ' o . 1. Head, summit, head or director of an organization; end, as of a rope, pole, cane, long piece of rope, konane board, penis; headline, heading, title; hair in such expressions as po'o hina, po'o kea (preceded by ke), Ke po'o o na moku, the head of the islands [Hawaii]. Na po'o 'oihana, executive departments. 'A'ohv mea nana e pa'i i ke po'o, no one can slap his head [he has no superior, especially in knowledge]. Moe po'o a hi'u, to lie from head to tail [in trouble], h o ' o p o ' o . T o appoint a head or leader. 2 . A whole note (music). Cf. po'o'ele, po'olima, po'omana, po'omanakolu, po'omanalua. 3 . Depression, c a v i t y ; to dip, scoop, hollow out, dub, erode, dig; to splash, as water by scooping t h e base of the palm; to m a k e a squeaky sound by placing one hand against the armpit of the opposite arm, and pressing t h a t arm against t h e hand; to make a noise by snapping t h e lips with the fingers. Cf. kapo'o, napo'o. h o ' o p o ' o . T o dig, dub out. p o ' o ' e l e . Quarter note (music). Lit., black full note. p o ' o h a l a . T o carry on t h e virtues, arts, and skills of the family. Lit., passing on the head, p o ' o h i n a . Gray-haired; ash-colored ( P H 3 4 ) . p o ' o h i w l . 1 . Shoulder. Ua lawa pono na po'ohiwi, shoulders are well supplied [of a strong person]. 2 . Wing of t h e body ( m a n u ) of a kite, p o ' o h o ' o l e w a . A very taboo chief whose shadow might not fall on himself or on any other person; he was carried about a t night. Lit., carried head, p o ' o h o u . Symbol of a paragraph. Lit., new heading. p o ' o h Q . 1 . Wound, swelling, as on the head. Po'ohu ka lae, his forehead is bruised [he has paid dearly]. Po'ohu ka lae i ka 'ala, lumps in t h e forehead from t h e hard volcanic rock (a large fee]. Po'ohu ka lae, kahi i ka pdhue, lumps in t h e forehead, rub with a gourd [get t h e rem-

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p o p o

edy for trouble], 2. Prolonged resonance, as of a gong or as heard a f t e r striking a certain kind of stone. 06s. p o ' o h u a ' l . Splitting headache. Po'o hua'i lama, a splitting headache or hang-over caused by liquor. p o ' o h u k u . T o p point of a hill, ridge: sharp tips of ridges of a file or rasp. Lit., protruding nead. p o ' o h u l u . Chief featherworker for a chief, a hereditary office, p o ' o h u n a . Hidden, mysterious, invisible, as t h e gods. Po'o huna i ke ao uli, godheads hidden in t h e dark clouds, p o ' o k a ' e o . Bent over, as in carrying a heavy load. Obs. p o ' o - k a n a k a . 1. A variety of watermelon. Lit., human head. 2. Kohala n a m e for pansy, p o ' o k a n a k a . H u m a n head, skull. Cf. heiau po'o kanaka. p o ' o k e a . Same as po'o hina. p o ' o k e l a . Foremost, best, superior; champion: to excel. E ho'oha'aha'a 'ia no ko 'olua mau po'okela (Ier. 13.18), your principalities shall come down. p o ' o k e o k e o . Same as pokeokeo, 3. I ku'u 'ike 'ana i ka po'okeokeo 'ana o ka po'e hewa (Hal. 73.3), when I saw the prosperity of the wicked, p o ' o k e ' o k e ' o . White-haired: platinum blonde, p o ' o k e p a . Hair cut in an extraordinary m a n ner, as of one in mourning in the old days, with only p a r t of the hair cut. Lit., sideways head, p o ' o k l ' e k l ' e . High hoads, a name for the great gods, Kane, Kana, and Lono. (Kep. 19.) p o ' o k i h l k l h l . Cocked, as a h a t ; angular, as a head. p o ' o k l ' i . Mask. Lit., image head. p o ' o k o i . Envied. Obs. p o ' o k o ' t . One skilled In sorcery. p o ' o k o ' l . Adze-headed, a term of ridicule for one with a sharp or projecting forehead, p o ' o k u a k e a . Gray-haired. Lit., bleached head, p o ' o k u m u . School principal. Lit., teacher head. p o ' o l S . 1. Stevedore. Lit., sun head. 3. T h e few Hawaiian species and varieties of small native trees (Claozylon), in t h e euphorbia family, with soft wood, large oblong, toothed leaves, small clustered flowers, the f r u i t a three-parted capsule. (Neal 437.) 3. See 'ama'ama, 1. p o ' o l a - n u i . 1. Young stage of dragonfly, between the larval stage (lohelohe) and adulthood (pinao). Lit., great sun head. 2. A native kind of ko'oko'olau (Bidens cosmoid.es), on Kauai only, with yellow flowers two inches across, p o ' o l a u . Leaf base; b u t t end of a leaf, p o ' o l e k a . Postage s t a m p . Lit., letter head. For example see 'ili'ili. p o ' o l e k a k a u a . War-savings stamp. Lit., war stamp. pO'Olelo. Short for po'o'olelo. p o ' o l l m a . A half note (music). Lit., arm note. p O ' o l o p f i . Blister; to billow out, as wind-filled clothes. p o ' o l u a . Child sired by other t h a n the husband, b u t accepted by both husband and sire; this acceptance increased t h e number of relatives of t h e child who gave their loyalty to him as kinsmen; it thus fostered t h e prestige of children of chiefs; translated " a d u l t e r o u s " in t h e 1843 Bible (Mar. 8.38), b u t changed in later editions, p o ' o l u l u h l . Same as poluluhi. Lit., tired head, p o ' o m a h l o l e . Crest, as of a bird. Lit., helmet head. p o ' o m a n a . An eighth note (music). Lit., branching note, named for t h e stem mark, p o ' o m a n a k o l u . A thirty-second note (music). Lit., triple branching note, p o ' o m a n a l u a . A sixteenth note (music). Lit., doubly branching note.

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p o ' o m a n a ' o . Topic, theme, heading, headline. Lit., t h o u g h t heading. p o ' o m a u n u . Bait remainder. Ola no ka lawai'a i kahi po'o maunu, fisherman can live on leftover bait. p o ' o m u k u . C u t off, shortened. For example see kapala. p o ' o n l u n l u . Dizzy head. Same as poniuniu. p o ' o n o ' o , p o ' o n o ' o n o ' o . A thinker, a thoughtful head. P o ' o - n u l . 1. N a m e of a cold, continuous rain. (Kep. 97.) 2. (.Not cap.) A variety of 'ahi, a fish, with a short body and thin tail, p o ' o n u l . Hang-over; worried head, worry. Lit., big head. p o ' o ' o l e . Illegitimate. Lit., no head. p o ' o ' O l e l o . Title, as of an article; text, as of a sermon. Lit., speech heading, p o ' o ' d p a e . Shrimp head, an opprobrious term because the shrimp's excretory organs are said to be in its head, p o ' o - p a ' a . Fish (CiTThilus alternatus. Merinthe macrocephala, Sebastapistes ballieui), a b o u t four to nine inches long with large scales on body a n d small scales on face, colored in blotches of blue, brown, and red with white vertical bars: eaten raw, broiled, or salted and dried. Lit., hard head. Also called 'o'opu-kai, 'o'opu-po'opa'a, pili-ko'a. For example see hSkai. p o ' o p a ' a . Hardheaded, stubborn, set in one's ways. p o ' o p a l a o a . A kind of white shell (no d a t a ) . Lit., ivory head. p o ' o - p & o ' o . N a m e for highest tip of the canoe endpiece. p o ' o p f t p a l e . A drooping frost, as of some birds. Lit., hat head, p o ' o p e p e . Flathead, a name for lessor gods. (Kep. l'J.) p o ' o p o ' o . Iiedup. of po'o, 3; sunken, as eyes of a sick person; nook, cranny. 'A'ohe 'oe i 'ike i ko'u po'opo'o, you did not know my nooks a n d crannies [about my family and background!. Ua 'eli ihola 'oia i ka lua a po'opo'o (Hal. 7.15), he dug the pit deep, h o ' o p o ' o p o ' o . Kedup. of ho'opo'o. p o ' o p u a ' a . 1. Head pupil in a hula school. Lit., pig head, so named because t h e head pupil provided a pig or pig-head offering. Cf. paepae, \ and DL 29. 2. Image of a pig, carved of wood such as kukui, placed on the stone heap marking t h e boundary of an ahupua'a land division, p o ' o p t l ' a l i . Any depression in the head, as a sunken temple, p o ' o p u ' l l . Bulging head; hilltop. Fig., sullen, unsocial person. pO'OU. 1. Fish (Cheilinus sp.). Varieties are qualified by t h e colors kea and 'ula. 2. Same as 'a'awa, wrasse, p o ' o w a t . W a t e r source or head. Cf. 'iole-po'owai. p O p a h l . Small, of m a n or woman. (AP.) P o p e . 1. Pope; papist, Catholic. Eng. Ild'ole Pope, P r o t e s t a n t ; lit., deny pope. Ho'omana Pope, Catholic religion. 2. (Ao/ cap.) Poppy. Eng. p o p e l a . Poplar. (Kin. 30.37.) Eng. p&pillkla. Trouble, distress, tribulation, straits, misfortune. Ke'ena o na popilikia kuikawa, industrial accident board, n o ' o p d p l l l k l a . T o cause distress, trouble; to afflict, p o p o . Same as popopo. Ua 'ai 'ia e ka popo ko 'oukou kula, a me ko 'oukou kala, he ho'ike ka popo o ia mau mea (Iak. 5.3), your gold a n d silver are cankered, and t h e rust of these things shows. p 6 p 0 . 1. Ball, round mass; cluster, bunch, as of flowers; to shape or wad u p into a ball or bundle. Cf. kinipopd, Pdp5-ua, Ua-pBpo-kapa. 2. Short for 'apdpB, tomorrow.

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pGpA'ai. Redup. of po'ai. Rare. pOpft 'al. Ball of poi or other food. pOpO ' a u h u h u . Mall of pulverized 'auhuhu as inserted in coral to poison fish. Fig., poison, danger, venomous attack. Malama pono *oe t kana pdpd 1auhuhu, watch out for a venomous attack from him. popoe. Redup. of poe, 1. pOpO-hau. The hydrangea (Hydrangea macropnylla), an eastern Asiatic shrub, grown for the large, rounded or flat-topped clusters of pink, white, or blue flowers. In Hawaii it succeeds at high, cool altitudes. (Neal 333.) pOpO hau. Snowball. pOpO-hau-o-Nl'Ihau. A large sedge with edible seeds. popohe. Round, shapely; neat and trim, as flowers. Ka popohe lau o ka palai, the leaf roundness of the palai fern, popohe-makall'l. Same as 'o'oi, a seaweed, popo'l. Redup. of po'i, I, 3, 4; stopper, bung, popolwl. InsideL corner. Obs. Cf. kihi. Ma ka popoiwi o ka pa (2 Oihn. 26.9), at the turning of the wall. pOpO Iwl. Bundle of bones, as preserved of beloved relatives. pOpft kapa'l. Ball of medicinal herbs used for massage, popoke. Var. of pokepoke. popoki. 1. Var. of pokipoki. 1, S\ short, thick. (For. 5:349.) 2. Name of a lua fighting hold, said to be used by women as well as by men. Obs. pOpokl. Cat (said to be derived from Eng. "poor pussy"). PSpoki ki, a spitting cat [a spiteful, malignant person], Popoki lehu, Maltese cat; lit., ash cat._ Popoki nawaliwali, weak cat [a weakling]. Popoki pe'elua, gray cat with darker markings, as a tabby cat; lit., caterpillar cat. pOpS-lehua. An Ixora (Ixora macrnihyrsa) from the East Indies, a shrub grown ornamentally for its large round clusters of red flowers, which are used for leis. Each flower has a narrow red tube about two inches long, tipped with four short lobes. (Neal 702.) popoll. Arched, curved, warped. Obs. pOpO limu. Ball of seaweed, cleaned and salted, as sold for food, pdpolo. 1. The black nightshade (Solatium nigrum or S. nodiflorum), a smooth cosmopolitan herb, one to three feet high. It is a weed with ovate leaves, small white flowers, and small black edible berries. In Hawaii, young shoots and leaves are eaten as greens, and the plant is valuod for medicine, formerly for ceremonies. (Neal 655.) Also called polopolo. The fruit is hua pdpolo, 'olohua, pu'ili. In modern slang, Negroes are sometimes referred to as pdpolo. See pdpolohua. 2. An endemic lobelia (Cyanea solanacea), a shrub to eight feet high; in young lants the leaves are large, sinuate, thorny on oth sides; in mature plants the leaves are unarmed; flowers two inches long, light-colored; fruit a large orange berry. 3. The native pokeberry. See pdpolo-ku-mai. 4. Same as maiko, a fish. Niihau. pGpolo-'al-a-keakua. A shrub from Kauai (Solanum kauaiense), without thorns and with large ovate or oblong, sinuate leaves, densely downy on the under side. Cream- and purplecolored flowers less than an inch in diameter are borne in erect clusters. The fruit is a berry. Lit., popolo eaten by the god. pdpolo hlwa. Very dark, as popolo berries. pOpolohua. Purplish-blue, as the sea; dark, as a Druise. Kai pSpolohua mea a Kane, the purplish-blue reddish-brown sea of Kane. pOpolo-klk&nia. Apple of Sodom, yellowfruited or thorny pdpolo (Solanum sodomeum), from the Mediterranean region, a small, thorny, somewhat shrubby weed, with lobed leaves,

E

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violet flowers, and yellow or orange fruits resembling small tomatoes. The plant is slightly poisonous. (Neal 655.) pOpolo-ku-mal. 1. The native pokeberry (Phytolacca sandwicensis), a small shrub with rather large, ovate leaves, many small flowers borne in long, narrow racemes, and dark-purple berries. The berries may have been used for dye. 2. A low shrub {Solanum incompletum var. mauiense), a native of Maui, with large, ovate, sinuate, downy, uneven-sided leaves. The plants are somewhat thorny, the flowers purplishwhite, the fruits orange berries. pOpoIoIO. Courageous, bold. Obs. popolona. Var. of polopolona. poponl. Redup. of poni, 2. popo'ohina. Redup. of po'o hina. Ua ku kepakepa ka maka o ka lehua, ua popo'ohina i ka wela a ke akua (chant), the faces of the lehua are snipped, gray ash in the heat of the god. pOpO paka (baka). Wad or plug of tobacco. p6p0 palaoa. Round loaf of bread. Popd palaoa hu 'ole (Oihk. 8.26), unleavened bread. pOpft pelena (berena). Loaf of bread. PSpo pelena ho'oluli (Oihk. 23.17), wave loaf. PBpO pelena i hamo 'ia i ka 'aila (Oihk. 8.26), cake of oiled bread, popopo. Rot, as of wood or cloth; decay, as of teeth; moth-eaten; worm offal; rust (Bible)', rotten, decayed. Cf. pilau. Maka popopo, rotten eye [of a ghost], ( P P N popo, P M P oekbek.) pOpO pillll. A wet bundle, as of laundry; to wrap up wet, as laundry that is not allowed to dry. PGpO-ua. Name of a rain. ( P H 109.) Also called Ua-popo-kapa. pftpft liahl. Dense, gray, puffy, as smoke, fog. Lit., smoke ball. Popo uahi ka wai kilikili noe, dense as smoke is the misting fine rain. pOpft-'ulu. Same as mai' a-popo-'ulu. pOpuakl'l. Clusters of cloud banks. pOpu'all. T o girdle, tie tightly or constrict in the middle. (AP.) pou. 1. Post. 2. Ridge, as of nose. 3. Mast of canoe. 4. Machine gun. 5. Part of snood lashing on composite hook, as for bonitos; sometimes shaft of a hook is so called. 6. Spool pins on a sewing machine. 7. Same as poupou, 1. 8. A canoe, broad for its length and wide and blunt at the ends, used for baggage. po'O. Same as pa'u, drenched, pou alo. House wall posts, front row of posts, pouamanu. Var. of pouomanu. (For. 5:323.) pouhana. Post set in the middle of each end of the house, supporting the ridgepole. Fig., support, mainstay, as of a family, pouhauanu'u. Short, stout. Var. of pau hananu'u. Pou-hftnu'li. Name of a star. Lit., low post, po'ubia. Var. of pa'uhia. pou lllA. Bent corner post, probably as supporting the ridgepole of a canoe house. pOuhu. 1. Var. of pauhu, a cowry. 2. Homely, ugly. Obs. pouka, pouda. Var. of pauka, powder. Cf. paula. pou klht. Corner post. pOuktukl. Mildewed, mouldy, musty. Obs. poukQ. Cleats supporting canoe seats, pou kua. House wall posts, back row of posts, pou kukuna. Gable post. See kukuna. pOule. Male flower of the breadfruit. Cf. ule, penis, poull. 1. Dark; darkness, dark night. Fig., ignorance. He 'ano 'e ka pouli nui, how strange is deep ignorance. Cf. kupouli. ho'opoull. T o darken, make dark, blind, mislead; to pretend to be ignorant or not know. Mai ho'opouli mai 'oe, e ka hoa, 'o wau no keia 'o ka 'ano'i (song).

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d o not feign ignorance, O companion, this is I, the lover. 3. Eclipse. Pouli ka mahina, eclipse of the moon. Pouli holo'oko'a 'ana a ka la, total eclipse of the sun. pOulluIl. Redup. of pouli. 1. ho'opOullulI. Redup. of ho'opouli; blackout. p O ' u l u . 1. Bark of tender breadfruit shoots, as used for less fine tapa. 3. Euphemism for pBule. poll l u a . Shaft of the Whe'e, squid lure, perhaps so called because one side has a stone attached, with a cowry on the other side. Lit., double shaft. p o u n a . Var. of paona, pound. (Luka 19.13.) Cf. paona, paona kaulike. p o u n a n a h u a . See nanahua, 2. p o u o m a n u . House post: post designating place of human sacrifice, said to be named f o r an ancient deity, p o u o n o . Fishing net. ( M a l o 212.) p o u o u o . Bag net with meshes two Angers wide, similar to but larger than the luelue. p o u p o u . 1. Short and stocky, stout. Cf. nohoni'o. h o ' o p o u p o u . T o shorten, stoop. 3. Same as kupou, £, a fish, p o u p o u a n a . A service f o r the erection of the haku 'ohi'a, image for a temple dedication. ( M a l o 169.) pOw&. R o b b e r ; to rob. plunder, be_a robber. E pbwa wale ka hele aku a ko ha'i 'aina, make (For. 4:47), like a robber to go on the land of others, death, p o w e h l , p O w e h l w e h l . Var. spelling of poehi; poehie.hi. (K.L line 135.) p o w e k o . Var. spelling of poeko. p u . Inactive, sluggish, quiet, dejected, bored (usually following noho). 'Oia noho pu wale ihola no 'o ke aWi, the chief just sits quietly. 'Oku'u pu, to crouch dejected. Kai pu, sea without animation: sea at midtlde. p u - . Short f o r puna. See puhau. p O . 1. L a r g e triton conch shell (Charonia trilonis): any wind instrument, as horn, trumpet, cornet. T h e instrument may be distinguished from other pu by the qualifier ho'okani, sounding. Na pu kiwi hipa ehiku (Iosua 6.4), seven trumpets of rams' horns. (Probably P P N pu, P M P puput.) 3. Gun, pistol. Cf. pu aloha. 1 lalo pU, order arms [military command], 3. General name f o r pumpkin or squash. Also called ipu-pO. 4. Tree, cluster of several stalks, as of banana, pandanus, or k a v a : clump, as of sugar cane. Also bpu. ( P P N pu'u, P M P puqun.) 5. Head of octopus or squid. 6. Canoe endplece, both fore and aft. 7. Coil of hair, topknot of hair; rope or line, as attached t o sticks in an 'Gpelu net; rope attached t o the front of an unfinished canoe to haul it t o the shore; olona string used in the game pukaula: snotter holding the end of the sprit of a sail; to coil; to gather in, as sails; to f o r m a topknot. Pu i ka wa'a, ceremony during which a head craftsman prayed that the gods would protect the newly carved canoe hull as it was drawn f r o m the forest to the sea; to attach a line to a canoe; such a line. Pu i ka lauoho, to f o r m the hair in a topknot. 8. T o divide by lot: pebbles or seeds were placed under a tapa, and divided unseen into heaps, and the players drew to get the largest heaps. h o ' o p Q . Causative/ simulative. 9. T o eat a little, said In a humble invitation, as Mai kakou e pu 'ai, come and have a little f o o d with us [take potluck], Mai kakou e pu pa'akai, come and share a little salt with us [said disparagingly of the meat). 10. A variety of sweet potato. 11. T o blow water f r o m the mouth. 06s. 13. Together, entirely, also with, together with. 'Ula pU, entirely red. Me 'oe pU, same to you [as in reply to a good wish]. Like pU, exactly alike. Noho pu, to live together, as without benefit of clergy. 'O au ptt, me too. 'O kaua pU, so will I : you and I both. Moku pU, broken completely. Pau pu kaua i ka ho'opa'i '¡a, we'll be punished together.

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p u a . 1. Flower, blossom, tassel and stem of sugar cane; to bloom, blossom. Papale pua, papale pua kd, hat made of stem of sugar cane. Pua ka wiliwili, nanahu ka man5, the wiliwili tree blooms, the sharks bite [a blossoming girl is desirod by males; sharks are believed to mate when the wiliwili blooms and t o be especially ferocious]. E hau'oli ho'i ka wao akua, a e pua mai ho'i (Isa. 35.1), the wilderness shall be glad and blossom too. 3. T o issue, appear, come forth, emerge, said especially of smoke, wind, speech, and colors, hence to smoke, blow, speak, snine. Cf. pua ahi, pua ehu, pua 'ehu, pua 'ena, pua hina, puana, puka. Pua ka uahi, the smoke rises. E pua ana ka makani, the wind rises. Kapu ka na, ka 'i, i ka pua o ka leo, forbidden to groan, to speak by sound of voice. A 'ike pua iki aku no 'oe ia Ka'ula, and you barely see Ka'ula. Pua i'a hoa makani, the wind companions blow the fish [scandal], h o ' o p u a . Causative/simulative. Mai ho'opua 'oe, do not say a word. 3. Progeny, child, descendant, offspring; young, as of (iholehole, 'ama'ama, 'anae, awa, kahala, 'o'io, uouoa\ to produce progeny or young. Pua aliH, descendants of chiefs, royal progeny. Pua 'uhini, young 'uhini, a grasshopper. Kana mau pua, his descendants. Lau kO pua, netting drive for young fish. Ua pau, ua hala lakou, a koe no na pua (song), they are gone, passed away, and the descendants remain. 4. Arrow, dart, sometimes made f r o m flower stalks of sugar-cane. 5. Same as olopua, 1, a tree. 6. Float, buoy. Obs. 7. Short for 'opua, a cloud bank. 8. (Cap.) T h e name of a mischievous goddess of sorcery. Cf. ki'ipua p u ' a . Same as hSkiokio, a whistle. Oahu. pfl'A. 1. Flock, herd, drove; to flock. Pu'a hipa, herd of sheep. 3. A sheaf, bundle, as of grain or fuel that is not wrapped; to tie in bundles, bind. PQ'a 'i'o, bundle of flesh. I ka pu'a 'ana a kakou i napu'H (Kin. 37.7), we were binding sheaves. 3. T o feed by passing directly f r o m mouth to mouth, of masticated food such as fish or poi; infants and the aged were fed thus. 4. T o cut crosswise. Obs, 5. T o besiege. Obs. (PQ'a In 2 Sam. 11.1 of the 1843 Bible was changed to pue in later editions; cf. pu'e.) p u a ' a . 1. Pig, hog, swine, pork. Cf. hula pua'a. Gram. 2.3. Pua'a 'imi ali'i (For. 4:189), a chief-seeking pig [a priest after proper prayers would release a pig, which would then approach a chief that the priest was to serve]. Pua'a nui huelo huluhulu, great pig with hairy tail [a name given to the horse on Lanai], Moe ka ihu o ka

i

ma'a, the snout of the pig has been laid down entire pig sacrifice is offered]. Id *oe ke po'o pua'a a kakou, you are in charge of our offering of pig [lit., pig head], 3. Banks of f o g or clouds, often as gathered over a mountain summit, a sign of rain. Mehe ao pua'a la, ke aloha e kau nei, like a cloud resting on the mountain is the love alighting here, p a ' f t ' a . 1. Scattered, dispersed; to flee in disorder and fright. Also pukSka. Holo pU'a'a, to stampede. h o ' o p Q ' S ' f t . T o put to flight, drive In confusion. 3. Redup. of pu'a, g, 5 ; bundles, sheaths; to tie many; to besiege frequently, p d ' a ' a - ' e h u ' e h u . Red pig, a poetic name for 'ima'uma'u, ferns. T h e demigod Kama-pua'a took this f o r m when he ran f r o m Pele to the forest of 'ama'u ferns and turned into a fern himself,

pua'a hame. Ham.

p u a ' a b e ' a . Blood-stained pig. hence a sacrificed pig, also said of human sacrifice, p u a a h e a h e , p f l a h e a h e . T o blow gently; light, as work. P u a - a h l . N a m e of a star. Lit., fire flower, p u a a h l , p u a h l . T o glow like fire. For figurative use see ko'iko'i. Lohi mai ' A pua, 'anapa i ka /a, pua ahi ka la i ka papa o Maukele (chant), 'Apua sparkles, glistens in the sun, the sun shines like fire on the flats of Maukele. p u a - a h i a b l . Same as nani-ahiahi, the fouro'clock flower.

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pua'a

pua'a hlnu. Greasy pig. Fig., human sacrifice, pua'a hlwa. A solid-black pig, much desired for sacrifice. pua aholehole. Young aholehole. pua'a holo honua. The Tahitian namo for horse, perhaps used at one time in Hawaii, hit., pig runs [on the] ground, pua'a hulu 'ole. Hairless pig, a figurative name for taro leaves, since they might sometimes replace pig as sacrifice, pua'a-'ili-'o'oi. Heron, bittern (Zep. 2.14 of 1843 Bible, changed in later editions to kipoda). Lit., sharp-skinned pig. p u a ' a - l - n a k a . An endemic long-branched shrub (Stenogyne rotundifolia) in the mint family, found only on Mount Hale-a-kala; the inch-long flowers woolly, purple-tinted, ill whorls of six; the leaves round and rough. pua'a-k&-huluhulu. A lua fighting hold. Lit., pig striking frayed, pua'a kal. Certain fish (as ahole, 'ama'ama, 'anae, humuhumu-nukunuku-a-pua'a, kumfi, pualu) used as substitute for pig offering. Lit., sea pig. pua'a kau. Hog offered as sacrifice. Lit., placed pig. pua'a-kuhlnla. Same as pakahakaha, a fern, pua'akukui. Carved log of kukui wood placed with hard taro (pa'i ~ai) on the altar marking boundary of ahupua'a. (Malo 163.) pua'a laho. Hoar; term of reproach for a lecherous male, named for the pig demigod, Kamapua'a. Lit., scrotum hog. pua'a lau. Name for plants that might replace pig in some sacrifices, a favorite being young taro leaves. Others were 'ama'u, hapu'u, kukaepua'a, kukui, olomea, and 'uha-loa. They were considered the plant forms of the pig demigod, Kama-pua'a. Lit., leaf pig. puaali'l. Descendant of achief.Lii., chief flower, pua aloalo. Hibiscus flower. See aloalo. pua'a-lohelohe. Larvae of dragonfly (lohelohe) used ceremonially as an offering, pua'a m&lki. Small pig. puaaneane, pQaneane. Extremity of life, extreme old age. Kau i ka puaaneane, to reach a stage of advanced old age. pua-'anuhe. Same as lau-lele, butterfly weed (Asclepias). Lit., caterpillar flower, pua'a ohi. A youug female pig that has not borne young. pua'a-'Okalakala. Hedgehog. Lit., rough pig. pua'a olomea. 1. A striped pig. 2. Poetic namo for the olomea, a tree. Kama-pua'a took this form when pursued by Pele. pua 'Splkl. A name for the 'ilima flower. See 'apiki. pua'a pipi. Early name for cattle when brought to the islands by Vancouver. Lit., beef (.Eng.) pig. pua'a pQko'a. Spotted pig. Lit., coral head pig. pua'a OkO. Pig offering at the death of a chief as a plea to the 'aumakua gods to receive the spirit of the departed. Lit., fulfillment pig. pua'awa'awa. Great hunger. Obs. Lit., issuing sourness, pua'a wahlne. Sow. pua£a. T o expire, breathe one's last. Puaea ka manu o Ka'ula i ke kai, the bird of Ka'ula expires at sea [utter destruction, as of birds dropping dead while flying overseas], pua ehu. T o blow spray or dust. Pua ehu akula ka moana, the ocean spray flies, pua 'ehu. T o shine brightly, as reddish flowers. Pua 'ehu maila uka (For. 6:545), the uplands sparkled with red color, pua 'ena. T o glow brightly.

hinu

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puahala. A medium-sized bowl, as used for serving poi, named for a supposed resemblance to a pandanus key (pua hala). pua-hala. 1. Design in tapa and patchwork quilts. 2. A variety of sugar cane, pua hala. Bright yellow base of a pandanus (.hala) key that may be used for leis. pfl'aha-nul. Same as kanawao, 1, small trees, pua hau. 1. Blossoms of hau, a tree. 2. Yellow, as a malo. Moa pua hau, chicken with yellowish feathers at neck and flanks. pOaheahe. Var. spelling of pua aheahe. pua-hekill. One of the native loosestrifes (Lysimachia hillebrandii). Lit., thunder flower. Cf. kolokolo-kuahiwi puahl. 1. Var. spelling of pua ahi. 2. Same as puahia. puahla. 1. Spry, quick. Holo puahia i ka wao o lehua, swiftly running in the lehua forest. 2. Hazy, gray. ptlalilahi. Var. spelling of pua-ahiahi, a flower, puahiahla. Redup. of puahia, 1, z. pua-hilahlla. The sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), a low, spreading American plant, with round pink flower heads. The leaves, compound, with many small leaflets, droop and close when touched. Lit., bashful flower, pu&hllo. 1. Fine, slender, frail as a spider's web, delicate. 2. To chap, peel, crack, as skin, puahllohilo. Redup. of pudhilo, 1, 2. Hilo, he puahilohilo ke 'ano, no ka mea 'a'ole i aka loa a'e kona nui, aka, ua md'ali ma'awe ke'oke'o iki wale no (Kep. 99), the lunar night of Hilo, the nature of the moon is a narrow sliver, because its full size has not been made clear, but is just a small white fibrous strand, pua hina. Gray. Ka lani pua hina o ka ho'oilo, the gray skies of winter, puahlo. To come and go swiftly, as a puff of wind. puahiohlo. Redup. of puahio-, whirlwind. Fig., worthless talk. E lawe aku 'o Iehova ia 'Elia i ka lani ma ka puahiohio (2 Nal. 2.1), Jehovah was to take Elijah up to heaven by a whirlwind, pua hlpa. Lamb. Also hipa keiki. pO'S hlpa. Flock of sheep. pua-hOkfl. A tropical American herb (Isotoma IHippobroma] longiflora), one to two feet high, with few or no branches, with long, narrow, lobed leaves, and starlike flowers with threeinch-long tube. The plant is related to the lobelias. It is poisonous, especially to stock. (Neal 718.) pua-liOku-hihl. The waxflower (Hoya carnosa), an ornamental vine from south China and Australia, in the milkweed family. Leaves are thick, broad-oval, paired, at their bases bearing short clusters of waxy, fragrant, white and pink, star-shaped flowers used for leis. (Neal 616.) pu&hole. Var. spelling of pua ahole, young of ahole. puahuku. A term of contempt; perhaps literally rising squid head; said also to refer to erections not followed by satisfaction. Obs. puahulu. Same as pupuahulu. pua'l. T o flow out, as water; to bubble or gurgle, boil; to vomit; to appear, as a color; to utter, as speech. (Mar. 7.15; Ier. 6.7.) Cf. pua, 1. 'A'ohe pua'i leo mai, no word uttered. Pua'i mai ka 'ula mai loko mai o ka 'ele'ele, the red shows through the black, ho'opua'l. T o cause to flow, show, etc. pfi 'al. T o share a little food. See pu, 9. pfl'&'I. Adam's apple (probably from pu'u 'a'I, neck lump), pfiaialewa. Same as puailewa. pua 'i'l. Tiny fry of flsh. pua'lleho. Same as puleileho.

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p u ' a 1 o a 1 o pflallewa, pQalalewa. 1. Suspended In the air. as clouds. 2. T o breathe with difficulty, gasp. 3. Name of a drastic remedy made of papa'ahekili bark. Obs. pua 'llima. 'Ilima flower; eaten as a mild cathartic, especially by children, pua'lna. Flowing, bubbling, boiling, etc. See pua'i. Pua'ina waimaka, flow of tears. puainSwele. Thin, web-like, weak. Makali'i puainawele ke kai o Keone-'o'io, the sea of Keone-'o'io is like a fine-meshed web [one who considers himself too good for his associates]. Lohe kdli'uli'u puainawele mehe leo la no ka hinihini, to hear faintly, weak, like the voice of the land shell, pualnea. Same as puanaiea. pualohi. Small Kauai thrush (Phaeornispalmeri). pu'aka. 1. T o bind, tie. Obs. 2. To work hard without reward or appreciation. Obs. pfl'aka'aka. Redup. of pu'aka, 1, 2. pua ka'a6na. Dart made of the stem of sugarcane tassel smoked reddish-brown (ka'aona). pua k&hala. Small kahala, a fish, puakal. 1. Same as pukai, 1. 2. Red of tapa or malo dyed with noni juice (Malo 49); a red dye. puakala. To disguise itself as kala, a seaweed, of a squid in the sea. Lit., appear kala. pua-kala. 1. The beach or prickly poppy (Argemone alba var. glauca), a Hawaiian variety of a species of southern United States, agray, prickly plant with stiff, lobed, toothed leaves and fragile, white-petaled flowers. Formerly, Hawaiians used the yellow juice medicinally to relieve pain. Lit., thorny flower. Also called kala, naule, pdkalakala. 2. A native prickly lobelia (Cvanea solenocalyx), a shrub with large ovate or oblong, prickly leaves and hairy, purple flowers, found in gulches of Molokai. 3. The spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), a coarse, prickly European weed, two to five feet high, with large, spiny, lobed leaves, and dark-purple, spiny flower heads about two by two inches. 4. A kind of crab. pua-kalaunu. The crown flower (Calotropis gigantea), a large shrub, native from India to the East Indies, belonging to the milkweed family. The crown-shaped flowers, white or lavender, are commonly used for leis, and the plants for hedges in dry areas. (Neal 615.) pua-kauahl-haehae-kamanu. Name of a lua hold. Lit., the smoke rises, the bird tears, puakauhl. Same as 'awikiwiki, a vine. Kauai. pua-Kawal-hae. 1. A variety of taro. ( H P 34.) 2. A variety of sweet potato. puakea. 1. Pale-colored, especially a tint between white and pink, as sunset clouds; the color of a buckskin horse. 'Ilipuakea, white person [a poetical name]. Ku'u lio puakea, my buckskin horse, ho'opuakea. T o appear bright, shine. 2. To spread, as a ship's sails or as fog. pua-kenlkenl. A shrub or small tree (Fagraea berteriana), from the South Pacific, grown ornamentally for foliage, flowers, fruit. The flowers are two inches long, white, changing to orange, fragrant, and used for leis. The inch-wide berry is orange or red. (Neal 601.) Lit., ten-cent flower, so called because at one time the flowers are said to have sold for ten cents each, puakl. 1. Same as puaki'i, 1. 2. A young eel. 3. A red seaweed (Liagora decussata), somewhat calcified but flexible, branched; not edible; related to papa'akea. p u a k l . Flower of the ti. pu'akl. 1. Stingy; antisocial, suspicious and distrustful of others. Obs. 2. Lines meeting on a mast. Obs. puaklawe. Same as pukiawe. puakl'l. 1. Thin, skinny. Cf. hBki'i. 2. T o take, as without permission. Obs. p u a k l ' l . Same as 'Bpua ki'i. p u a klkft. Cigar flower. See klka.

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pua k6. Stem and tassel of sugar cane (the stem was used in making hats). Papale pua, papale pua ko, hat made of sugar-cane stem, puakfi'ula. Red, as lehua blooms. 'A'ala lau lehua ka wao o Puna, puakd'ula i ka mau'u Ko'o-lihilihi (chant), fragrant with many lehua is the upland of Puna, red in the grass at Ko'o-lihilihi. pua kukui. Blossoms of kukui. pfl'ala. X. Same as pu'a, sheath. 2. Overcooked, as taro. Obs. pQ'ala'a. Short for pu'u 'ala'a, heap of small taro tubers. pua laha 'ole. A choice and rare flower. Fig., a beloved person. Lit., flower not spread, pua lahllahl. Singlo flowering. Lit., thin flower, pfl'alala. To scream, shriek, cry out, bleat; to cry loudly like a baby. For example see 'uwi'uwi, 5. pualalea. Clear, bright. Pualalea Mauna-loa i ka pa a ka la (chant), Mauna-loa is bright with the touch of sun. pua lani. Descendant of a chief, pualau. To carry on the hip, as a child. Obs. pu'alanahl. To divide. Obs. Lit., bundle split, pua lei. Flowers for leis; cherished blossom or child. pua Ifi'I. Flower that attracts many (le'l), as a lehua that attracts birds, pua-lele. The sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), a weedy herb in the daisy family, from Europe. It is a foot tall or more, the leaves narrow, lobed, toothed, the flower heads clustered, yellow, about an inch iu diameter. The light seeds are tipped with hairy tufts. The plant is sometimes fed to pigs and the leaves eaten by people during famine. (Neal 756.) pualena. 1. Yellow color; to appear yellow, as said of dawn or muddy water. Ka wa e pualena ana 'o ke ao (Puk. 14.27), the time when the light appears yellow at dawn. 2. Lazy; to loll about. pualewa. Unsettled, unfixed, always on the move; upset stomach, pfl'all. 1. Warrior, so called because Hawaiian fighters tied (pu'ali) their malos at the waist so that no flap would dangle for a foe to seize; army, host, multitude. Various types of military formations are listed below._ Kona pu'ali apau (Puk. 14.4), all his host. Pu'ali 'anela, host of angels. 2. T o gird tightly about the waist, as of maio-clad warriors, or as corseted women; compressed, constricted in the middle; grooved, notched; irregularly shaped, as taro; notch; tight belt (see koki for example). Ua kaliki 'ia a pu'ali ke kino o ka wahine, the body of the woman is corseted and pulled tight. 'Eono pu'ali o kana la'au palau (For. 5:221), his war club has six notches. Pu'ali ka hau nui i ka hau iki, the big hau tree is grooved by the small hau [a child annoying an adult; a small warrior harassing a big one], no'opQ'all. T o gird, compress; grooved. 3. Isthmus. 4. Slender abdominal stalk on a wasp's body. pQ'aU'all. Redup. of pu'ali, I; of varying thickness, as a cord or 'ilima lei not carefully woven. PO'ali Ho'OIa. Salvation Army. Lit., saving army. puall'i. 1. Var. spelling of pua ali'i. 2. Kind of tapa used for loincloths and sarongs, pfl'all Inu wal. Temperance league. Lit., waterdrinking host. pQ'ali kaua ka'l w&wae. Infantry. Lit., war army proceeding afoot, pfl'all kaua lio. Cavalry, pfl'all kau Ho. Cavalry. Lit., horse-riding army. pQ'ali koa. Armed forces, p a ' a l l koa ho'ohanohano. Honor guard, pfl'all koa lio. Cavalry. Lit., horse-soldier army. pQ'aloalo. Same as pua aloalo, hibiscus flower.

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p u

pfl a l o h a . Gun salute. p u a l u , p u w a l u . 1. A species of surgeonfish about eight inches in length and brown or dull-gray in color. I t resembles the palani in tough skin and strong smell but may be distinguished from the latter by a blue line across the soft part of the fin. 2 . Var. spelling of puwalu, 1. p Q ' a l u . Loose, slack; crumpled, crinkled, as ruffles. p f l ' a l u ' a l u . Redup. of pu'alu. p u a m a k a h l k i . Annual flower, p u a - m a k a - n u l . Same as aka'aka'awa, a begonia. Lit., large-eyed flower, p u a - m a l e . A kind of vine (Slephanotis Jloribunda), in the milkweed family, from Madagascar. I t has oval, leathery, paired leaves and clustered, fragrant, white, tubular flowers, which are sometimes worn by brides in Hawaii. (Neal 616.) Lit., wedding flower, p u a m a n a . Caret sign of omission, p u a - m a n a . Same as ilioha, horseweeds. p u a m e l i a . See melia, plumeria. p u a n a . 1. Attack or beginning of a song; to begin a song; summary refrain, as of a song, usually a t or near the beginning of a song; theme of a song. Ka puana a ka moe, revelation or message of a dream, ila'ina 'ia mai ana ka puana, tell the summary refrain [this line followed by the refrain is a t the end of many songs or precedes the name of the person in whose honor the song was composed!. E puana mai 'oe i ka puana, start the summary refrain of the song. 2 . Pronunciation. E ho'opuka pololei ana ka naum&na i ka puana pololei o ia mau hua pi'apa, the student was saying the pronunciation of the letters of the alphabet well. 3 . T o surround, encompass, crowd. 'O ka puana 'ana aku i keld ulu lehua, crowding about that lehua grove. A puana maila lakou iaia a puni (2 Oihn. 18.31), they completely surrounded him. p f l ' a u a ' a a a . Same as pu'ali'ali. p u a n a ' I . Front of the neck and throat. KH'awe i ka puana'I, hang by the neck, p u a n a i e a . Weak, sickly. Puanaiea ke kanaka ke hele i ka li'ula, the one going after a mirage becomes weak [don't try for the impossible]. P u a n a - k a u . T h e star Rigel, tutelary star of West Maui. p u a - n f i n f t - h o n u a . An endemic tree (Solanum carterianum), on Oahu only, related to the tomato, having large, downy, oblong leaves, and blue flowers clustered at branch tips. Lit., flower looking [at] earth, p u a - n & n a - i a . The common sunflower (Helianthus annuus), a coarse annual herb, 3 to 15 feet high, from the western United States. I t is a member of the daisy family and has flower heads from 3 to 14 Inches across, the yellow ray florets surrounding a brown-purple center. (Neal 738.) Lit., flower looking [at] sun. P u a n a n e . Name of a star. p Q a n e a n e . Var. spelling of puaaneane. For example see kahoahoa.

puanlea. Obs. var. of

puanaiea.

p u a n l h i . Young taro, taro tops. (AP.) p u a n l k l . 1. T o bind tightly. KVaha puaniki, goblet. 2 . Small wooden bowl, as for an individual serving of poi. p u a n i u . 1. Coconut flower. Hale pua niu, house where offerings of bananas, coconuts, kava were kept, said to be offered in order to deify a deceased person and make him into a lizard god. 2 . Color of the coconut flower; ivory-colored. p Q a n u a n u . Cold, chilly, damp and shivering. Puanuanu ka hale, the house is chilly [of a house where a loved one has died; apology for not serving alcoholic drinks], p u a ' O . Bluster, onslaught, as of high wind or dashing waves; rude, abrupt speech; to speak thus.

a l o h a

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p Q ' a o . 1. Mesh about a quarter to a half inch wide, of mats. 2 . Womb. Cf. lapa pu'ao. Pu'ao pelu, fallen womb, p u a ' o h l . T o chatter, gush, ramble verbally, p u a - ' o l e . Same as 'awela, a flowerless ( p u a 'ole) sugar cane. p u a - P A k e . A genus (Chrysanthemum) in t h e daisy family, including many species of ornamental annual and perennial herbs, with small to large flower heads, which are white to red, yellow, or purple. Most species are from t h e Eastern Hemisphere. (Neal 747.) Cf. haleloke, wailuku. p u a - P a k e - p l h i . Dwarf pua-Pake. p u a - p e p a . The everlasting or straw flower. Lit., paper flower. Also nani-mau-loa. p u a - p l h i . All kinds of zinnias, especially one (Zinnia elegans), a Mexican annual grown ornamentally for the flowers. T h e flower heads are two to five inches across, single and daisylike, or double and somewhat round, and of various colors. In Hawaii is also found a wild species (Z. pauciflora), from Mexico and South America, with inch-wide, single flower heads, the central florets yellow, the rays yellow, red, or purple. (Neal 736.) Lit., button flower. p u a - p l l i p ! U . T h e Spanish clover ( D e s m o d i u m uncinatum), a South American herb, long established in Hawaii. I t is good fodder. T h e plant is one to three feet high, each leaf having three ovate leaflets with a light area along the midrib. Flowers are small, pink or whitish, pea-shaped. Pods are narrow, flattened, chainlike, one to two Inches long, clinging to clothing and animals. (Neal 395.) Also called kikania-pipili. p u a - p l l o . Same as maiapilo, a plant, p f i ' a p i p l . Herd of cattle. p u a p o ' o . Comb or crest of a bird, as of a chicken. Lit., head issue, p u a p u . Same as apuapu, file, p u a p u a . 1. Tail feathers, as of a cock; rump, as of a chicken; streamer; coattails; this word is used as a means of avoiding answering questions; Aia 'oia i hea? Aia i ka puapua. Where is he? Gone to get tail feathers. Kuka puapua, swallow-tailed coat. 2 . Redup. of pua. ¿. h o ' o p u a p u a . Redup. of ho'opua-, to appear again and again. 3 . Spike in the back of sphinx moths. 4 . Same as pupua, 3. 5 . A variety of banana, p u ' a p u ' a . Tasteless; not tasty, p u ' a p t t ' a . Redup. of pU'a, 1, 5. p u a p u a ' a . Plural of pua'a, 2. Mehe ao puapua'a la ke aloha e kau nei (Laie 605), like cloud banks is the love settling here, p u a p u a ' a . Piglet. Kaka'i ka pua pua'a i ka mdlie, he 'ino, when the little pigs follow in the calm, it is bad weather [pun on puapua'a clouds piling up in the sky], p u a p u a ' l . Redup. of pua'i-, to pour continuously or often. E puapua'i mai anei ka wai 'ono? (lak. 3.11), does sweet water pour forth? p u ' a p u ' a l a . Redup. of pu'ala, l, 2. p u a p u a - m o a . 1. Long-tailed dinner coat. 2 . A kind of adder's-tongue fern (Ophioglossum pendulum), found in Polynesia westward into Madagascar, commonly growing on trees. I t has ribbon-like fronds, erect or bent and hanging, two feet long or less, some bearing short, narrow, spore-fllled spikes, p u a p u a m o a . Tail feathers of a chicken, p u a p u a - n u l . A variety of banana, p u a p u p u p u . Double flowering. p Q ' a u . Ti-leaf blossom stem. (HP 206.) Rare. p u a ' u l a . Young kumU or 'ahvluhulu, fish, p u a ' u ' u . Masturbation; to masturbate. Lit., to pull issue. p u a w a . 1 . Same as pua awa, young awa, fish. 2 . Same as kuawa, guava. p O ' a w a . 1. Young white pandanus leaves that are good for plaiting. 2 . Bitter; bitterness. Obs.

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p u h e m o

pO ' a w a . K a v a plant or root portion. F o r example see 'ike. p t k ' a w a ' a w a . Redup. of pU'awa, 1. p u ' a w a l . Spittle, slobber, spray. Obs. p u a w e . Same as awe, thin, soft. Obs. p Q a w e a w e . Bedup. of puawe. Obs. p u e . 1. T o huddle or sit crouched, as with cold. Intrans. h o ' o p u e . Causative/simulative. Trans., intrans. '0 ka pua 'ilima i kui 'ia, ka'u e ho'opue net » ka poli (song), the 'ilima blossoms strung in a lei, that I press to my heart. Ho'opue au i ke ko'eko'e, 1 sit huddled up with cold. 2 . Feathers on the back of a bird above the puapua, tall feathers, p u ' e . 1. Hill, as of sweot potatoes; dune; to hill up. Cf. pu'eone. (I'robably P P N puke, P M P bukid.) 2. T o attack, force, ravish, rape, compel. Keiki pu'e, boy or youth who ravishes women. (Puk. 22.16.) 3 . A lobelia (Lobelia guudichaudii var. kauaensis) found only in mountains of Kauai. The stem, three to six feet high, bears a tuft of narrow leaves six inches long, and three or four racemes of large flowers, whitish streaked with purple, p u ' e ' c k e . T o shrink away from, to wrinkle up the nose, as in distaste; to shorten, contract. Intrans. h o ' o p u ' e ' e k e . Causative/simulative, p u ' e ' e n a . Glowing, as lire. Pu'e'ena maila ka lua i ke akua (chant of Ka'u chiefs), the pit glows because of the goddess, p u e h u . 1. Scattered, dispersed, routed, gone; fine, crumbling; every which way, as hair in the wind. a lawu. inn a kena, puehu 'oe, eat until satisfied, drink until replete, all gone! Ua puehu ka hulu o ka rnanu, iho feathers of the bird have scattered [said of ono who has left in a hurry]. No Ilanunia'ulu ka ipu puehu, an empty calabash at Hanama'ulu [no hospitality at Hanama'ulu, orobably a play on ma'ulu, tired], h o ' o p u e h u . T o scatter, disperse, rout, blow away, crumble; blown away, gone. Trans. 2 . Peeling, as sunburn. 3. Remainder, remnant. Obs. 'Elua a puehu, two and a little over. A 'o ka puehu ka mea i puehu oku o na pale o ua uhi la. a ka hapalua o ka pale puehu, e kau no ia ma ke kua o ka halelewa (Puk. 26.12), and the remnant that remained of the curtains of the tent, the half of the remaining curtain, it shall hang a t the back of the tabernacle. p f l e h u e h u . Redup. of puehu, 1, 2, 5; tousled; flaky. Hau puehuehu, snowfiake. Mahuna ka 'Hi, nakaka puehuehu 'ino'ino loa ke nana aku, the skin is flaked, cracked and peeling, unpleasant to look at. Puehuehu ka la. komo 'ino'ino (Malo 2X6), the sun is routed, storms enter. p t l ' e k e . Same as puliki, to gird, p u e o . 1. Hawaiian short-eared owl (/Isio flammeus sandwichensis), sometimes regarded as a deity. (Isa. 34.11.) Keiki a ka pueo, child of an owl (one whose father is not known], 2 . Short (perhaps so called because the owl's neck was short). Cf. hue-nuku-pueo. 'Oki pueo 'ia ka lauoho, hair cut short. 3 . Same as 'ahopueo, main purlin of a house. Ku'u manu noho pu me ke kanaka: pueo (riddle), my bird living with people: owl [pun on 'ahopueo). 4 . T o rock a child on the foot; while doing this one amused the child by chanting pueoeo. 5. Shroud of a ship or canoe. 6. See papa-pueo, a taro. Other names recorded (HP 34) are pueo-halenalena and pueo-ke'oke'o. p f l e o e o . Redup. of pueo, h; to rock a child, p u ' e o n e . Sand dune, sand bar. Ku'u ipo i ka he'e pu'eone (song), my sweetheart surfing [over the] sand bar [referring to the old sport of surfing up into the very mouth of a stream], p u e p u e . Redup. of pue, 1. p u ' e p u ' e . Redup. of pu'e, 1, i. p u e p u e h u . Same as puehuehu. p u e w a . T o float, drift, as carried by wind or tide; a vagabond. Rare.

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p u ' e w a l . Agitated water, as under a waterfall or a t the meeting of stream and sea. Cf. he'e pu'ewai. p u ' e w a l e . To force, attack, rape. E ku'u kaikunane, mai pu'e wale mai 'oe ia'u (2 Sam. 13.12), my brother, do not force me. pflh&. 1. Abscess, burst sore, ulcer; to break, burst. Ua pa'aptt ko'u kino i ka ilo a me ka papa'a lepo, a laila puha hou a'ela (Ioba 7.5), my body Is covered with worms and filthy clots and then breaks out afresh. 2. Hollow, as a tree. Noho ihola lakou maloko o na puha la'au (Laie 431), they then lived within hollow trees. 3 . T o belch, clear the throat, hawk up phlegm. 4. T o breathe air, as a sea turtle. Puha hewa ka honu i ka la makani, the turtle breathes at the wrong moment on a windy day [one who says the wrong thing]. 5 . A brown seaweed (Colpomenia sinuosa), cusuion-shaped, hollow, surface smooth and uneven; not eaten. Cf. nakeke. pQh&'a'ft. Spots, as uncooked spots in taro; light spots on a cowry shell; to burst forth, as light. Obs. p u h a a k a k a l e a . Malo s spelling of puhaka-kaiea. (Malo 40.) pQh3h