Enhancing Capabilities for Crisis Management and Disaster Response: Implementation in the Western Balkans Region (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security) [1st ed. 2022] 9789402421415, 9789402421446, 9789402421422, 9402421416

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NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - C: Environmental Security

Enhancing Capabilities for Crisis Management and Disaster Response

Edited by Filip Hostiuc Eyup Kuntay Turmus

AB3

Enhancing Capabilities for Crisis Management and Disaster Response

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific activities supported through the framework of the NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme. The NATO SPS Programme enhances security-related civil science and technology to address emerging security challenges and their impacts on international security. It con­ nects scientists, experts and officials from Alliance and Partner nations to work together to address common challenges. The SPS Programme provides funding and expert advice for security-relevant activities in the form of Multi-Year Projects (MYP), Advanced Research Workshops (ARW), Advanced Training Courses (ATC), and Advanced Study Institutes (ASI). The NATO SPS Series collects the results of practical activities and meetings, including: Multi-Year Projects (MYP): Grants to collaborate on multi-year R&D and capacity building projects that result in new civil science advancements with practical application in the security and defence fields. Advanced Research Workshops: Advanced-level workshops that provide a platform for experts and scientists to share their experience and knowledge of security-related topics in order to promote follow-on activities like Multi-Year Projects. Advanced Training Courses: Designed to enable specialists in NATO countries to share their security-related expertise in one of the SPS Key Priority areas. An ATC is not intended to be lecture-driven, but to be intensive and interactive in nature. Advanced Study Institutes: High-level tutorial courses that communicate the latest developments in subjects relevant to NATO to an advanced-level audience. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series reflect the views of participants and contributors only, and do not necessarily reflect NATO views or policy. The series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in partnership with the NATO SPS Programme. Sub-Series A. B. C. D. E.

Chemistry and Biology Physics and Biophysics Environmental Security Information and Communication Security Human and Societal Dynamics

• http://www.nato.int/science • http://www.springer.com • http://www.iospress.nl

Series C: Environmental Security

Springer Springer Springer IOS Press IOS Press

Enhancing Capabilities for Crisis Management and Disaster Response

edited by

Filip Hostiuc Command and Control Service Line NATO Communications and Information Agency The Hague, The Netherlands and

Eyup Kuntay Turmus Science for Peace and Security (SPS) NATO Headquarters Bruxelles, Belgium

Proceedings of the NATO Results from the Multi-Year Project (MYP) “Advanced Regional Civil Emergency Coordination Pilot’, 1 December 2016 - 1 October 2021. ISBN 978-94-024-2141-5  (PB) ISBN 978-94-024-2144-6 (HB)     ISBN 978-94-024-2142-2  (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2142-2

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper

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The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature B.V. 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Foreword

The Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme is one of NATO’s most important partnership programmes and has been contributing to the core goals of the Alliance for more than six decades. It provides opportunities for practical cooperation between NATO and partner countries. The SPS Programme does this by fostering non-military cooperation in security-related civil science and innovation. With its tailor-made and demand-driven activities, the SPS Programme achieves tangible results, leaving an important and meaningful impact on local populations, governments, and the academic community. It is demonstrating NATO’s commitment to peace and security by building networks among international experts and scientists. The Programme’s activities also involve many young scientists, who receive support and training to kick-start their academic careers. Cooperation in the framework of SPS brings together NATO and its partner countries to jointly develop and implement activities in line with Allied political guidance and NATO’s strategic objectives. SPS-supported activities address shared security concerns that are defined in a set of Allied-approved Key Priorities. These include emerging security challenges such as terrorism, cyber defence, and energy security as well as human and social aspects of security, support to NATO-led missions and operations, advanced technologies with security applications, and early warning. The SPS Multi-Year Project “Enhancing Capabilities for Crisis Management and Disaster Response in the Western Balkans (ARCECP)” has addressed several of these areas. During its implementation between 2016 and 2021, this regional cooperative initiative helped participating nations to acquire, deploy, and customize the “Next Generation Incident Command System (NICS)” within national crisis management systems. NICS – as this SPS project came to be known – is a situational awareness system that enables first responders to exchange information about an event, including GPS locations or images, rapidly and efficiently via mobile devices. Over the course of its deployment, this versatile system has proven its value in a variety of simulated scenarios, like the NATO Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre (EADRCC) exercises, as well as in real-life disasters in the Western Balkans, such as earthquakes, floods, and the coronavirus pandemic. In v

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doing this, NICS has provided a platform for cooperation among first responders intervening in emergencies that know no borders. The great potential of NICS was evident from the start. The kick-off conference of NICS took place in 2016 at NATO Headquarters in Brussels and was chaired by former Deputy Secretary General Ms. Rose Gottemoeller. Already then, NICS was introduced as one of the largest SPS top-down flagship projects. Ambassadors and representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and the Republic of North Macedonia – the four countries in the Western Balkans participating in the project – participated in the event, highlighting the strong political support to this initiative. Although not a member of this initiative, Serbia showed interest in this project, and Serbian Ambassador H.E. Miomir Udovički attended the kick-off meeting as an observer. The achievements of NICS proved its value as a key SPS flagship project, for many reasons. First, NICS helped to build capacity in response to concrete security challenges. The Western Balkans is a region frequently affected by natural disasters, as the devastating floods in 2014 have shown. This disaster resulted in the death of dozens of people and forced tens of thousands to leave their homes. Collaboration in the area of civil emergency coordination and management is particularly important in transboundary crises such as these. NICS has provided emergency responders in the region with an incident command system that allows them to share information about disasters in a fast and easy way, enhancing situational awareness and building capacity in the area of civil emergency coordination. This in turn has helped to facilitate and improve crisis management across borders in case of an incident. This project therefore had a strong, direct impact on this region. Second, NICS was a regional effort that resonated with NATO’s agenda and partnership priorities. “NATO is and remains committed to stability in the Western Balkans” reaffirmed NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at a joint press point with the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bakir Izetbegović, on 9 November 2016. The launch of this project was also in line with the decisions made at the NATO Warsaw Summit in 2016, where NATO Heads of State and Government underlined the importance of capacity building and projecting stability, especially in relation to NATO’s partners. The SPS Programme provides many opportunities for practical collaboration, including with the Western Balkans, and both Allies and partner countries from the region are actively engaged in the Programme. What made this initiative stand out is that it has engaged four Western Balkan countries, making it a genuinely regional effort, and that it involved local universities to upgrade the system in the future, and achieve continuity and sustainability. Third, the project had both a strong scientific and partnership dimension. The incident command system deployed to the Western Balkans as part of this project is based on a promising technology that was initially developed by the Massachusetts

Foreword

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Institute of Technology (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory with support from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Both government officials and experts from the Western Balkans were involved in the project. This helped to tailor the technology to the needs of each of the countries involved and ensured support for the testing of the system’s functionalities in the context of annual field exercises in the Western Balkans. The directors of NICS have also foreseen a work package designated for young researchers, which is very much in line with the spirit of the SPS Programme, and helped them build their careers by working on cutting-edge technology. Beyond the Western Balkans, NICS has benefited from technical and subject matter expertise from DHS and the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. DHS has contributed substantially to this project, both financially and with expertise. NICS represented also the first time that the SPS Programme and DHS cooperated on such a scale. MIT has been the technical solution provider in the implementation of this project and contributed to lead its multinational project team. In addition to this project’s deliverables, it is important to stress its unique public diplomacy impact. NICS was an excellent example of practical cooperation with tangible, concrete results that helped to build capacity in the area of situational awareness and emergency response across the Western Balkans. Giving visibility to NICS and communicating its benefits across the region was also among the project team’s objectives. Annual demonstrations and NATO EADRCC exercises provided excellent opportunities to test the system as well as to gain visibility through highlevel visits, as well as through communication platforms of SPS, NATO, and participating countries and institutions. The many videos and articles about NICS, as well as this book, are an acknowledgement of the efforts of all project participants and will serve as yet another reminder of NATO’s commitment to the Western Balkans. NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division  Deniz Beten Brussels, Belgium

Preface

National and international disaster response capabilities have received significant attention due to their continued importance for natural and man-made disasters. Particularly stressing are large-scale events where thousands of first responders from a wide variety of jurisdictions and agencies are involved in the response efforts. Organizing, coordinating, and commanding these efforts is a significant technical challenge, as it requires timely collection and distribution of information to enable shared situational awareness across all participating responders and agencies. These aspects are further complicated when the disaster impacts and/or responses are international due to the logistical, operational, and political differences between nations and their responders. For example, the 2014 Southeast European Floods caused widespread flooding and landslides, killed at least 86 people, displaced hundreds of thousands of people, and required significant cooperation and collaboration by responding organizations. There is a critical need to provide responding organizations with a reliable, scalable, standards-based platform to facilitate national and international operations. Since 2010, The United States Department of Homeland Security’s Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T) has sponsored The Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL), a federally funded research and development center in the United States, to partner with the Emergency Management Community in the United States to develop an integrated incident response platform called the Next-Generation Incident Command System (NICS). The Next-­ Generation Incident Command System (NICS) is a scalable, non-proprietary, standards-­based software platform that provides rich, timely situational awareness, cross-jurisdictional collaboration, and NIMS (National Incident Management System) compliant protocols for sharing information across the Homeland Security Enterprise. NICS has been used by multiple organizations on hundreds of all-hazard incidents to coordinate responses, including earthquakes, floods, wildland fires, search and rescue operations, evacuations, and major security events (Boston and LA Marathons, etc.). Starting in 2016, a NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme proposal outlined a 4-year plan to extend NICS to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, ix

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Republic of North Macedonia, and Montenegro. The planning phase brought together subject-matter experts in various domains (emergency responders, information technology, etc.) to work with NATO and MIT LL to design, customize, and evaluate NICS to ensure it meets the needs of the region. The initial planning involved a number of meetings in Brussels and Boston, to outline the approach to the ARCECP.  In 2016, the ARCECP was formally kicked off at the NATO Headquarters. Over the next several years, the ARCECP program developed a concept of operations (CONOPS) document and built a system that included standard operating procedures (SOP), incident management, and disaster response and information technology (IT) infrastructure. Following a detailed and robust schedule, the ARCECP and the assembled expertise participated in simulated disaster response exercises in Bosnia in 2017, in Serbia in 2018, in Montenegro in 2019 and in 2021 in North Macedonia. In 2019, the ARCECP saw a transition towards national adoption in the key partner nations and organized its own disaster response event. The ARCECP has a number of components, and the participants are cognizant of the challenges faced in deploying such a system in a disaster area. These include border crossing, incident management, disaster response collaboration, team tracking, asset management, and communication. Each of these has been addressed by expertise in the ARCECP program. This book was written as a review of the NATO and DHS co-funded ARCECP and serves as an excellent reference on disaster response. It is organized in seven chapters that follow a thematic approach to the development of the ARCECP.  These chapters address the important and critical components of the ARCECP such as the program’s overall organizational structure, the integration of information technology, national capabilities assessment, validation in NATO and regional exercises, and the culminating experience of national adoption of NICS. The book closes with final thoughts that summarizes the overall ARCECP and provides a template for future work in bringing NICS as a tool for international disaster response.

Brussels, Belgium  Eyup Kuntay Turmus   Lexington, MA, USA  Stephanie Foster   The Hague, The Netherlands  Filip Hostiuc

Contents

 About NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme����������������������������   1 Deniz Beten and Eyup Kuntay Turmus  Critical Role of Information Sharing Technologies in Advancing Public Safety ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  13 David J. Alexander, Dan Cotter, and Ronald Langhelm  The Next-Generation Incident Command System (NICS)����������������������������  23 Gregg Hogan and Stephanie Foster  Development, Structure, and Organization of the ARCECP������������������������  33 Stephanie Foster, Filip Hostiuc, and Eyup Kuntay Turmus  Validation of NICS in Exercises – Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro and North Macedonia����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  53 Stephanie Foster and Filip Hostiuc  Implementation of NICS in the Western Balkans������������������������������������������  69 Mirnesa Softic, Nikola Krizmanic, Urim Vesjeli, and Dordije Vujovic  Towards Open Source Technologies for Public Safety ����������������������������������  93 Douglas Jones Appendices����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  99

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Abbreviations

ARCECP AFF AVL BGAN CBRN CCMS CD CEP CONOPS CMA CMC CMM COVID-19 CPG CPX CT DEM DHS DHS S&T DISTAFF EADRCC EAPC EMS ES ESCD EOC EC ER ERCC EUCPT

Advanced Regional Civil Emergency Coordination Pilot Automated Aircraft Flight Following Automatic Vehicle Location Broadband Global Area Network Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society Cyber Defense Civil Emergency Protection Concept of Operations Crisis Management Arrangements Crisis Management Center Capability Maturity Model CORONA Virus Disease 2019 Civil Protection Group Command Post Exercise Counter Terrorism Directorate for Emergency Management Department of Homeland Security DHS Science and Technology Directorate Directing Staff Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council Emergency Medical Services Energy Security Emerging Security Challenges Division Emergency Operations Center European Commission Entity Relationship EC Emergency Response Coordination Centre European Civil Protection Team

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Abbreviations

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRESCOPE Firefighting Resources of California Organized for Potential Emergencies FPC Final Planning Conference FX Field Exercise GDBMS Graph Database Management System GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System GSM Global System for Mobile Communications HF High Frequency IBAN International Board of Auditors of NATO ICI Istanbul Cooperation Initiative ICS Incident Command System IED Improvised Explosive Devices IP Internet Protocol IPC Initial Planning Conference ISEG Independent Scientific Experts Group IMIS Incident Management Information Sharing INSARAG International Search and Rescue Advisory Group IT Information Technology JHAFG Joint Health Agriculture and Food Group JIS Joint Information System LEMA Local Emergency Management Authority LIVEX Live Exercise LTE Long Term Evolution MAC Multiagency Coordination MACS Multiagency Coordination System MD Mediterranean Dialogue MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT LL MIT Lincoln Laboratory ML Machine Learning MOI Ministry Of Interior MOS Ministry Of Security MOU Memorandum Of Understanding NAC North Atlantic Council NACC North Atlantic Cooperation Council NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NCIA NATO Communications and Information Agency NGO Non-Governmental Organization NICS Next-Generation Incident Command System NIDC NATO Information and Documentation Centre NIIMS National Interagency Incident Management System NIMS National Incident Management System OCS On-Site Commander OSOCC UN model On-site Operation Co-ordination Centre

Abbreviations

PCSC PDD PLI PPC PCSC RTO RSACT SAC SAR SATCOM SEE SESU SIMPOST SITREP SME SMS SOP SPS TETRA TG TIR TTT TTX UHF UN UNOCHA US UXO WMD VHF VSAT

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Partnerships and Cooperative Security Committee Public Diplomacy Division Position Location Information Political and Partnerships Committee Partnerships Cooperation and Security Committee Research and Technology Organization Regional Situation Awareness and Collaboration Tool Strategic Analysis Capability Search And Rescue Satellite Communication South East Europe State Emergency Service of Ukraine Simulated Social Media Posting Web Application Situation Report Subject Matter Expert Short Message Service Standard Operating Procedures Science for Peace and Security Terrestrial Trunked Radio Transport Group Transports Internationaux Routiers Train the Trainer Table Top Exercise Ultra High Frequency United Nations UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs United States Unexploded Ordnance Weapons of Mass Destruction Very High Frequency Very Small Aperture Terminal

About the Editors

Filip Hostiuc  has been working for NATO since 2006 in various positions. He currently serves as the service delivery manager for NATO’s Operations Planning Capability at the NATO Communications and Information Agency, The Hague, the Netherlands. Before joining NATO, he lived in Canada where worked as a software architect for various companies and multiple domains (healthcare, telecom, finance). Mr. Filip Hostiuc has been involved in NATO Science for Peace and Security programs since 2013. He has been involved in the implementation of ARCECP program in the Western Balkans region, working closely with the national co-­ directors, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and SPS colleagues. Mr. Hostiuc holds an MSc in technology management from The Open University, UK, and a BSc in computer science – software engineering. Eyup Kuntay Turmus  is currently advisor and programme manager at the NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division. He oversees implementation of scientific research and capacity-building activities for practical cooperation with NATO’s partners under the Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme. These activities address key priorities including counter terrorism, explosives management and defence against CBRN agents. He joined NATO following a 12-year career in the defence industry sector. In this capacity, he managed major national and international armaments programmes, involving industry, universities and research organizations. Mr. Eyup Turmus holds a BSc in management and organization and a PhD in technology management.

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About NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme Deniz Beten and Eyup Kuntay Turmus

Abstract  For more than 60  years, the NATO Science Programme, and subsequently the SPS Programme, have promoted practical cooperation and the training of scientists and experts in the field of civil science and technology in order to address emerging security challenges. SPS has grown into one of NATO’s major partnership tools, covering a wide range of issues, including cyber defence, counter terrorism, and increasing energy security. Over the years, the Programme has created an international network of scientists and experts, and more than 20 Nobel Laureates are associated with SPS. Throughout its existence, SPS has supported a variety civil emergency planning and crisis management projects, which provided training, shared knowledge, and developed solutions for a large range of natural and man-made disasters. Keywords  Technology · Civil emergency · SPS Programme

1  Historical Context Science at NATO can be traced back to 1957 when the NATO Science Programme was launched in direct response to the Three Wise Men’s recommendations, in the shadow of the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite Sputnik I by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Programme aimed to promote scientific projects and collaboration among scientists from NATO countries to facilitate exchange and maximize the return on research investments. One year later, the first Science Advisor to the Secretary General, Dr. Norman F. Ramsey, was appointed and the NATO Science Committee (SCOM) met for the first time. Dr. Ramsey once worked on the Manhattan Project and would eventually receive the Nobel Prize in D. Beten · E. K. Turmus (*) NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division, Brussels, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature B.V. 2022 F. Hostiuc, E. K. Turmus (eds.), Enhancing Capabilities for Crisis Management and Disaster Response, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2142-2_1

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1989 for his contributions to Atomic Physics. The SCOM was composed of member country representatives who were “qualified to speak authoritatively on scientific policy” and provided recommendations to the North Atlantic Council. It aimed to promote scientific cooperation for Allied security, strengthen the transatlantic link, and enhance solidarity.

During the period of ‘détente’ in the 1960s, Allies grew increasingly conscious of common environmental problem that could threaten the welfare and progress of their societies. Following a statement by President Nixon, NATO formally established the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) in November 1969. Its aim was to attack practical problems already under study at the national level and, by combining the expertise and technology available in member countries, and arrive at valid conclusions to make recommendations for action to benefit all. The CCMS was subsequently expanded to include partners, and provided a unique platform to share knowledge and experience on technical, scientific, and policy aspects of social and environmental matters in both the civilian and military sectors.

About NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme

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In 1992, following the political changes in Central and Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, the geographical scope of the activities of the SCOM and the CCMS grew substantially with the creation of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC). The NACC eventually became the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), which provided a forum for dialogue and consultation on political and security-related issues, and for partnership through practical cooperation activities. In this context, NATO Science Fellowships were an important tool to foster scientific cooperation. They provided opportunities for scientists to pursue their work or to continue their training at prestigious institutions in NATO and partner countries. Each year some 1300 fellows were selected by national competitions to receive these prestigious fellowships. The SCOM shifted its activities from an intra-alliance to an alliance-partner focus in 1998 and undertook more outreach to NATO partners in selected areas of science and technology. The Committee first opened to EAPC countries and then to Mediterranean Dialogue (MD) partners. The SPS Programme later opened its activities to scientists and experts in the countries participating in NATO’s Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) in 2010. In 2004, the NATO Programme for Security through Science was launched. This development represented a fundamental re-direction of cooperation to focus primarily on security, in line with NATO’s new directions and objectives. Reintegration Grants for partner-country scientists currently working in NATO countries were introduced as a new support mechanism; areas of priority research were selected by partner nations; and stipends for laboratory assistance services were introduced for Security through Science projects and for experts responsible for setting up computer networking infrastructure grants.

2  Programme Overview The current SPS Programme was established in 2006 following the merger of the SCOM and the CCMS. Since 2010, it has been an integral part of the Emerging Security Challenges (ESC) Division. In 2013, a new structure for the Programme was approved with the aim of further increasing its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. During this restructuring, the multi-­ disciplinary Independent Scientific Evaluation Group (ISEG) was established to peer-review (evaluate) all SPS applications. Moreover, grant mechanisms were reduced from seven to four categories used today: multi-year projects, workshops, training courses, and study institutes. A new set of SPS key priorities was approved by Allies, reaffirming the focus of the Programme on security-related scientific cooperation. These were in line with the strategic objectives of NATO’s partnership policy as agreed at the Berlin Summit in 2011 and the NATO Strategic Concept agreed in Lisbon in 2010.

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In October 2013, the SPS Overarching Guidelines were approved to ensure that prior political and strategic guidance for the SPS Programme was interpreted in line with the present political and strategic aims of Allies. As a result, the Programme broadened its scope to include activities beyond pure scientific cooperation, while preserving an important scientific dimension. Moreover, it was decided that SPS would aim to increasingly promote larger scale and more strategic activities to enhance the political and public diplomacy impact of NATO’s partnerships. In April 2014, in response to Russia’s illegal military intervention in Ukraine and Russia’s violation of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, the NATO Foreign Ministers decided to suspend all practical civilian and military cooperation between NATO and Russia, while maintaining a political dialogue at ambassadorial level. As a result, no new SPS activities with Russia were launched since. At the same time, SPS cooperation with Ukraine and other Eastern partners was stepped up significantly, making Ukraine a major beneficiary of the SPS Programme.

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On 29 November 2018, Ambassadors, high-level governmental representatives and renowned scientists from NATO and partner countries gathered at the new NATO Headquarters to celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the SPS Programme and its achievements over the years. An exhibition of technologies developed through SPS projects was presented on the same day. Today, SPS continues to work with NATO Allies and all Partner countries on practical and mutually beneficial cooperative activities in the field of security-­ related civil science and technology. The Programme enhances security-related civil science and technology to address emerging security challenges and their impacts on international security. It connects scientists, experts and officials from Alliance and Partner countries to work together to address these challenges. SPS provides funding and expert advice for security-relevant activities in the form of four established grant mechanisms: Multi-Year Projects (MYP), Advanced Research Workshops (ARW), Advanced Training Courses (ATC), and Advanced Study Institutes (ASI).

All SPS activities contribute to the Alliance’s Strategic Objectives – as defined in the 2010 Strategic Concept, and set out in the NATO Partnership Policy adopted in Berlin in 2011  – and arising from high-level political meetings, including Ministerials and Summits. Today, through a balanced 360° approach, SPS promotes practical cooperation based on four core dimensions that define its identity: Science: the SPS Programme helps to foster research, innovation, applied science and technology, as well as knowledge exchange in an effort to address common security challenges. As a brand, SPS has a very wide network extending to hundreds of universities and institutions across Allied nations and Partner countries.

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Partnership: the collaborative framework of the Programme brings together scientists, experts and policy makers from Allied and Partner countries to address today’s security challenges. SPS is well known as one of the most important partnership programmes that is available to all Partners, proving that practical cooperation is achievable across political barriers through scientific exchange. Security: according to the scope of the SPS Programme and guidance from NATO nations, all projects developed under SPS must have a security dimension. This is also reflected in the SPS Key Priorities developed by Allies. Unconventional issues: The SPS Programme’s primary purpose is to strengthen NATO’s partnership policy. Following a comprehensive Strategic Assessment of the SPS Programme in 2013, it has grown to include projects that encompass capacity-building, hybrid threats and Women’s Peace and Security UNSCR 1325, while preserving the important scientific dimension of the Programme. The SPS Programme is one of NATO’s largest civil partnership programmes, and as such, has a considerable political dimension. The Programme allows NATO countries to engage with Partners through different frameworks, including the EAPC, the MD, Partners around the Globe (PaG), and the ICI.  The SPS Key Priorities reflect current developments in the international security environment and in NATO’s political priorities. SPS links civil society to NATO through activities that address global security challenges. Civil actors, like researchers, academics, and government experts, play important roles in helping the Alliance to identify, understand, and respond to contemporary vulnerabilities and threats. Civil society is integral to effectively addressing these threats, and NATO aims to ensure that funding and support is available for collaborative activities that address the Alliance’s security objectives while promoting cooperation and partnership. Following the guidance from the 2018 Brussels Summit, the Programme actively contributes to a number of NATO partnership priorities and initiatives. It projects stability through practical cooperation and by tailoring SPS activities to Partners’ priority areas as outlined in their partnership agreements with NATO. Joint SPS projects have created strong and lasting networks spanning the world. Moreover, NATO SPS staff provide advice and expertise regarding emerging security challenges such as cyber defence, energy security, defence against CBRN agents, and counter-terrorism. The SPS Programme closely coordinates its activities with other NATO Divisions and Bodies, and with international stakeholders, thus increasing efficiency and creating further synergies on a case-by-case basis. The SPS Programme also has a high public diplomacy value for NATO, providing the Alliance with separate, non-military communication channels by bringing together experts from NATO and Partner countries, often in situations or regions where other forms of dialogue more directly focused on defence and security are difficult to establish. Accordingly, the Programme enables NATO to become actively involved in such regions, often serving as the first concrete link between NATO and a new Partner.

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Over six decades, the Programme has demonstrated its ability to adapt to NATO’s changing strategic and security agenda and it continues to support key Allied partnership priorities and policies today. In the early years, the Science Programme contributed to building a positive image of NATO as a security provider through engagement with Allied scientific and civilian communities based on the principles of solidarity. Over the years, and particularly at the end of the Cold War, this intra-­ alliance programme was transformed to reach out to and offer practical cooperation across NATO’s partnership frameworks. Since the Programme’s inception, a wide international network of scientist and experts from NATO member and partner nations has been established. Every year, approximatively 2000 experts participate in SPS activities and help to build capacity in partner nations, support NATO efforts in the fight against terrorism, facilitate the development of security-related advanced technologies and foster expert networks to address questions related to cyber defence or the role of women in peace and security. Testament to the scientific excellence supported by SPS, more than 20 Nobel Laureates are associated with the Programme.

3  S  PS Programme’s Contributions to Civil Emergency Planning and Crisis Management Throughout its existence, SPS has supported a variety civil emergency planning and crisis management projects, which provided training, shared knowledge, and developed solutions for a large range of natural and man-made disasters. Crisis management is one of NATO’s fundamental security tasks. It can involve political, non-military and military measures and tools to address the full spectrum of crises as outlined in the 2010 Strategic Concept. NATO’s strength in this field builds on its extensive experience, and well established tried and tested crisis management procedures. The 2010 NATO Strategic Concept instituted a broad thinking on crisis management, envisaging the Alliance’s involvement at all stages of a crisis: “NATO will therefore engage, where possible and when necessary, to prevent crises, manage crises, stabilize post-conflict situations and support reconstruction”. It recognized the imperative for a greater number of actors to participate and coordinate their efforts, and considered a broad range of tools to be used. It adopted a comprehensive, all-encompassing approach to crisis management that goes hand-in-hand with greater emphasis on training, developing local forces, enhancing civil-military planning and interaction, and greater interoperability between NATO and partner forces. During the 2021 NATO Summit in Brussels, Allies focused on the role and necessity to enhance and ensure strong resilience, through enhanced civil-military cooperation and civil preparedness; the NATO centre of expertise on resilience; as well as engagement with populations, the private sector, and non-governmental actors. Climate change, hybrid threats, terrorism, and CBRN threats are amongst

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the key challenges highlighted by Allies during the Summit. In this context, the SPS programme connects scientists and experts from NATO and partner countries to improve civil emergency and crisis management capabilities in order to protect people, goods and the environment and ensure appropriate and rapid responses to threats they face. Below are some examples of SPS activities in this field, in line with objectives set by NATO and SPS Key Priorities. In Mauritania, SPS supported the set-up of a National Operational Coordination Centre in Nouakchott in order to improve national responses to emergencies by developing regulatory standards and operational procedures; enhancing coordination between national, regional and local levels; and strengthening capabilities for analyzing risks and threats. The Centre was designed to support the establishment of a national civil emergency planning framework. Inaugurated in January 2015, it will reduce vulnerability to risks and threats associated with terrorist or illicit activity, particularly in isolated areas, through increased coordination between civil protection and emergency response actors. In 2020, another SPS project – PROMEDEUS – was launched to complement the Mauritanian crisis management system for a more effective response to various risks and threats that people, material goods, and the environment can face. The project aims to support the Mauritanian Government’s overall efforts to give civil protection services a major role in crisis management by creating civil protection units. The project will implement a system of pre-hospital patient dispatching using telemedicine tools, and produce synergy with the Operational Coordination Centre. These SPS flagship projects, led by experts from Mauritania, France, Canada and Romania, are seen as examples for the wider Sahel region. The SPS Programme has also supported the development of a multinational telemedicine system, enabling medical specialists from Finland, the Republic of Moldova, Romania, Ukraine and the United States to provide real-time recommendations to first responders at emergency scenes or in combat zones. The telemedicine system can add a tremendous value in the aftermath of regional or national disasters and in times of crises and incidents. It allows medical specialists to engage in major disasters or incidents across national borders in major events that require specialized expertise or that are in need of first response humanitarian aid without being present at the scene of the disaster. Portable medical kits enable first responders to connect to the system and to receive advice from medical specialists, even in remote areas. This system was designed to improve access to health services and increase survival rates. It enable the transition from a storage and forward type of response to a live and real-time incident response with military-civilian dual-use potential applications. With modern communications technologies, an international network of medical specialists can assess patients, diagnose them and provide real-time recommendations. The right aid and care is then able to rapidly reach those who need it most, ultimately saving many lives. This effort produced a robust telemedicine system for disaster response with a concept of operations and an e-learning portal for users. Medical responders were trained on how to leverage the technology to bring care to

About NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme

9

those who need it most as quickly as possible. The system was successfully deployed during field exercises in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Ukraine. An additional SPS effort to enhance civil emergency responses saw experts from Slovenia and North Macedonia develop the “Smart I (eye) Advisory Rescue System” – SIARS with the support of the SPS Programme. SIARS was designed as a new state-of-the-art information system that can gather and organize medical data of injured patients and use satellite connections to transfer the data to a designated medical facility that will care for the injured. This information was also made available offline, when mobile or satellite communications are not available. Synchronized with the multinational telemedicine project, this hand-held, portable device can be taken into the battlefield and to disaster sites. During a field exercise in September 2017 in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the telemedicine and SIARS systems were interconnected, allowing the transfer of medical data collected by the mobile sensor to the telemedicine kit. Focusing emergency response to natural disasters, an SPS workshop, led by experts from Bulgaria and Serbia, focused on the implication of climate change induced disasters on militaries in the Balkan region. Participants discussed and studied related capabilities as well as policy and technical approaches to building resiliency and mitigating regional vulnerabilities to potential catastrophic disasters. Experts and participants presented and shared currently available and future capabilities for assessing the implications of climate change for civil-military asset readiness to support disaster forecasting and response. Seismic disasters can also have dramatic consequences on populations and goods. The Caucasus Mountains are subject to intense crustal deformations that make the region one of the most seismically active segments of the Alpine-­ Himalayan collision belt. The SPS project  – CAUSER  – improved the Georgian Seismic Network and added new digital stations with contribution of public and private organisations. It provided equipment, developed data acquisition and information, and established real-time waveform exchange between earthquake monitoring centers in Southern Caucasian countries including the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute in Turkey. Such improvement considerably enhanced seismic event location accuracy in the region. Overall, CAUSER organized, equipped, and trained multidisciplinary teams for comprehensive seismic observations, hazard analysis, and prompt response in emergencies. As a result, no seismic event below the range of M  action model Use screen space wisely Always provide a recommendation Think it, try it, test it

Specific – The specific design guidance emerging from the CONOPS enablers described above, that have guided NICS development are: Adherence to ICS/NIMS  NICS is firmly rooted in the structure, philosophy, policies, and procedures of the Incident Command System (ICS) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The developers of NICS and its predecessor come from the operational community and are expert practitioners of ICS/NIMS. NICS is focused at the incident command level and is designed to enable faster and more complete situational awareness at the point of the sword where responders are looking at the threat face-to-face.

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Seamless Scalability  NICS is designed to be “All Scale”, with the same tools, technologies, concepts of operation, and services relevant from initial response to extreme-scale, seamlessly. There are no new tools, concepts, procedures, design philosophies or user interfaces that the user has to master moving across the scale of incidents. The long-range goal is for NICS to support 1000s of users from 100s of organizations working dozens of incidents simultaneously. Network to the Edge  NICS is designed to connect the most remote users, those at the point of the sword looking at the evolving threat face-to-face and who are trying to develop situational awareness about what is happening and what should be done about it. With these forward users using the NICS network, information that they are collecting and sharing with others on the front lines can be easily transmitted to rear echelons to build situational awareness about the larger battlefield. Networking to the edge means that forward users will be equipped with mobile, handheld computers (smart phones, tablets) as well as vehicle-mounted laptops and other devices. Further, these need to be resilient when operating in remote, Internetdegraded settings where connectivity could be intermittent. In such cases, “fail soft” and “restore gracefully” processes aid the user. Technology Neutral (Web Based)  NICS is designed to be technology neutral. The user can employ any computational device (workstation, laptop, tablet, smart phone, other) running any standard operating system (Windows, OS X, iOS, Android, Linux, other) using any basic browser (Safari, Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer (Version 9 and later)). App Store Development Approach  NICS is designed around a platform architecture where growth, expansion, and tailoring is accomplished with Apps and Plugins, as with the Apple App Store. Anyone can contribute: commercial, academia, government, uniformed responder, private citizen, as examples. All Hazard  The long-term vision for NICS is to be responsive to hazards across the board, to include storms, lightening, fires, floods, hurricanes, volcanic activity, landslides, explosions, aircraft accidents, earthquakes, windstorms, tidal waves, terrorist attacks, chemical spills, and train derailments. Platform for the Tired/Dirty/Hungry  NICS is first designed for simplicity of use. It is for the Tired – Dirty – Hungry responder under extreme stress. As such, it is designed to be “dirt simple to learn” and “dirt simple to use.” If a user knows how to turn on a computer, surf the web, and find the local “Olive Garden” using Google Maps, then they can learn all basic NICS operations in 60 min or less. Growth Model  NICS is not owned by a vendor. Its intellectual property is not up for sale. It is a community project for and by the community.

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Appendix 2: Montenegro 2019 Exercise Guidebook

Introduction The NICS Montenegro Field Exercise 2019 will be conducted from October 1st to October 4th 2019, in and around the areas of Podgorica, Danilovgrad, Luznica, and Farmaci Montenegro. The exercise scenario will focus on Wildfires that routinely effect this region of South East Europe (SEE) from the months of June through the end of September.

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Utilizing the Next-Generation Incident Command System (NICS) the host nation of Montenegro will coordinate first a national response to wide spread wildfires, as the fires spread and resources are stretched thin, an international/regional response is needed. Bosnia, North Macedonia, and Croatia will respond to the request for assistance VIA NICS and all countries/response teams will coordinate their efforts to combat the wildfires using NICS. Scenario Due to bad weather situation caused by prolonged drought and lack of precipitation during previous 90  days, there are fires in open space throughout all three regions of Montenegro. The most critical situation is in central region, territories of municipalities Podgorica, Cetinje and Danilovgrad caused by high temperatures which not even at night go below 30 °C, daily maximum is up to 44 °C and strong NE wind which blows for the last 3 days. There are plenty of fires in the open space, on different locations in Podgorica, where over the last 3 days 50ish fires were active per day. Having in mind that (in the northern and southern region) plenty of open space fires are being extinguished right now by the firefighters from Protection and Rescue services, firefighters-volunteers, other volunteers and citizens, it is clear that the situation on the territory of the Capital city Podgorica is most serious. Area that is not endangered right now from the aspect of open space fires is municipality of Pljevlja. All the resources, human and material, of the Capital and the surrounding Municipalities, are constantly engaged for more than 10  days, which leads to exhaustion of the teams and failure of firefighting equipment. Situation is additionally complicated by the inability to engage air firefighting units, which still are occasionally engaged when weather conditions allow. Consequence of this is escalating of fires, which threaten to endanger suburban settlements Lekići, Farmaci, Donji Kokoti, Donja Gorica, as well as business-industrial facilities of the companies Neregelia, Primat, Reno alliance, Swiss Lion, Takovo, hotel complex Verde and university DG. Beside these locations, critical situation is in the hill Lužnica with the village of the same name, where fire is approaching over 15 households and state road Danilovgrad – Podgorica. Because of the above-mentioned high risk, the state of fire and traffic control on main highway, regional and local roads of the endangered area, are monitored in continuity. Positions for possible evacuation and disposal of the population are being prepared. Additional danger and aggravation for firefighting is contamination of this area by UXO from previous wars. Municipal teams for Protection and Rescue are having meetings all the time and based on their conclusion, on the date from the field, request is sent to the Coordinating team for protection and rescue about necessity of international help. This Coordinating team (i.e. Operational headquarters) has analyzed situation on the field during last night session (42°32′56.6″ N 19°06′09.8″ E) and concluded that it is necessary to prepare and send requests for international help. Requests are prepared and sent to EC, ERCC, and EADRCC NATO via OKC112 and, based on bilateral agreements, to the neighboring countries.

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Considering that the situation in other EU countries is critical as well, Operational headquarters agreed to accept help from the neighboring countries based on bilateral agreement (from Croatia, Northern Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina). Help constitutes of open space firefighting teams with their firefighting vehicles from all three countries, as well as ambulance/ paramedics team from Republic of Macedonia. Montenegro, due to host nation support concept, enabled accelerated border crossing through Debeli Brijeg, Vraćenovići/Deleuša and Božaj border crossings. Teams were assigned with liaison officers (LO) as well, who will wait for the teams at designated border crossings and follow teams’ work at the Montenegro’s territory. Team’s registration will be done in the centre for team registration (RDC) which is established at the entrance of Police academy (BoO). Place for accommodation for international teams (Base of operation-BoO) is within Police academy in Municipality of Danilovgrad (state coordinates), where food and accommodation for international teams will be organized, as well as other logistical needs. Operational headquarters for Protection and Rescue (LEMA) in premises of EMD, street Jovana Tomaševića and On-site operations coordination centre (OSOCC) in PaR premises in Municipality of Danilovgrad, street Novice Škerovića (state the address) are established in Montenegro. Tomaševića and On-site operations coordination centre (OSOCC) in PaR premises in Municipality of Danilovgrad, street Novice Škerovića (state the address) are established in Montenegro. Purpose The NICS Montenegro Field Exercise 2019 is meant to enhance interoperability between Montenegro’s own national emergency services, as well as enhance the cooperation, planning and deployment of international emergency response teams by utilizing the Next-Generation Incident Command System (NICS).

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Exercise Objectives 1. Support international emergency management authorities, through the building of international capabilities to help improve on existing disaster preparedness, planning, information sharing, prevention, and response. 2. Improve international coordination on disaster response with the use of technologies such as NICS. 3. Utilizing NICS to facilitate cross-border cooperation with Montenegro’s neighboring countries. 4. Bolster command and control operations to better receive, and deploy international assistance to achieve a high level of effectiveness. 5. Practice the execution of international agreements such as the Current Bilateral agreements to coordinate a multinational response to a regional disaster. 6. To test the CONOP and SOPs that have been developed to govern the use of NISC in cross border disaster response. Exercise Participants

Montenegro

Bosnia and Herzegovina North Macedonia Croatia MIT-LL

Teams Fire Fighting, EOD, EMT, Police, Border Control Fire Fighting

OSOCC 3

DISTAFF 2

Evaluators 2

Support 10

1

1

1

1

Fire Fighting, EMT

1

1

1

3

Fire Fighting Support Only

0

0

1

1 7

Exercise Area of Operation

The Area of Operation consists of three border-crossing locations, two incident sites, an OSOCC located at the police academy in Danilovgrad, and the Local Emergency Management Authority (LEMA) located at the Emergency Management Centre in Podgorica.

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Site 1 is located near Farmaci, which is 7.6 km from the Emergency Management Center. It takes about 20 min VIA car. Site 2 is located near Luznica, which is roughly 11  km from the Emergency Management center. It takes about 20 min VIA car to reach it. LEMA will be located at the EMC while the OSOCC will be located at the Police Academy.

Site 1 is South West of Podgorica and is the more populated of the two sites. Wild fires in this area directly affect the local population.

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Site 2 is a sparsely populated area located North East of Podgorica. It consist of small-scattered farms that encircle a large rocky hill with low dry brush. This area is often prone to wild fires and can be difficult to access with the proper equipment. Schedule October 1 Teams Arrive In process with RDC Opening Ceremony

October 2 Field Exercise

October 3 After Action Report Closing Ceremony

October 4 Teams Depart

Safety and Security Take sensible precautions to protect yourself and your belongings from street crime, particularly in larger towns. Do not leave valuables unattended and watch out for pickpockets in public places, like tourist hot spots, beaches, airports and on public transport. Use a hotel safe if possible. Report all incidents of crime to the local police and get a police report. If you lose your passport, you should also contact your embassy. Incidents of violent crime between organized criminal groups can occur. You should exercise caution, remain vigilant and be aware of your surroundings. In the event of any incidents, you should follow the advice of local authorities. The main emergency numbers are: • • • •

112 (general emergencies) 122 (police) 123 (fire department) 124 (ambulance service)

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All participants in the exercise are responsible for their own safety. All teams will have to provide their own safety and security plan on arrival. A safety briefing will be held with the team leaders and exercise staff at the beginning of each day. Each team leader will organize a safety briefing for their respective team prior to the planned exercise event. (Everyone is a safety) A safety officer will be assigned to each incident site and will be in charge of overall safety. The safety officer will be a member of the exercise staff and will report to the DISTAFF. The safety officer will continuously monitor the incident sites and provide the safety instructions for role players, simulated media, evaluators, observers and other visitors. It is everyone’s duty to follow the instructions and warnings given by the Site Safety Officer. During the exercise, safety assessments for each team on the field will be done by the team leader. It is important that all Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) be worn while in the designated exercise areas. Report all unsafe situations to the safety officer. (Everyone is a Safety) In case of a real medical accident, medical personnel will be located at each incident site. Host Nation will maintain the simulated fires at each site with national firefighters that will not be a part of the exercise. Emergency Termination or Suspension If an emergency occurs, which warrants the temporary suspension or termination of the exercise, the Exercise Directors may terminate or suspend the exercise by transmitting a no-play message to the DISTAFF. Communications Mobile Phones and SIM Cards Teams will receive DATA SIM card. Teams will provide their own comms equipment. Radios Team communication will rely on equipment such as radios cell phones ex., which each team will bring with them. NICS will be the primary form of communications for situational reporting from the field to the command team and OSOCC. Each liaison officer, command staff, and DISTAFF will be provided TETRA hand radios for additional communications

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Internet Access WIFI internet access will be available at the base of operation and Cell phone SIM cards will be provided with enough data and coverage for internet access during the exercise.

Host Nation Support

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Food Breakfast will be provided at the base of operations dining facility. Also available for a small fee, teams can purchase food from the dining facility for lunch and dinner. Food can also be purchased on the local economy or brought by the responders. Alcoholic beverages may not be consumed during exercise operations, but may be consumed responsibly in off hours, as long as it does not disturb others in the sleeping quarters. All base of operation rules will supersede any guidance in this booklet. Accommodations Accommodations will be available at the base of operation (BOO) (Police Academy) Team leaders will have their own room and responders will have five person rooms. Base of Operation BOO will be equipped with all necessary equipment to run the OSOCC and briefing rooms/class room will be available. Transportation Each team is responsible for their own transport to and from the incident site. Teams will also be responsible for providing their own fuel, which will available at local gas stations. Uniform Requirements Exercise staff will be provided uniforms to be easily identifiable to all exercise participants. Responders will be in their duty uniforms and proper PPE Medical Support Each team is responsible for its own first aid. For all other levels of medical care, the host nation will provide emergency medical services and dental support to all participants. Emergency services will be provided as necessary. All participating teams will receive detailed briefings about the medical plan and procedures upon arrival.

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Roles and Responsibilities

Exercise Management Name: Đorđije Vujović Position: Exercise Director Country: Montenegro Contact Info: [email protected] Name: Nikola Krizmanić Position: Co-Director Country: Croatia Contact Info: [email protected] Name: Urim Vejseli Position: Co-Director Country: North Macedonia Contact Info: [email protected] Name: Mirnesa Softić Position: Co-Director Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Contact Info: [email protected] Name: Stephanie Foster Position: Project Leader Country: MIT-LL USA Contact Info: [email protected]

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Name: Filip Hostiuc Position: Project Leader Country: NATO-NCIA Contact Info: [email protected] Name: Eyup Turmus Position: Project Leader Country: NATO-SPS Contact Info: Name: Deniz Beten Position: Project Leader Country: NATO-SPS Contact Info: Name: Richard Gervin Position: Sr. Logistics Administrator Country: MIT-LL USA Contact Info: [email protected]

DISTAFF DISTAFF will be located at the Command Center with OSOCC and will be composed of representatives from all project teams and participating countries of North Macedonia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia, MIT LL, NATO SPS office and NCIA department. The primary task of DISTAFF will be the overall management of the exercise, providing assignments/Inject to LEMA, and the evaluation of the

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exercises. DISTAFF will be divided into two groups, the first for Exercise Management and INJECT, the second for exercise evaluation. The INJECT group will not include representatives from all project teams of participating States. DISTAFF Personnel    Name: Zorica Marković   Country: Montenegro    Name: Milan Radović   Country: Montenegro    Name: Domagoj Galović   Country: Croatia    Name: Robert Riteski    Country: North Macedonia    Name: Sabahudin Spahovic    Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina LEMA The Local Emergency Management Authority (LEMA) carries out the overall management and coordination of all disaster response activities within the host nation. LEMA is responsible for but not limited to, the following. • Decision making authority for all responders and civil population • Situational assessment and development of response plan • Operations strategy planning of national and international responders, and coordination of their activities • Overall management and control of population protection measures LEMA Personnel    Name: Mirsad Mulić    Position: General Director DEM MoI    Agency: DEM MoI    Name: Mr Ljuban Tmušić    Position: Head of Direction for Civil protection and    Agency: DEM MoI   Name: Radomir Šćepanović    Position: Head of Direction for Operational activities    Agency: DEM MoI    Name: Sreten Nedić    Position: LEMA secretary    Agency: DEM MoI

Humanitarian aid

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   Name: Veselin Veljović   Position: Director    Agency: Police Department    Name: Nikola Janjušević    Position: Sector for General Jurisdiction    Agency: Police Department   Name: Ljubiša Jokić    Position: Brigadni General    Agency: General Staff of the Army of Montenegro   Name: Vladan Joković   Position: Director    Agency: Customs Administration    Name: Luka Mitrović   Position: Director    Agency: Department of Hydrometeorology and Seismology    Name: Damir Gutić, v.d.   Position: Director    Agency: Water authorities    Name: Nusret Kalač   Position: Director    Agency: Forest Administration    Name: Savo Parača   Position: Director    Agency: Transport Directorates    Name: Mr Vesna Daković   Position: Directorates    Contact Info: Food, Veterinary and Phytosanitary Affairs    Name: Nikola Medenica, v.d.   Position: Directorate    Agency: Environmental and Environmental Protection Agencies    Name: Dr Saša Stefanović   Position: Director    Agency: Emergency Medical Services Institute    Name: Dr Nermin Abdić   Position: Director    Agency: Emergency Center of the Clinical Center of Montenegro    Name: Dr Boban Mugoša   Position: Director    Agency: Institute of Public Health

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   Name: Jelena Dubak    Position: Secretary General    Agency: Red Cross of Montenegro OSOCC The Purpose of the On-Site Operations Coordination Centre (OSOCC) is to assist the local national authorities with the coordination of international assistance at the incident site, and to facilitate information exchange between international and national relief actors (meetings, reports, lists, etc.) the OSOCC can also when needed provide the following • Provide a platform for joint operations planning for international responders • Establish coordination infrastructure (sub-OSOCC(s) and Reception/Departure Centre’s • Facilitate logistics support for international responders in cooperation with local authorities OSOCC Personnel   Name: Ljiljana Vučetić   Country: Montenegro    Position: OSOCC Manager    Name: Methija Kuburović   Country: Montenegro    Position: Information Manager    Name: Dragana Mugoša   Country: Montenegro    Position: Operations Manager   Name: Aleksandar Mandic    Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina    Position: BiH International Liaison Officer   Name: Goran Tanov    Country: North Macedonia    Position: North Macedonia International Liaison Officer    Name: Dario Poljak   Country: Croatia    Position: Croatia International Liaison Officer Montenegro Liaison Officers    Name: Vojin Vojinović   Country: Montenegro    Position: Liaison Officer    Name: Nikola Blečić   Country: Montenegro

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   Position: Liaison Officer    Name: Marko Marković   Country: Montenegro    Position: Liaison Officer    Name: Marko Jočić   Country: Montenegro    Position: Liaison Officer Exercise Media During the field exercise local and national Montenegrin media will be present at each field site to provide media coverage that will be used during the exercise as well as provide real world coverage of the events as they unfold. NATO will also have a media element to provide coverage of the official 2019 NATO exercise. Social media will be simulated during the event and that data will be collected and used to help in the response efforts of the international responders on the field in real time. Social Media Monitoring The OSOCC Social Media Monitoring team will monitor simulated Social Media messages in order to provide situational awareness for the Site Commander’s staff. Approximately 15 local volunteers will participate in the exercise and will send approximately 50 messages in Montenegrin that pertain to each selected inject using the “SIMPOST” simulated social media posting web application. Additionally, the NICS team will supply a set of messages prepared in advance, approximately 50 geo-located messages per selected inject, visible on the SIMPOST NICS layer of the incident map. The purpose of the SIMPOST Simulated social media is to provide realism for the international response team. The SIMPOST messages will be released in close coordination with DISTAFF. SIMPOST messages may be released 15–30 min before an inject in order to provide the SIMPOST team an opportunity to identify needs via the simulated social media. Social Media Monitors    Name: Doug Jones    Country: USA MIT-LL    Contact Info: [email protected]    Name: Paul Gatewood    Country: USA MIT-LL

148

   Contact Info: [email protected] Name: Visar Shehu    Country: North Macedonia   Contact Info: Incident Command Staff Site 1   Name: Savo Ćetković   Country: Montenegro    Position: Incident Commander    Name: Predrag Moštrokol   Country: Montenego    Position: Safety & Security   Name:   Country: Montenego   Position: Support Site 2   Name: Đuro Pavićević   Country: Montenegro    Position: Incident Commander   Name: Goran Čavić   Country: Montenegro    Position: Safety & Security   Name:   Country: Montenegro   Position: Support Evaluators    Name: Danilo Miljević   Country: Montenegro    Name: Zoran Perović   Country: Montenegro   Name: Mladen Vinković   Country: Croatia   Name: Vedad Pazarcevic    Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina   Name:    Country: MIT-LL Technical Evaluator   Name: Kire Andov    Country: North Macedonia

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Support Staff NICS Support    Name: Mladen Raspopović   Country: Montenegro   Location: LEMA   Name: Vladimir Sekulić   Country: Montenegro    Location: Site 1 & 2   Name: Marijo Vranaričić   Country: Croatia    Location: Site 1 & 2    Name: Nedzad Bajraktarevic    Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina   Location: OSOCC    Name: Igorce Karafilovski    Country: North Macedonia   Location: DISTAFF    Name: Petre Nakov    Country: North Macedonia   Location: Base of Operations (BOO)   Name: Vladan Burić   Country: Montenegro    Location: BoO Manager RDC   Name: Slađana Živković   Country: Montenegro   Location: BoO    Name: Jelena Krstović   Country: Montenegro   Location: BoO   Logistics   Name: Slađana Živković   Country: Montenegro   Location: BoO    Name: Jelena Krstović   Country: Montenegro   Location: BoO   Name: Dragiša Ristić

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  Country: Montenegro   Location: BoO    Name: Vesko Vlahović   Country: Montenegro   Location: BoO   Name: Dražen Stijepović   Country: Montenegro   Location: BoO

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