Exploring IBM eserver iSeries 9781885068989, 1-885068-98-0

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“...indisputably the most authoritative

Exploring IBM iSeries

account of the ins and out of [iSeries] computing.”

—Small Computer Book Club

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ELEVENTH EDITION

The Instant Insider’s Guide to IBM’s Popular Mid-range Servers Foreword by Al Zollar, General Manager, IBM

iSeries

Jim Hoskins and Roger Dimmick Team-Fly®

Over 80,000 copies sold!

Exploring IBM ~ iSeries Eleventh Edition

Other Titles of Interest From Maximum Press Exploring IBM e-Business Software: Second Edition: Young, 1-931644-00-4 Exploring IBM Technology, Products, & Services, Fifth Edition: Hoskins, 1-885068-82-4 Exploring IBM ~ pSeries, Eleventh Edition: Hoskins & Bluethman, 1-885068-81-6 Exploring IBM ~ xSeries, Twelfth Edition: Hoskins, Wilson & Winkel, 1-885068-83-2 Exploring IBM ~ zSeries and S/390 Servers, Eighth Edition: Hoskins & Frank, 1-885068-91-3 Exploring IBM Network Stations: Ho, Lloyd, & Heracleous, 1-885068-32-8 Building Intranets With Lotus Notes and Domino 5.0, Third Edition: Krantz, 1-885068-41-7 Internet Marketing for Your Tourism Business: Sweeney, 1-885068-47-6 Marketing With E-Mail, Third Edition: Kinnard, 1-885068-68-9 Business-to-Business Internet Marketing, Fourth Edition: Silverstein, 1-885068-72-7 Marketing on the Internet, Sixth Edition: Zimmerman, 1-885068-80-8 101 Internet Businesses You Can Start From Home: Sweeney, 1-885068-59-X The e-Business Formula for Success: Sweeney, 1-885068-60-3 101 Ways to Promote Your Web Site, Fourth Edition: Sweeney, 1-885068-90-5 Internet Marketing for Information Technology Companies, Second Edition: Silverstein, 1-885068-67-0 Internet Marketing for Less Than $500/Year, Second Edition: Yudkin, 1-885068-69-7 The Business Guide to Selling Through Internet Auctions: Hix, 1-885068-73-5 For more information, visit our Web site at www.maxpress.com or e-mail us at [email protected]

Exploring IBM ~ iSeries Eleventh Edition

The Instant Insider’s Guide to IBM’s Popular Mid-range Servers

Jim Hoskins Roger Dimmick

MAXIMUM PRESS 605 Silverthorn Road Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 (850) 934-0819 www.maxpress.com

Publisher: Jim Hoskins Manager of Finance/Administration: Joyce Reedy Production Manager: Gina Cooke Cover Design: Lauren Smith Copyeditor: Ellen Faulk Proofreader: Jacquie Wallace Indexer: Susan Olason Printer: P.A. Hutchison This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If legal, accounting, medical, psychological, or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. ADAPTED FROM A DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES OF A JOINT COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND PUBLISHERS. Copyright 2003 by Maximum Press. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, Maximum Press. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, it is a policy of Maximum Press to have books of enduring value published in the United States printed on acid-free paper, and we exert our best efforts to that end. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hoskins, Jim. Exploring IBM eserver iSeries / Jim Hoskins and Roger Dimmick.— 11th ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Exploring IBM eserver iSeries and AS/400e computers. 10th ed. 2001. Includes index. ISBN 1-885068-98-0 1. IBM microcomputers. I. Dimmick, Roger, 1932- II. Hoskins, Jim. Exploring IBM eserver iSeries. III. Title. QA76.8.I1015 H668 2002 004.1’45—dc21 2002151309

Acknowledgments Many “IBMers” assisted us in preparing the eleventh edition of this book despite their demanding schedules. Some provided information about their products. Others read the manuscript and provided helpful comments. To all those who assisted, we thank you. We would especially like to thank John Plansky, Dianne Moench, and Joseph McCoy for helping coordinate this edition. We would also like to thank Bill Schaffer in Boulder CO, Scott Frederick and Dick Odell in Rochester.

Disclaimer The purchase of computer software or hardware is an important and costly business decision. While the author and publisher of this book have made reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the information contained herein, the author and publisher assume no liability with respect to loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused by reliance on any information contained herein and disclaim any and all warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or reliability of said information. This book is not intended to replace the manufacturer’s product documentation or personnel in determining the specifications and capabilities of the products mentioned in this book. The manufacturer’s product documentation should always be consulted, as the specifications and capabilities of computer hardware and software products are subject to frequent modification. The reader is solely responsible for the choice of computer hardware and software. All configurations and applications of computer hardware and software should be reviewed with the manufacturer’s representatives prior to choosing or using any computer hardware and software.

Trademarks The words contained in this text which are believed to be trademarked, service marked, or otherwise to hold proprietary rights have been desig-

nated as such by use of initial capitalization. No attempt has been made to designate as trademarked or service marked any personal computer words or terms in which proprietary rights might exist. Inclusion, exclusion, or definition of a word or term is not intended to affect, or to express judgement upon, the validity of legal status of any proprietary right which may be claimed for a specific word or term.

Foreword

Designing a computing system that is easy to manage, offers an extensive portfolio of industry-specific solutions and provides mainframe-class security and reliability might seem like an almost impossible task. And yet, these are the exact design points that have inspired an enduring success story in an industry where progress is often measured only by the next crank of the technology. Make no mistake about it. Technology is essential. It has put the power of yesterday’s room-sized computer into today’s laptop. But the secret behind a computing architecture based on simplicity, integration and speed of deployment goes much deeper. Its roots are found in the people who write applications for the architecture, and the customers who use it. Since I joined IBM 26 years ago as a systems engineer, I have always been in awe of the technical innovation of our IBM development team in Rochester, Minnesota. Rochester’s pioneering work with the System/38 and AS/400 included delivering an object oriented architecture before most people even knew what objects were. Rochester delivered single level storage and a virtualized machine architecture before people could imagine the possibility of their being adapted into logical partitioning and capacity on demand features that we offer on today’s iSeries servers. Rochester listened when customers asked for a simple solution— one that would allow them to spend their time managing their businesses and not their computers. They listened when iSeries business partners asked for the kind of reliability and quality that would distinguish their solutions from those of their competitors. And they listened again when customers asked them to protect their application investments, by continuing to enhance their offerings while resisting the temptation to start from scratch. The incredible ability to adopt new technology is, perhaps, what is so exciting for me about the iSeries. It’s adaptability has enabled it to take on the challenges of multiple computing generations, the latest of which we see as the era of e-business on demand. When IBM established the concept of e-business in 1996, it was clear that the global economy was on the verge of an enduring, tech-

nology-led business revolution. The early phase of that e-business revolution was characterized by simple strategies such as publishing product information to the Internet and the first simple web-based transactions. The second, integrating phase of e-business adoption was marked by strategies to link internal processes end-to-end and by companies connecting across the Web to their external value nets. Today, the industry is moving into a new era of e-business, the on-demand era. Now companies are driven by the need to optimize their e-business operations, dynamically responding to the needs of customers, partners and employees. With the high pressure and fast-moving nature of today’s on-demand world, a business must be agile enough to adjust to constant change. That’s why we’ve rapidly adapted the iSeries to help customers meet the challenges of the on-demand era. iSeries is pioneering new on-demand technologies, like On/Off Capacity on Demand, and has become a multiplatform server that runs multiple operating systems simultaneously, dynamically adjusting to changing e-business requirements. Exactly what you need to thrive in today’s on demand era. Al Zollar, General Manager, IBM eServer iSeries

Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

Introduction .......................................................................................... xvii What This Book Is ......................................................................... xvii What This Book Is Not .................................................................. xvii How to Use This Book ................................................................. xviii Your “Members Only” Web Site .................................................... xix A Glance Backward ......................................................................... xx

Chapter 1: IBM eServer iSeries

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IBM’s e-business on demand Strategy ................................................ 1 Open Standards ......................................................................... 2 Integration ................................................................................. 2 Virtualization ............................................................................. 3 Autonomic Computing .............................................................. 3 IBM’s eServer and TotalStorage Strategy ........................................... 4 Pervasive Computing ......................................................................... 5 About IBM eServer iSeries ................................................................. 7 What Makes Up an iSeries System? ................................................... 7 Advanced Application Architecture ................................................... 9 Meet the Family ............................................................................... 12 iSeries Model Specifics ..................................................................... 16 iSeries Model 800 (i800) Specifics ............................................ 16 Model 800 Value ............................................................. 16 Model 800 Standard ........................................................ 17 Model 800 Advanced ....................................................... 18 iSeries Model 810 Specifics ...................................................... 18 iSeries Model i825 Specifics ..................................................... 21 iSeries Model i870 Specifics ..................................................... 24 iSeries Model i890 Specifics ..................................................... 28 Capacity on Demand (CoD) ............................................................ 31 iSeries Dedicated Servers for Domino ...................................... 31 iSeries for Domino Model i810D ..................................... 32 iSeries for Domino Model i825D ..................................... 34

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Performance Overview .................................................................... 34 Benchmark Testing .................................................................. 34 Server vs. Interactive Environments ......................................... 36 Typical Business Workload Performance (CPW) .............. 36 Interactive Performance ................................................... 36 iSeries for Domino Benchmarks ....................................... 37 A Closer Look ................................................................................. 38 Hardware Architecture Overview ............................................ 39 Power Microprocessors ................................................................... 44 The SStar Microprocessor ................................................ 46 The POWER4 Microprocessor ........................................ 48 Processor Core Overview ............................................ 49 Storage Hierarchy .................................................................... 51 Main Storage ........................................................................... 52 Storage Management ............................................................... 53 Auxiliary Storage ..................................................................... 54 Diskette Storage ............................................................... 55 Disk Storage ..................................................................... 55 Optical Libraries .............................................................. 58 Tape Storage .................................................................... 58 OptiConnect ............................................................................ 59 OptiMAL Connect .................................................................. 61 System Availability Functions .................................................. 62 OS/400 Subsystems and Logical Partitioning ................... 64 Multisystem Coupling ...................................................... 68 Data Resiliency and Application Resiliency ..................... 68 Continuous Availability Clustering .................................. 68 Disaster Tolerance ............................................................ 71 Upgrade Paths ......................................................................... 72 Upgrading within a Model ............................................... 72 Upgrading through a System Unit Swap .......................... 72 Upgrades between Models ............................................... 73 Packaging Technology ............................................................. 73 Fiber Optic Bus ....................................................................... 74

Chapter 2: Options and Peripherals

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Workstations ................................................................................... 76 InfoWindow II Workstations ................................................... 77

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Operations Console ................................................................. 77 Personal Computer (PC) Terminal Emulation ......................... 78 Retail Workstations ................................................................. 80 Printers ............................................................................................ 81 Combined-Function I/O Processor ................................................... 84 Integrated xSeries Server .................................................................. 85 xSeries Server ........................................................................... 92 Workstation Adapters .............................................................. 93 LAN-Connected Terminals ...................................................... 94 Auxiliary Storage Options ............................................................... 94 Disk Storage Overview ............................................................ 95 Model 2105 Enterprise/Versatile Storage Server .............. 96 Disk Adapters .................................................................. 97 Tape Storage ............................................................................ 99 IBM TotalStorage Ultrascalable Tape Library #3584 .. 100 Auxiliary Storage Controllers ................................................ 103 Optical Storage Overview ..................................................... 103 The #3995 Optical Library ............................................ 104 DVD/CD-ROM ............................................................. 105 Communications Options .............................................................. 106 Local Area Networks............................................................. 107 Ethernet ......................................................................... 107 Token-Ring Local Area Networks ................................. 108 Asynchronous Transfer Mode ........................................ 109 Wide Area Networks ............................................................. 110 Modems ................................................................................. 111 Power and Packaging Options ....................................................... 112 UPS for Models 270 and 820 ................................................ 112 Packaging Expansion Features .............................................. 113 iSeries Rack-Mount Capabilities .................................... 113 Cryptographic Processors .............................................................. 113

Chapter 3: iSeries Software

115

Software Architecture Overview .................................................... 115 How the Software Layers Are Different ................................ 119 Will AS/400 and S/3X Programs Work? ................................ 121 Inside Application Compatibility ........................................... 122 Application Programs .................................................................... 123

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Can Prewritten Programs Fit the Bill? ................................... 123 Cross-Industry Application Programs .................................... 124 Data Warehousing ......................................................... 124 Data Mining .................................................................. 125 Collaborative Computing .............................................. 127 Portable Application Solution Environment ................... 129 AFP PrintSuite ................................................................ 130 Advanced Print Utility (APU) .................................... 131 Page Printer Formatting Aid (PPFA) .......................... 131 AFP Toolbox .............................................................. 131 SAP R/3 AFP Print ..................................................... 132 Industry-Specific Application Programs................................. 132 Custom Application Programs ....................................... 133

Chapter 4: Operating Systems

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Introduction to Operating System Concepts .................................. 135 OS/400—An Executive Overview .................................................. 136 A Closer Look at OS/400 .............................................................. 137 Integrated File System ............................................................ 138 Stream Files .................................................................... 141 File System Support........................................................ 142 Network File System ...................................................... 143 Remote File System ........................................................ 144 CICS Transaction Server for iSeries (5769-DFH) ........... 145 Client for Windows NT/2000 File System .................. 146 DB2 Universal DataBase (UDB) for iSeries ........................... 146 What Is a Relational Database? ..................................... 147 Records and Fields ..................................................... 147 Physical and Logical Files .......................................... 148 Concurrency and Lock Management ......................... 151 DB2 UDB Details and Components ............................... 152 DB2 Query Manager and SQL Development Kit ........... 153 DB2 Symmetric Multiprocessing (DB2 SMP) ............ 154 DB2 UDB Extenders for iSeries ................................. 155 DB2 OLAP Server ..................................................... 155 QMF for Windows for iSeries .................................... 156 DB2 Data Propagator ................................................ 156 Database Monitor ...................................................... 156

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ODBC ....................................................................... 157 iSeries ODBC Driver for Linux ................................. 157 JDBC ......................................................................... 158 Data Striping ............................................................. 158 DCE Base Services/400 .............................................. 159 Distributed Data Management .............................................. 162 Content Manager OnDemand for iSeries (5722-RD1) ........................................... 162 Communications Support ...................................................... 162 TCP/IP ........................................................................... 163 Virtual Private Networks ........................................... 168 Systems Network Management ...................................... 170 Systems Network Architecture ....................................... 171 Wireless Local Area Network ........................................ 172 S/390 Communications Support .................................... 172 iSeries Access Family (5722-XW1) ........................................ 173 iSeries Access for Windows ............................................ 181 iSeries Access for the Web .............................................. 185 XML Toolkit for iSeries (5733-XT1) ......................... 186 WebSphere Host Access Transformation Server ............. 187 iSeries Access for Wireless .............................................. 187 WebSphere Host Publisher V4 ....................................... 187 Lotus Notes Client Support ....................................... 188 Commitment Control and Journaling ............................ 188 Backup/Recovery ................................................................... 189 Tivoli Storage Manager V5.1 ......................................... 191 Backup Recovery and Media Services/400 ..................... 192 BRMS Network Feature ............................................ 194 BRMS Advanced Functions Feature ........................... 194 System-Managed Access Path Protection ....................... 195 Hierarchical Storage Management ................................. 196 Systems Management ............................................................. 197 iSeries Navigator ............................................................ 197 SystemView System Manager/400 .................................. 202 Management Central ..................................................... 203 System-Detected Software Problems .......................... 205 Management Central Methodology ............................ 205 Management Central Pervasive ...................................... 206 Enterprise Identity Mapping (EIM) ................................ 208 iSeries Performance Tools .............................................. 208

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PATROL for iSeries—Predict .................................... 209 NetFinity for iSeries ................................................... 211 WebSphere Development Studio ............................................ 212 WebSphere Studio for iSeries ......................................... 215 WebSphere Studio Workbench ................................... 216 WebSphere Studio Site Developer Advanced .............. 216 Web Services .............................................................. 216 WebSphere Development Studio Client ...................... 216 Integrated Language Environment (ILE) ........................ 219 Application Development ToolSet (ADTS) ............................ 219 Application Development Tools—Printing ..................... 220 Advanced Function Printing (AFP) ........................................ 222 Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS) ........................... 222 IBM Infoprint Server for iSeries ..................................... 223 IBM Infoprint Designer for iSeries ................................. 225 The iSeries Kernel Threads .................................................... 226 Application Environments ............................................. 226 Frameworks ............................................................... 226 OpenDoc ................................................................... 230 ORB Support ............................................................. 230 Java ............................................................................ 231 Product Preview—Altered Program Objects .............. 238 Linux for iSeries ............................................................. 239 Globalization ................................................................................. 241 Unicode ................................................................................. 241 International Components for Unicode .......................... 242 Grid Computing ............................................................................ 244

Chapter 5: iSeries Communications and e-business— An Introduction

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Computer Communications in the Office— An Introduction ......................................................................... 245 iSeries Extreme Support Personalized ............................................ 246 Universal Connection ............................................................ 247 IBM Electronic Service Agent for iSeries (Service Agent) 248 IBM Electronic Customer Support Communications............. 248 Filter Lists ...................................................................... 250 System Clustering .................................................................. 251 ObjectConnect for iSeries ...................................................... 253

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IBM’s Overall Networking Blueprint ............................................. 253 Application Support Layer .................................................... 255 Multi-Vendor Application Program Interfaces ............... 255 The Common Program Interface (CPI-C) .................. 256 The Remote Procedure Call ....................................... 257 The Messaging and Queuing Interface (MQSeries) .... 257 Transport Layer Security (TLS) ............................................. 259 e-business ............................................................................... 260 Network Quality of Service (QoS) ................................. 261 Intranet .................................................................................. 263 IBM SecureWay: iSeries and the Internet ....................................... 263 Cryptographic Access Provider .............................................. 264 Digital Signatures .................................................................. 266 HTTP Server for iSeries ......................................................... 266 HTTP Server for iSeries—Powered by Apache ...................... 270 Digital Certificate Manager with SSL ............................ 272 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) .................................................... 273 Security Wizard ..................................................................... 274 Firewalls ................................................................................ 275 iSeries and the Internet .......................................................... 276 IBM WebSphere Application Server for iSeries (WAS) ... 278 WebSphere Host Integration ...................................... 279 WebSphere Application Server—Express for iSeries ....... 279 Telephone Directory V5.1 for iSeries ......................... 281 Web Services Object Runtime Framework (WORF) .. 281 Net.Data ........................................................................ 282 WebSphere Commerce Suite .......................................... 283 Domino 5.0.5 for iSeries ........................................................ 285 Domino-Licensed Program Server Choices .................... 289 Domino-Licensed Program Client Choices ..................... 289 iNotes ........................................................................ 289 Notes ......................................................................... 290 Domino Designer ....................................................... 290 iNotes with Domino Per Server CAL......................... 290 OS/400 Directory Server ....................................................... 290

Chapter 6: iSeries and Your Business

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What Are My Business Computing Needs? ................................... 293 Choosing the Software ................................................................... 294

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Choosing the Hardware ................................................................. 296 Small Business Environment, Manufacturing— Bob’s Gearbox Co. ............................................................ 297 Medium Business Environment—Johnson & Thornbush ...... 299 Hardware Configuration ............................................... 302 Johnson & Thornbush Software Scenario ...................... 302 Large Business Environment—Atole Enterprises ................... 304 Atole Solution Scenario .................................................. 304 Dedicated Server for Domino Web Serving Environments .... 307 Server Selection ...................................................................... 309 The Competitive View of 64-Bit Processing ........................... 310 The Business Decisions .................................................................. 311 Cost Justification ................................................................... 312 Hardware Maintenance ................................................. 312 Software Maintenance ................................................... 313 Technical Support .......................................................... 313 Facilities ......................................................................... 313 Education/Training ........................................................ 314 Communications Line Costs .......................................... 314 Environmental Costs ...................................................... 314 Enhancing Applications ................................................. 314 Benefits .................................................................................. 315 Improved Business Cycle ................................................ 315 Inventory Reduction ...................................................... 315 Improved Productivity ................................................... 315 Improved Quality ........................................................... 316 Improved Customer Service ........................................... 316 Competitive Advantage .................................................. 316 Lease or Buy? ........................................................................ 318 Education .............................................................................. 319 Security .................................................................................. 321 Loss Prevention .............................................................. 323 Theft Prevention ............................................................ 324 Service ........................................................................................... 325 Migrating from System/3X and AS/400 to iSeries .......................... 326 Software Maintenance ........................................................... 326 Sizing a Replacement iSeries .................................................. 327

Introduction

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Introduction

What This Book Is This book is dedicated to IBM’s midsize business computers—namely, the IBM eServer iSeries. Here we will help you understand the thinking behind the IBM eServer family and will then focus on the iSeries segment of that family. The iSeries family is introduced in a way that is understandable to the business user. This book will help you see how you can apply iSeries hardware and software to meet today’s business needs. Specific iSeries hardware and software configurations for typical environments are offered. Many important computer automation planning issues are also discussed.

What This Book Is Not Many computer books try to be all things to all people, covering everything from checkbook balancing to the Space Shuttle’s redundant flight computer complex. This book is not a general overview of computers; it is specific to IBM’s iSeries systems (a broad enough subject for any single book). This book is neither a technical reference manual (IBM will sell you that) nor a guide to computer programming. It does, however, provide a good understanding of IBM’s iSeries systems and how to use them in the business environment. Finally, this book does not expect you to be an engineer. Business people are typically short on time and patience as far as technical matters are concerned. Although some technical discussions are necessary, we have tried to keep these as simple and concise as possible while still conveying necessary and useful information.

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How to Use This Book Chapter 1 introduces the IBM eServer iSeries and the thinking behind the IBM eServer family. With its proven reliability and self-managing, self-healing technology, the iSeries servers virtually run themselves, allowing the customer to regain control of Information Technology (IT) costs and deadlines. Changes in e-business are being driven at an unprecedented pace, and it is necessary that the server be able to adapt at the same rate. With logical partitioning and Capacity upgrade on Demand (CUoD), the iSeries has exceptional flexibility. Operating system flexibility enables the iSeries to adapt to all popular environments including: Linux, Windows, WebSphere, and OS/400 today and in 2004 AIX will be added. The iSeries’ on-demand operating environment includes integration, virtualization, open standards, and autonomic computing capabilities. All of the new servers support fully dynamic logical partitioning (LPAR) for OS/400 and Linux. CuoD options are available on iSeries Models i825, i870, and i890 for both temporary and permanent activation of processors. Open standards support includes Java, XML, Linux, TCP/IP, OGSA and Windows-based server management. Technologies that self-diagnose, self-configure, and self-heal much like the human anatomy are included in iSeries servers. OS/400 V5R2 includes extensive self-managed technology features automatic performance adjustment, and single sign-on with Enterprise Identity Mapping. SQE delivers self-optimizing queries tuned for the most complex business applications. After a quick overview of the iSeries line, we move in for a glance at the technology behind iSeries. A section on performance and benchmarks is included to assist in comparing the iSeries family of computers against competitive computers. Chapter 2 surveys the many hardware options available for iSeries systems, including terminals, printers, disk expansion, and communications. The section on I/O devices and adapters is provided primarily as a reference to help you identify and select the proper options for your iSeries system. Chapter 3 describes the workings of the three types of programs necessary to do productive work with iSeries computers—application programs, operating systems, and System Licensed Internal Code (SLIC)—and continues with a discussion of application programs. The question of “prewritten” versus “custom” application programs is addressed.

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Chapter 4 takes a closer look at the OS/400 operating system used on the iSeries. First, basic operating system concepts are discussed in terms of their usefulness in the business environment. Then the iSeries operating system products are described including: the integrated file system, DB2 UDB for iSeries, iSeries Navigator, iSeries Access, communications support, systems management features, advanced function printing, Management Central, WebSphere Development Studio, open standards-based interoperability, object-oriented programming languages (Java, C, C++), and Linux for OS/400. WebFacing discusses the process of moving the green-screen 5250 applications to an Internet environment as well as the tools to make that movement efficient. Emerging Internet technologies like grid computing, Unicode, and International Components of Unicode (ICU) are introduced. Chapter 5 shows how specific iSeries options and software products are used to participate in the computer communications environments commonly found in businesses. The emphasis of Chapter 5 has shifted from communications to e-business, encompassing both business-to-business and business-to-customer. Included discussions are HTTP Server Powered by Apache, WebSphere Application Services, and WebSphere Commerce Studio. The SecureWay for iSeries and Secure Sockets Layer security services are discussed. Chapter 6 discusses issues related to the selection of iSeries hardware and software for small, medium, and large businesses as well as a Dedicated Server for Domino growth scenario. Hypothetical businesses are outfitted with the appropriate iSeries configurations. Important topics such as user training, ergonomics, security, maintenance, leasing versus buying, and cost justification are then discussed. In particular, iSeries online education and security and its importance in an Internet environment have been expanded upon.

Your “Members Only” Web Site The iSeries world changes every day. That’s why there is a companion Web site associated with this book. On this site you will find updates to the book and other iSeries-related resources of interest to anyone involved with the iSeries. However, you need a user ID and password to access this site.

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To get into the “Members Only” section of the companion Web site, go to the Maximum Press Web site located at www.maxpress.com and follow the links to the companion Web site for this book. When you try to enter, you will be asked for a user ID and password. Type in the following: •

For your user ID, enter: iSeries11e

•

For your password, enter: Costa

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You will then be granted full access to the “Members Only” area. Visit the site often and enjoy the updates and resources with our compliments—and thanks again for buying the book. We ask that you not share the user ID and password for this site with anyone else.

On July 30, 1969, IBM executives from the entire company joined 1,200 IBMers at their plant site in Rochester, Minnesota, to announce the System/3 computer shown in Figure I.1. This system was the first computer totally developed in Rochester. Although only of historical interest today, the System/3 represented some significant advances in the technology of its time. For example, it introduced Monolithic Systems Technology, which allowed engineers to package more circuitry in a smaller space, as well as a punch card one-third normal size that held 20 percent more information. This was the first advancement in punchcard technology in over forty years. To celebrate the announcement of the System/3, Rochester IBMers held a dance featuring Ralph Marterie and his orchestra in a newly constructed building. The Rochester plant, which became a full IBM division in November of that year, was tasked to develop a “low-end” computer family. One System/3, fondly named “Old Reliable,” ran faithfully until it was shut down in September 1973. When it was finally retired, its meter showed that it had run for 15,377.97 hours, representing more run time than any other system in existence at that time. The System/32, shown in Figure I.2, was the next member of the family. It was announced in January 1975 and featured direct keyboard data entry and a display that could present up to six rows of

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Figure I.1.

IBM System/3.

Figure I.2.

IBM System/32.

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text forty characters long. The System/32 had up to 32K of memory and up to 13 MB of fixed-disk storage. The System/34 computer, announced in April 1977, was the first system truly designed to manage multiple (local and remote) workstations (i.e., terminals and printers), each located up to 5,000 feet away from the computer. This allowed it to perform tasks for up to eight local users simultaneously. The System/34, shown in Figure I.3, provided up to 256K of memory and 13 MB of fixed disk. Next came the System/38, announced in October 1978. This represented a divergence from its S/3X predecessors, offering a new architecture optimized for application development productivity. The System/38, shown in Figure I.4, could support up to 32 MB of memory, 14 GB of disk storage, and 256 local workstations. Once again, building on the architectural base of the System/34, the first System/36 was announced in May 1983 (Figure I.5). It grew to support up to 7 MB of main memory, 1.4 GB of disk storage, and 72 local workstations. Other models of the System/36 varying in processing power and capacity were announced over time. Collectively the System/3, System/32, System/34, System/36, and System/38 are known as the System/3X family of computers.

Figure I.3.

IBM System/34.

Introduction

Figure I.4.

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IBM System/38.

The last S/36 model (the 5363) was enhanced and renamed the IBM AS/Entry system. IBM has announced its intention to no longer support the AS/Entry products. This means that they are no longer vital to IBM’s midrange product strategy. On June 20, 1988, IBM unveiled the AS/400 family of products. The AS/400 has close architectural ties with System/38, in most cases providing application program compatibility with both the System/36 and the System/38. The AS/400 Advanced/36 allowed coexistence of the System/36 SSP operating system and applications with the OS/400 operating system and applications. When coexisting, the two operating systems shared a common file system and made calls to use each other’s I/O functions. During its lifetime, the AS/400 system implemented the ApplicationCentric, Open Systems Computing, Client/Server Computing, Distribut-

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Figure I.5.

IBM System/36.

ed Computing Systems, and Network Computing Systems paradigms. Those computing paradigms also exist on the iSeries systems. In October of 2000, IBM introduced the IBM eServer brand under which all future servers would fall. The four lines under the IBM eServer brand became xSeries (Intel processor-based), pSeries (UNIX based and derived from the RS/6000 line), iSeries (derived from the AS/400 family), and zSeries (derived from the S/390 mainframe world). The unified IBM eServer brand reflects the fact that IBM is evolving its whole server line to meet the needs of today’s fast-changing e-business environment.

IBM ~ iSeries

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1 IBM eServer iSeries

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his chapter begins with our exploration of the IBM eServer iSeries family of mid-size servers. Before we focus in on the iSeries however, let’s first pause for a quick look at some key elements in IBM’s overall vision for the future of computing.

IBM’s e-business on demand Strategy IBM has been laser-focused on a concept called e-business on demand ever since their introduction in October of 2002. In many respect, you can already see the results of this focus in today’s iSeries systems (as you will see). And the $10 billion dollars IBM is committing to e-business on demand means that this strategy will increasingly manifest itself in all IBM computer hardware, software, and services over time. At it’s core, e-business on demand refers to a computing infrastructure (hardware, software, and services all working together) that can support today’s business needs and enables the migration of a business down the e-business adoption path. The term “e-business” has come to stand for the huge array of Internet-related techniques and tools a business can use to move itself forward in all areas. e-business represents the “prime mover” of today’s business world offering virtually unlim-

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Exploring IBM ~ iSeries

ited possibilities for the flexible and an inevitable death spiral for those businesses unable or unwilling to take advantage of it. While the typical computing infrastructures in use today meet today’s needs (to a varying degree), many are not prepared to support a highly dynamic, responsive, and integrated business environment—which is exactly where e-business is headed. There are four basic elements to IBM’s overall e-business on demand strategy:

Open Standards The days of locking in to a specific vendor’s proprietary computing architecture are gone. Today, a computing infrastructure needs the flexibility (in vendor choice, information exchange, application integration, application selection, etc.) that only comes when the infrastructure is built around open standards defined by vendor-neutral standard bodies. Standards with names like Java, SQL, XML, and Linux. Most businesses employ more than one type of computer/operating system. Adherence to open standards will enable these different types of systems to work together or “integrate” over time at a lower cost. Other benefits resulting from the adherence to open standards include leveraging investments/skills in existing heterogenous computing infrastructures, speed of deployment for new projects, and freedom of choice. For the same reasons, adherence is also important when selecting storage devices for use in an e-business infrastructure.

Integration By adhering to open standards, you will be laying the groundwork for the end-to-end integration goal of e-business. This integration of key business processes throughout the inner workings of a business, with its’ suppliers, and customers is one of the crown jewels of e-business. So businesses should not allow the construction of independent computer solutions (servers, operating systems, middleware, and applications) without giving careful thought to the ability to integrate these new solution (immediately or in the future) with the rest of the computing infrastructure.

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Virtualization With virtualization, what you see is not what you get. Here we are discussing the need to accommodate change in the e-business environment. In the case of virtualization, a computer system can change the amount and type of resource and the priority a user receives in concert with the changing needs of that user. In its simplest form, virtualization allows for the dynamic allocation of processing power, storage, and other such resources to users based on need. Through this dynamic allocation, the users can get the most out of a given computer system resulting in better service and less wasted resource. Virtualization also is used to “subdivide” a single large computer system into smaller “virtual” computer systems each running possibly different operating systems (e.g. AIX or Linux) and applications. This flexibility along with the reliability afforded by protecting problems in one users “virtual computer” from disrupting the other users play right into the hands of e-business.

Autonomic Computing Autonomic is a term IBM borrowed from the vernacular of the human central nervous system. The goal of autonomic computing is for the computing infrastructure to manage itself just as the central nervous system manages the human body—without our conscious effort. By making computer systems self-optimizing, self healing, self-configuring, and self-protecting, the costs associated with systems management and unscheduled down time are reduced. The more complex the computing system, the more important autonomic computing becomes. Since complexity goes up as you progress along the e-business adoption path— self-managing the complexity is a critical requirement for computing infrastructures going forward. eServer iSeries systems already have some characteristics that make them in line with the e-business on demand strategy as we will see. The ability to automatically activate a spare processor to replace a failing one along with memory error detection and correction help keep iSeries servers running. Over time, more and more elements will be incorporated in iSeries as well as the rest of the eServer families.

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IBM’s eServer and TotalStorage Strategy Underlying IBM’s e-business on demand strategy is a completely revamped line of servers that make up the IBM eServer family and associated storage devices under the IBM TotalStorage brand. The IBM eServer family includes: •

eServer zSeries (replacing the S/390 family) The zSeries is IBM’s family of mainframe servers offering highend capacity, performance, security, and reliability. They are designed to run mission-critical applications for an enterprise.

•

eServer pSeries (replacing the RS/6000 family) The pSeries is IBM’s UNIX server family designed for both traditional business applications and high-performance computing. The pSeries can scale-up in processing power both by upgrading to more powerful models and by linking (clustering) multiple pSeries systems together to achieve supercomputer performance. The pSeries systems can run AIX or Linux operating systems.

•

eServer iSeries (replacing the AS/400 family) The iSeries uses the OS/400 operating system, which includes many functions (Universal DB2 database, security, etc.) that often are separate add-on products for most other computers. This helps reduce the total cost of ownership and makes iSeries systems easier to manage than other computers offering similar power. The iSeries also conforms to open standards and can run both Linux and soon AIX under OS/400.

•

eServer xSeries (replacing the Netfinity family) The xSeries servers use from one to sixteen Intel microprocessors to deliver Windows servers with mainframe-like reliability through IBM’s x-Enterprise architecture.

•

eServer Clusters Clusters are not a separate product line but rather configurations of multiple eServer systems connected together through high-speed links. With clusters, you can combine the performance and capacity of multiple eServer systems while retaining the simplicity of managing them as if they were a single system.

IBM ~ iSeries

•

5

eServer Blades The IBM BladeCenter utilizes Intel microprocessors to make server “blades” that can be clustered together to deliver high performance in a modular and dense rack-mounted package.

The IBM TotalStorage family consists of disk storage devices, tape drives, optical storage devices, and storage software. TotalStorage hardware is designed based on open standards defined by organizations like the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA). As with servers, storage devices that employ open standards provide more flexibility when building and evolving an e-business infrastructure over time. Specialized storage management software helps users deal with issues like information availability, backup, security, and migration of infrequently accessed information to less expensive storage media. The IBM eServer and TotalStorage product lines are both designed to reduce the total cost of owning and operating a business-critical ebusiness computing infrastructure (including the hardware purchase price, software licensing, installation, user training, upgrade requirements, maintenance, power consumption, facilities, systems management resources, etc.). According to a study of the operating e-business infrastructures of twenty-four organizations (ITG, December 2002), using IBM eServer systems in an e-business infrastructure can help to significantly reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) over a five-year period. Lower TCO translates into greater return on e-business infrastructure investments.

Pervasive Computing Pervasive Computing (PvC) is characterized by the need to support a growing set of wireless devices, including PDAs, HDML-based phones, WAP phones, iMode phones, mobile companions, pagers, and so forth. This wave of e-business will provide greater mobility and convenience to users of e-business solutions. The standards for this set of devices and the protocols to be used are still in a state of flux. Pervasive Computing, then, is convenient access, through a new class of appliances, to relevant information, with the ability to take action on it when and where needed. Connectivity is one dimension that governs whether the solution is standalone or is connected in real time to a number of other services

Exploring IBM ~ iSeries

AM FL Y

provided on the wireless network. Client models range from thin clients, where all data and application logic are managed on a central server, to a fatter client, where some of the application code is maintained on the individual mobile device. Data formats represent the various ways application content can be represented as it is transported from an application server to the client device where user interaction occurs. Protocol represents a number of other aspects of a PvC solution, including how application sessions are managed, how user authentication is performed, and how data security is managed between application server and the target client device. There are browser clients, in which case the application runs on a Web browser, not requiring an install on the device, and the logic exists solely on the server. There is also the installed client, in which case the application client is installed on the device and requires support for either Java Micro Edition or C++, sockets, and so forth. In this case the logic is split between the client and the server. The way information is encoded as it is transported to the mobile device can vary from one wireless solution to another. Current protocols include HTML, WML, and XML. Bluetooth is a wireless technology optimized for use between devices in close proximity to each other. Wireless LANs use a standard called 802.11 to enable reasonably high bandwidth (11 MB/s) connectivity between mobile devices and the network. Connectivity support is up to two miles and is often used in factory floor solutions where a number of mobile devices are used to communicate with a central server. Also in the game are the cellular telephone companies and their wireless infrastructure. The iSeries system provides many of the key building blocks required for a pervasive computing solution. The presence of JVM, Management Central Pervasive, and so forth, positions iSeries to be a significant player in pervasive computing. XML parser and XSL stylesheet runtimes as integrated components of OS/400 and the XML extenders for DB2 UDB enable two-way data interchange services between DB2 and XML. WebSphere Transcoding Publisher provides a core set of services to convert Web site content to an optimal form for a number of mobile computing devices. Additional tools are provided to simplify the task of extending existing 5250 solutions to a mobile computing model. IBM’s WebFacing tools and Host Publisher provide support for extending 5250 solutions to the Web to enable existing applications to drive a new class of mobile devices. If your pervasive computing environment is OS/400 V4R5 or V5R1, you need to use transcoding Publisher. If your pervasive environment is V5R2, use iSeries Access for Wireless (5722-XP1).

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About IBM eServer iSeries The IBM eServer iSeries family of products represents IBM’s newest generation of midsize business computing systems. Like their predecessors, the AS/400 family, they are multiuser computer systems, meaning that a single computer can interact with more than one user at a time. At the same time, iSeries computers are servers, meaning that they can offer resources (e.g., disk storage, printers, shared applications, data, Web content, etc.) to other computer users over a network. The server functions of the iSeries are vital in today’s e-business environment. iSeries systems are very popular with well over 650,000 systems shipped to all corners of the globe. In developing the iSeries systems, designers drew from the ease-ofuse, advanced architecture, and productivity features of the AS/400 and then added new functions. In addition to the new application programs developed directly for execution on the iSeries family, many of the application programs developed for the System/36, System/38, and AS/400 computers can be migrated to and used on iSeries systems by applying the migration tools available.

What Makes Up an iSeries System? Many users have no concept of what equipment makes up the computer systems and networks they access daily. Fortunately, it is not necessary for them to know this, just as it is not necessary to understand the inner workings of a carburetor to drive a car. However, it is helpful for our purposes to have a fundamental view of what general elements make up an iSeries system. Figure 1.1 shows the components of a very simple iSeries system configuration. The heart of the system is the system unit, which contains the “brain” that runs the computer programs and controls all activities. People interact with the computer system through terminals—or personal computers (PCs) acting as terminals—that display computer information and allow for keyboard entry. The terminal shown on the left side of the figure is the system console. The system console is a specially designated terminal used by the system operator to manage the day-to-day operations of the computer system. The other terminals are for general-purpose use. The printers shown in the figure are used to generate reports, documents, graphs, and the like. A printer can be a workstation used to fill the needs of

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Terminal

Terminal

System Console

Printer

Twinaxial Cable

Printer User #3

iSeries System Unit

User #1 (Personal System 2)

Figure 1.1.

User #2

Components of a simple iSeries system.

specific user(s), or it can be shared by all users. Both terminals and printers initially were attached to the system unit via twinaxial cable (or twinax), typically laid in the building’s walls or ceiling. In today’s environment, the terminals (or PCs) and printers are attached through many other media including radio communications and telephone wiring. Figure 1.2 shows the packaging used for the iSeries eServer 800. This packaging is typical of the iSeries system line in that it encompasses the primary components of the computer system, including everything necessary to compose an entry system except the terminal functions identified above. Among the elements that distinguish the system from other systems available in the midrange marketplace are the air intake scoops at the bottom and mid area of the unit’s front. The fact that all air intake is through the front cover allows the unit to be placed against walls and desks at either side.

IBM ~ iSeries

Figure 1.2.

9

iSeries eServer Model 800.

Advanced Application Architecture The architecture of a computer is the “structural blueprint” used to guide the design of that computer system. In larger measure, it is this architecture that determines the capabilities of the computer system that implements it. The iSeries computer systems utilize the advanced application architecture which is depicted in Figure 1.3. This architecture was originally implemented on the AS/400 systems, which is one reason iSeries systems are compatible with software written for AS/400 systems. Let’s take a quick look at the seven layers in this architecture. The top layer is the client application layer. This layer provides a method for other application programs perhaps running on other computer systems (called clients) to take advantage of the iSeries server resources. Client computers can be running almost any of today’s operating systems and take advantage of iSeries resources through this top layer

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CLIENT APPLICATIONS

Rapid Application Development

Client & Server Programming Tools

Client/Server Design Point

S/3X ObjectUNIX OS/400 Oriented Server Server Server Applications Applications Applications

Multiple Application Support

OPEN APPLICATION ENVIRONMENT

Open Standards Support

AnyMail

Multimedia

Open Client Access

Open Client Support

Distribution Services

Directories

System View

End-to-End System Management

AnyNet

DB2 Database

SOM/DSOM Objects

Open Networking & Database Support Integrated Midware

OPEN MIDWARE SUPPORT Technology Independent Machine Interface Object-Oriented Kernel Industrial Strength Packaging

Power PC

Server IOPs Hardware

Device IOPs RAID

Technology Independence Commercial Performance Optimization

Figure 1.3.. Advanced application architecture.

of the architecture. It is worth noting that along with the introduction of the iSeries came support for additional client types that are of growing importance in today’s computing environment. For example, iSeries supports Windows through the Integrated xSeries adapter, and PASE, which enables the execution of UNIX-based programs directly on the system. The iSeries also supports Linux—an emerging open system operating system. The second layer is the server layer, which supports client and server programming tools, OS/400 server applications, PC server applications, and object-oriented server applications. In general, this layer enables the distributed computing function, whereby the client application might also execute at the server in whole or in part. The fact that these server functions are equivalent to each other allows them to share data through the iSeries integrated file system, including the DB2 UDB for iSeries relational database. This, along with

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Data Propagator/400, allows flat files and relational files to coexist and PC applications to readily access data, change it, and put it back again, as well as replicate it in whole or in part to a different application. Thus, legacy applications, server applications, and object-oriented applications can coexist in one iSeries computer. Implemented within the third layer as part of the integrated file system are triggers, stored procedures, declarative referential integrity, twophase commit, and long file names. These functions are available not only for the server and open systems interconnect file structures but for all of the file structures supported, improving the total function of the iSeries including legacy applications. The fourth layer is the integrated midware layer, which allows the iSeries to reduce the system management headaches associated in general both with server management and with distributed computing. The integrated midware layer reduces complexity in the following areas: •

Network protocols

•

Database management

•

Security

•

Access to coded and noncoded data (open file system)

•

Enablers for advanced applications such as multimedia

•

Enablers for mail and directory services.

The fifth layer is the technology-independent machine interface, which allows the iSeries to change major hardware and software components of the system without affecting business applications that reside above this layer. This allows the iSeries to change the functions and hardware below this interface without causing users to rewrite or recompile their application programs. Also implemented in this layer are the Logical Partitioning functions, which enable the resources of a single server to appear to be many servers. This ability to appear as many servers allows the user to consolidate multiple systems onto a single system image. The sixth layer is the System Licensed Internal Code (SLIC) and Java Virtual Machine (JVM), now designed in C++, which runs on 64bit microprocessors. This layer allows new hardware to be introduced

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without affecting the applications above the machine interface layer until those applications are ready to exploit the new functions provided. The final layer, the seventh layer, is the hardware layer where the physical devices come together to make a functioning system. Now that we have seen what makes up an iSeries system and glanced at their architecture, let’s take a look at the systems themselves.

Meet the Family Figure 1.4 shows the IBM eServer iSeries family. The “e” in the eServer names for these systems signifies that the systems are capable of supporting the electronic business, or e-business, environment, which means that users can do business over the Internet securely and reliably. Before discussing the characteristics of the servers in the iSeries family, let’s set the scenario for why IBM elected to replace the previous members of the iSeries family with the new models.

Figure 1.4.

iSeries family of eServers.

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IBM anticipates that the server environment of the present and near future is an e-business on-demand environment. That on-demand environment is based on high-pressure and is fast-moving. As a result, it will be necessary for businesses participating in that environment to be flexible enough to adjust to that constant change. The IBM eServer iSeries offers a highly integrated, reliable, multiplatform server capable of running concurrently multiple operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and OS/400. The iSeries line of eServers simultaneously and dynamically adjusts to the demands imposed by the changing requirements of an e-business. This flexibility allows a business to regain control of its Information Technology through proven reliability and self-management, system-healing technology, in which iSeries servers almost run themselves. An e-business can adapt to change with the iSeries flexibility to support all the popular operating environments including Linux, Windows, WebSphere, and OS/400 today, and in the future AIX without limitations. As the demands on your business vary, iSeries eServers have the ability to respond to that demand through Capacity Upgrade on Demand (CUoD) and logical partitioning. Capacity Upgrade on Demand can be permanent or temporary. The dynamic workload manager automatically balances system performance. There can be up to 32 dynamic logical partitions per server, and a uniprocessor can have up to ten Linux or OS/400 partitions. Finally, storage can be dynamically added to active Windows servers. The new iSeries eServers offer an 80% improvement in price performance over the previous line of iSeries eServers. The Options packages provided with these systems simplify product choice, and as a rule there is unrestricted interactive 5250 CPW with the Enterprise package. The software pricing tiers have been simplified so that only a single software tier is associated with an individual processor, as opposed the having multiple tiers based on the interactive capacity defined by the interactive card purchased with a processor. New high performance I/O adapters reduce the cost of many entry-level server environments (see Chapter 2 for additional details). iSeries servers as a group offer new tools for managing e-business, application flexibility, and new technology, which offers leading-edge server performance. The iSeries system microprocessors are based on copper-interconnect and silicon-on-insulator technologies, which are innovations in the semiconductor industry. These technologies result in denser packages, lower power consumption, and higher performance. Also implemented in these systems is a memory-switching technology with switch speeds up to 36 GB per second. High-speed links

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on these systems allow data transfer between I/O devices and other systems at rates up to 1 GBps (gigabyte per second). The iSeries intelligent integration of these technologies allows businesses to benefit from enterprise-class computing without the “enterprise-size” IT support staff. The iSeries architecture features a flexible operating environment that concurrently runs any combination of AS/400, ported UNIX applications, Linux, Windows, Domino, or Java applications. When that flexibility is combined with the inherent iSeries workload management capabilities, Logical Partitioning (LPAR), and the integration of IBM xSeries, the iSeries enables businesses to run several diverse application environments on one physical machine. Choices are provided with regard to whether a business should expand an existing server farm, maintain the existing server farm, or consolidate server footprints on the iSeries for simplified management, increased availability, or lower total cost of ownership. The iSeries also offers businesses the freedom to grow without disruption through Capacity Upgrade on Demand features on the Model 825, 870, and 890. These features enable a customer to activate immediate incremental processing power non-disruptively, when it is needed, and pay for it only when initiated. The activation may be made permanent if the customer perceives that the required processor power is needed on a continuous basis. The customer also has the option to use the additional processing power on a temporary basis, activating the needed processing power as required, in which case the customer pays only a daily charge (See the paragraph which follows on capacity on demand). Five basic computers form the core of the IBM iSeries family: the Model 800 server versions with two processor options and three software package options and the four server models—810, 825, 870, and 890. The dedicated Domino Server models are derived from the Models 810 and 825. The Models 810, 825, 870, and 890 no longer have any restrictions on interactive activity, i.e., the full CPW available on these models can be used for client server or interactive processing up to the limit of the processing capacity. IBM has chosen to separately classify the 800, 810, 825, 870, and 890, and the dedicated Domino servers 810D and 825D, as iSeries eServers. The “i” in iSeries stands for intelligent integration, featuring open-system functions that are built into the operating system and are pretested for reliable, turnkey function. The integrated functions include Web servers (IBM HTTP server and HTTP Server powered by Apache discussed in greater detail in Chapter 5, Web application server

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(WebSphere Standard Edition), JVM (Java Virtual Machine), database (IBM DB2 Universal database for iSeries discussed in greater detail in Chapter 4), communications (TCP/IP), OS/400 PASE, e-business security, and Linux (TCP/IP and PASE are discussed in greater detail in Chapters 4 and 3 respectively). This intelligent integration enables businesses to deploy solutions faster, with greater reliability and lower cost of ownership, while providing superior performance across a wide range of e-business applications based on industry standards. Common across all of the V5R3 models are OS/400 V5R2; Webfacing, which does not require 5250 OLTP capability; Linux with up to 10 partitions per processor; Windows supports using the same Integrated xSeries Server (IXS) and Integrated xSeries Adapter (IXA) options; and common I/O support in towers (High Speed Link [HSL] attached), adapters (all PCI), and devices. The iSeries also offers businesses the freedom to grow without disruption through Capacity Upgrade on Demand features on the Models 825, 825D, 870, and 890. These features enable a user to activate immediate incremental processing power without disruption when it is needed, and to pay for it only when initiated. The iSeries Models 800 and 810 use a package similar in size to the previous Model 270, which they replaced. The Model 800 expands the performance and the I/O capabilities available in the entry-level price range offering three versions (Value, Standard, and Advanced) based on two processors with different programming package options. The Model 800 has a new higher-performance entry-point processor, and also an increased performance high-end processor. The Model 810 extends the midrange offering in performance, memory, and I/O capacity in addition to offering standard and enterprise editions for software packages. Common to the Models i800 and i810 are the use of SStar processors in either 1-way or 2-way configurations, and a limit of up to four OS/400 partitions per processor. The three server models (825, 870, and 890) provide increased server performance with no interactive workload performance limitations. Common to these models are POWER4 processors; always in N-way configurations, Capacity Upgrade on Demand, and up to 10 OS/400 partitions per processor. In addition, a processor can be licensed for only Linux. The two Domino dedicated servers, Models 810D and 825D, provide especially tuned Domino environments. The only model with interactive performance limitations is the Model 800, which offers 25 CPW on its Value and Standard configurations and 50 CPW on its Advanced configuration.

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The capability of unlimited interactive performance available on each of the 810, 825, 870, and 890 servers allows them to support the Independent service Vendors (ISV) preload environment previously provided by the custom mixed-mode server models S20-ISV, S30-ISV, and S40ISV. Upgrades from the previous custom mixed-mode server models to the V5R3 8XX servers are supported. The custom mixed-mode software packages continue to be provided by J. D. Edwards, Software Systems Associates, Intentia International’s Movex V10.5, and International Business Systems (IBS), as well as others.

iSeries Model Specifics

Now let’s take a closer look at the specifics of these models.

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iSeries Model 800 (i800) Specifics

The iSeries Model 800 entry processor replaces the Model 250 and Model 270. The Model i800 increases the entry-level design point beyond that previously offered by the Models 250 and 270. The Model i800 is a deskside tower–based server (Figure 1.2 on page 9). Two processor options are allowed, ranging in performance from about two times the performance of the previous Model 270 entry processor to about onethird the performance offered in the fastest AS/400e server 270 processor. The Model 800 offers three different server feature codes, two different processor feature codes, and two different programming package options. The combinations of these offerings are referred to as Value, Standard, and Advanced. All three offerings are physically packaged into a small deskside unit, which is then cabled to the necessary workstations and printers. The offerings include an HSL loop with two ports which can be attached to a single I/O expansion unit (discussed in Chapter 2 under packaging). That expansion tower can be a 5094, 5095, or 5088, or an Integrated xSeries Server. Model 800 Value The Value offering of the i800 (server feature code 0863) uses processor feature code 2463 (300 CPW client server, 25 CPW interactive) and

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programming feature option 7400. The processor is implemented in the SStar technology. The minimum memory offered is 256 MB, with growth supported to 8 GB by means of eight expansion cards. The Direct Access Storage Device (DASD) supported can range from a single arm at 17.5 GB up to a maximum of 4 Terabytes (TB) across 63 DASD units. A minimum of one internal DVDROM is required, with a maximum configuration of four DVDROMs. Externally it is possible to attach an additional 15 Tape/Optical/CD/DVD device in any combination up to that maximum. A maximum of 21 PCI cards are supported, 17 of which can be PCI I/O Adapters. Among the PCI cards can be 15 twinaxial controllers to attach up to 600 twinaxial devices. Also among the PCI cards can be 62 communication lines and/or 12 LAN ports. Windows integration supports a maximum of either four Integrated xSeries Servers or seven Integrated xSeries Adapters. Model 800 Standard The Standard offering of the i800 (server feature code 0864) also uses processor feature code 2463 (300 CPW client server, 25 CPW interactive) and programming feature option 7400. The processor is implemented in the SStar technology. The minimum memory offered is 512 MB, with growth supported to 8 GB by means of eight expansion cards. The DASD supported can range from a single arm at 17.5 GB up to a maximum of 4 TB across 63 DASD units. A minimum of one internal DVDROM is required, with a maximum configuration of four DVDROMs. Externally it is possible to attach an additional 15 Tape/Optical/CD/DVD device in any combination up to that maximum. A maximum of 21 PCI cards are supported, 17 of which can be PCI I/O Adapters. Among the PCI cards can be 15 Twinaxial Controllers to attach up to 600 Twinaxial Devices. Also among the PCI cards can be 62 communication lines and/or 12 LAN ports. Windows integration supports a maximum of either 4 Integrated xSeries Servers or 7 Integrated xSeries Adapters. The Programming Options Package 7400 supported by both the Value and Standard versions of the i800 provide the following functions: (1) support for multiple operating systems (OS/400 and LinuxJ), (2) Support for Web Modernization (enhanced WebFacing tool support, described in Chapter 4), (3) Support for Server Partitioning (up to four OS/400 partitions), and (4) Support for 5250 OLTP (25 CPW). Also included in Options Package 7400 is licensing for OS/400 (one processor license for each processor).

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Model 800 Advanced The Advanced Edition offering of the i800 (server feature code 0865) uses processor feature code 2464 (950 CPW client server, 50 CPW interactive) and programming feature option 7408. The processor is implemented in the SStar technology. The minimum memory offered is 512 MB, with growth supported to 8 GB by means of eight expansion cards. The DASDs supported can range from two arms at 35 GB up to a maximum of 4 TB across 63 DASD units. A minimum of one internal DVDROM is required, with a maximum configuration of four DVDROMs. Externally it is possible to attach an additional 15 tape/optical/CD/DVD device in any combination up to that maximum. A maximum of 21 PCI cards are supported, 17 of which can be PCI I/O Adapters. Among the PCI cards can be 15 Twinaxial Controllers to attach up to 600 Twinaxial Devices. Also among the PCI cards can be 62 communication lines, and/or 12 LAN ports. Windows integration supports a maximum of either 4 Integrated xSeries Servers or 7 Integrated xSeries Adapters. Figure 1.5 illustrates the capacities available on the Value, Standard, and Advanced editions of the Model i800. The Programming Options Package 7408 provides the following functions: (1) support for multiple operating systems (OS/400 and LinuxJ), (2) Support for Web Modernization (enhanced WebFacing tool support, described in Chapter 4), (3) Support for Server Partitioning (up to four OS/400 partitions), and (4) Support for 5250 OLTP (50 CPW). Also included in Options Package 7408 is licensing for OS/400 (one processor license for each processor), and licensing for WebSphere Application Server–Express V5 for iSeries (one processor license for 5722-IWE).

iSeries Model 810 Specifics The Model 810 is a deskside system that looks very much like the Model i800. It comes standard with one of three PowerPC SStar RISC Microprocessors #2466, #2467, or #2469 (CPW performance ratings 1020, 1470, or 2700 respectively), 512 MB of main storage, a CFIOP (Combined-Function I/O Processor), A single 17.5 GB 3½-inch disk drive, a DVD-ROM drive, a two-line PCI WAN communications adapter, and either a twinax workstation controller or a systems console on Op Con-

IBM ~ iSeries

Edition - Server Feature Code

Processor Feature Code Processor Technology Processor CPW 5250 OLTP Main Storage DIMMs or Cards Min/Max Min Capacity (MB) Max Capacity (GB) Disk Storage (GB) Minimum Maximum Disk Arms Internal DVD/Tape External Tape/Optical/CD/DVD External HSL/HSL-2 Ports External HSL/HSL-2 Loops Max I/O Towers PCI Card Slots Maximum PCI IOA Cards 10/100 Ethernet (NC) Communications Lines LAN Ports Twinax (NC) Twinax Controllers Twinax Devices Windows Integration Integrated xSeries Servers Integrated xSeries Adapters 30 GB Tape Drive WebSphere Express (NC) Programming Tier

Figure 1.5.

Value Edition 0863

Standard Edition 0864

Advanced Edition 0865

2463 Uni SStar 300 25

2463 Uni SStar 300 25

2464 Uni SStar 950 50

1/8 256 8

1/8 512 8

1/8 512 8

17.5 4445 63 4 15 2 1 1 21 17 1 62 12

35 4445 63 4 15 2 1 1 21 17 1 62 12 1 15 600

35 4445 63 4 15 2 1 1 21 17 1 62 12 1 15 600

4 7

4 7 1 1 P05

4 7 1 1 P10

P05

19

Model i800 configuration/capacity chart (continued on next page).

Value Edition Options Package - 7400 Function Support for Multiple Operating Systems (OS/400 and LinuxJ) Support for Web Modernization (enhanced WebFacing Tool support) Support for Server Partitioning (up to 4 OS/400 partitions) Support for 5250 OLTP (25CPW

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Software Licensing for OS/400 (one processor license) Defaulted hardware/Software (can be deselected for priced alternatives) 5705 Tape/Disk Controller (Non-RAID) Minimum Configuration = 1 Disk/Tape Controller 4318 DASD (17.5 GB Drive Minimum Configuration = 1 Arm 3092 Memory (256 MB) Minimum Configuration = 256 MB 4531 DVDROM Minimum Configuration = 1DVD device 9749 Ethernet Card Minimum Configuration = 0 LAN Card Standard Edition Options Package 7400 Function Support for Multiple Operating Systems (OS/400 and LinuxJ) Support for Web Modernization (enhanced WebFacing Tool support) Support for Server Partitioning (up to 4 OS/400 partitions) Support for 5250 OLTP (25CPW Software Licensing for OS/400 (one processor license) Licensing for WebSphere Application Server - Express V5 for iSeries(5722-IWE) Defaulted hardware/Software (can be deselected for priced alternatives) 5705 Tape/Disk Controller (Non-RAID) Minimum Configuration = 1 Disk/Tape Controller 4318 DASD (2 x 17.5 GB Drive) Minimum Configuration = 2 Arm 3093 Memory (512 MB) Minimum Configuration = 1 x 512MB 4531 DVDROM Minimum Configuration = 1DVD device 9749 Ethernet Card Minimum Configuration = 0 x LAN Card 9746 Twinax Card Minimum Configuration = 0 x Twinax Card 4584 Save/Restore Device Minimum Configuration = 1 x Tape Device (30 GB or larger) Advanced Edition Options Package 7408 Function Support for Multiple Operating Systems (OS/400 and LinuxJ) Support for Web Modernization (enhanced WebFacing Tool support) Support for Server Partitioning (up to 4 OS/400 partitions) Support for 5250 OLTP (50CPW Software Licensing for OS/400 (one processor license) Licensing for WebSphere Application Server - Express V5 for iSeries (5722-IWE) Defaulted hardware/Software (can be deselected for priced alternatives) 5705 Tape/Disk Controller (Non-RAID) Minimum Configuration = 1 Disk/Tape Controller 4318 DASD (2 x 17.5 GB Drive) Minimum Configuration = 2 Arm 3093 Memory (512 MB) Minimum Configuration = 1 x 512MB 4531 DVDROM Minimum Configuration = 1DVD device 9749 Ethernet Card Minimum Configuration = 0 x LAN Card 9746 Twinax Card Minimum Configuration = 0 x Twinax Card 4584 Save/Restore Device Minimum Configuration = 1 x Tape Device (30 GB or larger)

Figure 1.5 (continued).

Model i800 configuration/capacity chart.

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sole and an alternate IPL device. The interactive performance is achieved on the processor, without the addition of Interactive upgrade cards. At no time can the interactive performance exceed the performance rating of the selected base processor. The Model i810’s processor #2469 is a 2-way SMP implementation. The Model i810’s structure can connect up to 198 disk arms in its disk cage assemblies to achieve a maximum of 13,791 GB of disk capacity. It can also house 10 internal CD/DVD/tape devices, as well as attach 18 external tape devices or 36 external CD/DVD devices. The maximum disk and internal/external device capacities can only be achieved through the attachment of four I/O Towers using the two HSL ports and the single HSL loop. The base system unit plus the I/O Towers provides 63 PCI card slots, 50 of which can be populated with PCI I/O Adapter cards. Up to 16,384 MB of main storage can be packaged with 8 total main storage cards. The main storage expansion options used on these models attach within the processor cage so that they don’t consume expansion slots. It is also possible to attach up to 1,920 twinaxial workstations spread across 48 Twinaxial Controllers, 194 communications lines, and 36 local area network ports. (Some of the LANs may be displaced by Integrated xSeries Servers, with a maximum of thirteen allowed on a system or by Integrated xSeries Adapters with a maximum of seven allowed.) Figure 1.6 illustrates the maximum system capacities and performance capabilities for the Model i810. The model i810 can also be configured with Standard and Enterprise software offerings as well as Domino offerings. Figure 1.7 lists the contents of the Model i810 Option Packages. The Domino offerings will be discussed later in this chapter.

iSeries Model i825 Specifics The Model i825 (Figure 1.8) is a deskside system unit which in general will contain multiple I/O expansion towers. The Model i825 comes standard with POWER4 RISC Microprocessors #2473 including 3 to 6 Nway processors. The fourth through sixth processors are Capacity Upgrade on Demand (CUoD) processors. This means the customer can invoke the usage of these processors as the demands of their business requires either a temporary or permanent basis. CUoD is discussed in greater detail later in this chapter. The CPW performance rating of 3,600 with the base three processors can be increased to a CPW performance

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Exploring IBM ~ iSeries

Edition - Server Feature Code

Value Edition 0863

Processor Feature Code 2466 Uni Processor Technology SStar Processor CPW 1020 Software Tier P10 Main Storage DIMMs or Cards Min/Max 1/8 Min Capacity (MB) 512 Max Capacity (GB) 16 Disk Storage (GB) Minimum 17.5 Maximum 13,791 Disk Arms 198 Internal DVD/Tape 10 External Tape/Optical/CD/DVD 18/36 External HSL/HSL-2 Ports 2 External HSL/HSL-2 Loops 1 Max I/O Towers 4 PCI Card Slots 63 Maximum PCI IOA Cards 50 Communications Lines 194 LAN Ports 36 Twinax Controllers 48 Twinax Devices 1,920 Windows Integration Integrated xSeries Servers 13 Integrated xSeries Adapters 7

Figure 1.6.

Standard Edition 0864

Advanced Edition 0865

2467 Uni SStar 1470 P10

2469 2-Way SStar 2700 P20

1/8 512 16

2/16 512 16

17.5 13,791 198 10 18/36 2 1 4 63 50 194 36 48 1,920

17.5 13,791 198 10 18/36 2 1 4 63 50 194 36 48 1,920

13 7

13 7

Model i810 Configuration/Capacity chart.

of 6,600 through the invocation of the three CUoD processors. The minimum system includes a base main storage of 2,048 MB, a Combined-Function I/O Processor (CFIOP), a single 17.5 GB 3½-inch disk drive, a CD-ROM/DVDROM drive, four HSL ports supporting up to two HSL loops, a PCI two-line WAN communications adapter with V.90 modem, either a twinax workstation controller or a system console—on Op Console option. The Model i825 bridges the previous Models 820 and 830 to make up the low-end of the high range of the iSeries family. This provides for higher performance, more users, more communications, more storage,

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Standard: