Wide Energy Bandgap Electronic Devices 9789812382467, 9812382461

This book provides a summary of the current state-of-the-art in SiC and GaN and identify future areas of development. Th

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Table of contents :
CONTENTS......Page 10
Preface......Page 6
1. Growth of III-Nitride Semiconductors and Their Characterization......Page 12
1. Introduction......Page 13
2. Substrates Growth Methods and Growth Experiments......Page 16
2.1. Primer on Substrates......Page 17
3.1. MBE......Page 27
3.2. Vapor Phase Epitaxy......Page 29
4.1. Growth by MBE......Page 37
4.2. Growth by HVPE......Page 68
4.3. Growth by MOCVD......Page 83
5. Conclusions......Page 119
References......Page 120
2. GaN and AlGaN High Voltage Power Rectifiers......Page 136
1. Introduction......Page 137
2. GaN Schottky Rectifiers with 3.1 kV Reverse Breakdown Voltage......Page 139
3. AlGaN Schottky Rectifiers with 4.1 kV Reverse Breakdown Voltage......Page 147
4. Temperature Dependence and Current Transport Mechanisms in AlxGa1-xN Schottky Rectifiers......Page 152
5. Lateral AlxGa1-xN Power Rectifiers with 9.7 kV Reverse Breakdown Voltage......Page 157
6. Vertical and Lateral GaN Rectifiers on Free-Standing GaN Substrates......Page 163
7. Comparison of GaN p-i-n and Schottky Rectifiers Performance......Page 169
References......Page 182
3. GaN-Based Power High Electron Mobility Transistors......Page 184
1. Introduction......Page 185
1.1. Power versus Small-Signal HEMT......Page 187
2.1. Basic Device Structure......Page 188
2.2. Improved Device Structures......Page 192
2.3. Device Fabrication......Page 193
3.1. DC Characteristics......Page 196
3.2. RF Characteristics......Page 201
3.3. Reliability......Page 205
3.4. Uniformity......Page 207
3.5. GaN versus GaAs and InP Power HEMTs......Page 209
4. Modeling......Page 211
4.1. Basic Phenomena......Page 212
4.2. Analytical Modeling......Page 215
4.3. Numerical Modeling......Page 220
5. Circuits......Page 222
6. Summary......Page 223
References......Page 224
1. Introduction......Page 228
2. Candidate Dielectrics......Page 229
3. Surface Cleaning......Page 232
3.1. Ex-situ Cleaning......Page 233
3.2. In-situ Cleaning......Page 235
3.4. SiO2......Page 238
3.5. Silicon Nitride......Page 239
3.6. Aluminum Nitride......Page 240
3.7. Gallium Oxide......Page 241
3.8. Gadolinium Gallium Garnet......Page 243
3.9. Gadolinium Oxide......Page 247
3.10. Scandium Oxide......Page 257
3.11. MgO......Page 260
4. MOSHFETs......Page 264
References......Page 266
1. Introduction......Page 272
2.1. Physical Vapor Transport Growth......Page 274
3. Extended Defects in SiC Boules......Page 278
3.1. Basal Plane Dislocations......Page 279
3.2. Threading Edge Dislocations......Page 283
3.3. Low-Angle Grain Boundaries......Page 286
3.4. Elementary Screw Dislocations......Page 290
3.5. Micropipes......Page 293
4.1. Shallow Dopants......Page 296
4.2. Semi-Insulating SiC......Page 298
5. SiC Homoepitaxy......Page 301
References......Page 306
1. Introduction......Page 312
2. Performance Projection......Page 315
3. Termination......Page 317
4. Rectifier Structures......Page 319
4.1. Schottky Rectifiers......Page 324
4.2. Junction Rectifiers......Page 331
4.3. Hybrid Rectifiers......Page 339
5. Issues and Challenges......Page 344
References......Page 345
7. Silicon Carbide MOSFETs......Page 350
1.1. The Nature of SiC......Page 351
1.2. Motivation for Electronic Devices in SiC......Page 352
2.1. SiC Crystal Structure: Polytypism Polarity and Anisotropy......Page 353
2.2. Surface Orientation Bonding at the Interface and the Interfacial Transition Layer......Page 356
2.3. Interface States and Fixed Oxide Charges......Page 358
2.4. Surface Morphology......Page 359
2.5. Oxide Reliability and Oxide Breakdown......Page 360
3. Experimental Results on the MOS Interface on SiC......Page 361
3.1. Review of MOS Fundamentals Pertinent to SiC......Page 362
3.2. Thermal Oxidation of SiC......Page 366
3.3. Deposited Oxides......Page 371
3.4. Post-Oxidation Annealing......Page 372
3.5. Results on Other Surface Orientations......Page 375
3.6. Oxide Breakdown Strength Leakage Current and Mean Time to Failure......Page 377
4.1. Power Device Figures of Merit......Page 379
4.2. SiC UMOSFETs......Page 384
4.3. SiC DMOSFETs......Page 388
4.4. Comparison of Power Transistor Performance......Page 397
4.5. Other SiC MOSFET Results......Page 399
5. Summary and Conclusions......Page 401
References......Page 402
1. Introduction......Page 406
2. Material Properties Growth and Processing......Page 408
3. InGaAsN Based p-n-p HBTs......Page 414
4. InGaAsN Based n-p-n HBTs......Page 423
5. Outlook for InGaAsN HBTs......Page 433
References......Page 436
9. Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based Upon III-N Materials......Page 440
2. Applications for UV and Solar-Blind Photodiodes......Page 441
2.1. Commercial Applications......Page 442
2.2. Military Applications......Page 443
2.3. Medical Applications......Page 444
3.2. Solar-Blind Photodetectors......Page 445
4. III-V Nitride Materials Growth by Chemical Metalorganic Vapor Deposition......Page 446
4.1. Sources of MOCVD Growth of III-N Materials......Page 447
4.3. MOCVD Growth of UV Photodetectors......Page 448
5.1. Device Processing and Testing......Page 457
5.2. Photoconductors......Page 458
5.3. Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodiodes......Page 459
5.4. p-i-n Photodiodes......Page 464
5.5. Avalanche Photodiodes......Page 476
6. Future Developments......Page 478
7. Summary and Conclusions......Page 479
Acknowledgments......Page 480
References......Page 481
10. Dilute Magnetic GaN SiC and Related Semiconductors......Page 488
1. Introduction......Page 489
2. Materials Selection......Page 490
3. Mechanisms of Ferromagnetism......Page 492
3.1. (Ga Mn)P......Page 499
3.2. (Ga Mn)N......Page 502
3.4. SiC......Page 507
4. Potential Device Applications......Page 514
5. Issues to be Resolved......Page 515
References......Page 516
Index......Page 522

Wide Energy Bandgap Electronic Devices
 9789812382467, 9812382461

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