Win32 API. Программирование: Учебное пособие

Citation preview

-

Ы

Ы

,

. . WIN32 API

2009

681.3.06(035.5)

. . Win32 API. , 2009. – 90 .

Microsoft Windows

/

C++

.–

:

Win32 API.

,

»

210202.65 « 0900104.65 «

», «

-

».

№5

,

08

2009 .

-

2007-2008 « », , . 2015

,

.

©

,

2

©

, 2009 . ., 2009

Windows

-

.

–

,

,

.

-

–

. Windows (handle).

–

.

. (API – Application Pro-

gramming 32-

Interface) (Win32 API), ( ),

dows.

Microsoft Win−

. windows.h, . Win32

− (

).

,

. (

,

,

−

).

,

,

-

. ,

,

,

. Windows .

• • • •

: (overlapped window); (pop–up window); (child window); (layered window) – ,

,

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW. , « » ,

, . CreateWindowEx() , .

. CreateWindowEx() ,

WS_POPUP , .

-

3

,

, WS_POPUPWINDOW | WS_CAPTION. CreateWindowEx() WS_CHILD .

, ,

,

,

. -

, . . . ,

.

: • SDI (Single Document Interface) – ; • MDI (Multiple Document Interface) – ; • (Based Dialog) − , . Windows ANSI , UNICODE. , 65536 .

– ,

,

UNICODE ANSI -

UNICODE : tchar.h;

1. 2.

TCHAR, LPTSTR

LPCTSTR;

3.

-

4. , .

_TEXT ( _T); , sizeof(szBuffer) – sizeof(szBuffer)/sizeof(TCHAR) – TCHAR, LPTSTR

LPCTSTR

: typedef unsigned short wchar_t; typedef wchar_t WCHAR; #define UNICODE typedef WCHAR TCHAR; //UNICODE #else typedef char TCHAR; //ANSI #endif

4

-

-

typedef WCHAR* LPWSTR; typedef CHAR* LPSTR; #define UNICODE typedef LPWSTR LPTSTR; #else typedef LPSTR LPTSTR; #endif

//UNICODE //ANSI

typedef CONST WCHAR* LPCWSTR; #define UNICODE typedef LPCWSTR LPCTSTR; #else typedef LPCSTR LPCTSTR; #endif

//ANSI

, UNICODE

ANSI

, lstrcat

//UNICODE

,

, :

-

LPTSTR lstrcat ( LPTSTR lpString1, LPTSTR lpString2 );

Win32 ANSI DispatchMessage():

, # ifdef #define #else #define #endif

UNICODE

UNICODE DispatchMessage

DispatchMessageW

DispatchMessage

DispatchMessageA

,

,

,

-

-

ANSI UNICODE , Microsoft Windows XP Professional 2005. 1.

Microsoft Visual Studio

Щ

Windows , , :

WINDOWS -

, WinMain()

1.1.

WndPoc().

WinMain() WinMain() winbase.h

. :

int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance,

// // HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow

//

// //

// // ,

5

-

// );

WINAPI

, . .

Win32

-

. ,

, . .

, . WinMain(), Windows (

). hInstance

HINSTANCE .

-

Windows Win32 API (hInstance) . , . . , : HINSTANCE hInst;

.

hInstance • • GetClassLong(), •

-

:

hInst=(HINSTANCE)GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HMODULE);

GetModuleHandle()

:

hInst= GetModuleHandle(NULL);.

− hPrevInstance −

.

− lpszCmdLine −

,

-

,

. − nCmdShow − , WinMain(), .

. ,

WinMain()

Windows : 1)

;

-

(Windows

,

); 2) ( ); 3)

, .

6

1.2. (window class),

,–

WNDCLASSEX,

.

-

, ,

,

,

.

-

, . WNDCLASSEX RegisterClassEx(), .

winuser.h:

typedef struct tagWNDCLASSEX { UINT cbSize; // UINT style; // WNDPROC lpfnWndProc; // int cbClsExtra; // // int cbWndExtra; // // HINSTANCE hInstance; // // HICON hIcon; // HCURSOR hCursor; // HBRUSH hbrBackground;

// // // //

LPCTSTR lpszMenuName; LPCTSTR lpszClassName; //

// HICON hIconSm; // } WNDCLASSEX;

WNDCLASSEX

32-

. WNDCLASSEX ,

.

-

. Windows, . OPENFILENAME, « », .

, LOGFONT,

memset()

ZeroMemory() , VOID ZeroMemory( PVOID pBuffer,

: // //

,

7

SIZE_T length // ); void *memset( void *dest, int c, size_t count ); : memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));

WNDCLASSEX, . cbSize .

(32

style ). (

WNDCLASSEX . WNDCLASSEX

).

Windows

. • CS_DBLCLKS –

CS_. : (0x00000008),

; • CS_VREDRAW –

-

(0x00000001),

• CS_HREDRAW –

-

; (0x00000002),

• CS_NOCLOSE –

-

; (0x00000200),

-

. «

»

C++

-

(style). WNDCLASSEX: lpfnWndProc – • hInstance – • lpszClassName – • ).

(

); (

); (11-

WNDCLASSEX ( lpfnWndProc) ,

.

− hIcon −

.

–

-

, .

• 16x16 • 32x32 16• 48x48 :

–

,

–

16,

; –

256

8

.

;

HICON LoadIcon( HINSTANCE hInst, LPCTSTR

// // // // //

lpszIcon

,

);

(.exe) –

(hInst),

:

wc.hIcon=LoadIcon(hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPICON));

− lpszIcon,

,– .

, , .

MAKEINTRESOURCE, :

-

winuser.h

#define MAKEINTRESOURCE(i) \ (LPSTR) ((DWORD)((WORD)(i)))

,

16

-

. LoadIcon()

hInst -

NULL. ,

IDI_ (ID for icon),

:

wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInst, IDI_APLICATION);

. LoadIcon() –

MSDN. – NULL.

, LoadIcon() , . . .

, 16x16

-

, LoadImage(),

:

HANDLE LoadImage( HINSTANCE hInst,

// // LPCTSTR lpszName, // // // UINT uType, // int cxDesired, // // int cyDesired, // // UINT fuLoad // );

, ,

− lpszName

hInst NULL, LR_LOADFROMFILE,

. fuLoad 9

lpszName

, .

-

− uType − : IMAGE_BITMAP; IMAGE_CURSOR; IMAGE_ICON.

− cxDesired, cyDesired − .

-

, .

− fuLoad −

,

• LR_DEFAULTCOLOR –

: ,

• LR_DEFAULTSIZE – sired , ; LR_LOADTRANSPARENT – « • COLOR_WINDOW – ); LR_LOADFROMFILE – • (

); cxDesired

»

cyDe( .

16x16

: wc.hIcon = (HICON)LoadImage( Inst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_APPICON_SM), IMAGE_ICON,16, 16,0);

: HBITMAP hBitmap (HBITMAP)LoadImage(hInst, FILE_NAME, IMAGE_BITMAP, 100, 100, LR_LOADFROMFILE);

hCursor . 32x32 LoadCursor(),

WNDCLASSEX Windows − .

-

: HCURSOR LoadCursor( HINSTANCE hInst, LPCTSTR lpszCursor );

// // // //

,

, ,

lpszCursor hInst.

(

) NULL,

,

10

IDC_.

, IDC_ARROW. ,

,

,

-

:

wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

: IDC_ARROW – IDC_CROSS – IDC_SIZEALL – IDC_SIZENS – IDC_IBEAM – IDC_WAIT –

; ; ; (

–

);

; . SetCursor(),

: HCURSOR SetCursor(HCURSOR hCursor);

SetCursor , .

, -

WM_MOUSMOVE. . ,

WM_CREATE, WM_SIZE hCursor1, WM_MOUSMOVE ( hCursor2, wClient, hClient, xPos yPos static): Case WM_CREATE: //… hCursor1 = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_SIZEALL); hCursor2 = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_WAIT); //… case WM_SIZE: // wClient = LOWORD(lParam); hClient = HIWORD(lParam); break; case WM_MOUSMOVE: // xPos = LOWORD(lParam); yPos = HIWORD(lParam); if(yPos < 32) // SetCursor(hCursor1); if(yPos > hClient – 32) // SetCursor(hCursor2); break; //…

, hbrBackground

WNDCLASSEX.

11

(brush) –

, . ,

,

, , Windows GetStockObject()

, HGDIOBJ.

,

-

: HGDIOBJ GetStockObject(int nObjectTyp);

GetStockObject() (HPEN,HBRUSH, HBITMAP, , :

HPALETTE, HFONT, HRGN).

ws.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH).

GetStockBrush,

windowsx.h GetStockFont,

GetStockPen , :

#define GetSto kBrush(i)(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(i))

GetStockObject() : ws.hbrBackground = GetStockBrush(WHITE_BRUSH);

Windows

(

: WHITE_BRUSH – DKGRAY_BRUSH – LTGRAY_BRUSH – GRAY_BRUSH – BLACK_BRUSH – NULL_BRUSH –

)

; -

; ; ; ; . -

CreateSolidBrush(),

:

HBRUSH CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF

crColor – ,

crColor);

RGB

. ,

. (4

RGB,

)

-

:

ws.hbrBackground= CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,255,255));

RegisterClassEx(),

:

ATOM RegisterClassEx(CONST WNDCLASSEX* lpwc);

lpw

–

WNDCLASSEX. RegisterClassEx() ATOM (WORD – 16 ), . WM_CREATE

12

SetClassLong() :

SetWindowLong(),

DWORD SetClassLong( HWND hWnd, // int nIndex, // // LONG dwNewLong // ); LONG SetWindowLong( HWND hWnd, // int nIndex, // // LONG dwNewLong // );

•

• • • • • •

-

,

,

nIndex SetClassLong() : GCL_HBRBACKGROUND – ; GCL_HCURSOR – ; GCL_HICON – ; GCL – HICONSM – GCL_MENUNAME – ; GCL_STYLE – ; GCL_WNDPROC – . , :

-

;

, -

Case WM_CREATE: SeClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,250,250))); return TRUE; //…

1.3. , Windows CreateWindowEx(),

,

-

: HWND CreateWindowEx( DWORD dwExStyle,

//

LPCTSTR lpClassName,

LPCTSTR lpWindowName

, // // // // // //

// //

DWORD dwStyle, int x int y,

// // // // //

int nWidth, //

13

dwStyle ,

int nHeight, // HWND hWndParent,// HMENU hMenu, // // HINSTANCE hInstance, LPVOID lpParam

// // // //

);

− dwExStyle −

-

,

, . • WS_EX_MDICHILD – ; • WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW –

:

,

• WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES – . dwExStyle

-

; ,

, dwStyle.

. MSDN. − lpClassName – , RegisterClassEx() . CreateWindowEx() , , , , . . , : , , , – BS_);

• BUTTON – ( • COMBOBOX – LISTBOX • EDIT–

-

( CBS_ – );

EDIT) (

• LISTBOX –

,

, –ES_); ,

(

LBS_OWNERDRAWFIXED )( • MDICLIENT – • RICHEDIT – • RICHEDIT_CLASS – (

( LBS_OWNERDRAW

–LBS_); EDIT − (

; -

– ES_); RICHEDIT – ES_);

14

• SCROLBAR – ( • STATIC –

( – SBS_);

)

−

-

, (

SS_).

−

CreateWindowEx() −

– lpWindowName .

•

,

:

–

•

-

; BUTTON – . dwStyle

. ,

,

,

ИЛИ (

. .

|)

. WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW(0x00CF0000). , , , « » , . y– x , . . .

-

-

x . , CW_USEDEFAULT – x y . nWidth nHeight – nWidth nHeight . CW_USEDEFAULT, . hWndParent – ; , , HWND_DESKTOP NULL. CreateWindowEx() hMenu

.

. hMenu , WNDCLASSEX ( hMenu

• NULL;

15

: lpszMenu ).

•

. hMenu , ( WM_COMMAND, ).

hInstance (

hInstance

WinMain). lpParam CreateWindowEx() – , WM_CREATE, NULL. WM_CREATE WM_NCCREATE l Param CREATESTRUCT, CreateWindowEx(). NULL ((void*)0)

, ,

. CreateWindowEx() , . . hWnd ShowWindow(), ShowWindow() BOOL ShowWindow( HWND hWnd, int nCmdShow );

hWnd.

. :

// //

nCmdShow

,

-

.

nCmdShow WM_SIZE

-

, WinMain. ShowWindow() WM_MOVE.

WM_SIZE WM_PAINT.

-

щ

1.4.

. Windows. ( 321

) Windows ( 0x3FF),

. . , . .

.

, 16

:

• WM_MOUSMOUVE – 200h ( • WM_LBUTTONDOWN – 201h ( ); • WM_TIMER – 113h ( • WM_MOVSEACTIVATE–0021h ( . • • • • ,

);

); ).

,

:

WM_GETMINMAXINFO ( WM_ERASEBKGND ( WM_SIZE ( WM_PAINT ( Windows ,

); ); ); ). -

, .

0x3FF. . Win32

, -

. , . : 2while(GetMessage(&Msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&Msg); DispatchMessage(&Msg); }

–

,

, .

–

-

. Windows GetMessage(), , , MSG,

-

. MSG

winuser.h

-

: typedef struct tagMSG{ HWND hWnd; // // UINT message; // //( WPARAM wParam; // LPARAM lParam; // DWORD time; // POINT pt; //

(

) )

17

,

// }Msg; //

tagMSG.

wParam

lParam

-

(message). POINT : typedef struct tagPOINT{ LONG x; LONG y; } POINT;

MSG

,

GetMessage()

. : BOOL GetMessage( LPMSG lpMsg, // HWND hWnd, // UINT uMsgFilterMin, INT uMsgFilterMax );

MSG ,

c

// //

lpMsg MSG,

. hWnd

, GetMessage()

NULL,

.

uMsgFilterMin . WM_KEYFIRST WM_MOUSFIRST .

. uMsgFilterMax

WM_KEYLAST, , WM_MOUSLAST

-

-

. ,

,

. GetMessage() ,

TRUE -

Msg. Windows TranslateMessage() :

DispatchMessage(),

BOOL TranslateMessage(CONST MSG* lpMsg); LRESULT DispatchMessage(CONST MSG* lpMsg);

TranslateMessage() WM_KEYDOWN ( ) . , Message() .

18

WM_KEYUP ) ( WM_CHAR. wParam WM_CHAR GetMessage() Translate. , -

DispatchMessage()

-

,

, Msg ( time pt, .

).

-

, DispatchMessage() while. GetMessage() 0x12),

WM_QUIT (

FALSE, re-

turn Msg.wParam; . . . GetMessage() , « » .

. .

, GetMessage() PeekMessage(),

:

BOOL PeekMessage( LPMSG lpMsg,

// // // HWND hWnd, UINT wMsgFilterMin,

//Min // //Max // //

UINT wMsgFilterMax, UINT wRemoveMsg );

PeekMessage() GetMessage(). wRemoveMsg , :

• PM_NOREMOV – • PM_REMOV – PeekMessage() , , , , , PM_REMOV) ( PM_NOREMOV). PeekMessage() . , , ,

19

,

; . . MSG

(

, . .

PeekMessage()

:

while(1) { if(PeekMessage(&Msg,NULL,0,0, PM_REMOV)) { if(Msg.message==WM_QUIT) break; TranslateMessage(&Msg); DispatchMessage(&Msg); } }

1.5. –

, ,

,

. –

,

. CALLBACK.

, :

LRESULT CALLBACK HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg WPARAM wParam LPARAM lParam

_

( // // //

(

)

,

// // // //

);

, WndProc. switch…case.

:

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(Msg) { case WM_CREATE: //… return TRUE; case WM_KEYDOWN: /* WM_KEYDOWN ( ) */ switch(wParam) { /* Esc */ case VK_ESCAPE:

20

-

SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0); break; } break; case WM_DESTROY: /* PostQuitMessage ,

WM_QUIT. , -

Msg.wParam */

PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: /* */ return DefWindowProc(hWnd,msg,wParam,lParam); } return 0L; }

Def-

, WindowProc() (Default Windows Procedure). , « » DefWindowProc, – WM_DESTROY, . , ALT+F4. Windows WM_DESTROY , . Windows.

WM_CREATE , , . .

, ,

,

-

.

PostQuitMessage(0); , – .

, -1.

, -

,

WM_NCCREATE, WM_CREANT,

. :

DispatchMessage() Windows.

щ

1.6.

Windows

: 1)

;

21

2) 3) 4) 5)

; ; ; . WM_MOUSMOVE

.

Msg ( WM_MOUSEMOVE 1. Msg.hWnd – 2. Msg.message – 3. Msg.wParam –

MSG) ; (0x200); ,

(

/

Ctrl

),

Shift ; 4. Msg.lParam – ; 5. Msg.time – 6. Msg.pt – • • • • • .

:

; . :

WM_LBUTTONDOWN (201h) – WM_LBUTTONUP (202h) – WM_RBUTTONDOWN (204h) – WM_RBUTTONUP – WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK (203h) –

; ; ; ; -

MSG

, . . . lParam lParam y.

–

, x, .

, lParam

, lParam,

HIWORD. wParam Shift Ctrl.

-

LOWORD

,

–

.

: MK_LBUTTON – MK_MBUTTON – MK_RBUTTON – MK_SHIFT – MK_CONTROL –

, , .

wParam , ; ; ; Shift Ctrl

; .

22

,

,

Shift WM_LBUTTONDOWM):

( Case WM_LBUTTONDOWM: //… if(wParam & MK_SHIFT) { /* Shift*/ } //…

: WM_LBUTTONDOWN; WM_LBUTTONUP; WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK; WM_LBUTTONUP.

, WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK. C • WM_KEYDOWN –

, (DBLCLK) CS_DBLCLK. :

,

(

• WM_KEYUP – • WM_SYSKEYDOWN –

Alt); ; (

• WM_SYSKEYUP –

Alt); . lParam

: (

1)

0

15

: WM_KEYUP ( 16 23 (24– )–

, 2) 3)

)– ,

;

)–

-

;

Alt

1

, Ctrl

-

; 4) 5) Alt WM_KEYUP, 6)

( 25 (29– ( . . 0); (30–

28 )–

)–

, WM_KEYDOWN

)–

, , 0–

7)

;

;

(31– )– ,1– . wParam

, . .0– , . (

MSDN.): 23

,

.

• • • • •

Shift – Ctrl – Alt – Esc – F1…F12 –

VK_SHIFT ( – 16); VK_CONTROL ( – 17); VK_MENU ( – 18); VK_ESCAPE ( – 27); VK_F1…VK_F12, ( WM_CHAR . TranslateMessage()

WM_CHAR, WM_CHAR GetMessage()

(wParam). , lParam lParam wParam

– 112…123).

. WM_CHAR

-

, .

WM_CHAR

. ,

A

,

: 1. WM_KEYDOWN – 2. WM_CHAR – ANSI 3. WM_KEYUP – WM_COMMAND

A; ‘a’; A. , . . WM_LBUTTONDOWN

-

WM_COMMAND. WM_COMMAND WM_SYSCOMMAND. WM_INITMENU WM_INITMENUPOPUP . , . wParam lParam – : • lParam – ( ), ; • lParam – TRUE, . WM_COMMAND : 1) , , wParam lParam : • wParam (wid); • wParam (wCmd); • lParam . 2) (keyboard accelerator), wParam lParam :

24

,

–

-

-

•

• • 3)

wParam (wid); wParam lParam . ( , wParam lParam wParam (wid); wParam

•

•

•

(wCmd); ,

. .), : , . .

,

-

(wCmd); lParam (hWnd). WM_COMMAND

-

: case WM_COMMAND: wid = LOWORD(wParam); hWnd = (HWND)(UINT)lParam; wCmd = HIWORD(wParam); //…

WM_CLOSE

,

Alt+F4,

. , DefWindowPro() DestroyWindow(), ( , ) WM_DESTROY. DestroyWindow() . « ?», , , . . WM_CLOSE, : case WM_CLOSE: if(MessageBox(hWnd,” Ы ?”, ” ”, MB_YESNO | ICONQUESTION) == IDYES) DestroyWindow(hWnd); break;

WM_SIZE . wParam ( . MSDN): • SIZE_MAXIMIZED – • SIZE_MINIMIZED – • SIZE_RESTORED – SIZE_MINIMIZED. lParam ,

-

; ; ,

SIZE_MAXIMIZED -

–

25

.

WM_MOVE •

lParam

.

-

,

-

: lParam

•

x;

lParam

y.

WM_CREATE . , (

, : ,

),

. . lParam WM_CREATE CREATESTRUCT, CreateWindowEx(). WM_CREATE

WndProc ,

Windows . WM_MOUSMOVE, MSG.

, WM_CREATE dows

,

Win-

. ,

,

, : • WM_INITDIALOG ( • WM_SYSCOMMAND ( • WM_DESTROY ( WM_PAINT

); ); ). , (invalid)

.

-

, WM_PAINT

• • •

, . . -

:

; ; -

•

; . . , WM_PAINT. , ,

. . WM_PAINT

(device context) ,

.

26

-

. ,

, ,

-

, :

,

,

,

.

. WM_PAINT BeginPaint(), : HDC BeginPaint(HWND hWnd, LPPAINSTRUCT lpPaintStruct); hWnd , , . . lpPaintStruct – . PAINTSTRUCT, Windows , WM_PAINT. PAINTSTRUCT winuser.h : typedef struct tagPAINTSTRUCT { HDC hDc; // BOOL fErase; // // RECT rcPaint; // // BOOL fRestor; // BOOL fIncUpdate; // BYTE rgbReserved[32]; // } PAINSTRUCT;

,

fErase

. .

TRUE. Windos

, -

. wc.hbrBackground. rcPaint

, RECT,

. InvalidateRect()

InvalidateRgn().

BeginPaint() , WM_ERASEBKGND.

. ,

-

. DefWindowProc(). BeginPaint()

WM_NCPAINT, . (rectangle),

, :

27

typedef struct tagRECT { LONG left; //x– // LONG top; //y– // LONG right; //x– // LONG bottom //y– // }RECT;

RECT Windows

, . -

WM_PAINT EndPaint(), : BOOL EndPaint(HWND hWnd,CONST PAINTSTRUCT* lpPaintStruct);

WM_PAINT: Case WM_PAINT: hDc=BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); // //… EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); //…

GDI

.

-

SendMessage(),

-

: LRESULT SendMessage( HWND hWnd, // UINT Msg, // WPARAM wParam, // LPARAM lParam // );

SendMessage() . . SendMessage(),

, Windows .

,

-

,

, SendMessage(). 1.7. 1.1, : WinMain ,

-

WndProc. ,

.

28

,

щ

1.7.1. –

.

,

, . .

:

(CS), WinMain

-

(DS)

(SS), . (

.

1.1): TCHAR szText [80]; USHORT regCS,regDS,regSS; __asm{ mov regCS,CS mov regDS,DS mov regSS,SS } wsprintf(szText, _T(” CS=%X, DS=%X, SS=%X\n WinMain=%X\n szClassName=%X”), regCS, regDS, regSS, WinMain, szClassName); MessageBox(NULL, szText, _T(“ ”), MB_ICONINFORMATION);

–

(

. 1)

.1 wsprintf()

:

int wsprintf(LPSTR lpBuffer, LPCTSTR lpszFormatString, [arguments] );

wsprintf()

.

([arguments]) lpszFormatString ( ) lpBuffer ( ). lpszFormatString – , :

%[-][#][.],

29

[−] –

, ; [#] – – 0X; [] , . . , ; – – , . . , : – , :

–

(szText,”Э

%S,

%#X”,lpStr, lpStr).

[arguments] –

,

-

. wsprintf() . MessageBox()

,

. int MessageBox( HWND hWnd, // LPCTSTR lpText, // LPCTSTR lpCaption, UINT uType );

-

:

// //

hWnd

, . NULL.

lpText , lpCaption – . uType ,

,

, . . , • •

•

• •

,

.

, ,

. :

MB_YESNO – MB_OKCANCEL – cel; MB_YESNOCANCEL – No Cansel. MB_ICONINFORMATION – MB_ICONSTOP – ,

: Yes No; : Ok Can: Yes, ; . ,

-

. MessageBox() , : • IDCANCEL – NO; • IDNO – OK; • IDOK –

30

, Cancel;

-

• IDES –

YES. . MSDN. (CS)

Windows XP (DS, ES) –

0x23.

0x1B, , ,

-

, .

,

. 1.7.2. (

. . 1.7.4)

Text(),

Draw-

:

int DrawText( HDC hDc, // LPCTSTR lpString, // int nLenght, // LPRECT lpRect, // UINT uFormat // );

, nLenght

lpString RECT.

в1,

-

. ( GetClientRect():

) BOOL GetClientRect( HWND hWnd, // LPRECT lpRect // // );

-

RECT

GetClientRect()

, ,

RECT. right .

,

,

left

, bottom

top

-

uFormat, :

,

DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTR | DT_VCENTR

DT_SINGLELINE ; DT_CENTR –

, ; DT_VCENTR –

31

-

1.7.3. : 0x00bbggrr, . RGB(R,G,B).

32b –

( ,g –

COLORREF), ,r–

-

(text color) SetTextColor(), COLORREF SetTextColor(HDC hDc, COLORREF crColor);

color), . . COLORREF

(background , :

, SetBkColor(),

SetBkColor(HDC hDc, COLORREF crColor);

hDc –

,

crColor –

. . (background

mode)

mix

SetBkMode,

int SetBkMode(HDC hDc, int uMode);

uMode : OPAQUE –

, . . ; TRANSPARENT – , -

, . . .

, : –

, – OPAQUE.

–

1.7.4.Т

,

Windows Windows

, .

,

, . SetTimer() WM_TIMER.

, UINT SetTimer( HWND hWnd,

// // UINT uTimerID, // UINT uInterval,// // TIMERPROC fnTimerProc

// //

);

32

-

uInterval (hWnd). fnTimerProc ,

-

WM_TIMER,

CALLBACK– .

NULL ,

, fnTimerProc. , DispatchMessage() , . . , CALLBACK– . , CALLBACK– .

, WM_TIMER

-

: VOID CALLBACK TimerProc( HWND hWnd, // UINT uMsg, //WM_TIMER UINT_PTR idEvent, // DWORD dwTime // // );

, Windows

-

, SetTimer() NULL. KillTimer() BOOL KillTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT_PTR idEvent );

.

// //

1.7.5. Windows. /* /* #define UNICODE #ifdef UNICODE #define _UNICODE #endif */ #define STRICT #include #include /* tchar.h ,

*/

, UNICODE,

33

UNICODE ANSI

,

, string.h

*/ #include /* */ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); /* */ void OutTimeDate(HWND); /* */ TCHAR szCurrentTime[40]; int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { /* */ TCHAR szTitle[]=_TEXT(" "); /* */ TCHAR szWindowClass[]=_TEXT("QWERTY"); /* msg

MSG

*/ MSG msg; /* wcex

WNDCLASSEX

*/ WNDCLASSEX wcex; HWND hWnd; // /* , if(hWnd=FindWindow(szWindowClass,NULL)) { /* , if(IsIconic(hWnd)) ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_RESTORE); /* SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); return FALSE; } /* wcex*/ memset(&wcex,0,sizeof(WNDCLASSEX)); /* */ wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; /* wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; //wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; //wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance;// /* , LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_?_?))

34

*/ */ */

*/

*/ wcex.hIcon = (HICON)LoadImage(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION, IMAGE_ICON,32,32,0); /* */ wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); /* : wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_APPWORKSPACE+1); wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(LTGRAY_BRUSH); GetStockBrush(), windowsx.h */ wcex.hbrBackground=GetStockBrush(LTGRAY_BRUSH); /*wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MSG_1);*/ /* */ wcex.lpszClassName /*

= szWindowClass; , wcex.hIconSm, LoadImage()

*/ wcex.hIconSm = NULL; if(!RegisterClassEx(&wcex)) return FALSE; /* */ hWnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE,szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,0,CW_USEDEFAULT,0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) return FALSE; /* . , , */ TCHAR szAsm[80]; USHORT regCS,regDS,regES,regSS; __asm{ mov regCS,CS mov regDS,DS mov regES,ES mov regSS,SS } wsprintf((LPTSTR)szAsm,_T("CS=%X,DS=%X\nES=%X,SS=%X\n WinMain=%X\nszWindowClass=%X"), regCS,regDS,regES,regSS); MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)szAsm,_T(" "), MB_ICONINFORMATION); /* */ ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL); /* UpdateWindow() WM_PAINT , InvalidateRect() WM_PAINT ,

35

-

*/ UpdateWindow(hWnd); /* */ while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } /* */ return (int)msg.wParam; } /* */ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { /* */ int xSize=500; /* */ int ySize=300; /* PAINTSTRUCT , BeginPaint */ PAINTSTRUCT ps; /* TEXTMETRIC */ TEXTMETRIC tm; /* LOGFONT */ LOGFONT lf; static HFONT hFont, hOldFont; /* RECT */ RECT rect; LPMINMAXINFO lpmmi; /* */ HDC hDc; UINT width, height; /* */ LPTSTR lpszFace=_TEXT("Times New Roman Cyr"); switch (message) { /* (msg)*/ case WM_CREATE: /* , SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(200,160,255)); (hInstance) , : hInst = GetModuleHandle(NULL); hInst = (HINSTANCE)GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HMODULE); */ /* lf*/ memset(&lf,0,sizeof(lf)); /* */

.

36

lf.lfHeight=30; /* */ lstrcpy(lf.lfFaceName,lpszFace); /* */ hFont = CreateFontIndirect(&lf); /* */ OutTimeDate(hWnd); /* SetTimer 1 */ SetTimer(hWnd,1,1000,(TIMERPROC)NULL); return TRUE; case WM_TIMER: /* OutTimeDate , . */ OutTimeDate(hWnd); break; case WM_KEYDOWN: /* .*/ switch(wParam) { case VK_ESCAPE: /* WM_CLOSE (hWnd), , , SendMessage. */ SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0); break; } break; case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) //switch(wParam) { case ID_FILE_TEST: //… break; } break; case WM_PAINT: /* */ hDc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); /* */ GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect); /* */ hOldFont=SelectFont(hDc,hFont); /* */ GetTextMetrics(hDc,&tm); /* SetBkMode . TRANSPARENT , . . . */

37

-

-

SetBkMode(hDc,TRANSPARENT); /* SetTextColor , .

!

*/ SetTextColor(hDc,RGB(0,0,128)); DrawText(hDc,szCurrentTime,-1,&rect, DT_SINGLELINE|DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER); /* */ EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break; case WM_CLOSE: /* WM_CLOSE -

-

*/ if(MessageBox(hWnd,_T("

?"), _T("Bad boys"), MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDYES) {

/* DestroyWindow , . . WM_DESTROY. PostQuitMessage, */ DestroyWindow(hWnd); } break; case WM_SIZE: /* width height

WM_QUIT

*/ width=LOWORD(lParam); height=HIWORD(lParam); //... break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: /* Shift ?*/ if(wParam & MK_SHIFT) { MessageBox(hWnd,_T(" \nShift"), _T(" !"), MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); } break; case WM_GETMINMAXINFO: lpmmi=(LPMINMAXINFO)lParam; lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.y=ySize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.y=ySize; break; case WM_DESTROY: /* DeleteObject .

38

, ,

,

,

.

*/ /* DeleteObject(hFont); /* KillTimer KillTimer(hWnd,1); /*PostQuitMessage()

*/ */ WM_QUIT.

-

,

wParam

*/ PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: /*

*/

return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message,wParam, lParam); } return 0L; } /* */ void OutTimeDate(HWND hWnd) { LPTSTR szDay[]={_T(" ."),_T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" .") }; LPTSTR szMonth[]={_T(""),_T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" "),_T(" ."), _T(" "),_T(" "), _T(" "),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" .") }; TCHAR szT[20]; SYSTEMTIME SystemTime; /* GetLocalTime , , . . SYSTEMTIME . */ GetLocalTime(&SystemTime); /* */ lstrcpy(szCurrentTime, szDay[SystemTime.wDayOfWeek]); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime, szMonth[SystemTime.wMonth]); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */

39

-

wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wDay); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wYear); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T("---")); /** */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wHour); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wMinute); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wSecond); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ InvalidateRect(hWnd,NULL,TRUE); }

. 2.

. 2. 2.

2.1.

,

, ,

,

. .

40

,

-

.RC. , .RES. .OBJ

-

.RES

.EXE. ,

-

. . 2.2. Windows. (menu bar), (main menu) .

. , ,

. ,

-

. (hotkey), . :

1)

-

–

(

)

-

, ; 2) pup menu) • •

(po-

– ,

. :

WM_COMMAND,

– , . .

; -

–

, . . -

( , ). (enabled),

(disabled) . (enabled),

-

(grayed). (disabled) (grayed)

41

,

.

,

(grayed).

EnableMenuItem(),

:

BOOL EnableMenuItem( HMENU hMenu, UINT uIDEnableItem, UINT uEnable

// // // //

);

EnableMenuItem() , . , uIDEnableItem.

, , ,

. в uEnable.

uEnable

. • MF_BUCOMMAND –

:

• MF_BYPOSITION –

uIDEnableItem

-

uIDEnableItem . :

-

; ,

; • MF_ENABLED – ; • MF_DISABLED – . • MF_GRAYED – : MF_BYCOMMAND | MF_GRAYED.

EnableMenuItem() , DrawMenuBar() DrawMenuBar():

.

-

BOOL DrawMenuBar(HWND hWnd);

«

(

»)

.

(check box). . -

. ) : DWORD ChecMenuItem( HMENU hMenu, // UINT uIDCheckItem, // UINT uCheck // // );

42

( CheckMenuItem(),

ChecMenuItem() ,

-

в1.

. , uIDCheckItem.

,

-

, . − uCheck. uCheck

.

• MF_BUCOMMAND –

: uIDCheckItem

• MF_BYPOSITION –

-

; uIDCheckItem .

,

-

• MF_CHECKED – • MF_UNCHECKED – : MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_CHECKED.

: ; . -

MF_BYCOMMAND. dio button),

,

(ra. . .

,

, . -

(

CheckMenuRadioItem(),

)

BOOL CheckMenuRadioItem( HMENU hMenu, // UINT idFirst, // // UINT idLast, // // UINT idCheck, // // UINT uFlags // //idLast );

:

idFirst, idCheck

CheckMenuRadioItem() , . , idCheck.

, idFirst, idLast

. uFlags,

в1.

-

idCheck , -

: 43

• MF_BYCOMMAND –

• MF_BYPOSITION –

; . , resource.h . -

, , .

. ,

.

Windows SetMenuDefaultItem() «

-

»,

: BOOL SetMenuDefaultItem( HMENU hMenu, UINT uItem, UINT fByPos );

(hMenu)

–

GetMenu(), GetSubMenu().

:

HMENU GetMenu(HWND hWnd); HMENU GetSubMenu( HWND hWnd, // int nPos // // );

–

GetMenu()

-

NULL,

hWnd

. nPos GetMenu() •

nPos ,

, NULL.

. -

. : ,

( Project -> Add -

Visual Studio Resourse -> Menu , ); , . . • CreateMenu(), AppendMenu(), CreatePopupMenu() SetMenu(); LoadMenuIndi• rect(), ( – SetMenu()).

44

LoadMenuIndirect(): HMENU LoadMenuIndirect(CONST MENUTEMPLATE * lpMenuTemplate);

, , lpszMenuName , IDR_MENU1 ( ), ,

, -

WNDCLASSEX.

MAKEINTRESOURCE,

:

wc.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1);

CreateWindowEx() NULL. ,

hMenu . , . .

, -

, : 1) 2)

LoadMenu() , ,

; SetMenu(), (hMenu),

LoadMenu() ( ). LoadMenu() SetMenu()

-

: HMENU LoadMenu(HINSTANCE hInstance,LPCTSTR lpMenuName); BOLL SetMenu(HWND hWnd, HMENU hMenu);

, . . (

2.3). ,

. , popup ( )

, -

. . .

,

: 1) CreateMenu() 2) 3) 4) ; 5) 6) 7)

, , CreatePopupMenu(); AppendMenu() ; , , . 1,2 3 ,

, ; CreateMenu(); -

AppendMenu(); SetMenu(); 45

DrawMenuBar(), , , UpdateWindow(). DrawMenuBar(), CreateMenu() CreatePopupMenu() : 8)

-

BOOL DrawMenuBar(HWND hWnd); HMENU CreateMenu(VOID); HMENU CreatePopupMenu(VOID);

AppendMenu()

. ,

BOOL AppendMenu( HMENU hMenu,

// // UINT uFlags // // UINT idNewItem, // // LPCTSTR lpszNewItem

. ,

// //

(

uFlags)

);

• • • •

uFlags ( MF_POPUP – MFS_CHECKED – MFS_DEFAULT – MFS_GRAYED –

• MFS_HILITE – • MFT_STRING –

MSDN): ; ;

,

; -

; ;

. DestroyMenu() , , , CreateMenu() CreatePopupMenu(). , . , DestroyMenu() , . DestroyMenu(): BOOL DestroyMenu(HMENU hMenu);

2.3. /* resource.h */ // //{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}} // Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file. // Used by 1111.rc 46

-

, -

// #define IDD_DIALOGBAR #define IDC_BUTTON1 #define IDC_STATIC_1

103 1002 1003

// Next default values for new objects // #ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED #ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS #define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE #define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE #define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE #define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE #endif #endif

101 40001 1004 101

1111.rc ,

:

//////////// // Microsoft Visual C++ generated resource script. // #include "resource.h" //... /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Dialog // IDD_DIALOGBAR DIALOGEX 0, 0, 153, 62 STYLE DS_SETFONT | DS_MODALFRAME | WS_POPUP | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU CAPTION " " FONT 10, "Lucida Console", 700, 0, 0xCC BEGIN PUSHBUTTON "Ok",IDOK,105,42,41,14,BS_CENTER CTEXT " \n \n2009", IDC_STATIC,44,14,63,26,WS_TABSTOP END /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /* 1111.cpp */ /* */ /* #define UNICODE #ifdef UNICODE #define _UNICODE #endif */ #define STRICT #include #include /* tchar.h , UNICODE , UNICODE, ANSI , , string.h */ #include

47

#include "resource.h" /* , resource.h */ #define ID_FILE_TEST 40001 #define ID_FILE_EXIT 40002 #define ID_HELP_ABOUT 40003 /* */ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); /* */ INT_PTR CALLBACK AboutProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); /* */ VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND,UINT,UINT_PTR,DWORD); /* */ void OutTimeDate(HWND); */ /* HMENU hFileMenu,hHelpMenu,hMenu; /* */ HFONT hFont,hOldFont; /* */ TCHAR szCurrentTime[40]; int nTime=5;// 5 int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow) { /* */ TCHAR szTitle[]=_TEXT(" "); /* */ TCHAR szWindowClass[]=_TEXT("QWERTY"); /* msg

MSG

*/ MSG msg; /* wcex

WNDCLASSEX

*/ WNDCLASSEX wcex; HWND hWnd; // /* , if(hWnd=FindWindow(szWindowClass,NULL)) { /* , if(IsIconic(hWnd)) ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_RESTORE); /* SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); return FALSE;

48

*/ */ */

} /* wcex*/ memset(&wcex,0,sizeof(WNDCLASSEX)); /* */ wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; /* */ wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; //wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; //wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance;// /* , LoadImage() */ wcex.hIcon = (HICON)LoadImage(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION, IMAGE_ICON,32,32,0); /* */ wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); /* : wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_APPWORKSPACE+1); wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(LTGRAY_BRUSH); GetStockBrush(), windowsx.h */ wcex.hbrBackground=GetStockBrush(LTGRAY_BRUSH); //wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MSG_1); /* */ wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = NULL; if(!RegisterClassEx(&wcex)) return FALSE; /* */ hWnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE,szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,0,CW_USEDEFAULT,0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) return FALSE; /* . , , */ TCHAR szAsm[80]; USHORT regCS,regDS,regES,regSS; __asm{ mov regCS,CS mov regDS,DS mov regES,ES mov regSS,SS } wsprintf((LPTSTR)szAsm,_T("CS=%X,DS=%X\nES=%X,SS=%X\n WinMain=%X\nszWindowClass=%X"), regCS,regDS,regES,regSS);

49

MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)szAsm,_T(" "), MB_ICONINFORMATION); /* hFileMenu=CreatePopupMenu() "Test" */ AppendMenu((hFileMenu=CreatePopupMenu()), MF_ENABLED | MFT_STRING, ID_FILE_TEST,_TEXT("&Test")); /* "Exit" */ AppendMenu(hFileMenu,MF_GRAYED | MFT_STRING, ID_FILE_EXIT,_TEXT("&Exit")); /* hHelpMenu=CreatePopupMenu() "About" */ AppendMenu((hHelpMenu=CreatePopupMenu()), MF_ENABLED|MFT_STRING, ID_HELP_ABOUT,_TEXT("&About")); /* hMenu=CreateMenu() "File" " */ AppendMenu((hMenu=CreateMenu()), MF_ENABLED | MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hFileMenu, _TEXT("&File")); /* "Help" */ AppendMenu(hMenu,MF_ENABLED|MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hHelpMenu,_TEXT("&Help")); / * "QUIT" */ AppendMenu(hMenu,MF_GRAYED,(UINT_PTR)11, _TEXT("Quit")); /* */ SetMenu(hWnd,hMenu); /* */ ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL); /* UpdateWindow() WM_PAINT , InvalidateRect() WM_PAINT , */ UpdateWindow(hWnd); /* */ DrawMenuBar(hWnd); /* */ while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {

50

TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } /* */ return (int)msg.wParam; } /* */ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { /* */ int xSize=500; /* */ int ySize=300; /* PAINTSTRUCT ( BeginPaint) */ PAINTSTRUCT ps; /* TEXTMETRIC */ TEXTMETRIC tm; /* LOGFONT */ LOGFONT lf; /* RECT– , */ RECT rect; LPMINMAXINFO lpmmi; Static HFONT hFont,hOldFont; /* HDC hDc; /* width height

*/

*/ UINT width, height; /* */ LPTSTR lpszFace=_TEXT("Times New Roman Cur"); switch (message) { /* (msg)*/ case WM_CREATE: /* . , SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(200,160,255));

, : hInst=GetModuleHandle(NULL); hInst=(HINSTANCE)GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HMODULE); */ /* lf*/ memset(&lf,0,sizeof(lf)); 51

/* */ lf.lfHeight=30; /* */ lstrcpy(lf.lfFaceName,lpszFace); /* */ hFont=CreateFontIndirect(&lf); /*

*/ OutTimeDate(hWnd);

/* SetTimer 1 */ SetTimer(hWnd,1,1000,(TIMERPROC)NULL); return TRUE; case WM_TIMER: /* OutTimeDate , . */ OutTimeDate(hWnd); break; case WM_KEYDOWN: /* .*/ switch(wParam) { case VK_ESCAPE: /* WM_CLOSE (hWnd), , , SendMessage */ SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0); break; } break; case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) //switch(wParam) { case ID_FILE_TEST: /* ID_FILE_EXIT */ EnableMenuItem(hFileMenu,ID_FILE_EXIT, MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_ENABLED); /* ( ) ID_FILE_TEST*/ CheckMenuItem(hFileMenu,ID_FILE_TEST, MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_CHECKED); /* "QUIT"*/ EnableMenuItem(GetMenu(hWnd), (UINT_PTR)11,MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_ENABLED); /* ,

DrawMenuBar

*/ DrawMenuBar(hWnd);

52

/* nTime */ SetTimer(hWnd,2,nTime*1000, (TIMERPROC)TimerProc); break; case ID_FILE_EXIT: /* PostQuitMessage WM_QUIT */ PostQuitMessage(0); /* , . . SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0); */ break; case ID_HELP_ABOUT: /* DialogBox IDD_ABOUTBOX, WndProc . */ DialogBox(GetModuleHandle()NULL, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOGBAR), hWnd, (DLGPROC)AboutProc); break; case (UINT)11: /* PostQuitMessage WM_QUIT */ PostQuitMessage(0); break; } break; case WM_PAINT: /* */ hDc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); /* */ GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect); /* */ hOldFont=SelectFont(hDc,hFont); /* ( )*/ GetTextMetrics(hDc,&tm); /* SetBkMode . TRANSPARENT , . .

-

-

-

*/ SetBkMode(hDc,TRANSPARENT); /* SetTextColor , !

.

*/ SetTextColor(hDc,RGB(0,0,128)); DrawText(hDc,szCurrentTime,-1,&rect, DT_SINGLELINE|DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER); /* */

53

EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break; case WM_CLOSE: /* WM_CLOSE -

-

*/ if(MessageBox(hWnd,_T(" ?"), _T(" !"), MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDYES) { /* DestroyWindow , . . WM_DESTROY. PostQuitMessage, */ DestroyWindow(hWnd); } break; case WM_SIZE: /* width height

WM_QUIT

*/ width=LOWORD(lParam); height=HIWORD(lParam); //... break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: /* Shift ?*/ if(wParam & MK_SHIFT) { MessageBox(hWnd,_T(" \nShift"), _T("Bad boys"), MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); } break; case WM_GETMINMAXINFO: lpmmi=(LPMINMAXINFO)lParam; /* */ lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.y=ySize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.y=ySize; break; case WM_DESTROY: /* DeleteObject , , , */ /* */ DeleteObject(hFont); /* KillTimer

54

. ,

*/

-

KillTimer(hWnd,1); /* PostQuitMessage()

WM_QUIT.

-

,

wParam

*/ PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: /* */ return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } return 0L; } /* */ INT_PTR CALLBACK AboutProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: /* TRUE */ return (INT_PTR)TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if(LOWORD(wParam)==IDOK || LOWORD(wParam)== IDCANCEL) { EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam)); return (INT_PTR)TRUE; } break; } /* FALSE */ return (INT_PTR)FALSE; } /* */ void OutTimeDate(HWND hWnd) { LPTSTR szDay[]={_T(" ."),_T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" .") }; LPTSTR szMonth[]={_T(""),_T(" _T(" _T(" _T("

55

."),_T(" "),_T(" "),_T(" "),_T("

."), ."), "), ."),

_T(" _T(" }; TCHAR szT[20]; SYSTEMTIME SystemTime; /* GetLocalTime ,

."),_T(" ."),_T("

."), .")

, . . SYSTEMTIME

.

*/ GetLocalTime(&SystemTime); /* */ lstrcpy(szCurrentTime, szDay[SystemTime.wDayOfWeek]); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime, szMonth[SystemTime.wMonth]); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wDay); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); */ /* wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wYear); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T("---")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wHour); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wMinute); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wSecond); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ InvalidateRect(hWnd,NULL,TRUE); } /* */ VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND hWnd,UINT uMsg, UINT_PTR idEvent,DWORD dwTime) { TCHAR szTimer[100]; KillTimer(hWnd,2); wsprintf(szTimer, _T(" \n Test\n %d c!"),

56

nTime); MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)szTimer, _T(" "),MB_ICONHAND); }

. 3.

. 3.

Щ

3. • Toolbar ( ; • Statusbar (

: )–

-

)–

, . . , .

,

57

InitCommonControlsEx(), . commctrl.h. : #include

, comctl32.lib.

:

BOOL InitCommonControlsEx( LPINITCOMMONCONTROLSEX lpInitCtrls);

lpInitCtrls – INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX,

, .

: typedef struct tagINITCOMMONCONTROLSEX { DWORD dwSize; // DWORD dwICC; // DLL } INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX, *LPINITCOMMONCONTROLSEX;

dwICC ( MSDN): ICC_BAR_CLASSES – toolbar, status bar, slider, tooltip; • • ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS – progress bar; • ICC_TREEVIEW_CLASSES – tree view. Toolbar Statusbar

-

-

WM_CREATE. 3.1. –

,

-

,

. .

-

. , . . . , WM_COMMAND

, . ,

, .

, -

, , .

,

,

(combo box). CreateWindowEx().

58

: 1) 2)

; TBBUTTON,

-

; CreateToolBarEx() .

3)

Project

Visual Studio в> Add Resource в> Toolbar

New. . ,

. , .

, .rc) ( (

-

toolbar1.bmp). IDR_TOOLBAR1.

(1112.rc)

, :

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Toolbar // IDR_TOOLBAR1 TOOLBAR 16, 15 BEGIN BUTTON ID_BUTTON40001 BUTTON ID_BUTTON40002 BUTTON ID_BUTTON40003 END /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Bitmap // IDR_TOOLBAR1

BITMAP

"toolbar1.bmp"

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CreateToolBarEx() TBBUTTON ( TBBUTTON : typedef struct _TBBUTTON{ int iBitmap; // // //( int idCommand; //

− TBBUTTON tbb [Num];). commctrl.h , – ) ,

59

-

BYTE fsState; BYTE fsStyle; DWORD dwData; INT_PTR iString; // } TBBUTTON;

// // // // // //

WM_COMMAND 0L ,

fsState : • TBSTATE_CHECKED –

TBSTYLE_CHECK),

(

• TBSTATE_PRESSED – ; TBSTATE_ENABLED – •

-

; , , . .

-

(

), ,

,

• TBSTATE_HIDDEN – • TBSTATE_INDETERMINATE – ). fsStyle • : TBSTYLE_BUTTON – • ; • TBSTYLE_SEP – ;

(

); ( , , -

; • TBSTYLE_CHECK – (check box); • TBSTYLE_GROUP – ,

, , , . . (radio button);

, • TBSTYLE_CHECKGROUP – TBSTYLE_CHECK TBSTYLE_GROUP. dwData

. .

, TB_GETBUTTON. iString

, ).

( TB_ADDSTRING, lParam). ( ,

-

–

. iString

, . 60

-

CreateToolBarEx() ( InitCommonControlsEx()). CreateToolBarEx(): HWND CreateToolBarEx( HWND hWnd, // DWORD ws, // UINT wID, // int nBitmaps, HINSTANCE hInst,

// // //

UINT wBMID,

// // LPCTBBUTTON lpButtons,

int iNumButtons, int dxButton, int dyButtons, int dxBitmap, // int dyBitmap, // UINT uSructSize // };

// //(TBBUTTON) // // //

ws .

. WS_CHILD. ,

ws

WS_VISIBLE WS_BORDER, − CCS ADJUSTABLE. TBSTYLE_TOOLTIPS . wID . , , resource.h. dxButton, dyButton, dxBitmap dyBitmap NULL, : 16,15,16,15. toolbar WM_CREATE.

ё . . TB_AUTOSIZE -

,

. wParam

WM_SIZE. lParam

, 61

:

SendMessage(hWndTb, TB_AUTOSIZE, 0, 0);

,

.

.

( )

-

BOOL GetWindowRect( HWND hWnd, // // LPRECT lpRect // );

RECT

3.1.1. /* resource.h */ //{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}} // Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file. // Used by 1112.rc // #define IDR_TOOLBAR1 101 #define IDD_DIALOGBAR 103 #define IDC_BUTTON1 1002 #define IDC_STATIC_1 1003 #define ID_BUTTON40001 40001 #define ID_BUTTON40002 40002 #define ID_BUTTON40003 40003 // Next default values for new objects // #ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED #ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS #define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE #define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE #define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE #define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE #endif #endif /* 1112.rc 59*/ /* 1112.cpp */ /*#define UNICODE #ifdef UNICODE #define _UNICODE #endif */ #define STRICT #include #include #include 62

103 40004 1004 101 .

/* tchar.h

, , ,

UNICODE, ,

UNICODE ANSI

string.h */ #include #include "resource.h" /* ,

resource.h */ #define ID_FILE_TEST 40001 #define ID_FILE_EXIT 40002 #define ID_HELP_ABOUT 40003 /* */ #define IDT_TOOLBAR 400 /* */ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); /* */ INT_PTR CALLBACK AboutProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); /* . */ VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND,UINT,UINT_PTR,DWORD); /* . */ void OutTimeDate(HWND); /* */ HMENU hFileMenu, hHelpMenu, hMenu; /* */ HFONT hFont, hOldFont; /* . */ HWND hWndTb; /* */ TCHAR szCurrentTime[40]; /* 5 */ int nTime=5; /* TBBUTTON*/ TBBUTTON tBb[]= { {0,ID_FILE_TEST,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_BUTTON,0L,0}, {1,ID_FILE_EXIT,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_BUTTON,0L,0}, {0,0,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_SEP,0L,1}, {2,ID_HELP_ABOUT,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_BUTTON,0L,0} };

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow) {

63

/* */ TCHAR szWindowClass[]=_TEXT("QWERTY"); /* */ TCHAR szTitle[]=_TEXT(" /* Msg Windows */ MSG msg; /* C wcex

"); MSG

-

WNDCLASSEX

*/ WNDCLASSEX wcex; /* */ HWND hWnd; /* , */ if(hWnd=FindWindow(szWindowClass,NULL)) { /* , */ if(IsIconic(hWnd)) ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_RESTORE); /*

.

.

. */

SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); return FALSE; } /* wcex*/ memset(&wcex,0,sizeof(WNDCLASSEX)); /* */ wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; /* */ wcex.lpfnWndProc= (WNDPROC)WndProc; //wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; //wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance; // /* , LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_?_?)) */ wcex.hIcon = (HICON)LoadImage(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION, IMAGE_ICON,32,32,0); /* */ wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); /* :

64

wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_APPWORKSPACE+1); wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(LTGRAY_BRUSH); GetStockBrush(), windowsx.h */ wcex.hbrBackground=GetStockBrush(LTGRAY_BRUSH); /*wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MSG_1);*/ /* */ wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = NULL; /* LoadImage()*/ if(!RegisterClassEx(&wcex)) return FALSE; /* Common Control Library */ INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX iCc; iCc.dwSize=sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX); iCc.dwICC=ICC_WIN95_CLASSES; InitCommonControlsEx(&iCc); /* */ hWnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE,szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,0,CW_USEDEFAULT,0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) return FALSE; /* . , , */ TCHAR szAsm[80]; USHORT regCS,regDS,regES,regSS; __asm{ mov regCS,CS mov regDS,DS mov regES,ES mov regSS,SS } wsprintf((LPTSTR)szAsm,_T("CS=%X,DS=%X\nES=%X,SS=%X\n WinMain=%X\nszWindowClass=%X"), regCS,regDS,regES,regSS); MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)szAsm,_T(" "), MB_ICONINFORMATION); /* hFileMenu=CreatePopupMenu() "Test" */ AppendMenu((hFileMenu=CreatePopupMenu()), MF_ENABLED | MFT_STRING, ID_FILE_TEST,_TEXT("&Test")); /*

65

"Exit" */ AppendMenu(hFileMenu,MF_GRAYED | MFT_STRING, ID_FILE_EXIT,_TEXT("&Exit")); /* hHelpMenu=CreatePopupMenu() "About" */ AppendMenu((hHelpMenu=CreatePopupMenu()), MF_ENABLED|MFT_STRING, ID_HELP_ABOUT,_TEXT("&About")); /* hMenu=CreateMenu() "File" " */ AppendMenu((hMenu=CreateMenu()), MF_ENABLED | MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hFileMenu, _TEXT("&File")); /* "Help" */ AppendMenu(hMenu,MF_ENABLED|MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hHelpMenu,_TEXT("&Help")); / * "QUIT" */ AppendMenu(hMenu,MF_GRAYED,(UINT_PTR)11, _TEXT("Quit")); /* */ SetMenu(hWnd,hMenu); /* */ ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL); /* UpdateWindow() WM_PAINT , InvalidateRect() WM_PAINT , */ UpdateWindow(hWnd); /* */ DrawMenuBar(hWnd); /*

*/

while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } /* */ return (int)msg.wParam; } /* */ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

66

{

/* int xSize=500; /* int ySize=300; /* PAINTSTRUCT ( */ PAINTSTRUCT ps; /* TEXTMETRIC -

*/ */ BeginPaint).

. */ TEXTMETRIC tm; /* LOGFONT . */ LOGFONT lf; Static HFONT hFont,hOldFont; /* RECT– , */ RECT rect, rcTb; HDC hDc; /* HeightTb */ static UINT, HeightTb; /* width height . */ UINT width,height; int aWidth[PartN],SbWidth;

.

LPTSTR lpszFace=_TEXT("Times New Roman Cyr"); switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: /* , SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(200,160,255)); (hInstance) , : hInst = GetModuleHandle(NULL); hInst = (HINSTANCE)GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HMODULE); */ /* lf*/ memset(&lf,0,sizeof(lf)); /* */ lf.lfHeight=30; /* */ lstrcpy(lf.lfFaceName,lpszFace); /* */ hFont=CreateFontIndirect(&lf); /* */ OutTimeDate(hWnd); /* SetTimer

.

67

1 */ SetTimer(hWnd,1,1000,(TIMERPROC)NULL); /* Toolbar*/ hWndTb=CreateToolbarEx(hWnd, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER|TBSTYLE_TOOLTIPS, /* */ IDT_TOOLBAR, 3, GetModuleHandle(NULL), /* */ IDR_TOOLBAR1, (LPCTBBUTTON)tBb, 4, 0,0, 0,0, sizeof(TBBUTTON)); if(hWndTb==NULL) return FALSE; /* ToolBar (

).

*/ GetWindowRect(hWndTb,&rcTb); /* ToolBar .*/ HeightTb=rcTb.bottom-rcTb.top; return TRUE; case WM_TIMER: /* OutTimeDate , . */ OutTimeDate(hWnd); break; case WM_KEYDOWN: switch(wParam) /* switch(wParam) { case VK_ESCAPE: /*

-

WM_CLOSE

.*/

(hWnd),

,

, SendMessage

*/ SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0); break; } break; case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) //switch(wParam) { case ID_FILE_TEST: /* ID_FILE_EXIT. */

68

EnableMenuItem(hFileMenu,ID_FILE_EXIT, MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_ENABLED); /* ( ) ID_FILE_TEST */ CheckMenuItem(hFileMenu,ID_FILE_TEST, MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_CHECKED); /* "QUIT"*/ EnableMenuItem(GetMenu(hWnd), (UINT_PTR)11,MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_ENABLED); /* ,

DrawMenuBar

*/ DrawMenuBar(hWnd); /* nTime */ SetTimer(hWnd,2,nTime*1000, (TIMERPROC)TimerProc); break; case ID_FILE_EXIT: /* PostQuitMessage WM_QUIT */ PostQuitMessage(0); /* , . . , SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0) WM_CLOSE; */ break; case ID_HELP_ABOUT: /* DialogBox IDD_ABOUTBOX, WndProc */ DialogBox(GetModuleHandle(NULL), MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOGBAR), hWnd, (DLGPROC)AboutProc); break; case (UINT)11: /* PostQuitMessage WM_QUIT */ PostQuitMessage(0); break; } break; case WM_PAINT: /* */ hDc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); /* */ hOldFont=SelectFont(hDc,hFont); /* ( )*/ GetTextMetrics(hDc,&tm);

69

-

-

/* c */ GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect); rect.top+=HeightTb;

.

/* SetBkMode TRANSPARENT -

. ,

. .

*/ SetBkMode(hDc,TRANSPARENT); /* SetTextColor , !

.

*/ SetTextColor(hDc,RGB(0,0,128)); DrawText(hDc,szCurrentTime,-1,&rect, DT_SINGLELINE|DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER); /* */ EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break; case WM_CLOSE: /* WM_CLOSE -

-

*/ if(MessageBox(hWnd,_T(" ?"), _T(" !"), MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDYES) { /* DestroyWindow , . . WM_DESTROY. PostQuitMessage, */ DestroyWindow(hWnd); } break; case WM_SIZE: /* width

height

*/ width=LOWORD(lParam); height=HIWORD(lParam); /* Toolbar , SendMessage(hWndTb,WM_SIZE,wParam,lParam); */ SendMessage(hWndTb,TB_AUTOSIZE,0,0); break;

70

WM_QUIT

case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: if(wParam & MK_SHIFT) { MessageBox(hWnd,_T(" \nShift"), _T(" !"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); } break; case WM_GETMINMAXINFO: lpmmi=(LPMINMAXINFO)lParam; /* */ lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.y=ySize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.y=ySize; break; case WM_DESTROY: /* DeleteObject . , , , , . */ /* */ DeleteObject(hFont); /* KillTimer */ KillTimer(hWnd,1); /* PostQuitMessage() WM_QUIT. , wParam */ PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: /* */ return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam,lParam); } return 0L; } /* */ INT_PTR CALLBACK AboutProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: /* TRUE. */ return (INT_PTR)TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if(LOWORD(wParam)==IDOK || LOWORD(wParam)== IDCANCEL) { EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam)); return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

71

} break; } /* FALSE. */ return (INT_PTR)FALSE; } /* */ void OutTimeDate(HWND hWnd) { LPTSTR szDay[]={_T(" ."),_T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" .") }; LPTSTR szMonth[]={_T(""),_T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" "),_T(" ."), _T(" "),_T(" "), _T(" "),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" .") }; TCHAR szT[20]; SYSTEMTIME SystemTime; /* GetLocalTime , , . . SYSTEMTIME . */ GetLocalTime(&SystemTime); /* */ lstrcpy(szCurrentTime, szDay[SystemTime.wDayOfWeek]); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime, szMonth[SystemTime.wMonth]); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wDay); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wYear); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T("---")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wHour); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT);

72

-

/* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wMinute); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wSecond); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ InvalidateRect(hWnd,NULL,TRUE); } /* */ VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND hWnd,UINT uMsg, UINT_PTR idEvent,DWORD dwTime) { TCHAR szTimer[100]; KillTimer(hWnd,2); wsprintf(szTimer, _T(" \n Test\n %d c!"), nTime); MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)szTimer, _T(" "),MB_ICONHAND); }

. 4.

. 4. 3.2. (status bar) –

, . ,

73

-

,

.

CreateStatusWindow(),

:

HWND CreateStatusWindow( LONG style, // – //WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE LPCTSTR lpszText, // status bar HWND hWndParent, // UINT wID // status bar );

CreateStatusWindow() , lpszText. –

– NULL.

, :

1)

–

, ;

2)

–

, . -

SB_SIMPLE. lParam wParam , TRUE – status bar .

: FALSE , – :

SendMessage(hWndSb,SB_SETTEXT,0,

, SB_SETPARTS

-

,

:

SendMessage(hWndSb, SB_SETPARTS, 3, (LPARAM)ptWidth);

wParam

lParam −

,

-

, , ( status bar

status bar. ), , –1. -

. (progress bar). , SB_GETRECT, :

,

SendMessage(hWndSb, SB_GETRECT,2,(LPARAM)&rect);

wParam −

lParam –

,

,

RECT, SB_SETTEXT.

. :

SendMessage(hWndSb,SB_SETTEXT,0,

74

(LPARAM)”\tStatus bar Part 1 ”); SendMessage(hWndSb, SB_SETTEXT,1 | SBT_NOBORDERS, (LPARAM)””);

wParam

,

, • SBT_NOBORDERS – • SBT_POPOUT – • SBT_OWNERDRAW –

:

ИЛИ

-

; ; (

)

WM_DRAWITEM. lParam ,

. .

\t.

,

, ,

–

-

. ,

SB_SETMINHEIGHT,

:

SendMessage(hWndSb, SB_SETMINHEIGHT, minHeight, 0);

wParam (minHeight) − ,

lParam

. , . .

-

WM_SIZE , (WM_SIZE), lParam, :

wParam

-

SendMessage(hWndSb, WM_SIZE, wParam, lParam);

,

. .

3.2.1.

,

, . . . WM_INITDIALOG.

(modal) (modeless).

DialogBox

.

75

Project->Add

Resource->Dialog->New. . . 1113.rc. IDD_DIALOGBAR.

/*

resource.h 3.1.1. 1113.cpp*/

1113.rc

/*#define UNICODE #ifdef UNICODE #define _UNICODE #endif */ #define STRICT #include #include #include /* tchar.h , ,

-

, UNICODE, ,

UNICODE ANSI

string.h */ #include #include "resource.h" /* ,

resource.h */ #define ID_FILE_TEST 40001 #define ID_FILE_EXIT 40002 #define ID_HELP_ABOUT 40003 /* */ #define #define #define /* LRESULT /* INT_PTR /*

IDT_TOOLBAR 400 IDS_STATUSBAR 401 PartN 3 */ CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); */ CALLBACK AboutProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

*/ VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND,UINT,UINT_PTR,DWORD); /* */ void OutTimeDate(HWND); /*

76

*/ HMENU hFileMenu,hHelpMenu,hMenu; /* */ HWND hWndSb,hWndTb; /* */ TCHAR szCurrentTime[40]; /* 5 */ int nTime=5; /* TBBUTTON*/ TBBUTTON tBb[]= { {0,ID_FILE_TEST,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_BUTTON,0L,0}, {1,ID_FILE_EXIT,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_BUTTON,0L,0}, {0,0,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_SEP,0L,1}, {2,ID_HELP_ABOUT,TBSTATE_ENABLED,TBSTYLE_BUTTON,0L,0} };

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nCmdShow) { /* */ TCHAR szWindowClass[]=_TEXT("QWERTY"); /* */ TCHAR szTitle[]=_TEXT(" "); /* Msg MSG Windows */ MSG msg; /* C wcex WNDCLASSEX */ WNDCLASSEX wcex; HWND hWnd; // /* , */ if(hWnd=FindWindow(szWindowClass,NULL)) { /* , */ if(IsIconic(hWnd)) ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_RESTORE); /* */

SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); return FALSE; } /* wcex*/ memset(&wcex,0,sizeof(WNDCLASSEX)); /* */

77

-

.

.

wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; /* */ wcex.lpfnWndProc= (WNDPROC)WndProc; //wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; //wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance; // /* , LoadImage(). */ wcex.hIcon = (HICON)LoadImage(hInstance, IDI_APPLICATION, IMAGE_ICON,32,32,0); /* */ wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); /* : wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_APPWORKSPACE+1); wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(LTGRAY_BRUSH); GetStockBrush(), windowsx.h */ wcex.hbrBackground=GetStockBrush(LTGRAY_BRUSH); //wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_MSG_1); /* */ wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = NULL; /* LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));*/ if(!RegisterClassEx(&wcex)) return FALSE; /* Common Control Library */ INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX iCc; iCc.dwSize=sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX); iCc.dwICC=ICC_WIN95_CLASSES; InitCommonControlsEx(&iCc); /* */ hWnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE,szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,0,CW_USEDEFAULT,0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) return FALSE; /* . , , */ TCHAR szAsm[80]; USHORT regCS,regDS,regES,regSS; __asm{ mov regCS,CS mov regDS,DS

78

mov regES,ES mov regSS,SS } wsprintf((LPTSTR)szAsm,_T("CS=%X,DS=%X\nES=%X,SS=%X\n WinMain=%X\nszWindowClass=%X"), regCS,regDS,regES,regSS); MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)szAsm,_T(" "), MB_ICONINFORMATION); /*

*/

hFileMenu=CreatePopupMenu() "Test" AppendMenu((hFileMenu=CreatePopupMenu()), MF_ENABLED | MFT_STRING, ID_FILE_TEST, _TEXT("&Test"));

/* "Exit" */ AppendMenu(hFileMenu,MF_GRAYED | MFT_STRING, ID_FILE_EXIT,_TEXT("&Exit")); /* hHelpMenu=CreatePopupMenu() "About" */ AppendMenu((hHelpMenu=CreatePopupMenu()), MF_ENABLED|MFT_STRING, ID_HELP_ABOUT,_TEXT("&About")); /* hMenu=CreateMenu() "File" " */ AppendMenu((hMenu=CreateMenu()), MF_ENABLED | MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hFileMenu, _TEXT("&File")); /* "Help" */ AppendMenu(hMenu,MF_ENABLED|MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hHelpMenu,_TEXT("&Help")); / * "QUIT" */ AppendMenu(hMenu,MF_GRAYED,(UINT_PTR)11, _TEXT("Quit")); /* */ SetMenu(hWnd,hMenu); /* */ ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL); /* UpdateWindow() WM_PAINT , InvalidateRect() WM_PAINT , */

79

UpdateWindow(hWnd); /* */ DrawMenuBar(hWnd); /* */ while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } /* */ return (int)msg.wParam; } /* */ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { int xSize=500; int ySize=300; /* PAINTSTRUCT ( BeginPaint) */ PAINTSTRUCT ps; /* TEXTMETRIC . */ TEXTMETRIC tm; /* LOGFONT . */ LOGFONT lf; /* */ Static HFONT hFont,hOldFont; /* RECT– , . */ RECT rect,rcSb,rcTb; HDC hDc; /* HeightTb HeightSb . */ static UINT HeightSb,HeightTb; /* width height . */ UINT width,height; /* StatusBar*/ int aWidth[PartN],; int SbWidth; LPTSTR lpszFace=_TEXT("Times New Roman Cyr"); switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: /*

.

, SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)CreateSolidBrush(RGB(200,160,255));

80

(hInstance) , : hInst = GetModuleHandle(NULL); hInst = (HINSTANCE)GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HMODULE); */ /* lf*/ memset(&lf,0,sizeof(lf)); /* */ lf.lfHeight=30; /* */ lstrcpy(lf.lfFaceName,lpszFace); /* */ hFont=CreateFontIndirect(&lf); /* */ OutTimeDate(hWnd); /* SetTimer 1 */ SetTimer(hWnd,1,1000,(TIMERPROC)NULL); /* ToolBar*/ hWndTb=CreateToolbarEx(hWnd, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER|TBSTYLE_TOOLTIPS, IDT_TOOLBAR, 3, GetModuleHandle(NULL), IDR_TOOLBAR1, (LPCTBBUTTON)tBb, 4, 0,0, 0,0, sizeof(TBBUTTON)); if(hWndTb==NULL) return FALSE; /* ToolBar ( ). */ GetWindowRect(hWndTb,&rcTb); /* ToolBar .*/ HeightTb=rcTb.bottom-rcTb.top; /* Statusbar*/ hWndSb=CreateStatusWindow(WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE, (LPTSTR)" ", hWnd, IDS_STATUSBAR); if(hWndSb==NULL) return FALSE; /* StatusBar ( ). */ GetWindowRect(hWndSb,&rcSb); /* StatusBar */ HeightSb=rcSb.bottom-rcSb.top; return TRUE; case WM_TIMER: /* OutTimeDate ,

81

*/ OutTimeDate(hWnd); break; case WM_KEYDOWN: switch(wParam) /* switch(wParam) { case VK_ESCAPE: /*

-

WM_CLOSE

*/

(hWnd),

,

, SendMessage

*/ SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0); break; } break; case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) //switch(wParam) { case ID_FILE_TEST: /* ID_FILE_EXIT */ EnableMenuItem(hFileMenu,ID_FILE_EXIT, MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_ENABLED); /* ID_FILE_TEST*/ CheckMenuItem(hFileMenu,ID_FILE_TEST, MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_CHECKED); "QUIT"*/ /* EnableMenuItem(GetMenu(hWnd), (UINT_PTR)11,MF_BYCOMMAND|MF_ENABLED); /* ,

DrawMenuBar

*/ DrawMenuBar(hWnd); /* nTime */ SetTimer(hWnd,2,nTime*1000, (TIMERPROC)TimerProc); break; case ID_FILE_EXIT: /* PostQuitMessage WM_QUIT */ PostQuitMessage(0); /* , . . SendMessage(hWnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0); */ break; case ID_HELP_ABOUT: /* DialogBox IDD_ABOUTBOX,

82

-

WndProc

-

*/ DialogBox(GetModuleHandle(NULL), MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOGBAR), hWnd, (DLGPROC)AboutProc); break; case (UINT)11: /* PostQuitMessage WM_QUIT */ PostQuitMessage(0); break; } break; case WM_PAINT: /* */ hDc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); /* */ hOldFont=SelectFont(hDc,hFont); /* */ GetTextMetrics(hDc,&tm); /* c */ GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect); rect.top+=HeightTb; rect.bottom-=HeightSb; /* SetBkMode TRANSPARENT -

. ,

. .

*/ SetBkMode(hDc,TRANSPARENT); /* SetTextColor , !

.

*/ SetTextColor(hDc,RGB(0,0,128)); DrawText(hDc,szCurrentTime,-1,&rect, DT_SINGLELINE|DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER); /* */ EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break; case WM_CLOSE: /* WM_CLOSE */ if(MessageBox(hWnd,_T(" ?"), _T(" !"), MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDYES) { /*

83

-

DestroyWindow , . . WM_DESTROY. PostQuitMessage, */ DestroyWindow(hWnd); } break;

WM_QUIT

case WM_SIZE: /* width height . */ width=LOWORD(lParam); height=HIWORD(lParam); /* Toolbar , SendMessage(hWndTb,WM_SIZE,wParam,lParam); */ SendMessage(hWndTb,TB_AUTOSIZE,0,0); /* Statusbar . */ SendMessage(hWndSb,WM_SIZE,wParam,lParam); /* Statusbar*/ SbWidth=width/PartN;; aWidth[0]=SbWidth; aWidth[1]=SbWidth*2; aWidth[2]=-1; /* Statusbar*/ SendMessage(hWndSb, SB_SETPARTS,PartN,(LPARAM)aWidth); /* 0Statusbar*/ SendMessage(hWndSb,SB_SETTEXT,0, (LPARAM)_T("\t ")); /* 1Statusbar, */ SendMessage(hWndSb,SB_SETTEXT,1 | SBT_NOBORDERS, (LPARAM)_T("\t ")); /* 2 : SendMessage(hWndSb,SB_GETRECT,2,(LPARAM)&reSb); */ break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: if(wParam & MK_SHIFT) { MessageBox(hWnd,_T(" \nShift"), _T(" !"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION); } break; case WM_GETMINMAXINFO: lpmmi=(LPMINMAXINFO)lParam;

84

/* */ lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMinTrackSize.y=ySize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.x=xSize; lpmmi->ptMaxTrackSize.y=ySize; break; case WM_DESTROY: /* DeleteObject , , , . */ /* */ DeleteObject(hFont); /* KillTimer */ KillTimer(hWnd,1); /* PostQuitMessage() WM_QUIT. , */

.

-

,

wParam

PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: /* */ return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message,wParam,lParam); } return 0L; } /* */ INT_PTR CALLBACK AboutProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HWND hStatic; /* LOGFONT */ static LOGFONT lf1; static HFONT hFont3; /* IDC_STATIC_1 */ LPTSTR lpszFace1=_TEXT("Times New Roman Cyr"); switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: /* (hDlg) (hDlg), GetDlgItem*/ hStatic=GetDlgItem(hDlg,IDC_STATIC_1); /* */ lf1.lfHeight=23; /* */ lstrcpy(lf1.lfFaceName,lpszFace1); /* */ hFont3=CreateFontIndirect(&lf1);

85

-

/* hStatic*/ SendMessage(hStatic,WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont3,TRUE); /* TRUE */ return (INT_PTR)TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if(LOWORD(wParam)==IDOK || LOWORD(wParam)== IDCANCEL) { DeleteObject(hFont3); EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam)); return (INT_PTR)TRUE; } break; } /* FALSE. */ return (INT_PTR)FALSE; } / * */ void OutTimeDate(HWND hWnd) { LPTSTR szDay[]={_T(" ."),_T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" .") }; LPTSTR szMonth[]={_T(""),_T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" "),_T(" ."), _T(" "),_T(" "), _T(" "),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" ."), _T(" ."),_T(" .") }; TCHAR szT[20]; SYSTEMTIME SystemTime; /* GetLocalTime , , . . SYSTEMTIME . */ GetLocalTime(&SystemTime); /* */ lstrcpy(szCurrentTime, szDay[SystemTime.wDayOfWeek]); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime, szMonth[SystemTime.wMonth]); /* */

86

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lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wDay); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(" ")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wYear); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T("---")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wHour); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wMinute); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,_T(":")); /* */ wsprintf((LPTSTR)szT,_T("%d"), SystemTime.wSecond); lstrcat((LPTSTR)szCurrentTime,(LPTSTR)szT); /* */ InvalidateRect(hWnd,NULL,TRUE); } /* */ VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND hWnd,UINT uMsg, UINT_PTR idEvent,DWORD dwTime) { TCHAR szTimer[100]; KillTimer(hWnd,2); wsprintf(szTimer, _T(" \n Test\n %d c!"), nTime); MessageBox(NULL,(LPCTSTR)szTimer, _T(" "),MB_ICONHAND); }

. 5.

87

. 5.

,

88

Win32 Windows #define

typedef

Win32,

:

#define WINAPI __stdcall, #define CALLBACK __stdcall, #define APIENTRY WINAPI, typedef UINT WPARAM, typedef LONG LPARAM, typedef LONG LRESULT, typedef WORD ATOM.

Win32

, (32-

). : BOOL – int (32 ); BYTE – unsigned char (8 ); CHAR – char (8 ); COLORREF – unsigneg long (32 ); DWORD – unsigned long (32 ); DOUBLE – (double – 64 ) FLOAT – (float – 32 ) HANDLE – ( 32 ); HBITMAP – ( HBRUSH – ( – 32 ); HCURSOR – ( – 32 ); HDC – ( – 32 HICON – ( – 32 ); HFONT – ( – 32 ); HINSTANCE – ( HMENU – ( – 32 ); HPEN – ( – 32 ); HWND – ( – 32 ); WORD – unsigned short (16 ); LONG – signed long (32 ); INT – signed long (32 ); LPARAM – 32( ); WPARAM – 32( ); LRESULT – 32LPCSTR – C; LPCWSTR – Unicode; LPSTR – C; LPCTSTR – ; 89

– – 32

);

);

– 32

);

long;

SHORT – signed short (16 ); USHORT – unsigned short (16 ); UCHAR – unsigned char (8 ) UINT – unsigned long (32 ); #If defined(_WIN64) typedef _int64 INT_PTR #else typedef int INT_PTR #endif

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1. , . ., . . Visual C++ 4. . .: . « » «Channel Trading Ltd.», 1996. 352 . 2. , . Windows 2000 API. : . . .: « », 2002. 1088 . 3. Ф , Л. ., . . WINDOWS 95. . .: , 1996. 288 . ( ; . 22). 4. , . Ю. Windows. 2., . . .: – , 2003. 656 . 5. Щ , Ю. . Win32 API. . .: , 2007. 572 . 6. Ю , . И. Assembler: . 2. .: , 2004. 637 .

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