Who's Who in Lebanon 2007-2008 [19 ed.] 9783110945904, 9783598077340

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007-2008 Nineteenth Edition (Thoroughly revised and completed)

Published since 1963

PUBLITEC PUBLICATIONS In Co-Edition with Κ .G. SAUR MÜNCHEN 2007

Founded in 1963

Publisher: Charles G. Gedeon

PUBLITEC PUBLICATIONS Gedeon Bldg., 139-141 John Kennedy Street P.O.Box 166142 - Beirut - Lebanon Fax: 961-1-493330 - E-mail: [email protected]

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http : // dnb.d-nb.de.

Printed on acid-free paper Distributed exclusively worldwide but in the United States and Canada by K.G. Saur Verlag München 2007 An Imprint of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG The title and general layout of Who's Who in Lebanon are duly registered at the Ministry of National Economy of the Lebanese Republic (Property and Patents Office) in conformity with the provisions of Article 161 of Decree No. 2385 of 17th January 1924 All rights of reproduction, adaptation, translation in all countries are reserved to Publitec Publications ISBN-13:978-3-598-07734-0 ISBN-10:3-598-07734-3 ISSN 0083-9612

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Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008

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ISBN-13:978-3-598-07735-7 ISBN-10:3-598-07735-1 (Distr. rights worldwide outside USA and Canada) Who's Who in the Arab World compiles information on the most notable individuals in the Arab world. Part I: Biographical Section sets out precise biographical details on eminent individuals who influence every sphere of public life in politics, culture and society. Part II surveys the 19 Arab Countries, providing detailed information on the geography, history, constitution, economy and culture of the individual countries. Part III provides information on the historical background of the Arab world. Indexes by country and profession supplement the biographical section. A select bibliography of secondary literature on the Middle East is also included.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS -FOREWORD

PARTI - BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES of outstanding personalities and leading national figures in Lebanon

PART II WHO'S WHO of Companies and Institutions in Lebanon

between 359/360

PART III -BROAD SURVEY -GEOGRAPHY - PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS - POPULATION AND RELIGION -HISTORY - THE LEBANESE CONSTITUTION - LOCAL GOVERNMENT - THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM - LEBANESE HEADS OF STATE - THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY * Names of Speakers since 1920 * Assemblies Records since 1920 * National Assemblies following Independence since 1943 * Regional Distribution of Seats since elections in 1996 - THE GOVERNMENT COUNCIL OF MINISTERS * Names of Prime Ministers and number of Cabinets they presided since 1926 * Names of Ministers and number of Cabinets in which they participated since 1943 * Successive Cabinets Records since 1926 - OFFICIAL LEBANESE DECORATIONS - DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MISSIONS OF LEBANON ABROAD - DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR MISSIONS ACCREDITED TO LEBANON - INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN LEBANON -THEECONOMY * The State Budget •Agriculture * Industiy * Oil Industry * Banking & Commerce * The Banking System * The Central Bank * Insurance * Tourism * Transport * Trade & Industry Organizations -EDUCATION -LIBRARIES -MUSEUMS -THE PRESS - RADIO & TELEVISION - INDEX of Biographies by Profession

361 363 365 366 368 431 446 447 449 450 450 451 453 468 476 476 477 479 499 507 512 517 519 519 521 522 523 523 523 528 528 532 534 537 538 545 547 548 554 557

FOREWORD It is now the nineteenth edition of WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON published every other year since 43 years. It has become the biographical dictionary of Lebanon, used in more than 150 countries in the world. Here are the main summarized new facts: - On 14th of February 2005, the previous Prime Minister Mr. Rafiq Hariri was assassinated in Beirut. This assassination has been a turning point in the history of modem Lebanon. - Consequently, Lebanon as well as the world watched the chain of demonstrations in Beirut which were an expression of collective outrage over the shocking assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri. The primary goals of the original activists were the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon and the establishment of an international Commission to investigate the assassination of Prime Minister Hariri. - On April 26th, 2005, the wave of massive protests and international pressure demanding an end to the de facto Syrian rule over Lebanon were concretized by the April 2005 withdrawal of Syria's troops from Lebanon. - Lebanon celebrated another "Independence 2005" a movement towards a democratic governance, but the road ahead remained challenging. What the world witnessed in Beirut was unique because rarely have people in this region taken to the streets like this: spontaneously, peacefully and with much determination. - A civil war and thirty years of foreign occupation stand in the way of a stable democracy... not to forget Israel's air strikes on Lebanon in July 2006 which resulted in the historical redeployment of the Lebanese troops in Southern Lebanon, as well as U.N. peace keeping troops. However, the monthlong Israeli bombardment inflicted material damages to a small country like Lebanon as well as indirect damages to the business, the industry and the tourism. Our 19th edition comprises 3 distinct parts: Part I includes over one thousand five hundred revised or new notices (It is aWHO'S WHO book by itself). Part II concerns the main institutions in Lebanon in 2007. Part III comprises Lebanon's Geography, History, Population, Religion with its different communities, the Constitution, the Judicial system, Heads of State, successive Parliaments, Governments, National Decorations, Diplomatic Corps abroad, foreign Diplomatic Corps in Lebanon, International Organizations established on its territory, Economy, Agriculture, Industry, Banks, Tourism, means of Transportation, Educational System with its several Universities, Museums, the Press (for long and still the most important and independent among all the Arab countries), several Radio stations, 8 TV channels, etc. fully updated, and followed by an index of Biographies by Profession. Our book is the indispensable tool for any person who wishes to know Lebanon and the region surrounding it. An interesting archaeological relic found throughout Lebanon is the hundreds of well-preserved mosaics from the Roman and Byzantine eras. Countless colorful, tiny stones form intricate images of mythological figures, religious deities, and geometric designs. The mosaic is symbolic of modern-day Lebanon, which is a country characterized by a diversity of cultures, traditions, and religions interwoven through time. It is this unique diversity which fascinates foreign travelers. Thanks to its location at the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa, Lebanon has been shaped by many civilizations throughout history. Its position as a melting point for diverse people is evident in the extraordinary richness of its archaeological sites and historical monuments. From Stone Age settlements, to Phoenician city-states, from Roman temples, to rock-cut Christian hermitages, from Crusader Castles, to Mameluk mosques and Ottoman hammams (Turkish baths), the country's historical sites are a true encyclopedia of ancient and modern world history. Modern Lebanese society is characterized by this same cultural diversity. In summary, Lebanon is the most european arab country. Lebanon, in spite of its small area (10452 sq. kms ) and its population of about 3.000.000 persons has given birth to a veritable Lebanese people, descending from the Phoenicians having its Lobby and relative importance in the world. For the first time since its creation, the Lebanese Cultural World Union performs and publishes a census of the Lebanese emigrants whose total amounted to 13.878.318 of which some 90 % are settled in the American continent. Still according to the Lebanese Cultural World Union , 87% of the Lebanese emigrants hold the Lebanese nationality although only 20% of them still speak the country's language. The Lebanese form a veritable Lobby in the world. They are called the "Lebanese Diaspora". For all these reasons, we have doggedly maintained the separate publication of WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON which should be considered as volume II of WHO'S WHO IN THE ARAB WORLD since it is complementary to it. It is a reference book of unparalleled information value since it incorporates not only biographical entries of prominent Lebanese personalities and worthy foreign residents but, also a study - in depth - of the various facets of Lebanon as they emerge from its democracy, politics, economy, geography, history and other scenarios. And last but not least, this book is intended to be above all, a tribute to a people's vitality that has remained singularly unscathed and with spectacular resistance to woe. By accepting the many challenges of daily life in their homeland, in the Middle East and in the world, the Lebanese people express their determination not only to survive but also to perpetuate an obstinate inventive genius which is deep-rooted in their centuries-long history, a history which merges with the history of mankind. As a matter of fact, Lebanon is a laboratory of a kind, where human experiments are in progress, since it is the homeland to 18 different religious communities which are generally living in peace. Arnold Tonnbee could not be wrong when he said : " Lebanon is - first of all - the expression of History". Finally, this year, as ever, we would like to thank all who have provided us with new or revised information for inclusion in this edition and without whose assistance, WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON could not have a recognized authority on Lebanon. Charles G . Gedeon Publisher

DIASPORA OF THE LEBANESE ABROAD AMERICA United States Argentina Bolivia Brazil Canada Chili Columbia Cuba Equator Haiti Honduras Mexico Peru Uruguay Venezuela Carribbeans Guatemala Salvador Costa Rica Panama Nicaragua Paraguay Dominican Republic Total

3,500,000 1,200,000 12,870 5,800,000 570,000 27,000 125,000 20,000 97,500 12,000 20,000 240,060 2,385 52,077 340,507 510,754 25,570 27,465 30,173 17,653 5,924 15,489 50,200 12,702,567

AFRICA Libya Congo Ivory Coast Egypt Ethiopia Zambia Ghana Guinea Portuguese Guinea Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria

8,550 160 9,700 8,000 40 480 5,970 1,705 2,000 10,790 357 209 304 22,500

Senegal Sierra Leone Sudan Tchad North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) Zaire Burkina Faso Gabon Others Total

15,730 10,M5 200 20 5,000 225 1,200 1,200 1,000 105,985

OCEANIA Australia New Zealand Total

500,000 45,300 545,300

EUROPE Germany France Great Britain Greece Italy Scandinavia Belgium Switzerland Others Total

5,000 90,000 10,200 27,455 1,300 18,220 15,500 3,845 5,000 176,520

ASIA Saudi Arabia Cyprus Iran Kuwait Arabian Gulf Philippines United Arab Emirates Total Grand Total

120,570 25,755 115 40,509 103,510 2/. 87 55,000 347,946 13,878,318

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE ABBREVIATIONS

Act.: Activity A.R.E.: Arab Republic of Egypt B.A.: Bachelor of Arts B.Sc.: Bachelor of Science C-in-C: Commander-in-Chief Commdr.: Commander Decor.: Decorations Dipl.: Diplomas Dist.: Distinctions Educ.: Education LL.B.: Bachelor of Laws LL.D.: Doctor of Laws M.A.: Master of Arts M.D.: Doctor of Medecine M.Sc.: Master of Sciences NCO: Non-Commissionëd Officer O.B.E.: Officer of the Order of the British Empire O/C: Officer Commanding Ph.D.: Doctor of Philosophy P.O.B. : Post Office Box Priv. Addr.: Private Address Prof. Addr.: Professional Address Pubi.: Publications S.A.L.: Lebanese Joint - Stock Co. S.A.R.L.: Lebanese Limited Liability Co. U.A.E.: United Arab Emirates U.K.: United Kingdom UNO: United Nations Organization W.H.O.: World Health Organization

12

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

ABBOUD Beirut, Lebanon and Embassy of Lebanon, Les Berges du Lac 2045, Tunis, Tunisia. Priv. Addr.: Broummana, Beaulieu Centre, Bloc Β, Tel.: 04-862459, 03-426165, Lebanon.

A

ABBOUD (Fady Elias), Industrialist. Born on Mar. 21, 1955, Lebanese and British Citizen. Married. Educ.: Primary Studies: Pine Wood College & St. Joseph School, Lebanon; Secondary Studies: Chouweifat International School, Lebanon; University: The University of Westminister, London Read & Economics Development. Professional Occupation: Private Business: Chairman of General Packaging Industries (GPI) (Since 1982); Director of Tuula Fashion House in London (Since 1980); Director of General Machines & Metal Processing CoVGemco. Public Activities: President of Industrialists Union of North Metn (1992-Mar. 2002); Board Member of Association of Lebanese Industrialists (since Mar. 1994); President of Association of Lebanese Industrialists (since Apr. 2002). Member: M e m b e r of Young President Organisation (YPO), Member of American Lebanese Chamber of Commerce. Prof. Addr.: Association of Lebanese Industrialists, Tel.: 01-350280/1/2, Fax: 01351167, Beirut, Lebanon, E-mail: [email protected]; Metn: Email: [email protected], Tel.: 04-921300, 911808, Fax: 04926543; England: London: Tel.: +44207-4936277, Fax: +44207-4995697.

A B B O U D (Andréa), Lawyer. Born on Apr. 29, 1966 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Daughter of Horst Werner Urbscheit (Industrialist) and Mrs., née Ingeborg Else Herrmann. Married to Chucri Abboud, 3 children: Dunia (1990, Rio de Janeiro), Nadia (1992, Johannesburg), Fabio (1997, Sydney). Educ.: German School in Rio de Janeiro, UERJ (University of the State of Rio de Janeiro). Dipl.: Law Degree. Career: Lawyer. Other Information: 5 Languages spoken: German, Portuguese, English, Spanish, French. Nationality: German, Brazilian. Sports practised: Swimming, fitness. Hobbies: Travelling, trekking. Clubs and Associations: Deir el-Kalaa Country Club, Rizk Plaza. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Priv. Addr.: Beaulieu Bldg., Bloc B, 2nd floor, Broummana, Tel.: 04-862459, 03-426165, Lebanon.

A B B O U D (Farid), Ambassador of Lebanon to the United States. Born on July 1, 1951 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Chucrallah Abboud (Businessman) and Mrs., née Odette Akel. Married in 1989 in Beirut, Lebanon to Miss Rim Hilal, one child: Philippe (May 6, 1995). Educ.: Université St. Joseph, Beirut; University of California, Los Angeles. Dipl.: Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures en Sciences Politiques, Ph.D. in History. Career: (1999-present) Ambassador of Lebanon to the United States; (1996-99) Assistant Director, Department of Political Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Delegate of Lebanon to the Monitoring Group of the Apr. 1996 Understanding in Southern Lebanon; (1995-97) Diplomatic Assignments in Washington, Moscow, London, Rome & Los Angeles; (1973-77) Assistant Professor of Political Science (Université St. Joseph, Beirut). Sports practised: Swimming. Hobbies: Reading, music, opera. Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Lebanon, 2560 28th St. N W WDC 20008, Tel.: 202-9396320, USA. Priv. Addr.: 2841 McGill Terrace, N W W D C 20008 483-9255, USA. E-Mail: [email protected].

ABBOUD (Chucri), (Assumed Name "Chico" nickname in Beirut Society), Diplomat. Born on Mar. 18, 1947 in Beirut. Son of Fathallah Abboud, Financial Counsellor and Mrs., née Claire Khouri. Married on Oct. 1, 1988 in Moscow to Andréa Urbscheit, 3 children: Dunia (1990, Rio de Janeiro), Nadia (1992, Johannesburg), Fabio (1997, Sydney). Educ.: Notre-Dame de Jamhour, Université St. Joseph (Beirut), Ecole des Lettres (Beirut). Dipl.: Higher Studies in Public Law, Licence in Political Sciences. Career: (1973-75): Assistant Professor of International Public Law (Travaux Dirigés) at the University St. Joseph, Beirut University. Diplomatic Postings: Buenos Aires (1976); Caracas (1978); United Nations N.Y. (1979); Vatican (1981); Rio de Janeiro (1985); Moscow (1987); South Africa (1990); Colombia (1993); Chile (1994); Sydney (1995); Appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to Tunisia (2004-). Other Information: Languages Spoken: Arabic, French, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, English. Awards: Officer of Tudor Wladimirescu Order (Romania). Sports practised: Swimming, snorkeling, trekking. Hobbies: Piano and Violin, reading, travelling. Clubs: Deir el-Kalaa Country Club. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Prof. Addr.: Tel.: 01-332494, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

A B B O U D (Jean), Businessman, Honorary Consul of Cameroon in Lebanon. Born on Aug. 17, 1941 atZeghrine (Lebanon). Son of Abboud Abboud (Contractor) and Mrs., née Najla Saliba. Married on May 17, 1980 in Lebanon to Miss Maguy Faddoul, one child: Rim (30.08.1984). Educ.: St. John College. Dipl.: Banking in Lebanon & 13

ABBOUD outside Lebanon. Career: Manager of Treasurer & Exchange (1980-2001); PDG - International Hotel Development sari (since 1993); PDG - 3 Points sari (since 2000). Other Information: Honorary Consul of Cameroon in Lebanon. Sport practised: Walking. Hobby: Hunting. Credit Card: Golden Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Dbayeh Highway, Gema Center, 9th floor, Tel.: 04-540200/300, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Rabya, 21st St., Bldg. 150, E-mail: [email protected]. ABBOUD (Khalil), Civil Engineer, Contractor. Born in Baabda on Jan. 3,1967. Son of Victor Abboud (Travel Agent) and Mrs., née Jamale Bayoud. Married on Aug. 25, 1998 to Zeina Maktabi, 2 children: Roya and Miya. Educ.: N.D. Jamhour and A.U.B. Dipl.: B.E. Civil Engineer. Career: K. Abboud for Construction, General Contractors. Sports practised: Ski. Prof. Addr.: 41, Avenue Charles Hélou, Baabda, P.O.Box 40025 (Baabda), Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: al-Ayn Str., "Habitat 3090" Bldg., E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. ABDALLAH (Ali Ojeij), Former Minister of Agriculture. Born in 1962 in Serhin el-Fawka (Bekaa). Married, 6 children: 3 boys and 3 daughters: Wael, Yasser, Nabih, Awatef, Nassim and Assil. Dipl.: Diploma in Information from University Claude Bernard, Lyon (France). Career: Professor and Head of Information Technology Department at the Lebanese University; Active in Amai Movement in Bekaa; Member of International Red Cross Committee; President of Lebanese Red Cross Department Affairs; Appointed Minister of Agriculture (2000-03). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. ABDALLAH (Ibrahim, Ali, al-), Landlord, former deputy. Born at Khiam Marjeyoun (Lebanon) in 1924. Son of Ali al-Abdallah (former deputy) and Mrs., née Toufica Sab'. Married in 1948 to Miss Hassiba al-Abdallah, 4 children: Ghaleb, Hind, Najwa and Samira. Educ.: College de la Sagesse, St. Joseph University - School of Political Science. Dipl.: Licentiate of Political Science. Career: Civil Servant attached to the Chamber of Deputies (1955), Associate editor "ad-Diar" newspaper (1953-58), Elected Deputy for Marjeyoun (1960). Sports: Swimming, shooting and horseriding. Prof. Addr.: Corniche Mazraa, Bourj Abou Haidar, Mar Elias Btina Str., Beirut. Summer Residence: Khiam, Marjeyoun, Tel.: 07-770564, South Lebanon. ABDALLAH (Jean, Jamil), Chartered accountant. Born in Beirut on 5 May 1941. Son of Jamil Abdallah (Mechanical Engineer) and Mrs., née Henriette Chalhoub. Married on 8 Sept. 1978 to Miss Mariette Feghali, 4 children: Jean-Paul, Jean-Pierre, Jean-Jacques & MarieJosée. Educ.: Secondary and Higher. Dipl.: Auditing & Fiscal Accounting Diploma (O.I.E.), Synthesis Consultant and Management Adviser (A.I.C.), Doctorate International

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Economic Accountancy (A.I.C.). Career: FounderDirector of "Centre Libanais Supérieur de formation d'experts et de réviseurs" (C.E.R.) (Higher Lebanese Centre for the formation of Experts and Auditors), Accountancy Commissioner and Auditor to various companies, Proprietor-Manager of Fiduciaire Nationale (Enodex), Chartered Accountant on the panel of LawCourts, Professor of higher commercial and economic techniques at C.E.R. Pubi: (in the French Language) "Esquisse d'une planification comptable économique au Liban" (Thesis 1965), "La Vente à Crédit des Biens à la Consommation au Liban", "L'Organisation Science Expérimentale", "Le Néofayolisme", Monographies professionnelles bilingues (Hotels, Hospitals, Banks, etc.). "Credit and Banking" (in arabic), "Accounts Planning and its role in Overall Development", "Accounts Planning Project for Arab Towns and Communes", "Public Accounts Planning Project", "Industrial Enterprises", "Spirit & History of Commerce", "Accounts Encyclopedia" (under preparation), "Economic Development and the Planning of Technical and Professional Formation in Lebanon", "Normalisation Comptable Economique au Liban" (French), "Mélanges Comptables" (French-Arabic), "Expertise Comptable et Analyse des bilans" (2 vcl. in Arabic), "Recherches Libanaises et Normes Internationales de Comptabilité et de Revision" (in arabic, french and english). International Chairman, World Economic Council (C.E.M.P.I.C.); Chairman, International Accountancy Academy (A.I.C.); Chairman, the International Commission on Normalisation of Economic Accountancy (C.I.E.N.C.E.); Titular member and National delegate, International Organization of Experts "Ordinex"; National delegate, International Confederation of Auditors and Consultants Associations (recognised by UNO); Chairman, Association Libanaise des Experts Comptables; Founder of the Lebanese Association for the Development of Technical Teaching; Member of various national & international professional scientific and cultural groupings and associations. Dist. & Awards: International Grand Prix of Accountancy (Paul Otlet), Palmes of the International Accountancy Academy, Chevalier des Palmes Académiques (Gouvernement Français). Prof. Art'dr.: Centre Libanais Supérieur C.E.R. Beirut, Place Debbas, Rue Sélim Takla, Tel.: 03-740932, B.P. 11-6692 Beirut; Maison de la Comptabilité, Rond Point Dora, Gebara Bldg., Tel.: 01-894905, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Dick el-Mehdi, Bickfaya Road, Tel.: 04-926927, 926908, Lebanon. ABDALLAH (Mamdouh, al-), Former deputy. Born at Khiam (Marjeyoun), Lebanon in 1933. Married: 3 children. Educ.: Secondary. Career: Former Civil Servant in the Ministry of P.T.T.; elected deputy for MarjeyounHasbaya in 1964; reelected in 1968 until May 1972. Priv. Addr.: Paris, France. ABDEL AHAD (Joseph), General Director of the

ABDELNOUR

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Urban Planning General Directorate. Born in 1941 in Lebanon. Married. Education: June 1966: D.E.A. (Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies) Lyon University, France; June 1965: M.S. in Engineering Studies, St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon. Professional Status: (1999 to present): General Director, Lebanese Ministry of Public Works and Transportation; (1999 to present): Chief of the High Council of Urban Planning; (1999 to present): Chief of many committees at the National Public Safety Committee and the National Architecture Committee and active member in other National Committees; (2000 to present): Lecturer at St. Joseph University (ESIB). Professional Experience: (1983-98): Chief of the Urban Planning Studies Service at the Urban Planning General Directorate; (1977-83): Head of the Beirut Central District Reconstruction Department (as a delegate from the Urban Planning General Directorate); (1966-77): Engineer at the Urban Planning General Directorate; (1966-76): Lecturer at the Lebanese University (Faculty of Sciences). Activities: Active participation in several workshops on urban planning in Lebanon and Europe (France, Turkey and Geneva); Active participation in several conferences and seminars in Lebanon and Europe (France, Turkey and Geneva); Active participation in Metropolis conferences (China, France); Member of the Lebanese Order of Engineers and Architects. Personal data: Fluent in Arabic, French and English. Addr.: Corniche el-Mazraa, ColaSaab Bldg., Tel.: 961-1-302076, Fax: 961-1-306309, Beirut, Lebanon.

Commerce & Industry (13.10.1975); Commissary at the Malaysian Trade Committee in Brussels (11.9.1978) and in Singapore (7.8.1981 ; Principal Assistant of the Minister of International Commerce and Industry (30.8.1982); Commissary at the Malaysian Trade committee in New York (4.11.1986); Director of Commerce and Development Office (18.11.1993); Chief Executive of Foreign Trade Office (5.1.1998; Director of Asian Section of West and OIC at Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1.7.2000), Director of Regional, Intellectual and Social Economic Cooperation (1.3.2001); Ambassador to Mexico in charge Seven Countries at Central America (28.2.2002); Ambassador of Malaysia to Lebanon (19.9.2005 - to date). Addr.: Embassy of Malaysia, Raouche, Savoy Suite Hotel, 2nd and 3rd Floor, telefax: 01-785968, Beirut, Lebanon ABDEL-REHIM (Mohammed Ali, Dr.), Former President of Beirut Arab University. Born on 10 Dec. 1931 in Kena, Egypt. Son of Ali Abdel-Rehim, General Director Ministry of Justice and Mrs., née Ihsan Hamed. Married on 17 Aug. 1958 in Cairo to Reda Shawki, 2 children: Hisham, Ahmed. Educ.: B.Sc. Agriculture, (1951) Cairo University, M.Sc. in plant pathology, (1969) Alexandria University. Career: Expert in Microbiology, Marine Biology inst. Alex. Egypt (1951-56), Assistant Lecturer of Agriculture, Alexandria University (1956); Lecturer at Alexandria University (1962-68) Former President of Beirut Arab University. Medals & Decorations: The first degree medal in arts and sciences (1973), the national cedar medal, awarded by the Lebanese President, (1990), Ph.D. in Plant Pathology (1962) Alexandria University. Hobbies: Reading, Walking. Clubs: Yacht Club, Sporting Club, Staff Members Club. Credit Card: Visa. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

ABDEL AZIZ (Kassem), Neurologist, Member of Parliament. Born in 1951 in Bakhoun-Denniyé. Married to Nazimeh Chaker, 3 children: Samer, Hassan and Joudi. Educ.: Cairo University (Egypt); University of Edinburgh (London). Career: Neurologist, Elected Deputy of Denniyé (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

ABDELNOUR (Khalil, Ibrahim), former Deputy. Born on May 6,1927 in Joun. Son of Ibrahim Abdelnour. Married in 1960 to Miss Rose Salha, 4 children: Ziad, Wissam, Hicham and Jihane. Educ.: A.U.B. (1954), University of Leeds (England). Dipl.: Chemical Engineering Diploma. Career: Industrialist, Businessman, Financial Adviser, Mayor of Joun (1963-65), Elected Deputy of Chouf (1992, reelected in 1996). Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Selim Baz Str., Tel.: 01-202145, Beirut, Lebanon.

ABDEL KHALEK (Mahmoud), former Minister of State. Born in 1938 at Majdelbaana, Lebanon. Married to Labibé Abdel Khalek, 3 children: Raed, Zeina & Abir. Career: Mr. Abdel Khalek engaged for several years the Responsibility of the PSNS as President & Vice President; He presented himself at the Elections at the Caza of Baabda- Aley for the Druze Seat, without success; Presently, he is the President of the Higher Council of PSNS. Appointed Minister of State (2004-2005). Addr.: Majdelbaana, Lebanon.

ABDELNOUR (Ziad, Khalil), Financier, Owner & Director of Companies. Born on Jan. 8, 1961 in Beirut. Son of Khalil Abdelnour (Industrialist, Politician) and Mrs. Rose (Salha) Abdelnour. Married on Dec. 23,1983 in USA to Nada Sahyoun, 2 children: Karl (1986), Mark (1990). Educ.: The Wharton School of Finance-University of Pennsylvania, USA; American University of Beirut; College Notre-Dame de Jamhour. Dipl.: M.B.A. in Finance/Investment Banking (Wharton), B.S. in Economics (AUB). Career: Trainee, Relationship

ABDEL-RAHMAN (Mohamed), Ambassador of Malaysia to Lebanon. Born on June 4, 1951 at Kelantan, Malaysia. Married. Educ.: University of Malaya KualaLumpur (Malaysia). Dipl.: B.A. Career: Joined Ministry of Foreign Affairs (15.4.1974); Assistant of the Minister of Education (15.8.1974); Responsible at National Institute (10.3.1975); Assistant of the Minister of International 15

ABDESSAMAD

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Manager, The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York (198283); Senior Vice-President, Lehman Bros International, New York (1984-86); Managing Director, Drexel Burnham Lambert, New York (1986-90); General Partner, Laidlaw International, NYC (1990-92); Founding Partner and Director, Interbank Private Capital Holdings, NYC (1992Pres.)· Pubi.: Published a Number of Articles on Mergers, Acquisitions and Cross Border Financing Techniques in a Variety of Magazines in the US, Europe and the Middle East. Naturalized US Citizen. Active Fundraiser for a Number of Educational, Political and Business Organizations. Awards: Listed also in: WHO'S WHO in the World, WHO'S WHO in America, WHO'S WHO in the Arab World, WHO'S WHO in Finance and Industry. Sports: Skiing, horseback riding. Hobbies: Fundraising, Public Speaking, Foreign Affairs. Member: Former President, Arab Bankers Association of North America, Executive Director, United States Committee for a Free Lebanon. Fellow Member, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Middle East Peace & Economic Cooperation. Board Member, Middle East Forum. Credit Cards: American Express Platinum, Citibank Visa Gold. Priv. Addr.: in NYC: 300 East 56th Str. 14D, New York, NY 10022, Tel.: (212) 319-3984. in Beirut: P.O.Box 90-1228, Tel.: 01-885956, 202145, Lebanon, E-mail: [email protected].

in Bern (Switzerland); Ambassador of Lebanon to France (1989-94). Joined the Central Administration in charge of Mission to the President of Counsel Rafie Hariri (19942000). Awards: Grand Officer, National Order of Cedar; Grand Officer, National Order of Merit; Medal of the "Loyauté militaire" (al-Wafaa); National Order of Merit (Haïti); Officer, National Order of Merit (France); several others decorations and military distinctions. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. ABDUL-NOUR (Hani), Professor. Born on 21 July 1943 in Cameroon (Africa). Son of Nicolas and Mrs. Saoudeh. Educ.: International College (Beirut), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie de Montpellier (France), Faculté des Sciences de Montpellier (France). Dipl.: Agricultural Engineer, Docteur ès-Sciences Naturelles. Career: 1972-81: Researcher in the Institut de Recherches Agronomiques du Liban; (1982-): Professor in the Lebanese University, Sciences Faculty; (1988-89): Consultant at the FAO; (1993-97): Dean of the Faculty of Fine Arts (Lebanese University). Member of the following scientific associations: Société Française d'Entomologie, Société Suisse d'Entomologie, Royal Entomological Society of London. Sports: Speleology (exploration of caves), mountaineering. Hobbies: Archaeology, History, Study of caves, Geology & Palaeontology. Clubs: Association Libanaise d'Etudes spéléologiques (ALES), Association des Amis du Musée des Fossiles de Byblos. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: 03-666461, P.O.Box 90549 Jdeidet el-Metn, Lebanon.

ABDESSAMAD (Khaled), Director General for the Displaced Affairs. Born in 1938 at Amatour (Chouf), Lebanon. Married, 3 children. Dipl.: Bachelor's Degree, Lebanese University. Career: Former Head Office and former Inspector of the National Education; Editor in-chief "Institut d'Administration de la Fonction Publique" (Review); Appointed Director General for the displaced Affairs at the Ministry of the Displaced Persons Affairs (1999-). Addr.: Ministry of the Displace Affairs, Starco, Starco Bldg., 2nd floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

ABDURRAHMAN (Abdurrahman, Muhammad), Former Deputy. Born in 1947 (North Lebanon). Son of Muhammad Abdurrahman. Married to Miss Daad Chaabane, 3 daughters. Educ.: Secondary at Evangelic Academy, Tripoli, Lebanon. Dipl.: Licence in Political Sciences from the Beirut Arab University (1973). Career: in 1960 participated in several students movemenis and joined the "Baath Party" in 1965; Elected Deputy of Akkar (1992-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

ABDO (Johny), Politician. Born in 1940 in Zouk Mikael (Kesrouan, Lebanon). Educ.: Primary and Secondary studies at St. Joseph School (Aintoura). Career: Joined the Military School in 1958, promoted Sub-Lieutenant in 1961. From 1961-62, He follows in Angers (France) a practical training in Engineering before promoted Lieutenant responsible of Bureau of special Military Affairs within the Military Command of the Lebanese Army (2nd-Bureau) (1962-67). From 1967-71: Assistant to the Chief Commander of the Army and assuring as well the Presidency of the Military Chamber. He follows a Military Engineering training at Fort-Belvois (United States) (1971-72), then occupies several Commands at the Lebanese Army until 1977. At this time, he is Director at the Intelligence Services, before presiding the Higher Committee of Multinational Forces (1982-83) which preceded the Israeli invention of Lebanon. Resigned from Army in 1983 and became Ambassador of Lebanon

ABED (Pépé), nickname for ABED, (José, Georges), Jeweller, Hotelier. Born in 1911 in Beirut. Son of Abed and Mrs., née Farida Gali. Married, 3 children: Gilbert, Roger and Carmen (Mrs. Sélim Achou). Educ.: Mexican University of San José (Mexico). Career: Jeweller in Mexico (1928), manager of Textile Mills in Mexico (192939), owner of Acapulco Beach, Beirut (1954), founder of Byblos Fishing Club (known in France as Pépé's private museum-1963), of "Abed Touristic" travel agency in 1965, president and founder of "Byblos Club" in Paris and Beirut and of "The Hacienda Amchit". Delegate of the "Conseil National du Tourisme Mexicain" in the Lebanon and the Near East. Award: Knight, Order of the Cedars, conferred by the Lebanese Minister of Tourism, in 1974, in 16

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ABI ASSI ABI AAD (Abdallah, Najib), Surgeon dentist. Born in 1933 at Dfoun (Lebanon). Son of Najib Abiaad and Mrs., née Marie Chibli. Married on Oct. 28, 1962 to Miss Thérèse Obeid. Educ.: Collège de la Sagesse, Beirut, St. Joseph University of Beirut, (French Faculty of Medicine). Dipl.: Doctor of Dental Surgery of the said Faculty, now in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Career: Surgeon Dentist. Pubi.: Author of "Les Grandes Vitesses en Art Dentaire", "Traitement radiculaire des dents infectées". Hobbies: Reading and music. Prof. Addr.: Sin el-Fil, Librairie Antoine Str., Fransabank Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-490550, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Mar Takla, Hazmieh, Imm. Dr. Abi Aad, 4th floor, Tel.: 05-452333, 453434, Beirut, Lebanon.

recognition of his touristic activities; Award in 1954 conferred by the president general of the Mexican Tourist Administration, Don Miguel Alemán, for promoting the name of Mexico in Lebanon. Sports; Swimming, skidiving and underwater fishing. Hobby: Collecting antiques. Prof. Addr.: Byblos Fishing Club, Byblos, Lebanon. ABED Roger, Jeweller, Touristic Industries. Born in 1944. Son of José Abed (Jeweller) and Mrs née Carmen Thérèza Perez. Married on Dec. 29, 1976 to Josephine Cortbawi, 3 children: Marie-José (1977), José (1980), Caline (1982). Educ.: Frères - Sacré-Coeur; Hendon Commercial School, UK. Dipl.: Terminal. Career: Jeweler (1964); Owner of Ates Abed Touristic Est. ; Al Varado Restaurant; La Bergerie Calvados and Travel Agencies (1967); Roger Abed Jewellery (1970); Co/Owner and Manager of Bachus Hotel- Byblos FishingClub, Acapulco Beach Club, Hacienda Amshit, Adma Club in Tyr, General Manager of Hacienda Apycabed SAL. Other Information: Honorary Council of Mexico since 1972. Medals & Decorations: Medal for Conservation of World Heritage City of Byblos. Sports Practiced: Swimming, Tennis, Sailing, and Water Skiing. Hobby: Creation of Jewellery and Collecting Antique Jewellery. Credit Cards: All. Prof. Addr.: Apycabed Bldg. D.T + Byblos Fishing Club (Byblos), Tel.: 09540213. Priv. Addr.: Zouk Mikael, P.O.Box 1931 Jounieh, Tel.: 03-635850, Fax: 09-217276.

ABI AAD (Anis Yoessef, Mgr,), Archbishop. Born on Jan. 12, 1940 at Dfoun (Aley), Lebanon. Educ.: Theology, St. Joseph University (1966); Philosophy (1974), Certificate in Teaching the Bible "Université Catholique de Lyon" (1971). Career: Ordained Priest on June 18, 1966 in Beirut, Lebanon, Joined the Prado Monks, Lyon (June 29, 1969); Professor, Supervisor and Spiritual Guide at Ghazir Clergy (1978-82); Assistant Priest at Sin el-Fil Parish (1973) Then Priest (1980); Established a Pastoral Center (1990); Higher Responsible at Orient Prado Monks (1970-72,1975-80); Elected Archbishop of the Maronite Rite in Aleppo, Syria (1997-). Addr.: Archbishopric of Aleppo, P.O.Box 203, Aleppo, Syria. ABI ASSI (Naji), Diplomat. Born on Apr. 16,1947 in Beirut, Lebanon. Educ.: Licence in Private and Public Law from St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Diplome d'Etudes Supérieures (D.E.S.) specialized in diplomacy (Université Paris XI), Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures specialized in International Organisations Management (Université Paris I, Pantheon, Sorbonne), Diploma in International Political Relations (Institut International d'Administration Publique, Paris). Career: Training Lawyer (1970-72), Naji Abi-Assi get through the examination of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in June 1972, where he became Major of his promotion. Attaché, then Secretary of Embassy at the Lebanese Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York (1973-77), then Adviser at the Lebanese Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva (1977-80). From 1980-82, Director of Cabinet of Secretary General of Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beirut, before becaming Assistant Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the United Nations, New York (1983-86). From 1986-88, Head of International Organisation Department of Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beirut. Ambassador of Lebanon to Senegal (1988-94) and is awarded the "Ordre National du Lion Sénégalais" grade officer. Promoted Ambassador of Lebanon in France (1997-2000); Director of the Consular and Political Affairs at Central Administration, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2000-04); Appointed Ambassador

ABELA (Edwin Georges), Merchant, chairman and board director of companies. Born in 1919 at Mekeen (Lebanon), Son of Pietro Abela (former British Consul at Haifa) and Mrs., née Henriette Cornati. £duc.: Secondary. Career: Chairman of Edwin G. Abela Corporation (U.K.) Ltd. a subsidiary of Alma Holding S.A.L. (Lebanese Holding Company); Chairman, Contracting and Commercial Services S.A.L. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Ghazali Str., Maken Bldg., 4th floor, P.O.Box 166287, Tel.: 01-330802, 201855, 202949, Beirut, Lebanon. ABELA (Joseph, Pietro), Merchant, contractor, manager and co-proprietor of companies. Born in 1925 at Djizzin (Lebanon). Son of Pietro Abela (former British Consul at Haifa) and Mrs., née Henriette Cornati. Married in 1954 to Miss Claude Hélou, 6 children: Mario, Roy, Paul, Marianne, Gilbert and Christianne. Educ.: International College of Beirut. Dipl.: London Matriculation. Career: Merchant, Contractor and Board Director "Albert Abela" S.A.L. (Lebanese Jointstock company), "Contracting and Commercial Service". Prof. Addr.: Broumana, East Road, after playground, Taramarina Centre, 3rd floor, P.O.Box 200 (Broummana), Tel.: 04-862231, Fax: 04-862607, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: 04-964195, Beirut, Lebanon. 17

ABI GHOSN

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Public Law; Finances & Administration of U.L.; Diploma of Ecole du Trésor in Paris. Career: Teacher (1950-55); Accountant then Chief-Accountant at the Ministry of Finance (1955-67); Budget Director (1967-93); Lecturer at the Council of Public Function (1968-75); since 1993 Board Member of: Institut de Garantie des Dépôts and Financial Counsellor at the Ministry of Finance. Sports: Hunting. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Finance, Tel.: 642727, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-614412, Beirut, Lebanon.

Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to the Holy See (2004-) and non-resident Ambassador to Portugal and Sovereign of Malte. Member of the Lebanese Delegation at various International and Regional Conferences, particularly at Ministerial conferences of the State Members of the Arab League, Islamic Conferences at summet (Taëf in 1981 and Dakar 1991), as well as the conference of the Chiefs of States and Government of countries having in common the use of the french language (1990 in Dakar) at the Ministerial Conference of the countries non-aligned (Accra 1991) and at the Conference of Peace on the Near-East (Madrid, 1991). Awards: Grand Officer of "Ordre National du Lion Sénégalais", Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Francophonie. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ashrafieh, Bustros Palace, Beirut, Lebanon; Embassy of Lebanon, Via di Porta Angelica 15, Rome 00193, Italy.

ABI NASR (Neemetallah), Attorney at Law, Member of Parliament. Born in 1936 in Chnaneer/Kesrouan. Married to Samia Fares Adem, 3 children: Fares, R.ilat, Mussaitbeh), -Institute of Interior Security Forces (Commander of specialized officers session, Commander of many sessions for graduating officers from military college between 1983 and 1987, - Leadership of judiciary Police (South region) between 1987 and 1991, - Chief of Central Investigations in the Security System of embassies, Public administrations and Legislative Establishments -Chief of Counter -Gambling office in Lebanon (Judiciary Police) -General Secretary of Central Interior Security Board in the Lebanese Ministry of Interior since 1994, Elected on 4.1.98 General Secretary Assistant of the Arab Interior Ministers Council in Tunis, Counsellor of the Lebanese Interior Minister for the Arab and International Affairs, -Member of the Administration Board of the "Naief Arab Academy for Scurity Sciences". Other Information: Professor in the Lebanese University for the students of High Studies Diploma in "Methodology of social criminal research" and "Applied lectures and researches in Legal Sociology". Awards: Ordre National Du Mérite (3° Degre) et (2 o Degre) - Médaille D'honneur - Ordre du Cèdre National - Valeur Militaire des Blessés Médaille Commemorative (Fajr al-Janoub) - Médaille Commemorative (al-Wihda al-Watania). Sport: Football. Hobbies: Soft Music, reading. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Interior - Permanent secretary of Central Interior Security Council - Riad el-Solh - Khanamirian Bldg., Tel.: +961-3215700, Fax: +961-1-744425, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Jnah, Coral Bldg., P.O.Box 14-5222, Beirut, Lebanon.

DAHDAH (Joseph, Jamil), Director of government office. Born in 1915 in Damascus (Syria). Son of Jamil Dahdah. Married to Miss Leila Ballama, 3 children: Carole, Pierre and Jamil. Educ.: Beirut Higher School of Engineering (E.S.I.B.). Dipl.: B.Eng. Career: Engineer (1938-56); Chief of Technical Bureau at the Reconstruction Office (1956); Public Works Service Chief, now director of Reconstruction Office since 1962. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Adib Ishak Str., Boghossian Bldg., Tel.: 01324585, Beirut, Lebanon. DAHDAH (Salim, Farid), Economic adviser. Born in Lebanon. Son of Farid Dahdah (Former President of Civil Service Council) and Mrs., née Wadad Yared. Married in Feb. 1968 to Miss Josette Khoury-Hélou, 2 children: Youmna and Farid. Educ.: Secondary and Higher. Career: Former Lebanese economic adviser in Western Europe with headquarters at the Lebanese Embassy in Paris (Feb. 1968-71); Manager, Franco-Arab Bank - Paris; former Chairman, Société Libanaise de Gestion d'Entreprises S.A.L. former Chairman, Cie. du Casino du Liban. Priv. Addr.: Adma, Zone Jaune, rue 8, Nassar Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 03-233176, Lebanon. DAHER (Fouad), Magistrate. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. from the said university. Career: on the bench, sole judge at Jbayl, now counsel before the 3rd Chamber of Appeal Court of North Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Blvd. Tripoli, Imm. du boulevard, 8th floor (facing Palace of Justice), Tel.: 06441440, Fax: 06-446888, Tripoli, North Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ajam Str., Tel.: 06-620755, Tripoli, Lebanon.

DAHER (Khaled), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1958 in Akkar, Lebanon. Educ.: Master in Arab Literature (Lebanese University), Higher Islamic Studies. Career: Former Responsible of Muslim Students Union in North Lebanon; Member in the Coordination Committee in North Lebanon, and Responsible for Jamaa Islamia in Akkar; Owner and Director of "Riad al-Atfal School" in Akkar; Elected Deputy (1996-2000). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

DAHER (General Fadl, Dr.), General Secretary of Central Interior Security Board in the Lebanese Ministry of Interior, Elected on 4.1.98 General Secretary Assistant of the Arab Interior Ministers Council in Tunis. Born on may 15, 1951 at Aytaroun, Lebanon. Son of Hassan Daher and Mrs., née Mariam Abdel Monem. Married on Jan. 26, 1989 in Beirut to Dr. Samira El Zein, 3 children: Rim (1989), Ali (1992), Lara (1995). Educ.: Primary studies: al-Jihad School, Dekwaneh - Complementary studies: Sin el-Fil School - Secondary studies: Ecole Normale, Ashrafieh - University studies: 1 - Lebanese University, 2University Paris II (Sorbonne), 3-University Paris V (Sorbonne), 4- Military Academy. Dipl.: 1- Teaching Diploma from Grand Ecole for Training of Teachers, 1970.

DAHER (Mikhail, Antoine), Former Minister, former Deputy, lawyer. Born in 1928 at Koubayat, Akkar (Lebanon). Son of Antoine Daher and Mrs., née Adèle Khoury. Married on 14 Sept. 1980 to Miss Karyn Rizkallah, two sons: Mikhail and Albert. Educ.: College 98

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DAJANI

of the Christian Brothers (Tripoli) and St. Joseph University (Beirut) (1954-55). Dipl.: LL.B. (1954) and D.E.A. of Law, Bachelor of Philosophy (St. Joseph University and Lebanese University) (1955-56). Career: Lawyer, elected deputy for Akkar (1972-2005) ; Minister of Education and Fine Arts (Oct. 1992-May 1995). Sport: Swimming. Prof. Addr.: Sofil Center, 5th floor, Ashrafieh, Fouad Chehab Avenue, Tel.: 01-338636/7, Fax: 01202617, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Farhat Bldg., Brazilia, Hazmieh, Tel.: 05-454422, 454433, Beirut, Lebanon.

International Institute of Communication; Contributing and Consulting Editor, Journal of Communication; Member, Panel of Advisors, International Encyclopedia of Communications; Member, Lebanese Family Planning Society; Member, Panel of Experts, Lebanese National Population Council. Consulting Work: Undertook consulting missions for: UNESCO, UNEDBAS, Government of Bahrain, Government of Iraq, Government of Kuwait, Government of Lebanon, Government of Qatar, FAO. Membership in University Committees: Task Force Unification of University Bylows (Chairperson); University Senate, AUB, 1979-85, 1986-96 and 19972000; University Senate Steering Committee (chairperson, 1984-85, 1987-91, 1992-93 and 1997-99); University Senate Academic Planning Committee; University Senate Committee on Faculty Affairs, 1983-92, (chairperson, 1983-85), and 1994-96; University Planning Committee; University Publications Committee; Arts and Sciences Administrative Committee, (chairperson, 1979-85); Arts and Sciences Admissions Committee; Arts and Sciences Advisory Committee; Arts and Sciences Curriculum Committee; Arts and Sciences Scholarships Committee (chairperson, 1976-77); Arts and Sciences Students Affairs Committee. Membership in Civic Organizations: Chief Marshal, American University of Beirut, 1983-present; President, Faculty Association, American University of Beirut, 1993-96; Chairman, Parents Association, International College, 1982-84; General Secretary, Alumni Association, American University of Beirut, 1973-83. Publications: I. Books and monographs: Disoriented Media in a Fragmented Society: The Lebanese Experience, American University Press, Beirut, 1992; Communication Policies in Lebanon (in arabic) (with B. Eid), UNESCO, Paris, 1985; Lebanon, Studies in Broadcasting, International Institute of Communications, London, 1979. II. Articles: "The World News in the Lebanese Media," Bahithat, Mar. 2000. "The Lebanese Media Scene" in Srebemy A. and Stevenson R.L., Mapping International News: Theory and Research, Hampton Press, 2000. "Disparity between Public Interest and Money, and Power", al-Mustakbal al-Arabi no. 250, vol. 22, Dec. 1999. "The Cultural and Communication Dimension of the New World Order," (in arabic), alMustakbal al-Arabi, Oct. 1997; "Pros and Cons of the Lebanese Media," (in arabic) Dirasat Arabiyyah, Sept./Oct. 1997; "The Role of Television in the Lebanese Society", (in arabic) al-Mustakbal al-Arabi, June 1996; "The Role of the Mass Media in the Popular Participation in the Reconstruction of the Central District of Beirut," (in arabic) in N. Beyhum, A. Salam, and J. Tabet, Manhajiet Imar Beirut, Urban Research Institute and the Ford Foundation, Beirut, 1995; "The Crisis of Everyday Life in Beirut," Reconstruire Beyrouth, les paris sur le possible, La Maison de l'Orient University Press, Lyon 1991; "Arab Information and the Palestinian Problem: A Look into the Future," (in arabic) Palestinian

DAJANI (Nabil, H., Ph.D.), Mass Communication Professor. Born on May 1, 1937 in Jerusalem. Son of Hussein Dajani (Merchant) and Mrs., née Nafiyah Murad. Married in 1972 in Beirut to Huda Shurbaji, 2 children: Tarek (Aug. 3, 1974) and Dana (Nov. 30, 1976). Educ.: Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Mass Communication, University of Iowa, USA, 1968; Master of Arts (M.A.) in Sociology, American University of Beirut, 1960; Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Sociology, American University of Beirut, 1957. Experience: I. Professional Positions: Chairman, Social & Behavioral Sciences Department, American University of Beirut 1999-present and Professor, Social & Behavioral Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, 1989-present; Fulbright Visiting Scholar Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, Spring semester 1999-2000; Visiting Scholar, Centre for Mass Communication Research, Leicester University, (during sabbatical leave), spring semester 1985-86; Assistant Dean, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, AUB, 1979-84, and summer 1987, and Associate Professor, 1979-89; Director, Mass Communication Program, AUB, 1974-76, and Assistant Professor of Mass Communication, AUB, 1970-79; Lecturer in Mass Communication, School of Journalism and Documentation, Lebanese University (Part-time), 1977-80; Senior Consultant and Director, Talal Abu Ghazaleh and Associates, Kuwait, Sept. 1976-Feb. 1977; Director of Information, American University of Beirut, 1964-70; Public Relations Officer, American University of Beirut, 1963-64; Assistant Development Officer, American University of Beirut, 1962-63; Assistant to Vice-President for University Relations, American University of Beirut, 1959-62; Middle East News Editor, The Daily Star, Beirut, 1960-62 (night job). II. Professional Activities, Membership in Professional Organizations: Member, International Board, International Association for Mass Communication Research, 1973-89; Member, Board of Trustees, Kamel Mroeh Foundation for the Promotion of Arab Journalism, 1973-present; Member, UNESCO International Panel of Experts on Communication Research, 1971-75; Member, International Association for Mass Communication Research (member of its "international board" 1972-84) and member of "IAMCR in the 21st Century" task force, 1996-98; Member, International Communication Association; Member,

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DAJANI

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Encyclopedia, Section II, Beirut, 1990; "The Arab Media: 'Watchdog' or Subservient", in The Vigilant Press, UNESCO, Paris, 1989; "A Critical View of Arab Communication Research," (in arabic), al-Buhuth quarterly, Arab Center for Research, Baghdad, Nov. 1988; "The Role of Communication in Preparing the Arab Individual for Development," (in arabic), in: The Preparation of the Arab Mind Scientific Contribution, Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, 1986; "Mass Media Credibility and Social Responsibility: The Case of Lebanon," published in the Proceedings on the Seventh World Media Conference, Tokyo, 1985; "Mass Media in the Arab Middle East," (with Douglas Boyd) in Bertrand and Urabayen, World Media, Iowa State University Press, 1985' "Mass Media and Social Consciousness in a Lebanese Community," in Halloran, J, (ed.) Communication in The Community, UNESCO, Paris, 1980; "The Me Bride Report: Perspective from the Middle East," in Hamelink, C. (ed.) Communication in the Eighties: A Reader on the Me Bride Report, IDOC International, Rome 1980; also in Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol. 3, Sage Publication, London, 1982; "The Challenges of the Communication Revolution on the Arab and International Fronts," (in arabic), al-Fikr el-Arabi (Arab Thought Journal), Beirut, Mar.-Apr. 1979; also in: Communication Research in the Arab World, ALECSO, Cairo, 1980; "Foreign Experience in the Teaching of Mass Communication in the Arab World," (in arabic), Journal of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Mar. 1979; "The Development of Demand for Communication Graduates in the Arab World," (in arabic), in The Modern Development of the Communication Sector, Lebanese University, Beirut, 1979; "Communication in the Service of National Development," (in arabic), Journal of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Oct. 1977; "Communication and Development: A Non-Western Outlook," in Reading in Extension and Communication: A Cross-Cultural Empirical Base for Planning Change, The Queens and University Press, Australia, 1976; "Pan Arab Advertising: its history and development," Arab Economist, Feb. 1975; "Press for Rent: The Situation in Lebanon," Journal of Communication, Spring, 1975; "Free Press of Freedom of the Press: The Dilemma of Developing Nations", published in the proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the International Association of Mass Communication Research, Karl-Marx University, Leipzig, 1975; "Foreign News in the Arab Press," (with J. Donohue), Gazette, 19.3.73; "Media Exposure and Mobility in Lebanon," Journalism Quarterly, 2, 1973; "Policies and Plans Needed for the Mobilization of the Communication Sector in the Service of National Development," (in arabic), al-Abhath, American University of Beirut, 1972; also in Sa'b, H., (ed.) The Strategy of the Scientific Revolution for the Mobilization of Arab Technology, Naser Cultural Institute, Beirut, 1973; "The Press in Lebanon," Gazette,

1971; "Speech Education in Lebanon," (with Collins, J.), in Casmir and Harms, International Studies of National Speech Education Systems, Burgess, Minneapolis, 1970; "Liberal-Traditional Attitudes Among Arab University Students," Middle East Forum, 36,1.1960; also Contributed to numerous documents as well as reports prepared by international professional commpmcation meetings. Professional Activities: Dec. 1999, presented a paper on "The Confessional Scene in Lebanese Television", at a workshop organized by the the Carsten Niebuhr Institute on Near Eastern Studies of the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nov. 1999, organized for AUB's Research and Extension Programs (REP) A workshop for senior business and government officials on "Communication", Beirut; Nov. 1999, presented a paper on "The Transnational Arab Press," at the seminar on "The Effect of the Transnational Written Arab Media," organised by al-Hayat Newspaper, Beirut; Oct. 1999, participated in the AUB team of academic consultants to the University of Sharjah, Sharjah. UAE; May 1999, presented a paper at a seminar on media ethics sponsored by the Federation of Arab News Agencies (FANA), Beirut; Feb. 1999, presented a paper at the International Seminar on Satellite Broadcasting in the Middle East and North Africa, Cairo; Feb. 1999, participated in the AUB team of academic consultants to the University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; Sept. 1998, conducted a study visit to the School of Journalism and Mass Communication and discussed research data with colleagues, Chapel Hill, USA; Aug. 1998, Delivered a paper on "Globalization and Culture", at the Seminar on "The Mass Media and Globalization", sponsored by the Federation of Arab News Agencies, Damascus, Syria; May 1998, organized for AUB's Research and Extension Programs (REP) a workshop on "Public Relations" for Saudi Arabian executives, Beirut; Apr. 1998, served as a member of a team of experts to evaluate the academic programs of the University of Sharjah, UAE; Dec. 1977, Attended, and served as a discussant of a paper at the Seminar on "the Arabs and Globalization," organized by the Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, Lebanon; May 1996, Attended and presented a paper, "Media Influence on International Affairs: the Fallacy of a Global Village," at the 46th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Chicago, USA; Mar. 1996, attended and chaired a session of a symposium on "the Status of Information in Lebanon", by the FredrichNaumann Foundation and the René Moawad Foundation, Beirut; Sept. 1994, attended the Media Flows Research Symposium, University of Tampere, Finland; May 1993, attended UNESCO's National Workshop on "Environmental Education", Beirut. Presented a paper; Aug. 1991, attended the Annual COPRED Conference on "Peace as Policy", Fairfax, USA.; Aug.-Sept. 1991, study visit to the Conflict Clinic, George Mason University, USA.; Nov. 1990, attended a round table meeting on "Les 100

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

DAJANI

espaces public de Beyrouth en 1990", at the Maison de l'Orient Méditérranéen, Université Lyon, France. Presented a paper entitled. "The Crisis of Everday Life in Beirut"; Mar. 1990, conducted a weeklong Seminar on communication for principals of public schools in Bahrain, Manama; Feb. 1990, attended a working seminar, sponsored by the American University of Beirut and George Mason University, on conflict analysis and resolution, Larnaka, Cyprus; Feb. 1990, attended (and served as rapporteur) of the Second Working Group for the evaluation of the implementation of recommendations adopted by the Intergovernmental Conference on Communication Policies in the Arab States (ARABCOM), Amman; Dec. 1989, participated in a UNESCO group to study integrated approaches to development communication and plan a training package in this area, Paris, France; Dec. 1988, attended (and served as rapporteur of) the meeting of the First Working Group for the evaluation of the implementation of recommendations adopted by the Intergovernmental Conference on Communication Policies in the Arab States (ARABCOM), Amman, Jordan; Nov. 1988, attended a UNEDBAS expert meeting to review two manuals for the training of rural development workers, Amman, Jordan; June 1988, attended a special Unesco working session for the preparation of a regional meeting for communication officials selected to monitor the implementation of the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Conference on Communication Policies in the Arab States (ARABCOM), Amman. Prepared the annotated agenda as well as the final report of this meeting that took place in Dec. 1988; Apr. 1988, participated in, and delivered a paper at the Arab Regional Seminar on Communication Research, sponsored by the Arab States Broadcating Union (ASBU), Tunis. Paper was published in al-Buhuth quarterly; Nov. 1987, served as a member of a UNESCO team of five international experts editing the first issue of the World Communication Report, Paris, France; Oct. 1987, attended meeting of Arab Experts on Communication Research for Family Planning, Rabat, Morocco; June 1987, attended an FAO Expert Consultation on development Support Communication, Rome, Italy; Apr. 1987, served as UNESCO and the Arab Gulf Fund consultant to the Government of Bahrain to advise on the development of a communication support component for a family planning project, Bahrain; Mar. 1987, attended a UNESCO planning meeting for the Arab intergovernmental conference on communication policies, Paris, July 1986, served as UNEDBAS Communication Expert at FAO headquarters to prepare communication support material for a development project in Jordan, Rome, Italy; Dec. 1985, attended a UNESCO/University of Qatar seminar on the reorganization of general environmental education at the University level. (Presented a paper on the role of the mass media in promoting environmental awareness in the Arab region,

Doha, Qatar); Nov. 1984, attended, and presented a paper at, the "Seventh World Media Conference", Tokyo, Japan; Sept. 1982, participated in the Tenth Congress of the International Association for Mass Communication Research (IAMCR), Paris; July 1982, participated in a Unesco/IAMCR consultation on Unesco's communication research and policy objectives, Leicester, England. ("Communication in the Eighties: Some proposals for an International Research Strategy", was drafted at this meeting and published by Unesco); Aug. 1981, attended the Executive Committee meeting of the International Association for Mass Communication Research (IAMCR). Stockholm, Sweden; Apr. 1981, served as chairman of a Special Arab League meeting of Communication experts on Arab Information Strategy in Africa, Arab League, Tunis; Sept. 1980, attended, and presented a paper at, the Ninth Congress of the International Association for Mass Communication Research, Caracas, Venezuela (the paper was published in "Communication in the Eighties", and in Mass Communication Review Yearbook, Vol.3); May 1980, attended the "World Communication Conference", Annenberg School of Communication, Philadelphia, U.S.A.; Apr. 1980, attended the Executive Meeting of the International Association for Mass Communication Research (IAMCR), Prague, Czechoslovakia; Feb. 1980, participated in a 3-week "International Policy Workshop on International Communication and the Role of the Role of Research", Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Holland. ("Communication Research in Third World Realities", a monograph, was prepared by this workshop and published by the ISS.); Dec. 1979, attended a "preanalysis meeting of the Unesco International Research Team working on the Foreign images in the Mass Media", Unesco, Paris; Nov. 1979, served as vicechairman of the "International Symposium on Priorities in Communication Training in the Arab World", Amman, Jordan; Feb. 1979, attended the Program Committee meeting of the International Association for Mass Communication Research, Allensbach, West Germany; Jan. 1979, presented a paper (published in the Journal of Social Sciences, Kuwait) at the "Seminar on Communication Studies in the Arab World", sponsored by Riyadh University, Riyadh; Dec. 1978, presented a working paper (published by ALECSO, as a chapter in "Communication Research in the Arab World" and "alFikr al Arabi" at the "Meeting of Experts on Communication Research in the Arab Nation", the Arab League, Cairo; Dec. 1978, represented, as an observer, the International Association for Mass Communication Research (IAMCR) at the UNESCO conference on "New World Information Order", Aqaba, Jordan; Sept. 1978, participated in the annual conference of the International Institute of Communication, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia; Sept. 1978, read a paper at the Eighth Congress of the International Association for Mass Communication Research. (The paper was published in the Journal of 101

DAKKAK

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Communication), Warsaw, Poland; May 1978, attended the founding meeting of the Association of Arab Institutions involved in communication teaching and training, Benghazi, Libya; Apr. 1978, attended the executive committee meeting of the International Association for Mass Communication Research, Leipzig, East Germany; Jan. 1978, attended the Symposium for Mass Communication Studies in the Arab World, Riyadh University, Saudi Arabia; Jan. 1978, served as Unesco consultant to the Qatar Government to advise on the establishment of a mass communication program at the Qatar University; Sept. 1977, attended the Annual Conference of the International Institute of Communication, Washington D.C. and presented a paper on Lebanese Television. (The IIC published an extended version of the paper in a monograph.); Apr. 1977, attended the Arab Regional Seminar on "Communications, Environment and Development", in Sudan, sponsored by the Government of Sudan and the International Institute of Communication; May 1977, attended a "Closed Seminar on Oil Information as a Specialized Field of Communication", held by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), Kuwait. Presented the opening paper at the meeting (published in the Journal of Social Sciences); Sept. 1976, participated in the Seventh Congress of the International Association for Mass Communication Research, Leicester, England; Sept. 1976, participated in the Annual Conference of the International Institute of Communication, Cologne, West Germany; Mar. 1976, conducted a seminar, sponsored by the U.S. Cultural Affairs Office, on "Communication and Development", in Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Tunis, and Morocco; Feb. 1976, attended a working meeting for the preparation of a Unesco international research program on foreign images, Tampere, Finland; Jan. 1976, served as Consultant to the Ministry of Information, Kuwait; Sept. 1975, attended the "Inter-Arab Seminar on Advertising: Present and Future", Beirut. (Served as honorary chairman and delivered the opening address which was published in the Arab Economist.); Mar. 1975, served as FAO Communication Expert in Iraq to organize and head a "communication training workshop"; Sept. 1975, attended the annual meeting of Unesco's International Panel of Consultants on Communication Research (a Unesco document "Communication Policies and Planning" (COM/MD/24) was prepared by this panel and published by Unesco; Nov. 1974, attended a Unesco/University of Michigan working conference on research in family planning communication, Ann Arbor, USA.; Sept. 1974, attended the Sixth Congress of the International Association for Mass Communication Research in Leipzig, East Germany, and presented a paper which was published in the proceedings of the Congress by the KarlMarx University, Leipzig; Sept. 1974, attended the annual meeting of Unesco's International Panel of Consultants on Communication Research, Paris. ("Proposals for an

International Program of Communication Research", COM/MD/20 was prepared at this meeting and published by Unesco). Sports: Football, tennis. Hobby: Chess. Addr.: Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Fax: 1-212-4445814, 1-212-478-1995, Tel.: +961-1-810722, +961-1862280, E-mail: [email protected]. DAKKAK (Basile, Salim), Journalist. Born on 2 Nov. 1920. Son of Salim Dakkak and Mrs., née Olga Moussaffi. Married on 6 Aug. 1942 to Miss Alexandra Moueissti, 2 children: Salem and Hadi. Educ.: Secondary and Higher. Career: former editor (20 years) of "al-Hayat" newspaper of Beirut, expert in Arab affairs (1946-66), correspondent to DPA (West German news agency) since 1958, Proprietor "ar-Rasmal" economic and financial weekly published in Arabic. Act. & Pubi.: Author of "The Golden Gate" (survey of Nationalist China) and of about 20 political, historical and literary works, including "Turkey Between two Giants", "Hitler", "Mehdawy Regime in Iraq", "Hsss", "Napoleon HI", "Mary Walewska", "Pakistan", etc... Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Geitawi, Industrial Str., Antoun Bldg., Appt. Dakkak, 4th floor, P.O.Box 11-4263, Tel.: 01-585513, Beirut, Lebanon. DALLAL (Edmond), Lawyer. Born in Aleppo, Syria, on 7 May 1924. Son of Gebrael Dallai and Mrs., née Olga Azrak. Married in 1957, 3 children: Gebrael (lawyer), Nayla and Nathalie. Educ.: Marist Brothers College and St. Joseph University. Career: Lawyer, former Board member of Credit Libanais S.A.L., Board Member of Hoechst Middle East S.A.L. and former Board member of Henkel Lebanon S.A.L. Priv. Addr.: Jounieh, el-Badaoui Bldg., Tel.: 09-930913, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Elias Baaklini Str., Santa Maria Bldg., P.O.Box 16-6010, Tel.: 01-322493, 328975, Beirut, Lebanon. DALLOUL (Mohsen, Ali), Former Minister, former Deputy. Born in Ali Nahri (Bekaa), 1932. Son of Ali Dalloul. Married to Miss Siham Kanaan, 4 children: Nizar, Ali, Ziad and Rula. Educ.: Oriental College (Zahlé) and Ecole des Lettres (Beirut). Dipl.: graduate in Psychology and Philosophy. Career: Journalist, Professor, Member of the Lebanese Press Order; Member of the Higher Islamic Council of the Shiite Community; Minister of Agriculture (1990), again in 1992, Minister of Defence (1992-98); Elected Deputy (1992-2005). Prof. Addr.: Verdun Str., Zahra'a Bldg., facing Palais Nabih Berri, Tel.: 01-865923, Fax: 01-809333, Beirut, Lebanon . DANA (Hani Osman, El), Banker. Born on Mar. 1, 1952 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Osman el-Dana, Politician and Mrs., née Sophie Hoss. Married to Susan Serbey, 3 children: Sophia (1/7/1974), Nicole (20/10/1976), Carole (10/10/1996). Educ.: Master Business Administration, New York University, U.S.A.; 102

DAOU

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION B.A. (Economics), American University of Beirut; Baccalaureate 2nd Part, International College, Beirut, Lebanon. Career: Executive Director, General Manager, Saudi Lebanese Bank, Verdun (2003-present); Member of the Board of Directors, Banque de la Mediterranée, Beirut, Lebanon, (1993-2003); General Manager, Qatar National Bank, (1988-93); Vice-President, Chase Manhattan Bank (1977-88). Sport: Swimming. Prof. Addr.: Saudi Lebanese Bank, Verdun, P.O.Box 11-6765, Beirut, Lebanon.

has published Several Researches about Tumor in most important international magazines. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. D A N I E L (Jean, Georges), Diplomat. Born on 24 Nov. 1949 in Beirut. Son of Georges Daniel and Mrs., née Jeanette Marine. Educ.: St. Joseph University Dipl.: Licence in Administrative and Political Sciences (1973), LL.B. (UL-1973), Diploma of "the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna" (Austria-1976), Studies at E.N.A. (Paris-1975),

D A N A (Osman, Mosbah, al-), Former minister, Former deputy. Born in 1921 in Beirut. Son of Mosbah alDana. Married to Miss Safieh al-Hoss, 4 children. Educ.: French Lycée, al-Makased College, French Faculty of Law in Beirut. Dipl.: Licence of Law (from the said faculty in 1946); Doctor in Law from Saint Olaf Academy (London 1967). Career: Counsel in the Court of Appeal of South Lebanon (1947-51); Advocate General in the Court of Appeal of Beirut (1951-60); Deputy of Beirut (1960-64); Minister of Public Works and Transport (Aug. 1, 1960May 20, 1961); Minister of Planning (Aug. 1, 1961-Feb. 19, 1964); Re-elected Deputy of Beirut (1964-68); Minister of Finance (Nov. 19, 1964-July 20, 1965); Minister of Public Works and Transport (Feb. 8, 1968-Oct. 19, 1968); Re-elected Deputy of Beirut (1968-72); Minister of Hydraulic and Electric Resources (Jan. 15, 1969- Nov. 2, 1969); Minister of Information (Nov. 2, 1969-Oct. 13, 1970); Re-elected Deputy of Beirut (197292); Minister of Public Health (July 8, 1973-Oct. 31, 1974). Sports: Football, volleyball and basketball. Priv. Addr.: Army Str., Zokak el-Blatt, Dana Bldg., facing Ancien Pharaon Palace, Tel.: 01-486356, 496807, 03745178, Beirut, Lebanon.

Research Studies at "Institut Universitaire International Luxembourg" (Luxembourg-1977), Ph.D. in International Relations (Salford University - U.K.

1988). Lang.:

French: Diplôme d'Etudes Françaises; University of Lille, France,

(1971);

German:

Zertifikat

Deutsch

Als

Fremdsprache (Goethe Institut, Munich, Germany-1974); English: Certificate of English (University of Cambridge, Great Britain, 1976). Career: Attaché, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1978); Consul of Lebanon to U.K. - London (1979-83); Consul of Lebanon to Kuwait (1983-86); Head of the Privileges and Immunity Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut (1986-88); Permanent Deputy Delegate

to the UNESCO-Paris

(1988-91);

Chargé

d'Affaires at the Lebanese Embassy in Spain (1991-95); Head of the "Arab League" Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1995-96); Consul-General of Lebanon to Melbourne (Victoria -Australia) (1996-99); Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleniptentiary to India since Aug. 1999 to Sept. 2003 and Ambassador non-Resident to Sri-Lanka, Thailand

and

Bangladesh;

Head

of

the

Cultural

Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Oct. 2003Feb.2005). Actual Position: Director of the International Affairs Department (2005- ). Works:

"Engagement

Politico-Confessionel et Genèse de l'Entité Politique

D A N D A C H E (Fadlallah), Landowner and contractor, former deputy. Born in Lebanon. Married to Miss Hoda Mokaddam. Educ.: Secondary. Career: Contractor, elected deputy for Baalbeck-Hermel (1960 & 1964), President of Public Works Parliamentary commission, Former President of "Arab Marble Company S.A.L.". Priv. Addr.: Baalbeck-Hermel, Tel.: 08-370385, Lebanon.

Libanaise" (Thesis-1976); "The Protocol in the Lebanon" (1988) "Madrid's Peace Conference" (Two volumes) 1999. Decor.: "Commandeur" de l'Ordre du Mérite Civil Espagnol. Hobbies: Travelling, reading and classical music.

Prof.

Addr.:

Ministry

of

Foreign

Affairs,

Ashrafieh, Palais Bustros, Beirut, Lebanon. D A O U (Boutros), Cleric. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: St.

D A N D A C H I (Azzam), Doctor in Medicine, Member of Parliament. Born on July 7, 1959 at Wadi Khaled (Akkar). Married to Nada Rahal. Educ.: Graduated Doctor (1985), Specialization in malignant cancer tumor at A.U.B. Career: Professor, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University; Vice-President of Order of Physicians (1999); Supervisor of Blood Bank at Islamic Hospital in Tripoli; Member of Executive and Constitutional Committee for the malignant cancer tumor Doctors in Lebanon; Member of the Future Party in North Lebanon; Participated to the Fundation of "Future Doctors" and appointed President of that Fundation for 3 years; Elected Deputy of Tripoli (2005-to date). Pubi.: he

Joseph University, Beirut; Gregorian University, Rome; University of Lyon, France. Dipl.: Bachelor of History and Bachelor of Letters, Bachelor of Divinity. Career: Ordained to the priesthood, professor of Arab Philosophy at Saint Maron Seminary of Ghazir. Member: Maronite Ecclesiastical Unified Court. Pubi.: Author of "History of the Maronites" (6 volumes - 1970-80). Dist.: Awarded Said Aki Prize in 1970. Addr.: Dar el-Rahme, Ain Saade, el-Metn, Lebanon. DAOU

(Elie, Halim), Industrialist, president and

director-general of companies. Born on 4 Dec. 1933 in

103

DAOU

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Beirut. Son of Halim Daou (industrialist) and Mrs., née Kamal Chamoun. Married on 15 Oct. 1955 to Miss Leila Mouaykel, 3 children: Kamal, Halim and Carla. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Career: former president and director-general "société Nationale pour l'Industrie du Bois (SNIBOIS) S.A.L." and member "société des Grands Restaurants du Liban S.A.L.", Co-proprietor "Wijnpy", founding-member of "Halim Daou & Fils, S.A.L." and "société Moquette S.A.L." Member: Member Board of Directors Gulf International for Hotels & Tourism S.A.L. (Meridian-Beirut), Lion's Club. Sport: Shooting. Hobby: Travelling. Prof. Addr.: Halim Daou & Fils SAL, P.O.BOX 5470, Tel.: 01-427228/29, 282357/8, Fax: 01-282360, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Dabbas Str., Halim Daou Bldg., Tel.: 01-332444, Beirut, Lebanon.

Archbishop of Horns, Syria (18.09.1994); Patriarch (13.10.1998); Prefect of the Vatican Congregation for the Oriental Churches (25.11.2000); Cardinal (21.2.2001). Addr.: Congregation for the Oriental Churches - 00120 Vatican City - Europe, Tel.: 0039-06-69884281, Fax: 0039-06-69884300. DAOUD (Rached, Elias), Doctor in Medicine. Born in Kfar Helda, Batroun, North Lebanon in 1956. Career: Doctor in Medicine from the University Cluj-Napoca, Rumania, Healer with a personal technique and "unique skill" in bioenergy, successfully treated patients in Lebanon, the Middle East and Europe having chronic medical disorders. He was among the first to introduce Healing (Bioenergy) in clinical and physical pathology. His medical doctorate thesis was written in poetry in Rumanian and, greatly appreciated by the examining board, was published under the title "Landing on Golgotha" by Dacia Publishing House (1983) with a Preface by the genetist Dr. C. Maximillian. Poet: author of several additional books of poetry in Rumanian: Fascination of Time, published by Junimia (1981); Thought in Gratitude, published by Eminescu (1983); Celestial Eurethmy (manuscript); Tragic Diagnosis (manuscript); Sic Zie (manuscript) and in most Rumanian newspapers and magazines. In prose: My Reality, concerning various personal medical experiences, with a preface by Alfred Murr (in the press in the U.K.). Medical articles written by eminent specialists concerning my medical approach and technique in Arabic and in English. Distinctions: Member of the Association of Writers in Rumania; Member of the Order of Medical Doctors of Lebanon; Member of the Lebanese Academy of Thought; Member of the Holistic Medical Association of Britain; Member of Scientific and Medical Network of Britain; Member of the National Federation of Spiritual Healers of Britain; Member of the Doctor Healer Network of Britain; Member of the Cybernetical Society, King's College, London University; Doctor Honoris Causa in Science from the University of Colombo on the occasion of the World Congress of Natural Medicine. Correspondence with Universities, renowned specialists and patients. Addr.: Jounieh, P.O.Box 467 (Jounieh), Tel.: +961-3-297697, Fax: +961-9-934863, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

DAOU (Joseph, Halim), Business consultant, international marketing, tourism & hotel industry. Born in Apr. 1928 in Beirut. Son of Halim Daou (industrialist) and Mrs., née Kamal Chamoun. Married in 1956 to Miss Marie Haykel, 4 children: Marie-Joe, Michele, George and Dany. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Career: Former Chairman and Managing Director of "Halim Daou & fils S.A.L.". Sports: Member of the Golf Club of Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 15-5012, Hazmieh, Brazilia, Tel.: 05-452864, Beirut suburb, Lebanon and U.S.A. DAOUD (Faycal, Salim), Former Deputy. Born in Rachaya al-Wadi, (West Bekaa), 1954. Son of Salim Daoud (former deputy, deceased). Married to Wafa'a Abdel Karim. Educ.: Secondary, Oriental College. Career: Landowner, President of the Board of the Chamsine Water Services; Responsible of Protocol at the Parliament, before being appointed Deputy of the Bekaa West in (1991), elected Deputy (1992- 2005); former Member of the Parliamentary Commission for defence and education. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. DAOUD (Fouad, Habib), Former magistrate, lawyer. Born in 1914 at Hasbaya (Lebanon). Son of Habib Daoud. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. from the said university. Career: Lawyer, Public Prosecutor in Beirut (1943-48), Practice since 1949. Hobby: Reading. Priv. Addr.: Sassine Str., Saint Nicolas district, Fouad Daoud Bldg., 3rd floor, P.O.Box 16-5404, Tel.: 01-321656, Beirut, Lebanon.

DAOUD (Robert, Joseph), Surgeon. Born on 24 Sept. 1932 in Nazareth (Palestine). Son of Joseph Daoud (surgeon) and Mrs., née Victoria Nasr. Married on 29 Nov. 1969 to Miss Thelma Yussef el-Daher. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine (Paris). Dipl.: M.D. (1956), Certificate of plastic surgery, Diploma of labour legal medicine. Career: former hospital intern and non resident doctor, chief of surgical clinic at hospital Hotel-Dieu of France (Beirut), surgery

DAOUD (Ignace Moussa I, His Beatitude), Patriarch of the Syrian Catholic Church. Born on 18 Sept. 1930 at Horns, Syria. Son of Daoud Daoud and Mrs., née Kahla Dabbas. Dipl.: Licence in Canon Law - S. Giovanni in Laterano in Rome. Career: Priest at Horns (17.10.1954); Bishop of Cairo, Egypt (18.09.1977); 104

DEBAHY

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Express/Platinium Card, Master Card/ Gold. Prof. Addr.: 510, Sabbag Center, 5th floor, Hamra Str., Beirut, Tel.: 01342633/4. Priv. Addr.: Jnah, Shoucair Building, Tel.: 01826454/5, Beirut, Lebanon.

assistant in the said hospital, resident doctor in Paris Hospitals, reconstructive and plastic surgery in hospital Hotel-Dieu of France (Beirut) and Rizk hospital. Award: Gold medal, Lebanese Order of Merit. Member: French Plastic Surgery Association, International Surgery Association. Sport: All sports. Prof. Addr.: Museum Square, Museum Pharmacy Bldg., Salameh Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-615484, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, facing Hôpital Rizk, Zehil Bldg., 9th floor, Tel.: 01-201309, 03-252550, Lebanon.

DAOUK (Zouheir), Orthopedic Surgeon. Born on Aug. 28, 1947 in Beirut. Son of Abdel Rahman Daouk (Mechanical Engineer) and Mrs., née Jamileh Traboulsy. Married on July 27, 1972 in Nicosia to Barbara Azar, 6 Children: Bassam (1974), Mazen (1976), Tarek (1979), Lina (1980), Sami (1986), Ziad (1988). Educ.: College des Frères (1952-67), French Faculty of Medicine (196875). Dipl.: Doctor in Medicine, Orthopedic Surgery. Career: St. Georges Hospital, Beirut (1973-75 Rotation); St. Georges Hospital, Beirut (1975-79 Orthopedic Surgery specialization); Raymond Poincarre Hospital, France (1979-80 Ultra Specialization in Pediatric orthopedics). 1980-99 Full time orthopedic surgeon at St. Georges Hospital, Beirut; in charge of teaching at 1) Hospital St. Georges Beirut, 2) Institut National Supérieur de Physiothérapie, 3) French Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, St. Joseph/Beirut. Other Information: Special training in Heavy Trauma and war surgery. Sports: Swimming, volleyball. Hobby: Reading. Credit Cards: Master Card. Prof. Addr.: St. Georges Hospital, P.O.Box 16-6378, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-581700, 585700, Fax: +9611-582560, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Monte Verde, Lunaria 9 Str., Ζ. Daouk Bldg., 4th Floor, Tel.: 04-401425, 400765, Lebanon.

DAOUK (Ahmad), Surgeon. Born in 1938 in Beirut. Educ.: American University of Beirut, University of Wisconsin, USA. Dipl.: M.D. (1965), specialization in general surgery (1965-67), in kidney transplant (1967-71). Career: surgeon of Barbir hospital since 1972. Observation: performed the first kidney transplant in Lebanon in 1972. Priv. & Prof. Addr.: Hamra, rue de Lyon, Abdallah Daouk Bldg., Tel.: 01-348064/069, 352153, Dar As-Soha, Berbir Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon and U.S.A. DAOUK (Khaled Y.), Honorary Consul General of Ireland. Born in 1943 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son ofYoussef Daouk (Jeweller) and Mrs., née Mariam Ayas. Married in 1968 in Beirut to Raya Daouk, 2 sons: Youssef (1970) and Said (1971). Married in 1974 in Beirut to May Fathallah, 2 sons: Karim (1975) and Tarek (1979). Educ.: Broumana High School, International College, AUB, University of London. Dipl.: Sophomore, B.A. Career: President of Food and Consumer Goods Company, Landlord & Real Estate, Honorary Consul General of Ireland. Sports: Swimming and tennis. Clubs: Oriental Club; London, Golf Club, Beirut. Credit Card: Visa. Prof. Addr.: Verdun, Rue Leonardo de Vinci, Abdulrahman Bldg., Tel.: 01-863239, 863040, Fax: 01-860076, Beirut, Lebanon, Priv. Addr.: Qoraytem, P.O.Box 11-9576, Tel.: 01860398, Beirut, Lebanon.

DAVIDIAN (Vahe), Historian. Born in 1921 in Lebanon. Educ.: Secondary and Higher. Career: Schoolmaster at la Sagesse College and French Lycée since 1943. Pubi.: Wrote a number of articles on "The Question of the Straits" (awarded King Faruk I prize), "Education and International Understanding" (UNO prize - 1954), "Napoleon and the Orient" (published in Paris). President of General de Gaulle's Friends Association (1972). Priv. Addr.: Salim Baz Str., Ashrafieh, Regie Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 01-329119, Beirut, Lebanon and Gevry on Argonne, Bussy Ie Repot, P.O.Box 51330, Tel.: 03-2673501, Paris, France.

DAOUK (Walid), Lawyer. Born on Nov. 2, 1958 in Beirut. Son of Anis Daouk-Lawyer and Mrs. Nehmat Daouk. Married on Jan. 18,1992 to Miss Rolla Kassar, 2 children: Raida (Nov. 12,1992), Karine (Sept. 26,1994). Educ.: Lycée Franco-Libanais - International College -St. Joseph University - Beirut University College. Dipl.: Lebanese Law Degree - Masters in French Law Preparation of a Bachelor of Arts - Business Management. Career: Partner in Takla Trad Daouk Law Firm; Member of the Beirut Bar Association -1981; Commissionner of the Lebanese Government in the Beirut Stock Exchange 1994. Other Information: Director of various Companies. Sports: Skiing, swimming. Hobbies: Sports, Cultural Activities. Clubs: Member of the Lebanese Red Cross Central Committee, Auditor of the International Federation for University Sports. Credit Cards: American

DEBAHY (Elias, Joseph), General Manager - Trader. Born on 26 Dec. 1939 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Joseph Debahy (trader) and Mrs., née Honeine Naggear. Married in 1970 in Belgium to Marguerite Braet, 3 children: Valerie, Joseph, Axelle. Educ.: N.D. de Jamhour & Université St. Joseph - Beirut, Lebanon. Dipl.: Economical & Political Sciences. Career: 1963: Training at N.M. Debahy & Co. Beirut; 1965-72: Asst. Manager at N.M. Debahy & Co.; 1972: D.G.: Nicolas J. Debahy and Co. - Beirut, Allied Levant Lines Ltd. - Beirut, Partner and Associate in other several trading, Finance & Shipping Cos. Other Information: Honorary Consul General of 105

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the Union of Myanmar in Lebanon as from (1997-). Sports practised: Tennis, swimming, fitness. Hobby: Reading. Associations: Member of I.C.C. (International Chamber of Commerce). Credit Cards: American Express, Visa, Mastercard. Prof. Addr.: Consulate General of the Union of Myanmar, Charles de Gaule Av., Sin el-Fil, Debahy Center, P.O.Box 11-0346, Tel.: 01485370 up to 379, 03-209111, Fax: +961-1-502974, Email: [email protected] Priv. Addr.: Mountazah, Debahy Bldg., Tel.: 04-409173, Lebanon.

(USA). Prof. Addr.: Banque Audi (Suisse) S.A., 2, rue Massot, P.O.Box 384, 1211 Geneva 12, Tel.: 022/704.11.11. DEBBANE (Raphael), Chairman and CEO of Debbane Frères S.A.L., Businessman. Born on Oct. 29,1938 at Saida, South Lebanon. Son of Georges Debbane, Landowner & Producer and Mrs., née Mary Audi. Married to Joumana Ibrahim Saad in 1967, 3 daughters: Celine (1968), Carole (1972), Syma (1975). Educ.: Until 1952 at Collège des Frères Maristes, Saida, Lebanon; 1952-56 at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour (Jesuit Fathers), Lebanon: Baccalaureate; Various seminars in Europe and United States, in the Fields of Management, Commerce and Agriculture. Prof. & Pres. Act.: Chairman and CEO of Debbane Frères S.A.L.: Importers and Distributors of Agrochemicals, Seeds and Equipment, Manufacturers of Greenhouses and producer of Bananas under Greenhouses; Member of Board of Directors of Exotica SAL: Production and Commercialization of Horticultural Products and Landscaping Contracts; Member of Board of Directors of SODAP/Lebanon, Industrial and Commercial Company (Finishing products for construction) Associated with Lafarge-France; Member of Board of Directors of Pesco International SAL, an International Company of Services and Initiation of Industrial Projects in different Fields: Data Transmission, Telecommunications by Satellite Power Generation (Representatives of Ansaldo Group-Gie (Italy) in Lebanon); Managing Director of Debbane and Company, Syria: Importers and Distributors of Agrochemicals, Seeds and Fertilizers since 1976; Member of Board of Directors of Insulco, a Contracting Company for Industrial Insulation Associated with Group Martheler (Switzerland); Member of Board of Directors of BCL (Beton Chantiers du Liban) SAL: Producers of Ready Mix Concrete. Public Activities: Member of Board of Directors of Beirut Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and Agriculture; General Secretary of the Council of Lebanese-Syrian Businessmen; Member of Board of Directors of the National Lebanese Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce (CCI) - Beirut; Member of Board of Directors of National Funds of Social Security (CNSS) - Beirut; Member of the Board (and Previously President) of the Association of Importers and Distributors of Pesticides and Materials for Agriculture (Seeds, Equipment) in Lebanon (Asplante); Member and Founder of the Lebanese Businessmen Association (RDCL) -Beirut. Various: Honorary Consul of Italy in Saida and South Lebanon; Member of Rotary International (since 1965); Member of the Lebanese Association of the Order of Malta Knights; Member of the Board of Directors of the Lebanese-Canadian Businessmen. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 119666, Tel.: 09-211800, Fax: 09-211790, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

DEBAHY (Pierre), Treasurer of RDCL. Born in 1947 in Lebanon. Married, 3 children. Educ.: Engineer in Telecommunications, Diploma from Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications in Paris, France. Career: Since 1977 he managed his own Entreprise LIBATEL Sari which activity is the Entreprises of Study works, their execution, as well as advices in the field of Communications and Telecommunications. Member of RDCL since August 1989; Treasurer (2005-07). Prof.Addr.: LIBATEL Sari, Sin el Fil, Avenue Charles de Gaule, Debahy center, P.O.Box 11-0346 (Riad el Solh 1107 2030), Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: 01-485160/65, 03290290, Fax: 01-485172, E-mail: [email protected] DEBBANE (Etienne), Businessman. Born in 1947 in Saida, Lebanon. Son of Georges Debbane and Mrs. Mary née Audi. Married in 1971 in Beirut to Corinne Tabet, 2 children: Marc (June 1973), Henri (Feb. 1975). Educ.: College Notre-Dame de Jamhour, American University of Beirut, Reading University (U.K.). Dipl.: French and Lebanese Baccalauréat, Β.S. Agriculture -Agricultural Engineer, B.M.Sc. Crop Protection. Career: Technical Manager, société Debanne Frères (1972-78); Managing Director, Filclair Middle East (1978-82); President, Exotica S.A.L. (1978-to date). Work: President and General Manager of Exotica S.A.L. Sports: Tennis, ski, walking. Hobbies: Photography, wine tasting. Credit Cards: AX, Visa, Diner's. Prof. Addr.: Zouk Mikael, Tel.: 09-210023, 211315, Fax: 09-211365, Lebanon, and Exotica S.A.L., P.O.Box 11-9666, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Adonis, Tel.: 09-211860/62, 216069, Lebanon. DEBBANE (Joe, Alfred), Bank Manager. Born in 1940 in Beirut. Son of Alfred Debbane and Mrs., née Marie Aractingi. Married: in 1966 in Beirut to Miss Renée Hatem. 3 children: Marylene, Claudine and Fred. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: French State Doctorate in Economics, Degree in Law, French and Lebanese Licencíate. Career: Central Bank of Lebanon, trainee (1964-66); Economic Adviser to Banks and companies (1967-73); Economics Professor at St. Joseph University (1970-76); Manager, Infibank Beirut (1974-76); General Manager, Banque Audi (Suisse) (1977-99); Chairman of the Board as at Jan. 2000; Director and President of Executive Committee, Banque Audi (Luxembourg) SA; Director, Bank Audi

DEBBAS (Robert), Electrical Engineer. Born on Apr. 18, 1937, Beirut. Son of Cesar Debbas and Mrs Marie Kandalaft. Married to Viviane Aoude in 1969, 3 children:

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Ziad, Dina and Cherine. Educ.: International College; London Polytechnic. Dipl.: Electrical Engineer. Career: DEBBAS HOLDING, President. Other Information: Board member- Balamand University, Industry Institute, Future TV; Former Vice - President, Federation of Chambers of Commerce. Hobby: Sailing. Clubs and Associations: Aero Club of Lebanon - ATCL. Prof. Addr.: Comiche An-Nahr, Debbas Bldg, 3rd floor. Tel.: 01/584000; Fax: 01/445388, P.O.Box 11-0125, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Villa Debbas no. 22, Rabieh str. no. 12, Metn, Lebanon, Tel.: 04/405506. Email: [email protected].

Lion's club. Priv. Addr.: Adib Ishak Str., Boghossian Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel/Fax: 01-324770, Beirut, Lebanon. DEMIRDJIAN (Ago, N.), Merchant, industrialist, chairman and director of companies. Born 16 Dec. 1945 in Beirut. Son of Nichan Demirdjian (deceased) (former merchant and industrialist) and Mrs., née Nazelie Partogomian. Educ.: French Protestant College, International College, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Diploma in Business Administration. Career: Merchant, industrialist and director of companies. Sports: Ski and waterski. Member: Lebanese Federation of Water Ski. Prof. Addr.: Gefinor Centre, P.O.Box. 11-1216, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Clemenceau Str., Demirdjian Bldg., Tel.: 01-362119, Beirut, Lebanon.

DEBS (Michael, Nasser), Former deputy. Born in 1924 at Zahlé (Lebanon). Son of Nasser Debs. Married, 3 children. Career: Director of many companies, President of "Piccadilly", of "The Middle East Refrigeration Co."; Director of "Bank of Lebanon and the Middle East", of "Compagnie Immobilière Libanaise", Owner of "Debs Center" in Kaslik; Elected deputy for Zahlé (1960-64, 1968). Prof. Addr.: Kaslik, Debs Center, 10th floor, Tel.: 09-640010/012, 640883, Fax: 09-640483, Jounieh. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh, Tel.: 04-403467, 03-300787, Beirut, Lebanon.

DEMIRDJIAN (Agop, Yervant), Former Minister, former Deputy. Born on June 24, 1942. Son of Yervant Demirdjian. Married to Miss Viviane Anazia, 2 children: Raffi, Marc. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Civil Engineering (1966), M.A. in Economics from Stanford University (U.S.A.). Career: Worked at the Research Economic Section, A.U.B. (1967); Lecturer at the Faculty of Business Administration, A.U.B. (1968) and at the Faculty of Engineering (1971-76); Professor of Economics, A.U.B. (1985-90); Member of the Council for Development and Reconstruction; Minister of Economy and Trade (1992-May 1995); Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs (May 1995-Dec. 1998), Elected Deputy (1996-2000). Addr.: P.O.Box 11-513, Tel.: 03-316816, Beirut, Lebanon.

DEDEYAN (Abraham), Former Member of Parliament. Born on Oct. 28, 1939 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Mary Wadih Yakhour, 4 children. Educ.: Primary, Evangelical School, Secondary Armenian Evangelical School at Ashrafieh, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.S. (Civil Engineering), American University of Beirut (1961). Career: Member of the Lebanese Order of Engineers; Supervised in Syria the construction of the building of the Syrian Television, and the Central Bank and "Régie Warehouses" (1961-65); Established a contracting company in Qatar and participated in establishing the Lebanese School in Qatar in addition to execution of some development projects in U.S.A., Syria, South of Spain and Lebanon. Member of the Lebanese Community Committee until 1991 in Qatar; In 1993 Established Dedeyan Development CO. S.A.R.L. in Lebanon; Elected Deputy (1996-2000). Addr.: Dedeyan Development Co. sari, Bourj Hammoud, Dedeyan Bldg., 10th floor, P.O.Box 60-235 (Jal el-Dib), Tel.: 01-260790, Fax: 01-260758, Beirut, Lebanon.

DEMIRDJIAN (Nourijian, Ohannes), former Deputy. Born in 1952 in Beirut. Son of Ohannes Demirdjian. Married to Miss Hasmig Sahakian (Musicologist), 2 children: one son and one daughter. Educ.: American University of Beirut (AUB), Erevan University in Armenia. Dipl.: M.D., Specialization in Radiology and Echo-graphy-Scanner. Career: Surgeon, Medical Officer in the Lebanese Army (1983); Chief of Department of Radiology at the Military Hospital (1991); Elected Deputy of Beirut (1992-96). Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, face Hôpital Geitawi, Laboratoires St. Marc, 1st floor, Tel.: 03-724888. Priv. Addr.: 01-887338, Beirut, Lebanon.

DEMIAN (Jean), Former diplomat. Born in 1926 at Lattakieh (Syria). Married to Miss Tatiana Boustani, 3 dauthters: Leila, Mouna and Nada. Educ.: Secondary and higher in Paris. Dipl.: Bachelor of philosophy, diploma of psychoanalysis (Paris). Career: former professor at the School of Oriental Languages of Paris, former editor "Lissan ul-Hal" Arabic language newspaper, lecturer at Lebanese University (1963), Oriental secretary at the French Embassy of Beirut ( 1966), Economic Attaché at the Lebanese Embassy in Washington (1972-76), Attaché to the U.N. Headquarters in New-York (1977). Member:

DER BEDROSSIAN (Arisdakes, Bedros), Engineer. Born 18 Mar. 1923 (Beirut). Son of Bedros Der Bedrossian (Ecclesiastic). Married to Miss Nelly Bustros, one daughter: Diana. Educ.: A.U.B. Dipl.: French Baccalauréat, B.A. in Engineering from A.U.B. (1949), Β.Sc. in Civil Architecture (1951). Career: Supervising Asseily building in Mr. Araman's office (1950-52), Capitol Hotel in the same office, Asseily factory (1953-54), Design and Supervision Hotel Commodore (1955-57), Design and Supervision projects

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in Teheran (1958-59), Design, Supervision and Contracting (1960-64); Apt. house for Mr. Chamat; 2 Apt. houses for Mr. G. Ohanian; P.T.T. in Bhamdoun for Public Works; Middle East Research Center for Gulbenkian Foundation; Water Reservoir 1500 cu.m. Mahdessian Building; Plastic factory of Egavian; Villas, Banks, Restaurants, Department stores, Chief Engineer in Public Works (Direction des bâtiments, 75 million project), Supervision and project studies of professional schools, P.T.T. building, serials and all government buildings all over Lebanon. Hobby: Classical music. Sports: Swimming. Prof. Addr.: Public Works (Plan Quinquennal), Mazraa Coniche, Tel.: 01-300053, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Hamra Str., Asseily Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

(Bachelor equivalent or B.A.) in Natural Sciences (Lebanese University); 1976 Indepth study diploma in Mediterranean Ecology-Major in Zooecology (at the faculty of sciences and techniques of St. Jerome, University of Aix-Marseilles III, France; 1978 third Cycle doctorate in Zooecology-Hydrobiology (Faculty of Sciences and techniques, St. Jerome, University of AixMarseilles III, France; 1983 State Doctorate (equivalent to Ph.D.) in Zooecology-Hydrobiology (Faculty of sciences and techniques, St. Jerome, University of Aix-Marseilles III, France. Prof.: Since 1978, Professor of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences (L.U.); Since 1979 Researcher at the Research Lebanese Scientific Center. Consultancy: Analysis of drinking water in Lebanon; National Lebanese Council for Sc. Research; Ecological Expert in U.N.D.P. (East Asia); Ecological Expert in U.N.E.P. (Biological Biodiversity). University Titles: (1974-76): Instructor in the Laboratories of Natural Sciences (LU); (1978-82): Assistant professor, department of Natural Sciences (Lebanese University) (LU); (1983-87): Associate professor, department of Natural Sciences (LU); Since Feb. 1988, Professor, department of Natural Sciences (LU); (1996-97): Chairman of the department of Natural Sciences (LU); (1997-2001): Dean of School, or Faculty of Pharmacy (LU). Research: Since 1979, Environmental Specialist of Lebanon and the Mediterranean (Inland Water). Teaching and Related Experience: (1974-76): Instructor in the Laboratories of Natural Sciences (LU); (1978-79): Teaching of Human Physiology (LU), General Biology (Practical Cytology and Histology), General Zoology (Practical); (1979-82): General Biology (Practical, Cytology and Histology, and Invertebrates); (1980-82): Animal Biology (St. Joseph University) Teaching; (1983-87): Teaching Cytology, Histology, General Physiology, General Zoology and Ecology; (198589): Teaching Cytology, Histology, General Zoology, Comparative anatomy of vertebrates, Teaching laboratory work and Bibliography, for the 1st year medical student at the faculty of medicine (L.U.), Teaching Cytology, Histology, Zoology, Genetics, Embryology; (1987-88): General Zoology (Faculty of Agriculture, L.U.); (198889): Teaching Histology, General Physiology, Intervebrate, Ecology; (1989-90): General Ecology, Animal Ecology, Environment and Pollution, Intervebrates; (1990-97): General Ecology and Applied Ecology; (Since 1990): Ecology; (Since 1992): Participation at 20 conferences, Seminars in Continental Hydrobiology (France, Lebanon). Training Periods, In and Outside Lebanon: (1980): One month in Amsterdam (Entomology Laboratory); (1981): One month in Toulouse-France (Hydrobiology Laboratory); (1982-83): 12 months at Toulouse-Marseille (Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory) France; (1987): One month Toulouse-Marseille (Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory); (1992): One month at the Faculty of Engineering (L.U.) Theme (Treatment of waste of used water) Lebanon; (1993): two months Toulouse-Marseille

DERBAS (Rachid Toufic), Lawyer, former President Tripoli Bar Association. Born in 1941, Lebanon. Married to Hiba Sayed, 3 children: Toufic (Engineer), Roula (Lawyer) and Rawa. Educ.: Primary and Secondary: National Orthodox Faculty (Mar Elias) Mina, Tripoli. Universities: LLB, Cairo University (1966); Lebanese Law, St. Joseph University (1967). Career: Joined the Bar Association (1967) and training in the Office of (late Rachid Karame) and in the Office of Me Omar Miskawi; Elected President of Tripoli Bar Association (Nov. 19982003). Addr.: Tripoli Bar Association, Fax: 06-434300, Tripoli, Lebanon. Office: Tel.: 06-431414, 434111, Tripoli, Lebanon. DE SICHASS (Edwardo Augusto), Ambassador of Brazil to Lebanon. Born in 1954. Educ.: Licence in Economic Sciences. Career: Director of P.T.T Department (1994); Coordinator at the Protocol Directorate at the Presidency of the Republic (1995); General Consul of Brazil in Paris (1995);General Consul of Brazil to Toronto (Canada) (2000); Ambassador of Brazil to Lebanon (2006to date). Addr.: Embassy of Brazil, Baabda, Antonins Str., (Str. Ν.70), Dr. Amine Helou Bldg., P.O.Box 40242 (Baabda), Tel.: 05-921255, Fax: 05-923001, Baabda, Lebanon. DIA (Aref), Professor of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences (L.U.), Researcher at the Research Lebanese Scientific Center. Born on Dec. 17, 1948 in Beirut. Son of Ali Dia and Mrs. Zeinab Dia. Married on June 1981 in Beirut, 3 children: Wissam (1.4.1982), Manal (12.3.1984), Alaa (30.5.1993). Dipl.: 1969 Baccalaureate, 1st part, Scientific Section, Baccalaureate, 1st part, Literature Section, Equivalent to High school diploma part I; 1970 Baccalaureate, 2nd part, Mathematics Section, Equivalent to High school diploma part II; 1971 1st year Geography (Arabic University, Beirut), Teaching diploma for primary school (At school "Normal" for primary teaching); 1974 Teaching diploma for secondary school (at the school "Normal" for professor of teaching secondary school. This was supervised by French Experts), Teaching Licence

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(Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory) France; (1996): Two months, Toulouse-Marseille (Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory), Also, Paris (National Natural History Museum Laboratory of Malacology); (1999): One week Paris (National Natural History Museum Laboratory of Malacology ) and Toulouse (Laboratory of Hydrobiology); (2000): One week Paris (National Natural History Museum Laboratory of Malacology) and Toulouse (Laboratory of Hydrobiology); (2001): One week Paris (National Natural History Museum Laboratory of Malacology) and Toulouse (Laboratory of Hydrobiology); (2003): One month Paris (National Natural History Museum Laboratory of Malacology) and Toulouse (LabLADYBlO). Publications and theses: 1. Dia, A, (1978): Etude écologique et essai de zonation d'une rivière cotière méditerranéenne 1'Argens, thèse 3ème cycle, Aix Marseille III, 155 P. 2. Giudicelli, J, Dia Α., et Legier, P., (1980): Etude hydro-biologique d'une rivière de région méditerranéenne, L'Argens (Var, France). Habitats, Hydrochimie, Distribution de la faune benthique. Bijdr, Dierk., 50 (2): 303-341; 3. Dia, A, et Botosaneanu, L., (1980): Une Stacto-bia nouvelle du Liban (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae), ses stades aquatiques et leurs constructions. Bijdr, Dierk., 50 (2):369-374; 4. Berthelemy, C, et Dia, Α., (1982): Plecoptères du Liban (Insecta), Annls Limnol 18 (2): 191-214; 5. Dia, Α., et Botosaneanu, L, (1982): Un cas de Gynandromorphisme chez un Trichoptère hydroptilide du Liban (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). En-torn. Berich., Deel 42: 140-141; 6. Dia, Α., et Theowald, Br., (1982): Típula (Vestiplex) relicta nov.spec (Diptera, Tipulidae) Ein frtihpleistozänes Reliktaus Libanon. Bull.Zool.Mus.Nederel. 9(4):21-24; 7. Giani, Ν., Martinez - Ansemil, E., Moubayed, Ζ , et Dia, A, (1982): Les Oligochètes aquatiques du Liban I. Neoaulodrilus libanus n.g. n.sp. et Nais iorensis Patarridze. Annls Limnol. 18(2): 179-190; 8. Thomas, A . G . B , et Dia, A , (1982): Ecdyonurus (?) znojkoi Tshemova (1938): redescription et appartenance générique réelle (Ephemereptera, Heptageniidae) Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse, 118 (l-4):297-303; 9. Thomas, A.G.B, et Dia, A , (1982): Les Antocha (imagos) du sud du Liban (Diptera, Limoniidae) Annls L i m n o l , 18(3):319-326; 10. Dia, A , et Botosaneanu, L , (1983): six espèces nouvelles de Trichoptères du Liban (Insecta: Trichoptera). Bull. Zool. M u s , Nederl. 9(14):125-135; 11. Dia, A , (1983): Recherches sur l'écologie et la biogéographie des cours d'eau du Liban méridional. Thèse sciences Aix Marseille III, 302 ρ; 12. Thomas, et Dia, A , (1983): Baetis Bisri n.sp. Ephemeroptères nouveau du Liban (Baetidae). Annls L i m n o l , 19(3): 213-217; 13. Thomas, A . G . B , et Dia, A , (1984): Baetis baroukianus n.sp. Ephéméroptère nouveau du Liban (Baetidae). Bull. Soc. Hist, nat., Toulouse, 120(1): 7-12; 14. Dia, A , et Henry, J.P, (1984): Nouvelles données sur les Asellides du Liban (Crustacea Isopoda). Annls Limnol, 20(3): 193-198; 15. Thomas, A . G . B , et Dia, A , (1985): Baetis spei n. sp Ephéméroptère nouveau

du Liban: description et écologie (Baetidae). Annls L i m n o l , 21(3): 241-245; 16. Giudicelli, J , Dakki, M , et Dia, A:, (1985): Caractéristiques abiotiques et hydrobiologiques des courantes méditerranéennes. Verhintemat. Verem. Limnol. 22: 2094-2101; 17. Giudicelli, J , and Dia, A , (1986): Contribution to the knowledge of Black-Fly Fauna (Diptera, Simuliidae) of Lebanon, with Description of a New Species and Elogical Comments. Aquatic Insects, 8 (3); 123-139; 18. Thomas, A.G. B , Dia, A , et Moubayed, Z , (1988): Complements et rectifications à la faune des Ephéméroptères du ProcheOrient: 1. Prosopis toma phoenicium Alouf, 1977 - P. oronti Alouf, 1977 nou. syn. (Ephéméroptère) Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Toulouse, 124.23; 19. Dia, A , et Houdayri, J, (1990): Etude écologique préliminaire d ' u n e vasque d'émergence de sources Aiyoun Mahrougha - Wadi elChat, Fezzan, Desert Libyen. Premier Congrès des Sc.écol.Sebha.Jamahiriya-14 pages (in arabic); 20. Dia, A , (1992): Impact des polutions organiques sur un cours d'eau de Jezzine (Nahr Aaray). Séminaire sur l'état actuel des eaux au Liban. (27-28 Nov.) Unicef: 199-211 (in arabic); 21. Gagneur J. Thomas, A. et Dia. A , (1992): Distribution and ecology of lotie Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in the circum-mediterranean area. 4th meeting North American Benthological Society Louisville Kentucky U.S.A. 9(1): 156 (abstract n.326); 22. Dia, A , et Jach, M , (1992): Ecologie notes en running water ochthebius from southern Lebanon, with description of a new species (Insecta: Coleoptera Hydraenidae). Linzer biologische Beitrage 24/2: 923-930; 23. Dia, A , (1993): Cycle des principaux paramètres physico-chimiques de deux rivières libanaises (Oronte et Yahfoûfa). Bulletin Scientifique Libanais 6(1): 47-59; 24. Moubayed, J , et Dia, A , (1993): Les chironomidae de deux rivières côtières du Liban meridional: Le Damour et l'Awwali (Diptera, chironomidae) Entomofauna 14(14):269-276; 25. Dia, A , (1994): Cycle des principaux paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux du bassin inférieur du Litani (Littoral Sud du Liban). Bulletin Scientifique Libanais 7(1): 11-25; 26. Dia, A , (1995): la pollution organique de la source Mâtariyet ech-Choûmar (Kasmiye). Ecologie du Liban: état actuel et perspectives - Le Mouvement Culturel Antelias, Couvent Mar-Elias: 43-50 (in arabic); 27. Dia, A , (1995): Hydrobiology of Lebanon: Impact of human activities on the benthic communities of the Litani and Awwali rivers. Proceeding of the Third In. Conf. Computer Methods and Water Resources (CMWR 95). Computational Mechanics Publications (Ed.), Southampton P. 283-291; 28. Dia, A , (1995): The Effect of pollution on the ecological balance in the Litani river. The Amwaj for Environment Association with the Lebanese Association for the protect Environment First Conf. in the South Lebanon-Masseilha: 103-113 (in arabic); 29. Dia, A , (1996): Etude de la diversité biologique du Liban: Faune aquatique (Invértebrés). PNUE et Ministère d'Agriculture (Liban), Projet GF/6105-92-72,68p: Etude de la diversité

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Aouali. 7ème réunion de l'Association Libanaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences; 2- Dia Α., Thomas A. et Berthelemy C. (1990): Sur la répartition et l'écologie des Ephéméroptères et des Coléoptères Elmidae du Liban méridional. 5ème congrès international sur la zoogéographie et l'écologie de la Grèce et des régions adjacentes; 3- Dia Α., et Houdayri J., (1990): Etude écologique préliminaire d'une vasque d'émergence de sources Aiyoun Mahrougha -Wadi el-Chat, Fezzan, desert Libyen. Premier Congrès des SC.ecol.Sebha Jamahiriya; 4- DiaA., (1993): Hydrobiologie du Liban: (Conséquences des années de guerre sur la qualité des eaux. Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse (Museum); 5- Dia Α., (1994): La pollution organique de la source Mâtariyet echChoumar (Kasimiye) - Le Mouvement Culturel Antelias Couvent Mar-Elias, 7 Mai; 6- Dia Α., (1994): Hydrobiologie de Liban: II - Conséquences des années de guerre sur la qualité des eaux du Litani et de l'Aouali. Conférence sur la recherche scientifique et les problèmes de l'environment au Liban. C.N.R.S. Libanais et Fac. des sciences U.L. Beyrouth 12 Mai; 7- Dia Α., (1995): Hydrobiologie du Liban: III - Qualité des eaux douces. 1Cycle des principaux paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux du bassin inférieur du Litani. 2- Ecologie du bassin supérieur du Nahr Ibrahim. Séminaires sur les projets de recherche, C.N.R.S. Libanais 26 Janvier, AUB, Beyrouth; 8- DiaA., (1995): Impact de la pollution sur le cours d'eau du Litani, Mseileh, Sud du Liban 7p. (in arabic); 9- DiaA., (1995): Impact des pollutions organiques sur un cours d'eau de Jabboulé (Bassin supérieur du Nahr el-AssiOronte). Séminaire sur la recherche scientifique et l'eau, C.N.R.S.L. et Friedrich Ebert, Beyrouth 29 et 30 Juin; 10Dia Α., (1995-96): Biodiversité au Liban: Faune aquatique (Invertébrés) UNEP et Ministère de l'Agriculture 6 et 7 Décembre 1995 Hôtel Beit-Mery et 31 Juillet 1996 Hôtel Bristol, Beyrouth; 11- DiaA., (1996): Etude écologique de la rivière Quadicha-Abou Ali "3ème séminaire sur les projets de recherche" CNRS Libanaise, 4 Juillet, AUB, Beyrouth; 12- Dia Α., (1996): Hydrobiology, les sources du Liban; Ecologie. Conférence 10 Octobre, Centre Culturel Français, Beyrouth; 13- Dia Α., (1996): The Effect of pollution on the ecological balance in the Litani river. Seminar on environmental legislation management and research of water on fied of water pollution Uniso Chair for Environmental Protection and al-Baath University, Horns 20 Oct., Syrian Arab Republic; 14-Dia Α., (1997): Pour une éducation relative a l'environnement au Liban (Enseignement Supérieur) Salle Hassane Daouk, Beyrouth, 5 pages; 15- D i a A . , (1997): Séminaire IV sur "les projets de recherche" C.N.R.S. Libanais, AUB, 26 Juin, Beyrouth (Etude écologique du bassin supérieur de la rivière el-Bared); 16- Dia Α., (1997): Séminaire sur "la polution industrielle des eaux courantes du Liban" Faculté d'Information et de documentation U.L., 1ère section, 13 mat; 17- DiaA., (1998): Composantes chimiques des eaux courantes proposition de classes en tant que bases

biologique du Liban 6. faune et flore aquatiques in. Rep. Lib.Minis.Agri. et PNUE pl-65, Beyrouth - Rapport de synthèse 9. la flore et la faune d'eau douce in Etude de la diversité biologique du Liban. Rep. Lib. Minis. Agri, et PNUE, chapitre 7: 141-156, Beyrouth; 30. Malicky, H., & Dia, Α., (1997): Neue Kocherfliegen aux dem Libanon (Trichoptera Limnephilidae, Phryganeidae). Entomol.Z., 107(2): 60-63; 31. Dia, Α., (1997): Synthèse sur l'endémisme et la faune des macroinvertébrés lotiques au Liban. Bulletin Scientifique Libanais 10(1) P21-59; 32. Dia, Α., (1998): Recherches sur l'écologie du bassin inférieur de la rivière Litani - Nahr el-Kasmiye (Littoral Sud) Bull. Se. Libanais ll(l):3-43; 33. Virginie, M., Dia, Α., et Thomas, Α., (1999): Compléments et corrections à la faune des Ephémeroptères du Proche-Orient: 3, Serratella bauernfeindi n.sp. du Liban: description comparativement a S. mesoleuca (Brauer, 1857) et écologie (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae), Ephemera 1(2): 93-103; 34. Thomas, Α., et Dia, Α., (1999): Compléments et corrections à la faune des Ephéméroptères du Proche-Orient. 4. Description de l'image mâle de Baetis baroukianus Thomas & Dia, 1984 et érection de Patites. n. subgen. (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), Ephemera 1(2): 105-109; 35. Dia, Α., (2000): Hydrobiology of Lebanon: The impact of human activities on the benthic community of the Aaray stream (a tributary of the Awwali river). Proceeding of the Fourth In. Conf. Computer Methods and Water Resources (CMWRIV) Witpress (Ed.), Southampton P. 289-300; 36. Virginie, M. Dia, Α., et Thomas, Α., (2000): Compléments et corrections à la faune des Ephéméroptères du ProcheOrient. 4 Caenis carloi n.sp. du Liban: description et écologie (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) Ephemera 2(1): 1523; 37. Sivec, I. et Dia, Α., (2001): Isoperla berthelemy and Protonemura Phoenicia spp. n., two new species of stoneflies from Lebanon (Insecta: Plecoptera) Ephemera 3(1): 43-51; 38. Dia, Α., et Thomas, Α. (2002): Assessing Water Quality In Lebanon: A sensitive Biotic Index Based on the Specific Communities of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera (SEPL). North American Benthological Society 50th annual meeting U.S.A (in Peittsburg, Pennsylvania). Abstract; 39. Dia, Α., et Thomas, Α., (2003): Etude écologique de la rivière Oronte = (Nahr el-Assi) (Liban intérieur, Bekaa Nord) Ephemera: (in press); 40. Dia, Α., Etude écologique de la rivière (Nahr) Ibrahim (Liban Centre) (in preparation); 41. Dia, Α., Etude écologique de la rivière (Nahr) Abou Aali- Qadicha (Liban Nord) (in preparation); 42. Dia, Α., Etude écologique de la rivière (Nahr) el-Bared (Liban Nord) (in preparation); 43. Dia, Α., Recherches sur l'écologie du bassin versant de la rivière (Nahr) Oustouane (Liban Nord) (in preparation); 44. Dia, Α., Recherches sur l'écologie des trois cours d'eau: (Nahr) el-Jaouz, (Nahr) Aarqa (Liban Nord) et (Nahr) Hasbani (Liban intérieur-Sud) (in preparation). Communications: 1- Dia Α., (1981): Recherches sur la systématique et l'organisation des communautés benthiques de deux réseaux hydrographiques: Nahr ed Damour et Nahr el110

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d'interpretation des analyses chimiques et de seuils de pollution. Le premier colloque Franco-Libanais sur l ' E a u et la Santé, 15-17 Octobre; 18- Dia A , (2000): Séminaire sur l'étude écologique de certains réseaux hydrographiques du Liban: Nahr el-Bared et Nahr Oustouane (Liban-Nord) 14th Science Meeting. National Council for Scientific Research and The Lebanese Association for the Advancement of Sciences, AUB, 23-25 Nov.; 19- Dia Α., (2001): The sources pollution of Lebanese river estuaries include waste water and domestic. Organic pollution deteriorates the physico-chimical quality of water as well as the benthic community in the estuary. This seminar was part of "The save the Lebanese Coastline" workshop, organized by the Amwaj for Environment Association with the United Nations Environment Project UNEP-MAP and The Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Annerite -Zahrani- South Lebanon; 20- Dia Α., (2001): "Environment Protection" This seminar was about the impact of human activities in Lebanese Springs. It also talked about the Role of scouts in "The Save The Lebanese Springs" organized by The Amwaj for Environment with The Scouts and The Federation Lebanese Scout. ZiftahNabatiye, South Lebanon.SIVEC, I.& Α., DIA, 2001Isoperla berthelemyi and Protonemura phoenicia spp. n., two new species of stoneflies from Lebanon (Insecta: Plecoptera) Ephemera 3(1): 43-51. DIA,Α., A.THOMAS & V., MARIE, 2002-Assessing water quality in Lebanon: a senitive biotic index based on the specific communities of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera(SEPL). North American Benthological Society: 50th annual meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Abstract no. 413 in Bulletin of the NABS, 19 (1): 277-278. DIA, Α., & A. THOMAS.2005- Sur la répartition et l'écologie des Ephéméroptères et des Coléoptères Elmidae du Liban méridional (Ephemeroptera & Coleoptera). Ephemera. 2003,5(2): 95-109. DIA, A.Recherche sur les peuplements de macroinvértébrés des cours d'eau du: Liban méridional (Aouali et Damour). Analyse biocénotique et essai de biotypologie. Ecologia medi.CSous presse).Sport: Running. Hobbies: Hiking, reading. Prof. Addr.: Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Department of Natural Sciences, Hadath, Beirut, Tel.: +961-5-460313 ext: 384, Fax: +961-5461496, Tel.: +961-1-366910 (dom.), +961-3-734215, Email.: [email protected] and National Council for Scientific Research, P.O.Box 11-8281 Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: +961-1-840260, Fax: +961-1-822639, Email:[email protected], Lebanon.

North Lebanon, North Lebanon Penal Court counsellor, Director and then President of the Institute of Judicial Studies. Military Committing Magistrate, President of the Private Banks Court; Professor of Civil Law at the Faculty of Law - Lebanese University; Professor of Civil Law at the High Studies Department - Beirut Arab University; Member of the superior Committee of Administrative Reform; Minister of Finance (1992). Rector, Lebanese University (1993-2001); Appointed Minister of Social Affairs (2001-2004). Pubi: Author of Several articles. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. DIAB (Selim Abdel Rahim), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1947 in Beirut. Married to Yeldiz Mohamed Selim Zaki, 3 children: Abdel-Rahim, Karim, Saif. Educ.: B.A. in Management Sciences, Haigazian University, Beirut. Career: Member of the Board of Trustees in Al Makassed Islamic Benevolent Society, Beirut; Member of the Board in several Industrial and Commercial Companies; Chairman General Manager of Ets. Abdel Rahim Diab S.A.L.; and Member in other commercial and industrial companies; Chairman of the Board of al-Ansar Sports Club; Elected Deputy (19962000). Addr.: Ets. Abdel Rahim Diab S.A.L., Tel.: 01868146/47, 254294/96, P.O.Box 11-663 Beirut, Lebanon. DIAB (Wajdi), Industrialist. B o m on 3 Dec. 1950 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Ibrahim Diab-Industrialist and Mrs., née Yvette Baddoura. Married on 29 Sept. 1979 in Beirut to Miss Dominique Nassif, 4 daughters: Kathleen (1983), Danielle (1985), Nathalie (1986), Laura (1993). Educ.: College des Jesuites - Jamhour, Université St. Joseph (USJ). Dipl.: Bachelor Economical Sciences. Career: Co-owner and General Manager of Diapaper S.A.L. Sports: Ski & Tennis. Clubs: ATCL, Yarze Country Club, Faqra Club. Prof. Addr.: Mkalles, Diab Bldg., P.O.Box 16-6792, Tel.: 01-683004/6, Fax: 01691060, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Naccache, Nassif Bldg., Tel.: 04-403155, 416074, 03-275474, Lebanon. DIAR-BEKIRIAN (Hrair), also known as Hrair, Artist. Born in 1943 in Beirut. Son of Missak DiarBekirian and Mrs., née Maritza Vartanian. Educ.: French Lycée; Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts (A.L.B.A.). Dipl.: Higher education fine arts and interior architecture. Career: International Artist. Expositions: In Beirut: Gallery One (1961), Museum Sursock (1961), and (1964), Gallery One (1962), Galerie L'Amateur (1964), (1967), Jadis Gallery (1970), Boutros Gallery (1973), I.D. Gallery (1974), Galerie Epreuve d'Artiste (1986) and (1988); In Greece at Athens and Mykonos (1962); In Paris: Gerard Mourgues Gallery (1964), Turzi Gallery (1973), (1977), and (1981). In Brezil: Minas Gerias Gallery, Sao Paulo (1968), Bonino Gallery, Rio de Janeiro (1968), Bonino Gallery, Buenos Aires (1969), Cheslea Gallery, Sao Paulo (1972), Bonino Gallery, Rio de Janeiro (1979), Chel-sea

DIAB (Assaad), Former Minister. Born in Chmestar, 1938. Married to Miss Najat Nasser, 3 children: Hicham (dentist), Hussam (diplomat) and Karim. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanese University. Dipl.: LL.B. (1962), Ph.D. (1972), Diploma from the Institute of Judicial Studies. Career: Judge since 1964; Member of the Trade Court (Beirut), Member of the High Court, Single Judge of Batroun Court, President of the Primary Court in 111

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Gallery, Sao paulo (1983); In Saudi Arabia: Hotel Zahrat al Chark, Riyadh (an exposition organised by "Youth Welfare") (1975), Hotel Kandara, Jeddah (1976), Hotel Intercontinental, Riyadh (1978) and (1982), Pan Arab Gallery, Jeddah (1982), Redec Plaza Gallery, Jeddah (1984), Rochan Gallery, Jeddah (1985), Zagrafa Gallery, Riyadh (1985), House of Arab Art, Jeddah (1986), Galerie Pan Arabe, (1988); In London at Cateby's Gallery (1964); In USA: Findlay Gallery New York (1966), Bonino Gallery, New York (1970), Miryam Gallery, Washigton (1989); In Cannes: Gray d'Albion, Cannes (1987). A number of his paintings have been bought by Queen Elizabeth, King Hussain of Jordan, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, King Khaled of Saudi Arabia, Prince Rainier of Monaco, Jacqueline Kennedy, etc. Medal: Gold Medal at the Biennale of Sao Paulo (1967); First Prize of painting at Sursock Museum, Beirut. Sports: Swimming, dancing. Hobby: Antiquity collecting. Prof. Addr.: Ramlet elBaida, Thomas Edisson Str., Nadim Atallah Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-866624, 03-220915/16, and Ashrafleh, Sioufi, Amine Gemayel Str., Emile Sfeir Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-398806, Beirut, Lebanon.

Reconstruction plan, of Information and P.T.T. Prof. Addr.: Municipality of Deir el-Kamar, Lebanon. DIB (Roger, Joseph), Management consultant "nd exminister of state (Mar. 91-July 92). Born in 1951 in Lebanon. Son of Joseph Dib (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Marguerite el-Khazen. Married in 1978 to Miss Joan Khayat, 3 children. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Bachelor in Engineering; MBA. in Business Administration. Career: Dar al-Handasah (1973-76); McKinsey & Company - London, Paris and USA (197783); Managing Director of Near East Consulting Group, Beirut (since 1983). Sport: Tennis. Hobbies: Reading, opera. Member: Insead Alumni. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa Card and Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Near East Consulting Group, P.O.Box 165209, Tel.: 01-422690/1/2, Fax: 01-422561, Beirut Priv. Addr.: Homsi Bldg., Allée des Pins Str., Mtaileb, Metn, Tel.: 04910999, Lebanon. DIMECHKIE (Nadim, Badr), Former diplomat. Born on 5th Dec. 1919 in Beirut. Son of Badr Dimechkie and Mrs., née Julia Tohme. Married in 1946 to Miss Margaret Sherlock, 2 children: Riad and Ramez. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A., M.A. (Economics). Career: Director-General, Ministry of National Economy (1943-44); Counsellor, Lebanese Embassy in London (1944-49); Lebanese Consul-General in Ottawa (Canada) (1949-50); Director of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1951); Minister Plenipotentiary and Lebanese Chargé d'Affaires in Cairo (1952-55); in Switzerland (1955-57); in Switzerland (1955-57); Lebanese Ambassador in Washington (195862); Returned to Ministry of Foreign Affairs as Director of the Department of Economic Affairs (1962- Apr. 1966), Lebanese Ambassador in London (May 1966); Lebanese Ambassador on mission, Central Administration. Act. & Pubi.: Delegate to UNO (1946-50-57) and from (195874) to the International Conference on Trade and Labour (London, 1947), to UNESCO preparatory conference (London, 1948), to the International Wheat Conference (Paris, 1948), to the International Aviation Conference (Montreal, 1950), Chaired the XVIII th Session of the League of Arab States (Cairo, 1954), Lebanese delegate to the International Conference on Trade and Development (Geneva, 1964), Member: of the Lebanese delegation to the Arab Summit (Algiers, 1973), member of the Lebanese delegation to the Arab Summit (Rabat, 1974). Awards: Commdr., National Order dof Cedar; Palestine Military Medal; Syrian Merit Medal; Grand Officer, Ismail Order (Arab Republic of Egypt); Grand Cordon of Merit (Haiti); Grand Cordon, Bright Star (China), Grand Cordon of the Order of Phoenix (Greece), and Grand Cordon of Merit (Tunisia). Sports: Swimming and tennis. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

DIB-HAJJ (Jean), Consultant, Trainer and Administrator. Born in Oct. 1958 in Deir Mimas, Lebanon. Son of Daoud Dib-Hajj (Head Teacher, now retired) and Mrs. Rogina, née Jarawan. Married to Ghada Antoun, Executive Officer for Financial Aid at AUB. Has two Children, Wael and Yara. Ëduc.: Ashrafieh Public Secondary School; Lebanese University, Faculty of Business Administration II. Dipl.: B.B.A. in General Management and Marketing. Career: Managing Director of the International Management Training institute (a division of YMCA/Lebanon until 2005-currently a civil company) since 1990; Freelance Consultant specialized in development activities in particular, Project Planning, Management and Evaluation; (1987-90); Project Officer at USAID (1986-88); Administrative Manager, Zakhem Engineers S.A.L (1982-86); Member of the Board of CARITAS, Lebanon (1987-90); Member of the General Council of Beirut and Jbeil Greek Catholic Archbishopric (1988). Sports: Swimming and table tennis. Prof. Addr.: Jeita, Baroud Center, facing "La Boule"restaurant, 1st floor, P.O.Box 55570 Sin el-Fil, Beirut, Tel./Fax: 09236125/7, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Sin el-Fil, Horch Tabet, Nazem Faddoul Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-484433,03-395806, Beirut, Lebanon. DIB NEHME (Georges), Former Deputy. Born in Deir el-Kamar, 1932. Son of Nehme Youssef Dib. Educ.: Frères Maristes, Frères Jesuites (Beirut); St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: President of the Municipality of Deir el-Kamar (since 1963); Elected Deputy (1992-2005); Former Member of the Parliamentary Commissions of Development and 112

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DJEREJIAN (Yeghia, Dr.), Member of Parliament, M.D. Born in 1957 in Beirut. Married to Houry Batabatian. Educ.: Primary: Nazarian School, Secondary: Manoukian-Hovakimian School (1975), Faculty of Dentistry, Yerevan University, Armenia (1976-84). Career: Dentist since 1984; Joined "Homenmen Sports Association" (1966); "General Armenian Benevolent Society" (1969); "Dakhrouni Association" (1973); Member of the Executive Committee in Hanchag Party; Member of the Editorial Board of "Ararat Daily News" (1991) and later President; In 1995 elected Member of the Central Committee of the Party; Elected Deputy (1992, reelected in 1996 and reelected in 2000-). Pubi.: Author of several publications. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

of Engineers Association of Tripoli (1962,1966 and 1991), elected vice-president of Arab Engineers Association (1966), former vice-president of Municipal Council of Mina (Tripoli). Member: Board of Directors of Reconstruction Office. Prof. Addr.: Azmi Str., Hussein Heloui Bldg., P.O.Box 602, Tel.: 06-432535, Tripoli (North Lebanon). Priv. Addr.: St. Maron Str., Doumani Bldg., Tel.: 06-433122, Tripoli, Lebanon DOUMANI (Maurice, Constantin), Hotelier. Born in 1916 in Tripoli (Lebanon). Son of Constantin Doumani and Mrs., née Rose Habib. Married in 1952 to Miss Henriette Saroufim, 3 children: Costa, Sami and Fadl. Educ.: Law and Catering. Career: Deputy-Director Bristol Hotel of Beirut, Director Jiddah Palace Hotel, Director Shepherd's Hotel of Bhamdoun (Lebanon), Director of Capitol Hotel of Beirut, director of Alcazar Hotel of Beirut (1959). Member: Skal club. Sport: Swimming. Priv. Addr.: Hassan Kamel el-Sabbah Str., Bifurcation/Verdun Str., Haboub Itani Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-814523, Beirut, Lebanon.

DONATO (Joseph), Director General of Government Office and former Ambassador. Born in 1918 in Beirut. Married on 12 Jan. 1946 to Miss Nicole Dargham, 2 children: Habib and Marie-Jose. Educ.: St. Joseph College of Jesuit Fathers, Beirut. Dipl.: Licence in Law U.S.J., Docteur d'Etat (Sciences Humaines) Sorbonne, France. Career: Director General, Social Development Office (1960-74); Ambassador in 1974; Accredited to the Benelux and the European Community; Director General, Lebanese Red Cross (1988-90); National Correspondent of the International Labour Office; Member of the Plan Commission and the Higher Council for Technical and Professional Education. Dist.: Said Akl Award (July 1969); Grand Croix de Leopold de Belgique; Officer, Legion of Honour; Commdr., Polish Order. Principal Publications and Works: Co-Author; "Code du Travail Libanais et Code de la Sécurité Sociale", "L'Ouvrier dans la Nation Libanaise", "Le Liban et sa legislation du Travail", "Le Développement social au Liban", "Etude concernant une perspective de Politique Sociale au Liban", Several conferences and publications. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Lebanon Str., Cassir Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01216913, Beirut, Lebanon.

DOUMET (Elias), Industrialist. Born on Sept. 2,1950 in Lebanon. Son of Michel Doumet (Industrialist). Career: Executive officer in family-owned industry, as part of the largest industrial group in Lebanon. Credit Cards: American Express, Diners, Visa. Prof. Addr.: Lebanon Chemicals Co. SAL, P.O.Box 11-1113, Tel.: +961-1-580420, Beirut, Lebanon. DOUMIATI (Adnane), former Mohafez of Mount Lebanon. Born in 1946 in Tyr (South Lebanon). Educ.: Lebanese University. Dipl.: LLB 1970-71), Higher Studies in General Law (1977-78). Foreign Language: French. Career: Occupied several positions at the General Investment Directorate as: Controller Chief Department at the Water Office Trusteeship (30.6.1975); Chief Department at the Juridical Studies (30.6.1975-4.9.1981); Accounting Department (1978-95); President at the General Investment Department (Aug. 1995-25.1.1997); Director of Trustees by decree No. 9788 (25.1.1997-99); Appointed Mohafez of Mount Lebanon (1990-2002). Other Information: Member of Tyr Water Office Committee (1981-), Commissioner, Beirut Water Office (1991-), Rapporteur of the Coordination Committee between Ministry of Hydraulic and UNICEF (1991- ). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

DOUEIHI (Estephan Boutros), Former Deputy, former Minister. Born in Zghorta in 1953. Married to Marie Abed, 2 children. Career: Appointed Member of Parliament (June 7,1991); elected Member of Parliament (Oct. 20, 1992- reelected in 1996-2000). Minister of Social Affairs (May 25, 1995-Nov. 7, 1996). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

DOUMIT (Boutros), Lawyer, President of the Lebanese Bar Association. Born in 1948 in Joun (Chouf). Married to Rita Menassa, 2 children: Nadine and Mikel. Educ.: Lebanese University. Dipl.: Licence in Law (1974). Career: Lawyer since 1975; Elected Member of the Board of the Bar Association for three times (19911993 & 2001); Occupied several missions in the frame of

DOUMANI (Georges), Engineer. Born in Tripoli 1923. Married 2 daughters. Educ.: College of Christian Brothers of Tripoli, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Engineer (1947), specialization in Paris (1948-49). Career: Engineer in Tripoli (since 1949), elected president 113

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Lebanese University, Dental Medicine, Section II, Tel.: 01-494446, 496826-7, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Dbaye, Tel.: 04-544069, 544065, 03-302211, P.O.Box 70570 Antelias, Lebanon.

the Training Conference, the Library, the Disciplinary Council and the General Roll; Participated as Representative of the Bar Association during 4 years at the Commission of modernization of Laws and at the Administration and Legal Parliamentary Committee for preparing the Procedure of the new Penal Law and the proposal to amend the Law of the military Justice; Has represented the Bar Association at several Scientist and Judicial Congress in Lebanon and abroad. Addr.: Bar Association, Sami Solh Street, Palace of Justice Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

DUCRUET (Jean, Alexandre), Cleric, Emeritus president of St. Joseph University. Born on 25 Feb. 1922 at Bourg-en Bresse (France). Son of Alexandre Ducruet and Mrs., née Laroche. Educ.; Law, philosophy, theology and science. Dipl.: Bachelor (law, philosophy and theology), Doctorate (Economics). Career: Joined the Society of Jesus (12 Nov. 1942); Ordained to the priesthood (31 July 1956); Lecturer on Economics in the Faculty of Law of St. Joseph University of Beirut since 1960; Director of Political Sciences Institute; Vice-Chancellor Faculty of Law and Economics (1961); Chancellor of the said faculty (1963-75); President of St. Joseph University (197595); Chairman of the Board, Hôtel-Dieu de France, (1981-2001); Director of Ethics Center, St. Joseph University; Vice-President of Lebanese National Consultative Ethics Committee. Pubi: Author of "Les Capitaux Européens au Proche-Orient", "Un Siècle de Coopération franco-libanaise au Service des professions de la Santé", "L'Université et la Cité", "Livre d'Or de la Faculté de droit de I'U.S.J", "Livre d'Or de la Faculté d'ingénieurs"; Contributed to a number of economic articles to "Travaux et Jours", review, "Projets", "Confluent", "Aggiornamenti Sociali", "Le Commerce du Levant", "Proche-Orient. Etudes Juridiques" and "Proche-Orient. Etudes Economiques". Awards: Commander National Order of Cedar, Commander of the Legion of Honour (France). Prof. & Priv. Addr.; Faculty of Medecine, Tel.: 01-614001/2/3, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

DOUMIT (Joseph, Elie), President and director of companies. Born in Lebanon. Son of Elie Doumit. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Career: President "société Nationale des Biens-Fonds et Immeubles, "Jomet Immobilière", "Elie J. Doumit SAL", "société des Hôtels et des Restaurants du Liban SAL", "société Orientale des Métaux Précieux S.A.L.", "Cimenterie Nationale SAL", Former Member of "Lebanon Chemicals SAL". Prof. Addr.: Bristol Hotel, Mme. Curie Str., P.O.Box 11-1493, Tel.: 01-351400, Beirut. Cimenterie Nationale SAL, P.O.Box 5101 & P.O.Box 40121 (Baabda), Tel.: 457106/107. Priv. Addr.: Doumit Bldg., Yarzeh, Tel.: 420880, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon. DOUMIT (Mounir), Doctor in Dental Surgery. Born on Oct. 11, 1956 in Lebanon. Son of Abdallah Doumit and Mrs., née Karime Zarour. Married to Hana Saab Doumit at Dbaye, Lebanon, 3 daughters: Carmen, Diane and Hala. Educ.: Ecole Champville, Frères Maristes, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, France. Dipl.: Doctor in Odontologie Sciences. Career: Associate Professor in Dental Medicine, Lebanese University. Credit Cards: Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Sin el-Fil,

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1929. Son of Philippe Edde (former general manager of Agence de la Banque de Syrie et du Liban) and Mrs., née Alice Naccache. Married on 9 June 1964 in Beirut to Miss Colette Issa el-Khoury, 3 children: Carole, Philippe and Nabil. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Faculty of law). Dipl.: LL.B. from the said Faculty. Career: President, General Manager of "Ajax Aluminium Industries S.A.L.". Prof. Addr.: Zouk Mousbeh, P.O.Box. 3783, Beirut and 662 Jounieh, Tel.: 09-218240/250, 218488, Fax: 09-218250, Jounieh, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Caracol St., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-201998, 216999, 337076, Beirut, Lebanon.

E

EDDE (Robert, Camille), Engineer. Born in 1927 in Beirut. Son of Camille Edde (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Isabelle Rathle. Married in 1958 in Beirut to Miss Wadia Tarazi, 2 children: Nadim and Karim. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, University of Detroit, USA, specialization in USA (1950-52); in Cuba (1952-54). Dipl.: B.E.E. Career: Consultant engineer (refrigeration). Work: Patent Pending in Havana covering an air conditioning unit for motorised vehicles (1952), produced an air conditioning system for open spaces (Yarzeh, Lebanon, 1964). Hobby: Scientific research. Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

EDDE (Henri, Camille), Engineer architect. Born in 1923 in Cairo (Arab Republic of Egypt). Son of Camille Edde (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Isabelle Rathle. Married to Miss Roselyne Maksud, 3 children: Jean-Louis, AnneMarie and Dominique. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Higher School of Engineering of Beirut (E.S.I.B.). Career: Engineer, former president "Engineers Association of Lebanon", member of Planning and Development Board, Committe president of Housing Q ~Association of U N O sine 1967, secretary general International Architects Union, Public Works Minister (1970-71), Education Minister (Aug.-Oct. 1972), Technical Adviser to the Presidency of the Republic (1971). Hobby: Aeronautical tourism. Priv. Addr.: Beirut suburb, Lebanon.

E D D E (Roger, Jean), Lawyer. Political figure, Investor, Project developer. Born August 21, 1941 at Edde, Byblos (Jbeil), Lebanon. Son of Jean Eddé and Thérèse el Khoury. Married in 1975 to Alice Kingsbury Bradley. Educ.: Aintoura College and la Sagesse College (until 1956); St. Joseph University (until 1962). Dipl.: L.L.B. Career: Joined the offices of lawyer Fayez Haddad, President of the Bar of Beirut, as apprentice lawyer in 1963. RJE managed to be recognized in his first years of practice as the advocate of the cause of minority shareholders in the large Lebanese corporations, fighting the abuse of corporate laws by corporate majorities "protected" by politically powerful board members and lawyers often appointed for their ability to cover corporate abuses. Some infamous bankruptcies of this corrupt practices lead to a de-facto nationalization through the Lebanese central bank of major institutions up for reprivatization today, such as Intra Bank, the port of Beirut, MEA Airlines, the Casino du Liban etc... In 1966 he opens his own practice. When unrest starts to-unravel in Lebanon with the PLO using Lebanon as a launching pad in its struggle against Israel, Roger Eddé Practice goes international taking advantage of the world business community's vital interest in the oil-producing countries that dramatically raised the prices of oil. In the '70s he assisted western governments in negotiating long-term oil contracts as well as design and construction firms interested in the development of newly enriched oil producers. The Airport and Universiy of Ryadh Saudi Arabia were among the most prestigious multibillion

EDDE (Michel), Lawyer, director of companies, former Minister. Born on 16 Feb. 1928 in Beirut. Married to Miss Yola Doumit, 5 children. Educ.: Secondary school: Jesuites School of Beirut. University: French Faculty of Law in Beirut. Career: Minister of P.T.T. and Minister of Information in the Karameh Cabinet (196668); Minister of Information, Wazzan Cabinet (Oct. 1980Oct. 1982); Minister of Culture and Higher Education, first Hariri Cabinet (Oct. 1992-May 1995); Minister of Culture and Higher Education, second Hariri Cabinet (May 1995Nov. 1996); Minister of State, third Hariri Cabinet (Nov. 7, 1996-Dec. 1998); Vice-President of Restaurants du Coeur, President of the Jesuites ALUMNI in Lebanon since 1990; Chairman of the French Newspaper "L'Orient-Le Jour"; Elected President of the League Maronite (2003-). Awards: Cross, Spanish Order of Merit (1967); Commdr. Legion of Honour (France 1970). Prof Addr.: Ashrafieh, Akkawi, Media Center Bldg., Tel.: 01-561666, 562666, Fax: 01-560666. Priv. Addr.: Yarzeh, Boustany Bldg., Tel.: 05-468510, 920420, 924025, Fax: 05-920430, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon. EDDE (Paul, Philippe), Company director, former honorary consul of Portugal in Beirut. Born on 4 Dec. 115

EID dollars projects where he assisted HOK, Blount Brothers and Bouygues, all leading US and French design and construction firms, in their award and realization unique. These early successes turned him into a world-wide project developer and investor, especially taking the opportunities offered by a changing world that brought down the Berlin Wall and transformed socialist states' controlled economies into liberalized, rapidly growing ones impatient to catch up with the free-world through private investments thus rebuilding their infrastructures and free markets. The unification of Germany allowed him to be investor and developer in Berlin, Leipzig and Dresden prime locations, in partnership with leading German developers and banks. Roger Eddé entered into equal partnership with HOK as Chairman of HOK Intercontinental, the development arm of Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum Inc. (HOK) a US-based global leading design, PM/CM firm. In Lebanon he focused on real estate investments and started the development of The Byblos Destination with the reknowned Eddé Sands Resort and Eddé Yard that mark the revival of the old Souks of Byblos as a landmark of luxury and cultural tourism thus placing Lebanon as destined to be the 'Rome' of the Middle East. Politically: Active since 1958, when he joined the congress of the "Lebanese National Bloc Party", presided the youth commission during the sixties, acted in universities struggling for Lebanon's civil liberties threatened by the abuses of the militarists regimes inspired by the "Mukhabarat" governments that prevailed in the region. RJE championed as well the ideas of a libertarian free enterprise Lebanon under the leadership of both Raymond and Pierre Eddé. When Lebanon slipped into the unrest caused by Arafat's determination to use Lebanon as the launching pad of the PLO, RJE promoted the choice of avoiding the slippery slope of Arab civil war in Lebanon by rejecting the temptation to arm the civilian population as an alternative to the paralysis of the Lebanese army, handicapped by the threat of imploding along confessional lines. Immediately following the Presidential elections of 1976 and after repeated threats and assassination attempts culminating in a Syrian regime "hit list" communicated to the National Bloc Leader, Raymond Eddé by President Anwar Sadat. RJE went with the leader of his party into political self-exile.The preferred choice was to be appointed the Assistant General Secretary of the Lebanese National Bloc in 1980, thus becoming an international activist for the cause of peace and freedom of Lebanon as envisioned by his Party. In 1982 he offered the option of Lebanese neutrality, "the Austrian way", as a solution to obtain the simultaneous withdrawal of all foreign forces (Israeli, Iranian, Palestinian and Syrian) in coordination with US Presidential envoy Philip Habib and the FrancoEgyptian initiative lead by Boutros Ghali and Pres. Mitterand. In 1985 he resigned from the "Lebanese National Bloc" focusing on his lobbying efforts for Lebanon from Washington DC and Paris. In 1988 he runs

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 for the Presidency of the Republic of Lebanon until the elections were suspended due to the turmoil plaguing Lebanon. Since he refused to participate in any election under Syrian occupation he instead focused on the struggle to liberate Lebanon through non-violent resistance the Ghandi way and the legal will of the international community and Lebanon's united communities.In 1994, he presides over the foundation of the Lebanese National Congress in Paris and joined forces with other opposition leaders, mainly PM Michel Aoun (President of the Free Lebanon Movement) and Mr. Dory Chamoun (President of The Party of the Free Patriots). During the following decade he helped organize, support and promote through speeches and conferences worldwide, to the Lebanese diaspora, the cause of freedom of Lebanon. This decade of activism culminated in the Cedars Revolution that exploded March 14, 2005 into the largest-ever Lebanese popular uprising forcing Syria's army out of Lebanon. Yet, the battle of freedom and unity of Lebanon is not over for Roger Eddé who is presently fully committed to organize a major gathering of the National Congress with the objective of rallying all of Lebanon's plural forces around the simple idea of mutual disengagement from their foreign alliances built over the years of unrest, to focus on founding the future of Lebanon as a modern plural democracy where citizenry belongs to the nation and not to any specific denomination. Sports: Tennis, hiking, swimming. Hobbies: History, Philosophy, Macroeconomics, New-tech conquests, Urbanism, Architecture. Addr.: Edde, Byblos (Jbeil), Tel/Fax: 961-9-737180, Mount Lebanon. E-mail: [email protected] . EID (Assad), University Professor. Born on Feb. 25, 1948. Son of Wadih Eid (Teacher) and Mrs. Hanneh Eid. Married in 1982 in Harissa to Micheline Haddad, 2 children: Alan (Dec. 6,1984), Eddy (July 1,1987). Educ.: Evangelical Institute, Sidon; Lebanese University; University of Wales (England); and St. Joseph University (Lebanon). Dipl.: BA English & Literature, Teaching Diploma Literature, MA English & Literature, MA ESFL, Doctorate in Applied Linguistics. Career: British Council Tutorial (1976-78), English Instructor at AUB-OCP (198187), English Instructor at BUC (1981-88), Assistant Professor at Lebanese University (1986-93), Head of English Department at Notre-Dame University (1990-94), Dean of the Faculty of Humanities (1994-2000); Founder & Director of NDU-Shouf Campus (2000-present). Other Information: Published Articles in Applied Linguistics, Co-Author of Textbooks Published by the Center of Educational Research and Development (CERD), General Coordinator of the English Textbook Project Sponsored by the CERD, Participated in International Seminars & Conferences: Edinburgh Seminar Macro-Teaching in 1993, Salzburg Seminar on Content-Based Approach in 1995; Nominated International Man of the Year by the International Biographical Cambridge Center in 1997.

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EID

Sports: Swimming and jogging. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 72 Zouk Michael, Tel.: 09-218950, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Mazraat Yashouh, Metn, Tel.: 04-922540, 03-301634, Lebanon.

Article in the Lebanese Judicial Review 1972 Page 3, "Himayet Houkouk al Moallef fil Bilad al Arabiyeh": Article in Al Adi 1995 page 420 s, "Al Ard al Fihli Wal Ida'e": A r t i d e in Al Adi No. 2 1997 page l,"Haoul Imkaniat Hajz al Amwaal al m o u d a ' a fi hissabat lada al Massaref al Khadiah lissiriyeh", A r t i d e in the Cassander Magazine 1997 no. 3 page 102, "Al Thakafa mortakaz lil Adaiah fi Nasret al Hak al Arabi": Research at the Arab Cultural Academy in Damascus (6 and 7 July 1996), " A h a m Khassaess add Doustour al Loubnani wal Thaghrat lati Taktanifoh": Lecture given at the Arab Cultural Academy in North Lebanon (1 Aug. 1996), "An Nizam Loubnani wal Tadamoun al Watani": given at the Arab Cultural Academy (Beirut, 19 Mar. 1997), "Awsaf ad Dayne llazi yasloh sababan litakrir al Hazj al Ihtiati": Lecture given at the Bar Association (Beirut, 1998), "Al A m w a ' a l llati yatanawaloha al H a j z lada Thaleth": Lecture given at the Bar Association (Beirut, 1999), "Tanfiz Ahkam Kanoun Himayat Hak Al Moallef wal Houkouk Almojawirah fi Loubnan": Lecture given at the International Conference to protect the Intellectual Property on 6- 8 Sept. 1999 (in Beirut), "La Protection du Droit d'auteur dans les pays Arabes": Article publié dans la Revue "Proche-Orient" 1996, "La figure du Magistral Libanais, ses fonctions et attributions à la lumière de l ' E t h i q u e et du droit": étude presenté au Ilème Colloque International Romanistico Canonistique "Ethique et Droit dans la Formation des Systèmes juridiques modèrnes" tenu à l'Université Pontificale du Latran à Rome du 22 au 25 mai 1996, "Real Property, In the Lebanese Legal System International Institute Law", Edited by Antoine Gemayel, Washington, 1985, two volumes, p. 205 to 265 (in English). Member: Union of Intellectual Catholic Lebanese, Vice-President of Arab Academy. Priv. Addr.: Ain e l - R e m m a n e h , Pierre Gemayel Str., La Bombola Bldg., 5th floor East, (face Caserne Kassardjian), Tel.: 01-396162, 388622, Beirut, S u m m e r Res.: Tel.: 07-980038, Mazraa el-Dahr, Lebanon.

EID (Edouard, Joseph), Magistrate, Honorary President of the Court of Cassation (High Court), academic. Born in 1926 at Mazraat ad-Dahr (Chouf, Lebanon.) Son of Joseph Eid (landowner) and Mrs., née Marie Eid. 3 children: Carmen, Josiane and Christiane. Educ.; Marist Brother College, St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Law Faculty). Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificat), LL.B. Doctorate in Law. Career: Auditor (Audit Office - 1951-55), magistrate (since 1955) Professor in Law Faculty of Beirut; First President of the Court of Appeal Beirut (since 1980); President of the High Court (since 1989). Pubi: Author of a number of books dealing with law and finance (in french), including "Les Fondements Economiques d'une Politique Commerciale Libanaise" (1952), "La Science Financière" (1955), "Réglementations Financières et Douanières des Echanges Internationaux (1957), "Les Organisations Internationales et Régionales" (1959 in arabic), "Les voies d'exécution" (1963), "La procédure civile" (4 vol., 1964-65), "Traité de Procédure Civile, des Preuves et des Voix d'Exécutions" 27 volumes (19832002), "Le Contrôle des Actes Administratifs par les Tribunaux Judiciaires" (1973), "Le Contentieux Administratif' (2 vol., 1974-75), "Les Commissions Rogatoires et les Significations Judiciaires" (1969), Kawaed al-Ithbat fil Kadaya al-Madaniyeh wal Tijariyeh" 2 volumes (1961-62), "Traité de Droit Commercial", "AI Asnad Tijariyeh" 4 volumes (1966-94, 1967-2000), "Al Oukoud Tijariyeh wa Amalia'at al Massaref' (1968), "Al Charika'at al tijariyeh" 2 volumes (1969-70), "Al Aamal al Tijariyeh wa Tijjar wal Moassassa Tijariyeh" (1971), "Ahkam al Iflass wa tawakof al Massaref an Dafeh" 2 volumes (1972-73), "Al Anzimah al Ikarieh" 2 volumes (1977-96), "Al Taaminat al Ayniyeh" 2 volumes (197895), Al Houkouk al Ayniyeh al Ikariyeh al Asliyeh" 2 volumes (1979-80), "Al Wajiz fil Madkhal ila Ilm al Kanoun" (1978), "L'Arbitrage en Droit comparé" (1993 in french), "Propriété Intellectuelle et Droit d'Auteur" (1998 in french), "Précis de Procédure Civile" (1999 in french), "Athar Inkhifad Kimat al Omleh alai Iltizamat al Madaniyeh" (1990), "Al Himayeh al Kanouniyeh lil cheque fi al Tachria'at al Arabiyeh" (1975), "Les Organisations Internationales et Régionales" (1969), "Mahkamat al Adi ad Douwaliyeh" (1970), "La Science Financière Générale" (1957); "Législation et Economie Douanières" (1959 in french), "Al Tijara al Kharijiyeh" (1957), "Al Nizm al Iktissadiyeh al Moassirah" (1958), "Al Wajiz fi Oussoul al Mouhakamat al Madanieh, 2 volumes (2004-2005),"Projet d'Unité Economique Arabe" (1956 in french), "Al Houkouk wal D a m a n a ' a t al Moukarara lilghayr bi Moktada Nizam al Chahr al Ayni:

EID (Elias), Judge. Born in 1961 in Beycoun (caza of chouf), Lebanon. Educ.: Bachelor in Law (L.L.B.), Lebanese University; Judicial Studies Institute (1990); Banking Law Session (1992-93). Career: Lecturer at Notre Dame Louaize (NDU) and Sagesse University (1991-99). Civil District Judge at Jdeidet el Metn (1990); Penal District Judge (1993-95) Then consultant at the Criminal Court in Mount Lebanon; Attorney-at-Law (1997); Since 2002, he occupied the position of Examining Judge in Beirut; Appointed on the 24th March 2005 as Examining Judge concerning the assassination of President Rafie HARIRI ; Public Author of a book about Private Criminal Law (Sagesse University Press); and of Labor Law (NDU Press). Addr.: Palace of Justice bldg., Sami Solh Str., Beirut, Lebanon. 117

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

EID (Emile, David Fares), Cleric, procurator general of maronite patriarchate at the Holy See, Judge at the Supreme Tribunal of Apostolic Signature (Vatican). Born on 15 Mar. 1925 at Mazraat ad-Dahr (Lebanon). Son of David Fares Eid and Mrs., née Marie Youssef Eid. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Pontifical University of Latran (Rome), Roman Sacred Rota (Rome). Dipl.: Bachelor of Theology, Doctorate of Canon and Civil Law, Advocate Diploma from the Roman Sacred Rota, Diploma of Higher Studies of Muslim Sociology and Islamic Institutions from St. Joseph University of Beirut, Diploma of General Literary studies from the School of Higher Studies of Beirut. Career: Ordained to the priesthood of the Maronite church, professor of philosophy and theology in the Maronite Patriarchal seminary (Lebanon 1951-53), judge in the patriarchal Appeal court (1952-55), Pastor and episcopal vicar at Jezzin, expert in Oecumenic Council of Vatican II (1962-65), professor of Oriental Canon Law compared with Latin Law at the pontifical Atheneum of Saint Anseime in Rome (since 1962), consultor in the Sacred Congregation for Oriental churches, consultor to the pontifical commission for the revision of the code of Canon Law, secretary of the Right of Oriental Churches Society (1969), Apostolic examiner of Roman clergy since 1968; Member of Oecumenic commission of Rome Diocese since 1968, Procurator General of Maronite Patriarchate at the Holy See since 1958, Promoter of Justice and Defender of the Bond at the Supreme tribunal of Apostolic Signature (since Nov. 1969), Consecrated Bishop (1983) Vice-President of the Pontifical Commission for the revision of the Code of Canons of Oriental Churches (1983). Pubi.: Author of "La figure juridique du Patriarche" Rome 1962, contributed a number of articles (cfr. Lexikon fur Theologie und Kirene, Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau), "Code des Canons des Eglises Orientales", Cite du Vatican 1997. Prof. Addr.: Procura Generale del Patriarcato Maronita, Via di Porta Pinciana, 18.00187, Tel.: 06-4880788, Fax: 06-4825708, Rome, Italy.

Present; - Provost & Vice-president for Academic Affairs, 10/2001-09/2003; Founding Member, Association of Deans of Faculties of Sciences in Arab Universities, University of Bahrain, Bahrain, 09/20-30/1999; - Dean, Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences, 10/1993-09/2001; - Founding Acting Dean, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, 04/1994-09/1996; Chairperson, Department of Mathematics, 10/1992-09/1994. 2. National Center of Educational, Research & Development (NCERD), Lebanon: - Co-Ordinator & Author, Group of Authors, National Mathematics Textbook and its Teacher's Guide, 3rd Year Secondary, Eco. & Social Sci. Section, English Edt., 1999-2000. Member, Details Committee, National 3rd Year Secondary Mathematics Curricula, 10/95-07/97; - Member, Planning Committee, National Secondary Mathematics Curricula, 10/95-09/96. 3. The City University of New York (CUNY) John Jay College of Criminal Justice, NY, NY, USA - Deputy Chairperson, Department of Mathematics, 05/90-10/93; - Supervisor, Mathematics Resource Center, 05/90-10/93; - Co-Chairman, University Affirmative Action Committee, 03/1992-09/1993; - Faculty Advisor, to the Computer Science Association, 09/1991-08/1993; Mathematical Judge, The Greater Metropolitan Math Fair, Spring 89, 90; - Coordinator, Mathematics Summer Basic Skills Program, Summer 88, 89, 90; - Faculty Advisor, Academic Advisement Pilot Project, 09/198708/1990. Other Information: 1. Academic Ranks, a) Notre University, Louaize, Lebanon, Department of Mathematics & Statistics - Tenured Professor, 10/1998Present, - Tenured Associate Professor, 10/1997-10/1998, Associate Professor, 10/1993-10/1997. b) The City University of New York (CUNY) John Jay College of Criminal Jutice (JJCC), NY, NY, USA, Department of Mathematics - Tenured Associate Professor 09/92-10/93, Associate Professor, 01/91-09/92, Assistant Professor, 09/87-01/91, - Instructor, 09/86-09/87. c) The City University of New York (CUNY) New York City Technical College (NYCTC), NY, NY, USA, Department of Mathematics, Instructor, 09/85-09/86. d) Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, USA, Department of Mathematics: - Adjunct Lecturer, 09/87-10/90, - Teaching Fellow & Adjunct Instructor, 09/83-09/87. e) New Institute of Technology, New York, USA, Department of Mathematics and Physics: - Adjunct Instructor, 06/8412/85, - Tutor, 01/1981-06/1982. Publications: a. Published Resarch Articles: 1. Alam, E.J., & Eid, G.M., "descartes" discourse on method: more discourse?, Budhi, A Journal of Ideas and Culture, Volume VI, No 2&3 (2002), Ateneo De Manila University, Philippines. 2. Eid G.M., "Euclid of Tyre, Geometry and Relativity", NDU Spirit, Issue No. 22 (2001) pp. 42.45, Notre-Dame University, Louaize, Lebanon. 3. Eid, G.M., "Regular Lattices and Weakly Replete Lattices", Rocky Mountain J. of Mathematics, Vol. 22 No. 3 (1992) pp. 849-860, University of Arizona, USA. 4. Eid. G.M., "On Wallman

EID (George M.), Vice-president of Academic Affairs (NDU). Born on Feb. 27, 1958 in Mousseitbeh, Beirut. Son of Mtanos Gerges Eid, Retired and Mrs., née Da'ed Nakhleh. Married on Jan. 4, 1992 in Beirut, Lebanon to Miss Therese Harb, 2 daughters: Grace (Aug. 16, 1995), Maria (Oct. 3, 1998). Educ.: 1. Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York, USA (Ph.D., Mathematics). 2. Polytechnic Institute of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA (M.Sc., Mathematics) (Minor: Mechanical Engineering). 3. New York Institute of Technology, New York, USA (B.Sc., Mechanical Engineering Technology). Magna Cum Laude. Diplomas: Ph.D., Mathematics; M.Sc., Mathematics (Minor: Mechanical Engineering); B.Sc., Mechanical Engineering Technology (Magna Cum Laude). Career: Notre-Dame University (NDU), Louaize, Lebanon: - Vice-president for Academic Affairs, 10/2003118

EID

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION Spaces and the Lindelöf Property", Annals of The N.Y. Academy of Sciences, Vol. 659 (1992) pp. 57-62. NY, NY, USA. 5. Eid, G.M., "On Lindelöf Lattices and Separation", Inter. J. of Math. & Math. Sci., Vol. 14 No. 3 (1991) pp.605609, University of Central Florida, USA. 6. Eid, G.M., "On Normal Lattices and Wallman Spaces", Inter. J. of Math. & Math. Sci., Vol. 13 No. 1 (1990) pp. 31-38, University of Central Florida, USA. b. Refereeing Research Papers: 1. Member, Scientific Committee, 14th Science Meeting-2000, Organized by the National Council for Scientific Research (NCSR) & The Lebanese Association for the Advancement of Science (LAAS), Beirut, Lebanon, Nov. 23-25, 2000. 2. Thesis Advisor, M.Sc. Thesis, entitled, "Applied Computational & Numerical Methods", (1998), Department of Computer Science, Ν DU, Louaize. Lebanon. 3. Referee of mathematical research papers for the Annales des Sciences Mathématiques du Quebec, Canada; 3/1998 and 5/1995. 4. Member, Editorial Board, Palma Journal, NDU, Louaize, Lebanon, 10/1994-10/1997. 5. Referee of mathematical research papers for the International Journal of Mathematics & Mathematical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Florida, USA 4/1993,6/1991,3/1991,1/1991,10/1990, and 7/1990. 6. External Evaluator for the PSC-CUNY Research Award Program, New York, USA, 2/1992 c. Research / Pedagogical Conference Participation: 1. The Sixth North-Eastern Conference on General Topology and its Applications, Bookville, New York, USA, June 14-16.1990. 2. The American Mathematical Society (AMS), Eastern Regional Meeting, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA Oct. 21-22, 1989, Abstract of the AMS, Vol. 9, No. 4 (1989) pp. 295. 3. The AMS Eastern Regional Meeting, Hoboken, New Jersey USA Oct. 21-22, 1989; Chaired the First-Half of the General Session. 4. The Writing Across the Curriculum Conference, CUNY-NYCTC, Brooklyn, New York, USA, Sept. 11, 1989. 5. Teaching at CUNY Colloquium, CUNY-Baruch College, New York, New York, USA, May 19, 1989. 6. The AMS Centennial Meeting, Providence, Rhodes Island, USA, Aug. 812, 1988; Abstract of the AMS, Vol. 10 No. 5 (1988) pp. 329. 7. The 5th Annual Conference of the JJCCJ and the American Statistical Association (ASA) on Criminal Justice Statistics, New York, New York, USA, Dec. 8-9,1988.8. The 4th Annual Conference of the JJCCJ and the ASA on Criminal Justice Statistics, New York, New York, USA, Dec. 2-4,1987. 9. The Mathematics Colloquium, CUNY-NYCTC, Brooklyn, New York, USA, Mar. 13,1986. d. Published Books: 1. Eid, G.M., Faysal, L.G., & Eid, S., "Building Up Mathematics for Economics & Social Science", 3rd Year-Secondary Education, (277 pages), CERD, Lebanon, 2000. 2. Eid, G.M., Faysal, L.G., & Eid, S., "Teachers Guide to Accompany Building Up Mathematics for Economics & Social Science", "3rd YearSecondary Education" (160 pages), CERD, Lebanon, 2000.3. Eid, G.M., "Essentials of College Mathematics with Applications", (419 pages), NDU Press, Louaize, Lebanon, 1998. 4. Eid, G.M., "Beginning Mathematics with Applications", (352 pages), NDU Press, Louaize, Lebanon, 1997. 5. Eid, G.M., "Linear Algebra with Applications", (398

pages), NDU Press, Louaize, Lebanon, 1996. 6. Eid, G.M., "Linear Algebra", (502 pages), Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Iowa, USA, 1996. 7. Eid, G.M., "Solutions Manual to Accompany Linear Algebra", (419 pages), Louaize, Lebanon, 1996. e. Published Translations from French into English. 1. Eid, G.M., "Details of the National School Mathematics Curricula for 3rd, 2nd years of each Educational Cycle", (214 pages), CERD, 1997-98. 2. Eid, G.M., "Introduction and Objectives of the National School Mathematics Curricula", (2 pages), CERD, Mar. 1997. 3. E i d , G . M , A Textbook "Building Up Mathematics for 1st year-Secondary Education", (335 pages), CERD, Jan.-Sept, 1998. 4. Eid, G . M , "The Teacher Guide to Accompany Building Up Mathematics, 1st year-Secondary Education", 7th, 4th, 1st Grade-Basic Education, CERD, Jan.-Sept, 1998. Medals and Decorations: 1. Leadership Medal of Success, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, NDU, Lebanon, fall 2000. 2. Certificate of Appreciation, American Lebanese Engineering Society, Florida, USA, July 2000. 3. University Presidential Medal, NDU, Lebanon, Oct. 1998. 4. Award of Appreciation, Department of Architecture, NDU, Lebanon, Spring 1997. 5. Award of Recognition, NDU-Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Lebanon, Fall 1996. 6. Attestation of Recognition and Certification for beign an Active Member of the NY Academy of Sciences, New York, New York, USA, May 1993. 7. Service Award, CUNY-JJCCJ, Student Council, NY, USA, Spring 1993. 8. Tenure Certificate, Board of Trustees, CUNY, NY, USA, Oct. 1992. 9. Certificate of Appreciation, Faculty Senate, CUNY-JJCCJ, NY, USA, 199293. 10. Service Award, CUNY-JJCCJ, Student Council, NY, USA, Spring 1992. 11. Award of Excellence, CUNY-JJCCJ, Student Council, NY, USA, 1990-91. 12. Certificate of Merit, CUNY-JJCCJ & ASA (American Statistical Association), NY, USA, 1989-90. 13. Commendation Letter on Outstanding Teaching, CUNY-JJCCJ, NY, USA, Spring 1994. 14. Teaching Fellowship, Mathematics Graduate Program, Polytechnic University/Institute, Brooklyn, New York, USA, 1982-84.15. Dean's List, New York Institute of Technology, New York, New York, USA, 1981-82. Hobbies: Reading and gardening. Prof. Addr.: Administration Building, 1st floor, Notre-Dame University, Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Kesrouan, P.O.Box 72 (Zouk Mikael), Tel.: 09-218950/51, Fax: 09224517. Priv. Addr.: Sleiman Daher Bldg, 3rd floor, Adma (Kesrouan), E-Mail: [email protected], Lebanon. EID (Hatem), Chemical Engineer. Born on 14 Nov. 1951 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Hassan Eid (Merchant) and M r s , née Fatima Safi. Married in 1982 in Lattakia (Syria) to Gehan Barakat, 3 children: Daughters: Farah (1984) and Nouf (1985), Son: Rabih (1986). Educ.: Tripoli Evangelical School; Beirut Evangelical School; Houston Univesity - State of Texas; Lamar State of Technology, State of Texas. Dipl.: BACC. Part I (Scientific) - BACC. Part II (Mathelem), Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering. Career: Process Engineer, Ba-nias Refinery, Syria (1977-78); Trainee, 119

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Technipe France, France/Germany/Italy/Qatar (1978-79); Process Engineer, Qatar Petrochemical Plant (QAPCO), Qatar (1979-84); P.R. Manager, Allied Business Bank, Lebanon (1986-91); General Manager, Center of Specialization - Chemical Branch, Saudi Arabia (199193); Director General, Executive Council for Major Projects, Lebanon (1993 till this date). Sport: Health Club. Hobbies: Jogging, tennis, swimming, weight-lifting. Clubs: Marimar Health Club. Prof. Addr.: Bir Hassan, CEGP Premises, P.O.Box 5307-11, Tel.: 01-826210/1, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tripoli, Kobbeh, Hytham Ibrahim Bldg., No. 2, 1st floor, near Zahra Hospital, Tel.: 06-385382, 03-211067, Lebanon.

urgent affairs; President of Executive Court and President of the Court of Arbitration Affairs in Beirut; President of Court of Appeal in Mount Lebanon; Attorney General in North Lebanon; President of Criminal Appeal Court in Beirut; Elected Deputy (2005-to date). Pubi.: Author of several Studies and Researches. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon, and Palace of Justice, Sami Solh Street, Beirut, Lebanon EKMEKJI (Arda Arsenian, Dr., Mrs.), Archeologist. Dean of Arts & Sciences, Haigazian University. Born on Sept. 4, 1951 (Jerusalem, Jordan). Daughter of Noubar Arsenian (Pharmacist) (AUB 1935) and Mrs., née Sirarpi Krakirian. Married on July 22, 1972 (Beirut) to engineer Jacques S. Ekmekji, 1 daughter: Karma (6.11.1983). Educ.: American University of Beirut (1968-74), Sorbonne (Université de Paris I), France (89-94). Dipl.: AUB - B.A. (1971), AUB - MA (1974) DEA Sorbonne (1991) Ph.D. (Nouveau Doctorat) Sorbonne 1994. Career: Teaching-Faculty AUB 1971-97 (Civilization Sequence Program, Archeology), Haigazian University 1978, 1986, 1997-present, (Intercultural Studies, Ancient History and Religions). Awards: BA (with distinction 1971), Ph.D. with Honors (1994). Sports: Swimming. Hobby: Music. Community Services: (Most important ones): Board Member of Global Ministries (USA), Chairperson of Board of Armenian Evangelical College in Beirut (19942004); Chairperson of the Educational Board of Armenian Evangelical Institutions; Treasurer of the Union of Evangelical Schools in Lebanon (Rabita); Chairperson of the (ICNDR - Middle East Council of Churches 19952004); Member of the Armenian Catholicosate Cilicia Museum Committee, Antelias; Advisor to the AUB Friends of the Museum. Prof. Addr.: Haigazian University P.O.B: 11-1748, Tel.: 961-1-349230/31, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

EID (Reverend Abbot Francois Zaki), Former President, Notre-Dame University. Born on July 24,1943. Son of Nemr (mayor). Educ.: High School: Notre-Dame Louaize College; St. John of Latran University, Rome, Italy. Dipl.: BA in Philosophy and Theology - St. John of Latran University, Rome (Italy) (1965-71); Diploma in Music and Painting - History of Arts; Ph.D. in Law Oriental Institute - St. John of Latran University - Rome (Italy). Career: Director of the Maronite College in Rome (1984-87); Director of Notre-Dame Louaize College (1987-93); President of Notre-Dame University (NDU) (1993-99); Appointed Archbishop to the Maronite Archbishopric in Cairo, Egypt (2005- ). Sports: Swimming. Hobbies: Music, painting. Prof. Addr.: Notre-Dame Louaize Convent, Zouk Mosbeh, P.O.Box 31, Tel.: 09-219265 and Maronite Archbishopric, Cairo,Egypt. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: 03-360170, Lebanon. EID (Said), Army Officer. Born in Tripoli in 1951, Lebanon. Married to Malakeh Maaliki, 6 children. Educ.: Military Academy. Career: Joined the Military Academy as Cadet Officer (16.9.1970); graduated Lieutenant (1.8.1973); Promoted Brigadier (1.7.2000); He followed His Studies in Lebanon and USA; occupied several posts at the Military Police and chief of General Staff, Secretary General of Higher Council of Defence, Intelligence officer, Guidance officer, Director of mobilization, Director of Guardianship and chief of Beirut Area. Awards: Hold several Medals as: Lebanese Order of Merit, National Order of Cedar, Dawn of South Medal and felicitation from the Commander in Chief of the Lebanese Army. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Defence, Yarzeh, Lebanon.

EL-AM (Joseph), Businessman. Born at Halate (Lebanon) on 28 Aug. 1949. Son of Antoine el-Am and Mrs., née Antoinette Raidi, 2 children: Rita and Joseph. Educ.: Apostles School, St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Political Sciences. Career: President of J. el-Am Group (Import/Export), Representative of Several deluxe Brands; - Diplomatic & Foreign relations Commissioner at Bloc National Party. Other Information: Member in the board of Directors of the "Syndicat des Importateurs de produits Alimentaires de Consommation et de Boissons au Liban, The Lebanese Egyptian Businessmen Association. Clubs: Intercontinents Club, Sheraton Club, Hilton Club. Credit Cards: Master Card, Visa, Diner's Club. Prof. Addr.: Abdo Choufani Bldg., Adonis, Tel.: 09-216535/538, Zouk, Lebanon. P.O.Box 116-5180 (Beirut). Priv. Addr.: Okaibi, Main Road, Tel.: 09-440707, Lebanon.

EIDO (Walid), Judge, Member of Parliament. Born in 1943 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married, 3 children: Khaled, Zaher and Mazen. Educ.: Baccalaureate (2nd session) (1962); Master of Law, Faculty of Law, Lebanese University (1966). Career: Joined the Magistrate Corps (1967-2000); The Magistrate Positions are successively the following: Advisor to the Court of Bankruptcy; Advisor to the Court of Commerce; President of the Executive Court in Saida then President of the Court of

EL-HACHEM (Basile, Boutros), Cleric, faculty 120

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EL-ROUADI

dean. Born in 1925 at Rishmaya. Son of Boutros Hachem and Mrs., née Wadi'a Hachem. Educ.: Faculty of Theology, St. Joseph University (Secondary education); University of Strasbourg, France; Specialization in Social and Humanitarian Sciences, Catholic Institue of Paris, France. Dipl.: Bachelor (theology), LL.B. (Canon law), Bachelor (social sciences), State diploma Holiday Camps. Career: Ordained to the priesthood in the Lebanese Maronite Order. Director of the Institute of the Maronite Order of Belt Shabab (3 years), Principal of Our Lady of Mash-moushay (6 years), Professor of Social and Humanitarian Sciences at the Lebanese University and Schools of the Maronite Order (for several years); Director General of the Maronite Order schools and Dean of the Faculty of Commercial Sciences of the Holy Spirit University at Kaslik (1968-80), Vicar General of the Maronite Order at the Vatican (1980-86), appointed Superior General of the Maronite Order (Since august 1986). Prof. Addr.: Holy Spirit University, Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon and Generalat de l'Ordre Libanais Maronite, Couvent St. Antoine, Tel.: 09-906950/1/2/3/4, Ghazir, Lebanon.

the Parliamentary Commission of Public Works and Hydraulic and Electric Resources (1972-74), then member of the commission till 1984; Member of the Parliamentary Commission of Finance and Budget (1972-84); Co-author of the Islamic Chiite working paper in 1977, and the Charter of the Islamic Position in 1983; Elected Speaker of the National Assembly in 1984, and re-elected annually until 1992; Presided the National Reconciliation Conference held in Taef in Oct. 1989 which issued the Document of National Accord (known as the Taïf agreement); Presided the parliamentary session of Nov. 5, 1989 in which the National Accord was ratified and President René Moawad was elected President of the Republic; Presided the parliamentary session of Aug., 21, 1990, in which the political reforms were ratified and included in the new constitution; Elected deputy of Baalbeck-Hermel in 1992, reelected deputy of the Bekaa Mohafazat in 1996, and reelected deputy of BaalbeckHermel in 2000. Pubi: Principles of the Lebanese Opposition " M a b a d e ' al-Mu'aarada al-Lubnaniyyah" 1994, opinions on government "Aqwal fi al-Hukm" forthcoming. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Beirut, Lebanon.

E L - H A C H E M (Raymond), Lawyer, Honorary Consul of Slovenia in Lebanon. Born on 3 Aug. 1953 in Beit Eddine, Lebanon. Son of Chebel el-Hachem, Officer and Mrs. Josephine el-Hachem. Educ.: St. Joseph (Aintoura), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III, Université St. Joseph, Beyrouth, Faculty of Law. Dipl.: Licence in Lebanese Law, Licence in French Law, Master in French Law. Career: Lawyer at Court, Beirut, since 1979; Honorary Consul since 14 Jan. 1994. Sports: Tennis, swimming. Hobby: Pottering. Club: Ichtar Country Club. Prof. Addr.: Kesrouan, Sarba, Centre Versailles, P.O.Box 818 (Jounieh), Tel.: 09-900002, 910062, 931156, Fax: 09900002, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Zouk Mosbeh, Hachem Bldg., Tel.: 09-900003, 900099, Lebanon.

EL-KHATIB (Munir), Engineer. Educ.: University of Michigan, USA. Dipl.: B.Sc. (Civil Engineering) (1952) M.Sc. (Civil Engineering) (1954) Career: Engineer, President and Managing Director of the consulting engineering firm Consolidated Engineering Company, Khatib & Alami (since 1959); Academic teaching of graduate and undergraduate courses in structures and bridge design at the School of Engineering of the American University of Beirut, (since 1957); Chairman of the National Reconstruction Board of Lebanon (1967-76); President of the Lebanese Order of Engineers & Architects (1991-93); Chairman, Development & Trading Co. (DITRA) SAL. Member: The Lebanese order of engineers and architects, Beirut. Prof. Addr.: Mazraa Comiche, Gondole Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-300609, 300613, Telex: 21360 CEC LE and P.O.Box 14-6203 Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ramlet elBaida, Jawhara Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-861415, 818863, Beirut, Lebanon.

EL HUSSEINI (Hussein), Former speaker of the national assembly. Born in 1937 in Zahlé (Bekaa), Lebanon. Educ.: Diploma in Public Administration, Cairo, Egypt. Married to Ms. Hayat el-Husseini, six children: Randa, Ali, Hassan, Nada, Ahmad and Ihsan. Career: Director of the Baalbeck Electric Generation and Distribution Institution (1956-63); Elected President of the Unified Municipality of Chmestar in 1958, and re-elected in 1963 until 1998; Elected deputy of Baalbeck-Hermel (1972); Collaborated with Imam Moussa Sadr (Chiite spiritual leader) in the foundation of the Superior Islamic Chiite Council (1965-69), the "Mouvement des Déshérités" in June 1973 (which later gave birth to the "Amai" Movement meaning " A f w a j al-Moukawama alLoubnaniya"), and the National Front for saving the south of Lebanon in 1977; Secretary General o f ' " A m a i " (from Aug., 31, 1978 till Apr., 4, 1980), following the concealment of Imam Moussa Sadr in 1978; President of

EL-ROUADI (Nairn), Acting Dean, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Balamand University. Born on Oct. 5,1945. Son of Jirjis Saliba and Nour Ziadeh. Married on May 11.1973 at Halba (Akkar), Lebanon to Maani Mansour, 3 children: Rabih (23-03-1974), Nour (28-011976), Elie (11-04-1981). Educ.: La Sorbonne, Paris V, Rene Descartes, France (1999); University Saint-Esprit, Kaslik, Lebanon (1989); University Saint-Esprit, Kaslik, Lebanon (1985); Université Libanaise (1970). Dipl.: Sciences de l'éducation didactique de l'informatique (Ph.D., 1999); Sciences de l'éducation, Didactique des Mathématiques (Doctorat 3eme Cycle, 1989); Science de 121

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

l'éducation, Didactique des Mathématiques (DEA, 1985); Ensignement des Mathématiques aux Classes Secondaires (CAPES, 1971); Mathématiques Pures (Licence, 1970). Career: Acting Dean, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Balamand University (2000-present); Chairperson of the Department of Education since October 2003 till now. Rank: Associate Professor. Sports: Walking, swimming. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: University of Balamand, P.O.Box 100 (Tripoli), Tel.: 06-930250 ext. 2333, Tripoli, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: el-Mina, Port Said, Tel.: 06-601712, Lebanon. E-mail: [email protected].

Association) and Mrs., née Yvette Chaddoud. Married, 2 children. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Central School of Lyon (France). Dipl.: Bachelor of mathematics, Graduate Eng., from Beirut Higher School of Engineering. Career: Former Chairman, General Manager of "Intercott, 5.A.L.", for commerce and industry consultant, own practice (1954-58), consultant engineer (since 1958), adviser on investment projects in underdeveloped countries, particularly of the Middle East. Act.: Produced a number of buildings and housing projects for industry and trade. "Typical Farm and Soft Drink Plants" (Syria), "Carlton Hotel", Coca cola plant, cars show rooms, several residential buildings, "Habib Bank"(Dubai), "Tourist Hotel", Sinalco soft drinks plant, 52 residential villa, HR hotel, commercial center in Ashar(Basrah), "Housing compound", LPG filling plant, KOTC guest house, "Port War-houses", "Multistoreys Office Buildings" (Kuwait). Member: Engineers Association of Lebanon, of Iraq, of Kuwait and of Syria, Member/Founder of ICEF accepted by World bank (IBRD) seated in Vienna Rathanspletz 4. Hobbies: Horseriding and literature. Priv. Addr.: Rabya, 1st. Avenue, No. 48, Villa Elias, Tel.: 04-412117, 03291577, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon.

EL-SOLH (Abdel-Rahman, Sami), Ambassador. Born on Dec. 1933 in Beirut. Son of Sami el-Solh (former President of the Council, former Deputy) and Mrs., Balkis el-Solh. Married to Jihane-May Sami Yassine, 2 children: Sami and Riad. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut LL.B. Career: In the Diplomatic Corps, Successively: Lebanese Embassy Secretary in Teheran (1953); Delegate to UN in New-York (1953-54); Consul General in Cairo (1954-57); Minister Plenipotentiary and Lebanese Delegate to UNRWA then to International Organizations in Geneva (1957-59); Counsellor at the Lebanese Embassy in Paris (1960); Director of Cultural Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beirut (1963-66); Ambassador to Austria (1966-71) and Delegate to the Atomic Energy Agency to the United Nation Industrial Development Organization UNIDO; Ambassador to Jordan (1971-78); Director of Political Affairs Department and Secretary General a.i. of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1981-83); Ambassador to Egypt and non-resident Ambassador to Bahrain - Oman and Kenya (1983-94); Assistant Secretary General of the League of Arab States since 1997. Award: Grand Cordon of Honour (Austria 1972). Addr.: League Arab, Sami Solh Str., Jaroudi et Tabbara Bldg., 7th floor, facing Palace of Justice, Tel.: 01-611163, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Manara, facing Nahda Playground, Sami Yassine Bldg., Tel.: 01-740405, 740500, Beirut, Lebanon.

EMIE (Bernard), French Ambassador. Born on Sept. 6, 1958. Son of Pierre Emié -Manager and Mrs. Jacqueline Bernard. Married on Sept. 30, 1989 in Avrilly to Miss Isabelle de Chabannes La Palice Tournon, 3 children: Constance (1991), Pauline (1994) , Louis (1999). Dipl.: Graduated of Institut of Political Studies of Paris (1979), National School for Administration (E.N.A.) (1983). Career: Deputy Adviser for Diplomatic Affairs to the President of the Republic, Mr. Jacques Chirac's Ofllce( 1995-1998); French Ambassador to Jordan (19982002); Director of the North Africa and Middle East department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2202-2005); French Ambassador to Lebanon in (2005- ). Awards: Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite (France); Many foreign decorations (Jordan, Morocco, Qatar, Tunisia, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, Chili, Bolivia, Argentina, Venezuela). Sport Practised: Tennis, Squash, Ski. Prof. Addr.: French Embassy in Lebanon, Damascus Street, Tel.:(00 961 1 42 00 02, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Résidence des Pins, Beirut, Lebanon. Tel.: 00 961 1 42 00 80.

ELIANE (Edouard, Joseph), M.D. Born on 18 Sept. 1930 in Aleppo (Syria). Son of Joseph Eliane and Mrs., née Marie Chaccal. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, French Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris (Hôpital Broussais and Beaujon), Collège de Médecine, des Hôpitaux de Paris. Dipl.: M.D. Career: Hospital interne (1953), clinic chief (1956), resident in Paris hospitals (1959-60), assistant medical officer at Hotel-Dieu Hospital of Beirut (1961); Professor of Nephrology (1977). Member: International Nephrology Society (1963). Prof. Addr.: Tabaris, 246, Salim Bustros Str., Tel.: 01-335811, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Tabaris, 10 Sursock Str., Moutran Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-582212, Beirut, Lebanon.

ESBER (Ahmad, Abdul Hamid), Former Deputy, lawyer. Born in 1923 in Beirut. Son of Hage Abdul Hamid Esber (landowner) and Mrs., née Nazha Hamoud Amhaz. Married in 1950 to Miss Renée Chami, 5 children: Siham, Maha, Fady, Nada and Hamid Mahmoud. Educ.: alMakassed College, St Joseph University of Beirut (French Law Faculty). Dipl.: LL.B. from the said faculty, Bachelor of Letter (Arabic). Career: Civil servant in the Chamber of Deputies (1943-53), Caimacam of Jounieh (Kisrawan),

ELIAS (Amid, Fayez), Engineer, technical consultant. Born on 29 June 1932 at Lattakieh (Syria). Son of Fayez Rachid Elias (deputy for Lattakieh and President of Bar

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION Akkar, Jezzine (1953-58), inspector general in the Ministry of the Interior (1958-60), elected deputy for Jbayl (1960), lawyer, re-elected deputy for Jbayl (1968 and 1972). Sports: Swimming and shooting. Hobbies: Breeding of canaries and cartoon drawing. Priv. Addr.: Omar ben Khattab Str., Ras an-Nab', Arab Bldg., Lebanon and Paris, France.

School of Law, Bachelor of Law. Career: elected 3 times 1991-1993-1999 as an executive member of the Beirut Bar Association; Supervisor of legal trainees and Attorney at Law; Commissioner with the Palace of Justice; Attorney and counsellor at Law since 1972; elected President of the Beirut Bar Association on N o v e m b e r 16th 2003; Participated in and chaired several conferences on the development of the Law in Lebanon and the Middle East (in Beirut and abroad). Decor: The Beirut Bar Association Medal of the highest order. Sports practiced: Swimming, Hiking. Hobbies: Admirer of classical music and Lebanese impressionist art. Clubs And Associations: Union of Arab Lawyers. Prof. Addr.: El Fakih Bldg., Badaro, Lebanon Tel.: 01-399333, 01-399444. Priv. Addr.: Esta Bldg., Wadi Chahrour, Lebanon, Tel: 05940340.

ESTA (Selim), Attorney at Law, President of the Beirut Bar Association. Born oil June 3, 1945, Wadi Chahrour Al Soufla. Son of Elias ESTA and Mrs Née Jawhara HELOU. Married on July 9, 1988 in Lebanon to Maha LAMAK, 2 daughters: Marie Noelle (5-10-1989), Muriel (22-3-1991). Educ.: Collège Sacré-Coeur, Gemayzé (Primary, Complementary, Secondary); St.Joseph University, School of Law. Dipl.: University La Sagesse,

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 of Alina Alumni Club in the World; Consultant at Several Companies in Lebanon, France & USA; Working to develop the Relations between Alina & Harvard University; Member of the Board of General Management Institute. Prof. Addr.: General Management Institute, Beirut, Lebanon.

F

FADEL (Toufic, Nagib), Businessman, former honorary consul of Finland. Born on 25 Dec. 1916, at Bau-chrieh, (Beirut). Son of Nagib Fadel (Businessman) and Mrs., Lucia born Salem. Married on 8 Aug. 1970 to Miss Josephine Emile Hokayem, 3 children: Fouad, Nagib and Lara. Educ.: Collège Français du Sacré-Coeur (Beirut). Dipl.: Economic and commercial high studies. Career: Training in Banking affairs in Banco di Roma, Milano (Italy) (1938-42); appointed at Central Inspectorate at General Management of Banco di Roma, Rome (Italy) (1943-46). Resigned from Banco di Roma, Rome in 1947 to Join his Firm Fouad & Toufic Fadel & Co. S.A.L. (its branches: Droguerie Fouad Fadel & Co. and Omnicolor S.A.R.L. and Fortrade S.A.L. Off-shore, all making part of "Intersource Holding S.A.L.") as Owner and Managing Director; Appointed Honorary Consul of Finland in Lebanon (1961-98). Decor.: White Rose of Finland Instituted by President Kekkonen and later, Commander of the Order of Lion of Finland President Koivisto - in Dec. 92, Sport Medal for athleticism. Sports: Light athleticism (parallel and horizontal bars). Hobbies: Hunting, reading. Member.: A.T.C.L. (Kaslik), Collina Country Club (Rabieh/Beirut). Prof. Addr.: St. Joseph Str., T. Fadel Bldg., Bauchrieh, Tel.: 01-248000, 249111, P.O.Box 90-444 Jdeidet elMetn, Fax: 01-249813, 249799, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh, Zone 3, Tel. 04-411206, 416464, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

FADDOUL (Joe), Chairman and CEO for different companies. Born on 9 Mar. 1944 in Beirut. Son of Late Youssef Faddoul (Medical Doctor), Member of Parliament and Mrs., née Eva Kaissar Bey Nauphal. Married on 21 Oct. 1972 to Miss Denise Clavel, 3 children: Muriel, Joey, Emmanuelle. Educ.: Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) - Paris, Institut International d'Administration Publique (IIAP) - Paris, Institut d'Etudes de Développement Economique & Social (IEDES), Paris. Dipl.: HEC (1966), IIAP (1967), IEDES (1968). Career: Founded Istisharat SAL in 1972, Presently Chairman and CEO of this company; University Professor 1969-75 (St. Joseph University, Lebanese University). Other Information: President of INFOEL SA (Paris) and of INFOEL Financial Systems Support Inc. (U.S.A.), Member of the board of Lebanon Express SAL. Sports: Cross Country, Skiing (ski de fonds), swimming. Hobbies: Reading, chess. Clubs: Member, HEC Alumni in Lebanon. Credit Cards: Cashless, Master Card, Prof. Addr.: BML Istisharat sal A. Razzak Bldg., 4th floor, Riad el-Solh Str., P.O.Box 11-5191 Beirut 1107-2190, Tel.: 9611-983208; E-Mail: [email protected], Website: www.istisharat-com, Lebanon.

FADLALLAH (Abdel Raouf, Muhammad Hassan),Civil servant. Born in 1924 at Najaf (Iraq). Son of Muhammad Hassan Fadlallah and Mrs., née Zeinab Noureddine. Married in 1960 to Miss Hayat al-Assaad, 2 children: Hady and Hoda. Educ.: al-Makassed College, University of Lyon (France). Dipl.: Bachelor of Letters from the said university, Doctorate of Letters from la Sorbonne (Paris). Career: Schoolmaster at Bourj alBrajneh, at Tareek al-Jadideh School, head of cultural and social department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and chief of Cultural and Fine Arts Services in the Ministry of Education. Director General of the Civil Servants Cooperative Department (1977). Pubi.: 2 thesis, the main thesis being on the economy and rural structure of South Lebanon, the complementary one on the mobility and the Lebanese population and its national and international consequences, also author of "Inland Emigration in Lebanon". Vice-President: Arab Geographical Union and representative of Lebanese Geographers at the Arab Geographers Union. Spec. Int.:

FADEL (Maurice, Habib), Deputy. Born in Tripoli (Lebanon) on the 9th Feb. 1928. Son of Habib Georges Fadel. Married on 4th Mar. 1967 to Miss Diana Rachid Sfeir, 4 children: Habib, Robert, Karim and Ronald. Career: Merchant, elected deputy for Tripoli (1972); and re-elected (1996) and reelected (2000-), Chairman, General Manager, A.B.C. SAL. Addr.: ABC P.O.Box 590, Tel.: 04-543880, Fax: 04-544949, Beirut. Private Addr.: Rabieh, Villa Fadel, Lebanon. FADEL (Robert, Maurice), Civil Servant. Born in 1970. Educ.: Faculty of Political Sciences, Paris, France; Faculty of "Alina" France & Lebanon. Career: President

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cultural and social matters. Priv. Addr.: Comiche elMazraa, Jabal al- Arab Str., Dar al-Khadr'a Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-317099, Beirut, Lebanon.

Copernic, 75116 Paris, E-mail: [email protected], France. FAHD (Jean, Daoud), Judge. Born in 1955 in Achkout, Lebanon. Son of Daoud Fahd and Mrs. Daad Deriane. Married to Mrs. Maha Chartouni, 4 children: Jean-Pierre, Nadra, Marc, and Najat. Educ.: Secondary, Notre Dame Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh & St. Joseph School, Aintoura; graduated in Lebanese law and French law at the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, St. Joseph University; post-graduate studies at Paris II University, France. Dipl.: Higher Studies in Private Law (Pads II University), and Diploma in Comparative Law (Institut de Droit Comparé, France); entered the Judicial Academy Institute in 1980 and graduated in 1982. Career: Judge, District Judge at Jdeidet el-Metn Tribunal (1983-86); Counsellor in the 1st Chamber of the Court of Appeals of Mount Lebanon & Mandate Counsellor at the Prosecuting Authority in Mount Lebanon (1986-1990); District Judge at Jdeidet el-Metn tribunal, then President (1990-1994); President of the Commercial Court in Beirut (1994-2000); appointed Member and Secretary of "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature" in 30.9.1999; Attorney General at the Mount Lebanon Court of Appeals (27.9.2000-2002); President of the 4th Chamber of the Court of Appeals of Beirut (2002-2003); Attorney General for the Military Court (2004-present); lecturer at "La Sagesse" University and at the Judicial Academy Institute. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Justice, Beirut, Lebanon.

F A D L A L L A H (Hassan), Member of Parliament. Born in 1967 in Ainata - Bint Jbeil (South Lebanon). Educ.: Bachelor of Arts in Communication, Lebanese University (1989); Master in Education, University St. Joseph (1992). Career: Participated and Founded "Nour" Broadcasting, then Assumed the Directorate of Information (1998) also became General Manager (199698); Editor-in-chief of "The Testament" newspaper (199596); Took over the Directorate of Information in "Manar Television" (1991-2001); Appointed Member of Political Council of "Hezbollah" (1998-2004); Elected Deputy (2005-to date); President of Parliamentary Commission of Information and Telecommunication (2005- ). Pubi.: Published more than ten Research and Articles in Lebanese and Arab Newspapers and Magazines; Author of "Al Khayar Al Akhar, Siret Hezbollah" (1994); "Harb Al Iradat" (1997); "Soukout al Wahm" (2001). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. FADLALLAH (Sylvie), Ambassador of L e n n o n to France. Born on July 7,1948 at Siguiri (Guinea). Daughter of Edouard Dagher and Mrs. Hélène Sader. Married to Maître Georges Fadlallah, 2 children, Nada (1977), Karim (1983). Educ.: St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Licence in Political Sciences; Licence in Lebanese and French Laws; DESS in Public Law. Career: Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1974); Appointed First Secretary in Charge of Consular Affairs at Embassy of Lebanon in Paris (1978-84), then returned to the central Administration at the Office of the Secretary General (1984-85); Appointed to the Lebanese delegation at UNESCO in charge of the "Francophonie" (1985-90); Appointed Chargé d'Affaires at the Lebanese delegation to UNESCO (1990-94); Director of the Emigrants at the Central Administration of Ministry of Foreign (1995-99); Appointed First Counselor then Chargé d'Affaires at the Lebanese Embassy in France (1999-2002); Promoted to Ambassador (2 July 2003) then appointed Ambassador of Lebanon to France (Aug. 2003-) and Ambassador non resident to Andura Emirates. She was Head of the Lebanese delegation at the Conference of Paris about the interdiction of the Chemical Arms in 1989. President of Arab Group in UNESCO (1991-92); Head of the Lebanese delegation at the International Conference of Education in Geneva (1992). Head of the Commission in charge of editing the documents of the "IXème Sommet de la Francophonie" (Beyrouth, 2003). Award: Officer of the Order of Merit. Sport Practised: Footing. Hobbies: Music, reading. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Lebanon, 3, Villa Copernic, 75116 Paris, France, Tel.: +331-40677575. Priv. Addr.: 42, rue

FAKHOURY (Oussama, Ra if), Cardiologist, former Deputy. Born on 8 May 1928 in Beirut. Son of Raif Fakhoury and Mrs., née Ihsan Tabbara. Married on 8 Sept. 1965 to Miss Ginette Mucci, 2 children: Ziad (Surgeon) and Nada. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate), M.D. from Montpellier University (France), French National diploma of cardiology. Career: cardiologist at al-Makassed hospital, at St. Charles Borromeo hospital and at al-Sihha hospital; Elected Deputy (1992-96). Pubi.: Thesis "The shrinking of lungs artery". Member: French cardiology society. Sports: Swimming and judo. Hobby: Classical music and reading. Priv. Addr.: Ras Beirut, Labban Str., Kobtane & Mogharbel Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-785401, Beirut, Lebanon. FAKHRY (Raffoul, Michel), Chairman and director of companies. Born in July 1913 in New Zealand. Son of Michel Fakhry (merchant) and Mrs., née Marthe Geagea. Married in 1942 to Miss Yolande Merhi, 5 children: Michel, Christiane, Claude, Jeanine and Jean-Pierre. Educ.: Sacred-Heart College, Central School of Paris. Dipl.: B.Sc. Eng. from Central School of Arts and Manufactures (Paris). Career: Engineer, Chairman of "Société d'Expansion Technique et Industrielle" (Seti Charles Keller) S.A.L., of Orient Credit Bank SAL; 125

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Former Member of "Kadisha", of "Bared", CLT, "Teleliban"; Vice President of "Projects Holding". Member: Beirut Club. Hobby: Classical music. Prof. Addr.: Verdun Str., Salim Saab Bldg., P.O.Box 3025, Tel.: 01-354292, 354293, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sports City, Tel.: 01-312787, Beirut, Lebanon.

reading, music. Member: American Sociological Association, Population Association of America, International Statistical Institute and Arab Demographers Association. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. FARAH (Augustin, Joseph, H.E. Mgr.), Archbishop. Born "Nicolas" in 1910 at Qara (Syria). Son of Joseph Farah and Mrs., née Salma Layouss. Educ.: Primary at Qara, secondary at St. John Convent (Khonshara), higher at St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate) (1932), doctorate of theology (1942). Career: Joined the Order of Shouerite Basilian Fathers (2 Nov. 1922), ordained to the priesthood by H.E. Mgr. Máximos Sayegh (8 Sept. 1937), Director of seminarists (1940), Principal St. Jean seminary and professor of French and Latin in the said seminary (1940), Principal St. Jean seminary and professor of French and Latin in the said seminary (1940-46), Professor of philosophy at the Oriental College of Zahlé (1946), Acting Superior St. Elie Convent of Zahlé (1947-48), elected Superior General of the Order of Shuerite Basilian Fathers (15 Dec. 1949), visited France and the Vatican (1951), reelected Superior General of the said Order (1956), elected Archbishop of Tripoli in 1961. Pubi.: Author of a thesis on "The Holy Spirit according to the teaching of St. Basile" Resid.: Greek-Catholic Archbishopric, P.O.Box 72 (Tripoli), Tel.: 06-621602, 431602, Tripoli, North Lebanon.

FAKIH (Ali Mohamed), President of Research and Guidance Committee. Born in 1953. Educ.: Licence in Law and in Political Sciences. Career: Headmaster, Inspector Assistant Manager at the Central Inspection, third class (1994), Inspector, 2nd class (2000); Followed three Sessions in Management Promotion at the American University of Beirut (1994, 1995, 1998); Occupied many posts in several Ministries and several Management Institutions in South Lebanon and Nabatieh, Lebanon. Presently President of Research and Guidance Committee. Prof. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. FAKIH (Najib, Salim, al-), Lawyer, president of municipal council. Born in 1925 at Aley (Lebanon). Son of Salim al-Fakih and Mrs., née Zarifé al-Fakih. Married in 1962 to Miss Ghada Saab, 1 child: Rola. Educ.: French Lycée, American University of Beirut (French section), French Law Faculty. Dipl.: LL.B. from the said faculty (1951). Career: Lawyer (1951), elected member (1952), then president (end of 1954) of Aley Municipal Council. Award: Gold Medal, Lebanese Order of Merit. Member: Council of Druze Community. Hobby: Reading. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Mousseitbeh, Sibai Str., al-Mama Str., Abdel Azizi al-Bahr Bldg., 1st floor (near Unesco), Tel.: 01300831, 818484, Beirut, Lebanon.

FARAH (Michel, Petraki), Former diplomat. Born in 1914 in Beirut. Son of Petraki Farah. Married to Miss Tueni. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: B.A., LL.B. Graduate School of Political Sciences. Career: Lawyer (1936-47); Chief of UNO services of Treaties and Legal Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Chargé d'Affaires in the Lebanese Embassy to Athens, to Liberia, Lebanese Consul General in Cyprus; Legal adviser at Central Administration; London Embassy counsellor; Chargé d'Affaires then Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Berne (Switzerland) (1965-71); Director of International Relations at the Central Administration (1971-75); Ambassador; Chief of Protocol and Public Relations at the Presidency of the Republic (1975-77). Awards: Education Officer (France); Grand Officer, St. George Order; Grand Officer, Order of St. Peter and Paul; Grand Officer, St. Marc Order. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

FAOUR (Muhammad), Professor. Born on 1 Dec. 1952 in Beirut. Son of Ali Faour (Auto workshop owner) and Mrs., née Suad Burdukani. Married in 1979 to Basma Jadayel, 2 children, Jana (1980), Samer (1987). Educ.: International College; American University of Beirut; University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), USA. Dipl.: B.Sc. in Biology and Chemistry (1977), M.A. In Sociology (1979) and Ph.D. in Sociology (demography) (1983). Career: Statistician in charge of Health Information Unit at the Ministry of Health (1983-84); Assistant Professor of Sociology, A.U.B. (1984-89); Associate Professor (19902001); Consultant to a number of NGOS and UN agencies; Chairman, Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, A.U.B (1986-89 & 1996-99); Deputy Vice-President for Regional External Programs since Oct. 2001 and Executive Manager, Kingdom Schools, Riyadh since June 2001. Pubi.: Three books: "The Silent Revolution in Lebanon: Changing Values of the Youth"; "The Arab World After Desert Storm"; "University Students in Lebanon: Background and Attitudes" (in arabic, co-author Adnan el-Amine); in addition to a number of monographs, articles in professional journals and chapters in books. Sports: Jogging, swimming. Hobbies: Arabic poetry,

FARAH (Naoum), Attorney-at-Law. Born on May 20, 1947 in Beirut. Son of Toubia Farah (Engineer) and Mrs., born Laudy Massoud. Married in 1983 to Miss Denise elKhoury Youssef. Two Sons: Toubia, Zahi. Educ..: NotreDame de Jamhour College (Jesuits); St. Joseph University (School of Law); Ecole Française Supérieure des Lettres. Dipl.: L.L.B. (Lebanese and French Diplomas in Law); Ph.D. Studies Diploma in Law (St. Joseph University and Lyon University); B.A. Philosophy (Lyon University).

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Career: Journalist, "Le Jour" and "L'Orient-Le Jour"; Foreign Correspondent (1967-71); Attomey-at-Law (1971); Member of the Council Command and Head of the Foreign Relations Department of the Lebanese Forces (1978-85); Founder and member of the Lebanese Christian Democratic Union (1979); Member of the Lebanese Commission of the World Maronite Union (1980); Founder & Vice-President, Association for the Promotion of the German Lebanese Friendship (Bonn, 1981); Special Adviser to H.E the President of the Republic (1982); Member of the "High Committe for the Development of the Lebanese Industrial Exportations" under the auspices of the President of the Republic (1987); Founder & Member of the Association for Solidarity of French Speaking Lawyers in Lebanon; ExSecretary General of The Association for the Constitution and Liberty in Lebanon. Pubi.: Articles on politics and communication law in "L'Orient-Le Jour", "Magazine", "Travaux et Jours", "Politique Internationale" (Paris), etc. Hobbies: Research in politics, history, philosophy & communication. Addr.: P.O.Box 16-7055 Ashrafieh, Beirut 1100-2180, Lebanon. E-mail.: [email protected].

Construction de Commerce Sodeco"; of "La société Libanaise pour l'Industrie de Verres et Porcelaine" (Soliver), Cie. Arabo-Européene de verre "al-Machrek" S.A.L., Member of the Board of société de Promotion Immobilière au Kesrouan "SOPIK" S.A.L. Award: Commdr., St. Sylvester Order (1964). Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box. 165616, Ashrafieh, Sodeco Ave., Bldg., No. 4, Tel.: 01-612261, 614169, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Jounieh, Ghadir, Bkerke Str., Fares Bldg., Tel.: 09-915303, 934063, Fax: 09-835595, Jounieh, Lebanon. FARES (Issam), Former Member of Parliament, former Deputy Prime Minister, Businessman. Born in 1937 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Mikhael Georges Fares and Mrs., née Sara Salloum Hanna. Married to Hala Fares, 4 children: Michel, Najad, Fares & Nour. Educ.: Faculty of Tripoli (Now Educational Center Daoud Karam); Doctorate in Economy from American and International Universities. Career: Started his career with Abela Group in Lebanon and abroad; in 1975 became owner of an important contracting company; Presently, Chairman in several worldwide companies (U.S.A., Switzerland, Holland and Lebanon); Worldwide Social and Benevolent Activities through the "Issam Fares Foundation"; Elected Deputy (1996); Appointed Deputy Prime Minister (2001-2004). Awards: Distinctions and Medals from several Countries. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Charles Malek Avenue, Sofil Center, Bloc C, 4th floor, P.O.Box 165169, Tel.: 01-201772, 201755, Beirut, Lebanon.

FARAH (Soleiman), Diplomat. Born on 27 June 1933 at Zahlé (Lebanon). Son of Wadih Farah Maalouf (Landlord) and Mrs., née Isabelle Skaff. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut; American University of Beirut; Faculty of Law, St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Degree in French and Lebanese Law. Practiced Law (1957-60). Career: Head of the Financial Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1960-61); Head of Africa and Asia Department, and Head of the America Department (1961-62); Chargé d'Affaires in Nigeria (1962-64); First Secretary in Washington (1964-68); Chargé d'Affaires in Japan (1969-70); Head of the Immigrants Department (1970-72); General Consul of Lebanon in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil (1973-78); Ambassador of Lebanon in Ottawa, Canada (Nov. 24,1978 - Mar. 3,1983); Chief of Protocol at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beirut (1983-84); Chief of Protocol at the Presidency of the Republic, (Dec. 1984. till Sept. 1985); Ambassador of Lebanon to Tunisia and Permanent Delegate of Lebanon to the Arab League (1985-90); Ambassador of Lebanon to Tunisia 1990 and Dean of the diplomatic Corps in Tunis till 27 July 1997. Sports: Swimming, riding and tennis. Priv. Addr.: Saydat el-Najat Str., Zahlé, Lebanon.

FARES (Jean), University Professor - Mathematics. Born on Nov. 19,1954 at Ain Herche (Rachaya), Bekaa, Lebanon. Son of Selim Fares (deceased) and Mrs. Ratiba el-Khoury. Married on Dec. 27, 2001 in Mansourieh to Miss Nadine Jabbour, two children: Marc (Nov.2002) and Bruno (May 2004). Educ.: The University of Wisconsin Madison, USA (1981-88); The Lebanese University, Lebanon - Faculty of Science (1974-79); The Lebanese University, Lebanon - Faculty of Education (1974-79); Public Secondary School, Beirut, Lebanon (Bacc II. Elem. Math, 1974). Dipl.: Ph.D. in Mathematics, emphasis Algebraic Topology (1988); Maîtrise en Mathématique (1979); Licence en Mathématique (Faculty of Education, Lebanese University, 1978); Licence en Mathématique (Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, 1978). Career: Teaching Assistant while preparing Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin, USA (1984-88); Full-time Math Professor at the Lebanese University (1988-94); Part-time Math teacher at Lebanese American University (LAU) (formerly Beirut University College) - Amchit (1990-91); Dean of the School of Science at Notre-Dame University (NDU), (1992-93); Chairman of all academic programs, Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences (FN&AS), NDU (1994-95); Chairman of the Mathematics Department, FN&AS, NDU (1994-2001); Dean of the FN&AS, NDU (2001- present). Other Information: Was Agranted two Scholarships; one

FARES (Georges, Charles), Lawyer, director of companies. Born in 1924 in Alexandria (Arab Republic of Egypt). Son of Charles Fares (merchant) and Mrs., née Charlotte Chahwane. Married in 1952 to Miss Maggy Barakat, 4 children: Charles, Pierre, Paul and Fady. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer since 1944 "Georges & Charles Fares" Law Firm; Director of "La Compagnie Libanaise de Téléphérique et d'Expansion Touristique"; former Member of "société de

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has been chosen: 1- one from the Faculty of Science, L.U., to do Ph.D. (1980); 2- the other from the Faculty of Education, L.U., to do Ph.D. (1980). Prof. Addr.: NotreDame University, Zouk Mikael, P.O.Box 72 (Zouk Mikael), Tel.: 09-218948, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Mansourieh, Kassouf Bldg, 3rd floor, Tel.: 04-532682, 03258590, Lebanon. E-mail: [email protected].

Presidents and Ministers; President of the Parliamentary Committee for the Interior Settlement and Human Rights; Participated in more than 200 congress, international, politic and cultral seminars. Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: +961-1-993322. FARHAT (Abdallah), Lawyer, Member of Parliament. Born in 1964 in Hammana (North Metn). Married to Rana Moghaizel. Dipl.: Licence in Law. Career: Lawyer since 1986; Lecturer at St. Joseph University; former Dean, Faculty of Law, Sagesse University. Appointed Minister of the displaced persons (2003); Elected Deputy of Baabda District (2000-to date). Pubi.: Author of several Legal Articles: " Al Wajiz fil Kanoun al Tijari", : Al Hawafez al Tachriiyah wa Daribiyah lil Istismar fi Loubnan". Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

FARES (Marwan, Farés, Dr.), Member of Parliament. Born in 1947 at Ka'a (Casa of Baalbeck) Lebanon. Educ.: Primary at Chouerites School (Ka'a), Secondary at Pauliste School in Harissa then in Saida, Master in Language and French Letters of Lebanese University (Thesis: Problème de la Liberté dans le théâtre de Camus), Doctor in Language and French literature from Université de la Sorbonne (Thesis: Teaching the French literature in Lebanon), Professor of Linguistic, Critical literary and latin Language at the Faculty of Letters (Lebanese University). Pubi.: Author of several essays and analysis published in principal arab magazines: "Ecrits contemporains" (Majalat al-Fikr), "La pensée arabe" (Majalat al-Wehdat), "La pensée arabe contemporaine". Author of several publications in french language appeared in various periodicals and magazines; Member of the Executive Council of "Union des auteurs libanaises" then Vice-President (1980); Executive Member of Bureau of "Conseil National Culturel Arab" Morocco). Culturaly: Author of plays and essays: "al-Madina" Play, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut 1977; "Discours dans la méthode" (Makalaat fil manhage), Dar al-Fikr 1980 & 1988; "De la dépendance" (fi Tabaiya) edited by the Arab Development Institute, Political Study, Beirut 1984; "Sens de la créative" (Alam el-Ibda'e), sociétés des Imprimeries pour l'Edition et la distribution, Beirut 1990; "Fragments poèmes" (Ajza'e Kassidat) Translation and Introduction of the Poet Salah Steitié; "L'eau froide gardée" (Al ma'e albared mahfouza) Translation and Introduction of the poet Salah Steitié Dar al-Sadaka Iii tibaa wal Nachr, Beirut 1994; "L'autre côté brûlé du très pur" (Aljiha Alokhra almohtarika lilbalegh Nakaa) Dar al-Jadid, Beirut 1998. Contributed in several works: International and Arabic Symposium on Gebran (nadwat Gebran al-Arabia al-Alamiyah) General Union of Writers and Arabic Men of Letters, Ithad al-Kitab, Beirut 1981; "Les régimes Arabes et la démocrate" (Annizm alArabiya wa Dimocratiya) National Council for the Culture, Rabat 1985; Seminar on the National thought facing confessional problem, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut 1981. Member of the Polit Bureau of Parti Social National Syrien (PSNS); Member of Emergency Counsel of PSNS which he has assumed the following responsabilities: General Responsible for the North of Bekaa, Cultural Responsible, Responsible of Foreign Affairs, President of Higher Counsel, Vice-president of PSNS, Responsible of Information; Elected Deputy for the Bekaa in 1996-to date; Member of the Parliamentary Education Committee; Member of the High Counsel for the judgment of

FARHAT (Hassan, Jawad), Lawyer, former magistrate, director of institute. Born in 1913 at Shiyah (Lebanon). Son of Jawad Farhat. Married in 1944 to Miss Kazma, 5 children: Dounia, Loubna, Zeina, Firas and Leila. Educ.: Secondary and higher in Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. from the French Faculty of Law of Beirut. Career: Lawyer, Member of Civil Service Council (1960-77), Director of "National Institute of Public Administration". Sport: Swimming. Priv. Addr.: Bliss Str., Talaat Sidani, Saad Bldg., Tel.: 01-348900, Beirut, Lebanon. FATFAT (Ahmed), Minister, Member of Parliament, M.D. Born in 1953 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Mohamed Khodr Fatfat. Married to Roula Mazloum, 2 children. Educ.: M.D. from Belgium. Career: Doctor in Medicine. Elected Deputy (1996-); Appointed Minister of Youth and Sports (2005- ); Appointed Minister of the Interior by Interim (2005- ). Member of the "Société royale de l'appareil digestif'(Belgium); presided the Branch of Popular Aid in Tripoli (1991-1994); Founder/Member of Cultural Circle of Denniye. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. FATFAT (Madhat), Former Diplomat. Born in 1915 at Tyre (Lebanon). Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: Ph.D. (Lit.) Career: Secretary of Arab League Council, Cultural Attache with Arab League Secretariat (1945-48); Chargé d'Affaires at Lebanese Legation in Jeddah (194850); Cultural Attache and Secretary in the Lebanese Embassy to Cairo (1950-53); seconded to Arab League as Cultural Counsellor (1953-55); Lebanese Consul-General at Port-Said (1955-57), in Cairo (1958), at Port-Said (1959); Permanent Lebanese delegate to Arab League (1960); Ambassador to Libya (1960-68); Chief of Arab League section at Central Administration (1968-70);

128

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION Ambassador to Yemen (1970-75); Ambassador to Khartoum (1975); Ambassador, Consul-General at Alexandria (Egypt); Central Administration; Retired. Awards: Commdr., National Order of Cedar; Medal of Nile Order (Egypt). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

and Mrs., née Mariam Hage. Married in 1946 to Eva Nie-miec, 2 daughters: Anne and Julia. Educ.: at American University of Beirut, University of Graz, University of Goettingen, University of Heidelberg. Dipl.: B.A., Bachelor of Arts (1933), M.S. (Master of Science 1935), Dr. Phil. (Doctor of Philosophy 1936), Dr. M e d , (Doctor of Medicine 1955) Career: Attached to American University of Beirut since 1939, Professor and Chairman of Pharmacology, A . U . B , School of Medicine 1953-84; (1946-47) Rockefeller Fellow in Chemistry, Harvard University; (1962-63) Visiting Professor of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley. Works: Author of many studies on biologically important phosphorus compounds, diuretics, cardio-vascular drugs, antimalarials. Awards: Cross of merit (first class) 1964; Grand Cross of Merit 1974 (Federal Republic of Germany); Golden Medal, Lebanese Order of Physicians 1993; Cedars Medal, Commander Class, Government of Lebanon 1994. Corresponding member of German Pharmacological Society, member German Biochemical Society, member Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, Bliss Str., P.O.Box 236, Tel.: 01-350000, 865250, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Maamari Str., Saidi B l d g , Tel.: 01-350533, Ras Beirut, Lebanon.

FATFAT (Muhammad, Khodr), Landowner, former Deputy. Born in 1918 at Sir (North Lebanon). Son of Khodr Fatfat. Educ.: Secondary. Career: Landowner, Elected deputy for North Lebanon in 1960, elected deputy for Tripoli Caza in Mar. 1968. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Mtein Str./ Sawafiyeh Str., Safa'a Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 06627227, Tripoli, North Lebanon. FATTAL (Hubert), Honorary Consul General of Sweden in Lebanon. Born on Oct. 22, 1970 in Beirut. Son of Bernard Fattal, Chairman of KFF and Mrs., née MarieChristine el-Asfar. Educ.: French High School, Paris; Parsons School of Design, Paris; Goldsmith's College, London. Dipl.: B.A. in Fine Arts (Bachelor's Degree), M.A. in Fine Arts (Master's Degree). Career: Honorary Consul of Sweden in Zahlé, Lebanon (Oct.93-June 2001); Honorary Consul General of Sweden in Lebanon (since July 2001-). Hobby: Arts. Prof. Addr.: Sin el-Fil, Beirut, Tel.: 01-485489, Fax: 01-512118. Priv. Addr.: Mansourieh, el-Metn, Tel.: 04-401529, Lebanon.

FAWAZ (Mohamad, Youssef), Civil engineer. Born on 11 Jan. 1931 at Tibnine (South Lebanon). Son of Youssef Fawaz and M r s , née Naifeh Dakroub. Married in 1959 in Paris to Miss Samira Jamal Eddine, 3 children: Youssef, Malik and Nabil. Educ.: la Sagesse College, Beirut higher school of engineering, Roads and Bridges National School (Paris). Dipl.: B.Eng. from ESIB of Beirut 1954, and ENPC of Paris (1959). Career: Studies and undertakings in Saudi Arabia (1955-57), Studies Town-Planning service chief (1959-61), Studies service chief in the Major Projects Executive Council (1961-65), General Director in the Ministry of Hydraulic and Electric Resources (1965-74), General Director of TownPlanning (Mar. 1974-93), President, Executive Council for Major Projects (1993-99), Consulting Engineer since 1999. Pubi: Author of "Hydraulic Policy" in Lebanon (in Arabic), " T h e D e v e l o p m e n t Plan of L e b a n o n " (in Arabic), and 95 articles in the fields of Water, TownPlanning, Environment and Housing. Member: E.N.C.P. (Paris) Graduates Association, IME (Institut Méditerranéen de L'Eau), AIDA (Association International du Droit des Eaux), Member and Past President, Rotary Club of Beirut. Dist.: Chevalier de la Légion d ' H o n n e u r de la République Française, Commendatore dell O r d i n o "Al Merito della República Italiana". H o b b y : Reading. Prof. Addr.: B T U T P Casablanca B l d g , Bir Hassan, Tel./Fax: 01-826051, 826046, 820472, Beirut and P.O.Box 13-5140, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ras an-Nabeh, Mahmassani Str., Srouji

FATTOUCHE (Nicolas, Michel), former Minister, Deputy. Born in Zahlé, 1943. Son of Michel Fattouche. Educ.: St. Joseph University. Dipl.: LL.B. (1967), D.E.A. in Law (1969), D.E.A. in Law from Université d'AixMarseilles, France (1971). Career: Lawyer since 1970; Member of the Municipality of Zahlé (1991-1998); Legal Councellor to several instructions; Professor at the St. Joseph University of Beirut; Elected Deputy of Zahlé (1992-); Minister of Tourism (Oct. 1992- Dec. 1998); Chairman of the Middle East Committee in the World Tourism Organization. M e m b e r of the Lebanese Association of Writers. Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Zahlé, Lebanon. FATTOUH (Ahmad), Lawyer, Member of Parliament. Born in 1946 in Baaloul (West Bekaa-Rachaya). Married to Salma Mohamed Fakih, 3 children: one boy and two daughters. Educ.: Faculty of Law. Dipl.: Bachelor in Law(L.L.B.). Career: Lawyer, Appointed Member of the Board at Government Zahle Hospital; Presented himself as Deputy in the Lebanese Parliament in 2000 but did not succeeded ; Elected Deputy for the West Bekaa in 2005 to date. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. FAWAZ (George, Amin), Pharmacologist, Honorary Professor Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, American University of Beirut. Born 22 Nov. 1913 in Deirmimas (Lebanon). Son of Dr. Amin Fawaz

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FAWAZ

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 have three children: Alphonse (1974), Alexandre (1977), Rodrigue (1980). Educ.: Secondary at "Collège des Apôtres", Jounieh; St. Joseph University, Lebanon (B.A., Lebanese Law, 1962); Lyon University, France (B.A., French Law, 1963). Admitted to the Lebanese Ba>·, 1963; Geneva Bar, Switzerland, 1977; Paris Bar, France, 1984. Have a Law Firm in Beirut, Lebanon, since 1963, grouping a big number of lawyers. Have strong professional relations in the Arab and African countries. Took part in many international legal conventions in Washington, Rome and Paris. Area of Specialization: Law firm specialized in Banking and Insurance, Mergers and Acquisitions, General Business Transactions, International Arbitration, Intellectual Property, Real Estate Law, Family and Inheritance Laws, Environmental Law, Employment and Labor Law, Public Law, Criminal Law, Corporate Law. Member: IREL (Institut de Recherches et d'Etudes Libanaises). President: Association d'Amitié LibanoBrésilienne, Conseil Culturel du Kesrouan, Founder and Member: Arabie Cultural Academy. Governor: Lions Clubs, District 351, Lebanon-Jordan, and founder of many Lions and Leo clubs in Lebanon. General Honorary Consul of the Central African Republic in Lebanon. Lang.: Arabic, English, French and Portuguese. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Yachting. Honors and Awards: "Ordre de Mérite Rio Branco" Government of Brazil, et la Médaille "Tricentenaire de Saint Petersbourg", décernée par le Président de la Fédération de Russie. Publ./Articles: "The Environment" Magazine. Writing Environmental, cultural and law articles in many Arabic newspapers and magazines. Full Addr.: Badaro Str., Beydoun Bldg.. 2nd floor, Beirut, Lebanon. Jounieh, Fenianos Center, P.O.Box 244 Jounieh, Lebanon. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: Off.: +961 9 914692-+961 1 384565- Fax: +961 9 912313+961 1 384865- Mobile : +961 3 351555.

Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-668668, 03-370377, Beirut, Lebanon. FAWAZ (Said, Muhammad), Lawyer, former director of ministry, former deputy, legal adviser. Born in 1912 at Tebnine (South Lebanon). Son of Muhammad Fawwaz and Mrs., née Sania Fawwaz. Married in 1959 to Miss Saad Zakhour, 2 children: Imam and Farah. Educ.: American University of Beirut (French Section), University of Lausanne (Switzerland). Dipl.: LL.B. from Lausanne University. Career: Director of Ministry of National Economy (1944-54), lawyer (1955-60), legal adviser to "al-Bared Electricity Co." and "Electricity Transport Co.", re-elected deputy for Bint Jbayl (Mar. 1968). Award: Officer, National Order of Cedar. Sport: Swimming. Priv. Addr.: Midhat Pasha Str., Abroyan Bldg., 1st floor, Sanayeh, Tel.: 01-736803, 03-861999, Beirut, Lebanon. FAYAD (Alexandre Gabriel Pres., Dr.), former State counsellor. Born on 15 May 1935 in Beirut. Son of Gabriel Fayad and Mrs., née Hélène Trad. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B., LL.D. Career: Lawyer (1959-62), State Counsellor since 1962 till 2003) then retired, Legal Counsel to Ministry of Civil Defence. Pubi: Wrote a number of books including "La fin anticipée de la concession des Services Publics" (Termination of public utilities concessions), "Les Droits de l'Homme et leur Protection" (Man's Rights and their Protection), "La Magistrature et le Barreau: un pas ou un faux pas?" (Magistracy and the Bar: step forward or stumble?). Award: Officer of St. Marc Order. Hobbies: Interior decoration and painting. Prof. Addr.: Sami el-Solh Avenue, Palace of Justice, 5th floor, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Lebanon Str., near Annonciation Church, Villa Fayad, Tel.: 01-219408, Beirut, Lebanon.

FERNAINE (Georges, Emile), Businessman and Honorary Consul of the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) in Lebanon. Born on 29 Aug. 1935 in Beirut. Son of Emile Femaine and Mrs., née Adrienne Néjib Femaine. Married to Claude Triolet on 4 Dec. 1978, 1 child: Marielle. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Bachelor's Degree. Career: Founder, Coproprietor and General Manager of société Générale du Commerce et de Crédit "GEFCO"; former member of the board of many other financial, commercial and real estatè companies. Award: St. Sepulcher Order. Member: General Honorary Secretary of the Consulate Corps since 1974; PastGovernor (1970-82) of the International Association of Lions Clubs and Past President of the Coast Lion's Club (1963); Deputy Chairman of St. Georges University Hospital, former member of trustee of many Social Associations. Sports: Tennis and swimming. Prof. Addr.: St. Joseph University Str., Saade Bldg., P.O.Box. 175263, Tel: 01-331364, 331365, Fax: 01-326584, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Tel.: 01-215418, Fax: 01-215458. Priv.

FEGHALI (Jeanette), Lyrical artist. See SABAH. FELTMAN (Jeffrey D.), Ambassador of U.S.A. to Lebanon. Married to Dayel Drayber. Career: Joined the Diplomatic Corps in 1986, worked at several Diplomatic posts as well as at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and at Embassies; Coordinated the American Support in the Middle and Eastern Europe with the Former Minister of Foreign Affairs Laurence Eagleburger; Responsible of Economic Affairs at the Embassy of USA in Israel (199598); Transferred to the U.S. Embassy in Tunis (19982000); Vice President, General Consul in Jerusalem; Returned to Washington then appointed Ambassador of U.S.A. to Lebanon. Addr.: Embassy of U.S.A., Awkar, Tel: 04-542600, 544130, Lebanon. FENIANOS (Camille), Attorney-at-Law. Born on Dec. 3,1939. Son of Alphonse Fenianos, and Mrs., Born Celeste Adaimi. Married to Miss Regina Zogheib, they 130

FEYROUZ

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION Summer Addr. Kornet Chahwan, Tel.: 04-925753, Fax: 04-911280, Lebanon.

Garden Arena. The mayor of the city proclaimed Saturday the 15th of May as: "Fayrouz Day" In Canada, she sang at the La Place des Arts in Montreal and the O'Keef Center for the performing Arts in Toronto. In 1984 she went to Australia performing in Mel-boura and Sydney. She performed in all countries throughout the Middle East, appearing every year at the Damascus International Fair and in 1984 in The Bosra Festival in Syria. In 1989, she sang at the Pyramids ofGuizeh. She performed in Tunis, Iraq, Bahrain, Algeria, Dubai, Sharga, Abou Dhabi, Kuwait, Jordan -Jarash -, Quatar, Morocco... Every year, on Good Friday it became a tradition for her to sing the Holy Hymns in the Antetias Church in Lebanon. In Nov. 1981, she sang in a private concert in the lobby of the United Nations building, in the presence of the Ambassadors from all over the world, accompanied by the Symphony Orchestra of the U.N. directed by Joseph Eager. Feature Films: 1964 Baya'a al Khawatem, directed by Youssef Chahine; 1967 Safar Barlic and in 1968 Bint El Hariss, directed by Henry Barakat. Albums: She has more than 850 songs in her unique repertoire. She is believed to be the most recordselling female artist in the Middle East. Documentary: Feyrouz in America and Canada (1971) produced by Parker and Associates. Feyrouz Legend and Legacy (1981) produced by the Forum International Art & Culture, Washington D.C. Feyrouz La plus grande Dame de Γ Orient by Frederic Mitterand produced by Arte and Morgane Production. Musical Plays, composed for Feyrouz, by the Rahbani brothers: "Jisr el-Kamar" (1962); "Al Layl Wa'l Kandil" (1963); "Baya'a Al Khawatem" (1964); "Ayam Fakhreddine" (1966); "Hala Wal Malik" (1968); "Al Shakhs" (1969); "Jibal Al Sawan" (1969); "Ya'Ihs Ya'ish" (1970); "Sah El Norn" (1971); "Nas Min Warak" (1972); "Natouret El Mafatih" (1972); "Al Mahatta" (1973); "Kasidat Hob" (1973); "Loulou" (1974); "Mais El Rim" (1975); "Petra" (1977). Decor.: Lebanese Order of Merit; The Medal of Honor; The King Hussein Gold Medal in 1963 and 1975; Jordan Medal of Syrian Merit First Class in 1967; Special King Hussein Gold Medal of Honor in 1999; Jordan Com-mandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1988; France Chevalier De La Legion d'Honneur in 1996. France: The Highest National Medal of Honor in 1999. Tunis: She has been offered the symbolic key to almost all the cities she visited, most notably, the golden key of Jerusalem, in 1968. A memorial stamp was issued in 1969 bearing her picture. Her first public appearance after the war was over in Lebanon, took place on Sept. 1994 in the former downtown Beirut. This "Come Back" after 17 years of not performing in Lebanon, was an overwhelming success. This inspirationa 1 event will remain in the hearts and minds of all and will go down in Lebanese history as one of the most memorable occasions in the last fifty years. Addr.: Ghandour's Bldg., Raouché, Beirut. Tel.: 01-808888; Feyrouz Bldg.,

FERZLI (Elie Najib), Former Deputy-Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament. Born on Nov. 22, 1948 in Zahlé, Lebanon. Son of Najib Ferzli (LLB). Married to Olga Chafíc Skaff. Educ.: Brummana High School; International College; American University of Beirut (1967-68); Lebanese University (1969-72). Dipl.: Licence in Law, Lebanese University (1972) specialized in Criminal Sciences. Career: Training at his Father's Office; Practiced Law until 1975 and Politician since; Established "Zahlé Bekaa Front" (1986) Member of "Higher Zahlé Committee", "Bekaa National and Development Committee"; Member of the Board of "Tall Chiha Hospital"; Secretary of Foreign Relations of the Orthodoxe Community in Zahlé and the Bekaa; Appointed Deputy in 1991; Elected Deputy (1992-2005); Elected Deputy-Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament (1992-2005); Minister of Information (2004-2005) . Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. FEYROUZ (Pseudo Haddad, Nohad, Wadi'), Our "Ambassadress to the stars" Lyric Artist. Born in 1934 in Beirut. Daughter ofWadi' Haddad and Liza Boustany. Married: in 1955 to Assi el-Rahbani, Four children: Ziad, Haly, Layal and Rima. Educ.: St. Joseph School, alMaaref School. Dipl.: Certificat National. Conservatoire of Musique (song-solfeggio). Career: Lyric Artist. Sole interpreter of the "Rahbani brothers" songs (Assi, her husband and his brother Mansour); Her fame in the Arab world began with the recording, in 1953, of her song "Itab". Her launch to stardom and fame was guaranteed the following year after the release of her record "Raja'a". A Star was born; Leading lady of the "Lebanese Popular Troop", she performed at the Baal-beck International Festival in: 1957, 1959, 1962, 1966, 1969, 1972, 1973. After 25 years, her "Come back" in 1998 at Baalbeck, consisting of six concerts, directed by was an unprecedented success! At the Cedar's Festival, she performed, in 1 9 6 4 , 1 9 6 7 , 1 9 6 9 . She went on the stage in: Rio de Janeiro, San Paolo and Buenos Aires. In England, she appeared in 1962 at the London Albert Hall, at the London Palladium, and Manchester in 1979 and at the Royal Festival Hall in 1986. In France, she performed in 1976 at the Olympia and in 1989 at Bercy. She went to the United States, in 1971,1981,1987 and in 1999; performing at Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center in New York, the J.F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, the Boston Symphony Hall in Boston and the Music Hall in Houston. She appeared in Cleveland at the Music Hall and in Detroit at the Masonic Temple. She has also performed at the "Shrine Civic Auditorium" in L.A., the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall and the Masonic Auditorium in San Francisco. In May of 1999 she performed in Las Vegas at the M.G.M. Grand 131

FNEICHE

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 Commercial Bank of Syria and Lebanon, also Lawyer, Counsellor of the same Bank. Sports: Swimming, walking, physical culture. Prof. Addr.: Riad el-Solh, Place Riad el-Solh, Repco Bldg., 4th floor, (Beirut). Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Maasarani Bldg., 2nd floor, Nasra Str., (near Rizk Hospital), Tel.: 01-324924, Beirut, Lebanon.

Highway road, Tel.: 04-412779, Rabieh, Lebanon. FNEICHE (Muhammad, Abdulmuttalib), Deputy, Minister, Born in Maarub, Tyre district, 1953. Married to Hanane Salman, 7 children: Yasser, Hamze, Fatimah, Ali, Rida, Zeinab and Mariam. Educ.: Religious, Private and Official Schools, Lebanese University. Dipl.: Licence in Mathematics, and in Political Sciences. Career: Professor, Member of "Hezbollah" Party, Elected Deputy of Tyre (1992 and 1996) and reelected (2000-); Member of the Parliamentary Commissions for Information and P.T.T. and of the Development and Reconstruction plan, Appointed Minister of Water and Energy (2005- ). Hobbies: Reading, Sport. Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

FRANGIEH (Robert, Suleiman), Politician. Born in 1949. Son of President Suleiman Frangieh and Mrs., née Iris Hindelly. Educ.: College des Frères-Apôtres Jounieh, Lycée Français, American University of Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Residence Frangieh, Zghorta, Tel.: +961.9.661666, 661668, Lebanon. FRANGIEH (Samir, Hamid), Journalist, Member of Parliament. Born on Dec. 4, 1945 in Zghorta, Lebanon. Married to Anne Mourani, 2 children: Samer and Hala. Career: Journalist at "L'Orient" (1970), "L'Orient-le-Jour" (1971-75), "Le Monde Diplomatique", "Libération", "Espery", "Financial Times", "Africasia"; Editor of "The North"; Writer in An-Nahar Newspaper, As-Saphir and l'Orient-le Jour; Joined the Communist Party which withdrew in 1967; Founder of the Lebanese Communist Union which was dissolved in 1970; Former Member of National Movement Center; Member of Kornet Chahwan Assembly (2001); Elected Deputy of Zghorta (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

FRAIFER (Rizkallah), Former chief of cabinet at general security. Born on 28 July 1947 in Batroun, Kfarhay. Son of Michel Fraifer (Brigadier General) and Mrs., née Haddad. Married on 21 Jan. 1982 with Miss Frida Alfred Attié. Educ.: College des Frères; Université St. Joseph, Beirut; Université Jean Moulin (Lyon-France); Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Police (Saint Cyr au Montd'Or). Dipl.: LL.B. (U.S.J., Beirut); Docteur d'Etat, (Université Jean Moulin, France); M.A., Political Science (U.S.J., Beirut); Graduated, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Police (Saint Cyr au Mont-d'Or). Career: Followed many stages of performances in Police (Japan, U.S.A., France); Chief of Inspection, General Security (1977-78); General Commissionner, Chief of Cabinet of General Directorate of General Security (1978-98); State Counsellor (1998-); Professor of Commercial Law at Lebanese University. Pubi.: Published with Dr. Ghaleb Ghanem the Book "Les fondements juridiques, financiers, fiscaux et comptables de la TVA". Sports: Tennis, horseriding, waterskiing. Hobby: Political reading of any kind. Prof. Addr.: Sami Solh Avenue, Palace of Justice Bldg., Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sioufi, Ghazalieh Str., Succar-ieh Bldg., 3rd floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

FRANGIEH (Suleiman, Tony), Former Minister and former member of parliament. Born on Oct. 18, 1964 in Zghorta, North Lebanon. Son of late Tony Frangieh (former Minister, and Mrs., née Vera Qardahi. Married in 1983 to Marianne Sarkis, 2 children; Divorced and Remarried to Miss Rima Korkofi on July 20, 2003. Educ.: Secondary. Career: Political Activity since 1982, Minister of State (Dec. 1990-May 1992); Minister for Housing and Cooperatives (May 1992-Oct. 1992); Minister of State for Municipal and Rural Affairs (Oct.l992-May 1995); Minister of Health (Nov. 7, 1996Dec. 1998); Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Housing & Cooperatives (Dec. 1998-2001); Minister of Health (2001-2003); Minister of the Interior(2003-2004). Member of the Lebanese Parliament (June 7, 1991-2005). Addr.: Zghorta, Lebanon.

FRANCIS (Wadi', Bichara), Singer and Composer. See as-Safi (Wadi'). FRANGIEH (Antoine, Hanna), Lawyer. Born on July 19, 1935 in Ehden (Lebanon). Son of Hanna Frangieh (Landowner) and Mrs., née Lamia Frangieh. Married on 7 Feb. 1970 to Miss Aida Younes, 2 children: Joumana and Hala. Educ.: College of the Brothers of Christian Schools, St. Joseph University of the Jesuit Fathers. Dipl.: LL.B. in French Law, LL.B. in Lebanese Law, Diploma of SocioPsychology (Paris), Diploma of Economical & Financial Sciences (London). Career: Lawyer, member of the Bar of Beirut in 1957, worked with president of barristers Edmond Gaspard from 1957 to 1964; In 1965 opened his own law office, elected in 1974 member of the board of the

FRAYHA (Nemer), Former President of the Educational Center for Research and Development. Born on Oct. 10, 1952 at Kfarzabad (Lebanon). Son of Mansour Frayha and Mrs. Latifeh Frayha. Married to Norma Khoury, 3 children: Khouloud, Asil, Ghinwa, Educ.: Stanford University (U.S.A.), Lebanese University (Faculty of Pedagogy). Dipl.: P.H.D. in Education (Curriculum and Teacher Education), M.A. in Political Science (International Relations), Diploma in Education/

132

FREM

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION B.A. in History. Career: (1985-99): Assistant Professor at the Lebanese University, Faculty of Pedagogy; (1991-94): Dean of Humanities and Associate Professor at NotreDame University (Lebanon); (1971-73), (1978-80): Social Studies Instructor at Public and Private Schools. Prof. Addr.: ECRD, P.O.Box 55264 Sin el-Fil, Tel.: 01-683088, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ballouneh, Tel.: 03-206108, Lebanon.

the Ecumenical Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Athens. Prof. Addr.: Dar as-Sayad S.A.L, P.O.Box: 11-1038, Hazmieh, Beirut, Tel: +961-5-450406,457261, Fax: +9615-452700, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. FREIGE (Nabil de), Member of Parliament. Born on Aug. 31, 1955 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Maya Robert Barakat, 2 children: Makram and Jihane. Educ.: Higher Institute for Administration and Commerce, Paris (197580). Career: Member of the Board of Agricultural Research Institute (1989-2000); President of Protection Association and Eugenics for Arab Horses (Champs de Courses) since Feb. 1998; Elected Deputy of Beirut II (2000-to date); President of Parliamentary C o m m i s s i o n of National Economy, Industry and Planning (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

FREIHA (Bassam, Said), Lebanese politician & Publisher. Born on Nov. 26, 1939 in Beirut. Son of Said Freiha (Journalist) and Mrs. Hassiba Freiha. Divorced, 3 children. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A in Political Science 1961. Career: Publisher & Chief Executive Officer for Dar as-Sayad S.A.L (publishing house) since 1962. Pubi.: "as-Sayad" a political weekly magazine (1956); "Achabakah" Social feature weekly magazine (1956); "al-Anwar" political daily newspaper (1959); "Weekly Observer" marketing and advertising English language magazine (1970); "Samar" teenage photo-story monthly magazine (1973); "al-Idari" management monthly magazine (1974); "Arab Defence" Journal monthly magazine (1976); "Background Reports" monthly Political economic and social report (1978); "Fairuz" Int'l women's monthly magazine (1981); "alComputer Communication & Electronics information & tech." monthly magazine (1984); "al-Fares" men's monthly magazine (1985); "Fairuz" Lebanon women's monthly magazine (1997); Political Adviser to two Arab States; Special Envoy of the Lebanese President since the year 1977 with a cabinet status in the Government -unpaid; Ambassador of the State of Belize to the UNESCO, Paris. Honors: (Citations, awards, medals etc.,) from the Governments of Lebanon, Morocco, Jordan, Spain, Malta, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Belize, Comoro Islands, Zaire, Tunisia, Turkey and the UNESCO and from

F R E M (Fady, Joseph), Engineer. Born in 1953 in Beirut. Son of Joseph Frem (Businessman) and Gladys Diab. Married to Lena Abounader, Three children: Peter, Tracy and Tara. Educ.: College des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes, American University of Beirut, Texas A & M University, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. Dipl.: B.E. in Mechanical Engineering (1977); M.E. in Industrial Engineering (1980); Master in Business Administration (1987). Professional Qualifications: Registered professional engineer, Registered professional manager in Quebec, Canada. Career: Lebanese Forces (1975-84); General Manager of the Industrial s.a.r.l. (1987-92); General Manager of FJF Consultants R e g ' d . - M o n t r e a l , Canada (1991-96); Director, Business Develoment at INDEVCO (since 1996). Sports: Scuba diving, skiing. Hobbies: Reading, computers and soft music. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 11-2354 Beirut, Tel.: 09-230130, Fax: 09-235685, Lebanon.

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 Sport: Horseriding. Hobby: Music. Priv. Addr.: 21, Hamra Str., Tel.: 01-344751, Beirut, Lebanon and U.S.A. GEAGEA(Samir, Farid), Chief of Staff, Lebanese Forces.(also known as HAKIM). Born in 1952. Son of Farid Geagea and Mrs. Marie Geagea.Educ.:Frères, Madame Aoun's School, A.U.B, and French Faculty of Medicine(Pre-Med and 2 years A.U.B, and 2 years Medicine 5th and 6th years at the French Faculty of medicine). Career: Commander in C h i e f , Kataeb Troups in North Lebanon( 1976-1984); Commander in Chief, Lebanese Forces in North Lebanon( 1978-1985); Commander in Chief of the Chouf area(1983); Commander in Chief of the Central Units(1985); (1994) in jail for political reasons; he was liberated in 2005 by the Lebanese Parliament who passed legislation on 18 July 2005 to free Samir Geagea; He is now the President of the Executive Commitee for the Lebanese Forces Party. Hobbies:Reading and music. Address: Christ Roi, tel.:(09-218268), Al Arz, tel.:(06) 678127, (03) 222731.

G GANNAGE (Elias, Antoine), Faculty professor. Born in 1922 in Beirut. Son of Antoine Gannage. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Law Faculty). Dipl.: Ph.D. from the said university. Career: Honorary Professor at the Faculty of Economics, St. Joseph University, Beirut. Pubi: Author of "Croissance Economique et Structure au Moyen-Orient" (Economic Growth and Structure in the Middle East) (1958); "Economie du Développement" (Development Economy) (1962); "Planification et Développement Economique" (Economic Planning and Development) (1963); "Institutions et Développement" (Institutions and Development) (1966); "Financement du Développement" (Financing Economic Development); "Théories de l'Investissement Direct Etranger" (Theories of Direct Investments Abroad) (1985); "Economic de l'Endettement Internationale" (1994); "Théories des Jeux et Endettement International, Essai d'application à la Jordanie et à l'Egypte" (1999); "Jeux évolutionnaires et comportement économique" (Evolutionary games and economic behaviour) (2003). Prof. Addr.: Economics Faculty of Beirut, Huvelin Str., P.O.Box 90-137, Tel.: 01-254623, Jdeidet el-Metn. Priv. Addr.: Haret-Sakhr, Jounieh, Tel.: 09-937292,03-298483, Jounieh, Lebanon.

GEAGEA (Setrida, Mrs.), Member of Parliament. Born on May 1967 at Ghana, Africa/Daughter of Elias Tawk and Mrs.née Aïda Moubarak. Married in 1991 to Dr. Samir Geagea. Educ.: Bachelor in Political Sciences, Beirut University College / Jbeil (1994). Career: Politician, Elected Deputy for Bécharré (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon, and Christ Roi, Tel.: 09-218268, 06-678127, Lebanon. GEAHCHAN (Yves), Insurer, Member of RDCL. Born in 1955 in Lebanon. Married, 3 children. Dipl.: MBA in Finance & Banking. Career: Insurer. Beginning of the Year 1980, he has occupied various Insurance positions in Saudi Arabia. Assistant Area Manager of the Group GE Insurance Solutions (1984-86), Director at the same Group (since 1986). Member of RDCL (Rassemblement des Dirigeants et Chefs d'entreprises Libanais since 1995); Secretary General (2000-2003);Vice President (2003-2005); Presently Member of the Board of RDCL and Delegate of the Board of GPA Social Affairs. Prof. Addr.: GE Insurance Solutions, Achrafieh, Tabaris, SNA Bldg., Tel: 01-333199, 01-216390, Fax: 01-329812. E-mail: [email protected]

GEADAH (Fouad, Adib), Surgeon oto-rhinolaryngol-ogist. Born on 26 Oct. 1930 in Haifa (Palestine). Son of Adib Geadah (banker) and Mrs., née Alice Haddad. Educ.: College of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, American University of Beirut, New York Polyclinic (1956-59). Dipl.: B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) (1950), M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) (1954), F.A.C.S. Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (Chicago, USA). Career: Doctor Oto-Rhino-Laryngologist, Resident at the "New York Polyclinic Medical School and Hospital" (1956-59), former Associate Professor in Otalaryngology at the American University of Beirut, Specialist in Plastic Surgery. Member: American Academy of Ophtalmology and Otolaryngology, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

GEBARA (Alif), Former diplomat. Born in 1913 at Marja'yun (Lebanon). Married, 2 children. Educ.: University of Paris. Dipl.: Doctorate of law, bachelor of letters, laureate of Paris University. Career: In the diplomatic service, successively secretary at the Lebanese Embasssy at Ankara (1946-47), Consul-General in Istanbul (1947-48); Director of Protocol at Central Administration in Beirut (1949-53); Lebanese ConsulGeneral in New York (1953-57); in Milan (1957-58); in Istanbul (1958-61); Chief of Arab service in the Central

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Istanbul (1958-61); Chief of Arab service in the Central Administration (1961-64); Counsellor at the Lebanese Embassy in Cairo (1964-66); Lebanese Ambassador to Canada (1966-71); Head of the Administrative Department (1972-75); Lebanese Ambassador to Japan (1975-77). Awards: Commdr., Spanish Order of Civil Merit; Officer, Phoenix Order of Greece; Officer, Polonia Restituía Order; Medal, Merit Order of Arab Republic of Egypt (2nd class). Priv. Addr.: Rabya, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon and U.S.A.

"Studio al Fan", most prominent TV talent show. Clubs: Founding member of International Centre of Traditional Music and Dance, Tunisia. Prof, addr.: Ecole Libanaise de Ballet, Zouk Mosbeh, Gebara Bldg., Tel: 09 218 577; FAX: 09 218 477; email: [email protected] Priv. Addr.: Mar Takla, Hazmieh, P.O.B. 377; Tel 05 451429; mobile: 03 302 377. GEBARA (Ibrahim, Nicolas), M.D. gastro-enterologist, lecturer. Son of Gebara Nicolas and Mrs., née Wadia Soued. Married on 11 Nov. 1961 to Miss Brigit Jorgensen, 3 children: Nicolas, Christina and (Jean-Paul Nickname) Boulos. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers of Junieh (Lebanon), French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, French Faculty of Medicine of Paris, under training in the London Faculty and Cornell Faculty of New York, USA. Dipl.: M.D. from the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, gastro-entérologie specialization Diploma from the Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Career: Assistant in the Faculty of Medecine of Paris, Professor of Anatomy, now gastro-enterologist, Former lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine of Beirut and medical officer in the Beirut government hospital. Pubi.: Wrote a number of studies on anatomical research published in Paris, various gastro-enterology works (cancer of the stomach, colitis, etc), in 1946 and 1950. Awards: Gold medal, Lebanese Order of Merit (1953). Founded the Lebanese gastroenterology and radiology society . Sports: Water Ski, and mountain ski. Hobbies: Painting, held exhibition with "Les Amateurs du Dimanche" Group. Prof. Addr.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Gebara Bldg., Beirut. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Dekwaneh center, Autostrade Dekv uneh, face Save Way, Imm. Banque Beyrouth et des Pays Arabes SAL, 2nd floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

GEBARA (Eliane), Journalist, former tourist attachée. Career: Press columnist and reporter at l'Orient newspaper, Tourist attachée at the Lebanese Embassy in Brussels (1968-70). Assistant to M. Ghassan Tueni, editor of An-Nahar. Founder and director of the Foreign Press Department at the Ministry of Information. Director of Cabinet of the Ministry of Environment. Actually, founder, Shareholder and editor-in-chief of "Alio Magazine". President of the Union des Français du Liban, Member of the Aéro Club du Liban, of the Yarze Country Club and the Metropolitan Club. Hobbies: Reading, playing cards. Addr.: Naccache, Tallet Srour, Sciemma 12, Tel.: 04405510, Lebanon. GEBARA (Georgette), Founder and Director of the Ecole Libanaise de Ballet; Founding member of the Syndicate for Professional Artists; Adviser on Dance, Lebanese Centre of ITI (UNESCO); Secretary of the International Dance Committee (ITI); Member of the Executive Council of ITI. Born on 3 Sept. 1937 in Jerusalem. Daughter of Elie Gebara and Efthimia Nokawa. Educ.: St Mary's English Select School, Cairo; Wolsey Hall Oxford and British Council Cairo towards G.C.E. Advanced Level and B.A. Hons. Career: Ballet studies in Cairo from 1952; specialisation scholarship by Yugoslav Govt, in 1960; Founded Ecole Libanaise de Ballet in Beirut (1964), Tripoli branch (1972), Zouk Mosbeh (1985, 1260 sq m.), Ain Saade (1990); Founder, producer and choreographer of "Soirées de Ballet", first professional dance company in Lebanon. Prof, of dance at National Institute of Fine Arts (Dramatic Arts Sect.) Leb. Univ. (1966-84); Choreographer for plays, musicals, and films in Arabic, English, French and Armenian in Beirut, Damascus, Rome, Baghdad, Ethiopia and Nancy (France), as well as for TV. Works: Author for "Der Schauspiel Fuhrer" vols. 9, 10, 11, 12 and 19. articles for "Japan Theatre Yearbook" 2005 and 2006; Lectures on dance in English, French and Arabic since 1963; 106 half-hour programmes in Arabic for Radio Lebanon. Lecturer at the American Dance Symposium, Wichita, Kansas; Lecturer at the Meeting for Prominent Women in Arab Theatre, Sousse, Tunisia. Trips to over 36 countries. Life achievement award from "Zouk Joconde Group" (1995), "Al Falah Association" (1999), Cultural Movement of Antelias (2001), plus from major Leb. TV channels. Dist.: Said Akl Prize, Feb 1972. For 20 years member of jury of

GEBARA (Raymond, Carlos), Journalist, comedian, author and producer. Born in 1935 at Comet Chehwan (Lebanon). Son of Carlos Gebara and Mrs., née Najla Zoghbi. Married in 1964 to Miss Mona Bechelany, 2 children: Joumana and Omar. Educ.: La Sagesse College, Modern Theatre School. Dipl.: Secondary education certificate; Professor of Dramatic Art at the Institute of Fine Arts (Lebanese University); Doctorate Thesis on Theatrical Improvisation (Vincennes University Paris). Career: Journalist, started theatrical career in 1959 portraying leading characters in "Crime and Punishment", "Richard III", "Volpone", "Antigone", "Blood Nuptials", "az-Zenzalakht", etc. He also appeared in full length films productions, e.g. "Diamond in Water", "The Speechless and Love", Author and producer of "Let Desdemon Die" (1970), "Under Zaccour's Patronage" (1973) (Selected to represent Lebanon at the Festival of Shiraz in 1973), "Dakar el-Nahl" (1975), "Charbel, Saint of Lebanon" (1977). (Par Interim) President Cie. de Television du Liban SAL (17 Juin 1986); Former President to North Meto Council for Culture; President of the Lebanese Conference

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Theatre (1982). Pubi.: Author of "Damun Memoirs", " W i n d o w overlooking the road" (a weekly radio programme). Deputy then Board chairman of "Dar alFan", General secretary of the International Institute of Theatre (International Institute of Theatre (Unesco). Awards: Art and Literature Medal from French Government; Knight, Lebanese Order of Merit; Honored at the Egyptian Experimental Festival (1996); Honored at the Cultural Center (Amelias) 1995; Honored by the Makhzoumi Est. for innovation (1999). Theatres: "Saneh al-Ahlam" (1985) obtained the Prize in Cartage Festival (Tunisia); "Min Kataf Zahret el-Kharif' (1993); "Picnic ala Khoutout al Tamas" (1999). Hobby: Photography. Priv. Addr.: Kornet Chahwan, Archbishopric Str., Gebara Bldg., Tel.: 04-925028, 03-825407, Lebanon.

Paris, Specialist training in France, Italy, Germany, Austria and England. Dipl.: Ecole Estienne and I.N.I.A.G. of Paris. Career: Business executive; founder and partner of "Graphica", Beirut, since 1958; founder in 1960 and chairman since 1967 of "Georges Eid Gedeon & Sons SAL", Beirut; founder in 1962 and chairman since 1980 of "Gedeon Business Forms (M.E.) SAL", Beirut; had registered the rights of "Who's Who in Lebanon" in 1964; founder "Modern Library", Doha, Qatar, in 1965; founder of "La Touristique SAL", Beirut, in 1965; owner of "Publitec Publications", Beirut, since 1965; registered the rights of "Who's Who in The Arab World" in 1966; director of "Le Jour SAL" Beirut, since 1966; founder in 1966 and chairman since 1975 of "Paper Converting Company (Middle East) SAL", Beirut; founder of "Middle East Business Services & Research Corporation SAL", (B.S.R.), Beirut, in 1966; founder and partner of "Groupement d'Art Cinématographique (S.A.G.A.) SARL", Paris, in 1967; founder and owner of "MECICO (Middle East Commercial Information Centre)", Beirut, since 1967; director of "Editions Dar an-Nahar SAL", Beirut, in 1967; registered the rights of "Annuaire des sociétés Libanaises Par Actions" (Year-Book of the Lebanese Joint-Stock Companies) in 1967, a directory published in 1964; registered the rights of "Annuaire des Professions au Liban" (Lebanese Industrial and Commercial Directory) in 1967, a directory published in 1953; founder and VicePresident of-"Business Forms Iran SA", Teheran, in 1968; founder and honorary president of "National Associations of Investment Advisers", Beirut, in 1968; registered the rights of "Who's Who of the Lebanese Overseas" in 1969; appointed honorary Consul General of Monaco in Lebanon on Dec. 8th 1969; registered the rights of "Annuaire des sociétés Libanaises a Responsabilité Limitée (Year-Book of the Lebanese Limited, Limited Liability Companies) in 1972; Promoter of "Centre Medico-Social Libanais" Dispensary St. Maron, Beirut, in 1975; founder and director of "Mecico - Iran" Teheran, and of "Arabian Business Forms (A.B.F.) W.L.L." in al-Khobar (Saudi Arabia) in 1975; founder and director of "Viven S.A." (San Jose, Costa Rica) in 1978; founder and director of "Mecico Kuwait" in Kuwait City, since 1978; founder and director of "Mecico - Maroc" in Casablanca since 1979; founder and owner of "Gedeon Machinery & Paper Manufacturing Establishment (GMP)", Beirut, since 1981; founder and chairman of "Who's Who Publications Co. SAL", Beirut, in 1983. Pubi: in 1973 "Les Fonds Mutuels" (Mutual Funds); published in 1967. Reports regarding the graphic industry in the Middle East for the International Labour Organization in Geneva. Works: Established the first printing plants in Kuwait, Qatar and Dubai. Member: Lebanese Syndicate of Graphic Arts, since 1958; Alumni Club, Beirut, in 1958; Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) (USA), in 1959; Golf Club of Lebanon, in 1963; Automobile and Touring Club of Lebanon since 1963; "Association pour la Protection des

GEBEYLI (Claire, Nicolas Dimitriou), Writer and poet. Born in Alexandria (Arab Republic of Egypt). Daughter of Nicolas Dimitriou (industrialist) and Mrs., née Efy Sevastopoulo. Married to the late Mr. Michel Gebeyli, 2 children: Marie-Lucie and Nathalie. Educ.: Greek High School, French Lycée of Alexandria, Higher Institute of Social Sciences of Alexandria, Faculty of Arts - University of Alexandria - also Higher Institute of Social Sciences (Greece). Dipl.: Graduate in Social Sciences and Arts Studies. Career: Specialised in medical and psychological involvements in social development and in cultural and scientific press features, accredited at UNDP in Beirut from 1968 to 1988, associate editor on "L'OrientLe Jour" newspaper for socio-medical matters, Lecturer, Faculty of Arts (St. Joseph University). Active member of the New York Academy of Sciences since 1995. Pubi.: Author of "L'Enfant Délinquant" (Délinquant Child), "Tribunaux pour Enfants" (Tribunals for Children). "Poésies Latentes" (Latent poetry), "Mémorial d'Exil", "La Mise à Jour" (Prix 1980 de L'Agence de Coopération culturelle et Technique). "Dialogue avec le feu", "Cantate pour l ' O i s e a u Mort" roman, (Prix Albert Camus) (Mention Découverte). Awards: Officer, Greek National order of Merit (Gold Cross); 1980 International Prize for Literature (Agence pour la Coopération Culturelle et Technique); Prix Edgard Alan P6 (1985-); 1996 Prix Albert Camus (mention Découverte). Sport: Swimming. Prof. Addr.: "L'Orient-Le Jour" newspaper, Tel.: 01-340560, 561406, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: 72, Mariam Geahshan Str., Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 166299, Tel.: 03-322080, 322081, Beirut, Lebanon. G E D E O N (Charles, Georges), Business executive, consul general of Monaco in Lebanon. Born Nov. 12th 1932 in Beirut. Son of Georges Eid Gedeon and Mrs., née Victoria Asfar. Married in New York, Nov. 4th 1969 to Mrs. Colette Massad, 2 children: Patrick and Nicolas. Educ.: French University of St. Joseph in Beirut (1939-51), School of Higher Mathematics in Beirut, Ecole Estienne in Paris, Institut National des Industries et Arts Graphiques in

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Sites et Anciennes Demeures au Liban" since 1964; "Association pour la Sauvegarde et la Mise en Valeur du Paris Historique (France)" in 1965; International Public Relations Association (IPRA), London, in 1967; Institute of Directors, London, in 1967; American Institute of Management, New York, in 1968; Lebanese Public Relations Association (LPRA), Beirut, in 1968; honorary president of "Club Culturel et Sportif de Kaitouly" (South Lebanon) since 1968; Institute of Printing, London, in 1969; "Conseil Central Maronite du Liban", Beirut, in 1970; Rotary Club of Beirut, since 1972. LIC Association, Köln, since 1989; ACA Association, Minneapolis, in 1990; ACB Association, Washington, since 1990; WAD Association, USA, since 1991; ICA Association, USA, since 1992, etc. Sports: Squash, Tennis, Swimming. Hobbies: Graphology, astrology, antiques, collection of paintings and beads. Prof. Addr.: Gedeon House, 139-141 John Kennedy Str., Jisr el-Bacha, P.O.Box 11-4203, Tel.: 494941-3, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Consulate General of Monaco, Sourati Bldg., 257 Selim Bustros Str., Tabaris, Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 16-6142 Tel.: 01-323028, Fax: 01337355, Beirut. Summer residence: Brumana, Tel.: 04961551, Lebanon.

Business School). Career: Joined "L'Air Liquide" International Group of Companies, Paris, in 1953; former General Manager for the Middle East for the said Group. Former Lecturer at Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs of Beirut; at the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, A.U.B.; and at Faculté de Génie II, Roumieh, Lebanese University. Pubi.: Wrote a book (in Arabic) on welding engineering. Member: Former Member of Société des Ingénieurs Soudeurs of France, and of société des Ingénieurs et Scientifiques de France. Hobbies: Linguistics and music. Priv. Addr.: 94, Doumani Str., Ash-rafíeh, P.O.Box 16-5332 Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-336925, 338753, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon. GEDEON-MAROUN (Roger, Salim), Biologist, lecturer. Born on 11 Oct. 1934 at Kaitouly (Lebanon). Son of Salim Gedeon-Maroun and Mrs., née Juliette GedeonMaroun, Married 26th Dec., 1968 to Miss Monique Abela, 2 children: Salim and Maya. Educ.: French Lycée of Beirut, French Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of St. Joseph University of Beirut (pharmacy and higher biology studies). Dipl.: Doctorate in pharmacy, higher diploma of biology from the said faculty (1961). Career: Collaborated with Dr. Emile RÍ2k (Biology laboratory of Beirut), Lecturer on Hygiene at the Nursing School of St. Joseph University of Beirut. Pubi.: Thesis (pharmacy enterobacterial diagnosis). Sports: Swimming and yachting. Hobby: Music. Priv. Addr.: 36, Sodeco Avenue, Sodeco Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

GEDEON (Edgard, Salim), Doctor in medicine, faculty lecturer. Born in 1931 in Beirut. Son of Salim Gedeon and Mrs., née Juliette Gedeon. Married in 1963 to Miss Joumana Nehme. Educ.: Lycée Français of Beirut, St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Faculty of Medicine). Dipl.: M.D. from the said faculty, American Board of Pathology (1962); resident (5 years) at Memorial Hospital (New York), New England Deaconess Hospital (Boston), University of Alabama, Hospital (Birmingham). Career: Assistant Professor of Pathology University of Alabama (1962-63); lecturer American University of Beirut (1963-64); Chief of Department of Pathology, Central Public Health Laboratory (1963-75); Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut. Member: Lebanese Cancer Society. Hobby: Classical music. Prof. Addr.: Gedeon Laboratories, Museum Square, Bouresli Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-615871,615873, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sursock Str., Baz-Gedeon Bldg., Tel.: 01-216477, 201961, Beirut, Lebanon.

GELALIAN (Boghos, Sarkis), Composer, former professor in the national conservatoire. Born in 1927 at Alexandretta (Turkey). Son of Sarkis Gelalian and Mrs., née Marie Katrandjian. Married on 5 Oct. 1957 to Miss Raymonde Kupelian, 1 child: Serge. Educ.: College of Cannes Fathers of Tripoli, piano and composition, studied piano under Erchenreder, and harmony under de Rogillard, and composition and orchestration under Baron Belling. Career: Piano teacher at Notre-Dame de Jamhour college, lecturer at Cultural Mission; teacher of piano, harmony and counterpoint in the National Conservatoire of Beirut. Works: Composed the "Sonata" for piano solo and "Sonata in brief for violin and piano both of which were interpreted by Miss Diana Taky Deen (recital in Europe) and Kodjian brothers in USA, "Ballet scene" (dancing) for orchestra, the "Toccata" for organ etc. Dist.: 1st, 2nd and 4th Prizes of the Lebanese Composition Competition for Musical Youth (1964), Said Aki Prize (Jan. 1969). Remark: Speaks and writes fluent Armenian, Arabic French, Turkish, Italian and English. Member: Catholic Armenian Youth Association of Beirut. Hobby: Photography. Priv. Addr.: Abdel Wahab al-Inglizi Str., (Sodeco) near Restaurant Aldente, Khayat Bldg., 2nd floor, (ex. Kehyeyan), Tel.: 01-219379, Beirut, Lebanon.

GEDEON (Elie, Jean), Company manager, former faculty lecturer. Born in 1928 in Cairo (Arab Republic of Egypt). Son of Jean F. Gedeon and Mrs., née Berthe Aug.e Adib Pasha. Married in Paris in 1951 to Miss Camille Denise Laplace, 5 children: Jean, Georges, Alain (deceased), Christine and Laurent. Educ.: Sainte Famille College of Cairo, Sainte Geneviève School of Versailles (France), Ecole Centrale (Paris), Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité of Paris. Dipl.: B.Eng. from Ecole Centrale of Paris, from Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité, Graduate Ecole des Chefs d'Entreprises et des Cadres Supérieurs, Graduate International Marketing Institute (Harvard 137

GELLAD

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

GELLAD (Claude, Georges), Industrialist, director of companies. Born on 6 May 1936 in Beirut. Son of Georges Gellad (industrialist) and Mrs., née Marguerite Aubinat. Married on 20 Dec. 1961 in Paris to Miss Ghislaine d'Aboville, 3 children: Georges, Jean-Ghislain and Isabelle. Educ.: Secondary at La Salle College and Janson de Sailly Lycée (Paris), Faculty of Sciences (Paris), School of Brewery of Nancy (France). Dipl.: Graduate Brewer and Malter. Career: Industrialist, director, chairman and general manager of "Grande Brasserie du Levant" (Georges Gellad) S.A.L., Member: Lion's suburbia (Beirut). Hobbies: Reading and music. Prof. Addr.: Grande Brasserie du Levant, Kobeyat Str., Company Bldg., P.O.Box 17-5030, Tel.: 01-447510/1/2, 445395, 445510, Beirut Priv. Addr.: Baabdat, Tel.: 04820673, Lebanon.

Libanaise de Carton" S.A.L.(SOLICAR); President of the Arab Federation for Paper Printing and Packaging Industries (AFPPPI) as of Sept. 2002; President of the Syndicate of the Owners of Paper & Packaging Industries in Lebanon (SOPIL). Other Information: Member of the Board, Association of Lebanese Industrialists (President of the Future Industrialists Commission). Hobby: Reading. Associations: RDCL Association of North Metn Industrialists - SOPIL - AFPPPI Association of Lebanese Industrialists, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries (U.S.A.) - Lebanese Executives Forum. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Prof. Addr.: Bikfaya; Industrial Park, Gemayel Frères S.A.L. Bldg., P.O.Box 111 Bikfaya, Tel.: 04-980122, 985048, Fax: 04985049, E-mail: [email protected] and SNA Bldg., 6th floor, Tabaris Square, Tel.: +961-1-203000, 203323, Beirut, Lebanon.

GEMAYEL (Amine, Pierre, H.E. Sheikh), Former president of the republic, lawyer. Born at Bikfaya in 1942. Son of Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (Statesman) and Mrs., née Genevieve Gemayel. Married in Dec. 1967 to Miss Joyce Tyan, 3 children: Nicole, Pierre and Sami. Educ.: St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (1966), Degree in Political Sciences. Career: Lawyer by profession; member of the Political Bureau of the Lebanese Kataeb Party, and promoter to several syndicates and professional groups; president of select social and athletic clubs; member of the Lebanese Parliament (1971-1982); Chairman of INMA Group, which includes the Lebanese Center for Documentation and Research, specializing in Lebanese and Middle Eastern Affairs; General Secretary of the Institute for Strategic Studies for Peace, Lebanon; responsible for the publication of "Le Reveil" (French language daily founded in 1980) and "Panorana de l'Actualité" (quarterly magazine on Lebanese and Middle Eastern Affairs founded in 1977); founder of Information Data Bank which is trilingual and totally computerized; on 21st Sept. 1982 elected President of the Republic till 1988. Pubi.: Author of "L'Offence et le Pardon" (French) published in 1988. Awards: Grand Cordon, National Order of the Cedars. Hobbies: Music, reading, art and theatre. Addr.: Horch Tabet, Sin el-Fil, rue Emir Bechir, near Hôpital Hayek, Residence Amine Gemayel Tel.: 01510550, Beirut, Lebanon, and Paris, France.

GEMAYEL (Pierre Amine), Lawyer, Minister & Deputy. Born on Sept. 23, 1972 in Bikfaya, Lebanon. Married to Miss Patricia Daif, 2 Children. Educ.: College Champville (Lebanon), Pères Jésuites (France). Dipl.: Bachelor of Law, Sagesse University. Career: Lawyer, elected Deputy in 2000 and reelected in 2005-to date; Appointed Minister of Industry (2005-). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies & Ministry of Industry, Sami Solh Str., facing Palace of Justice, Kalot Bldg., 10th Floor, Beirut, Lebanon, Office: Sin el Fil, facing Samir Library. GEMAYEL (Solange, Mrs.), Member of Parliament. Born on March 9, 1949 in Lebanon. Daughter of Dr. Louis Toutounji (Deceased). Married to Sheikh Bechir Gemayel (Deceased) 2 children: Youmna and Nadim. Educ.: Obtained the Certificate of Nursing from the Red Cross, Certificate in Economy from the Economic Research Center. Career: Founder of "Bechir Gemayel Institute" (10.12.1982); Elected Deputy (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. GERGES (Fadi), Dentist, Professor at St. Joseph University (USJ), President of "Vallée Lamartine s.a.r.L". Born on Aug. 27,1959 in Ras el-Harf, Baabda, Lebanon. Son of Romanes Gerges (Contractor) and Mrs., née Alice Abi Assi. Married on June 7, 1986 to Miss Danièle Aramouni, 2 children: Karl (12-5-1987) and Joanna (9-91989). Educ.: St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Doctor in Dentist surgery, DCD; Doctorat d'Etudes Spécialisées en Prothèses Fixées, D.E.S.P.F.; Diploma of University Studies in Civil Law. Career: Dentist; Secretary General of the Commission "Justice et Paix", Lebanon; Producer of Wine "Clos de Cana" Vallée Lamartine, Ras el-Harf; Since 1999, Professor at St. Joseph University, Faculty of Dental Medicine; Ex-Candidate for Parliamentary Election of Baabda, 2000. Sports Practised: Boxing, volley-ball, ski; ping-pong, and hunting. Hobbies: Reading and long walking in the nature. Clubs and Associations: ILDES

GEMAYEL (Fady), Industrialist - Chairman General Manager, Gemayel Frères S.A.L. and Chairman General Manager "Société Libanaise de Carton" S.A.L.(SOLICAR). Born in 1958 in Beirut. Son of Joseph Gemayel (Industrialist) and Mrs., née Madeleine Raffoul. Married in 1981 to Nayla Acar, 2 children: Joseph and Hélène. Educ.: Mont-La Salle, Texas A&M University, Georgetown University Washington D.C., USEK, Sorbonne. Dipl.: BS Economics, MS Economics, MA Economics, DEA, Doctorate in management from Sorbonne. Career: Chairman General Manager at Gemayel Frères S.A.L.; Chairman General Manager "Société

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01-330444, Beirut, Lebanon. GERMANOS-SOUEID (Nouhad, Assaad), Politician. Born in 1932 at Akoura, Lebanon. Daughter of Assaad Germanos (former magistrate). Widow of Dr. Antoine Soueid (former deputy), 6 children. Educ.: Besancon Sisters Convent School, French Law Faculty. Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certifícate), two years Law Study. Career: Politician candidate to the legislative elections of Jbayl (1965-68, 1972); Elected Deputy in 1996. Hobby: Reading (philosophy and pedagogy). Priv. Addr.: Museum Str., Mansour Salameh Bldg., rez-de-chaussee, Tel.: 01-612304, 612309, 03393300, Beirut, Lebanon.

(Institut Libanais pour le Dévelopment Economique et Social), Lebanon; Ex-President of the Association of former Dentists of the Dental Faculty of Medicine. Founder and member of Clubs: Ras el-Harf Club, Aley Club, and Yarze Country Club. Credit Cards: Visa, Master Card and Maestro. Prof. Addr.: Hazmieh, bifurcation Jisr el-Basha, International Key Center, 3rd floor, Tel.: 05-456259, 456023, 03/682569, Fax: 05/456243. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Mar Takla, Tel.: 05456234, 03-334353, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. GERMANOS (Assaad, Youssef), Magistrate(retired). Born in 1931 in Lebanon. Son of Youssef Germanos. Married, 3 children: Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut (French law Faculty). Dipl.: LL.B. from the said Faculty. Career: In the magistracy: Judge, Court President, Counsellor first Chamber of Appeal Court of North Lebanon (1964); President of Labour Court in North Lebanon (1965); sole judge court of summary jurisdiction; examining judge of Beirut (1967); examining judge in banking affairs (1968); Military General Attorney of Lebanon (1971); Counsellor at the Court of Appeal (19832005). Priv. Addr.: Sioufi Str., Salim Halabi Bldg., 8th floor, Tel.: 01-398910, 398919, Beirut, Lebanon.

GHANDOUR (Abdel Basset, Aoun), Magistrate. Born in 1924 in Beirut. Son of Aoun Ghandour (merchant) and Mrs., née Hosn Ghandour. Married in Dec. 1966 to Miss Mariam Tabbikha, 3 children: Imad, Karim and Rim. Educ.: al-Makassed College, St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Law Faculty). Dipl.: LL.B. from the said Faculty (1943). Career: Sole judge in Tripoli (1953-Mar. 1958); examining judge in Beirut (Mar. 1958, Apr. 1962); Counsel, appeal Court of Beirut (Apr. 1962, May 1965); president, first Chamber in Court of first Instance of Beirut (since Oct. 1965). Retirement from judificiary functions: July 1992. Member: Higher Magistracy Council (Sept. 1969); President of Judiciary Inspection (June 1978). Actually: Member of the Board of the National Council for scientific research (1993); Member of the Court of Arbitration attached to the Beirut Chamber of Commerce and industry (1995); Secretary general of "Annesty international association - Lebanon" (June 2000); Member of the "Comité consultatif national pour les sciences de la Vie et de la Santé" (May 2001). Sports: Swimming, horseriding. Priv. Addr.: Maamari Str., Ras Beirut, Rebeiz Bldg., Tel.: 01-370090, 367329, Beirut, Lebanon.

GERMANOS (Sami, Youssef), Lawyer. Born on 31 July 1934. Son of Youssef Germanos (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Aimee Tyan. Married to Miss Claude Chidiac, two children: one son and one daughter, Youssef and MarieAimee. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (1956). Career: Lawyer since 1957. Pubi.: Author of a number of press articles and lectures. President: Saint George's Lion's club. Member: Propeller club. Sports: Ski, tennis, water ski and shooting. Prof. Addr.: Hamra, Challah Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Nahr Str., (near Electricity of Lebanon), Boustany Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-443663, Beirut, Lebanon.

GHANEM (Antoine), Lawyer, Member of Parliament. Born on Aug. 10, 1943 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Lolla Abdallah Neemeh, 4 children: 3 daughters, 1 boy. Educ.: Primary, Notre Dame des Frères (Furn el Chebbak); Complementary, Ecole des Frères (Gemmayzeh). Dipl.: Bachelor in Law and Political Sciences from Lyon University (France). Career: Lawyer; Kataeb Political Chief in Baabda Region; Elected Deputy for Baabda district (2000-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

GERMANOS (Sobhi, Georges), M.D., internist, cardiologist. Born on 27 Dec. 1932 at Deir al-Kamar (Lebanon). Son of Georges Germanos and Mrs., née Isabelle Irani. Married to Jacqueline Saideh (1976). Educ.: Marist Brothers College (Deir al-Kamar and Jounieh). Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certifícate), M.D. from the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut. Career: Internist cardiologist of New York hospitals, now Associate Professor of internal medecine at American University of Beirut, also cardiologist at Dr. Rizk Hospital and St. Joseph Hospital of Dora. Pubi.: Wrote a number of medical studies published in the American Journal of Digestive Diseases (Oct. 1960), and in "Archives of Internal Medicine" (Aug. 1960). Member: American College of Cardiology, Lion's club. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: Dr. Sobhi Germanos Surgery, Rizk Hospital, P.O.Box 11-3288, Zahar Str., Ash-rafieh, Tel.:

GHANEM (Georges, Tanios), Honorary Magistrate. Born in Baskinta (Lebanon) in 1925. Son of Tanios Ghanem and Mrs. Chafika Khoury. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, Lebanese University (French Law Faculty). Career: Professor (1945-52), Court clerk (1952-53), Judge (1963-1993), Mayor of the Village of 139

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Baskinta(l998-2004), currently Senior Partner in Ghanem Law firm(established in 2005 with son, Attorney Michel Ghanem). Hobbies: writing and jogging. Prof. Addr.: Jal el Dib, Hajal Str., Hajal Bldg., 5th Floor, P.O.Box 116/2096, Beirut, Lebanon.

Born on 7 June 1931 in Beirut. Son of Habib Ghazal (merchant) and Mrs., née Marie Hebeleine. Married in 1959 to Miss Lola Daou, 3 children: Gladys, Joelle and Elie. Educ.: Paris University (La Sorbonne), Higher National School of Telecommunications (Paris) Dipl.: Certificates in general mathematics, general physics and mineralogy from La Sorbonne (Paris), Graduate Higher National School of Telecommunications. Career: Carried out a number of telecommunications assignments in Europe from 1955 to 1959; Chief engineer of P.T.T. technical services; professor at the Technical Professional School of Arts and Crafts (Telecommunication Division) and University St. Joseph (ESIB); Representative in Lebanon of International Telecommunications Union CCITT, CCIR, The V'orld Planning Commission for the routing of automatic and semi-automatic telephone (International and intercontinental, Rome 1963), at CCITT Plenary Assembly in Geneva in 1964, at Plenipotentiary conference of ITU (International Union of Telecommunications) Montreux 1965, where Lebanon was elected member of the Council, also in 1973 (Torremolinos in Spain) and in 1982 (Kenya); Chairman of the Council of the ITU in 1975; Ch airman of the world plan committee 1976-82; Chairman of the Global Network of Telecommunications since 1982 till now; Create and chair the Arabsat 1973-76; Sign on behalf of Lebanon, the Intelsat agreement, the Arabsat agreement and all the Constitutions and convetion of ITU since 1965 till now, also sign the GMPCS (GLobal Mobile Personnal, communication systems) and Internet agreement. Chief Engineer at P.T.T. Technical Services, Director General of the Exploitation since 1977. Act. & Pubi.: Author of a project relating to Lebanon's development of long distance international and intercontinental communications (Submarine cable Beirut/ Marseilles, Earth space station), in Arbanieh 1969 (one of the first eight station in the world) proposed Lebanon as international centre of 2nd category. Chairman of Telecommunications, Informatics and Electricities magazine (ALDESTEF). Awards: Knight, Legion of Honour (France); Promoted to Officer, Legion of Honour (1988). Member: Academician of the International Telecommunication Academy of Moscow Russia (ITA). Sports: Tennis, ski and swimming. Hobby: Arts. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of P.T.T., Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Abdel Wahab el-Inglizi Str., Banque Pharaon & Chiha Bldg., 3rd floor, No. 9, Tel.: 01- 200888, Fax: 01-333300, Beirut, Lebanon.

GHANEM (Ghaleb), Magistrate. Born in Baskinta in 1943. Educ.: Received several Academic Degrees. Career: Lawyer (1966-72); Judge (1973); Appointed Member of the General Assembly controlling the Computer-Law Center, Ministry of Justice (1987) and member at the Judicial Patrimony (1990), nominated for the International Government List with Chicago duty Aviation Agreement (1988). Other Information: President, Jounieh Appeal Court; President, Court of first Instance in Beirut; President, Appeal Court of Mount Lebanon; President, Appeal Court in Beirut; President of the Consultation & Legislation Assembly at Ministry of Justice; Attorney General at Mount Lebanon; Member in the "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature" (1992-99); presently, President of State Consultative Council (1999). Pubi: Published with Dr. Rizkallah Fraifer the Book "Les fondements juridiques, financiers, fiscaux et comptables de la TVA". Prof. Addr.: State Consultative Council, Beirut, Lebanon. GHANEM (Robert), Attorney-at-Law. Deputy Born on June 18, 1942 at Saghbine, Lebanon. Son of Iskandar Ghanem (Former Commander of Lebanese Army) and Mrs., née Laurice Khoury. Married on Jan. 23, 1975 in Beirut to Viviane Haddad, 2 children: Alexander (Nov. 1, 1975), Nadeem (Aug. 28, 1985). Educ.: Notre-Dame de Jamhour - Jesuits; St. Joseph University, Faculty of Law -Jesuits. Dipl.: M.A. in Law. Career: Secretary of Parliament Foreign Committee (1962-64); Secretary of Parliament (1964-65); Secretary of Foreign Committee (1965-66); Secretary of Parliament (1967-68); Secretary to the Minister of Education (1970-71). Work: Attorneyat-Law. Having his own office since 1969 in Beirut and Paris-France between 1978 and 1992. Member of the Parliament since 1992. Member of the High Committee for Trial of President and Ministers. Reporter in the Educational committee of the Parliament between 1992 and June 1995, Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports, between June 1995 and Nov. 1996. Sports: Tennis, Ski. Hobbies: Traveling, classical music. Member: Yarze Country Club. Credit Cards: A.E., Visa. Prof. Addr.: Said Freiha Str., Camelia Center 1, 1st floor, Hazmieh, Tel.: 05-456352/53, Fax: 05-456365. Priv. Addr.: Baabda, Brazilia, Henri Helou Bldg., Tel.: 05-459514, Lebanon.

GHAZAL (Selim), Greek Catholic Archimandrite. Born in Machghara (South Lebanon) in 1931. Educ.: St. Savior Monastery (1949). Career: Ordained Priest (1958), appointed in Saida Diocese (1961), participated in several missionary missions and social works in South

GHAZAL (Maurice, Habib), Director general of the exploitation, chief engineer at P.T.T. technical services. 140

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Lebanon, appointed Archimandrite on Saida and deir elKamar (1985), appointed President of the Basilian Order on 18.7.1995. Addr.: St. Savior Monastery, Joun, Shouf, Lebanon.

Born on 27 Sept. 1943 at Jdeideh/Maijayoun, Lebanon. Son of Aziz Gholmieh (deceased) - Chief Accountant and Mrs. Mary Gholmieh. Married on 27 Sept. 1975 to Miss Antoinette el-Khoury, Two children: Bernadette (8.11.1978), Bernard (4.8.1980). Educ.: Secondary School of Furn elChebback, Lebanese University (Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences), International Institute of Public Adm. (ILAP) Paris/France, Dauphine University (Paris DC). Dipl.: BACC. Ile Partie; Licence in Political & Adm. Sciences; DEA Gestion des Finances Publiques; DESS Administration Fiscale; Doctorat 3rd Cycle in Public Law; Doctorat d'Etat in Economic & Finance Law. Career: (1966-77): Employee at "Régie Libanaise des Tabacs"; (1977-78)": Formation for the 3rd Categoric in Public Function; (1980-94): Finance Inspector; (1994-2002): General Inspector; (2002): Member of Central Inspection Council; (2003): President of Officers Administration & member of the Civil Service Board; Sessions: (1982-83): on TVA (Taxe a la Valeur Ajoutée); Principal Inspectors, Public Entreprises Control, Central Bank of France; (1988): Politique de la Dette (IIAP-Paris); (1994): Modernisation of the Administration ENA-Paris/Strasbourg); (1996-97): Sessions for Training Program in Public Management at ENAP -Quebec University (Canada). Other Information: Professor at the Lebanese University since 1984 (Faculty of Business Administration & Economic Sciences); Professor at la Sagesse University since 2004(for DEA in Public Law); Professor at the National Institute of Adm. (Civil Service or Public Function); Many research, studies & articles published about Public Finances, Administrative & Economic Affairs. Sports: Tennis, Volly ball, Swimming. Hobbies: Music, reading. Clubs & Associations: Cultural League of Antelias, Lebanese Association of Taxes, Lauréats Association of the National Institute of Administration & Development. Credit Cards: Visa, Master. Prof. Addr.:Civil Service Board, Verdun Str., Beirut, Tel.: 01865244, Fax: 01-806305. Priv. Addr.: Naccache, Tallet Srour, Sciemma 4 Bldg., Tel.: 04-405858, 03-989967, P.O.Box 70-1007 Antelias, Lebanon.

GHAZAOUI (Rafie Moustapha), Businessman. Born in 1950 in Bachoura, Beirut, Lebanon. Dipl.: Diploma in Management. Career: Involved in the Trade Sector from the age of 20.; Principal Shareholder and President Director General of "Société Rafie Ghazaoui & Co."; Shareholder of Electrical Lighting & Engineering Co. and of Mena Capital SAL. Prof.Addr.: P.O.Box 11-9709, Tel: 01-855888, Fax: 01-858555, Beirut, Lebanon. GHAZIRI (Mohamed, Habib), Engineer, Former Minister. Born in 1926 in Beirut. Son of Habib Ghaziri (Merchant) and Mrs., née Fatai Shebib. Married in 1956 to Miss Husn Hamasni, 4 children: Rima (Mrs. Tabbara), Habib (Engineer Ecole Centrale A&M - Paris), Nabil (Washington University, St. Louis, USA) and Ghada. Educ.: College Makassed, Beirut; Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs, Beirut (E.S.I.Β.) (1948). Career: Engineer, Hydraulic Dept., Ministry of Public Works (1948); Project Director, Hydraulic and Electric Projects, Point IV, Lebanon (1954-56); Deputy Director, Hydraulic Affairs (1959-65); Director General, Roads and Buildings, Ministry of Public Works (1965-74); specially employed; President, Conseil Executif des Grands Projects de la Ville de Beyrouth (since Feb. 1974). President of Beirut Municipality (1992); Minister of P.T.T. (Oct. 1992-May 1995). Former President, Association des Anciens du College Makassed (1953-56); member, Conseil de FAs-sociation Makassed de Beyrouth; President, Association des Anciens de l'ACTIM (since 1975); former Government Commissioner with the National Council of the Litani (1961-66); former member of Reconstruction Council; former member of the TownPlanning Higher Council. Works: Represented Lebanon at several technical and administrative Arab and International Congresses. Awards: Knight, National Order of the Cedars (1957); Officer, Ordre National du Mérite Français (1978). Priv. Addr.: United Nations Str., Cite Sportive, Ghaziri Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-830555, 865685, Beirut, Lebanon.

GHOSN (Fayez), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1950 in Kosba, North Lebanon. Married to Youna Bakhos Hakim. Educ.: Political Sciences. Career: Former Executive Member of Student Committee in St. Joseph University; Elected Deputy (1996-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

GHAZIRI (Noureddine), Engineer, director-general executive council of major projects. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: Beirut Higher School of Engineering (E.S.I.B.). Career: Engineer on the Executive Council of Major Projects of Beirut, now Director-General of the said Council. Priv. Addr.: Bir Hassan, Ghaziri & Tayara Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 01-850777, Beirut, Lebanon.

GHOSN (Georges, Assaad), M.D. faculty professor. Born on Jan. 12th, 1925 at Chiyah (Lebanon). Son of Assaad Ghosn and Mrs., née Guiñar Rahal. Married on Apr. 27th, 1957 to Miss Rola Najjar, 3 children: Henri, Maya, Na'ila. Educ.: Secondary and Higher (St. Joseph University of Beirut). Dipl.: M.D. Career: Head of Clinic at the French Faculty of Medicine (F.F.M.) then Chief

GHOLMIEH (Georges, Dr.), President of Officers Administration in Civil Service Board, (Former General Inspector at the Central Inspection of Lebanese Government).

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Lebanese Forces (1985). Sports: Basketball, volleyball, jogging. Hobby: Reading. Member: many local and national associations. Priv. Addr.: Horch Tabet, Sin el-Fil, Camille Chamoun Str., Ste. Rita Bldg., Tel.: 01-485186, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Rue du Liban, Tabaris, Zoghby Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-338111, Fax: 01-567765, Beirut, Lebanon.

Medical Officer at French Maternity Hospital, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at F.F.M., Director of Medical School and of Midwives School at F.F.M., President of the Lebanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Pubi.: Wrote a number of studies on Utero Placental Apoplexy, Obstetrical Analgesy, use of Vacuum Extractor in Obstetrics, Causes and Treatment of Abortions. Priv. Addr.: Badaro, Ibrahim Medawar Str., Tohme Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-388541, Beirut, Lebanon.

GHOSTINE (Salim, Yacoub), Neuro Surgeon. Born in 1932 at Jounieh (Lebanon). Son of Yacoub Ghostine and Mrs., née Marie Suleiman al-Khoury. Educ.: High school: Collège des Apôtres, Medical school: University of Montpellier, France (1958), Specialty Training: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pa - USA (1957-65), Academic Appointment Professor of Neuro surgery, University of Texas (Galveston) U.S.A. Dipl.: M.D. (1958). Career: Associate surgeon in neuro-surgery in the University of P.A., Medical School (1963-64), Practice since Jan. 1965, at Barbir Hospital, and Beirut, SacreCoeur Hospital. Pubi.: Wrote a number of research work on neurology. Member: American Board of Neurosurgery of "Congress of Neurological Surgeons". Sports: Swimming and tennis. Prof. Addr.: Office: Tel.: 05455394, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, P.O.Box 116 (Hazmieh), Tel.: 05-453500 ext. 5503-4, Fax: +961-5-456292, Hazmieh, Lebanon. Home: Tel.: +961-9-640645, +961-1383738, Lebanon.

GHOSN (Nicolas), Member of Parliament. Born on 1940 in Kosba, North Lebanon. Son of Fouad Ghosn. Married to Najat Khalil Joreige . Educ.: Licence in Law, St. Joseph University, Beirut. Career: Director General Council of Discipline (until 1992); Elected Deputy (19962000) reelected in (2005- ). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Paliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. GHOSSAIN (Antoine, Chahine), Surgeon. Born in 1925 at Zahlé (Lebanon). Son of Chahine Ghossain and Mrs., née Pénélope Khayat. Married in 1953 to Miss Mireille Zablit, 3 children: Joelle, Michel and Ronald. Educ.: La Sagesse College, St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Faculty of Medicine). Dipl.: M.D. from the said Faculty. Career: M.D., Surgeon, Head of surgical clinic at Hôtel-Dieu Hospital of France at Beirut (195053), Chief surgeon at Tall-Shiha Hospital of Zahlé and of Bekaa Hospital of Zahlé since 1953. Pubi.: Produced more than 25 medical studies published in French medical journals, Including "Presse Médicale", "Mémoires de l'Académie de Chirurgie" and "Gazette des Hôpitaux" and in Lebanon "Revue Médicale du Moyen-Orient". Awards: Knight, National Order of Cedar (1958); Knight, French National Order of Merit (1966). President: Franco-Lebanese Society of Medicine for 1968. Member: International Surgery Society since 1959. Sport: Tennis. Hobbies: Music and photography. Prof. Addr.: Face Hôtel-Dieu de France, Farra Bldg., 2nd floor, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafleh, Gerges Haimari Str., Green Hill Bldg., 10th floor, Tel.: 01-201299, 330242, Beirut, Lebanon.

GORAIEB (Henry, Edmond), Concertist. Born in 1935 at Deir al-Kamar (Lebanon). Son of Edmond Goraieb. Educ.: Graduate of Marguerite Long Academy of Paris (1952) and of Germaine Mounier. Career: Piano recitals in Brussels, London, Paris Strasbourg, Vichy Casino, Metz, Versailles, Marseilles, Ankara, Moscow, Leningrad, Riga, Kalinine, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, Bucarest, Beirut (Festival of Baalbeck), Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Athens, etc., soloist in the National Orchestra of French Radio and TV corporation, in Jean François Paillard Orchestra, the Rome Santa Cecilia Orchestra which performed at Baalbeck Festival, the Symphonic Orchestra of Metz, of Bucarest, of Monte Carlo, of Radio Luxemburg, of Beirut Conservatoire, of Tunisia, of the Presidency at Ankara (Turkey), Concerts broadcast from French Radio corporation, BBC, Brussels, Munich, Clogne, Beirut, Moscow, Bucarest, Ankara, Monte Carlo, Luxemburg, Lebanese TV companies, Lithuenia; Produced films in Paris for distribution «ι Arab countries: Lebanon, Morocco, etc. Awards: Medal, Lebanese Order of Merit (1957). Dist.: Said Aki Prize (Mar. 1965). Prof. Addr.; P.O.Box 11-1798, Beirut, Tel.: 04-871003, Fax: 04-871226, Beirut, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Goraieb Bldg., Ain Saadé, Meto, Lebanon.

GHOSTINE (Charles, Camille), Lawyer. Born in Beirut in 1949. Son of Camille Ghostine (businessman) and Mrs., née Antoinette Gebaily. Educ.: College des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes (Sacre-Coeur), St. Joseph University. Dipl.: LL.B. in Ffench and Arabie. Political Science Diploma. Career: Lawyer; President of the Students' Organisation of the National Liberal Party (1971); General Secretary of the USJ Students' Organisation (1969-79); member of Political Bureau of the National Liberal Party and its Secretary of Education (since 1976); Also, Vice-President of the Lebanese Forces (1980-82); Head of the Foreign Relation Department of the

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Pacha Ghali. Educ.: Grenoble University (France). Dipl.: Ph.D. in Philosophy. Career: Professor at the Lebanese, French and American Universities in Beirut (1953-69); Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences (1960-61), Director of the Philosophy Dept. in UNESCO, Paris (1969-77). Pubi.: "Le Moment de L'Homme" Ed. DDB Paris (1984), "Le Transgresseur" Ed. DDB Paris (1984). Decor.: Prize of the Best Writer of the Mediterranean. Hobby: Music (piano). Addr.: 24 Rue des Bernardins, Tel.: 464331940 Paris 75005, France.

H

HABCHI (Tareq, Boutros), Surgeon, former deputy. Born at Deir al-Ahmar in 1936. Married 1 daughter, Souad. Educ.: Secondary & higher. Dipl.: M.D., specialization in surgery. Career: Surgeon, Director of Baalbeck Government hospital (1970), elected deputy for Baalbeck-Hermel (1972-92). Addr.: Rabieh, Avenue 2, No. 10, (near Banque Saradar), Tel.: 04-414699, 03640264, Lebanon.

HAAS (Marius), Ambassador of Germany to Lebanon. Born on May 13,1945 in Trondheim (Norway). Married, 3 children. Educ.: Specialized in Geography, Communication & Political Sciences. Languages: German, English, French & Spanish. Career: Journalist (1971-74). Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (197577); Director General of the Foreign Affairs (1975-77); Director General of the Foreign Relations, Division of West Europe of the Federal Chancellor Cabinet (1977-79); First Secretary in Charge of Economic Affairs, Embassy of Germany to Monrovia (Liberia) (1982-85); Writer for the questions concerning the Third-World, Member of Analysis and Estimate Group of The European Community, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1985-87); Advisor and delegate of permanent mission, Embassy of Germany to the United Nations (New York) (1987-90); Advisor to Nairobi / Kenya (1991-94); Head of the Somalian Division (1992-94); Chief of the relatedDivision for Latin America, Asia and Africa at the Foreign Political Affairs (1994-97); Chief of Cabinet of Federal President, Bonn / Berlin (1997-99); Ambassador of Germany in Myanmar Union (1999-2002); Ambassador to Ivory Coast (2002-05); Ambassador of Germany to Lebanon (2005-to date). Awards: Officer, Order of United Kingdom, Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Officer, Order of Merit from the Italian Republic; Officer, Order of Swedish Polar Star; Commander, Order Cross "Rio Branco" (Brazil); Commander, Order Cross "General José Dolores Estrala, Batalla de San Jacinto" (Nicaragua); Commander, Order Cross of Liberator (Venezuela); Order (3rd class) "Gorkha Dakshina Bahe" (Nepal); Commander, Order Cross "Aigle Aztèque" (Mexico); Commander, Order Cross of Royal of Merit (Norway); Commander, Order Cross of Civil Merit (Portugal); Commander, Order Cross of Merit (Germany). Addr.: Embassy of Germany, Rabieh, Mtaileb, near Jesus & Mary school. Tel.: 04/914444, Fax.: 04/914450, Mtaileb, Lebanon.

HABIB (Antoine), Bank Manager. Born on Sept. 21, 1951 in Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Alfred Habib (Shipping Agent) and Mrs., née Salma Fadel. Married on Apr. 25, 1982 to Miss Claude Bendaly, 3 children: Gratta (25.4.1983), Alfred (23.3.1987), Sonia (30.5.1989). Educ.: Collège des Frères, University of Paris 2 (Assas), University of St. Joseph, Beirut. Dipl.: MBA in French Law and a Licence in Lebanese Law. Career: Presviously, former chairman of the Port of Tripoli; Former General Manager of Fares Foundation; Manager at Wedge Bank and Banque de la Méditerranée. Sports practised: Skiing and swimming. Clubs and Associations: CCI & RDCL. Credit Cards: Visa, Mastercard. Prof. Addr.: Bank of Beirut SAL, Foch Str., Tel.: 01-985332, Beirut, Email: [email protected], Lebanon. HABIB (Farid), Member of Parliament. Born on Jan. 8, 1935 in Kosba, North Lebanon. Son of Ishac Youssef Habib. Married to Marie Fayad, 2 children: Ziad and Lara. Educ.: Higher Studies from Tripoli, Evangelical School (1952); Bachelor of Arts from AUB (1956). Career: Joined the Lebanese Kataëb Party (1976); Representative of the Lebanese Forces in Kornet Chahwan Meeting; Elected Deputy of Koura (North Lebanon) (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. HABIB (Fouad), Trader. Born on Nov. 30, 1950 in Beirut. Son of Michel Habib (Trader) and Mrs. Caroline Janho. Married in 1973 in Beirut to Anita Sansour, 3 daughters: Carla, Tania, Paola. Educ.: Adventist School Lebanon, Manchester University - London. Dipl.: MBA in Business Administration. Other Information: (Clubs and Associations), Member of Mar Elias traders ass.; Member of: Ligue Libanaise des grecs orthodoxes; President of Habib's family; Member of Lions ass.; Scout National des

HABACHI (René, Marc), Professor. Born in 1915. Son of Dr. Marc Habachi and Mrs., née Alice Boghos

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orthodoxes; Chairman, Ping Pong Co. Medals: Medal of Merit for the Foundation of Mar Elias Traders Association. Sports: Tennis, jogging and all kinds of sports. Hobbies: Hunting, travelling, tennis. Associations: Treasurer of Beirut Traders ass., Member of R.D.C.L. ass. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa (carte bleue). Prof. Addr.: Adonis near Lycée de ville, Habib Bldg., Tel.: 09217391/2, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ping Pong, Main Road, Mar Elias Str., Tel.: 01-303004, 815635, Beirut, Lebanon.

Kabbara Bldg., 1st floor, P.O.Box 125, Tel.: 06-431769, 615351, Tripoli, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Gumeizat Str., Habib Bldg., Ground floor, Tel.: 06-440158, 03-211277, Tripoli, Lebanon. HABIB (William, Farid), Diplomat. Born in 1947. Married to Nicole Georges Wardé. Son of Farid Habib (Ambassador) and Mrs., Hend née Tamer. Educ.: St. Joseph University (Beirut), Faculty of Aix-Marseille (France). Dipl.: Doctor (Political Sciences); D.E.A (Political and Economcial Sciences); Bachelor in French Law (Faculté de Lyon) and in Lebanese Law. Career: Consul at Sao Paolo (1973-78); Consul General in Rio de Janeiro (1978-79); Consul General at Marseille (1979-80); Head of International Section of the Political Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1980-82); Chief of Foreigners' Department (1982-84); Delegate a.i. to Unesco (1984-85); Ambassador to Sierra Leone (1985-88); Ambassador to Yugoslavia (1988-92); Ambassador to Jordan (1994-99); Ambassador to Austria, Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the UN Organizations in Vienna, non-resident Ambassador to Slovenia, Croatia and Slovakia (1999-2000); Ambassador to Greece, non resident Ambassador to Albania (2000-to date). Decor.: Great Cordon of the Yugoslav Flag; 1st Grade of the Jordanian Independence; Great Cross of the Order of Phoenix of the Hellenic Republic; High Commander of the Order of the Apostles Saint Peter and Paul. Prof.: Addr.: Lebanese Embassy, No. 6, 25th Martiou street - 154 52 Paleo Psychico, Athens, Greece, Tel.: 3210-6755873, Fax: 3210-6755612, E-mail: [email protected].

HABIB (Salim), Chairman - General Manager of Intercontinental Bank of Lebanon sal. Born on Mar. 18, 1937 in Tripoli (North Lebanon). Son of Yaacoub Habib And Mrs. Adèle Born Al Bort. Married on Oct. 6, 1968 to Miss Maguy Khlat, 4 children: Maya, Yaacoub, Rana, Karim. Educ.: Christian School - Pères Jésuites, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: M.A. in Business Administration. Career: Manager of Intra Bank in Tripoli (1964-69); Branch Manager of the BLF (Banque LibanoFrançaise) at Tripoli - Responsible for Batroun & Tebbaneh; Central Manager of Banque Libano-Française in Beirut-Sept. 1980; Assistant General Manager of BLF in Beirut as From 1984; General Manager of BLF in Beirut as from May 1986. Other Information: Deputy of the Lebanese National Assembly (1992-96). Member of the Board of Directors of Sofrace Insurance and Reinsurance; Member of the Board of Directors of CNSS (Caisse Nationale de la Sécurité Sociale), representing the Government; Member of the Board of Directors of Banque de l'Habitat; Member of the Association of Banks in Lebanon; Member of the Board of "Rassemblement des Dirigeants et Chefs d'Entreprises Libanais" (RDCL). Hobbies: Swimming, Tennis. Credit Cards: Platinum Visa, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Intercontinental Bank of Lebanon sal. Tel.: 01-200354, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Sioufi, Imm. Karam, Tel.: 01-423418, Beirut, Lebanon.

HABIS (Jean-Pierre, Fouad), Manufacturer, antiquary. Born on 28 Aug. 1929 in Beirut. Son of Fouad Habis. Married to Miss Mona Chehab, 2 children. Educ.: secondary. Career: Silversmith, antique dealer. Sports: Tennis and swimming. Hobby: Chemistry. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 11-6116, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Tueni Str., Melki Bldg., 2nd floor, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-321535, 216615, Beirut, Lebanon.

HABIB (Samir), General Agent. Born on 14 Dec. 1951 at al-Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Theodore-Habib General Agent and Mrs., née Layla Ghorayeb. Married on 5 July 1980 in Tripoli to Adele Habib. Educ.: Collège des Frères - Tripoli, St. Joseph University -Beirut, Université Catholique de Louvain - Belgique. Dipl.: B.A. (U.S.J.) Beirut, M.A. in International Marketing Belgique. Career: Beirut Riyad Bank, Beirut (1977); Wella Beirut (1978); Tudor Habib Ltd., Tripoli (1979); A.A. Kassar, Tripoli (1983); Tudor Habib Ltd. (1987-). Actually: President of Tudor Habib Ltd., Tripoli; Member of the Board Tripoli international Fair; Founding Member Economic Assembly - Tripoli, General Secretary Economic Assembly (1989-94). Sports: Ski, tennis, swimming, rally driving. Hobbies: Automobiles, computers, internet, satellites. Clubs: Club de l'Union Sportive - Tripoli. Credit Cards: American Express, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Tudor Habib Ltd., Tell Str.,

HABIS (Joseph, Salim), Banker, Businessman. Born on Apr. 29, 1943 in Miziara (North Lebanon). Son of Salim Habis (Honorary Consul of Lebanon in kano, Nigeria) and Mrs. née Geneviève Minaise. Married to Siham EL-Dana, 4 children: Chantal, Pascale, Joe Junior and Mia. Present Position Profession: Diplomat/ Businessman.Title: Dean of the Consular Corps in Lebanon, Honorary Consul General of the Republic of Singapore in Lebanon.Educ.: Business Administration. Career Experience: (1965): Owner and General Manager of Habis Travels Ltd. (I.A.T.A. Travel and Tourism Agency), in Kano and Lagos, Nigeria; (1966): Owner of Lebanese African Agency S.A.R.L. (I.A.T.A. Travel and Tourism Agency (two branches), Beirut-Lebanon; (1968): Manager at the General Management at "Audi Bank 144

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S.A.L.", Head Office, Beirut, Lebanon; (1971): Owner of Nigroup Company (Nails & Barbewire Manufactures), "First Industry of It's Kind" in Kano-Nigeria; (1973): Owner of Habis Company (London) Ltd. (Tourism Agency/Car Hire, Import & Export) Cromwell Road, London-England ; (1973) : Owner of "Cedars Aviation Ltd.", Beirut-Lebanon(Licence obtained for Executive Jets and Helicopters); (1974) : Heading Lebanese Official Delegation Mission at the Brazilian Arab Forum Held in Rio-de-Janeiro on May 21st. (1974): Founder, VicePresident and Member of the Board of Directors of Investment & Finance Bank S.A.L. "Infibank", Beirut, Lebanon; (1974): Founder, President, Managing Director and Member of the Board of Directors of the Real Estate Company of Lebanon "Sofil S.A.L." Which owns a Well Known Commercial Center in Beirut, Lebanon; (1974): Owner of Habis Company Ltd. S.A.R.L. (Import and Export), Habis Building, Ashrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon; (1974): Appointed Honorary Consul General of the Republic of Singapore in Lebanon; (1975): Founder and Member of the Board of Directors of Libano-Arab (Insurance and Reinsurance Company) Beirut-Lebanon; (1981): President of "the Development and Planification Committee for the Lebanese Metn Region-Lebanon"; (1986): Founder, President and Managing Director of Univest S.A.L. (Finance Co.), Beirut, Lebanon; (1986): Managing Director of "SOGEC" (société de Gestion des Centres Commerciaux S.A.R.L.) Management of Commercial Centers), Beirut, Lebanon; (1987): Elected Dean of the Consular Corps in Lebanon, 107 Consuls representing Overseas Countries, Website: www.consularcorps.com. (1992): Founder, Chairman and Managing Director of Sofil Catering S.A.L. BeirutLebanon which owns the following:- Sofil Catering(The Largest Catering Co. in Lebanon) - Le Relais Sofil(Luxury Restaurant Member of Relais & Chateaux) - Le Bistro Sofil (Resto);(1995): Member of Official Lebanese Delegation Headed by the Minister of Municipalities Mr. Suleiman Frangieh in Official Visit to the Vatican to meet H.H. Pope John Paul II, on 10th May 1995; (1997): Member of Official Lebanese Delegation Headed by the Minister of State for Financial Affairs Mr. Fouad Siniora in Official Visit to Singapore on 17th Feb. 1997; (1997): President and Managing Director of the well known Radio Broadcast Station "Saout al-Ghad", Lebanon; (1997): Member of the Official Lebanese Delegation Headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Fares Boueiz, to New York, to Attend the United Nations General Ordinary Session on 29th Sept. 1997; (1998): Member of Official Lebanese Delegation Headed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Fares Boueiz, in Official Visit to Russia and Belarus, on 1st Feb. 1998. (2003) : Owner of Sofil Co. SARL (Holding Company) Sofil Center, Beirut-Lebanon; (2004): Founder of the News Magazine "Consular Corps"on 17/11/04 Register NB. 795/2004, BeirutLebanon. Awards: "Diplôme de Reconnaissance de la

Médaille d'Or"- Union et Maintien(Bruxelles, 1969); "Diplôme de Commandeur"; société "Les Sauveurs de l'Yonne" (France, 1974);"Diploma de Academico"Academia de Ciencia Humanisticas(republica Dominica, 1975); "Académico en Humanidades"- Honoris Causa(Buenos A ires-Argentina, 1975); "Public Service Star" (Singapour, 1996); "Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Cèdre" (Liban, 1997). Prof.Addr.: Main Office: Achrafieh, Sofil Center, P.O.Box 165 660(Achrafieh), Beirut 1100 2060, Lebanon, Tel.: 00961(1) 200786 & 00961 (1) 200787, Fax: 00961 (1) 201058, E-mail: [email protected]. 2nd Office: Achrafieh, Joseph Habis Building, P.O.Box 166 730(Achrafieh), Beirut 1100 2150, Lebanon, Tel.: 00961 (1) 200783 & 00961 (1) 332092, Fax : 00961 (1) 215998, E-mail : [email protected]. HABIS (Naji), Insurer. Bom on 05/03/1944 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Cesar Habis (Trader) and Mrs., née Simone Asseily. Married on 27 Aug. 1971 in Beirut to Andrée Geahchan, 2 children: César born 29 June 1972, Joumana born 1 Sept. 1974. Educ.: Secondary Studies: Collège de la Salle - Ecole des Frères; University Studies: Economic Sciences - St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Economic Sciences. Career: Working experience in the Insurance field since 1969. Actual employment/ Post mainly: Since 1977: General Manager/ Lebanon Branch Libano-Suisse SAL Insurance Company; Since 1982: Deputy General Manager/ of the whole Company LibanoSuisse SAL Insurance Company in addition General Manager/ Lebanon Branch Libano-Suisse SAL Insurance Company; Since 1996 up to Aug. 1999: General Manager of the whole Company Libano-Suisse SAL Insurance Company; Since Nov. 1999 to 2002: Deputy General Manager of al-Mashrek Ins. & Reins, sal ; Since Oct. 2002 to date: Director & Shareholder in Gras Savoye Liban/ Willis Worldwide Insurance Consultant; In July 2001 appointed by Lebanese Court legal administrator for the Run-off of the Assicurazioni Generalli (Lebanon Branch). Other professional activities: Member of Board of director's ACAL (Association des compagnies d'Assurances au Liban); General Secretary (1990-93) ACAL (Association des Compagnies d'Assurances au Liban); Vice-President (1996-99) ACAL (Association des Compagnies d'Assurances au Liban); President of LIP'S POOL (Lebanese Industrial Pool) at ACAL (1997-99); President of BBB'S Pool (Banker's Blanket Bond Pool at ACAL; Member of Board of Director's since 1983 CEA (Centre des études d'assurances) USJ (St. Joseph University); Member of board of director's since 1983 ALDA (Association Libanaise des droits des Assurances); Member of RDCL (Rassemblement des chefs d'entreprises Libanaises); Member of the Board Financial Manager Lebanese Association for Blinds Baabda-Lebanon. Awards: Honor's & Merit's Medals & decorations from ACAL (Association des Compagnies 145

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in Meifadoun (Nabatieh, South Lebanon). Educ.: Elementary and Complementary Studies at Nabatieh Public Schools, Secondary Studies at Ibn Sina Institute (1962). Dipl.: Diploma of Assistant Engineer in Electronics (1964); Diploma in Law, Lebanese University (1968); Diploma of High Studies in Public Law (19?4), and in Private Law (1978). Career: Worked as Assistant Engineer in Electronics for several years at Radio Amchit and the PTT; Chief at the Department Affairs of the Lebanese Army (1969-72); Section Controller-Chief at the Ministry of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources (1974-94); Government Commissioner at the National Office of the Litani River (1979-94); appointed Chief of the Department Affairs at the Council of Ministers (1994-99); appointed General Director of Exploitation at the Ministry of Energy and Water (since Jan. 1999). Other Informations: Followed several trainings abroad: Holland and Germany (1965), Italy (1969), France (1981, 1987), also in Lebanon at the Council for Civil Services (1991) and in the Office of the Ministry of State for Administrative Development. Addr.: c/o Ministry of Energy and Water, Comiche du Fleuve, Beirut, Lebanon.

D'Assurances Libanaises). Sports: Footing, swimming. Hobbies: Oldest Music, reading. Clubs: A.T.C.L., La Collina, RDCL, ALDA. Credit Cards: Visa, MasterCard, Diner's Club, Link. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Sodeco, Imm. Sodeco 6 (Right Angle) en face de French Café, Tel.: 03605111, Fax: 01-218914, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Bayada, Kornet-Chehwan, Tel.: 04-912555, 03-605111, Lebanon. HACHEM (Abbas, El), Businessman, Member of Parliament. Born on Dec. 25, 1954 in Torzia, Caza of Jbeil. Married to Amai Ibrahim, 4 children. Educ.: Official Secondary School and Kaslik University (Jbeil). Dipl.: Business Administration. Career: Businessman; Elected Deputy (2005-to date). Pubi.: Author of a Book "Massaie wa Tatalloat". Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. HACHEM (Boulos-Munged), Nuncio, Former Archbishop of Baal-beck-Deir el-Ahmar. Born in Akoura, Lebanon on 8 Sept. 1934. Educ.: Religions studies at Am Waraka and Ghazir; Philosophy at University of St. Joseph; Theology at St. Sulpice and the Catholic University in Paris. Dipl.: In Press, Higher Social Studies, Higher International Studies, Syriac, Aramean and modern hebrew languages, Doctorate in Law, Doctorate in Theology (1965). Career: Ordained Priest in Paris (1959); Priest in Paris (1959-65); Vicar of the diocese of NotreDame de Lourdes and Mar Nohra, Beirut, artd Professor at St. Joseph University (1965-67); Director of Arab Programs, Vatican-Radio, Rome (1967-70); Co-director at the Vatican Press Bureau and the Pontifical Commission of Social Communications (1970-78) appointed in 1978 at the International Section of the Vatican Secretariat; and appointed Professor of Islamic Law at the University of Latran (Chair which he still holds); Ordained Archbishop of the Maronite rite of Baalbeck and Deir el-Ahmar, Lebanon, on Sept. 13, 1995; Appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Kuwait(2005- ). Addr.: Baalbeck, Lebanon and Maronite Patriarchate, Bkerke, Lebanon.

HACHEM (Joseph, Hachem, al-), Former minister. Born on 7 Feb. 1937. Son of Hachem al-Hachem (former detective) and Mrs., née Knou'a Abou Chakra. Married on 3 May 1968 to Miss Thérèse Kairuz, 3 children: Roula, Hachem and Nizar. Educ.: La Sagesse College, St. Joseph University. Dipl.: In Arabic Literature. Career: Professor until 1974; wrote a daily column in the daily "al-Amal" journal under "A Dot of Ink"; Chief of cabinet of the Minister of Education; Kataeb political chief for the Shuf region; formerly Director General of the "Voice of Lebanon - Broadcasting"; Minister of P.T.T. and Health (1984). Pubi: A book and a political study of the war. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Hunting. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Sioufi/Descente Sassine, face V.D.L., Bourj elAbiad Bldg., 10th floor, Tel.: 01-204000, 202299, 03344340, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Orthodox Hospital Str., Jeetawi, Tel.: 01-336900, Beirut, Lebanon and Adma, Zarka Quarter, Tel.: 09-918888, 937777, Lebanon.

HACHEM (Georges), Member in the Military Counsel. Born on March 26, 1950 at Jdeideh (Caza Marjeyoun) South Lebanon. Married to Afaf Wadih Mahfouz, 2 children: Diana and Ralph. Educ.: Primary, Elementary and Secondary at St. Maristes Brothers; Champville School (1969). Dipl.: Bachelor in Law and Bachelor of Arts in History from Lebanese University. Languages: Arabic, French and English. Career: officer (1969); Artillery Platoon Commander (1972); Brigadier General (1999); Member in the Military Counsel (2005- ). Awards: Obtained Several National and Foreign Medals. Addr.: Ministry of Defense, Yarzé, Lebanon.

HACHEM (Kassem), Dentist, Member of Parliament. Born in 1960 in Chebea, South Lebanon. Married to Dr. Ramzieh Sabeh Ai'n. Educ.: Bachelor of Arts in Political Sciences and Dentist from Damascus University. Career: Dentist; Joined the "Baath Arab Socialist Party" (1975); Engaged several guidance Missions for this Party; Member of the Disciplinary Council to the Syndicate of Dentistry; Elected Deputy of Marjeyoun (2000 - to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. HACHEM (Moustapha, Bey), Member of Parliament. Born on March 21, 1946 in Bebnine, Akkar. Married to MahaAli Omar, 3 children: Fadi (1975), Zeina(1981), Jad

HACHEM (Hassan), General Director of Exploitation at the Ministry of Energy and Water. Born on June 8, 1944

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HADDAD

(1989). Educ.: Beirut, Arab University. Dipl.: Bachelor in Commercial Sciences (1969). Career: Participated to the foundation of "Akkar Youth Club" (1969) then he became the Secretary General and organized the "Future Party" in Akkar (1989); Elected Deputy of Akkar (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

ex-assistant Professor at the University of Munich; Owner of the Haddad Hospital (Wardieh) formerly Gemayze General Hospital, Beirut. Award: Golden MeHal in Research and Medicine. Sports: Tennis, swimming. Hobbies: Music and sailing. Prof. Addr.: Haddad Hospital (Wardieh), Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 17-5272, Tel.: 01-447980/81, 446668, Beirut, Lebanon.

HACI (Ibrahim), Ambassador of Algeria to Lebanon. Educ.: Graduate from National Administration School, Diplomatic Section, Algiers (1983). Career: Diplomatic Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1983-1987); Advisor to the Algerian Diplomatic Mission in Iran (19871991); in Ethiopia (1995-1997); in Greece (1997-2000); Attaché at the Minister of foreign Affairs in charge of synthesis & studies; Appointed Ambassador of Algeria to Lebanon (2004 -). Addr.: Embassy of Algeria, Jnah, facing Summerland Hotel, P.O.Box 11-4794, Tel.: 01826711/712, Beirut, Lebanon.

HADDAD (Farid, Sami), Surgeon urologist. Born on 4 May 1922 in New York, NY, USA. Son of Dr Sami I. Haddad (Professor of Surgery at AUB and founder of the Orient Hospital) and Mrs., née Lamia Morcos. Married on 18 Sept. 1949 to Miss Huda Fawwaz, 3 children: Sami, Ranwa and Ziad. Educ.: British Syrian Training College, College Protestant Français, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. in med. (1941), M.D. (1948), Fellow of the American College of Surgeon ( 1957), Diplomate of the American Board of Urology (1960). Career: Intern (Medicine) at AUB (1948-49), Resident (Surgery) Orient Hospital of Beirut (1950-51), Resident (Urology) Presbyterian Hospital and Assistant (Urology) University of Illinois (1951-53) Chicago, Special Fellow (Urology) Memorial Center and Member of Research Team Cornell University New York (1953-54), Surgeon Urologist (195474) and Director of the Orient Hospital Beirut (1957-74), Surgeon Urologist and President of the Marj'uyuwn Governmental Hospital (1972-77); Surgeon and Chief of Staff Obeid Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1977-81), Chief of Urology, VAMC, Phoenix, Arizona (1981-93), and Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson (1987 to date). Pubi: Author of "Tubercular Lymphadenitis with elephantiasis of the scrotum" (1950), "Hydatid disease in Lebanon" (1950), "The Incidence of the Rh factor in the ME" (1951), "Pheochromocytoma" (1951), "Lapinone" (1951), "Bilateral adrenalectomy in cancer" (1952), "Electrolytic effect of ammonium" (1954). "Radioactive zinc and the prostate (1954), "Primary carcinoma of the ureter" (1958), "Male sterility" (1963), "Disturbances of ejaculation" (1963), "Ectopic kidney" (1964), "Foreign bodies in the bladder" (1965), "Treatment of warts" (1966), "Spermogram and sterility" (1967), "Lymphography" (1967), "The male vagina" (1967), "Pioneers of Arabian Medicine'1 (1968), "Albucasis" (1968), "Colonel Rami (1855-1916)" (1968), "Dr. Ibrahim Najjar (1827-64) - first MD. in Lebanon" (1968), "Polydactyly and syndactyly" (1968), "Chondromixoid fibroma" (1969), '"Large solitary renal adenoma" (1969), "Musnad 'Umar 2nd" (1970), "A new simple surgical procedure in the management of celes and cysts (1971), "Hydrocele, impotence and interstitial cell tumor of the testicle" (1971), "Les principes déontologiques dans la médecine arabe (1972), "L'Enseignement de la Médecine en Arabe" (1973), "Arab Medicine and Society" (1974), "Esquisses Cliniques Arabes" (1974), "L'Organisation des Hôpitaux dans la société Arabe" (1975), "Avicenna" (1975), "Arab Medical

HADDAD (Antoine, Dr.), Former Member of Parliament, M.D. Born in 1937 at Ain Safsaf, Bikfaya. Married to Henriette Haddad née Bou-Doumet, 3 children: Héléna, Sleiman, Ghassan. Educ.: Besançon School, Pères Jesuites (Bikfaya), Couvent St. Jean des Pères Chouerites (Khanchara), American University of Beirut, Lyon University, France. Dipl.: Doctor in general Medicine, Lyon University (1962), France. Career: Doctor in Medicine, Elected Deputy (1996, Elected second mendate deputy 2000-2005); Member of the Parliament Office; Member of two Parliamentary Commissions. Addr.:Bikfaya, route de Naas, Haddad Bldg., Tel.:04986040, 984535, 980575, 03-611575, Bikfaya, Lebanon. HADDAD (Ay m an), Consulting / Executive Search. Born on Feb. 12, 1968 in Ain Dara, Lebanon. Son of Rachid Haddad, (Bank's Director) and Mrs Aida Sfeir. Educ.: University of Chicago - USA; Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France. Dipl.: MBA; MS Computer Science. Career: ACCENTURE - Manager (1990-94); PWC Consulting - Partner (1994-2002); Mak Holdings - Deputy CEO (2002-2005); Hidrick & Struggles - Partner (2005-to date). Sports Practiced: Ski, Rafting, Tennis. Prof. Addr.: 3 Burlington gardens, London, WIS 3EP. Tel.: +442070754221; Fax: +442070754188. Priv. Addr.: Kiameh Bldg., 3rd floor, Mar Takla, Hazmieh, Lebanon. Email: [email protected] HADDAD (Elie, Dib), Surgeon, professor in general surgery. Born on 24 July 1941 at Kabbelias, Lebanon. Son of Dib Haddad (titled expert in Construction) and Mrs. Malaki Haddad. Educ.: Kabbelias Elementary School; Universal College of Aley; American University of Beirut; University of Munich, Munich (Germany). Dipl.: Dr. in Medicine; Dr. in Surgery; Professor Dr. in General Surgery. Career: Surgeon, Professor in General Surgery; 147

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

ants and staples; The splendor of Arabic medicino - a historical overview; The Orient Hospital - A pioneering Institution; New modalities of diagnosis and treatment introduced into Lebanon at The Orient Hospital; Inguinal hernias are more common on the right side; Hydroceles are more common on the right side; Appendicitis and urolithiasis; Simultaneous bilateral lymphosarcoma of the testicles; Cervical spina bifida; Ectopic ureter - Review of the littérature with a case report; Fibroadenoma of the breast; Iatrogenic inhibition of ejaculation; Insulinoma - a case report; Chromosome anomalies in male infertility; Congenital intercalation or transposition of the epididymis between two sections of vas deferens associated with an azospermic abdominal testicle; Annual Report of the Orient Hospital; Marin Marais and his "Tableau de l'opération de la taille" (1725); [Ibn Zuhr's contributions to Surgery]; In Memoriam Rosa Lee Nemir (1905-92); Re: Transitional cell carcinoma in a tuberculous kidney: case report and review of the literature; and Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder; 1995: Original contributions of physicians during the Islamic era; 1996: The Weigert-Meyer law demystified; [ibn almutraan]; Coccidioidomycosis of the genitourinary tract with special emphasis on the epididymis and the prostate - Four case reports and review of the literature; Metastatic renal cell carcinoma - Late recurrence and prolonged survival; WF Whitmore II; Subcutaneous abscess and gangrene of the penis - Report of four cases; 1997: At the foot of Mount Hermon. Phoenix: Shad Board; Various modalities of ureteral obstruction from cancer with graphic representation; Sami Ibrahim Haddad (1890-1957); Michael Abraham Shadid (1882-1966); and Down under the veil - A surgeon in Saudi Arabia (1997); 1998: ibn alhaytham (Alhazen (c 965-1039 AD) and his modem theory of vision; Introductory overview and classification useful in the management of stone disease; Medical treatment of BPH; The Commentary of Palladius on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates which had disappeared, is recently found in an Arabic translation; Tabular form in four Arabic medical texts from the 11th century; ibn albayTaAr (c 1197-1248); New Arabic Transliteration System for computer use and for printing; Shafik Hatem (1910-88) - From Hammana to Beijing; Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with endometrioid features; Glean >ngs in Urology from Arabic medical littérature; Renal fibrohistiocytic sarcoma: three cases and a review of the littérature; 1999: Abdominal aneurysms and the Urologist; Renal cell carcinomata with slow growth and prolonged survival; Metastases to the ureter review of the World littérature and 3 new case reports. 2000: Medical Relations between the United States and Lebanon. 2001: Prices, Wages, and coinage of over 100 years age: the LewisHaddad diary (1883-89); A first class man in every particular - Dr. Sami I Haddad (1890-1957). Spicelegia Polychromatic Gleanings. 2002: From Phoenicia to Phoenix, al Hantakuwr, The Commentary of Palladius on

Ethics" (1979), "Gleanings of anesthesia in Lebanon" (1980), "Arab medical manuscripts in the Sami I Haddad Memorial Library" (1981), "Penile strangulation by human hair" (1982), "Blood groups in marj'uyuwn" (1983), "Guide to diagnostic imaging" [2 vols] (1984), "Doubling time of prostatic cancer" (1984), "Ibn aljazzar's monograph on urolithiasis" (1984). "Edwin Rufus Lewis (1839-1907)" (1984), "Penile metastases" (1984), "Cavernosography" (1985), "Silica stones" (1985). "Amniotic fluid embolism" (1985), "Perineal seeding and implantation of prostatic cancer" (1985), "AlraAziy" (1985), "Chromosome changes in kidney, ureter and bladder cancer" (1986), "Lower tract urolithiasis after prostatectomy" (1986), "Alzheimer's disease with refluxes" (1987), "Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder" (1987), " C T of hematoceles" (1987), "Abdominal tuberculosis" (1987), "Surgical firsts in Arabic medical literature" (1987), "Epidermoid cyst of the testicle" (1988), "Familial double orchidomata" (1988), "Arab andrology and sexology" (1988), "Urethral foreign bodies" (1988), "Congenital epididymal anomalies" (1988), "Narrowings" (1989), "Psoralens" (1989), "CiyraAziy" (1989), "Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate" (1989), "Pyelo-renal Backflow" (1989), "Two of the earliest röntgenograms in Lebanon" (1989), "Spinal diverticula in ankylosing spondylitis" (1990), "Latin translations of Arabic medical works" (1990), "alqalqaCandy" (1990), "River of destiny" (1990), "ibn zuhr" (1990), "Renal histiocytoma" (1991), "Partial cystectomy" (1991), "Uterine lithiasis" (1991), "Renal papillary necrosis" (1991), "Coronal hemostatic suture for partial nephrectomy" (1991), "The near drowning of the father of American Urology" (1991), "Lebanon-Armenian relations in the medical field" (1991), "Partial cystectomy for bladder cancer a new technique" (1991), "Combined cystoscopic and transcutaneous trocar urethral catheterization: a new technique (1992), Simple excision of a giant renal oncocytoma with 3 3-year-survival" (1992), "Spontaneous paroxysmal ptyalism" (1992), "Renal cell carcinoma with calcification and ossification insulated in the renal capsule" (1992), "Highlights in the history of Urology in the Middle East Countries" (1992), "Lithiasis in the ileal conduit" (1992), "Infections after prostatic needling" (1992), "Orchidomata in the elderly on the rise" (1992), "Tuberculosis of the calcaneus" (1992), "Vaginal ureterolithotomy" (1992). Titillation of the colliculus seminalis (1992), Penile secondary tumor (1992), Highlights on the History of Medicine in the Middle East (1992); 1993: Urethroprostatic and urethro-vesicular refluxes; A new approach in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer- FISH analysis of urine, bladder washings, and tumors; and An introduction to the early history of the caesarean operation and its illustrations; 1994: Immunohistochemical reactivity and histogenesis of renalcell carcinoma; Adhesion of the labia minora (female phimosis or urocolpos) in the elederly; Sutures, ligatures,

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HADDAD Association (1969-70), Lebanese Surgery Association (1971-72). Member of: International Society of Urology (1955), of Lebanese Endocrinology Society (1963), International Society for the History of Medicine (1966), Alpha Omega Alpha (1967), The Lebanese Association of General Surgery (1970), Arab Academy of Damascus (1972), American Association for the History of Medicine (1981), Maricopa County Medical Association (1982), Phoenix Urological Association (1982), Arizona Medical Association (1982), The American Urological Association (1982), Association of VA Surgeons (1982), Arizona Urological Society (1983), American Medical Association (1984), AUB Alumni Surgical Society of North America (1984), Osier Club (1985-88), Association of Military Surgeons of North America (1985), The History of Science Society (1986), Arab American Medical Association (1987). Hobby: Arabic Medical Manuscripts. Priv. Addr.: 4403 E. Clearwater Pkwy, Paradise Valley, A Z 85253, USA.

the Aphorisms of Hippocrates which had disappeared, is recently found in a Arabic translation; Medical relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Arab countries; ibn salluwn translation of Paracelsus; Highlights on the history of medicine in the Middle East; and Twoscore and ten years of Urology. 2003: Tabular form in four Arabic medical texts from the 11th century; One hundred and one lascivious dreams; and Sources and contributions of Arabo-islamic ethics. 2004: A case of unusual and paradoxical paralysis by alraAzi; alzahraAwiy's management of skull fractures and spinal dislocation; Sources and contributions of Arabo-islamic medical ethics; The fiftieth wedding anniversary of Dr Stuart and Jean Ann Nemir (05 18); Arab Medicine and Islamic Hospitals; Baron Larrey, a role model to be emulated; aIjadydfy alTibb ilaA nihâ' alHaSyd ma* târyC alHurwf aVarabìyyé [Recent advances in Medicine and final gleanings - History of the Arabic Script] (in Arabic) Vol III of the Complete Arabic Works of Dr Sami I Haddad; Medicine and Mathematics; Medicine and Mathematics; Myths in Oncology; ibn zuhr and experimental tracheostomy and tracheotomy; Arab Medicine and Arab Hospitals; Catalogue of the Arabic manuscripts in the Library of Dr Fuad S Haddad, 2005: Of the Billroths and Beethovens; Spicilegia ll\ Introduction; Evolution of Urology; Condyloma of the bladder, Complications of intravesical BCG; Urolithiasis; Recent advances in urolithiasis; Uterine stones; Vaginal stones; AlHaSât albawliyyé; Vesical stones - historical synopsis; Strides in fifty years; Skin metastases; Cancrum (Noma) Oris; Breast cancer - Long-term survival (32 years) after radical mastectomy - three case reports; Paroxysmal Sialorrhea; General Classification of Foreign bodies; FB in the aerodigestive tract; Fish bones; Migration of foreign bodies; Short case reports of foreign bodies; St Elian (with Ibrahim S Haddad); Sutures, ligatures, ants and staples; Sources and contributions of Arabo-Islamic Ethics; 'unâny Medical Ethics; Dr Mary Eddy (1864-1923); Who is the author of Arabic words in English ? Background of anesthesia in Lebanon; History of post-doctoral clinical training at the SPC and A U B Hospitals; Fire at the AUB Hospital; Abbreviations; Book Reviews: Saleeby's Surgery and Society, Audi's Dictionary, and Milki's Lebanese Amber; Echoes; Catalogue of Dr Farid S Haddad Library Volume 1 History of Medicine; Catalogue of Dr Farid S Haddad Library Volume 2 Urology; albustân (volume 2 of Dr Sami Haddad's Complete works); Laryngeal cancer and its remote metastases; Faramiyn of the mamâlyks. Editor of: The Annual Report of the Orient Hospital (1954-74), the Lebanese Medical Journal (1960-69), and Alumni Directories (1959-65). Award: Knight, Officer, and Commander of the National Order of the Cedars (1961, 1971 & 1990). President: of Lebanese Urology Association (1957-67), Alumni Association (1959-61), Lebanon Chapter, of the A C S (1964), Lebanese Society for the History of Medicine (1968-69), Lebanese Medical

H A D D A D (Fuad, Sami), Neurosurgeon. Born in 1924 in Beirut. Son of Dr. Sami Haddad (General Surgeon) and Mrs., née Lamia Morcos. Married in 1956 in Beirut to Miss Aida Nasir, six children: George, Suhail, Fadi, Nabih, Labib and Janane. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.S. (1942); B.A. (1944); M.D. (1948); F R C S (1955); FACS (1956). Career: Training in Orient Hospital in General Surgery (1948-50); Training in Neurosurgery at M c Gill University in Montreal (1950-55); Neurosurgeon in Chief at Orient Hospital (1954-74) and Neurosurgeon of the American University Hospital (1954-) and Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery in American University Hospital (1970); Emeritus Professor (1999). Pubi: Wrote about 145 articles in medicine, edited a book on Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Editor in Surgical Neurology, Pan Arab Journal of Nurosurgery, previously editor-in-chief of the Lebanese Medical Journal and Middle East Medical Journal. Founder of: The Lebanese Neurosurgical Society, Middle East Neurosurgical Society, Chapter of American College of Surgeons in Lebanon, Society of Pediatric Surgeons in Lebanon, Lebanese Cancer Society, Lebanese Surgical Society. Member: of several national and international surgical and specialty societies. Prof. Addr.: Abdul Aziz Str., Baalbaki Bldg., 3rd floor. Tel.: 01-347348 Beirut and American University of Beirut, P.O.Box 1136044, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Madame Curie Str., Abdul Razzak Himadeh Str. 86, Haddad Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-812045, Beirut, Lebanon. HADDAD (Gregoire, Amine, H.E. Mgr.), Archbishop. Born "Nakhle" on 25 Sept. 1924 at Souk alGharb (Lebanon). Son of Amine Haddad and Mrs., née Mathilde Nawfal. Educ.: Nahda al-Watanie School (Deir Ach-Chir Monastery), St. Joseph University Beirut.

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Career: Ordained priest in the Greek Catholic Diocese of Beirut on Apr. 23, 1949, Secretary of the Greek Catholic Archbishopric of Beirut (1949-50), General Vicar (195165), Raised to the dignity of Bishop in charge of Palmyras, Auxiliary of the Eparchy of Beirut (Aug. 1965), Patriarcal Vicar, Administrator the Archbishop of Beirut (1967-75). Liberated from the Archbishopric of Beirut (1975), Archbishop of Baalbeck per interim (1979). Pubi.: One of the animators of the oecumenical groups of St. Irenee of Beirut, General Chaplain of several movements of Catholic Action in Lebanon until 1956, Initiator of the Movement of evangelical evenings (1956), Chaplain of the Brotherhood of the Sick People in Lebanon (1957), Founder of the social movement (1957) for the economic and social development, then of the Oasis of Hope inspired by the Abbe Pierre (1959), Founder of several coordination groups in the framework of the social movement such as Sumer camps (1962), dispensaries (1963), Clubs (1965) centers of alphabétisation (1967), Associate founder of the Social movement for the development of housing (1972), Co-founder of the "Afaq" review (1974). Priv. & Prof. Addr.: c/o Mouvement Social, P.O.Box 116-5212, Beirut, Lebanon; Greek Catholic Archbishopric, Zahlé, rue NotreDame de la Délivrance, Tel.: 08-820540, Lebanon.

Beirut, Lebanon. HADDAD (Nouhad, Wadi'), Lyrical artist, See FAYROUZ. HADDAD (Raja, Elias), Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon. Born in 1941 in Lebanon. Son of Elias Haddad and Mrs., née Linda Saleeby. Married in 1969 in Beirut to Miss Mona Jabra. 2 sons: Elie and Nadim. Educ.: International College, American University of Beirut, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Dipl.: B.S., M.D., Surgery Certificate, American Board of Surgery Certificate, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Certificate, American Board of Thoracic Surgery Certifícate. Career: Associate Clinical Professor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at the AUB (since 1977); Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery at the AUB; consultant at other hospitals in Beirut. Prof. Addr.: Hamra, Abdul Aziz Str., Cinema Orly Bldg., 2nd floor, (face Hôpital Khoury), Tel.: 01-363480, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Rabye, Tel.: 04-418532, Lebanon. HADDAD (Robert, M.), Arab-American acadcmic. Born on Oct. 1, 1930 in New York. USA. Married, 1 son, 3 daughters. Educ.: University of Pittsburgh, USA, University of Michigan, USA, Harvard University, USA. Dipl.: B.Sc., M.A., Ph.D. in History and Middle Eastern Studies. Career: History Lecturer at Smith College; Northampton, Massachussetts, USA (1960-65), Assistant Professor of History (1965-68), Associate Professor of History and of Religion (1968-73), Professor of History and of Religion (1973-82); Sophia Smith Professor of History and Professor of Religion (1982-93); Sophia Smith Professor of History and Professor of Religion, Emeritus; President, American University of Beirut (199319.12.1996). Chairman, Department of History, Smith College (1973-77); President, Orthodox Theological Society, America (1974-76); Member of the Middle East Studies Association, Eastern Orthodox/Roman Catholic Theological Consultation and the American Historical Association. Pubi.: "Syrian Christians in Muslim Society: an Interpretation", Princeton University, Press (1970); "The Ottoman Empire in the Contemporary Middle East", "Aftermath of Empire", Smith College (1975); "On Melkite Passage to the Unia: the Case of Cyril al Za'im (1672-1720)", Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, Holmes and Meier (1982); "Iconoclasts and Mu'tazila: the Politics of Anthropomorphism", Byzantium and Islami, Hellenic College Press (1982); "Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam: An Historical Overview", The Greek Orthodox Theological Review (1986); "Eastern Christians in Contemporary Arab Society", The Vatican, Islam and the Middle East, Syracuse University Press (1987); "Why Not an Islamic State?", International Area Studies Programs, Occasional Papers, University of Massachussetts (1989); "The Conversion of Eastern

HADDAD (Mario, Georges), Founder and director of companies. Born on 11 Apr. 1936 in Beirut. Son of Georges Haddad. Educ.: Jesuits College of Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certifícate), legal studies. Career: Merchant, Co-founder of "Les Fils de Georges Haddad & Co.", Theatres and Discotheque operators: Empire Chain (Empire, Colisée, Edison, Eldorado and Etoile cinemas), Distributors of Columbia Pictures, Top-Ten: The Empire Discotheque, chairman and director general of S.L.D. (société Libanaise du Disque). Member: Automobile and Touring Club of Lebanon. Hobbies: Music and Hi-Fi systems Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 4680, Tel.: 01-616600, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Trabaud Str., Chahine Khoury Bldg., 8th floor, Tel.: 01602737, 333262, Beirut Lebanon. HADDAD (Nadim, Α.), Ophtalmologist, member of research institute. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: American University of Beirut, Harvard University, USA. Dipl.: M.D., specialization in ophtalmology at AUB, M.P.H. (Master of Public Health) from Harvard University. Career: Joined the Microbiology Institute of the said University (as research associate in microbiology, seconded by Harvard University to the American University of Beirut (Oct. 1963) with the special assignment of research into trachoma in Lebanon. Act. & Pubi.: Conducted research works (6 years) with a team of scientists in Saudi Arabia, Portugal, USA. Member: Microbiology Institute, Harvard University. Priv. Addr.: Ramlet el-Baida, Beau Rivage Bldg., Tel.: 01-802161,

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Christians to the Unia", Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Communities in Medieval Islamic Lands, "Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies in Toronto" (1990); Constantinople over Antioch, 1516-1724: Patriarchal Politics in the Ottoman Era", The Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1990). Hobby: Carpentry. Prof. Addr.: c/o American University of Beirut, 850 3rd Avenue, 18th floor, New York, N.Y. 10022-6297, U.S.A.

and Dzovinar. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Cambridge and Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, London, diploma (1967). Career: Actor, stage director since 1967, "Levon Chant" Company (1967-70) and "Theater 67" Company (since 1970). Work: 16 productions: A. Miller, Ibsen, Chekov, P.Weiss, Labiche, E.Albee, H.Pinter, H.Simon, Shakespear, H.Baronian, Sountoukian, L. Chant. 4 productions in Armenia in "Sountoukian", "Dramatikagan", Leninagan and T.V. and 4 productions in Aleppo (1976-77). 1 production in Tehran (1973) "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woulf. Hobby: Music. Addr.: Mar Mikhael, Hadichian Bldg., 4th floor, Armenia Str., Tel.: 01-446073, 444623, Beirut, Lebanon.

HADDAD (Sami), Minister of Economy and Trade. Born on Aug. 26, 1950, Beirut. Son of Farid Sami Haddad (Medical Doctor) and Mrs Huda Fawaz. Married on Oct. 3, 1974 in Istanbul to Mrs Hanan Fakhoury, 2 children: Karim (Nov. 21, 1978), Rayya (Nov. 2, 1980). Educ.: Collège Protestant Français; International College; AUB; University of Wisconsin - Madison. Dipl.: BA-MA, AUB; Poste Graduate Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison. Career: Société Générale Libano-Européenne de Banque (1973-77); Banque du Liban, Assistant to the Governor (1979-81); World Bank Group, beginning in 1981 as a Young Professional and ending in 2005 as Director Middle East and North Africa at the International Finance Corporation ; Minister of Economy and Trade (July 2005 - to date). Other Information: Publication: The Impact of the Banking System on the Economic Development of Lebanon ( MA thesis). Sports Practiced: Tennis. Hobby: Stamp Collecting. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Economy and Trade, Assaf Bldg., Artois Street, Hamra. Tel.: 01-340504/5, Fax: 01-354640. Priv. Addr.: Nada Bldg., 825 John Kennedy Street, Ain el Mreisseh, Beirut, Lebanon.

HADICHIAN (Zaven, Kevork), Artist Sculptor, Academy Professor. Born on Feb. 18, 1932 in Beirut, Lebanon. Educ.: (1949-52): Academic Libanaise des Beaux Arts-Beirut; (1952-58): L'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts, Paris; (1952-54): Studied with Hubert Yensses (Le Corps Humain), (1954-56) with Marcel Gimond (Le Portrait), (1956-58) with Alfred Janniot (Le Bas-Relief and l'Art Monumental). Career: Artist Sculptor, First Lebanese Professor of Sculpture in Lebanon; Author of new academy designer program at the Lebanese Fine Arts; (1960-82): Professor, Académie Libanaise des Beaux Arts (ALBA); (1966-87): Professor, Institut des Beaux Arts - INEA (Lebanese University); (1980-82): Professor, Fine Arts Institute - USEK (Kaslik). Exhibitions: Held Exhibitions in 1954 in the Petit Palais, Paris, Foreign Artists in France; (1963): Alecco Saab; (1982): USEK, Kaslik; (1987): La Toile, Rimai; (195886): Participation at Salons d'Automne, de Printemps, and several collective exhibitions; (1993-94): Participation at 18th Biennale of Alexandria; (1987-): Emmagosse Gallery; (1996-): Elias Abou Chabke Museum; (2002-): German Cultural Center. Works: (1963): The Big Monument of Bikfaya and the Monument of Saint Charbel, Annaya; Monument NETTEH - Armenian Heros, Boston; Bust, Catholicos Zareh 1er, Aleppo; two big Busts in Bronze, Anjar; Bust in Bronze, Simon Vratzian (Prime Armenian Minister) (1918-20); Held about a Hundred works in Marbre, Bronze and terre-cuire, the Name of the Artist exists in "L'Art et le Monde Moderne", Editions Larousse 1974; Monument for the Painter and Philosopher Gibran Khalil Gebran at City Center Beirut; Monument at Bourj Hammoud (Protection; 2 works in the Ibrahim Sursock (Couple et Victoire). Prizes: (1954 and 1955): 1st Prize at Beaux Arts, Paris; (1965): 2nd Prize - Strand Center; (1965): 2nd Prize of Orient - Tufenkdjian; (1973): 1st Prize (Sursock Museum (pour le Bassin du Musée); Laureate of Ministry of National Education. Prof. & Priv. Addr: Villa Zaven,

HADDAD (Wadi', Daher), Former presidential adviser. Born on 14 Mar. 1941 at Ayn Dara (Aley), Lebanon. Son of Daher Haddad (Headmaster) and Mrs., née Wardie Khater. Married on 27 June 1966 to Miss Huda Nashef, 2 children: Sandra and Loubna. Educ.: Good Shepherd School, International College, American University of Beirut, University of Wisconsin, U.S.A. Dipl.: B.Sc. (1962), M.Sc. (1964), Ph.D. (Education 1968), State Doctorate from the University of Wisconsin, Ph.D. (Physics), Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Career: Professor in the American University of Beirut (1966-72), President Director General of the Center for Education Research and Development, in the Ministry of Education (1972-76). Adviser and manager at the World Bank, Washington. DC. U.S.A. (1976-82), Adviser to the President of Lebanon for National Affairs (1982-84). Addr.: Beirut. Lebanon and U.S.A. HADICHIAN (Varoujan, Kevork), Stage director, actor. Born in 1937 in Beirut. Son of Kevork Hadichian (merchant) and Mrs., née Nazely Hadichian. Married in 1967 in Beirut to Miss Diana A. Groom. 2 children: Nazely 151

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Belle-Vue, Aoukar, P.O.Box 70154 (Antelias), Antelias (Metn), Lebanon.

(1946), Chargé d'Affaires in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay (1946-49), Chief of Economic section at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1949-50), Lebanese Consul-General in Jerusalem (1950-53), Counsellor at the Lebanese Embassy in Cairo (1953-57), and member of the Lebanese delegation to the League of Arab States, Lebanese ConsulGeneral in Marseilles (France) (1957-60), Ambassador in Jiddah (1969-63), in New Delhi (1963-69), Director of economic affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sept. 1969), Ambassador to New Delhi (1972-76). Priv. Addr.: Military Tribunal Str., Bohsali Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

HADJITHOMAS (Georges, Thomas), Company director. Born in 1940 at Beit-Mery (Lebanon). Son of Thomas Hadji-Thomas (director of companies) and Mrs., née Elefìériadis. Married on 26 June 1965 to Miss Mona Toufic Arida. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Director General of "Maritime Transport of Lebanon, S.A.L.", administrative and financial controller of "société Phénicienne des Forces Hydro-Electriques du Nahr Ibrahim", director of "Hull, Blyth & Co., Lebanon, S.A.L." of "International Trading, S.A.L.", of "société foncière et Commerciale du Levant S.A.F." (Paris), lecturer in economics at Ecole Pigier for Commerce. Awards: Grand Officer, Order of St. Marc of Alexandria; commdr., Patriarchal Cross of France. Priv. Addr.: Hadjithomas Bldg., Beit-Mery, Tel.: 04-970013/14, 03-250109, Lebanon.

HAFEZ (Ramzi, El), Publisher, Journalist. Born in Lebanon 1959. Married to Maha Yahya. Educ.: BS, MS Industrial Engineering, MBA, University of Wisconsin. Career: Founded several companies in Switzerland and the United States; Management Consultant. Owner of InfoPro a publishing firm. Editor of Lebanon Opportunities a leading business magazine and Business Week Arabic edition. Publisher of other periodicals: Auto Market, The Construction Handbook, The Guide Magazine, Campus. Author: The Business Handbook (2000), Guide des Affaires au Liban (2001). Addr.: Sanayeh, Salem Bldg., P.O.Box 11-4355, Beirut, Tel.: 01-739777, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

HAFEZ (Amine, Ismail), Economist, director of institute, former Prime Minister and former deputy. Born in 1926 in Tripoli (Lebanon). Son of Sheikh Ismail Hafez (magistrate) and Mrs., née Moussira Sultan. Married in 1958 to Miss Leila Osseyrane, 1 child: Ramzi. Educ.: National College, College of the Christian Brothers of Tripoli, Cairo University, American University of Beirut, University of Lausanne, The Hague Academy of International Law. Dipl.: LL.B., LL.D., from Lausanne University, Graduate the Hague Academy. Career: Economic expert and director of the institue of industrial research (1954-60), lecturer in economics at the Lebanese university, elected deputy for Tripoli (1960-96), president of parliamentary commission on Foreign Affairs (196596); President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Information and Health (25 Apr. 1973, 14 June 1973). Pubi.: Author of a number of books including "Economic and political structure of Syria and Lebanon", several studies and articles published by the institute of industrial research. Member: Interparliamentary Union. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Journalism. Prof, and Priv. Addr.: Bir Hassan, behind ancient T.V. al-Mashrek, Dr. Amine elHafez Bldg., Its floor, Tel.: 01-852831, 852226, Beirut Lebanon; Abou Samra Square, P.O.Box. 11-5564, Tel.: 06431115, 432743, Tripoli, North Lebanon.

HAFFAR (Abderrazzaq), Academic. Born in Lebanon. Married in 1954 to Miss Ikram Haffar (academic), 3 children: Wassim, Imad and Amira. Educ.: Lebanese and French Universities. Dipl.: LL.B., LL.D. in Financial Law from the University of Paris, Diploma of Criminology and International Relations. Career: Lecturer at the Law Faculty of the Lebanese University, Director-General of UNESCO Regional Planning Center. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 14-6606, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ouzai Str., Bohsali and Saghir Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-644919, Beirut, Lebanon. HAFFAR (Moustapha, Badr, MD.), Gastro-Enterologist, Professor at the French Faculty of Medicine. Born on 7 Dec. 1930 in Tripoli (Lebanon). Son of Badr Haffar (Agronomist) and Mrs. Amira, née Maghribi. Educ.: Secondary in Tripoli, Faculties of Medicine of Lyon and Paris. Dipl.: M.D. from the Paris Faculty, Diploma of Metabolic diseases (Paris), Diploma of specialization in gastro-enterology from the Paris Faculty of Medicine and the French National Society of Gastro-Enterology. Career: Specialization in Paris (1956-62), Professor at the French Faculty of Medicine in Beirut (Lebanon), Chief Physician of the Govermental Hospital in Baabda (Lebanon), Consulting Physician of Central Military Hospital in Beirut (Lebanon), Doctor at the Hospitals: Barbir, Makassed (Lebanon). Pubi.: Several works and studies in gastro-enterology, hepatology, gastroscopy, etc., presented and published at the French National Society of gastro-enterology (Lyon and Paris) also in Damascus

HAFEZ (Leila, el-), Writer, woman of Letters see OSSEIRAN EL-HAFEZ HAFEZ (Mahmoud), Former diplomat. Born in 1913 in Beirut. Married, 4 children. Educ.: French Law School of Cairo, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. from AUB, LL.B. from French Law School. Career: In the diplomatic corps, successively secretary in the Lebanese Legation of Washington (1945-46), in Buenos-Aires

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION (Syria). Societies: Founder/president of the Lebanese National Society of gastro-enterology, Member of the French National Society of gastro-enterology, Founder/Member of National Council for Scientific Researche in Lebanon, President at the European Congress of gastro-enterology in Paris (1972), President at the Middle East Medical Assembly at the American University of Beirut (1991). Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Photography. Prof. Addr.: 1: Jemayzat Str., al-Awkaf Bldg., sus Refaat al-Hallab, 4th floor, Tel.: 06-442059, 03-300310, Tripoli; 2: Avenue Abdallah Yafi, Wattar Bldg., face Residences des Pins, 1st floor, Tel.: 01-643997, 640448, Beirut, Lebanon.

said association (1965), elected Secretary of the Bar Association of Beirut in 1966, represented the Lebanese Bar Association at the International Bar Association meeting in Mexico in 1964, at the World Through Law Conference (Washington 1965), at the Arab Lawyers Association Congress in Baghdad in 1964 at the Arab Lawyers Association Conference in Jerusalem in 1965, Represented the Bar Association of Beirut at the European Bar Association in Lausanne (1966). Gold Star of Beirut Bar Association for 50 years of practice (1997). Member: Executive committee of National Bloc, (resigned in 1992). Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Travelling. Priv. Addr.: Sabtieh, Baouchrieh, Safadi Bldg., Beirut Suburb, Tel.: 01684866. Bikfaya, Bhersaf, (From 1 July -1st Oct.), Tel.: 04-980900, Lebanon. Office: el-Hage law firm, P.O.Box 116-2256 Palais de Justice, Tel.: +961-3-362804, +961-3340303, +961-3-301013, Fax: +961-1-684877, Beirut, Lebanon.

H A G E (Ahmad), Banker. Born on Mar. 24, 1950, Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Mahmoud Hage (Businessman) and Mrs., née Sikna Darwich. Married on July 28, 1981 to Rolla Khalil, two children: Dana (1982), Sami (1985). Educ.: Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (U.S.J.), Faculté des Sciences (Lebanese University), Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées (Paris), Ecole Supérieure des Affaires (Beyrouth), Ecole Supérieure de Commerce (Paris). Dipl.: Civil Engineer, Doctor in Engineering, Masters in Physics, Masters in Finance. Career: Chairman General Manager of the Bank of Kuwait and the Arab World - Lebanon (1984-92); Advisor of the Société Générale de Banque au Liban (1993-2003); Member of the Board of Intra Investment Co. (1983-93); Member of the Board of the Association des Banques au Liban (1986-92). Other Information: Member of the Board of the Lebanese Businessmen Association -RDCL (2000-04); Member of the Board of the Lebanese Welfare Association for the Handicapped (2003-05). Sport Practised: Swimming. Credit Cards: AE, Mastercard. Priv. Addr.: Raouche, M m e Curie Str. (facing Chourane Post office), Tabbara Bldg., Tel.: 03-284777, P.O.Box 135745, Beirut, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

H A G E (Louis, Salim), Rev. Founder and Director of Musicology institute at Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. Born in 1938 at Bteddine al-Loksh (Lebanon). Son of Joseph Hage and Mrs., née Katoum Tawil. Educ.: Holy Spirit of Kaslik, St. A n s e l m o University (Roma), Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music (Roma), Centro Studi Canto Popolare (Roma), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Paris). Dipl.: Bachelor of Theology, Diploma of Higher Studies, Ph.D. (Musicology) from La Sorbonne, Ph. D. (Letters) from Stonehill College-Massachussets (USA). Career: Ordained to the priesthood in the Lebanese Maronite Order (1965), Professor of history of music and classical latin at Holy Spirit of Kaslik (1960-62), Professor of music and musicology at Holy Spirit of Kaslik University, Director of the Institute of Musicology and the School of Music of the said University since Oct. 1970. President of the same University from 1986 to 1992. Dean, Faculty of Music since 1999. Pubi.: Author of several books on Maronite Church Music and various articles and essays on Syriac, Maronite and Lebanese music, produced many albums of records about the Musical Traditions of the Near East. M e m b e r : of the International Musicological Society. Received the Canada 125th Anniversary Medal 1993, and the Académie Française price 1993. Prof. Addr.: University of the Holy Spirit, Kaslik, P.O.Box 446 (Jounieh), Tel.: 09-640665, 03790888, Jounieh, Lebanon.

HAGE (Antoine, Rachid, el-), Senior Lawyer in elHage law firm. Born in 1925 at Jdaidet el-Metn (Lebanon). Son of Rachid el-Hage (lawyer) and Mrs., née Marie Mereb. Married on 29 Mar. 1961 to Miss May Zoghby, 4 children: Marie Claude (Associate lawyer in elHage law firm/ Business and Corporate law, Contracts, International and Inheritance law, graduated from St. Joseph University of Beirut), Dalia (Interior Architect, graduated from Alba), Diane (Chemist, graduated from A.U.B, and Catholic University in Washington. D.C., Assaad (Associate lawyer in EL HAGE law firm/Civil, Business Real Estate and Criminal Law, gradued from St. Joseph University of Beirut, MBA, graduate from Ecole Supérieure des Affaires. Beirut). Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Law Faculty). Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Under training (1946-49), lawyer (1949), deputy Public Prosecutor (resigned within a few days), joined the Bar Association of Beirut (1946), elected treasurer of the

H A G E (Maguy, Achcar, el-), Company proprietor. Born in 1929 in Marseilles (France). Daughter of Zouaiter Achcar and Mrs., née Regina Achcar. Married on 28 Mar. 1953 to Doctor Kamal Youssef el-Hage (Philosopher and Faculty Professor) (killed on 2 Apr. 1976 et Chbanieh), 5 children: Youssef (married to Fadia Tomb), Sami (married to Janine Assouad), Antoine (married to Sabine Robkof), Jeanine and Bassam. Educ.: Sainte Famille Française College, Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts.

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director of Kaitouli Private and Environment Schools) and Mrs., née Adèle el-Hage. Married on 19 Mar. 1959 to Samia Karam. Educ.: Grand Lycée Français of Beirut; Licence in Law from St. Joseph University of Beirut, and Lebanese University. Dipl.: Lebanese Baccalauréat 1949, LL.B. Career: Schoolteacher at Djezzine Official School (1949-51); assistant controller at Lebanese customs Services (1 Apr. 1951) and controller in 1956; Principal Controller in 1968; Chief Customs Office at Wadi Al Harir, Almasnaa, Klaiat Airport, Abbodiyeh and Arida; Head of Private Education Service at M.E.N. (1968-1993); Assistant to the President of the Official Works Committee; Member of the Board of the Matn Water Office( 1980-1990); Vice-President of the Board of the "Mutuelle des Fonctionnaires"(l990-92) retired on July, 1993. Counsellor to the Minister of National Education( 1993-2000); Secretary General of "Conseil National des Anciens Fonctionnaires de l'Etat"(since 2000 to date). Hobby: Travelling. Sports: Swimming, table tennis and walking. Member: Kaitouli club, Lions club of Djezzine. Priv. Addr.: Hadeth, Sähet al-Ayn, Karam Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 05-464501, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon.

Career: Chairman of the Board of "Banque Libanaise des Emigres". (1963-65); promoted the housing projects for employees of Beirut Electricity Offices (which was duly approved by the Lebanese Government in 1968). She is the first woman to be chairman of the Board of a Bank in Lebanon and the Arab World. There is a street on her name, named: Maguy el-Hage Str., at Dora city, near Beirut; Promoter of Kamal Hage Cultural Center, (under construction) at Sin el-Fil in collaboration with Sin el-Fil Municipality. Pubi.: Author of a series of articles on classical music and pedagogy; Printed the "Oeuvres Completes" of Kamal el-Hage. Member: of the Improved Prisons Associations. Hobby: Classical music (Pianist). Summer Residence: Chbanieh, Tel.: 05-560820, Lebanon. HAGE (Ounsi, Louis, el-), Poet, Writer, Journalist. Born in 1937 at Beirut. Son of Louis el-Hage (journalist) and Mrs., née Marie Akl. Married in 1957 to Miss Leila Daou, 2 children: Nada and Louis. Educ.: French Lycée, La Sagesse College. Career: Journalist, contributed to "alHayat" and "an-Nahar" newspapers since 1956, editor of the "an-Nahar" weekly. Since 1995 to 2003, the Editor in Chief of "An-Nahar". Pubi: Author of six books of collected poems: "Lan" (1960), "ar-Ras al-Maktou" (1963), "Madi al Ayyam al Atiaa" (1965), "Maza Sana't bil Zahab, Maza fa'alt bil wardah" (What did you make with the gold, what did you do with the rose) (1970), "elRasoulah bi Sha'riha el-tawil hata el-Yanabih" (1975), "el Walima" (1994) and a book of collected articles "Kalimat, Kalimat, Kalimat" (1988); and collection of aphorism "Khawatem" (1991); "Khawatem 2" was published in 1997. In 1998 the Acte Sud publishing house, Paris, published a collection of his poems translated into French. Another of his poems was translated ito German and published in 1998 by Das Arabishe Buch publishing house. The quarterly British literary magasine "Banipal" recently published the English translation of "el-Rasoulah", translated the following plays: Shakespeare's "Comedy of Erros", lonesco's "Le Roi se meurt", Durenmatt's "Romulus le Grand", Albert Camus' "Les Justes", Brecht's "L'Exception et la Règle" and other plays. Member: Shir' Association. Many stage directors presented his poems in the theatre beginning 1965. The critics consider his first book, "Lann", with its introduction, as the first serious foundation of poem in prose and an important cornerstone in the modern arabic poetry. Priv. Addr.: Iskandar Str., Napoleon Khatchadourian Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01320558, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAIDAMOUS (Fouad, Salem), Former President, Central Inspection. Born in 1940 at Sin el-Fil (Caza Metn), Lebanon. Married to Sonia Bou Habib, 2 children: Khalil and Samer. Educ.: Licence in Social Sciences, Lebanese University; Graduate from Development Administration National Institute (1971); Master in Social Sciences, Lebanese University; Diplomas in General Administration from (I.I.A.P., Paris). Career: Lecturer, Development and Administration National Institute; President, Administrative District Department, Bint Jbeil (until 1974); President, Administrative District Department, Jezzine (until 1975); President, South Governorate's Department (until 1977); President of the Programs and Projects Department at the Ministry of the Interior (until 1980); Administrative Inspector at the Central Inspection (until 1994); Inspector General (22.7.1994-99), Appointed President, Central Inspection (1999-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. HAIDAR (Issam, Zaki), Former Diplomat. Born on 15 Aug. 1932 at Baalbeck. Son of Zaki Haidar (civil servant) and Mrs., née Safouat Haidar. Married in 1965 to Miss Hanane Kassem. Educ.: La Sorbonne: Faculty of Letters, Faculty of Sciences, Faculty of Law. Dipl.: Bachelor of Psychology, B.A., LL.B., LL.D. Career: Professor at the Higher School of Letters (1960-61); Lebanese cultural adviser in North Africa (1961-65); director general Sports and Youth Department at the Ministry of Education (1965-70); Lebanese Ambassador to Senegal (1971-75); Director of Economic Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1975-77); President of the High Council of the Lebanese Customs (1977-98). Pubi.:

HAGE (Said, Farid, el-), Ex. Director of private education service, ministry of education. Former "Counsellor to the Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports", Actually, General Secretary of "Conseil National des Anciens Fonctionnaires de l'Etat". Born at Kaitouli in 1929. Son of Farid el-Hage (founder and

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Author of a number of theatricals including "Souad", "alJala", "Insomnia", "Dananir" (performed in Tunisia and on Moroccan TV). Award: Commdr., Order of the Tunisian Republic. Grand Officer, Order du Lion (Senegal). Sports: Swimming and tennis. Priv. Addr.: Verdun Str., Semmakieh Bldg., Tel.: 01-741419, 03-733444, Beirut, Lebanon and Paris, France.

1923 at Niha (Lebanon). Son of Georges Haikal and Mrs., née Karam. Married on 9 Feb. 1955 to Miss Arida, 4 children: Dany, Elisa, Maria and Antoine. Educ.: Seconday in Beirut, and higher in Paris (1949). Career: Honorary Consul of Lebanon at Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe), Antilles and French Guyana, company managing-director. Member: Pointe-à-Pitre shooting club. Sports: Tennis, shooting and swimming. Hobbies: Ethnology and history. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

HAID AR (Mohamad), Member of Parliament. Born in 1959 in Kabrikha, South Lebanon. Educ.: BT2 in Technical Institute. Career: Chairman - General Manager of "Al Manar Television"; Elected Deputy of Marjeyoun Hasbaya (2005-to date). Prof. Addr.: Al Manar Television, P.O.Box 354-25, Beirut, Lebanon and Chamber of Deputies, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAIMARI (Maroun), Diplomat, ambassador, chief of protocol at the presidency of the Republic of Lebanon. Born on 27 Sept. 1933 in Beirut. Son of Georges Haimari (Former Director General at the Presidency of the Republic and chief of Protocol) and Mrs., née Georgette Nehme. Educ.: College des Jésuites, Beirut, Cairo University, Egypt. Dipl.: Bachelor's Degree in Political Sciences. Career: General Commerce (1953-62); Honorary Consul of Tchad in Lebanon (1962-68); Ambassador of Tchad in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, Egypt, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco, (1968-75); (Successively); chief of protocol at the Presidency of the Republic of Lebanon (1985-). Medals and Decor.: Grand Cordon of the National Order of the Cedar (Lebanon); Lebanese Merit of (1st Class); Knight, Officer and Commander of the National Order of Tchad; Grand Cordon of Order of St. Marc (Greece); Medal of Jerusalem; Commander of Order of Tunisia; Commander of Order of Abdel Aziz (Saudi Arabia); Order of Merit (1st Class) (Qatar); Commander of Order of Nile (Egypt); Order of the Indépendance (1st Class) Jordan; Commander of Order of Sudan. Sport: Yaghting. Hobby: Music. Prof. Addr.: Presidency Palace, Tel.: 01-866306, 424971. Priv. Addr.: Mar Takla., Hazmieh, Tel.: 01-452381, 429424, Lebanon.

HAIDAR (Nabeel F.), Vice-President for Academic Affairs; Lebanese American University. Born in Tripoli, Lebanon on Feb. 9,1945. Son of Fouad Haidar and Mrs., née Yolande Boulos. Married on Dec. 16,1976 to Hoda Antaki, 3 children: Cyrine Eliana, Nadine Kristina, Cynthia Maria. Educ.: American University of Beirut (B.S., M.S.), The University of Kentucky USA; Ph.D. Tripoli Boys School (Highschool). Dipl.: Bachelor of Science (Chemistry) B.S. 1965, Master of Science (Chemistry) M.S. 1967, Doctor of Philosophy (Organic Chemistry) Ph.D. 1969. Career: Post Doctoral fellow; University of Kentucky 1977; Post Doctoral Fellow Starks & Associates 1970-71 ; Professor of Chemistry at Lebanese University; American University of Beirut; Lebanese American University; Assistant Dean; Associate Dean; Dean, Vice-president 1993. M e m b e r of Many Associations on Sciences & Educations; Chairman of the Board of Governors; Broummana High School 1999. Awards: Prize Said Aki (2003), Commander, National Order of Cedar (2004). Hobby: Travel. Credit Cards: Visa, Master Card, American Express. Addr.: Lebanese American University (LAU), P.O.Box 13-5053, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAJ (Sabbah, al-), Human Resources Specialist Consultant. Born on Apr. 14, 1936. Son of Abdallah al-Haj (ex-Deputy) and Mrs., née Fatima Rida. Married on Sept. 7,1967 in Lebanon to Miss Manal, 2 children: Tala (1969) & Maya (1976). Educ.: International College (I.C.) then American University of Beirut (AUB) then the Ohio State University. Dipl.: Ph.D. in Economics. Career: Professor 1967-70 at AUB; Chairman-General Manager Center for Economic Research (1970-77); Vice-Chairman of the Council of Development & Reconstruction (197781); Chairman-General Manager of Saudi Lebanese Bank (1981-86); Chairman-General Manager Portfolio Management Group-Geneva (1986-90); Chairman-GM of Arab Finance Corp. (1990-96); Chairman-GM Management Plus (1996-). Sports: Golf, swimming. Hobby: Golf. Clubs: Rotary Club, Alumni Club, Golf Club of Lebanon. Credit Cards: Visa Card & Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Management Plus SARL, P.O. Box 136392, Tel.: 01-382713, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.:

HAIDAR (Zahed, Nafez), Former magistrate, former faculty professor. Born on 2 Feb. 1911 at Baalbeck (Lebanon). Son of Nafez Haidar and Mrs., née Sadika Haidar. Married in 1937 to Miss Shahira Haidar, 6 children: Dounia, Sawsane, Maher, Rabab and Nisrine. Educ.: French Lycée, Law Faculty (Paris). Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Chamber President at Appeal Court of Beirut; Lawyer Cassation Court of Beirut until Dec. 1965; former Professor at the Lebanese University (Law Faculty). Priv. Addr.: Mazraa, Tallet Noueiry, Abdul Ghany al-Arayssi Str., Eid Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-305905, Beirut, Lebanon. H A I K A L (Chibli, Georges), Managing-Director, lebanese honorary consul at Pointe-à-Pitre. Born on 9 Feb.

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Clemenceau Str., 333 Beirut, Tel.: 03-607355, Lebanon.

of Abdel Halim Hajjar and Mrs., née Minnet Chehab. Educ.: American University of Beirut, University of Birmingham and the Middle Temple of London. Dipl.: LL.B. (Birmingham University) (1966); of the Middle Temple (London); barrister At-Law (1967); Lebanese Law Licence (1960). Career: Joined the practice of Albert Laham 1960, elected deputy of Shuf 1960, private practice 1965, re-elected deputy for Shuf 1968. Prof. Addr.: Hamra Str., Hamra Bldg., P.O.Box 5666, Tel.: 01-354420, 354421, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Churan, al-Tani Bldg., Tel.: 01-800213, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAJJ (Hassan), Magistrate retired. Born in 1934 in Sibline, Lebanon. Married to Rose Dagher, 3 children: Lina, Waël and Samer. Educ.: Juridical Academy Institute (1963). Career: District Judge in Beirut; District Judge in Zahlé, at the same time Mandated as a Land Judge in Mount Lebanon; Counsellor at the Appeal Court; President, Court of First Instance in Beirut (1981); Member of "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature" 15.4.1987 for six years; first President of Bekaa Tribunal Court (1990-93); first President of North Tribunal Court (1993-2000); Commissioner of State Consultative Council (2000-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

HAJJAR (Joseph, Yacoub Abdo), M.D., neurologist, faculty professor. Born in 1925 in Beirut. Son of Yacoub Abdo Hajjar. Educ.: French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, London University, Marseilles and Paris Faculties of Medicine. Dipl.: M.D. from the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, specialization in neurology in Marseilles, Paris and London. Career: Neurologist, Lecturer in neurology. Pubi: Doctorate thesis "Paraplégie consécutive à une lésion du tronc cérébral. Etudes clinique et anatomique". Prof. Addr.: Hôpital Aboujaoude, Jal elDib, Metn, Tel.: 04-716000, Jal el-Dib, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Mezher Bsalim, Park Jadev Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 04-711991, Lebanon.

HAJJ (Mounir), Lawyer, former deputy, former President Kataeb Party. Born in 1936 at Baskinta, Lebanon. Married to Helene Emile Amatoury, 4 children: Roula, Maya, Ziad and Raya. £duc.: Christian Brothers School. Dipl.: LL.B., St. Joseph University. Career: Attorney-atLaw since 1963; Joined the Kataeb Party in 1957; Chief of Metn Kataeb Area (1963-73); Elected Member of Politbureau (1971-86); in 1989 he was elected VicePresident, then first Vice-President in 1998; Elected President of this Party (21.3.1999-2001). In 1991 he was appointed Member of Parliament. Prof. Addr.: Kataeb Party, Saifi, P.O.Box 992, Fax: 01-584107, Beirut, Lebanon and Achrafieh, Indépendance Avenue, Jamil Riachi Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

HAJJAR (Mohamed), Engineer, Member of Parliament. Born on Feb. 7, 1954 at Chhim, Chouf. Married to Mona Farchoukh, 3 children: Rachid, Dima and Mazen. Educ.: Doctorate in Electronic from Montpelier Academy (France); Diploma in Electric and Electronic Engineering, Liège University (Belgium). Career: Engineer, Elected Deputy of Chouf (2000-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

HAJJ (Nabil, Mgr.), Bishop. Born in 1943 in Hejjeh (Casa Saida), South Lebanon. Educ.: Primary & Secondary in Clerical School (Ghazir, 1957) and the Supplementary at Marist Brothers in Saida. Dipl.: Diploma in Philosophy and Theology, St. Joseph University (1963). Career: Ordained Priest (1970); Teacher & Librarian in the Clerical School (Ghazir); Nominated by Mgr. Youssef el-Khoury as Secretary General and Assistant Servant for the "Notre-Dame alBihar Parish" in Tyr and Guider for the Lebanese Scout in South Lebanon; appointed Servant & Director for Primary Pontifical School (1974); travelled in 1978 to Paris and joined the Maronite Diocese in Marseilles and was Assistant to the late Mgr. Joseph Hayek and Guider for the Youths; Appointed Servant in Several Dioceses. In 1988 represented Lebanon at "Romans Events" in Roma about the Islamo-Christian Relations. Since 1992 appointed Vicar General to Mgr. Maroun Sader Archbishop of Tyr, South Lebanon; Guider to Caritas in Tyr & Bint JbeilSouth Lebanon for several years then became President in 2002. Lang.: English, Latin & Syriac. Prof. Addr.: Maronite Archbishopric of Tyr, Fax: 07-344891,Tyr, South Lebanon.

HAJRI (Amer Bin Hamad, Al), Ambassador of Sultanate Oman to Lebanon. Born in Badia in 1956. Married, 6 children: 1 boy and 5 daughters. Educ.: Licence in Law, Damascus University (Syria). Languages: Arabic and English. Career: 3rd Secretary at the Legal Department Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1980) and 2nd Secretary (1981); Transferred to the Counsel of Ministers (1983); First Secretary Chargé d'Affaires at New York (1984); Chargé d'Affaires in Cairo (1988); Return to the Legal Department Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1990); Vice-Director of Arab Bilateral Relations Department (1994); First Advisor (1995); Chargé d' Affaires in Bagdad (1998); Vice-Director of Protocol, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2001); Ambassador of Sultanate Oman to Lebanon (2002- to date). Addr.: Embassy of Oman, Ramlet el-Baida, Venezuela Str., Taissir Bldg., P.O.Box 13-5900, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAJJAR (Issam, Abdel Halim), Attorney-at-Law, former deputy. Born in 1932 at Baalbeck (Lebanon). Son

HAKIM (Habib, Louis), Former Deputy. Born in Sin el-Fil, 1926. Son of Louis Hakim. Married, 6 children: 156

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Elie, Joseph, Marie, Rita, Therese, Micheline. Educ.: Secondary. Career: President of the Municipality of Sin el-Fil (1963-98), President of the "Federation of Matn Municipalities" (1980), Elected Deputy of Metn (1992, reelected in 1996), Contractor. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

Counsel of Research & Development"; Partner & Founder of walid Joumblatt Est. for University Studies; Contributed & Founder of the Permanent Office of Druze Est. & Elected as General Coordinator for 2 Years; Participated at the Parliamentary Conference in the Taef City; Representative the Druze Community in the Synod of Lebanon; Member of the Board, Intra Investment Co. SAL. Lecturer at St. Joseph University. Pubi: Several Researchs and Publications. Prof. Addr.: Bank of Beirut and the Arab Countries, P.O.Box 11-1536, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAKIM (Nadey), KCSJ, MD, PhD, FRCS, FRCSI, FACS, Surgeon. Born on Apr. 9, 1958 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Subhy Elias Hakim (Doctor in Law) and Mrs., née Katy Nammour. Married in 1992 to Miss Nicole Abounader, 4 children: 1 son, 3 daughters. Educ.: SacréCoeur; Mont La Salle; Lycée Auguste Compte Paris; Rene Descartes University Paris (MD 1983); Johns Hopkins Pediatric Fellowship 1983, University College London (Ph.D. 1991); Fellow in Gastrointestinal Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota, USA, (1987-89); University of Minnesota Multiorgan Transplant Fellowship (199395). Career: Honorary Consultant Pediatric Transplant Surgeon, Great Ormond Str. (1996-2001); Honorary Consultant Transplant Surgeon The Royal Free Hospital London (1996-2000); Hammersmith Hospital (1998 to date); Harefield Hospital London (2000 to date); Honorary Professor of Surgery, University of Sao Paolo (1999); Editor-in-Chief International Surgery (2001 to date); Associate International Federation of Surgical Colleges, USA (1996); European Federation Secretary International College of Surgeons (1998-2000); First Vice-President International College of Surgeons (20*00-02); President Elect International College of Surgeons (2003); World President International College of Surgeons (2004-06); President Transplant Section of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001-03); Non-Executive Director Medic sight, (2003-to date); KStJ (1998); KGStJ (2003); KCStJ (2004); Man of Year American Biographical Institute (1987); Honorary Fellow Russian Surgical Society (1999); Honorary Doctor Charles University Prague, Czech Republic (1998); Honorary Doctor University of Aden, Yemen (2003); Laureate Faculty of Medicine, Paris (1984); Doctor Honoris Cansa University Lima, Peru, Nov. 2005; Honorary Prof, of Surgery University Lima, Peru, Nov. 2005. Award: Prize of Excellence in Medicine, Makhzoumi Foundation (1998). Pubi.: Over 150 papers and 12 books. Recreations: Sculpture, Clarinet, and Languages. Addr.: 34 Hocroft Road London NW2 2BL UK, E-mail: [email protected].

HALAOUI (Ibrahim, Ahmed Jawad), Former minister. Born in 1938 at Ain Qanoub (South Lebanon). Married. Dipl.: LL.B. (Arab University of Beirut). Career: Member of the Islamic High Council; Minister of Ecomony and Trade, and of Tourism (1982). Addr.: Mme Curie Str., facing Palais Diab, Khatoun Bldg., 8th floor, Tel.: 01-806262, Beirut, Lebanon. HALLAB (Abdul Hamid), Special Advisor for Higher Education to the Ruler of Sharjah (UAE), Special Advisor to the President, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Vice- President of the Board of Directors, Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research and Professor of Food Technology and Nutrition, American University of Beirut. Born on 15 Sept. 1933 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Hasan Hallab (Merchant) and Mrs., née Mariam Sabbagh. Married to Maria Streszewska, 3 children: Nadim, Salem and Yasmin. Educ.: Tripoli College - Lebanon, Louisiana State University - U.S.A., B.S. in Chemistry & Biology (1956), M.S. in Food Sciences & Technology (1963), Ph.D. in Food Sciences and Technology (1968). Career: Student Chemist in BioChemis-try Department, Louisiana State University (195556), Research Associate, Louisiana State University (1955-58); Instructor, Louisiana State University (195968); Assistant Professor, A.U.B. (1968-71); Associate for Professor, A.U.B. (1971-76); Professor, Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, A.U.B. (1977-present); Director, Research and Development Administrative Center, A.U.B. (1978-82); Vice-President for Research and External Programs, A.U.B. (1982-97). Decor.: Honorary Citizen of Baton Rouge and Holder of the Key to the City presented by the Mayor of the City of Baton Rouge (1960), First Degree Award in Education from the Government of Lebanon, Decree 4834 (1988). Member: Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Institute of Food Technology, American Association of Cereal Chemists, Society of the Sigma XI, Gamma, Sigma, Delta. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa Card. Sports: Hiking and swimming. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, P.O.Box 236, Tel.: 01-340460, 350000 ext. 2560/1 or Direct: 01-341145, 340744, 03-320630, Fax: +961-1344744. Priv. Addr.: Mechref Villa, Mechref Project,

HALABI (Abbas, Selim), Attorney-at-Law. Born in 1948. Married to Miss Randa Toufic Assaf, 3 children. Dipl.: Bachelor in French and in Lebanese Laws (1972); Received a Scholarship and Joined the European University Institute in Nancy, France. Career: Resigned from the Judicial Authorities (1987) and Appointed Member of the Board of Bank of Beirut and the Arab Countries SAL, Legal Advisor, Supervisor at the Real Estate & Case office Affairs and Counsellor to the Chairman of the Board. Founder with others the "Druze 157

HAMADE Lebanon. International Tel.: International Fax: +971-6-5585188.

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

+971-50-6280220,

et d'Editions" S.A.L.; Member of the "Permanent bureau of the Druze Council for Research and Development; Minister of Tourism (1980-82), Minister of Economy and Trade (Dec. 24, 1990 - May 16, 1992); Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs (Oct. 1992 - Nov. 1996); Minister of Displaced (Nov. 2000 - Apr. 2003); Minister of Economy and Trade ( Apr. 2003- Sept.2004); appointed member of the Lebanese Parliament (June 7,1991); elected Deputy of the Chouf (four times since Oct. 1992); Parliamentary Chairman of the Planning and Development Committee (1996-2000), member of the Finance Parliamentary Committee (1998-2000); Appointed Minister of P.T.T. (2005- ). Member: of the "National Committee for the Constitutional Reforms" (Sept. 1984), Damascus Tripartite Agreement (1985), dialogue talks (1987-88), Main Political Advisor to P.S.P. Chairman Walid Joumblatt and member of National Salvation Front's delegation to Geneva and Lausanne conferences on Lebanon (1983-84); Lecturer at the Université pour tous of U.S.J. Pubi: 2 essays: "From Km 101 to Geneva" (1074) and "Islam and Participation" (1975).Awards: Commdr. Legion of Honour of Merit (France 2005). Sports: Tennis, swimming. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: an-Nahar, Hamra Str., Tel.: 01340960, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Arts et Metier district, Tel.: 01-348450, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMADE (Bahjat, Mahmoud), Composer, conductor and professor of music. Born on 12 Oct. 1928 at Baakline (Lebanon). Son of Mahmoud Hamade (former magistrate) and Mrs., née Souad Hamade. Married in Beirut on 26 July 1964 to Miss Hanan Souki, 2 children: Omar and Sandra. Educ.: al-Ahlia, la Sagesse, Patriarchal and al-Makassed colleges of Beirut, Florida State University, Domaine School of Conductors, Hancock; University of Maryland (College Park), University of Miami (Coral Gables, Florida), Butler University (Jordan College of Music), Indianapolis, Royal Conservatoire of Music (Cairo). Dipl.: B.M. (Bachelor of music) (1959), M.M.E. (Master in Music Education 1965), Ph.D. (1967), studied under Pierre Monteux (Orchestration), under John Boda (composition), under René Longy (musical theory), under Elena Nicolaidi (literature and history) etc. Career: Composer, conductor, professor of music and founder of Beirut Choir (1946-49), in Cairo (1949-52), in Miami (1957-60), in Virginia (1960-63), in Florida (1964-67), at Alabama (1967-68). Pubi.: Author of several musical works. Dist.: Chairman Graduate Music Students' Association (1966). Member: Phi Delta Phi (National French Honour Society), of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (Music fraternity), First Choir of America (1963, a national honour organization for outstanding bands, orchestras and choirs). Hobbies: Guitar and Oud (Oriental Luth). Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMADE (Trad Kanj), Minister. Born in 1948 in Hermel, Lebanon. Married to Dibé Fehmi Alaou, 7 children. Educ.: Doctorat d'Etat in Philosophy, Sorbonne University, Paris-France. Career: Lecturer at Lebanese University and at Islamic University "AZAD", Lebanon; Associate Professor at "Departement d'Etudes Supérieures"; World University of Islamic Sciences, London; Research on the Political Opinion & the International Relations Cases; Appointed Minister of Labour & Agriculture (2005); Minister of Labour (2005 ). Pubi.: Author of more than 16 articles in Philosophy, letters & poems. Addr.: Ministry of Labour, Chiah, principal road, Ministry's Bldg., 6th floor, (near St. Michel Church), Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMADE (Marwan Mohamed), Minister, deputy, journalist, politician. Born in Beirut in 1939. Son of Mohamed Ali Hamade (former diplomat) and Mrs., née Amelie Malaquin. Married in 1984 to Miss Lina Mikdadi, 2 children: Karim and Rania from a first marriage. Educ.: St. Joseph University. Dipl.: French Baccalauréat (1957), LL.B. (1963), D.E.S. Economics (1964). Career: Account Executive at "B.S.R." (1964); Co-founder and Arab Foreign News editor of "Le Jour" and main editorialist (1971-75); Foreign Correspondent for RTL in the Middle East (1968-80); Foreign Correspondent for the French Magazine "Le Point" (1971-80); Assistant to the Managing Director of An-Nabar S.C.P.A. (1975-76); Founder and Managing Director of "an-Nahar Publications Internationales S.A." a french based subsidiary of anNahar which publishes in Paris a weekly diplomatic edition (an-Nahar Arabi Wa Doualy) (1977); Chairman and Managing Director of "an-Nahar Press Services S.A.R.L." (since 1977); Managing Director of an-Nahar S.C.P.A. (1977-80); Chairman of the Board "Tamam" (1978-79); Chairman of the "Société Immobilière de Presse" S.A.L. (since 1999); Member of the Board: "Ciment de Sibline" S.A.L., Press Cooperative Coprinting and Distribution; Member of the Board "Crédit Libanais" S.A.L., Member of the Board "Société Générale de Presse

HAMADEH (Ziad), Lawyer. Born on June 12, 1943. Son of Nadim Hamadeh and Mrs., née Samiya Halabi. Married on Oct. 18, 1968 to miss Nawal Ezzeddine, 3 children: Nayla (21.03.71) B.B.A., Nadim (11.09.73) Lawyer, Namir (09.03.75) B.A. management. Educ.: Notre-Dame de Jamhour, International College, University St. Joseph. Dipl.: Licence in Law, Private Law and Public Law, Licence in Political Sciences, Licence en Gestion des Entreprises. Career: Assistant of the President of Cause Authority in the Ministry of Justice, Lawyer of State; Member of Lebanese Bar Association & Last Secretary; Member of Union International des Avocats; Member of the Institute of the Human Rights; General Secretary of the 158

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Lebanese Association for Arbitration; Arbitrator Chamber of Commerce of Abu Dhabi; Arbitrator Chamber of Commerce of Mutual Council of Gulf Countries - Bahrain; Member of the Higher Authority for Aged People Ministry of Social Affairs. Awards: Lebanese Bar Association - Gold Medal 2003, Union International des Avocats - Saudia Section 2003, American Druze Society 1987 (Man of the Year). Sports practised: Basketball, football. Clubs and Associations: Former President of Rotary Club of Beirut, Druze Welfare Association. Credit Cards: Visas. Prof. Addr.: Ras el-Nabeh, Chaar Str., Hamadeh Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-666177, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Karakol Druze, Indépendance Ave., Hamadeh Bldg., Tel.: 01-373839, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMMOUD (Mahmoud, Ali), Diplomat. Born in 1939 in Beirut. Son of Ali Hammoud. Dipl.: Licence in Law; M.A., in Psychology, Licence in Literature. Career: Consul of Lebanon to Rabat, Morocco; 1st Secretary of Lebanese Embassy in Ankara, Turkey (1963); Councellor in Lebanese Embassy in London and Paris (1975-78); Ambassador of Lebanon to France (1975-78); Ambassador of Lebanon to the United Arab Emirates (1978-83); Ambassador of Lebanon to Bonn (1983-85); Director of Economic Affairs at the Central Administration (1985-86); Ambassador of Lebanon to URSS and Finland (1986-90); Ambassador of Lebanon to England (1990-99); Joined to the Central Administration, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and Emm ¡grants (2001-03); Minister of Defence (2003-2004); Minister of Foreign Affairs (2004-2005). Other Information: Participated in eight sessions of the United Nations General Assembly, and in the Lebanese delegation of UNKTAD Conferences in 1972. In 1999, he was appointed member of the Economic and Social Council. On 2 June 2000, he was appointed Director General of that Council. Sports: Tennis and skiing. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMDAN (Munir, Abdellatif), Former minister, lawyer. Born in 1935 in Kafarmeiki (Zahrani), Lebanon. Son of Abdellatif Hamdan and Halime Hamdan. Married to Siham Nasser, four children. Educ.: al-Makassed College, Arab University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer; Minister of Labour and Social Affairs (1970-72); Former President of the University Students Union (196062); President of Alumni of Arab University in Beirut (1967-71); President of Lions Club in Beirut (1980-82); Secretary General of Democratic Socialist Party (197882); Vice-President of Lions Region No. 351 (1985-86). Prof. Addr.: Arab University of Beirut Str., Sadek Bldg., No. 5, Tel.: 01-850999, 851444, 821888, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Chueiry Bldg., Comiche Mazraa, P.O-Box. 1145102, Tel.: 01-317700, 819028, Fax: 818380, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMRA (Adel, Mikhail), Former magistrate. Born in 1916 at Marjeyiun (Lebanon). Son of Mikhail Hamra and Mrs., née Hind Gholmia. Married in 1945 to Miss Georgette Gholmia, 3 children: Hind, Michel and Fouad. Educ.: University of Lausanne (Switzerland). Dipl.: LL.B. from the said University. Career: Lawyer (193942), Justice of the Peace (1944-59), Dean of examining judges (1962-65), Advocate General before the Supreme Court of Appeal up to Dec. 1965. Hobbies: Bridge and music. Priv. Addr.: Hamra Str., Baltagi Bldg., 1st. floor, (near Banco di Roma), Tel.: 01-348753, Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMIYEH (Adel, Fouad), Former minister of finance, of Public Works and Transport and of Displaced Population, civil engineer. Born on 22 May 1940 at Ein Enoub (Caza of Aley). Son of Fouad Hamiyeh (former Magistrate) and Mrs. Jamal Hamiyeh. Married, in 1965 to May Baheej Takieddine, 3 Children. Educ.: B.E. & M.E. from the American University of Beirut. Career: Runs his private Engineering office; (Former): Minister of Public Works and Transport, Minister of Displaced Population; Former Board Member ot the Invest. Develop. Authority of Lebanon (IDAL); Lecturer in Engineering at the Lebanese University and Beirut Arab University; Chairman Bd State Railways and Public Transport Authority; Vice-president Arab Union of Railways; Member of the Board of Council for Development and Reconstruction; Minister of Finance; President, Alumni Eng., American University of Beirut. Pubi.: Investigation of the Possible Sources of Water Supply in Beirut and the Suburbs 1973. Prof. Addr.: Sadat Str., P.O.Box 4951, Tel./Fax: 01-803744, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Bachir Kassar Str., Tarazi Bldg., Tel.: 01-787520, Beirut, Lebanon.Email: [email protected].

HAMZA (Kamal. Fayez), Civil servant. Born in 1934 in Argentina. Son of Fayez Hamza and Mrs., née Wedad Moodad. Married in 1956 to Miss Afat Zeydan, 3 children: Edouardo-Amad, Oswaldo-Ziad and Wilda-Wedad. Educ.: St. Maron College (Argentina), National University of Economics (Buenos-Aires). Dipl.: B.Sc. (Econ). Career: Attached to Directorate of Emigrants at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1957-60); Chief of Public Relations Section at the Ministry of Information (196264); Chief of Protocol Department in the said ministry (1964). Award: From Argentina. Member: Alumni Club, Y.M.C.A., Spanish Cultural Center. Sports: Basketball and football. Hobby: Reading. Priv. Addr.: Algers Str., Baalbaki Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. HAMZE (Mouïn), Secretary General, National Council for Scientific Research (NCSR). Born in Beirut 1948. Son of Haïdar Hamzé (Chief accountant) and Mrs. Fatmé Hamzé. Married in 1992 to Wafa Dikah, 2 children, Noura (1993), Yara (1998). Educ.: Lebanese University, Lebanon, Université des Sciences et 159

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier-France. Dipl.: Doctorat d'Etat ès-Sciences, Doctorat de Spécialité (3ème cycle), Licence ès-Sciences. Career: Dean, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the Lebanese University (198597); President of the Board of Directors - Agricultural Research Institute, Lebanon (1990-98); Member of the Board of Directors - ICARDA; Member of the Scientific Board of CIHEAM; Member of the Science Partnership Committee of CGIAR; Secretary General, National Council for Scientific Research (since 1998); Elected President of CIHEAM in 2003. Awards: Prize of the Choumane Foundation for Agricultural Sciences, Jordan (1986), "Chevalier de l'ordre du Mérite Agricole", Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry-France, Chevalier de l'Ordre du Mérite National, France. Sport: Basketball. Hobby: Cinema, photography. Credit Card: Visa. Prof. Addr.: National Council for Scientific Research, P.O.Box 11-8281 Beirut, Tel.: 01-850125, Fax: 01-822842, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

testicles to an adult man in 1972. Pubi.: Author of two books on sexual problems and male infertility, Renal Stones and Kidney transplantation, contributed more than 40 articles on cancer, hormones, urinary infections prostatic diseases and infertility. Member: American Medical Association, American fertility society, Sigma Xi, American Geriatric Society, Zumbro Society, Minnesota Medical Association. Award: St. Marc order (1966). Hobbies: Painting, classical music and sports. Sports: Swimming and karate. Prof. Addr.: King Faysal Specialty Hospital, Tel.: 35555, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. HANNA (Abdallah, Raouf), Member of Parliament. Born in 1956 in Rahbeh, Akkar. Educ.: Ecole des Frères, Ecole Mont La Salle. Dipl.: BA in History, Philosophy and Political Sciences from U.S.A Universities, Qualification in Philosophy, University St. Esprit of Kaslik. Career: Elected Deputy of Akkar (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de Γ Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

HAMZE (Wafa' Rustom, Mrs.), former Minister. Born in 1963. Married to Dr. Mounir Hamzé, 2 children: Noura & Yara. Educ.: American University of Beirut and Lebanese University. Career: Professor at Lebanese University; Working at the Ministry of Agriculture since 1992; Managed several programs with "FAO"and the World Bank ; Elected Member of the Program Committee for the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in Roma Representing the Near East; Selected for Membership at the General Association for the National Assembly to the Lebanese Woman Affairs in 1996; Participated at the Activities Assembly of the Woman International Conference in Beijing and the Arab forums, and finally to the Arab Woman Conference which took place in Beirut. Participated in several Conferences agricultural and scientific in Lebanon, the Arab World and the European countries and also the Organizations of the United Nations; Appointed Minister of State (2004-2005). Addr.: General Association for the National Assembly to the Lebanese Woman Affairs, Hazmieh, Lebanon, Road of Damascus, Chahine Center, 2nd Floor, Tel.: 05955101/102, Fax: 05-955103, Hazmieh, Lebanon.

HANNA DAHER (Ibrahim, Emile), Civil Servant, Former Minister. Born in 1948 in Becharré, Lebanon. Married to Miss Nayla Wakil, 3 children: Emile, Tarek & Raya. Educ.: U.S.J., Ecole Ponts & Chaussées, and Paris University,(France). Dipl.: in Engineering, U.S.J. (19711973), in Law & Political Sciences, Paris University (1975). Career: President, Director General of several European companies and President Director General of ADLAL, France; Appointed Minister of Administrative Reform (2004-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon HANNA EL-DAHER (Samira, Emile), Diplomat. Born at Besharreh Nov. 1942. Daughter of Emile Hanna elDaher (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Souraya Issa el-Khoury. Educ.: St. Franciscan Convent School, St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Ph.D. in Public Law (1967), Masters Degree Political Science (MA) (1964), M.A. Law (1964). Career: In the Diplomatic Corps: Embassy Attaché in Australia (1969); acting Chargé d'Affaires in Australia (Aug. 1970); acting Consul General in Sydney (Nov. 197175); Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut (July 1975- Apr. 1977); Chargé d'Affaires, Lebanese Embassy, Pekin (Apr. 1977- Nov. 1977); Counsellor of Lebanese Embassy, London (Nov. 1977- June 1977); Consul General, NewYork (July 1979); Member of Delegation to General Assembly of United Nations (1964); Leader of Delegation to Girl Guide International Jamboree (Lebanese Delegation) (1965); former Ambassador to Japan; Ambassador of Lebanon to Nicosia (1999-2003); Lebanese Permanent Delegate to UNESCO, Paris (2003-). Pubi: Various magazine articles. Sports: Fencing and horseriding. Hobbies: Painting, poetry. Addr.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon and UNESCO, 1, Miollis Str., Paris XVe, France.

HAN ACHE (Kam al, Antoine), Surgeon urologist. Born on 11 July 1940 in Beirut. Son of Antoine Hanache (Police commissioner) and Mrs., née Mahiba Khairallah. Married on 18 June 1966 to Miss France Delbes, 4 children: Antoine, Patrick, Alain and Carla. Educ.: NotreDame de Jamhour College, French Lycée, American University of Beirut, University of Minnesota. Dipl.: B.Sc., M.D. M.Sc., (Urology-Mayoclinic). Career: Surgeon in USA (1966-67), urologist at Mayo Clinic (USA 1976-71), Genito-urinary surgeon in Beirut since 1970; surgeon, King Faysal Specialty Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Act.: Performed the first successful world transplant of fetal

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION HANNA (Elias), Ex Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (1996-98), Lawyer. Born in 1938 at Joun (Chouf), Lebanon. Married to Ilham Rahbani, 2 children: Ibrahim and Walid (Lawyers). Educ.: College St. Joseph Aintoura, St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Licence in Law, St. Joseph University (1961). Career: President, Joun Municipal Council (1969-98); President, Union of lklim al-Kharoub Municipalities (1981-98); General Secretary of the High Council of the Greek Catholic Community; Member of the Bar Association (1983-96). Addr.: P.O.Box 2009-116, Tel/Fax: 01-215908, Beirut, Lebanon.

on the Teaching of Arabic as a Second Language. Award: Fulbright Award 1995. Sport: Tennis. Hobbies: Painting and gardening. Credit Card: American Express. Prof. Addr.: L.A.U., Nicol Hall # 102 Tel.: 01-786464, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: L.A.U., Nicol Hall, Apt. 307, Tel.: 01-786456 ext. 1105/1232, Lebanon. HARB (Izzat, Salim), Lawyer, director general of Wakfs (charitable endowments). Born in 1932 in Beirut. Son of Salim Harb and Mrs., née Ramzieh Khattab. Married in 1966 to Miss Amina Fleifeil. Educ.: Lebanese University. Dipl.: LL.B. from the said University. Career: Customs official (1951), Lawyer (1962), Director General of Wakfs since 1963. Former Vice-President and now member of al-Makassed College Old Boys Association. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: Hamra, Abdel Aziz Str., Baalbaki Bldg., rez-de-chaussée, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Bourj Abi Haidar Str., Bassatne Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-640159, Beirut, Lebanon.

HARAKE (Salah), Former M.P. Born in 1943 at Bourj el-Brajne. Son of Late Mahmoud and Mrs., née Hikmat Jalloul. Married to Wafa Hassoun at Ghobayreh, 3 children: Raed (1976), Rana (1978), Jad (1985). Educ.: Elementary: Frères Jean-Baptiste de la Salle; Intermediate & Secondary: I.C.; University: AUB. Dipl.: B.A. + Normal Diploma. Career: Education (1963-75); Business (1976-96); Member of Parliament 1996 to 2000. Prof. Addr.: Strand Bldg., Hamra Str., Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: +961-1-755525, Fax: +961-1-755515, E-mail: s [email protected]. Priv. Addr.; Bristol Bldg., Mme Curie Str., Tel.: 01-739237, 353899, Lebanon.

HARB (Wassim), Professor of law, expert in computer and law. Born on July 20, 1946 in Tannourine, Lebanon. Son of Antoun Harb and Mrs. Zakieh Bou Meraeb. Married on July 13,1972 to Leila Baalbaki, two children: Charles (Aug. 3, 1974), Amai (Oct. 14, 1976). Educ.: Université d'Aix-Marseille (France), University of Beirut. Dipl.: Doctorate in Law, French Licence in Law, Lebanese Licence in Law. Career: Professor of Law -Lebanese University since 1973; Director of Legal Informatic Researches of the Faculty of Law (1980-83); Dean of Legal Informatic Center - Lebanese University (1986-93). Work: Consultant: Database Engineering, Judiciary reform, Legal Studies, Legal database producer under the Label: Researches and Consultations Office in Legal Informatics (MADAMEK). Products: 1 : Bulletin of Arab official journals, 2: Lebanese Banking Law, 3: Lebanese Labor Law, 4: Arabian Gulf Business Law. Sports: Tennis. Credit Card: Mastercard. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 1162050, Tel.: 01-380264, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Zalka, A. Hanna Bldg., Tel.: 01-893331, 886608, Beirut, Lebanon.

HARB (Boutros), Lawyer, deputy and former minister. Born at Tannoureen in 1941. Married on Sept. 11, 1990, one son and two daughters. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Elected deputy for Batrun in (1972-92 and 1996 elected again), and reelected in 2000 to date; Minister of Public Works, Education and Fine Arts (July 1979-July 1980); Minister of National Education and Fine Arts (Dec. 24, 1990-May 16, 1992). Priv. Addr.: Akiki Bldg., Mar Takla, Hazmieh, Tel.: 05459414, 428885, Beirut, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Badaro, Tel.: 01-383500, 382932, Beirut, Lebanon. HARB (Choucrallah, H.E. Mgr.), Archbishop. Born in 1923 at Yammouneh (Tannoureen). Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: Bachelor (theology), Doctorate (Canon Law.) Career: Ordained to the priesthood in 1949, Advocate, promoter of justice at the Holy Rota (Roma), Sacred Archbishop on 14 May 1967. Residence: Aramoun, Tel.: 09-931585, Jounieh, Lebanon.

HARDANE (Assaad Halim), Former Minister of Labour, Deputy. Born on July 31, 1951 in Rachaya Fakkhar (Hasbaya), Lebanon. Married to Miss Marlène Khneisser, four children: Frederika, Fidaa, Halim, Laure. Educ.: Lebanese University. Dipl.: B.A. Career: Member of the Syrian Popular Party since 1968, and Military responsible in (1980 to 1984); Member of the Political Bureau and its military Leader in 1987; Minister of State (Dec. 24, 1990- Oct. 31, 1992), Minister of Labour (May 1995- Dec. 1998); Elected Deputy (Oct. 1992, reelected in 1996- to date); Minister of Labour (2003-2004). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Beirut, Lebanon.

HARB (Hadia, Dr.), Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences - Professor of Education. Born in 1938 in Lebanon. Daughter of Habib Harb (Civil Servant) and Mrs. Eugenie Harb. Educ.: Choueifat International School, Lebanese American University, Ohio State University. Dipl.: High School, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. in Education. Career: Research Assistant A.U.B. (1967-68); Chairman of Education Department L.A.U. (1987-94); Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences L.A.U. (1995-) and Professor of Education. Pubi.: 3 Books and Articles

HARFOUCHE (Francois), Lawyer. Born in 1929 at

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 Golden Award, Lebanese Association of University Women (1967); Diploma of Distinction, I n t e n t i o n a l Biographical Centre (Apr. 1979). Honorary Member: Argentine Pediatric Association; Co-Founder Lebanese Red Cross; former vice-President World Y.W.C.A.; member of Sigmu-xi, Alpha Omega Alpha, Medical Honorary Society, of the Lebanese Order of Physicians, of American Public Health Association, founder-member of Lebanese Association for the Advancement of Science; former member of Executive Committee of International Union for the Protection of Children; member expert advisory panel MCH, WHO (Geneva); member, executive committee, International Association for Health Education; member, Lebanese National Commission for UNESCO (1949-74). Sport: Motoring. Hobby: Gardening. Priv. Addr.: Ramlet el-Baida, Beau-Rivage Bldg., Tel.: 01-300653, Beirut, Lebanon.

Bekassine, qâdâ of Jezzine (South Lebanon). Son of Selim Harfouche. Educ.: Law, Political Sciences, Letters, Islamic Archeology, History (Sorbonne - Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes). Prof.: Lawyer at the Bar, Historian & Man of Letters. Former Cultural Activities: PresidentFounder of "Club des Lettres" and "Club Echanges"; Former Counsellor of the Association of Lebanese Painters and Sculptors; Former Member of Directorate Committee of the Aero Club of Lebanon (flying Section). Present Cultural Activities: Critic & Art Writer, lecturer and essayist; Member of Union of Lebanese Authors and of Union of Arab Authors; Member of the Society of Men of Letters in France; Member of the Association of French Language Authors; Researcher in Universal History. Awards: Prize of the French Academy (1983- Création Littéraire). Publications and Prestations: Essay on Law and on Tourism: a) "La Censure au Cinéma" (in arabic), b) "Le Tourisme, Doctrine de Gouvernement" (in french). Essay on Art: "La Peinture et la Sculpture au Liban" (Revue de l'Institut Culturel Arabe de Beyrouth); Poetry: Three booklets in the series "Le Monde des Belles" a) "Arabelle aux Couleurs de la Vie", b) "Cybelle aux Couleurs du Temps" (Prize of French Academy), c) "Nubelle aux Couleurs du Rêve"; Various Conferences and articles in the foreign and local press. History: a) "Technologie, société, Culture: L'Innovation de Sumer à nos jours" (Animated debate, Conference in 1986 in Paris C.C.I), b) Historical Methology "How to write History"? (local, arab and french Press), c) La Nouvelle Histoire universelle "Comment l'écrire"?, "Cybelle aux couleurs du Temps", "Arabelle aux couleurs de la Vie", "Nubelle aux couleurs du Rêve", "Innana aux couleurs du mal" (under press). Addr.: Me. François Harfouche, Tel.: 01582853, 582543, 818018, 03-244540, Fax: 01-449118, P.O.Box 14-5770 Mar Elias, Bechir Joumblatt Str., Finance & Development Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

HARFOUCHE (Raymond), Legal and Business Consultant, Born in 1941 in Port Said (Egypt). Son of Fahim Harfouche and Mrs. Najla Harfouche. Married in 1974 to Miss Carmen Abou Nader, 3 children: Patricia, Stephanie, Patrick. £duc.: Cairo University, Faculty of Law; St. Joseph University Beirut, Faculty of Law; Academy of American & International Law, Dallas, Texas, USA; Faculté Internationale Pour l'Enseignement du Droit Compare, Strasbourg, France. Dipl.: LLB 1964 Cairo University, LLB 1965 St. Joseph University, Master in Law 1971 Dallas, Master in Comparative Law 1972, Master in European law 1973. Career: Attorney & Counselor at Law in Beirut (1965-78); Group Vicepresident Mepa Group Holding Paris (1978-99). Pubi.: The double taxation, a comparative law study; The status of the stateless in International law, both published in the faculty Law digest. Member: Lebanese Bar Association, American Bar Association, Peace through Law Center, Association française des Juristes d'Entreprises (AFJE). Sports: Swimming and jogging. Hobbies: Reading and collecting antique. Credit Cards: Visa. Prof. & Addr.: 5, avenue des Chasseurs 75017 Paris, Tel.: 0146224054, Fax: 0140740300, France.

HARFOUCHE (Jamal, Ghattas Karam), M.D., pediatrician. Born on 8 Jan. 1914. Daughter of Ghattas Karam (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Latifé Rahaim. Educ.: Jezzine primary school, Sidon secondary school, Beirut College for Women, American University of Beirut, University of Harvard, USA. Dipl.: B.A., M.Sc. (Hygiene), M.D., Ph.D (Public Health). Career: Paediatrician, specialization in Public Health - Nutrition, Professor of Maternal and Child Health of AUB. Pubi.: Author of 5 works including "Social structure of lowincome families in Lebanon", "Infant health in University - Customs and taboos", "Feeding practices and weaning patterns of Lebanese infants", "The growth and illness patterns of Lebanese infants" and several medical, social and literary articles. Award: Gold medal, Lebanese Merit Order. Dist.: Award of Fame (Beirut College for Women); Grand Humanitarian Prize (France); Said Aki Prize (July 1963); Research Grant National Institutes of Health (US Dollars 75.000 1961-64); WHO Fellowship (1958-60),

HARIRI (Bahia, el-), M.P. (Lebanese Parliament), Chairman of the Hariri Foundation, Saida. Born on June 23,1952 in Saida, Lebanon. Daughter of Bahaa Eddin elHariri and Mrs., née Hind Hijazi. Married in 1973 in Saida, to Mustapha el-Hariri, Four children: Nader, Ghina, Ahmad & Ola. Educ.: Secondary Education: Public Schools, Saida; Colleges: Teacher Training College, Saida. Dipl.: Teaching Diploma. Career: Teacher in Public Schools in South Lebanon: (1970-79); Chairman: Hariri Foundation, Saida (1979-); M.P.: Lebanese Parliament (1992-to date); Chairman: The Parliamentary Educational Committee (1992-); Trustee: in the Board of the Lebanese American University of Beirut (Formerly B.U.C.). Chairman: Saida's Heritage & Environment Society 162

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(1994-). Other Information: Founder of the Hariri High School, Saida & Chairman of its Board; Founder of a public library in Saida; Founder of two Pre-schools for needy children; Founder of the Sports Complex in Saida; Founder of two Health & Social Services centers in Saida; Founder of the Future Scouts in Lebanon & its general chief; A dynamic & active contributer in the social, cultural & educational movement in Lebanon, sponsoring many such activities; A solid source of moral & financial support to many local social & charity organizations. Medals & Decorations: Cedars National Decoration, Officer's Rank for Appreciation of her services in social, cultural & athletic fields; Chevalier dans l ' O r d r e Nationale du Mérite from the President of the French Republic. Sports: Jogging and swimming. Hobbies: Reading, especially history and biography. Credit Cards: American Express & Visa. Prof. Addr.: Jezzine St., Saida, Tel.: 07-724740, 725517, Fax: 07-725516. Priv. Addr.: Majdelyoon, Tel.: 07-722281, 01-860007, Saida, Lebanon.

Lebanon. Born on March 9, 1943 in Helsinki, Finland. Educ.: Doctor in Law. Career: Attaché at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1968-70); Attaché to the General Consulate in New York (1970-72); Second Secretary in Ottawa (1972-73); Second Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1973-76); First Secretary in Cairo (1976-79); Adviser at La Haye (1979-80); Chief of Minister of Foreign Affairs Office (1980-86); Minister Counsellor in Tokyo (1990-94); Director General of Legal Department (1990-94); Ambassador to Brazil (1994-97); Ambassador to La Haye (1998-2001); Director General of Legal International Department (2001-2005); Ambassador to Damascus (Sep. 2005); Appointed Ambassador to Lebanon (18.11.2005 - ). Addr.: c/o Consulate of Finland, Badaro, Facing Buick, P.O.Box 11-7956, Tel.: 01396702/704, Beirut, Lebanon. HASSAN (Hussein Hajj), Member of Parliament. Born in 1960 at Haouch Nabi (Casa Baalbeck). Married to Hayat Salhab, four children: Mohamed, Fatima, Nerges and Batoul. Educ.: Licence in Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University (1981), Master (with distinction), Strasbourg University (1984), Doctorate in Physics and Chemistry (with Honour), Orleans University, France (1987). Career: Professor at the Lebanese University, Faculties of: Sciences, Dentistry and Pharmacy, since 1987 till now; chairman of the Board, Islamic Educational Establishment (al-Mahdi Schools) since 1993; Participated in founding the Islamic Center for Guidance and Higher Education (1994); Participated in several scientific Conferences. Elected Deputy (1996-). Author of several publications. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

HARIRI (Saad, Rafie), Businessman, Member of Parliament. Born on April 18, 1970 in Riyad, Saudi Arabia. Son of Rafie Hariri, Prime Minister (Deceased). Educ.: Frères Maristes (Lebanon); Georgetown University (U.S.A). Career: General Manager of Saudi Oger (since 2005); President of Executive Committee for Oger Telecom and Omnia Holding; Member of the Board of International Affairs Institute, Saudi Investment Bank, Saudi Research and Marketing Group; Elected Deputy (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. H A R I Z (Salim, Suleiman), Magistrate, faculty lecturer. Born in 1918 at Arsoun (Lebanon). Son of Suleiman Hariz and Mrs., née Najibé Hariz. Married in July 1959 to Miss Saad al-Hadi, 1 child: Fadi. Educ.: Lebanese National College of Baabdat, Ecole Normale, French Law Faculty. Dipl.: LL.B., LL.D. Career: Magistrate, sole judge, counsellor Audit Office, counsellor Appeal Court of Beirut, Inspector General and Chief of Education Inspection, lecturer in laws at Lebanese University, Member of Central Inspection Board, Director General of the Ministry of Education (Apr. 1977). Pubi.: Author of a number of lectures on Wakfs (charitable endowments), "La Réalité Druze et la Fatalité de l'Evolution", "Le Droit Libanais", "Le Controle Préalable de la Cour des Comptes du Liban". Dist.: American International Academy, the International Order of Public Domain, French Merit Order, French academic palms. Former President: Lions club. Member: Association of studies for development, Lebanese Association of legal science. Sport: Physical culture and rambling. Hobbies: Music and do-it yourself. Priv. Addr.: Museum Square, Army road, Akar Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

H A S S A N (Jana, E1-), Choreographer. Born on Oct. 17, 1955. Son of Brigadier Said El-Hassan, Director of Security Forces and Mrs. née Nabila Baccar. Divorced, one children: Nour Nsouli (13/09/1994). Educ.: Mission Laique Française; American University of Beirut; Institute of Fine Arts, New York University (USA); Jussieu (Paris VII-France). Dipl.: B.S. in Nursing; M.A. in Dramatic Art; M.A. in Dance Education; D.E.A. in Anthropology. Career: Actress and Dancer (since 1975); Staff Nurse (1980-82); Actress, Dancer and Choreographer in Paris (1986-87); Professor of Dance (New York Board of Education) (1987-91); Professor of Dance Drama (Beirut, Lebanese University) (since 1991). Other Information: Pioneer in initiating "The Human Movement in Dance" (since 1986); Worked and followed courses in Dance Therapy in Paris, New York and Lebanon. Medal & Decorations: Grants and Scholarships from the Lebanese University, the Board of education in New York; Honored in several Festivals; lately at Unesco for women and theater (2005). Sports Practiced: Walking, Swimming, Singing and Camping. Hobbies: Museum, Galleries, Photography, Ethnic Sculpture and Jewellery. Clubs and

HARVOLA (Pertti Olavi), Ambassador of Finland to

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Associations: Alumny Club of AUB; Ninar; Dance Bassin Mediterranean; Lebanese Association of women researchers. Credit Cards: Visa Card, American Express ; Visa Gold (HSBC). Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 113-7341, Tel.: 961-3-383547. Priv. Addr.: Mrs. Curie Str., Sanayeh. Telefax: 961-1-341341.

University of Beirut (French Faculty of Medicine). Dipl.: M.D., specialization at C.D.C., in Atlanta University, Georgia, USA, Sheffield University, UK, and Pasteur Institute, Paris. Career: Director Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of health, Beirut, lecturer in Microbiology at American University of Beirut and the Lebanese University, on WHO panel of experts for virus diseases. Act.: Conducted research work on poliomyelitis, typhus, recurrent fever, intestinal anthrax, food poisoning, hepatitis, etc. Member: Lebanese Society of Public Health, Lebanese Cancer Society. Prof. Addr.: Hazmieh, Laboratoire Hazmieh (Dr. Joseph Hatem), Mallat Center, 2nd floor, face Banque Audi, Tel.: 05-450421, 429096, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Trabaud Str., Issa al-Khoury Bldg., Tel.: 01-339666, Beirut, Lebanon.

HASSAN (Zafer, Mohamed Eid, el-), Diplomat. Born in 1936 in Btouratige (North Lebanon). Son of Mohamed Eid el-Hassan (landowner) and Mrs. Chefíca elHassan. Married to Miss Salma Bizri. Educ.: Law School of St. Joseph University, Beirut and Université de Paris (Sorbonne). Dipl.: Licencíate in Law (1956); Higher Diploma of Political Economy (1959); LLD in International Public Law, Paris (1970); Diploma of Higher Administrative Studies of Modern Asia and Africa (Paris) (1963). Career: Accounts Survayor Lebanese Court of Accounts, Beirut (1959-61); Magistrate at the Council of State, Beirut (1962); Attaché, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut (1962-64); Secretary of Embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast (1964-66); First Secretary and Chargé d'Affaires Lebanese Embassy in London (1966-70); First Secretary and Chargé d'Affaires in Lebanese Embassy in Brussels (Benelux & Common Market) (1970-71); First Consellor & Chargé d'Affaires Lebanese Embassy, Paris (1971-75); Head of Arab Affairs, Foreign Ministry, Beirut (1975-78); Ambassador of Lebanon to Saudi Arabia (1978-90); Director of Political Affairs at the Central Administration, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1991- June 1993); Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (June 1993Dec. 1999). Pubi.: Has published poems in Lebanese Literary monthly "Aladab" (1958-70); Author of three poems collections: "Signs of Thirst & Lines of Ash" (1980), "Voyage on a Question Mark" (1984), "The Deluge" (1990). Translated into arabic "L'Esthetique" by Denis Huysmans (1960). Decor.: Order du Mérite Français (Commandeur), France; Order of King Abdul Aziz, First Degree (Saudi Arabia); Ordre du Mérite Italien (Grand Officier), National Order of Cedars (Commander), Lebanon. Sports: Swimming and jogging. Hobbies: Writing and reading. Addr.: P.O.Box 11-3300, Beirut, Lebanon.

HATJIAN (Berj), Director General - Ministry of Environment, Lebanon. Born in Beirut on 24 Mar. 1968. Son of Armen Hatjian - Secretary General (Insurance) and Mrs. Fida Rouwayheb-Hatjian. Educ.: International College, Lebanon, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, England. Dipl.: B.Sc. Environmental Health, M.Sc. Occupational Hygiene, Ph. D. Environment and Occupational Toxicology. Career: (1995-96): Research Associate, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; (1996-99): Director of Public Health and Development Science Program, University of Balamand, Lebanon; (1996-to date): Assistant Professor at University of Balamand; (1999-2002): Director General of the Ministry of Environment, Lebanon. (2005-to date): Acting Director General of Urban Planning. Other Information: Member in a Number of Learned Societies in Europe & North America, Eurotox Registered Toxicologist. Awards: Held a Number of Scholarships and Research Grants. Sports: 5A-Side Football, swimming, volleyball. Hobbies: Everything to do with Jazz Music (History, Live Concerts, Artists etc.) Credit Cards: Visa, Mastercard. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Environment, Azarieh Bldg., P.O.Box 112727, Lebanon (Ext. 500), Tel.: +961-1-976555, E-Mail: [email protected]. HATOUM (Platon, Assad), Doctor, M.D. Born on Dec. 19, 1935 in Kfarselwan, Lebanon. Son of Assad F. Hatoum and Mrs. Zaher Hatoum. Married on Nov. 4, 1961 in Beirut to Miss Afaf Abdelbaki, three children: Kamal, Karim and Naji. Educ.: (La Faculté Française de Médecine) - Beirut. Dipl.: (M.D.) Diplome de docteur en médecine (1962); Complementary studies: Certification Medicine from the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (1962); Fellow in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in New York University School of Medicine (1964-66); Fellow of the New York University Medical Center (1966-68); Fellow of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (1968); Fellow of the American Board of Rheumatology (1968) and (1970);

HATEM (Antoine, Najm), Architect, decorator. Born in Lebanon. Son of Najm Hatem. Dipl.: Architecture decorator from the Higher National School of Fine Arts and the Higher National School of Decorative Arts of Paris. Career: Architect - decorator, coproprietor of "Hatem" Furniture House. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Avenue de Γ Indépendance, Dr. Khattar Chebli Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-335645, 333372, Beirut. HATEM (Joseph, Mourad), M.D. Born in 1927 in Beirut. Son of Mourad Hatem and Mrs., née Martha Osta. Married on 30 Aug. 1958 to Miss Claude Abou Khaled, 3 children: Fady, Mona and Maya. Educ.: St Joseph

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Fellow of the Chinese Academy of the AcupunctureBeijing (1976). Career: Vice-President, International Rehabilitation Medicine Association (1990-to date); Owner and Practicing Rheumatologist (1962-to date), Physical Medicine (1966-to date), Acupuncturist (1976-to date) and Manual Medicine doctor (1966-to date); Resident in Rheumatology at the Veteran's Administration Hospital (1966-68); Resident in Rehabilitation Medicine in New York University Medical Center (1964-66); President of Kfarsalwan Municipality (1998-to date). Works: Owner and Practicing Doctor of the Institute for Spinal and Rheumatic Diseases, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Beirut, Lebanon (1969-to date) and the Dr. Platon Hatoum's clinic in Riyadh, K.S.A. (1976-to date). Member: Founding Member of The American Rheumatology Association (1986-to date); Lebanese Medical Association (1962-to date); American Academy of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (1995-to date); American College of Rheumatology (1969-to date); International Manual Medicine (1986-to date); International Society of Acupuncture (1972-to date). Sports: Walking and home exercises. Hobbies: Painting and reading. Credit Cards: Golden Visa, American Express. Prof. Addr.: Lebanon: P.O.Box 113-6398 Hamra, Beirut, Dar el-Baidaa Bldg., Madame Curie St., Tel.: +961-1-810887, + 961-1-811331, +961-3-855088, Lebanon. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: P.O.Box 66188, Riyadh, Old Airport Road, Tel.: +966-1-4769769, Saudi Arabia.

Politician, Secretary General of the Lebanese Bloc National Party. Sports: Swimming, basketball, Ping Pong. Hobbies: Reading, cinemas, theatres. Member: Lion's Club. Priv. Addr.: Jbeil, St. Georges Str., Tel.: 09942419, 541676. Jbeil Office: Centre Ville, Hawat Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 09-945898, Lebanon. HAYEK (Hoda Abdel Ahad), Civil Servant, Audit Office Controller. Born at Jadayel (Jbeil), Lebanon. Married to Me Antoine Hayek. Educ.: LL.B., St. Joseph University (1963), High Diploma Studies in Law (1974). Career: Controller at the Audit Office (1965); First Controller then Judge (1993); Appointed Chief Department (27.1.1999-). Addr.: Audit Office, Kantari, face Arlequin, Army Str., Daouk & Raad Bldg., 7th floor, Beirut, Lebanon. HAYEK (Ignace Antoine II, H.B. Mgr.), Syrian Patriarch. Born on 14 Sept. 1910 in Aleppo (Syria). Educ.: Charfeh Patriarchal Seminary (1922-26), Pontifical College for the Propagation of the Faith (1926-37). Pontifical Institute of Rome. Dipl.: Doctorate (philosophy), Bachelor (theology), Ph.D. (Oriental Letters). Career: Ordained to the priesthood on 10 June 1933, Professor, Parish Priest, Director of Brotherhoods and Vicar General in Aleppo (1938-59) succeeded (15 Aug. 1959-68), Mgr. Hindieh on Aleppo Episcopal seat, elected patriarch of Catholic Syrians on 10 Mar. 1968. He renounced the Patriarchate on 27 June 1998. Residence: c/o Soeurs Ephrémites, Batha, Harissa, P.O.Box 2004 Jounieh, Lebanon.

HAWARI (Yasser, Muhammad), Journalist. Born on 27 Dec. 1929 in Lebanon. Son of Muhammad Hawari and Mrs., née Zahia Kaddoura. Married on 27 Dec. 1966 to Miss Leila Shayeb (journalist), 4 children: Lynn, Yasser Jr., Johanna and Rani. £duc.: al-Makassed College, American University of Beirut, College of Journalism. Dipl.: B.A. (journalism). Career: Journalist, Editor "al-Ousbou al-Arabi", lecturer in journalism at Lebanese University of Beirut. Pubi.: Author of "Layali Laha Thaman", "Hikayat Min al Hayat", "Lan Yakon Widaan" (short stories) and "Shay Lee Zikra" (novel). Award: Medal of Throne Order of Morocco. Member: Press Association. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Aviation, classical music and reading. Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon and Paris, France.

HAZOU (Jean), Former diplomat. Born in Jerusalem in 1923. Educ.: Secondary and higher, Journalism. Career: In the diplomatic corps, successively Secretary and Chargé d'Affaires in Sierra Leone, Canada & Cuba, Director of Arab Affairs at Political Department, former Lebanese Ambassador to Ghana, Togo, Chad and Iraq. Awards: Silver Papal Decoration of the Holy Land, 13 June 1951. Addr.: Hazmieh, Brazilia, Henri Helou Str., Horizon Bldg., No. 44, 1st floor, Tel.: 05-453820, Hazmieh, Lebanon and Post Office: Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon. HBOUS (Ahmed Abdo), Former Member of Parliament, Economist. Born in 1941 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Married to Souad Dawlan Marhouch, 4 children: Cherine, Khadiga, Mohamed Ali, Salem. Educ.: Secondary, Evangelical School. Dipl.: Baccalaureate in Economic and Political Sciences, Beirut Arab University. Career: In contracting and trade in Lebanon, Syria, the Arabian Gulf Countries, and Saudi Arabia; since 1976, President to several international companies in the Gulf Area, Canada, U.S.A., Asia, Europe and North Africa; Elected Deputy (1996-2005). Awards: Awarded several Medals from Canada and U.S.A. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

HAWAT (Jean), Lawyer. Born on Dec. 10, 1938 in Jbeil, Lebanon. Son of Nassib Hawat (trader) and Mrs., née Zakia Sfeir. Married in Jbeil 1966 to Jeanette Salamé, 2 children: Patricia (28 June 1970), Nassib (2 Jan. 1974). Educ.: Frères Maristes, Jbeil; Frères Maristes, Jounieh; Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes, Gemmayzeh, Beirut, Université St. Joseph. Dipl.: Law, Political Sciences, History. Career: Lawyer, Bar of Beirut (since 1963). Other Information: Former

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HECHAIME (Camille), Clergyman (Jesuit), Publisher, Editor. Born in 1933 in Bikfaya (Lebanon). Son of Iskandar Hechaïmé and Mrs., née Rose Labaki. Educ.: St. Joseph Jesuit High School (Beirut); St. Joseph University (Beirut); Paris University (Sorbonne); Lyon University (France). Dipl.: M.A. (Philosophy), Paris; M.A. (Literature) Beirut, (Theology), Beirut; Ph.D. (Arabic Literature), Lyons (France). Career: Principal College Notre-Dame de Jamhour, Lebanon (1966-69, 1972-74); Professor at Aleppo State University (1974-81); Jesuits Regional Superior in Syria (1981-87); Managing Director, Dar el-Machreq publishing house (1988-); Director "al-Machriq" Journal. Pubi.: Author, Wrote or translated some 25 books and 60 specialised articles on arabic literature, history, theology, education, etc... Sports practised: Long distance running (marathon). Hobby: Reading. Clubs: President Club Sportif de Jamhour. Prof. Addr.: Jesuits Residence, Tabaris, Beirut, Tel.: 01-202423, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: the same. Tel.: 01-200458, Beirut and Dar el-Machreq sari, P.O.Box 166778, Ashrafieh, Beirut 1100 2150, Lebanon.

children: Laura (1991), Alexandre (1993), Pierre (1996). Educ.: Jamhour School; Lycée Français; AUB; Cornell University (U.S.A); Architecture University (U.K., London). Dipl.: Masters in Architecture. Career: Architect ; Member at Syndicate of Engineers; Member of the Maronite League; Elected Deputy of Aley (2003-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. HELOU (Maroun, Joseph), Engineer. Born in 1951 in Ghosta, Lebanon. Son of Joseph Helou and Mrs., née Jeanne d'Arc Corm. Educ.: College Notre-Dame de Jamhour, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.Sc. in Civil Engineering (1975). Career: Owner and General Manager of a company called ABNIAH. ABNIAH exercises its functions since 1979 and has acquired an asset and a professional experience in contracting, from the excavation till the finishing of the last detail, which has won the company its reputation and the fact of being classified in the A category - First grade - in the register of the building department in the Ministry of Public works and its qualification in 1992 at the Council for Development and Reconstruction in the first category of the general building enterprises among the five first companies in Lebanon. Member of National Liberal Party (NLP) (1970); President of organization of students in NLP (1972-75); Secretary of interior affairs in NLF (197585); Represented the party in many committee and particularly in the coordination committee with Palestinians (1976-77); Represented the party in dialogue with Syria and visited Syria many times with former President Chamoun in 1977 & 1978. Represented the NLP in the conferences of Geneva and Lausanne accompanying former President Chamoun in 1983; Member of the naturalisation committee which was formed by the Council of Ministers in 1984 as results of national conferences, Member of Political Bureau of NLP (1985); Reelected Member of Political Bureau in NLP in 1987; Represented the NLP in the command of the Lebanese Forces (1986). Sports: Skiing, tennis and swimming. Member: A.T.C.L., Kaslik and Faqra Club. Credit Cards: Visa; Amex. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Tabaris, Moutran Bldg., 1st & 6th floor, P.O.Box 165556, Achrafieh, Beirut 1100 2050, Tel/Fax: + 961 1 583118, + 961 1 445300 & 301, + 961 1 583232 & 233, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Tabaris, Moutran Bldg., Tel.: +961-1-561444, Beirut, Lebanon.

HECHAIME (Makram), Businessman. Born in 1944, in Lebanon. Married. Educ.: B.A. in Business Administration Commercial and Instrument Flying Pilot Licence. Career: Production and Personal Manager, Laminated Plastic Sheets, S.A.L., Industrial Marketing Manager, Laminated Plastic Sheets, S.A.L., Chairman First S.A.L., Sports: Skiing, waterskiing, tennis. Addr.: Kaslik, Nassif Abu Chediac Bldg., Lebanon and Paris, France. HELOU (Albert, Nakhlé), M.D., Born in 1921 at Baabda (Lebanon). Son of Nakhle Helou (merchant) and Mrs., née Marie Helou. Married in Sept. 1951 to Miss Simone Moukarzel, 4 children: Cesar, Marie-Claude, Fadi and Nagi. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut (Faculty of Medicine). Dipl.: M.D., Graduate School of Aeronautical Medicine of Paris (1948). Career: Specialization in glands, diabetis and aeronautical medicine, Lebanese Air Force Expert, former assistant to Professor Gilbert Dreyfus (1946-48), practice since 1948. Pubi.: Author of a number of scientific studies published in French medical journals. Awards: Officer, National Order of Cedar; Gold medal, Lebanese Order of Merit; Lebanese Army Eagle Medal. Member: French Endocrinology Society since 1948, Association of Ancient Dwellings and Sceneries of Lebanon. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Archaeology. Priv. Addr.: Huvelin Str., Tel.: 01202010, 332234, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Chbaro Str., Wardeh Bldg., 2nd floor, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-321488, Beirut; P.O.Box 138 (Bikfaya), Tel.: 04-980500, Lebanon.

HIJAZI (Moustapha), Academic. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: Cairo and Lyon universities. Dipl.: B.Sc., and Ph.D. (Sociology and Psychology). Career: Psychologist lecturer at the Lebanese University of Beirut. Pubi.: Author of a thesis "Juvenile delinquency and selfachievement" (which foreword by Professor Marcel Colin

HELOU (Henri, Pierre), Architect, Member of Parliament. Born on March 19, 1953 in Lebanon. Son of Pierre Helou (Deceased). Married to Mariane Matera, 3

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1967, Paris), Myth of Objectivity in Psychometry (in arabic). "Juvenile Deliquents" (in arabic). Priv. Addr.: Koraitem, Mme Curie Str., (near Palace Hariri), Confort Bldg., 5th floor, Appt. 6, Tel.: 01-811418, Beirut, Lebanon and in Bahrain.

2002 in jail for political reasons. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Cooking, bridge, reading. Priv. Addr.: Badaro, Horch Kfouri, Alam Str., Hochar Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01-392259, Beirut, Lebanon. HITTI (Antoine), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1947. Married, 4 children. Educ.: Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University. Career: Active in the Syrian Popular Party, Elected Deputy (1996-2000). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

HIMADEH (Raja, Sa'id), Government official. Born in 1922 in Beirut. Son of Sa'id Himadeh (Professor of Economics) and Mrs. Widad Himadeh. Married in 1946 in Beirut to Miss Huda Takieddine. Five children: Akram (Ph.D.), Nuha, Rima, Jumana, Malek. Educ.: College Protestant, International College, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. (Economics) (1945), M.A. (Economics) (1953). Career: Occupied several administrative and technical positions in the Ministry of Finance (1948-67); Alternate Governor of the World Bank for Lebanon (1949-67); Assistant Professor and Lecturer (part-time) PSPA Dept. at A.U.B. (1953-69); Inspector General and Government Attorney at Diciplinary Council (1967-74); Government Commissioner to the Central Bank (1974-86); Governor of the Islamic Development Bank for Lebanon (1978-90); Alternate Governor of the World Bank for Lebanon (1985-90); Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Chouf National College (1991-); Eisenhower Exchange Fellow (1960); Represented Lebanon in meetings of experts for drafting the Agreement of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes, sponsored by the World Bank in Bankok and Washington (1964). Pubi.: Author of "The Fiscal System of Lebanon", published under the auspices of the Dept. of Public Administration, A.U.B. (1961); Editor of "Dirasat 'An Hukumat Lubnan" published by the Dept. of Public Administration, A.U.B. (1955). Decor.: Lebanese Order of the Cedars, Knight Rank. Sport: Hunting. Hobbies: Repairs of appliances and gadgets, banking and cooking. Member: A.U.B. Alumnie Club, St. Georges Club. Priv. Addr.: Jurdak Str., off, Ardati St., Manara, Said Hamadeh Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-742343, Beirut, Lebanon.

HITTI (Joseph, Habib), Cleric. Born in 1925 at Aytou (Lebanon). Son of Habib Hitti and Mrs., née Lamia Alouan. Educ.: Secondary at St. Joseph University of Beirut, St. Sulpice International Seminary. Dipl.: Bachelor (theology and philosophy) from the said seminary (1945), Doctorate in Laws from the Pontifical University of Latran, Rome (1951). Career: Secretary at the maronite bishopric of Tripoli (1954), president of the Maronite Unified Tribunal of Lebanon, professor of Canon Law at St. Joseph University of Beirut (1963-67), now promoter of justice and defendant of the link at the tribunal of the sacred Roman Rota since Feb. 1968, defendant of the link at the Congregation for the discipline of Sacraments, relator at the Congregation for the discipline of Sacraments, relator at the Congregation of the Faith, lecturer in Canon Law at the Oriental Pontifical Institut of Rome. Pubi.: Thesis on the Promoter of Justice. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Rota Tribunal, Romaine, Piara Delia Cancelleria 1, Vatican, Italy. HMAYED (Ayoub), Deputy and former Minister. Born on Oct. 7, 1954 in Bint-Jbeil (South Lebanon). Married, to Nohad El-Husseini, 5 children: Farah, Amai, Bochrah, Abdallah and Mohamed Ali. Educ.: Lebanese University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. in Arabic Literature. Career: Joined "Amai" (1973), General Director, Ministry of Information (1985); Elected Deputy (1992, reelected in 1996 to date); former President of the Parliamentary Commission of Information and P.T.T. and member of the Commission of Defence and Security; Minister of Social Affairs (Nov. 7, 1996 -Dec. 1998); Appointed Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources (2003-2004); President of Parliamentary commission of Agriculture and Tourism(2005- ). Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon .

HINDI (Toufic, Razzouk), Politician. Born on 3 Dec., 1947 in Beirut. Son of Razzouk Hindi (Trader) and Mrs., née Yolande Yaacoub. Married on June 26,1977 in Deir Cherfe to Miss Claude Nader, three children: Karim (1978), Marwan (1981) and Nicolas (1988). Educ.: International college; Lycée FrancoLibanais; Centre d'Etudes Mathématiques; Faculté des Sciences, Paris VI. Dipl.: Ph.D. (Mathematics. Career: Constant Job: Professor in Sciences Faculty at the Lebanese University; Reinsurance Manager; Computer system architect and analyst; General Manager of the Information Department in the Lebanese Forces; General Manager of the voice of Lebanon. Other Info.: Wide personal political culture and practice; Book writer under surnames and unpublished political studies; In

HOBEICA (Samir), Ambassador. Born on 21 Jan. 1940 in Rechmaya, Lebanon. Son of Nagib Hobeica and Mrs. Wadad Kanaan. Married to Mona Abi Karam, 4 children: Nathalie, Adib, Nagib and Samir Junior. Educ.: Collège de la Sagesse des Pères Maronites, Beirut; University of St. Joseph, Beirut. Dipl.: National Institute of Administration and Development of the Conseil of the Public Function. Career: Secretary at the Embassy of Lebanon in Morocco (1972); Secretary, Embassy of

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in Economics. Career: Assistant, University of Pennsylvania (1977-80); Assistant Professor, Drexel University (1980-81); Professor and Dean, University of St. Joseph (1980-89), Member of the Board of Directors of Centers of Banking and Insurance Studies (1980-89); Adjunct Professor, The American University in Washington D.C. (1992-93); Financial Economist, The World Bank, Washington, D.C. (1989-94); Adviser, Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting, Doha, Qatar (199495); Member of the founding committee of the Agricultural Development Bank (1995); Chairman/CEO of Sodetel (1994-2003); Secretary General of ICC Lebanon (1996-2003); Honorary S.G. and Board Member (2003-); Adjunct Professor at AUB (1994-2003); Full Professor of Economics and Finance at the NDU LOUAIZE (2003-). Awards: Fulbright Scholar, The Wharton School, 1985. Sport: Tennis. Hobby: Chess. Member: Rotaiy Club of Beirut (1986-89, 1996-present), of Washington D.C. (1989-); American Economic Association, Middle East Economic Association, World Affairs Council of Washington, D.C. Pubi: Wrote over one thousand articles in Lebanese and international professional and academic journals. Prof. Addr.: NDU, Louaizé, P.O.Box 72 (Zouk Mikael), Tel.: 09-218950, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Yarze, Tel.: 05-921190, Fax: 05921309, 03-300075, Beirut, Lebanon. E-mail : [email protected] or [email protected] .

Lebanon in Brazil (1973); Counsellor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Beirut (1980); Ambassador in Amman, Jordan (1983); Ambassador in Brasilia, Brazil (1985); Chief of the Consular Division at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut; Chief of Protocol at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Chief of the Division of Emigrants, and Chief of the Cultural Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ambassador in Vienna, Austria (1994); Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to Bern, Switzerland (1999-2004). Member of: Lebanese delegation at UNESCO; Lebanese Delegation at the Islamic Organisms to Science, Education and Culture; Lebanese Delegation at Committee "Jerusalem". Medals: Medal of the National Order of Southern Cross, Brazil; Great Medal of the "Inconfidencia", Minas Gerias, Brazil; Medal of the Peixoto, Alagoas, Brazil. Prof. Addr.:c/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon. HOBEICHE (Fawzi), Former Deputy, former Minister of Cultural Affairs and Higher Education. Born in 1937 at Kobeiyat (Akkar), Lebanon. Married to Thérèse Fouad Daheer, 3 children: Lina, Ziad, Hadi. Educ.: Licence in Lebanese and French Law, St. Joseph University (1962), Diploma in Public Management (1968). Career: Head of Department, Council of Public Service (1969-82); also Permanent Representative of Lebanon at the "Arab Administrative Development Organization" at the Arab League (1970-82), and presided it between (1974-76); in 1991 appointed President of Public Service Council; President, Central Inspection (1992-96); Elected Deputy (1996-2000); Minister of Cultural Affairs & Higher Education (1996-98). Participated with Arab Experts to Elaborate the Chart of the Arab League (197983); Represented Lebanon in more than one hundred regional and international conferences. Author of several publications on administration. Addr.: Jounieh/-Sarba, Centre Versailles, 3rd floor, Tel.: 03-216616, Sarba, Lebanon.

HOBEIKA (Mansour, Mgr.), Maronite Archbishop of Zahlé. Born on Sept. 19, 1941 at Hadath Baalbeck, Lebanon. Educ.: Elementary and Secondary at Clerical School, Ghazir (1953-61); Philosophy & Theology, St. Joseph University (1962-68). Dipl.: Licence in Literature, Psychology, Philosophy; Licence in Theology from St. Joseph University; Higher Studies from Angilicom University, Rome; Licence in Law & Higher Studies from Instituto Orientale, Rome; Diploma in Islamic Sciences. Lang.: Arabic, French, Italian, German, English, Latin & Syriac. Career: Ordained Priest (1968); Secretary General at Jounieh Diocese (1968-71); Moved to Rome and became Redactor of Arab Programs, Vatican-Radio (197175); Returned to Lebanon & appointed Judge at the Maronite Court & Priest to Bouar Parish (1975); Professor of Law at Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK) and Member of the Board of Caritas-Liban & president for five years to Kesrouan District. Since 1982 appointed General Vicar to Jounieh Diocese. Ordained Chorbishop (16.9.2000); appointed President of Maronite Appeal Court (6.12.2001), Elected Archbishop to Zahlé (2002-). Pubi: He has several articles and lectures about different subjects in law. Prof. Addr.: Archbishopric of Zahlé, P.O.Box 266 (Zahlé), Tel: 08-805111, 08-805432, Fax: 08805432, Zahlé.

HOBEICHE (Hadi), Lawyer, Member of Parliament. Born on Jan. 7,1974 in Kobeiyate, Lebanon. Son of Fawzi Hobeiche. Educ.: Notre Dame Louaizé Institute; Sagesse University. Dipl.: Licence in Law from Sagesse University (1997). Career: Lawyer, Training in the Office of Dr. Mounif Hamdane (1998-2001); Elected Deputy of Akkar (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon HOBEIKA (Louis, Georges), Dean of Faculty of Economic Sciences, U.S.J. 1980-89. Born on 14 July 1954 in Zahlé, Lebanon. Son of Georges Hobeika and Mrs., née Wadad Moutran. Married on 28 June 1986 in St. Joseph College, Antoura to Ms. Joumana Kmeid. 2 Children: Hind and Youmna. Educ.: University of Pennysylvania, University of St. Joseph, University of Paris II, and American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Ph.D.

HOMSY (Fathallah, Constantin), M.D., radiologist.

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Born on 1 June 1926 at Aleppo (Syria). Son of Constantin Homsy (merchant) and Mrs., née Bassima de Sahb. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Faculty of Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Paris. Dipl.: M.D., specialization in electro-radiology in Paris (1956). Career: M.D. at the Radiology Institute of Hotel-Dieu de France of Beirut, at Dr. Rizk hospital (1956-61), set-up practice in 1962. Member: Yacht club of Beirut, French Union Club. Sport: Swimming. Priv. Addr.: 32, Yared Str., Dr. Homsy Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-215034, Beirut, Lebanon.

(Doctor of Medicine) and Mrs., née Nada Baz. Married on July 17, 1986 to Miss Ariette Gebara, 3 children: Antoine (1987), Christine (1988), Lynn (1995). Educ.: College Notre-Dame de Jamhour, College des Frères Maristes. Dipl.: Commercial Studies. Career: Associate "Société Nouvelle de la Droguerie Nationale" (1971-75); "Air France" Held Different Posts in Fret service Aeoroport International of Beirut (1975-90); Sales Manager "Century Motor Company" Agent Hyundai in Lebanon (Mars 1994). Sports practised: Swimming and hunting. Hobbies: Antiquity Collecting, art, painting. Clubs and Associations: Member of Club Sportif Deir el-Kamar, Elected Treasurer (1972-74), elected Vice-President (197496); Elected Vice-president "Alliance Famine Honein" in Lebanon (1998-2000) reelected in 2000-02, Elected President (Dec. 2002-). Prof. Addr.: Jal el-Dib, Autostrade, Bldg. Boustani Century Motor Company -Hyundai, Tel.: 04-719601/2, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tabaris, Achrafieh, Saints-Coeurs Str., Dr. Antoine Honein Bldg., Tel.: 01218882, 333317, 03-394580, Beirut, Lebanon. Summer: Deir el-Kamar, Chouf, Honein Bldg., Tel.: 05-505015, Lebanon.

HOMSY (Naoum, Victor), Director of companies. Born on 14 May 1921 in Paris. Son of Victor Homsy (lawyer) and Mrs., née Neda Hindie. Married on 8 Jan. 1969 to Miss Eva Manasci. Educ.: St. Louis de Gonzague School, Paris, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate), Licencie en Droit LL.B. Career: Middle East delegate of "Banque de l'Union Européenne", president director general of "Recherches et Réalisations Industrielles, S.A.L.". and "Arabian Chemicals Industries S.A.L." Sports: Swimming, sailing and ski. Member: Automobile Club, and Golf Club. Prof. Addr.: Tabaris square, Dakdouk Bldg., P.O.Box. 16-6022, Tel.: 01-324280, 331582, Beirut, Villa Hindie, Hazmieh, Lebanon.

HONEIN (Salah), Lawyer, former Deputy. Born on July 29, 1956 in Kfarchima, Lebanon. Son of Edouard Honein (Lawyer, Writer, Politician) and Mrs. Virginie Zoghbi Honein. Married on Dec. 28, 1988 in Bkerke to Miss Astrio Opden Bosch, two children: Edward and Ines. Educ.: College Notre-Dame de Jamhour; Université St. Joseph, Beirut; U.W.I.S.T University, Cardiff, G.B.; Southampton University, G.B. Dipl.: Masters in Law at Université St. Joseph, MSe Marine Law at UWIST University - Cardiff, MPhil International Law at Southampton University. Career: Lawyer, Member of Parliament (2000-2005). Pubi: Author published by Lloyd's of London Press in 1991. Sports practised: Swimming, jogging, skiing, horse riding. Hobbies: Reading, movies, theatre, tennis, water skiing. Prof. Addr.: Tel.: 01-614728, 615145, 03-224147, Beirut, Lebanon.

HONEIN (Antoine, Khalil), M.D. Born on 18 Feb. 1918 at Deir el-Kamar (Lebanon). Son of Khalil Honein and Mrs., née Mathilde Henoud. Married 22 May 1949 to Miss Nada Baz, 4 children: Nadim, Fadi, Khalil and Sami. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: M.D., (1946), agrege Paris Faculty of Medicine (1952). Career: M.D. in chief St. Joseph Hospital of Beirut; gastroenterologist at Military Hospital; full professor of therapeuthy at the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut since 1962, elected president of the Doctors Association, (1967); reelected in 1970 for the second time. Pubi.: Wrote a number of medical studies including one on adult diaphragmatic hernia published by medical journals in France, on ankytostomiases in Lebanon, on acute meningitis etc. Awards: Gold medal, Lebanese Order of Merit; Commandèr, Order of St. Gregory the Great (1966); Gold Medal, Health Order (Mar. 1969), Knight, Legion d'Honneur 1972), Order of the Cedar (1973). Member: Franco-Lebanese Medical Association of Beirut, of French Association of Beirut, of French Association for the development of medical research, of the Middle East group of French-educated doctors, of gastro-enterology society of Lebanon of the Doctors Association of Lebanon, (1964). Sports: Tennis, football and shooting. Hobby: Reading. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: 40 Saints Cœurs Str., Honein Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-333317, Beirut, Lebanon.

HOSRI (Fernand Antoine), Merchant, Businessman. Born in 1966 in Lebanon. Career: Fernand Hosri founded the "Etablissements F.A. Hosri" Specialized in Import and wholesale of several products: Sweets (Chewing-gums orbit, Bonbon Fisherman's Friend, etc...), Cosmetics (Ashtar Soaps), Paper-making (papers Holdia and Hens, Material of office Department on line) and Pharmaceutical products (antalgiques Rayma). Shareholder and President Director General of Sociétés Saad Company for Telecommunications Equipment (Sacotel, agent between others of Panasonic), Edifah SARL, Sacotel SAL (offshore) and Sacotel Panasonic Services. His wife Eugénie Saad is shareholder and Senior Executive director of Saad Group, firm of transport and commerce of construction and wood materials. Prof. Addr.: Ets. F.A. Hosri, Gemmayzé, Pasteur

HONEIN (Nadim), Businessman. Born on May 28, 1951 at Deir el-Kamar, Chouf. Son of Antoine Honein

169

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Str., Hosri Bldg., P.O.Box 11-565, Tel.: 01-449737, Fax: 01-583824, Beirut, Lebanon.

Lebanon. HOUEISS (Rodrigue, Elias, el-), Attorney-at-Law. Born in 1940 in Beirut. Son of Elias el-Houeiss (School Director) and Mrs., née Linda Chemaly. Married in 1968 at Bkerki, Lebanon to Miss Nadia Tabry. 3 children: Elizabeth, Danielle and Jean-Luc. Educ.: Collège Francais du Sacré-Cœur, Beirut; Université St. Joseph, Beirut; Université de Droit de Paris (Pantheon, Sorbonne). Dipl.: LLD, (Civil Law); Ph.D. of Third Cycle (Business Law); Licencíate in French and Lebanese Law; Docteur d'Etat en Droit. Career: Member of Lebanese Bar (since 1963), Member of Paris Bar (Since 1979), International Lawyer; International Arbitrator. Member: Former Secretary of the Lebanese National Bloc (led by Raymond Edde); member of: Association Nationale des Docteurs en Droit (Paris); Association Française de l'Arbitrage (Paris); Comité Français de l'Arbitrage (Paris); Union Internationale des Avocats (Brussels). Decor.: Ordre du Mérite National Français (1974). Sports: Swimming, tennis, basketball, jogging. Hobbies: Reading and fishing. Credit cards: American Express, Visa, Carte Bleue. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: 18 Ave, Mozart, Tel.: 45200308,45274332, Fax: 45205964, 75016 Paris, France.

HOSS (Salim, el-), Former Deputy, Economist and Politician. Born on 20 Dec., 1929 in Beirut. Son of Ahmad el-Hoss and Mrs. Wadad Hoss, widower since May 12,1990, single daughter, Wadad. Educ.: BBA, with distinction; American University of Beirut (1952); MBA, American University of Beirut (1957); Ph.D. in Economics and Business, Indiana University (1961) (on Rockfeller Foundation Scholarship). Career: Teaching at A.U.B., ending up as Associate Professor of Business (1955-69); Financial Adviser, Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development, Kuwait (1964-66); President, Banking Supervision Commission, Lebanon (1967-73); Chairman of the Board and General Manager, National Bank for Industrial Development, Beirut, Lebanon (1973-76); Prime Minister of Lebanon (1976-80) heading two consecutive governments; Adviser to the Arab Monetary Fund, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (1983); Head of the Arab Dinar Study Group, Arab Monetary Fund (1984-85); Chairman of the Board, Banque Arabe et Internationale d'Investissement, Paris (1982-85); Minister of Education, Lebanon (1985-87); Head of Arab Experts Team, Commissioned by the Arab League, (1986-87); Prime Minister of Lebanon (June 1, 1987-Dec. 25 1990); Elected Deputy (1992, reelected in 1996); Member of the Board of Trustees, American University of Beirut (1991-); Member in the Consultative Council of the International Bank for the Middle East and North Africa (1992-); President of the Council of Minister (Dec. 1998-2001). Pubi: A large number of studies and articles in Economics and Politics, including 2 books in English and several books in Arabic. "The Development of Lebanon's Financial Markets" (Beirut, 1974); "Nafizat Al'Almoustakbal" (Beirut, 1981); "Lebanon: Agony & Peace" (Loubnan al-Moanat wal Silm) (Beirut, 1982); "Loubnan Al'Almouftareq" (Beirut, 1983); "Nikat Al'Alhourouf (Beirut, 1987); "Harb Addahaya al'Addahaya" (Beirut, 1988); "Ala Tariq el-Jamhourieh elJadideh" (Beirut 1991); "Ahd el-Karar wal'Hawa" (Beirut, 1991); "Tajareb el-Hokm fi Hakabet el-Inkissam" (198790); "Zaman el-Amal wal-Khaybeh" (Beirut, 1992); Tajareb el-Hokm mabayn 1976 wa 1980; "Zikrayat wa I'bar" (1993); "Nahnou wattaifiyeh" (2003); "Oussarat elOmr" (2004). Priv. Addr.: Aisheh Bakkar, Autostrade Canal 7, Dodar Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01-736000/01, Fax: 01-354929, Beirut, Lebanon.

HOURY (Ammar, Omar), Dentist, Member of Parliament. Born on Oct. 31, 1954 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Dr. Omar Houry (Deceased). Career: Dental Surgeon; Vice-President of Dentary Syndicate in Lebanon; Member of Trustees of Wakf "Albar wal Ihsan"; Member of Board, Beirut Arab University; Elected Deputy of Beirut I (2005to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. HOVNANIAN (Sebouh), Former Member of Parliament and former Minister. Born in 1947 in Beirut. Married to Roula Majzoub, 2 children: Tamara, Serge. Educ.: Armenian School and Soeurs Mariamistes (Jbeil), International College. Dipl.: Licence in Dentistry, St. Joseph University. Career: Appointed Member and secretary general of the Central Committee, Tachnak Party (1982) (1985-98), reelected in Apr. 1996; Elected Deputy (1996-2005); Member of the Parliamentary Committees: Defence, Interior and Security, Health, Labor and Social Affairs (1996-2000); Appointed Minister of Youth and Sports (2001-03). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. HRAIR (Diar-Bekirian), BEKIRIAN (Hrair).

HOUBALLAH (Hassan), Member of Parliament. Born in 1959. Educ.: Political Sciences at Lebanese University. Career: Joined "Hizbullah Party" in 1982; Assumed Several Positions at this Party, specially in South Lebanon; Professor at Technical School in Tyr until 1991; Elected Deputy (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de Γ Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut,

Artist,

See

DIAR-

HRAOUI (Khalil, Georges), Former Minister, former Deputy at the Lebanese Parliament. Born in 1948 in Zahlé. Son of Georges Hraoui (ex-Politician) and Mrs. Najla Hraoui. Married in 1977 in Zahlé to Nada Abou Taan, 4 children, 3 daughters and one son: Georges (1978), Najla 170

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(1979), Maria (1983), Martha (1991). Educ.: Institut Moderne Notre-Dame de Jamhour, Université St. Joseph. Dipl.: Diploma of Law from St. Joseph University. Career: Real Estates over 10 Years; Deputy at the Lebanese Parliament (1992 reelected in 1996); reelected Deputy of Zahlé (2000-2005); Deputy-Chairman of the Commission of Finance, since 1992. President of the Commission of Finance and the Budget between 1992 and 2000; Minister of the National Defence (2000-2003); Appointed Minister of State (2003-2004). Sports: Hunting, riding, walking. Hobby: Reading. Credit Card: Master Card. Priv. Addr.: Baabda, Brazilia, Pierre Helou Str., Tel.: 01/424163-4, Lebanon.

HUSSAMI (Sami, Jamil), Medical physician, cardiologist. Born in 1919 in Beirut. Son of Jamil Hussami (Lawyer) and Mrs. Najla Hussami. Married in 1954 in Beirut to Miss Youmna Ghazzaoui, four children: May (1956), Najla (1957), Rolla (1959), Talal (1964). Educ.: Collège des Frères: Faculté Française de Medecine. Dipl.: Medical Doctor (1945), specialisation in Cardiology in Paris (1953). Career: Chief of the Cardiac Department in Barbir Medical Center, President of the Lebanese Society of Cardiology, Fellow American College of Cardiology (FACC), Fellow International College of Anf. Int. Coll. of Angiology (FICA), Fellow American Heart Association (FAHA). Decor.: Golden Lebanese Medal (1952), Officer Cedar Medal (1959). Sports: Basketball, volleyball, tennis, swimming. Hobbies: Reading medical books and reviews. Member: Lions Club (past Governor of Lions); member of board of Islamic Orphanage. Prof. Addr.: Barbir Metrical Center, P.O.Box 11-4302, Private clinic, Tel.: 01-630652, Beirut, Priv. Addr.: Fouad 1st Str., King Bldg., Tel.: 01633127, Beirut, Lebanon.

HRAOUI (Mouna), First Lady of Lebanon (Oct. 1989Oct. 1998). Born at Baalbeck, Lebanon on Aug. 3, 1938. Married in 1961, 2 children: Zaifa and Roland. Profession: Teacher of the English Language (1961); Chairman of the Lebanese Permanent Committee for Coordination (1991-98); Chairman of the Chronic Care Center (1994- current). Languages: Arabic, English and French. Hobbies: Classical music, reading, jogging. Activities: Member of local humanitarian associations since 1965; Founder and President of: The Lebanese Permanent Committee of Coordination (L.P.C.C.), for Medical, Social Assistance and Scholarship (1991-98); The Chronic Care Center, a specialized institution for the treatment and follow-up of childhood chronic diseases: Thalassaemia and insulin dependent diabetes (1994current); Honorary President of: The Lebanese Red Cross Association (1990-98); The Lebanese Family Association (1990-98); The Lebanese Charity Association (1990-98); Honorary Member of the Thalassaemia International Federation (1994-current) and Board Member (2001-05); President of the National Committee for the preparation of the 4th World Conference on Women, Beijing 95; President of the Lebanese National Commission for Women (199698); President of the Lebanese Heritage Foundation (1996current). Awards: The Distinguished Golden Award of Daniel Bliss from the Alumni Association of the American University of Beirut (1993); "IYF Patron Award", for exemplary support to the United Nations Program on the International Year of Family (1994); "XXIXth Middle East Medical Assembly Award", in Appreciation of Her Distinguished Support (1994); "The Hope Worldwide Award", in Recognition of "Helping the Needy" in Lebanon (1995); "XXXth Middle East Medical Assembly Award", in Recognition of the Distinguished Support of Her Excellency (1995); "International Award for the Development of Permanent Child Health and Welfare Services" (N.Y. 1996); "Honorary Doctorate Degree in Human Letters", Schiller International University (1998). Prof. Addr.: Chronic Care Center, Tel.: +961-05-455101, Fax: 05-455103, P.O.Box 213, Hazmieh, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Yarze, Villa Hraoui, Tel.: 05-925925, Lebanon.

HUSSEINI (Abdellatif), Magistrate. Born in Lebanon. Married to Mrs. Fatima Nassar, 2 children: Diala andNaël. Educ.: Joined the Judicial Studies Institute (1973); Doctorate of State. Career: Counsellor at the Appeal Court, Beirut (1981-90); Examining Magistrate of Beirut (1990); President, Penal Appeal Court in Mount Lebanon (1993-97); Examining Magistrate of Beirut (1997-2000); First President of Appeal Court in North Lebanon (2000-). Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, Lebanese University. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Justice, Tripoli, North Lebanon. HUSSEINI (Hachem Hussein, Ali), Member of the Management Counsel Institute. Born in 1943. Married. Educ.: Licence, Lebanese University; Master from Paris 8, (France); Doctorate 3rd Symposium, Paris 8; Doctorate of State, Paris 8. Career: Doctor in Social Psychology, Social & Development Research Management; Training Management; Lecturer in Social Psychology, Lebanese University; Presently, Lecturer, Higher Studies in the Faculty of Information & Documentation & Lecturer at UNESCO. Languages: Arabic, French & English. Prof. Addr.: Management Counsel Institute, Beirut, Lebanon. HUSSEIN (Moustapha), Member of Parliament. Born on March 10, 1952 in Telbira, Akkar. Married to Intissar El-Hajj, 9 children: Ali, Hassan, Mohamed, Khodr, Ibrahim, Abir, Malak, Waad and Safaa. Career: Former Member of the Board of Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of North Lebanon (1992-96); Contractor in Saudi Arabia (1997-98); Member of the Board of Port of Tripoli (1997-2005); Founder / Member of Akkar Commerce Association; Elected Deputy of Akkar (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. 171

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operations; Involvement in the planning and management of a regional food program (preferably in the board of several companies and associations in Lebanon and abroad. Awards: The 8th International Food Award/Dusseldrof-Germany (14/10/1985); Conferie de Ceres, Amoureux de la nature - France (7/11/1986); Minister of Agriculture Award at the Agriculture Exhibitions, Bekaa, Lebanon (1/5/1991). Sports: Squash, yoga, and walking. Hobbies: Lebanese Architecture, Middle Eastern Antiquities, And Modern Arts. Member: WFA, AFEI, IFI, IAA, HE, AMA/I LAHR, ASOC, MESA. Prof. Addr.: Conserves Modernes Chtaura S.A.L., P.O.Box 66 Chtaura, Lebanon, Website: www.chtaura.com, Tel.: +961-8-540082, 544780, E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +961-01-350378, 348542. Priv. Addr.: Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-1580 Beirut, Tel.: +961-1-340479, Lebanon.

I IBRAHIM (Emilie, Farès), Writer, polemist. Born in 1914 in New York, U.S.A. Daughter of Philippe Fares and Mrs., née Rose Acqueti. Married on 26 Aug. 1931 to Samuel Ibrahim, 3 children: Chawki, Samir and Atef. Educ.: St. Joseph of the Apparition College of Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate). Career: Translator in the Tobacco and Tombacs State Corporation (1953-65), head of the Department of Social Affairs and Public Relations at TTSC (since 1965). Pubi.: Author of a number of books including "Comment poser Ie problème de la Femme", "Soupir de mon Pays", "Femmes de Lettres Libanaises", "Activités Féminines au Liban", "Jeunesse, gare a l'Humanisme" (an-Nahar publications), "Nostalgie de mon pays à la Isia Margarita", translation of "Le Robinson Suisse", several lectures at the Italian Cultural Institute, at Cénacle Libanais, and broadcasts. Awards: Gold medal, Lebanese Order of Merit; Grand Humanitarian Prize (France); Officer, artistic and cultural Merit (France); Commdr., artistic and cultural Merit of France; Commdr., of Merit for her Arabic language literary work (France). Dist.: Laureate "Gens de Lettres" for her book "Soupir de mon Pays", first Prize "Gens de Lettres" of Lebanon. Member/Secretary: Société des Amis du Livre, Club du Roman, President National Women Council, Middle East Regional Counsellor International Council of Women for Arts and Letters. Sport: Physical culture. Hobby: Writing. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Karm elZaitoun, Succar Bldg., 2nd. floor, Descente Galerie Boulos, Tel.: 01-324165, Beirut, Lebanon.

IDRISS (Souheil), Academic. Born in Lebanon. Married in 1956 to Miss Aida Moutraji (sub-editor "alAdâb"). Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: Doctorate (literature). Career: Head of Union of Lebanese Writers, Editor-in-Chief of "al-Adâab literary magazine", proprietor of "Dar al-Adâab publishing house", teacher of translation and literary criticism at the Lebanese University (1953) and the Arab University of Beirut (195464). Pubi.: Author of 6 books of short stories and 3 novels including "Quartier Latin" (Gens de Lettres Prize), "alKhandak al-Ghamik", "Nos doigts qui brûlent" and his mémoires "Zikrayat al-adab wa al-hob". Author of the French Arabic Dictionary "al-Manhal". Dist.: Amis du Livre Prize awarded to his last book. Prof. Addr.: Sakiet el-Janzir, Beyhum Bldg., 3rd floor, P.O.Box 11-4123, Tel.: 01-861633, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ain el-Tineh, Fallaha Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-803777/8, Beirut, Lebanon. INGEA (René, Antoine), Pharmacist-chemist, industrialist. Born on 23 Nov. 1933 in Beirut. Son of Antoine Ingea (merchant) and Mrs., née Leontine Khayat. Married on 23 June 1963 to Miss Jacqueline Khoury, 3 children: Paul, Carole and Jean-Marc. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, French Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the said University. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate), B.Sc. (pharmacy). Career: Proprietor-Director of "Eicir" factories (production of Venitian blinds, made of wood, fabrics, plastics; woodwork, furniture). Member: Manufacturers Association. Sports: Swimming, ski and tennis. Prof. Addr.: Showrooms, Michel Chiha Str., Kantari, Khoury Bldg., P.o.Box 11-2901, Tel.: 01-202409, 737074, Beirut and Factories at Mekalles, Tel.: 01-281500, 281792/3/4, 601090, Fax: 01-601091, Beirut suburb. Priv. Addr.: St. Nicolas Str., Sehnaoui Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01217443, Beirut, Lebanon.

IDRISS (Atef), Food scientist, technologist, industrialist. Born on Feb. 28, 1954 in Lebanon. Son of Wafic Idriss (cheese Merchant/entrepreneur) and Mrs. Awatef née Sinno. Educ.: International College, Beirut (1958-72); American University of Beirut (1972-74); University of California - Davis/USA (1975-77). Dipl.: B.Sc. in Food Science Career: Technical Services, Trivalley Growers, Ca/USA. (July 1977-Feb. 1978); Conserves Modernes Chtaura S.A.L., Beirut (Feb. 1978-to date); President of Syndicate of Food Processors, President of Work Interests: Managing multimarket food industrial

ISHAK (Samir, Adib), Director of companies, former deputy. Born in 1938 at Sidon. Son of Adib Ishak and

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Mrs., née Salwa Ishak. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. from the said University. Career: Director, general manager of the Middle East Supply Company, Board member of Amlevco (tourist agency), elected deputy for Beirut on 25 Mar. 1968. Prof. Addr.: Amlevco, Hamra Str., Cinema Hamra, Bldg., rez-dechaussée, P.O.Box 1429, Tel.: 01-345745, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sadat Str., Gerda Bldg., Tel.: 01-348888, Beirut, Lebanon.

Banker. Born on Jan. 31, 1961 in Lebanon. Married to Tania Rabbath, 2 children: Alexandre (18.10.1994), Andrea (21.04.1997). Educ.: INSEAD - Fontainebleau, France, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, College des Frères. Dipl.: MBA, 1986 (INSEAD); B.E. - Civil Engineering 1983 (AUB). Career: (1987-92): MerrylLynch, Paris, Financial Consultant; 1993-98 Mediterranee Investment Bank, Deputy-General Manager; Since Jan. 1999- Saradar Investment House, Chairman-General Manager. Sports: Ski, squash. Hobbies: Reading, cinema. Clubs: RDCL. Credit Cards: Visa, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Saradar Investment House SAL, 812 Tabaris Bldg., Charles Malek Ave., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-338588/688, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: 270, Selim Bustrous Str., Ashrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon, E-mail: [email protected].

ISKANDAR (Adnan, Georges), Academic. Born in 1930 in Beirut. Son of Georges Iskandar (barrister) and Mrs., née Wahibe Najjar. Married, 2 children: Mazen and Ziad. Educ.: American University of Beirut, American University of Washington, D.C. Dipl.: B.A., M.A. from AUB and Ph.D. from the American University of Washington D.C., U.S.A. Career: Professor of Public Administration at AUB (since 1956), now Chairman of the Department of Political Studies and Public Administration at AUB; presently Vice-President for University Relations, A.U.B. Pubi.: Author of "Bureaucracy in Lebanon" (1964), and a number of articles on public administration. Former President Lebanese Association of Political Science (1966-68), American Association of Political Science. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, Office of the Vice-president for University Relations, Bliss Str., Tel.: 01-350000, 865250, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Maamari Str., Jannawi Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-350489, Beirut, Lebanon.

ISSA (Emile, Elias), Former bank manager, director of companies. Born in 11 Oct. 1927 in Bsous. Son of Elias Issa (contractor) and Mrs., née Marie Sader. Married to Miss Samia Massoud. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers of Beirut, French Faculty of Law. Dipl.: B.Com., B.Sc. (Econ). Career: Former deputy general manager Sabbag Bank S.A.L., chairman and general manager "CEGOS Moyen-Orient S.A.L."; société Arabo Pacifique d'Affaires (Holding); Yarze Investments S.A.L.; société Immobilière de Yarze S.A.L. Sports: Swimming, tennis and shooting. Prof. Addr.: B.M.C M.E., Arts & Metiers Str., Sanayeh, New Jureidini Bldg., P.O.Box 7896, Tel.: 01-746650/1, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Brazilia, Villa Issa, Baabda, Tel.: 05-452426, Lebanon.

ISMAIL (Adel), Former Diplomat. Born on Jan. 18, 1928 atDulhoun (Lebanon). Educ.: Law Faculty of Lyon, University of Paris (Sorbonne). Dipl.: Doctorate (Lit.) from Sorbonne, LL.B. (faculty of Lyon); Diploma of Higher History Studies (Sorbonne). Career: Education inspector Ministry of Educations; deputy professor Higher Education; deputy director general Ministry of Education (1956-59); counsellor Lebanese Embassy in Madrid (1960-63), in Rome (1963-64); Lebanese Consul General in Milano (1964-67), in Sudan and in Ethiopia, (Feb. 196769), in Saudi Arabia (1969-71); Director of Political Affairs at the Central Administration (1971-78); former Ambassador to Morocco (1978-85); Lebanese permanent Representative at the UNESCO, (1985-90). Pubi.: Author of 76 books "Documents diplomatiques et consulates"... 45 Vol., "Histoire du Liban du 17eme siècle a nos jours" in 2 volumes, "Le Liban - histoire d'un peuple". Awards: Knight, National Order of Cedar, and several other foreign decorations; Commdr., National Order of Cedars (1989). Dist.: Laureate, French Academy (1965); Richelieu Medal, French Academy; Grand-Prix France-Liban, Association des Ecrivains de Langue Française (1981); Grand Prix de l'Académie Française 1989. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

ISSA (Raymond, Elias), Engineer, architect. Porn in 1934 in Beirut. Son of Elias Issa (contractor) and Mrs., née Marie Sader. Married on 31 Dec. 1960 in Italy to Miss Rita Milanese, 3 children: Enrico, Gian-Paolo and Paola. Educ.: Beirut Higher Engineering School. Career: Joined Gio-Ponti of Milan and Luccichenti and Monaco (Rome), practice in Beirut since 1959. Act.: Coral Beach Hotel of Beirut, established the layout of Lebanese coastline in cooperation with the Italian Techint, in charge of the East Zone of Place des Canons, in charge of a 5000-bed hotel project in Sardigna and of a 250-bed hotel project for "Société Générale d'Entreprises Touristiques Lebanon". Sports: Table tennis, tennis and swimming. Hobby: Painting. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Damascus Str., Mallat Center, Tel.: 05452215, Fax: 05-459042, Beirut suburb, Lebanon. ISSAL-KHOURY (Gabriel), Medical Doctor (Specialist in Family Medicine). Born on Dec. 25,1955 in Beirut. Son of Emile Issal-Khoury (Engineer) and Mrs., née Nelly Kettaneh. Married on Sept. 18,1982 at Broummana to Nadine Abouchar, 2 girls: Manal, Lynn. Educ.: School: Jesuit College, Jamhour; St. Joseph

ISSA EL KHOURY (Joe, Wadih), Investment 173

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Samia Itani. Married in Beirut to Hilda Rifka, 2 children: Rima (15/2/1980) & Faisal (13/2/1983). Educ.: a) International College, b) University of Manchester, c) Kings College-London University, d) INSEAD. Dipl.: B.Sc., Mechanical Engineering; M.Sc., Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Advanced Management Program. Career: a) 1978-1980: UDEC Refrigeration Ltd. - Design and Commission Engineer, England; b) 1981: American University of Beirut-Instructor; c) 1981-1991: Saudi Oger Ltd. - Assistant Operation Manager; d) 1991-1993: OGER LIBAN- Adjoint General Director; e) 1993-1997: Electricité du Liban-General Director; f) 1997-1999: Port of Beirut- President General Director; g) 2000-2005: Arab United Press s.a.l.- "Al-Mustaqbal" Newspaper - CoGeneral Director; H) 2002-2006: Saudi Oger Ltd.- Senior Advisor For Industry; I) 2006- Present: Light Metal Products s.a.l.- Chairman-General Manager. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Reading in Physics, Politics and History. Member of Lebanese Order of Engineers, Chartered Engineer England, Member of CIBSE England, Member of ASHRAE USA. Credit Cards: American Express, Master Card. Priv. Addr.: P.O.Box 113/5920, Tel.: 01-369145, Lebanon.

University; American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Doctor in Medicine - Specialist in Family Medicine. Career: Private Clinic in Broummana, Admitting Privileges in: Rizk Hospital (Ashrafieh), Bhannes Hospital (Metn). Sports: Cycling, walking. Hobbies: Movies, reading. Associations: American Academy of Family Physician (U.S.A.). Credit Card: Visa Card. Addr.: Broummana, Main Road, Issal-Khoury Bldg. (near Banque Saradar), Tel.: 04-960218, 03-243003, Lebanon. ISSAL-KHOURY (Joe), Lawyer, lecturer. Born on 19 Dec. 1937 in Beirut. Son of Farid Issal-Khouiy (M.D.) and Mrs., née Alexandra De Freige. Married on 17 Apr. 1970 to Miss Mona Salame, 2 children: Farid and Mar-wan. Educ.: Faculty of Law, St. Joseph University. Dipl.: L.L.B. (Private and Compared Laws). Career: Lawyer (since 1964); journalist, leader writer, "L'Orient" (1964-66); Lecturer in law; Honorary General Consul of Nepal. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: Badaro Str., Comair Bldg., 8th floor, (near C.N.S.S.), Tel/Fax: 01-396002, 386690/91, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Abdel-Wahab Inglizi Str., P.O.Box2178, Tel.: 01-216816, Beirut, Lebanon. ISSAL-KHOURY (Kabalan, Chibl), Landowner, former deputy and former Minister. Born in 1918 at Bechareh (Lebanon). Son of Chibi Issal-Khoury (former deputy) and Mrs., née Marie Arida. Married in 1949 to Miss Therese Kairouz, 2 children: Marie-Noelle and Chibi (deceased in 1975). Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Law Faculty). Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Landowner, elected deputy for Bechareh, Zghorta, Koura, Batroun (1951), re-elected deputy for Bechareh (1957, 1964, 1968, 1992, and 1996-2005); Minister of State (1995-Oct. 15,1996). Act.: Attended the Interparliamentary Union meetings in Copenhagen, Belgium, Warsaw, etc., spoke on peace and disarmament. Awards: Grand officer, Imperial Order of Iran; Lebanese Order of Merit (2001); other Greek and Russian decorations. Priv. Addr.: Mtaileb, Tel.: 04-403838, Lebanon.

IZMIRLIAN (Nazareth Α.), Civil Engineer, registered to the "Ordre des Ingenieurs & Architectes de Beyrouth". Born in 1949 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Abraham and Khanem (both deceased). Married in 1972 in Beirut to Mariette Haladjian, 3 children: Son, Didier (1974); Daughters, Caroline-Cecile (1978) and Krystel (1983). Educ.: Elementary, Secondary & High schools at "Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes, Notre-Dame (Furn elChebback) and Collège du Sacré-Cœur (Gemmayzeh)". Universities: "Université St. Joseph (USJ), Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB)", Diploma of Civil Engineer, major Public Works. "Université Claude Bernard - Lyon - Centre d'Etudes Mathématiques (CEM), Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies (DEA)" in Soil Mechanics in 1976. Career: Contracting in UAE, KSA & Qatar (1976-84); Free Lancer in Construction & Industry Management in Lebanon (1984-89); Contracting in Africa (Egypt, Kenya & Nigeria) (1990-92); Appointed Director to the Board of the Executive Council of the Major Projects (CEGP) (1993-99); Acting President of the CEGP (2000-01); Moderator & coordinator of the Lebanese Standards for Libnor (1995-2001). At present, Contract & Management Engineer in Qatar. Sports: Jogging & mountaineering, swimming. Hobbies: Fishing, wine tasting, classical music, traveling. Clubs: Various, depending on country of residence. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 22581, Doha, E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +974-4424101, Fax: +974-4424045, Mobile +9745355343, Qatar. Priv. Addr.: Zone 1, Str. No. 70, Villa No. 145, Mezher, North Metn, Tel.: +961-4-713303, 3-636614, Fax: +961-4-714303, Lebanon.

ITANI (Bahaeddine), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1941 in Beirut. Married to Samar Chehab, 3 children. Educ.: B.S. in Political Sciences and Management, American University of Beirut. Career: Founder and Member of the Board "Dar an-Nadwa"; Member of the Board of Trustees of the Islamic Cultural Center; President of the Arab Scout Association in Lebanon; Elected Deputy (1996-2000). Addr.: Raouché, Iskandar Azar Str., Itani Bldg., 3rd floor, P.O.Box 13-5652, Tel.: 01-808206, Beirut, Lebanon. ITANI (Mouhib), Former President-General Director Port of Beirut and former General Director of Electricité Du Liban. Born on May 27, 1954 in Beirut. Son of Hachem Itani (owner of cinemas and restaurants) and Mrs.

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International Coordinating Council of the Life Science International Higher Educational School (LSIHES), in Yerevan, Armenia (since 1997); founding member and President (1999-2002) of the Lebanese Pain Society and the Lebanese Chapter of the IASP (since 1999); Associate Editor of the IASP journal PAIN (since 2005). Special Honors: Basic Medical Sciences 1994 Award from the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) "for fundamental research on projections of and interactions between the central somatic sensory pathways and for the discovery of a spinal-brainstem-spinal loop involved in the modulation of pain" (received from the President of Nigeria in Abuga, Sept. 1995); The National Cedar MedalCavalier Class: Lebanese Presidential decree No. 7798 "in recognition of academic and for scientific contributions to the field of medicline", (received from the Lebanese Minister of Public Health, May 1996); Debs Prize for excellence "for best achievement in the field of science in Lebanon" (received from the Lebanese Prime Minister on behalf of the Abdul Hadi Debs Welfare Foundation, Dec. 1996); Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences (received from the President of TWAS in Rio de Janeiro (Sept. 1997); Honorary Member of IASP in acknowledgment for "outstanding contributions in the fields of pain research"and "contributions to the activities of the Association over the years"(received from the President of IASP in Sydney, Australia, August 2005). Sports: Swimming, walking and bridge. Prov. Addr.: Dept. of Physiology, American University of Beirut, Tel.: 01-340460, 350000 ext: 4814/5. Priv. Addr.: Jabbur Bldg., 4th floor, Abdel 'Al Str., Ras Beirut, Tel.: 01744039, 350537; also The Heights Bldg., Apt. D-7, Roumieh, next to Broummana High School, Tel.: 04860005, 03-466241, Lebanon.

J JABBUR (Suhayl, J.), Neuroscientist and Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut. Son of the late Dr. Jibrail S. Jabbur (renowned Arab scholar and historian and former Professor of Arabic Literature, AUB) and late Mrs., née Asma A. Jabbur. Born in Beirut on June 17,1931. Married in New York (USA) on Mar. 16,1957 to Ms. Amai Ν. Kanaan (Graduate nurse), 3 children: Lamya (computer company manager), Mona (fine artist) and Nada (ophthamologist). Educ.: American University of Beirut: School of Arts & Sciences (1948-52) and School of Medicine (1952-56); Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (New York, USA, 1956-57); University of Washington School of Medicine (Seattle, USA. 1957-60), Dipl.: B.A. (AUB, 1952); M.D. (AUB, 1956); Ph.D. in Physiology and Biophysics (University of Washington, 1960). Career: Since 1960, has been responsible for teaching neurophysiology to medical, graduate and undergraduate students and for initiating an Inferfaculty Neuroscience Graduate Research Program at AUB. Works: About 216 bibliographic citations in American and European journals and books in neuroscience including about half as original publications in refereed journals or chapters in books and the other half as abstracts from presentations at international conferences on the subject of somatic sensory-motor integration in the brain and the neural mechanisms of pain; also edited the last 3 books of Jibrail S. Jabbur, including The Bedouins and the Desert: Aspects of Nomadic Life in the Arab East (published in Arabic, 1988 and translated into english and published by the State University of New York Press, 1995). Member: American Association for the Advancement of Science (since 1959); Sigma XI (Science honor of America) (since 1960); International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) (Since 1962) and Central Council of IBRO (1974-77); founding member of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) (since 1975); Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA, Honor Medical Society of America) (since 1985); founding member of the Lebanese Association for the Advancement of Science (LAAS) (since 1968);

JABER (Assem, Salman), Diplomat. Born in 1946 in al-Bennay (Lebanon). Son of Salman Jaber (journalist) and Mrs. Moheba née Wehbé. Married Divorced, remarried to Majida née Wehbé, 2 children: one daughter, Reem (1972); oiie son, Wael (1974). Educ.: Aley University College; Ali Ben Abi Taleb al-Makassed School; Lebanese University - Faculty of Law; National Institute of Administration. Dipl.: B.A. in Law; M.A. in Public Law; M.A. in Private Law; Ph.D. in Public International Law; Diploma from the National Institute for Administration and Development, Lebanon. Career: High School Teacher in Aley's Cedar School (1966-70); Head of the Legal Department, Ministry of Planning (1971); Consul of Lebanon in Jeddah (1972-77); Chargé d'Affaires to Havana (1977-79); Research Centre, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut (1979-81); Chargé d'Affaires in Conakry (1981-82); Ambassador of Lebanon to Ghana (1983-87); Director of Protocol, Ministiy of Foreign Affairs, Beirut (1987-90); Ambassador of Lebanon to Canada (1990-2000); Director of Administration and Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 175

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Beirut (2000-03); Ambassador to Russia (2003-to date). Pubi.: Lecturer at the Lebanese University, published various articles, Book: "Counsular and Diplomatic function in Law and Practice", Beirut (1986). Sports: Walking. Hobby: Reading. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Tel.: 01-200464, Beirut, Lebanon, Priv. Addr.: P.O.Box 113-5280 al-Hamra, Beirut, Lebanon.

Former President of AUB Alumni Association (UK) (1992-1995); Vice President of Entrepreneurial Training Foundation; Honorable Board Member of American Alumni Association of Lebanon; Member of Board of Trustees of American Community School - Beirut. Prof. Addr.: P.O.B. 14-6477 Beirut - Lebanon. JABRE (Faruk), Businessman. Born in 1935 in Beirut. Married three children. Educ.: American University of Beirut; Columbia University, New York. Dipl.: French Baccalaureate, first and second part (Experimental Sciences); B.A. in Economics, MBA, Graduate School of Business. Career: General Manager, Hussein Aoueini and Company, Saudi Arabia (1958-64); Managing Director, the Spinning and Weaving Industrial Company, Beirut; member of the Board of Directors Arab Bank Limited, Amman, Jordan; Commercial Building Company SAL, Beirut; Arabia Insurance Company SAL, Beirut; Cementation Saudi Arabia Limited, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Honorary Consul General of Oman In Lebanon (1971-74). Member of Trustees of the American University of Beirut (2003). Medals: Star of Jordan; Oman Medal. Sports: Tennis, table tennis, swimming. Hobby: Billiards. Addr.: Verdun/Aïn Tineh, Sakhra Bldg., 5th floor, P.O.B. 384, Tel.: 01-804320, 804318, Beirut, Lebanon.

JABER (Imad), former Deputy. Born in Nabatieh, 1934. Married to Miss Ghala Alt Ahmad, 4 children: One son and 3 daughters. Dipl.: M.A. (Agricultural Engineering), U.S.A. Career: Agronomist; two years at the Ministry of Planning; and 25 years in the Régie (Co. Interressé de Tabac et Tombac); Elected Deputy of Nabatieh (1992-96); President of the Parliamentary Commission of Labour and Member of the Commission, for Agriculture. Hobby: Fishing. Addr.: Raouche, Australia Str., Jaber Bldg., 4th floor (near Wazzan Car), Tel.: 01-800100, 800666, Beirut, Lebanon. JABER (Yassine, Kamel), Former Minister, Deputy. Born in 1951 in Nabatieh, South Lebanon. Married to Miss Wafaa Mohamed née Al Ali, 4 children: Kamel, Sara, Tamara, Naêl. Educ.: International College (until 1970), American University of Beirut (1973). Dipl.: B.A. in Economics and Business Administration. While in AUB served as a member of student council and President of Business Students Association. Career: Businessman with interests in both Lebanon and U. K.; Former Minister of Economy and Trade (1995-98); Former Minister of Public Works and Transport(2004-05); Member of Parliament of the South (Nabatieh) (1996 to date);Member of Parliamentary Committee for Finance and Committee for Foreign Affairs ; President of Parliamentary Committee for the Lebanese-Japanese Friendship; President of Parliamentary Committee for the Lebanese-British Friendship; Member of Parliamentary Committee for the Lebanese-French Friendship; Head of the Committee for Economic, Financial, Social and Education Affairs in the Euro-Med Parliamentary Assembly representing the Lebanese Parliament; Head of the Lebanese Branch following the Arab Common Market within the Arab Parliamentary Assembly; Member of the Board of BritishLebanese Friendship Association (London); Former Board Member of Casino du Liban S.A.L.; Former Member of Steering Committee for Beirut Stock Exchange; Member of the Consultative Committee of the Arab Community in Britain; Member of Board of Middle East Capital Group (MECG) Investment Bank; Member of Trustees of Islamic Association for Higher Education and Scientific Guidance; Founder and President of Kamel Jaber Cultural and Social Center in Nabatieh-South Lebanon; President of Association for supporting Public schools in Nabatieh Region; Honorary President of Al-Ahli Football Club Nabatieh; Chairman of Center Basketball Club - Nabatieh;

JABRE (François), Industrialist, Director of Companies. Born on Nov. 10,1922 in Marseilles (France). Son of Michel Jabre (Industrialist) and Mrs., née Julia Noujaim. Married on Apr. 20,1950 in Harissa to Miss Souad Noujaim, 3 children: Julia, Caria, Anne. Educ.: Ecole Lacordaire Marseilles (France), Université St. Joseph (Beirut). Dipl.: L.L.B. (Université St. Joseph, Beirut). Career: Chairman of Almaza Brewery SAL, Consul General of Iceland. Awards: Knight of the Order of the Falcon, Iceland. Clubs and Associations: Rotary Club, Beirut; La Marina J.K. Prof. Addr.: Almaza Brewery, Tel.: 01-883300, 890200, Jdeidet el-Metn, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Fanar, Villa "Les Horizons", Tel.: 01-682222/3/4, E-mail: [email protected], Metn, Lebanon. JABRE (Gabriel, N.), Companies director. Born on 29 Mar. 1933 at Beirut. Son of Najib Jabre (industrialist Almaza brewery founder) and Mrs., born Maria Assaad Toubia, both from Beit-Chabab. Married in 1953 at Lausanne to Miss Irène Lehr, 3 children: Ray, Carole and Najib. Educ.: University St. Joseph, Beirut; Lausanne University and Ecole des Lettres, Beirut - History graduate and HEC graduate. Career: Founder of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) industries "Agipgas" in Lebanon 1956 and "Persigas" in Iran in 1959; former Chairman General Manager of Gaz-Orient sal, Nijabre sal, Minigaz sal, Aquarius sal, Persian Gas Distribution Company (Persigas) - Iran, Ardel Home Industries Ltd. - Iran, Perse

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Dipl.: BA (Political Sciences and Economy) St. Joseph University of Beirut (1949);BA in Arabic Literature (1948):BA in Philosophy (1952): Doctorate of State from Paris University, France (1957). Career: Cultural activities: Participated in seminars of "Lebanese Friendship" headed by Charles Corm ; Founder-merftber of "Pen-Club" (1951); founded with Dr Constantin Zreik "Friends of the book"; Member of "North Metn Cultural Council", Member of "Association of political sciences". Member of "International PEN Club" (1958) then President in Lebanon (1978-to date); Member of the "Cultural exchange Association" between Lebanon and Italy. Arab Cultural Press: Contributed to "Al Makshouf', Editor of "Al-Hikmat" review (1960); Cultural editor in chief of "Al-Jaridah" (1967-85); published several articles in "Al Adib", "majalla", "Nahar", "AlHadith", "Al-Ahram", "Al-Amal". Political Press: Reporter"Al Hoda", New York Journal (1949-51). French Press: Contributed to cultural page in L'Orient (19551972); Founder of "La vie telle quelle"; Contributed to "La Revue du Liban" "Action"; Reporter "Preuve" Paris; Wrote for "Orient" Paris and "Les nouvelles littéraires" ; assumed the literary page in "As-Safa" and wrote in "Le Reveil". Stations and Televisions: Broadcasted in "Radio Liban" and "Near-East Broadcasting" (1950-74); Assumed a Cultural program at the Tele Liban (1982) Kalimat wa alwan. Awards: Knight, Arts and Letters - France (1964); Officer of Merit Order of the Italian Republic (1965); Honorary member of Sunland Academy (USA); Award for "After the storm" and "May fi hayatiha al modtariba" (1952); Awarded from the Lebanese cultural committee for his book "Al Adab Al loubnani abr al karat wal oussour";Awarded from "Paris Broadcasting" (1962); Represented Lebanon with Fouad Ephrem Boustany, Michel Asmar, Ahmad Makki at the "Conference of Orient Studies" Italy (1964);Participated in several International PEN Club conferences lastly in 1995 in Greece ; Accepted the invitation of the Cultural British Council in London University and Cambridge for Lectures (in french). Pubi: Author of a number of Books on : "Amine Rihani", "May fi hayatiha al mouttaribah", "Gebrane fi siratihi", "Fawzi Maalouf', "Elias Abou Chabkeh Chaer El hobb"; Research & critic: "Al Jahiz", "Al Jahiz wa moujtamaa aasrihi", "Nakd al-bayan wal tabayeen", "Tagore great Indian poet", "Modern American Literature", ""Loubnan fl rawaeh aklamihi", "Lebanese Literature through the continents and ages", "Amine Rihani", "May-woman of letters" and "May-Memoires", Gebran (Thesis)", "Khalil Hawi", "Elia Abou Madi", "Al Manfaloutifi nazarat wa ibarat", "Al manfalouti fi riwayatihi al Maarifah", "Oudaba Fransa Al yaoum'7'Woujoudiyyat Sartre", "al Jahiz ft nawadirihi". Novel: "After the storm", "Worry", "Fever", Research: "Loubnan kama yarah al arab", "Al Arab wal asr", "HIkayat Al Abjadyyah", "Al Tourath as shaabi al loubnani", "Tourathouna al-hadari", "Tourathouna hayawiyyatouna", General literature: Byblos, Jbeil fi at

Cylinder Ltd - Iran, Gaz Gestion Holding in Luxembourg. Awards: Cavaliere del Merito della Repububiica Italiana. Sports: Sailing, ski. Hobby: potery. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 90653 Jdeideh, Tel.: 01-891977. Priv. Addr.: Imm. Aquarius, 1st floor, Pierre Helou Str., Brazilia, Hazmieh, Tel.: 05-457988, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon JABRE (Hala ), Born in Beirut, Lebanon. Daughter of Abdelfattah Mikati (Businessman in Saudi Arabia) and Mrs., née Rafika Kaddoura. Married in 1958 in Beirut to Abdelfattah Jabre(Industries Jabre Company), 4 children: Samar, Cyma, Dalia, Saria. 2 died lately Samar and Saria by car accident. Educ.: Collège Protestant de Jeune Filles, A.S.G.,1 year. Dipl.: Sophomore L.A.U; Public Relation 6 months A.U.B.. Career: 1962, Committee Member Tuberculose Association Welfare-Dahr el-Bashek Hospital, President, Gabriel Trad; 1970, Member "Festival Baalbeck"; Member "Museum Society" (A.U.B.); 1992, President of 9 Blood Banks in Lebanese Red Cross; 1992, Founder and President Inner Wheel Club of Beirut(Rotarian wives); 1992, Vice-President of Alumni Board-Lebanese American University, Member in APSTAD. Decor : 2005, Decorated Florence Nightingale in 06/12/2005 by the International Red Cross-Geneva. Sports: Swimming, basketball, racing. Hobbies: Flowers & Plants Arrangement. Prof. Addr.: Red Cross, Spears Str., Tel.: 01-372802/3/5, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Manara, Bliss Str., Sader Bldg., 9th floor, Tel.: 01-740632, Beirut, Lebanon. JABRE (Jacqueline), Artist painter. Educ.: Fine Arts, American University of Beirut (AUB) (1960-62). Career: in 1965 initiation in the "Techniques of Chinese Art"; She Exhibited at the local daily " L'Orient " in Beirut (1968), Hotel Phoenicia (Beirut, 1972), Kesrouan Cultural Center (Jounieh, 1978), Galleiy Naamman (Jounieh, 1980) and at the Hôtel Beau Rivage (Lausanne, 1982). She also participated at the Selected Artists Exhibition from Lebanon, Organised in 1988 in Washington by Al-Maiyam Galleiy. In 1994 She Exhibited her works at Chahine Gallery in Beirut Her paintings can be found in several countries notably at Lebanese Embassy in China, Mexico, London, Washington, Paris, Miami, San Francisco, Seattle, San Diego, Montreal, Philippines, Gambia, Sidney, Colombia, Equador and Ivory Coast Mentioned in the Benezit(Edition 1999). Mentioned in "Liban lereganides Peintres". Addr.: Beit Chabab, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 86 (Beit Chabab), Tel.: 961^-980675, North Metn, and Zalka Highway, Audi Bldg., Lebanon, Mobile: 961-3-862247. Website: www.jacquelinejabre.com^-mail:[email protected]. JABRE (Jamil, Louis), author. Born in 1924 in Beit Chabab (Metn), Son of Louis Jabre/Achkar and Mrs Rahil Abou Zeid Achkar. Married to Jacqueline Baddour, 2 children: Cesar and Jehane. Educ: Primary at Pères Jésuites, Beit-Chabab (1929-1934): Supplementary and Secondary at Natioanl School, Beit Chabab (1934-1941). 177

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

mail: [email protected], Lebanon. JAD (Tameem, Abdullah), Banker. Born on Jan. 11, 1959 in al-Madeena al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. Son of Abdullah Jad and Mrs. Aaicha al-Sousy. Married in 1981 to Mrs. Fadwa Khattab, 4 children: Hind, Sumayah, Sara, Hiba. Educ.: Completed undergraduate work in Public Administration for Master Degree City University, Los Angeles, U.S.A. 1990; Bachelor Degree in Public Administration, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 1984. Career: Managing Director - al-Baraka Bank Lebanon SAL, Beirut (2003-04); Vice-President of ABG al-Baraka Banking Group - Saudi Arabia (2002); Assistant General Manager - Saudi American Bank (2000-02); Regional Manager for Western Region Branches - United Saudi Commercial Bank (1993-99); Branch Manager - alBank al-Saudi al-Fransi - Jeddah (1992-93), Main Branch Manager - al-Nuzha Branch - Jeddah (1992-98), Head of follow-up department, Western Regional -Jeddah (198788), Branch Manager, Tabouk branch (1985-87), Branch Manager, Medina Main Branch (1985); Dealer in dealing room - Riyadh Bank (1984); Officer, Operations Department back office dealing (1980-84); Assistant Manager - Middle East Company for Shipping (1978). Sports: Scuba diving, swimming. Hobbies: Underwater Photography (special diver). Credit Card: Visa, Mastercard. Prof. Addr.: al-Baraka Bank Lebanon S.A.L., Center Verdun 2000, Rachid Karameh Str., Beirut, P.O.Box 113-5683, Tel.: +961-1-806507, 806496/7/8, Fax: +961-1-806499, Lebanon.

tarikh, "Taraef Al oudabaa'". Manuscripts: "Nemrod's dream (play)", "Ashikat Al zaman", (collected poems), "Youssef Ghoussoub kama houwa", " Majmouatankassassiyatan". French publications: "La pensée sociale dans l'oeuvre de Jahiz, critique de la " Demonstration " de Jahiz "L'éclair et la foudre" Roman, " De la littérature libanaise contemporaine ". Most important books translated into arabic : " Tayaran Al layl, Vol de nuit ", "Al woujoudiyyeh falsafeh insanyyeh, Gustave Flaubert", "Teillard de Chardin fi hakikatihi", "Tahiyeh ilal hozn, Françoise Sagan", "Al Kitab al faransioun al moassiroun", "Baudelaire fi hakikatihi", "Azahir helm, May Ziadeh", "Al Jabal al molham,Charles Corm", "Jean Cocteau fi hakikatihi". Most important lectures in arabic and french: " S août al oudaba' fi annadoua al loubnanyyah" (one year), "Salah Labaki fi shihrihi" (7 years), "Dante wal hobb" at Italian cultural institute, "May Ziadeh" (author in Egypt), "Littérature libanaise contemporaine" in French at Cambridge, "Le Liban et L'Orientalisme" , "Al Taatof al thakafi entre la Suisse et le Liban at Beaurivage Hotel, Lausanne, Swizerland. Addr.:Beit Chabab, P.O.Box: 86 Beit Chabab, Tel: +961 4 980 675, North Metn, Lebanon and Zalka Highway, Audi Bldg 4th floor, Mobile: +961 3 86 22 47, E-mail: [email protected], Website : www.jamiljabre.com. JABRE (Nouhad), Lawyer. Born in 1950 in Antelias, Lebanon. Educ.: Champville School, St. Joseph University, Sagesse University. Career: Lawyer (since 1974); Lawyer of Court of Appeal (since 1977); Elected member of The Bar Association (1994) and Appointed Responsible of Schedule till 1997; Member in the Roll and in the Disciplinary Council (1997); Elected superintendant to the Palace of Justice (1997-99); Elected treasurer (1999). Addr.: Sami Solh Street, Palace of Justice Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

JAFFAL (Imad), Banker & Industrialist. Born on Mar. 11, 1956. Son of Mahmoud Jaffal (Businessman) and Mrs,, née Yusra Safa. Married to Norma Sheaib in 1984, 4 daughters: Eva (1985), Dalia (1987), Sandra (1988), and Zeinab (1991). Dipl.: B.A. in Business Management. Career: Chairman, General Manager of: Jafco Group, Nigeria (since 1977); Jafco Real Estate, Lebanon (since 1986); Inaash Bank, Lebanon (since 1987). Other Information: Investments in Different Industrial Fields: Oil, Chemical, FOAM, P.V.C, and Juice in addition to Investments in Construction and Airways. Awards: Noble Title: Officer of the Order of the Cedars; Awarded by the Lebanese Government in 1987. Sports practised: Squash. Prof. Addr.: Mazraa Str., al-Maskan Bldg., 3rd floor, Beirut, Tel.: +961-1-815355, Fax: +961-1-311908, Lebanon.

JABRE (Raymond, Michel), Industrialist, company director. Born on 13 Feb. 1927 at Marseilles (France). Son of Michel Jabre (industrialist) and Mrs., née Julia Noujaim. Married on 23 Apr. 1955 to Miss Mona Tyan, 3 children: Claude (4.3.59), Philippe (23.5.60) Bernard (3.11.63). Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Institute of Political Studies of Paris University, Institute of Higher International Studies (Paris). Dipl.: Doctorate of Law (Université de Paris), Graduate Institute of Political Studies (Paris), Graduate Institute of higher international studies. Career: General Manager and Vice-Chairman of "Brasserie Almaza, S.A.L.". Pubi.: Author of "Terre Neuve et le Labrador". Clubs and Associations: ATCL, Marina J.K., Rotary Club. Prof. Addr.: Almaza Brewery, P.O.Box 90-240 (Jdeidet elMetn 1202-2020), Tel.: 01-883300, Beirut suburb. Priv. Addr.: Villa Jabre, Fanar, Metn, Tel.: 01-683333/4, E-

JALKH (Rachid), Lawyer. Born in 1948 in Beirut. Son of Michel Jalkh (trader) and Mrs., née Tamineh Nakad. Educ.: La Sagesse School, Beirut, Lebanon; St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Strasbourg University, France. Dipl.: Degree in Lebanese Law (1972), Degree in French Law (1972), Higher Studies in Comparative International Law, Career: Lawyer, Practicing Law at his Office in Badaro. Social Activities: Member of Caritas Lebanon Association; Coordinator of 178

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Caritas Activities in Beirut; Chairman of Caritas Ashrafieh Region; Member of the Board of Maronite Charitable Associations; Secretary of la Sagesse Alumni League; Founding Member of la Sagesse Scientific Assembly; Member of the Administrative Committee of la Sagesse Sports Club; Active Member of S.O.S. Lebanon; Governor of District 351 of the Lions Clubs in Lebanon & Jordan (1992-93); Director of Public Relations at the General Secretariat of the World Cultural Union (1976-83) and Participant in all the League's Conventions held in Lebanon during that period; Founding Member of the Union of Catholic Schools Alumni in Lebanon; Lecturer in Law at Advanced Institutes of Accounting Sciences and Author of Publications related to this field. Awards: Several Lionistic Medals and Decorations. Sports: Tennis, football. Hobby: Music. Member: La Sagesse, Beirut United Lions Club. Credit Card: Visa. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 175 222 Beirut, Tel.: 01-385865. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Hneikati Bldg., Accaoui Area, Tel.: 01-218573, 334592, Beirut, Lebanon.

Card: Visa. Prof. Addr.: Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, P.O.Box 166830 (Ashrafieh), Tel.: 01-615300, 615400, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Baabda, Chahine Centre, Tel.: 05-921750, 923165, Lebanon; Baabdat, Tel.: 04-820901, Lebanon. JAROUDI (Jamil A.K.), Financial Advisor. Born on Feb. 12, 1948 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Abdel Karim Jaroudi, deceased 1967 and Mrs., née Laurice Abou Haidar. Married on Mar. 6, 1982 in Beirut to Salma A. Chebaro, three children: Mayssa (22.08.1983), Abdel Karim (28.08.1984), Lyne (17.04.1988). Educ.: al-Ahliah (Elementary); al-Makassed (Prep. & Sec.); Lebanese University (B.A. Business); Columbia University (NYC for MBA); Northwestern University (Evanston Chicago for Ph.D.). Dipl.: Licence: Lebanese University, 1974 (Finance/Acc.). MBA: Columbia University, 1977 (Finance/Acc.). Ph.D.: Northwestern University, 1981 (Fin./Economics). Career: Lebanese Civil Defence (196774); Booz Allen & Hamilton Int'l (1977-81); al-Mawarid Group (1982-95); Founding Partner of Middle East Capital Group (M.E.C.G.) (1996-99); Present Chairman/-CEO of Trend Finance Co. Awards: Lebanese University Award for Outstanding Performance during B.A. Resulted in full Scholarship for Higher Education; MBA & Ph.D. Sports: Tennis, swimming, walking. Hobbies: Social and Charitable Activities. Associations: Muslim Boy Scout Association/Ajyaluna. Credit Card: American Express. Prof. Addr.: Trend Finance Co., Hamra, Commodore Str., Assaf Bldg., 4th floor, P.O.Box 113-5399, Tel.: +961-1344043, 351438, 348030/1/2, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ain el-Mreisseh, Hassan Idriss Str., Laperla Bldg., 11th floor, Tel.: +961-1-374171, 371569, Beirut, Lebanon.

JALLOUL (Ghinwa), Member of Parliament. Born in 1962 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Mr. Mohamed Jalloul, 3 children: Youssef, Jad and Adnane. Educ.: Khaled Ben Al Walid School, Makassed Association, American University of Beirut(A.U.B.), Technology University, Sidney, Australia. Dipl.: Masters in Mathematics; Doctorate in Computer and Technology Sciences. Career: Teacher of the Technology Sciences for the Foreign Projects Research at American University of Beirut(AUB); Elected Deputy of Beirut III (2000-to date); President of Parliamentary Commission of Technology (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Place de l'Etoile, Beirut, Lebanon.

JAROUDI (Mohamed Abdelkader), Former Minister, former Deputy. Born in 1918 in Beirut, Lebanon. Bachelor. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (1941). Career: Lawyer since 1941; Member of the Islamic Orphanage Institutions; and President of Hospital for the aged; Minister of Industry and Petroleum (Dec. 24, 1990- May 16, 1992) and Member of the Lebanese Parliament (1991-92). Addr.: Verdun, Ain Ti-neh Schubert Str., Sakhra Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-865123, Beirut, Lebanon.

JAMBART (Selim), Physician, Endocrinologist. Born on Aug. 19, 1949, Aleppo, Syria. Son of Michel Jambart and Mrs., née Thérèse Mégarbané. Married in Beirut 1981 to Dina Rabbath, 2 children: Valérie (1983), Stephanie (1985). Educ.: College Notre-Dame de Jamhour; French Faculty of Medicine, Beirut; Université Paris V. Dipl.: Doctor in Medicine, Specialist in Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Master in Sciences (Biochemistry). Career: Internship - Hôtel Dieu de France (1972-74, Beirut); Internship - Hôpital St. Joseph (1974-75, Paris); Hôpital Enfants Malades (197577, Paris); Residency - Hôpital de la Pitié (1977-80, Paris); Vice-Dean, Faculty of Medicine - St. Joseph University; Professor of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine St. Joseph University; Endocrinologist, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital. Other Information: Member of "The Endocrine Society" - U.S.A.; Member of the Council of the Wellfare Association of the Greek Catholic Community. Sports: Crosscountry, skiing, jogging. Hobbies: Bridge, classical music. Member: Yarze Country Club; Fakra Club. Credit

JAROUDI (Saeb, Nadim), Former minister. Born in 1929 in Beirut. Married 2 children. Educ.: French Lycée, American University of Beirut, Columbia University. Dipl.: Doctorate (political science). Career: UNO economic expert, director general Kuwait Development Fund, Minister of Economy and Tourism (1970-72). Priv. Addr.: Ras Beirut, Chouran, Ahram Str., Jal el-Bahr, Sheraton Residence, 9th floor, P.O.Box 13-5154, Tel.: 01360326, Beirut, Lebanon.

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Arabs States", Director General of the "Institut du Monde Arabe" à Paris. Pubi.: Author of "Return" (novel), "Towards a new Lebanon" (political essay), "The New Lebanon" (essay), "Lebanon and the Israeli Challenge". Founder-member: Democratic Party (1969). Sports: Swimming, Hobbies: Poetry and painting. Priv. Addr.: Saint Elie Str. Mossaitbeh, Abdelnour Bldg., P.O.Box 145361, Tel.: 01-303041, Beirut, Lebanon and 10, Route de Dreux, 27710 Saint-Georges MO, Tel.: 33-2-37435484, 37435481, France.

JARRAH (Jamal), Businessman, Member of Parliament. Born in 1956 in Marj (West Bekaa). Married to Afaf Ajami, 3 children. Educ.: Makassed School, Marj Modern School, Evangelic School, Victoria College (Egypt). Dipl.: Business Administration at Lebanese American University (L.A.U.) . Career: Businessman; Elected Deputy for Marj (West Bekaa), Rachaya) (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. JIDEJIAN-NAZARETIAN (Nina), Writer. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Married to Dr. Yervant Jidejian, one daughter. Educ.: American University of Beirut M.A. (1965) (History and Archaeology). Career: Writer and Historian. Pubi.: "Byblos through the Ages" (1968), "Tyre through the Ages" (1969), "Sidon through the Ages" (1971), "Beirut through the Ages" (1973), "Baalbek - Heliopolis, City of the Sun" (1975), "Tripoli through the Ages" (1980), "Byblos, Tyr, Beyrouth, Sidon, Baalbeck - Heliopolis Cité du Soleil" published in their French edition, (1994-98); "Lebanon its Gods, Legends and Myths" (1986), "The Stoiy of Lebanon in Pictures" (1987), "I Love Lebanon"(4 volumes) (1990-93), "L'Archéologie au Liban" (1998), "Histoires et Mythes Illustrées du Liban d'Antan" (1999), "Liban, une Mosaïque de Culture" (Lebanon, a Mosaic of Cultures) (2001), "The Greeks and the Phoenicians in Antiquity" Athens: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Hellenic Republic; Preface by Mr. Constantinos Stephanopoulos, President of the Hellenic Republic and General Emile Lahoud, President of the Lebanese Republic, published on the occasion of the state visit to Lebanon of President Stephanopoulos Jan. 21-23,2004, "Byblos à travers les Ages" 2nd revised ed. (2004), "Le Monde des Animaux au Liban depuis l'Antiquité""( The World of Animals in Ancient Lebanon) (2005). Founding Member: Baalbeck International Festival since 1956; President, Anjar Festival and Fair in 1971-72, Executive Member of the Committee for the preparation of the Exposition "Liban, L'Autre Rive" in Paris from Oct. 27,1998 to May 2,1999. Awards: Said Aki Prize (1968 and Again in 2000), Knight, National Order of the Cedar (1974), Officer, National Order of the Cedar (1993), Order of Saint Mesrob Machdotz discerned by His Holiness the Catholicos of Cilicia Aram I, Oct. 21,1999, Commander, National Order of the Cedar (2001). Priv. Addr.: Yarzeh, Dr. Jidejian Residence, near Michel Edde Residence, Tel.: 05920698, Lebanon.

JISR (Salem, Muhammad, al-), Writer, journalist, publisher. Born in 1932 at Bikfaya. Son of Muhammad alJisr (former Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies) and Mrs., née Montaha Zein. Married on 16 Dec. 1965 to Miss Najwa Yassine, 2 children: Hazem and Montaha. Educ.: La Sagesse College, College of the Christian Brothers, American University of Beirut, Military School and French Lycée. Career: Publicist; Founder of "Remco" Co. (1962); deputy director in charge of advertising and public relations for Baalbeck International Festival since 1963; journalist; founded in 1964 "al-Hasna"' magazine, associate editor of "Dunia al-Atfal" (children's journal), founded in 1966 "Pioneer" publications. Pubi.: Author of a member of books including "Man Memoirs", "History of Fun", "She and He", "Dictionary of Elections", "Les Casse-Pieds", "Les Mille et une demie nuits", "Opération 5 Juin". Awards: 22 decorations for sports events. Sport: former holder of Arab World "putting the shot" championship (1957), Lebanon's recordman since 1962, competed at the Rome Olympics in 1960. Hobbies: Reading, swimming and shooting. Priv. Addr.: St. Elie Str., Moussaitbeh, Beirut, Lebanon and Paris, France. JISR (Sam ir, El), Lawyer, Deputy, former Minister of Education and Higher Education. Born in 1944 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Adnan el Jisr and Mrs. née Nayaz Naja. Married in 1969 to Miss Salam Abdellatif Kabbara, 3 boys: Adnan, Ghassan and Rami. Educ.: LL.B (1969) from Beirut Arab University. Career: Lawyer at the Appeal Court (1972); Elected Member of the Board of Bar Association in Tripoli (1991) and in 1994, Elected Leader of the Bar; Elected First President of Tripoli Social Movement; Representative and coordinator of "Al Moustaqbal" movement in North Lebanon, a National Political Program launched by Mr. Hariri during his electoral campaign; Member of the Special Committee for modernisation of rental law; Member of the Lebanese Arbitrage Council. Appointed Minister of Justice (200003); Minister of Education and Higher Education(200304), Elected Deputy for Tripoli(2005 to date). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

JISR (Bassem, Muhammad, al-), Barrister, journalist, academic. Born in 1930 in Beirut. Son of Muhammad alJisr (Former Speaker of the House of Parliament). Educ.: La Sagesse College, French Lycée, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Doctorate in Public Law. Career: Journalist, barrister, editor "al-Jarida", (1956), member of Lebanese permanent UNESCO delegation, former director of National Information Agency, lecturer at Lebanese University. Information Councellor at the "League of

JIZZINI (Wafic), Director General of Public Security.

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Born in 1951 in Lebanon. Married to Aída Nassar, 4 Children. Educ.: Military Academy (1973). Career: Artillery Platoon Commander (1976); General of Staff (2003); Director General of Public Security (2005-). Awards: War Medal, Military Honorary Medal. Addr.: Ministry of Defence, Yarzé, Lebanon.

of laws (Ministry of Justice). Hobbies: Poetry and reading. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Prof. Addr.: Sofil Centre, 6th floor, Charles Malek Ave., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01218113/4, Fax: 200761, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. A^dr.: Manasseh Bldg., Brasilia, Hazmieh, Tel.: 05-450105, Lebanon.

JOKHADARIAN (Hagop), Former Minister, former deputy. Born in 1934. Married, 4 Children. Dipl.: LL.B. 1958, St. Joseph University. Career: Lawyer, member in the Educational Committee of the Tashnak Party; Minister of State for Environment (1990-92); Elected Deputy (1992 reelected in 1996-2000). Prof. Addr.: Bourj Hammoud, Tripoli Str., Centre Sardarabad, Tel.: 01-263776, 265976, Fax: 01-268552, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Hôpital Orthodoxe St., Mounawar Bldg., Tel.: 01-449823, 584130, Beirut, Lebanon.

JOUMBLATT (May, Chakib Arslane), Politician. Born in Geneva in 1928. Daughter of the Emir Chakib Arslane (Politician). Wife of Mr. Kamal Joumblatt (thinker, statesman), 1 child: Walid. Educ.: French Lycée of Beirut. Career: Settled in France (1954-63) and since 1965. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Paris (France) and Monkhtarah, Shuf (Lebanon), Verdun Str., Hoda Abdel Rahman Bldg., 1st floor, (near Council of Civil Services), Tel.: 01810300, Beirut, Lebanon.

JOLY (John, Leonard), Company chairman. Born 12 Nov. 1924 in Beirut. Son of Kenneth Henry Joly, O.B.E., and Mrs., née Gertrude Bickmore. Married in 1956 to Hon. Diana Newall, (daughter of Marshal of the RAF Lord Newall), 2 daughters: Susan (died 1974) and Harriet. ReMarried in 1967 to Yvonne Lawrence, one son: DominicJohn. Educ.: Haileybury College and Oriel College, Oxford. Dipl.: M.A., Modem Languages. Career: Royal Navy fighter pilot (1942-47), with Henry Heald and Co., S.A.L. since 1950, Chairman since 1965; Decor: O.B.E. 1973. Member: Oriental Club, London; Rotary Club, Beirut. Sports: Golf. Prof. Addr.: Henry Heald & Co. S.A.L., P.O.Box 64, Tel.: 01-585676/7/8, Fax: 01-585679, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Kafra, Ain Saade, Lebanon.

JOUMBLATT (Sabah, Khaled), Chairman and Director of companies. Born on Apr. 1958 in Bramieh. Son of Khaled Joumblatt (Minister of Finance/Economy) and Mrs. Dala Joumblatt. Educ.: American University San Diego - USA, Frères Maristes - Liban. Dipl.: Masters of International Business Administration, B.S. Civil Engineer. Career: UNCTAD - Restrictive Business Practices, International Trade Division; U.N. Consultant on International Trade Program; Chairman and Director of Beirut United Traders; Chairman and Director of Compagnie 2000. Awards: United States National Dean's List Award, President of Civil Engineering Club Award. Sports: Skiing, hunting, horseback riding. Hobbies: Breeder of pure breed arabian horses, Board member of Lebanese Jockey club of Beirut Race Course. Priv. Addr.: Koreitem, Mazboudi St., Friend's Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 03725007, Fax: 03-818000. Other Residence: Bramieh, Tel.: 07-725000, Saida, Lebanon.

JONES (Rana), Lebanese Businesswoman. Born in 1976 in Lebanon. Career: Beginning her career on the Advertising and the Public Relations. Promoted Manager of Communication of BMW Middle East Group; in 2001, she integrated the Group BMW Middle East in Dubai before being promoted as Manager of the Mini Mark. In 2002 , she trained with success the Mini Mark through the Middle East and in 2004 the BMW series one. Prof.Addr.: BMW Middle East, Dubai, Sheikh Zayed Road, Emirate Tower Office, 18th Floor, Dubai, U.A.E.

JOUMBLATT (Walid, Kamal), Former Minister, member of parliament and president of the progressive socialist party. Born On Aug. 7, 1947 in Beirut. Son of Kamal Joumblatt (Politician) and Mrs., née May Arslan. Married to Miss Jervet Janboulad on 29 June 1981 in Amman, Jordan, 3 children, (divorced), remarried to Noura Charabati. Educ.: I.C., Beirut; American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. (Political Science). Career: President of the Progressive Socialist Party since 1977; Chairman, Ciments de Sibline S.A.L. and director/partner in several companies; Minister of Tourism, Transport and Public Works (30 Apr. 1984); Minister of Public Works in Mr. Hoss Government (Nov. 1989); Minister of State (Dec. 24, 1990-May 1992); Minister of State (May 1992-Oct. 1992); Minister for the Displaced (Oct. 1992-Dec. 1998); Member of the Lebanese Parliament (June 1991-to date). Sport: Hunting. Hobby: Photography. Priv. Addr.: Clemenceau Area, America Str., next to Trad Hospital,

JOREIGE (Ramzi, Khalil), Attorney-at-Law. Born in 1940 in Beirut. Son of Khalil Joreige (former president of the Cassation Court) and Mrs., née Emilie Daou. Married in 1968 in Beirut to Miss Mona Kettaneh. 2 children: Khalil and Lamia. Educ.: College Notre-Dame de Jamhour; St. Joseph University Law Faculty. Dipl.: Licencíate in French Law, Licencíate in Lebanese Law, Diploma of higher studies in public Law. Career: Teaching assistant Law Faculty of St. Joseph University (1963-66); private practice. Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (The Hague), Member of the Committee for modernization

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Tel.: 01-371610,371612, Beirut, Lebanon. Summer Residence: Moukhtara, Tel.: 05-500555, Shuf, Lebanon.

Hall of the Kuwaiti artists Association Kuwait. Member: Member in the Association of the Lebanese artists for drawing and painting in the institute of fine arts since 1965; President of the department of drawing and painting in the institute of the beauty art for 17 years. Other Information: Participated in 14 collective expositions outside Lebanon (1971-2003); Made 25 personal exhibitions in Beirut since (1971). Medals & Decorations: Gold Medallion in paintings and drawings in Biennale Ladkieh, Syria (1997). Sports Practised: Jogging. Hobbies: Cultural activities, Reading. Clubs and Associations: Member in the association of the Lebanese Artists for drawing and painting. Credit Card: Visa.Prof. Addr.: Ras Beirut, Manara, Lababidi Bldg., Tel.: 03/718187, 05/803867, Beirut, Lebanon.

JOUNI (Hassan), Painter. Born in Beirut, 1942. Son of Abdul Kareem JOUNI, Worker and Mrs. Née Fatima Ibrahim. Married to Najah Durgham, Beirut, 1944. 3 children: Hala (1967), May (1971), Ali (1977). Educ.: Secondary school: Amlieh Lebanese Academy of fine Arts (Academy); Foster Academy (Valencia); Royal Academy of fine arts (Spain). Dipl.: Diploma in Fine Arts (Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts & from Fuster Academy); Professor in Fine Arts (Royal academy of fine Arts); Bachelors of Arts- Fine Arts; Diploma in drawing and painting from the Lebanese Academy of fine arts, Beirut (1964); Diploma in drawing and painting from the Foster Academy of fine arts, Valencia, Spain (1965); Grant from the Lebanese University to study abroad in 1966 where he got the title of a professor of drawing and painting from the Royal Higher Academy of fine arts in San Fernando, Madrid, Spain (1970); Degree in history of art from the University of fine arts, the independent University of Madrid (1984). Career: Chairperson - Lebanese University; Faculty of fine Arts; Professor in the Institute of fine Arts - Lebanese University; actually: Professor in the institute of fine arts Lebanese University. Personal Expositions: Hall of Arts and Letters, oil painting, Beirut (1971-72); Hall of the Spanish cultural center, oil painting, Beirut (1973); Galleria Contakest, oil painting, Beirut (1974-75); Hall Rigoletto, drawing and watercolors, Beirut (1978); Spanish cultural center, oil painting, Beirut (1980-81); Smogglers Inn, oil painting, Beirut (1983); Epreuve d'Artiste, oil painting, Beirut (1985); Hall of expertManara, oil painting, Beirut (1986); Hall el Mountada, oil painting, Beirut (1989); Hall Khan Franj, oil painting, Saida (1990); Galleria Ajial, oil painting, Beirut (1991-92); Hall of Houssam Hariri, oil painting, Beirut (1993); Galleria Alwan, oil painting, Beirut (1994-95-96-982001). Collective expositions outside Lebanon : Damascus (1971); Biennale- Kuwait (1972); Biennale Sao Paolo Brazil (1973); Biennale Alexandria Egypt (1974); Biennale Sao Paolo Brazil (1975); Exposition le Petit Palais Paris (1986); Exposition of Galleria Cofa London (1987); Exposition in Washington United States (1990); Exposition in Manheim Germany (1973); Exposition in Dubai (1998-2001); Exposition in Damascus (2004); Exposition in Geneva (2002); Exposition in Frankfurt (2003). Individual expositions: Exposition in the hall of Holiday Inn Kuwait (1983); Exposition in the hall of Sheraton Kuwait (1984); Due to an invitation of the Kuwait cabinet, a complete exposition in the hall of the superior council of letters and arts in Kuwait (1989). His paintings are in: Sursock Museum , Beirut, Lebanon; Military museum of Damascus, Syria; Museum of modern art in Sao Paolo, Brazil; Museum of plastic art, Amman;

JREISSATI (Joseph, Michel), Magistrate. Born in 1930 at Zahlé (Lebanon). Son of Michel Jreissati (M.D.) and Mrs., née Annette Braidi. Married on 21 Dec. 1965 in Beirut to Miss Arlette Tawil, 3 children. Educ.: Oriental College of Zahlé; Jesuits College; St. Joseph University of Beirut (French Law Faculty). Dipl.: LL.B. (Lebanese and French Laws). Career: Auxiliary judge at Jdaidet el-Metn (1957), Sole Judge at Byblos (1957-59), at Jounieh (196066), Counsellor Appeal Court of Mount Lebanon, President Labour Court at Baabda since 1968 and acting president of Beirut Rents Appeal Court (1971-82); Director General of the Presidency of the Republic; Lawyer and Arbitrator. Sports: Swimming and tennis. Hobbies: Photography, reading and cinema. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Audi Bldg., Selim Bustros Str., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-204588, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Salim Bustros Str., Audi Bldg., 3rd floor, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-200840, 204587, 204588, 03-291456, Beirut, Lebanon. JREISSATI (Michel, Khalil), Tourism public relations counsellor. Born on 7 Nov. 1915 in Cairo (Egypt). Son of Khalil Jreissati (dental surgeon) and Mrs., née Salma Massaad. Educ.: St. Famille College of Cairo, French Law School and Economic and Financial Studies Centre of Cairo. Career: Joined the Japanese Embüssy in Cairo, Member of the disputed claims department of Ottoman Bank (1933), and Crédit Foncier Egyptien (1937), Chief of the Health Department at "Suez Canal Co." up to 1961, Director of Public Relations and Overseas Offices (1962) at the National Council of Tourism in Lebanon, Director of Paris Information Office (1968); Commissioner General for Osaka World Expo (1969); Public Relations Counsultant at the Ministry, of Information (1974). Member: Lebanese Public Relations Association, International Federation of Tourism, Skal Club. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Sioufi Str., Wehbe Bldg., 2nd floor, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-328434, Beirut, Lebanon. JUBAYLI 182

(Atef,

Omar),

Senior

management

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consultant. Born in Sidon (South Lebanon) in 1929. Son of Omar Jubayli and Mrs., née Zahra Bizri. Married in 1960 to Miss Siham Jamil Sakakini, 3 children: Maysam, Randa, Ramzi. Educ.: Gerard Institute of Sidon, Makassed High School - Sidon, American University of Beirut. Dipl: B.BA (1960), MBA (1964). Career: General Manager of Administration, Tapline (1976-83); Lecturer of Management at Beirut University College (1977-84); Lecturer of Management at American University of Beirut (Extension Program) (1977-84); Course Leader of Management at the Lebanese Management Association (L.M.A.). Work: Provides consultancy work in the field of manpower development to various companies operating in the Middle East and conducts management courses and seminars, both on behalf of the Athens -based Lebanese consulting firm MEIRC. Acts as Director of the Management Center of the Lebanese Management Association (L.M.A.). Also, Chairman of Cultural Committee in L.M.A. In this capacity, designs supervisory and management programs, get - togethers for leading businessmen in the community. Sport: Golf. Hobby: Music appreciation. Member: Alumni Club, Beirut Business Forum, Lebanese Management Association, Excutive member in the Higher Legislative Islamic Council. Credit Cards: American

Express and Diner's Club. Prof. Addr.: LMA Bldg., Massignon Str., off Mme. Curie Str., P.O.Box 13-5705, Tel.: 01-811045, 811049, Beirut. Prof. Addr.: L.M.A. Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-811047, Beirut, Lebanon. JUNBLAT (Majid, Aref), Vice-Governor of the Central Bank since Aug. 2003. Born in 1950 in Bramieh (South Lebanon). Son of Aref Junblat (Lawyer) and Mrs. Samia Mezher. Married in 1980 to Miss Rima Arslan. Educ.: National Evangelical Institute in Sidon, American University of Beirut. Dipl: B.A. in Business Administration, M.A. in Public Administration. Career: Manager of Association of Banks in Lebanon (1974-78); Acting Secretary General of Association of Banks in Lebanon (1978-85); Vice-Governor of the Central Bank (1985-90); Board Member of the Lebanese N.G.O. Forum 1991; President of the Lebanese N.G.O. Forum (199799); Board member of Casino du Liban (1997-2003); Executive Director of the Entrepreneurial Development Foundation (1999-2003). Sports: Swimming and horseback riding. Hobby: Reading. Priv. Addr.: Doha Hills, Doha, Khaldé, Tel: 05-808082, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Central Bank, Bank of Lebanon Str., P.O.Box 115544, Tel.: +961-1-341230/9, Fax: +961-1-602444, Beirut, Lebanon.

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KABBANI (Mohammed Rachid, S.G. Sheikh), Grand Mufti of the Lebanese Republic. Born in Beirut on Sept. 15, 1942. Son of Sheikh Raghed Bin Mohamed Ali Kabbani (High Graduate from Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt (1923). Educ.: Certificate of Primary education (1957); Secondary education at Azhar, Lebanon (1962); Diploma in Islamic Theology and Canon Law, al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt in 1966; Magister from same University in 1968; and Doctorate in 1976. Career: Director General of the Islamic Wakf (1978); Professor of Islamic law at the Faculty of Law, Arab University of Beirut (1977-89); Professor of Islamic Teachings at the College of Higher Islamic Studies of the Islamic Makassed Wakf (1982-89); Appointed Member of the "Moujamah alFakhi al-Islami al-Tabeh li Rabitat al-Aalam al-Islami fi Makka al-Moukarrama" since 1979; Secretary of Fatwa in Lebanon since 1984; appointed by the Higher Council of Islamic Sharia on (June 29, 1989-Dec. 28, 1996) to act as Grand mufti of the Lebanese Republic following the death of Grand Mufti Sheikh Hassan Khaled, officially elected on 28th Dec. 1996 as Grand Mufti of the Lebanese Republic. Pubi.: "Haq al-Talak fil Sharia al-Islamia" (Right of divorce in Islamic Law); "Had el-Zina fil Sharia al-Islamia"; "al-Jawaeh wa nazariat al-Zourouf al-Tarea fil Sharia al-Islamia"; "al-Kawaed al-Aama lil Iktissad alIslami" (General rules for Islamic Economy); "Makanat alFaqh al-Islami fil Houqouq al-Dowaliya"; al-Hikmat fi Makhlouqat Allah lil Imam Abi Hamed al-Ghazali"; "Moudawat al-Noufous wa Tahzib al-Akhlaq li Ibn Hazm"; "al-Oumla al-Wara-kiya wa Kimatiha alIktissadia" (Paper money and its economic Value); "alFaida al-Masrafia Soura min Sowar al-Riba al-Mouharram min al-Sharia al-Islamia. Addr.: Dar el-Fatwa, Zeidanieh, Aicha Bakkar, Ibn Ruchd Str., P.O.Box 14-5380, Tel.: 01788173/74/75, Fax: 01-788176, Beirut, Lebanon.

Κ KAAKATI (Elias, Antoine), General in the State Security. Born in 1952 at Mousseitbeh, Lebanon. Educ.: Military Academy (1979), Lebanese University. Dipl.: Licence in Law, Lebanese University (1976-80). Languages: Arabic, French, English, Germany and Spanish. Career: Trainee at the Security Forces (197374); Military School (1974-77); Chief of Maghdoucheh Detachment (1977-80); Ras-Baalbeck (1980-82); Chief of the Security Forces Institute (1982-84); Chief of the required office (1984-88); Chief of Administrative Section at the Security Forces (1988-93); Chief of Zahle Detachment (1993-94); Information Section, Beirut (199495); Nabatieh Detachment (1995-96); Emergency Battalion (1996-98); First Assistant to the Chief of Security Forces Institute (1998-2004); Presently Chief of Emergency Committee for Traffic Affairs; Acting General in the State Security (2006-). Pubi.: Worked Several Research Conferences and Publishing articles about the Security. Subjects. Awards: National Order of Merit; Military Order of Merit; War Order; Commander, National Order of Cedar; Order of Dawn of the South (Fajr AlJounoub). Addr.: c/o Ministry of the Interior, Hamra Str., Near Central Bank of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon.

KABBANI (Muhammad, Jamil), Deputy. Born in Beirut, 1942. Son of Jamil Kabbani (Surgeon) . Married to Ilham Abdellatif Bouji, 2 Children: Maya and Jamil. Educ.: American University of Beirut, Lebanese University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. in Engineering (1962), M.A. (1967). Career: Joined the "National Mouvement" (1975-81), President of the Cultural Arab Club since 1975; Adviser of Premier Salim el-Hoss; Elected Deputy of Beirut (1992-96) (reelected in 2000-to date). Other Information : General Coordinator of Beirut Conference Development (1999-2005); President of Assembly of the Islamic Education Committee( 1997-2005). Member of the United Front of Ras Beirut( 1975-2005); Member of the Lebanese Assembly for Human Rights( 1996-2005); Presently, Member of the Friendship Committee with European Parliament, and other activities in Lebanon and abroad. Priv. Addr.: Raouche, Australia Str., Shell Bidg., 5th floor, Tel.: 01-863601, 801180, Beirut, Lebanon.

KABBANI (Khaled), Judge, Minister. Born in Beirut. Educ.: Master/D.E.S.(Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures) in Private Law & DES (Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures) in Public Law, Doctorate of State. Career: Professor at Several Universities, Judge at Council of State (19751994); Member of Constitutional Council (1994-2000); He participated in the Elaboration of Taëf Agreement; He participated at Several Arab & International Summit to dedicate the Lebanese cause during the Civil War, also at the Juridical Conference, Constitutional, Politic & Cultural. Appointed Minister of Justice (21.4.200520.7.2005); Minister of Education & Higher Education (2005- ). Pubi.: Author of Several Works & Research at the Politic, Juridic & Administration Fields. Addr.: Ministry of Education & Higher Education, Unesco, Mama street, 2nd Floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

KABBARA (Mohamed Abdellatif), Businessman,

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KAIDBEY

Member of Parliament. Born in 1944 in Kobbeh (Tripoli), Lebanon. Married to Hind Sankari, 2 children. Educ.: Licence in Law, Arab University. Career: Businessman, Member of Parliament since 1996-to date. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

Noura, Tallet Sanaoubar Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-500909, Beirut, Lebanon. KAHWAGI (Elie), Journalist. Born on Aug. 6,1943 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Anis Kahwagi (Contractor) and Mrs. Hanna Mehanna. Married on June 19,1976 in Beirut to Dolly Bachour, 2 sons: Anis (May 15, 1977) and Jalal (Feb. 23, 1980). Educ.: College St. Elie (Primary and Secondary Studies); St. Joseph University, Lebanese University, Faculty of Law and Political and Economical Sciences. Dipl.: French Baccalauréat; B.A. in Law ?nd in Economical and Political Sciences; Doctorate in Political Sciences. Career: Director of Studies at the StockExchange of Beirut (1968-78); then Secretary General since 1979; Financial Reporter at the Newspaper "as-Safa" (in french) (1973-74), "Commerce du Levant" (1974-75); "Le Reveil" (1977); Financial Reporter "L'Orient-Le Jour" (since 1978) and in "an-Nahar" (in arabic) (since 1986-to date). Sports: Horseriding. Hobbies: Reading, travelling. Prof. Addr.: Société Générale de Presse et d'Edition S.A.L., L'Orient-Le Jour, Kantari Str., Kantari Corner Bldg., P.O.Box 11-2428 Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: 01-365365, 01-375373. Priv. Addr.: Sin el-Fil - Horch Tabet-Camille Chamoun Str., Twin Tower Bldg., Tel.: 01-502900, Lebanon.

KADIGE (Georges, Michel), Lawyer. Born on 22 June 1938 in Beirut. Son of Michel Kadige (manufacturer's representative) and Mrs., née Marie Alexandre Kadige. Married on 28 June 1969 to Miss Magda Nicolas Halabi, 3 children: Michel, Anne-Marie and Raissa-Marie. Educ.: Notre-Dame of Jamhour College, St. Joseph University, Law Faculties of Lyon and Paris. Dipl.: LL.B., Diploma of Higher Studies of the History of Law, Roman Law and Private Law, LL.D. Career: Assistant at the Law Faculty of Lyon, Nov. 1963; lecturer at the law faculty of Beirut, Nov. 1964; lawyer at the court, Apr. 1965; professor, titular, faculty of law and political sciences, U.S.J. Jan. 1977; chief of the legal department at the National Social Security Fund, Oct. 1965; administrative director (May 1968, Feb. 1972); government expert at the International Labour Office (ILO) for social security affairs (till 1973); delegate to the Social Security International Association (till 1972), chairman of the board of directors of National Social Security Fund (May 1983- Jan. 1988). Candidate with President Selim El Hoss in the legislative elections of Beirut in 1996. President of the Union for Children protection in Lebanon (UPEL) founded in 1936 (from July 1999 until July 2002);Former General Secretaiy of Conseil Central Maronite. Pubi.: Author of "La Nouvelle réglementation de la Bourse de Beyrouth", 1962, "La Situation Juridique du Patriarche au sein de l'Eglise Maronite", Lyon 1963, "Le Patriarcat d'Antioche et l'Eglise Maronite des Schismes aux Unions", Lyon 1971, "Code Annoté de la Sécurité Sociale" (under preparation), founder of "Soirées Culturelles". Prof. Addr.: 121, alAlam Str., Horch Kfoury, Badaro District Fouad Darwiche Bldg., 7th floor, Beirut, P.O.Box 116-2226, Tel.: 01388567, 386467, 393081, Fax: 01-396056, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Rue Madrassat al-Salam, Zahrat al-Ihsan District, Nasr Bldg., Tel.: .01-202651 216806, Beirut, Lebanon.

KAHY (Georges, Daoud), Hotelier, travel agent. Born on 24 Feb. 1929 at Juvisy (France). Son of Daoud Kahy and Mrs., née Salimeh Ghanem. Married on 24 Sept. 1955 to Asma Chahroury, 2 children: Naji-Paul and Nayla-Marie. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers of Beirut, Tourism Institute of Nice (France) and Hotel School of Grenoble (France). Dipl.: Bachelor (political science), Graduate Tourism Institute of Nice and Hotel School of Grenoble. Career: Hotelier, proprietor of Duroy Hotel & Beach, Hotel La Siesta and Pan European Travel Agency (Beirut, Montreal); For 14 years manager of fivestar hotels. Vice-President: Lebanese Travel Agencies Association. Member: Skal Club and Beirut Metropolitan Lions Club. Hobby: Shooting. Prof. Addr.: Raouche, Shuran Str., P.O.Box 13-5531, Tel.: 01-814023, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Shuran Str., Chatila Bldg., Tel.: 01-814023, Beirut, Lebanon.

KAHALE (May), Former President Hraoui's Consultant for Information. Born on June 11,1949 in Sin el-Fil. Daughter of Khalil Kahalé (Employer) and Mrs., née Josephine Farah. Educ.: Maison centrale des Soeurs de la Charité, Ashrafieh; UL - Université Libanaise. Dipl.: Licence in History (UL): Licence in Information (UL). Career: Lebanese Commission for Unesco (1974); anNahar Newspaper (1975-90); LBC Interviews "Ayouha Loubnaniyoun" (1989); Consultant (1990-98). Other Information: Participated in Radio Programs and articles in Arabie Newspapers. Sport: Jogging. Hobbies: Reading and music. Priv. Addr.: Sin el-Fil, Horch Tabet, Palais

KAIDBEY (Riyad N. Hassan), Banker. Born in 1943. Married, Divorced, one dependent. Educ.: Masters of Business Administration, International Finance from Michigan State University; Bachelor of Arts, Economics from Ohio Wesleyan University. Languages: English, French, Arabic. Professional Experience: (1996-Present): Federal Bank of Lebanon S.A.L., Beirut - Chief Executive Officer; Direct responsiblity for management, profit performance and restructuring of a multi branch network financial institution; Implementing a new international investment, commercial and private banking strategy in Lebanon, the Middle East and Russia; 185

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Building-up a strong treasury team to support the multi facet transactions undertaken by the bank; Managing, planning and developing marketing and operating, plans, recruiting experienced calling and support personnel; Extending oversees financing to energy projects, contracts and structured finance transactions, including budgeting and planning. (1993-96): First European Investment Corporation, London - Director-Senior Partner. Direct Responsibility for co-management and profit performance of a privately held financial institution covering a range of activities including money management, securities brokerage, FX, derivatives trading and structured finance. All trading activities are executed through First European dealing room; Direct responsibility for all capital market products, project finance a management and loan syndication. Special emphasis is placed syndicating major trade finance transactions linked to export credit programs; Successfully arranged on behalf of high net worth investors US$ 9.5 million acquisition of a medium-size Italian bank, Fundo Investment! E Sviluppo, and US$ 12.0 million private placement for account of Aquacultura Ltd. and B.A.T. International of Italy. (1991-93): Merril Lynch International Bank, London -Vice president, Western Europe & Middle East. Regional responsability for marketing and co-ordinating a range private banking, capital markets (debt issues, swaps and derivatives) FX and asset management products between UK marketing units, Western Europe and the Middle East; Generated in excess of US$ 200 million in volume turnover which included bond trading, portfolio management, secured lending and cash deposits. Customer base included financial and corporate institutions, UN and government agencies and high net worth individuals; Extended Merril Lynch's profile and customer base through extensive government, corporate and high net worth contracts in the Middle East and Western Europe. (1987-91): Qatar National Bank, Londong -General Manager. Direct responsibility for management and profit performance of two branches in London with US$ 1.2 billion in total assets; Successfully turned around a bank with a loss of US$ 9.5 million in 1987 to high profitability with cumulative net profit of US$ 5.5 million and R.O.A. 1.1. percent in 1990; Developed and introduced new marketing strategies; restructured the private banking branch, upgraded the treasury services to include FX and derivative trading; successfully introduced new administrative structures throughout the branch and, generally, changed the whole orientation of staff to that of good working relationships, sound procedures, all of which brought the branch back into profitability; Sucessfully lead managed over US$ 650 million in capital market transactions involving Qatari, Russian, UK and North African state owned companies and multinational corporate beneficiaries; Invested and managed the oil revenues for the State of Qatar. Daily turnover of money market transactions exceeded US$ 450 million; Managed

sucessfully the reduction of nonperforming loans from and amount of US$ 20 million (£12.3) to US$ 5.8 million (£3.9 million) within three year period; Designed and implemented credit procedures and installed new operation and control systems which were fully approved by the Bank of England. (1967-87): The First Bank of Chicago. (1984-87): First Chicago, London - VicePresident and Country Head. Successfully managed a senior group of officers with direct responsibility for developing strategies and marketing bank's commercial, treasury and capital market products in North and West Africa including Egypt; Generated and acted as Lead Manager for 10 capital market and structured finance transactions with total volume of US$ 200 million including the First Algerian SWAP transaction; Generated in excess of US$ 450 million in Loans and an annual net profit of US$ 4.5 million. All transactions were for key customers such as Bechtel, I.C.I., Cargil with active use of several government export credit programs. (1981-84): First Chicago, Athens - Vice-President-General Manager. Established and managed a six-man representative office with direct lending, marketing and operational responsibility for Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Cyprus and Lebanon; Successfully structured three major FRN issues for a key Egyptian financial institutions, namely, Banque Misr, National Bank of Egypt and Misr International Bank. (1976-81): First Chicago, Multinational Corporate Group, Chicago - Vice President and Team Leader. Managed the world-wide banking and financing needs of a select group of US multi-national corporations with total commitments of US$ 600 million. Clients included Bechtel, Mobil, Boe-ing, ITT.; Designed, in conjuction with branch installations, innovative cash management systems to capture and invest cash flows emanating from financing major energy transactions in Korea (Keko 20 Saudi Arabia Refinery), Kuwait (Santa Fe International). (1973-76): First Chicago, Dubai - Assistant Vicepresident, branch Manager. Managed the multi-currency assets and liabilities of the Dubai-Sharjah branches totalling US$ 125 million; Directed activities of the Foreign Exchange Centre, which fulfiled the multicurrency funding requirements for the three UAE branches. First Chicago, Chicago, Beirut - Assistant Manager, Lending Officer. Marketed a variety of private and commercial banking products in Lebanon and eight Middle Easters countries. Professional Memberships: Aquacultura-Board Member; San Francisco Oil CompanyBoard Member; Arab Bankers Association-Board Member; Arab-American Bankers Association; Institute of Directors; British Lebanese Society; Assumption Holdings Corporation -Board Advisor; Beirut Cosmopolitan Rotary Club -Member. Addr.: Dora Square, P.O.Box 11-2209, Beirut, Lebanon. KAIROUZ (Elie), Lawyer, Member of Parliament. Born in 1958 in Becharreh, Lebanon. Married to Layla

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Toubia, 3 children: Maroun, Charbel and Karam. Educ.: Lebanese University; University St. Joseph (U.S.J). Dipl.: Diploma in Philosophy; Licence in Law. Career: Lawyer, Responsible of the Lebanese Forces in Becharreh since 1992; Elected Deputy for Becharreh (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

1926. Career: all given to painting since 1949. Act. & Works: participated in 16 exhibitions held successively in Paris, Moscow, Rome, Palermo, Alexandria, Beirut and in Dec. 1967 exhibited a number of works at the Swiss art gallery "L'Entracte" of Lausanne. Dist.: Laureate of the Autumn Salon of 1967 (Sursock Museum - Beirut), was awarded U N E S C O prize. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: As^rafieh, Ashrafieh Str., Green Park Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01335761, Beirut, Lebanon.

KAIROUZ (Rabi'a, Subhi), Former Deputy. B o m in Shiifa (Deir al-Ahmar), 1945. Son of Subhi Kairouz. Married To Miss Amai Hourani (caza de Baalbeck), 3 children: Subhi, Mariam and Sarah. Dipl.: Agricultural Engineer. Career: Trade and agriculture, elected Deputy of Baalbeck-Hermel (1992, reelected in 1996). Prof. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

K A N A A N (Hussein, Sobhi), Politician. Born in 1938 in Bouday, Baalbeck, Lebanon. Married to Mahraban Kanaan, Two children: Zeina (Mar. 14, 1963), Washington D.C. USA; Warif (July 11, 1973) Washington D.C. USA. Education: MA in International Affairs (1969), George Washinton University, Washinton D.C. - USA, America and World Affairs (1968), the School of International Service, The American University, Washington D.C. USA, Ph.D. Postgraduate works in International Affairs. The govt. Dept. Georgetown University (1968-71) Washington DC - USA, Ph.D.: Theories of International Relations - International Law and Organization -Middle Eastern Affairs, (1974) The American University, Washington D.C. - USA. Career: Professor of Social Sciences, Howard University, Washington D.C. (1969-70); Appointed Professor of International Relations and Middle Eastern Government and Politics, The University College, Maryland University, Baltimore U S A ; Instructor of Political Culture Language and Middle Eastern Affairs, the Foreign Service Institute, The Department of State, Washington D.C. - USA; Professor of Political Sociology and Comparative Governments, the Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon (1978-85); Chairman of Board of Directors of the Council of the South (1979-85); First Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Lebanon (198590); Representative of Lebanon to the International Monetary Fund (1985-90); Professor of International Politics, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (1990-95); Member of Board of Directors of the Middle East Airlines, Beirut, Lebanon (1995-98). Scholarly Work and Publications: Thesis The Lebanese Political System (structure and Function), 1969 (English); Dissertation: "Politics of Association", 1974 (English); Interviews to local and international newspapers, magazines and mass media; Contributed articles to most Lebanese newspapers and professional journals; A book published in Arabic "Political Affairs" 1985. al-Bahith Publishing House, Beirut, Lebanon; A book in Politics, "The Game of Politics - From Beirut to Washington", 1996; A book under preparation, " U S A and Arab Relations". Hobbies: Reading and music. Home Address: Justinian Str., Hammoud Bldg., 2nd floor, Clemenceau, Tel.: 01-371671, 03-722725, Beirut, Lebanon.

KAISSI (Muhieddine), Attorney-at-Law - Professor of Laws - Secretary General, Lebanese Arbitration Center. Born on 7 Nov. 1946 in Beirut. Son of Mahmoud Ka'issi (Civil Servant) and Mrs., née Faouzié Traboulsi. Married in 1974 to Ghina Zouheir Kaissi, 3 children: Nadine (1975), Nada (1977), Tammam (1983). Educ.: Makassed Islamiah (1950-63); Beirut Arab University (1964-68); Université de Paris (1968-72). Dipl.: Licence en Droit 1968 (Liban); Diplôme d'études Supérieures en Droit, 1970 (France); Doctorat d'Etat en Droit, 1972 (France). Career: Attorney-at-Law since 1972; Professor of Laws since 1972; Legal Adviser to Prime Minister (1973-78); General Manager of the Beirut Chamber of Commerce and Industry (1986-94); Secretary General, Lebanese Arbitration Center from 1994; Legal Adviser, Beirut Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Legal Adviser, Investment Development Authority of Lebanon (IDAL) since 1995. Sports: Swimming, golf. Hobby: Reading. Club: Golf Club of Lebanon. Credit Card: Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Rue du Père Chanteur, Tel.: 01-657409/411, Fax: 01-657410, Beirut, Lebanon; Chamber of Commerce & Industry, P.O.Box 11-1801, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ras Nabeh, Hoot Str., Tel. 01-644459, 03-333391, Beirut, Lebanon. KALASH (Ahmed), Civil Engineer. Born in Saida (South Lebanon) in 1935. Educ.: in Saida until 1952, American. University of Beirut, Beirut (1957). Dipl.: Civil Engineering. Career: Ministry of Public Works (1957-59); Litani River National Office (1959-64); Project Manager in Saudi Arabia (1964-65); Private contractor since 1966; President of Saida Municipality (1979-98); President of the United Municipalities of Saida/Zahrani (1980-98); Participated in several conferences in Lebanon and foreign countries on municipalities and environment. Addr.: Riad el-Solh Str., Kalash Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 07-725912, Fax: 07-729528, E-mail: [email protected], Saida, Lebanon.

K A N A A N (Ibrahim), Lawyer, Member of Parliament. Born in 1962 in Jdeidet el Metn, Lebanon. Married to

KANAAN (Elie), Artist painter. Born in Lebanon in

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Tania Saadeh, 2 daughters: Maria and Rita. Educ.: University St. Joseph (U.S.J) Beirut; University Paris II, France. Dipl.: Licence in Lebanese Law and in French Law from U.S.J (Beirut); Masters in International Law from Paris II (France). Career: Consultant and President of International Department at the International Lawyer's Group "Kinidys" and Co. in Riyad (Saudi Arabia); Secretary General of the British Legal Council for the Middle East; President of the Lebanese Center for the Legal and Economic Research; President of the International Relations Committee at the Bar Association of Beirut; Elected Deputy for the Metn District (2005- ); President of Parliamentary Commission of Youth and Sport (2005-). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg„ Beirut, Lebanon.

Urologist (1972-74); Lecturer in Urology at the Faculty of Medicine, Zaragoza University (1973-75). Sports: Swimming and ski. Prof. Addr.: Hadeth, Karam Bldg., 1st floor, Karam Str., Tel.: 05-460418, Beirut Suburb. Priv. Addr.: same, Tel.: 05-460418, Lebanon. KARAM DOUEIHI (Souad), Ambassador of Venezuela to Lebanon. Career: Chargé d' Affaiies of Venezuela to Algeria (1990-92); Chargé d' Affaires to Syria (1992-96); Director of Asia and African Affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1998-2000); Director of the Deputy Prime Minister Office (2000-2004); Ambassador of Venezuela to Lebanon (2006-to date). Addr.: Embassy of Venezuela, Zalka, Marché Zalka, Breezevale House Bldg., 5th Floor, P.O.Box 11603 Beirut, Tel. (01)888701, Zalka, Lebanon.

KANAAN (Suleiman, Boulos, Dr.), Cardiologist, former Deputy. Born in Jezzine, 1943. Married To Miss Marie-Rose Absi, 3 children: Florence, Nada and Karim. Educ.: Primary (Frères Maristes, Saida), Secondary (Notre-Dame de Jamhour), St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: M.D., specialization in Cardiology (Montreal, Canada). Career: Cardiologist, Elected Deputy of Jezzine (1992, reelected in 1996). Prof. Addr.: Hôpital Hayek, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ain Saadé, Bifurcation Monte Verdé, Villa Kanaan, Tel.: 04-400182, 03-709110, Lebanon.

KARAM (Farid, Karam), M.D. Born on 3 June 1929 in Beirut. Son of Karam Karam. Married in Apr. 1955 to Miss Daad Mikhail. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. (1950), M.D. (1954) Residency Training in Ohio, U.S.A., American Board of Otolaryngology (1960), Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (1960), Member of the American Board of facial plastic and reconstructive Surgery (1961). Career: M.D. in Beirut (1954) in U.S.A. (1955-61); Lecturer at the American University of Beirut (1961-63); Clinical Assistant Professor at the American University (1963-76); Private Practice in U.S.A. (1976-80) in Beirut (1980-84); Chief of Otolaryngology & plastic facial Surgery at Bay Pines Medical Centre U.S.A. (1984-90). Acting Chief of Surgery at Bay Pines Medical Centre Florida U.S.A. (1994-96). Clinical Associate Professor of Otolaryngology at the University of South Florida in Tampa (1994-96). Member Lebanese Boy Scout Association (1939-Present); Chief Scout of Lebanese Scouting (1969-73); World Scout Committee (1971-75); Vice Chairman of World Scouting (1971-75). Founder and Life Member of World Scout Foundation Headed by the king of Sweden (1974-Present). Pubi.: Author of a number of research Papers Published in local and international medical journals. Awards: medals 1- Education (1st Class); 2-National Cedars Commander; 3- Medal of Lebanese Merit; 4- Bronze Wolf Highest Scout Medal. Sports: Squash, tennis, fishing, skiing and water skiing. Prof. Addr.: Abdel Aziz Str., Maktabi Bldg., 1st floor, P.O.Box 113-5212, Tel.: 01-344453, 344454, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ramlet el-Bàida, Tel.: 01-802962, Beirut, Lebanon.

KANSO (Ali, Khalil), Former Minister of Labour. Born in 1948 in Doueir (Casa Nabatiye), South Lebanon. Married to Miss Sabah Kanso, 3 children: Wajeb, Mayssaloun and Fadi. Educ.: Diploma in Arab Literature from Lebanese University. Career: Professor of Arab Literature (1973-96), Contributed in the elaboration of School-books in both Complementary and Secondary school, Joined the Syrian Popular Party in 1969, elected President in 1996 and reelected in 2000. Appointed Minister of Labour (2000-03). Addr.: Ras el-Nabeh, near Banque Audi, Helwani Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-666008, 03-417480, 695694, Beirut, Lebanon. KANSO (Assem), Former Member of Parliament, Engineer. Boni in 1937 in Baalbeck, Lebanon. Married, 5 children: Jassem, Hussein, Nadim, Zainab, Dana. Educ.: Diploma in Engineering (Mines and Geology), Zagreb University, Yugoslavia; Higher Study in Petroleum and Geology in Romania. Career: Engineer at Litani Office (1994-); Professor at Lebanese University (1967-69); Joined the "Baath Arab Socialist Party" (1953); Secretary of its Regional Leadership (1966-89); Elected Deputy (1996-2005); Appointed Minister of State (2003-2004). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

KARAM (Joseph), Merchant. Born on 13 Aug. 1957. Son of Assaad Karam (merchant of clothes) and Mrs., née Nadia Salloum. Single. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. Business Administration, M.A. Career: Merchant, wholesaler, representation agencies manufacturers. Sports: Diving, horseriding, hunting, tennis, basketball, golf. Hobby: Travelling. Member:

KARAM (Antoine), Urologist. Born in 1944 at Hadeth (Beirut). Son of Karam Skandar and Mrs., née Aoun Linda. Educ.: La Sagesse College; Faculty of Medicine, Zaragoza University (Spain). Dipl.: M.D. Career:

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(GLS, 2002). Career: Professor (FMD-USJ, 1992); Chairman of the MaxilloFacial Radiology Department since 1994; Delegate for International Relations (USJ) since 2003. Member of the Executive Board of UNESCO (1997-2001); Member of the Lebanese National Commission for UNESCO since 1994 & Vice-President of the Commission since 2005; Member of the American Academy of MF Radiology (1995). Member of the Board of the Maronite League (1997-2003) & Secretary General of the Maronite League (2001-2003). Sport: Waterskiing. Hobbies: History, Music. Clubs: ATCL, Bel Horizon. Credit Card: MC. Prof. Addr.: USJ, Rectorate, Damascus Street, Beirut Tel: 961-1-426456 ext.1159; Email: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Maameltein, P.O. Box 497, Tel: 961-9-854030, Fax: 961-9-854649; Email: [email protected], Lebanon.

Mont la Salle, A.U.B., Team (basketball, tennis). Credit Cards: American Express, Carte Blanche, Diners. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Atchinak, Assaad Karam Bldg., P.O.Box 2620, Tel.: 01-397251, 397752, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Tel./-Fax: 01-397701, Beirut, Lebanon. KARAM (Karam, Shukrallah), Politician and Medical Scientist. Born on Mar. 27, 1942 in Khiam. Married to Miss Anne-Marie, 3 Children. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Career: Minister of State(2003-04); Alternate Minister of Public Health; Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Minister of Tourism (2000-03); Minister of Public Health (19982000); Chairman: Administration, Budget & Finance Committee, World Health Organization. (2001-02); Committee B, World Health Assembly (2000-01); Obstetrics/Gynecology Dept, American University of Beirut (1987-99); Middle East Medical Assembly (198893); Medical Advisory Panel, I.P.P.F. (1993); Medical Committee, Lebanese Family Planning Association (1978); President: The Scientific Council, Arab Board of Medical Specializations (1998-2002.); The Scientific Council of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Arab Board of Medical Specializations (1998-2002); A-ab Council of Ministers of Health (1999-2000); Lebanefe Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (1988-2000); Deputy President, Superior Ministerial Council of Health (19992000); Medical Alumni Association (1992-94). Member: American College of Surgeons, New York Academy of Sciences, American Fertility Soc, Middle East Fertility Soc, American Association for Advancement of Science, Lebanese Family Planning Association, Lebanese Society for Preservation of Nature; Arab Council of Ministers of Tourism (2000-03); Executive Board World Tourism Organization (2001-03); Executive Board World Health Organization (1999-2002); WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA Coordinating Committee, United Nations (1999-2002); Medical Advisory Panel, International Planned Parenthood Federation, London - England (1993-96); Scientific Council, Arab Board of Medical Specializations (198796). Pubi.: 38 Articles, 3 chapters and many abstracts/presentations published. Awards: Physician's Recognition Award 1971, Order of Cedars Decoration of Lebanon 1993. Addr.: American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

KARAM (Melhem, Karam), Journalist. Born in Lebanon. Son of Karam Karam (Journalist, wiiter). Married to Miss Lilly Moubarak, 3 children: Carma, Karam, and Saer. Career: Journalist; Chairman General Manager of the publishing house "Dar Alf Leila wa Leila" (who publishes 15 newspapers, reviews); chief-editor of "al-Assifa" newspaper; chief editor of "al-Bayrak" newspaper: "La Revue du Liban" (French-Language weekly magazine), "Monday Morning" (EnglishLanguage weekly magazine) and "al Hawadeth" (ArabicLanguage weekly magazine) and president of the Lebanese Journalists' Association; Vice-president of the Arab Journalists' Federation; Vice-president of the International Journalists League. President of the Federation of the Order of Liberal Professions. Awards: Legion of Honor (1985); Officer, National Order of The Cedar (1987); Officer, National Order of Merit (France - 1988). Prof. Addr.: Sioufi, Trad Bldg., P.O.Box 165612 (Ashrafieh), Tel.: 01-200961/2, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Madrasset alSalam, Feghaly Bldg., Tel.: 01-201936, Beirut, Lebanon. KARAM (Simon), Lawyer, and former Mohafez of Bekaa and Beirut. Born on Feb. 2, 1950 in Jezzine, Lebanon. Son of Massoud Karam (merchant) and Mrs. Victoria Aziz. Married to Alice Mogabgab (1997). Two daughters, Souraya, Alia and Massoud. Educ.: Collège de la Sagesse, Beirut; St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. in French Law, B.A. in Lebanese Law. Career: Lawyer at the Bar of Beirut (1974-90); Mohafez of Bekaa (1990); Mohafez of the City of Beirut (1991); Ambassador of Lebanon to the United States of America (1992); Back to law practice at the Bar of Beirut (1994). Other Information: Activist in the Student Movement (197074). Sports: Tennis, basketball, swimming. Hobbies: Reading, music. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Père Abella Str., Beirut, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Adlieh, Karam Rahal Str., Dr. Nasr Bldg., P.O.Box 116-5093, Tel.: 01-427413, Fax: 01-426046, Beirut, Lebanon.

KARAM (Khalil), DDS, Professor & Delegate for International Relations (Université St. Joseph). Born on May 28, 1955 at Maameltein, Lebanon. Son of Elias Karam (Past-President of Municipality-Ghazir) and Rose Prince. Married to Sana Zoghbi (Bkerke, July 9, 1987), 3 children: Elias (1988), Sara (1989), Hadi (1993). Educ.: Collège des Frères Maristes (Jounieh & Champville), Université St. Joseph (DDS, 1979), Université Paris VI (Assistant Radiology, 1981), Georgetown University 189

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

KARAME (Ahmed Moustapha), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1944 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Moustapha Rachid Karame. Married to Zeina Nabhani, 3 daughters, Souraya, Alia, Nour. Edue.: Primary and Secondary, Brummana High School. Dipl.: in Economic and Political Sciences, Beirut Arab University. Career: Former Director, Port of Tripoli; Social Affairs since 1992; Secretary General "National Youth Party"; Elected Deputy (1996-2000). Addr.: Tripoli, Tel.: 06-625311, Fax: 06443872, Tripoli, North Lebanon.

Manager, Modem Roads Contracting Co. (since 1982); Partner General Manager, Modem Company for Industry & Building Materials (since 1984); Other Information: Partner Member of the Board, Modern Metallic Construction (since 1979); Member of Syndicat des Etablissements touristiques Balnéaires au Liban; Member of Syndicat des Entrepreneurs des Travaux Publics. Sports: Valley bail, table tennis, hunting. Member: Lions. Credit Cards: Diner's, Cashless. Prof. Addr.: Boulevard Str., Karame Bldg., P.O.Box 277, Tripoli, Tel.: 06-435058, 626669, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Mitein Str., Kamar Bldg., Tel.: 06-202789, Tripoli, Lebanon.

KARAME (Elias, Constantin), (Known as Elie) Physician, endocrinologist. Born on 15 Sept. 1940 in Beirut. Son of Constantin Karame (Laboratory owner) and Mrs., née Yvonne Smin. Married in 1972 in Norway. Two sons. Educ.: Jesuites College; Lycée Français; Faculté Française de Médecine, USJ; Université de Paris. Foundation of Research in Hormonology, Paris. Dipl.: Baccalauréat 1 & 2; M.D.; Certificat d'Etude d'Endocrinologie et de Maladies Métaboliques. Career: Specialist physician in Rizk Hospital and Lebanese Hospital; Professor at the Medical Faculty of USJ. Member: of the Political Bureau of the Lebanese Phalangist Party (1971); Vice-President of the Party (1980); President of the party (1984). Sports: Tennis, swimming. Hobbies: Cinema, reading, music. Member of: Association d'Aide aux Orphelins de Guerre; Association d'Aide aux Handicapés de Guerre; Blood Bank. Prof. Addr.: Rizk Hospital, P.O.Box 11-3288, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Gehchan Str., Tel.: 01-200673, 217112, Lebanon.

KARAOGLAN (Maurice, Tewfik), Insurance broker. Born 23 Apr. 1929 at Iskenderun. Son of Karaoglan Tewfik and Mrs., née Irma Balit. Married 22 Dec. 1956 in Aleppo, to Miss Thérèse Rabbath, 3 children; Serge, Alain and Cyril. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Career: Set up his own firm: Etablissements M. Karaoglan; goes into partnership in 1969 to form Nasco Karaoglan & Co. and sets up an Insurance Co. in 1972. Hobby: Travelling. Member: Golf Club, Yacht Club Kaslik, French Union. Prof. Addr.: Banker's Insurance SAL, P.O.Box 11-4293, Tel.: 01-988777, 988111, Fax: 01984004, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Verdun Str., Daouk Bldg., Tel.: 01-803715, 803762, Beirut, Lebanon. KAREH (Milad), Former Mohafez of Bekaa. Born in 1936 at Chiyah, Lebanon. Dipl.: Diploma in Business Administration. Career: Official at the Ministry of Defence since the 1960s, moved to several Administrative Positions, lastly as Chief of Department; Charged with several Official Missions to a number of Arab and Foreign Countries; Director of Information and Public Relations at the Ministry of Defence for many years; Appointed, Mohafez of Bekaa (Jan. 1999-2004). Awards: Lebanese Order of Merit, National Order of Cedar, War Order and Military Honorary Order. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

KARAME (Omar Abdel Hamid, H.E.), Former Prime Minister of Lebanon, former Deputy. Born in 1935 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Married in 1964, two sons and two daughters. Educ.: High School in Beirut, Cairo University, Cairo. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Politician; appointed Prime Minister of Lebanon on (Dec. 24, 1990-May 7, 1992); Reappointed Prime Minister of Lebanon(Oct.26, 2004April 19,2005) and member of the Lebanese Parliament (June 7, 1991-June 20,2005). Prof. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

KASSAR (Adel, Wafic), Lebanese citizen, Businessman and banker. Born on 25 Jan. 1932. Son of Me Wafic Beik Kassar (Honorary Chairman of the Counsel of State, Former Ambassador of Lebanon to Pakistan and Turkey, First Dean of the facutly of Law at the Lebanese University, Member of the Academy of Islamic Studies at Cairo, and Lawyer at Court of the Bar of Beirut) and Mrs., née Chafica Diab. Married in 1963 in Beirut to Hoda Béchir Barrage, 4 children Nadim (1964), Dania (1965), Zeina (1967) and Nabil (1970). Educ.: St. Joseph University. Dipl.: LLB (graduated in 1953 from the Faculty of Law of Saint Joseph University, Beirut/Lebanon, affiliated to the Faculty of Law of Université de Lyon, France). Career: Vice Chairman & General Manager and major shareholder of FRANSABANK SAL, a leading bank in Lebanon.

KARAME (Safouh), BSE civil engineer. Born in 1938 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Abdallah Karame (Land owner) and Mrs. Haseebeh née Haddad. Married in 1949 in Beirut to Arab Haddad, 3 children: Hani (1970), Rami (1972), Amer (1976). Educ.: Attarbia Wat-talim College, Tripoli; International College, Beirut; American University of Beirut. Dipl.: High School, Bacc. (2nd part). Career: Civil Engineer (General Enterprises Co.), Saudi Arabia (1966-68); Technical Manager, al-Hamidi Est., Saudi Arabia (1968-73); General Manager, Krimmley Est. (1973-78); President General Manager, Northern Touristic Co., Tripoli, Lebanon (since 1978); Partner General 190

KASSARD JIAN

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Fransabank, the oldest bank in Lebanon, soon developed into one of the largest and leading banks in Lebanon, and the most prominent one with regard to its international affiliations. In addition, the bank has several strategic alliances with leading international banks, financial institutions and organizations. Through its 60 local branches, the Bank provides a wide range of commercial and retail banking and related financial services primarily to Lebanese individuals and private sector companies, and increasingly, to foreign companies seeking to operate in Lebanon. The Bank also provides specialized financial services such as private and investment banking through its fully owned Investment Banking subsidiary Fransa Invest Bank SAL, lease financing through its subsidiary Lebanese Leasing Company SAL, selected and very well planned insurance products through its subsidiary Bancassurance SAL as well as syndicated loans and financial institutions funded loans; Vice Chairman of FRANSABANK (FRANCE) SA Paris; Founder, co-owner and Chairman of A.A. KASSAR SAL Headquartered in Beirut, with branch offices in Paris, Hong Kong and Hungary, activities cover wide range of products. A.A. KASSAR (AAK) was established in Beirut in 1949 as a trading firm. But it rapidly became a major international trading company, with diverse activities including banking, financial brokerage, and participation in industrial sectors. AAK exclusively presents 200 brands of consumer products and participates in the government tendering process for commodity goods. It is ranked by the Beirut Chamber of Commerce as an excellent degree international trading firm. AAK operates through the seven major departments including commercial, international, Government tenders, tires, tobacco, airline and the Tap Air Portugal departments ; Major investments in several real estate developments. Memberships : Golf Club of Lebanon, Fouquets Club International, Paris. Credit Cards: MasterCard, Visa. Sports & Hobbies : Hunting, Skiing, Swimming, Tennis, Reading. Prof. Addr.:Fransabank Center- Hamra Street- Beirut, P.O.Box: 11-0393, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2803, Lebanon, Tel: (01)340189, Fax: (01) 348049. Private Address : Jnah, Ramlet Al Baida, Philippe Hitti Street, Shoucair Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon, Tel: (01)824452.

(A.A.Kassar)", "Beirut Shipping & Tourist Agency" and "Middle East Cotton Company"; Chairman and General Manager of "Fransabank S.A.L." with representative offices in Budapest and Hong Kong and affiliated companies in Geneva, Chairman and General Manager of "Fransabank (France) S.A.", Paris, France (a Joint-venture with "Caisse Nationale de Credit Agricole", (Frpnce); Shareholder and Chairman of "Fransabank (Zaire) SARL", Kinshasa; Shareholder, Board Member and Member of the Executive Committee of "Banque Indosuez Magyarorszag - Budapest, Chairman and Major shareholder of "Fransa Holding Sa", Luxemburg; Shareholder and Deputy Chairman of "Cimenterie de Sibline" Lebanon; Shareholder and Board Member of "al-Kimiya Co. Chemical Industries", Syria; Shareholder and Board Member of "Agrosyr", Syria; Shareholder and Deputy Chairman of "Amrit Co." - Syria, President of Beirut Chamber of Commerce and Industry (1972-2005); President of the Lebanese National Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce since 1974; President of the International Bureau of Chambers of Commerce (I.B.C.C.), Paris; Vice-President of: the Union of Arab Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture since 1972, The French-Lebanese Chamber of Commerce, Marseille; The General Assembly of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the Mediterranean Countries "ASCAME", Barcelona, Spain; Member of the Board of Directors of: The National U.S. - Arab Chamber of Commerce, Washington DC; The French-Arab Chamber of Commerce, Paris; The Arab-British Chamber of Commerce, London; The Arab-Italian Chamber of Commerce, Roma; The Arab-Belgium-Luxemburg Chamber of Commerce, Brussels; The Arab-Swiss Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Geneva. Other Information: Appointed Minister of Economy(20042005). Decor: Knight of the National Order of the Cedar (Lebanon), Knight of Honour Legion (France), Officer of the Order of the National Merit (France), Officier of the Order of La Pleiade (Association of the Francophone Parliamentaries), Officiers of the Order of the Flag (Hungary), and Commander of the Order of Merit (Italy), Commander Rio Branco (Brazil). Sports: Tennis, swimming and hunting. Member: The Club Inter-Allie, Paris France. Credit Cards: American Express, Golden Card, Visa, Diner's Club. Prof. Addr.: Fransbank SAL, P.O.Box: 11-0393, Tel.: 01-341434, 342613, 351327, 861391; Fax: 01-348049, Beirut and Fransabank (France) SA, Tel.: 53768400; Fax: 45635700, Paris. Priv. Addr.: Ramlet el-Baida, Philippe Hitti Str., Henri Shoucair Bldg., Tel.: 01-308846, 826450, Beirut and Tel.: 40671527, Paris.

KASSAR (Adnan, Wafic), Banker and Businessman. Born in 1930 in Beirut. Son of late Wafic Kassar (Magistrate, ex-Ambassador of Lebanon to Pakistan and Turkey, Founder and First Dean of the Faculty of Law at the Lebanese University, Honorary Chairman of the Counsel of State and Member of the Academy of Islamic Studies at Cairo) and late Mrs. Chafica Diab. Married on 14 June 1959 to Raeda Miskaoui, one daughter, Roula (born in 1960 in Beirut). Educ.: St. Joseph University, Faculty of Law of Beirut (Affiliate of the Faculty of Law of Lyon, France). Dipl.: LL.B (1951). Career: Founder and Actual Co-Owner of "Adnan & Adel Kassar

KASS ARD JIAN (Joe), Industrialist. Born in 1946 in Beirut (Lebanon). Son of late Ohaness Kassardjian (Founder of OK - Fonderies Ohannes Kassardjian S.A.L.) and Mrs., née Anna Missirlian. Married to Miss Patricia Mazloum. Children: 3 daughters: Anna Maria, Ida,

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Johanne. Educ.: Université Catholique de Louvain Belgium, INSEAD Fontainebleau. Career: Dedicated to industrial activities, President of Fonderies Ohannes Kassardjian S.A.L. Sports: Swimming. Hobbies: Arts, music. Member of: American Water Works Association; Maxim's Business Club, Paris; Yarzé Country Club; ATCL, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Fonderies Ohannes Kassardjian S.A.L., P.O.Box 11-4150, Tel.: 05-462462, Fax: 05-464645. Priv. Addr.: Avenue Rafie Hariri, Ramlet el-Baida, Kassem Bldg., Tel.: 01-868705, 03-240245, Beirut, Lebanon.

Science", "The Entomological Society of America", "The Society of sigma XI", "Lebanese Association for the Advancement of Science", "Lebanese Consumer Protection Society", "National Environmental Society". Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Photography and stamp collecting. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, Bliss Str., Tel.: 01-865250, 350000 (ext. 2773), Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Tannounyine Str., Tel.: 801981, Beirut, Lebanon. KAWAS (Hassan Nabil, Muhammad Aboul Fadel), Magistrate. Born in 1928 at Sidon (Lebanon). Son of Muhammad Aboul Fadel (magistrate) and Mrs., née Sadika Zantout. Married on 2 Aug. 1959 to Miss Evelyn Hammarback Mait, 2 children: Sami and Karim. Educ.: Marist Brothers College, al-Makassed College, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer (195462); Magistrate (1962); Counsellor at First Instance tribunal of Mount Lebanon (1965); General Advocate before Appeal Court of Mount Lebanon (1966); Examining Judge in Beirut (1971); Counsellor Criminal Court of Beirut. Sports: Karate and swimming. Prof. Addr.: Ràs Beirut, Lyon Str., Chatila & Kahwagi Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-746630, Fax: 01-749757, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Nancy Str., Arifi Bldg., Tel.: 01803323, 350455, Beirut, Lebanon.

KASSARGI (Georges), Deputy. Born in Zahlé, 1938. Married to Miss Beauty Hraiz(Deceased), one daughter: Ezmiralda. Educ.: Secondary, Armenian School, Oriental College. Career: Businessman, Elected Deputy of Zahlé (1992, reelected in 1996 and reelected in 2000-). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. KASSIR (Abdallah Ahmad), Former Deputy in Parliament Lebanon. Born in 1957 at al-Najaf. Son of Ahmad Habib Kassir (Writer) and Mrs. Fahda Kassir. Married: in 1984 in Beirut to Rajaa Shomar, six children: Mohammad (1985), Malak (1987), Mahdy (1989), Ali (1993), Hawraa (1996), Jawad (1999). Educ.: al-Najaf Secondary School, Lebanese University. Dipl.: (Social) Sciences - (Diplom), Master of Political Social Sciences (Master). Career: Elected Deputy (1996-2005). Other Information: Owns a Printing Press. Sports: Swimming, walking. Hobbies: Sports, reading. Prof. Addr.: Haret Hreik office, Tel.: 01-271855/3; Tyr office, Tel.: 07344433/2. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: 01-553805, Haret Hreik, Lebanon. KATTAR (Damien), Businessman, former Minister. Born in 1960. Married, 4 children. Educ.: Lebanese University & Holy Spirit University of Kaslik,Conservatoire National des Arts & Métiers de Paris. Dipl.: Licentiate in Business Administration. Career: Strategic Adviser of several financial groups in the Gulf countries; Lecturer at " Institut des études bancaires" at University St. Joseph and at "Institut des études diplomatiques et des relations internationales" Sagesse University. Appointed Minister of Finance, Economy & Trade (2004-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

KEMEID (Georges, Michel), Polish airlines sales manager, business and financial consultant. Born in 1940 in Cairo (U.A.E.) Son of Michel Kemeid (deceased) and Mrs., née Accawi. Married in 1966 to Miss Leila Asli in Damascus (Syria), one daughter: Anne-Marie. Educ.: Secondary and Higher. Career: The C.A. Sector (1956), Cairo office, transferred to Beirut Lot offic.; in 1970 where he worked his way up to senior executive and sales manager and adviser. In 1974 set up a public relations agency concerned with financial and business promotion under the style "Business and Financial Consultant for the' Middle East". Remark: Fluent in spoken and written: Arabic, French, English, Italian, German and Greek, to a lesser degree, Polish; Much-travelled throughout the Continent, the U.K., the Middle East and African Countries. Sports: Swimming and tennis. Hobbies: Classical music, reading, travelling. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Sin el-Fil, Horch Tabet, facing Villa Hayek, Gharidian Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel/Fax: 01-481003, Lebanon.

KAWAR (Nasri, Shafik), Academic. Born on 26 Aug. 1933 in Nazareth (Palestine). Son of Shafik Kawar and Mrs., née Jawhara Ghantous. Married on 16 July 1960 in Beirut to Miss Suad Noujaim, 4 children: Ramzi, Shafic, Rania and Amai. Educ.: American University of Beirut, Pennsylvania State University. Dipl.: B.Sc. (1956), M.Sc. (1959) from AUB; Ph.D. (1963), from Pennsylvania State University. Career: Associate Professor of Entomology at AUB. Member: "American Association for the Advancement of

KESHISHIAN (Aram I), Catholicos of Cilicia. Born in Beirut in 1947. Educ.: The Armenian Seminary in Antelias, the Near East School of Theology, the American University of Beirut, the Ecumenical Institute of Bossey, Switzerland and Fordham University, New York. Dipl.: M.Div., S.T.M., Ph.D. Major areas of specialization: systematic and contemporary theology and ecume-nics. Career: Ordained celibate priest (1968); obtained the title of Vartabed (i.e. doctor of the church) (1970); elected

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION locum tenens of the diocese of Lebanon (1978); elected Primate (1979), Archbishop (1980); Elected Catholicos (28 June 1995); Consecrated Catholicos (1 July 1995-). Taught courses in Armenian and theological studies in the Mardikian School, the Armenian Seminary and Haigazian College. Lectured in international ecumenical and academic circles on thological and ecumenical themes, served as the General Secretary for the Ecumenical relations of the Cilician Catholicosate. Since 1975 has been member of the Faith and Order Commission and the Standing Committee of the same commission, the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches, the Executive Committee of the Middle East Council of Churches, also several ecumenical committees on local, regional and world levels. He attended as delegate the Nairobi (1975), Vancouver (1982), Canberra (1991) and Harare (1998) Assemblies of the World Council of Churches. At the Canberra Assembly he is elected the Moderator of the central and executive Committees of Jie World Council of Churches being the first orthodox and the youngest person to elevate to the highest position within the structures of the WCC. At Hara-e he is reelected as Moderator of Central and executr e committees of the WCC. A u t h o r of "The will of Rebuilding" (Armenian), "The Witness of Armenian Church in a Diaspora Situation" (English), "The Christian Witness at the Crossroads in the Middle East" (English), "With the People" (Armenian), "Conciliar Fellowship: A Common Goal" (English), "Orthodox Perspectives" (English), The Challenge to be a Church in Changing World (English), In Search of Ecumenical Vision (English), L'Eglise face au grands défis (French), The Armenian Church Beyond the 1700th Anniversary (English), "Justice, Paix, Reconciliation" (French), "Mission of Faith" (Armenian), as well as several articles in Armenian, french, english, arabic and Swedish periodicals. Addr.: The Armenian Catholicosate, Antelias, Tel.: 04-410001-3, 523461/64, Fax: 04-410002, 419724, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

(1980, Cyprus), Prelacy of the Amenian Apostolic Church of America (1981, N.Y., U.S.A.), Dikranian Hall (1981), California, U . S . A ) , A . G . B . U . Art Gallery (1981, Hollywood, U.S.A.), Nihaco Galleiy (1982, Lebanon), Hilton International Gallery (1983, Cyprus), A.G.B.U. Art Gallery (1983, Toronto, Canada), Nihaco Galleiy (1984, Lebanon), Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia, Gulbenkian Hall (1985, Lebanon), A.G.B.U. Garmirian School's Hall (1987, Lebanon), Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia, Gulbenkian Hall (1988, Lebanon), Gallery " L e s Cimaises" Holiday Beach (1988, Lebanon), Hilton International Gallery (1989, Cyprus), Hilton International Gallery (1990, Cyprus), Rogmi Gallery (1990, Cyprus), Al Muntada Gallery (1991, Lebanon), Tekeyan Center Hall (1992, Lebanon), Gallery " L e s Cimaises" Holiday Beach (1993, Lebanon), Gallery " L a Toile" Rimai (1994, Lebanon), Gallery " L a Toile" Rimai (1995, Lebanon), Gallery Siran Manouguian (1996, Lebanon) Gallery " L e s Cimaises Holiday Beach (1999, Lebanon), Gallery Surface Libre(2004, Lebanon), Gallery Surface Libre(2005, Lebanon). Collective exhibitions: Phoenicia Hotel (1974, Lebanon), St. Elie Cathedral Debbas Square (1975, Lebanon), Chahine Galleiy (1980, Lebanon), A.T.C.L. (1980, Lebanon), Sao Paoulo (1981, Brazil), Hotel Alexandre (1982, Lebanon), Chahine Gallery (1982, Lebanon), Gallery d'Art 3M. (1988, Lebanon), Gallery " L e s Cimaises" (1988, Lebanon), Gallery d'Art 3M (1989, Lebanon), Gallery Surface Libre(2005, Lebanon). The New Testament 64 works (Sanguine Chalk) reproduced in video Film. Exposed works: Armenian Prelacy in Lebanon: The Translators, Christianity in Armenian, The First Baptism in Armenia(oil 145 χ 195 each), Mekhitarist Father's Church, Bikfaya, Lebanon: L a Madona de la Vigne (Fresco 350 χ 220), Seigneur Prends Pitie (oil 470 χ 190), Le Baptême (oil, circular 100 χ 100cm); Mekhitarist Father's Church, Raouda, Lebanon. Ste. Rita (oil 240 χ 360), L a Cène (oil 470 χ 240), St. Vartan(240 χ 150), Mother and Child(50 χ 70), Mother and Child (100 χ 70); Levonian School (Rome, Italy). Etchmiadzine Cathedral (IVth Q), Heripsimiants Church (Vllth C.), Aghtamar St. Khatch Church (Xth C.), St. Garabed Monastery (IXth C.)(oil 80 χ 100 each); Mekhitariste Convent (Vienna, Austria): L a Madone; L'Enfant et la Pomme; St. Lazzaro Museum Venice, Italy: L'Annonciation (oil 60 χ 100 cm), Apparition (oil 50 χ 200 cm), Post Christ, Devant la Croix (200 χ 120), Apparition de la Vierge à Mekhitar(480 χ 340), Premier Pas de Mekhitar(480 χ 340); National Museum (Syria): Les Aigles, Bouquet de Fleur; Cyprus Presidential Palace: Milky Way, The Sun, Between; Armenian Holy Martyrs Church (California, U.S.A.): L a Madone de la Vigne(140 χ 100), St. Gregoire(300 χ 150), St. Bartholome(300 χ 150); The Holy Virgin Church (Nicosia, Cyprus): L'Annonciation(80 χ 70), Descente de la Croix (240 χ 150), Ressurrection, Tatios et Bartholômios, L'Alphabet(240 χ 150 each), St. Gregoire L'Illuminateur,

K E S H 1 S H I A N ( K r i k o r Z o h r a b , K r i k o r ) , Artist, Painter. Born on 18 Apr. 1943 in Aleppo (Syria). Son of Krikor (Sarkis) Keshishian (transport Owner) and Mrs., née Gurju Pan-Oglouian. Education: Mesropian School, Gemaran College, Academic painting studies. Dipl.: Greek Atelier Sirios in Aleppo, Italian Atelier Juliano in Lebanon, Faculté des Beaux Arts Kaslik. C a r e e r : International Artist, Art Professor. Other Informations: Cinematographic Posters and theatre decoration; Private exhibitions: Bristol Hotel (1972, Lebanon), National Museum (1973, Aleppo), May Flowers Hotel (1973, Lebanon), National Conservatory (1973, Lebanon), St. Vartan School (1974, Kuwait), National Conservatory (1975, Lebanon), Stylart Gallery (1977, Lebanon), Nihaco Gallery (1980, Lebanon), Hilton International Gallery

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KETTANEH

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

St. Georges(130 χ 110 each), Baptême, Supper of Emmaus(220 χ 150 each), Virgin Mary(180 χ 120); St. Stephan Church (Larnaca, Cyprus): St. Gregoire (190 χ 140); St. Vartan Church (Kuwait): Baptême du Christ(80 χ 70); The Great House of Cilicia (Antelias, Lebanon); Holy Virgin of the Wheat(160 χ 115); St. Krikor Loussavoritch(117 χ 97); St. Hagop Church (Ashrafieh, Lebanon): The Annuciation(100 χ 81); St. Gayane and St. Hripsime Church (Jbeil, Lebanon): Holy Mary with st. Gayane and St. Hripsime(180 χ 120);St. Georges(145-97); St. Haroutioun Church (Jounieh, Lebanon) Mesrop Machdotz(117 χ 97); Melkonian Establishment (Nicosia, Cyprus): The Bird, The Hill; St. Hagop Church (Montreal Canada); St. Krikor De Nareg (oil 230 χ 145cm). Some of his Collectors are: King Hussein of Jordan, President Emile Lahoud, President Spiro Kypriano, Princesse Machaal Ben Abdel Aziz, President of the House of Parliament Vassos Lyssarides, S.S. Catholicos Karekin I, S.S. Catholicos Aram I, Bishop of Lebanon Kegham Katcherian, Archbishop of N.Y. -U.S.A. Mesrop Achdjian, Archbishop of California U.S.A. Yeprem Tabakian, Archbishop of Cyprus Zareh Aznavourian. Printed private stamps: The Annunciation, Descent From the Cross.The Resurrection, Tatios and Bartholome. The Armenian Alphabet, St. Gregoire L'illuminateur. The Last Supper, Vahan Mamigonian. Illustration of Books: Sunday Reading Bible, Forty Holy Subjects from the Bible. St. Hripsime, Explanation on "Our Father" edifiying short stories, Apr., Abhasou an Matar, Al Thalj Yamhou Khoutaha (Dr. Joseph Assaf) and several book covers . Medals and Decorations: First Exhibition Golden Palette (1972), Gold Medal of St. Mekhitar (1975, Venice, Italy); Who's who international silver medal 2002. His biography is published in the International Directory of 500 Worlds Leaders of Influence both edit by A.B.I. Raleigh, NC (USA), and in the International who's who in the 21st Century (Cambridge, England 2002). Hobbies: Music, antiquity collecting, reading, private video film director. Prof. Addr.: Atelier Zohrab, Ibn Rabih Str., Mar Mikhael, Nahr, Tel.: 01-446604, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Zohrab Keshishian, Zabounian Bldg., 2nd floor, Ibn Rabih Str., Mar Mikhael, Nahr, Tel.: 01-447068, 563018, Beirut, Lebanon; Zohrab Keshishian, St. Elie Str., 3rd floor, Dik et Mehdi, el-Metn, Tel.: 04-910354, 03621904, Lebanon.

to Dec. 1968, Honorary Member of the Baaibeck Committee since Jan. 1969. Honours and Decorations: Commander of the British Empire; Commdr., Order of the Italian Republic; Knight, Légion d'Honneur (France); Officer, Ordre de Leopold II de Belgique; Arts et Lettres France; Gold Medal, Lebanese Merit. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box. 110-242, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Yarzé, Villa Aimée Kettaneh, Tel.: 05-922043, 922046, Lebanon. KETTANEH (Nabil), Manager of Companies, Chevalier de l'Ordre de Malte. Born on Jan. 12,1946, Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Charles Kettaneh (deceased in 1985) and Mrs. Aimée born Michel Achou. Married in July 1972 at Aley to Miss Nayla born Wadi Kassatly, 1 child, Michael (Jan. 25, 1989). Educ.: Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes, Lycée, Frères Maristes; Bac - Philo: Lycée Camot - Paris; American University of Beirut - INSEAD Fontainebleau. Dipl.: AUB: BbA, 1972; INSEAD: MbA, 1974. Career: 1972:1 year Siemens A.G. -Munich - Retail Bavaria/Accounts Control; 1974: Ets. F.A. Kettaneh, Beirut: Secretary General and Responsible for Industrial Ventures (Saudi Arabia); 1980: Ets. F.A. Kettaneh, Beirut: Assistant to the General Manager; 1984: Ets. F.A. Kettaneh, Beirut; Chairman of the Board; Ets. Kettaneh Construction, Lebanon: Chairman of the Board; Kettaneh Group Holding, Luxembourg: Chairman of the Board and Chief Operations Officer. Work: Ets. F.A. Kettaneh (Kettaneh Frères), Dora; Kettaneh Group Holding Luxembourg. Sports: Swimming, ski, tennis. Hobbies: Reading, classical music. Member: Faqra Club, A.T.C.L., Rassemblement des Dirigeants et Chefs d'Entreprises au Liban, Association des Commerçants. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa Card. Prof. Addr.: Ets. F.A. Kettaneh (Kettaneh Frères) SA, Dora, Kettaneh Bldg., P.O.Box 110-242, Tel.: 01- 255860, 255871, Fax: 01255891, 259531, Beirut, Lebanon. KETTANEH (Nadia), Born in Cairo. Married to Mr. Désiré Kettaneh, 3 children: Tarek, Nizam and Ishtar. Career: Committe Member of several philanthropic touristic and artistic societies. Awards: Officer, Order of the Cedar; Knight, Legion of Honor, Officer, Taj Order of Iran; Jordan Star; Dame de Grèce Magistrale; Sovereign and Military Order of Malta. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh, Rue No.l, Rue Chucri Chammas, Villa Kettaneh, Tel.: 04412490, Lebanon.

KETTANEH (Aimée), Born in Lebanon. Daughter of Michel Achou and Mrs., née Emilie Matar. Married on 26 June 1943, to Mr. Charles Kettaneh (industrialist and company director), 3 children: Nayla (Dipl. Sciences Politiques, Paris. Married Mr. Stephan Kunigk), Nabil (Dipl. Insead, Fontainebleau married) and Charles Jr. (Dipl. Insead, Fontainebleau married and deceased). Educ.: French Protestant College of Beirut, International College. Dipl.: Faculty of Law of Jesuite School, Beirut. Career: President of Baalbeck Festival from its inception

KFOURY (Philippe), Economist & Contractor. Born on Nov. 4, 1940 in Alexandria (Egypt). Son of Robert Kfoury (Engineer & Industrialist) and Mrs. Georgette Diab. Married on Mar. 21, 1974 to Giselle Bechara, 2 daughters: Jihane (8 Sept. 1975), Danièlle (8 Mar. 1978). Educ.: Victoria College (Egypt), Brummana High School (Lebanon), Applegarth (Surrey, England). Dipl.: Architecture (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), BBA in Business & Economics (Parsons College), BIM 194

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

KHALIFE

from Thunderbird Institute of International Management Arizona), MIM in International Marketing, Economics and Management. Career: Sales Manager "Zaidan House" Beirut 1968; Vice-President "Zaidan & Kfoury Constructors" Montreal (Canadá) 1970; Vice-Chairman of the Boards of Directors & Director "Zaidan House Group" Lebanon 1975; Vice-president, Samaha & Kfoury Construction Co. 1980; Computer & Management Consultant 1989; Purchasing Manager, Debbas Enterprise s.a.l. 1994. Sports: Tennis and fishing. H o b b y : Music. Addr.: Trabaud Str., Ashrafieh, Georges Atallah Bldg. 6th floor, (facing Restaurant Yaso), Tel.: 01-332902, 328844, Beirut, Lebanon.

(1985-95); elected Archbishop in Lebanon for the Armenian Orthodox Community. Addr.: Armenian Catholicosate, Antelias, Lebanon. K H A L A F (Abbas, Michel), Businessman, official. Born in 1934 at Souq al-Gharb, Lebanon. Married, three children. Educ.: Public Administration, American University of Beirut. Career: Minister of Economy and Commerce(1974-1975);Retired Regional Chief Executive Officer, American International Group (AIG), Retired Chairman and President of American Life Insurance Company (Alico)- Middle East Africa and South Asia. Honorary Director Alico. Addr.:P.O.Box 13-6624, Telefax: 01-792706, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHADIGE (Charles), Former Representative of Air France in Lebanon. Born on 8 May 1931 in Beirut. Son of Bechara Khadige (Master Tailor, deceased) and Mrs., née Marie Habra. Married in Teheran on 30 Dec. 1957 to Teresa Miceli. Educ.: Collège de la Sagesse, Arts et Métiers. Dipl.: Electro Mechanic studies. Career: Air France (since Jan. 1953), held different posts in Commercial Traffic fields; Aerial operations (until 1976) and Representative of Air France in Lebanon (1977-until 1995); former Counsellor for Air France. Decor.: National Order of Merit. Priv. Addr.: Tabaris, St. Coeurs Str., Mansour Ferzli Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-335646, 202534, Beirut, Lebanon.

K H A L A F (Simon), M.D. Rhumatologist. Born on 24 Apr. 1922 at Aley (Lebanon). Son of Georgi Khalaf (tradesman) and Mrs. Nazira Khalaf. Married (The last) 1980 at Beirut to Atefa al-Arja. Educ.: Universal College of Aley, Sacred-Heart College of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine (St. Joseph), „French Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Dipl.: Lebanese and French Bacs, 1st and 2nd party (Mat. Elem.) in Beirut, M.D., French Faculty of Medicine, Beirut (1949), Aggregate from the Faculties of France (1974). Career: M.D., Rhumatologist, Assistant rhumatologist of Hotel Dieu de France Hospital of Beirut; Lecturer, French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut; Intern of the Hospitals of Beirut (1947-49); Clinical Chief at the Faculty of Beirut (195153); Assistant at the Hospitals of Paris (1953-57); appointed Lecturer-aggregate from the Universities of France in Rhumatology since 8 May 1974; Former Professor Titular of Rhumatology at the Faculty of Medicine, USJ (1975); presently Honorary Professor. Private Cabinet: Ashrafieh, Yussuf Sursock Str., Dfouni Bldg., Hotel-Dieu: Practitioner Rhumatologist Counsel. Pubi.: Wrote a number of studies for medical journals, as well as papers on rhumatism and osteoarticular diseases. Award: Gold Medal of Social Merit. Sports: Jogging, swimming and horseriding. Hobbies: Reading, fishing. Member: President of the "société Libanaise de Rhumatologie", Member of the "Ligue Internationale Centre de Rhumatism (ILAR). Addr.: Ashrafieh, Yussuf Sursock Str., Dfouni Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-584858, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHAIRALLAH (Samir, H.), Architect, Academic. Born in 1935 in Lebanon. Educ.: International College of Beirut, B.A. (Arch.) University of California at Berkeley. Career: Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture at the American University of Beirut (1960-74), visiting Lecturer at the College of Architecture and Fine Arts of the University of Damascus (1963-66), Director of Syntax International a hospitality, health and leisure consultancy, Chairman and Board member of several corporate entities, Trustee and Board member of academic, civic and philanthropic institutions, Chairman of Samir Khairallah & Partners Architects, Planners and Engineers, founded in Beirut on 1960. Dist.: The Burlington Award for The US Embassy Residence at Yarzi in 1970, Agha Khan Nomination for the State Guest Palaces, Qatar in 1977 and Environmental Scheme Award for 147 Crowmwell Road, London in 1982. Member: Order of Lebanese Engineers and Architects. Prof Addr.: Khairallah Bldg. Brazilia, Baabda, P.O. Box: 160 Hazmieh Tel: 05-452793, Fax: 05-457271, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

KHALIFE (Mohamed, Jawad), M.D., Minister.. Born in 1961 in Sarafand, Lebanon. Married to Suzy Younes, 3 children: Jawad, Joanna & Lea. Educ.: Specialist General Surgery at the American University of Beirut(AUB);Higher studies in Surgery at Wanford University, UK; Higher studies and researches in the surgery of bloatedness and arteries;Higher studies in the surgery of body membranes and their implant, at King's College and Royal Free at University of London. Career: Speaker at the Department of Academic Surgery at

KHAJERIAN (Kegham, Mgr.), Archbishop. Born in 1962 in Beirut, Lebanon. Educ.: Lebanese University, Université Saint Esprit, Kaslik (USEK). Dipl.: Doctorate in Law and Theology. Career: Seminary at Antelias, Lebanon; Ordained priest in 1984; in Salónica, Greece

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Faculty of Medicine of St.THOMAS at the University of London; Professor at the Faculty of Medicine at the American University of Beirut and Chief of General Surgery and the implant of liver; has done the 1st Surgery operation of an implant of liver and created a program for that purpose; Appointed Minister of Health & Social Affairs(2005- ). Award: Commander, National order of Cedar. Addr.: American University of Beirut, and Ministry of Health, Mathaf, near the Military court, Beirut, Lebanon.

Ambassador of Lebanon to Iran (Sept. 1971, Sept. 1978); Ambassador of Lebanon to the Federal Republic of Germany (Oct. 1978-July 1983), Director General of Legal Affairs and research at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut (1983-85). Ambassador of Lebanon to the Netherlands (Sept. 1985-90); Ambassador of Lebanon to Turkey (1991-94) resigned from the diplomatic corps on June 21, 1996. Sports: Tennis, ski, shooting etc. Addr.: Badaro, Sami Solh Str., Youssef Center Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01-391795/96, Fax: 01-381032, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHALIL (Ali Hassan), Member of Parliament and Minister. Born on July 1964 at Khiam, South Lebanon. Married to Soha Haidar Saleh, 3 children. Educ.: Licence in Law, Lebanese University. Career: Joined "Amai Movement" and assumed several responsiblities in its movement the latest in Beirut district; Member of the Board of "Elyssar"; Elected Deputy (1996-); Appointed Minister of Agriculture (2003-2005). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebànon.

KHALIL (Youssef), Urologist, Member of Parliament. Born in 1947 in Mayrouba, Lebanon. Married to Dr.Lena Rayess. Educ.: Ecole des Frères Maristes and Apostle College, Jounieh; University St. Joseph (U.S.J) at Beirut. Dipl.: Specialization in Urology in France. Career: Urologist; Elected Deputy of Kesrouan Ftouh in 1996 and 2000 but did not succeed, reelected in 2005-to date. Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Beirut, Lebanon and Jounieh/Kesrouan, Nairn Tabet Bldg., 1st Floor, Tel.: 09916485, Lebanon. Priv.Addr.: Jounieh, New Str., Nakouzi Bldg., Tel.: 09-952120, and Mayrouba, Youssef Khalil Bldg., Lebanon.

KHALIL (Antoine, Khalil), former Deputy. Born in Dbaye, 1950. Son of Khalil Khalil. Married to Miss Hélène Abi-Ali, 3 children. Educ.: Collège des Apôtres Jounieh, Lebanese University of Beirut. Dipl.: Enterprises Administration. Career: Member of the "Syrian Popular Party", Deputy of Baabda (1992-96). Hobby: Swimming. Addr.: Hamra, Lyon Str., Daouk Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01340377, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHANAMIRIAN (Souren, Léon), Director of companies, former deputy, former minister. Born on 28 Feb. 1924 in Beirut. Son of Léon Khanamarian and Mrs., née Asdghik Stephanian. Married on 28 July 1961 to Miss Magda Aki. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, Beirut, French Law Faculty. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: elected Deputy for Beirut (1960-64) and 1968 former director of al-Ahli Bank; director Comptoir National d'Epargne, d'Investissement et de Financement; of "Land and Water"; Chairman, United Garment Manufacturers SAL; Minister of Tourism (1973-75); Minister of Industry and Petroleum in Mr. Hoss Government (1989-90); Deputy (1992-96). Award: Gold Medal, Lebanese Order of Merit, Oct. 1964. Member: Lion's Club, Haig Club. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Art objects. Prof. Addr.: Arts et Metiers district, Sanayeh, Union Nationale Bldg., P.O.Box. 11-0900, Tel.: 01-736696, Fax: 01-736653, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Verdun Str., Tel.: 01-868870, 866121, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHALIL (Anwar, Mohamad, el-), Member of Parliament (Lebanon), former Minister. Born in Lagos (Nigeria) on Mar. 9,1938. Son of Mohamad el-Khalil. Married to Miss Layla Zayd al-Atrache, 4 children. Educ.: London University, London. Degree: LLM - 1959. Career: Businessman and Chairman of several companies in Lebanon and abroad, President of the Lebanese Cultural Union (1972-74); President of Union of Arab Banks (1983-89); Chairman Mak Holdings Ltd. (2002 till date); Appointed Member of Parliament in 1991, and elected in 1992 and in 1996 and 2000 to date; Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs (1992-May 1994); Minister for Administrative Reform (May 1994-Nov. 1996); Minister of Information (1998-2001) and Minister for the Displaced (1998-2001). Award: National Order of the Cedars, Rank: Commander. Prof. Addr.: Political: House of Parliament, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. Business: Mme-Curie Str., el-Khalil Bldg., Koraytem, 2037-6403 Beirut, P.O.Box 113-5816, Tel.: +961-1-866565, Lebanon.

KHAOUAM (Maurice, Joseph), Magistrate, "President of the General Council of discipline of Civil Servants" (Conseil General de discipline des Fonctionnaires). Born at Ghazir, Lebanon. Son of Joseph Khaouam and Mrs. Linda Naffah. Married in 1962 to Miss Dolly Baddour, 2 children: Maurice and Maya. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Licences in Lebanese and French Laws. Career: Lebanese Magistrate; Successively: President of the Court of 1st instance in Beirut; Judge of Summary procedure; Attorney General for Mount Lebanon; First President of Court of Appeal in Beirut; Public Attorney for the Republic; formerly,

KHALIL (Khalil, Kazem, el-), Diplomat. Born 8 Feb. 1941 at Tyre (Lebanon). Son of Kazem el-Khalil (Minister of Justice, also held all portfolios except Foreign Affairs and Finance; is MP since 1936) and Mrs., née Mouzayan Haidar. Educ.: Preparatory Section of AUB, American University. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Barrister,

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

President of the General Council of Discipline of State Civil Servants. Decor.: Commandeur, Patriarchal Cross of St. Peter the Apostle. Sports: Tennis and swimming. Priv. Addr.: Badaro, Henry Chehab Str., Notre Dame Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-395003, 427764, 422335, Beirut, Lebanon.

Addr.: Tallet al-Khayat, Amine Takieddine Str., Tel.: OSSI 5000, Beirut, Lebanon. KHATIB (Mounif), Former Deputy, Born at Shiba (South Lebanon) in 1939. Educ.: University. Career: School teacher, headmaster Shiba school, elected deputy for Marjeyoun (1972-92). Addr.: Comiche el-Mazraa, Zreik Str., Mahmoud Fakhiy Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01701701, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHAOULI (Raja, Najib), M.D. Born on 30 Jan. 1935 in Beirut. Son of Najib Khaouli and Mrs., née Widad Joujou. Married on 8 July 1959 to Miss Sumaya Makdissi, 1 child: Fadlo. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.Sc., M.D. Career: M.D., Assistant Professor of Medicine and Physiology at AUB. Act: Conducted a number of research works into renal electrolyte physiology. Member: Alpha Omega Alpha (Medical Honour Society), "Sigma Xi", Beirut club. Priv. Addr.: Jeanne d'Are Str., Makdissi Bldg., Tel.: 01-341733, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHATIB (Sami, Gen.), Former Minister of the Interior, former deputy of the bekaa region, President of Defence and Security parliamentary committee. Born in 1934 in Jeb-jannine, Lebanon. Married to Nassima Aouni, four children. Educ.: Military College graduate 1955. Career: Head of the Arab deterrent forces (1977-83); Promoted General in 1979, and later in 1989 to major general (Liwaa); Chargéd as commander in chief of the Lebanese Army from (9.11.88-28.11.89); then Minister of the Interior (from Dec. 24, 1990 until 30.10.92); Elected Deputy of the Bekaa Region on Aug. 23, 1992 to 20 June 2005, then elected President of Defence and Security Committee in Parliament reelected in 1996. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

KHATIB (Kassim Mohammad), Businessman. Born in 1932 in Mellaha, Lebanon. Married, three children. Educ.: B.A. in Management and Commercial Law (1962). Career: Teaching (1949-52); Administrative and Executive Management Positions (1953-69); Businessman, major shareholder of commercial and industrial groups; consultant for international companies (since 1970); Managing Owner General Development Establishment (GDE), Lebanon; Deputy President, Trading and Contracting Company, Tricon, United Arab Emirates; member of the Board of Directors of Tourism Development Groups Ltd (TDG), UK; Hugh MacRae (Builders) Ltd. Scotland; Engineering Building Materials Company, United Arab Emirates. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Hunting. Addr.: Manara, Hay el-Kobbe, Mohamed elKhatib Bldg.,'2nd floor, Tel.: 03-428518, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHATIB (Zaher, Anwar, al-), Former Deputy and former minister. Born in 1944. Son of Anwar al-Khatib (statesman). Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer, elected deputy for Chuf on the death of his father in 1970, reelected in 1972, in 1992 and in (19962000); appointed Minister of State for Administrative reform (Dec. 1990-May 1992). Member: Progressive Socialist Pary. Priv. Addr.: Mazraa., Elia Hanna Str., Freiha Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01-656696, 03-339394, Fax: 01-656712, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHATIB (Mohamed, el-), Director General of Tourism. Born on Feb. 15, 1937 in Jibjannine. Son of Badih el-Khatib (retired) and Mrs. Saada el-Khatib. Married in 1963 at Beirut to Fayza el-Charif, 2 children: Lara el-Khatib (1968). Educ.: PHD Philosophy, Samer elKhatib (1970), MBA - C.P.A. Secondary Studies: Baalbeck Secondary Schools, Syrian University, St. Joseph University - Beirut. Dipl.: Licence es Lettres, Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures D.E.S., Diplôme du "Centre International d'Etudes Supérieurs du Tourisme". Career: Chief at the Section of the Educational Radio Programs (1962-68); Head of Department for Tourism Equipment (1968-80); Government Delegate at the General Council of Discipline (1980-93); Director General of Tourism, Ministry of Tourism (June 1993). Other Information: Professor of the Arabic Literature, St. Joseph University (1966-75), Professor of Tourism at the Islamic University of Beirut. Sports: Golf. Hobby: Golf. Member: Golf Club of Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Rue Uruguay, Makassed Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-987515, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv.

KHAWAJA (Antoine, Sarkis), Banker. Born in 1936 in Lebanon. Son of Sarkis Khawaja (former Army Officer) and Mrs., née Bétroun Sayegh. Married on 25 Apr. 1961 to Miss Maria Soussa, 4 children: Sarkis, Betty, Joseph and Michele. Educ.: secondary and higher. Dipl.: B.Bc. (Economy) and B. Corn. Career: Sub-manager Central Bank (Tripoli); Manager "Banque Libano-Bresilienne" (Tripoli); President of Beirut Stock Exchange (Jan. 1972Aug. 1994); former President of the Union of Arab stock exchange; President of "Centre des Archives Nationales" since 31/8/1994 to 30/11/99; President General Manager of the "Public Agency for the Planning and Development of Beirut South-Western Suburbs"; Nominated the 12th of Mar. 2003 as Advisor to the President of the Council of Ministers for Monetary and Banking Affairs. Prof. Addr.: Iskandarani Bldg., Airport Road, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Zghorta, Tel.: 06-660112, Lebanon. KHAWAM (Antoine, Youssef), Industrialist, insurer. Born in 1928 at Ghazir, Ftouh Kesrouan, Lebanon. Son of

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Youssef Khaouam (rentier) and Mrs., née Linda Lutfallah Naffah. Married in 1955 in Beirut to Miss Josette Gellad, 3 sons: Joseph, Georges, Michel. Educ.: St. Joseph University, Beirut. Career: President, Director General of Sécurité Insurance and Reinsurance, Owner and General Manager of COC, President and General Manager of Brasserie du Levant, member of board of companies. Hobbies: Gardening and old books. Credit Cards: Carte Bleue, Visa. Addr.: Sécurité: Sin el-Fil, Centre Gedco 3, P.O.Box 166499, Beirut, Tel.: 01-485295/6/7/8/9, 485315/16/17. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh, Tel.: 04-410253, Lebanon.

1979", "Abou Calypse, 1980", "Badda Bourn, 1981", "Finite, 1982-83", "Satlevision, 1984-85", "Sam Kay Show, 1985-86", "Azme Express, 1986-87", "Zagzig, 1987-88", "Bouquet de Paix, 1989", "Je vous salue Paris, 1990" (in France), "Libanofolie, 1990" (in Canada), "Jnouna Park, 1991-92", "Soiree de la Croix-Rouge, 1992" (in Johan-nesbourg), "Sahret Ras el-Kam, 199394", "Soiree de la Croix-Rouge, 1995" (in Chile), "Diet Peace, 1995-96", "Baiavision, 1997-98", "Clip Sandwich, 1997-98-99". "Crazy Night for Miss Europe, 1999", "Oktoberfest, 1999", "Count-down before 2000, 1999". "Cirque-Conférence, 2000", "Dégoût et des Couleuvres, 2001", "La Rigolette, Stand up-comedy et piano-bar interactif' à la rue Sursock, Achrafié; "Laughter taste"at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston-Texas(2004), and numerous shows in Guinea, Tunisia and Switzerland (2003-2005); Copywriter in Trust Co. (1989, 1994); in charge of "Sound Illustration Courses" at ALBA University (since 1991). Works: Author of Shows and Satirical Books, Author of a Master Memory on the "Les Ressorts du Comique en Franbanais". Founder-President of the Society for the Protection of Animals (SPA). Member:Security Council in United Animal Nations (Geneva). Awards:Prix du Mérite(United Animations, Switzerland, 1981); Fakhreddine al-Kabir(Tripoli, 1994); Camara di Diputados(Chile, 1995); Union Libanesa Cultural Mundial(Chile, 1995). Priv. Addr.: Beit-Mery, Deir el-Kalaa, Tel.: 04-870902, 03-240321, 760796, Lebanon, E-mail: [email protected].

KHAWAND (Louis), Professor USEK. Born on Nov. 22, 1939 at Saydoun (Jezzine), South Lebanon. Son of Melhem Tanous and Mrs., née Marroun Youssef Boutros. Educ.: Primary, Complementary, Secondary Studies: Scolasticat Saint Esprit - Kaslik (1951-59); Philosophy and Theology C.A.P. Primary studies, Saint Esprit - Kaslik University (1960-66), Doctor at Alfonsianum - Roma. Career: 2-6 Sept. 1984: Congress ATEM at Chantilly (France); 2-6 Sept. 1987: Congress ATEM at Orsay (France), Ethyciens & Moralists at Passau (D); Aug.-Sept. 1993 (4 congress on Morality: Acireale -Bordeaux Salzburg - Tübingen; Moraltheology - Professor (USEK); Author : "Le Pardon dans la Messe Maronite"(The Pardon of the Maronite Mess), Biblio USEK, no.XV, Kaslik, 1988; "Moralité, Liberté et Charité"(Morality, Freedom & Charity) 2nd edition, Faculté Pontificale de Théologie, n.9 Kaslik, 2005, and author of several articles and books. Other information: Occasional Conferences Meetings for the ("Synode pour le Liban"), Many articles and Radio & Television Sequences. Hobby: Ping-pong. Prof. Addr.: USEK - Jounieh, Tel : 09-640664,640665; Couvent NotreDame de Tamiche, Dick el Mehdi, North Metn, Lebanon.

KHAZEN (Amine, Kesrouan, al"), Former Diplomat. Born in 1941 in Ajaltoun (Lebanon). Son of Kesrouan al-Khazen (Mohafez of North Lebanon, Moutasarref of Mount Lebanon, one of the principal founders and president of the National Bloc Party between 1946 and 1952) and Mrs. Juliette al-Khazen. Married in 1985 to Miss Marella Marcel Namour. Educ.: St. Joseph University, French Lycée, Faculty of Law (St. Joseph). Dipl.: Licencíate in Law. Career: Lawyer (1966-83); Ambassador of Lebanon "Hors cadre" at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (since Sept. 1983); Director of the service "Rayonnement Libanais" at the Ministry (July 1984 -May 1985); nominated Ambassador of Lebanon to Mexico (May 1985 - July 1990); Ambassador Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the United Nations in Geneva (July 1990 - Mar. 1999); Dean of the Arab Diplomatic corps in Mexico (1988-90); Member of the Lebanese delegation at the General Assembly of the United Nations in N.Y. (1992-93-94-95-96-97-98); Representative of Lebanon at many international conferences. Awards: Doctor Honoris Causa of the Academy of International Law - Mexico. Decoration: "Palme Académique de la Légion d'Honneur du Mexique". Sports: Tennis, swimming. Hobbies: Reading, history and politics. Credit Cards: American Express, Eurocard and Visa. Prof. Addr.: Kallot Bldg., Sami el-

KHAYATH (Samy, Albert), Artist. Born 2 Dec. 1943. Son of Albert Khayath (Senior Civil Servant) and Mrs., née Alex» Chami. Married on 12 July 1974 to Miss Nayla Bechara, 2 children. Educ.: Our Lady of Jamhour College; St. Joseph University of Beirut; Higher School of Letters, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle. Dipl.: LL.B. (1968); Bachelor Political Science (1971); Bachelor Letters (1972); Master Letters (1974) "Doctorat d'Etat" in Linguistics (under preparation at the Sorbonne). Career: Joined the management of "Banque de l'Industrie et du Travail" (1963-69); Member of the staff of "L'Orient" newspaper (1968) and "Magazine" (1969); Director "Public Relations at the Lebanese World Cultural Union" (1969-71); Artist: Author Producer and Performer of: "Eh Out, 1966", "Un Siphon Fond Fond, 1967", "De Cujus, 1968", "Les Marrants shows, 1970", "Salam... Use, 1971", "Chambre des Futes, 1972", "Gala-Ghala, 1973", "Gaz Gazna, 1974", "Fia Mafia, 1975", "Tout Beit-Mery Chante, 1976", "Pax Ba'a, 1977", "Super-Choir, 1978", "Chaud à Genève, 1979" (in Switzerland), "Yes for Lyess, 198

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Solh Av., Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh (Metn), Str. No. 35, Bldg. No. 18, Tel.: 04-416563, 524488, 03-704666, Lebanon.

Saudi Arabia; Member of the Board of Directors of Solidere (société Libanaise pour le Développement et la Reconstruction du Centre Ville de Beyrouth); Chairman of the Lebanese Contractors Syndicate; Chairman of Automobile Touring Club of Lebanon (A.T.C.L.); Chairman of Cooperative Libanaise de Développement (C.L.D.). Prof. Addr.: C.A.T. Bldg., P.O.Box 11-1036, alArz Str., Saifi Quarter, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: 01449910/1/2/3/4/5, Fax: 01-446519. Priv. Addr.: Reyfoun, Tel.: 09-953188/9, 950006, Lebanon.

KHAZEN (Elias, Choucrallah, al-), Former Deputy. Born at Ajaltoun in 1926. Son of Choucrallah al-Khazen (M.D.) and Mrs., née Claire Youssef al-Khazen. Married to Miss Boustany, 3 children. Educ.: Secondary. Career: Businessman, elected deputy for Kesrouan, 1964, 1972, 1992 and in 1996; Minister of the Interior in Mr. Hoss Government (Nov. 1989-90). Priv. Addr.: Ghadir, Emir Farid Bldg., Tel.: 09-930500, 935414, Jounieh, Lebanon.

KHAZEN (Ramez, Youssef, al-), Civil servant. Born at Zghorta in 1929. Son of Youssef al-Khazen. M a i l e d to Miss Consuelo Ghosn. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (1954), B.Sc. (physics and chemistry). Career: Lawyer (1957-71), president of Zghorta Municipality until 1971, director general of Information (Mar. 1971), Section Director General at the Presidency (Apr. 1977). Award: Grand Cross, Honour and Merit Order of Haiti, 1972. Addr.: Jdeideh, Municipality Highway, Yerevanian Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-888385, 888384, Beirut and Tripoli, Tel.: 06-626626, Lebanon.

KHAZEN (Farid), Member of Parliament. Born in Lebanon. Married, with children. Educ.: Licence in Economy from Missouri University (U.S.A., 1980); Doctorate and Masters in International Relations from Johns Hopkins University, Washington (1982 and 1987). Career: Professor in Political Sciences, American University of Beirut (since 1988); President of Political Sciences and General Management, AUB (2000); Coordinated the Political Church Committee at the Patriarchate Assembly (2004-05); Member of the Board of the Maronite Research and Document Center; Member of the Pontifical Committee for the Propagation Affairs; Founder / Member of Editorial Staff "National Defence Magazine" (1989-90); Founder / Member at the Human Rights Institute (since 1989); Editor-in-chief of the Magazine "Abhath" (1989-96). Pubi.: Author of: "Tafakok Awsal Dawleh fi Loubnan 1967-1976" (Dar An Nahar, 2002); "The Political Parties in Lebanon: Houdoud Tajribeh Dimocratieh" (Lebanese Research Center, 2003); The Electoral Parliamentary in Lebanon after the war, 1992-96-2000 "Dimocratieh bala Khiyar" (Dar An Nahar, 2000). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

KHAZEN (Wadih, el-), Company Chairman, VicePresident Central Maronite Council, Member Executive Committee National Block Party. Born on Aug. 14,1945, Baabdat, Lebanon. Son of Nemr el-Khazen (industrialist) and Mrs., née Loulou Faddoul. Married on June 26, 1969 in Beirut to Marie-Madeleine Khalil, 2 children: Elie, Cherine. Educ.: Collège des Frères du Sacré-Coeur, Beirut. M.B.A. George Washington University (Columbia College of Arts and Sciences), USA. Career: Lebanon: Chairman Intercredit S.A.L. (1970-75); Nigeria: Chairman International Beer and Beverages Industries. Acting Minister of Tourism(2005). Awards: Grand Prix Humanitaire de France, Croix de Chevalier, Ordre International du Bien Public, Croix d'Officier. Sports: Tennis, swimming, hunting. Hobbies: Travelling and reading. Member: Columbus Association since 1969 (founded by Pr. Kennedy). Credit Cards: American Express, (Gold) Visas. Priv. Addr.: Rabie, 2nd Avenue, After Banque Saradar, el-Khazen/Abou-Khater Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 04-403502, 405300, 200620, Lebanon.

KHAZEN (Farid,el), Lawyer, former Deputy, former Minister. Born in Jbeil, Lebanon. Educ.: Licence in Law. Career: Lawyer. Elected Deputy of Kesrouan (20002005); Appointed Minister of Tourism (2004-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. KHAZEN (Fouad, el-, Sheikh), Civil Engineer, President and Director of companies. Born on 27 Nov. 1934 in Reyfoun, Lebanon. Education: Primary & Secondary: Jesuites College of Beirut; University: ESIB (Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth); Degree (1959): Civil Engineer. Languages spoken: Arabic, English, French. List of Positions: Chairman of Banque de l'Industrie et du Travail (B.I.T.); Chairman of société Ho-teliere de Tourisme (al-Bustan Hotel); Chairman of société Financière et Immobilière du Port de Beyrouth (S.F.I.P.B.); Chairman of Pan Arabian Travel Services; Member of the Board of Directors of C.A.T. Holding S.A. (Contracting & Trading Holding); Chairman of Mothercat

KHAZEN (Walid, el-, Cheikh), Attorney-at-Law. Born on Sept. 5,1946 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Cheikh Chafic el-Khazen, Magistrate, General Director at the Ministry of Interior and Mrs., née Marie Massaad. Married in 1973 in Beirut to Gloria Ayoub, 4 children: Sary (1974), Chafic (1977), Nour (1980), Tayma (1985). Educ.: International College: Baccalaureate; Université St. Joseph: Licence in Lebanese Law; Université de Lyon: Licence in French Law; University College London: Postgraduate studies, Air & Space Law, International Law of the Sea, Carriage of Goods by Sea, Marine Insurance. Career: June 1968: Graduation, "Avocat Stagiaire"; June

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Work: Research into Sheehan disease. Member: International Academy of New York. Hobby: Music. Prof. Addr.: Hôpital Libanais, Geitawi, Tel.: 01-449400/403, Beirut, Lebanon and Badaro Str., Safa Bldg., Tel.: 01383838, 383899, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Wadi Chahrur, Tel.: 05-940245, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon.

1971: Admission to the Beirut Bar Association as "Avocat a la Cour"; Dec. 1971: Establishment of Law Offices; 1977-79: Non-Resident Partner with Wender Murase & White (Law offices in several cities such as: N.Y. City, Washington DC, L.A., London, Paris, Tokyo, Toronto, etc...). Other Information: Consultant for many local and foreign companies; Experience in Private International Law & Business Law. Sports: Swimming, horseriding. Hobby: Reading. Clubs: Yarzé Country Club, ATCL, Aeroclub, Metropolitan Club. Credit Cards: Master Card, Visa Premier . Affiliations: Knight in Obedience of The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes And of Malta. Prof. Addr.: President Elias Sarkis Avenue, Sarraf Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01200920/21/23, Fax: 01-200921, P.O.Box 16-5326, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: 1177, Doumany, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-200848, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

KHEIR (Saleh Kazem), Deputy in Lebanese Parliament for 32 years and lawyer. Born on 18 Aug. 1942 at Minieh, North Lebanon. Son of Kazem Kheir (Merchant and Landlord) and Mrs., née Wahida Kheir. Married to Miss Iman Sinjaba, (Professor at American University of Beirut) and President of CDC College, one son: Kizem. Educ.: Eltarbia Wa'l Taeleem College; Italian School; Milhim Tripoli College; Cairo University, Dep. of Law; graduate of Arab University, Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer (1968); involved in political field (1968); was elected deputy (1972-92), reelected in 1992 and in 1996 to 2005; member in three committees: Defence, Financial, Transportation and General Works. Sports: Horse-riding, swimming, hunting. Hobby: Car driving. Prof. Addr.: Tel.: 06-441193, 610083, Tripoli, Lebanon and Minieh, Tel.: 06-460333, 460444, North Lebanon. Priv. Jlddr.: Tel.: 06-460666, Minieh, North Lebanon.

KHËIR (Antoine, Albert), Judge, President of "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature" (CSM). Born in 1940 in Wadi Chahrour, Lebanon. Married to Eliane Robert Chucri, 4 children: Lynn, Albert, Dayane and Frederick. Educ.: University St. Joseph, Lebanese University, Lyon University (France). Dipl.: Licence in Lebanese Law and in French Law (1963); Doctorate in General Law (1964); Doctorate of Political Sciences (1965); Doctorate of State from Lyon University (1968). Career: Judge, Member of Constitutional Council (19942000); Legal Adviser of the Lebanese Delegation to Madrid Conference (1991); President of Chamber at the State Consultative Council (1991-2005); Representative of Lebanon at the International Conference for the French Constitutional Council in Paris (1997) in Libreville and Gabon (2000); Participated at Conference in Lebanon and Abroad; Appointed President of "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature" (2005-to date). Other Information: Professor of Law, Lebanese University (1968-78); Visiting Professor, Faculty of Law, Tunis University (1998-99); Visiting Professor, Faculty of Law, Université Paris XI Sceaux (1999-2000); Visiting Professor, Faculty of Law, Université René Descartes, Paris V (2002-2003); Visiting Professor, Faculty of Law, Université Paris I (PanthéonSorbonne) (2004-2005); Director of CEDROMA, Center of Law Studies for the Arab World being part of the Faculty of Law, University Saint Joseph, Beirut. Pubi.: Author of some articles and Books. Addr.: Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature, Sami Solh Avenue, Palace of Justice Bldg., 4th Floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHODR (Georges, H.E. Mgr.), Metropolite of Mount Lebanon. Born on 6 July 1923 at Tripoli (Lebanon). Educ.: Secondary and Higher. Dipl.: B.Com., Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate 1941), LL.B. Career: Lawyer in Tripoli (1944-46), went to Paris in 1947 where he studied Theology at St. Serge Orthodox Institute and graduated in theology, now preparing for Ph.D., in theology at the University of Strasbourg, ordained to the priesthood in (1954), went to Damascus Patriarchal before being transferred to Tripoli-Mina as Parish Priest in (1955), Lecturer at the Oecumenic Institute of Bossey in Switzerland, at the Catholic University of Washington, Lecturer at the Oecumenic Institute of Paris (1969), Lecturer (Arabic Civilisation) at the Lebanese University, Elected Metropolite Of Mount Lebanon in Feb. 1970; Chairman of the Board of ALBA. Pubi.: Wrote a number of books including "La Palestine Retrouveée", "Les Espérances en temps de Guerre", in addition to several articles in press media: "L'Orient", "Lissan alHal", etc. Member: Youth Department of the Church Oecumenic Council, attended several Oecumenic meetings in Amsterdam (1948), Evanston (1954), Upsala (1968), member of theology committee of "Faith and Constitution" Council, Secretry to Oecumenic Commission of Antioch Patriarchate, one of the founders and secretary general of the Orthodox Youth Movement. Resid.: Greek Orthodox Archbishopric, Broummana, route principale (near Restaurant Tannour), Tel.: 04862418/419, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon.

KHEIR (Nabih, Philippe), M.D. Born on Sept. 1930 in Beirut. Son of Philippe Kheir and Mrs., née Lilia Osta. Married to Miss Nicole Prevoteau, 1 child: Philippe. Educ.: al-Hikmah College of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Dipl.: M.D., specialization in endocrinology in Paris. Career: M.D. Endocrinologist, private clinic.

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Cards: A M E X C O . Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 1998, Broad Str., Monrovia, Liberia, Tel.: 227210/11, Mobile: +37747525255, 510167, Telefax: 231-226416, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Maameltein, Tel.: 03-311080, Lebanon.

K H O R A S S A N D J I A N (Marcelle), Chief Department in a Research Center. Born on Mar. 7, 1946 at Berhalioun (Lebanon). Daughter of Salim Abinader (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Malonia Massabni. Married on Aug. 30, 1970 in Beirut to Mr. Pierre Khorassandjian, 4 children: Mireille (10.8.76), Nadine (12.10.77), Marc (28.01.79), Agnes (21.01.86). Educ.: Institution Ste Anne des Sœurs de Besançon, Ecole Supérieure des Lettres Univ. - Lyon, Faculty of Pedagogy and Faculty of Fine Arts - U.L., Université D ' A i x - Marseilles (France). Dipl.: Doctorate in Linguistic, Institute of Oriental and Slavonic Studies. Career: 1969: Secondary Teacher, 1975: Head of French Dept. at National Center for educational research and development - Lebanese Ministry of Education; Professor of Linguistics at St. Joseph University (Lebanon) from 1977 till 1995; Professor of education at USEK from 1982 till 1995. Medals: Officier des Palmes Académiques (France). Sports: Swimming. Association: Lebanese

K H O U E I R I (Victor), Printer. Born in 1935 in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Son of George Khoueiri and Mrs., née Nassab Kik. Married in 1971 in Beirut to Jeanette Abou Rjeili, 3 children: Roger, Charles, Elie. Educ.: College de la Sagesse, Beirut. Dipl.: Printing Engineer. Career: Printer. Other Information: Printer of all Newspapers in Liberia. Hobby: Reading. Credit Cards: A M E X C O . Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 1998, Broad Str., Monrovia, Liberia, Tel.: 227210/11, Mobile: +37747525255, 510167, Telefax: 231-226416, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Maameltein, Tel.: 09-915498, Lebanon.

Association of teachers of French. Prof. Addr.: Tel.: 01683096, 683203/4/5/6, Fax: 01-683096, 683088/9, P.O.Box 55264, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: 01326780, 326194 (Tel./Fax), P.O.Box 16-6447, Beirut, Lebanon.

K H O U J A (Abdel-Aziz Muhieddine), Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Lebanon. Educ.: in Chemistry. Language: Arabic. Career: Professor at King Fahd University (1986), Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Turkey (1986-92); Ambassador to Russia (1992-96); Ambassador to Morocco (1996-2003); Ambassador to Lebanon (2003). Addr.: Saudi Embassy, Koraytem, Mme Curie Str., Villa Ezzeddine, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHORASSANDJIAN (Pierre), Expert in Information Technology (Computer). Born in 1945 in Beirut. Son of Dr. Garabed Khorassandjian (Dentist Surgeon) and Mrs., née Marie Tatoulian. Married in 1970 in Beirut to Marcelle Abinader, 4 children: Mireille, Nadine, Marc, Agnes. Educ.: Collège des Frères, Centre d'Etudes Mathématiques Univ. Lyon II - Claude Bernard (France). Dipl.: Maîtrise des Sciences Mathématiques, A E A (3rd Cycle) Maths. Career: (1969-83): Expert Lebanese Army (Computer & Statistics); (1983-88): Chairman - Information Technology USJ University; (1988-95): Chairman Computer Science N D U University; (1995-present): Director Academic Affairs A U C ; (198096): Consultant, Information Technology. Pubi.: Author of: HARF, ICP, AYAT, T X (Computer Software); H A R F : Arabie on PC (1986); ICP: Integrated Commercial Package (1985); A Y A T : Publishing of Qur'an for professionals (1992); T X : Text indexing for professionals (1994). Hobby: Chess. Associations: A C M , D P M A , A S M (USA). Priv. Addr.: 175, Saydeh Str., Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 16-6447, Tel.: 01-326780, 03-277582, Beirut, Lebanon.

K H O U R S H I D (Assad, Ezzat), Former vice-president of communications, M E A . Born in 1929 in Lebanon. Son of Izzat Khourchid (Protocol Counsellor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Married on 25 June 1953 to Miss Malika Izzedine Shawwa, 3 children: Izzat, Amira and Yasser. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Joined M E A (Middle East Airlines) where he filled several important posts in Lebanon and abroad, representing M E A in Istanbul, Baghdad and Cairo, Chief Public Relations Officer, personal assistant to G M (1967), former Vice-President of Communications. Member: Alumni club of A U B . Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Bridge. Addr.: Ras Beirut, California Str./off Bliss Str., Kheireddine and Ghannoum Bldg., rez-de-chaussée, Tel.: 01-374824, Beirut, Lebanon. K H O U R Y (Antoine, Selim), Cardiologist, Deputy. Born in 1938, Caza Jezzine, South Lebanon. Son of Dr. Selim Khoury. Married to Victoria Kanaan, 2 children: Selim and Zahi. Educ.: University St. Joseph, Université de Bordeaux (France). Dipl.: Licence in Medicine (1965) and in Cardiology (1968). Career: Doctor in Medicine, Cardiologist, Elected Deputy for Jézzine District in 1996 but did not succeed; Reelected in 2000-to date. Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon, and Clinic: Jounieh, Haret Sakhr, Near Athénée College, Tel.: 09-936480, Jounieh, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Jounieh, Haret Sakhr, Tel.: 09-636501, 03-

KHOUEIRI (Mansour, George), Industrialist, President of Sabonah Printing Press LTD., Monrovia, Liberia. Born in 1935 in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Son of George Khoueiri and Mrs., née Nassab Kik. Married in 1970 in Beirut to Gizelle Makhlouf, 3 children: Robert, Gilbert, Jinane. Educ.: College de la Sagesse, Beirut. Dipl.: Printing Industrial Engineer, Sweden. Career: Printer. Other Information: Printing of all Newspapers of Liberia. Sports practised: Water Ski. Hobby: Printing. Clubs: Elite Club of St. George Hotel, Beirut. Credit

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274999 and Saida, Riad Solh Str., Seaidé Bldg., Tel.: 07722662.

Directors of MEA from 1983 to 1992; Member of the Board of Directors of société des Grands Hotels du Levant SAL (St. Georges Hotel), Managing Director since 1994, and Chairman since 1998. Sports: Athletisme, horseriding, tennis, squash, snow & waterskiing, snow hiking. Hobbies: Model Airplanes Building & Flying, Boating & Electric Trains. Clubs: ATCL Lebanon, Advanced Motorist Association, U.K. Credit Card: Visa. Prof. Add.: CAT Co., P.O.Box 11-1036, Beirut, Tel.: 01360222, 365065, c/o Incotes Ltd., Wikfield House, 18-22 Disney Place, London SEI 1HJ, Tel.: 0171-4038260, U.K. Priv. Addr.: Yarzé, Beirut, Tel.: 05-921245; Paris, Tel.: 01-46476210.

KHOURY (Arlette, Selim, el-), Lyrical soprano artist; ex-professor of singing at national conservatoire (1942); Founder and President of "Solarium of Lebanon", social benevolent hospital for children & babies. Born on 22 Aug. 1914 at Manaos (Brazil). Daughter of late Jose Asian and Mrs., née Louise Lemaitre. Married on 6 Jan. 1934 to sheikh Selim el-Khoury, 3 children: Leny, Claudette and Mireille. Educ.: Philosophy, Sociology and Business Administration. Dipl.: B.A. in Business Administration from the Belgium University of Recife (Brazil), diploma of singing from the National Conservatoire of Music of Beirut (1939). Career: Lyrical Soprano Artist, Professor of singing at the said National Conservatoire (1942), Solist at ALBA's chorus, devoted to social work on behalf of the said hospital (President & Founder). Act: Sang in Beirut at the Grand-Theatre: opera "Mireille" under president Emile Edde; in Cairo at the Opera-House for King Farouk; Gave Classical concerts in several theatres & on TV in Beirut, Damascus, Aleppo, Jerusalem, in South, North and Central America and in Australia. Dist.: Laureate of the said conservatoire: "First Prize" for solo singers (1934). Award: "Lebanese Order of Merit" (1962). Priv. Addr.: Naccache Str., Lies Safi's Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 04-417505, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHOURY (Farid, Elias), Attorney-at-Law. Born 13 Oct. 1937 at Wadi Shahrour, Baabda (Lebanon). Son of Elias el-Khoury and Renée Baaklini. Married, two sons Philip and Michael. Educ.: Ecole St. Martin de France (Pontoise - France), Faculty of Law (U.S.J. - Beirut), Trinity College (Cambridge). Dipl.: LL.M. (Cantab). Career: Attorney-at-Law. Prof. Addr.: 261 Monot Str., Beirut 2027-4802, Tel.: 01-202005, Fax: 01-219535. Priv. Addr.: Nasra 1970 Bldg., deir Nasra Str., Beirut. KHOURY (Gabriel, Edmond), Businessman, merchant. Born in Nov. 1950 in Beirut. Son of Edmond Ph. Khoury (president, director general and director of several companies - commercial, maritime, industrial and insurance - and honorary consul of Austria) and Mrs., née Aida Soukayem. Educ.: Notre-Dame de Jamhour College, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.Sc. (Econ.) from AUB. Career: Vice-Consul of Austria in Beirut (1974); chairman, Ets. Edouard & Edmond Khoury SAL; Chairman société Libano-Française de Tapis SAL; former Director, société Libano-Autrichienne de Tubes SAL; Director, Medway Shipping Co. SARL; former Director, International Assurance Co. SAL. Chairman, Seven Seas Shipping Agencies SAL. Hobby: lithographies. Prof. Addr.: Semaani St., Khoury Bldg., Tabaris, Tel.: 01217710-1, P.O.Box 166589, Tel.: 01-201189, 03-377572, Beirut; Jounieh, Ste. Libano Française de Tapis SAL, P.O.Box 304, Tel. 09-830017/18. Priv. Addr.: Michel Bustros Str., Khoury Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-328732, 335805; Antelias, Tel.: 04-416528; Naccache, Tel.: 04418065, Lebanon.

KHOURY (Carlos), Former State counsellor, former director general of the presidency of the Republic. Born in 1934 in Lebanon. Educ.: secondary and higher. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: State Counsellor, (1962-75), Legal Counsellor to the Presidency of the Republic (1962-75), Director General of the Presidency of the Republic (197582); Vice-Chairman & General Manager of "Holcim SAL, formerly "société des Ciments Libanais". Prof. Addr.: Holcim SAL, Raymond Doumit Bldg., 6th and 7th floors, P.O.Box 4021 (Chekka), Tel.: 04-406507/8/9, Fax: 04411168, 522900, Antelias, and Tel.: 06-545266/277/288, Chekka, Lebanon. KHOURY (Fady), Chairman and Managing Director of Companies. Born on July 28, 1946 in Beirut. Son of Abdallah Khoury (founder Partner of CAT Co.) and Mrs., née Nadia Siriani. Married on Dec. 28, 1970 in Beirut to Claude Tarazi, 2 children: Abdallah & Karim. Educ.: College Protestant, Millfield & Loughborough Technical College, England, A.U.B. Dipl.: Business Administration, A.U.B. Career: Partner of CAT since 1964 activee from 1968; Chairman Managing Director, Chocolaterie et Sucrerie President S.A.L., Beirut in 1974; Member of Lebanese Industrialist's Association from 1977 to 1988; Member, Director of Union Nationale S.A.L., Founder and Chairman of Byblos Insurance Co. S.A.L. in 1975; Founder and Chairman of Mzar Immobilière pour le Ski et le Tourisme S.A.L. (MIST) 1980; Member of the Board of

KHOURY (Hamid, Said), former Director General of the Ministry of Social Affairs. Born in 1932 at Zghorta (Lebanon). Son of Said Khoury and Mrs., née Souraya Douaihi. Married in Jan. 1969 to Miss Berthe Georges Ghanem. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers of Tripoli, Faculty of Law. Dipl.: LL.B.. Career: Justice auxiliary in Beirut (1953-59), Caimacam at Marjeyoun (1959-62), at Matn (1963). Act.: delivered a number of lectures on Administrative Law and Municipal and Rural Questions. President of the Matn Higher Committee.

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Member: Lion's Club of Zghorta, Matn cultural committee. Sports: Tennis, volleyball, football (President of the Lebanese Football Federation), Aug. 1969. Hobbies: Music and outdoor games. Priv. Addr.: Naccache, Fouad Ayach Bldg., Tel.: 04-411421, Beirut suburb, Lebanon.

(1993-2002). Sports: Walking, cycling, swimming. Credit Card: Visa. Priv. Addr.: Kousba, al-Koura, Main Street, Tel.: 06-650163, Fax: 06-510610, Lebanon. KHOURY (Joseph, Basile), Civil servant. Born on 9 Jan. 1928 at Antioch (Syria). Son of Basile Khoury (M.D. and former deputy for Hatay) and Mrs., née Mariana Marine. Married in 1969 to Miss Monique de HEU, (Brussels), 2 children: Nathalie (Married on May 8,1994 to Doctor Youri Popovski residing in Geneva, Switerland) and Geraldine. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Businessman in Brazil (1951-58), journalist, Brazil correspondent of "Revue du Liban", public relations officer of the Turkish Sea and Air Agency (1960-62), head of the Emigrants Section in the Ministry of Information (1962), private secretary to the director general of the Ministry of Information (1965), in charge of the Foreign Press censorship and Control (1967-72), seconded to the Protocol Directorate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in July 1972, Chief of Protocol and Public Relations, at the Ministry of Information (1974); Owner since 1989 of a gallery of Russian Icons and Silver called "The holy Russia" at the Grand Sablón in Brussels. Awards: Commdr., St. Marc Order of Greece; Medal of Humanitarian Merit (France); National Order of Rumania (1974); Officer Association "Arts, Sciences & Letters" (affiliated to the French Academy (Paris) (1974)). Remark: Fluent in Arabic, French, English, Portuguese and Spanish; understands Turkish and Italian. Priv. Addr.: Rue du Liban, Yared Bldg., Beirut. Addr. in Brussels: Montgomery Square, 157 Avenue de Tervuren, 3rd floor, Tel.: 7360946, and 7369234, P.O.Box 8, Brussels 1150, Belgium. Office: Galerie St. Russie, Tel.: 5134434,8,9 Place du Grand Sablón, Brussels 1000, Belgium.

KHOURY (Issam), Former Minister of Defence, National Education and Fine Arts, Attomey-at-law, former President of the Lebanese Bar. Born in 1934 in Hadeth, Lebanon. Son of Fouad el-Khoury (former minister, deputy and president of the bar). Married to Me. Mar-celle Aoun. Educ.: Lycée Français - La Sagesse - and St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (1956). Career: President, Amicale de Droit (1955); Member, Council of the Bar Association (1972); Member, Corporation Fund (1972,1973, and 1974); President, Bar Association (Nov. 1981); Minister of Defence, National Education and Fine Arts (Oct. 8, 1982). Decorations Awards: Holder of the National Cedar Medal's of Commander Degree; Holder of the Supreme Golden PrizeMedal Award of the Lebanese Bar Association; Holder of the Holy's Grave's Scarf of Jerusalem Patriarchate. Prof. Addr.: Badaro/Sami Solh, 221 Alam Str., Noueihed & Gharazeddine Bigd., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-382371, 382376, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tel. 04-972141,Fax: 01-382371,E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. KHOURY (John Elias, el-), Former Director General, Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs. Born on Dec. 22, 1944 at Kousba, Lebanon. Son of Elias el-Khoury and Mrs. Jamile el-Khoury. Married on Feb. 24, 1971 at Kousba to Mona Ibrahim, 4 children: Lara (30.10.72), Elias (10.6.74), Tony (10.6.74), Leila (17.1.77). Educ.: Kousba Government School, Tripoli Boys School, Tripoli Secondary School, Lebanese University. Dipl.: Political Science and Administration. Career: Ministry of the Interior (07.04.75 - 14.06.93); During this period occupied the following positions: Chief of Department of North Lebanon for Municipal and Rural Affairs (07.04.75 20.04.93); President of the Committee of "Nahr el-Joz Irrigation" (7.7.1977 -30.9.1992); President of the Committee of "Drinking Water of Batroun Caza" (7.7.1977 - 3.12.1993); Acting Governor for North Lebanon (during the Absence of the Governor (3.6.1992); Governor of Becharre District (10.03.78 - 23.04.86); In charge of the Councils of dissolved Municipalities: Becharre, Hadchit, Bekaakafra, Bekarkacha and Barhalioun (10.03.78 - 23.04.86); In charge of the Councils of dissolved Municipalities: Kousba, Enfe, Rasmaska (12.08.86 - 13.05.91); Supplement Governor at the cazas of North Lebanon District (14.09.87 - 15.06.93); Governor of Akkar District (02.08.90 - 15.06.93); In charge of the Councils of dissolved Municipalities: Halba, Kobayat, Cheikh Mohamad, Bebnine, Tekrit, Jibrail, Fneidek, Beit Mellat (02.08.90 - 15.06.93); Director General, Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs

KHOURY (Joseph, Mgr.), Ecclesiastic. Born at Behwaita (North Lebanon) on Nov. 1,1936. Son of Rizkallah Khoury and Katar Isaac (both deceased) his father was awarded St. Gregory the great medal. Educ.: Attended St. Maron high school at Ghazir (Lebanon) studied philosophy and theology at the Propagation of the faith university (Rome). He was ordained maronite priest for the diocese of Tripoli By Cardinal Peter Agageanian Dec. 19, 1964 Rome). He obtained a doctorate in civil and canon law at St. John Lateran University. Post Doctora Studies: He further specialized studies in canon law at the supreme tribunal of Rota. He obtained a diploma in moral theology and in the history of atheism from the gregorian university. At the service of the Holy See he filled the following functions: Counsellor at the Congregation for the Oriental Churches 1969 in charge sucessively of the Coptic, Ethiopian, Chaldean, Greek-Catholic and Latin of Middle East Churches; Counsellor on the Pontifical Council for Islamo-Christian Dialogue (1976-95); Counsellor for the Commission dealing with the affair of the family; Defender of the bond at the Congregation of the 203

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Sacrements and in certain cases of the Rota tribunal (197595); Member of the Commission for the traduction in arabic of Papal documents. Member of the Pontifical Council for Islamo-Christian Dialogue (1996); He represented the Holy See in many International congresses. Teaching: He taught in a variety of Roman scholastic institutions: Propagation of the faith university, Benedictin institute of St. Anselm in Rome, Ecclesiastic institute Regina Mundi in Rome (1976-96). The following subjects: Western and Eastern canon law, History of Islamic philosophy, Atheism in the contemporary arab cultures, The arabic and syriac languages. Pubi.: "Rotai decisions in eastern cases", "History of Islamic philosophy", "Commentary on the law of religious in western canon law". In preparation: "A commentary on the code of canon of the eastern churches". Pastoral Career: He was nominated titulary Bishop of Kara (Conocora) and apostolic visitor for the Maronites of western and northen Europe by Pope John-Paul II on July 7,1993 and was consecrated bishop by his Beatitutde Mar Nasrallah Sfeir at Bkerke (Lebanon) Sept. 4, 1993. He was appointed apostolic administrator of St. Maron Eparchy on Feb. 7, 1996 and named Eparch on Nov. 24, 1996 by His Holiness Pope John Paul II and bishop for resident Maronite in Canada. Languages: Arabic, Italian, French, English, Syriac and Latin. Addr.: c/o Maronite Patriarchate, Bkerke, Lebanon, and 1247 rue Grenet, Montreal H4 J 2K4, Canada.

chaired from 1964 to the end of 1971; Appointed Minister of Information and Defence in Rachid Karame Government (1966-68); Co-Founder of Banque LibanoFrançaise and has been its Vice-Chairman for several years; Consultant to a number of European firms; Appointed personal representative of the President of the Republic (1964-78) and in this capacity, paid a number of visits to Arab Heads of State to inform them of the political and economic conditions prevailing in Lebanon in the aftermath of President Sarkis election; Presently, Joined again the Lebanese Bar Association in Aug. 1993. Addr.: Noujaim Building, 5th floor, Rue du Liban, Tel.: 01337183, 337252, Beirut, Ashrafieh, Lebanon. KHOURY (Michel, Youssef, el-), Diplomat Born in 1949, in Fghal (Jbeil). Son of Youssef Elias el-Khoury and Mrs. Georgette Helou. Married to Miss Diana el-Khoury, 3 children: Tania (1984, Brasilia), Joe (1988, London), Nathalie (1996, Lebanon). Dipl.: Licencíate in law (1974); Graduate of National institute of Administration and Development - Civil Service Council (1977). Career: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1970); Chargé d'Affaires Lebanese Embassy in Mexico (1981); First Secretary and chargé d'Affaires Lebanese Embassy in Brasilia (198386); First Secretary and Chargé d'Affaires Lebanese Embassy in London (1986-91); Foreign Ministry - Beirut (Aug. 1991); Director of Administrative and Financial Affairs (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) (Apr. 1994-Mar. 1999); Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to La Haye, Holland (1999-2003); Ambassador of Lebanon to Nicosia (Cyprus) (2003-). Sports: Tennis and swimming. Addr.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon. Tel.: 01-200464,217601 and Lebanese Embassy, 1 Queen Olga Str.-llOl, P.O.Box 1924-1515, Nicosia, Cyprus.

KHOURY (Michel, Bechara, el), Former governor of the Central Bank of Lebanon (Sept. 6th, 1978 to Jan. 15th, 1985, and from Jan. 16th, 1991 to Aug. 1st, 1993), former minister, former president of the National Council of Tourism. Born on Nov. 24, 1926 in Beirut. Son of Bechara el-Khoury (President of the Lebanese Republic 1943-52) and Mrs. Laure el-Khoury born Chiha. Married on Apr. 29th, 1951 to Vicky el-Khoury, 3 children: Manal, Mycal and Malek. Educ.: Jesuit Primary and Secondary Schools; St. Joseph University in Beirut; University of Paris, Faculty of Law (graduated in 1947). Career: Worked as a journalist with the French language daily "Le Jour" owned by his uncle Michel Chiha (1946-47); He participated in a number of official Lebanese Missions to foreign capitals including London, Paris, the Vatican and Cairo as Attache to the Political Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1946-48); Joined the Lebanese Bar Association in 1948 and practiced until 1953; Became Director General of the "Establissements Darwiche Y. Haddad" (large firm belonging to his family specialized in public works and construction materials); actively involved in managing other companies owned by his family; published several articles and studies especially in "Le Jour" and delivered a number of conferences at the "Cénacle Libanais" and other cultural institutions (1947-57); bought "Le Jour" in 1957 and became its editor; sold this daily in 1963; Foundermember of the National Council of Tourism which he

KHOURY (Michel, Youssef), former Deputy. Born in Amchit (Jbeil), 1932. Son of Youssef Khoury. Married to Miss Samia Abou-Eid 4 children: 3 daughters, and one son. Educ.: Military Academy. Career: Joined the Lebanese Army (1952); promoted Lieutenant Colonel (1955); 1st Stage in France, Ecole des Transmissions à Montargis (1955-56), the 2nd Stage in Fort-Momouth, U.S.A. (1961), B.E.M. of the Military School, Yarzé (1979-80); Transferred to the Intelligence Services (196368); South Lebanon (1968-70); Signal Battalion Commander (1971); Commander Bekaa Region (1977); Commander of Ranks School (1980); Military Attaché in Jordan (1985-86), retired (1990); Deputy of Jbeil (199296). Prof. Addr.: Amchit, Hay as-Saha, near Saydeh Church, Bifurcation Radio Byblos, Pyramid Projects Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 09-949999, Lebanon. KHOURY (Nassim, Dr.), Academic. Born in 1948, Kfir Area, South Lebanon. Married to Dr. May Gebran, 2 daughters: Dalia and Raya. Educ.: Licence in the Arabic

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Language from the Faculty of Education, Lebanese University in 1972; a prize in Arabic Language in 1973 from same University; Travelled to Paris and obtained a Doctorate in Islamic Studies and modern Arabic Poetry in 1975 from Sorbonne University III; Also studied public relations and advertising Arts in same University in 1975. In 1978 Obtained a Doctorate in Language and media. Career: Teacher in Elementary and secondary classes (1967); Worked in the advertising field and public relations in "Al Massaref' magazine (1967-70); Chief Public relations and advertising in "Jamhour Jadid" magazine (1970-72); Advertising Chief, Middle East Section in Agence "Sodipar" in Paris (1975); Secretary editor to "al-Mustakbal" magazine in Paris (1976-80); Manager Centre of Research and Studies in "Editions Monde Arabe" (E.M.A.) in Paris (1980-82); Media Attache in "Association Culturelle Franco-Libanaise" (President Georges Gorse); Since 1984 Professor at the Faculty of Information and its Dean since 1985 at the Lebanese University. Other Information: Member of the French Press Union since 1976; Founder and active member in the Arab Journalists Union in 1978; Member of the Lebanese Editors; Press Councellor in the Directorate of Orientation in the "Lebanese Army" (1989-90); Founder and Member of Association of French University Graduates (Doctorats) (1990); Member of Family Planning (1990) and Vice-president since 1999; Member of the Arab Nationalists Forum (1991); Member of the Councelling Committee in the National Defence (1993); Government representation on the Board of Directors, Télé Liban S.A.L. (1990-93) and founder and member of Environment Association in Lebanon; One of the Founders and Treasurer of the National Social democratic Movement since Oct. 1, 1992; Unsuccessful Candidate for the Parliamentary Beirut elections in 1992. Participated in several seminars, conferences. Pubi.: Author of several articles, "Taranim Al Omma alkharsa'a", Beirut (1979); "Adam al Inhiaz wal Nizam ad dowali al Jadid" (in french), Paris (1982); "Madkhal ila Hadathat Al Arab" (in French, Beirut 1986); "Ma'ani al Ahlam bayn al Wa'i wa la wa'i", Beirut (1989); "Lam Yabka ilia allogha" (1993); "Al Mokawama tochrek minai Jounoub" (1994); "Mozakkarat watan Mostawrad", Beirut (1994); "Fann Al Moukabalah", Beirut (1998); "Al Kitabah Al Eslamiyah Fann el-Khabar", Beirut (1998); "Al Eelaam Es Sehyouni", Beirut (1999). In addition to a large Number of Studies, Researches, published in several newspapers and magazines and Radio Programs, and a Number of Lectures in Arab & Foreign Capitals. Prof. Addr.: Faculty of Information, Lebanese University, Fanar, Fax: 01-686660, 686661, Tel.: 03-266993/4, P.O.Box 145280, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. KHOURY (Nicolas), Former Minister of State. Born in 1938 in Zahlé, Lebanon. Educ.: In Lebanon and abroad. Career: Started his career as constructor, he has worked with

KHOURY several international companies like flour arabia - Dumez & Ballot Iraq associated to a Saudi Group and became major player in the fields of on shore offshore construction in S.A. (Aramco Projects); In 1980 moved to Montreal Canada started an invesment Co. Group Khoury For Investment & constructed a big complex (Place du Quartier) in the heart of Montreal, and in 1984 was elected as President of the Montreal Branch of the World Lebanese Cultural Union, then as President of the world Lebanese Cultural Union in Canada in the same year and after that in the 1985 was elected in Brazil as the world president of the world Lebanese Cultural Union; He stayed as president till 1991 then resigned; In 1990 became Minister of State served till May 92, then opened the Khoury General Hospital, Zahlé and then regained the same Group of S.A. and the Gulf states as president and GM till 1996; Decided to come back to Lebanon and serve as a public figure. Priv. Addr.: Medtrade S.A.L., SAR Center, 4th floor, Fouad Chehab Str., Sin el-Fil, Tel.: +961-1-513445/6/7, Fax: +961-1-513448, E-Mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon and Zahlé: Khoury General Hospital, Brazil Str., Barbara, Bekaa - Zahlé, Tel.: +961-8-811180/1/2,807000/1/2, Fax: +961-8-804960, E-Mail: [email protected], Lebanon. KHOURY (Rafik, Khalil), International lawyer. Born in 1937. Widower, one son and one daughter. Educ.: American University of Beirut; Lebanese University. Dipl.: B.A. in Economics; Licence in Law. Career: Joined the Beirut Bar Association (1962); He made his three-year training at one of the most prestigious laws firms iij Lebanon, the Law Offices of the late Dr. Alfred Tabet, where he acquired not only the rigorous rules of a high level, corporate, transparent and straight-forward legal practice but also the values of patience, perseverance, and magnanimity. Such traits helped in a successful professional career in the same hight standard. One of his great achievements, despite various hurdles, was the rescue of the Lebanese subsidiary of Bank of Credit and Commerce International at the end of 1992. Such rescue, which was adroitly charted and implemented, was to the satisfaction of all parties concerned. Mr. Khoury is the legal counsel and attorney for several large and multinational banks and companies. His legal opinions and advice are often solicited by international businessmen and by large and global firms. His name and biography appeared in the publications of the International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England, and in the American Biographical Institute, Inc., North Carolina, U.S.A. Sport: Walking. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: Hamra Str., Saroulla Bldg., P.O.Box 14-6111, Beirut 11052100, Tel.: 01-354010, 353327, Fax: 01-345010, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ras Beirut, Makhoul Str., Abouchacra Bldg., Tel.: 01- 341893, Beirut, Lebanon. KHOURY (Robert), Medical doctor. Born on 3 Feb.

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1927. Son of Michel Khoury (Consul of Brazil, Beirut) and Mrs., née Marie Kfouri. Married on 15 Dec. 1956 to Claude Heneine, 4 Children, Michele, Danielle, Jacqueline, Robert Jr. Educ.: Collège des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes, French Faculty of Medicine, Beirut. Dipl.: M.D. (having a diploma from the French Government). Career: Intern, Suez Canal Company, Ismailia (Pr. R. Godei); Resident, Boucicaut Hospital, Paris (Pr. J. Lenegre); Former President of société Libano-Française de Médecine; Cardiologist, Rizk Hospital, Beirut (1957-) Pubi.: "The Correct Use of Antibiotics" (1 vol., 1978), "Medicine in Phoenicia and Lebanon" (1 vol., 1987), Milestones in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery (1 vol., 1994), Milestones in Gastroenterology (1 vol., 1996). Member: société Française de Cardiologie, Paris; Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, London; President of the Lebanese Society for History of Medicine. Decor.: Officer of the Order of Italian Republic. Medal: Gold Medal of Lebanese Merit. Sports: Tennis. Hobby: History of Medicine. Member: Rotary Club, Beirut, Automobile and Touring Club, Kaslik. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Zahrat el-Ihsan Str., Body Shop Bldg., 5th floor, P.O.Box 16-5963, Tel.: 01-329330, Beirut, Lebanon.

researcher in Palestinian Refugee affairs and is invited to participate in the consultation workshops on Middle Eastern and Palestinian Refugees affairs, organized by the Royal Institute of International Affairs and the Centre for Lebanese Studies (Nov. 2001); Re-elected to the Board of the Lebanese Cooperative for Development, a non profit making NGO which provides micro credits to residents of less developed rural areas of Lebanon, and was reappointed Secretary General of the Cooperative (Apr. 2004); Published essays on the Euro-Mediterranean Process and the EU-Lebanon Association Agreement (2002, 2004 & 2005); Invited to participate in the workshops on Palestinian Refugees (2002-2005), of the Middle East Program of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA), Chatham House. Decor.: Grande Croix de l'Ordre de la Couronne, Belgium; The Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, Japan; Commendatore del'Ordine 'Al Merito della República Italiana'; Orden de Mayo Al Merito- Comendatore, Argentina.Priv. Addr.: Imm. Mardelli, 7th floor, Amine Gemayel St. Sioufi, Beirut, Lebanon, P.O.Box 166792, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel./Fax:+961-1-398993, Mobile Phone : +961-3-680010,Email: [email protected].

KHOURY (Samir, Samy, el-), Diplomat. Born in 1937 in Beirut. Son of Samy el-Khoury, Ambassador of Lebanon and Mrs., née Evelyne Kattini. Married in 1982 in Beirut to Miss Lolita Diab, one son. Educ.: St. Catherine's College, Oxford University. Dipl.: M.A. in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Career: 1st Secretary at the Lebanese Embassy in Libya (1962-64); 1st Secretary at the Lebanese Embassy in Great Britain (1964-70); Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beirut (1970-71); Counsellor at the Lebanese Embassy in Belgium, the European Community, Luxembourg and the Netherlands( 1971-73), Consul General of Lebanon in Detroit (1973-79); Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beirut (1979-83); Ambassador of Lebanon to Belgium and Luxembourg and Head of Mission of Lebanon to the EEC (1983-85); Ambassador of Lebanon to Japan, resident in Tokyo, also accredited to the Republic of Korea and the Philippines (1985-94); Director of Political & Consular affairs, and Deputy Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut(1994-99); Concurrently, Coordinator for Lebanon of the Euro-Mediterranean Process, started in Barcelona in 1995; Vice-President then President of the Lebanese Delegation for the negotiations for Lebanon's Association Agreement with the European Union( 1995-99); (1999-2001): Ambassador of Lebanon to Italy and non-resident Ambassador of Lebanon to Malta. Concurrently Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the U.N. Organizations: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), WFP (World Food Programme) and IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development). After completing a 42 year diplomatic career in the Foreign Service of Lebanon, Ambassador Samir El-Khoury is a

KHOURY (Shahwan, E1-), Engineering/Education. Born on Oct. 8, 1938, Ghalboun, Lebanon. Son of Victor el -Khoury (Editor) and Mrs Souad Abi -Sleiman. Married in 1970 Lebanon to Mrs Nadia, 1 daughter: Daria. Educ.: Youngstown University; Carnegie Institute of Technology - Carnegie Mellon V. Dipl.: BE; M.S; Ph.D. Career: Att (1964-66); AUB (1966-76); Technical Director- PSAI (1976-81); Ε-M Manager-Kettaneh (198185); General Manager-Debbas Ent. (1985-89); A. Professor and Chair- AUB (1939-2000); Professor and Dean- NDU (-2000-06). Prof. Add?.: NDU, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, P.O.Box 72, Zouk Mikayel, Tel.: 09/218950; Fax: 09/218771. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Lebanon, P.O.Box 39, Hazmieh, Tel.: 05/453530. Email: [email protected]. KHOURY (Spiridon, H.E. Mgr.), Bishop. Born in 1926 at Uberlandia (Brasil). Educ.: Greek Orthodox College of Horns (Syria), Balamand Clerical Seminary, St. Serge Orthodox Theology Academy of Paris. Dipl.: Bachelor (theology). Career: Parish priest of LibanoSyrian community of Alexandria (Egypt), Vicar of Tripoli Metropolite (1965-66), Sacred Zahlé Bishop (1966). Remark: fluent in French and Arabic, English and Russian in addition to a sound knowledge of Greek. Resid.: St. Nicolas Str., Zahlé, Greek Orthodox Archbishopric, Tel.: 08-820527, 806882, 03-806882, Lebanon. KHOURY (Tanios), Judge, 1st President of "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature". Born in 1937 at Rmeileh (Chouf). Married, 4 children. Career: Judge. Member of 206

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the Court of first Instance in Tripoli, Lebanon; Member of the Court of Bankruptcy in Beirut; District Judge in Tyr and President of the Court of first Instance in Saida; President of Prosecuting Authority in Mount Lebanon & President of Criminal Appeal Court; Appointed Judge (1965); 1st President of the "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature" (2002-). Prof. Addr.: CSM, Sami Solh Avenue, Palace of Justice Bldg., 4th Floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

"Hôpital Notre Dame du Secours" and Director of Social Sciences and President of Surgery Department; Studies Coordinator at Faculty of Health, Lebanese University; Member of Management Institute, St. Joseph University; Professor in General Surgery, Faculty of Health, Lebanese University; Professor at University St. Esprit of Kaslik; Lecturer at University St. Joseph. Elected Deputy of Amchit (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Beirut, Lebanon and Achrafieh, Gouraud Str., Joseph Sarkis Bldg., Tel.: 01-444630, Beirut, and Amchit/Jbeil, Nagib El Khoury Bldg., Tel.: 09-541045, Lebanon.

KHOURY (Théodore, Farah), Academic. Born in Lebanon. Son of Farah Khoury. Educ.: Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, UK. Dipl.: A.R.I.C.S. of the said Institute (1937), Diploma of Engineering specialized in the preparations of specifications and charges. Career: joined the Public Works Department in Jerusalem (1923-37); engineer with office rank attached to GHQ, Middle East (1937-48); then moved to Iraq Petroleum Co. at Tripoli, Lebanon (1948-57); consultant engineer specialized in the preparation of tender specifications and conditions; sworn expert on the panel of law courts (1957); former Assistant professor of Civil Engineering (quantity surveying) at AUB. Member: Institute of Chartered Surveyors, UK (1932-37). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

KHOURY (Youssef, el-, (Joseph) Father), Lebanese Monk, Director of the National Conservatory of Music since 29 Oct. 1969, former Assistant general of the Lebanese Maronite Order, former director of the Musical section at Holy Spirit University (Kaslik, Lebanon), Member of the founding Committee of the "Cultural Council of North Lebanon". Born in 1921 at Richdipine (Koura), North Lebanon. Register No.: 677/140, Caza of Zghorta (North Lebanon). Son of Jacques Khoury and Mrs. Helena. Specializations: Musician, Composer and titular of several diplomas among which degree in harmony, musical composition, musical counter-point and Fugue. Member of: Society of Authors, Composers and Music Editors; Board of Directors of the National Conservatory of Music; Member of the National Lebanese Committee of Music affiliated to UNESCO since 1963; Secretary and member of the Press Bureau in the four Sessions of the Synod Vatican II (1962-63-64-65); Entrusted by the Assembly of Catholic Bishops in Lebanon with religious programs at the State Radio; Entrusted in 1950 by the "International Conservatory of Music of Paris" with research work on music in the U.S.A., and in particular on the Festival of Music at Tanglewood; President of the Lebanese delegation at the 12th general assembly and at 6th Congress of the International Council of Music, which took place in New York and Washington from 6-16 Sept. 1968; President of the Lebanese Delegation at the second Congress of Arabic Music held in Fez in Maghreb 8-18 Apr. 1969; President of the Lebanese Delegation of the International Congress of Arabic Music held in Cairo 21-23 Dec. 1969; President of the Lebanese Delegation to the Preparatory Congress for the foundation of the Arab Council of Music, organized by the general secretariat of the Arab League held at the palace of the Arab League in Cairo 23-25 Dec. 1969; President of the Lebanese Delegation at the International Tribune of the Mediterranean Countries held in Tunis 21-27 Apr. 1970; Representative of Lebanon at the Session of the International Tribune of Young Composers held in Paris at the UNESCO Palace 22-30 May 1970; Representative of Lebanon at the Colloqium organized by the International Council of Music in collaboration with the Kaloust Gulbenkian Foundation held at the palace of this Foundation in Lisbon 2-5 June 1970; Member of the

KHOURY (Victor, Youssef), Former Commander inChief of the Army. Born in Amchit (Jbeil), 1929. Son of Youssef Khoury. Educ.: Military. Career: Joined the Lebanese Army, Promoted General (1976); Commander in-Chief of the Lebanese Army (1976-88). Priv. Addr.: Amchit, near Jbeil, Hay as-Saha, near Saydeh Church, Bifurcation Radio Byblos, Pyramid Projects Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 09-949999, Lebanon. KHOURY (Violette Born TRAD), Writer. Born on Feb. 23, 1930 in Beirut. Daughter of Nemr Trad (Teacher & Writer) and Mrs. Bachira Maalouf. Married on Feb. 12, 1949 in Beirut, five children: Carmen, Simone, Denise, Gilberte, Camille. Educ.: Lebanese Baccalaureate Taught by the Reknown Arabic Writer Michel Sawaya. Career: Arabic Writer, Member in Various Associations. Pubi. - Books: "Zouhour Al Oukhouwan" 1986; "Haifa'a" 1988; "Hozn El Madina" 1995; "Karia Ismouha Houb" 1996; "Wisadat El Hajar" 1997; "Hasa wa Jawaher" 1998; "Anachid Oui Samt" 1998; "Abaad Min Al Chaouk" to be published. Sports: Swimming, walking. Hobby: Reading. Active Member: of the Association of the Voice of the Lebanese Woman. Addr.: Mrouj Str., Near Hotel-Dieu, Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 167232, Tel.: 01-615022, 03-821994, Beirut, Lebanon. KHOURY (Walid), Surgeon, Member of Parliament. Born in 1955 in Amchit, Lebanon. Married to Rania Georges Frem, 2 children: Talia and Nagib. Educ.: St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Doctorate in Medicine, MBA from ESA. Career: Surgeon, Member of the Board of

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Lebanese Delegation to the Congress of "the National Culture of Arab Youth", organized by the General Secretariat of the Arab League held in Beirut 7-17 Sept. 1970; President of the Lebanese Delegation to the first Congress of the Arab Music Council held in Tripoli, Libya 9-14 Jan. 1971; President of the Commission of Musical Composers at the Arab Council of music; Member of the Executive Council of the Arab Council of Music; President of the Lebanese Delegation to the second Congress of the Arab Council of Music, (Cairo 1972); President of the Competition of Arab Music Composition of the Arab Council of Music (Tunis, Mu-waschahat, 1972-Lebanon, Children's Songs, 1973); President of the Lebanese Delegation of the third Congress of Music (Algeria 1973); President of the Lebanese Delegation to the fourth Congress of Music in Feb. (Baghdad 1975); Honorary President of S.A.C.E.M.L.; Founder of the Colloqium "Lebanese Music" 1974; Founder of competition and prize "Father Joseph Khoury" 1980; Lecturer on diverse subjects; Author of the first Symphony in Lebanon mondially first interpreted at the International Festival at Matozinhaus-Portugal on 3 Oct. 1969 by the Sinfonica do Porto Orchestra under the direction of Maestro Silva Pareira (Several foreign radio stations requested the recording of the symphony for their own programs). Prizes and Distinctions: Titular of the Diploma "Ami de Paris"; Titular of the Great Silver Medal of the City of Paris; Titular of a Distinction from the Ministry of National Education first degree for artistic activities during the Congress of Oriental Musical Studies at the UNESCO Palace 28 Sept./8 Oct. 1956; Knight Order of Merit from the Italian Republic 22 Oct. 1971; Said Aki Prize for the month of Sept. 1969; The Great Medal of Honour of the S.A.C.E.M., Paris, 1987; The National Order of the Cedars (Commander) 1991; Honorary Diploma, Board of Directors National Conservatory of Music (1991); Honorary Diploma, North Lebanon Cultural Council (1993); Honorary Diploma, Arab Congress of Music (1999); Higher Honorary Diploma, USEK (1999); Pontifical Legion (1999); Doctorat Honoris-Causa PIMS 2001. General Supplementary Information: 1- General Studies; Secondary Studies, philosophy and theology. 2Musical Studies: 1946-48 at Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts; 1948-54 at International Conservatory "Ecole Cezar Franck" Paris, until he perfected the following subjects: Solfege, Harmony, Counter-point, Fugue, Esthetical Music, Direction Orchestra, Musical pedagogy, Musical History, Musicology, Composition. Other Information: Here are some names of his professors: Alexis Boutros, Bertrand Robillard, Nicolas Dale, Guy Ferchaut, Mrs. Roche, Louis Auber, Yves Margat, Pierre Lantier, Rene Alix, Mercel Labey, Guy De Lioncourt, Maurice Durufle etc... During his residency in Paris he formed a choir called "Chorale de Notre-Dame du Liban" who performed great success. He wrote in latin charachters the works written in Arabic or Syriac. This choir often accompanied by the

Orchestras engaged by himself for the execution of his work, i.e. the ceremony of Good Friday 1951 interpreted by the choir and the orchestra transmitted directly from "Eglise Notre-Dame du Liban" during the Broadcasting of Paris, connected at the Lebanese Broadcasting. On Oct. 1954, He returned to Lebanon and took up the research of original sources of the oriental music. He composed many works where the oriental character and the western style joined together. Lecturer at various cultural clubs of large audiances including specialists and ordinary people. 195469 Professor at University St. Esprit Kaslik (USEK), He trained several excellent students and one choir who quickly imposed themselves on the BBC, the Lebanese Broadcasting Corp., and the 2 TV Stations often retransmitted the works of the choir, the result of which was a basic reform in the Maronite Church. He created "Ecole", School of Pere Khoury, which was amply followed by several composers, others imitating that unconsciously. Furthermore the activities of Pere Khoury at the Religious ceremonies in Beirut were attended by Officials (Statesmen!): President of the Republic, Members of the Government, The Deputies and others, adopted the song of Pere Khoury. 1938-41 These Ceremonies were animated by Pere Khoury by his Choir presided by him. 1946-48 These religious ceremonies always presided by him included only the songs from his own composition. Also since 1954 Pere Joseph Khoury never stops to organise the monthly musical sessions at Convent St. Antoine, 118 rue du Liban in Beirut, the first and the third thursdays of every month at 14h. 30. He even organized the seminars and the annual sessions which lasted four days from the 1st to 4th Sept. at the meeting place every year. Those seminars and sessions were attended by hundreds who wanted to attend school of Pere Khoury, also many from Syria, Jordan and Egypt, attended. Printed Works: "La musique et l'Education", "Face à la vie", "Tableau de la Rédemption-Tableau de la Résurrection", "La Bénédiction avec la Sainte Croix", "La musique Syriaque", "Taranimouna" (nos cantiques), "Aghanina" (nos chansons), "La Symphonie d'Orient", "La conception artistique de Vincent dTndy", "Paul VI au pays du Christ", "Gloire du Liban", "Le Géant Patriarche Doueihi", "Le Père néemetallah Kassab", "Histoire des Couvents Traitant 1 'Uniform", "Le Père Daniel El Alam al-Hadathy", "Le Père Général Lorencious Yammine Chababi I", "A Youssfieh = Rafka? Oum Rafka = Youssfieh", "Image et Noms", "De nos Anciens/Debutants", "De nos Anciens/Litturgie", "De nos Conferences", "Ilaiki ma Mtorez Hachaki". Unprinted Works: "Paul de Tarse" (Opera); "Aghanina" (Nos Chansons): A collecting of songs (in several voices); "Taranimouna" (Nos cantiques): one part of the collecting of liturgical songs which included the liturgical year by the Maronite Calender; "Le chant maronite": Historic and technical studies; "La Musique Syriaque": Historic and technical studies since its origin to date; "Le Liban": A 208

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general study of its historical, geographical and actual entity including the social, artistic intellectual, economic & moral aspects; "La musique arabe fondement d'un art mondial modem": A Study of the arab music; on its several aspects and possibility which helps to create a modern music; "Redemption": Orchestral music; "Pardon": Orchestral music; "Supplication Valse Arabe": Orchestral music, executed by the conservatory presided by Rai'f Abillama, its recording by the Lebanese society and its distribution in East and West; "Libanaise: Coucher du Soleil": Orchestral music; "Seisme": Orchestral music; "Emigrant en chant": Orchestral music with choir and soloist; "La Résurrection": Orchestral music with choral and soloist (in fact a musical theater); "Les Innocents de Bethléem": Orchestral music for Broadcasting from London in Christmas 1956; "Crèche de Bethléem": Orchestral music for Broadcasting from London in Christmas 1956; "Aurore de la Lumière et de la vie": Orchestral music for Broadcasting from London in Christmas 1957; "Fete du Travail": Special Programme included the comments and songs, written and broadcasted the 1st May 1968, by the "Radio du Liban"; "Le Liban 1975-76": Works for an Orchestral Symphony; "Senates pour piano"; "Fugue vocale et d'autre pour piano"; "Fugue pour une quintette a cordes"; "Série de conférences traitant des sujets divers"; "Série d'articles traitant des sujets divers"; "Série de poèmes traitant des sujets divers". Address: North Lebanon College (Jdeideh, Zghorta), Lebanon, Tel.: 06-555120/130, 03-334180, Fax: 06555000, Internet: [email protected].

Higher Studies in Political Sciences, PH.D. in Political Sciences. Career: (1972): Entered the Foreign Service; (1973-77): Consul at Lebanon Embassy in Khartoum; (1977-79): Consul at Lebanon Embassy in Canberra Australia; (1979-80): Consul General in Melbourne Australia; (1980-82): Head of Mission in Zaire Democratic Congo Republic; (1983-91): Counsellor at Lebanon Embassy in Italy; (1993-94): Head of Mission in Libya; (Sept. 1992 to May 1994): Ambassador of Lebanon in Accra, Ghana; (Aug. 1994 to date): Ambassador of Lebanon in Bogota, Colombia. Sports: Swimming, walking, golf. Hobbies: Reading, music. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Prof.Addr.: Calle 74, No 11-88, Tel.: +571-2128360, 2357792, 3481781, Fax: +5713479106, P.O.Box: 51084 Bogota - Colombia. Priv.Addr.: Calle 96 No 9-A-09, Tel.: +571-2367115, Fax: +5716348870, Bogota, Colombia. KHREISS (Hajj Ali), Member of Parliament. Born on May 11, 1957 in Nigeria, of Lebanese origin from Bourj Rahhal, South Lebanon. Married to Sanaa Siblini, 6 children: Hassan, Sakineh, Fatmeh, Hussein, Soumaya, Amai. Educ.: Studied about seven years at Bourj Rahhal, Official School. Career: Joined "Amai Movement" since 1978 and assumed several responsibilities in regional areas the latest for the South; Elected Deputy (1996-). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. KIM (Young Sun, Dr.), Ambassador of South Korea in Lebanon. Born on Mar. 30,1955. Married, one child. Dipl.: Diploma in Political Sciences from National University of Seoul (1978); Master in International Relations from Keio University, Tokyo-Japan (1991). Career: Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1977); Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1983); Second Secretary, Embassy of South Korea in Washington (1984); Vice-Director of the National Security Division, Office of the American Affairs (1987); First Secretary in Tokyo, Japan (1989); Assistant Secretary of the President for the National Security & Foreign Affairs (1991); Director of North America Department (Division II) (1993); Counsellor at the Embassy of South Korea in Egypt (1995); Counsellor at the Embassy of South Korea in Japan (1997); Assistant to the Minister of Foreign, Affairs in South Korea (2001); Ambassador of South Korea in Lebanon (2003-) Prof. Addr.: Embassy of South Korea, Beirut, Lebanon.

KHOURY (Zena, el-, Mrs.), Journalist and Writer. Born on Jan. 21, 1960 at Tahwitet Ghadir (Lebanon). Married: Divorced, one daughter: Dayana. Educ.: Master in Journalism from: Pantheon Assas (1997) Paris, Political Journalism - Critical Art - TV consulting -Writer. Career: Journalist & Writer. Prizes: Teaching Literature (Arabic), Peace prize from Lebanon Church, 1er prix de Telecommunication. Honorofication from: The Lebanese Theatre, Bishop Elias Audi Metropolite de Beyrouth, Murex: Best Journalist 2000, La Croix Rouge. Publications/Articles: 12 books the best are "al-Ayam La Tantahi", "Zeinyat 1&2", "al-Moujahed", Political Articles: Weekly in 3 different newspapers: an-Nahar, alDiyar, SNOB. Addr.: Charbini Str., Villa el-Khoury, Tel.: 03-600099, Ajaltoun, Kesrouan, Lebanon. KHREICH (Mounir, Dr.), Diplomat. Born on Nov. 30th, 1942 in Lebanon. Son of Antanios Khreich and Mrs., née Mariam Haddad. Married in 1977 in Khartoum (Sudan) to Miss Odette Zaki, three children: Anthony, Mireille, Ghada. Educ.: Ecole des Pères Jésuites -Haddad Secondary High School - Lebanese University. Dipl.: B.A. in Political and Administrative Sciences, Diploma of Higher Studies in Public International Law, Diploma of

KIRKIACHARIAN (Serge Berdj, Kevork), Academic. Born on 29 June 1933 in Beirut. Son of Kevork Kirkiacharian (dentist) and Mrs., née Marie Memarian. Married in Sept. 1965 in Beirut to Miss Esther Aposhian, 2 children: Georges and Bernard. Educ.: Sacred-Heart College of Beirut, St. Joseph School (Marseilles), Catholic College of Aix-en-Provence, Faculty of Pharmacy (Paris),

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KLAT

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 1989: Reelected; 1992: Reelected; 1997: Elected as President of Beirut Bar Association. Decor.: The Exceptionnal Gold Decoration of Beirut Bar Association. Sports practised: Football, judo. Hobbies: Sports, reading. Credit Card: Visa. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Mgr. Messara Str., Bassila Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 01-335353, 201186, Beirut, Lebanon.

Faculty of Sciences (Paris). Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate-1953), pharmacist (1958), Doctorate (pharmacy-1960), B.Sc. (1966). Career: Intern in Paris hospitals (1959-64), attached to Research Center (1964), in charge of Research at C.N.R.S. (1967), Lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cean (196869), instructor at the University of Western Ontario (196970), Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Beirut since 1970. Pubi.: Author of some 80 scientific publications (papers to the Science Academy) dealing with therapeutic chemistry, organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Award: Gold medal, Paris Hospitals (1963). Dist.: Laureate Civil hospitals and hospices of Paris (1963), Academy of Pharmacy (Paris) (1973), of the Aggregation of Chemical Pharmacy and Biological Chemistry (Paris 1975) Academy of Medicine (Paris 1982) Sports: Tennis and swimming. Prof. Addr.: French Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 11-5076, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Watwate Str., Lerman Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

KOBERSY (Abdullah), Lawyer. Born 27 Oct. 1910 in Deddeh el-Koura. Son of Ibrahim Kobersy (trader) and Mrs., née Saadah Zakem. Married 24 Nov. 1935 to Miss Georgette Barbar, 5 children: Sabah, Doha (married to Sami Haddad), Atif, Dya, Hanane (married to Habib Hajjar). Educ.: Belmont College (Balamand), Brothers College of Christian Schools in Tripoli. Dipl.: Commercial High Studies with distinction, LL.B. of the French Faculty of Beirut. Career: Lawyer. He was nominated on 25.11.1935 by Antoun Saadé at the Sands Prison of Beirut, "Zaim by interim" because he was liberated through the Bar Association's Influence; Practiced the Zaim's Power during six months (1935-36). Works: 1) The death of the Thrush (Arabic), 2) The Inspiration of the darkness (Arabic Poetry, 3) Lebanon and us (Arabic). Clubs: P.P.S. (Leader P.I. & President of the Highest Council during 4 years). Addr.: Bifurcation Mar Elias, Bitar Str., Ghazzaoui Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 03-313519, 01-819781, Beirut, Lebanon.

KLAT (Samir, Ramez), Engineer. Son of Ramez Klat (shipowner) and Mrs., née Marie Bassili, Married in 1965 in UK to Miss Margaret Hinton, 2 children: Anthony and Michael. Educ.: Victoria College Alexandria, Egypt; Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, University of London. Dipl.: Ph.D. D.I.C.; B.Sc., (eng.) A.G.G.I; A.M. INST., F.M.I. Mech. E.C. Eng. Career: Conducted research work on combustion for English Electric Co. 1961, Consultant Engineer to Messrs. Drake & Partners on problems of starting engines in cold weather (1962), Consultant Engineer for racing cars (1962), to Staslad Box Corporation (1968), expert at B.D.I., Ministry of Economy (1968), Professor American University of Beirut, contributor to "L'Orient" newspaper of Beirut. Pubi.: Wrote a number of studies on dual-fuel engines, on the problems of combustion and its relationship to industrial development in Lebanon, represented Lebanon at the 1st and 2nd international meetings on regional development held at Tiesaloniki (1968 & 1969), at UNISOB conference on regional development (1969). Member: Automobile and Touring club of Lebanon, Link club, (UK), the Institute of Fuel, (UK), the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, (UK). Sports: Swimming and table tennis. Hobby: Motor cars. Prof. Addr.: Société Foncière de Tripoli S.A.L. Ezzeddine Str., Klat Bldg., Tel.: 06-620447, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Rabiya, Beirut suburb, Lebanon.

KOLEILAT (Rachid), U.N. Official. Born 21 Nov. 1920 in Beirut. Son of Abdul-Rahim Koleilat (senior government official, poet, writer) and Mrs. Aysha née Ishaq. Married in 1954 to Mahitab Ayoubi in Damascus, 2 daughters: Nada (Ph.D. Communication) and Rima (M.A. Sociology). Studied Economics at the Amer. Univ. of Beirut. Career: import-export (1942-53); joins UNICEF in Sept. 1953 as UNICEF Representative to Jordan, Lebanon and Syria and later also covers Saudi Arabia. In early 1969 he becomes UNICEF Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa. Retires from regular service with UNICEF Sept. 1983; continues serving UNICEF as Adviser till mid-1977 when he becomes Adviser to Prime Minister Salim el-Hoss. In mid-1991 he resumes the functions of Adviser to UNICEF. Current interests: endeavouring to enhance science and technology teaching in the educational institutions of the Arab World and in promoting application of advanced technologies in various fields. Decor.: Leb. Order of the Cedar (Knight) and Jordan's Medal of Education (First Class). Hobbies: Music and reading. Addr.: 1- Beirut: c/o UNI-CEF, P.O.BOX 5902, Tel.: UN House 01-981311 ext. 1618, E-mail: [email protected], Tel. (private): 03-310676, 01344223, Fax: (Home) 01-739234.2- USA: 4107 Far West Bvd. Austin TX 78731, E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +512-346-8571, Fax +512-343-0741.

KLIMOS (Antoine), Lawyer. Born in Beirut in 1947. Son of Eid Klimos (Watchmaker) and Mrs. Saada Jabbour. Married in Beirut in 1982 to Sonia Feghali, 2 children: Elie (1983), Karl (1985). Educ.: Sagesse School, Beirut; St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: Graduate in Lebanese Law (1969), Graduate in French Law (1969). Career: 1969-72: Raymond Edde Law Office, Beirut; 1972- to date: Own Practice. Other Information: 1987: Elected as Member of the Board of Beirut Bar Association;

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION KORD AHI (Rony), (Dual Nationality: Lebanese, Australian), Engineer. Born on Sept. 26,1963, Lebanon. Son of Camil Kordahi (retired) and Mrs., née Sonia Rizk. Married on Jan. 9, 1993 in Sydney, Australia to Helene Marzouk. Educ.: American University of Beirut, Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.), Mechanical (1986); University of New South Wales, Sydney; Masters of Engineering Science (M.Eng. Sc.), in Computer Integrated Manufacturing (C.I.M.) (1992), Macquarie University, Sydney, Masters of Business Administration (M.B.A.) (1996). Career: Dec. 87 to Nov. 88: Full-Time Project Engineer, "Delta Air Conditioning P/L", Sydney, Australia. Nov. 88 to June 90: Full-Time Project Engineer, "Norman Disney and Young" Consulting Engineers, Sydney, Australia. Sept. 90 to June 92: Full-Time Design/Project Engineer, "TNT Automated Systems", Sydney, Australia. July 92 to July 94: Full-Time Project Engineer, Astra Pharmaceuticals, Sydney, Australia. 199596-97: Senior Project Engineer Astra Pharmaceuticals Pty. Ltd., Australia. Awards: Scholarship Recipient at the American University of Beirut (AUB) for the Academic Year 1985/86 in the School of Mechanical Engineering. Sports: Soccer, Tennis, skiing. Hobbies: Traveling, reading. Member: Member, Institution of Engineers, Australia. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa, Diner's. Addr.: Adonis (Kesrouan), Tel.: 09-900156; Faytroun (Kesrouan), Tel.: 09-950257, Lebanon.

(1975). Educ.: AGBU Secondary School for Boys; American University of Beirut; University of Kingstonupon-Hull, England. Dipl.: B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Specialization certificates from France and Spain. Career: Senior staff with CNRS-Liban (1975 on) 1977-78 consultant with UNESCO and Researcher with IAEA/Monaco. 1978 on intermittently part-time faculty at local universities. 1992, leave of absence and teaching in England. 1978 on Director of the National Centre for Marine Sciences/CNRS and consultant; Editor-in-Chief of the Lebanese Science Bulletin (1985-); President, Group for Scientific Research and Planning (1986-90); Consultant with CDR (1986-88); Coordinator of the Presidential Cabinet (1986-88). Member: Bureau member (Rapporteur) of the Mediterranean Action Plan (1993-95); member of the Executive Council of the Intergovernmental Occanographic Commission, Paris (1995); Lebanese focal point for various UN and regional activities such as MAP, MEDRAP, IFREMER etc. Working experience with various Mediterranean and Arab research institutes, Active member of various national and ministerial committees and working groups. Fluent in Arabic, English, French, Armenian and Turkish. Sports: Diving and tennis. Hobby: Collecting 19th century silver boxes. Priv. Addr.: Dora, Mar Youssef Str., facing Télélumière, Alexanian Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-251549, Lebanon. KRAYTEM (Ghazi), Chairman and President of Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Beirut & Mount Lebanon. Born on 10 Feb. 1935 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Hassan Kraytem and Mrs. née Bahije Kaddoura. Married to Randa Kraytem in 1964 in Beirut. 3 children: Ezzat (1965), Bahije (1967), Rawia (1975). Educ.: I.C. International College; American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Bachelor Business Administration. Career: Managing Director Industry, Aviation, Trans Mediterranean Airways (1958-1985); Vice Chairman & General Manager, Société Libanaise pour l'industrie du verre et de la porcelaine SAL (SOLIVER). Other Information: Board Member of Makassed Philanthropic Association; Presidency of Alumni Association of International College. Sports practiced: Basketball, Football. Hobby: Reading. Credit Cards: American Express, Mastercard. Priv. Addr.: Tadros str., Tadros bldg., Beirut, P.O.Box 11-1801, Beirut, Lebanon. Tel.: 01745288, Fax: 01-341328. E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected].

KOTAICHE (Abdellatif), former Director General, Professional and Technical Education. Career: Head, Treasurer Services and National Debt at the Ministry of Finance; Professor, National Judiciary Institute and National Administration Institute; Advisor to Minister Ali Khalil (1989); Financial Inspector at the Central Inspection for 24 years; Appointed Director General, Professional and Technical Education (Jan. 1999-2003). Prof. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. KOUYOUMDJIAN (Jeannette), Lyrical artist. Educ.: National Conservatoire of Music of Beirut, Conservatoire Santa Cecilia of Rome, Chigiana Academy of Sienne. Dipl.: Graduate National Conservatoire of Music of Beirut, specialized at Santa Cecilia of Rome and Chigiana Academy of Sienne. Career: toured Iraq, Syria, Bucarest, Armenia, Soviet Union, Iran. Act.: Gave recital in Beirut featuring "Immer leiser Wird mein Schlummer" and Liebestren" by Brahms, Shubert's "Ungeduld", Debussy's "L'Enfant Prodigue" etc. Priv. Addr.: Chebibeh Bldg., Antelias, Beirut suburb, Lebanon.

KRONFOL (Zouhair, Anis), International Law Consultant. Born in 1940 in Beirut. Son of Anis Kronfol (merchant) and Mrs., née Inam Ardati. Married to Leila Nazmi Nached in 1979, with one son, Amr and one daughter, Hania, both studying at Princeton and Cornell Universities in the US, respectively. Educ.: American University of Beirut, American University of Washington D.C., Cambridge University, England. Dipl.: B.A. (1963),

KOUYOUMJIAN (Hratch), Biologist, specialist in environmental affairs and science administrator. Born on 10 Sept. 1946 in Beirut. Son of Hamparsoum Kouyoumjian and Mrs., née Makrouhy Avedissian. Married on 22 Nov. 1970 to Shoushan Papazian, 2 children: Salpy, solicitor (1973) and Rafy, economist 211

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

M.A. (1966), Ph.D. (1970), LL.B. (1972). Career: International Law Consultant, formerly in charge of research in international law at the Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1973); Representative of Lebanon to the 3rd UN Law of the Sea Conference (1974-76); Senior Legal Counsel for the Industrial Bank of Kuwait, Kuwait (1977-84); Senior Legal Advisor, Burgan Bank, Kuwait (1984-99) and Senior Legal Council, Al Ahli Bank of Kuwait (1999-01); Currently, International Legal Advisor at the National Bank of Kuwait SAK, Head Office. Pubi.: Author of "Protection of Foreign Investment: A study in International Law" (Leiden, 1972), and numerous articles on international law and finance, including, Air Hijacking, Law of Sea, International loans, Guarantee Bonds Foreign Deposits, Bank Secrecy, International Syndication, etc. Dist: US National Science Foundation Dissertation Fellowship (1969-70). Fellow, International Biographical Association, Cambridge, England (1986). Member: World Peace Through World Law Center, Pi Sigma Alpha Society, Arab Bankers Association, London, International Bar Association London, International law Association, London, American Bar Association, U.S.A. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 113-6018 Hamra, 1103-2090 Beirut, or P.O.Box 95, Safat 13001, Kuwait, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Ardati Str., Kronfol Bldg., Tel.: 01-360961, Beirut, Lebanon.

865250, 340740 ext. 28480, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Hadbai Bldg., Mar Elias Str., Beirut, Lebanon. KUWAITER (George, Mgr.), Archbishop. Born in Damascus, Syria in 1928. Educ.: Elementary Patriarcal school in Damascus; Secondary at "Deir el-Moukhalles" Monastery in the Shouf, Lebanon. Career: Ordained priest in June 1954; Teacher of arabic, physics and chemistry; Director of "Dar al-Inaya" (1966-87); Greek Catholic Archbishop of Saida / Deir el-Kamar (Oct. 1987-). Addr.: P.O.Box 247, al-Moutran Str., Tel.: 07-720100, Saida, Lebanon. KYRIAKOS (Sami), Surgeon, specialist in pediatric surgery. Born 6 Dec. 1937 in Beirut. Son of Faouzi Kyriakos (trader) and Mrs., née Houda Dargham. Married 1959 to Miss Hadia Muhieddine Nsouli, 4 children: Houda, Faouzi, Nadim, Marwan. Educ.: College of la Salle, and Our Lady of Jamhour College. Dipl.: M.D. Career: Laureate of the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut (1955), External Doctor of Hospitals of the French Hospital Association of Beirut (1956), Internal Doctor of Hospitals (1957), "Chef de clinique chirurgicale" of the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut (1962), Resident Doctor of Hospitals of Paris in the Pediatric Surgical Department of Pr. Petit (1965). Member: of the French Society of pediatric surgery, Member of the Lebanese Society of Surgery, Head of department of Saint-George's Hospital of Beirut, Associate professor of Pediatric Surgery. Works: Many scientific works especially concerning the pediatric surgery transmitted during scientific meetings or published in medical magazines. Hobby: Gardening. Sports: Tennis and swimming.Assoc.: Friendly Association of former students of St. Joseph University, Friendly Association of former students of the French Faculty of Medicine. Prof. Addr.: Saint George's Hospital, P.O.Box 166378, Beirut, Tel.: 01-575700, 581700, 585700 ext.: 38-42; Priv. line: 01-449660. Clinic: Ai'n el-Mreissé, Kyriakos Bldg., Beirut, Tel.: 01-367211, 367212. Priv. Addr.: Nsouli Bldg., Medhat Pasha Str., Tel.: 01-736835, 03-234485, Beirut, Lebanon.

KURBAN (Halim, Mitri), Travel Agent. Born in 1926 at Dhour al-Choueir (Lebanon). Son of Mitri Kurban. Married to Miss Renée Jean Tueni, 4 children: Nadine, Adeline Mitri and Raja. Educ.: Antoura College, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. (Business Administration). Career: Joined Pan American Airways; moved to Middle East Airlines (1947-52); set up: Kurban Travel Service in 1952; Middle East Car Rental (Avis) in 1963; Omatra Saudi Arabia in 1975; Kurban Tour Canada in 1986; KTS Tourisme France in 1988; KTS USA Inc. in 1992; Allo-Taxi Lebanon in 1999. Prof. Addr.: Middle East Car Rental Company (MECAR), P.O.Box 11-3466 Riad El-Solh 1107 2140, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel : +961-1364124, Fax: +961-1-370129. E-mail: [email protected]. KUTRAN (Khalil, Ibrahim), Management professional (quantitative). Born in 1948 in Zahlé (Lebanon). Son of Ibrahim Kutran (businessman) and Mrs., née May Seikaly. Married in 1981 in Lebanon, to Miss Diana Tourna. 2 children: Gida and Ibrahim. Educ.: American University of Beirut. American University Washington D.C., University of Southwestern Louisiana Lafayette -Louisiana. Dipl.: B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. Career: Lecturer at the American University of Beirut, School of Business & Management (since 1978); Head of Management Services Dept, Middle East Airlines (197883); Director, Unit for Health Systems Planning (since 1983). Sports: Tennis, squash, jogging. Hobbies: Reading & travelling. Member: Mediterranean Club. Credit Cards: American Express. Prof. Addr.:A.U.B., Tel.: 01-

KYRILLOS (Jean, Mansour), Lawyer. Born at Jbayl (Lebanon). Son of Mansour Kyrillos (M.D.) and Mrs., née Marie Wakim. Married on 4 June 1964 to Miss Hayat Abboud, 3 children: Randa, Mansour and Nady. Educ.: Marist Brothers College of Jbayl, al-Hikma College, French Law Faculty of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer, former member of the Bar Association Council, delegate of the Bar Association to Various international conferences, Lecturer in Law. Auteur d'ouvrages juridiques en Droit Social. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Arts and satirical poetry. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Abdel Wahab el-Inglizi, Femeineh Str., Ferneineh Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-217185, Tel/Fax: 01-200986, 03-505275. Summer Res.: Aquamarina, Tel.: 09-852200, Lebanon. 212

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development of transports sector at the Arab Countries, West Asia (1978-79); Planification and evaluation of projects and programs education, works and training formation (1966-2002); Support at the local, paring with European Cities of the preparation of finance, substructure and other documents on the following duties: Ministry of Planning (1969-74), Counsel of Development and Reconstruction (1991-2000), Lebanese Institute for Economic & Social Development (1991-2000); Support of Local economical Development (credit and formation), rural housing, substructure commercial, cultural & leisure training at the Lebanese Institute for Economic & Social Development (1993-2003); Management projects for the rehabilitation socio-economic for the displaced in Lebanon for the amount of 4,457 millions d'euros to finance by the European Committee about 3,457 millions d'euros concerning the Mohafazats of (South Lebanon, Nabatieh, Bekaa, Mount Lebanon & North Lebanon) (1997-2001) training at the Lebanese Institute for Economic & Social Development (ILDES). Preparation, execution & evaluation of programs, formation & education (du niveaü d'éducation de base, au niveau scolaire, technique et supérieur) in Lebanon, Rwanda and Egypt (1970-2003); training at the Lebanese Ministry of Planning, UNICEF, GTZ, BAD, Rwandais Ministry of Education, ILDES, Lebanese Ministry of Social Affairs, several Lebanese Universities and Lebanese Ministry of Education. Pubi: "Introduction à l'histoire économique du Liban", published from Lebanese University (Beirut, 1984); "Education et mobilité sociale au Liban" published from Institut Allemand de Recherches Pédagogiques International (Francfort, 1988); "Statistiques Séricicoles1925" Published from C.E.R.D. (Beirut, 1992); "Bilan des guerres du Liban (1975-90)" Editions l'Harmattan (Paris, 1996); Several Scientific Articles on the newspaper, Magazines and Lebanese, Arabie, European & International Periodical Academy and participation in the collectives works, in Lebanon, France, German, USA, Italy, Canada, Jordan, Tunisia, United Kingdom, Cyprus, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Rep., Kuwait and U.A.E. in Arabic, French, English & Italian Languages. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Reading. Member of: Order of Engineers, Lebanese Economist Association. Prof. Addr.: ILDES-Harboyan Bldg., Bloc A No. 4, BC Str., P.O-Box 60-138 Metn 1241-2020, Jal el-Dib, Lebanon, Tel.: 04710535/6/7. Priv. Addr.: Jal el-Dib, Kanj Str., Dadoor Bldg., Tel.: 04-720100, 500600, Lebanon.

L LABAKI (Boutros), Chairman of the Lebanese Institute for Economic & Social Development (ILDES), and Consultant for Economic Affairs. Born on Aug. 10, 1942 in Baabdat, Lebanon also (Italian Citizen). Son of Antoine Labaki (Director of the "Régie des Tabacs et Tombacs"), and Mrs. Bianca Rosa Zalum. Married on Oct. 22, 1971 to Jeanine Ghosn, daughter of Dr. Joseph Ghosn (President of the Municipality of Ajaltoun), 2 children: Hala and Jana. Educ.: French Lycée of Beirut, St. Paul Institution, Saint Joseph University (E.S.I.B), Beirut (1964-71), University of Paris (IEDES) (1967), University of Paris IV (1974), Higher Studies School in Social Sciences, Paris. Dipl.: Civil Engineer, BA in Economical Sciences, M.Sc. in Economical Development, Ph.D. in Economical History. Languages: French, Arabic English. Career: Joined Ministry of Planning as Chief of the Regional Development Office (1967-74); Economist Consultant in the Fields of Planification, Industry, Transports, Education, Labor and Lebanese migrations, in France, Rwanda, Egypt, UAE, Yemen and Saudi Arabia (1966-2003); Researches and Higher teaching at the Lebanese University and other Universities (Beirut, Lebanon) (1972-2003); Researches on Contemporary Middle East, CNRS (Paris), CERMOC (Beirut), DIPF (Francfort), CLS (Oxford) (1977-79), (1978-80), (1989), (2003); Senior Vice-President of the Counsel for Development and Reconstruction (1991-2000); Presently Chairman of the Lebanese Institute for Economic and Social Development and Consultant for Economic Affairs (Jal el-Dib, Lebanon). Qualifications: Planning of development on the National Lebanese Level; Participation at the preparation of 4 events of development in Lebanon (1970-76), (1992-97), (1995-2003), (2000-04); District Planning of development; Participation in the preparation of Industrial Board; Works and Education of the Lebanese Plane (1970-76); Planning of development at regional level (North Lebanon, Bekaa); Preparation of local elements at various sectors: Education, industry, craftsmen, agriculture, agro industry, industrial zones, works, and public substructure (1967-77); Planning of

LABAKI (Georges, Dr.), Director and Professor, Notre-Dame University of Louaize. Born on Apr. 23, 1955 at Baabdat (North Metn). Son of Tannous Labaki and Mrs., née Isabelle Melki. Married on Oct. 3, 1993 with Samar Saadé from Zahlé. Educ.: Collège des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes (Beit Mery et Mont la Salle), Lebanese University, Sorbonne University, University of Paris XII. Dipl.: Ph.D. in Law, Ph.D. in French Literature. Career: 213

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Professor, University of Maryland (1985-88); Professor, Georgetown University (1988-91); Professor, John Hopkins University (1991-92); Director of International Relations and Director of the Master's program in International Affairs and Diplomacy, Notre-Dame University of Louaize. Pubi: Author of 4 books, Consultant in France, Tunisia, Morocco, Yemen, Egypt, Niger. Awards: Certificate of Appreciation, University of Maryland. Sport: Jogging. Hobby: Travel. Credit Cards: Visa, Masters Card. Prof. Addr.: Notre-Dame University, Division of International Relations, Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, P.O.Box 72 (Zouk Mikael), Tel.: 09218950/51/52, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Baabdat, North Metn, Tel.: 04-977226, Lebanon.

Hobbies: Reading and music. Addr.: Presidential Palace of Baabda, Tel.: 05-455500/1, Telefax: 01-425395, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. LAHOUD (Emile, Jamil, General, H.E.), President of the Republic of Lebanon. Born on Jan. 12th, 1936, Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Late General Jamil Lahoud (Deputy of Metn and Minister of Social Affairs) and Mrs. née Adrinee Badjakian. Married in 1967 to Andree Amadouny, 3 children: Carine (1969) married to Minister Elias Murr, Emile Jr. (1975), Ralph (1977). Educ.: Brummana High School (1946-53); Naval Engineering College in the United Kingdom (1958-60); Sailing course in the United Kingdom (1960); Chemical Bactirio Radiation (CBR) College in the U.S.A (1967-68); Naval Staff course in the U.S.A (Rhode Island) (1972-73); Naval Command College in the U.S.A (Rhode Island) (1979-80). Career: Military: Joined the Military Academy as Cadet Officer (1956); promoted to: Sub Lieutenant (1959); Lieutenant (1962); Lieutenant Commander (1969); Commander (1974); Captain (1980); Rear Admiral (1985); Vice Admiral, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, 28th Nov. 1989. Professional Assignments: Assigned as Chief of Cabinet of the Armed Forces Commander (197379); Assigned as Director of Personnel of the Army (198083); Assigned as Chief of the Military Cabinet at the Ministry of Defense (1983-89); Assigned as General Army Commander (28/11/1989); Elected, President of the Republic of Lebanon, Oct. 15th, 1998. Member of the Engineering Society of Lebanon (July 31, 1967); Acting Honorary Chairman of the Engineering Society (Nov. 24th, 1998); Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects (October 2002). Pubi, (in Arabic): 19901995: "A Method and Style"; Month's Statement and Order of the Day"; "Promise and Fulfillment"; "Lectures and Speeches". Decorations & Medals: The Medal of Dec. 31, 1961; Lebanese Order of Merit (3rd Grade), 1971; Medal of Merit and Honor (High Ranking Officer), Haiti, 1974; Navy Medal (Excellent Grade), 1974; Tudor Vladimirescu Medal (4th degree), Romania, 1974; Lebanese Order of Merit (2nd Grade), 1983; National Order of the Cedar (Knight), 1983; Lebanese Order of Merit (1st Grade), 1988; National Order of the Cedar (Officer), 1989; War Medal, (1991-92); National Order of the Cedar (Grand Cordon), 1993; Medal of the "Dawn of the South", 1993; The Medal of National Unity, 1993; Military Valour Medal, 1994; State Security Medal, 1994; Commander of the Legion of Honor, France, 1996; Order of Merit (Senior Officer Rank), Italy, 1997; Great Cross of Argentina, 1998; Lebanese Order of Merit (Extraordinary Grade), 1998; Order of Al-Hussein Ibn Ali, Jordan, 1999; Great Collar of Independence, Qatar, 1999; Order of Saint Misrope Mashtos, Armenia, 2000; King Abdul-Aziz Collar, Saudi Arabia, 2000; Great Collar of the Union, United Arab Emirates, 2000; Great Collar of Mubarak, Kuwait, 2000; Great Collar of the Nile, Egypt, 2000; Great

LAHAM (Edouard, Issa), M.D., University Professor Emeritus. Born in Beirut. Son of Issa Laham. Educ.: French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine of Paris, Harvard Faculty of Medicine, USA. Dipl.: MD., specialized in Hormonology and Endocrinology. Career: Professor Emeritus Endocrinology and Endocrine Physiology at the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Ex-Chief radio-isotope department at Hôtel-Dieu de France of Beirut, Ex-Head of Endocrinology department at St. George's hospital of Beirut, Professor of Endocrinology at the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut since Feb. 1969. Pubi.: Author of well over 40 medical studies, some of which have been published in specialised journals abroad, notably on thyroid disorders, sterility, etc. Act.: Participated in numerous regional and international congresses, organized several seminars in Beirut. Member: Of several scientific association in Lebanon and abroad, including "Société Française d'Endocrinologie", "Société Nationale pour l'Etude de la Stérilité et Fertilité" (Paris), "Association pour l'étude de la menopause" etc. Awards: Gold Medal, Lebanese Order of Merit; Social Merit of Paris; Medal, St. Sepulchre of Jerusalem; Commdr., Pro Merito Melitensi; Military order of Malta. Hobbies: Poems, classical and modem music. Priv. Addr.: Badaro, Tel.: 01-383331, Beirut, Lebanon and Paris, 1, Rue' Pajou, 75016, Tel.: 003142245748, Fax: 003142246751, E-mail: [email protected], Paris, France. LAHOUD (Andrée, Emile), First Lady of Lebanon. Born on 3 Nov., 1940. Daughter of Edouard Amadouny and Mrs., née Marguerite Kolocofski. Married on 14 Dec. 1967 to General Emile Lahoud (President of the Republic of Lebanon), 3 children: Carine (1969) (married to Elias Michel Murr), Emile Jr. (1975), Ralph (1977). Educ.: Primary Ecole des Soeurs Franciscaines, Beirut; Higher Education: Centre Culturel Français, Beirut. Other Information: President, "Commission National de la Femme Libanaise"; Honorary President, Lebanese Red Cross; Honorary President, Baabda School for the Deaf and Blind; Honorary President of the Lebanese Federation for Scouts and Guides. Sports: Swimming and walking.

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Collar of Independence, Qatar, 2000; Great Collar of the Khalifite Order, Bahrain, 2000; Order of the White Double Cross (1st Class), Slovakia, 2001; The "Star of Romania" Collar (1999-2001); Great Cross of the Legion of Honor, France, 2001; The Al Muhammadi Decoration (Extraordinary Grade), Morocco, 2001; Order of November the 7th (Highest Grade), Tunisia, 2001; Great Cross of the Grimaldi's Order, Monaco, 2001; Great Cross of the Redeemer's Order, Greece, 2001; National Order of Oumaya-Grand Cordon, Syria, 2002; Badge of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (1st Class), Ukraine, 2002; Grand Collar of the Order of Makarios III, Cyprus, 2002; National Order of Merit "Al-Athir", Algeria, 2002; Order of the Republic, Yemen, 2002; Military Order of Oman (First Category), Oman, 2002; Order Stara Planina, Bulgaria, 2003; Gold Olympic Order, 2003; National Order of the South Cross, Brasilia-Brazil, 2004; Big Cross of the Ipiranga Order, Sao Paolo-Brazil, 2004; Order of Merit-Grand Cross with Chain, Hungary, 2004; Knight Grand Cross of Merit with Gold Star of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, 2004; Grand Cross of the Order of Merit, Poland, 2004; Order of the Federation (1st Class-Cordon), Arab Military Sports Federation, 2005; Knight Grand Cross of Merit with Gold Plate of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, 2005. Hobbies: Reading, Music, Cinema. Sports: Swimming, Scuba Diving. Addr.: Presidential Palace, Baabda, Lebanon.

Foreign Affairs, Chargé d'Affaires at the Lebanese Embassy in Morocco. In 1963, he was nominated as Magistrate and he occupied the following positions: President of the First Instance Penal Court of Beirut; Examining Military Judge; Counselor of the Civil Court of Appeal in Beirut; President of the Exceptional Penal Court of Appeal in Beirut; First Examining Military Judge of Lebanon and the Lebanese Government's Commissioner at the Military Courts (General Military Prosecutor of Lebanon). President of Supreme Judiciary Council; First President of the Supreme Court. President of the Higher Disciplinary Council for the judges; President of the Judiciary StudiesSchool Board; Elected unanimously President of the ancient judges council. He proposed law amendments to strengthen the independence, authority and efficacity of the judiciary organism; He gave special attention and concern in fighting criminality, drug traffic, terrorism, traffic road bloody accidents, health wellfare dangers and the situation of the jails in Lebanon. Other Information: During his academic life, he was elected: President of the National Union of Students in Lebanon; President of the Lebanese Federation of University Sport; First Auditor of the International Federation of University Sport; Member of the Preasidium in the International Union of Students; President of the Arab Association in B.H.S.; Champion of the Lebanese Universities in Athletics (100m-200m, Shot Put) in Swimming free style (50m-100m) Breast Stoke and Diving, Member of the National University Teams of Football, Basket Ball and Volley Ball. Awards: He was awarded the Golden Decoration of Lebanese Merit in 1957, the Moroccan Decoration of Merit, the Brazilian Military Medal, the Golden Ukranian Merit and the Highest Officer of the Cedar Merit. Prof. Addr.: Palace of Justice, Tel.: 01560033, Fax: 01-560036, Lebanon, Priv. Addr.: Baabdat, Tel.: 04-975666, 975629, 977666, Lebanon.

LAHOUD (Henri, Lahoud), Lawyer, former administrator of the Bekaa. Born on 13 Aug. 1928 at Baabdat (Lebanon). Son of Lahoud Lahoud (M.D.) and Mrs., née Marie Barakat. Married on 19 May 1957 to Miss Denise Coudriou, 3 children: Marie-Chantal, Raymond and Alain. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. & LL.D. Career: Lawyer, Director General Water Office of Beirut (1962-65), "Membre du Conseil d'Adminstration d'Electricité du Liban", Administrator of South Lebanon Aug. (1965), of the Bekaa (1975-90). Sports: Swimming and shooting. Prof. Addr.: Adma, Tel.: 09-855820, 900669, Kesrouan, P.O.Box 1788 (Jounieh) Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Baabdat, Tel.: 04-820561, 820415, Lebanon.

LAHOUD (Nassib, Salim), Engineer. Born on Nov. 23, 1944 in Baabdat. Son of Salim Lahoud (Deputy & Minister) and Mrs., née Nadia Yared. Married in 1982 to Abla Fustok, 2 children: Salim (1983), Joumana (1985). Educ.: Collège Notre-Dame, Jamhour; Loughborough University of Technology (England). Dipl.: B.S. in Engineering. Career: Founder and Chairman of Lahoud Engineering Co. Ltd., an industrial group of companies; Ambassador to the U.S.A. 1990-91; Deputy for the Metn District from 1991-2005. Hobby: Collecting paintings by Lebanese artists. Prof. Addr.: Lahoud Bldg, Sin el-Fil, Tel.: 01-513000. Priv. Addr.: Baabdat, Tel.: 04-820409, Lebanon.

LAHOUD (Nasri Jamil), Magistrate 1st President. Born on Nov. 11, 1934. Son of late Minister and DeputyGeneral Jamil Lahoud and Mrs., née Adrine Garabedjian. Married in 1972 to Najat Daou, father of three boys: Capt. Jamil, Nasri and Emad (Lawyers). Educ.: He followed his Primary Studies at St. Joseph and Sagesse Colleges, his Secondary Studies at Brumana High School, His University Studies at the American University of Beirut and the Faculty of Law at St. Joseph University. Career: He was admitted at the Lebanese Diplomatical Career in 1959. Director of the Protocol Department, Chief of the Political Arab and Consular section at the Ministry of

LAHOUD (Roméo, Raphael), Producer, Theatre director, Writer and Composer. Born in 1929 in Beirut. Son of Raphael Lahoud (former deputy) and Mrs. Françoise Khoury. Married 1953 to Miss Liliane Poulain, 2 daughters: Dominique and Valeric. Widow in 1967,

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remarried to Miss Alexandra Katrib 1975. £duc.: Antoura College; al-Hikma College; Fine Arts Academy in Paris; Carlo Montecamozzo Milano. Dipl.: Interior architecture - specialized in theatre pops and fittings (Paris), Scénographie Mécanique (Milano). Career: in charge of the Tourist year, built the stage of Unesco Theatre; Created the first lebanese Musical Theatre (Phoenicia Hotel) 1965; Theatre Roméo Lahoud (Martinez Hotel) 1969; Theatre Elysée (Ashrafieh) 1975; Théâtre des Arts (Hazmieh) 1990; Produced and Directed 31 different musical plays and Shows - Baalbeck Festival 1963-64-6768-70-71; Cedars Festival 1966-71; Byblos International Festival 1987-95-97-98; Inaugurated the Imperial Opera Radeki in Teheran during the Coronation of the Shah 1967; moved to the Olympia of Paris 1968 and 83 french towns - went with his troupe to 21 Countries; President of Byblos International Festival from 1992 to 1998. Dist.: Commdr., Order of Cedars, Prize of Faubourg (Beirut), Prize of Promotion et Prestige (Genève), Prize of Golden Cedar (Beirut), Prize of Epinay Sur Seine (France), Prize of Philippe Akiki (Beirut), Prize of Felaha Association (Beirut). Hobby: Painting. Sports practised: Swimming. Priv. Addr.: Aidamoun Village, Amchit (Jbeil), Tel.: 03720966, 252560, Byblos, Lebanon.

floor, Tel.: 01-333006, 09-620000, 03-237333, Fax: 01798654, 333303, Beirut, Lebanon. LAZAROF (Feniline, Dimitrof), Ambassador of Bulgaria to Lebanon. Career: Advisor at the Embassy of Bulgaria to Syria (1991-94). Attaché in the Middle East and North Africa Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1994-98); Chargé d' Affaires to Iraq (1998-2002); Director of the Middle East and North Africa Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ambassador of Bulgaria to Lebanon (2006-to date). Addr.: Raouché, 55 Australia Str., Sector 38, Hibri Bldg., P.O.Box 11-6544, Tel.: (01)861352, Beirut, Lebanon. LETAYF (Habib), Former Chairman of Casino du Liban S.A.L., Former Director general of the national council of tourism. Born on 5 Nov. 1934 at Chiah (Mount Lebanon). Son of Nagib Letayf (surgeon) and Mrs., née Youmna Khalil el-Khoury. Widower, 3 children: Khalil, Nagi, Mounir. Educ.: Collège de la Sagesse, St. Paul Institution, St. Joseph University. Career: Co-Proprietor and manager of "A.E. Boustany & Co." and representative of several European commercial concerns (1956-65); Editor of several Arabic newspapers (1958-60); Chief of Cabinet to the Minister of Information and Defence (196566); Chief of Cabinet to the Minister of Planning and Tourism (1966-68); Financial Director to the National Council of Tourism in Lebanon (CNTL) (1968-71); Director for the Promotion of Tourism at the CNTL (197177); Director General of the CNTL (Sept. 1977); member of the Board of Directors of Banque Libano-Française SAL (1979), Banque Libano-Française (France) (1979), Société Franco-Arabe d'Assurances et de Reassurances SAL (SOFRACE) (1979), former Chairman of Casino du Liban S.A.L.. Sports: Walking, swimming and football. Member: A.T.C.L. (Kaslik), Skal Club. Credit Cards: American Express. Priv. Addr.: Zahar Str., Naufal Bldg., 4th floor, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 321662, Beirut, Lebanon.

LAHOUD (Samir, Salim), Engineer. Born on Oct. 16, 1948 in Baabdat. Son of Salim Lahoud (Deputy & Minister) and Mrs., née Nadia Yared. Married in 1985 to Laura el-Khazen, 3 children: Karim (1988), Nadim (1990), Ram zi (1992). Educ.: Collège Notre-Dame, Jamhour; USJ, Ecole Supérieures d'Ingénieurs, Beirut; Columbia University, Graduate School of Business, New York. Dipl.: B.Sc. Engineering; M.B.A. (Master of Business Administration). Career: Chairman of Lahoud Engineering (Offshore) s.a.l.; Chairman of Lahoud Engineering Co. Ltd.; Former Vice-Chairman, British Lebanese Association, London; Former Chairman of the Board of Governors, Centre for Lebanese Studies, Oxford. Prof. Addr.: Lahoud Bldg., Sin el-Fil, Tel: +961-1-513000, Fax: +961-1-489489, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Baabdat, Tel: +961-4-820642, Lebanon.

LETAYF (Nadim), Brigadier. Born in 1936 at Baadarane, Chouf, Lebanon. Married to Wadad née Jabbour, 2 daughters. Educ.: Collège des Frères du SacréCoeur, and St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: L.L.B, also Diploma from the Military College in Beirut. Career: (Lieutenant of the Interior Security Forces) and at the Gendarmerie in France as an Officer, and a Training specialization at the FBI in U.S.A., until promoted Brigadier of the Internal Security Forces; Appointed General Director of the "Sûreté Générale" in Oct. (198890). Decor: Order of the Cedars, and several other medals. Addr.: Antelias, Armenian Patriarchate Str., Zakhour Bldg., P.O.Box 70918 (Antelias), Tel.: 04-406561, Lebanon.

LAHOUD (Youssef, Abdallah), Business Executive. Born on 6 June 1933 at Amchit (Jbeil). Son of Abdallah Lahoud. Married to Miss Mona Elias Khoury. 3 children: Lamia, Abdallah and Manal. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: in Economy (1954), Master in Economy (1956). Career: Economic Counsellor, Ministry of Economy (July 1956- Dec. 1958); joined MEA in Feb. 1959 as Economic Counsellor, then as Deputy to the Commercial General Director, Deputy to the General Director for Planification and Economy; Vice-Director General for Planification and Economy and in charge of the cooperation with foreign aviation companies; appointed Manager of the MEA (Jan. 1983-to date). Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Sursock Str., Salim Asly Bldg., 4th

LEUROMIE (Loy de), Ambassador of Canada to

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LOHEAC (Lyne André), Born in Paris. Daughter of the late Colonel André Lohéac and Mrs., née Blanche Ammoun (Painter and Writer). Educ.: Secondary at Lycée Molière; Higher at Paris-Nanterre and Paris-Sorbonne. Dipl.: M.A. thesis on "Le Liban à la Conférence de la Paix (1919-20)", and Ph.D. in History. Intership at the C.H.E.A.M. (Centre de Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique et l'Asie Modernes) (1972). Pubi.: "Daoud Ammoun et la création de l'Etat Libanais" (Paris, Klincksieck, 1978); Réédition (Beyrouth, Naufal, 1995); Co-author of "Regard sur le Levant" (Paris, C.H.E.A.M, 2000). Award: Prix France - Liban, Association des Ecrivains de Langue Française (1981). Act.: Participated in Several collective painting exhibitions in France; Salon des Indépendants (Paris); represented Lebanon at the Salon International d'Art naïf in Paris. Hobbies: Painting, ceramics, travelling. Priv. Addr.: 5 Villa Mozart, Tel.: 0142.88.13.46, 75016 Paris, France. E-mail: [email protected].

Lebanon. Born in Montreal, Canada. Married, 3 children. Educ.: Doctorate in Political Sciences & Higher Diploma in International Relations. Career: Journalist at "Journal De Montreal" and "La Presse". Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and assumed the Canadian University Department, overseas in Nigeria. Advisor & Vice-Consul in Abidjan; Advisor to the communication & General Affairs, Embassy of Canada to the South Korea and responsible of the Personnel Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Director of Canadian Francophony Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 2002; Ambassador of Canada to Lebanon (2005-). Addr.: Embassy of Canada, 434 Autostrade Jal el Dib, Coolrite Bldg., 1st Floor, P.O.Box 60163 (Jal el Dib), Lebanon. LHOUVUM (Nengcha, Mrs.), Ambassador of India to Lebanon. Born in 1957. Married to Mr. Gautam Mukhopadhaya (Diplomat at Ministry of Foreign Affairs in India), 2 children: Maya & Mihir. Career: Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1980); Second Secretary, Embassy of India in Mexico (1982-84); 2nd Secretary of the upper commission of India-Dhaka & Bengladesh (1984-86); 1st Secretary at Cuba (Havana) (1986-89); Assistant-Director of the Eastern-Europe Department (1989-91); Director of Asia Division of the South-Eastern (1992-96); Vice Counsel- General, New York (1996-99); Director of America & MEA Division (1999-2002); Assistant-Secretary, Ministry of the Interior Affairs in New Delhy, for the Pacific & Asian South-Eastern Division (2002-04); Ambassador of India to Lebanon (2005-). Addr.: Embassy of India, Kantari Str., Sahmarani Bldg., 2nd Floor, P.O.Box: 113-5240, Beirut, Lebanon.

LOURYAN (Zaven, Minas), Psychiatrist. Born on 30 Aug. 1930 at Bourj Hammoud. Son of Minas Louryan (contractor - architect) and Mrs., née Marie Kiredjian. Married on 30 June 1958 to Miss Rose-Marie Soupart, 6 children: Stéphane: Docteur en Médecine (M.D.) Professeur de Médecine à l'Université Libre Bruxelles, Serge: Docteur en Médecine (M.D.) Chef de Clinique Chirugie Hôpital St. Thérèse (Bastogne Belgique), Georges: Formateur Social Centre pour Jeunes Filles à Bruxelles, Karin: Master Business Administration, Sylvie: Licenciée en Sciences économiques Credit Agricole Nice France, Taline: Licenciée en Puericulture et Enfants handicapes de l'Institut Reine Fabiola Bruxelles "Centre la Forestière". Educ.: Mekhitarist College, Free University of Brussels, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp. Dipl.: D.T.M., specialization in psychiatry (1968) D.P.M. Career: Psychiatrist L.H.N .M.D. Lecturer (Forensic Psychiatry) A.U.B., (Asfurieh) since 1968, Psychiatrist in charge of the Prison since 1970 and Psychiatrist Greek-Orthodox Hospital of Beirut since 1970; Legal Psychiatrist since 1970. Pubi: Author of two socioeconomic studies; Forensic medical studies on Prison and drug addicts since the foundation of the said prison in 1955; La Drogue au Liban; Crime and Insanity in Lebanon. Member: of World Federation for Mental Health and of several cultural, social and benevolent societies; Founder of the Armenian C.M.P.P. Hobby: stamp and old watches collecting. Sports: Tennis, racing. Prof, and Priv. Addr.: 75 Rue des Pêcheries, 1170 Brussels, Tel.: 02.672.71.87, Belgium.

LOHEAC AMMOUN (Blanche, Daoud), Artist painter, writer. Born in Lebanon. Daughter of Daoud Ammoun (President of the Administrative Commission) and Mrs., née Victorine Chiha. Widow of Colonel André Lohéac, 3 children: Gwen (Mrs. Jérôme Prat), Lyne and Frank. Sister of the Ambassador Charles Ammoun (died in 1963) who wrote "Cèdre mon Heritage" (published by UNESCO). Educ.: Secondary at the Nazareth Nuns in Beirut, Higher at St. Joseph University. Dipl.: L.L.D. Career: Painter and Writer. Pubi.: "Histoire du Liban" (1937), published in English translation (1972), "Zénobie, Reine de Palmyre" (1964) which was awarded Sobrier Arnould, Prize of the French Academy, "Les Phéniciens en quatorze tableaux" (1984), "Folklore Libanais" (1986), "Liban de Jadis et d'Hier" (1988), Nine Personal Exhibitions in Beirut and Paris. Award: Golden Medal of Lebanese Merit. Hobbies: Creation of jewels, ceramics, singing. Priv. Addr.: 5 Villa Mozart, Tel.: 01.42.88.13.46, 75016 Paris, France.

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 Addr.: Ashrafieh, rue du Liban, Fayad Bldg., facing St. Antoine Church, Tel.: 01-217269, 448331, Beirut, Lebanon.

M

MAALOUF (Camille), Ophthalmologist, Member of Parliament. Born on April 14, 1950 in Niha - Bekaa. Married to May Chaiban, 3 children: Fadi, Marc and Nathalie. Educ.: Secondary, Orient Faculty (Zahlé, 1969); General Medicine, Barcelona University (Spain, 1976); Specialization in Ophthalmology (1980). Career: Ophthalmologist, Elected Deputy in 1996 but did not succeed, reelected for Bekaa - Zahlé (2005-to date). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Place de l'Etoile, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Zahlé/Niha, Camille Maalouf Bldg., Tel.: 03-626250, Lebanon.

MAALOUF (Amin, Ruchdi), Writer. Born in Beirut, 1949. Son of Ruchdi Maalouf (1915-80, Poet, Journalist, Academic) and Mrs., née Odette Ghossein. Married, 3 children. Educ.: Lebanese and French Universities. Dipl.: M.A. in Sociology. Career: Journalist, moved to Paris since 1976; Editor of "An-Nahar Arabe et International", Chief Editor of Jeune Afrique (Paris); Writer. Pubi.: Author of several essay and novels, including: "Les Croisades vues par les Arabes" (1983), "Leon l'Africain" (1986), "Samarcande" (1988), "Les Jardins de Lumière" (1991), "Le Premier Siècle après Beatrice" (1992), "le Rocher de Tanios" (1993), "Les Echelles du Levant" (1996), "Les identités meurtrières"(1998), "0rigines"(2004). Awards: Prix "France-Liban" (1986), Prix "des Maisons de la Presse" (1988), Prix Goncourt (1993). His novels are translated into more than forty languages. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: 6, rue Villebois Mareuil, 75017 Paris, France.

MAALOUF (Edgard, Fouad), Deputy Army officer. Born on Mar. 21, 1934. Son of Fouad Maalouf and Mrs., née Edma Tabet. Married on June 15,1974 in Beirut to Miss Chantal Hélou, 2 daughters: Carine (1975) and Joane (1978). Educ.: Collège des Trois Docteurs; Collège des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes (Sacré-Coeur); Lebanese University (Political Science). Dipl.: General Staff diploma from Ecole de Guerre (Belgium); Diploma in Management from Ecole de Monterey (U.S.A.). Career: Artillery Officer (1957-62); Intelligence Officer (196270); Military Judge (1971-72); Director, Office of Studies and Planificaton (1974); Director of the School of Commissaries at the General Security (1974-78); Director of Operations Office (1979-80); Deputy Director of the High Council of Defence (1980-84); Assistant Chief of the General Staff for Planning (1984); Member of the Military Council (1984-88); Minister of Finance and Health, and of Industry and Petroleum (1988-89), elected Deputy of Metn (2005 to date). Awards: Medal of the Lebanese Merit; Lebanese Legion of Honour. Priv. Addr.: Mtaileb, Metn, Tel.: 04-405402, Lebanon.

MAALOUF (Antoine, Georges), former Civil aviation regional manager. Born on 19 Mar. 1930 in Beirut. Son of Georges Maalouf and Mrs., née Alice Bedran. Married on 16 Jan. 1958 to Miss Blanche Lediraison, 3 children: Roula, Georges and Lina. Educ.: German school, Sacred-Heart College, French Law Faculty. Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certificate). Career: Merchant; joined Lufthansa Civil Aviation Company in 1956, Regional Manager for Lebanon (1963-72), Regional Manager for Iraq (1973-77), Regional Manager for Lebanon, Syria and Jordan of the said Company (1977-93). Member: Suberbia, Lion's club and Skal club of Beirut. Sport: Swimming. Addr.: P.O.Box 681 (Jounieh), Tel.: 03-231319, Lebanon.

MAALOUF (Emile, Eid), Academic. Born on 10 Feb. 1936 at Kfarakab (Metn), Lebanon. Son of Eid Maalouf and Mrs., née Afifé Safadi. Educ.: French Lycée, International College, Institute of Oriental Letters of Beirut; Pembroke College, Cambridge, UK. Dipl.: B.A. (Licence ès-Lettres), Ph.D. (philosophy) Cambridge. Career: Arabic teacher at International College (1957-60), lecturer in Arabic philosophy at American University of Beirut (1960-61), lecturer in Arabic literature and philosophy at Beirut University College (now Lebanese American University) since 1963, lecturer in Arabic literature at the Lebanese University since 1971. Pubi: Author of a number of publications including "A Critical edition of K. al Lamahat by al-Suhrawardi", "The Poetic Vocabulary of Michel Trad, a Study in Lebanese Colloquial Poetry", in colaboration with Dr. M.C. Lyons of Cambridge University. Sports: swimming. Hobbies: music and reading. Prof. Addr.: Lebanese American

MAALOUF (Antoine, Youssef), Playwright. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Married. Career: Playwright, professor of drama at the Lebanese University, Institute of Fine Arts. Act & Pubi: Author of several plays including "al-Iamil", "al-Baal" (1961), "Babel" (1962), "Jaad" (1968) which was awarded 1st prize in the inter Arab contest of dramatic composition, Cairo (Mar. 1969).

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University, Mme Curie Str., P.O.Box 13-5053, Beirut. Prof. Addr.: Madrasset al-Salam, Ashrafíeh, Elia Mokbel Bldg., Tel.: 01-321862, Beirut, Lebanon.

of Foreign Affairs (1999-2003); Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to Warsaw (Pologne) (2003) and on May 19, 2004, non-resident Ambassador to Lituania, Estonia and Latvia. Medals: Papal Medal from the Vatican, Medal from Order of Malta. Sports: Tennis, jogging. Hobbies: Reading, travelling. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon and Embassy of Lebanon, UL Staroscinka lb Apt. 10, 02-516 Warszawa, Warsaw, Pologne.

M A A L O U F (Jean, Mourad), Surgeon. Born on 20 Oct. 1918 at Zahlé (Lebanon). Son of Mourad Maalouf (landowner) and Mrs., née Chafica Jabbour. Married in 1957 to Miss Reneé Sabbagh, 3 children: Elie, Ayman and Mireille. Educ.: Marist Brothers College of Zahlé and Junieh, French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut. Dipl.: M.D. Career: Surgeon in Government hospitals and at Dr. Attiyeh hospital (1945), attached to the Ministry of Public Health (1945-65), to Saadeh and Khoury Hospital (196165), sworn surgeon before Lebanese Government. Sports: Swimming and shooting. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: clinic: Damascus Str., Tabet Bldg., Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Matar and Bouez Str., Maalouf Bldg., 3rd floor, Furn alChebbak, Hay Jadida, Tel.: 01-284265, Beirut, Lebanon.

M A A L O U L I (Michel, Issa), Former Deputy. Born in Zahlé in 1931. Married to Miss Nawal Issa al-Khoury, 2 children: Michèle and Walid. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B., Bachelor (Business Administration). Career: Beirut International Airport, elected deputy for Bekaa-West (1972-92); formerly ViceSpeaker of the Chamber of Deputies. Priv. Addr.: Ramlet el-Baida, Behind Chinese Embassy, al-Manal Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-826535, 03-268111, Beirut, Lebanon.

M A A L O U F (Khalil, Michel), Consulting hydraulic engineer. Born in 1921 in Cairo (Egypt). Son of Michael Maalouf (M.D.), and Mrs., née Lidia Jamal. Married in 1945 to Miss Laurice Khoury, 3 children: Michael-Walid, Lina and Ramzi. Educ: American University of Beirut; Imperial College of Sciences and Technology, London University. Dipl.: B.A., B.Sc., (1945, AUB.) D.I.D., Ph.D. Hydraulics (Imperial College, 1950). Career: Engineer in Iraq Petroleum Co. at Tripoli, Professor of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Engineering at American University of Beirut. Founder-member and President of Associated consulting Engineers. Pubi.: Author of "Commentary on Water Development in the Jordan Valley region" and other publications. Fellow: Institute of Civil Engineers, London; American Society of Civil Engineers; President (1972-74), Engineers and Architects Association of Lebanon. Sports: Swimming and tennis, Hobbies: Piano and music. Prof. Addr.: Verdun Str., Abu Chalache Bldg., 3rd Floor, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sadat Str., Dr. Maalouf Bldg., Tel.: 01-805995, Beirut, Lebanon.

M A A M A R I (Nabil), University lecturer, former civil servant. Born on May 11, 1938 in Beirut. Son of Fouad Maamari and Mrs. Mahiba, née Takchi. Married to Jacqueline Abdel Jalil, two daughters: Sophia and Olivia. Educ.: French Lycée of Beirut; St. Joseph University of Beirut, Faculty of Law. Dipl.: LL.B., Higher Diploma of Public Law. Career: Examiner at the Civil Service Board (1966-72); Research Officer at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Centre for Legal Consultations, Research and Documentation (1972-2002). Work: Lecturer in Law and Public Administration at the St. Joseph University, Faculty of Law and Political Science; Deputy Director of the CEDROMA (Centre d'études des droits du monde arabe) at the said Faculty. Other information: Ford Foundation fellowship (1968-69); Member of several administrative reform commissions since 1973; former consultant to the O M S A R (Office of the Minister of Administrative Reform, Lebanon); Delegate of Lebanon to several international conferences since 1982 (mainly on human rights); President of the Commission on the Drafting of a Convention on the Elimination of Mass Destruction Arms in The Middle East (the League of Arab States); VicePresident of the national committee of the International Association of Legal Science. Pubi: Author of articles in "Proche-Orient, Etudes juridiques"·, contributions to the book "Les Constitutions des pays arabes", " Les droits fondamentaux", etc. Prof. Addr.: CEDROMA, Faculté de droit et des sciences politiques, Université St. Joseph, Campus des sciences sociales, Huvelin Str., Achrafleh, Beirut, Tel.: 01-327585. Priv. Addr.: Khatoun (Beaulieu) Bldg., Badaro Str., Tel.: 01-383472, E-mail: nabilmaamari@y ahoo. fr.

M A A L O U F (Massoud), Diplomat. Born on 25 Nov. 1945. Son of Chafic Maalouf and Mrs., née Adèle Eid. Married to Janet Meyer on 28.8.1983, 2 children: Marc Maalouf (7 Jan. 1987), Christine Maalouf (6 Apr. 1989). Educ.: Lycée Français de Beyrouth, St. Joseph University (Beirut). Dipl.: Licence Economic Sciences, Diploma, Higher Studies in Economic Sciences. Career: Joined Lebanese Civil Service (1969); Head Bureau of General Planification (Ministry of Planification) (1971); Joined Diplomatic Service in June 1972 and served in Lebanon Embassies in Nigeria (1972-77), in Montreal, Canada (1977-79), in Beijing-China (1980), in Tunis, Tunisia (198083), Rome (1983-87), in Beirut, Director of Protocol (198789); Counsellor Washington (1990-95); Ambassador of Lebanon to Chili (Sept. 1995-Mar. 1999); Head of the "Arab League" Department at the Central Administration, Ministry

M A C H N O U K (Mohammad, Abdallah), Journalist, editor and publisher. Born in 1941 in Beirut. Married to

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Nicole Maillard, 4 children: Dina, Nada, Abdallah, Yasmine. Educ.: Secondary Education: I.C.BACII, University Education: BA, PS-PA, AUB 1968, Graduate Studies and Seminars in Marketing and Development in Strasbourg and New York. Professional Career: Present: President & Chairman, Communication Consulting Group (SAL); Masters Publications; ECO News - Business Review, Tel.: 01-647045/6, Fax: 01-657997, E-Mail: [email protected]. Past: Responsible Director, Beirut al-Massa daily newspaper (1961-73); Director, National News Agency (1973-80); Chairman, Federation of Arab News Agencies (1979); Director General, al-Safir Newspaper (1980-81); Chairman, ECO Beirut (The Businessman's Radio) (1992-96). AUB and Alumni Assocation: President, AUB Alumni Association Tel.: 01340817/8, Fax: 01/345182; Life Member of the Alumni Association; Member, Board of Trustees, American University of Beirut, E-Mail: [email protected]. Activities: Member of the Publication Committee; Member of the Steering Committee - Permanent Congress for the Support of AUB; Chairman of several national conferences held by the Alumni Association (First National Sports Conference. The Future of University Graduates) as well as numerous cultural activities; Participated in different international Alumni Conferences & celebrations (Beirut 1991-92, Cyprus 1987, Paris 1991, Washington 1999); Preparation of Rebuild College Half fund raising campaign. Cultural, Social and Other Activities: Press Editors Union, member; Publishers Union, member; al-Makassed Board of Trustees, member; Lebanese Economic Forum, General Secretary; Lions Club - District 357, Lebanon & Jordan, Past Governor; Development & Environment Media Association, Chairman; National Council for Professional & Vocational Training, member; Beirut City Cultural Council, Chairman; Participated in the National Dialogue Conference on Lebanon in Beirut, Geneva and Lausanne. Pubi.: Books Published: 1983: "Angels and Roses" (in English); 1993: "Controversies on Culture and Education"; 1993: "The Media Memory"; 1993: "Media and Political Command"; 1994: "The Challenges of Peace"; 1994: "Ideas for Sale"; 1994: "Diary of a Siege" Beirut 1982; 1994: "Bassamat al Araq" - Insomnia's Fingerprints; 1994: "Um Said - The Voice of the Nation"; 1994: "Water and Difficult Peace"; 1995: "The Government of Beirut" (Municipalities and Decentralization); 1995: "Beirut - a Love Story" (Photographs of Beirut's architectural heritage, vol. 1); 1995: "Beirut-Morning Beauty" (Photographs of Beirut's architectural heritage vol. II); 1997: "2025 - The Holes of the Sieve" - Globalization and Arab Society. Others Publications: 1968: "Journalists Training at Work"; 1968: "The responsibility of the Press in the Arab World"; 1969: "The Higher Press Council in Lebanon"; 1970: "How to study Press columns" (English); 1971: "The impact of Technology on the future of the Press"; 1972: "The Media

& International Organizations" (English); 1964 to present: hundred of articles in major newspapers and magazines. Home Address: Verdun Bldg., 7th floor, Ain el-Tineh Str., Beirut, Tel.: 01-865551, Beirut 2039-7402, Fax: 01810924, E-Mail: [email protected], Lebanon. MACKSOUD (Salim, Wadih), Water resources consultant. Born on June 8,1920, New York. Son of Wadih Salim Macksoud and Mrs., née Jamileh Issa. Married in 1950 to Samia Ibrahim Nassar (1929-2004), 3 children: Wadih 1953, Mona 1955 and Nada 1964. Educ.: American University of Beirut (1937-40), (1944-45) and University of California (1945-47), (1953-54), (1960-62). Dipl.: B.A. and B.Sc., (Civil Engineering) from American University of Beirut, ME (Agricultural Engineering) and D.E. (Irrigation, Drainage and Water Resources) from University of California. Career: Chief Inspector, Local Resources Office in Lebanon for the British Army (194144); Full time American University of Beirut (1947-66); Director, Farm Management Section; Assistant Professor Water Supply and Hydraulics, School of Engineering; Acting Director School of Agriculture; Associate Professor and Head Agriculture Engineering Division; Interim Dean, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Professor of Irrigation AUB Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Part time Professor of Irrigation(l966-92), and Professor Emeritus (1992-); Director, Resources and Environment Department, Dar alHandasah Consultants (Shair and Partners) (1966-89) responsible for studies, design and supervision of construction for over 200 major water-related projects in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Nigeria, Iraq, Morocco and Algeria.Consultant to the firm since 1989: participated in the preparation of the National Industrial Waste Management Plan-Lebanon. Served as Technical Coordinator for the National Reconstruction Plan for Lebanon and in the preparation of the 10 Years Development Plan and other water-related projects. Public Office: President, National Hydrological Committee within the National Council for Scientific Research. Member, Friends of Ibrahim Abdel Al Association. President of Advisory Board and Member of Executive Committee of the Lebanese Fruit Office (1959-66); Vicepresident, Board of Directors, Litani River Authority, (1971-92), Guest Lecturer, International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies in Bari, Italy( 1969-75). Pubi.: Articles and Monographs on soil moisture measurements by neutron scattering methods; water use by various crops; economic and engineering aspects of water resources development; sprinkler irrigation; farm irrigation networks, and distribution systems. Member: Lebanon Order of Engineers and Architects; American Water Resources ; American Society of Agricultural Engineers; American Water Works; . International Water Resources ; Water Pollution Control Federation; Sigma Xi, and Middle East Water Information Network. Hobby: Photography. Addr.: Dar al-Handasah

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Bldg., Verdun Str., P.O.Box. 11-7159, Beirut, Tel.: 961-1790002/3/4/5, Beirut, Lebanon.

American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (first part: Scientific, second part: Math); Bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering. Career: President, Youth Club at the Evangelical Church in Tripoli (1963-65); VicePresident, Lebanese Student League (1968-69); VicePresident, University Students in the Kataeb Party (196970); Head, Kataeb Students in the English-speaking universities (1971-73); Head, Kataeb Students in Akkar (1972-75); Vice president, Kataeb Regional Dept. (197275); member of the Security Council, Kataeb Párty; Consultant Engineer for Middle East Consultant (MEC) (1973-74); Gas Turbine specialist with General Electric (worked in the U.S.A., Spain, England, Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia as gas turbine technical advisor (1974-76); Representative of the Lebanese Forces in Latin America, stationed in Brazil (1976-77); member of the Military Council and of the Political Bureau, Kataeb Party (197778); representative of the Lebanese Forces in North America; head of the North America Region of the Emigrants Department in the Kataeb Party; executive director of the Lebanese Information and Research Center in Washington D.C. (first office to represent the Lebanese Forces outside Lebanon) (1978-83); Elected to the Political Bureau of the Kataeb Party for a three year term (1983-86); re-elected (1986-89); Re-elected (1989-92); Appointed Member of the Lebanese Forces Commandment (1986-94); Elected Head of the Kataeb in Ashrafieh for a Three Year Term (1988-91); managing director of International Business and Trading Co. (IBTC) Beirut (1983- Present); President, TRIPLEV (V.V.V.) a co. that deals with Water and Soil stabilization; General Manager, TRIPLEA (A.A.A.) Contracting and Trading (1998- present). Sports: Tennis, ping-pong, walking. Hobbies: Collecting antiques, painting, reading. Member: Engineering Syndicate North Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Daabool Bldg., 5th floor, Horch Tabet - Sin el-Fil, P.O.Box 165209, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: 01-485656/7/8. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh, 11th street, North Metn, Tel.: 04-403332, 403350, Lebanon.

MADI (Ali, Dr.), University professor, former deputy. Born in 1928 at Chebaa (Marjeyun), Lebanon. Educ.: Ph.D. in Philosophy and Psychology. Career: University professor, elected deputy for Marjeyun-Hasbaya in 1968. Prof. & Private Addr.: Aicha Bakkar, Quartier Dar elFatwa, Rue 67 (Abdel Basset Fakhoury), Taawon Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-787865, 03-777035, Beirut, Lebanon. MADI (Hatem), Magistrate. Born in 1945 at Chebaa, Lebanon. Married, 3 children. Educ.: LLB from Lebanese University (1968), Doctorate of State in Law (1987) Dipl.: Diploma in Public Law & in Private Law. Career: Professor at La Sagesse University, Achrafieh and at Faculty of Law, French Section, Lebanese University. District Judge in Baakline; Criminal District Judge in Saida; Public Lawyer in Saida; First Examining Judge in Nabatieh - South Lebanon; President of Criminal Appeal Court at Mount Lebanon since 1995; Appointed first Examining Magistrate in Beirut (2000-). Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Justice, Beirut, Lebanon. MADI (Mohammad, Z.), Director General of Culture & Higher Education. Born in 1936 at Shebaa, Lebanon. Son of Zattam Madi and Mrs. Fatima (born Nseif). Married in 1962 to Khadije Korne, 4 children: Sawsan (1962), Dina (1965), Houssam (1966), Fida (1967). Educ.: At Different Schools & Universities: Académie Libanaise des Beaux-Arts (ALBA), Lebanese University. Dipl.: Licence in Sociology, Masters in Sociology, DEA in Sociology, Diplôme d'Etudes Post-Universitaires, Five years Architectural Studies equivalent to Professorial Mark in teaching Mathematics. Career: (1967-69): Head of department in the Ministry of general planning/service of planning for development; (1969-74): Head of department of Hotels; (1974-82): Chief of Cabinet in the Ministry of Tourism; (1998-2000): Director General of the Ministry of Culture and Higher Education. Taught for 15 years (as part timer) Math courses for secondary graders in different secondary schools in Beirut. Represented Lebanon in National, Pan-Arab and International Conferences in Tourism. Decor.: Many Decorations especially in Literature. Sport: Jogging. Hobbies: Writing, has six published books in literature and Poetry, in addition to four other books In Progress. Priv. Addr.: Hamra, Cairo Str., Beirut, Lebanon. Mailing Addr.: Mr. Mohammad Z. Madi, c/o Dina M. Shehab, School of Nursing - Faculty of Medicine - American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

MAHDI (Mohamed D.), Mechanical Engineer. Born in 1939 at Bnehran (el-Koura), Lebanon. Son of Hamad Mahdi - Land Owner and Mrs. Najibeh Ibrahim. Married in 1970 to Noha Ibrahim, 4 children: Zeina (1971), Sonia (1974), Samer (1977), Bashar (1985). Educ.: The University of Texas Austin, Texas, U.S.A. Dipl.: B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering (1964); Several Post Graduate Courses; Several Management Seminars. Career: (1995): Board Member, Tripoli Port Authority; (1982-present): Managing Director, Partner Engineering Enterprises, Tripoli, Lebanon; (1980-82): Managing Director, KAL Investment, Yemen Arab Republic; (1977-80): Director, Industrial Division NADCO, Saudi Arabia; (1965-77): Mechanical Engineer, Planning & Project Engineer, Iraq Petroleum Co. Tripoli. Other Information: Board Member, Engineering Association (1987-91): Head of

MAD Y (Alfred), Engineer. Born on 25 Feb. 1948, Bkarzia (Akkar), North Lebanon. Son of Anthony Mady (retired from U.S. Army) and Mrs., née Jamal Obeid. Educ.: Tripoli Boy's School, International College, 221

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Scientific Committee; Editor of "Northern Engineer" Newsletter; Publicity Chairman, Organization of Arab Students U.S.A. Medals: Outstanding Arab Student, U.S.A. (1961). Sports: Golf, tennis, swimming. Hobby: Reading. Clubs: Order of Engineers, Rabita Sakaffiah, Koura Development Council. Credit Cards: Master Card. Priv. Addr.: Koura/Benhran, Mahdi Bldg., Tel.: 06952418, Koura, North Lebanon.

(in french); 2- Les Sociétés étrangères au Liban 1964 (in french); 3- Various Studies and Articles on Law Topics. Sports: Swimming, walking. Hobbies: Books and music. Clubs: Beirut Cosmopolitan Rotary Club. Credit Cards: Visa and Carte Bleue. Prof. Addr.: Massabki-Serhal Bldg., Cairo Str. (Hamra) Beirut, Tel.: 01-349777, 349988, Fax: 01-348712, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.; Hamdane Bldg., Emile Edde Str., Tel.: 01-348409, 348660, Beirut, Lebanon.

MAHFOUZ (Farouk), Member of Banking Control Commission. Born on Nov. 12, 1941 in Machghara, Lebanon. Son of Abdou Mahfouz (deceased) and Mrs., née Fatima Serhal (deceased). Married to Nadia Younes, born on Mar. 20, 1953 in Beirut, 3 children: Riwa (1978), Soha (1981), Imane (1982). Educ.: Amlieh School, Arab University of Beirut. Dipl.: Bachelor in Accounting, Bachelor in Economics, High Studies in Economics. Career: Controller in the Banking Control Commission (1965-73); Head of Credit Department (Banque Nationale pour le Développement Industriel et Touristique (197389); Member of the Banking Control Commission (1990till now). Sport: Walking. Hobbies: Reading, listening to music. Credit Card: Visa Card. Prof. Addr.: Bank of Lebanon, P.O.Box 11-5544, Tel.: 01-343057, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Verdun, Ain-Tineh, Tel.: 01862454, Beirut, Lebanon.

MAHMASSANI (Yahya, Ahmed), Diplomat. Born in 1935 in Beirut. Son of Ahmed Mahmassani (Landlord) and Mrs., née Suheila Mahmassani. Married in 1977 in Beirut to Miss Hoda Abu Zahr, 3 children: Lara, Samer and Ziyad. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: M.A. in Economics. Career: First Secretary of Embassy of Lebanon to United Nations, N.Y. (1969); Deputy Permenant Representative of Lebanon to United Nations New York (1969); Ambassador of Lebanon to Yugoslavia (1982); Chairman of the General Assembly Committee on Social and Human Rights in United Nations (1973). Currently, Ambassador of Lebanon to Austria; Director of International Organizations at the Central Administration, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1991-92); Ambassador to Italy (1992-96) and Permanent Representative to FAO in Rome. Pubi.: "A Central Bank for Lebanon" (1961). Sports: Tennis, swimming. Hobbies: Reading and writing. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

MAHMASSANI (Ghaleb), Lawyer, Born on June 28, 1941, Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Sobhi Mahmassani (former Professor, Lawyer, member of Parliament and Minister (deceased) and Mrs., née Ismat Inkidar. Married on June 26, 1977 in Beirut to Jinane Chalabi, two children: Loulia Mahmassani (Mar. 29,1979), Bashar Mahmassani (June 1, 1981). Educ.: International College, American University of Beirut (AUB), Faculté de Droit de l'Université St. Joseph, Université de Lyon (France). Dipl.: 1-Licences in French Law and Lebanese Law, Beirut, 1962; 2- P.H.D. (Doctorat) in Law, Lyon University, France, 1966; 3- B.A. Political Sciences, AUB, 1962. Career: Attorney-at-law, Law Consultant, Beirut, since 1962; International Arbitrator, Member of the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), Paris - 2000-03; Lecturer in Arbitration - Graduate Studies at the Law Faculty of the Lebanese University; Lecturer at the Law Faculty of St. Joseph University 196375; Lecturer at the Center of Banking Studies in Beirut 1968-75. Other Information: 1- Vice-President of the Stock Exchange Commission 1999-2004; 2- Member of the National Committee of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague (Netherlands); 3- Member of the Legal Commissions at the Central Bank, Association of Banks and the Ministry of Economy and Commerce; 4President of the Commission on Intellectual Property of the ICC-Lebanon; 5-Member of Solidere. Main Legal Publications: 1- L'Organisation bancaire au Liban 1968

MAJDALANI (Atef, Dr.), Doctor in Medicine, Member of Parliament. Born in 1950 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Gladys Amine Aour. Educ.: Licence in Medicine, Leningrad University (Russia, 1976); Specialization in nervous System (France, 1985). Career: Doctor in St. Georges Hospital; Elected Deputy of Beirut I (2000-to date); President of Parliamentary Commission for Health, Labour and Social Affairs (2005-to date). Club: President of Racing Club, Beirut. Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. Clinic: Achrafieh, Selim Bustros Str., Majdalani Bldg., Tel.: 01-201189, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: The same but 2nd Floor. MAJDALANI (Ernest, Gabriel), M.D. paediatrician, faculty lecturer. Born in 1921 at BuenosAires (Argentina). Son of Gabriel Majdalani. Married in Nov. 1951, 4 children. Educ.: Faculties of Medicine of Beirut and France. Dipl.: M.D. (Beirut), aggregation in France. Career: former chief of paediatrics at French Maternity, Chief St. Therese Hospital of Hadath, M.D. to Lebanese Red Cross, Lecturer in Paediatrics at the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Chief M.D. at Paediatrics Department of St. George's Hospital. Pubi.: Wrote a number of medical studies and lectures on

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paediatrics. Award: Knight, Academic palms. Member: French Pediatrics Association, Lebanese Association for Child Health, French Medical Association. Hobbies: Music and organ. Prof. Addr.: Zahar Str., Zahar Bldg., 1st floor, Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 165993 (Ashrafieh), Tel.: 01-322516, 449853, Beirut and St. Georges Hospital, P.O.Box 166378 (Ashrafieh). Priv. Addr.: Tueni Str., Tel.: 01-321674, Beirut, Lebanon.

25, 1995-Nov. 6, 1996). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. MAKDISI (Samir, A.K.), Professor of Economics, American University of Beirut. Born in 1932 in Beirut. Son of Anis Κ. Makdisi (late) Prof, of Arabic, AUB and Mrs. Salma Κ. Makdisi (late). Married in 1962 in Beirut to Miss Jean Said, 3 children: Saree (1964), Ussama (1968) and Karim (1970). Educ.: A.U.B. - B.A. in Economics (with distinction), M.A. Columbia University (New York), Ph.D. in Economics. Dipl.: B.A., M.A. Ph.D., - Economics. Career: Prof, of Economics, AUB - since 1972; Since 1993, Deputy President (AUB); Minister of Economy & Trade (1992); International Monetary Fund (1962-72); Consultant to International & Regional Organizations. Other Information: Chairman of the Board, Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries, Iran & Turkey since 1993. Hobby: Classical Music. Associations: Professional Associations. Credit Cards: Visa, Master, American Express. Prof. Addr.: AUB, Tel.: 01-347127, 343449, 347167, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: 392, Bliss Str., Beirut, Tel.: 01-861301, 866083, Email: [email protected], Lebanon.

MAJED (Khalil Mohamed), Lawyer, former Director General of C.N.S.S. Born in 1938 at Kherbet Selm (South Lebanon). Educ.: LL.B., Higher Public and Private Law Studies at Lebanese University, Thesis Doctorat d'Etat in Law. Career: Professor, Faculty of Law, Lebanese University (1979-95); Professor, Faculty of Human Sciences, St. Joseph University (1998-99); Appointed, Director General, C.N.S.S. (Jan. 1999-2002). Other Information: Occupied several positions such as: Judicial Assistant at the Minsitry of Justice; Chief Accountant and Secretary at Water Office of Mount Lebanon; Inspector and Legal Adviser at the C.N.S.S. Addr.: C.N.S.S., Corniche Mazraa, Baghdad Str., Wata Mousseitbe, near General Security, Tel.: 01-700280, 819298, Beirut, Lebanon.

MAKHLOUF (Emile), Lawyer. Born on 22 Nov. 1937 in Ain Rihaneh. Son of Mansour Makhlouf (Trader) and Mrs., née Eugenie Takla. Married in 1966 in Beirut to Miss Samia Philip Boulos, 3 children: Nabil, Maya and Nadim. Educ.: Our Lady of Jamhour College, St. Joseph University, American University, Faculty of Law of Paris, British Council. Dipl.: LL.B. of Beirut University, Bachelor of High Studies of Public Law, Paris University. Career: Lawyer to the Bar of Beirut since 1962. Pubi: "India in the first days of Independence", lecture published in the records of Faculty of Law of Paris (1962-63); Thesis of Doctorate "The Free Trade and its Influence on the Political Institutions; For example Lebanon, trading Nation". Hobby: Stamp-collection. Sports: Swimming, yoga. Clubs: Secretary General of Maronite Central Council; Member of Committee of Cine-Club of Beirut; President of Association of Mar Charbel in Mousseitbeh (Beirut). Prof. Addr.: Badaro, Badaro Str., Comair Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-386026, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Verdun, Bashir Kassar Str., Makhlouf Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-813406, Beirut, Lebanon.

MAKARI (Chucri), Industrial (P.D.G. of "Super Brasil Company"). Son of Youssef Makari, Trader and Mrs. Latife Makari. Married on Dec. 15, 1957 in Baino (Akkar) to Mouna Madi, Three children: Diva (Sept. 26,1958), Katia (Nov. 19,1960), Denise (Apr. 15,1962). Educ.: Orthodoxe College Horns (Syria) Dipl.; Accounting. Career: 1949-55: Trader in Brazil; 1955-70: Trader & Industrialist in Brazil; 1970-onward: Industrialist in Lebanon (Owner of "Super Brasil Company"). Other Information: Honorary Consul of Brazil in Tripoli (Lebanon). Clubs: Deir al-Kalaa Country Club,Yarzé Club. Credit Cards: Master Card, Visa Card. Prof. Addr.: Mkalles, Super Brasil Center, Tel.: 01-680680, 685080, 03-922929, P.O.Box 66 Mansourieh-Metn, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.:Yarzé, Baabda. Tel.: 05-924111, 05-924333, 03680103, Lebanon. MAKARI (Farid, Nabil), Deputy, former Minister. Born on Oct. 24,1947 in Enfeh, near Tripoli. Son of Nabil Makari (politician). Married in 1981 to Miss Maha Emile Boueri, one child: Nabil (1987). Educ.: Texas University (USA). Dipl.: Civil Engineering. Career: Businessman, mainly in Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Europe and U.S.A. (1972-92); President of Saudi Oger, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Paris (1987) where he participated in a number of construction and development projects; elected Member of Parliament (Oct. 20, 1992, and re-elected on Aug. 25,1996 to date); Deputy/Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament (2005- to date) .Appointed Minister of Information (May

MAKHOUL (Asaad), General in the Lebanese Army. Born on 17 Feb. 1953 in Memneh, Lebanon. Son of Badr Makhoul and Mrs. née Teresia Badwi. Married in 1983 at Memneh to Nader Naifeh. 3 children: Sawsan (18 Nov. 1985); Theresa (19 Jan. 1988); George (6 Jan. 1992). Educ.: Lebanese University. Dipl.: Diploma in Law; Musical diploma in "Lute". Career: Far from the army of field, art and literature have a big part in his life. Pubi.: has written three books so far, which are: "From the cedars to the pyramids" (1996); "My Expression" (2000); "The 223

MAKHZOLMI

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Gutter" (2006). Medals & Decorations: Several military medals. Sports Practiced: walking in the nature. Hobbies: Music, Writing reading and keeping the environment clean. Prof.Addr.: Ministry of Defense/ Yarze 1701. Priv. Addr.: Officer's buildings at Jamhour. Tel.: 05-468629, 03-468629. E-mail: [email protected].

and humanitarian works: The Future Millennium Foundation, located in the United States and The Makhzoumi Foundation in Beirut, Lebanon; The Makhzoumi Foundation avails a number of philanthropic offerings to the Lebanese people, comprising of vocational training in a great number of fields, medical care programs, guidance and awareness programs, agro forestry and desertification related activities in conjunction with European Union NGOs, as well as a micro credit program. The latter program provides small scale loans to individuals in order to help them gradually to finance their own sustainability in life. The micro credit program is carried-out with, primarily, the financial support of the founder, Mr. Fouad Makhzoumi and of other international organizations, such as USAID and CNEWA. Sports Practiced: Exercise Basketball, Tennis. Hobbies: Reading, Theatre, Walking. Credit Cards: American Express,Visa,Masters.Addr.:C/0 Makhzoumi Foundation, Al Kalaa Tower, Al Kalaa Street, P.O.Box 13-5009, Ras Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Tel.: (+961) 1 860940 - 865759; Fax: (+961) 1 863949. Email: [email protected], Websites: www.makhzoumi.com; www.makhzoumifoundation.org;www.futurepipe.com; www.mersinfo.com;www.alhiwar.com; www.futuregroup.biz.

MAKHZOUMI (Fouad), Industrialist Philanthropist, Public Affairs. Born on Aug. 30, 1952 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Mustapha Makhzoumi (Civil Servant) and Mrs. Née Aicha Zeidan. Married on Dec. 1975 to May Naamani. 3 children: Rami (1977), Tamara (1982), Camellia (1986). Educ.: Preliminary and secondary education from the International College, Beirut. Dipl.: Undergraduate (1974); Master of Science degrees in Chemical Engineering from Michigan Technological University in Michigan, United States of America (1975). Career: In 1975 he started his business career in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where he played a strategic role in developing one of the largest private industrial groups of companies; In 1984 he acquired a substantial interest in a UAE Industrial Company. He managed and developed it to become then core of Future Pipe Industries Group with specialized subsidiaries throughout the world. These subsidiaries own industrial, financial, commercial, real estate, consultancy, security, information, multimedia and publishing businesses, as well as research centers. These interests are located in 23 countries such as Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Egypt, Italy, France, The Netherlands, Germany, UK, Spain, U.S.A., Thailand, and Singapore and others. Positions: He is presently the Chairman of Future Pipe Group; He acted as the President of the International Desalination Association (IDA) (199597) and he is currently the Controller of the Association; He also acted as Vice Chairman of the Institute for Social and Economic Policy in the Middle East at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (1995-98); He is currently a member of the International Board of the "Council on Foreign Relations - US/Middle East Project" since 1996; Founder and Chairman of the Executive Board of the National Dialogue Party since 2004. Public Activities: He started his involvement in Public Affairs after the Lebanese civil war ended. His economic experience allowed him to understand a lot about the political and social situation, he is leading economist who looks at economy as a main element in the development of countries; He has many contributions to the Press and edits the "Mirror of the Arab Press", the first daily electronic newspaper, in English and Arabic, with a site on the Internet's Worldwide Web; He sponsored a study on "Harnessing Trade for Development and Growth in the Middle East", prepared by a group of experts selected by the US Council on Foreign Relations. Humanitarian Activities: They focus on the redevelopment of Lebanon and the welfare of its people; He is the founder of two foundations, devoted to charitable

MAKHZOUMI (May), Pharmacists, Philanthropist. Born May Naamani on Aug. 18, 1952 in Beirut, Lebanon. Daughter of Noureddine Naamani (Trade /Industry) and Mrs. Nehmat Naamani. Married to Mr. Fouad Makhzoumi on Dec. 13, 1975 in Beirut. 3 children: Rami (1977), Tamara (1982), Camellia (1986). Educ.: Lebanese Baccalaureate I, Scientific from Makassed School (1970); Lebanese Baccalaureate II, Experimental Sciences from International College in Beirut (IC) (1971). Dipl.: Bachelor of Science degree in Pharmaceutical Science from American University of Beirut AUB (1975). Career: Pharmacist, Commodore Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon (1975-76); Pharmacist, Out Patient Pharmacy in Kings Faisal Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1976-77); Director, Future Management Services London, UK (1982-92); Chairperson, Future Management Services, London, UK (1992-to date);Director, Residents Association, London, UK (1982-to date); Vice President, Makhzoumi Foundation, Lebanon (1997-2000); President, Makhzoumi Foundation (2000-to date); Director, Future Pipe Group London, UK (2001-to date). Experience: Management, Accounting, Personnel. Languages: Arabic, English and French. Sports Practiced: Walking, hiking. Hobbies: Reading, Walking, Art, Theatre. Clubs and Associations: IOD International Who's Who historical Society; American University of Beirut Alumni Association; Syndicate of Pharmacists. Credit Card: American Express, Visa, Master. Addr.: C/O Makhzoumi Foundation, Al Kalaa Tower, Al Kalaa Street, P.O.Box 135009, Ras Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Tel.: (+961) 1 869 211,

224

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Kanoun (in English, 1999). Prof. Addr.: Ministry of

Email:[email protected]; [email protected]; Web site: www.makhzoumifoundation.org

Economy, Beirut, Lebanon.

M A K K A W I (Dr. Khalil), Diplomat. Born in Beirut

MALAK

(Johnny,

Antoine),

Physician,

in 1930. Married to Miss Zahira Sibaei, 2 children: Zina

dermatologist. Born on 18 Apr. 1932 in Jaffa. Son of

and Ziad. Education: American University of Beirut ( B A

Antoine Malak (Printing business) and Mrs., née Evelyne

Pol. Sci.); Cairo University ( M A Pol. Sci.); Columbia

Saidah. Married in 1957 to Miss Wadad Fuleihan, 2

University, N.Y. (Ph.D. International Relations). Career:

children: Sary and Samer. Educ.: American University of

Joined Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1957, United

Beirut, Johns Hopkins University & Hospital (Baltimore,

Nations Section 1957-59, Attache to Lebanese Permanent

Maryland, U S A ) . Dipl.: B.A. in Medicine (1952), M.D.

Mission to the U.N., N e w York 1959, Deputy Perm. Rep.

(1956). Career: Physician, General Practice, Trans-

1961-64;

Arabian Pipe Line Company (1956-57); Physician in

First

Secretary,

Lebanese

Embassy

in

Washington 1964-66; Chief of International Relations

Charge, Trans-Arabian Pipe Line Company, Tapline

Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut 1967-70;

Hospital,

Counsellor,

1970-71,

Physician, Trans-Arabian Pipe Line Company, Tapline

1971-73; Ambassador to the

Hospital, Turaif, Saudi Arabia; Fellow in Dermatology,

Lebanese

Embassy,

Minister Plenipotentiary German

Democratic

Republic

London 1973-78;

Member

Rafha,

Saudi

Arabia

(1957-59);

Senior

Dermatology Department, the Johns Hopkins University

Lebanese Delegation to the United Nations General

and Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, U S A

(1960-62);

Assembly Meetings from 14th-32nd Sessions 1959-77;

Visiting

Hospitals,

Ambassador to the Court of Saint James, London and to

Baltimore,

Ireland 1978-83; Director of Political Affairs, Ministry of

Dermatologist, Baltimore City Hospitals,

Foreign Affairs 1983-85; Ambassador to Italy and Perm.

Maryland

Rep. to the Food and Agriculture Organization to the

(Dermatology) American University of Beirut (Jan. 1963-

Dermatologist, Maryland (USA)

United Nations, Rome, 1985-90; Perm. Rep. of Lebanon

65); Clinical American

University

Lebanese

Professor

of

to

the

Middle

East

Peace

(USA)

(1962);

to the United Nations (1990-94); Vice-President of the Delegation

Baltimore

(1961);

Associate

Instructor in Medicine (1965-68);

Medicine

City

Attending Baltimore,

in

Medicine

(Dermatology),

Assistant

(Dermatology),

Clinical American

Negotiations in Washington, D.C. 1993; President of the

University of Beirut (July 1968-July 1979), Associate

Executive Board of UNICEF 1995. Awards: Chevalier,

Clinical Professor of Dermatology, American University

Lebanese Order of the Cedars, Great Cross of the Merit of the

Italian

Republic.

Clubs:

Travellers':

of Beirut since July 1979. Awards and Pubi: Merit

RAC;

Award, Medical

Chapter, A U B Alumni

Association

Hurlingham (all London). Addr.: John Kennedy Str., al-

(1984); Service Award, Dermatology Dept, American

Nada Bldg., 9th floor, P.O.Box 113-5897 Beirut, Tel.: 01-

University

372550, 03-774656, Beirut, Lebanon.

Dermatological Society (2000) - Several Publications and Studies.

MAKKI

of

Beirut;

Member:

Service

Lebanese

Award,

order

of

Lebanese Physicians,

International Society of Tropical Dermatology, Lebanese

(Fadi), Economist, Director General -

Ministry of Economy. Born on Sept. 13, 1968. Married.

Dermatological

Educ.: Doctorate of International Commerce (University

University of Beirut), President: A U B Medical Alumni

Society, Sigma X i

Club

(American

of Cambridge, U.K.); Master in Commerce & Economic

Association (1971-73); Lebanese Dermatological Society

in

(1992-94). Hobby: Music. Prof. Addr.: Asso. Clin.

Law,

Professor of Dermatology American University of Beirut.

Lebanese University; B.A. (Bachelor of Arts), American

Priv. Addr.: al-Mabani Bldg., Abdel-Aziz Str., Tel.: 01-

Laws

(University

International University

of

Law;

London,U.K.);

First

Degree,

of Beirut. Career:

Master

Faculty

of

Trade Consultant

344474, Ras Beirut, Lebanon.

&

Member of several Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Economy & Trade (Qatar, 1987-); Consultant/Expert in United

M A L L A T (Georges, Chibli), Magistrate, military public prosecutor. Born on 13 Apr. 1922 in Baabda (Lebanon). Son of Chibli Bey Mallat (Poet of the Cedars). Married in 1944 to Miss Laure Freifer, 3 children. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: on the Bench, successively examining judge at Bekaa (Zahlé) (1953), examining judge in Beirut(1956); Beirut Military Public Prosecutor (1960), President of the Criminal Court of Beirut (1971), president of the Military Supreme Court (1972); and President of the Special Tribunal of the Wakfs(1978). Awards: Knight, National Order of Cedar; Commdr., Humanitarian Order of France and other

Nations Development Program, Ministry of Economy (Algeria, 2001-); Consultant/Expert of Gulf Industrial Organization (Qatar, 2001-); Advisor to Minister of Trade & Economy (Jul.-Nov. 1999); Contributed for developing the Lebanese Diplomatic Note about Foreign Trade Organization (Supervisor

to of

International Lebanese

&

Trade

Organization;

International

Laws);

Consultant/Expert, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (1998-). Appointed Director

General,

Ministry of Economy (2002-). Pubi: "Loubnan Youwajeh At-Tahadi" (in arabic, 2000); "Attadwill wa Siadat A l

225

MALLAT

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

distictions. Sport: Shooting. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: Law Courts, Sami as-Solh Avenue, Tel.: 01383200, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Military Tribunal Str., Zouain Bldg., 8th floor, près Ecole des Lettres, Tel.: 01-615048, Beirut, Lebanon.

Minister of Social Affairs (July 1965-Apr. 1966), President (Bâtonnier) of the Lebanese Bar Association (1972-74), President of the Lebanese Constitutional Council, (1994Apr. 1997) . Prof. Addr.: Place du Musée, Damas Str., Mathaf Bldg., 2nd floor, P.O.Box 1280, Tel./Fax: 01424812, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: St. Mitr Str., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-322882, Beirut, Lebanon.

MALLAT (Georgine, Chaer, Mrs.), Ambassador of Colombia to Lebanon. Born on Nov. 17,1945 in Jounieh, Lebanon. Married, 2 children: Georges & Nabil. Educ.: Secondary at "Collège de la Sainte Famille Française", Beirut. Dipl.: Licence in French Law(Lyon University) and in Lebanese Law. Languages: English, French, Spanish and Arabic. Career: Barrister; Lawyer in Beirut (1969); Honorary Consul of Colombia in North Lebanon (1996); Participated at several private Symposium in Law. Ambassador of Colombia to Lebanon (2003). Pubi.: Author of two works, title of one "L'émeraude était bleue" in French. Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Colombia, Beirut, Lebanon.

MANASSEH (Tony, Philip), Financial & management consultant. PDG, Consolidated Investment & Management. Born in Beirut 28 Dec. 1950. Son of Dr. Philip Manasseh (MD.32 AUB) & Mrs. Odette née Nassar. Married in 1987 to Jocelyne Sayegh, 2 children: Joya & Philip. Educ.: International College (I.C.) Bacc II Exp. Sciences 1970. American University of Beirut, B.S. Biology-Chemistry 1973; London School of Economics, Advanced Studies Diploma in Banking & Finance 1975. Career: 1975-80: Marketing Director, Young & Rubicam Int'l, in Kuwait, Emirates and Iran working on Chrysler, Procter & Gamble and R.J. Reynolds. 1980-85: Financial Consultant with Bank of America in Los Angeles, California. PDG of Consolidated Investment & Management (1985-present) in Beirut, Lebanon handling investment portfolios in equities, mutual funds and realestate as well as management consultancy. Activities: Founder and first president of Association Libanaise de Soutien Medico-Hospitalier (1990-94), Member of Board of Governors in the following: Dahr el-Bachek Hospital (since 1999), Brummana High School (1980-85 and 1999present), Beirut Association for Social Development (1998-present), Elyssar (Council for the Development of the Southern Entrance of Beirut, since 2001). Also Member in the Rassamblement de Dirigeants et Chefs d'Entreprises Libanais (RDCL) and President of its Real Estate & Investment Committee. Also board member of The Lebanese Economic Forum (2001-present). Attended/participated in conferences on "Public Hospital: Needs & Development" (NHS, London 1992), "Economic Strategies for Developing Nations" (New Mexico 1996), "Arab Cities, Needs & Development" (Ryad 1998), "East West Relations and Cultural Diversity"(Wasselborogh, Maine, U.S.A. 2005). Sports: Tennis, swimming and skiing. Hobbies: Antiques, architecture & cultural tourism. Clubs: Automobile and Touring Club of Lebanon. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa and Master Card. Office Address:Achrafieh, Sodeco, President Sarkis Av., Freij Bldg., 3rd Floor, Tel.: 01/616849-50, Fax: 01/616851, Beirut, Lebanon. Residence: 5th floor, 122 Sursock Str., Ashrafieh, Beirut, Tel.: 01-214400, 214500, Lebanon.

MALLAT (Hyam, Georges), Lawyer. Born on July 26, 1945 in Baabda (Lebanon). Son of Georges Mallat and Mrs née Laure Freifer. Married to Me Georgine Chaer, 2 children: Georges and Nabil. Educ.: International College (A.U.B.), Lebanese University, St. Joseph University of Beirut, Higher School of Letters (Lyon University). Dipl.: LL.B., B.A. (Sociology), M.A. (Sociology and Economics). Career: Lawyer; Former President of the National Fund of the Social Security (1993-99); Former President of Archives Nationales (1999-2002); Professor of law at St. Joseph University and other universities. Pubi.: "Territorial Development and Environment in Lebanon" (1971); "Problems of Economic Development in Lebanon" (1971); "Technique of Social Survey for TownPlanning"; "Population in Lebanon" (1971); "Eau du Liban, Pétrole du Liban" (1982); "Le Droit de l'Urbanisme et de l'Environnement au Liban (1982); Le Droit de l'Urbanisme, de la Construction, de l'Environnement et de l'Eau au Liban (1997) Second Edition (2003); "Les Systèmes de Sécurité Sociale et d'Assurances Sociales dans les Pays Arabes; Afrique du Nord et Moyen-Orient" (1999); "L'Académie Française et le Liban" (2001Médaille de Vermeil du Rayonnement de la Langue et de la Littérature Françaises" awarded by L'Académie Française in 2002); Renan au Liban (1997) articles in l'Orient newspaper (1962-70). Prof. Addr.: 217, Sami Solh Avenue, UCA Bldg., Tel: 01- 384713/714, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sami Solh Avenue, Makarem Bldg., Tel: 01382283, Beirut, Lebanon. MALLAT (Wajdi, Chibli), former President of the Constitutional Council, lawyer, former minister. Born in 1920 at Baabda (Mount Lebanon). Son of Chibli Bey Mallat (Poet of the Cedars). Educ.: St Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer, Director General Arab Information Office UNESCO Paris (1948-49),

MANASTERSKI (Rudolph, Alexandre), Formerly Chairman and Director of companies. Born in 1927 in Beirut, Son of Alexandre Manasterski (former director general of Lebanese Customs) and Mrs., née Victoria Talhame. Married in 1947 to Miss Carmen Tohme, 3

226

MANTOURA

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION children: Marc, Aline and Danielle. Educ.: Sacred-Heart College of Beirut. Dipl.: Organization Counsellor (specialization in finance and banking in Europe). Career: Joined Banque de Syrie et du Liban (14 years), chief Methods Bureau at Agencies Directorate, counsellor to Administrative Reform of the Lebanese State, founder and former chairman and general manager of bank, lecturer at the National Institute of Public Administration (1964), Former Vice-President of the Financial Advisers Association (Lebanon); International business activities (in the Arab Countries and in Europe). Commercial Counselor at the Belgian Ministry of Commerce, Brussels. Mandataire de "L'Office National du Ducroire" (Belgium); Founder/President of "Ligue Latine-Liban". Act. & Pubi.: reorganized the different State administrative services, as well as the services of a number of commercial and industrial companies, of several banks, entrusted with the reorganization of the Chamber of Deputies and the drafting of administrative regulations. Awards: Knight, National Order of Cedar; Medal, Lebanese Order of Merit; Commandeur de l'Ordre de Leopold (Belgique); Commdr., Overseas French Merit Order; Medal, Civic Education Merit Order (France). Sports: Swimming and tennis. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 5828, Tel.: 01333760,324280,200157, Beirut, Priv. Addr.: Asmar Bldg., Ibrine Str., Ashrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon.

Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (1961); Ph.D., University of Paris (1963), LL.D. Career: Professor at Kaslik Holy Spirit University, at Lebanese University and at St. Joseph University (1971); Director, Sickness Branch at Social Security National Fund; Elected deputy (1972); Minister of Defence in Mr. Hoss Government (Nov. 1989-90); Minister of Information (1990-92); Minister of State (2004-2005); Author of "Al Inqilab alai T a e f ' (1993). Prof. Addr.: Ulpianos Str., Carlton Bldg., 2nd floor, Raouche, Tel.: 01-801222, 03-377072, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ras Baalbeck, Lebanon. M A N S O U R (Jean, Khalil), Cleric. Born on 27 July 1928 at Ras Baalbeck. Son of Khalil Mansour (merchant) and Mrs., née Toufaha Khalaf. Educ.: St. Paul seminary of Harissa, St Joseph University of Beirut, Strasbourg University. Dipl.: B.A., LL.B. (Bachelor journalism), PH.D. (Oriental studies). Career: ordained to the priesthood in Paulist Congregation (June 1952), director of studies at Harissa small seminary (1952-57), headmaster and professor of Arab philosophy and literature at St Peter College of Marmarita, Syria (1957-68), contributor then manager "al-Masarrat" journal, first Assistant Paulist Congregation since May 1968, lecturer at the Information Institute (Lebanese University); Professor at the Lebanese University (1973-91); Consecrated auxiliary bishop of the Greek Catholic Patriarch (1980). Pubi: Wrote a thesis on an Arabic manuscript of A.D. 900. Translated in Arabic several important religious works. Sport: Walking. Hobby: Reading. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Greek Catholic Patriarchate, Raboueh, P.O.Box 70071, Tel.: 04-413111, 407388, Antelias Suburb, Lebanon.

MANSOUR (Adnan), Ambassador of Lebanon to Tehran, Iran. Born on Jan. 5, 1946 at Bourj el-Brajneh, Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Hassan Mansour. Married to Leila Fakhoury, three children: Hassan (1977), Houssam (1979), Miss Layal (1982). Educ.: Université St. Joseph (Beirut). Dipl.: Licence in Political and Administrative Sciences, Master in Political Theory (diplômes d'Etudes Supérieuress). Career: 1974-77: Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 1979-81: Chargé d'Affaires, Embassy of Lebanon (Khartoum); 1981-84: Counsellor (Athens); 1984: Consul General (Melbourne); 1984-85: Director of Cabinet Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 1985-90: Consul General Alexandria (Egypt); 1990-94: Ambassador Extr. & Pienip. of Lebanon to Kinshassa (Zaire); 1994-99: Director of Cipher at the Central Administration; Member of the Lebanese Delegation for the Ordinary session of the United Nations Organization in New-York for the years 94-95-96-97-98; Presently Ambassador of Lebanon to Tehran, Iran. Awards: Commander, Order of Honour (Hellenic Republic), Ordre de Leopard (Republic of Zaire). Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Lebanon, Gharani Av., Kalantari Str., No. 31, Tehran, Iran, Tel.: +98-21-8906051. Priv. Addr.: Pasdaran Av-Golestan 3rd, No. 37, Tel.: 2542291, Tehran, Iran.

M A N S O U R (Moustapha, Ahmad), State counsellor. Born in Beirut. Son of Ahmad Mansour. Educ.: alMakassed College of Beirut and St. Joseph University (Faculty of Law). Dipl.: LL.B. Career: at the State Council. Doctor in Law (Faculty of Law, St. Joseph University); Lawyer at the Court; Conseiller d'Etat Honoraire. Priv. Addr.: al-Akhtal Str., Mansour Bldg., 1st floor, Moussaitbeh, Decente Cola, Tel./Fax: 01-316666, Beirut, Lebanon. M A N S O U R (Nazih), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1954 at Taybeh, South Lebanon. Married to Ghada Chamseddine, 2 children. Educ.: Elementary and Supplementary, Taybeh Official School; Baccalaureate, Teachers College. Career: Professor at Taybeh Official School; Lawyer since 1984- to date; Elected Deputy (1996-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. M A N T O U R A (Raymond, Wadi'), Merchant. Born July 1917 in Alexandria (Egypt). Son of Wadi' Mantoura and Mrs., née Alexandrine Tasso. Married on 9 Nov. 1940 to Miss Leontine Gabriel Badr, 2 children: Nabil and Fadi. Educ.: Cairo Faculty of Law, St. Joseph University of

M A N S O U R (Albert, Sami), Former Deputy and former minister. Born at Ras Baalbeck in 1939. Son of Sami Mansour (M.D.) and Mrs., née Haoula Ghannam. Married in Oct. 1967 to Miss Amai Farah, 4 children: Leila, Lama, Sami, Hiba. Educ.: St. Joseph University of

227

MAOUCHY

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate), Law Studies (One year). Career: merchant in Palestine until 1938, teacher of French, History and Geography at Patriarchal College of Beirut until 1941; Owner, Ets. Raymond Mantoura. Sports: Tennis and swimming; President of the Aero Club du Liban. Hobbies: Interior decoration, music and motor cars. Prof. Addr.: Ets. Raymond Mantoura, P.O.Box 11-1106, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Nasra Str. No. 321, Park Bldg., Tel.: 01-321563, 335747, Beirut, Lebanon.

(formerly Associated Bank) (19 Mar. 1994-15 June 1994); General Manager to Widelink Network Inc. (Mar. 1995Nov. 1996). Department of Labor and employment: "Assistant Labor Attaché", Embassy of Philippine to State of Kuwait (13 Mar. 1997-Oct. 1998); Labor Attaché to Qatar (1998-99); Labor Attaché to Kingdom of Bahrain (1999-2003). Department of Foreign Affairs: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Philippines to Lebanon, with conçurent jurisdication over Syrian Arab Republic (21 Sept. 2003-to present). Awards: Gawad ng Pagkilala for the invaluable support during the state visit of H.E. Fidel V. Ramos ant the First Lady (13 Sept. 1997); Gawad ng Pagkilala for the invaluable support extended to OFWs given by INC Doha, (7 Aug. 1999); Plaque of appreciation given by INC Bin Omran Extension Doha, State of Qatar (7 Aug. 2002); Gawad ng Pagkilala given by Iglesia in kristo, UAE Locale for the invaluable support and assistance to OFWS United Arab Emirates; Plaque of Recognition given by Shk. Ali bin Abdullah al Thani, for honest and good services rendered, Doha, State of Qatar (16 Dec. 1998); Certificate of Appreciation, given by the Technical Session of the Second Middle East Conference of Filipino CPA's, Gulf Hotel, Manama, Bahrain (12 Nov. 1999); Congratulatory letter from POEA Administrator on the success of the Filipino ID system a pioneer project launched in the posts. Grand of Step Increments to Deserving Official and employees of the government awarded by the Labor Secretary (16 Dec. 1999); Certificate of Recognition for the able and outstanding guidance in the delivery of OWWA programs and services to Filipino workers in the Kingdom of Bahrain Given by OWWA administrator Eleuterio N. Gardiner (2 May 2002); Diploma of honour for dedicated service to the OFWs given by leaders of the Filipino Community in the Kingdom of Bahrain (1 Nov. 2002); Ambassador's award for Merit and Leadership Embassy of the Philippines, Manama, Bahrain (1 May 2002). Sports practised: Swimming, basketball, table tennis. Hobbies: Playing Piano, composing songs. Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Philippines, Raouché, Design Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01791092/3/4, 03-859430, Fax: 01-791095, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Ain Saadé, Villa Yammine, Tel.: 04-879113, Lebanon.

MAOUCHY or EL MEOUCHY (Georges, Assai), Strategic Management Consultant. Born on 14 Jan. 1941 (Beirut). Son of Assaf Meouchy (Interior Decorator) and Mrs., née Marie Daou. Married on 12 June 1971 in Beirut to Miss Andree Nasnas, 3 daughters: Taghrid Gwendoline, Lamice Geraldine and Yusra Valerie. Educ.: Jesuits School, College of Christian Brothers, St. Joseph University of Beirut, Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires (INSEAD), Fontainebleau (France), followed by postgraduate seminars at McGill University of Montreal (Canada) and at Harvard Business School of Boston (USA). Dipl.: MBA (INSEAD). Career: in banking (4 years), in contracting (4 years), in insurance (28 years in insurance) and international Trade (4 years). Hobbies: Contemporary history and geopolitical matters, parapsychological phenomena and existence of intelligent life in outer space. Sports: Swimming and jogging. Member: of Alumni Association (INSEAD). Prof. Addr.: DGM - Support & Control, AXA Middle East SAL, Jal elDib Highway, Zard Zard Bldg., P.O.Box 11-575 Beirut, Tel.: 04-716333/444/555. Priv. Addr.: Sin el-Fil, Horch Tabet, Nasnas Bldg. Tel.: 01-481674, 481673, Lebanon and 55, Rue Erianger, 75016 Paris, Tel.: 01-47430763, France. MARINO (Ramoncito Santiago), Ambassador of Philippines to Lebanon. Born on Dec. 16, 1962 in Manila. Son of Salvador Lim Marino (Lawyer) and Mrs. Carmen Santiago Marino (Doctor). Married to Marissa Mitra Marino, two children: Eunice Anne Mitra Marino (Aug. 3, 1982), Juan Ramon Mitra Marino (May 17, 1988). Educ.: Preparatory: Ateneo de Manila University (1968-69), Grade School: Ateneo de Manila University (1969-76), High School: Ateneo de Manila University (1976-80), College: Ateneo de Manila University (1980-81) University of the East BSBA Accounting (1981-85). Dipl.: BSBA major in Accouting. Career: Philippine National Bank Corporation: Corporate Executive Officer I to Philippine National Bank (26 Mar. 1990-31 Mar. 1991), Corporate Executive Officer III (9 Apr. 1991-31 Jan. 1993) then Assistant Vice-President for Customers Relations (1 Feb. 1993-1 Nov. 1993); Account Manager to First Bank (formerly Producers Bank) (1 Nov. 1993-1 Dec. 1993); Senior Account Manager to Westmont Bank

MARKHOF (George Moutner), Ambassador of Austria to Lebanon. Educ.: Bachelor of Law. Languages: English & French. Career: President of the Private Step Branch in OHCHR, Geneva (1993-96); President of the activity Branch in OHCHR (1996-98); President of the Human Privilege & Minority Affairs Section (1998-2000); Director of the Human Rights Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 2000; Ambassador of Austria to Lebanon (2003-). Addr.: Embassy of Austria, Achrafieh, Charles 228

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MAROUN

Malek Avenue, 812 Tabaris Bldg., 8th Floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

the University of Paris II (Panthéon-Assas) (1991-92); Member, Scientific Committee of (CEDIMES) (June 1993); Responsible of the Middle East Observatory in the research quadrenial program "Commerce et Développement" (1993-97), sponsored by the University of Paris II in cooperation with University of Laval (Québec) and University of Bordeaux I; Director of the Institute of Social Sciences (section II), Lebanese University (1993-99), Visitor Professor at the Faculty of Economic Sciences in the University of Paris II (PanthéonAssas) (2001-03). Pubi.: Author of 11 publications and many researches published in several Lebanese Scientific revues, French and Belgian : "L'économie Libanaise, la marché arabe et la concurrence israélienne", Publishing and Marketing House, Beirut 1984 (216 pages); "L'économie pétrolière pour l'économie de guerre permanente", Publications of the Lebanese University (Economic Studies Section No. VI, Beirut 1986 (399 pages); "Le Recensement Industriel (1) de 1986 (Liban) (1), Ten volumes published in Oct. 1987 by the Council of Development and Reconstruction (CDR) and the Ministry of Industry with the participation of the CEE; Volume I "Les industries des produits alimentaires et boissons" (187 pages); Volume II - "Les industries des textiles, habillement et cuir" (178 pages); Volume III - "Les industries des bois et meuble" (165 pages); Volume IV "Les industries du papier, imprimerie et édition" (167 pages); Volume V - "L'industrie chimique" (181 pages); Volume VI - "L'industrie des produits minéraux non métalliques" (175 pages); Volume VII - "L'industrie métallurgique de base" (162 pages); "L'industrie des ouvrages en métaux, machines et matériel de transport" (178 pages); Volume IX - "Les autres industries manufacturières" (171 pages); Volume X - "Le Recensement Industriel de 1986 (données globales par secteur)" (258 pages); "Politique de change au Liban, et incidences économiques et sociales depuis 1947", UREF/AUPELF and CEDIMES, Paris 1992 (377 pages); "L'industrie Libanaise" (étude par sondage en 1988) with other authors, Publications of CDR and the Ministry of Industry with the participation of CEE, Beirut 1990 (312 pages); "Le marché de l'emploi au Liban", with other authors, Publications of the Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik (USEK) 1996 (131 pages); "L'Université Libanaise 1993-98", with other authors, Publications of the Lebanese University, Beirut 1998 (149 pages); "La Vie économique", with other authors, Publications of the Pedagogic Center for Research and Development (CPRD), Beirut 1998 (223 pages); "Les activités et les mécanismes économiques", with other authors, Publications of CPRD, Beirut 1999 (224 pages); "Problèmes et Politiques de développement", with other authors, Publications of CPRD, Beirut 2000 (362 pages); "La Filière agricole au Liban", Publications of Euromed Heritage II, Beirut 2002 (101 pages); "La Bande frontalière: Etude de terrain,

MARKIENVICZ (Valdmar), Ambassador of Poland to Lebanon. Born on Jan. 1, 1947. Married, 2 children. Educ.: Licence in Economy from the "Centre Institute for Planning & Statistics", Warsaw (1971); Studies in Emergency Management (USA). Lang.: French, English & Greece. Career: Advisor chargé d'Affaires of Poland at Athens (Greece) (1991-95); Advisor of the Minister of the Interior for International Affairs, represented the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Baltik aggregation (1995-97); Advisor of the Embassy of Poland to Stockholm (Sweden) (1997-98); Advisor of the Prime Minister (1998-2001); Ambassador of Poland to Lebanon (2002-). Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Poland, Baabda, Avenue Sleiman Frangieh, Raymond Khalifé Bldg., P.O.Box 40-215 (Baabda), Lebnaon. MAROUN (Georges), Engineer. Born in 1930 at Chyah. Married in 1960 to Miss Nadira Toufic Chartouni. 3 children: Nada, Sami and Yara. Educ.: al-Hikma College and Beirut Higher Engineering School (E.S.I.B.). Dipl.: Engineering Graduate E.S.I.B. - certificate of mathematics and industrial physics. Career: Engineer, President E.S.I.B. Alumni Association (1958-62) - President of Engineers Association of Beirut (1968-70), Member of the Board of C.E.G.P. (Conseil Exécutif des Grands Projets) (1970-73), Member of the Board of C.D.R. (Council for Development and Reconstruction) since 1991. Prof. Add.: Ashrafieh, Tabaris, SNA Bldg., 7th floor, P.O.Box 561, Tel.: 01-202170, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Abdel Wahab el-Inglizi, Florelle Bldg., 12th floor, Tel.: 01200220, Beirut, Lebanon. MAROUN (Ibrahim), Professor at the Lebanese University and former Director of the Institute of Social Sciences II. Born on 10 Jan. 1950 at Kfarsghab (North Lebanon). Son of Salem Maroun (retired) and Mrs., née Mountaha Jabbour. Married on 25 Sept. 1988 in Lebanon to Miss Gladys Younes, three children: Salem, Joseph and Paul. Educ.: Ecole Supérieures des Lettres (Université de Lyon) - Lebanese University - University of the Sorbonne (Paris V). Dipl.: Doctorat 3rd Cycle in Economic Sociology of Université René Descartes, Paris V, Sorbonne (30.1.1978), Doctorat d'Etat ès Lettres and Social Sciences in Economic Development of the Université René Descartes, Paris V, Sorbonne (18.6.1984). Career: Professor at the Lebanese University since 1979; Professor of Economic Sociology, Development, Political Economy at the Institute of Social Sciences (Section II), Lebanese University (1979-80); Promoted Professor at the Lebanese University (29.11.1990); Associate Professor at the "Centre d'Etudes de Développement International et des Mouvements Economiques et Sociaux" (CEDIMES) of

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MAROUN économique, démographique et sociologique", Publications of National Agency of Employment, Beirut 2003; "Les échanges commerciaux Libano-chypriotes (1952-83) ou le renversement des termes de l'échange", Panorama de l'Actualité, No. 46,1987, Beirut (pp. 31-65); "Le social dans la théorie et la politique économique" in Annales de Philosophie et Sciences Humaines USEK, volume 1,1987, (pp. 17-39); "Doctrines de développement et données moyen-orientales", in Annales de Philosophie et Sciences Humaines, USEK, Volume II 1988 (pp. 3-23); "L'Université au Liban: crise de discipline ou crise de formation?" in Annales de Philosophie et Sciences Humaines, USEK, Volume II, 1988 (pp. 95-106); "Cloisonnement communautaire et pratiques économiques au Liban" in Social Compass, volume XXV, No. 4 Belgium 1988 (pp. 465-481); "L'économie syrienne: bilan d'une décennie", in Annales de Philosophie et Sciences Humaines, USEK, volume III (pp. 3248); "Le gaspillage financier au Moyen-Orient", in les Cahiers du CEDIMES No. I July 1992 (40 pages), Paris; "Le marasme économique au Liban et le train des responsabilités" in les Cahiers de la Méditerranée, University of Nice No. 44 June 1992 (pp. 197-210). "Mutations Economiques, monétaires et financiers au Liban (1974-99)" in Les Politiques pour la jeunesse face aux mutations sociales au Liban, Publications of UNESCO, Beirut 1999 (pp. 10-60); "Pour une autre stratégie de la francophonie dans le monde arabe" in Le Croquant (French Revue of Human Sciences), No. 28 Nov. 2000, Lyon (pp. 16-20); "Les points de convergence et de divergence chez les jeunes universitaires suivant leurs appartenances communautaires", with other authors, study for the Lebanese daily as-Safir, Sep. 2001 (42 pages); "La population active au Liban en l'an 2000", in The Situation of Children in Lebanon 2000, Publications of UNICEF, Beirut 2003 (pp. 43-73) + tables; "The Question of the Middle Classes (or The increase in social disparity in Lebanon during the eighties and nineties)", in Linking Economic Growth and Social Development in Lebanon, Publications of UNDP, Beirut 2000 (pp. 165-183); "Les recherches sociologiques dans les universités du Liban: Mémoires et thèses de doctorat" in Les tendances de la recherche en sciences sociales et les besoins de la société libanaise, Publications of UNESCO, Beirut 2002 (pp. 2355); "La crise de la statistique au Liban" in Les Statistiques nationales et le développement au Liban, Publications of The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies and KonradAdenauer-Stiftung, Beirut 2003 (pp. 35-52); "Les sites interactifs du commerce éléetronique au Liban en 2001 " in Mondialisation et Nouveaux Médias dans l'Espace Arabe, Publications of Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris 2003 (pp. 309-329); Researches unpublished: "Etude socioéconomique de la région de Kesrouan (Liban)", Beirut 1986, (69 typed pages); "Les fluctuations monétaires sur la place de Beyrouth" (Dec. 1982-June 1985) (32 typed

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

pages); "Etude d'un nouveau système des finances publiques pour le Liban", Beirut 1989, (43 typed pages); "Revenus et pouvoir d'achat au Liban", Beirut 1990 (15 typed pages); "Communautés au Liban, et indicateurs économiques et socio-économiques", Beirut 1989, (22 typed pages); "L'investissement hôtelier sur la côte libanaise (Nahr el-Kalb - Tabarja)", Beirut 1993 (32 printed pages). Actively participated: in several congresses symposia and seminars: Antelias Cultural Movement, Antelias, Lebanon (3-5 Apr. 1987); Centre of Theology for the Middle East, Harissa, Lebanon (15-18 Oct. 1985); Arab Thought Forum in Amman, Jordan (6-8 Feb. 1988); Maison du Futur, Naccache, Lebanon (14-17 Apr. 1988); League of Lebanese Intellectuals at the Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management, Lebanese University, Beirut (15-30 Jan. 1989); Lebanese Movement for Development, Baabda, Lebanon (24-27 June 1989); CEDIMES, University of Paris II (Pantheon-Assas) (23-24 Oct. 1992); Notre-Dame du Mont, Kesrouan, Lebanon (13-19 Dec. 1993); Sfax International Colloquim, Sfax, Tunisia (9-11 May 1994); Colloquim of the Lebanese Diaspora at USEK, Lebanon (20-22 May 1994); Faculty of Medical Sciences at St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (6-7 June 1994); University CadiAyyad, Marrakech, Morocco, (16-17 Nov. 1995); Institut d'Economie Publique and Institut Méditerranéen de l'Eau, in the Palais du Pharo, Marseille (19-20 Nov. 1997): Konrad-Adenauer-Stifiung and the Lebanese Foundation for Permanent Civil Peace, at the Ecole Hôtelière, Beirut (5 Dec. 1997); Research Center of the Social Sciences Institute, in Le Commodore Hotel, Beirut (28 Feb. 1998); International Symposium of L'Ecole Libanaise de Formation Sociale at St. Joseph University, Beirut (4-6 June 1998): International Labour office at Le Crillon Hotel, Broummana (Lebanon) (11-14 Mar. 1999); Management of Social Transformations (MOST), at UNESCO Palace, Beirut (15 Nov. 1999); UNDP, at Riviera Hotel, Beirut (11-13 Jan. 2000); International Symposium of Faculty of Economic Sciences, at Rouen University (France) (18-20 Oct. 2000); Friedrich Nawman Institute, at Carlton Hotel, Beirut (23-24 Nov. 2000); Notre-Dame University (NDU), Louaizy (Lebanon) (30 Mar. 2001); UNESCO, at UNESCO Palace, Beirut (4 May 2001); Cultural Cenacle of Bekaa, Kadri Hotel (Zahlé, Lebanon) (26 May 2001); Lebanon National Commission of UNESCO, at UNESCO Palace, Beirut (9 June 2001); GREMMO International Seminar, at Lyon 11 University (France) (29 Nov. - 1 Dec. 2001); International Symposium of Faculty of Economic Sciences in the University of Wroclaw (Poland) (9-10 May 2002); LCPS and KonradAdenauer-Stiftung Seminar at Riviera Hotel, Beirut (31 Oct. 2002); UNICEF Seminar at United Nations Bldg., Beirut (12 June 2003): French Senate Symposium, at Luxembourg Palace, Paris (25 Sept. 2003); International Seminar of Euromed Heritage 11 Program, at Jaén University (Spain) (29 Oct.- 1 Nov. 2003); Seminar of UNDP and Ministry of

MASSAAD

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Social Affairs, at Mariott Hotel, Beirut (2 Dec. 2003). Conferences: 6 conferences on personnel formation of the Confédération Générale des Travailleurs Libanais, organized by the CGTL and German Institute "FriedrichEbert", in Jounieh and Brummana (Lebanon) in 1987 and 1989. Sports: Basketball. Hobby: Reading. Clubs: former member of the Executive Council of the Maronite League. Prot Addr.: P.O.Box 70209 Antelias, Lebanon, Tel.: +9614-524733, Fax: +961-4-404285. Priv. Addr.: Maurice Siili Bldg., Bouar (Kesrouan), Tel.: +961-9-444325, +961-3472389, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

(Intermediate & Secondary) - American University of Beirut, Lebanon - Perpignan University, France. Dipl.: Masters of Tourism, Bachelor of Architecture. Languages: Arabic, English, French. Professional Educ.: Masters of Tourism, 2005, Perpignan University - France, Bachelor of Architecture, 1984, American University of Beirut; Restoration of Monuments, 1983, AUB & Florence University. Professional Experience: 2002 to Date: Chairman, Chadi Massaad & Associates - Architects, 2005 to Date: Managing Partner, Mohamad Harasani & Partners - Architects, 1999-2002: President, Central Fund ^or the displaced -Lebanon; 1999-2002: Member, High, Relief Committee-Lebanon; 1995-98: Technical Consultant, Robert Mouawad Group - Beirut, Lebanon; 1987-95: Managing Director, Harasani Associates - Architects, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 1985-87: Architect & Restoration Consultant, Construction Services Company - Lebanon; 1984-85: Lecturer, St. Joseph University - Kfarfalous, Lebanon; 1984-85: Site Architect, Transworld Arab Consulting Engineers - Lebanon. Publishes and Studies: Massaad Chadi, Avoiding or Minimizing tourism leakage, an Industrial Relation Strategy 2005, Massaad Chadi, CoAuthor, Culture & The Cultured in Lebanon, NDU 2003; Massaad Chadi, Co-Author, Public Concern Policies in Lebanon as of the Year 2000: Evolution or Modifications, NDU 2000, Massaad Chadi, Lebanon Past & Post War, A Demographic Study, 2001; Massaad Chadi, Co-Author, The Lebanese-Israeli Negotiations, NDU 2000. Massaad Chadi, Hamra of Ras Beirut, an Urban Study, 1983; Massaad Chadi, Jureidini Farid, The Old Yellow Buildings of Ras Beirut, 1983; Massaad Chadi, Marjayoun Medical Center, Programming & Policy of Running, 1984; Massaad Chadi, Courtyard Houses in the Middle East, 1987; Massaad Chadi, Islamic Domes, Historical Survey, 1990; Massaad Chadi, Consulting Contract Preparation and Costing, 1992. Membership: Order of Engineers and Architects, Beirut, Lebanon , since 1984; Engineering Committee, Saudi Arabia, since 1988; American Concrete Institute (ACI) , since 1992; Guggenheim Museum, New York, Member 1993; Bliss Artistic Committee, Head of Design Sub-committee, 1980-84; Annual Engineering Exhibition committee, Directory Manager, 1983; Jozour for Village Culture, honorary President, since 2002; Lebanon Youth Movement, Member of the Board of Trustees, 2002-05; Antonite Sports Club, Member of the Executive Committee since 2003; Lebanese Boy Scout Association, Group Leader, 1981-1987. Awards: Antonite Club, Medal on Participating in the Independence Day Rally, 2003; Certificate of Appreciation for the Tremendous Effort Invested in Making the Beirut International Marathon a Successful Event, 2003; Beirut International Marathon Certificate & Medal on Completing the 2003 Beirut Volkswagen 10k Fun Run, 2003; Appreciation, Thankfulness & Loyalty Shield for his Development

MASRI (Edward, Antoine), Academic. Born in 1922 at Damascus (Syria). Son of Antoine Masri (merchant) and Mrs., née Marie Stambouliyeh. Married in 1949 to Miss Marcelle Debbané, 1 child: Fady. Educ.: Lazarists College of Damascus, French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Faculty of Sciences of Paris. Dipl.: Ph.D. (pharmacy) 1950 from Beirut, Ph.D. (physical sciences) from Paris (1965). Career: Professor of Chemistry at the French Faculty of Medicine since 1956, director of studies at the French Faculty of Pharmacy. Pubi.: Author of a number of research works on radiations published in papers and bulletins of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, (1957). Award: Knight, Academic Palms. Prof. Addr.: Avenue des Français, Fawzi Ghandour Bldg., 3rd floor, P.O.BOX 11-8482, Tel.: 03-215301, 356271, Fax: 03598103, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Badaro, Benoit Barakat Str., Sodeco Bldg., Tel.: 01-386215, Beirut, Lebanon. MASRY (Shawki ,E1-), Officer in the Lebanese Army (Chief of Staff). Born in Mreijat, 1952. Son of Raouf El Masry (Deceased) and Mrs. Wajiha El Masry. Married in 1979 in Mreijat to Mrs. Najwa Abi Fakhreddine, 3 children: Wael (1980), Wiam (1984) and Lama (1992). Educ.: Evangelical Secondary School; Lebanese University. Dipl.: Diploma in History. Career: Artillery Platoon Commander (1973); Artillery Company Commander (1977); Artllery Battalion Commander (1983); Director of Training (1999); Chief of Staff (2005). Awards: Memorial; Wound; War and Four Others. Sports Practiced: Running, Basket Ball. Hobbies: Reading, Music. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Defense Yarzé, Lebanon, Tel.: 01/424070; Fax: 01/424270. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Mount Lebanon, Officer's Bldg., Tel.: 05/958756. Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]. MASSAAD (Chadi), Architect. Born on Feb. 10, 1959 at Kherbe, Marjayoun, South Lebanon. Son of Georges Massaad (Man of Literature) and Mrs. née Chamat Issa. Married on July 7, 1990 in San Francisco, California to Mona Kobrossi, 3 children: Robert (1991), Jude & Giorgio (Twins, 1995). Educ.: Marjayoun National College (Elementary) - National Protestant College

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Services to the Country People, Beirut Islamic Associations Union, 2003; Love & Thankfulness Icon, Community of Mar Roukouz-Dikwaneh 2002; Appreciation Shield, Lebanon Construction Program, Lebanon Radio Station, 2002; Friendship & Appreciation Shield for the motivation of the Return of the Displaced, Antonite Maronite Order, 2002; Appreciation & Love Shield, Municipality of Komatieh Aley, 2001; Generosity and Appreciation Shield for the services made to the Country - Municipality of Ramlieh Aley, 2001; Who's Who in the 21st Century in the Field of Politics, National Unity and Social Development, International Biographic Center - Cambridge England 2001; Appreciation Shield, Municipal Board of Badghan Aley, 2001; Love & Appreciation Shield, Mayor of Majdalbaana Aley, 2001; Appreciation Sword, The Sheikhs of the Village of Ighmeed Aley, 2001; Thankfulness & Appreciation Shield, Union of Municipalities of Higher Jurd, Bhamdoun Aley, 2001; Institutions Prize for the Year 2001, Cedar Youth Association, Lebanon, 2001; St Peter & Paul Order, His Holiness The Patriarch of Antaqui & The Whole East Aghnatious IV Hazim, 2001; Appreciation Sword, Municipal Board of the Village of Wardanieh Chouf, 2001; Love & Appreciation Shield for Helping Accomplishing Village Projects, Municipality of Niha Chouf, 2001; Loyalty & Appreciation Shield, Mayors and People of Mdawar Beirut, 2001; Village Key, Municipal Board of Zaarourie Chouf, 2001; Loyalty & Appreciation Shield, Municipality of Aramoun Aley, 2001; Shield as Man of Humanities and Giving, People of the Village of Mashkiti Aley, 2001; Appreciation Shield, Chief Director of State Security, Lebanon, 2001; Appreciation and Loyalty Certificate for the Accomplishment and Services Furnished - Union of Tourism Agencies Employees in Lebanon, 2000; Certificate of appreciation, 2nd International Symposium of Sculpture Aley, 2000; Basel Al Asad Prize, Man of Institutions for the Year 2000; Thankfulness & Appreciation Shield, the Mayor of the City of Aley, 2000; Appreciation & Loyalty Shield, "Man Without Borders" Association, Lebanon, 2000; Thankfulness & Appreciation Shield, Municipal Board of the Village of Soufar Aley, 2000; Appreciation & Loyalty Shield, The Communal Organization of Tarik Al Jadidah, Beirut, 2000; Appreciation & Loyalty Shield, Union of Associations & Organizations of Tariq Al Jadidah Beirut, 2000; "EMEE Award" of Distinguished Engineering Services, AUB, 1984; AUB Architecture Chairman "Letter of Commendation" for Student Services, 1983. Sports Practiced: Volley Ball, Table Tennis, and Running. Hobby: Reading. Credit Cards: Visa, MasterCard. Permanent Addr.: 2709 West Pintail Way, Elk Grove CA, 95758 Tel.: (916) 7145353. Present Addr.: Residence: Budget 11 Building, Nazlet Al-Joura, Broummana, Lebanon, Tel.: 04-963811, 04-862215,

Mobile: 03-308567. Prof. Addr.: Said Fraiha St. Camelia 3 Center, 3rd Floor, Hazmieh, Lebanon, Tel.: 05-453437, Fax: 05-453438, Mailing Addr.: P.O. Box 35-99 Beirut, Lebanon. E-mail: [email protected] MASSAAD (Samir), Businessman: Trade and Services. Born on 19 Oct. 1952 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of Edmond Massaad (Commerce) and Mrs., née Lily Najjar. Educ.: Collège des Frères - Tripoli up to 1973, Haigazian College - Beirut (1973-75), American University of Beirut (1975-77). Dipl.: Bachelor in Business Administration (B.B.A.). Career: Worked with the Eternit-Amiantit Swiss Group in Saudi Arabia as Finance & Administration Manager (1978-85); Managing his Own Company in Tripoli since 1986. Other Information: Member of the Board of the "Association des Commerçants de Tripoli" since 1988, and VicePresident of same (1995-2005); Member of the Board of "Tripoli Port" (1995-96), Member of the Tripoli Greek Orthodox consultative Board. Sports: Skiing, swimming, hiking. Hobbies: reading, walking in the country side. Clubs: Rotary, AUB Alumni, Lebanese Management Association. Prof. Addr.: Arab Bank Bldg., P.O.Box 840 Tripoli, Tel.: 06-627826, Fax: 06-431118, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Azmi Rahim Bldg., el-Mina Road, Tripoli, Tel.: 06-624550, Lebanon. MASSABKI (Jacqueline), Lawyer. Daughter of Joseph Massabki and Mrs., née Asma Kadige. Married: to Antoine Abi Ghosn. Educ.: St. Family Boarding School, Faculty of Law of St. Joseph University. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer, 1st Lebanese Woman Lawyer elected in Council of Order of Lawyers in 1965 and re-elected in 1968 and appointed Member of the Lawyers Disciplinary Committee in 1995. Works: Author of many legal articles and of a novel written in french "La Mémoire des Cèdres" published by Laffont in Paris. This book got 3 prizes in France: RTL 1990; Maisons de la Presse 1990; "La Vie" 1990. Awards: Officer of Arts and Letters by the French Republic (1998); Awarded by Beirut Bar Association (2003). Prof. Addr.: Zahret el-Ihsan Str., P.O.Box 117804, Tel.: 01-335625, 216520, Beirut, Lebanon. MASSOUD (Edmond, Rachid), Surgeon, full professor. Born on 9 May 1933 at Dfun (Lebanon). Son of Rachid Massoud and Mrs., née Asma Gedeon. Married on 1 July 1964 to Miss Marie-Claude Fayad, 3 children: Jean-Paul, Tania and Michel. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Dipl.: M.D. specialization in occupational medicine, plastic surgery and Stomatology. Career: Surgeon, full professor at the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Chief surgeon Plastic Surgery at the Hôtel-Dieu de France, Professor of Plastic Surgery at the French Faculty of Medicine. Pubi.: Author of a number of research works on tumours, fractures of the face, skin

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cancers of the face, etc. Member: Plastic surgery Society of Paris, Founder of the Lebanese plastic surgery society, International Plastic Surgery Society. Laureate of the National Academy of Medicine (France). Hobbies: Music and painting. Prof. Addr.: Fouad 1er Str., Kanj Bldg., Galerie Farès Younan, rez-de-chaussée (facing Palais des Pins), Tel.: 01-640372, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: alOuyoune, Massoud Bldg., Tel.: 03-651651, Broummana, Lebanon.

Foutine Boutros Bechara (deceased.). Educ.: Scolasticat of Holy Spirit, Kaslik; Holy Spirit University - Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon; Oriental Pontifical Institute -Rome, Italy. Dipl.: Licence in Philosophy, Licence in Theology, Doctor in Liturgy. Career: Professor of Liturgy at the Pontifcal Theology Faculty and at the institute of Liturgy of USEK since 1988, Director of Institute of Liturgy of USEK since 1992 Pubi. ¡Author of many theology and liturgy books and articles, in french and in Arabic, Lecturer in theology and liturgy in Lebanon and abroad . Other Information: Secretary General of USEK (1993-95) and (1998-2001) and member of the Patriarcal Commission for the Liturgy since 1988, and secretary General of the Patriarcal Commission for the Liturgy since 2001. Sport: Walking. Hobby: Reading. Prof Addr.: Institute of Liturgy - Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Tel.: 09-600525, 09-600526 and Fax: 09-600501, Lebanon or Patriarcal Commission for the Liturgy, Maronite Tribunal Bldg., 3rd floor, Telfax: 09-221026, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.

MATAR (Abdulkarim, Youssef), Deputy general manager. Born 16 June 1926. Son of Me Youssef Matar (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Victoria Malouf. Married in 1959 in Beirut to Miss Georgette Bordcosh, 2 sons: Marwan (1963), and Ghassan (1964). Educ.: International College (Beirut), American Commercial College (Alexandria). Dipl.: Diploma of Commerce (1945). Career: American Embassy (1952-61), Sales Manager, Malifer Corp. Philco Int. (1961-66), Assistant General Manager, Cooperative Printing Co., since 1st Jan. 1967, Committee Member of the Renaissance Club (Beirut), President of the Lebanese Federation of Lawn Tennis. Award: Knight of the Cedar (1957). Sports: Tennis, table tennis, football-soccer. Member: of the Renaissance Club (Beirut), A.U.B. Alumni Club Association. Priv. Addr.: Artois Str., Artois Bldg., 4th floor, (near Beirut Express), Ras Beirut, Tel.: 01-344638, Beirut, Lebanon.

MATOSSIAN (Abraham), Chairman - CEO. Be. η on Dec. 3, 1946 in Beirut. Son of Iskandar Matossian (furniture factory owner) and Mrs., née Hiranouch Aldermechian. Married in 1968 in Beirut to Lina Garabedian, 4 children: Alexandre 1969, Marise 1973, Sylva 1975, Georges 1978. Educ.: Primary School: Collège des Frères du Sacré-Coeur - Secondary Education: Commercial Section at Collège des Frères du Sacré-Coeur (French state H.E.C Courses). Dipl.: Chief Accountant. Career: 1965 Union Nationale Insurance Clerk - 1969 Manager Union Nationale Jeddah branch - 1970 Regional Manager Union Nationale in Saudi Arabia -1971 Manager in 2 brokerage firms, 6 months Horncastle M.E. - 6 months Overseas Brokerage Services - 1972 Assistant Manager Commercial dept. Libano Suisse - 1973 Manager Union Nationale Reinsurance dept. - 1975 Manager of Reinsurance dept., Foreign Agencies & marketing dept. at Union Nationale, at Saudi Union Nationale, at La Phenicienne - 1983 Executive General Manager at Al Mashrek Insurance & Reinsurance s.a.l. - 1984 Chairman CEO Al Mashrek Insurance & Reinsurance s.a.l. Nominate as Chairman CEO Lebano German Insurance & Reinsurance s.a.l. in 1987 and in 1991 plus Vice-President Main Reinsurance and in 1994 plus Vice-President Leaders Insurance & Reinsurance s.a.l. on Mar. 24,1999 elected President of the "Association of Insurance Companies." Presently: President of the "Association of the Lebanese Insurrance Companies"; Chairman CEO of Al Mashrek Insurance & Reinsurance s.a.l.; Member of "Beirut City Council"; Member of "The Economical and Social Council of Lebanon"; Member of "The Insurance National Council"; Board member of "The Syrian Lebanese Businessmen Council"; Member of "Armenian Lebanese Chamber of Commerce"; Board member of "The International Chamber of Commerce of Lebanon"; Board

MATAR (Boulos, Mgr.), Archbishop. Born in Naame (Chouf), Lebanon on Feb. 1, 1941. Educ.: Philosophy and Theology at St. Joseph University. Dipl.: Diploma in Theology and Philosophy (St. Joseph University); Doctorate in Philosophy at the Sorbonne, France. Career: Ordained priest on June 5, 1965; Professor in several Universities in Lebanon; former Chairman of CaritasLebanon; Consacrated Archbishop on Aug. 3, 1991; assumed several responsibilities as Vicar General; elected in June 1996 Archbishop of the Maronite rite in Beirut. Award: French Legion of Honour(2004). Addr.: Maronite Archbishopric, Ashrafieh, Sagesse Str., Sagesse Bldg., Tel.: 01-561980/84, Beirut, Lebanon. MATAR (Ghassan), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1942 at Tannourine, Lebanon. Married to Maguy Azoury. Educ.: Primary, Soeurs Mariamistes; Secondary, Apostles College, Jounieh; University Graduate, Faculty of Law, St. Joseph University; faculty of Literature, Lebanese University. Career: Member of the "Syrian National Popular Party", Member of the Central Committee; Elected Deputy (1996-2000). Addr.: Zahlé, rue du Blvd., Fakhoury Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 03-826769, Zahlé, Lebanon. MATAR (Hani, Rev.), Priest, University Professor. Born in 1955 at Wata-Houb (Tannourine), Lebanon. Son of Philippe Rachid Matar (deceased) and Mrs., née

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member and Secretary of "The Lebanese Armenian businessmen Association"; Member of "RDCL"; Member of "National Health Tourism Promotion Council"; President of the "Lebanese delegation at the General Arab Insurance Federation"; President of the executive Board Committee of the "General Arab Insurance Federation"; Next President of the "General Arab Insurance Federation"; Member of National Accounting & Auditing Council. Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Travelling. Credit Cards: American Express; Visa, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Al Mabani Murr Tower, Dbayeh Highway, 4th floor, Tel.: 04-418570/1/2/3/4/5, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Adonis, Blue Zone, Tel.: 09-217669, 217996, Lebanon.

Memorial Center New York (1954), del Nino Jesus Hospital (Madrid, 1963, 1964), Kinderkrankenhaus Wedding (Berlin, 1965-66), Evangelisches Krankenhaus (Cologne, 1966), Honorary Consul in Beirut (1966). Hobby: Stamp Collecting. Sports: Baseball, hunting, volley-ball, swimming, chess. Member: Physicians Association, Consular Corps, Spanish Universities Graduates, Spanish Child Surgery Association. Prof. Addr.: Sidon Road, Hadath, Chehade Kenaan Bldg., rezde-chaussée, Beirut Suburb. Priv. Addr.: Dr. Mattar Bldg., Hadath, Tel.: 05-460440, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon. MATTAR (Salah, Assaad), Attorney-at-Law. Born on 4 Nov. 1940 at Tannourine, Lebanon. Son of Mr. Assaad Mattar and Mrs. Saada born Raidy. Married on 11 July 1974 to Rabia' Youssef Aburjeilli, 3 children: Line, Salah and May. Educ.: Frères Maristes, Antoura, Collège des Apôtres, St. Joseph University. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Attorney-at-Law (since 1963) especially Business Law; and Criminal Law; Secretary of editing of "The al-Adil" magazine of the Lebanese Association Bar in Beirut (196977); Professor of Arabic Literature (1959-63); Legal Affairs abroad (Cairo, Paris, London and Caracas); Political Visits to foreign countries (France, U.S.A., Syria, Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Columbia...); Co-Founder of: "The International Council for the Islamic-Christian Cooperation" (1985). Pubi: In arabic, in Law: "Optional Civil Law for Personal Status" (1970), "Electoral Law and Evolution of Democracy" (1971), "Studies in the Constitution and Human Rights" (1989). Law Dictionary: 3 languages: Arabic, French and English; Voluminous Dictionary consisting of 1770 pages, took 7 years of work. It was published in 2001 by al-Halabi Law Publishings. Editor's of the Dictionary are 3: Attorney-at-Law Salah Mattar, Attorney-at-Law Maurice Nakhle and Dr. Rohi Baalbaki. In Political Literature and Poetry: "Fakhreddine", Political Play (1969); Loubnan: "Risalat al-Mustakbal: "Lebanon: Message to the Future" (1978). "Lill-Hurriyah Wal-Hobb": "For Liberty and Love", poems (1981). "Abaad": "Dimensions" (1991). "Hawaa' al Jadidah": "The New Eve" (1991). In addition to a number of law, political and literary articles, lectures and commentaries. In Print: "Nisr Yanhad min Ramadih" (Poêm), "Mohakamat Al Massih" (Poêm), "Oustourat as Sakhr" (Poêm). "Mawakef wa Mahakem". Under Preparation: Pleadings and Decisions: During a successful pleading before the Criminal Court, and when he was a young lawyer the late Me. Abdallah Lahoud predicted to him a successful future either in Law or in Letters, and today he is considered by the prominent Judges one of the most important Lawyers and that's why the parliamentary, Attorney-at-Law and the late writer Edouard Honein said that: "Few lawyers are like Salah Mattar who can put the language and the literature in the service of the bar, also like the late great Attorney-at-Law Mohsen Slim told about him: "not all lawyers that are

MATTA (Gabriel, Elias), Civil engineer. Born at Bhamdoun (Lebanon). Son of Elias Matta (mayor of Bhamdoun) and Mrs., née Kiriaki Karam. Married on 30 Aug. 1964 to Miss Samia Firzli, 1 child: Ziad. Educ.: Ecole Supérieures d'Ingénieurs in Beirut and University of Toulouse (France). Dipl.: B.Sc. (Eng), B.Sc. (science), Ph.D., Toulouse University. Career: attached to the national research centre of France "C.N.R.S." (1956-57); chief Design Department at the Water Directorate, Ministry of Hydraulic and Electrical Affairs (1957-63); Professor at American University of Beirut (1958-71); Professor at the Ecole Supérieures d'Ingénieurs (1967-69); Consulting Engineer, director of the firm known by his name, head office in Lebanon and branch offices in the Arabian Gulf and in Syria since 1957; Technical Advisor to Specialised Industries Ltd. in U.A.E for Concrete protection and Durability since 1973; General Secretary Architects and Engineers Association of Lebanon (195860); Co-author of Interarab Reinforces of Concrete code. Member: several associations and commissions, both international and Interarab. Chairman Sifico Group of COS dealing in Engineering Industries, Real Estate, Hotel Management and Retail, in Lebanon and U.A.E. Act. & Pubi: Author of a number of scientific studies, represented Lebanon at several scientific congresses and conferences. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Saeed Freiha Str., Gabriel Matta Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 05-450711/2/3, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon. MATTAR (Michel, Elias), M.D., former honorary consul of the Dominican Republic in Beirut. Born 1929 in Hadath (Beirut). Son of Elias Κ. Mattar (Industrialist, Exporter) and Mrs., née Zarifa Mattar. Married: 1967 in Paris to Miss Vazquez-Fernandez-Villa, Ma. Conception. Educ.: Secondary School, la Vega, Santo Domingo University, French Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Beirut, Diplomatic School (Madrid). Dipl.: M.D. (1953), occupational medicine (1959), Pediatric surgery (1964), Diplomatic and Consular Law (1965), Languages Diploma: French, German, English, Portuguese, Arabic, Spanish. Career: M.D. in San Antonio hospitals, Padre Billini, Sapbador Gautier, at Santo Dominigo (1953-54),

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famous are necessarely of old age, and my friend Mr. Salah Mattar is one of them and I am Proud of him". Politically: He is indépendant and he had political trips in several countries (Egypt, Syria, U.S.A., Brazil, Argentina, Venezuella). Nationally: He is secularist (Liberty of belief; separation of religion from politics) Horriet al Mootakad wa fasi ad Dine an Ad Dawleh) and he is one of the first People who made bills of laws in order to achieve this. He insists on saying that "La youbna watan ala'ttamyize" "We can't build a nation on distinction". On the Lebanese Level: Salah Mattar have seeked since the seven-teens for the modernization of the State, and its total reform and democratic change, and the rule of law. He is a courageous defendant of the development and improvment of the Lebanese People and in general of Human Rights and Liberties. He insists that there is no contradiction between the "Al Ourouba" "Arabisme" and the "Alloubnaniah" "Libanisme". The "Libanisme" includes the Characteristics of Lebanon and its arabic and Humanitarian mission whereas "Arabisme" is the almost cooperation between Lebanon and the Arab States. He believes in the bilateral special relations between Syria and Lebanon through the frame of Indépendance and Sovereignity. He is also a believer in the Victory of the Arabic Cases and the case of Palestine and Jerusalem. He refuses the Implantation of Palestinians because he thinks this will result in the liquidation of the Palestinian case and destabilize lebanon politically, economically and socially. Awards: Lauréat de la Faculté de Droit (1963). Sports: Swimming, volley-ball. Hobbies: Lecturer of law, politics, poetry and literature. Remark: Fluent in Arabic, French, English. Prof. Addr.: 90 Sami Solh Str., P.O.BOX 166566 (Ashrafieh), Beirut, Tel.: 01-384300, 384301, 384201, 390723, Fax: 01-390722, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, 123 Adib Ishac Str., Tel.: 01-202066, 215275, 200048, Beirut, Lebanon.

Ministry of Information (1980-83); Advisor to the Prime Minister (1991-92); Director General, al-Manar University of Tripoli (MUT), Tripoli - Lebanon (1992-). Pubi.: Author of "Regulations of International Air Transport with special reference to the Middle East" (1960), "Mass Communication, Theory and Application" (1981), several essays on Radio Lebanon and newspaper articles. Sports: Football and swimming. Prof. Addr.: al-Manar University of Tripoli, al-Manar Boulevard, Abou Samra, P.O.Box 676 Tripoli, Lebanon, Tel.: 06-426800, 426801/2, Fax: 06426803. Priv. Addr.: al-Maarad Str., New Bldg., 3rd floor, Tripoli, Tel.: 06-612610. E-Mail: [email protected], Lebanon. MAZLOUM (Sam ir, Mgr.), Visiting Apostolic for resident Maronites in Europe and Vicar Patriarchal in charge of Ehden-Zgarta region. Born on Sept. 10, 1934. Son of Nehmetallah Mazloum (Commerce) and Mr:;., née Asma Abou Antoun. Educ.: St. Maron Seminary -Ghazir 1947-56; St. Joseph University - Beirut 1957-64; University of Sorbonne - Paris 1965-68. Dipl.: Licence in Theology (1964), Master in Sociology (1968). Career: 1969-74: Professor of Sociology at U.S.J.; 1971-76: Secretary General of the Movement "Eglise pour notre Monde"; 1974-87: Director General of the Parish Schools in Antelias Diocese; 1976-88: President of Caritas-Liban; 1987-91: President of Caritas in Middle East and North Africa - Vice-President, Caritas International; 1988-96: Vicar General in Antelias Diocese; Ordained Priest on 7 June 1964; Ordained Bishop on 11 Jan. 1997 and visiting Apostolic for Maronites resident in Europe. Hobbies: Reading, theatre, classical music. Prof. Addr.: 15, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, Tel.: 01-43294760. Priv. Addr.: 15, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, Tel.: 01-40465354, France, or Patriarcat Maronite, Bkerke, Tel.: 09-930011, Lebanon. MECATTAF (Eliane), General Manager, Mectapharm SAL & Mecattaf Trading Co. SAL. Born on Mar. 20, 1961. Daughter of Marcel Mecattaf, Chairman, Mectapharm & M.T.C and Mrs née Hayat Masri. Married on Aug. 31, 1986 to Mr. Renzo Manasci, 2 childen: Sandra (1987), Christian (1990). Educ.: Notre Dame de Nazareth; Notre Dame des Oiseaux (Paris); Université St. Joseph (Beirut). Dipl.: Master in Economics. Career: Marketing Manager (1984-87); Sales & Marketing Manager (198795); Commercial Director (1995-2005); General Manager (2005-to date). Sports Practiced: Swimming, Jogging. Hobbies: Yoga, Reading, Cinema, Music. Clubs and Association: RDCL; TFC (Tobacco Free Initiative). Credit Cards: Visa. Priv. Addr.: Awkar, Next to U.S. Embassy, Mecattaf Bldg., President Amine Gemayel Str., Email: [email protected]

MAWLAWI (Radwan, Adel), Born in 1929 at Tripoli, Lebanon. Son of the late Sheikh Adel Mawlawi and Mrs., née Nachrawan Sayadi. Married in 1962 to Miss Najat Aoueida, 3 children: Nuwar, Ziad and Osama. Educ.: American University of Beirut, Lebanese Academy, London University. Dipl.: B.Sc. (Econ), LL.M. (Master of Law) London University. Career: Journalist, freelance writing and broadcasting; associate editor "Ahl an-Naft" and "Beirut" reviews (1957-60); Editor, "Huna London" BBC publication; Program Asst, News Editor and Producer, BBC, London (1957-61); Civil Aviation adviser, Ministry of Public Works (1961-62); Director, National News Agency, Beirut (1962-71); Adviser and Acting D.G., Ministry of Information (1973-79); Director of Information and Public Relations, AUB (1972-92); Professor, College of Mass Communication and Documentation, Lebanese University; Professor, School of Commerce, Arab University (1968-74); Director General,

MECHELANY (Elie, Farès), Surgeon, Academic. Born on 19 Sept. 1925 at Mreijat (Lebanon). Son of Fares Mechelany and Mrs., née Badia Cotbawi. Married on 10

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July 1955 in Paris to Miss Laurence Leroy, 3 children: Jean-Marie, Carine and Jacques. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, al-Hikma College, St. Joseph University of Beirut, University of Paris, Faculty of Letters (la Sorbonne). Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certificate), B.A., M.D. faculty aggregate. Career: served as interne and externe in Paris hospitals, Chief Orthopedic surgical Clinic at Faculty of Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Chief of Orthopedic Surgery Service at Hôtel-Dieu Aggragate professor of faculties of France, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and traumatology in the Faculty of Medicine. Chief of Orthopedic Surgery Service at HôtelDieu. Titulary and corresponding member of Orthopedic Surgery French Society. Member: and National Delegate of International Society of Orhopedic Surgery. Pubi.: Author of a number of research works on polio, congenital skeletel malformations, serious traumatism of members, tuberculosis and bone tumors, etc. Sports: Ski, shooting and tennis. Hobbies: Old furniture and hangings. Priv. Addr.:Achrafieh,Emile Lahoud Str., No. 144, Karam & Tabet Bldg., Tel.: 01-423553, Beirut, Lebanon.

Dentists- Middle East Section; (1996): Diplomat of the French Academy of Periodontology; (1997): Chairman, Scientific Committee of Implant Dentistry (Lebanon), Member in Many International Dental Societies -Scientific Chairman of several dental international meetings. Pubi.: Author of 20 International Papers and more than 150 Invited Guest Lecturer. Hobbies: Music, cultural events, traveling. Clubs and Associations: Beirut Rotary Club, A.T.C.L., Yarze Club Italian Academy of Gastronomy. Prof. Addr.: Sanayeh Str., al-Tawfiq Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-736164, 737650, Beirut, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. MEISS (Mohamed Ali), Fomer Member of Parliament. Born in 1948 at Bar Elias, Bekaa, Lebanon. Married to Mounifeh Araji, 3 children. Educ.: Licence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Career: Established and Manages Meiss Hospital in Chtaura, Member of several Bekaa Associations mainly in the Social & Humanitarian Field; Appointed Deputy in 1991; elected Deputy (1996-2005). Addr.: Meiss Hospital, Zahle, Bar Elias, Meiss Bldg., Tel.: 08-542459, 03763300, Lebanon.

MEGARBANE (Elie, Georges), Surgeon. Born on 12 Mar. 1926 in Cairo. Son of Georges Megarbane (merchant) and Mrs., née Rose Sabbagh. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers (Cairo), Faculty of Medicine (Cairo). Dipl.: M.B.B. Ch. (Bachelor in Medicine, Bachelor in Surgery), D.S. (diploma in surgery), F.I.C.S. (Fellow of the International College of Surgery). Career: former assistant in Paris hospitals, chief surgeon Saint Louis hospital of Aleppo (1958-63), clinic in Beirut since 1963. Pubi.: Wrote a number of studies on surgery in specialized medical journals. Addr.: Montreal, Canada.

MELHEM (Ibrahim, Challita), Company manager. Born on 1 Jan. at Knat (North Lebanon). Son of Challita Melhem and Mrs., née Akly Selios. Married to Miss Therese Lecrab, 2 children: Dr. Ziad Melhem and Dr. Amai Melhem. Educ.: Tripoli Boys School, Aleppo College, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Sophomore certificate (1952), B.A. (Econ.) (1955), M.B.A. (Post Graduate Courses) (1957-62). Career: Chief statistician "TransMediterranean Airways, S.A.L." (1958-62); economic adviser to "International Development and Investment Company Ltd." Nassau, Bahamas (1961-64); ManagingDirector "Fertilizers of Lebanon", S.A.L. (1962-65); deputy general manager of "Professional Trust Bank S.A.L." (196568); deputy general manager of "Société Libanaise des Ciments Blancs, S.A.L." (1962-72); Managing Director of: 1- Allied Paper Industries (Nigeria) Ltd. (1978-84); 2Construction and Associated Industries (1980-84); 3- TGB Cable Manufacturing (Nigeria) Ltd. (1984-88); 4- BelPapyrus (Nigeria) Ltd. Co-founder/project manager (198688); 5- Poly Engineers (Nigeria) Ltd./ Chairman (1988-92); 6- Secretary Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association (Nigeria) (1986-88); 7- Mutual Fund of Medical-Social Services (1992- )/General Manager; 8- Aqua Marina 2 (1997-98) as chairman AR-AM Medical Services, New York - Representative; F. Khalil & Co., New York - Consultant; Press correspondent to "The Heritage Press Inc." New York (1964-75): Founder and former coproprietor of Lenacar, Rent-a-car. Member: AUB Alumni Association. Award: American Medal of Honor. Sports: Swimming, and waterski. Priv. Addr.: Sioufi Str., Ramez Saadeh Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-327393, 03-906030, E-mail:

MEGARBANE (Jean-Marie, Prof.), Professor in Periodontology including Dental Implants-Consultant in Functional and Esthetic Dentistry. Born on May 10, 1944 in Aleppo, Syria. Son of Antoine Megarbané (Dentist) and Mrs., née Odile Sbath. Married on June 23,1994 in Cyprus to Miss Dany Bridi, 2 children from a previous Marriage: Stephanie (1976, Paris), Antoine (1981, Paris). Educ.: Collège Champagnat, Aleppo-Syria; Notre-Dame de Jamhour, Beirut; St. Joseph University, Beirut; University of Paris, Paris, France; Tufts University, Boston, USA. Dipl.: Doctor in Dental Surgery (1969), Post Graduate Program in Periodontology - Tufts University, Boston, USA. Career: (1971-72): Instructor in the Post Graduate Program in Periodontology, Paris; (1974-78): visiting Professor Periodontology College of Dentistry -University of Florida, Gainesville, USA; (198193): Professor and Chairman - Department of Periodontology -Lebanese University, Beirut. Honorary positions: (1985): Fellow of the International Academy of Dentist Studies; (1985): Founding and Board Member of the International Acadertiy of Periodontology; 1988: Officer in the Board of the International College of 236

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[email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

Télévision Française) 1960-1964;Journalist L'Orient Newspaper 1957-1959. Associations & Memberships International Vice President " L'union Internationale des Journalistes et de la Presse Francophone " (U.P.F) (Presently); President of the Lebanese Section " L'union Internationale des Journalistes et de la Presse Francophone (U.P.F) ( 1980-2006);Member of the Lebanese Businessmen Association (RDCL); Member of the Lebanese Press Order Board; Vice-President of the Arab Cultural Council; Member of the Islamic-Christian Dialogue Committee;Member of the Arab Working Group for the Christian-Muslim Dialogue;President of Eeirut Rotary Club 1997-1998;President of the International Advertising Association (IAA); Lebanon Chapter 19801983 .Teaching: Lecturer in Communication and Journalism, MBA Level, at the faculty of Human SciencesSaint Joseph University (Presently);Lecturer in Advertising and Public Relations at the faculty of Business Administration -Saint Joseph University, 1981-1985; Lecturer in Journalism at the faculty of Information, Lebanese University, 1972-1983 . Awards: Commander, Mount Sinai Order ; Officer of the "Order of Rio Branco" (Ordern de Rio Branco) Sports: Tennis, ping-pong, footing. Hobby: Reading . Prof. Addr.:Kantari Córner Bldg. 7th Fl. Kantari Beirut 2021 2502, Tel.: 96113733601 e-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Badaro St., Jamil Rachid Said Bldg., Badaro, Lebanon,Tel.: +9611380710, 287875, 394806.

MELKI (Loutfalla), M.D., Agrege, Faculty Professor. Born in Oct. 1921 in Beirut. Married, 2 children. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Universities in France, and U.S. Dipl.: M.D. Agrege from faculties in France, Diploma of Public Health, Aeronautical medicine. Career: Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, St. Joseph University; Chief of Internal Medicine Dept. (St. George's Hospital); Member National Health Council, Red Cross Professor; W.H.O. expert, Member Intermedie Group (N.Y.); Medicharge Medical Group (U.S.A.); Aerospace Association (Washington), World Medical Association; Member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Balamand, Executive member of the National Heritage Foundation. Pubi.: Wrote a number of studies on Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Local Pathology. Awards: Officer, Royal Order of Phoenix, Officer Order of George I (Greece), Officer Italian Order of Merit; Officer, Order of the Cedar; Public Health Medal (Lebanon), Public Instruction Medal (Ministry of Education); Knight, Légion d'Honneur (France); Commander of the Order of St. Pierre & Paul. Member: Rotary Club (Past president), Sursock Museum (Member of the Board and Curator). Sports: Swimming and tennis. Hobbies: Music, philately and archaeology. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Femeineh Str., P.O.Box 16-6176, Tel.: 01200935, 217445, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut. Priv. Addr.: 13, Nagib Trad Str., P.O.Box 16-6176, Tel.: 01-200833, Beirut, Lebanon.

MENDELEK (Victor, Boulos), M.D. Rhumatologist. Born in 1925 at Ayn Aar (Lebanon). Son of Boulos Mendelek and Mrs., née Hélène Zoghbi. Married on 11 Aug. 1955 in Paris to Miss Monique Morteveille, 3 children: Carine, Jean-Paul and Nadine. Educ.: al-Hikma College, French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Dipl.: M.D. Specialization in rhumatology in Paris. Career: M.D., Rhumatologist. Pubi.: Author of a number of studies on rhumatic diseases and osteoarticular ailments. Member: Anti-rhumatic League of the French Faculty of Medicine (Paris), President, Lebanese anti-rhumatic League since 1964. Award: Commander, National Order of Cedar (2004). Priv. Addr.: Ayn-Aar, Mendelek Bldg., Tel.: 04-925085, Lebanon.

MENASSA (Camille Gabriel), Journalist. Born in 1936 in Beirut. Son of Gabriel Menassa (Engineer) and Laurence Ghanem. Divorced. One Child: Walid. Remarried in 1990 with Liliane Arakelyan. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Law Degree.Career: presently Chairman & CEO of Front Page Communication S.A.L a Public Relations Company; Media Consultant, for Press and Television;Founder & Chairman/General Manager " Les Editions L'Orient le-Jour " Publishing Company (1981-2003);Editor in Chief Murr TV (MTV), News and Political Programs (1995-200l);Middle East Correspondent " La Suisse " Swiss Newspaper ( 19731990);Producer " Hazal Ousbouh (This Week) " Weekly Political TV Program on Lebanese Television (T.L.) 19781983; Middle East Correspondent Radio Monte Carlo Europe (RMC) 1967-1976;Administrative Manager Media Press, Advertising Booking Unit for An Nahar and L'Orient le-Jour Newspapers 1971-1973 ;Middle East Correspondent ABC American TV Network 1970-1972; Head of Programs Unit Radio Lebanon 1967-197 l;Editor in Chief Lebanese Television (T.L.) News and Political Programs 1960-1971; Founder and Director " Centre du Cinéma et de la Télévision " 1961-1967; Middle East Correspondent O.R.T.F. (Office de la Radio et de la

MENKARA (Ahmad Sami, S), President, Al-Manar University of Tripoli (MUT), Tripoli, Lebanon. Born in 1940 in Tripoli. Son of Mr. Saadallah Menkara and Mrs. Farkad Telly. Married in 1969 in Beirut to Miss Rajaa Makki, 3 children: Rouba, Saadallah, and Ghiwa. Educ. & Dipl.: Lebanese Baccalaureate from Al-Thanawiyeh High School, Tripoli, Lebanon (1953-60); Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Law from the Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon (1969-73); Certificate in Superior Management from the Business College in Brussels, Belgium (197375); Master in Public Law at the Faculty of Law from the 237

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Lebanese University (1979); Master in Private Law at the Faculty of Law from the Lebanese University (1980); Certificate in Military joint Forces from the Military Staff Institute in Paris, France (1983-84); Diploma in Human Resources Management from the International Institute of Public Administration in Paris, France (1985); Diploma in Planning from the International Institute of Public Administration in Paris, France (1985); (Ph.D.) in Administration and Public Finance at the Faculty of Law from the Lebanese University (1989). Pubi.: Author of: "Organization of the Equipment Division of the Internal Security Forces" (in French Language) (1975); "Budget Management in the Modern State" (in Arabic Language) (1989); "The Management of the Public and Private Sectors" (in Arabic Language) (1996); "The Basic Principles for the Human Rights and Public Freedom" (1998); "The Traditional and Modern Concepts of Public Finance and State Budget" (in Arabic Language) (2000). Career: General in the Internal Security Forces (1963-91); Mayor of the Municipality of Tripoli, Lebanon (1991-98); Vice President of the Red Cross Association (1991- to date); Minister of Tourism, Lebanon (1992); Part-time Professor at the Faculty of Law, Lebanese University (1989-2005); Director of F.A. Kettané Establishment (North Branch) (1998-2004); Consultant of President UCLG (United Cities and Local Governments) for the Middle East Region (1998-to date); Member of the Board of Trustees of Al-Manar University of Tripoli (MUT) (2003-to date); Part-time Professor at the Faculties of Law and Business Administration, Islamic University (2004-to date); Minister of Higher Education, Lebanon (2004-05); Part-time Professor at CUT (Centre Université de Technologie (2005-to date); President of Al-Manar University of Tripoli (MUT) (July 2005-to date). Sports: Swimming, Jogging, Music and Reading. Member: of many humanitarian Associations. Prof. Addr.: Al-Manar University of Tripoli, Al-Manar Boulevard, Abou Samra, P.O.Box 676, Tripoli, Lebanon. Tel: 961-6-426800/1/2, Fax: 961-6-426803. Priv. Addr.: Azmi Str., Al-Rayyan Bldg., 3rd floor, Tripoli, Lebanon. Email: [email protected]

Social Sciences (Sect. Ill) Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon. Born on 8 Nov. 1946. Son of Mohamed Mahmoud Merhebi and Mrs., née Nehmat Aboud Abdel Razzak. Educ.: Ecole des Frères de la Sainte Famille. Dipl.: Ph.D. in Economics - France. Career: Financial Advisor of the "President Director General" of ALGCO "Société Algérienne de Géophysique filiale de la Sonatrach", National Oil Company of Algeria; presently, Director of the Institute of Social Sciences (Sect. Ill) Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Tripoli/Kobbe, Arz Str., Lebanese University, Institute of Social Sciences (Section III), Tripoli, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: 06-202930, 03-239308, Tripoli, Lebanon. MERHEBI (Talal), Former Deputy, former minister. Born on Oct. 26, 1946 at Ouyoun al-GhouzIane. Married, 1984 to Miss Wadad Trabouisi, 3 children. Educ.: Ecole des Frères (Tripoli), Apostles College of Jounieh, St. Joseph University of Beirut, Arab University of Beirut. Dipl.: LLB. Career: Elected deputy for Akkar (1972-92); reelected (1992 and 1996-2000); Minister of Health, Trade and National Economy (July 16, 1979). Other Information: President of Youth Club (Akkar); Secretary of the Parliamentary Council; President of the Housing, Cooperatives and Displaced Committee (1996-2000); Member of Finace and Budjet Commitée (1972-2000); President of the Lebanese-Japan Friendship Committee. Prof. Addr.: Clemenceau Str., Tajer Bldg., 3rd floor, Appt. No. 310, Tel.: 01-371666, Fax: 371755, Beirut. MERHEJ (Bechara, Jamil), Former Minister, former Deputy. Born in Beirut, 1946. Son of Jamil Merhej and Mrs., née Salma Matar Rahbani. Married to Dr. Valy Grote (Pediatrician), 2 daughters: Lina and Mona. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. in Economics (1967). Career: Professor, al-Farouq Lycée (1968-69), Writer and Journalist, particularly the Economic Supplement of "al-Anwar" Newspaper; Leader in Paath Party until 1973, General Manager of the Prominent Cultural Center "Dar al-Nadwa"; Participated in founding the "Rassemblement des Comités populaires"; Member of Consultative Committee of "al-Manaber" Review, Participated in several Cultural and Political Conferences in Lebanon and the Arab World; Advisor to the Prime Minister for Arab Affairs, Elected Deputy (1992-2005) ; Minister of the Interior (Oct. 1992 - Sept. 1994), Minister of State for Administrative Reform (Nov. 1996 - Dec. 1998), Elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee for Human Rights; Appointed Minister of State (2001-03). Pubi.: Several political and economic articles.Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

MEOUCHY (Rafie), Dermatologist. Born on 17 Feb. 1947 in Beirut. Son of Badri Meouchy (Magistrate) and Mrs., née Evelyne Azar. Educ.: French Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris VII, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris. Dipl.: Doctorate in Medicine (from the French Government), CES in Dermatology and Venereal Diseases. Career: Chief of Clinic of Dermatology at Lebanese Hospital. Sports: Aerobics. Hobby: Scrabble. Prof. Addr.: Lebanese Hospital, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01577277/377, Fax: 01-577377/477, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Trabaud Sir., Atallah Bldg., Tel.: 01-200049, 330038, Beirut, Lebanon.

MERHI (Nabil, Bachir), General in Internal Security Forces. Born on Nov. 16, 1952 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Joumana Abboud. Educ.: Military School (1972). Dipl.: Lebanese Baccalaureate (2nd Session)

MERHEBI (Maher), Director of the Institute of 238

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(1972); Diploma in Criminology, Psychology, Legal Medicine and Criminal Court Assets (France); Diploma from Mayssa University (U.S.A.). Languages: Arabic, French and English. Career: Police of Criminal Chamber of Beirut; Chief of Minet el Hosn and Hobeiche Detachment; President's office of a gamble struggle; Brigadier at Nabatieh, Dahieh of Beirut and Jounieh; President of the First Judicial Squad of Beirut; Chief / Secret Agent of the Regional Appeal Court; First Assistant to the President of Social Service Department. Other Information: Participated at Several Conferences in Arab and European Countries and at the Conference of Arab Lead Police in Tunisia, at the Conference of Arab Ministers of Interior (Tunisia). Awards: Obtained Several Medals, received 17 distinguished congratulations. Addr.: c/o Ministry of Interior, Hamra, near Central Bank of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon.

Laure Moghaizel Foundation for "Civil peace and human rights", 1997). Medals: "Vétérans de la Culture" of the Cultural Movement Antelias, 9 Mar., 1997; Lebanese ArmyMilitary Service, Medal for contribution to Civic education program and training, 1998. Works: Distribution Librairie Orientale, P.O.Box 55206, Beirut, Fax: +961-1-216021,Email: [email protected]: Théorie générale du système constitutionnel libanais(2005); La gouvernance d'un système consensuel (2003); Le Pacte Libanais (1997); Théorie générale du système politique libanais (Paris-Cariscript, and Beirut - Librairie Orientale, 1994); La société de concordance (1986); Le modèle politique libanais et sa survie (1983); La religion dans une pédagogie interculturelle (1988); La génération de la relève: Une éducation nouvelle pour la jeunesse libanaise de notre temps (4 vol., 1989-96); Religion et politique dans les systèmes politiques arabes (1993); La construction démocratique: Problématique et stratégie pour le Liban d'après-guerre (dir. 1995); Citoyen pour demain (3 vol., dir. 1995-98); Les politiques sociales au Liban (dir. 1996); L'Eglise de la reconstruction (dir. 1996); Le développement de la société civile au Liban (dir. 1999); La décentralisation administrative au Liban: Problématique et application (dir. 1996); Partis et forces politiques au Liban (2 vol. dir. 1996-98); Syndicats et organisations professionnelles au Liban (2 vol. 1999-2000); Observatoire de la démocratie au Liban(2001) ; Observatoire de la paix civile et de la mémoire au Liban (dir., 2004); Observatoire libanais de législation.(2004-2007); Observatoire libanais de la magistrature(2005-2006). Hobby: Classical music. Associations ¡Lebanese Political Science Association; Lebanese Foundation for Permanent Civil Peace; International Political Science Association; Arab Political Science Association... Address: 56 Abdel Wahab el-Inglizi street, Sodeco, Res. Messarra, P.O.Box, 16-5738, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel./ Fax: +961-1-325450, +961-1- 219614, Email: [email protected],http://antoine.messarra.com, http://www.ifpcp.org, http: //monitoringdemocracy.com.

MESSARRA (Antoine Nasri), Professor. Born on Feb. 3, 1938. Son of Nasri Ibrahim Abdallah Messarra. Married on July 1, 1964 to Evelyn Abou Mitry, Former Director, Department of Legislation and Dept. Indirect Taxes, Ministry of Finance, 2 children: Nasri (Aug. 11, 1966), Michele (Aug. 3, 1969). Educ.: Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour (1947-58); Univ. St. Joseph (Beirut); Université de Strasbourg (France). Dipl.: Doctorat d'Etat (Université des Sciences Humaines de Strasbourg, 1982); Doctorat of the 3rd Cycle in Sociology (Université des Se. Humaines de Strasbourg, 1974); Diploma of High Studies in Public Law, 1964; Licence in Law, Licence in Sociology of Ecole Supérieures des Lettres, USJ and Université de Lyon, France (1962). Career: Journalist: Le Jour (1965-71) et L'Orient-Le Jour (1971-75); Professor, Lebanese University(l 976-2002); and Member of Scientific Council (1996-98); Member of Steering Committee of DES francophone de journalisme(Lebanese University and CFPJ-IFP/Paris) since 1995; Member of Steering Committee of Ecole Nationale d'Administration-Liban(2002-2005). Consultant, Office of Minister of State for Administrative Reform Fouad El-Saad (2002-2004). Visiting professor at Deutsches institut fur Internationale pädagogische forschung-Francfort (1988) and Université Laval-Canada (1993). President of Lebanese Political Science Association. Other informations: Member of the "Synod for Lebanon" in Vatican (1995); Member of the two official commissions of the Pedagogic Research & Development National Center for the renovation of Civic Education and History Programs (1996-2000);President of Lebanese Political Science Association(since 2001); Coordinator of sexennial program of Research and Action "La génération de la relève: Une éducation nouvelle pour la jeunesse libanaise d'aujourd'hui" (4 vol. published) and the program "Observatoire de la démocratie au Liban" ( Joseph and Laure Moghaizel Foundation in cooperation with European Union ) (1997-2003); Research Coordinator of the Lebanese Foundation for Permanent Civil Peace (Prize of United Nations for Development Program and Joseph and

MESSEIKE (Omar, Mustafa, Dr.), President of the Islamic Cultural Center. Born on 4 Jan. 1935 in Tripoli (Lebanon). Son of Mustafa Messeike and Nabiha Salhab. Married on 18 Feb. 1968 to Miss Fadia Wafic Nsouli, 3 children: Nadia, Walid and Rajaa. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Diploma: LL.B. French (1956-58) and Lebanese (1957-58) Laws, Doctorate (Public Law). Career: Member of the Lebanese Parliament; Ambassador of Lebanon; Advisor of the Lebanese Presidents, Mr. René Mouawad and Mr. Elias Hraoui (1989-91); President, Director General of Banque Nationale pour le Development Industriel & Touristique (BNDIT) (198893); Advisor of Prime Minister Mr. Rachid Karamé; Chairman & General Manager of Bank al-Madina S.A.L.; Chairman of the Financial Company Madina S.A. (Suisse); Secretary General of the Council of Lebanese Minister's (1967-83); President of the National Archives Centre, Government Commissioner with the Scientific 239

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Research National Council (1964-83); Teacher at the Faculty of Law, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Member: of the Constitutional Committee in Lebanon, The Board of the Arab Banker's Association, London, The League of Former Members of Parliament, The League of Former Ambassadors, Member of the Arab National Conference. Writer of "Events and Secrets in Lebanon & the Middle East" (1999). Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Writing and reading. Priv. Addr.: Mazraa Comiche, Bohsali Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: +961-1-311211, 961-3-229976, Fax: +961-1311210, Beirut, Lebanon.

"Engineering and Contracting Office". Act.: carried out the following projects: Bristol Bldg., Minkara Bldg., Dr. Zakaria Hospital. Sport: Tennis and motoring. Priv. Addr.: Clemenceau Str., Minkara Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01374112, Beirut, Lebanon.' MIRZA (Said), Judge. Born in 1944 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Miss Jihane Harb, 3 children: Hanadi, Mona & Mohamed. Educ.: Makassed School, Lebanese University. Dipl.: LLB (1967). Career: Appointed Judge in 1971; Occupied Several Judicial positions; Appointed Attorney at Law in Mount Lebanon (1971-81); Examining Judge (1981-90), then President of Appeal Court (1990-92); 1st Examining Judge in Beirut (1992-99); President of Appeal Court in South Lebanon (1999-2002); President of Criminal Court in Mount Lebanon (2002-04); Appointed Prosecutor Supreme Court (2005-). Addr.: Palace of Justice Bldg., Sami Solh Str., Beirut, Lebanon.

MESSEIKE (Walid, Omar), Sales Manager Consumer Channels Professional & Consumer Division Alcatel Trade International in Dubai, Responsible for Sales in the Kingdom & Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar & Oman. Born on 10 Feb. 1974 at Beirut (Lebanon). Son of Dr. Omar Messeike and Mrs., née Fadia Nsouli, single. Education: Lebanese American University, Bachelors & Science in Business - Emphasis Marketing (1993-96). Career: Account Manager at Philips Electronics Middle East & Africa in the Consumer Communications Division 1996-98; Responsible for Sales in Egypt, The Levant Area Kuwait, Oman & the U.A.E.; Sales Manager Iridium Middle East Corporation, 1998-2000; Responsible for Sales & The Satellite Terminals in Morocco, Egypt, Levant, Kuwait, Qatar and the C.I.S. Hobbies: Squash, tennis and swimming. Priv. Addr.: Oasis Bldg., Flat 334 Block (A), Bur. Dubai - U.A.E., Tel.: +971-506501418 (Mobile Dubai), +971-43592815 (Home Dubai) and in Beirut, Mazraa Corniche, Bohsali Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: +961-1-311211 (Beirut), +961-3-229976 (Mobile Beirut).

MISKAWI (Omar, Kamel), Former Minister, former Deputy. Born in Tripoli, 1935. Son of Kamel Miskawi. Married to Miss Mona Abdulghani Oubari, 3 daughters. Educ.: Cairo University and al-Azhar University. Dipl.: LL.B. (1961). Career: Lawyer in Tripoli (since 1961); Member of the Municipality of Tripoli; Member of the Higher Council of Islamic Sharia since 1964; Elected Deputy of Tripoli (1992, reelected in 1996); Minister of Transport (1992-98), Pubi: Author of "Wahdat al-Hadara" and "Falsafat Malik Bennabi". Hobbies: Reading and walking. Prof. Addr.: Tripoli, Massaref Str., Miskawi Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 06-430165, 436438, Tripoli, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: 06-602050, Tripoli, Lebanon.

MIKATI (Najib), Former Minister of Public Works and Transport, Businessman. Born on Nov. 24, 1955, Lebanon. Son of Azmi Mikati (deceased) and Mrs., née Souad Abdallah Ghandour. Married, 3 children: Educ.: Lycée Français, American University of Beirut, Harvard University (U.S.A.), INSEAD (France). Dipl.: M.A. Business Administration (A.U.B., 1979-80), Higher Diploma, Harvard University (U.S.A., 1989). Career: Elected Member, Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Beirut and Mount Lebanon (1992) reelected in 1996; Appointed Minister of Public Works and Transport (Dec. 1998-2004); Elected Member, Lebanese Parliament (Aug. 2000-June 2005); Appointed Prime Minister(2004-05). Prof. Addr.: Ain Tineh/Verdun, near Office of President Hussein el-Husseini, Tel.: 03222222,03-333111,Beirut, Lebanon.

MISKI (Adnan, M.A.), Academic. Born in 1945 in Beirut. Son of Mohamed Ali Miski (tradesman) and Mrs. Afifeh Miski. EdJc.: American University of Beirut, (1966-71); University of California, Davis, USA (197175). Dipl.: B.Sc. in Biology, M.Sc. in Nutrition, and Ph.D. in Nutrition. Career: Researcher in Nutrition, Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (1975-79); Part time Assistant Professor of Nutrition, American University of Beirut (1975-79); Human Nutrition Specialist, Regional Agriculture and Water Research Center, Riyad, Saudi Arabia (1979-80); Researcher in Nutrition, Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research and part time Assistant Professor at the American University of Beirut (1980-82); Full time Assistant Professor of Nutrition at the American University of Beirut (1982-84); Full Time Associate Prof, of Nutrition at the American University of Beirut (since 1984). Work: Teaching a number of courses in Nutrition and supervision of M.Sc. thesis students. Pubi.: Various research publications in Human and Poultry Nutrition published in International Journals. Sports: Football, table tennis, swimming. Member: Sigma Xi, Lebanese Association for the Advancement of

MINKARA (Ahmad, Abdul Kader), Engineer. Born on 3 Sept. 1942. Son of Abdul Kader Minkara (merchant, contractor) and Mrs., née Samia Mouheb. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, International College, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Engineering. Dipl.: B.Sc. (Eng.): From AUB. Career: Set up practice under the style

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Science, Lebanese Nutrition Societies, Poultry Science Association. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Beirut, P.O.Box 236, Tel.: 01-350000, 865250 ext. 22547, 22712, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Chiah, Sahat al-Barid, Miski Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 03-250364, Lebanon.

Intensive Care and Inhalation Therapy; Graduation Diploma in Anesthesiology from American University of Beirut. Career: Chairman of Anesthesia and Inhalation Therapy Department at Najjar Hospital, Associate to the Medical Staff at the American Hospital of Beirut; Attending Physician at Makassed General Hospital. Hobby: Reading History and Geography, Fine Arts. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, P.O.Box. 11-0236, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Raoucheh, al-Tani Bldg., Tel.: 01809997, 03-224804, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

MITRI (Tarek), Minister. Born in 1950 in Tripoli (North Lebanon). Married to Miss Eliane Kamati, 2 children: Dalia & Ziad. Educ.: American University of Beirut (A.U.B.); Université Paris X (France). Dipl.: Licence in Sciences & Philosophy; Doctorate in Political Sciences. Career: In charge of Islamo- Christian Relations at the world council of churches; Visitor Professor at Amsterdam University (1998) and Harvard University (2003); Professor of University of Balamand & Geneva University; Appointed Minister of Environment & Minister of State for Administrative Reform (2004-2005); Minister of Culture (2005-). Addr.: Ministry of Culture, Starco Bldg., 12th floor, Tel.: 01-371276, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOAWAD (Nayla, Mrs.), née Issai Khoury, Member of Parliament, Minister. Born on July 3, 1940 in Beirut. Daughter of Negib Issai Khoury (Lawyer) and Mrs., née Evelyne Roch. Married to Me René Moawad (former President of the Republic), 2 children: one Girl, Rima (6/7/1966) and one Boy, Michel (4/6/1972). Educ.: Secondary Studies: Ecole des Franciscaines Missionnaires de Marie, Rue du Musée. Dipl.: One Year in Cambridge, England Davies School for language, Université St. Joseph, Beirut, GCE Diplôme, Ecole des Lettres, Licence ès Lettres. Career: Journalism at l'Orient (Newspaper) (Nov. 1963-JuL, Aug. 1965); Appointed Member of Parliament (since June 7, 1991- elected in 1992 and in 1996- to date);Appointed Minister of Social Affairs (2005to date). Other Information: Represented Lebanon in the International Parliamentary Conference in Cameroun (1992) . Work: President of Rene Moawad Foundation. Addr.: Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

MNEIMNEH (Ali, Saadine), Dean of the Faculty of Sciences at Lebanese University. Born on Aug. 29, 1950 in Beirut. Son of Saadine Mneimneh and Mrs. Hayat Mneimneh. Married on Sept. 1, 1975 to Miss Boushra Edeibi, 3 children: Saadine, Ola, Mohamed. Educ.: P.H.D. in Mathematics, Université de Besançon, France. Dipl.: P.H.D. Career: Professor at the Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University (Hadath); Dean of the Faculty of Sciences at Lebanese University since 2001 to date. Sports practised: Jogging. Hobby: Reading. Prof. Addr.; Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Tel.: 05/462225, Hadath, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Dinawi Str., Mseitbeh, Mar Elias, Tel.: 01/704181, E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

MOAWI (Jaafar), Diplomat. Born on Mar. 27, 1945 in Baalbeck, Lebanon. Son of Mohamad Moawi and Mrs., née Khadige Boustani. Educ.: Lebanese University. Diplomas: Bachelor in Law (Lebanese University); Bachelor in Political Science (Lebanese University). Languages: Arabic, French, English, Persian. Career: Ministry of National Education (1963); Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1969); Embassy of Lebanon in Dakar (1971-77); Chargé d'Affaires of the Embassy of Lebanon in Jeddah (1977-79); Opening of the Embassy of Lebanon in Kinshasa (1979-80); Chargé d'Affaires of the Embassy of Lebanon in Teheran (1980-83); Ambassador of Lebanon in Zaire (1983-85); Ambassador of Lebanon to Iran (198590); Director-General of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs-Beirut (1990-94); Ambassador of Lebanon to Turkey (1994-99); Ambassador of Lebanon to Japan (1999-). Sports practised: Tennis, horse riding. Hobby: Collection of Manuscript. Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Lebanon, Tokyo, Japan, Tel.: 81-3-3580-1227 and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOALLEM (Ahmed, Aref), Magistrate. Born in 1934 at Chehim (Lebanon). Son of Aref Moallem and Mrs., née Bana Hamdan. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lecturer in Law at Military School, Advocate General before Beirut Military Court; Retired in 1.7.2002. Award: Knight, Humanitarian Order (1961), President of Chehim an-Nahda club. Sports: Tennis and football. Hobbies: Sport and literary works. Prof. Addr.: Law Courts, Sami Solh, Palace of Justice Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-383200, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Tarik Jedide, Afif Tibi Str., Jannoun Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-302991, Beirut, Lebanon. MOALLEM (Chahrazad, Mohieddine), Anesthesiologist and intensive care physician. Wife of Wassef Harakeh, 3 children: Zahi (1984), Hadi (1985) and Dani (1987). Born in 1951 at Beirut. Daughter of Mohieddine Moallem and Mrs., née Ramzieh Khatib. Educ.: French Lycée, Faculty of Medicine at Bordeaux, France; American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Medical Diploma, National French Board in Anesthesiology,

MOBAYED (Lucien, Spiridon), Civil and Electrical Engineer, Counsellor, Banque du Liban. Born in 1926, at el-Mina (Tripoli), North Lebanon. Son of Spiridon Mobayed (Industrialist) and Mrs., née Olga Saleeby.

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Academy of Fine Arts (Piatro Vanossi) Rome 1961 (Academy Diploma). Career: Painter in the Ministry of electrical and hydraulic resources since 1963 till 2001; Painter instructor in Makassed Faculty (el-Horsh) and Children House (Makassed) from 1963 till 1982; Private office for engineering drawing and ad drawing as well as commercial drawing (Comiche el-Mazraa, Kassem Hammoud Bldg.). Member in the Association of the Lebanese Artists for drawing and sculpture, since 1964. Special exhibition: Vermont Gallery of art 1960; Ras Beirut Drawing Center 1962; Arab University of Beirut 1965; American University 1966; College of Arts 1969; Participation in all the exhibitions held by the ministry of national education and fine arts from 1956 till 1973; Participation in all common exhibitions with the Lebanese artists in Lebanon and in the world; Participation in Pinal exhibition, Alexandria in 1965, defining arts of the Mediterranean sea countries and obtained an award of appraisement for Ahlam painting; Participation in Pinal exhibition, Rio de Janeiro for plastic arts in 1969; Participation in Kuwait exhibtion, as to the Palestinian issue, in Dec. 1969; Accomplishment of a painting and wallpainting (Chamber of Commerce of Kuwait) 20 m length and 7 m width, in 1970. From his works: They are multiple including painting, drawing and sculpture on all various oil and hydraulic painting, gouache pastel, wood and copper sculpture, and many drawings by means of the Chinese ink, as well as promoting this work in governmental and public institutions, in houses located in Lebanon, America, France, Italy, Syria, Iraq, Borma, Brazil and certain Arab countries, and others, and this either being offered or purchased. Writing a considerable number of articles concerning the History of art in Lebanon and in the world, a criticism in "Lisan al-Hal" Newspaper, concerning exhibitions held in Beirut each week approximately, from 1969 till 1972. Trade works as drawing on furniture and decor and roof works in Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Jordan from 1973 till 1975. Addr.: Beirut, Mazraa, Ab&Ebn Str., Chehab Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-656105, Lebanon.

Married in 1962 in Beirut to Miss Marlene Eduen, 3 children: Eduen, Carlo and Olga. Educ.: Université St. Joseph (1935-44); Ecole Supérieures d'Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (1944-48). Dipl.: Civil Engineer (ESIB), ESE Electronic Engineer (Paris 1952), Lebanese Management Association. Career: Head of Department of Studies and Telecommunications (Directorate of Civil Aviation) (195065); Director of Electricity; Director of Hydraulics (Ministry of Hydroelectric Resources 1965-80); President of the Expropriation Committee in North Lebanon (1974); Professor of Electrical Energy Transmission Lines and Telecommunications by Satellites (ESIB 1978-87); Director General of Beirut Water Authority (1980-90) Work: Counsellor, Banque Centrale du Liban. Medals: Knight of Cedar order. Hobbies: Classical music, banknotes and money coins evolution trends. Member: Ordre des Ingénieurs au Liban, SEE (France). Prof. Addr.: Banque du Liban, P.O.Box 11-5544. Tel.: 01-750045, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Abouchalache Bldg; 2nd floor, Youssef Karam Str., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-323634, Beirut, Lebanon. MOGHAIZEL (Fadi), Attorney-at-Law. Born on 4 Aug. 1963 in Beirut. Son of Joseph Moghaizel (deceased, Attorney-at-law, former MP, former Minister of Environment) and Mrs. Laure Nasr (deceased, Attorneyat-law). Married in July 1989 in United Kingdom, to Miss Agnes Kikano, four children: Joseph, Jad, Laure, Lynn. Educ.: Collège Louise Wegman (Bchemoun), Lycée Franco-Libanais (Beirut), Université St. Joseph - Faculty of Law (Beirut), University of London (Queen Mary College and School of Oriental and African Studies). Dipl.: (1990): Ph.D., University of London; (1986): LLM, University of London; (1985): Licence en droit, St. Joseph University, Beirut. Career: Since 1994: Senior Partner, Moghaizel Law Offices, Beirut; (1990-93): Associate, Coudert Frères, Paris; (1988-90): Partner, Moghaizel Law Offices, Beirut; (1985-88): Associate, Moghaizel Law Offices, Beirut. Sports: Swimming, cycling & jogging. Hobbies: Reading, walking. Clubs and Associations: Member of the Beirut Bar since 1985; Member of the Paris Bar from 1992 to 1994; Secretary General of the "Alliance of Arab Lawyers", a network of independent law firms; Member of the Council of the Section of Business Law at the International Bar Association; Correspondent to various foreign legal publications. Prof. Addr.: 145, Gebran Tueni Square, SNA Bldg., 1st floor, P.O.Box 16/6742 Ashrafieh, Beirut 1100 2150 Lebanon, Tel.: +9611-333753, Fax: +961-1-201354. Priv. Addr.: Eagle II Bldg., Khairallah Str., Tel.: 01-219977, Ashrafieh, Beirut.

MOHANNA (Mario), Businessman. Born in 1949 in Bolivia. Son of Hanna Mohanna (Landholder) and Mrs. Maria El Hachem. Married, 2 Children: Bassam and Walid. Educ.: Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour, Saint Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: Masters in Economics, Bachelor in political sciences and public administration, Diploma in management. Career: Agriculture and land development since 1974; Founder and chairman of "Groupe Patrimoine" since 1982, which is a group of three companies, first two, "Patrimoine investment SAL" and "Patrimoine Conseil SARL" specialize in real estate consulting, marketing, brokerage, development and management; "Opportunity SAL" specializes in international collective investment. Former member of the board of directors of "Société Independence Plaza SAL"

MOGHARBEL (Omar), Artist painter. Born in Beirut, 1937. Married. Educ.: Titular of the intermediate level certificate; First Study with the help of the artist Omar el-Ounsi, 1957; Ras Beirut Center for music and drawing from 1958 till 1960 (Institute Certificate); 242

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MOHBAT

affiliated to the Central Bank of Lebanon; Cooperates as real estate sworn expert and consultant with the World Bank, the Central Bank of Lebanon, many banks, Ministries, and Embassies, and the Greek Orthodox and Maronite Patriarchies in Lebanon. Pubi.: Author of many research papers and articles dealing with economics and real estate in Lebanon. Lecturer: in real estate economics and legislation at the University of Balamund - A L B A , Institute of Urban Planning, Saint Joseph University, and the Lebanese University. Member: of the Ad-Hoc committee appointed by the cabinet of ministers in 1991 for the reorganization of the administration in Lebanon; of the working team appointed by the Prime Minister in 2000 to evaluate the real estate situation, and of the R.D.C.L. (Rassemblements de Dirigeants et Chefs d'Entreprises Libanais) in which he occupied the posts of member on the Managing Board, Treasurer and vice president. Hobbies: aviation (L'aeroclub), cinema (ciné club of the French cultural center) and classical music (Jeunesses Musical du Liban). Sports: golf and swimming. Addr.: Achrafieh, Ferneine str. ( o f f Abdel Wahab El-Englizi) A l Arz Bldg., P.O.Box 16-5427 Tel.: 01-335011, 204125, Beirut, Lebanon.

Dean of the Pontifical Faculty of T h e o l o g y ( U S E K ) (Feb.2000-July 2005); Actually, Spiritual Director ci the Religious Community of St-Joseph Convent-Jrapta. Pubi.: author of a number of articles published in "Melto" journal. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Convent N.D. de Mayfouk(Jbeil), Lebanon, Tel.: 03-326920. M O H A R R A M (Chafic, Saleh), Former second subgovernor Bank of Lebanon. Born on 26 Dec. 1929 in Beirut. Son of Saleh Moharram (merchant) and Mrs., née Fatme Idriss. Married in 1964 in Beirut to Miss Ghada Nsouli, 2 children: Educ.: French Lycée, Janson de Sail lycée (Paris), Polytechnic School (Paris), Roads and Bridges School (Paris). Dipl.: B.Sc. (Eng. - Roads and Bridges). Career: Chief of study service, Ministry of Public Works (1956-59), Technical and Economic Adviser at the Presidency of the Republic (1960-64), Second SubGovernor Bank of Lebanon (1964); former Chairman, Board of Directors, I N T R A . Sports: Swimming and ski. Priv. Addr.: 126, Ayn Mreisseh Str., Moakassa Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01-366663, Beirut, Lebanon. MOHASSEB

(Gedeon, Mansour),

Professor

of

Neurosurgery. Born on 12 May 1927 at Ghosta (Lebanon). M O H A N N A (Mohamed, Assaad), M.D. Public Health. Born on 21 Mar. 1926 at al-Khayyam (Marjeyoun, South Lebanon). Son of Assaad Mohanna (landowner) and Mrs., née Maryam Haithame. Married to Miss Sana Neemé, 3 children: Assaad, Yasser and Randa. Educ.: Collège de la Sagesse, Beirut; Universities of Montpellier, Paris and Montreal. Dipl.: M.D. Public Health, Pediatrician. Career: Private clinic since 1956; Professor, Lebanese University; Visting Professor, School of Health, American University of Beirut; Director of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Public Health (since 1975). Pubi.: Wrote many articles in specialized magazines, delivered several conferences, etc. Hobby: Music. Prof. Addr.: Ghobeiri, Mcharrafieh, Najah Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01541551, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ancienne Rue de Saida, Haret Hraik, Mohanna Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01-541552, Beirut, Lebanon.

Son of Mansour Mohasseb (proprietor) and Mrs., née Labibé el-Berri. Married on 14 Dec. 1963 to Miss Leila Georges Michel Khoury, 4 children: Sabine, Claudine, Elie and Georges. Educ.: Collège des Apôtres (Jounieh), Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier (1947-61). Dipl.: M.D. 1954, Interne of the Montpellier Hospitals 1956. Career: Neurosurgery under Pr. Claude Gros, Montpellier 5 years, 6 months under Gerard Guiot, Hôpital Foch, Paris: Agrégé Professor in Neurosurgery; Concours Paris, Jan. 1966. Head Department of Neurosurgery - Hôtel-Dieu de France (1972-92). Professor of Neurosurgery, French Faculty of Medicine (Beirut); Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. Priv. Addr. Sahel Alma, Jounieh Tel.: +961-9-930174, Ghosta (Summer +961-9-262221, Tel. (Office): 961-9-637544, P.O.Box 446 Jounieh, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. MOHBAT

M O H A N N A (Thomas, Loutfallah), Cleric, Faculty Dean. Born in 1929 at Eddeh (Batroun), Lebanon. Son of Loutfallah Mohanna and Mrs., née Badi'a Mohanna. Educ.: Mayfouk College, Gregorian University of Rome. Dipl.: Doctorate (philosophy). Career: Ordained to the priesthood in the Order of Lebanese Monks, lecturer in philosophy at Holy Spririt University since 1962; Dean Faculty of Philosophy of the said University (1966-86); Professor of Philosophy at the Institute of Social Sciences II (Lebanese University), (1979-2000); Assistant General of the Maronite Lebanese Order (1980-86); Superior in the Convent St. Maron d'Annaya (St. Charbel), (1986-95); Superior in the Convent Notre-Dame de Mayfouk (199598);General Secretary of 0,L.M.(Dec.l998-Feb.2000);

(Sabas

Jean,

Fadlallah),

Merchant,

director of enterprises. Born on 26 Mar. 1924 in Beirut. Son of Faddlallah Mohbat and Mrs., née Léonie Pharaon. Married to Miss Edmée Geneviève Etiennette Flichy, 2 daughters: Sabine and Isabelle. Educ.: Chateaubriand Collège (Rome). Career: In business and management of enterprises; Proprietor and director of Etablissements Sabas J. Mohbat. Member: Spéléo Club of Lebanon. Sports:

Ski,

swimming,

speleology.

Prof.

Addr.:

Ashrafieh, Selim Takla Str., Awad Bldg., P.O.Box 16-5536, Tel.: 01-200701/702,217680,324460, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Ghazalieh Str., Paul Shedrawi Bldg., 7th floor Tel.: 01328764, Beirut, Lebanon and 77, Boulevard Suchet,

243

MOKADDEM

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

75016, Tel.: 01-45242306, Fax: 01-40506377, Paris, France.

Mokbel became the principal shareholder and member of the Board of "Crédit Commercial de France" (Lebanon), "Crédit Commercial du Moyen-Orient" (C.C.M.O.); (1990-92): President of the Alumni of American University of Beirut (Mount-Lebaon); (1991-): Member of the Board of Trustees of Balamand University; (1992): Elected member of the Board of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Beirut); (1992-): Member of the Board of Trustees of "Chronic Care Center"; (Oct. 1992): Minister of Environment. Permanent Address: Rabieh, Mokbel Bldg., Tel.: 04-403003/4, Fax: 04-404323, P.O.Box 70-838 Antelias, Lebanon.

MOKADDEM (Afif), Member of the Lebanese Constitutional Council, and former President of the Court of Audit, Judge in Law, Honorary Judge. Awards: Commander's Legion of Honor. Born in 1931 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Mohammed Hamze Mokaddem and Mrs. Duriah Ismail. Married in 1967 in Beirut to Hana Chucri Hamasni, 5 children: Rana (1968), Samer (1970), Rola (1971), Amer (1974), Nader (1979). Educ.: Academie Libanaise des Beaux Arts (ALBA); School of Political & Economical Sciences; Bachelor degree in Political Studies and Economics; Diploma in Public Law; Diploma in History of Politics; Diploma in Applied Economics; Diploma in International Relations; Diploma in Micro Economics, Lebanese University, School of Law. Dipl.: Bachelor Degree in Law. Career: Presently Honorary Judge Member of the Constitutional Council; Judge Afif Mokaddem was appointed President of the Court of Audit on July 1, 1996; Former President of the Arab Association of Higher Financial and Accounting Control Bodies. Positions held: Controller at the Court of Audit in 1957; Judge at the Court of Audit in 1963; President of Chamber of Audit (1992); Head of the Expropriation Committee at the Council for Projects Execution of the City of Beirut (1966-90); Financial Advisor to the Lebanese University from 1974 until 1990; Head of the Committee on the Amendment of the Public Accountancy Law. Other functions: Chairman of the Board Judicial Studies Institute, Financial Law Section (until June 1999); Member of the Legal Advisory Commission at the Lebanese University (until June 1999); Head of the Higher Assessment Committee on the Examination of Objections to the decisions of assessment committees regarding the settlement of violations of the Construction Law in the Mohafazat of the City of Beirut (until 1999). Academic Positions: Professor at the Lebanese University, since 1968; Professor at the Beirut Arab University, since 1992; Professor at the Institute of Judicial Studies. He Represented Lebanon in several international conferences on financial control. Addr.: Mazraa, Saliba Str., Shehadeh Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-655000, 03-295795, Fax: 01-640111, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOKDAD (Abdul Karim), Former Officer (general) in F.S.I. (Interior Security Forces). Born in 1935 in Haret Hreik, Lebanon. Son of Ahmad Mokdad and Mrs. Fatina Mokdad. Married in 1973 in Beirut to Sadika Danchyar, 5 children: Farah (1973), Mehran (1974), Rida (1975), Amir (1982), Diana (1986). Educ.: Makassed School, Lebanese University. Dipl.: Magister in Law, Certificat of Sorbonne University Criminology. Career: Former President of the Central Administration in F.S.I. (Interior Security Forces). Awards: Lebanese Medal of Merit (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree); Medal of the National Cedars with grade of Officer and knight; Commemorative Medal; Honour and merit medal from the Republic of HAITI (Commander degree). Sports: Swimming. Hobby: Antiquity (Carpets and Old Furniture). Member: Saadé Sport Club (Rawché). Priv. Addr.: Airport Road, Abdallah Machnouk Str., al-Amir Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-835820, Beirut, Lebanon. MOKDAD (Ali, Mohamed), Internist, Neurologist, Member of Parliament. Born in 1961 at Mkanneh (Baalbeck-Hermel). Married, 3 children: Mohamed (1987), Sarah (1990), Bachar (1995). Educ.: Primary, Elementary and Secondary at Official School in Baalbeck; Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health, Makassed School; Neurology at AUB. Career: Internist, Neurologist. Elected Deputy of Baalbeck-Hermel (2005-.to date). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut. Clinic: Aéroport Square, Tel.: 01-841238, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Haret Hreik, Behind Bahmam Hospital, Tel.: 01-555301, 03-666661, Beirut, Lebanon. MORETTI (René, Jules), Engineer, director of companies. Born on 2nd May 1930 in Beirut. Son of Jules Moretti and Mrs., née Marie-Antoinette Caporal. Married on 4 Aug. 1955 to Miss Elsa Guerrovich, 2 children: Patrizia and Didier. Educ.: Lille Faculty. Dipl.: B.Sc. (Eng.) Career: President Director General of "Ets. Caporal & Moretti S.A.L.", CM Entreprises S.A.L.", "Libamat S.A.L.", "René Moretti & Partners S.A.L."; member of the board of "Lebanon Electrical Equipment S.A.L." Sport: Ski and swimming. Prof. Addr.: Str. D54, Horch Tabet, Sin el-Fil, René Moretti Bldg., B.P. 11-1920,

MOKBEL (Samir), former Minister. Born in 1939. Married to Miss Joyce James, 5 children. Educ.: St. Joseph University and American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Civil Engineering (1963). Career: (1963-): Chairman of the Board of "S. Mokbel & Partners Contractors"; (1978-): Chairman of the Board of "S. Mokbel & Partners - Foncière"; (1988-97): Mr. Samir

244

MOUBARAK

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

E-mail: [email protected]., Tel.: 01-485970/1/2/3, 481269, Fax: 01-481271, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Mteileb, North Metn, Villa Moretti, P.O.Box. 506, Tel.: 01404525, Lebanon.

c/o Maronite Archbishopric, Sagesse Bldg., Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-561980/4, Beirut, Lebanon. MOUBARAK (Samir), Diplomat. Born in Beirut on Mar. 23, 1943. Son of Moussa Moubarak (former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ambassador to Paris), and Nada (daughter of Najib Bey Aboussouan, former Chief Justice, Minister of Justice, and Mutasarrif of the Beirut Wilayet). Single. Educ.: (1977): Ph.D. in History, Sorbonne, Paris, France, Graduated with honors; (1966): H.E.C. Diplome de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, Paris, France; (Apr. 1996): Training Program with Compagnie Continentale de France on the construction of a silo in Bordeaux, France; (Summer 1965): Training Program with Continental Grain Co. (New York, Chicago, Kansas City and San Francisco) on Merging and Spreading Techniques. Languages: Arabic, French, English, Italian. Work Experience: (1999-): Ambassador of Lebanon, Madrid, Spain; (July 1994-99): Permanent Representative of Lebanon to The United Nations, New York: Member of the Lebanese Delegations to the 49th (1994), 50th (1995), 51st (1996), 52nd (1997), 53rd (1998) sessions of the General Assembly, Head of the Lebanese Delegation to the Twentieth Special Session of the General Assembly on the World Drug Problem in New York (June 1998), Chairman of the Tenth Meeting of the States Parties to the convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination against Women in New York (Feb. 1998), Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the Substantive Session of ECOSOC in Geneva (Jun.-July 1997); Head of the Lebanese Delegation to the Seabed Authority Conference in Kingston, Jamaica (Mar. 1997); Head of the Lebanese Delegation to the G77 meeting in San Jose (Costa Rica) on South-South; Conference on Trade, Investment and Finance (Jan. 1997); Head of the Lebanese Delegation to the Security Council meetings on Lebanon; Member of the Presidential Lebanese Delegation to the Special Session of the General Assembly on Lebanon (Apr. 1996), VicePresident of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations, New York (Jan. 1996), Vicepresident of the United Nations 50th session of the General Assembly, New York (Sept. 1995), Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the United Nations World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen (Mar. 1995); (1988-94): Ambassador, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon: Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the Bilateral Middle East Peace Talks in Washington, DC. (1991-93). Coordinator of the Lebanese Delegation with the three other Arab Delegations to the Bilateral Peace Talks. Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the Arab Coordination meetings on the Middle East Peace Talks in Beirut (1/04/92), Damascus (19-20/08/92), Amman (1819/10/92), Beit-Mery (4/12/92), Cairo (24/12/92), Cairo (11-12/01/92), Damascus (28-29/03/92), Damascus (1617/04/93), Damascus (19-20/04/93), and Amman (6/06/93), Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the

MORTADA (Jihad), Ambassador of Lebanon to London, and non-Resident to Ireland. Born on Oct. 26,1942 in Baalbeck (Lebanon). Son of Ali Mortada and Mrs. Fabian Mortada. Married to Rima Barazi, 2 children: Rani (20/01/75), Ranim (25/01/81). Educ.: Lebanese University - Beirut. Dipl.: Licence in Law. Career: (197274): Lebanese Embassy at Doha; (1974-77): Lebanese Embassy in Cairo; (1977-80): Lebanese Embassy in Vienna; Substitute Delegate at the Organizations & Specialized Agencies of the United Nations; (1980-83): Juridical Studies, Research and Documentation Center Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Beirut; (1983-86): "Deputy Chief of Mission" (D.C.M.) - Lebanese Embassy in Washington; (1986-90): Ambassador of Lebanon to Buenos Aires; (1990-94): Director of Juridical Studies, Research and Documentation Center-Ministry of Foreign Affairs-Beirut and Member of the Lebanese Delegation at the Conference of Peace in Middle East, Madrid and Washington; (1994-95): Ambassador of Lebanon to the Hague; (Nov. 1995-99): Ambassador of Lebanon to Brussels; (Feb. 1996-99): Chief of Lebanese Mission at the European Union; (Oct. 1996-99): Ambassador of Lebanon to Luxemburg; (1999-): Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to London, and Ambassador non-resident to Ireland. Decor.: Grand Cruz Libertador St. Martin (Argentina). Prof. Addr.: 21, Palace Gardens Mews, London W4RA, United Kingdom. Priv. Addr.: 21, Kensington Palace Gardens, London W.8 4QM, United Kingdom. MOUBARAK (Camille, Père), Superior of Collège de la Sagesse. Born in 1947 in Kfamice (Chouf), Lebanon. Son of Moubarak (merchant) and Mrs., née Zahia Chahine. Educ.: Secondary School in Furn el-Chebbak; Université St. Joseph; Université St. Esprit Kaslik. Dipl.: Licence in theology and philosophy; DEA ès lettres (comparative literature) from the University of Lyon, France. Career: Professor of literature and human sciences at Collège Protestant, Notre-Dame de Jamhour, la ligue Libanaise and la Sagesse; Superior of Collège de la Sagesse, Ashrafieh. Author of a novel "Destin et heroisme" (1976) and a collection of poems "Chandelles qui ne s'éteignent pas" (1987); "Hiina Tozher al-Jirah", "Safar bila Massafa'at", "Rassae'el Minni Ilaye", "Khaibat Amai", "Al Intropologia wal Akhlak al Ijtimaiyah", "Atta'addodiah Assakañyah fil Fikr Essiyassi", "La Question des Minorités". Decor.: Knight of the Order of St. Maron, Montreal, Canada. Sports: Walking and spring-board. Hobby: Poetry. Member of the Academy of Lebanese Thinking. Prof. Addr.: La Sagesse,

245

MOUCHARRAFYEH

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 £008

Middle East Peace Conference in Madrid (Oct. 1991), Member of the Presidential Delegation to the 46th Session (1991). United Nations General Assembly; (1982-88): Ambassador of Lebanon, Stockholm, Sweden: Ambassador of Lebanon; also accredited to Norway and Denmark; Representative of Lebanon to the Stockholm Disarmament Conference, 1984; (1977-82): Special Advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon: Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the 33rd (1978), 34th (1979), and 35th (1980) sessions of the UN General Assemblies; Member of the Lebanese Delegations to the meeting of Arab Foreign Ministers (Tunis, 1977), to the Working visit of the President of the Republic of Lebanon to France (1978), to the meeting of Arab Foreign Ministers (Kuwait, 1979), to the meeting of Arab Foreign Ministers (Baghdad, 1979), to the 6th Summit of the NonAligned Countries (Havana, 1979), to Romania (1979) to Austria (1980), to the 3rd Islamic Summit of Taef (Saudi Arabia), to the meeting of Arab Foreign Ministers (Tunis, 1981), to the quadripartite Arab Conferences on Lebanon (Beiteddine 1981), to the meeting of Arab Foreign Ministers (Tunis, 1982), to the quadripartite Arab Conference on Lebanon (Jeddah, 1982), to the meeting of Arab Foreign Ministers (Fez, 1982), and to the 12th Arab Summit (Muhammadieh and Fez, 1982): (1973-77): First Secretary, Embassy of Lebanon, Paris, France; (Apr. 1977): Charge d'Affaires, a.L, Embassy of Lebanon, Madrid, Spain; (1969-73): Member of the Lebanese Delegation, Permanent Mission of Lebanon to the United Nations, New York: Member of the 24th (1969), 25th (1970), 26th (1971), and 27th (1972) sessions of the UN General Assemblies; Member of the Lebanese Delegations to the Security Council (Jan. 1970, May 1970, Aug. 1970, Feb. 1971, July 1972, Aug. 1972); Member of the Lebanese Delegation to ECOSOC, UNDP, and UNIDO (1969-73); Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the celebration of the 25th Anniversary of the United Nations Charter; Member of the Lebanese Delegation to the 3rd UNCTAD conference in Santiago, Chile; (1967-69): Political Section, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon: Admitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Nov., 1967, ranking first position on "Entrance Exam"; Sent on political missions to Egypt, Belgium, and France. Member of the 23rd (1968) session of the UN General Assembly. Medals: Great Crosses of: Sweden, Brazil and Italy. Prof. Addr.: c/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beirut, Lebanon and Lebanese Embassy, Paseo de la Castellana, 178, 3 izquierda, 28046 Madrid, Madrid 16, Spain.

since 1951, Dean of Faculty of Sciences in the said university (1960-64), member National Scientific Research Council of Lebanon (1968), Minister of Planning (1970-72). Pubi: Author of various notes to the Paris Academy of Sciences (1948-50), of a study published in the physics and radium journal (1951), thesis on the study of isolated traces produced by cosmic rays in nuclear emulsions (Masson - 1952). Hobby: Music. Priv. Addr.: Hourani Str., Yared Bldg., Tel.: 01-362160, Beirut, Lebanon. MOUFARRIGE (Georges, Toufic), Lawyer, businessman. Born on 26 Nov. 1936 at Bishmezzine (Koura), Lebanon. Son of Toufic Mouffarrige Pasha and Mrs., née Lamia Tamer. Married in 1964 in Beirut to Miss Gina Tagher. Educ.: La Sorbonne, Paris; Cambridge, UK. Career: Lawyer, director "Etablissements Moufarrige", "Banque Libanaise d'Economie", Chairman of "Levant Insurance, S.A.L.", founder and Chairman "Express Advertising". Pubi: Author of a comparative study on bankers secrecy between Switzerland and Lebanon. Member: Aero Club, Association for the Protection of Ancient Sites and Dwelings in Lebanon. Sports: Winter sports and water ski. Hobby: Stamp collecting. Priv. Addr.: Sursock Str., Rayes Bldg., 2nd floor, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-337975, Beirut, Lebanon. MOUKARZEL (Fayez, Rahal), M.D. Born in 1935. Son of Rahal Moukarzel and Mrs., née Gisele Jabre. Married in 1961 to Miss Huguette Alfred Gedeon, 3 children: Alexa, Rahal and Alfred. Educ.: French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Dipl.: M.D., former interne in Paris hospitals. Career: Interne, St. Joseph hospital of Paris; medical assistant, St. Antoine hospital of Paris (1962); gastroenterologist at Lebanese Getaoui hospital, Beirut. Pubi.: Author of a number of studies on liver and stomach diseases. Member: Association of Paris Graduates. Prof. Addr.: Clinic Medical Moukarzel, Ashrafieh, Sioufi Str., Mitsubichi Bldg., 1st floor, (near Schoucair Two), Tel.: 01-201268, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Youssef Sursock Str., Ashrafieh, Moukarzel Bldg., Tel.: 01-584880, 584934, Beirut, Lebanon. MOUKHEIBER (Ghassan), Lawyer, Deputy. Born on Dec.8, 1958 in Beit Mery, Lebanon. Educ.: Grand Lycée Laique Française of Beirut(1963-1975), Ecole des Frères, Mont la Salle, Ain Saadé(1976). Dipl.:Licence in Law (L.L.B.) from St. Joseph University, Master's degree from Harvard University (U.S.A.). Career: Active in the Lebanese Civic Community which deals in the fields of Human Rights, Democracy, Struggle against désintégration, and dispute solving. Writer and Lecturer on several Subjects, specially on the Liberty of Associations, and their Legality; President of the Defence Association for duty and Liberty (Justice); Also He worked for the Coordination of "Arab Initiative for the Liberty of

MOUCHARRAFYEH (Hassan), Academic. Born on 3 Nov. 1925 at Chueifat (Lebanon). Married to Miss Viviane Koechlin, 3 daughters: Leila, Aida and Samia. Educ.: Antoura College, College of the Christian Brothers, La Sorbonne (Paris). Dipl.: State doctorate in sciences from la Sorbonne. Career: Professor of physics at Lebanese University and centre of Mathematical Studies

246

MOURAD

BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION

Associations". Elected Deputy for Metn (2002 to date). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Beit Mery, Lebanon.

Gilbert and Zad. Educ.: St. Family Sisters School, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate), LL.B. Career: Lawyer, since 1956, professor of dramatic art at the Fine Arts Institute since 1966, lyrical artist since 1959. Sport: Relaxation. Hobby: Piano. Founder: Lebanese Theatre Circle, member of "Dar el-Fan". Priv. Addr.: Ain elRemmaneh, Homsi Station, Sammout Str., Anoud elSabbah Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-282699, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOUKHEIBER (Henri, Abdennour), Public Relations Counsellor. Born on Mar. 13,1922, in Beit Mery (Lebanon). Son of Abdennour Moukheiber (Engineer) and Mrs., née Dora Staub. Married to Miss Siham AbouHaidar, 2 children: Kamal and Ziad. Educ.: Lausanne Primary School (Switzerland), Marist Brothers College and French Lycée, Law Faculty of St. Joseph University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine (Criminology and Psychiatry). Dipl.: International Law and Economics (Doctorate). Career: Lawyer specialised in Social Legislation, Counsel to the Workers and Employees Trade Unions Federation, and the Press Association (until 1952); Journalist member of the Press Association Executive Council; Director, Ministry of Information and Tourism; Counsellor to the Ministry of Planning; TV. Spokesman of the Ministry of Information (1962-74). Act.: Promoted museums of cultural and historic reconstructions: "Libanorama" in Lebanon; "Iranorama" in Iran; "Saudirama" in Saudi Arabia and "Onurama" (International organization of Cultural Heritage). Pubi.: Author of "Histoiy of Beirut", "History of Tyre", "Lebanon's contribution to world civilization" and of several film productions on the Cultural contributions of Lebanon and the Arabs. Sports: Football, tennis. Priv. Addr.: Beit Mery, front of Post Office, Tel.: 04-870133, Lebanon.

MOUMNEH (Meheddine Mohammed), Born on Jan. 2, 1940 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Mohammed (Merchant) and Mrs. Souheila née el-Cheikh. Married in 1973 to Miss Fadia Sioufi. Educ.: Collège des Frères (Beyrouth), St. Joseph University and B.A. University. Dipl.: Faculty of Law (Beirut), Diploma of Marketing of Jouy-en-Josas (France). Career: Director of Distrai Petroleum Company (1985-90); Manager of Atlas Transport Company (1987-92); 1992 to 31.1.2001: General Secretary of Total Liban; Since 2001 Administrator of Total Liban; Shareholder of Remco Company: Legal and Marketing Consultant. Hobbies: Photography, swimming, reading, Priv. Addr.: Verdun Str., Verdun Bldg., Tel.: 03-201630, 01-813221, Postal Code 2039-7402, Beirut, Lebanon. MOUNLA (Nabil), Physician. Born on 10 Mar. 1944. Son of Adib Mounla (Businessman) and Mrs., née Badia Ghandour. Married on 8 May 1977 to Najwa Solh, 2 children, Nadine (1978), Ghina (1981). Educ.: French Lyceum (1962), French Faculty of Medicine, St. Joseph University, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: M.D. (1969), M.P.H. (1983). Career: Clinical Assistant Professor of Paediatrics, American University of Beirut (1976-) and Public Health Lecturer, American University of Beirut (1987-); Neonatologist - Health Behavior and Education. Member: Lebanese Family Planning Association. Prof. Addr.: Ardati Str., Tabbara Bldg.; Tel.: 01-740417, Beirut; American University of Beirut, P.O.Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Abla Str., Mona Bldg., Tel.: 01740336, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOULTAKA (Antoine, Zakhia), Professor of philosophy and dramatic arts, director. Born on 9 June 1933 in Beirut. Son of Zakhia Moultaka and Mrs., née Jamal Barouki. Married in 1959 to Miss Latife Chamoun (lawyer, professor of dramatic arts), 2 children: Gilbert and Zad. Educ.: al-Hikma College (1944-51), Lebanese Fine Arts Academy (1953-57). Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certificate), B.A. (philosophy). Career: Professor of philosophy since 1958, professor of dramatic arts since 1961, actor since 1950, stage director since 1954, chief of dramatic arts section at Fine Arts Institute, Lebanese University since 1966. Act.: directed well over 15 theatricals including "Macbeth" (Rashana festival 1962), "Crime and Punishment" (Rashana 1964), "alIzmil" (Nancy, 1965), "Deat al Tasseh" (1965-67), etc... President of Lebanese Theatre since its inception in 1961, member of IIT. Sport: Yoga. Hobby: Arts. Priv. Addr.: Ain el-Remmaneh, Homsy station, Sammout Str., Anoud el-Sabbah Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-282699, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOURAD (Abdulrahim), Former Deputy and former Minister. Born in 1942 in Ghaza (Bekaa), Lebanon. Son of Youssef Mourad "Mokhtar Village Mayor" and Mrs., born Aicha Abu Chahine. Married in 1968 in Lebanon to Mounira Mourad, 4 Children: Zeinab (1969), Hussein (1970), Hassan (1976) and Omar (1983). Educ.: Elementary & Intermediate schools in Ghaza, Saida Makassed School and Broumana National School, Arabic "Brevet" in Damascus, Syria; Arabic Baccalaureate in Cairo, Egypt. Business Administration diploma from Beirut Arab University in 1968, Law diploma from Beirut Arab University in 1974. Career: Started political activities at school in 1956; Founded in 1974 the "Arab

MOULTAKA-CHAMOUN (Latifé, Georges), Lawyer, professor of dramatic art. Born on 16 June 1932 at Bisharreh (Lebanon). Daughter of Georges Chamoun and Mrs., née Chafica Rahmé. Married in 1959 to Mr. Antoine Moultaka (professor, stage director), 2 children:

247

MOURAD

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

620732. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Dr. Salhab Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

Socialist Union"; His political program was to apply the "Nasserist" procedure to enhance freedom and socialism in general and to preserve Lebanon's unity and promote democracy on the national ground. Work: Owner of Carpet and textiles factories in Lebanon and Brazil; Nominated Deputy in 1991; Reelected in 1992, 1996 and (2000-2005); Minister of Vocational and Technical Education (May 1995 - Nov. 1996) and Minister of Education and Higher Education (since Oct. 2000 - till 2003); Appointed Minister of State (2003-04); Minister of Education and Higher Education(2004-05). President of Several charity and educational associations; the Association of Social and Cultural Development, that he founded in 1980, of "al-Wafa" Soc. and Educ. Ass.; of "alNahda" Islamic charity Ass., which created several schools, orphanage and technical & orientation school in the Bekaa and Lebanon; Member of FI ARAB (Association of Arab Emigrants). Sports: Swimming. Hobby: Reading. Member: Arabic Cultural Club, Beirut and President of the Arab Cultural Center of the Bekaa. Credit Cards: A.E. VISA, Diners. Priv. Addr.: Tallet el-Khayat, Tellview Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-790453, 790454, 03-699119, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOUSSA (May, Ghanem), President and member of social foundations. Born on 6 June 1934 at Nice (France). Married to Mr. Victor Moussa (LL.B.), 2 children: Nadine and Khalil. Educ.: French Protestant College. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate), Political Science (University of California); Fouder and Member of Directors "American Task Force For Lebanon", Washington DC, since 1986. Career: Honorary President of "Musical Youth of Lebanon", treasurer of "Infant and Mother Protection Society", President of "Ashrafieh Christian Ladies of Charity", committee member of Father Robert's Foundation, member of Church Unity Association. Awards: Commdr., Merit Order, Italian Republic; la Grande Médaille de la Mairie de Paris 1963; Cross, Pro Ecclesia et Pontífice" Vatican 1968. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Cinema movies and reading. Prof. Addr.: Saydeh Str., Sioufí, Victor Moussa Bldg., Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 166-127, Tel.: 01-200967, 20Ï967, Fax: 01-324966, Beirut, Lebanon. MOUSSA (Michel, Hanna), Cardiologist, former Minister, Deputy. Born in Maghdouche, 1949. Son of Hanna Nicolas Moussa. Married to Miss Janine Abou Khalil, 2 children: Sary, Bassam. Educ.: Primary and complementary in Maghdouche, Secondary in Saida, University of Montpellier (France). Dipl.: M.D. specialization in Cardiology (France). Career: Cardiologist; Elected Deputy (1992, reelected in 1996 to date); Minister of Labour and Social Affairs since december 1998 to 2001; Appointed Minister of Environment (2001-03); Minister of State (2003-04); Chairman of the Parliamentarian committee on human rights; Chairman of the Lebanese-Canadian friendship committee and member of the Lebanese-French Parliamentarian committee. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. Clinic: Saida, Hammoud Hospital, Tel.: 07-751374, 723888, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Maghdouché (Saida), Hanna Moussa Bldg., Tel.: 07-200333, Fax: 07-200085; Hazmieh Mar Takla Str., (Beirut), Ghassibeh Bldg., 1st floor, Appt.6, Tel.: 05527050, Lebanon.

MOURAD (Mahmoud), Member of Parliament. Born in 1949 in Fneideq, Akkar. Educ.: Teachers College (1972); Lebanese University (1984). Career: Member of "Future Party" in Akkar; Member of Board of Mohafez of North Lebanon; Director of Fneideq Office School (19902005); Elected Deputy of Akkar (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. MOURAD (Naaman, Joseph), Attorney, former banker. Born in 1944 in Beirut. Son of Joseph Mourad (Pharmacist) and Mrs., née Annette Chaer. Married on 17 Sept. 1970 to Miss Sonia Joseph Haddad, 3 children: Nadim, Yasmina and Youssef. Educ.: Pères Jésuites, Jamhour; Faculty of Law, Beirut. Dipl.: Licences in Private Law, Public Law, French Law, Lebanese Law and Political Sciences. Career: 3 years stage: from 1968 to 1971 at Me Fouad Naffah's office; from 1972 to 1976 worked in collaboration with Me Naffah; Attorney-at-Law, own office; formerly Administrative Delegate and Board Member of National Finance & Investment Co. SAL. and Diners Club SAL; former Vice-President and Board Member of United Bank of Saudia & Lebanon SAL; and former Vice-president and Board member of Banque Intercontinentale du Liban SAL; Currently director of United Real Estate Development Co. for Saudia and Lebanon SARL, Société de Presse Arabe Internationale (SPAI) SARL, Société Méditerranéenne des Grands Hôtels SAL, L'Union Immobilière Kaslik SAL and International Business Corp. SAL. Hobby: Reading. Credit Cards: Diners Club Card. Prof. Addr.: Lawyer's Office, Jal elDib Autostrade, Candy Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 03-387862,

MOUSSA (Victor, Habib), Lawyer, former chairman and director of companies. Born on 8 Sept. 1916 at Bikfaya. Son of Habib Moussa. Married to Miss May Ghanem, 2 children: Nadine and Khalil. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dip!.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer, former secretary general of General Security (High Commissioner's Office), former chairman and general manager of "Compagnie du Casino et Théâtre du Liban", former chairman of "Société d'Equipement Touristique, S.A.L.", of "Société Mixte du Froid, S.A.L.", of "Libano-

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American Commodity & Supply Corporation". Award: Commdr., Order of St. Gregory the Great with plaque (Vatican 1968). Member: Aero club. Hobby: Chess. Prof. Addr.: Saydeh Str., Sioufi, Victor Moussa BIdg., Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 166-127 (Ashrafieh), Tel.: 01324971/72, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: same, Tel.: 01-200967, 201967, Beirut, Lebanon.

as-Sabbah BIdg., 2nd floor, Ain al-Remmaneh, 01-286337, Beirut, Lebanon. MOUSSAWI (Ammar), Former Member of Parliament. Born in 1962 at Haret Hreik, Lebanon. Educ.: Primary, Nabi Chiit Official School; Secondary, Baalbeck Official Secondary School; University studies. Career: Politial Supervisor at "Islam Voice" Radio (1985-89); Member, Political bureau of "Hezbollah" since 1989, its Vice-Pre-sident (1990-95); Elected Deputy (1996-2005). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

MOUSSA (Walid), Priest. Born at Wadi Benhali, Chouf. Educ.: Madona University- Michigan (U.S.A.); Saint Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: Masters in Business Administration (U.S.A.), Diploma in the Cultural Management Institution (U.S.J.) & Doctorate in ecumenical theology. Career: Date of Final Religious Vows (1984), Ordained Priest (1990); Director of Notre Dame University-Louaize (NDU) (1999-2002); Professor of the General Cultural at NDU since 1996; Director of the English Section at NDU (2002-05); Appointed President of Notre Dame - Louaize (NDU) (2005-). Addr.: Notre Dame University, Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, P.O.Box 72 (Zouk Mikhael), Tel.: 09-218772, 218950, Lebanon.

MOUSSAWI (Hussein), Ambassador. Born on April 16, 1943 in Nabi Chite - Lebanon. Son of Ali Moussawi (Landlord and ex mayor of Nabi Chite) and Mrs. Najia Mousawi. Married on November 1, 1972 in Beirut to Dalai Moussawi, 3 children: Bouchra (26.08.1974), Sami (16.02.1976), Rami (09.08.1985). Educ.: Amilieh College - Beirut, Lebanese University- Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. in Political & Administrative Sciences. Career: Attache at the MFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) (from 27.06.1972); 1st Secretary & Counsellor at E.O.L. (Embassy of Lebanon)- Abu-Dhabi (1972-77 & 1980-81); Counsellor at E.O.L. - Beijing (1977-80); MFA (1980-83); Counsellor at EOL - London (1983-86); Ambassador of Lebanon - Sofia (1986-90 & 1994-99); Ambassador of Lebanon - Budapest (17.2.2000-). Awards: "Chevalier Madara" - 1991 Republic of Bulgaria; "Stara Planina" - 1999 - Republic of Bulgaria; "Commander's Cross with the Star Order of Merit" - 2004 - Republic of Hungary. Sports: walking & table-tennis. Hobbies: reading - shopping - travelling watching T.V. Credit Cards: Am. Ex., Visa, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Lebanon, 1112 Budapest, Sasadi út 160., Tel.: 361-249-0900, Fax: +361-2490901, E-mail: [email protected], Hungary.

MOUSSALLI (Aida Renée-Jeanne), Nephrologist. Born 9 Dec. 1940 in Aleppo (Syria). Daughter of Soubhi Moussalli (Barrister) and Mrs., née Violette Moussalli. Educ.: Marguerite-Marie School Franciscan Missionaries of Mary; St. Joseph University (French Faculty of Medicine), University of New York (NYU). Dipl.: French and Lebanese Philosophy, M.D., Intern Nephrologist. Career: Specialization in New York (1966-71), M.D. Nephrologist at Hôtel-Dieu de France, in charge of artificial kidney apparatus at Hôtel-Dieu de France since 1972. Awards: American Medical awards. Member: former member of the American Nephrology Society, secretary of the Lebanese Nephrology Association. Hobbies: Chiromancy, astrology. Sports: Swimming and skating. Prof. Addr.: Hôtel-Dieu de France, Tel.: 01615300, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sassine Str., Shucair BIdg., Tel.: 01-331554, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOUZANNAR (Wadad, Bechara), Pianist, concertisi, professor of conservatoire. Born in Beirut. Daughter of Béchara Mouzannar and Mrs., née Rose Maamari. Educ.: St. Family Convent School American University of Beirut, Normal School of Music, Paris. Dipl.: B.A. from AUB, Graduate Normal School of Music of Paris. Career: concertisi, professor of piano at the National Conservatoire of Music of Beirut since 1953, soloist of the orchestra of the said conservatoire, active member Baalbeck International Festival of Music Committee since 1956. Act.: Gave a number of concerts abroad. Pubi.: contributed to "L'Orient" newspaper musical section under the title: "Lettres, Arts et Sciences", "Les Musiciens tels que je les ai connus". Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

MOUSSALLI (Richard, Salim), Company general agent. Born on 18 Apr. 1918 in Cairo (Egypt). Son of Salim Moussalli and Mrs., née Eugénie Lafloufa. Married on 29 Jan. 1950 to Miss Nadine Méreb, 3 children: Rafik, Mounir and Samir. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers (Cairo). Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate). Career: Mixed courts clerk (Cairo 1938-45), manager Messrs. Planta and Co. (Cairo, 1946-52), delegate Messrs. J.R. Geigy, S.A. Basle, Switzerland (Cairo, 1962-63), now Middle East General Agent for Messrs. Staufifer Chemical Company of New York, Middle East and Africa delegate for Institute Biologico Chemical Company of New York, Middle East and Africa delegate for Institute Biologico Cheminoterapico ABC, Turin. Sports: Tennis and horseriding. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Samout Str., al-Enoud

MOUZANNAR (Walid), Jeweller. Born on July 16, 1944 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of George Mouzannar (Jeweller) and Mrs., née Laurence Chaccour. Married in Beirut on Mar. 3, 1973 to Miss Leila Dahdah, 2 children:

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Khaled (27 Sept. 1974), Alia (2 Aug. 1976). Educ.: Collège des Frères du Sacré-Coeur, Université St. Joseph (Faculté de Droit). Dipl: Licence en Droit Libanais et Français, Diplôme en Gemologie de Belgique. Career: Jeweller since 5 generations: Owner of Jewellery at Ashrafieh - Solidere. Member of the Board of "R.D.C.L.", Member of the Grecque Catholique (Conseil Supérieur), Member of the "Société de Bienfaisance Grecque Catholique", Member of the "Académie libanaise de la gastronomie". Sport: Walking. Hobbies: Cooking, First Cook 2001 (among the businessmen). Clubs and Associations: A.T.C.L., Plaza Club, Tower Club, Academic gastronomique. Credit Cards: Visa, Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, G. Tueni Str., Kamel Bldg., Tel.: 01-200756, 03-334366, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

(political sciences) from AUB, attended journalism courses at Michigan University (1952). Career: Journalist, contributed to "Daily Star", lecturer in Journalism (196365) at the Beirut College for Women, now editor "alHayat" weekly. Prof. Addr.: Ras el-Nabeh, Omar Ben Khattab Str., Alabi Bldg., 1st floor, P.O.Box 5264, Tel.: 01633174, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ain el-Tineli, alNassim Bldg., 4th floor, Beirut, Lebanon. MROUEH (Adnan, M.), Former minister, physician. Born in 1936 in Jbaa (Lebanon). Son of Mohamed Mroueh (Landowner) Married in 1968 to Randa Daouk, four children: Rayya, Zeina, Ramzi and Ziad. Educ.: American University of Beirut - B.Sc, M.D. and Residency Training Certificate; Fellowships at UCLA and Yale Universities in reproductive biology and infertility. Career: Instructor, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Assistant Professor, Associate and in 1979 Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at A.U.B. Work: Vice-President for Health Affairs and Dean, Faculty of Medecine, A.U.B. President Lebanon Family Planning Association; Minister of Health, Labor and Social Affairs (Oct. 7, 1982 - Apr. 30, 1984). Member: Sigma Xi, Alpha Omega Alpha. Decor.: King Faisal Medal, Lebanese Merit Medal - Commander. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, P.O.Box 11-0236, Beirut; Clinic: John Kennedy Str., Daouk Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01369161,369779, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tel. 01345435, 371471, Beirut, Lebanon.

MOZAYA (Charnel, General), Member of Parliament. Educ.: Military Academy. Career: Officer (1959); Brigadier General (1988); He was confronted with Armed Trap in Aley in 1976; also he was confronted again in 1979; Finally he went to jail in Mezzeh Prison in Syria for 45 days; Elected Deputy (2005-to date). Awards: Knight, National Order of Cedars; Lebanese Order of Merit (2nd class); Commander, National Order of Cedars; Wound Order; War Order (twice); National Unity Order (5 times). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. MROUE (Jamil), Journalist, Editor in Chief, Publisher. Born in 1950 in Saida, South Lebanon. Son of Kamel Mroue (Journalist) and Mrs. Salma el-BissarMroue. Married to Maha Tassabohji, 3 children: Kenz 1992 (F), Kamel 1993 (M), Kaber 1998 (M). Educ.: 1C 1969, Lebanon. Dipl.: BA - AUB, Beirut 1969-72. Career: (2001-Present): Publisher, Editor-in-Chief, The Daily Star that is published with the International Herald Tribune for the Middle East and North Africa region; The Daily Star Newspaper: Editor in Chief, Publisher (1996Present); al-Hayat newspaper: Editor in Chief, Consultant (1987-92); Lebanese Studies Foundation: Director (198586); The Daily Star newspaper: President/Publisher (198385). Award: Nieman Fellow (Harvard -USA) 19.6.1977. Sports practised: Snow walking, cycling. Hobbies: Wood work, astronomy. Clubs and Associations: IAA (Int. Advert. Associa) - SND (Society News Design). Prof. Addr.: The Daily Star, Gemayzeh, rue de la Sainte Famille, Marine Tower Bldg., 6th floor, P.O.Box 11-978 Beirut, Tel.: 01-587277, Fax: 01-561333, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Hadeth, Baabda Road, Saghbini Bldg., Hazmieh, Tel.: 05-455301, Lebanon.

MROUEH (Ali), Businessman. Born on 9 Mar. 1931. Son of Mohammed Mroueh (Cultivator) and Mariam Mroueh. Married in 1961 to Miss Dalai in Beirut, 3 children: Walid (1962), Rola (1964) and Hana (1968). Educ.: Hawd al-Wilaya; Makassed; Université St. Joseph. Dipl.: Degree in Pharmacy. Career: One Year Internship in Hôtel-Dieu de France (1953); Pharmacy in Bhamdoun (1954); Shareholder in two companies, namely: Mersaco SAL (1960) and Pharmabel SARL (1978); President of Dr. Scholl's (1974), President of Amlevco Trading CO. SAL (1984); Permanent Member of the Pharmacy Colloquium Committee (1974); Vice-president of the Syndicate of the Pharmaceutical Importers (1988). Sports: Swimming. Credit Card: American Express, Diners Club. Prof. Addr.: Mersaco S.A.L., P.O.Box 11-9073, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Zanubia Bldg., Tallet el-Khayat, Tel.: 01-301881, Beirut, Lebanon. MUAKKASSA (Wael, Fuad), Physician. Born in 1950 in Beirut. Son of Fuad Kamel Muakkassa (Physician) and Mrs., née Leila Hemadeh. Married in 1982 in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. to Miss Rima Hemadeh. 2 children: Omar and Nora. Educ.: International College, Beirut; American University of Beirut, School of Arts and Sciences and Medical School. Dipl.: Bacc. Part I and Part II, B.Sc., M.D. Career: Assistant Professor of Surgery

MROUE-MOUNAJJED (Dunia), Journalist. Born in Lebanon. Married to Mr. Salaheddine Mounajjed (Journalist), 3 children. Educ.: American University of Beirut, University of Michigan, USA. Dipl.: B.A.

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(Urology and Renal Transplantation) at A.U.B. Medical Center, Urology and Surgical Residency in U.S.A. (197681), Transplant Fellowship U.S.A. (1981-82), American Board of Urology, Head of Division of Urology and Renal Transplantation at A.U.B. Medical Center, Beirut. Sports: Running, tennis, swimming. Hobby: Music. Member: American Society of Transplant Surgeons, American Urologie Association, A.U.B. Surgical Society of North America. Credit Cards: American Express, MC. Priv. Addr.: Ain Mareiseh Str., Muakkassa, Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 01-363561, Beirut, Lebanon and in U.S.A.

General Secretary of the Commission in Charge of Communal Security Office (Jul, 1998); Head of the "Préfécture de Kanagawa - Quartier Général" ( O c t , 1999); Director General of International Affairs Department NPA ( S e p t , 2001); President of National Police Academy ( A p r , 2002); Ambassador of Japan to Lebanon (2003-). Prof. Addr.: Embassay of Japan, Zokak el-Blatt, Army Str. (near Grand Serail), P.O.Box 11-3360 Riad el-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon. M U R R (Elias, Michel), Lawyer, Minister. Born on Jan. 30, 1962 in Bteghrine, Lebanon. Married to Miss Carine Emile Lahoud, 3 children: Michel (1994), Maria (1997), Emile (2000). Educ.: Leman Institute, Switzerland; Higher Graduate in Law (1982). Career: Lawyer, Practice his Activities through his Offices in Beirut, Paris and Geneva; Presided more than 20 Associations as: Financial, Real Estate, Touristic, Public Works etc... in Lebanon and Abroad; Appointed Minister of the Interior, Municipal and Rural Affairs (2000-2005); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence(2005-to date). Award: Interpoli Honorary Medal (2003). Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Defence, Yarze, Lebanon.

M U K A D D A M (Muhammad, Ahmed), Academic. Born in 1942 in Beirut. Son of Ahmed Mukaddam (merchant) and Mrs., née Fatima Sidani. Married in 1970 in Beirut to Miss Sana Kaissi. 3 children: Zeina, Basil and Mona. Educ.: American University of Beirut, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; University of California, Berkeley, Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics Div. Dipl.: Bachelor of engineering, Major Civil Eng. (with distinction), A.U.B.; M.Sc. in Civil Eng. University of California - Berkeley (1969). Career: Dar al-Handasah Shair & Partners (1970-71); Chairman of Civil Engineering Dept. A.U.B. (1980-86); Associate Dean of Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, A.U.B. (1984-87). Work: Consultant in Structural Engineering and Foundations to several Engineering firms in Beirut and United Arab Emirates. Established in 1987 a Laboratory for Soil Investigation, Dynamic pile Load testing and Material testing in Dubai U.A.E. called: Mohammad Mukaddam Est. for Soil Investigation The Lab got accreditation certificate No. 001 from Dubai Municipality in Nov. 1995. Pubi.: Published several technical papers on behaviour of concrete under high temperatures, developed computer programs for structural analysis and designed several highrise buildings. Sports: Football, table tennis and swimming. Hobbies: Travelling, reading and research. Member: American Concrete Institute, Order of Engineers, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Mukaddam's Residence, 6th floor, California Str., Descente Karacol Hobeiche / Jal el-Bahr, Tel.: 03-224430, 948481, Beirut, Lebanon.

M U R R (Gabriel, el-), Former Deputy, Civil Engineer, MTV's Counsellor. Born on Feb. 26, 1939 at Bteghrine, Lebanon. Son of Elias el-Murr (Contractor) and M r s , née Rose Saliba. Married on Oct. 3,1965 at Bteghrine to Hoda el-Rouss, 4 children: Jihad, Michel, Carol, Carl. Educ.: Notre-Dame de Jamhour, A.U.B. Dipl.: Civil Engineer. Career: Contractor in Africa then in Lebanon; Created several Enterprises as Zaarour (Country Club), Zaarour (Water).., Built Murr Tower, Created MTV -RML Nostalgic - RML 101 - HIT FM; Elected Deputy on June 2, 2002, and withdrew from Partial Elections in Metn, following the decision of the Constitutional Council. Sports: Skiing, swimming, walking. Hobbies: Reading. Clubs: Zaarour - la Collina. Prof. Addr.: M T V , Avenue Fouad Chehab - Fassouh, P.O.Box 166000, Tel.: 01217000, Fax: 01-215215, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: New Naccache, Georges Saade B l d g , 4th floor, Tel.: 04405500,417700, Lebanon.

M U R A K A M I (Tokumitsu), Ambassador of Japan to Lebanon. Born on Dec. 1,1947. Educ.: Diploma in Law from University of Tokyo. Career: Joined the National Police (Jul., 1971); 1st Secretary of the Embassy of Japan in Great Britain & North Irland (Feb., 1983); Director of Public Security Division (Metropolitan Police Department) (Aug., 1986); Director of Police Administration (Préfécture Saitoma-Quartier Général) (Mar., 1988); Head, Department of International Criminal Affairs NPA (Apr., 1989); Head of the "Préfécture de la Police Iwate - Quartier Général" (Jan., 1991); Director of Administration Department, of the Kanagawa Police Quartier Général (Apr., 1993); Director of General Affairs Division of the Imperial House (1995-98); Advisor to the

M U R R (George, Gibrail), University professor. Born in Bteghrine (Metn), Lebanon in 1930. Son of Gibrail Murr (retired contractor) and M r s , née Masouda Jabara Murr. Married to Miss Aida Sukkarieh, 3 children: Sandra, Katya and Karen. Educ.: Shweir Secondary School, Lebanon; American University of Beirut, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A. Dipl.: Teaching Diploma; B . A , M.A. (A.U.B.), Ph.D. (Michigan State University). Career: Teaching at public elementary schools (1950-62); Teaching at university level (1962-72), Educational Administration and Planning (1972-85). Head of Teacher Education Bureau at " C E R D " ; former President, Center for

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Educational Research and Development; Visiting Professor in Education at A.U.B. Decor.: Letters of Recognition from M.S.U. Sports: Swimming, tennis, hunting. Hobbies: Photography, reading, art appreaciation. Member: Phi Delta Kappa Association. Prof. Addr.: Lebanese American University (LAU), P.O.Box 13-5053, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Cedar Bldg., Amine Gemayel Str. Sioufi, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-398340, Beirut, Lebanon.

programming and in computer business since 1984 (Grands Travaux Ets., Dora), 1984-87. * From 1989-93, studied Mathematics and Electronics on his own. * From 1991 till today, working in D.E.S. (Desktop Equipment and Solutions), Furn el-Chebbak. * From 1993 till today, working with American engineers and scientists in the Implementation of mathematical inventions and commercializing them. Contacted many eminent mathematicians (such as Prof. Mikhail Gromov, Dr. Michael F. Bamsley and Dr. Gilbert Strang) and theologians (Fr. Johann G. Roten S.M. in Theology). Topics of interest and domain of actual researches: * In Theology: Recent Mariology, Syriac and Maronite Patriarchs during the Middle Ages, The shrine of Our-Lady of Ilije. * In Mathematics: Group Theory, Fractals and Chaos Theory, Wavelets, Recent Trading and Finance Techniques, Neural Networks and their abilities in forecasting/ pattern recognition, D.S.P. (Digital Signal Processing). Distinctions: First prize in poetry won in a national poetry competition in 1973. In 1978, He won a 4th place prize over 150 in an electronic competion in Linear Integrated Circuits (Texas Instruments France). Invited to give two lectures in the Ninth International colloquium on Numerical Analysis (Plovdiv - Bulgaria, Aug. 2000), about the theory of the multiplex numbers and their application to time series forecasting. Prof. Addr.: Nahr Str., Mar Mikhail, Torbey Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-580901, P.O.Box 116-5275, E-mail: [email protected]. lb, [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

MURR (Hadi, Alfred), Researcher. Son of Alfred and May Murr, eminnent lebanese writers. Born in Jan. 1962, Bteghrine, Lebanon. Academic Degrees: Licence in Theology (1988) and D.E.A. (Diplome d'Etudes Aprofondies) (1998) in Theology at the University of the Holy Spirit, Kaslik (USEK). Actual position: Researcher in Marian Theology, researcher in Mathematics; Member of the American Mathematical Society (since 1993); Member of the Mariological Society of America (since 1998). Publications in Theology: * "Inventions d'Amour", June 1987, Ed. Ishtar, Beirut. Collection of spiritual contemplation (in French). * "La Maternité de Marie et l'Esprit Saint", Thesis (in French) in Marian theology, presented in 1998 at the University of the Holy Spirit, Kaslik. In the press: * "The Portrait of Our-Lady of Ilije", a documentary (in English, French and Arabic) "hors-concours" about the original painting of Our Lady of Ilije and the shrine itself. Presented to the Marian Library of the University of Dayton, Ohio (and actually kept there as a reference, 1999). * "La Chapelle aux Milles Contes, Récits sur Notre-Dame d'Ilije de 1360-1365 a 1400-1405", a collection of short stories about the shrine of Our-Lady of Ilije, (in French). In collaboration with his wife, Madelaine Murr. Ed. Gloires Mariales, Beirut, 2001. * In 2003, delivers speeches and conferences about 'the Rosary prayer, origins, and why and how'. Publications in Electronics and Mathematics: * In 1978, participated in a Competition in Linear Circuits organized by Texas Instruments, France, and submitted a logarithmic amplifier based on a TL series chip. Won the fourth place (4/150). * "The Theory of the Multiplex Numbers Groups", Invention in algebra (group theory) protected in the Conseil National des Ingénieurs et Sientifiques de France, Paris, 1993. * The differential 3-d Mouse. Invention patented in Austin, Texas, and actually, implementing the industrial prototype. In collaboration with Eng. Pierre A. Tourna, industrial engineer, Texas A&M. * Aug. 2001, Invited to deliver a conference in the Xlth international colloquium on Data Analysis and Differential Equations, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. * 2001, Invited to deliver a speach in the IXth international conference about Technosapiens', organized in Nieme-gen, the Netherlands, by the European Society for Studies in Science and Theology (ESSSAT). * In 2003-04, Requested to deliver conferences in lebanese universities about industial mathematics and artificial intelligence. Professional position: * Started to work in

MURR (May), * Lebanese. Born in 1929. University professor, poet, novelist, geographer, historian, lecturer, writer-journalist. * Wife of Alfred Murr (Deceased) (Civil engineer and author). Mother of: Lina, Nada, Kamal, Hadi, Arz. Diplomas: Licence d'Enseignement en Histoire et Géographie from the ALBA ("Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts"); Diplôme d'Edudes Supérieuress de Géographie from the University of Lyons, France. Title of her doctorate thesis: "Géopolitique Libanaise"; She has taught different subjects: mathematics, literature, history, history of art, geography, in many institutions including the Teacher's Training College, College of Social studies, College of Tourist guides, and especially the Lebanese University and the Military School. Her fields of activity are extensive: literature: poetry, novels, epics, short stories, essays...; theology, politics, history, geography... Many prominent thinkers, historians, archeologists, including Said Akl, Charles Malek, Georges Masroua, Jawad Boulos, Paolo Matthiae, Ulises Casab Rueda, Attest that she upset many established concepts in History. Pubi: in Lebanese: Various publications in prose and poetry in the Lebanese press, as well as: * "Elissa": a historical drama in verse, considered by Lebanese and non-Lebanese critics as a summit in this field and "In Elissa May Murr has a vision that civilizes the Universe... She raises poetry to its highest perfection." (Damiano Damiani) Beirut, 1968. *

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"Bxebbaq" (I love You): Love poems (in the neo-lebanese alphabet), Jounieh, St. Paul 1978. These poems of seven "classical verses" are "a love melody of polyvalent beauty": In French: * "Pourquoi les Roses"? Love poems dedicated to her husband (in "classical" and "free" verses). These poems were compared, in Lebanon and in France with the Song of songs. Paris, Grassin, 1967. * "Penchent Leur Tête les Epis": Poems about God, Lebanon, love, nature, war... (in "classical" and "free" verses), Paris, Grassin, 1969. * "Il S'agit d'un Rien d'Amour": A collection of prayers in "free" verses, in which May Murr challenges the so-called "free verse" poetry. Paris, Grassin, 1970. * "Quatrains": Poems in "classical verses", on God, Lebanon, love, childhood, nature... Paris, Grassin-Jounieh, St. Paul. 1971. * "Kamal ou l'Histoire d'un Heros": Poetry and prose, in memory of her heroic son. Beirut, Ishtar, 1987. * "Poésie Trismegiste": Spiritual Poems in "classical verse", "conveying an apostolic thought that embraces the universe." Khalifé Printing Press, Beirut, 1994. In Arabic: "The Most Beautiful Stories of LebanonPhoenicia", Khalifé Printing Press, Beirut 1985-86. * Already published as short stories adapted for children by Dr. Michel Kehdi and illustrated by Lina Murr-Nehmé (daughter of May and Alfred Murr): 1- "The Magic Birdie". 2- "The Time Vessel". 3- "Lebanon and Phoenicia". 4- "Thor and Maya". 5- "The Emerald Temple". 6- "To Tyre, Shall Give Your Name". 7- "The One Who Restored the Empire of the World to the Phoenicians". 8- "Tripoli, I prefer you to myself'. Four other short stories are ready for print: 9- "He meant Us for Love". 10- "Elissa, Founder of the Queen of Our Emporiums". 11- "Sidon Returns from Death". 12"Euclid of Tyre, Organizer of the Mind". * May Murr also published in the press many collections of poems in classical Arabic, grouped, after adding new poems, in four books of poems entitled. * "Lord, When is Resurrection?"; * "My God, I Love You"; * "God-El, Who Loves Lebanon"; * "Lebanon Also Is My Love"; * "A Kiss for You"; and an essay: "Born to Love"; * In collaboration with Alfred Murr: "Christ and Lebanon" in two books: Book I: "Cana of Galilee is in Lebanon"; Book II: "Christ in Lebanon for More than a Year" (more than 1200 pages and more than 3000 references. In the press at the University of the Holy Spirit, Kaslik). Articles, Speeches, Lectures, Radio and Televised Sequences: * May Murr has published in most of the major lebanese newspapers and magazines, in three languages: lebanese, french and arabic, more than 3,000 articles on several subjects: theology, philosophy, politics, literature, arts, geography, social problems, and especially hisoty (some 1000 articles, 500 of which are provided with references). She has focused on the problems of the family, womanhood and childhood. * She has written prefaces for many books and her pen has paid homage to the works of many outstanding authors. * Before the outbreak of the Lebanese-foreigners war in 1975, She gave more than 2000 speeches and

lectures on various subjects in most of the towns and villages of Lebanon and, while she captivated the highly cultured people, she was also able to raise the enthusiasm of the man in the street and even children. Although she rarely accepts invitations to speak abroad, she gave speeches and conferences in France, Tunisia, Canada and the United States. * She broadcast more than 1000 radio and televison sequences on several subjects, especially political cultural and historical, including more than 150 broadcast by "Radio Free Lebanon"; and more than 385 of which on "Radio Mount Lebanon" entitled "The History of Lebanon, Giant of Histories"; and 16 sequences about Christ and Lebanon from MTV (Murr Television), with Father Youssef Mouannes, President of the University of the Holy Spirit, Kaslik, on Easter of 1998 and 1999. * She published in the weekly Lebnaan, of which she was Editor in Chief (1975-82), impassioned political articles, poems, including extracts from her epic poem "Lubnaniyada" (30.000 verses) and historical essays which allowed her to entitle her monumental work on the history of Lebanon (still manuscript). "Lebanon-Phoenicia, Land of God, through its Prehistory and History, Giant of Prehistories and Histories". * About 100 manuscripts in three languages, including textbooks for university classes and literary works including two epopees: "Jesus, Son of El" (15,000 verses) and "Lubnaniyada"; novels, most of which are historical, some of more than 1000 pages, including: "The First Love Letter or Thor and Maya"; "Cadmus, a Great Lover"; "He Meant Us for Love" (the last, written in french and arabic, was translated into English by her husband, Alfred Murr); "Euclid of Tyre, Organizer of the Mind" (in arabic)... Let us mention particularly "He meant us for Love or Hiram, Solomon and the Queen of Sheba" translated to English by A. Murr. Its synopsis (of 80 pages) thrilled eminent cinema producers and scenario writers of Beta Film who declared that "they never read such a beautiful love story." Many other novels and plays including "Marina"; 9 books of poetry including "Like a Song of songs" (translated to English in classical verses by A. Murr, 1999-2000); "Lebanon, Heart of God", an epic poem of 12000 classical verses, commented in prose and substantiated by references (also translated to English by A. Murr - 1999-2000). * About 50 historical, geographical and political works in three languages, in particular: "The Land of the Phoenix Will Resuscitate or A War For Peace, 1982-83". Honorific Titles and Distinctions: * Hundreds of excellent articles were written about her as well as doctorate theses, including those by professor Michel Kehdi entitled: "May Murr, Pioneer Queen of Thought" (about 1000 pages), and by Nabil Badaoui entitled: May Murr and Her Discoveries that Upset the Concepts of History"; essays and poems praising her, including an outstanding poem by George Chaccour; and by the eminent poet and critic George Ghorayeb wrote a book on her collection of poems "Poésie Trismegiste", entitled: "May Murr in Her Thrice Great Poems:" * May Murr has 253

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obtained several prizes, including the Said Akl Prize, 1968, who wrote in an article entitled (1972): "A Woman Invades the Conscience of Lebanon": "May Murr in 'Elissa' has surpassed Shakespeare and imposed herself as the creator of the lebanese drama and a giant among giants... Whole volumes can be written about May Murr's art... She is one of the few authors who can create something new while keeping the strangeness of a unique approach; and in the domain of beauty, she creates wonders." Of May Murr the professor, he wrote: She has created a generation of youths capable of making prodigies." And of her patriotism: "May is an army of angels at the service of Lebanon." And he added quoting the words of a great theologian: "If May Murr did not exist, we should have invented her." * Poems by May Murr (in Lebanese, Arabic and French) were put to music by the International Maestro Father Joseph Waked, the eminent composers Jean Labaki, Mgr. Mansour Labaki, Elias Rahbani and Salim Mohammad Fleifel.... * Many other Lebanese and non Lebanese men of letters have praised her poetry. The eminent author and critic Jean Cayrol wrote to her from Paris: "May Murr, you are filled with poetry to the brim." * Other Prizes: * Le Prix des Gens de Lettres de France (1969). * Le Prix de la Rose des Poètes, Paris (1970). * The Fakhredine Prize awarded by General Aziz Ahdab for her historical discoveries (1974). Grand Prix Europa (1999). * May Murr figures among the world poetesses in the Anthologie de la Poésie Feminine Mondiale and other anthologies and encyclopedias. * She was chosen by the American Biographical Institute, Inc. among the "1000 World Leaders of Influence", and by the "International Biographical Center", Cambridge, England among the "2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 20th Century". * She founded and presided several cultural and social associations, inducing the Academy of Lebanese Thought. She is a member of the Société des Gens de Lettres de France, the Société International Teilhard de Chardin, the Academy of American poets and a "distinguished member" of the International Society of Poets. * Kamal Murr Prize: May Murr created with her family, the monthly Kamal Murr Prize (June 1987- Feb. 1990). It was awarded to "any person who has rendered outstanding services to God and Lebanon." This prize had the honour to be awarded to Lebanese and non Lebanese personalities. It was inaugurated with Dr. Charles Malek, former President of the United Nations General Assembly and holder of 63 honorary doctorate degrees, who considered the Prize as "the highest distinction he has ever received." Among the men of the Church who received the Prize: Papal Nuncio Mgr. Luciano Angeloni, Patriarch-Cardinal Mar Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Patriarch Raphael Bidawid, and Father Youssef Mouanness, President of the University of the Holy Spirit, Kaslik; politicians: President General Michel Aoun, Dr. Mohammed Mughrabi, Mr. and Mrs. Jean-Francois Deniau; ambassadors: Paul Blanc of France, John Gray of the UK, Fouad Turk, Emir Farouk Abillama and Farid Samaha of Lebanon; generals: Aziz Ahdab and Fouad Aoun;

and poets and musicians: Mansour Rahbani... * May Murr is regarded by many Lebanese authors as the First historian and the First woman of letters. * She is the President of the Academy of Lebanese Thought. Addr.: May Murr, Adib Ishak Str., Lebanese Monks Bldg, P.O.Box 116-5275 Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-201593, 321971, Fax: +961-1-284778, Beirut, Lebanon. MURR (Michel),Deputy Engineer, former Deputy Prime Minister. Born in 1931 at Bteghrine. Married to Sylvie Aboujaoude, 3 children: Elias, Mima and Lina. Educ.: secondary and higher, St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: B.Sc. Engineering. Career: Engineer contractor, elected deputy for Matn (1968), P.T.T. Minister (Jan. -Apr. 1969), Member of the Council of Planning and Reconstruction (1977); Minister of P.T.T., Cooperatives and Construction (17 July 1979 and in 1980 - Sept. 1982); deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence (Dec. 24, 1990 - May 1992); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence (May 1992 - Oct. 1992); Deputy Prime Minister (Oct. 1992 - May 1995); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior (May 1995 - Dec. 1998), Reappointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior and Minister Municipal and Rural Affairs (1998-2001); Appointed member of the Lebanese Parliament (June 1991). elected deputy for Matn (1992-to date). Prof. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Sursock street, Zoghzoghi Bldg, Tel.: 01-321421, Beirut, Lebanon. MURR NEHME (Lina), Born in 1955. Lebanese. Daughter of Alfred and May Murr. Historian, painter, novelist, and professor of History of Art and Architecture at the Lebanese University. Married to Raoul Nehmé, Ecole Polytechnique de Paris & Ecole des Mines de Paris. Mother of two children, Michel and Elisabeth. Books: "Comme un Torrent qui Gronde" (1987, novel); "Baalbeck Monument Phénicien" (1997, document proving that the monuments of Baalbek can only be Phoenician); "La Renaissance en Question", a series of two books showing how some historical, psychological and artistic indications usually neglected can provide a far different view: 1- Des Origines à Léonard de Vinci (1998); 2- De Michel-Ange à nos jours: le Retour des Idoles (2000). After 12 years of Bible research, she is writing Prophéties de la Bible pour le Liban Moderne, a series of Bible studies published simultaneously in French and Arabic. The first, Habacuc and Obadiah (2000) is approved by Father Georges Rahmé. The second (in process) will study Bible texts about the Cedar. She is also preparing Barbara de Baalbek, Patronne des Bâtisseurs. Lina Murr Nehme is also a painter, who won a degree from the Ecole Nationale Supérieures des Beaux-Arts de Paris, 1982. She made her first exhibition at Halate (Lebanon, 1984), and then, exhibited many times in Lebanon, France and the United States. She currently lives in Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: 01-334660.

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volumes, 1980-86), "Le Larousse des Littératures" (2 volumes, 1985), "Dictionnaire de la Francophonie" (1986), "Dictionnaire des littératures françaises et francophones" (3 volumes, 1987), "L'année francophone internationale" (since 1992). He wrote a preface to several books, including: "Tabi' fil jasad al-qadim" of Qaysar Ghusub (1977), "al-Tazwir jarimat al-'asr" of Ja'far Muchaymich (1984), "Paroles" of Jubran Khalil Jubran (illustrated, 1998), "Qawafin 'ala iqa' alChadhaya" ofAhmad Mansur (2003). Remark: published two books and several articles with two pseudonyms (Alain Nimier & Ghassan Abu Richa): "Les Alawites" (1987); "Nos ancêtres les bougnoules" (1988); Author of a compilation of poems, in french, song by Valdarno (Georges Chalfoun) and published in a C. Derom under the title of "Un balcon sur la Mer" (Paris, 2001), with an english version. Works: contributed to several academic seminars and international meetings in France and Canada; author of numerous papers and conferences published in lebanese, Syrian, french, Canadian, australian and american periodicals. Member of several cultural associations, including: Association des écrivains de langue française, Adelf (Paris), Sherbrooke University Association (Canada), Association féminine France-Orient (Paris), Rassemblement franco-libanais pour la francophonie (Paris), Association des universitaires libanais diplômés des universités françaises (Paris). Dist.: Laureate of the French-Mediterranean Association (1980), Laureate of Association féminine France-Orient (1978). Member of the Jury of "Prix France-Liban" (Paris, since 1986) and of the Jury of the "Forum Culturel Libanais" (Paris, since 1994). Notice: Miss Baligha Daou wrote a M.A. thesis on him: "Abdallah Naaman: l'homme et Foeuvre" (Master of arts, University of La Sorbonne, Paris, 1987); listed in numerous dictionaries including "Dictionnaire Universel de la Francophonie" (Hachette, Paris, 2000) ; "Dictionnaire de la littérature libanaise de langue française"de Ramy Zein (Paris, 1999). Sports: Walking and swimming. Hobbies: Reading and music. Prof. Addr.: Lebanese Embassy, 3 Villa Copernic, 75116 Paris, (France), Tel.: +33-01-40671842, Fax: +33-0140671642. Priv. Addr.: 15, rue du General Cordonnier, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, (France), Tel./Fax: +33-0147220607, E-mail: [email protected]. Lebanese Addr.: P.O.BOX 567, Jounieh, Tel.: +961-9-930439, Fax: +961-9935096, Lebanon.

Ν NAAMAN (Abdallah, Mitri), Writer, Academic, Diplomat. Born on Dec. 27, 1947, in Beirut (Lebanon). Son of Mitri Naaman (1912-94, Poet, Writer, Publisher) and Mrs., née Angelique Bacha (1925-2000). Married on Apr. 22, 1983, in Paris, to Miss Hana Samadi (Lawyer), one daughter: Rouba (Paris, June 20, 1984), Biologist. Educ.: Lebanese University of Beirut (1967-69), Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (1967-69), University of Nancy, France (1969-75). Dipl.: Diploma in Psychology (1968), Diploma in arabic philosophy (1969), Bachelor of arts in literature (1970), Master of arts in linguistics (1971), Ph.D. in french literature from the University of Nancy (1975). Career: Joined "Publitec Publications" in Beirut as Secretary (1966-69) then as Director-Editor (1972-74), Assistant of arabic literature and civilization, University of Nancy (1969-72), Professor of arabic literature at the Lycée de La Tour, Nancy (1971-72), Professor of french literature at La Sagesse College, Beirut (1972-74), Joined the Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1973), Cultural Attaché at the Lebanese Embassy in Paris (since Feb. 1974), Lebanese delegate to several international organizations, including Unesco, Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique and Institut du Monde Arabe. Pubi.: Author of over 20 books, including: "Le Bal du Comte d'Orgel" (1971), "Nârimân wal kinz" (1971), "Printemps Perdu" (1973), "Le Français au Liban: essai sociolinguistique" (1979), "Baqâyâ Watan" (1979), "La mort et Camus" (1980), "Umm 'isa" (1980), "Les Levantins: une race" (1984), "La Guerre Libanaise, 197585: index bibliographique" (1985), "Al-ittijahat al'almaniyya fil 'alam al 'arabi" (1990), "Histoire des Orientaux de France du 1er aux XXeme siècle" (2003). Translated into arabic: "Le Silence de la Mer" of Vercors (1968), "L'histoire de la Presse" of Francois Terrou & Pierre Albert (1972), "La Musique arabe" de Simon Jargi(1972), "Démocratie Française" of French President Valéry Giscard D'Estaing (1977). Contributed to: "L'homme du XXe siècle et son esprit" (6 volumes, 1971), "Grand dictionnaire encyclopédique Larousse" (10

NAAMAN (Issam, Hussein), Lawyer, politician, columnist and former Member of Parliament and Minister. Born in 1942 in Sidon (South Lebanon). Son of Hussein Naaman (merchant) and Mrs., née Ratiba Hassan. Married in 1963 in Beirut to Miss Aida Maruf Salman (Professor at LAU); 3 children: Hala (Architect), Dima (Producer) and Layla (graphic designer) Educ.: American University of Beirut, Lebanese University, Colombia Pacific University - San Rafael, California, USA. Dipl.: 255

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B.A., in Public Administration; M.A. in Political Science; Licencíate in Law; Ph.D. in Public Law and Political Science. Career: Atorney-at-Law (since 1963); Lecturer at Faculty of Information, Lebanese University (1978-88). Work: participant in Several Academic Seminars in Universities of Oxford, UK and Maryland,U.S.A.;Elected Member of Parliament (1992-96); Appointed Minister of Telecommunications (1998-2000). Pubi: Author of several books and political articles. Main books: " A N e w vision of the Arab Cause" (1974); "Whither Lebanon?" (1979); "What kind of Democracy?" (1984); "Arabs Oil and the World"(1990); Arabs At Crossroads"(2001); Do the Arabs change?"(2003). Member: (Leadership) of Lebanese National Movement (1975-82), of Reform Committees of Lebanese System (1984-85), of the "Third Force Movement"(2005-...), of Lawyers Syndicate. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Reading and music. Credit Card: Visa. Prof. Addr.: Saroulla Bldg., Hamra Str., 4th floor, P.O.Box 113-7192, Tel.: 01-340260, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Qaalat (Labban) Bldg., Khalid Chehab Str., Tel.: 01865578,Fax:01-340150,E-mail: [email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

President of "Ahmad Oueidat Award for the best literary arabic book in the Arab World" Committee since 2000.Obtained the International Peace Prize by the United Cultural Convention of the U.S.A.(2004). Prof. Addr.: Lebanese University, al-Fanar, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Sarba, Jounieh, P.O.Box 738, Tel/Fax: +961-9-910525, Cell.: 961-3-423542, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. NAAMAN (Nabil, Mitri), Cardiologist, Editor. Born on June 29, 1951 in Beirut. Son of Mitri Naaman (poet, writer, former editor) and Mrs., née Angélique Bacha. Married on Jan. 2, 1980 to Miss Régine Arnould (deceased), 3 children: Angélique, Dimitri and Nicolas. Educ.: Universities of Nancy (1969-76) and Paris (197680). Dipl.: M.D. (1976), specialization in Cardiology (1980), in preventive medicine (1978) and in aeronautic medicine (1980). Career: Cardiologist in Metz (France) since 1981; Medical journalist in "al-Mustaqbal" weekly, Paris (1976-79). Pubi.: Author of a medical study on the "Lebanese War" (1980), also author of "Tajannab al-Zabha al-qalbiyya" (1981). Member of many medical associations (France). Participated to numerous medical and scientific meetings all over the World President of ADNM (frenchspeaker Association) and Chief editor of Medicophonie (Medical magazine for Cardiologist). Hobbies: Swimming, classical music. Prof. Addr.: 4, Place Saint Nicolas, 57000 Metz (France), Tel.: +0387754144, Fax: 03-87761375, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: 15, rue Bamberger 57000 Metz, Tel.: +03-87667473, France.

NAAMAN (Jihad, Mitri), Academic, Writer. Born on Apr. 19, 1949 in Harissa. Son of Mitri Naaman (poet, writer, former editor) and Mrs., bom Angélique Bacha. Married on Aug. 10, 1980 to Miss Marie Salem elKhoury, one son, Jade. Educ.: Lebanese Universities, University of Nancy (France). Dipl.: Diploma in European studies (Ph.D.), B.A. and M.A. in Modem French Literature and Social Studies, Ph.D. in Philosophy (1975). Career: Assistant of translation and arabic Literature, University of Nancy (1972-75) then (1990-91); Professor of Comparative Philosophy (East/West), Theology and Translation in several Lebanese Universities (since 1975); Represented Lebanon at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France in 1976; Guest of French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1990) for cultural matters; Guest of the British FCO (1994) for human rights, peace and Cultural matters etc. Pubi.: Author of many publications, "alMalaychiyya" (1979); "Le freudisme de Marcuse" (1972); "le Problème de la connaissance d'après Ibn Khaldoun" (1975); "Introduction au théâtre politique libanais Contemporain" (1980); "Ibn Khaldoun and Psychology" (in arabic) (1982); "Introduction aux Philosophies de L'Extrême-Orient"; "La Mort de Dieu et la Mort de l'Homme" (1980); (C'est le même ouvrage avec 2 litres); "al-Mizan" (1983); "Fikar wa M a w a q i f ' (1985); "Madkhal ila 'ilm al-Akhlaq" (1986); "Filamara alfalsafiyya" (1990); "Huquq al-insan filalam al-Arabi" (1992) "Short Stories" (in arabic) (1996); "Bayna-1mâddâ" warruh" (2003); "Al-Ikhfaq"(2005); Translated or supervised the translation of many books into arabic; Founder and member of several Cultural, environmental and humanitarian Associations; Author of several articles and research since 1965. Hobby: Reading. Reward:

NAAMAN (Naji, Mitri), Lebanese Poet, Writer and Publisher. Born on May 19, 1954, Harissa, Lebanon. Son of Mitri NAAMAN (Poet and Writer) and Mrs. née Angélique BACHA. Married on July 19, 1981 to Fadia Tawfiq Al-HAWA, one daughter: Hanane; 2 sons: Marwan and Rayyan. Diplomas include: Auditing and Accounting Degree, Centre Supérieur d'Etudes Commerciales (CEC Centre Belge), Beirut, Lebanon (1977); LLB, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon (1979); Master in Law (equivalence), University of Nantes, France (1979); Master in Politicai Science (equivalence), La Sorbonne University, Paris, France (1979); Β.Sc., Commercial Sciences, Holy Spirit University, USEK, Kaslik, Lebanon (1979); BA, History, Holy Spirit University, USEK, Kaslik, Lebanon (1979); Diplome d'Etudes Approfondies en Histoire, DEA, University of Nantes, France (1980). Career: Formerly, Journalist; joined Al-Jumhur magazine (1970-74); Executive, joined the Jordan National Bank (1973-74); Teacher, Ecole Professionnelle Pauliste, Jounieh, Lebanon (1974-77); Director of Al-Manshuratul 'Arabiyya (Les Editions Arabes), Beirut - Lyon (1978-79); Professor of Economics and Management, Al-Markaziyya College, Jounieh (1978-79) and Center International des Sciences Techniques (CIT), Dora (1980-85); at present

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(2006): Publisher, Founding Member, Dar Na'man lith Thaqafa (Maison Naaman pour la Culture), publishing house (1979; Owner of the Said publishing house (since 1983); Founder of Markaz at- Tarbiya at-Tiqaniyya, technical center (1987); Founder owner of Galerie d'Art Naaman, art gallery (1987); Founder, owner of Naaman Translation Bureau (since 1991); Founder, owner of NBC - Naaman Biographical Centre (since 1997); Professor of Higher Arabic, Saint Paul Institute of Philosophy and Theology (since 2005). Memberships: Founder, Al Harakatul Insaniyya (The Humanitarian Movement) (1971), and Wahdatul Insanii 'Alamiyya (The Universal Unity of Man) (1976); Founding Member, Al-Yunbu', Charity association (1991); Member, Lebanese Publishers Association (since 1979). Pubi.: Editor of Siyassa was Strategia (Politics and Strategy) (since 1981); The Arab World (since 1985); As-Sahafa wal l'lam (Press and information) (1987); Mawsu'atul 'Alamil 'Arabiyyil Mu'assir (Encyclopedia of Contemporary Arab World) (since 1983), Sole Author of its following titles: Informative and Biographical Directory of the Arab World (1985 and 1990); Arab Press Directory (1988); One Hundred Arab Figures in a Century (1993); The Arab World at the Threshold of the 21st Century (1993); One Hundred Arab Events in a Century (1996); The Independence of the Arab World (1996); and Principal Author of: Ethnic and Confessional Groups of the Arab World (1990); Also Editor of 2000 Prominent Arabs of the 20th Century (1999); World of Arabs (periodical biographical work (since 2000); Mawsu'atul Waqa'i'il 'Arabiyya (Encyclpedia of Arab Events), In five volumes (since 2001); publications also include: Organisation Administrative et Comptable de l'imprimerie (1976); AlManshurul Insaniy (The Humanitarian Manifest) (1976); Khams wa 'Ishrun, poetry (1979); Anti wal Watan, poetry (1980); L'Expansion Phénico-Punique en Méditerranée Occidentale (1980); courses in Economics and Management: Dirassatun wa Muntakhabatun fi 'Ilmil Iktissad (1982); Mabade' fil Iktissadil 'Am, and Mabade' fil Iktissadid Dawli (1985); Ignace Maloyan, l'Homme, le Martyr et le Bienheureux (in French and Arabie, translated into Armenian) (2001); articles in media, especially AnNahar, Nida'ul Watan, Al-Anwar and Ad-Diyar Lebanese newspapers, and Adh-Dhadh magazine, Aleppo, Syria. Established in 1991 a free literary series of books entitled Ath Thaqafa bil Majjan min Dar Na'man lith Thaqafa, and wrote and published in the said series: Ar-Rasa'il (Letters) (1995 and 1996); Al-Mun'atiq (The Emancipated) (1997); Al-Mundamij (The Integrated) (1999); Az-Ziqra (The Remembrance) (1999); AdabiyyatuI Alfith Thani (Writings of the Second Millenium) (1999); Al-Halim (The Dreamer) (2001); Al-Alifya' (The Alpha-Omega) (2002); Al-Mussalim (The Pacifist) (2005); Established in 2002 a series of annuel literary prizes (Naji Naaman's Literary Prizes). Has translated from French to Arabic: Les Euro-Dollars, by Gérard Békerman (1978); Les Crises

et Récessions Economiques, by Maurice Flamant and Jeanne Singer-Kerel (1979); Le Football, by Joseph Mercier (1979); La Franc-Maçonnerie, by Paul Noudon (1980); Le Proche-Orient Arabe, by Jean-Pierre 'Alem (pseudonym of Callot) (1981); Lettre à un Ami Juif, by Ibrahim Souss (manuscript); Mardine, la Ville Héroïque, by Frère Hyacinthe Simon (1991); Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, Lisbon, Portugal (1999); L'Evangile selon Jean la Métaphore, by Dumitru M. Ion (2003). Has been translated to French: Morceaux Choisis, by Nabil Naaman (2002); to Rumanian: Emancipatul, by Dumitru M. Ion and Andreea Anca Lazarescu (2002); Poeme Alese, by Dumitru M. Ion (2003; and to 13 different languages: An-Najiyyat (selected poems and writings in 14 versions: Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Créole, English, French, German, Italian, Macedonian, Persian, Rumanian, Spanish, Serbian and Swedish) ( January 2006). Has supervised and corrected several works. Honor: International Grand Prize for Poetry, The International Academy Orient-Occident, Rumania (2002). Hobbies: Painting; music; watching sports. Prof. Addr.: Maison Naaman pour la Culture, P.O.Box 567, Jounieh. Tel. / Fax: 00961-9-935096. Web site in: www.biblib.com, E-mail: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: New Shaylé, Kisrwan. Tel.: 9-235069, Republic of Lebanon. N A A M A N (Najla, Hussein), Gynaecologist and obstetrician. Born in 1921 at Sidon (Lebanon). Daughter of Hussein Naaman (merchant) and Mrs., née Salha Hassan. Educ.: Sidon Girl's School, Beirut College for Women, American University of Beirut, Harvard College, Boston. Dipl.: B.Sc. - M.D., specialized in gynaecology and obstetrics, research fellow in reproductive physiology, Worcester Foundation, research fellow in obstetrics and gynaecology, Harvard College. Career: M.D., gynaecologist and obstetrician, clinic for the treatment of female sterility and endocrinology. Member: American Fertility Association (USA), Alumni Club, Lebanese Medical Association, Endocrinology Association, etc. Prof. Addr.: 33, Abdul Aziz Str., Ras Beirut, Anis Daouk Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-341915, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Hamra, Place Wardieh, Ali Allaf Bldg., Tel.: 01-738575, Beirut, Lebanon. N A A M A N (Paul, Assaad), Cleric. Born on 12 May 1932 in Chartoune, Lebanon. Son of Assaad Naaman (civil servant) and Mrs., née Lamia Abi Nahed. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Gregorian University of Rome, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. Dipl.: Bachelor (theology), Doctorate (history). Career: ordained to the priesthood in the Order of the Lebanese Monks (1957), lecturer in ecclesiastical history at Kaslik Holy Spirit University since 1966, Dean of Faculty of Letters and director of the History Institute of Holy Spirit University since 1970; General Superior of the Maronite Order (198088). Pubi.: Author of "Théodoret de Cyr et le Monastère

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NAAMAN de Saint Maroun", "The Maronite and Lebanon". Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Holy Spirit University, Tel.: 09-640664/65, Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon. NAAMAN (Roger, Elie), M.D. - hematologist. Born in 1941 at Damascus. Son of Elie Naaman (M.D.) Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Paris and Montreal hospitals. Dipl.: M.D. (1965), specialization in hematology (1966-70). Career: M.D. - hematologist at Rizk Hospital of Beirut, clinic since 1971. Prof. Addr.: Hôtel-Dieu de France, P.O.Box 166830, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Museum Square, Sabbagh Bldg., Tel.: 01395065, 384270, Beirut, Lebanon. NAAMANI (Bassam), Chief of Arab Section Directorate of Political Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Born in Cairo on July 27,1953. Son of Dr. Abdel Kader Naamani (Dec.), Dean of American University in Cairo (AUC) and Mrs. Houda Naamani. Educ.: Victoria College, International College, American University of Beirut, Columbia University. Dipl.: 1971 Bacc. II (Math.), 1974 B.A. (Political Sciences), 1976 M.A. (International Affairs), 1977 (Certificate Middle East Studies), 1982 Ph.D. (Political Sciences). Career: (198083): Lecturer in Political Science at Lebanese University (Sidon), B.U.C., and A.U.B.; (1980): Joined Foreign Service; (1983): Embassy Secretary, Embassy of Lebanon, Tunis; (1983-91) Embassy Secretary and Consul, Embassy of Lebanon, Washington, D.C; (1991-93): Assistant Chief of Cabinet to Minister of Foreign Affairs; (1993-99): Counsellor, Embassy of Lebanon, London; (July 1999Feb. 2000): Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Pakistan; (Apr. 2000-Sept. 2003): Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; (Oct. 2003-to date): Chief of Arab Section. Sports: Jogging, tennis, swimming. Hobbies: Reading, writing, painting, model building. Credit Cards: American Express, Visa. Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ashrafieh, Beirut, Tel.: 01333100, 320754. Priv. Addr.: Ras al-Nabeh, Abdul Hafiz Chaar Str., Arabajian Bldg., Tel.: 01-640082, Beirut, Lebanon. NABTI (Farid, G. Dr.), Dean, Faculty of Business & Management - University of Balamand. Born on Mar. 29. 1945, Lebanon (Bechmezzine). Son of George Nabti and Mrs., née Theodora Najjar. Married in Lebanon on Sept. 15,1984 to Wafa Zakhem, three children: Marwan (Sept. 5, 1985), Sarmad (Aug. 13, 1987) and Wael (Oct. 1,1991). Educ.: Bechmezzine High School (Bacc. Part I), International College (1C) Bacc. Part II, A.U.B., University of Oregon (B.A Political Sciences & B.Sc. Economics), Stanford University California (Ph.D. and M.S Economics). Career: Economist - Stanford University (1978-80); Energy Economist - Stanford Research Institute, Menio Park, Ca (1974-80); Director,

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Human Resources, Abela Group of Companies, London & Dubai (1980-92); General Manager, Marketing Director, Bahrain (1992-97); Dean, Faculty of Business & Management, University of Balamand (1998-present). Sport: Swimming, skiing, camping. Hobbies: Fishing, camping. Associations: American Management Association. Prof. Addr.: University of Balamand, P.O.Box: 100 (Tripoli), Tel.: 03-335-683, 06-400740/1/3, Tripoli, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Tel.: 03-329442, 384258, 06-950442, Lebanon. NACCACHE (Charles, Bechara), M.D. Born in 1919 at Heliopolis (Egypt). Son of Béchara Naccache (businessman) and Mrs., née Elise Béchara. Married in 1949 to Miss Laurice Bocti, 5 children: Nicole, Henri, André, Martine and Pierre. Educ.: Jesuit College, Cairo, French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut. Dipl.: M.D. Career: interne Hôtel-Dieu de France hospital in Beirut, former interne Ismailia hospital (Egypt), former M.D. French Hospital Cairo, at Transfusion Centre of Geneva Cantonnai hospital chief of work and adviser of theses, laboratory chief Sacred-Heart hospital of Beirut, codirector Transfusion Centre of Lebanese Red Cross. Pubi.: author of articles on thalassemy. Hobby: Reading. Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon and Lyon, France. NACCACHE (Habib, Béchara), M.D. Born on 22 July 1917 in Alexandria (Egypt). Son of Béchara Naccache and Mrs., née Elise Thomas Béchara. Married on 6 July 1947 at Haifa to Miss Aida Sanbar, 5 children: May, Micheline, Lisette, Monique and Béchara. Educ.: Jesuits College, Cairo, Egypt; St Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: M.D. Career: former hospital interne, former chief of clinic, foreign assistant (O.R.L.) of Paris hospitals, specialist O.R.L. Prof. Addr.: Rizk Hospital, Zahar Str., Achrafiyeh P.O.Box 11-3288, Tel.: 01-331704, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Zahar Str., Ashrafieh, Stramotas Bldg., Tel.: 01-322517, Beirut, Lebanon. NADER (Antoine, Georges), Dental surgeon. Born in 1933 at Aley (Lebanon). Son of Georges Nader (dentist) and Mrs., née Hélène Méhawchar. Married in 1965 to Miss Aida Mounayer, 1 child: Nadim. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: M.D. dental surgeon, specialization in dental ceramics. Career: Dental surgeon, studied under Dr. Raymond Leibowitch (France 1959-69), at Bonn University under Prof. Herman (1961-62), worked with Prof. Rouot, France (1962), clinic in Beirut since 1962. Member: Beirut Club. Sport: Physical culture. Prof. Addr.: Hamra Str., Saroulla Cinema Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-351195, 03-287250, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Makdissi Str., Rebeiz Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. NADER (Saba, Eugène), Insurer. Born in 1933 in Beirut. Son of Eugène Nader and Mrs., née Alice Salem. Married in Beirut on 26 Dec. 1957 to Miss Annc-Marie

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Chader, 3 children: Aline (married with Mr. Farah Farah), Eugène and Sabine. Educ.: Notre-Dame de Jamhour, St. Joseph University in Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. Career: Insurance broker since 1953, Chairman of "Bankers Assurance S.A.L.", Co-Proprietor and General Manager of "Nasco, Karaoglan & Co. Ltd.". Hobby: Yachting. Sports: Footing and swimming. Member: of ATCL, Aero Club. Prof. Addr.: Riad el-Solh Square, Esseily Bldg., P.O.Box 11-4293, Tel.: 01-988111, 988333, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Cornet Chehwan, Tel.: 04-921010, Lebanon.

Committee of the Lebanese Association of Experts in Tourism and Hotel Management"; "The Tourism Committee in the International Chamber of Commerce"; "The Tourism Committee in the Syrian - Lebanese Businessmen Council"; Higher Tourism Study Center Old Boys Association; Lebanese Olympic Committee; President Lebanese Water Ski Federation; Vice-president and Official Judge, Lebanese Yachting Federation; Vicepresident, Lebanese Swimming Federation; President and Official Judge, Water Polo National Committee; Vicepresident, Skal Club of Beirut; Lebanese Association of Public Relations; President of the Lebanese Association of Beach Resorts.Sports: Has represented Lebanon in International competitions, as well as European and World Championships in Water Skiing (former international champion), Yachting, Snow Skiing, Car Racing; Horseriding and Parachuting.Prof. Addr.: Nader Bldg., P.O.Box 11-002, Kennedy Str., Ain el-Mreissé, 1st floor, Beirut. Tel.: 01-360655, 372478, Priv. Addr.: same address, Tel.: 01-372483, Mobile: 03-643643, Beirut.

NADER (Serge, Michel), Tourism consultant. Born on 20 Apr. 1942 in Beirut. Son of Michel Nader and Mrs., née Olga Skaff. Married on 2 Sept. 1991 to NaylaNassim Kamar. Educ.: Jesuits College, Saint Paul Institution, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Collège Européen des Sciences Sociales et Economiques (Paris). Dipl.: Hotel Management Training Program; Β.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration), A.U.B.; Graduated, "Centre d'Etudes Supérieures du Tourisme" la Sorbonne Paris; Public Relations Certifícate, C.E.S.S.E. - Paris. Career: Tourist Projects Consultant in Lebanon and abroad.; Tourism Expert with the United Nations; Owner and Managing Director of "EVENTS" (Sponsoring and promotion) for the organization of promotional events and tourist festivals; Manager Saint Georges Yacht Motor Club, Promoted parachuting in Lebanon, rallye ski, Moto Jumping and the "Golden Cedar Award"; Founded the first yachting school in the Middle East: Dunhill International Yachting School; Correspondent to tourism magazines; Advisor of the Minister of Tourism; Advisor, "Federation of Lebanese Tourism Associations"; Tourist expert on the panel of Law Courts; Founder, Director and Consultant of "Jabalna S.A.L". Lecturer and visiting professor in: La Sorbonne (Paris), Glion (Switzerland), Luxemburg, Düsseldorf (Germany), Damascus (Syria), Horeca and American University (Beirut). Organizer of: Water ski shows and competitions in Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Spain, Greece, and Egypt; Speed boat racing; Water polo tournaments; Yachting World Championships - Fireball; International snow ski competitions; Hill Climb car races; Backgammon tournaments. Pubi.: "Touristic Development of the Litani Lake"; "L'équipement culturel dans les stations touristiques" (in French and Arabie), "Atouts et Lacunes du Tourisme Libanais" ; "Reda Saïd Congress Center"; Author of tourist studies for official authorities among others: " The Proposed Tourist Policy in Lebanon" for the Prime Minister, "Development of Tourism in Syria " for the President of the Republic, and "Development of Tourism in Al-Ain" for Al-Ain Municipality, in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates).Award: Officer, Order of Merit (for services rendered to Sport and Tourism); "The International Academy of Tourism" Award (1966). Member: "World academy of Beaches and Baths"; "The Cultural Council of the city of Beirut"; "The Executive

NADIM (Marcelle), Editor in Chief (Revue Prestige). Born in Beirut in 1953. Daughter of Philippe Hitti (Pioneer in Advertising Agencies) and Mrs. Violette Bechara Hitti. Married to Engineer Michel Nadim, 3 children: Simon, Maria, Patrick. Educ.: Economics Université St. Joseph (U.S.J.). Dipl.: B.S. in Economics, Masters Degree in Economics. Career: Owner and Editorin-Chief of "Prestige. Le monde des Célébrités" created in 1993; Owner and Editor in Chief of "Prestige International" Created in 1997. Sports: Swimming, ski de fond. Hobby: Music. Prof. Addr.: Furn el-Chebback, Baabda 1011-2010, P.O.Box 50055, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ain Saade, Tel.: 04-872601, Lebanon. NAFFAH (Fouad, Georges), Lawyer, former minister, former deputy. Born on 1 Mar. 1925 at Zouk Mikhael (Lebanon). Son of Georges Naffah. Married in Montevideo on 15 Mar. 1954 to Miss Zbaideh Sfeir (writer), 4 children: Georges, Farid, Linda and Karim. Educ.: Marist Brothers College of Jounieh, Aintoura College, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (1946). Career: Lawyer, elected deputy for Kesrouan (1960 and 1972-92), lecturer in constitutional law and Lebanese Constitution at the al-Hikma Law Institute and the Lebanese University, Minister of Agriculture (Mar. 1972), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1973-74). Award: Grand cross, Honour and Merit Order of Haiti (1972) and several others. Priv. Addr.: Raouché, Ain Tineh, rue Principale, near Berri Palace, Rue No. 62, Salha Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-868362, 867386, Beirut, Lebanon. NAFFAH (Joseph, Amine), Former Diplomat. Born in Beit Chabab, Lebanon. Son of Amine N a f f a h (Industrialist) and Mrs. Takia Naffah. Widower of Mrs. Georgette Kamel Naffah, 2 children: Joseph Jr. and

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Georges. Educ.: St. Joseph University. Dipl.: BA in Law and Diploma in Administrative and International Law. Career: Entered Lebanese Foreign Service (1944); served in Jordan (1946-49), in Washington, USA (1950-51); in Mexico (1951-56); in Argentina and Brazil Rio de Janeiro 1961-64), Consul General Sao Paulo (1964-70); promoted Ambassador in 1968; Ambassador to Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua and Panama (1972-78); Ambassador to Japan, Philippines and South Korea (1978-83); Currently President and Chairman of Cadmus Foundation (Vienna, Virginia, USA). Pubi: Author, Project for Unification of the Alphabet in International Relations, adopted by Latin American Conference for Advancement of Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil 1968) and by Government of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Work: founder of Brazil-Lebanon Cultural Association; founder of "Lebanese House" (Casa do Libano) in Sao Paulo in where the Consulate General of Lebanon is located, Chamber of Commerce Brazil-Lebanon and "Brazil-Lebanon Cultural Association"; organizer and president of the Committee for the Construction of the First Monument for the Educator, erected in Mexico (1975); at his request the Mexican Government named: "The Garden of the Republic of Lebanon" (area 78,000 square meters) Avenida de La Reforma, Mexico City and the Gibran Khalil Gibran Square in Mexico City in front of the Lebanese Club (1976); Organized with the Lebanese Club in Mexico City the award (20,000 dollars) for the "Epopea of the Emigration". Organizer and Honorary President of the committee to construct a Monument to Fakhr-el-Din (National Hero) in Beirut (inaugurated by the President of the Republic of Lebanon in 1981); Founder of Cadmus Foundation (1986) which purpose is to create monuments for the universal Teacher in all world capitals because education is the unique remedy for all problems of humanity since the best works of teachers and philosophers in all history from Socrates and Zeno of Citium (father of Stoicism) until today of human rights for which the foundation will assist in writing books on "human rights in all religions" and will award scholarships to those teaching human rights in countries lacking such rights or in countries where human rights exist but are not practised. Awards: Knight, National Order of Cedar; Commender, "Order de Mayo" (Argentina); First Class, "Aguila Asteca" (Mexico); Commdr., Equestrian Order of St. Sepulchre of Jerusalem; Insigna of Merit, Lebanese world Union (Bogota, 1967); First Class, Order of Rising Sun (Tokyo, Japan, 1983). Hobbies: Reading, classical music. Priv. Addr.: Beit Chabab, Lebanon.

Faculty of Medicine (1957-59); Deputy Professor, clinical lectures, French Faculty of Medicine (1966); M.D., HôtelDieu de France Hospital since 1968; Professor of Biology, Ecole Supérieures des Lettres (Mission Culturelle Française) (1968-74), Head of Research, CNRS (Gdnetics Laboratory) since 1969; Associate professor (1974); Professor of Biology, Faculty of Letters, U.SJ. (1976); Titular Professor of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, U.SJ. (1980); Vice-Dean, Faculty of Medicine, U.S.J. (1978-81); Dean of the said faculty (1981-87). Works: Several publications on Genetics in international magazines (in French and English). Hobbies: Music and philosophy. Addr.: Paris, France. NAFFAH (Salim), former Diplomat. Born in Zouk Mikhael, Lebanon. Son of Youssef Naffah and Mrs., née Victoria Harfouche. Married in Aug. 1962 to Miss Suhad Neffa, 2 children: Ais Jose and Nadim. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, American University of Beirut. Dipl: LL.B. Career: in the diplomatic corps since 1957, Lebanese Consul and Chargé d'Affaires in Buenos Aires (Argentina) (1959-62); Lebanese Chargé d'Affaires in Montevideo (Uruguay) (1963-68); recalled to Central Administration as deputy director of the Emigrants Department (1969); Consul General in Sao Paulo (Brazil) (1970), Lebanese delegate to the 29th Session of the UNO; (Oct. 1978), Ambassador in Colombia and in other Andine countries; Former permanant delegate of Lebanon to the United Nations and International Organisation in Geneva (Switzerland). Awards: Order de Mayo (1965), Orden Nacional de Cruzeiro do Sul, Me-dalha Ana Neri (Brazil), Diploma de Gradidao da Cidade de Sao Paulo. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. NAFFAH-SFEIR (Zbaidé), Woman of letters. Born in Uruguay. Married in Montevideo on 15 Mar. 1954 to Mr. Fouad Naffah (former minister), 4 children: Georges, Farid, Linda and Karim. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Career: Woman of letters. Pubi.: Author of several books of collected poems in Spanish. Priv. Addr.: Raouché, Ain Tineh, Rue Principale, Rue No 62, near Bern Palace, Salha Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-868362, 867386, Beirut, Lebanon. NAHAS (Hector, César), M.D., thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon, specialist in thoracic and cardiovascular diseases. Born on Sept. 18,1925 at Tripoli (Lebanon). Son of César G. Nahas (merchant) and Mrs., née Arthémis Coutya. Married on Jan. 10, 1959 to Miss Maha Mitri, 5 children: César, Hadi, Mouna, Karine and Ziad. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, Tripoli; St. Joseph University of Beirut; French Faculty of Medicine; Hahnneman Medical College and Hospital, Georgetown University Medical Center and Hospital USA. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (College Education Degree), Medical Degree, specialization in cardiovascular and thoracic

NAFFAH (Josette), Doctor in medicine. Born in France. Married on 12 July 1955 in Paris to Prof. Joseph Naffah (deceased 1979), 3 children: Charles, MarieClaude and Carine. Educ.: Faculté de Medecine, Université de Paris. Dipl.: Doctorat d'Etat (France); Specialist in Genetics. Career: Head of the clinic, French

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surgery. Career: Training and specialization in U.S.A. (1950-56), surgeon at Baabda Hospital since June 1957, at Military Hospital since 1958 and the St. George's Hospital of Beirut 1959. Act. & Pubi.: Created the 1st model of an artificial fenestraed heart ball-valve prosthesis which has been extensively experimented at Georgetown University Medical Center, and precursor of the Star - Edward's valve (1955-56), founder of the Lebanese Cardiology Association (1959). Awards: Silver medal with palms, Lebanese Order of Merit (1958); Purple Medal, Humanitarian Order of France (1962). Member: Lebanese Cardiology Association (June 1959), Fellow American College of Chest Physicians (Feb. 1954), Fellow American College of Cardiology (Jan. 1970), Member American Trudeau Society (Dec. 1951). Sports: Swimming, tabletennis. Hobby: Photography. Prof. Addr.: 139, Mar Mitri Str., Ashrafiyeh, Beirut Riyad Bank Bldg. (ex. Garzouzi Bldg.), 4th floor, Tel.: 01-322932, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Chucri Assli Str., Antoine Choueyri Bldg., Ashrafiyeh, Tel.: 01-324920, Beirut, Lebanon.

Lebanon. N A H E D (Salim, Nicolas), Company director. Born on 25 May 1925 in Cairo, Egypt. Son of Nicolas Nahed and Mrs., née Marie Chawki. Married on 1 July 1948 in Cairo to Miss Souraya Karam, 3 children: Mona, Hoda and Rafik. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, English College (Cairo), Christ Church College (UK), Pittsburg University (USA). Dipl.: London Chamber of Commerce, D. and B. Financial and Credit Analyst, USA, Oxford and Cambridge Joint Board Certificate, Pittsburg M.P.E. (B.A.) Career: Marketing Manager "Delta Trading Co", Cairo (1956), managing director "Sogexina, S.A.", Geneva (1964), founder "Frigex" (1965), director and general manager "Malifer Corporation" (up to 1980), Gefinor Group (1981), Board member of "Edouard Asseily & Fils SAL", "Business Equipment Co. SAL", and "Getraco International SAL", "Domtex S.A.L.", "Sté. de Teinture & de Textile S.A.L." President: "Builbec SAL", "Buildom SAL". Sports: Basketball, squash, table-tennis, swimming. Hobby: Music. Priv. Addr.: Hassib Shehadeh Bldg., 4th floor, Zouk Mikayel (near Hotel Zoukotel), Tel.: 09-215343, Lebanon.

NAHAS (Marcel, Charles), M.D. Born on 25 Mar. 1938 in Alexandria (Egypt). Son of Charles Nahas (film producer) and Mrs., née Catherine Pompa. Married on 21 Sept. 1961 in Beirut to Miss Josette Tabet, 2 children: Charles and Gilbert. Educ.: Jesuits College, Cairo (Egypt); St. Joseph University of Beirut; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (1967). Dipl.: M.D. (1963), certificate of internal medicine from the Royal College of Canada (1967) and certificate of cardiology, Quebec Province (1969). Career: Associate professor Montreal University (1970), Actualy Professor of cardiology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital of Beirut, and at French Faculty of Medicine in Beirut. Pubi.: Author of a number of medical studies. Dist.: Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Sports: Swimming, physical culture and angling. Prof. Addr.: Badaro Str., Acar Bldg., Tel.: 01384556, Beirut; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Tel.: 01-615300, 615400, Priv. Addr.: Abdel Wahab al-Inglizi Str., Sayegh Bldg., Tel.: 01-219129, Beirut, Lebanon and Kornet Chehwan, Tel.: 04-920609.

N A H R A (Khalil, Salim), Surgeon. Born in Lebanon. Son of Salim Nahra. Educ.: International College, American University of Beirut (1955-56), Residency in Surgery A.U.H. (1961-65), New York University hospital (1965-66), New York Cancer Memorial hospital (196667), Lahey clinic, Boston (1967-68). Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate) (1954), B.S. (1957) (A.U.B.), M.D. (1961) (A.U.B.), American Board of Surgery (1966), American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery (1968), Fellow, American College of Surgeons (F.A.C.S.) (1971), specialization in Lebanon and USA. Career: Surgeon at American University of Beirut Hospital, clinic in Beirut since 1969. Prof. Addr.: Abdel Aziz Str., Hamra, Maktabi Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01344881, 340460, Beirut, Lebanon. N A I M (Fouad), Former Director General of TéléLiban. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: Lebanese and Foreign Universities. Career: Actor, Journalist, joined "L'Orient" daily (1969-70), then "An-Nahar Arab et International" (1979-87); Joined the Lebanese official T.V.; Director, A.F.P. Office in Amman (1977-87) then in Cyprus (198790); Director General of the Lebanese Television (199396). Works: Producer of several Theatrical studies, including "al-Bacra" (1973); "al-Mutawarrida" (1975); "al-Halaba" (1990). Prof. Addr.: Theatre al-Madina, Clemenceau St., Minkara Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-371963, 03-399489, Beirut, Lebanon.

NAHAS (Salim, Antoine), Physicist. Born on 17 Jan. 1934. Son of Antoine S. Nahas (architect - engineer) and Mrs., née Gladys Choucair. Married on 30 Aug. 1964 to Miss Nada Chéhab. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers, Cairo University, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A., diploma of pedagogy. Career: Technical director of "Chrysler Corporation" (1959), joined General Motors (1960), technical director of "Société Allumetière du Levant" since 1964, attached to Technical Department of Messrs. F.A. Kettaneh. Act.: Research on cosmic rays, blindness, industry, holder of four patents. Member: French Sports Club, Yarzeh Sporting Club. Sports: Tennis, shooting, angling. Hobby: Old coins. Priv. Addr.: Beirut,

NAIMY (Nadeem), Dean, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Balarnand. Born in 1930 in Baskinta, Lebanon. Son of Najeeb Naimy (Farming) and

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Mrs., née Zakiyya Haddad. Married on 8 July 1965 to Bushra Rabbani, 2 sons, Mischa (5 Mar. 1967) and Nassib (9 May 1973). Educ.: Baskinta Primary School; Brumraana High School; American University of Beirut; Cambridge University, England. Dipl.: B.A,. and M.A. in Philosophy (AUB); Ph.D. in Arabic Literature (Cambridge). Career: Instructor, Department of Arabic and Near Eastern Languages, A.U.B. (1953-60); Research Graduate at Kings College, Cambridge University, England (1960-63); Professor, Department of Arabic and Near Eastern Languages, A.U.B. (1963-2002); Dean, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Balamand (2002-); Chairman, Department, of Arabic and Near Eastern Languages, A.U.B. (1981-90); Scholar in Residence, Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas, U.S.A., Fall 1983-84; Holder of the Gibran International Prize, Arab Heritage Association, Sydney Australia, 1992. Pubi.: published following works: "al-Fann wa alHayat" (in Literary Criticism), an-Nahar Publications, Beirut (1973); "Mikhail Naimy" (a study of his life and works) (in english), A.U.B publications, Beirut (1967); "Tariq al Dhat ila al-Dhat", the Catholic Press, Beirut (1978); "The Lebanese Prophets of New York" and "Modernity and Culture" A.U.B. Publications, Beirut (1985); "Gibran's Alihat al-Ard", bilingual Nawfal publications, Beirut (1989); al-Hadatha wa al-Turath, Nawfal Publications, Beirut, 1997. Hobbies: Walking, music, reading. Prof. Addr.: University of Balamand, P.O.Box 100 (Tripoli), Tel.: +961-6-930241, E-mail: nadeem@[email protected], Beirut, Lebanon.

Philanthropic Association (1982-2002), Association of Former Muslim Scouts of Lebanon. Credit Card: Master Card. Professional Address: Unifinac, Zahlan Bldg., Alfred Nobel St., Hamra, Beirut, Lebanon and Chamber of Commerce and Industry, P.O.Box 11-1801, Tel.: 01744165, Beirut. Residential Address: Jammal Bldg., Verdun St., Beirut, Tel.: 01-867255, 803409, Lebanon. NAJJAR (Amin S.), Honorary Consul of the Republic of Seychelles, Retired Senior Executive of MEA, and Management Consultant in Human Resources & Organization. Born at Abadiyeh, Lebanon on 4 Feb. 1934. Son of Suleiman Najjar - Doctor of Medicine and Mrs., née Nabiha Dahouk. Married in 1983 in Beirut to Hanan Salloum, 4 children: Amai, Karim (from previous marriage), Maha, Rania. Educ.: International College I.C. (High School), AUB - School of Business & Management. Diploma: High School (1951), B.B.A. (1955). Career: MASCO (Mideast Aircraft Service Co.) 1955-60 (as Administration & Personnel Superintendent), MEA (Middle East Airlines - Airliban); 1960: Assistant Personnel Manager; 1962: Personnel Manager; 1969: Assistant Vice-President (Industrial Relations); 1978: Vice-President (Industrial Relations); 1992: Senior Vicepresident (Human Resources) to June 1998; Appointed Honorary Consul for the Republic of Seychelles in Lebanon in Sept. 1981. Sports: Skiing, swimming and walking. Hobbies: Fishing, hunting. Clubs: AUB Alumni Association, Member; Cedar Jet Club - MEA, Administrative Secretary. Credit Cards: Midland Access, & American Express. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Cap Sur Ville, Tower V, Mar Roukoz, Dekwaneh, P.O.Box: 55-363, TeL/Fax: 01-680674, Mobile: 03-313756, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon

NAJA (Y. Walid, Rafie), Economist. Born on Apr. 14, 1941 in Beirut. Son of Rafie A. Naja (Economist and Politician) and Mrs. Mufida Y. Bohsali. Married in 1965 to Nada M. Salam, 3 children: Zeina (Married to Ali Dana; children: Dunya, Rafie, Hayat); Rafie (Ph.D. Economics Program, MIT); Khaled (Civil Engineering Program, UVA). Educ.: Makassed (Beirut), International College (Beirut), American University (Beirut), Oxford University (England), Yale University (New Haven CT., USA), American University (Washington D.C., USA). Dipl.: B.A. Economics; M.A. Economics; Ph.D. (candidate) International Relations; Ph.D. (Candidate) Arab History; Ph.D. Public Administration. Career: Economist, Industry Institute, Beirut (63); Economic Counselor, Embassy of Lebanon, Washington D.C. (6471); General Manager, Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Beirut (75-82 and 94-), Secretary General, Federation of Lebanese Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture(2002-to date); Chairman, Banking Control Commission, Central Bank of Lebanon (82-87); Economic Advisor to Central Bank of Lebanon (89), to Fransabank S.A.L. (93-), etc.; Chairman, United Financial Agencies and Consultations S.A.R.L. (Since 88). Sport: Jogging. Hobbies: Classical Music, Jungian Psychology, Cosmology. Member: Makassed Islamic

NAJJAR (Fouad, Amine), Graduate agronomist, former minister. Born in Dec. 1909 at Abadiyeh (Lebanon). Son of Amine Najjar and Mrs., née Adía Najjar. Married in 1944 to Miss Anissa Raouda, 3 children. Educ.: University College of Aley, French Lycée of Beirut, Higher National School of Agronomy, Montpellier (France). Dipl.: Graduate Agronomist (1932). Career: Founder and general manager of "Société des Produits Insecticides et Fongicides" since 1934, founded with his uncle Halim Najjar the first agricultural cooperative Society in Lebanon (Abadiyah - 1937), lecturer in agriculture at AUB (1938-48), board member of "Les Amis de l'Arbre" Society since 1949, board member of "Banque du Crédit Agricole, Industrial et Foncier" since 1955, President Lebanese Agriculturists since 1961, board chairman "Les Amis du Livre" Society since 1961, Beirut City Councillor since 1961, board member of Druze Council since 1962, of the Committee of Cénacle Libanais since 1962, board chairman of Agronomy Research Institute (1969), Minister of Agriculture (1958), member of Central Commission for Administrative Reform (1958-

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University; Executive Vice-President of the "Lebanese Arbitration Society"; former Member of Paris Bar **nd of the Commission for Constitutional Reforms; Member of the Law Modernisation Committee of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Economy, and of the Lebanese Central Bank. Pubi: thesis "Le droit d'optiòn, contribution à l'étude du droit potestatif et de l'acte unilatéral", Paris, (1967); "Les Libéralités, Théorie Générale, Testaments, Donations" (4th ed. 2001); "Droit matrimonial, les Successions", Préface de M. Pierre Catala (3rd ed. 2003); "Nouveau Dictionnaire Juridique français-arabe" (2005); "Le mariage et la nationalité de la femme mariée" (1964), "Le mandat post-mortem dans les libéralités par dons manuels et comptes bancaires" (recherches sur un "acte neutre") - (Mélanges offerts à P. Raynaud) 1985; Secret bancaire e t , droit de la famille (Mélanges offerts à Louis Boyer);"L'Accord de principe"; L'Astrologie et le droit (Mélanges offerts à M. François Terré) " L a notion d'ensemble contractuel"(2004); Les contrats d'option; Chronicles of Lebanese Private Law, Préface de M. Jean Carbonnier, Avant propos de M. François Terré (2001); The Fiduciary Contracts (1997); Vos Donation (1991 and 2002); Donation entre époux (1993 and 2004); Pacte sur Succession future (1994 and 2003); Disposition à titre gratuit (1998 and 2006) in Encyclopédie Dalloz, Répertoire de Droit Civil; La procuration irrévocable (2003); in addition to a large number of Conferences and public lectures of law and political articles and commentaries, published in specialized journals, notably: The Lebanese Review of Arab and International Arbitration, Proche-Orient, Etudes Juridiques, Recueil. Dalloz Sirey, Revue Internationale de droit comparé, Publications de l'Association Henri Capitani; Esprit, etc... Member: Association of juridical science, Henri Capitani Association, Member of several law societies in Lebanon and Europe... Sport: tennis. Hobbies: Arts, research in politics, philosophy, internet, poetry. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 116-2270, Beirut; Practice: 11, Madrassat el-Salam Str., Tel.: 01-202100,03-655123, Fax: 01-201974, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Abdel Wahab Englizi Str., 415, Tel.: 01-333338, Beirut and Maameltein, al-Sahel, Tel.: 09-641001, Lebanon; also 60, Avenue de New York, 75016 Paris, Tel.: +33142244202, Fax: +33142244275, E-mail: [email protected], Website: http://www.dm.net.lb/rla.

59), Minister of Agriculture and PTT (1959-60), Minister of Agriculture (1964). Act.: represented Lebanon at the Arab League and FAO conference on agricultural credit (Beirut 1954), at the conference of Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Arab Countries held in Baghdad (1954), Beirut (1956), in Cairo (1958), at FAO regional conference held in Cairo (Oct. 1964), sent on mission to France, UK, Switzerland, Germany and Scandinavian countries by the Ministry of Agriculture to promote the export of Lebanese fruits (1957). President of Lion's club, Beirut (1964-65). Priv. Addr.: Sidani Str., Joan of Arc, Rawda Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 01-343284, Beirut, Lebanon. NAJJAR (Georges, Abdallah), Engineer. Born in 1920 in Beirut. Son of Abdallah Najjar (company manager) and Mrs., née Marie Diab. Married in 1951 to Miss Marie Angelil, 3 children: Edouard, Pierre and Simone. Educ.: Sacred-Heart College of Beirut, Higher Engineering School of Beirut, Higher Electricity School of Paris. Dipl.: B.Sc. (Eng) (1948). Career: Joined the Hydraulic Service of the French delegation of Levant (1942-45), chief engineer at Nahr Ibrahim Co. since 1948, expert Veritas Office (for the study of electricity projects). Act.: Carried out a number of hydraulic projects in Syria and Lebanon, irrigation projects in the region of Homs, Hama, Mzereeb, Kasmyeh, hydroelectric installations on Ibrahim River. Member: French Society of Electricians, Society of Civil Engineers of France (secretary general for Lebanon). Priv. Addr.: Jirgi Zaidan, Jamil Acra Bldg., 3rd floor (above Malta Embassy), Tel.: 01- 335023, Beirut, Lebanon. NAJJAR (Ibrahim, Albert), Academic, Barrister. Born on 2 Sept. 1941 at Tripoli (Lebanon). Son of Col. Dr. Albert Najjar and Mrs., née Fadwa Yazbeck. Married on 20 Sept. 1969 to Miss Marie-Rose Toufic Chamoun, 3 children: Nathalie, Serge and Cyrille. Educ.: Antoura College, French Lycée, St. Joseph University, University of Paris. Dipl.: Ph.D. Law from Paris University (June 1966). Career: Professor (since 1969) of Civil Law at the Faculty of Law of St. Joseph University, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law, Paris 2, Paris I (Pantheon Sorbonne), Nantes and Toulouse (France); Barrister, 1International and domestic arbitration, 2- International distribution agreements, 3- Litigation and lawsuits management, 4- Family law, 5- Intellectual property, 6Capital markets, 7- Mergers and acquisitions, 8- Real estate (acquisition by foreigners), 9- Banking and Finance, 10- Taxation, 11- Corporations and offshore corporations, 12- Franchise, 13- Trust, 14- Criminal law, Chief Editor of the "Lebanese Review of Arab and International Arbitration" and of the revue "Proche-Orient, Etudes Juridiques", President of the Private Law Section and director of the diploma of high studies in Banking and Capital Markets at the Faculty of Law of St. Joseph

NAJJAR (Jamil, Elias), M.D. Born on 26 Sept. 1931 in Cairo, Egypt. Son of Elias Najjar (former bank executive) and Mrs., née Adèle Karamé. Married on 30 Aug. 1958 to Miss Germaine Yazbeck, 2 children: Drs. (Doctors), Rami and Roni. Educ.: College of the Christian Brothers (Cairo), Faculty of Medicine (Cairo). Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certificate), M.B. CH.B. (Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery) of the said faculty, P.G.R.E.N.T. (Post Graduate resident in diseases of ear, nose and throat). Career: Resident M.D. in military and government hospitals in Cairo (1957-61), deputy

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(Medicine) and Mrs. Marie Najm. Married on Dec. 10, 1963 Hiyam Rouhayem, (Lawyer), 4 children: George (Engineer), Mireille (Lawyer), Carole (Lawyer) and Henry (Lawyer). Educ.: Collège des Apôtres, Jounieh, St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: Political Science; Licence ès Science; Licence in French Law; Licence in Lebanese Law, Diplomas in Higher Studies of Political Economy and public Law. Career: Laywer, Formerly Teacher of Math and Science. Other Information: Lawyer of the Nonce Apostolic in Lebanon; Secretary General of National Liberal Party, Membre du Conseil Executif de la Ligue Maronite. Award: Commander of St. Gregory the Great. Hobbies: Reading, music, travel and chess. Prof. Addr.: Horsh Tabet, Sin el-Fil, Naoum Labaki Str., Montee Palais Noura, Najm Residence, Fax: 01-481240, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Horch Tabet, Sin el-Fil, Tel.: 01480019, 03-729311, Beirut, Lebanon.

medical director of Messrs "J.R. Geigy, Basle, Switzerland" Cairo (1961-62), private practice since 1962, Ex-Professor of Parasitology in Paramedical School of Jounieh, Ex. Lecturer in Faculty of Medecine, Lebanese University, Ex-Chief of Medical Committee of Water Authority of Beirut. Pubi: Wrote a number of medical memos published in Cairo and Switzerland (1961-62). Member: Lebanese Doctors Association, Lebanese Ear, Nose and Throat Doctors Association. Hobbies: Cartoon drawing, painting, classical music. Prof. Addr.: Practice at Dbayeh, P.O.Box Antelias 70-227, Tel.: 04-543132, Fax: 04-542299, Dbayeh, Beirut Suburb. Priv. Addr.: Mafrak Aukar, Tel.: 04-544141, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon. NAJJAR (Raymond, Iskandar), Civil engineer. Born on 20 Mar. 1925 in Beirut. Son of Iskandar Najjar. Married to Miss Aida Naffah. Educ.: Marist Brothers College of Sidon (1931-40), Jesuits College (1941-43), Higher Engineering School of Beirut (1943-47). Dipl.: B.Sc. (Eng.). Career: Private office (studies and contracting). Prof. Addr.: Corniche Nahr, No. 95, Rayna Bldg., 7th Floor, P.O.Box 16-5200, Tel.: 01-612800, Fax: 01-612745, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Sursock Str., Musée Sursock, Rayes Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-201822, 323104, Beirut, Lebanon.

NAKIB (Ahmad, Aref, an-), Surgeon, cardiologist. Born in Lebanon. Son of Aref an-Nakib. Educ.: American University of Beirut, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. Dipl.: M.D. (surgery) specialisation in cardiology at Minnesota. Career: Surgeon, cardiologist, assistant (3 years) to Prof, Lillelai, the specialist in cardiac device which carries his name (Nakib W.S.I., Washington Scientific Industries), now manufactured in USA. Member: American College of Cardiology. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Ouzai, Mazraa Str., Nakib Medical Centre, Ahmad an-Nakib Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-630085, Beirut, Lebanon.

NAJM (Antoine Hanna), Professor, politician. Born on June 13,1934 in Tripoli (Lebanon). Son of HannaNajm (Contractor) and Mrs., née Khassous Baini. Married on July 11,1965 to Rose Humuda, 6 children: Marie Jésus (1966), Ketty (1967), Dolly (1971), Jean (1973), Pierre (1975), Maroun (1984). Educ.: Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes, Pères Carmélites, Lebanese University, Training Courses in Educational Bureaucracy at A.U.B, and in Quebec (Canada). Dipl.: BACC II (Philo), B.A., M.A. (Philosophy). Career: Professor and Principal of Public Schools (Zgharta-Jdeideh) (1954-92); Member of Kataeb Party (1952-); Head of the Ideology Department of the Kataeb (1964-84); Political Advisor to Sheikh Bachir Gemayel (1975-82); Political Advisor Commander in Chief of the Lebanese Forces Mr. Fady Frem (1982-84); Secretary General of the Political Affairs at the Lebanese Forces (1991). Pubi: (In arabic): "Lebanese Unity" (1960); "The Kataeb Ideology" (1966); "Civil Society and Accountability in Democracy" (1970); "The Kataeb and Secularism" (1970); "We Will Not Live as Dhimmis" (1979); "A Charter for a New National Pact" (1979); "People's Identity and The State's Identity in Lebanon" (1990); ALECSO: "Philosophy and Problems" (1991). (In french): "Eastern Christians Vis-a-Vis Islam" (1980). Prof. Addr.: Hazmieh, Place Mar Takla, Pharmacy As-Saha Bldg., rez-de-chaussée, Tel.: 05-457952, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Abou Ezzeh Bldg., 2nd floor (near Dar Assayad), Tel.: 05-457952, Lebanon.

NAKIB (Khalil), Management. Born on 10 Aug. 1944 in Sidon, Lebanon. Son of Adib Nakib (Merchant and Farmer) and Mrs. Naa'mat Nakib. Married on 14 Oct. 1976 in Sidon to Miss Joumana Shammaa', 2 children: (a boy and a girl), Adib (Nov. 4,1978), Hiba (June 2,1980). Educ.: Makassed Islamic School, Sidon; Gerard The National Evangelical School, Sidon; American University of Beirut (AUB); New York University (NYU); Florida State University (FSU). Dipl.: High School; Bachelor of Arts (BA); Master of Public Administration (MPA); Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). Career: Executive Director - Lebanon Family Planning Association (1973-76); Lecturer & Assistant Professor, American University of Beirut (1976-80 and 1986-till now); Lecturer in Management - The Lebanese University (1976-77; 197980; 1985-86; 1986-87); Lecturer in Management, Beirut University College (1977-78 and 1986-94); Council for Development and Reconstruction (Technical Specialist 1977-84; Head of Section 1984-90; Secretary of the Board 1990-2003; Investment Coordinator 2003-till now); VicePresident of the National Institute for Investment Guarantee (1993-till now); Member of the Board of Directors of Development Studies Association (1994-99). Sport: Swimming. Hobby: Reading. Clubs: Makassed Association(Sidon); Lebanese Management Association;

NAJM (Emile), Lawyer. Born on Sept. 29, 1928, in Chabtene, North Lebanon. Son of George Najm

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NASNAS

Development Studies Association. Prof. Addr.: Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR), Tallet alSerail, Beirut, Tel.: 01-981382. Priv. Addr.: Yasminah Bldg., Jal al-Bahr, Ras Beirut, Beirut, Tel.: 01-373837, Lebanon.

(1987-93); General Manager, of: Lebanese Agencies and Trading Co. (LATCO) S.A.L. since 1972; Contact Art Gallery Ltd. since 1973; Alita Group Ltd. since 1979; Nammour Real Estate and Financial Co. Ltd. since 1982; Fine Arts Consulting and Publishing S.A.R.L. (Lebanon) since 1990; La Maison des Beaux Arts, Conseil et Edition S.A.R.L. (France) (1991-93). Other Activities: Followed the Plastic Arts Movement in Lebanon since 1959; Wrote Articles and Lectured about Lebanese sculpture and painting in Lebanon. Participated in many Juries to select works for exhibitions or for giving Prizes since 1986. Pubi.: "Modern Art Museum in Lebanon" (1987); "Sculpture in Lebanon" in arabic (1990); "Joseph Basbous - Sculpture" (2000), "Amam al-Lawha" (2003). Sports: Sailing, motor cycling. Hobby: Art collection. Member of: Automobile and Touring Club of Lebanon (Kaslik); Rabiya Club. Prof. Addr.: Alita Group Ltd., Antelias, Saouma Center, P.O.Box 70794, Fax: 04-418330, Lebanon. Residence: 19/15 Str., Rabiya, el-Metn, Tel.: 03271500, Lebanon.

N A M M A R (Nicolas), Artist Plastician. Born in 1925 in Beirut. Son of Georges Nammar and Mrs. Née Hélène Haddad. Married on 5 March, 1957 to Miss Nadia Karam, 2 Children: Nizam & Nadi. Educ.: Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts (1944-1949); Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux Arts (Paris) (1949-1952). Career: Responsibility Academic: Dean of Institute of Fine Arts (Lebanese University) (1967-1973); Director of the Plastic Arts School, Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts (1958-1965); Director of Institute of Fine Arts (2) dean creation in 1977 to 10/7/81; President of the Lebanese Artist Painters & Sculptor Association. University Institutions: Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts (1952-1965); Lebanese University Institute of Fine Arts (1965-1988); Actually, co-director of "Travaux de Diplôme d'Etudes Supérieures d'Arts plastiques" at the Academy of Fine Arts. Works: Mural on the Public whole (Ministry of Information, Ancient Airport of Beirut, etc... The Armenian Church, Cathedral St. Georges of Maronites in Beirut, restaurants & theatres). Toiles de chevalet on the public collecting (witch the ministry of culture) and the private collecting at Alexandria Museum, etc... Individual Exhibitions & participations on the Local Collective Exhibitions, Arab Countries, Some European countries and at the North & Southern America. Awards: Prize from the President of the Lebanese Republic (1959); Prize at the Alexandria Biennale (1961); Medal from Lebanese University; Medal from the "Ordre Syndical des Beaux-Arts (Syria); Medal from the "Ordre Syndical des Beaux-Arts" (Sultanate Oman) etc... Sport: Shooting. Priv. Addr.: Badaro str., Maalouf Bldg., 1st floor,(near la Baratte Pastry), Tel.: 01380190, Beirut, Lebanon.

N A S H A B E (Hisham, Abdul-Wahab), Academic. Born in 1931 in Tripoli (North Lebanon). Son of AbdulWahab Nashabe (judge) and Mrs., née Yumn Yahya. Married in 1960 in Beirut to Miss Afaf Daouk, one daughter, Hiba. Educ.: National High school (Tripoli Lebanon); American University of Beirut; McGill University (Montreal, Canada); Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass., USA). Dipl.: Β .A. in Political Science, M.A. in Political Science, M.A. in Islamic Studies, Ph.D. in Islamic Studies. Career: Principal of Makassed Islamiyah College (1960-70); Professor of Arab History, Lebanese University (1961-75); Professor of Muslim Thought, American University of Beirut (197595); Dean of Education, Makassed Islamiyah Association (since 1970); Chairman of the Institute of Islamic Studies, Makassed (since 1980); Chairman of the Executive Board of the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALESCO). Decor.: Officer of the Order of the Cedar (Lebanon), Officer of the Palmes Académiques (France), Makassed Medal of Service (Lebanon), Iqbal Commemorative Medal (Pakistan), National Order of Merit (France). Sport: Horseback riding. Credit Card: American Express. Prof. Addr.: Makassed Association, P.O.Box. 5832, Tel.: 01-365394, Fax: 01-365393, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Sanayeh, Beirut, Lebanon.

N A M M O U R (Cesar), Industrialist, administrator, art critic. Born on June 24, 1937 in Lebanon. Son of Elias Cesar Nammour and Olga Khoury Shammas. Married to Mireille Tabet, 2 children: Jihad (1975), Diala (1979). Educ.: B.B.A., American University of Beirut (A.U.B.), Beirut, Lebanon; M.B.A., American University, Washington D.C., U.S.A. Career: Researcher, Contracting and Trading Co. (C.A.T.) (1964-65); General Manager, Lebanese Food Co. (LEFCO) S.A.L. (1965-71); Director, Marketing Technology (MARTEC) S.A.R.L. (1974-80); Director, Rabiya Real Estate Co. S.A.L. (1981-84); Director Rabiya Co. S.A.L. (1984-87). Present Business: Chairman and General Manager of: National Lime Co. (SNACH) S.A.L. since 1969, name changed in 1984 to National Investment and Development Co. (SNACH) S.A.L.; Pan Arab Paints Co. S.A.L. since 1974; Rabiya Co. S.A.L. (1987-93); Vice-President, Rabiya Real Estate Co.

NASNAS (Elie J.), Businessman, Lebanese Citizen. Born in 1959 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married, 4 children. Educ.:Université Dauphine at Paris (1976-1977); Several Trainings at UAP, Paris (1976-1977). Dipl.: Diploma en Gestion des Entreprises, University St. Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon(1978); Several Trainings at Willis Coroon (London) (1986). Career: General Director, AXA Middle East SAL. Other Activities: Secretary of A C A L (Association des companies d'Assurances au Liban);

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Member of RDCL (Rassemblement des Dirigeants et Chefs d'Entreprises Libanais); Member of Administration Counsel of CEA (Centre d'Etudes d'Assurances) at University St. Joseph, Beirut. Prof. Addr.: AXA MiddleEast SAL, P.O.Box 11-575, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh, Lebanon.

(CCIB) during several years. He was vice president of the Board of Directors of the association of insurance companies (ACAL) during several years. He was also Member of the Board of Directors of the LebaneseAmerican Chamber of Commerce(ALCC). Activities: Roger Nasnas is president of the board of directors of the Greek Catholic Benevolent Society of Beirut and suburbs. He is president of this Association since 1991. Distinction: Roger Nasnas was nominated: Knight at the national order of the French Merit on 29/01/1986; Knight at the national order of the legion of honor on 30/12/2000. Prof. Addr.: AXA Middle East, Jal el-Dib, Autoroute, Zard Zard Bldg., P.O.Box 11-550 Beirut, Tel.: 04-711114, 716777, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

NASNAS (Roger), Businessman. Born on Nov. 5, 1949 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married, 3 children, Lebanese Citizen. Ed uc.: After achievement of his secondary studies at Notre-Dame de Jamhour College (Jesuites Fathers), Roger Nasnas obtained the master's degree in economical sciences from St. Joseph University of Beirut in June 1972. Professional experience: President of the Economical and Social Council: By decree 2102 on 30 December 2000, he was designated as one of the state representatives at the first general assembly of the Economical and Social Council where he was elected on 12 February, for three years, as president founder and carried out its constitution and organization. He adopted all necessary rules for the functioning of this new institution and multiplied the interior and exterior contacts necessary for its launching. He presided all assemblies and meetings of the council and spared no effort to involve this institution as privileged partner in the Lebanese civil life like the Economical and Social Councils present in sixty-one countries of the world. President Director General (CEO) of AXA Middle East S.A.L: On coming out of the university Roger Nasnas integrated Marcel Hanemoglou & Co, representative of l'Union des Assurances de Paris (UAP), dean of the presence of the French Insurance in Lebanon. The group represented the UAP as from the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1974 and jointly with the UAP the group establishes a Lebanese insurance company, namely SLF - Société Libano-Française d'Assurances et de Reassurances SAL. On the other hand, UAP merged in Nov. 1996 with the AXA world leader in its field, and then in July 1999 AXA and SLF signed a partnership agreement in order to develop their insurance activities in Lebanon as well as in the countries of the region. The SLF becomes AXA M.E. SAL and Mr. Roger Nasnas is designated chairman of the board. The enterprise is considered as the pioneer of insurance in Lebanon and one of the undisputed leaders in the market. President Director General of Mednet: Company of administration of Medical claims (TPA). Social and Professional activities: President coming out of the RDCL: Co-founder in 1986 of the RDCL (Rassemblement des Dirigeants et Chefs d'Entreprises Libanais). Roger Nasnas presided this Association within several years during which he worked to ensure dialogue between the State and the enterprises especially small and middle ones. The RDCL submitted several studies: - White Book of the National Economy. The Social policy. - The enterprise's yard. - Project of retirement insurance. He was member of the board of directors of the chamber of commerce and industry

NASR (Asad, Yusuf), Former Airline executive. Born on 11 Sept. 1927 in Haifa. Son of Yusuf Nasr and Mrs., née Khazneh Sabty. Married on Jan. 11, 1953 in Beirut to Miss Mary Awad, 4 children: Youssef (1954), Khaled (1958), Mounzer (1960), Oussama (1962). Educ.: Cambridge University. Dipl.: M.A. in Mathematics and Law. Career: Teaching Mathematics and Statistics at the American University of Beirut (1950-55); Expert at the Ministry of National Economy, Beirut (1950-52); joined Middle East Airlines as General Planning and Economics Manager (1955); Executive Vice-President, Middle East Airlines (1963); General Manager, Middle East Airlines (1965); Managing Director, Middle East Airlines (1976); Managing Director and Deputy Chairman, Middle East Airlines (1977); Chairman of the Board and President, Middle East Airlines (1977), partner in ASMA sari, (Since 1982). Work: Invented in 1970 the ASNA formula for aircraft and schedule evaluation; author of several articles on air transport and management systems. Awards: Commander of the National Order of Chad (1973); Officer of the National Order of Lebanon (1974); The Order of the Republic of Egypt (1974); 1st annual airline Technical Management award by Air Transport World (1975); the Labour Medal; in Gold, Lebanon (1975); the Order of the Legion of Honour, France (1975); Gold Medal of the Association of Engineers Graduates of ESIB, Lebanon (1978); Outstanding Achievement Award by the Airline Executive Magazine (1980). Hobby: Music recordings. Credit Cards: Visa and Master Card. Priv. Addr.: 87, Mexico Str., Kantari, Salamoun Bldg., 2nd floor (face Haigazian School), Tel.: 01-350873, 03-315049, Beirut, Lebanon. NASR (César, Georges), Academic, former minister of state. Born in 1926 at Bkassine (Lebanon). Son of Georges Nasr and Mrs., née Marie Darian. Married in 1957 to Miss Leila Abi-Saleh, one son: Samer. Educ.: French Lycée, Ecole Normale Supérieures of Paris, La Sorbonne. Dipl.: M.A. (Philosophy and psychology 1948), Higher Diploma of Social psychology (1949), Ph.D. Social Sciences 1955), from Paris University. Career: Professor 266

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION of psychology at Lebanese University (1951-66), Research Center at the Ministry Education (1955-56), Education Director at the Said ministry (1956-59). Professor of social psychology at the higher School of Letters (1955-70); Director Criminology Institute at the French Law Faculty, Dean of the Institute of Social Sciences of Lebanese University, Minister for Environment (1980-82); General Secretary of the "Institute of Strategic research" (198288); Member International Council of Social Sciences ICSS, Unesco 1977. Pubi: Author of "Philosophic et Psychologic" 1970; "Une lecture d'Auguste Comte" 1985; "Retrospective" 1985. Awards: Officer, academic Palms (France) commandeur: Ordre du mérite national (France) and several decorations. Sports: Rambling and shooting. Hobbies: Photography, music. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Badaro, Taleb Hobeiche Str., 70 Belvedere Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-387128, 03-290175, Beirut, Lebanon.

N A S R A L L A H (Hassan), Secretary General of Hizbullah. Born in Bourj Hammoud, suburb of Beirut on August 31, 1960. Son of Sayyed Abdulkarim Nasrallah. Married to Fatimah Yassin and has 5 children: Hadi (who was martyred in 1997 in the confrontation against the occupation forces in Jabal al-Rafei in South Lebanon), M u h a m m a d Jawad, Zeinab, M u h a m m a d Ali and Muhammad Mahdi. Educ.: Elementary education in "AlKifah" private school, intermediate and secondary studies in "Al-Thanawiya Al-Tarbawiya, Sin el-Fil region. When the civil war in Lebanon erupted (April 1975), his family returned to al-Bazouriah, where he continued his secondary education. He was appointed the organizational officer in Amai Movement in al-Bazouriyah village. At the time of his presence in the south of Lebanon, he met in Tyre his eminence, Sayyed Muhammad al-Gharawi, who helped him to join the educational Hawza in Sacred Najaf late 1976. Hence, he departed to sacred Najaf with letter of recommendation from Sayyed al-Gharawi to the religious authority, martyred Imam Sayyed Muhammad Baqir alSador (RIP), who expressed special interest towards him; thus, he gave Sayyed al-Musawi (RIP) the task of supervising the new student and sponsoring him concerning both personal and educational levels. In 1978, he left Iraq secretly due to the repression occurring at that time against the religious schools (scholars and students). In Lebanon, he joined the Hawza of al-Imam al-Montazar; and his religious school was founded by martyr Sayyed Abbas al-Musawi, who was banned from returning to Iraq where he resumed his studies. Career: Beside his educational activity in the religious school in Baalbeck, Sayyed Nasrallah resumed his political and organizational activity in Amai Movement in al-Bekaa region, where he was appointed in 1979 the political officer of al-Bekaa region and the m e m b e r of the politburo of Amai Movement. In 1982, with a large number of the officials and cadres he withdrew from Amai Movement following disputes with the political leadership of the movement resulting from the "Israeli" invasion to Lebanon. He took part in several responsibilities in Hizbullah since the beginning of its foundation in 1982, following the Israeli invasion and the start of the Islamic Resistance Movement in Lebanon. He continued his education in the religious school in Baalbeck beside his responsibility in Hizbullah in al-Bekaa region until 1985, the time when he moved to Beirut. In 1987, the chief executive officer position was established in Hizbullah; he was given his responsibility beside his membership in the Consultative Council (the highest leading panel in Hizbullah). In 1989, he left to sacred Qum to join again the educational Hawza and continue his studies. However, he returned to Lebanon after one year to fulfill his responsibility as per the resolution of the Consultative Council due to the insistence of some basic cadres and officials and due to the developments occurring in Lebanon at that time. In 1992, he was unanimously elected by the members of the

NASR (Samir), Consultant. Born at Bkassine on 19 Aug. 1953. Son of Amine Nasr (Banker) and Mrs., née Sylvie Awad. Married on 26 Sept. 1976 in Bikfaya to Miss Nada Moghaizel, 3 children: Raya (31/1/1982), Ziad (10/10/1984), Jad (10/10/1984). Educ.: AUB - Paris University. Dipl.: Ph.D. Economics; Paris University (1980). Post Graduate diploma in Finance; Paris. ΒΑ, MA Economics - AUB. Career: From 1983 - Managing Director - "Etudes et Consultations Economiques" sari; From 1993 - Chairman "National Investment Guarantee Corporation". Other Information: Co-founder of the "Lebanese Businessmen Association" and member of the Board of this association. Sport: Walking. Hobbies: Reading, music. Clubs: RDCL - American Lebanese Chamber of Commerce - Rotary. Credit Cards: Visa and Master Card. Prof. Addr.: Bldg. La Tour St. Nicolas (1st floor), St. Nicolas Str., St. Nicolas Area, Ashrafieh, Tel.: 01-217232, Fax: 01-325200, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Rabieh, Sleiman el-Khoury Bldg., Str. No. 33, Bldg. No. 9, Metn, Tel.: 04-405730, 520480, 03-271952, Lebanon. NASR (William, Georges), M.D. gastro-enterologist. Born in 1932 at Bkassine (Lebanon). Son of Georges Nasr and Mrs., née Marie Darian. Married on 19 Dec. 1965 to Miss Salwa Bouez. Educ.: French Lycée, University of Paris. Dipl.: M.D. (1957), specialisation in gastroenterology at University of Paris. Career: Non resident M.D. in Paris hospitals, former chief of clinic at the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut (1960-64), Asistant in gastro-enterology at Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital of Beirut (1964), lecturer French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut since 1964, private practice. Pubi.: Author of thesis "Ictarus and Chlorpromazine" (1957), gastro-enterology thesis: "Spontaneous internal biliodigestive fistule". Sports: Clay pigeon shooting - 1965 champion. Prof. Addr.: Badaro, Ibrahim Ghattas Bldg., 5th floor (facing l'Orientai), Tel.: 01-386363, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sodeco, Tel.: 01-215507, Beirut, Lebanon.

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Consultative Council as the Secretary General of Hizbullah succeeding to the former Secretary General, martyr Sayyed Abbas al-Musawi, who was assassinated by the Israeli forces on February 16, 1992 in Tiffahta village, while he was returning from Jebsheet village in South Lebanon, where he attended a ceremonial anniversary in memory of the martyrdom of "the Cleric of the Islamic Resistance Martyrs", Sheikh Ragheb Harb. During his responsibility in the Secretariat General of the Party, the Islamic Resistence fought several wars and heroic confrontations against the Israeli army, the most prominent of which were the "Settling Accounts" in July 1993 and "Bunches of Anger" in April 1996, which was finalized by the April Understanding that was one of the greatest keys of the distinctive development of the main actions of the resistance, which was the historic achievement represented by the liberation of the greater part of the Lebanese land in May 2000. At the time of his position as the Secretary General of Hizbullah, he took part more in the internal political life of Lebanon and participated in parliamentary election in 1992. This was the first election taking place and following the end of the civil war in Lebanon. Thus, Hizbullah achieved a great performance with the arrival of twelve of its members to the Lebanese Parliament, thus forming the parliamentary bloc "Loyalty to Resistance." During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict on July 14th 2006, his home and his office were destroyed by Israeli bombing raids. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

Bldg., Tel.: 01-862483, Beirut, Lebanon. NASRALLAH (Pierre, Michel), Academic. Born in Lebanon in 1932. Son of Michel Nasrallah. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: Doctorate (Econ.) Career: Professor Economic Sciences at the University of St. Joseph; Director Center of Banking Studies and Executive Director Société Nouvelle de la Banque de Syrie et du Liban. Addr.: Bikfaya, P.O.Box. 34 (Bikfaya), Lebanon and Paris, France. NASSAR (Amin, Fares), Magistrate, President of the Constitutional Council of Lebanon. Son of Fares Nassar. Educ.: Secondary and Higher Studies. Dipl.: Lebanese and French Law and Diploma of "Ecole Supérieures Française des Lettres". Career: Magistrate, Succesively President of the Appeal Court, First President of the Supreme Court; President of "Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature Libanaise" and actually President of the Constitutional Council (1997); Elected President for the Union & Constitutional Council (2003). Decor.: Commdr. Apostle Cross of St. Peter; Officer, French National Order; Grand Officer of Lebanese Order of Cedars. Priv. Addr.: Adma, Kesrouan, Zone Verte, Rue No.4, Amin Nassar Bldg., Tel: +961-9-852500, +961-3-682220, Fax: +961-9852501, E-mail: [email protected]. Office: Hadath, Galerie Semaan, Ancien route de Saida, Villa Aboujaoudé, Tel.: 05-466184/85, Lebanon.

NASRALLAH (Nasser), Civil Servant, Member of Parliament. Born in 1940 in Machghara, West Bekaa. Educ.: Primary at Official School, Machghara; Secondary at Official School, Furn el Chebback. Dipl.: Business Administration and Social Sciences (Virginia, U.S.A.). Career: Worked at Beirut Water Office (1962) at Ain Delbeh Water Office (1977); Litani National Office (19902002); at the Ministry's Affairs (1984-1990); President of the Syndicate Commission of "Amai Movement"; President of C.N.S.S. (1999-2004); Elected Deputy of West Bekaa (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

NASSAR (Elias, Rizkallah, Mgr.), Archbishop. Born on oct. 25, 1960 in Beirut, Lebanon. Educ.: Clerical School (Ghazir), Pastor School, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: Baccalaureate in Civil Engineering; Licence in Theology from USEK; Diploma in Theology from the Catholic University (Paris); Licence in Law from the Sagesse University. Languages: Arabic, English, French, Syriac, Hebrew and Greek. Career: Secretary at the Maronite Archbishopric of Saida; In charge of Christian Education, Clerical Mission and Fraternity guide in the Diocese; General Superintendent to Saida Diocese; Coordinator, Caritas-Liban in South Lebanon; served several Dioceses at various villages and counties in Lebanon; ordained Archbishop of the Maronite Rite in Saida (29.12.2005- ). Addr.: Maronite Archbishopric, Saida, South Lebanon and Maronite Patriarchate, Bkerke.

NASRALLAH (Philippe, Wadi'), Chemist (retired), company chairman. Born on 8 Apr. 1925 at Zahlé (Lebanon). Son of Wadi' Nasrallah and Mrs., née Emilie Jreissati. Married in 1957 to Miss Emily Abi Rached, Novelist, 4 children: Ramzi, Maha, Khalil, Mona. Educ.: American University of Beirut, California Polytechnic (USA), Stanford University (USA). Dipl.: B.Sc., M.Sc. (Chemistry, Poultry). Career: Vice-President manager of "Unifood-United Foods s.a.l", founder, former managing Director: Wadi Poultry group of Companies, Egypt, Jordan Poultry Breed Co., Amman, founder and former president of "Chemists Syndicate of Lebanon", founder and former vice-president "World's Poultry Science Association" of Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Verdun Str., Ain el-Tineh, Osman

NASSAR (Nabil T.), Physician. Born 1939 in Lebanon. Son of Tamer Nassar (teacher) and Margueritte Kamaz. Married 1983 in Beirut to Maria Haskamp, two daughters, Nadine and Patricia. Educ.: International College, Beirut; American University of Beirut, School of Arts & Sciences and School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. Dipl.: M.D., M.P.H. Career: Currently Professor of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Medical Director of the newly established Executive Health and Travel Center at AUB Medical 268

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Center. Director of University Health Services AUB (1970-95). Member: Fellow of the American College of Physicians (FACP), Fellow of the Royal Society of Health (F.R.S.H). Prof. Addr.: AUB Tel.: 01-350000, 749229 (Office) and 01-374374 ext. 5800 (Clinic). Priv. Addr.: AUB Campus, Tel.: 01-350528, Fax: 01-365168, P.O.Box: 11-0236 Riad el-Solh 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon.

Comfort, Brasilia Str., Brasilia Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 05450995, Lebanon and Kousba, Tel.: 06-510148, Lebanon. NASSAR (Sami, M.D.), Neurosurgeon. American University of Beirut Medical Center. Born on June 28, 1931 in Beirut. Son of Dr. Ibrahim Nassar (Surgeon) and Mrs., Alice Kurani. Married on Apr. 14, 1962 in Beirut to Miss Sumaya Kurani, 3 children. Education: Bachelor in Science (B.Sc.) American University 1952; Doctor in Medicine M.D. American University Medical Center 1959. Diplomate, American Board neurological Surgery. Fellow American of Surgeons. Career: (1959-62): Resident in General Surgery, American University Medical Center; (1963-67): Resident in Neurological Surgery, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center; (196977): Clinical Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery, American University Medical Center; (1977-Present): Clinical Associate Professor of Neurological Surgery; (1992-97): Head, Division of Neurosurgery, American University Medical Center. Works: A number of Sscientific publications in Neurological Sciences notably on Spinal cord and brain tumor pathology. Member: of the Lebanese medical Association; Member of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Active member of the American Association of Neurological Surgery; Member of the American College of Surgeons; President of the Lebanse Neurosurgical Society (1980 to 1984). Hobbies: Music and gardening. Sports: Swimming and hicking. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Tel.: 01-341310, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Zinnia Bldg., Makdisi Str., Ras Beirut, Tel.: 01-345070, Lebanon.

NASSAR (Riyad F.), Former President, Lebanese American University (LAU) previously (BUC). Born in 1934 in Monsef. Son of Farid Assaf Nassar and Mrs. Melia Mansour. Married to Hellen-Anne Ghosn, 4 children: Nada (1961), Ziad (1962), Ghada (1966), Ruba (1970). Educ.: American University of Beirut, Georgia Institute of Technology. Dipl.: BA 1957, MA 1959 Chemistry (AUB), Ph.D. Organic Chemistry (Georgia Institute of Technology) 1965, Honorary Doctorate of Law from New England College 1988. Career: Assistant Instructor of Chemistry (Georgia Inst. ofTech.) 1959-60; Asst. Prof. BUC 1965-67); Ass. Prof. 1967-75, Prof. 1975, Chairman of Natural Science Div. 1969-70; Lecturer at Lebanese University 1966-71; Dean of the BUC 1971-82; President of BUC-LAU( 1982-2004). Other Information: Served in different teaching and administrative posts and Councils, served as a member in several national and international Associations, participated and lectured in several national and international conferences and workshops. Member of: Association of American International Colleges and Universities (AAICU) - USA; American Management Association (AMA) - USA; Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) - USA; European Association of International Education (EAIE) - USA; National Center for Non-profit Boards (NCNB) - USA. Sports; Walking, swimming, hunting, fishing. Hobbies: Reading, gardening. Clubs: Member of Lebanese Syndicate of Chemists, Byblos Rotary Club, Monsef Municipality, Honorary Member of Monsef Sporting Club, Honorary President, Monsef National School Alumni Association, Trustee of Aley National College, Member of International Association of Business Leaders. Credit Cards: Golden American Express Card, Golden Visa. Prof. Addr.: LAU, P.O.Box 13-5053, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: 01-867618/9, 09-547262. Priv. Addr.: Monsef, Jbeil, Tel.: 09-790350, Lebanon.

NASSER (Jacques, Georges), Academic. Born in 1916 at Qalhat (North Lebanon). Son of Georges Nasser and Mrs., née Hélène Melki. Married to Miss Dola Ghosn, 1 child: Georges. Educ.: Higher Engineering School of Beirut, University of Paris (La Sorbonne). Dipl.: B.Sc. (civil engineering), Doctorate (Eng., from La Sorbonne). Career. Civil engineer attached to "Société d'Etudes et de travaux" (1938); joined Tripoli Municipality, (1941-45); in charge of studies at "Société d'Etudes et de Précédés de Construction", Paris (1946-59); consultant engineer at Beirut Municipality (1950-53), private practice since 1950; expert on the panel of law courts, expert "Banque du Crédit Agricole, Industriel et Foncier" (1953), member National Reconstruction Board (1956-60); professor of engineering at the American University of Beirut (1955); former dean of Faculty of Fine Arts, Lebanese University. Act.: produced a number of studies on concrete for private and public buildings in Lebanon and the Arab World, various arbitrations and expert surveys. Member: Unesco International Commission, Work Group for the drafting of the 1st International Code of concrete, Rotary club of Beirut since 1955. Hobby: Classical music. Priv. Addr.: Abdel Wahab al-Inglizi Str., Georges Haddad Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.· 01-

NASSAR (Salim, Said), Journalist. Born in 1930 at Kousba (Lebanon). Son of Said Nassar (Proprietor) and Mrs., née Najibeh Zaidan. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. (journalism). Career: Journalist, subeditor "Arab Week Magazine" (1955), editor "asSayyad" weekly (1956-61), editor "as-Safa" daily (196270), former public relations officer of GESCO S.A.L. (1956). Pubi.: Author of "Au Croisement" (Short Story, 1960), "Médaille sur le Visage". Member: International Group of Journalists. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Travelling, literature. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, near Hotel

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 Sports Association; Vice-President, Amicale des Anciens Elèves des Frères; Member and Treasurer, al-Makassed Association. Hobby: Shooting. Priv. Addr.: Zarif, Caracol Druze, Talaat Harb Str., Talgeht Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-371655, Beirut, Lebanon.

322323, Beirut, Lebanon. NASSIF (Raif), Academic. Born in Lebanon. Educ.: American Univesity of Beirut, specialization at Pennsylvania University (1954-55), hospital administration training at Yale University (1964-65). Dipl.: M.D., specialization in pathology. Career: on the teaching staff of A U B since 1951, chief of chemical pathology section (1957), vice-dean and acting director of the Faculty of Medicine (1966-67), director of the said faculty (since Oct. 1967), vice-dean Faculty of Sciences and Arts and the Faculty of Medical Sciences at AUB. Prof. Addr.: American University, Bliss Str., Tel.: 01340740, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Mme Curie/Tabbarah Str., Anouti Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01-864911, 811986, Beirut, Lebanon.

NAUFAL (Emile), Former Member of Parliament, Businessman. Born in 1949 at Tarchiche, Jbeil. Married to Aline Jerjes Sadek, 6 children: one son, five daughters. Career: Businessman, Contractor, Elected Deputy (19962000). Addr.: Jbeil, Mahatta/Chemin de Fer, Nadim Saliba Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 09-944869, 949454, Lebanon. NAUFAL (Sami), Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (PDG) of Librairies Antoine S.A.L. Born in 1948 in Beirut. Son of Pierre Naufal and Sumaya Khauli. Married on 12/8/70 to Zalpha Fahoum, 2 children, Sany (1972) and Maissa (1977). Education: Lycée Français, International College, Beirut, American University of Beirut (Bachelor of Arts /economics), University of London (Master of Sciences /economics), INSEAD (MBA). Career: Founding Partner of Johnstone Naufal Associates N.A., executive search firm; Messageries du Moyen Orient SAL, Assistant General Manager; Naufal Publishers: General Manager; Macdonald Middle East: General Manager; Groupe Naufal Europe sari, Paris, General Manager; Librairies Antoine SAL: Chairman and CEO. Sports: Tennis. Business Address: Librairie Antoine, Head Office, Sin El Fil, P.O.Box 11-0656, tel: +3611-483513. E-mail: [email protected]. Private Address: Naufal Building, Souraty street, RasBeirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

N A S S I F (Suleiman), Chairman and director of companies. Born in 1937 at Dayr al-Kamar (Lebanon). Son of Nasri Nassif and Mrs., née Angèle Abrass. Educ.: American University of Beirut, University of Fribourg, Switzerland. Dipl.: B.A. from AUB, Doctorate (Econ.) from Fribourg University. Career: manager "Société Libanaise d'Importation et d'Exportation", board chairman "Hammeh Co." and "Land Development Co.", S.A. Pubi.: author of a number of books, including "Lebanese Economic Progress", "Hammeh in History", "The Concept of Leadership in Greek and Renaissance Thinking", "Oil and its Effect on the Economy of the Middle East". Sports: Tennis, swimming. Priv. Addr.: Clemenceau Str., Tel.: 01-367331/32, Beirut, Lebanon. Verdun Str., opposite Gendarmerie, Nassif Suleiman Bldg., 4th floor, Tel.: 01-810630, Lebanon.

NAZARIAN (Arthur), Former Minister of Tourism and Environment, Industrialist and Tradesman. Born in 1951 in Beirut, Lebanon. Married to Tamar Kaladjian, 3 boys.Educ.: Secondary: International College, University: Higher Study (U.S.A.). Dipl.: Diploma in Textiles Engineering (U.S.A.). Career: Owner several Est. and Companies in the Gulf; has Social Activities and is the Treasurer at the Benevolent Armenian Association; Appointed Minister of Tourism and Environment (Dec. 1998-2001). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

NATOUR (Misbah, Ibrahim), Engineer. Born on 7 Feb. 1925 in Beirut. Son of Ibrahim Natour (merchant) and Mrs., née Chafica Hammoud. Married in 1951, 3 children: Riad, Aida and Bilal. Educ.: Collège des Frères du Sacré-Coeur (1933-43); Ecole Française d'Ingénieurs Beirut (1943-47); Ecole Supérieures d'Electricité - Paris (1947-49). Dipl.: Β.Sc. (Civil Engineer); Electrical Engineer. Career: Engineer, Assistant to Chief of Production Service, Beirut Electricity Office (1950-55); Chief, Public Transport Service and Electrical Tramways of Beirut (1955-59); Chief Production Service, Electricity Office (1960-70); Director General (interim), Electricity of Lebanon (1967-70); Chairman,Executive Council of Big Projects (1970-74); Chief, Production Service, Electricity of Lebanon (1974-80); Director General, Electricity of Lebanon (1980-90); Member of the Board, Lebanese State Railways and Public Transport, Beirut and Suburbs (since 1963). Act.: Equipment of Beirut Diesel Power Station, equipment conducts and turbines completing Reshmaya Power Station and equipment of Shamoun Power Station at Zouk Mikael, study of tramway replacement by motor coaches. President and founder, Lebanon Electricity

N E E M A (Pierre, Chucri), Architect. Born in 1931 in Cairo, Egypt. Son of Chucri Neema (Administrative Manager) and Mrs., née Claire Cottan. Married in 1954 at Colombes (France) to Miss Odette Chevalier, 5 children: Claire, Frederic, Pascal, Dominique and Jean-Christophe. Educ.: Collège des Frères, Cairo; Ecole Nationale Supérieures des Beaux Arts, Paris. Diploma: Architecte D.P.L.G. (1958). Career: Practice in France (1953-61); CETA Group (1962-73); Partner with Dar el-Handasah Lebanon - Algeria (1973-78); private practice Lebanon Arab Countries (since 1978); Dean of Architecture at

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ALBA; professor of Architecture at ALBA (since 1964), professor of Architecture at INBA (Lebanese University) (1968-72). Work: Constructed Maison de l'Artisan (1963), Electricité du Liban, Main Bldg., Nahr Str. (1968), Centre Verdun (Concorde) (1970), Centre Sofil (Audi Group) (1984), ABC Superstore Dbaye 1990, Presidential Palace Baabda 1993, Bois des Pins-Tayyoune, Beirut 1995, Tilal Beirut-Ashrafieh, Residential Tower 1998, Carried out several important Projects (New Towns, Universities, Hospitals etc.) in Algeria and Arab Countries in Partnership with Dar al-Handassah and ACE Group. Member: of Order of Engineers and Architects Beirut (Former president of Architectural Section), of Order of Architects of Paris, of Committee of APSAD (Association pour la Protection des Sites et Anciennes Demeures). Award: Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques of France. Prof. Addr.: Abdalla el-Khoury Bldg., 5th floor (near C.N.S.S.). Badaro Str., Tel.: 386829, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Sami Solh Str., facing Philips, Rahal Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 01-396344, Beirut, Lebanon. NEHME (Moustapha, Moussa), Chemical Engineer. Born in 1929 at Zibdine (Lebanon). Son of Moussa Nehmé and Mrs., née Mariam Kobeissi. Married on 19 Apr. 1958 to Miss Eliane Montmartin, 3 children: Salim, Adeline and Laila. Educ.: French Lycée of Beirut, Lyon University (France). Dipl.: B.Sc. (chemical engineering) from the Higher School of Industrial Chemistry of Lyon (1955), Ph.D. (engineering) from Lyon University (1960). Career: researcher (1955-62) at the National Center of Scientific Research (C.N.R.S.) (France) specialized in organometallic compounds and catalytic systems; professor (1962-93) of general, inorganic and coordination chemistry at Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University; board member (1963-93) of the National Council for Scientific Research (N.C.S.R.). Parallel and occasional activities: Research on stereospecific polymerization at Imperial College of Science and Technology (London), President of the Board of "Middle-Eastern Regional Radioisotope Center for the Arab Countries", UNESCO consultant in Research and Development in charge of mission to Central Africa, consultant in water pollution and analysis at Val-de-Marne County (France). Pubi.: author of scientific papers published in "Chemistry and Industry" and "Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France", of a book on "Wild Flowers of Lebanon" published by N.C.S.R. in Arabic, English and French between 1979 and 1980, and of "Dictionnaire Etymologique de la Flore du Liban" published by Librairie du Liban in 2000. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Photography, wild flowers, botanical lexicography. Addr.: (1) 46 Shuf Str., Caracol Druze, Tel.: +961-1-369622, Beirut, Lebanon; (2) 16 rue Le Bouvier, 92340 Bourg-laReine, Tel.: +33145465316, France, e-mail: [email protected].

NERSES NERSES (BEDROS XIX, H.B.), Catholicos Patriarch of Cilicia of the Armenian Catholics. Born in Cairo, Egypt, Jan. 17, 1940, he is the 5th of a family of 8 children. Educ.: He has done his primary and secondary studies in "Les Collèges des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes" in Cairo. Feeling very early the vocation for priesthood, he was sent to "Collège Pontifical Léonien Arménien de Rome" in 1958, where he studied Philosophy and Theology at "Université Pontificale Grégorienne". Career: His was ordained priest in Cairo on Aug. 15, 1965 by His Excellency Msgr Raphael Bayan. He served the parish of the Armenian Catholic Cathedral in Cairo from 1965 to 1968 with the R. Father Hovannes Kasparian who became Catholicos Patriarch under the name of Hovannes Bedros XVIII in 1982. From 1968 till 1990, he became pastor of the parish of Heliopolis (Cairo), where he encouraged the various religious movements. On Feb. 18,1990, he was consecrated bishop of the Eparchy (Diocese) of Alexandria for the Armenian Catholics of Egypt and Sudan by His Beatitude Hovannes Bedros XVIII. From 1992 to 1997, as a member of the Catholic Hierarchy of Egypt, he occupied the position of Secretary General of the Pastoral Council of the Catholic Church of Egypt. On Oct. 7, 1999, he was elected Catholicos Patriarch of Cilicia of the Armenian Catholics by the Bishops of the Saint Synod of the Armenian Catholic Church, and was named Nersès Bédros XIX. He was enthroned on Oct. 24 the same year. He received the Ecclesiastical Communion from His Holiness Pope John Paul II on Dec. 13,1999. As a member of the Synod of the Bishops of the Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Church, he became successively: Member of the Council of the Bishops of the Patriarchal Curia from 1993 to 1995; President of the Patriarchal Commission for the Vocations from 1993 to 1995; Member of the Permanent Synod from 1994 to 1999. Other Information: During his 6 years of office, His Beatitude has made pastoral visits to the following countries: Melbourne and Sydney in Australia, Poland, Sweden, Jordan, Ukraine and Iran, Kessab and Aleppo in Syria, Jerusalem, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentine in Latin America. He has also boosted the Armenian catholic schools and has encouraged the media, especially by reediting the monthly magazine "Massis" and by republishing the bulletin for the Sunday celebrations. On Oct. 7, 2001, on request of His Beatitude and on the occasion of the 1700th anniversary of the Christening (Baptism) of Armenia, the archbishop of Mardine Ignace Maloyan, martyr of the Armenian genocide of 1915, was proclaimed Blessed by His Holiness Pope John Paul II at St. Peter's Square in Rome. In Feb. 2002, His Beatitude Catholicos Patriarch sent the first parish priest to Moscow in order to begin a new mission among the Armenian Catholics in Russia, following the opening in 1991 of missions in Armenia and Georgia. Addr.: Armenian Catholic Patriarchate, Hospital Orthodox Str., Geitawi, Tel.: 01570555/8, Beirut, Lebanon.

NICOLAS

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

NICOLAS (Nabil, Sabeh), Dentist, Member of Parliament. Born on Sept. 14, 1950 in Antelias, Lebanon. Married to Catherine Milane, 3 children: Anne-Laure, Nayla and Nabil. Educ.: Marseilles University (France), Paris II University. Dipl.: Diploma in Dentistry (1976). Career: Dentist; founder of the Lebanese and French Doctors Association; Former Member of Dentists Association Surgery, Paris IX; Elected Deputy of Metn (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

University Dental School, Beirut: (Doctor of Dental Surgery degree); University of Paris VII, Paris, France: Oral Biology Advanced Certificate; University of Paris Vl/Pierre and Marie Curie, Institute of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Paris: Oral Surgery Advanced Certificate;Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A.: Clinical Fellow in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Fellow in oral and maxillofacial pain, Laboratory of Orofacial Physiology (Professor A. Woda), University of Auvergne-Clermont I, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Clermont-Ferrand, France;Fellow in orofacial anatomy, University of Paris VII Dental School (Professor P. Carpentier);Fellow in Oral Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. Career: (1985-92): Clinical Instructor and Lecturer in Oral Surgery, Skull Anatomy .and Pain Control, Lebanese University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Beirut; (1993-94): Oral Surgery Clinic Chief, Lecturer and Dissection Demonstrator, St. Joseph University Dental School, Beirut; Certified, Specialist in Oral Surgery, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut; Quoted in the "International Who's Who in Medicine" (U.K.); Former Journalist at "an-Nahar" and "Nahar Achabab", Beirut; Television Host, producer and editor: Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC) Lebanon, 1986-91 - Mashreq Television, Lebanon, 1993 - Channel 33 (C33), 1995-96, Lebanon -LBCI and LBC SAT, (19962001) - Anchor, Murr Television (MTV), (2001-02) Anchor and Senior Producer, Al Hourra Television, Virginia, USA since 2004; 40 local and international lectures in dentistry, oral medicine/surgery/implantology, 3 international papers published. Editorial Board Member, "Dental News" journal, Beirut, (1994-99): Chairperson, Scientific Committee, Lebanese Dental Association, Beirut, (2001-03); Senior Lecturer in Oral Anatomy /Biology/Medicine/Surgery and Member, Scientific Committee, Lebanese University School of Dentistry, Beirut, Lebanon (since 1985). Sports: Former Lebanon Tennis Table Champion, Tennis, Jogging. Member: Lebanese Dental Association, French Society of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery (SFMBCB), American College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (FACOMS). Fellow, International College of Dentists (FICD), International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (FIAOMS). Awards: Gold Medal ûf the Lebanese Dental Association. Prof. Addr.: Sodeco Square Center, Block C, 6th floor, Tel.: +961-1-612649, +961-3-483893, P.O.Box 166496 Ashrafieh, Beirut 11002130, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Dr. Fouad Noujeim Bldg., Faytroun, Main Road, Kesrwan, Lebanon. E-mail: [email protected].

NIMER (Rami R. el-), Banker. Born in 1956 in Nablus. Son of Rifa'at S. el-Nimer (Banker) and Mrs. Rabiha Masri el-Nimer. Married in Beirut 1980 to Melek Tansever el-Nimer, 2 children: Nour, Rifaat. Educ.: International College Beirut, Lebanon; American College of Switzerland - Leysin; Adelphi University - New York. Dipl.: AA (1977), BA (1978), MS (1981). Career: Training - Chemical Bank London (1979); Training Chemical Bank New York (1980); Banque Beyrouth pour le Commerce S.A.L. (1982-98), Board Member Byblos Bank S.A.L. (1998-2002); President Director General, First Bank SAL (2002-). Work: Deputy General Manager - Banque Beyrouth pour le Commerce S.A.L.; Deputy Chairman - Banque Beyrouth pour le Commerce S.A.L.; Chairman - General Manager - Beirut Building Company. Sports: Squash, swimming. Hobbies: Reading, fishing. Credit Card: Mastercard. Prof. Addr.: First National Bank S.A.L., P.O.Box 113-5453, Beirut, Lebanon. NIMER (Rifa'at S. el-), Banker. Born in 1918 in Nablus. Son of Sidqi el-Nimer (Land owner) and Mrs. Ghanima Haj Mohamad el-Nimer. Married in 1944 in Nablus to Rabiha Masri el-Nimer, 3 children: Reem, Rami, Rana. Educ.: Najah National College - Nablus; American University of Cairo (AUC) Cairo - Egypt; Cairo University (Formerly King Fouad I University) Cairo - Egypt. Dipl.: High School, B.A. - Commercial Studies. Career: Manager/ Arab Bank (1947-57); Bank of Riyadh (195759), Cairo Bank Kingdom of S.A. (1959-62), Area Manager Saudi National Commercial Bank (1962-64); Chairman-Director, Arab Federate Bank -Beirut (196471); Chairman-General Manager, Banque Beyrouth pour Ie Commerce S.A.L. (BBC) (1972-98). Hobby: Reading. Credit Card: Mastercard. Prof. Addr.: P.O.Box 113-6374 Hamra, Beirut, Tel.: 01-346422, 745657, Fax: 01-343398, 745887, Lebanon. NOUJEIM (Ziad), Oral Surgeon, University Professor, Journalist, Television Anchor and Medical Communicator. Born on Nov. 2, 1958, Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Dr. Fouad Elias Noujeim (Physician) and Eva Rouhana Cordahi. Educ.: Institut Moderae du Liban (IML) - Père Michel Khalifé, Fanar, Lebanon: Lebanese Baccalaureate, Experimental Science. St. Joseph

NOUR (Elie, Georges), Barrister. Born in 1918 at Batroun (Lebanon). Son of Georges Nour (M.D.) and Mrs., née Mariana Fakhoury. Educ.: Sacred-Heart College, St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B.,

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NUCHO

LL.D. Career: Barrister since 1939, creator of the World Masonic rite Nour M M M (Moses, Messiah, Mohamed), founder of the Great Arab Orient. Award: Commdr., Patriarch Cross of St. Peter the Apostle of the Primitive church. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Saint Louis Str., Beirut, Lebanon.

Beirut, Lebanon. N U C H O (Charles, Nami), M.D. Born in 1916 in Beirut. Son of Nami Nucho (M.D.) and Mrs., née Adèle Machaalani. Married on 26 Feb. 1946 to Miss Winifred White, 4 children: Roger, Ramsay, Adele and Grace. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. - M.D. (1944), specialization in chest diseases at Columbia University, New York and at Trudeau School, New York (1946). Career: M.D., lecturer in internal diseases at AUB since 1950, director Hamlin Hospital, Hammana; member of the board of directors of: A.B.C, stores, also of "Arabia Insurance Co. Ltd." and of YMCA, Beirut; chairman "Christian Medical Association of the Near East", director "Y.M.C.A.", of Beirut. Award: Gold medal, Lebanese Order of Merit. Member: American College of Chest Physicians, USA, American Thoracic Society since 1947, and International Union Against Tuberculosis. Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Photography, music. Prof. Addr.: Hamlin Hospital, Hammana, Tel.: 05-570004, 530709, 03753039, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Nucho Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

NOURBATLIAN (Vatché, Dr.), Former Ambassador of Lebanon to Thailand (1994). Born in 1950 in Lebanon. Son of Negib Hovhannes, Moukhtar of Bourj-Hammod and Mrs., née Angele Batakian. Married in 1979 to Sona Kurdian, 2 children: Marie Ange, Georges Michael. Educ.: Mekhitarist Fathers (Hazmieh) Lebanese University, Paris IV Sorbonne, USEK. Dipl.: Master Degree in Philosophy & French Literature, Ph.D. in Human Sciences (Political Philosophy & Sociology). Career: Professor of Philosophy & Political Sociology at the U.L. & the USEK until 1994; Ambassador at the Central Administration Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1994); former Ambassador of Lebanon to Thailand. Other Information: Head of Lebanese Delegation to the 12th Asian Meeting of the ILO held in Bangkok (1997). Addr.:

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OBEID

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 America Str., Immobilia Bldg., Tel.: 01-367788, Beirut, Lebanon. OGHASSABIAN (Jean), Deputy, Minister. Born on Feb. 17, 1954 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Lottile Oghassabian (Tailor) and Mrs., née Elize Moumdjian. Married on Sept. 7, 1980 to Miss Nadia Nicolas Jelwan, one daughter: Rita. Educ.: (1960-73): Secondary certificate Champville; (1974-77): Military school Fayadieh; (1979): B.A. in social studies at the Lebanese University; Followed military courses abroad: Jordan, Germany, U.S.A., and France; (1995): Course in Administration & Budget science at U.S.A. Languages: French, Arabic, English, Armenian. Profession: Has been promoted during military service to hold the rank of Colonel; Trained under graduated officers in military school; Has been in charge of president's security team and presidential security for 8 years (1991-99); Has been appointed as assistant commander of presidential guard after the diction of president Emile Lahoud; Has resigned on Feb. 3, 2000 for the purpose being candidate to the parliamentary election for the year 2000; Has been elected Member of Parliament in 3 Sept. 2000; Has been elected as a Member in the Superior Council for Condemning Presidents and Ministers, as well as Environmental, Foreign, Interior and Defence Parliamentarian Committees; Appointed Minister of State for Administrative Reform(2004-to date).Awards: Knight, National Order of Cedar; Lebanese Order of Merit (2nd degree); War Order (four times); Casualties Order (two times); Honorary South Order; National Unity Order; Military Honorary Order; Italian Order of Merit; Légion d'Honneur Rio Branco Brazil!. Sports: Tennis, swimming. Hobbies: Theatre, reading, sports. Clubs: Member in Mtayleb Country Club. Prof. Addr.: Minister of Administrative Reform, Minet el Hosn, Starco Str., Starco Bldg., 5th Floor, Tel.: 01-371507/508, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Bayyada, Cornet Chehwan, E-Mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

O OBEID (Jean), Former Minister, former Deputy. Born in 1939 at Alma (Zghorta). Married to Miss Loubna Emile Boustani, 5 children. Educ.: Ecole des Frères (Tripoli), Pères Carmélites, Official Secondary School (Tripoli), St. Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. (St. Joseph University). Career: Lawyer, Journalist, "alOusbouh al-Arabi", "Magazine" (1959), "Lissan ul-Hal" (1960), "As-sayad", "al-Ahrar" and "al-Anwar" (1966), later Politician; Adviser to late President Elias Sarkis, and President Amine Gemayel on Syrian and Arab Affairs (1982); Appointed Deputy (1991), elected Deputy (1992 re-elected in 1996-2005); Rapporteur in the Parliamentary foreign affairs Committee (1992); Minister of State (1993May 1995); Minister of National Education, Youths and Sports (Nov. 1996-98 and 2000); Minister of Foreign Affairs (2003-2004). Prof. Addr.: Sin el Fil, Horch Tabet, Centre Ivoire, 4th Floor, Tel.: 01-490777, Lebanon. Tripoli: Tel.: 06-610710/11/12, North Lebanon. OBEID (Muhammad, Hussein), Civil Servant. Born on Nov. 2, 1960 in Jibchit. Married to Miss Raya Hani Fahs, one daughter. Dipl.: Diploma in Information. Career: Joined "Amai" Party, information chief (198892), Director General, Ministry of Information (1993-99). Prof. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

OLABI (Ahmad), Writer and retired Professor at the Lebanese University. Born on June 1, 1936 in Beirut. Son of Souheil Olabi, deceased, who was a tradesman and Masarra Olabi, deceased, she had the Coran memorized. Married in 1967, divorced in 1985, 2 sons: Ammar (1970), Ph.D. in Food Science from U.S.A. and professor at A.U.B.; Waddah (1972), working in banking sector. Educ.: Lycée Français de Beyrouth; Faculty of Arts at the Lebanese University; University St.Joseph. Dipl.: Bachelor in Arabic Literature and History; Ph.D. in Arabic Literature (1984). Career: Professor in High School (1960-90); Professor in Faculty of Arts in the Lebanese University (1990-2000). Pubi.: He has published in 2005, fifteen books in Literature, studies and Islamic history. He has wrote hundreds of articles in Lebanese Press and he is still doing it. Awards: Medal from Cultural Committee of

OBEID (Sami, Jabra), Surgeon. Born in 1924 in Beirut. Son of Jabra Obeid (M.D.) and Mrs., née Maria Farra. Married in 1951 to küss Rosette Zacharia, 4 children: Kamal, Lina, Ramzi and Jihad. Educ.: American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. (1945), M.D. (1949), specialization in surgery (1949-54) at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center and Delafield Hospital, New York (1954-57). Career: M.D., Surgeon, Former Professor of Surgery at AUB. Pubi.: Author of "Congenital Cyst of the Common Bile Duct", "Biopsy of the Apex of the Axilla in Carcinoma of the Breast". Member: American Board of Surgery (1957); Fellow of American College of Surgeons (1960), of Medical Syndicate of Lebanon, of Alumni club of Beirut. Sports: Tennis, swimming. Hobby: Classical music. Priv. Addr.:

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OSSEIKAN

Southern Lebanon (2004); Decoration from Internal Security Forces (2004); The Laureate of Lebanon in creation (literature branch) (2005), Makhzoumi Foundation. Sports Practiced: Walking. Hobbies: Reading, hearing music, appreciating fine arts. Clubs and Associations: Friends of Nature. Priv. Addr.: 46 Sinno & Dabbous bldg., 80 Chouf Str., 40 Zarif section, Beirut 2040-6513. Tel.: 01/369434; 03/312034.

circles in Beirut, 1962, Dar al-Talia'; "The Empty City" (al madina al farigha) Description of superficiality in Beirut and expressing a sense of emptiness and absurdity, a wave reflecting the effect of existentialism, sorrow, and moral frustration, 1966, Dar al-Hayat; "The Birds of Dawn" (asafir al fajr) Effect of the 1967 was with Israel in three Arab capitals: Beirut, Amman and Jerusalem, stress on the world of Palestinian refugees, 1968, Dar al Talia'; "The Serpent Line" (Khat af afaa') Probably the only "lived" account of Palestinian Commandos equating them to freedom fighters, called in Arabic "feeddayeen", events take place in the Valley of Jordan where their bases were first implanted, 1968, Dar al-Fath; "The Citadel of Osta" (Kalaat al osta) The first lived account of the breakout of war in Lebanon. Osta means in Arabic the title given to Sudanese master cooks. He was killed in our villa, 1979, Dar an-Nahar, Translated to French by Marie Therese Arbid, Editions Galillée, Paris; "The Stone Bridge" (jisr al hajar) Life account witnessed and lived in South Lebanon in villages bordering the "Security Belt" which is composed of a number of Lebanese Villages occupied by Israelis during the 1978 Israeli invasion, 1981, Sharikat al Matboua't; "The Break" (al istiraha) Nostalgic comparison between life in Southern France and war life in Beirut with the determination of making the final decision of returning to Beirut no matter what happens, 1984, Sharikat al Matboua't; "Coloured Ribbons" (sharait moulawana) Autobiographical excerpts, 1994, Dar Riyyad al-Rayyes; "A Bird From The Moon" (ta'er min al Kamar), 1996, Dar an-Nahar; "Dialogue without words: The Coma" (hiwar bila kalimat: al ghaybouba), 1998, Center for Translation and Edition, al-Ahram Institute Cairo, Egypt. Personal account of a patient's strugle during coma. Priv. Addr.: Bir Hassan, behind Ancient T.V. al-Mashrek, Amine el-Hafez Bldg., 1st floor, P.O.Box 11/4355, Tel.: 961-1-852831, 852226, Beirut, Lebanon and Tripoli, Abou Samra Square, Tel.: 06-431115, Tripoli, Lebanon.

ORTIGA (Arturo Puente), Ambassador of Mexico to Lebanon. Born on Apr. 5, 1952. Educ.: Master in Law from the Houston University, Texas. Languages: Spanish and English. Career: Consul in Texas, Houston (1987-88); Consul in St. Louis (1997-2001); General Consul in New Orleans (2001-02); Ambassador of Mexico to Lebanon (2002-). Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Mexico, New Naccache, Imm. 90 Mansour Bldg., 321, rue Principale, Secteur 2, rue 53, P.O.Box 70-1150 (Antelias), Lebanon. OSSEIRAN (Ali, Adel), Former Minister, Deputy. Born on Aug. 6, 1947 in Saida. Son of Adel Osseiran (former Speaker of Lebanon) and Mrs., née Souad alKhalil. Married to Miss Sara Agha Ja'far, 4 children. Educ.: University of Maryland, U.S.A. Dipl.: B.Sc. in Political Sciences and Economics. Career: Agriculturalist, Deputy for South Lebanon - Zahrani District (1992 reelected in 1996 to date), Minister of State (1992-95). Addr.: P.O.Box 59 Sidon, Tel.: 07-720350, 720841, 722626; Tel.: Beirut: 343740, 640170, Lebanon. OSSEIRAN EL HAFEZ (Leila), Writer, woman of letters. Born in Saida (1934) from one of the old Lebanese families, with a leading political and agricultural position in South Lebanon. Married to Dr. Amine el-Hafez former Prime Minister - former member of Parliament and Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee. One son: Ramzi. Educ.: Received secondary education at the American College for Girls (Cairo), continued education at the American University of Beirut where she was an active and distinguished student in national, artistic, and cultural activities. Graduated in 1954 with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. Speaks and writes fluently in Arabic and English. Can easily express herself in French. Professional Background: Started her life as a journalist in a number of Arab and Lebanese publications. She conducted several interviews with prominent political figures of the Arab world during the second half of the fifties, then gradually turned to literary writings, especially short stories. She then settled on novel writing. Her books are widely spread. She has written eleven books as of this date. Pubi.: Author of many articles: "We Will Not Die Tomorrow" (lan namout ghadan) Self discovery, identifying liberation with intellectual, artistic and national development, 1960, Dar al-Talia'; "The Mute Dialogue" (al hiwar al akhrass) Description of social and political

OSSEIRAN (Majed), M.D. Urologist. Born on Feb. 3, 1944 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Dr. Fouad Osseiran M.D. and Mrs., née Faiza Dagher. Married in 1969 in Spain to Raquel Samper, 2 children: Faiza (25.5.1970), Firas (25.5.1974). Educ.: International College Beirut, Medical School, University of Valencia - Spain. Dipl.: M.D. - Urologist; Assistant Professor Urology Department, University of Valencia - Spain. Career: Medical School 1974, Urologist 1978. Other Information: Honorary General Consul of Spain in Saida/Nabatieh, Lebanon. Sports: Tennis, jogging. Hobby: Cross Words. Clubs: Valencia Football Club. Credit Cards: Visa Card: Prof. Addr.: Complex Hospitaller du Sud, Saida, Lebanon, Tel.: 07-720111, 730962/3/4/5. Priv. Addr.: Maarouf Saad Str., Zantout Bldg., Tel.: 07-725411, Saida, Lebanon.

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OSSEIRAN

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

OSSEIRAN (Sam eh, Rached), Lawyer. Born in 1924 in Saida. Son of Rached Osseiran. Educ.: Université de Lauzanne, Swisse. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer in Beirut, elected deputy for Nabatieh (1960 and 1968), chairman Public Works Parliamentary Commission. Prof. Addr.: Saida, Abra, Tel.: 07-720129, Saida, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Abra al-Jadida, Hilaliya Str., Mroueh Bldg., Tel.: 07-720898, Saida, South Lebanon.

Secretariat General of the "Société Arabe pour la Traduction" (Beirut); Member of Secrétariat Gênerai of "Arab Cultural Council" (Beirut). Pubi.: Author of Several articles and books. In Arabic: "Le discours historiographique: Méthodologie d'Ibn Khaldoun" (Rabat 1979-Beirut 1997); "Réformisme arabe et Etat national" (Beirut, 1985); "Patrimoine et dépassement" (Casablanca, 1986); "La Pensée arabe et le droit à la différence" (Rabat, 1990); "Pouvoir intellectuel et pouvoir politique" (Beirut, 1996); "Globalisation et démocratie" (Amman, 1998); "Ali Oumlil et la pensée politique arabe contemporaine" (Cairo, 2002). In French: "L'Histoire et son discours" (Rabat, 1979); "Islam et Etat national" (Casablanca, 1988). Decor: Prize of the Book (Morocco, 1988). Addr.: Embassy of Morocco, Bir Hassan, United Nations Str., near UNIFIL, Tel.: 01-859851, 859828, Fax: 01-859839, Beirut, Lebanon.

OSSEIRAN (Zouheir), Journalist, man of letters. Born in 1914 at Sidon, Lebanon. Educ.: al-Makassed College of Sidon, University of Geneva. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Journalist, former of "al-Hadaf' newspaper, former president Lebanese Press Association (1966-67), former president Higher Press Council, owner "alKawkab" newspaper. Awards: Officer, al-Rafidain Order of Iraq; Medal of Moroccan Throne. Member: Beirut Club. Sport: Swimming. Priv. Addr.: Mar Elias Str., Talaat Hamaoui Roastry, Riyad Bldg., 7th floor, Tel.: 01300913, 700313, 03-437128, Beirut, Lebanon.

OUSSEIMI (Khaled, Mouhamad), Financier. Born on 13 Oct., 1928 at Damascus. Son of Muhammad Pasha Ousseimi and Mrs., née Mariam Mahmoud. Married to Miss Raja' al-Azme, 2 children: Muhammad and Maria. Educ.: Marist Brothers College, French Lycée, St. Joseph University of Beirut (Faculty of Law), Institute of Economic Sciences. Dipl.: (Finance and Economy). Career: Chairman and President of the Gefinor Holding S.A. (Luxembourg), Gefinor Finance S.A. (Geneva, Switzerland), Arab Investment Company S.A. (Luxembourg), former Chairman of General Investment Co. S.A.L., Chairman of Gefinor Finance S.A.L., Société Nationale pour les Projets Fonciers S.A.L., director of Société de Developement Immobilier S.A.L. Sports: Golf and swimming. Prof. Addr.: Gefinor Center, Clemenceau Str., P.O.Box. 3869, Tel.: 01-366250, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Yarzeh, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon.

OUMLIL (Ali), Ambassador of Morocco to Lebanon. Educ.: Doctorat ès-Lettres, Sorbonne, France (1977). Career: Professor of Political Philosophy at Mohamed V University, Rabat. President of Association Marocaine des Droits de L'Homme (Α.M.D.H.) and Director of its Journal "Solidarité" (1979-86); President of Euro-Arab Group for the Sociological Research (Tunis, 1986-88); Founder/Member of Arab Institute for Human Rights (Tunis, 1987-96); President of the Organisation Marocaine des Droits de L'Homme (O.M.D.H.) (1990-92); Secretary General and Member of the Committee of "Forum de la Pensée Arabe" (Amman, 1993-96); President of Arab Organisation for Human Rights (Cairo, 1997-98); Ambassador of Morocco in Egypt (2001-03); Ambassador of Morocco to Lebanon. (2003-). Member: Member of

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PEREZ Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de Γ Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. PARASS (François), Ambassador of Switzerland to Lebanon. Born in 1952. Educ.: Doctorate in Anthropology, Licence in Law. Languages: French & English. Career: President in Cultural Department at UNESCO (1995); Attaché of Switzerland at the Consular Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1996); Ambassador of Switzerland to the United Arab Emirates (1999); Consul General in Hong Kong (2003-06); Ambassador of Switzerland to Lebanon (2006-to date).Addr.: Embassy of Switzerland, Achrafieh, Avenue Fouad Chehab, Bourj el-Ghazal Bldg., P.O.Box 11-172, Tel.: 01-324129, 324192; Fax: 01-324167, Beirut, Lebanon.

Ρ PAKRADOUNI (Karim), Lawyer, former Minister. Born on Aug. 18, 1944 in Beirut. Son of Manas Pakradouni and Mrs., née Laure Bou Abdo. Married to Mrs. Mona Nachef on Dec. 18, 1970 in Beirut, 2 children: Jihad (1972), Jawad (1978). Educ.: Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour des Pères Jésuites, St. Joseph University (Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences) - University of Lyon - Ecole Supérieures des Lettres de Beyrouth. Dipl.: Law Degree 1966, Master Degree Political Sciences 1967, History Degree 1970. Career: Lawyer & Writer; Elected President of Kataeb Party (2001); Appointed Minister of State for Development Reform (2003-04); Re-elected President of Kataeb Party (Nov.2005-to date). Work: Has his own Law Firm. Other Information: Kataeb Structures Oct. 1967 (French); Lebanese Stake (in collaboration with Maurice Gemayel 1970) (French); South Lebanon 1974 (Arabic); Stillborn Peace 1984 (Arabic, French, English); The Traps 1991 (Arabic & French); Many chronics in different Lebanese, arab & Int. Magazines. Hobbies: Reading, music and billiards. Clubs: President of the Kataeb Party and Member of the Lebanese Writers Union. Prof. Addr.: Abdel Wahab Str., Jazra Bldg., Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 116-2304, Tel.: 01-200370, 327313, 335935, 201179, 217420, Fax: 01-200925, Beirut, Lebanon, Email: [email protected]. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Ghazalie Str., Hadaya Bldg., Tel.: 01-426190, 426199, Beirut, Lebanon.

PEREA (Miguel, Benzo), Ambassador of Spain to Lebanon; Journalist. Born on Nov. 7, 1951. Educ.: Diploma in Law and in Journalism from University of Madrid. Career: Joined the Diplomatic Career (16.03.1977); Secretary, Embassy of Spain in Finland (1977-80); Director of Relations with CEE at the Geúeral Directorate of International Relations (Madrid, 1980-82); Director of Cabinet of President (Institut de Coopération Internationale, (Madrid, 1982-85); Assistant Consultant to London on (1985-88); Director of Human Resources (Amadeus Global Travel Distribution) (1988-92); Assistant Director General of Coopération - AECI (Agence Espagnole de Coopération Internationale) (1992-95); Consul General in Perpignan (1995-98); Consul General in Nepal (1998-2001); Assistant Director General of Multilateral Economic Relations and of Maritime, Terrestre and Air Coopération at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2001-2003), Coordination during the Spain Presidency UE of United Nations Summits, Financial Conference of Development (Conference of Monterrey), Durable Development Conference (Conference of Johannesburg); Ambassador to Iraq, nominated by CPA Vice Coordinator of Humanitarian Assistant (2003); Director in Charge at the CPA Cooperation UN; Ambassador in Special Mission (2004-2006); President of Entrance Concours at the Diplomatic Career (2005-2006); President of Higher Council of Foreign Affairs; Ambassador of Spain to Lebanon (2006 to date). Addr.: Embassy of Spain, Hadath, Haret el Botm Str., Facing St. Joseph Antonin Church, P.O.Box 11-3039 Beirut 11072120, Lebanon.

P A K R A D O U N I A N (Hagop), Member of the Lebanese Parliament. Born on May 24, 1956 in Beirut, Lebanon. Educ.: Elementary and Secondary at Souren Khanamirian School (1975); American University of Beirut (AUB) (1975-80); Lebanese University. Dipl.: Diploma in Political Sciences (1984); Higher Studies Diploma (2001). Career: Journalist at "Aztag" (1975-80); Director of Souren Khanamirian Secondary School (19802000); Director of Levon and Sophia Hagopian School (2000-05); Lecturer at the American Research Institute Since 1986; M e m b e r of Trustees of Orient and International Church Committees; Member of Tachnag Party since 1986 and Responsible of Information at this Party since 1984;Elected Deputy for Metn District(2005-).

P E R E Z (Felipe du Monceau de Bergendal), Ambassador of Chili to Lebanon. Born on May 16,1947. Educ.: Graduate from the Faculty Juridical & Social Sciences "Chile University" (1964-68) and of Diplomate Academy "Andres Bello" (1968-69). Career: Joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1968); Bilateral Political Management (1969); Third Secretary & Consul of the Embassy of Chili in Brazil (1970); Consul at the PazBolivia (1971-72); Third Secretary & Consul in Cuba

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(1973); Second Secretary in Turkey (1974-77); First Secretary in Paris (1978-79); Return to Ministiy (1980); chargé d'Affaires in Thailand (1981); Counsellor of the Embassy of Bangkok (1982-83); Consul General at Milano (Italy), promoted Advisor Minister (1984-85); Returned to Ministry (1986); Consul General in Sydney (Australia) (1990-92); Director of Prototcol and Ceremonies with Sub-Manager rank (1993); Consul General in Mendoza (Argentina) (1994-99); Consul General in Barcelona (Spain) (2000-02); Appointed Ambassador of Chili to Lebanon (2002-). Awards: Grand Officier Order of Merit of Portugal; Commander Order of Merit "Libertador General San Martin" (Argentina); Commnader Order of Merit (Italy); Grand Cross Order of Civil Merit (Spain); Order of Diplomatic Merit of Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chili). Prof. Addr.: Embassy of Chili, New Naccache, Str. 64, Antoine Boukhater Bldg., P.O.Box 70740 (Antelias), Lebanon.

Cosmetics and Hospitable; Founded the Unicorn Society (1980), Network (1988), Al-Chifa in Damascus and Medicea in Paris (1991), Cavalier "Holding" (1996); President Director General of Droguerie Mercury SAL, Droguerie R. Pharaon & Fils SAL, Interpharma SAL. Founder / Member and Secretary General of RDCL (19861989); Founder and Promoter of the Internal Commission of RDCL - Development and Internal Animation (DAI) (till Feb. 2000); President of RDCL (2000-05) reelected (2005-07); President of "Syndicat des Importateurs de Produits Pharmaceutiques" (since 1988); Vice President of "Comité National du Forum Francophone des Affaires" (since 23 March 2001). Awards: Laureate of PrhC of "Francophonie Economique" handed by President Chirac in Paris, France (19.12.2003). Prof. Addr.: Tel.: 01580303, 01-565758. Fax: 01-563841. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

PHARAON (Michel, Pierre), Deputy, Minister, Chairman and Director of Companies. Born on 24 June 1959 in Beirut. Son of Pierre Pharaon and Mrs., née Nadia Sehnaoui. Married to Miss Mona Tannous, 3 children: Laura, Paola and Pierre. Educ.: Dauphine University Paris, 1981 (MA in Business Administration); St. Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon, 1980 (BS. in Economics). Professional Experience: Member of the Lebanese Parliament since 1996; Secretary of Committee of Economy, Industry, Fuel and Trade in the Lebanese Parliament; Member of the Committee of the Defence in the Lebanese Parliament; Appointed Minister of State (2001-03); Appointed Minister of State for the Lebanese Parliament Affairs (2005-to date); Chairman of the board of Libano-Suisse Insurance Company; Member of the board of LBCI; Member of the board of The Superior Council of The Greek Catholics; Chairman of the board of Mednet Lebanon; Chairman of the Board of "Commerce du Levant" economic and social magazine; Member of the Board of Pharaon Holding; Member of Board of Trustees and management of Patriarchal, Beirut. Hobbies: Skiing, swimming, horse breeding. Addr.: P.O.Box 1 or 22, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: Res. 01-502026, 485040.

PHARES (Walid, Halim), Lawyer and editor. Born in 1957 in Beirut. Son of Halim Phares (Lawyer) and Mrs., Hind née Basbous. Educ.: Institut Moderne du Liban; Lycée Français, Beirut; Université St. Joseph, Beirut. Dipl.: Masters Degree in Law; Licence Political Sciences and Masters Degree in Sociology. Career: Professor in Political Sociology at the Faculty of Human Sciences, St. Joseph University (1983-84); actually lawyer and Political Consultant in Lebanon; publisher of "Mashrek International" monthly magazine and several publications. Over 120 lectures since 1982 in various universities and countries. Pubi.: Over 150 articles in Lebanese newspapers and magazines. Author of 5 books on the Lebanese question mainly "Pluralism in Lebanon" (Research Center, Kaslik University 1979); "Christian Democratic Lebanese" (1982); "Christian People of Lebanon" (1984) and "Analysis of the Khomainist Iranian Revolution" (1987) also publisher of "Sout el-Mashrek" weekly magazine (1982-84) and Mashrek International monthly (since 1984). Member: General Secretary of the Social Democratic Party in Lebanon; Secretary for information and spokesman of the World Maronite Union (since July 1985). Decor.: Decoration of the World Lebanese Cultural Union (1986). Sports: Tennis, basket ball, ski. Hobbies: Reading, tourism, movies, miniatures collection; Member of A.T.C.L. and Faqra club. Prof. & Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Abdel Wahab el-Inglizi Str., Panayot Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-327931, Beirut, Lebanon.

PHARAON (Naji Henri), Born in Lebanon. Son of Henri Pharaon (statesman). Married in Oct. 1973 to Miss Sibylle Michel de Bustros(Deceased), 2 daughters: Berine, Claudia. Educ.: St Joseph University of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Chairman General Manager of "Banque Pharaon et Chiha SAL" Prof. Addr.: Banque Pharaon & Chiha SAL Abdelwahab Inglizi Str., Jazra Bldg., P.O.Box 110001, Tel.: 01-339131, 200160/161, Beirut, Lebanon.

PRAT-AMMOUN (Gwen), Born in Beirut. Daughter of the late Colonel André Lohéac and Mrs., née Blanche Ammoun (Painter and Writer). Married to Jérôme Prat, 3 children: Laetitia, Héloise and Faustine. Educ.: Secondary, Lycée Molière. Pubi: Co-author and coillustrator of "Comme un poisson dans l'eau" (Paris, Seghers, 1978) and "Cherchons la petite bête" (Paris, Seghers, 1979). Priv. Addr.: 28 rue Félicien David, 75016, Paris, France; Tel.: 4524.55.21.

PHARES (Armand), Businessman, President of RDCL Association. Born in 1949 in Lebanon. Married, one daughter: Maysa. Educ.: University of Paris IV, INSEAD. Dipl.: Doctorate in Mathematics, MBA. Career: Started his Business in July 1977, joined "Société Mercury" specialized in the Pharmaceutical Products,

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QUBATY

Q QADDOUR (Bahije, Mahmoud), Businessman, former deputy. Born in 1917 at Akkar (Lebanon). Son of Mahmoud Qaddour. Career: Businessman, elected deputy for Akkar (1964-68). Priv. Addr.: Jemayzet Str., Taleb Bldg., 3rd floor, Tel.: 06-629029, 431121, Tripoli, Lebanon. QUBATY (Mohamed, Dr.), Ambassador of Yemen to Lebanon, M.D. Educ.: Secondary Studies in Aden, Beirut & London; Dr. in Medicine, surgery, King's College London University. Dipl.: MB - Bs London (1975-80); Graduate LRCP, British Royal College (U.K.). Career: Secretary General - Students Association in Medicine in London (U.K.) (1977-79); President - Arab Student Associations in Medicine (Great Britain) (1980-82); Secretary of Yemen Diplomat Club (1982-84); Adviser to the Council Presidency, Vice - Minister, Aden (1983-84); Lecturer & Professor, London University (1986-90); Adviser as Vice - Minister at Yemen Parliament for the Health Affairs (1990); Member of the Higher Political Committee & of the General Popular Party of Yemen (1990-95); Secretary of the Higher Political Committee & General Secretary of the Party (1995-2001); Adviser as Minister at the presidency of the Yemen Parliament (2001); Ambassador of Yemen to Lebanon and to Cyprus (2003- to date). Addr.: Embassy of Yemen, Bir Hassan, next to Golf Club, Embassy's Bldg., Tel.: 01852688/91/92, Fax: 01-821610, Beirut, Lebanon.

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 Member: Chairman of Affiliate Members; W.T.O. (World Tourism Organization); Past president, International Academy of Tourism (Monte-Carlo), Lebanese Public Relations Association; Lebanese Delegate Consultant to the Pontifical Commission for Emigration and Tourism; Member of the Board of AAEO (Arab Aerospace Educational Organization). Sports: Tennis, shooting. Hobbies: Photography and writing. Priv. Addr.: Adib Ishak Str., Achrafiyeh, Tel.: 01-321975, Beirut, Lebanon and 78 Avenue de Suffren, 75015 Paris, France.

R

RACY (Theodora, Munah), Lyrical artist. Born on Dec. 1938 in Beirut. Daughter of Munah Racy (former section director at Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and Mrs., née Sumaya Tannous. Educ.: Protestant College, American University of Beirut, studied under professors of the Royal Academy, London and under Prof. Kamaoukoff, ballet and dancing (one year) under Mrs. Dabat. Dipl.: B.A. (Lit. and Theaters, (1960). Career: in Broadcasting and TV, starred in 7 theatricals performed at West Hall (Tchekov, Coward, Wilder, Rattigan, Shaw, Ugo Betti, Kilty) (1957-60), attended Ecole du Théâtre Moderne (1961), portrayed Marthe in "Malentendu" by Camus, Jocaste in "Oedipe Roi" (1961), Electre in "Les Mouches" by Sartre, (1964), Desdemona in "Othello" (1962), Chimene in "Le Cid", Gwendoline in "Becket" by Anouilh (1964), Myriam in "Adonis" by Gaby Boustany, Queen Marie in "Le Roi se Meurt" by Lonesco, (1967), Marguerite Gautier in "Camino Real" by Tennessee Williams (1967), Countess Olivia in "Twelfth Night", in addition to other leading parts on Lebanese TV in the following theatricals: "Harlequinade" (1959), "Les Précieuses Ridicules" (1960), "Othello" (1965). Pubi.: Author of a number of articles published in "The Daily Star" (1966-67). Dist.: First prize of the French Embassy in Beirut in a competition of diction and the theatre. Member: Alumni club, Dar el-Fan. Sports: swimming, bowling. Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon and U.S.A.

RAAD (Hajj Mohamed Hassan), Member of Parliament. Born on Aug. 28, 1955 in Beirut, originally from Jbah (Casa Nabatieh), South Lebanon. Married to Faten Borghol, 5 children: Hassan, Abbas, Mustapha, Fatima and Zeinab. Educ.: Teachers College, Lebanese University. Career: Joined "Hezbollah" (1982); Editor-inchief of the Political Magazine of Hezbollah "Al Ahaad"; Member of the Decision Council of Hezbollah, former Member of Political Council; Actually President of the devoted Resistance Front; elected Deputy(1992-to date). Addr.: Hezbollah Party, Haret Hreik, Beirut and Chamber of Deputies, Beirut, Lebanon. RABABY (Sami, Melhem), Consultant. Born in 1925 at Jdita (Bekaa), Lebanon. Son of Melhem Rababy and Mrs., née Emilie Chehadé. Married on 29 May 1954 to Miss Salwa Toufic Chartouni, 3 children: Fadi, Claude and Diane. Educ.: Sacred-Heart College of Beirut, French law Faculty, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Sociales et Internationales, Paris. Career: Teacher of History and Geography at Sacred-Heart College, and N.D. de Nazareth College (1943-51); Journalist; since 1950, Director of Société d'Encouragement au Tourisme (SET), of "Automobile Touring club" and of "Club du Liban" (195254), Director of Sales and Advertising of LICCO (195458); moved to the Middle East Airlines in 1958, Senior Vice-president, International and Government Affairs, M.E.A. until 1991. Awards: Merit (Grand-Duché de Luxembourg) (1951); Commdr., Papal Order of St. Sylvestre (1966); 1st class Merit Order of Cameroon (1971); Commdr., National Order of Chad (1973); Knight, National Order of French Merit (1975); Officier, Order "Isabel La Católica"; Commander of the Spanish Civil Order (1983); Personality of the Year 1983 for Tourism; "Cavaliere Ufficiale" of the Italian Order of merit.

RAFEI (Abdul Majid), M.D., former deputy. Born in 1928 at Tripoli (Lebanon). Educ.: in Lebanon and Switzerland. Dipl.: M.D. Career: M.D., Deputy for Tripoli (1972-92). Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon. RAHAL (Elias, Youssef, Mgr.), Melkite Greek Catholic Archbishop. Born in 1941 in Baalbeck, Lebanon. Son of Youssef Elias Rahal. Educ.: Primary (1953), Secondary and Supplementary (1964-65). Dipl.: Licence in Philosophy and Theology. Career: Joined the Ecclesiastical Police in 1967; Ordained Priest (1970); Appointed President of Ramallah Bishopric School (197071); moved to Haifa and assumed the Positions of teacher, Assistant servant to Nasra Diocese and Priest to Yafa Nasra Diocese (1971-72), then joined Harissa as Vicar and teacher at the Minor Clerical (1978-80); Assistant Manager to Technical School (1980-82) then its President in the

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BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION Convent of Saydet el-Hosn, Feytroun (1982-85), and again to Ramallah as President for the Mission, Director for School and Priest for Diocese (1985-91); President for Feytroun Diocese and for minor Ecclesiastical Police (1991-2000); Authorized the Presidency of Saint Paul Convent in Safita (Syria) (2000-04); Elected Archbishop to Baalbeck (2004-). Addr.: Greek Catholic Archbishopric, Baalbeck, Lebanon.

Priv. Addr.: Achrafieh, Librairie Antoine Bldg., Tel.: 01217177, Beirut, Lebanon. RAI (Bechara, Mgr.), Archbishop. Born in Himlaya on Feb. 25, 1945. Educ.: Philosophy and Theology in Rome. Dipl.: Doctor in Theology. Career: Entered the Order on Sept. 3, 1967; Vicar General in Bkerke until 1990; Archbishop of the Maronite rite in Jbeil since July 8, 1990. Addr.: Archbishopric Maronite, Place Amchit, behind Byblos Bank, Chahid el-Khoury Sir., Tel.: 09621056, Amchit, Lebanon.

RAHAL (Riad), Doctor in Medicine, Member of Parliament. Born on May 1, 1950 in Akkar, Lebanon. Married to Dr. Selena Santos Montero, 3 children: Said, Walid and Ziad. Educ.: Studied the General Medicine, Tour University, France (1975-1980) then specialized in General Surgery, Career: Chairman of the Board, Akkar Hospital (since 1982); Participated / Founding, Akkar Development Council (1986), Member of Friendship Committee with Venezuela, Japan and Australia; Elected Deputy for Akkar (2005-to date), Member of the Parliament Committee. Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

RAIDY (Joseph D.), Owner of Joseph D. Raidy Printing Press. Born on Mar. 18, 1948 in Zgharta, Lebanon. Son of Doumit Raidy and Mrs. Chahira Awkar. Married on Dec. 24, 1980 to Marie-Louise Gerbaka, 2 children: Marie-Joe (20.9.1981), Doumit (19.2.1983). Educ.: 1964: Graphic Art, Cortbawi School, Lebanon; 1970: Graphic Art, Agfa-Geavert, Mortsel (Anvers), Belgium. Employment: From 1973 Owner of Râidy Printing Press. Lang.: English, French and Arabic. Professional Activities: Lebanese Graphic Art Syndicate: Former President. Association de Développement de Gemmayzé : President. Professional Memberships: Association of Lebanese Industrialists: Member; Lebanese Businessman Association: Member; Beirut Chamber of Commerce and Industry: Member; I.A.A.: Member; Lebanese American Business Association: Member; Lebanese Egyptian Businessmen: Member; Lebanese CoOperative for Development: Member. Awards: Knight(1998), Gold Lebanese Medal of Merit (2003), 0fficer(2004), Commander, Lebanese Medal of Merit. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Gemmayze, St. Antoine Str., Diab Bldg., +961-1-447711, +961-3-337711, Fax: +961 1 447700. Printing Press: +961-1-445188, Fax: + 961 1 567700, P.O.Box 175165 Beirut, Website: //www.raidy.com, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon.

RAHBANI (Elias, ar), Music composer. Born in 1938. Married to Miss Mina ar-Rahbani, 1 child: Ghassane. Educ.: Fine Arts Academy, studied under Prof. Bourgeot and Robillard, Career: Producer and composer at Lebanese broadcasting (1962), wrote the musical score for well over 15 film productions including "Blazing Sun" (With Omar Sherif); Author of "Safret el-Ahlam" (1993). Decor.: Prize Said Akl (2004). Priv. Addr.: Naccache, Elie Kiameh Bldg·, 4th floor, (near Mar Mansour Church), Tel.: 04-412311, 402816, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon. RAHBANI (Mansour, ar), Music composer. Born in 1925. Educ.: Secondary and musical. Career: Gendarme, then music composer, composed with his brother Assi exclusively for Fayrouz well over 300 songs and several musical comedies, Author of "Sayf 840" (1987), "al-Wassiyah" (1993). Priv. Addr.: Antelias, Route de Bikfaya, Near Galerie Azar, Rahbani Bldg., Tel.: 04-410867 and 410787, Beirut Suburb (Lebanon).

RAJEH (Antoine, Rev.), Antonine cleric. Educ.: Doctorate in Canon Law from the Pontifical Lateran University (Rome), L.L.B, in Civil Law, Lebanese University. Career: Judge at the Maronite Appeal Court, Lecturer at the Sagesse University; He assumed the University Institute of Dental Prosthetics at the Antonine University; Principal at Saint Elie Monastery in Antelias with it's cultural activity, then principal at Saint Jean Monastery and involved in other Canon activities; Elected President of Antonine University (2005-). Pub.: Author of Several Articles & books of Canon Law. Addr.: Antonine University, Baabda, P.O.Box 40016 (Baabda), Lebanon.

RAHME (Fouad), Banker. Born on Jan. 1, 1961 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Joseph Rahmé and Mrs. Marie Claude née Germanos. Married on Aug. 28,1986 to Miss Roula Rizkallah, three children; Joe (1987), Rana (1989) and Dina (1993). Educ.: USJ - ESIB, HEC (France). Dipl.: M.S. (Engineering), M.B.A. Career: (1985-89): Universal Bank S.A.L.; (1989-92): Unifert S.A.; (199294): Tamer Frères S.A.L.; (1994-to date): Bank Saradar S.A.L. Other Information: (1985-to date): Lecturer at ESIB. Sports practised: Ski, tennis. Hobbies: Reading, movies. Clubs and Associations: HEC Alumni / R.D.C.L. (Treasurer). Credit Cards: Visa, Cashless Prof. Addr.: Banque Saradar, S.A.L., Tel.: 01-208400, Beirut, Lebanon.

RAJJI (Georges, Cesar), Journalist, academic. Born in 1932 at Kfarshima (Lebanon). Son of Cesar Rajji. Educ.: al-Hikmah College, Cairo University. Dipl.: Baccalaureate (secondary education certificate, B.A. (journalism). Career: in journalism, politics and letters, 281

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proprietor managing-editor of "ar-Rassed", newspaper (published in three editions: English, French and Arabic); of "Agence d'Informations Internationales", and of "Agence de Presse Universelle" (both published in 3 languages: Arabic, French and English), founded "Centre de l'Information" which is a public relations office. Former teacher of Arabic literature and translation at AUB and al-Hikmah College Living in Paris since 1980. Member: Lebanese public Relations Association. Pubi.: Author of several collected poems, including "Ghouyoub". (subconscious), "Wou'oud" (promises), "Moushtak" (doting), "Moubhamat" (unclear), "Anti Ana" (You, it's me), "Halem" (dreaming), "Tha'er" (revolutionary), and 3 books of prose: "Ahdaf Wa Ibar" (aims and lessons), "Qadaya as-Sahafa" (Problems of the Press) and "Qoulouhounna" (All of them). Award: from Venezuela: Francisco di Miranda (1972). Priv. Addr.: Kfarshima, P.O.BOX 3808, Tel.: 05-430531, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon and Paris, France.

Française; Universities: American University of Beirut Beirut University College - The University of Amanea (USA). Dipl.: BS in Geology/Master in Business Administration/ Master in Agr. Economics/ Ph.D. in Economy/ BA in Law from the Lebanese University/ Diploma "Training the Trainer" from brain power-Human resources counselors/ Diploma in "Ways and Methods of the Internal Audit duties" from the Lebanese Banks Association/ Diploma in "Detection of the forgery and bank counterfeiting from the arab institute for Banking and financial studies". Experiences: Lecturer of the course "Introduction of Management"; Fall 1988 at Beirut University College (Now Lebanese American University); Lecturer of the course "Management" from Oct. 1986 till 1987 at the American University of Beirut; Lecturer of the course "Personnel and HRD"; Spring 1987 at the American University of Beirut; Lecturer of the course "Businesse English"; Fall 1987-88 at the Amciican University of Beirut; Lecturer of the course "Commercial Banking Operations"; Spring 1988/ Summer 1988/ Fall 88-89/ first trimester 89/ Second trimester 1990/ Third trimester 1990/ Summer 90/ Fall 1990-91/ Second semester 1991/ Summer 1991, At American University of Beirut; Lecturer of course "Letters of Credit in Commercial Banks"; Fall 1990-91/ and Second semester 1991 at the American University of Beirut; Lecturer of course "Foreign Exchange and Money Market operations"; Summer 1991 at the American University of Beirut; Instructor of English Language at President Hariri program at (AUB) from 1986 till 1987; Working as sworn tranlator legalized by the Lebanese govt; From 1982 till date, Lecturer of "Economy" and "Banking" at BAU on temporary basis; He has worked as an administrative/ Finance-Personnel Manager for SWAB/ Students Social Association for more than ten years; He has worked as the Hotel Manager in Beirut in the night shifts for around ten years. Worked at Beirut Riyad Bank (Sal) BRDResponsabilities in different depts: Translation, current account, L/CS dept, L/GS dept, Bills dept, Control and inspection debt, Audit dept, Accounting dept; Dealing dept, for around 4 years. From 1987 till 1991. He was the Sub-Head of dept of Dealing and transfers; He has worked as assistant director of eitaoup (publishing house) in the afternoons for five years; He has worked for one year as financial consultant to "Stroyservice Company" (Kalo Corp); Between London and Tashkent. This type of job was on temporary basis to prepare the one year report of financial statements between his company were he worked and the partners: The EBRD: The European Bank for Reconstruction and develop, and the American fund which in this short period he has good experience with financial status of the European Bank. His only objective is to prepare these financial statements in a short period in order to prevent penalties on the company where he worked. Graduate Assistant during his Master in Business to Dr. Singh (chairman of Business) for the following courses:

RAMADAN (Hassan), Former director general of Presidency of the Republic. Born in 1920 at Blatt (Merjeoun), South Lebanon. Son of Khalil Ramadan (notable in the Meqeoun region) and of Oum Soud Ashi. Married in Sept. 1954 in Beirut to Miss Badre Moukarram, born in 1939 in Beirut, 2 children: Muinis (1959) and Wajdi (1961) in Beirut. Miss Badre Moukarram Chefde Service au Conseil d'Etat and Chef de Service at the Judiciary Inspection on the Palace of Justice. Educ.: American School for Girls A.S.G. in Beirut - Baccalauréat Philosophy in Beirut - Public Administration in Beirut and Law in Beirut. Career: Secretary of the general prosecutor of the Palace of Justice in Zahlé; Secretary of the Ministry of Justice in Beirut; General Secretary of the legislative committee; Chief of the division of the decisions of the Ministry Councils; General Secretary of the Council of Discipline; General Director of the decisions of the Ministry Councils: General Secretary of the Republic. Sports: Horseriding, table tennis, walking. Hobby: Composition of poems (in Arabic). Prof. Addr.: 77 Maamoun Str., Basta Fawka, Nasrallah Bldg., 2nd floor, facing Police Station and Mosque and Tel.: in Canada and North America: +613-3556770 or +613-2946062, Beirut, Lebanon. RAMADAN (Muinis, Hassan), Administrative and Financial Manager and Professor. Born on July 5, 1955, in Beirut. Son of Hassan Ramadan (Ex-Director General of the Lebanese Presidence of Republic) and Mrs., née Badr Moukarram Born on 1939 in Beirut and Head of Department at Conseil d'Etat, and Head of Department in Judiciary Inspection at Palace of Justice, Ministry of Justice in Beirut. Married on July 9,1996 (new marriage) to Anna Khadgikristos, 5 children: Nour (29.5.89); alHassan (2.4.90); Moukarram (26.6.91); Ghina (14.9.96); Mariam (18.9.97). Educ.: School: Mission Laique

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and still till date. Also He is an expert of preparing as he said feasibility studies and researcher for projects, companies, etc. and also He can lechers, any subjects based on the request. Three years of teaching Economics, banking, training bankers at the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah (1998-2001); General Manager of Rama International Group of Companies, Rama Group (Beirut). Having other degrees in Security, He made a Security officer in North America. He is also a CPO (Certified Protection Officer) Diploma taken from Florida, USA. Presently he is a General Manager of Rama Consultants group and translator and court Interpreter (Canadian Rama International Management Consultants). REFERENCE: Dr. Iskandar Bashir: 1- Advisor of his bigness Sheikh Khalifa Ben Zayed at the Diwan of his highness in Abu Dhabi Tel.: 02-6081637, 02-6655010, Fax: 02-6654374. 2- Mr. John Gunter Deen-ex-USA Ambassador in Lebanon 1980-81. 3- Dr. Mohamed Khawlie - professor at the American University of Beirut. 4- Dr. Abdul Ghani Moheilieh - professor at the University of Sharjah Tel.: 050-6280122, E-mail: [email protected] 5- Mr. Faleh Neimi - UAE University - al-Ain. 6- Mr. Tarek Helmi - UAE Mashreq Bank (UAE). Languages: Arabic, French, English, Romanian. Sports: Ping-Pong, tennis. Hobbies: Reading, research, music, collecting stamps coins and old manuscripts. Clubs: LAU Alumni/ AUB Alumni. Addr.: Basta Faouca-Maamoun Str., (77), Near Police Station, of Basta Faouca, Nisrallah Bldg., 2nd floor; Residence of Dr. Muinis Ramadan, Beirut, Lebanon and P.O.Box 153 (Saida, Lebanon) and in Canada: CRC (General Manager), 48-2570 Southvale Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario K1B 5B6, Canada,Tel.:+613-3556770, +613-7366700, +6132946062,Fax:+613-73 67726, Ottawa,Canada.Emails : ( 1 )[email protected](2) [email protected](3)[email protected] [email protected],Website: www.ramagroup.8m.com.

Business Policy, Financial Management, etc... He has other experience also; Also he has several researches in Banking, finance, economy, management, etc. articles published about Banking in local Lebanese newspapers; He gave lectures to more than 280 employees as training programs In Banking (most during afternoons) in several Banks; He has worked for two years as the Adm. & Fin. Director of "Romanel Company in Bucharest - Romania (work of the company: export-Import of wood in Romania and manufacturing of electronics. From 1.9.1998 till July 2000: Effective official appointment. He is working now as a lecture at the Emirates institute for Banking and financial Studies, including teaching courses in marketing, money and Banking, Economics, Letters of credit and trade finance, Accounting, credit Appraisal techniques, Financial Statement Analysis, banking Control and Inspection, etc. He taught and still teaching at the Emirates institutes for banking and financial studies, (Sharjah, UAE) to following academic courses and seminar training programs: Academic Courses: Economic: (British Chartered banks association) (CIB); Principal of Money and Banking: (British Chartered Banks association); Marketing: (Canadian Program) (CICE) and (CIB); Algebra and Statistic: (Canadian Program) (CICB); Economic: (Canadian Program) (CICE); UAE Financial Systems: (Canadian Program) (CIB); Customer Service Skills (CICB); International and UAE Financial System (CICB). Training program for banks Manager and Officers: (in United Arab Emirates): Letters of credit and trade finance (Basic and Advanced), Introduction of Accounting, Financial statement Analysis, Credit Appraisal Techniques, Internal controls, Bond Markets, International Capital Markets, Money Markets Dynamics, Trade Finance, Introduction to Banking operations, Financial planing, Financial Derivatives, Deposits and Collection etc..., Check and Collection, International trade Finance, Foreign Exchange and Risk Management, Interest rate Risk Management. Dr. Muinis Ramadan is in the process in writing a book in English and Arabic about "Merging of Banks" in the UAE with Collaboration between the Emirates Institute for Banking Financial Studies (2000-01) And University of United Arab Emirates (al-Ain) He has under published books: Technical Chart Analysis, one in Arabic: Letters of Credit and Trade finance. He taught the Armed Forces in Abu Dhabi/UAE at the Headquarters at the Armed forces in Abu Dhabi (199899) the following Courses: - Letters of Credit and Trade Finance. -Advanced letters of credit. - Financial Statement Analysis. He taught last year and this year also training program in Doha/Qatar at the institute of Banking Training. He taught and still Students cant by Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs the following subjects: 1) Economic 2) Accounting 3) Basic Banking operation 4) Customer Service skills. (1998-2000 each year 4-5 months). Notice: He has worked as a seventh translator, Translation expert at the Palace of Justice court-Lebanese Republic for 17 years

RAMMAL (Ali, Dr.), Director of the School of Communication and Documentation. Born on Mar. 19, 1955 in Turzaya. Son of Ahmad Rammal (retired) and Mrs. Fatimah Rammal. Married to Houda Krayem, 2 children: Hadi, Tarek. Educ.: Lebanese University; Bordeaux University, France. Dipl.: Ph.D. (Science of Infor-Com.), DEA (Science of Infor-Com.), BA (Communication). Career: Teaching at the Lebanese University; Journalism Producer; Radio Producer; Researcher. Other Information: Director of the School of Communication. Sport: Basket Ball. Hobbies: Reading, swimming. Associations: The Association of Knowledge. Prof. Addr.: FID, Kola, Bir Hassan, Beirut, Tel.: 01-850-855, 850-472. Priv. Addr.: Beirut, Tel.: 03-635055, Lebanon. RAPHAEL (Farid, Elie), Ex-minister, chairman and general manager, Banque Libano-Française S.A.L. Born 283

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 of Beirut. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer, Elected Deputy of Baalbeck-Hermel (1992-96) member of the Parliamentary Commission for Administration and Justice. Prof. Addr.: Zahlé Blvd., Abou Dib & Tini Bldg., Tel.: 08807226. Priv. Addr.: Badaro Str., Acar Bldg., Tel.: 01384676, 03-738787, Beirut: Mansourieh, Mountazah, Edmond Yazbeck Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 04-409730, 03738787, Lebanon.

on 28 Oct. 1933 in Dlebta (Kesrouan). Son of Elie Raphael (Businessman) and Mrs. Evelyne, née Khalife. Married on Apr. 1970 to Miss Ilham Abdel Ahad, 4 children: Walid, Raya, Zeina and Evelyne. Educ.: St. Joseph University, Beirut. Dipl.: Law graduate, Lyon University - Lyon; Also a diploma in International Law. Career: Joined "Compagnie Algérienne de Crédit et de Banque" in May 1956; On 21.12.1967 founded Banque Libano-Française S.A.L., which took over the activities of "Compagnie Algérienne de Crédit et de Banque"; was appointed General Manager in Oct. 1971 and elected board member in May 1973. In Mar. 1976, founded Banque LibanoFrançaise (France) S.A. in Paris, which became in 1989 Banque Française de l'Orient S.A. From Dec. 1976 to July 1979, Appointed Minister of Finance, Justice and P.T.T. in the Cabinet of Dr. Selim Hoss. Other Information: (1996): Member of the Board of "Association des Banques du Liban"; in 1998 : Elected President of "Association des Banques du Liban";(1999): Re-elected President of "Association des Banques du Liban". Decor.: Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur(1984), Officier de la Légion D'Honneur on the 26th July 1999. Prof. Addr.: Banque Libano-Française S.A.L., P.O.Box. 11-0808, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Colette Edde Bldg., Brazilia, Hazmieh, Beirut, Lebanon.

RASSI (Sleiman C.), Ambassador of Lebanon to China. Bora on Sept. 15, 1946 in Ebel el-Saki (Marjeyoun), Lebanon. Son of Chafic Rassi and Mrs. Ramzieh Kassiss. Married on May 5, 1985 in Beirut to Mrs. Daisy Rahhal, 2 daughters, Rima and Lina. Educ.: Ebel el-Saki Primary School, Marjeyoun; Complementary School, Ecole Normale, Byr Hassan, Beirut; Lebanese University, Sanayeh, Beirut. Dipl.: Licence in Law (Law Degree) Lebanese University. Career: Teacher, Ministry of National Education (8.2,1965); Attaché, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (6.2.1978); Secretary, Embassy of Lebanon, Caracas, Venezuela (1979-83); Secretary, Embassy of Lebanon, London, U.K. (1983-85); Head of the Section of Europe-Ministry of Foreign Affairs (198586); Secretary and Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy of Lebanon, Washington, D.C., United States (1986-90); Consul General of Lebanon, Sydney, Australia (1990-95); Promoted to the rank of Counselor (1994); Head of the Department of Conferences, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1995-99); Ambassador of Lebanon to Cuba (1999-2003); Promoted to the rank of Ambassador (2003); Ambassador of Lebanon to China, Oct. 2003 until now. Hobby: Hunting. Prof. Addr.: No. 10, Dong Liu Jie, San Li Tun, Beijing (100600), China, Tel.: +86-10-65321560, Fax: +86-10-65322770, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

RAPHAEL (Joe, Elias), Chairman and general manager, RAK paper & carton S.A.L. and Arab Printing Press S.A.L. Shareholder and member in many Est. Bora on 4 Mar. 1938 in Dlebta, Lebanon. Son of Elias Raphaël (Businessman) and Mrs., née Evelyne Khalife. Married on 5 July 1969 to Miss Lilianne Chami, 2 Children: Elias and Shermine. Educ.: High School. Dipl.: Engineer E.S.I.B. Career: Engineer - Administrator of Societies. Sport: Tennis. Prof. Addr.: RAK SAL, Sodeco Str. Bldg. No.3 - P.O.Box 11-7319, Tel.: 01-614000, 615000, 5 lignes, Fax: 01-614159, 614160. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Tel.: 05-454239, Lebanon.

RAYES (Salam, Salim), Hospital Administrator. Born on June 6th, 1941 in Beirut. Son of Salim J. Rayes (Merchant) and Mrs., née Salwa A. Metni. Married on Dec. 26th, 1974 in Beirut to Diana Latif Deeb, 2 children: Dina (Sept. 29th, 1975), Nada (June 27th, 1978). Educ.: International College, Beirut, Lebanon (1959 High School - Baccalauréat I); American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (1963 BA Public Administration); The George Washington University, Washington D.C USA (1972 MA Health Care Administration). Career: Recruitment Officer, American University Hospital (1965-68); Assistant for Administration, American University Hospital (1968-70); Assistant Director, American University Hospital (1972-75); Manager Health Services Administration, Ministry of Health, Bahrain (1976-78); Director of Personnel, American University of Beirut (1978-83); Hospital Director, St. George Hospital, Beirut (1983-to date). Sport: Tennis. Member: American University of Beirut, Alumni Club. Credit Card: Master

RAPHAEL (Moussa, Elias), Lawyer. Bora 11 Aug. 1932 in Dlebta, Lebanon. Son of Elias Raphael (merchant), and Mrs., née Evelyne Khalifé. Married on 11 July 1973 to Miss SamiraAbdulnour, 3 children: Nayla, Hala and Lina. Educ.: Law Faculty of St. Joseph University. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer since 1957, Senior Partner in Raphael & Associes, a Civil Corporation of Lawyers admitted to Beirut Bar. Sport: Varying. Member: of the Automobile and Touring Club. Prof. Addr.: Dbayeh, al-Mabani Bldg., 5th floor, P.O.Box 70868 Antelias, Tel.: 04-405401, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Naccache, Rizk Rizk Bldg., Tel.: 04-405495, Lebanon. RAPHAEL (Seoud, Youssef), Former Deputy, Lawyer, Born in Ras Baalbeck, 1939. Son of Youssef Raphael, Married to Miss Josette Khoury, 3 children: Joseph, Yvonne and Michel. Educ.: St. Joseph University

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University - Medical Center; Rockefeller Fellow in Neurology and Neuropathology, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Senior Registrar, Regional Neurological Center, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Work: Tenure. Professor of Pathology and Medicine (Neurology), Ex. Chairman of Pathology Department. Other Information: Member of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Association of Neuropathologists. - U.S.A., Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine - United Kingdom. Sports: Swimming, fishing. Hobby: Gardening. Prof. Addr.: American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Dept. of Pathology, Tel.: 01-865250, 350000, 353434, 340460 Ext.: 5160 & 5170, Beirut, Lebanon, Priv. Addr.: Achkout, Villa Rebeiz, Tel.: 09-956642, Lebanon.

Card. Prof. Addr.: St. George Hospital, P.O.Box 166378, Tel.: 01-581700, 585700, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Bayyada (Kornet Chahwan), Tel.: 04-927128, Lebanon. RAYES (Sam ih Boutros), Director General at the Ministry of Petroleum. Born in 1938 at Jezzine (South Lebanon). Married to Clemence Habib, 3 children: Pedro, Imad and Ghassan. Educ.: LL.B., Lebanese University (1965), Institut National d'Administration Publique relevant du Conseil de la Fonction Publique (1968). Career: Financial Controller at the Ministry of Hydraulics (1969-70); Financial Inspector, Central Inspection (197099); followed several cycles Abroad and participated in the International Conference for Financial Control in France (1978). Lecturer, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Lebanese University "2nd Section" (1979-99); Appointed Director General at the Ministry of Petroleum (Jan. 1999-). Prof. Addr.: Ministry of Petroleum, Sami Solh Str., face Palace of Justice, Ministry's Bldg., 9th floor, Beirut, Lebanon.

RENNO (Assaad, Khalil), Professor of arts. Born on July 24, 1924. Son of Khalil Renno (Contractor) and Mrs., née Najla Hatoum. Married on June 29, 1957 in Bkirki to Mona Chartouny, four sons: Richard (1958), Bernard (1959), Gerard (1963) and Edgard (1964). Educ.: Titular professor of Arts of the Royal Academy of Madrid (1954); Royal Academy of St. Femando, Madrid, Spain. Dipl.: Spanish Honours diploma (1953); Lutece - Paris Honour diploma (1973). Career: Professor of Arts, painting, sculpture, decoration, stylism, jewellery and floral arts. Director, Michel-Ange Academy of Beaux Arts, Beirut; Professor of Arts at the American University of Beirut. Awards: Mehdewieh Medal, Morocco (1954); National Order Medal for Work, Madrid (1954); Officer of Cedars (1958); Commander, National Order of the Cedars (1965); Papal Insigna of St. Silvester, Vatican (1971); French Humanitarian Merit (1972); Swiss Merit (1973). Hobbies: Painting, music. Member: Lions Club. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Sayde Str., Tel.: 01-320400, Beirut, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Michel-Ange Academy of Beaux Arts, Sodeco 3, Sodeco Str., Boutique Eclips Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 01-616261, 03-818281, Beirut, Lebanon.

RAY YES (Riad, Najib al-), Poet and editor. Born in 1937. Son of Najib al-Rayyes (journalist). Married in 1968 to Miss Zeinat Nassar (journalist and newscaster). Educ.: Cambridge University. Dipl.: B.Sc. (Econ.) (1961). Career: Journalist; associate editor, "al-Hayat" newspaper, Beirut, (1964-66), now "an-Nahar" Chief foreign correspondent; Founded in Lebanon then in Beirut "R.N. al-Rayyes" Publishing House (1986). Pubi.: Author of "The Death of Others" (1961), "Crucial Stage" (1965), "The Struggle for Oil and Oasis" (1973). Prof. Addr.: Riad el-Rayyes Printing Books, Sanayeh, Union Nationale Bldg., 4th floor, P.O.Box 113-5796, Tel.: 01-743640. Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ramlet al-Bayda, Mansour Habib Bldg., Tel.: 01-801761, Beirut, Lebanon. REBEIZ (Gabriel, Aziz), M.D. Urologist. Born in Dec. 1928 in Beirut, Son of Aziz Rebeiz (merchant) and Mrs., née Marie Antakly. Married in Dec. 1954 in Beirut to Miss Mona Saleeby, 3 children: Rima, Sami and Roula. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Jefferson Medical College, Hospital of Philadelphia (resident in surgery), Saint Paul Aurker Hospital (resident in urology), Francis Diafield Hospital in New York. Dipl.: M.D. specialization in urology until 1959. Career: M.D., urologist at German Hospital of Beirut, at Saint George's Hospital, at Lebanese Hospital. Meihber: Lion's club. Sports: Tennis, swimming and ski. Hobby: Sports. Addr.: Beirut, Lebanon.

RIACHI (Antoine Ayoub), Expert Socio-economist. Born on Nov. 11, 1933 in Zahlé, Lebanon. Resident in France since 1961. Son of Ayoub and Laurice (b. Kassis). Married on Nov. 27, 1969 with Sabah Adib Moawad, Children: David Ghanem, Nada Ghanem, Rania. Educ.: "Oriental College" in Zahlé, "Collège des Apotres" Jounieh, Lebanon (1955). In France: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes and University of Paris (Sorbonne) D.E.A. Ph.D. in Social Economics. Career: Analyst/Statician at Ministry of Social Affairs (Lebanon) (1957-58); Journalist Arabic Programs at O.R.T.F. Paris (1962-64); Researcher/Expert for Middle East and Africa at Arnold Bergstraesser Inst. Freiburg-West Germany (1966-69); Expert/Committee delegate to Congo-Africa (1968); Director of Economics Research Group, Beirut - Lebanon (1971-74); Lecturer at Lebanese Civic Council (1974); Director of Ecogroup France- Paris (since 1980); Editor in

REBEIZ (Jean, G .), M.D. Born on Apr. 23, 1935, Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Gebran F. Rebeiz (Engineer) and Mrs. Marie Abdallah Rebeiz. Married in 1974, Beirut, Lebanon, to Lina Naaman, 4 children: Naji (1978), Maria (1980), Tania (1983), Karim (1986). Educ.: International College - American University of Beirut and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Dipl.: B.S. and M.D. Career: Resident in Medicine 1960-63: American 285

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Chief of ECO Press Review and various studies/analysis (since 1982). Chairman of Groupe Serdi (Société d'Etudes, de Recherche et de Développement Industriels) since 1995. Author: "Disparity of Social Classes in Lebanon", "Social Structure of Confessions in Lebanon", "New Trend of Socialism in the World", "Security in the Gulf, "A Conflict of Antagonism": "Nationalism & Globalization", "Metaphysics of Social Ages" (outstanding publication). Prof. Addr.: Ecogroup France, 23 rue Washington, Paris 75008, France. Addr. in Lebanon: Hazmieh, Bldg. No 72, T e L / F a x : + 3 3 143 8 2 0 5 4 7 , + 9 6 1 - 5 4 5 0 7 4 0 , E - m a i l : [email protected].

Cedar (1988) and Officer, French Legion of Honor. Addr.: Law Firm "Raphael & Associés", Dbayeh, al-Maba^ Murr Tower, 5th floor, Tel.: +961-4-405401, +961-4-406477/8, Fax: +961-4-403735, E-mail: [email protected], Lebanon. RIFAI (Hassan Khaled, Abdelraouf), Former Deputy. Born in 1923 at Baalbeck. Son of Abdelraouf Rifai. Educ.: Secondary and higher. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Lawyer, deputy for Baalbeck-Hermel (1968 and 1972-92), Prof. Addr.: Mazraa Corniche, Bourj el-Mazraa Bldg., 1st floor, face Roastry Rifai, Tel.: 01-303991, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Mazraa Corniche, same Bldg., 5th floor, Tel.: 01302074, 700444 Beirut, Lebanon.

RIACHI (Emile, Hanna), Orthopedic surgeon, professor at the "Faculté de Médecine U.S.J.". Born in 1926 at Khonchara (Lebanon). Son of Hanna Riachi (M.D.) and Mrs., née Zahia Yazbec. Married to Miss Andrée Debbané. Educ.: Faculté Française de Médecine, Beyrouth. Dipl.: M.D. (1950), Orthopedic Surgery at North-Western University, U.S.A. (1954). Career: Orthopedic Surgeon, Professor at French Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Beirut. Pubi.: Author of a number of studies traumatisms of the knee published in the Journal of Surgery, on knee meniscus (1967); Studies on fractured tibiatriple pinning etc... Award: Commander National Order of Cedar. Member: Fellow F.I.C.S., First President and Founder of the Lebanese Orthopedic Society, member of the french Orthopedic Society, Member of the: Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et traumatologie (S.I.C.O.T.). Prof. Addr.: Orthodox Hospital, Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 166378, Tel.: 01581700, 449892, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Bel Horizon, Adma, Kesrouan, P.O.Box 90-1283 (Jdeidet Metn), Lebanon.

RIFAI (Kamel), Member of Parliament. Born in 1948 in Baalbeck-Hermel. Married to Sawsan Rifai, 3 children: Mohamed (1981), Gilnard (1983), Maammar (1988). Educ.: Secondary, Faculty of Law, Beirut; Diploma of Law from Azhar University; Doctorate in Islamic Studies (Paris University). Career: Professor of Islamic Literature, Lebanese University; Member of Trustees of Al Azhar Bekaa and Member of Dean Council at Al Azhar University; Founder/Member of Baalbeck Development Society; Elected Deputy of Baalbeck-Hermel (2005-to date). Addr.: Chamber of Deputies, Place de l'Etoile, Parliament Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon. RIFI (Achraf), Director of Security Forces. Born on April 1, 1954 in Tripoli (North Lebanon). Married to Salimeh Abdel Razzak Adib, 4 children: Ahmad, Karim, Amai and Hana. Educ.: Military Academy, Lebanese University. Dipl.: Lebanese Baccalaureate, Mathematic Department (1972-73); Licence in Social Sciences; Ability Licence in Criminology. Lan* rages: Arabic, French and English. Career: Occupied several positions: Brigadier, chief of Information Department; Chief of Personal Secret Criminal Department; Chief of the State Security Division; Chief of Directorate of State Security in Tripoli; Assistant, General Inspector to the Internal Security; Followed several sessions in Ottawa - Canada (1982), Jordan (1983), France (1986), Saudi Arabia (1987). Participated in several Conferences and Symposium in Austria, Japan, Egypt, Tunisia, Canada, France (Paris, Lyon), Saudi Arabia and Syria. Awards: National Order of Merit (1st, 2nd and 3rd classes); War Order; Order of Dawn of the South (Fajr el Jounoub); Knight, National Order of Cedar; Casualties Medal. Addr.: Ministry of the Interior, Hamra, facing Bank of Lebanon, Ministry's Bldg., Beirut, Lebanon.

RIFAAT (Hassan-Tabet), Attorney-at-Law, Arbitrator, Former Director general of the Ministry of Justice, Hon. State Counselor, Former President of Central Inspection, Professor at School of Law of St. Joseph University. Born on 1 Sept. 1934 in Beirut. Married 3 children. £duc.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Ecole Supérieures des lettres. Dipl.: LLB. (Licences française et libanaise en droit), DES Economics and DES Public Law - Diploma in Latin Studies and Diploma in French Literature, Ph.D. in law (Docteur d'Etat en Droit, Lyon University). Career: Lawyer until 1961, Magistrate from 1962 until 1987, Lecturer at Law Faculty and the Institute of Social Sciences, former Director General of the Ministry of Justice and former President of Central Inspection. Presently Attorney-at-law. Pubi.: Author of various articles and quarterly reviews on human rights and public liberties published in "Proche-Orient, Etudes Juridiques", annual chronicle on human rights in Lebanon published in UN Year-book of Human Rights, "Les Libertés Publiques en Droit Positif Libanais", 1965. Member: Institute International de Droit d'Expression Française, Paris. Award: Grand Officer, National Order of

RIFKA (Fuad, Elias), Academic. Born on Dec. 29, 1930 in Beirut Lebanon. Son of Elias Rifka (deceased) and Mrs. Sara Rifka (deceased). Married in 1973 in Beirut to Miss Sana' Owaiss, 2 children: Elias and Masha. Educ.: High School Certificate, Tripoli Boys' School, Tripoli; Bachelor of Arts (Philosophy) American 286

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University of Beirut, Lebanon, 1953; Masters of Arts (Philosophy) American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 1956; Ph.D. (Philosophy) University of Tubingen, Germany 1965. Teaching Experience: Haigazian College (Beirut, Lebanon) Islamic Philosophy (1960-61); Beirut University College (Beirut, Lebanon) Philosophy and Cultural Studies (1966-); Indiana State University (U.S.A.) Philosophy (1976-77); American University of Beirut (Beirut - Lebanon) Philosophy and Cultural Studies (1978). Scholarships: DAAD, 1- The German Academic Exchange Service: a. Jan. 1962-Jan. 1966 for study (Tubingen Germany); b. July 1968-Sept. 1968 for research (Tübingen, Germany); c. July 1972-Sept. 1972 for research (Tubingen, Germany); d. Sept. 1981 for research (Freiburg, Germany); e. Aug. 1985-Sept. 1985 for research (Freiburg, Germany); f. Summer 1989 for research (Berlin, Germany); g. Summer 1993 for research (Munich). 2. Fulbright-Hays Scholarship, USA Sept. 1976-May 1976 for research (Michigan State University). 3. Fulbright-hays scholarship, USA Mar. 1983-June 1983 for research (Library of Congress, Washington D.C. U.S.A.). 4. The Rockfeller Foundation, USA 1984 Study Conference Center, Bellagio, Italy. 5. Europäisches UbersetzerKollegium, Germany; Summer 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 Straelen, Germany. 6. University of East Anglia, England (15 Aug. - 30 Sept. 1991) 7. University of East Anglia, England, Summer 1992 (one month). 8. Bayerische Ruckversicherung, Summer 1993. 9. Kulturreferat der Hauptstadt München, Summers 1994 and 1995. Pubi.: Anchor on the Bay, Poetiy (Arabic), 1961; Yearning of Threshold Poetry (Arabic), 1965; Rainer Maria Rilke (Selected poems translated from German into Arabic), 1969; The Grass that Dies, poetry (Arabic), 1970; Poetry and death, Critical and philosophical essays (Arabic), 1973; Friedrich Hölderlin (Selected poems translated from German into Arabic), 1975; Signs of the Ending Time, Poetry (Arabic), 1975; Wild Rivers, Poetry (Arabic), 1982; Contemporary American Poetry (Selected American poetry translated into Arabic), 1985; George Traki (Selected poems translated from German into Arabic), 1986; Diary of a wood collector, Poetry (Arabic), 1988 Appeared in German 1990; Friedrich Hölderlin (Selected poems translated from German into Arabic), 1989; Basket of Sheikh Dar-wich, Poetry (Arabic) 1990; Novalis (Selected poems translated from German into Arabic) 1991; Poems of a red Indian, Poetry (Arabic) 1992 appeared in German 1994; Jar of the Samante, Poetry (Arabic) 1995; The Ruin of the Sufi 1998; The Valley of Rituales 2002 under translation in German; Oily Komenda-Soentgerath: (Selected poems from German in Arabic) 1994; Rainer Maria Rilke: (Duince Elegies), from German into Arabic) 1997; Rainer Maria Rilke: (Sonette an Orpheus), from German into Arabic, 2000; Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Selected poems from German into Arabic) 1999; Baider (A Collection at Essays) 2000. Others: Held Lectures, read papers and poetry at several

universities in the United States, Europe, and the Arab World; Attended several conferences in the United States, Europe, and the Arab World; Interviewed by daily papers, monthly journals, televisions and other means of communication; A member in a group of poets that founded a quarterly journal called shi'r (poetry) 1957-65, 1967-70; Poems of mine tranlated into English, French, German, Italian, Finnish, and other languages, either in anthologies or in journals; name appears in: "Who's who in Lebanon", the arab World, and in Larousse; Translated the Bible into modem Arabic. (Appeared 1993); Wrote 365 stories from the Bible for children. (Appeared in 1994); Prize from the Arts Ministry of Austria in 1991 for his occupation with the lyric of the German Language. Prof. Addr.: Lebanese American University, P.O.Box 13-5053, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Abdul Rahim Diab Str., Beirut, Lebanon. RIGA (Anthony), General agent of companies. Porn on 13 Dec. 1922 in Beirut. Married, 1 daughter. E^uc.: Secondary. Dipl.: Baccalauréat (secondary education certificate). Career: Maritime and civil aviation agent. Awards: Officer, National Order of Cedar; Comrndr., Order of Christ (Portugal); Bronze Medal, Encouragement to progress. Member: Rotary club, Yacht club. Sports; Horseriding, swimming, tennis. Priv. Addr.: New Naccache, Clovis Tohme Bldg., Tel.: 04-417294, 406882, Fax: 04-413667, Beirut Suburb, Lebanon. RIHANI (Ameen, Albert), University Professor and Writer. Born in 1942 in Beirut, Lebanon. Son of Albert F. Rihani (Publisher) and Mrs. Loreen S. Schucair. Married to Samira Ay ash in 1974,3 children: Serene (1975), Reem (1978), Khaled (1981). Educ.: International College, Beirut; American University of Beirut; Lebanese University. Dipl.: BA: Political Sciences, MA: Arabic Literature, Ph.D.: Bilingual Literature. Career: Tought Arabic Literature and Philosophy at AUB and LAU (198489); Director General of Baghdad International School (1990-91) and Bahrain Bayan Schools (1991-96); Presently Vice-President for Research and Development, Notre-Dame University (NDU). Pubi: Essays of Literary Criticism: 1. Aqualeemun-Nafs al-Mutamadiya (Provinces of a Far Going Soul), Dar al-Jadid Publishing House, Beirut, 1996, 119 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 9 articles. International Book Number: ISBN: 2-910355-49-7; 2. Madar-ul-Kalima (The Word's Wadering Sphere), Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani Publishing House, Beirut, 1981, 280 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 30 articles. Library of Congress Catalog Number: (MLCS 82/1761); 3. Maraya Muta'akisa (Confronting Mirrors), Dar al-Kitab alLubnani Publishing House, Beirut, 1982, 250 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 7 articles. Library of Congress Catalog Number: (PN519.A7 R54 1982). Free Verse: 4. 'Ala Difaf-il-'Urjuwan (On The

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Edge of Purple), The Rihani Printing and Publishing House, Beirut, 1970, 109 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 8 articles. Library of Congress Catalog Number: (PJ7860. 1453 A8); 5. Luma' Mashrikiya (Oriental Sparkles), The Rihani Printing and Publishing House, Beirut, 1966, 122 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 13 articles. Library of Congress Catalog Number: (PJ860.1453 L8); 6. Quira'at Ala Wajhiha War-Raheel (Readings on Her Face and Departure), The Arab Institute for Research and Publishing Beirut, 1981, 75 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 15 articles, Library of Congress Catalog Number: (MLCS 82/1761). Letters: 7. Tukus-ul Maa', Rasa'il Ila Serene (Water Rituals, Letters To Serene), Dar Sader Publishers, Beirut, 1999, 224 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 16 articles. International Book Number: ISBN: 0-96343-493-4. Linguistic Studies: 8. Lughaat 'Arabiya (Arabic Languages), Dar al-Jadid Publishing House, Beirut, 1994, 80 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 8 articles. Library of Congress Catalog Number: (PJ6830.2) International Book Number: ISBN: 2-910355-14-4 Literary Studies: 9. alYanabi' al-Mansia (Forgotten Springs), Riad el-Rayyes Books Ltd. Publishers, Beirut, 2000, 393 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 4 articles. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. International Book Number: IBSN: 1-85513-466-7; 10. FaylasufiilFuraika (The Philosopher of Freike), Dar al-Jeel Publishing House, Beirut, 1987, 455 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 15 articles. Library of Congress Catalog Number: (PJ7860:I45 Z87 1987); 11. Qualamon Yafukur-Rasd (The Breakthrough Pen), Dar alKitab al-Lubnani Publising House, (First Edition), Beirut, 1977, 213 pages; Dar al-Kitab al-Misri Publishing House, (Second Edition), Cairo, 1977, 208 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 8 articles. Library of Congress Catalog Number: (PJ7824, A4 Z84 1977), Play: 12. Wa Yaskutu-l-Umru 'An Darraja (And Life Falls From a Bicycle), Dar al-Jeel Publishing House, Beirut, 1987, 452 pages. Number of Articles Published on the Book: 5 articles, Library of Congress Catalog Number: (PJ8085. M63). Translation: 13. al-'Ahd-ul Jadeed (The New Testament), translated from English, The Arab World Publications (First and Second Editions), Beirut and Cairo, 1980 and 1981, 374 pages; Lunt Publications (Third Edition), Bombay, 1982, 382 pages; 14. al-Khasmul Habeeb (The Beloved Enemy), translated novel from English original by Mary Weberly, Harlequin Publishing House, Nicosia, New York, Toronto, 1983,160 pages. Essays Published in Books and/or Papers Presented in Conferences by Atneen Albert Rihani: "Ameen F. Rihani and Multicultural Themes", Multicultural Writers from Antiquity to 1945, Greenwood Press, Connecticut and London, 2002. "Preface" to the Isagoge or Introduction to Logic, Notre-Dame University Press, Beirut, 2001. "The Book of Khalid and the Prophet", The Gibran International

Conference, University of Meryland, College Park, MD. Dec. 9-12, 1999; "Letters of Intellectual Dialogue", May Ziade Conference, UNESCO Palace, Beirut, Oct. 13,1999; "Al-Hoda Multidimensional Role", al-Hoda Centennial Tribute Symposium, New York, Dec., 3, 1998; "The Western Cultural Experience of an Eastern Writer", International Conference on Khalil Gibran and Ameen Rihani Prophets of Lebanese American Literature, NotreDame University, Lebanon, Aug. 18-21, 1998; "The Family's Role in Education", Supporting the Family in Developing Society, Gulf Countries Council, Social Affairs Publications, Manama, Bahrain, Nov., 1995; "The Metaphore in Modem Arabic Poetry", al-Marbid Poetry Book, Ministry of Culture Publications, Baghdad, Iraq, 1989; "Incentives and Results of an Arab Writing in English", A Renaissance Pioneer From Lebanon, a book collected by The League of Lebanese Writers, Dar al-'Ilm Lil-Malayeen, Beirut, Lebanon, 1988; "Life, a Center of Gravity, in the Literature of Tawfic Y. Awwad", Tawfic Y. Awwad Literary Studies, Librairie du Liban, Beirut, Lebanon, 1987; "Khalil Gibran and Ameen Rihani", In Memory of Gibran, The First Colloquium on Gibran Studies, Collected, Edited and Introduced by Dr. Suheil Bushrui, American University of Beirut, and Dr. Albert Mutlak. Lebanese University. Librairie du LibanPublishers, Beirut, Lebanon, 1981. Articles Published in Specialized and/ or Refereed Journals by Ameen Albert Rihani: "The University Degree, an Employment Tool or a Tool for a Productive Culture", The Scientific Research Journal, The National Council for Scientific Research, Beirut, Lebanon, Dec. 1998; "A Literary Description of Bahrain during the Third Decade of this Century", Bahrain Cultural Studies, Manama, Bahrain, July 1997; "The Notion of Modernism in Contemporary Arab Poetry", a comparative study, Al Marbid Literary Studies, Baghdad, Iraq, May 1989; "The Principles of Ameen F. Rihani's Political Thought", Arab Issues Journal, Beirut, Lebanon, and Baghdad, Iraq, Jan. 1980; "The Meaning of Arabism in Rihani's Thought", Arab Issues Journal, Beirut, Lebanon, and Baghdad, Iraq, Apr. 1976. Professional Memberships: Association for the Advancement of International Education, U.S.Α.; Association of College Administration Professionals, U.S.A.; Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, U.S.A.; Middle East Association for International Baccalaureate, Bahrain; Middle States Association for Colleges and International Schools, U.S.A.; The Historical Society of Norwood, U.S.A.; Union of Lebanese Writers, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: NDU (Notre-Dame University), Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, P.O.Box 72 (Zouk Mikael), Tel.: 09218950/51, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Freike, Metn, Tel.: 04926062, 914021, Lebanon. RIZK (Assaad, Toufic), Former Minister of Industry and Oil. Born in 1931 in Beirut. Son of Toufic Rizk (Surgeon) and Mrs., née Olga Assaad Toubia. Married in 288

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1959 to Miss Colette Le Breton, 3 children: Toufic, Fady and Samy. Educ.: St. Joseph University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Paris. Dipl.: M.D., from the Faculty of Medicine of Paris (1954), Agrege Professor from French Faculties. Career: A.I.H.P., Chief of Urology Clinic in Paris, (1954-60), full Urology Professor at the French Faculty of Medicine of Beirut, Surgeon at Rizk Clinic of Beirut, Minister of Education and Social Affairs (9 Dec. 1976-16 Jul., 1979); also Minister of Oil and Industry (20 Dec. 1978- 16 July 1979); Minister of Industry and Oil (Octl992-May 1995); Appointed Minister of Justice(2005) and Appointed by interim Minister of Culture, Education and Higher Education(2005). Pubi.: Author of a number of studies on digestive and urinary surgery. Awards: Légion d'Honneur (France), Merit Order (Italy). Member: American College of Surgeons, 1969. Prof. Addr.: Rizk Clinic, Zahar Str., Ashrafiyeh, P.O.Box. 11-3288, Tel.: 01328800, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Zahar Str., Naufal Bldg., Ashrafiyeh, Tel.: 01-327953, Beirut, Lebanon.

General of the Ministry of Information, Beirut (1977-78); President of Tele Liban, Beirut (1978-83); President of Data Management Inc., Beirut (1983-88); President of Data Managers International Ltd. and Manager of Infcplus SARL, Beirut (1988 to date); Personal representative of the President of the Lebanese Republic at the "Organisation International de la Francophonie" (1998 to date). Appointed Minister of Information (2005) then Minister of Justice (2005-to date). Languages: Aràbic, French, English. Pubi.: "Le Régime Politique Libanais", Librairie Générale de Droit et Jurisprudence, Paris 1966. "Entre l'Islam et l'Arabisme", Albin Michel, Paris 1983. "Les Arabes ou l'Histoire a Contresens", Albin Michel 1992. Priv. Addr.: Nazareth Str., Tel.: 01-217459, 327515, Beirut, Lebanon. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Geitawa, P.O.Box 166013, Tel.: 01-561037, Beirut, E-mail: [email protected]. lb, Lebanon. RIZK (Edmond Amine), Lawyer, former deputy, man of letters. Born on 11 March 1934 at Jezzine (South Lebanon). Son of Amine Rizk and Mrs. Nadima Nassif. Married on 27 August 1959 to Miss Renée Christodoulou (M.A., philosophy), 6 children: Amine, Bahjat, Nadim, Naji, Fady and Joumana. Educ.: Notre Dame de Mashmoushi, al-Hikmat College, St. Joseph University of Beirut, A.L.B.A. Dipl.: LL.B. Career: Writer, lawyer since 1959, Editorialist. Elected Deputy for Jezzine (19681992), Minister of Education and Information (1973-74); Minister of Justice and Information and P.T.T. (1989-90); Represented Lebanon in many international and Arab conferences. Pubi.: Author of : "Ranin al-Farah (1958)", "Ara' wa Dima' (1971)", "La Dodécalogie (collection of 12 books)" (1996), "Shahada Wa Mawakif' (2004). Member : Founded "Athuraya" (1956). Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Adib Ishak Street, Etoile Bldg. P.O.Box 165855, Tel.: 01201167, 01-217666, Fax: 01-201166. Priv. Addr.: Sin elFil, Horch Tabet, Ivoire Bldg, Tel.: 01-502243, 01-482556, Beirut, Lebanon.

RIZK (Bahjat, Edmond), Lawyer. Born on 15 June 1961 in Jezzine, Lebanon. Son of Edmond Rizk (Lawyer, former deputy) and Mrs., née Renée Christodoulou. Educ.: Notre-Dame of Jamhour, St. Joseph University, London University, Sorbonne University. Dipl.: LLM in Law, Masters in Philosophy and B.A. in Pol. Sc., DEA in comparative literature Career: Lawyer since 1983; Teacher of Philosophy at Athénée de Beirut College (198689), teacher at AUB, BUC, NDU, and Haygazian University (1986-89) teaching Islamic Political thought, Modem Islamic Political Inst., International Public Law, History of the Modern World (1985-70) and Business Law; Appointed at the Lebanese delegation at UNESCO Paris in 1990. Pubi.: "Identité en Fuite" (1981), "Passions" (1990); "Meres Intérieures" (1991); "L'Identité pluriculturelle Libanaise" (2001); Wrote "The Evolution of the liberal Concept of Human Rights" and "The Notion of the Body" (not published). Sports: Swimming, jogging. Hobby: reading. Member: Cercle Philosophique de Beirut, Club Culturel Libanais de Paris. Prof. Addr.: Lebanese delegation at UNESCO, 1 Miollis Str., 75015 Paris, Tel.: 45683380, France. Priv. Addr.: 22 Emile Zola Avenue, 75015 Paris, Tel.: 45756006, France.

RIZK (Elias), Director of Administration NDU -OCP. Born on Oct. 4, 1956 at Barsa (el-Koura), Lebanon Son of Rizkallah Rizk and Mrs. Racha. Married on Au£. 17, 1991 to Miss Vicky Wanna, three children: Caren (Sept. 4. 1992), Christian (Jan. 27. 1994), Carl (Nov. 11. 1999). Educ.: Collège des Frères - Tripoli, Beirut University College. Dipl.: BS - Business Computer (1985), MBA Pacific Western University (1992), Preparing Ph.D. in Political Science (now). Career: Public Relations Purchasing - Maintenance - Housing NDU - OCP 1990 to present; Director of Administration - NDU - OCP - 1992 to present. Other Information: Purchasing Manager of Sugar Refinery, Chekka (1985-90). Medals: Beirut University College - Distinguished List (1983-84). Sports: Skiing - horseback riding. Hobby: Travelling. Clubs: Rotary International, el-Koura Club. Addr.: Notre-Dame

RIZK (Charles), Minister, Former President of Tele Liban. Born on 20 July 1935 in Beirut. Son of Mr. Antoine Rizk. Married on 21 Dec. 1968 to Miss Nayla Schoucair, 2 daughters: Joanna and Carine. Educ.: University of Paris and Institute of Political Studies, Paris. Dipl.: Doctorate in Law. Licence ès-Lettres, Diploma of the Institute of Political Studies, Paris. Career: Director of Studies, Civil Service Board, Beirut (1960-67); Lecturer, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Beirut (1962-67); Director General of the Ministry of Information, Beirut (1967-70); Inspector General, Central Inspection, Beirut (1970-73); Director General of the Litani Authority, Beirut (1973-77); Director

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Solid State Physics, Modem Physics, Statistical Physics and Physics of Semiconductors. Research on Electronic Materials; Amorphus Semiconductors and Chalcogenide Glasses. Pubi.: about fifteen publications in International Scientific Reviews or in Proceedings of conferences, Symposium or Meetings. Fulbright Scholar visitor in U.S.A. (1986); Scholarships and invitations to France (1979, 1982, 1984). Sports: Swimming, jogging. Hobby: Reading. Member: European Physical Society, Jezzine Lions Club. Priv. Addr.: Hazmieh, Mar Boutros & Boulos Str., Bitar Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 04-454013, Lebanon.

University (NDU), Barsa el-Koura, Tel.: 06-416100, Fax: 06-416103, P.O.Box 87 Tripoli, North Lebanon. RIZK (Mourad T.), M.D. doctor in internal medicine. Born on 17 May 1932 in Saifi, Beirut. Son of Dr. Toufic Mourad Rizk (MD) and Mrs., née Marie Rizk. Married to Hind née Bassile daughter of Sheikh Michel Bassile on 10 Aug. 1974,3 children: Danielle (20 June 1975), Mireille (8 Nov. 1977), Pierre (6 Oct. 1979). Educ.: Lycée Français des Garçons (Beirut); Université de l'Etat de Liege, Belgium. Dipl.: Doctor in Internal Medicine, Graduate in Natural and Medical Sciences. Career: M.D. Generalist, started practicing in Liege, Belgium; private clinic in Lebanon since 1972, as well as a Medical Center at Baabdate. Hobby: Pottering, do-it-yourself. Prof. Addr.: Clinic, Baabdate Square, near St. Georges Church, Villa Mourad, Tel.: 04-820497, 03-371703, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Baabdat, Tel.: 04-820497, Lebanon.

ROHBAN (Louis Rizk, Rev.), Antonin Cleric. Born on Dec. 30, 1930 at Zghorta, Lebanon. Son of Michel Rohban, Instructor and Mrs., née Maria Zailoua. Educ.: Collège Antonin - Baabda (Lebanon) - Université de Lyon (France) - Universitas Anselmiana (Rome) - Universitas Lateranensis (Rome). Dipl.: Licence ès-Lettres, Licentia in Theologia, Doctor in Civil and Canon Law. Career: Representative of Antonin Order Near the Holy See (1963) - Public Prosecutor of the Maronite Tribunal (1975) Rector of The Antonine University (1997). Prof. Addr.: Antonine University, Hadath, Baabda, Lebanon, P.O.BOX 40016 Baabda, Tel.: 05-924073/4/6/7, Fax: 05-924075, Lebanon.

RIZK (Riad, Khalil), Engineer. Born on 12 Apr. 1920 at Broumana (Lebanon). Son of Khalil Rizk. Married on 6 Sept. 1951 to Miss Iside Maccarinelli, 2 children: Khalil and Mona. Educ.: Broumana High School, American University of Beirut, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) Dipl.: B.A. from AUB, B.Sc. (engineering) from M.I.T. Career: Lecturer at AUB Engineering School (1940-43), contracting engineer (1944-45), Graduate School (M.I.T.) (1946-47), board chairman of the National Engineering and Contracting Co. since 1948, President Engineers and Architects Association of Beirut (1966-68); President, cedars overseas Construction Co. (1988-). Act.: Eternit factory Chekka, highway Beirut- Nahr el-Kalb, Agronomy School Science complex of AUB, industrial complex of the State Tobacco Monopoly at Hadath, Karaoun Litani Dam, etc. Award: Officer, National order of Cedar. Member: Golf Club of Lebanon. AUB Engineering Alumni Association. Sports: Tennis, swimming, golf. Prof. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Bourj Rizk Bldg., 1st floor, Tel.: 01-327898, Beirut, Lebanon. Priv. Addr.: Ashrafieh, Sursock Str., Chammas Bldg., 6th floor, Tel.: 01-335346, Beirut, Lebanon.

RONCAGLIA (Martiniano Pellegrino, César), Orientalist. Born in 1923 at Reggiolo (Reggio-Emilia, Italy). Son of Cesar Roncaglia and Mrs., née Zaira Copelli. Married to Miss Prof. Dr. Samira Antoun Bassil; B.A. Prof. (USA), 2 children: Paola and Christina. Educ.: University of Paris (1949-53), Ecole des Hautes Etudes (Sorbonne) (1949-53), Collège de France (1949-53), University of Munich (1951), Fulda (1950 and 1951). Dipl.: M.D. (military medicine) (1941), Ph.D. (Sorbonne) (1953), Diploma of Higher Studies (Sorbonne) (1953). Career: Founder and former Director of the "Institute for Christian Oriental Studies" (Muski-Cairo 1954-58), "Christian Oriental Studies" (Cairo 1954-58), Chairman Languages Faculty (Cairo 1956-60), Professor of Islamic law and History of Coptic Civilisation (1954-56), member Government Commission of Examination at Lycée Français of Cairo (1957-60), of Examination Commission for Arab League Staff (1960), Wissenschaftlicher Bibliothe-kar and Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in the Oriental Institute of the Deutsche Morgenlaendische Gesellschaft, Beirut (Since 1961), visiting professor to universities of Frankfurt, Main (1964), of Geneva (1969), of American University of Beirut (1970-71), of Lyon (1971-75), for Coptic Philology and History, reorganized the Orientalist Library of "Orientalisches Seminar", Fribourg University (1964). Since 2002 Assistant Director "The Arab Institute for East and West Studies", Saroulla Bldg., 6/32 Hamra, Beirut. Pubi.: Author of numerous studies published in Orientalist Journals and encyclopedias (375 titles), editions of texts and documents in Greek,

RIZK (Richard), Former Professor of physics. Born on 7 Dec. 1947 in Beirut. Son of Boutros Rizk (Administrator) and Georgette Rizk. Married on 26 Aug. 1978 in Beirut to Adeline Sayegh, two children: Pierre (born on 29 Feb. 1980) and Chadi (born on 1 Jan. 1983). Educ.: Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, University de Paris; Faculté de Pedagogic, University Libanaise; college de la Sagesse Beirut. Dipl.: Doctorat d'Etat en Sciences Physiques; Doctorate 3rd cycle (Solid Physics); Masters in Physics. Career: Associate Professor, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University (1977-78); Head of Department of Phisics (1978-83); Director of Faculty of Sciences (198386), Professor of Physics, Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, Lebanese University (1986); Teacher of

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Latin, old French, old Italian, etc. Editor of collections "Coptica", 3 vols., "Studia et Documenta Oreintalia", 6 vols., publication of 18 volumes on Orientalist and oriental subjects, founder of the journal "Studia Orientalia", (Cairo) today "Collectanea", author also of a "History of the Coptic Church" in 20 vols., numerous lectures in Paris, USA (many universities and highschools), Fribourg, Frankfurt, Tuebingen, Palermo, Alexandria, Cairo, Beirut, Tripoli (Lebanon), Geneva, Dijon, Rome, Naples. Dist.: Member of Deutsche Morgenlaendische Gesellschaft (1963), of Société Asiatique of Paris (1951), of International Society for Oriental Studies (Istanbul since 1958); of Intern, Society of Coptic studies. Awards: Knight (1st class), Merit Order of the Italian Republic (1971); Verdienstkreuz I Klasse, Federal Republic of Germany (1971), Merit Order of the Cedars, Republic of Lebanon (1973), etc. Hobbies: Poetry, music, dancing. Priv. Addr.: Prof. Dr. M.P. Roncaglia, Sagesse Str., Georges Saliba Bldg., 30 Jdeideet el-Metn, Tel.: +961-1882785, Lebanon. Office: The Arab Institute for East and West Studies-Assistant Director, Hamra, Saroulla Bldg., 6th Floor, no.32, Tel.: 01-747703, Beirut, Lebanon.

committee of the "Ghada" magazine; Director of several radio stations, particularly: "Radio Delta" and "Radio Capitole"; Founded the Club "Paradise of Poetry" where poetic sessions are held every Friday in Spring and Summer; Since 1993 Teacher in secondary schools for mor than 40 years. He is at present the Director of the Arabic Section in the Mont La Salle College, one of Lebanon's major High Schools. Pubi.: Author of 19 books: academic textbooks, poetry, novels; Published articles in the Press on literature, patriotic and philosophical subjects. Member of the "Academy of Lebanese Thought". Awards: Said Akl Prize for July 2000. Addr.: Achkout, Malakout achChiir, Tel.: 03-343872, Lebanon; Beit-Mery, Place Beit-Mery, Nassib Raad Bldg., 2nd floor, Tel.: 04-871587, Lebanon. RUBEIZ (George, Α.), Physician. Born in 1927 in Beirut. Son of Abdu Rubeiz (blacksmith) and Mrs., née Rubeiz. Married in 1960 in Beirut to Miss Daad Khoury (M.D.), 3 children: Helen, Nelly and Abdallah. Educ.: Collège de la Salle, International College, American University of Beirut. Dipl.: B.A. (1949), M.D. (1953). Fellowship at Harvard Medical School (Boston), Mass. USA. Career: Physician and teacher of medicine and heart diseases. Decor.: Lebanese order of Merit (1967). Sport: Swimming. Hobbies: Classical music, hiking. Member: Alumni Club (AUB), Fellow American College of Cardiology. Prof. Addr.: American University Medical Center, Tel.: 01-350000, 865250, Beirut. Priv. Addr.: Rubeiz Bldg., Rubeiz Str., Tel.: 01-345225, Beirut, Lebanon.

ROUHANA (Rafik, Anis), Academic, Poet. Born in 1942, in Wadi Chahrour, Lebanon. Educ.: Licence in Arabic Literature from the Lebanese University in 1963, Magister in Arabic Literature from the Lebanese University in 1979, Thesis for a Ph.D. in Arabic, subject: Revolution of the language and the characters. Career: Host to several television programs between 1961-71, then 1999 on, over Tele Liban; Member of the editing

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publish specials on events and people, an activity, which has been successful and popular over the years. At his capacity as Executive Editor, he wrote a political weekly column (every Friday) to the editorial page. His major interest, since 1965, is development and educational issues. During his career, (since 1961), He looked over financial and economic topics. He held several managerial posts at an-Nahar and its different weekly supplements and was Editor of "An-Nahar's" Weekly for Development (1974-75). In 1977, due to the war in Lebanon, He moved to Paris where He launched, as Managing Editor of "AnNahar Al Arabi Wal Duwali" the international weekly edition of an-Nahar Beirut. He spent fourteen year? with Reader's Digest, the American based international publishing company as Editor (1978-93) of its Arabic edition "al-Mukhtar". Reader's Digest has more than 30 editions in 19 languages and its circulation exceeds 27 million copies. Along with his experience in the dailies, the weeklies and the monthlies, He was designated in 1985 by the publisher of an-Nahar to manage the bookpublishing house "Dar an-Nahar", while working with the Reader's Digest. He remained with "Dar an-Nahar'' till the end of 1998. Other Information: He attended several international seminars on different topics such as Comparative Journalism (Sali, Yugoslavia, June-July 1971), Development Information (Cairo, May 1974), Population Issues (World Population Conference, Bucharest, Aug. 1974), organized by the United Nations Center for Economic and Social Information. Pubi.: He published articles, studies and lectured at several universities in Lebanon on media problems. AwaM r » l > r - V \ t r \ . · ÙJW

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Vanuatu Vatican Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, U S W Wallis and Futuna Islands Western Sahara Y Yemen Yugoslavia Ζ Zaire

Zambia Zimbabwe

Remarks^ - F o r C o u n t r i e s n o t listed, p l e a s e refer to o u r i n t e r n a t i o n a l Division. - W e r e s e r v e t h e r i g h t t o w i t h d r a w o u r s e r v i c e i n a n y c o u n t r y , if w e d e e m it n e c e s s a r y , w i t h o u t a n y p r i o r n o t i c e . M E C I C O International. Geöeon House 1 3 9 - 1 4 1 John Kennedy Street, J·» el-Bocha P.O Box 1 6 6 1 4 2 . Beirut-LEBANON Tel.: 0 1 - 4 9 5 4 0 1 / 2 / 3 . Fax: 0 1 - 4 9 3 3 3 0 . Ε-Moil: nwcicofildm.net.lb

/V\ECICO

INTERNATIONAL

Established 1868

A FEW FACTS ABOUT MECICO INTERNATIONAL DEBT COLLECTION SERVICE M E C I C Ö Collection service can handle all your claims, even the difficult ones which you might have written off! Our unique mix of experience and contacts produces results: - Our staff of former banking, credit and marketing professionals average over 20 years experience in trade financing, credit and collections. - We have developed valuable direct contacts in about 200 countries throughout the world (as per list attached). We are always among the first to learn about new strategies and developments. - We employ a consulting approach to resolve your claim, based on country strategy derived from country intelligence. In some areas influence works. In other cases barter or counter trade is necessary. - We have transformed some of our clients into individual profit centers by recovering their bad debt. Perhaps we can do the same for you in any part of the world. Our collection service offers these features and benefits: - We have our own foreign offices or direct correspondents conducting our debt collection business. - For normal debt collections, our fees range from 5% to 30% approx. depending on particular circumstances, such as: age of the debt, quality of the debt, country risk, amount involved, documentation, etc. - For special debt collections, we shall evaluate each case before we quote our fees. - You will mantain control of funds. Remittances are made in your name to your account, unless agreed upon otherwise. - You will be notified of new developments immediately in writing. We know you may be called upon to account for our progress so we'll keep you up-to-date. - Retainers are usually not required, unless a legal procedure is requested on which you will have to give us your written approval beforehand. - Your identity is held in the strictest of confidence, unless deemed necessary and only with your approval. Send us a brief on your most difficult problem under no obligation. We will be happy to advise how we can be of service to you.

/V\ECICO

INTERNATIONAL

Established 1 8 6 8

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A FEW FACTS ABOUT MECICO INTERNATIONAL CREDIT REPORTING SERVICE THE ORGANIZATION: - Well established credit agency with over 2 0 years experience, belonging to the G E D E O N Group established 1 8 6 8 . - Has its own foreign offices or direct correspondents all over the world, conducting up-to-date credit investigations. Therefore, you will never receive a report that is out-dated. - Member of several associations for credit information organizations. - Authorized source of credit information by several governmental insurance companies.

THE SERVICE: - Reports on all forms of businesses in all countries of the world, as per list attached. - Regular users report over 2 5 % savings with worldwide usage. - Report turnover time is four to six weeks (or faster by fax). - 3 types of reports: NORMAL, EXPRESS and S U P E R EXPRESS. - You pay only for what you use. Statements are mailed monthly. - There is no contract to sign and no quantity commitments. - Your identity is always held in the strictest confidence.

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A COLLECTION SERVICE IN EVERY PORT - and many other places, to - when you deal with M E C I C O

When a debtor skips, call us. We trace him, to collect your debt and then he pays it to you.

Try it!

PAPER CONVERTING COMPANY (Middle East)

S.A.L.

This firm was established in 1 9 6 6 in Beirut, Lebanon. It is specialized in the production of telex rolls, fax rolls, cash register rolls, self-adhesive labels, printed rolls, etc. It was the first manufacturer in the Middle East of one time carbon paper which is currently used for continuous stationery forms and snap-out-forms.

It exports its products to

some

countries of the Middle East, under the brand name P C C PAPER

CONVERTING

COMPANY

(MIDDLE

EAST)

SAL.

P . O . B o x 1 1-6465. Beirut - L E B A N O N . Tel.: 01-492001. Fax: 01-493330. E-Mail: [email protected]

w h ere the past meets tke present

Qatar - a land or contrasts, where ancient and modern coexist side by side. In tke centre oí the Gulf, within easy reach of Europe and Asia, Qatar offers a holiday with a difference — a new destination that brings a touch of the exotic, where a sense of discover)' adds to the enjoyment. Qatar National Hotels Company (QNH) will help you mate the most of your stay in Qatar. Our portfolio of leading hotels, destinations,

recreational transportation

and tour operations ensure that your holiday package will he

comprehensive

— and

professionally managed. Q N H - t h e people who make you feel at home in Qatar

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QATAR PETROCHEMICAL CO. LTD P. 0 . Box 756, Doha, Qatar Tel: (+974) 4321105 / 4777111 Fax: (+974) 4324700 / 4771346 Telex: 4361 QAPCO DH/4871 QAPS DH URL ://www. qapco.com E-mail: [email protected]

QAPCO enjoys today, as a leading producer of Ethylene and Polyethylene in the Middle East, stems from a philosophy that can be summed up in a single word- Commitment. Commitment to Quality . Quality in processes, in production and in customer services.Commitment to Safety . The safety of people and of environment at large . Commitment to Development and Innovation as a means toward our ultimate goal : living up to the expectations of our customers and shareholders and serving people at their convenience wherever they are. It is this philosophy that made lotrène, QAPCO's Polyethylene trademark, a synonym for quality at its highest standards where QAPCO products are sold to over 4,000 customers in 75 countries. Quality and Environmental Management Systems are designed to comply with ISO 9001 : 2000 and ISO 14001:1996 requirements . Compliance to ISO 9001: 2000 and 14001:1996 was assessed and certified by the BVQI Bureau Veritas. It is a philosophy that is deeply ingrained at every level of QAPCO management . Commitment to administrative development, continuous upgrading of performance and services, boosting of human resources and strengthening of the "One -Team" spirit. A philosophy that has made QAPCO and its customers two scales of a single formula of success.

Qatar Petrochemical Company (Qapco) Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO) was established in 1974 and is regarded as a unique and pioneering multinational venture with its shareholders Qatar Petroleum 80%, AtoFina of France 10% and Enichem of Italy 10%. The company began full commercial operations in 1981, and produces Ethylene, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), which it sells under the brand name Lotrene, and Prilled Sulphur from Ethane feedstock (about 80 mmscfd) which is provided by QP from its adjacent NGL plant. With the expansion of the QAPCO plant iif 1996, the Company became the largest producer of LDPE in the Middle East. QAPCO is currently studying the feasibility of setting up a new polyethylene plant, which would take a feedstock ethane from the Dolphin project. QAPCO and AtoFina have already signed a MOU with Qatar Petroleum and Chevron Philips Chemical Company for an ethane cracker at Ras Laffan Industrial city.

& ISO 14001:1996 Environmental Management Systems (EMS). The company is also setting up an Occupational Health & Safety system to meet the requirements of OHSAS 18001. In line with its position as a leading industry in Qatar, QAPCO is committed to providing high quality products, developing value-added technologies through research and development, and ensuring that state-of-the-art logistics are in place to get the products to market. "In 2001, QAPCO produced 535,215 metric tonnes of Ethylene, 382,029 tonnes of LDPE and 40,873 tonnes of sulphur; its sales were 54,441 tonnes 375,453 tonnes and 39,047 tonnes respectively. Approximately, 88% of the plant's ethylene output is used for internal consumption to produce LDPE and used as feedstock by Qatar Vinyl Company. LDPE is also supplied to the Qatar Plastic Products Company."

QAPCO has meanwhile completed a study to increase its ethylene production capacity from 525,000 tonnes/year to 720,000 tonnes/year and carry out de-bottlenecking of its Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) plant.

QAPCO products are sold to customers in the Far East, Indonesia, India and other southern and western Asian nations, in a total of over 65 markets. Recognising the importance of its Far Eastern markets, QAPCO opened offices in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong in April 2002 and in Egypt in May 2002

Maintaining its high standards, QAPCO's management systems received ISO 9002 certification before three years from Bureau Veritas Quality International in 1998 and QAPCO achieved certification of ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems (QMS)

QAPCO also has a shareholding in " Qatofin", a new Joint Venture with AtoFina of France, to participate in the new ethylene cracker project at Ras Laffan, which will form part of the "Q-Chem II" development.

Doing Business in Qatar? Talk to Us First! If you are thinking of establishing trade links or investing in the Gulf's most vibrant economy, you will need a partner who understands the local and regional market. As the country's largest and longest established Qatari bank, with international operations in the heart of London and Paris, and an extensive network of correspondent banks, Qatar National Bank is the partner you are looking for. Our extensive local knowledge, professionalism and unique position at the centre of the Qatari financial community, make Qatar National Bank the perfect c h o i c e for your Trade, Project Finance, Syndication, Investment and Correspondent Banking needs in the rapidly expanding economy of the S t a t e of Qatar.

The only Qatari Bank to win many prestigious International Excellence Awards for six consecutive years

Banker

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Bank of the Ytar 2002 Qatar

QATAR NATIONAL BANK France

State of Qatar

United Kingdom

Head O f f i c e

O n e Mount Street

58 Avenue d'Iena

P. O . B o x 1 0 0 0 , D o h a , Q a t a r

London W 1 Y 6 H Q

7 5 1 1 6 Paris

Tel:

(+974) 440-7407

Tel:

( + 4 4 ) 207 647 2600

Tel:

( + 3 3 ) 1 53 2 3 0 0 77

Fax:

(+974) 441-3753

Fax:

( + 4 4 ) 207 647 2647

Fax:

( + 3 3 ) 1 53 2 3 0 0 7 0

Internet: www.qnh.com.qa R-nrai 1: w e h n i a y t e r @ q a t a r b a n k . c o m

Qatar Fuel Additives Company (QAFAC) was established as a Qatan joint stock company to build, own & operate facilities at Mesaiecd in Qatar for the production''¿ of Methanol and Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) for sale to customers worldwide. QAFAC plant is designed to produce X32.500 Τ PA of Methanol and 610.000 ΤΡΛ of MTBE. The Methanol plant design is based on Κ I technology w hereas MTBE design is based on I < )P technology The sit is an 'L' shaped block with maximum dimension of 1100 m long χ 714 m. w ide occupying 65.5 hectares The missions are to be a world class operation of Methanol and MTBE with commitment to excellence of quality, cost competitiveness and environmental and safely!

QAFAC shareholders 1 . Qatar

Petroleum

(QP)

are:

50%

QP w as establish to be engaged in all phases of the hydrocarbon business, and lo maximize its contribution to the national wealth safe, efficient and environmentally, acceptable exploration of Qatar's hydrocarbon reserves and related petrochemical aetiv ities.

2. Chinese

Petroleum

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(CPC)

20%

CPC is ihe state-owned supplier of oil and refined petroleum producís in the Tai« anoM.· market and involved in the areas of exploration, refining, storage & distribution $ oil & natural gas. as well as the manufacture of petrochemical raw materials. CPC is Taiwan's largest manufacturing enterprise

3. International

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15%

IOL was formed as a private company for the purpose of exploiting the business opportunities thai exist HI the rapidly growing MTBF and Methanol market worldwide. IOL forms part of the Dulco Group of companies, w Inch are acme 111 cu il engineering, information technology and hotels managements in UAE.

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Industry

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15%

LCYC1C is one of the major suppliers of petrochemical products including Methanol. Formaldehyde, I thyl Acetate, Isopropyl Alcohol and Acetone. For the last decade, the company has diverifted into production of high-value-added producís such as synthetic rubber, copper foil, and electronic grade fine chemicals to serve global market.

QAFAC

History: I - IW0 3- 1999

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2- 1997 4- 2000

Construction Reliability Test

Environment:

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QAFAC

environment

goals

are:

I - To be the best environment-friendly corporate citizen. 2- To minimize waste generation & maximize recycling. 3- To raise awareness about environment protection among employees & community We arc designing our Environmental Management System (HMS) on line ihat will lead us to IS< >-14000 certification

Marketing: During the year 2001. the major exports of Methanol were made to countries in Asia. Europe and Middle East. The MTBE was exported to North America and remainig to Europe & Middle East. A total o f 70 vessels of various parcel sizes were safely loaded and sailed out of QAFAC dedicated berth for MTB!: and Methanol, during the year.

Year 2001

Production:

Methanol production for the year was 911,860 MT. which is higher than lasi year production of 762,071 MT. MTBE production was 505,591 MT for the year, which is also higher than last year.

Future

Projects:

QAFAC is looking forward to increase the Methanol production capacity by adding C02 to the -synthc-i-. loop in near future.

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Owned by the State of Qatar and established in 1974,

Jàjï_iiijj=±à Qatar Petroleum

Qatar Petroleum is on course to become the largest gas producer in the world.

Our operations range from exploration and drilling to THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION production, refining and distribution of oil, gas and other

FORTHE LNG.LPGAND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES

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by-products to the world markets.

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QATAR INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION C E N T R E , D O H A . Q ATA R 13 16 O C T O B E R 2 0 0 2

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2002

Thriving on a spirit of enterprise, each of our joint ventures is underpinned by transparency•, innovation and determination to achieve unparalleled standard of both quality and service.

S^Doha Conference on NATURAL GAS 17 - 19 March 2003

In Qatar Petroleum we are committed to one thing above all: Excellence.

14 th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION ON LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS Doha - Qatar. 21 • 24 March 2004 www.lng14.com.qa

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Welcome to Qatar Vinyl Company. A leading producer of low cost high quality vinyl products. 175,000 tonnes of Ethylene Dichloride, 220,000 tonnes of Vinyl Chloride | Monomer and 290,000 tonner Caustic Soda. Locally sourced raw materials, usage of exisiting infrasture and | stringent quality checks have resulted in competitively priced vinyl products. Which are rapidly catching the eye of the international market. In the process, strengthening the Qatari economy.

Qatar Vinyl Company Ltd. QATAR VINYL COMPANY Lid. (O.S.C.)

Mesaieed Industrial City - Plant Site P.O.Box 24440, Doha, Qatar Tel.: +974 476 5888, Fax: +974 476 5777 E-mail: [email protected]

Ever since Qatargas delivered its first L N G cargo to Japan's Chubu Electric Power Company in 1997, we have met or surpassed all of our delivery commitments. With more than 500 cargoes delivered to date - mostly to our eight long-term Japanese customers we've never missed a shipment. Our buyers appreciate our dependability, and we will not disappoint them.

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Sharjah Equestrian & Racing Clu I

Tel:+971-6-531 1 155, Fax:+971-6-53 1 1 1 77, P.O.Box: 1991, Sharjah, UAE E -mai I :frsan@em i rates. net.ae Website:www.forsanuae.org.ae

BROAD SURVEY

361

BROAD SURVEY

Geography PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Lebanon is washed by the Eastern Mediterranean, and is situated approximately at the midpoint of the wide gulf that stretches from the promontory that is Turkey to Egypt. It is bounded to the North by the Nahr al-Kabir; to the south Cape Ras. an-Naqura to the neighbourhood of Bent Jbail and then turns North as far as Metulleh Anjar, crossing the Jordan valley there and rejoining, to the South, the line of the ridge of Mt. Hermon; to the North East the frontier leaves the Nahr al-Kabir, follows Jabal Akkar, one of the links in the subcoastal chain, crosses the great furrow of the Beqaa, and reaches the Anti-Lebanon, which, with the Hermon ridge (Jabal ash-Sheikh), forms the natural frontier of Lebanon to the East. Thus defined, Lebanon is bounded to the North and East by the state of Syria, and to the south by the state of Israel, formerly Palestine. Lebanon's mountains form a veiy simple pattern: on the West, one range, the Lebanon range, parallel to the coast, looks down on a narrow coastal plain; to the East, a second, combining the Anti-Lebanon and the Hermon ranges, runs parallel to the first; secluded between the two is the long plain of the Beqaa.

average width of 1 1/4., continues as far as the opening out of the Plain of Tyre, interrupted only by the Ras Ash-Shak. THE SUB-COASTAL RANGE This consists solely of the Lebanon mountain-range. It starts in the North with Jabal Akkar, which rises above the transverse depression of the Nahr al-Kabir valley. It is continued South by Jabal Makhmal, the highest point of which, Qomet al-Sawda', reaches a height of 10,115 ft. On its western slope is the Cirque of the Cedars, dominated by the Dahr al-Khadib (9,984 ft). The range continues with Jabal Mneitrah (6,847 ft.) which looks down over Aqura and Afqa, where the Nahr Ibrahim, or River Adonis, has its source. The massif grows larger now, in broad humps of bare rock, forming Jabal Sannin (8,557 ft.), at the foot of which rises the Nahr al-Kalb. A dip now allows the passage of the road from Beirut to Zahleh via the Meten and separates Jabal Sannin from Jabal Kenisseh, after which a second dip (the pass of the Dahral-Baidar, 5,027 ft.) allows the road, as well as the narrow gauge railway joining Beirut and Damascus, to cross to the other side of the Lebanon range. Beyond the pass the height of the crests is regularly lower, and includes, successively, Jabal Baruk (6,070 ft.), Jabal Niha (5,936 ft.), and Jabal Rihan. The structure of the Lebanon range is fairly straightforward. On the West, limestone slopes descend in terraces towards the sea. This region is cut into deep narrow gorges; it is dry, and scarcely favours human habitation. In the center, there is a band of sandstone and limestone marl forming the intermediate region, the wast (about 4,500 fit.). The watercourses cut up this sandstone tableland, and it splits apart to form deep and wide valleys. The abundant winter rains feed numerous streams which make good irrigation possible and increase the cultivation value of the terraces of marl. The chief products are wines, olives, cereals, tobacco, mulberries, figs, etc. The Aleppo pine, the cypress, and the arbor vitae are the most common species of trees. There are many villages in this region, Maronite for the most part in the North, and Druze in the South. The summit regions (the jurd) consist, in the North of great rounded greyish tops of Middle Cretaceous rocks. In the South however, the jurd, from Jabal Kenisseh to Jabal Rihan, is Jurassic. The whole region, especially the higher parts in the North, is covered in deep snow in winter. The eastern slopes of the Lebanon range rise almost vertically from the Beqaa valley. Here is a region very sparsely favoured with water; a few wadis, at best, nourished by the melting snow in spring, plunge down the steep slopes, occasionally forming seasonal lakes, as at Yammuneh. THE BEQAA The Beqaa is connected in the North with the transverse corridor of the Nahr al-Kabir, and in the South

THE COASTAL PLAIN This is on the whole quite narrow, but to the North, at the exit from the Nahr al-Kabir valley, it presents special features. Here a wide alluvial plain known as the Akkar Plain, sprawling out as far as the eye can reach forms one of the rich granaries of Lebanon, producing chiefly cereals. The plain contracts towards Tripoli, where it is bounded on the inward side by Jebel Terbol. Beyond Tripoli the coastal plain shrinks to a very fertile narrow strip, which is broken quite soon by the cliffs of Ras Shekka; these are negotiated by a road cut across their face. From this promontory to Ras Maameltein the coastal region is frequently interrupted by the Turonian buttresses of the Lebanon range, which run into the sea. Intercalated at two points are two small alluvial plains, one occupied by Batrun, the other by Jbail. Beyond the pretty bay of Junieh the subcoastal range thrusts out another buttress which projects into the sea to form the promontory of Nahr al-Kalb, one more obstacle on the road from Beirut to Tripoli. Another mass of rock is encountered near the promontory of Beirut which juts boldly, into the sea. To the South of Beirut the coastal plain is intersected by the reddish sand dunes of Shuran and Khaldeh. Then the prodigious fertility of this alluvial strip reappears in the plains of Shuweifat and Mwallaqa, until a new interruption occurs in the shape of the buttresses of the Lebanon range which thrust out the headlands, Ras ad-Damur and Rasal-Rumeileh. Beyond the Nahr al-Awali stretches the Saida Plain, a fertile spot wherever irrigation is possible, producing oranges, lemons, almonds, bananas etc. The coastal plain, with an 363

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

with a minor range, jutting out at right angles from Mt. Hermon, the Toghmal Jezzin, or Twins of Jezzin. Between these North and South limits the Beqaa is some 75 miles in length and 5 to 8 miles in width. It is rather like two very gently sloping planes of a roof, the ridge of which would be Baalbeck, at a height of 3,609 ft. Two rivers that rise in the neighbourhood of Baalbeck flow down these slopes, the Orontes (Nahr al-Assi) to the North, and the Leontes (Litani) to the South. The richest part of the Beqaa is its middle region, with the important agricultural center of Zahleh, Shtaura, and Baalbeck. Here the Leontes winds through fertile red soil, where cereals, vines, poplars, etc., thrive. The southern part of the Beqaa is, by contrast, marshy, dotted with rocky outcrops, and therefore of little use for cultivation.

occurrence of khamsin conditions, shown by figures of absolute temperature: Beirut has recorded a temperature of 79 degrees F., in January. August is everywhere the hottest month - an indication of maritime influence - and there is considerable uniformity in conditions over the whole zone. In summer diurnal variation is smaller than in winter, being everywhere less than 15 degrees F., and in many parts less than 10 degrees F. This means that nights are unduly oppressive, though actual temperatures are not particularly high. Summer conditions are prolonged until October, and temperatures do not usually fall below 70 degrees F., until the latter part of November. December too is usually markedly warmer than January or February, and open-air festivities at Christmas are often possible. Rainfall is for the most part adequate, though differences are apparent between North & South, the coast of Lebanon receives over 30 inches; January is the wettest month and, as rainfall ceases entirely by the middle of June, aridity is almost absolute until the middle of September. The fact that much of the coastal zone receives as much rainfall as many parts of Europe (January, the rainiest month, has only 11 to 14 days of actual rain), indicates that falls are very heavy but not prolonged. For example Beirut, has an annual rainfall greater than that of Manchester, UK, and this falls during 73 rainy days, as compared with 194 in Manchester. An unpleasant feature is the high humidity prevailing in summer; Beirut max. 72 per cent. High summer humidity, together with only slight diumal variation of temperatures, makes the summer season truly unpleasant, and large numbers of town dwellers migrate into the hills for the summer months. 2) the Mountain Zone - A remarkable change is found, even in 5 miles, as one leaves the Coastal plain for the mountains. Winters are cold, and snow is of regular occurrence each winter. In the Lebanon range snow may lie for 2 to 4 months, and the three peaks, Qomet al-Sawda, Sannin, and Hermon are white for at least half the year. A special feature is the wide diurnal variation in summer, so that the daytime is moderately hot, and the night cool. During summer there is thus a most pleasant change at night; and although afternoon temperatures may be very little different from those of the plain the nights are more restful. This is well known at Aley, a summer resort only 5 miles from Beirut, but 2,500 feet above sea level. Considerable diurnal variations of temperature during the summer months is one of the underlying factors in the development of summer stations and holiday resorts in Lebanon. As would be expected, rainfall, which is of the instability type, is abundant, even heavy. On the Lebanon mountains, there are annual falls of 40 to 50 inches. The number of rainy days, however, remains low, despite increased precipitation, averaging 80 to 85 per annum; i.e. only 5 to 10 more than in the corresponding coastal areas, so that rainfall can be termed really intense. This has

ANTI-LEBANON RANGE AND MOUNT HERMON The Anti-Lebanon range supplied a natural line for the frontier between Lebanon and Syria. It is a system less elevated but more complex than the Lebanon range. It takes the form of a tabular massif that rises in terraces above the Beqaa. The highest terrace is a plateau some 20 miles wide and averaging 7,500 feet above sea-level. It is a stony desert resting on Cretaceous limestone. In the South, this top plateau of the Anti-Lebanon range, sinks to an indented plateau, at 4,600 ft., and then rises once more in Mt. Hermon (Jabal ash-Sheikh; 9,055 ft.), a great anticlinal dome of Jurassic limestone. The western slopes, which fall steeply to the Beqaa, are less populated than the eastern slopes which face the desert. SEAS AND COASTS Lebanon has a coastline some 150 miles long along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Sand and rock occur alternately, the rock at points where the coastal range pushes its spurs into the sea, the sand where the sea erodes and disintegrates the soil and soft rocks. Sometimes there are cliffs, where the Lebanon range pushes out into the sea, as at Ras Shekka. THE CLIMATE The outstanding feature in the climate of Lebanon is the rapidity with which conditions alter away from the coast. I) In the coastal zone, winters are mild and summers only moderately hot, and rainfall is relatively abundant. Frost is almost unknown, though slight falls of snow may occur at long intervals - once in 10 or 20 years being the normal for Beirut. The coldest period of the year is late January and February, when temperatures average 54 to 57 degrees F. There is a fairly pronounced diurnal variation of temperature, with bright sunshine on about half the days of winter, giving a daily maximum temperature of 63 to 65 degrees F., and a night minimum of 50 degrees F., in January. In March, a rapid change to warmer conditions begins. A feature of spring - and, indeed, winter - is the 364

BROAD SURVEY

important effects on the soil cover, which, unless held by a retaining wall, can be soon swept away and lost, hence terracing on a considerable scale is a feature of all parts of the mountain zone; and in certain districts it is possible to observe hillsides terraced continuously at intervals of 3 or 4 feet over 2,000 to 3,000 feet of altitude.

Destroyed by earthquakes in AD 502 and 551, and by fire a few years later, Beirut was gradually rebuilt and was a sizeable town when it was captured by the Crusaders in 1110. The only surviving monument of this period is the Great Mosque, built by the Franks as the Church of St. John. The modern visitor to Beirut can be forgiven for wondering whether he is in the Orient or in the Western World: the city combines the best features of both. In spite of its long history, Beirutans will tell you that 30 years ago their city was a village. An exaggeration, of course, but Beirut is one of the fastest-growing capitals in the world: its population, nudging approx. 1,172.000 (including suburbs), accounts for almost a third of the Lebanese nation. Despite the dissolution of the Customs Union between Lebanon and Syria, Beirut remains one of the chief ports of entry into Syria. About 200,000 tons of goods are loaded and unloaded monthly at Beirut port, a large part of which consisting of goods in transit to other Middle Eastern countries, such as Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States. The port is run by a Lebanese jointstock company which pays the Lebanese Government an agreed portion of its revenues. The same company administers the Free Zones and controls the Customs warehouses. Local industries include textile manufacturing, food processing and light engineering. TRIPOLI, though lacking a first class harbour, Tripoli has the advantages of easy communications inland, and the availability of raw material from the cottongrowing region round Horns. As a result, it has become an outlet of north and west Syria, and the oil pipeline from Kirkuk was first brought to Tripoli by way of the bukeiyah-Aqqar lowlands, rather than across the Lebanon ridges to Beirut. The chief industries of its population are soap, vegetable oil, reinforcing steel, tarpaulin and pressed wood manufacture, sugar refining, sponge fishing, tobacco cultivation and fruit growing. It has an export trade in fruit (especially oranges), eggs and cotton. The city of Tripoli is in stark contrast to the sprawl of Beirut. There is a natural transition from the perfumed orange groves that border the main access route from the south along the grand boulevard with its gardens which leads finally to the modern blocks of the city centre. Set between the two ancient sites of the port and the medieval town, the new commercial centres and residential areas with their wide avenues and planned development witness a rational design and a desire for ordered expansion that both safeguard the treasures of the past while at the same time adapting the historic to contemporary needs. Fortunately, the new face of Tripoli with all its progressive modernism has not destroyed the traces of a past rich in tradition and history. The old districts of the city and their ancient souks still remain a witness to the vibrant unity in disorder of an oriental life-style. "In the

Temperatures (Fahrenheit), Rainfall (inches) and relative humidity in BEIRUT J

F

M

A

M

J

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Temp.

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58

61

66

72

78

82

A 84

S 81

O 76

N

D

Rainfall

7.7

8.3

3.7

2.1

0.1

0.6

0

0

0.4

2.0 5.1

68

Rainy Days

15

14

11

6

3

1

0

0

1

4

9

Humidity

70

71

71

72

70

70

72

68

67

69

69

Total 61 7.7 37.0 13 77 69

Flag Description Three horizontal bands of red (top), white (double width), and red with a green and brown cedar tree centered in the white band.

Principal Cities and Towns BEIRUT, the capital and seat of the Government is a busy crowded city, of more than one million inhabitants. Its rapid rise has been a feature of the last fifty years. This has come about because of the natural advantage of the Bay of St. George, sheltered from south-west winds by a westward jutting promontory. Once the disadvantage of difficult access to the interior had been overcome around the late nineteenth century by the building of a road and railway across the Col du Beidar (5,027 feet above sea level), Beirut soon rose to be the chief port and trading center in the Middle East. Its importance exceeds by far the size of the Lebanese market itself since it is, and has been for centuries, the buying center and shop window for all adjacent Arab countries. The Greek poet Nonos described Beirut as a «source of life, haven of love, which rests upon the sea like a beautiful island...». Set on a large promontory mid-way along the Lebanese coast, Beirut looks out across the lovely, turquoise Mediterranean, which laps its many magnificent beaches on its northern and western sides. At the city's back, the land slopes upward towards the ramparts of the Lebanon range. Beirut is on the side of a prehistoric settlement: Neolithic stone tools, recently unearthed, are on display at the Archaeological Museum. But it first achieved renown, as Berytus, under the Romans, when it became a city-state and a great cultural centre, its famed Law School, founded in the 2nd Century AD, rivalling in influence even that at Rome itself. As the city grew and prospered, Roman engineers brilliantly solved the problem of its water supply by bringing fresh water over a distance of 25 miles by a series of aqueducts, remains of one of which can still be seen in the river valley on the eastern side of the city. 365

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

narrow winding streets, monuments stand cheek by jowl with shops and houses in an astonishing hodgepodge of vaults and arcades, balconies, domes and minarets. With their traders'inns - the khans, the madrasahs - the baths, with their intimate mingling of shops, houses, and mosques, the souks are the veins and arteries of a living body. Here time, tradition, and an infinite human variety are the lifeblood of a single organism whose vitality can be seen in the multitude of shops bursting with goods of every kind, the craftsmen at their work, the cobbler hunched over his last shoe calling a greeting to the tailor, the coppersmith's beating hammer providing a counterpoint to the patient carving of the carpenter, the mingled smells of soaps, perfumes and spices, and the rich oriental cakes and pastries, a setting and a life-style where it is easy to forget the infernal rhythms of mechanised existence. In complement to the new town, old Tripoli ensures the perennial continuity of human values". SIDON, is a trading center and a fishing and trading port. It is the terminal port of the Trans-Arabian Pipeline Company (Tapline) pipeline from Saudi Arabia and also has an oil refinery (not in operation at present). ZAHLE, a popular summer resort which overlooks the fertile Beqaa valley. Vineyards cover the surrounding mountain slopes and good arack and wine are produced there.

Among the Christians, the Maronites are the largest single community. Among the other Christian sects,, the larger communities are the Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholic, and Armenian Orthodox; smaller communities are the Armenian Catholic, Syrian Catholic, Chaldeans, Protestants, and Syrian Orthodox. Among the Muslims, the largest communities are the Shia, Sunni, followed by the Druze and Alawits. THE LEBANESE IMMIGRANTS According to the Lebanese Cultural Union there are some 13,878,318 Lebanese immigrants, of whom 92% have settled on the American Continent. The geographical distribution of the Lebanese Immigrants reads as follows: AMERICA United States Argentina Bolivia Brazil Canada Chili Columbia Cuba Equator Haiti Honduras Mexico Peru Uruguay Venezuela Carribbeans Guatemala Salvador Costa Rica Panama Nicaragua Paraguay Dominican Republic Total

Population and Religion POPULATION Lebanon is the most populated country in the Middle East, with a density of 612 inhabitants to the square mile. By 1966, the estimated population had increased more than three times to a total of 2,400,000. In mid-1968 estimate gave a population of 2,580,000. In March 1986 population was estimated at 3,000,000 by the International Monetary Fund (Financial Statistics). According to the latest statistics survey effected by the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1996 the estimated population in Lebanon is 3,111,828. Mohafazat of Beirut 407,403 Mohafazat of Mount Lebanon 1,145,458 Mohafazat of South Lebanon 283,056 Mohafazat of Nabatieh 205,412 Mohafazat of Bekaa 399,890 Mohafazat of North Lebanon 670,609 There are also important numbers of resident foreigners in Lebanon.

3,500,000 1,200,000 12,870 5,800,000 570,000 27,000 125,000 20,000 97,500 12,000 20,000 240,060 2,385 52,077 340,507 510,754 25,570 27,465 30,173 17,653 5,924 15,489 50,200 12,702,567

AFRICA Libya Congo Ivory Coast Egypt Ethiopia Zambia Ghana Guinea Portuguese Guinea Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria

RELIGION The Lebanese are of mixed ancestry but the majority are of Arab culture. They are mainly Arabic speaking, with about 6% speaking Armenian, but French and English are widely spoken in official and commercial circles. The population is composed of Christians and Muslims and each divided into several communities. 366

8,550 160 9,700 8,000 40 480 5,970 1,705 2,000 10,790 357 209 304 22,500

BROAD SURVEY

Senegal 15,730 Sierra Leone 10,645 Sudan 200 Tchad 20 Togo 2,000 North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) 5,000 Zaire 225 Burkina Faso 1,200 Gabon 1,200 Others 1,000 Total 105,985

Grand Total

Official Public Holidays All Government offices and most business houses observe as holidays the Christian and Moslem religious festivals and national and official holidays: Christian religious festivals New Year's Day Feast of St. Maron Good Friday (Western church) Good Friday (Eastern church) Easter Monday (Western church) Easter Monday (Eastern church) Feast of the Assumption All Saints Day Christmas Day

OCEANIA Australia New Zealand Total

500,000 45,300 545,300 EUROPE

Germany France Great Britain Greece Italy Scandinavia Belgium Switzerland Others Total

5,000 90,000 10,200 27,455 1,300 18,220 15,500 3,845 5,000 176,520

1 January 9 February

15 August 1 November 25 December

Moslem religious festivals Eid al-Adha (3 days) Eid al-Hijra Ashoura Id al-Maoulad Id al-Fitr (3 days) National and official holidays Labour Day Lebanese Independence Day Liberation Day

ASIA Saudi Arabia Cyprus Iran Kuwait Arabian Gulf Philippines United Arab Emirates Total

13,878,318

120,570 25,755 115 40,509 103,510 2,487 55,000 347,946

367

1 May 22 November 25 May

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

History THE PHOENICIANS IN ANTIQUITY "As explorers, in antiquity, the Phoenicians were second to none, as colonizers to few, save perhaps the Greeks. As traders and merchants, they fetched and carried raw materials and manufactured goods throughout the then known world. Their prowess as doughty fighters was shown, not only in Carthage's long-drawn-out struggle with Rome, but also in the resistance that Tyre and Sidon put up against Mesopotamian and other conquerors and in the services their navy rendered to Persia. But all these things pale before their highest and the most enduring memorial, the alphabet. This is where they impinge most strongly on all subsequent civilizations of Old World origin. All Indo-European and Semitic tongues - indeed all subsequent alphabetic scripts - have employed the medium invented by the Phoenicians and rapidly adopted by many other nations round about them, including the Greeks".

left both Byzantium and Persia exhausted and an easy prey for the Arab armies united in Islam. For the next two centuries, Lebanon enjoyed peace and oblivion as part of the Arab empire, firstly under the Umayyads of Damascus until 750, and then under the Abbasids of Baghdad. With the weakening of Abbasid power at the end of the ninth century, Syria (and with it Lebanon) became an appendage of the independent Egyptian rulers, first the Tulinids (868905), then the Ikshidites (935-969) and lastly the Shi'i Fatimids (969-1171). Byzantium, never reconciled to the loss of Syria and, anxious to protect the Christian minorities living there under Muslim rule, attempted to recover the Holy Lands in the latter part of the tenth century; but the rise of the Seljuk Turks in the eleventh century tipped the balance in favour of Islam and at the battle of Manzikert in 1071 in which the Seljuks were triumphant, Byzantine hopes were finally dashed.

Source: From "The Phoenicians" by Donald Harden Keeper of the Dept. of Antiquities in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

CRUSADER DOMAINS With the collapse of Byzantine power it fell to Western Christianity to conceive the hope of wresting the HolyLand, of which Lebanon was a mere appendage, from Islam and that in spite of the fact that the local Christian communities led a comparatively free and untroubled existence under Muslim rule, untouched by the dynastic and religious quarrels which were ravaging Islam. Hence the Crusades, which were facilitated in their early stages by the quarrels between the Seljuks and the Fatimids. Jerusalem fell to the first Crusaders in 1099, Tripoli in 1109 and Sidon in 1110. Apart from a period of six years after 1187, when Beirut fell to Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, most of the Lebanese coastlands were part of the Crusader domains until 1291 when they finally came under the rule of the Mameluk Sultans. From the time of the Crusades the personality of Lebanon began to take shape, for the Maronites who had settled in Mount Lebanon in the sixth and seventh centuries acted as allies and willing subjects of the crusading Franks. Since then the Maronites have looked to the west, especially France, for protection and moral support in a sea of Islam and other Christian sects. Throughout the 14th and 15th centuries the Mameluk Sultans of Egypt remained masters of Syria and Lebanon and the mountain lands of the latter were left to their own devices under local chiefs or Emirs: Tanukh Emirs in the north and Druze Emirs in the south. All of these of course owed allegiance and paid tribute to the Mameluk Sultan, but were practically autonomous in their own districts. The most powerful were the Tanukh Emirs of Mount Lebanon, descendants of a Christian Arab tribe of Iraq which had emigrated to the Aleppo region after the Islamic conquests and had not been converted to Islam until the reign of the Abbsid al-Mahdi (775-85). It is almost certain that they were converted to

PHOENICIA In ancient geography, much of Lebanon was part of Phoenicia. There are important archaeological remains, notably at Baalbeck, at the west foot of the Anti-Lebanon and at Byblos, one of the oldest continuously inhabited towns in the world. The territory of the present Lebanese Republic includes a fertile coastal strip with natural harbours, a mountain range parallel to it, and the Beqaa plain on the other side. It was the coast which played the greatest part in ancient history. From the 3rd millenium B.C., the Phoenician ports of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and Arwad were centers of trade and culture. At times they were independent city-states, at times absorbed into empires (Egyptian, Assyrian, Persian, Macedonian, Roman), but they kept their civil rights even after they became part of the Roman province of Syria. While retaining their Semitic speech, the inhabitants accepted Greek literature and philosophy, Roman law and at an early stage, the Christian religion. In ancient and classical history, Mount Lebanon (Libanus) appears only as a hinterland of economic influence: the produce of its villages fed the cities; its cedars and other trees provided wood for export. BYZANTINE V/PERSIA This peaceful existence was only shattered towards the end of the Byzantine period by the tremendous struggle waged between Byzantium and Sassanid Persia from 502 to 628 during which Lebanon suffered a devastating incursion of the Persian army in 613-4. This terrible war 368

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the Druze tenets before they settled in Lebanon. Thus the principal feudal lords of Mount Lebanon during the Mameluk period were Druzes.

They were renowned for their war-like qualities and were allied by marriage to the Ma'ni Emirs. Some time in the latter half of the 18th century, the Chehab Emir Yussuf was converted secretely to Christianity, becoming the first Christian Emir of the country. Towards the Ottomans he remained a Moslem and his Druze subjects considered him one of them. From this time the Chehab family has been split into two parts, one Christian and Maronite and the other Sunni Moslem. Both branches have served Lebanon in high positions. The first Chehabi Emir to announce publicly that he was a Christian was Bashir II who, later, came out in open revolt against his Ottoman suzerain.

OTTOMAN OVERLORDSHIP When the Mameluks were confronted with the increasing power of the Ottoman Turks, the Tanukh Emirs sided with the Mameluks, whereas Emir Fakhr ed-Dine alMa'ni, the principal Druze Emir of the South, took the part of the Ottomans. When the Ottoman Sultan Selim I was victorious at the battle of Marj Dabiq in 1516, the fortunes of the Tanukh Emirs fell with those of the Mameluks and the supremacy of Ma'ni Emirs was ensured under Ottoman overlordship. These Ma'ni Emirs and their offshoot the Chehabs were to play an increasingly important role in Lebanese history during the Ottoman period which lasted from 1516 to 1918. The capitulation treaty between the French King Francois I and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-66) authorized the French to open trading posts in some Syrian towns, among them Tripoli and Sidon, and thus the long standing link between France and Lebanon was maintained. The local Emirs were allowed a great deal of autonomy in their mountain fiefs by the Ottoman Sultans and at times, when the Ottomans were weak or at war with their neighbours, they even rebelled and tried to set themselves up as independent rulers. The most successful of these was Emir Fakhr ed-Din II (1572-1635), who spread his authority over much of Mount Lebanon and waged war against the Ottoman governors. He did much for agriculture, visited Europe and encouraged trade between Lebanon and Western Europe. To gain European support for his attempt to achieve independence from the Ottoman Sultanate, Fakhr ed-Din spread the legend that the Druzes were descendants of the Crusaders and that their name was derived from that of the Comte de Dreux. Faced with this attempt at secession, the Ottomans made a supreme effort against Fakhr ed-Din's valiant little army of mountaineers. The Emir had finally to submit, was exiled to Istanbul and finally executed in 1635. In order to calm Mount Lebanon, where tempers had risen so high, the Ottomans appointed a Ma'ni-Emir, Melhem, nephew of Fakhr ed-Din, who had continued the resistance after his uncle's submission, but from then on for the next hundred and fifty years Turkish control of Lebanon remained very tight under governors specially chosen for their strictness and heavy hands.

BASHIR'S CAREER Bashir's main concern in his heyday was to maintain a strong army in order to curb the turbulent spirit of the mountain factions. In this, he was supported by the powerful Druze chieftain, Bashir Jumblatt, and together they rendered valuable assistance to the Sultan by repelling attacks of the Wahabis on Syria and forcing the local Ottoman governors to carry out the dictates of Istanbul. Those who suffered most under his rule were the Shi'i factions of the Beqaa. However, the Porte could not tolerate a vassal who was becoming too powerful and turned Jumblatt against his master, Bashir. Lebanon fell into such turmoil that Bashir was forced to go into exile once more, this time to Egypt where he was received by Muhammad Aly Pasha. In return for Bashir's promise to assist Muhammad Aly in the war in Greece, the latter obtained Bashir's pardon from the Sultan. Back in Lebanon once more be gathered his troops and attacked Jumblatt's army which was routed at Mukhtara. After this victory, Bashir was at the height of his power and feared far and wide in Lebanon and further afield, but it transpired that he had tied his fate more than he realized to the fortunes of Muhammad Aly Pasha of Egypt. EUROPEAN APPREHENSIONS Lebanon, as part of Syria, could not remain isolated when in 1831 Ibrahim Pasha, son of Muhammad Aly, marched into Syria to further his father's dream of a strong militarist Egyptian empire. Bashir embraced his benefactor's cause from the beginning, not it is certain, from any sense of gratitude for the Pasha's previous help, but as a means of throwing off the last vestiges of Ottoman control. In this he made a profound miscalculation, for the Egyptians, or rather the Albanian officers, dealt with Lebanon as everywhere else with a heavy hand. Egyptian proconsuls were installed in the coastal cities and Albanian troops camped at Dayr al-Qamar and Bayt ed-Din, Bashir's magnificient mountain residence. Finally the Lebanese, were conscripted into the Egyptian army and sent to fight in Arabia, Anatolia and the Sudan. Bloody revolts broke out all over the country and were put down with the utmost severity. The Christians were totally disarmed. And as the

THE CHEHAB FAMILY When the Ma'ni Emir Ahmad died in 1697, the role of vassals of the Ottomans in Mount Lebanon passed to the Chehab family of Rashaya and finally to Haydar Chehab of Hasbaya. The Chehab family, one of the most ancient and noble families of the Middle East, trace their ancestry back to the Quraysh, the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad. 369

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Egyptian successes against the Sultan went on, despair spread throughout Lebanon. However, these successes were viewed with mounting apprehensions by the European powers, Russia, Austria, Prussia and, above all, Britain, the cornerstone of whose Oriental policy was the maintenance of the tottering Ottoman Empire. In concert these powers forced France to withdraw her support for Muhammad Aly; threatened with European military intervention he was forced to evacuate Syria in 1841 and renounce his dreams.

Government. As a result of their deliberations Lebanon (but only Mount Lebanon) was made an autonomous "mutassarrifate" (governorship) under a Catholic Ottoman governor appointed for five years by the Porte and accepted by the powers. In this function he was assisted by an elected council of the various communities and a local militia; Beirut, the coastal town, remained under direct Ottoman rule. Under a series of able and benevolent governors, Mount Lebanon entered into a golden age when peace and security reigned. Agriculture was developed and flourished, roads built and many villages expanded into delightful summer resorts, to which Syrians and Egyptians flocked. French and American schools increased in number and the inevitable pressure of population on a small area led to a large scale emigration to Egypt and the United States and later to South America and Africa. Emigrant Lebanese remained devoted to their homeland and every year remitted large sums to their relatives, thus adding to the general prosperity and well-being. This happy state of affairs lasted from 1864 up to 1915 when, as a result of the Ottoman Empire's becoming involved as a belligerent in World War I, direct Ottoman rule was once more imposed on Lebanon.

THE "DAY OF ANTELIAS" While the "oriental crisis" was boiling, a general insurrection broke out in Lebanon and members of the several communities, even the Maronites who were dreading the day when they might be conscripted by the Egyptians, assembled at Antelias where they pledged themselves to work together to obtain fair play from Emir Bashir and some say in the Government of the country. The "National Pact" signed on 10 November 1943 is considered the charter regulating relations between the various Lebanese communities; but its forerunner and perhaps its model was the agreement of Maronites, Greek Orthodox, Moslems and Druzes at Antelias on 8 June 1840 to band together and link their destinies for what they saw as the common interest. The "Day of Antelias" paved the way for British intervention and on 11 November a British fleet bombarded Beirut. Bashir abdicated, realising that by supporting the lost Egyptian cause he had lost the confidence of his subjects, but not without first attempting to gain British support for his remaining in Lebanon. He went into his last exile from his native land on board of a British warship which took him to Malta. A year later, he was allowed to settle in Istanbul, where he died a rich and honoured guest in 1850, at the age of 87 years. In 1948 his mortal remains were brought back to Lebanon and buried with all ceremony in the Palace of Bayt ed-Din which he had built for himself early in the XlXth century. Thus ended a period in which, for the first time, Lebanon had bid fair to achieve its independence from the Ottomans and Egyptians.

WORLD WAR I During World War I, Lebanon suffered greatly. Early in 1915, the autonomy of Mount Lebanon came to an abrupt end with occupation by Ottoman troops. Remittances from abroad, on which the economy depended so much, ceased, as did the tourist traffic. Crops were earmarked for the army and a reign of terror began. Anyone suspected of sympathising with the western allies, was arrested and many ended their days on Turkish gallows in the main square of Beirut. The Allied blockade, a plague of locusts and an epidemic of typhus completed the Lebanese misery. However entry of the Allies into Syria and Lebanon was assured by Allenby's victory at Sarona in Palestine on 19 September 1918 and, on 1 October, Allenby entered Damascus. That same day, the Turks evacuted the Lebanese coast and their 400 year-long preponderance in Lebanese affairs came to an end. At the conference of San Remo in 1926, France was given a mandate for Syria and Lebanon. On 1 September 1920, General Gouraud proclaimed "Greater Lebanon".

STATUTE FOR LEBANON Bashir IPs successor, Bashir III, was a weakling who could not control the prevailing anarchy; when fighting broke out in the autumn of 1841 he remained inactive. The Ottoman authorities intervened and Bashir III, the last Chehabi Emir, surrendered his power to the Sultan and went to live in Istanbul. In 1860 a massacre occured after which the French army was rushed to Lebanon and occupied the scene of carnage for a year, working with the Ottoman army to restore order. A commission representing France, Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Italy was set up in Beirut to work out a statute for Lebanon with the Ottoman

THE LEBANESE REPUBLIC Although France held all the reins of power, the Lebanese Republic was proclaimed on 1st sept. 1920 as an independent State. On 26 May 1926, the Constitution was promulgated. French administration was reasonably efficient. Public utilities and communications were improved and education was expanded, although higher education was left almost wholly in the hands of religious bodies. 370

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covered by the revenues accruing to her from a wide variety of financial, commercial and transit services and by royalties paid to her by oil companies. The severance of economic relations with Syria did not end until the signing of an agreement at Shtaura (Lebanon) between the Lebanese Prime Minister Abdallah al-Yafi and the Syrian Head of State, Col. Fawzi Selo. Under the agreement signed on Feb.4,1952, the restrictions hitherto imposed by both sides on the transfer of currency and on the exchange of agricultural and industrial products were removed.

Beirut prospered as a center of trade with surrounding countries, but agriculture was depressed by the decline of the silk industry. As the middle class of Beirut grew and a real sense of common national interest sprang up alongside common loyalties, there grew also the desire for more independence. WORLD WAR II A Franco-Lebanese treaty of independence and friendship was signed in 1936, but was not ratified by the French Government. Lebanon was controlled by the Vichy authorities after the fall of France in 1940, but was occupied by British and French troops in 1941. The Free French representative proclaimed the independence of Lebanon and Syria, which was underwritten by the British Government. But because of their own precarious position the Free French were unwilling to relax control. In 1943, however, they held elections, which resulted in a victory for the Nationalists. The new Government passed legislation introducing certain constitutional changes which eliminated all traces of French mandate to which the French objected. The French thought to stifle nationalist ferment by arresting the Lebanese President Bechara al-Khoury, with his Prime Minister Riad Solh and several ministers on 8 November 1943. The result was a closing of ranks among all sections of the Lebanese people, the formation of a "resistance Government" and the proclamation of the "National Pact" on 10 November. Following British diplomatic intervention, General Catroux was sent back from Algiers and had the arrested politicians released. After another crisis in 1945, agreement was reached on a simultaneous withdrawal of British and French troops. This was completed on 31 December 1946 when the last French soldier left Lebanon and the country became completely independent, a member of the United Nations Organization and of the League of Arab States.

GOVERNMENT CRISIS Meanwhile, the Cabinet of Prime Minister Abdallah alYafi, which had taken office in June 1951, resigned on Feb 9, following differences in the Lebanese Parliament on questions of internal policy. Mr. Sami Solh, a cousin of the late Riad Solh (the former Prime Minister who was assassinated in Amman on July 16,1951) was asked by the President of the Republic to form a new administration. GROWING OPPOSITION AND STRIKES (1952) However, following widespread criticism by the Opposition parties of alleged governmental corruption, mismanagement and inefficiency, the Prime Minister Sami Solh resigned on September 9, 1952. President Bechara al-Khoury then appointed a threeman "emergency Cabinet" to hold office for an interim period until he had completed negotiations with the political parties for the formation of a new Ministry. The Opposition parties had in the meantime formed a "popular front" to enforce their demands for governmental reforms, had demanded the resignation of President alKhoury and had called on the population to support their demands by launching a general strike of indefinite duration. The strike, starting on Sept. 15 continued on the two consecutive days; nearly all shops, offices, factories, etc., remained closed in Beirut and other towns during the period, but there was no interruption of essential services, nor any major incidents. The intense campaign waged by the Opposition culminated on Sept. 17, when the parties of the "popular front" sent a letter to President al-Khoury demanding his resignation as a condition for ending the political crisis. The President's resignation was also demanded by Gen. Fuad Chehab, C-in-C, who had intervened in the crisis on behalf of the Army. On Sept. 18, President al-Khoury tendered his resignation after having agreed to the appointment of an interim Cabinet headed by Gen. Chehab. When the Lebanese Parliament met on Sept. 23, it elected Mr. Camille Chamoun as President of the Republic, the vote being 84 in favour and only one abstention. During President Chamoun's tenure of office, the Lebanese Government was more successful in its efforts to promote internal development. It was announced in August 1953 that the International Bank for Reconstruction and

ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES The end of the war meant a progressive diminution of foreign expenditure in the Lebanon due to the departure of the French and British forces stationed there from 1939 to 1945, and the gradual disappearance of war shortages which had favoured Lebanese trade. Another adverse factor was added in 1948 when France devalued the franc (to which the Lebanese and Syrian currencies were pegged), forcing the Lebanese Government to enter into economic and financial arrangements with Paris in order to bolster the country's economy, a step that was severely critized by Damascus and led to the severance of economic relations with Lebanon. The break with Syria hit Lebanon hard, for Syria was the chief provider of agricultural commodities, and at the same time the chief customer for Lebanese industrial products. The effect of these developments was serious since Lebanon has a permanent adverse balance of trade, her annual deficit being largely 371

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Development had granted Lebanon a loan of 27 million dollars for the Litani River project which, when completed, was expected to double the electric power available in the country and also to bring under the plough a large acreage in the coastal zone. Lebanon also signed a number of commercial treaties designed to rectify its balance of trade: with Russia, with Eastern Germany in November of 1955, with the People's Republic of China in December 1955 and with Poland in January 1956. In June of the same year, it was announced that the USA had decided to furnish Lebanon with financial aid, amounting to 3,670 000 dollars for the improvement of the international airport of Beirut and of communications between Lebanon and Syria. And following acceptance of the "Elsenhower Doctrine" (a new programme of economic, financial, and military aid by the United States to those countries of the Middle East which were prepared to accept it), it was revealed in July 1957 that US aid to the Lebanon would amount to approximately 15 million dollars in the course of 1958. On the international scene a favourable climate for amicable relations was fostered by President Chamoun when he visited Ankara at the end of March 1955 and played host to Turkish President Bayar on the latter's return visit to Beirut. In October 1957, the King of Saudi Arabia and, in December, the Shah of Iran visited Beirut. The liberal economic policies pursued by the State were maintained, attracting a flow of Arab capital to Beirut's money market and this was largely responsible for the country's marked prosperity.

been in office for two years resigned on Feb. 19 after President Chehab had signed a decree dissolving the Chamber of Deputies elected in 1960 and ordering General Elections to be held on 4 successive Sundays from April 5 to May 3. The Chamber's term would normally have ended on July 3, 1964; the reason for the earlier dissolution was reported to be the advisability of having a new Parliament well ahead of the presidential elections which were held on September 23, 1964. THE CARETAKER GOVERNMENT A 10-man caretaker Government was formed on Feb. 20 by Mr. Hussein Oweini, a veteran politician, who took the portfolios of Defence and the Interior in addition to the Premiership. Of the other principal portfolios, Mr. Jubran Nahas took that of Justice concurrently with the post of Deputy Premier, while Mr. Philippe Takia remained Foreign Minister, a post he had held un-interruptedly since 1959. Mr. Takia was the only Minister retained from the Karame Cabinet. However, shortly before the elections there had been two changes: 1) Mr. Fouad Ammoun became Minister of Foreign Affairs in replacement of Mr. Takia who resigned the post to become Governor of the Central Bank. 2) Mr. Joseph Najjar, chairman of the National Council for Scientific Research, became Minister for Economy and Planning in replacement of Mr. Ammoun.

PRESIDENT CHEHAB On his election by Parliament on 31 July 1958, President Chehab found the home front in ideological disarray. His first task was therefore to restore national unity by removing the sectarian factionalism which was at the basis of Lebanese political life. He not only favoured the principle of greater equality of treatment for the different communities but also for the various regions of Lebanon. The public works policy of the Chehab regime was to devote attention to the previously neglected areas outside Beirut and Mount Lebanon. By 1964 roads, running water, and electricity had been brought almost to every Lebanese village, in accordance with the programme of economic rehabilitation prepared by the (French) Institut de Recherches et de Formation en vue de Développement. And although corruption and inefficiency in the administration and factionalism in political life were not totally eliminated within the six years of his tenure. President Chehab succeeded in making all the communities to feel that they had a stake in the country. He left office with dignity.

THE NEW PRESIDENT MR. CHARLES HELOU Although the elections resulted in a new Parliament broadly similar in political complexion to the outgoing Chamber, a number of well-known personalities were unsuccessful - notably Mr. Camille Chamoun and Mr. Edde. On August 18, Mr. Charles Helou, Minister of Education in the caretaker Lebanese Cabinet, was elected by the Lebanese Parliament as President of the Republic, in succession to Gen. Fuad Chehab who had previously rejected several appeals to stand for a second term. On July 20, 1965, The Prime Minister, Mr. Hussein Oweini resigned. On July 26, Mr. Rashid Karame became the new Prime Minister, with nine Cabinet members to assist him, all from outside the Chamber of Deputies. Mr. Rashid Karame modified his Cabinet in December 1965 and January 1966, these changes arising from difficulties which hindered the full implementation of an administrative and judicial reform programme. By the end of March, some 150 officials including 100 civil servants had been compelled to withdraw from public life. This sustained attempt to curb corruption and the abuse of office in government circles caused considerable tension that eventually obliged Mr. Karame to offer his resignation to President Helou who appointed Dr. Abdallah al-Yafi as the new Prime Minister.

THE 1964 GENERAL ELECTIONS DISSOLUTION OF THE CHAMBER Earlier the Cabinet of Mr. Rashid Karame, which had 372

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Dr. al-Yafi assembled a 10-man Cabinet drawn entirely from the Chamber of Deputies with the exception of himself and Mr. Philippe Takia, the new Foreign Minister. The new Cabinet represented a balance between the various religious interests and, from the political point of view, between the left wing and right wing elements in the Chamber of Deputies.

emergency was declared, and the British and American Ambassadors were asked on June 8 to leave the country. Air and sea ports came to a virtual standstill. In another development, the pipeline carrying Iraqi and Saudi Arabian oil to terminals in Lebanon were closed. Later, with the Iraqi decision to resume shipments to France and Turkey, the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) was authorised on June 28 to resume pumping operations to IPC terminals at Tripoli, in northern Lebanon.

FAILURE OF THE INTRA BANK In October 1966, the Intra Bank of Lebanon was compelled to close its doors because of a run of withdrawals amounting to more than £11 million in the preceding month. The Lebanese Cabinet, on October 16th met to discuss methods of ensuring that all banks in Lebanon had adequate supplies of liquid cash. It also ordered all Lebanese banks to discontinue operations for a period of three days. Later in the same month the Cabinet decided to place before Parliament a Bill seeking special powers which would enable the government to take measures of safeguarding the interests of small depositors at the Intra Bank. Such a crisis of confidence was indeed a serious affair in a country where banking activities are of the highest importance.

SHAKEN ECONOMY An official statement in July said that the economy had been shaken by the war and an emergency tax on income was imposed for a two year period. Throughout the Year the failure of the Intra Bank continued to reverberate in the Country's affairs. A declaration of bankruptcy by the Commercial Court was confirmed by the Court of Appeal on 20 January in accordance with a new law dealing with defaulting banks. It provided that a new board be formed and a decision be taken within 6 months for any failing bank to be refloated or liquidated. A new five-member committee was set up in August, headed by the Governor of the state bank with powers to negotiate the sale of Intra. An agreement was reached in September to reconstitute the bank as an investment company and a commercial bank on a small scale. Lebanese Government and private interests would have a 45% stake in the new Intra Assets Investment Company, Kuwait interests 35%, Qatar 7% and the US Commodity Credit Corporation the remaining 13%. The Intra Bank reopened on 28 September.

HECTIC DAYS & CRISIS IN 1966 Then the resignation of Mr. Philippe Takia, the Foreign Affairs Minister, on Nov. 25, 1966, precipitated a ministerial crisis in Lebanon which led on Dec. 2, to the resignation of the Cabinet of Dr. Abdallah al-Yafi, which was accepted by President Helou. The eight months of Dr. al-Yafi's Cabinet had seen a succession of strikes and labour disputes, the assassination on 17 May of Mr. Kamel Mrowa, proprietor of "Al Hayat" and "The Daily Star", and the suspension of payment in October by the Intra Bank. Dr. al-Yafi tendered his resignation despite the fact that his Government had been given a vote of confidence on Nov. 25 by 35 votes to 25, with one abstention; the vote was regarded as unsatisfactory, however, as many deputies were absent and others walked out of the Chamber before the decision. A new Cabinet was formed on al-Yafi's resignation, on Dec. 7 by Mr. Rashid Karame, who had held the Premiership on 5 previous occasions. With the exception of Mr. Rashid Karame himself, all the members of the new 10-man Cabinet were nonparliamentarians and 6 of them had never previously held Cabinet office.

RESUMPTION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS Normal relations were resumed, with Britain and the United States of America in September by reinstating their Ambassadors. THE STATE BUDGET The Budget for 1967, approved in January, amounted to £71,800,000 compared with £66,500,000 in 1966; allocations included £14,600,000 for Defence and £11,000,000 for Education. The 1968 budget, approved in September, was £71 million. Newspapers reports said no significant allocations would be made for development projects in view of the hardships resulting from the war. The first term of 1968 gave a new turn to parliamentary activity in Lebanon when General Elections were held for a new 99-member unicameral Parliament. On Feb. 5, 1968, the Cabinet of Mr. Rashid Karame, which had held office since December 1966, resigned. President Helou invited Dr. Abdallah al-Yafi, the leader of the previous six Cabinets, to form an interim Government, the principal task of which would be to supervise the preparation and conduct of the General Elections in March.

ARAB-ISRAELI WAR (1967) On 5 June 1967 when fighting broke out between the Arab States and Israel, the Lebanese authorities reported that air battles had taken place over the Beqaa valley. The Chamber of Deputies empowered the Government to take the necessary steps to permit the armed forces of other Arab countries to enter Lebanese territory. A state of 373

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THE GENERAL ELECTIONS The General Elections took place in three stages on March 24-31 and April 7. An alliance of the three right-wing parties led respectively by Mr. Pierre Gemayel, ex-President Camille Chamoun and Mr. Raymond Edde won about 30 seats; the moderate Democratic Bloc led by Mr. Rashid Karame, the former Prime Minister, won 24 seats, while most of the remaining seats went to Independents without party affiliation, apart from a few won by a leftwing group.

represented in the Cabinet, although Mr. Maalouf, the Minister of Tourism, is a pro-Chamoun deputy. Mr. Arslan is a Druze belonging to none of the other groups, and had previously served several times as Defence Minister. A fresh crisis, however, broke out on Jan. 17, when it was officially announced that both Mr. Edde and Mr. Gemayel had sent their resignation to President Helou, following a meeting the previous evening at which the leaders of the "Triple Alliance" agreed not to participate in Mr. Karame's Government unless it included a representative of Mr. Chamoun's National Liberal Party. Two more Ministers resigned on Jan. 20-21 - Mr. Mansour and Mr. Maalouf. In the Government reshuffle the four Ministers, who had resigned, were replaced by four newcomers.

ATTEMPT AT ASSASSINATION Seven weeks after the General Elections, Mr. Camille Chamoun, the ex-President of the Lebanese Republic, escaped an attempt at assassination in Beirut when he was shot at by a 19 year-old youth, as he was alighting from his car. Mr. Chamoun escaped with minor injuries to his face and arm.

MAJOR EVENTS IN 1969 The clashes between government forces and Palestinian Arab guerrillas which erupted during the spring of 1969 recurred on a much more extensive scale during the second half of October. There was intermittent fighting, notably in the foothills of Mount Hermon, in South-Eastern Lebanon, with casualties on both sides; following pro-guerrilla demonstrations in Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon, a curfew was imposed on Oct. 23, and street battles broke out in Tripoli on Oct. 24 when large crowds, defying the curfew, demonstrated in support of the guerrillas. Further rioting occurred in Tripoli on Oct. 2526, and guerrillas and sympathizers were reported to be in control of part of the old town. But the heaviest fighting between the Lebanese regular forces and the guerrillas occurred during the last four days of Oct., when the guerillas made determined but unsuccessful efforts to seize Rashaya Castle, an old Crusader fortress dominating the guerrillas' all-weather supply route from the Syrian border to their bases in Southern Lebanon. For three days some 150 Lebanese troops entrenched in the castle beat of waves of guerrillas who attacked with rockets, mortars, and machine-guns. Finally on Oct. 31, Lebanese armoured and infantry forces counter-attacked and drove the guerrillas from the village of Aiha, from which the attack on Rashaya was the last action to be fought before a cease-fire came into effect following mediation by the United Arab Republic which led on Nov. 3 to the signing in Cairo of what was described as a "full agreement" between the Lebanese Army and the guerrillas.

NEW NATIONAL COALITION GOVERNMENT Dr. Abdallah al-Yafi, the Lebanese Prime Minister, who had tendered his resignation on Nov. 12, 1968, in connection with student unrest but had withdrawn it 24 hours later, again resigned on Jan, 7, 1969, ten days after the Israeli raid on Beirut International Airport which followed the attack by members of the Palestine Liberation Front on an Israeli airliner at Athens airport. Dr. al-Yafi's resignation offer on Nov. 12, followed students' riots in Beirut on Nov. 7. After continued unrest in the city further student demonstrations and counter demonstrations took place on Nov. 11, but without major incidents. Dr. al-Yafi's decision to resign on Jan. 7 followed growing criticism of his Government's alleged failure to protect Beirut airport before the Israeli attack; on the same day a strike had been called at Sidon and the surrounding area. In tendering his resignation to President Helou, Dr. AlYafi declared that "the new situation demanded a new Government". The President accepted the resignation on Jan. 8 and asked Mr. Rashid Karame, leader of the Parliamentary Democratic Front which had 30 members in the Lebanese Parliament to form a new Government. Mr. Karame listed his Government's main tasks as follows: introduction of conscription; fortification and arming of the southern villages on the border with Israel; support for the Arab cause; and coordination of Lebanon's foreign policy with that of the other Arab countries. Of the 16 members of the new Cabinet, eight were affiliated or allies of the Parliamentary Democratic Front, while seven belonged to the "Triple Alliance" which comprises the Phalangists or Katayeb Party led by Mr. Gemayel, the National bloc under Mr. Raymond Edde, and the National Liberal Party headed by ex-President Chamoun. The last-named party, however, was not directly

COMMON DESTINY No details of the agreement on the issues between the Lebanese Government and the guerrillas were made public, the communique saying that "common destiny" required that Lebanon's relations with the "Palestinian Revolution" should be based upon "Confidence, frankness and positive cooperation"; that sovereignty of Lebanon must, however, be guaranteed; and that the two sides had 374

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agreed to hold further discussions "for the realisation of complete agreement between them on all points", with the aim of "restoring confidence in Arab brotherhood among all parties concerned and also to confront the common enemy". The Lebanese standpoint on the commando issue, as previously defined by president Helou, was that while Lebanon condoned guerrillas activities, it rejected anything which did not guarantee the preservation of the country's "sovereignty and territorial integrity". The guerrillas, on the other hand, had called for freedom of movement through Lebanese territory, the release of all those arrested since the clashes began, and the punishment of those responsible for the arrests.

programmes of Mr. Salam's Cabinet led to the resignation of two Ministers. The Minister of Public Works and acting Minister of Agriculture, Mr. Henri Edde, resigned on Oct. 3 after the Minister of Finance, Dr. Elias Saba, had reduced allocations for the Public Works programme in the 1972 draft budget. All allocations had had to be cut because the Government had earlier been forced by public protests to cancel a decree raising cutoms tariffs. The Minister of Public Health, Dr. Emile Bitar, resigned on Dec. 22. As a result of these developments, and of growing popular dissatisfaction since 1970 (despite the partial reform of the Lebanese Administration under President Suleiman Frangieh), left-wing political elements, other than those directly connected with the various Palestinian guerrilla movements, gathered strength prior to the general elections held on April 16, 23 and 30, 1972, in which they gained about 15 seats. The elections were reported to have been held, broadly speaking, in a calmer atmosphere than on previous occasions.

ALL-PARTY GOVERNMENT One of the first results of the fighting between the Lebanese armed forces and the guerrillas was the resignation on Oct. 22, of Mr. Rashid Karame, the Prime Minister. Lebanon was thus without a Government during the confrontation, the conduct of military operations resting with Gen. Bustany as C-in-C. Three weeks after the Cairo agreement, however, Mr. Karame succeeded in forming a "Cabinet of National Unity" representative of all the political parties and groups, except the National Bloc headed by Mr. Raymond Edde. An innovation was the placing of the security forces under the Ministry of the Interior instead of the Ministry of National Defence, at the request of Mr. Kamal Jumblatt, the new Minister of the Interior.

RAID ON BEIRUT The Israeli raid on Beirut on April 10,1973, in which three top ranking Palestinian guerrilla leaders were killed was followed by the immediate resignation of the Lebanese Government headed by Mr. Saeb Salam who had been Prime Minister for 2 1/2 years. No official statement was issued on Mr. Saeb Salam's resignation. Mr. Suleiman Frangieh accepted Mr. Salam's resignation of April 13 and on April 18 named Dr. Amin Hafez as Prime Minister - designate and asked him to form a new Government. The political crisis which developed following the resignation of 2 Cabinet ministers - Mr. Bahije Tabbara (Economy and Commerce) and Mr. Zakaria Nsouli (Industry) ended on June 21, 1973, with the formation of a 22 - man Cabinet, headed by Mr. Takieddine Solh. A feature of the new Government was the appointment of four Ministers of State, each from a different community. President Suleiman Frangieh on Sept. 20, accepted the resignation of Mr. Takieddine Solh's Government which has been in office since July 1973.

CONFEDERATION GENERALE DES TRAVAILLEURS LIBANAIS (C.G.T.L.) In May 1971, a general strike organized by the Confédération Générale des Travailleurs Libanais, representing 24 unions and 120,000 wage earners, was called to protest against high rents, insufficient wages and employment problems, and was followed by a parliamentary debate on May 26 on the Government's general policy and in particular on the rise in the cost of living. As a result Mr. Saeb Salam, the Prime Minister, asked for a vote of confidence on May 28, when his Government was supported by 48 votes to six with two abstentions, 43 of the 99 deputies being absent. The C.G.T.L. claims extended to demands for a revision of the employment code concerning the conditions of dismissal in the private sector of industry and commerce which accounted for 75 per cent of the work force - and in particular the abolition of the article authorising employers to dismiss personnel without cause and with an indemnity equivalent to one month's salary for each year of employment. In the agricultural sector there were also claims for improvements in the social security system.

GROWTH OF PARTY MILITIAS While underlying economic and social problems, such as severe inflation, contributed to the instability of Mr. Takieddine Solh's Government, the main cause of the Cabinet crisis which developed in mid - September was dissention among political leaders over the growth of party militias since mid-1973. Following the serious fighting of April - May 1973 between the Lebanese armed forces and Palestinian guerrillas living in the country, which the Israeli raid of

INTERNAL DISPUTES Later in the year, internal disputes over the economic 375

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 April 1973 and other related incidents had provoked, unofficial anti-Palestinian armed militias were built up by certain political groups, - notably the National Liberal Party led by the former President Camille Chamoun, and the Phalangists (Katayeb) led by Mr. Pierre Gemayel, a member of the Lebanese Parliament. In a major incident of the Beirut suburbs at the end of July, eight people were killed and some 20 wounded in shooting between Phalangists and guerrillas. In an earlier attempt, Mr. Michel Abu Jaoudeh, editor of Lebanon's leading daily newspaper "An-Nahar", was kidnapped in Beirut on July 3. Against this backgound, the National Struggle Front - a parliamentary group led by Mr, Kamal Jumblatt, head of the Progressive Socialist Party - decided to instruct its two Cabinet members (Mr. Bahije Takieddine, the Interior Minister, and Mr. Tawfik Assaf, the Minister of Industry and Petroleum Affairs) to resign from the Government in protest against the para-military activities of the National Party and the Phalangists. In response to the National Struggle Front's decision, the Lebanese Cabinet placed a complete ban on the carrying of fire arms by private citizens, and stated that the measure was to apply to everyone residing in the country, including Palestinians. On the basis of the Cabinet's decision, Mr. Takieddine and Mr. Assaf agreed to "freeze" their resignation pending implementation of the new measure. But the crisis was deepened on Sept. 22 when 3 people were killed in a clash between Phalangists and supporters of the Progressive Socialist Party. On Sept. 25, Mr. Takieddine Solh tendered the resignation of his Government at the weekly meeting of the Cabinet and it was formally accepted by President Frangieh on Sept. 30. Following the failure of an attempt by Mr. Saeb Salam to form another Cabinet, President Frangieh on Oct. 24 entrusted the task to Mr. Rashid Solh.

the Lebanon-based Palestinian guerillas and militia of the Phalangist Party (Katayeb) led by Mr. Pierre Gemayei, the conflict quickly escalated into a full-scale confrontation between the Christian population and sections of the Moslem community, thus calling into question the intercommunal compromise - the 1943 "National Covenant" on the basis of which the Lebanese state had functioned since gaining independence in January 1944. On the one hand, the Christians were fighting to preserve the status quo which had traditionally afforded them political and economic ascendancy; on the other hand, organizations under the general leadership of Mr. Kamal Joumblatt (a leader of the Progressive Socialist Party) were able to mobilise widespread support, particularly among the less privileged, in support of their demand for changes in the country's political and economic structure. Between these two extremes, traditionally conservative Sunni Moslem leaders such as Mr. Karame called for specific reforms - for example, the ending of Christian dominance in the Army - which would effect a shift of power towards the Moslem community while preserving the established social and economic structure. The unwritten 1943 "National Covenant" established a confessional structure for Lebanese political and administrative life, providing for the proportionate distribution of all m a j o r posts among the leading communities on the basis of a census taken in 1932, which had shown Christians to be a majority. Under the covenant, the President and Army commander were always Maronite Christians, the Prime Minister a Sunni Moslem and the president (Speaker) of the unicameral parliament a Shia Moslem; in addition, parliamentary seats (then totalling 99) were divided between Christians and Moslems (including Druzes) on a ratio of a six to five respectively. The Christians, particularly the Maronites, were, therefore guaranteed a dominant role. On the international scene, the Lebanese crisis posed a grave threat to stability in the Middle East, particularly since the Israeli Government repeatedly warned that it would not tolerate any attempt to occupy Lebanon by neighbouring Syria - the latter country having traditionally exercised considerable influence over Lebanon. For its part, the Syrian Government represented the majority view of the Arab world that major reforms should be instituted in Lebanon in favour of the Moslem community but that any "extreme" solution - such as partition of the country between Moslems and Christians - should be resisted in favour of a negotiated settlement. Over the course of the conflict, Syria played a predominant role in securing several temporary ceasefires and in April 1976, Syrian troops occupied limited areas across the Lebanese border, while throughout the crisis Syrian-backed units of the Palestine Liberation Army assumed security functions in Beirut and other areas of Lebanon.

WAR IN LEBANON (1975 - 1976) Protracted and bitter fighting between various factions in Beirut and other parts of the country reduced Lebanon to a virtual state of civil war from September 1975 and caused heavy loss of life and widespread destruction. Because of its own internal divisions, the Government of Mr. Rashid Karame - which had been formed on June 30, 1975, following serious fighting earlier in the year found itself powerless to stem the growing violence, which resulted in strong pressure being exerted in favour of the resignation of President Frangieh. In April 1976 the Government introduced a constitutional amendment to facilitate the resignation of the President before the expiry of his term of office, following which the Lebanese Parliament on May 8 elected Mr. Elias Sarkis to succeed President Frangieh. Whereas the crisis had originated in clashes between 376

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The Syrian and most other Arab Governments backed Lebanese moderates in their efforts to achieve a compromise solution to the crisis.

against army interventions in the north, the crisis deepened during the night of Sept. 1 4 - 1 5 when 12 gunmen were killed in a clash with an army patrol on the Beirut - Tripoli coastal road. This incident marked the first direct clash involving the Army since the Sidon disturbances of February 1975 and provoked a rapid escalation of violence in Beirut, Tripoli and other towns which continued virtually unabated and with unprecedented ferocity for over a week. The renewed fighting in Beirut was particularly severe in the southern suburbs, where armed militia from the Christian stronghold of Ain Rumaneh engaged in running street battles with militias of the neighbouring Moslem quarter of Shiyah. FSI forces brought in armoured cars and roof-top marksmen in an effort to quell the violence and were reported to have fired on gunmen of both sides. In a ultimatum issued on Sept. 16, the Phalangist leader Mr. Gemayel, urged the Government to use all force at its disposal, including the Army, to stop the fighting, failing which the Phalangists would "reconsider their positions". The following day Phalangist militia launched on offensive against Moslem positions in central Beirut. Repeated announcements of truces and ceasefires were either ignored or observed only briefly and there were widespread kidnappings, summary executions, arson and dynamiting of buildings in the capital. On Sept. 19 the Government took Special measures to seal off the business and banking quarter of the city, while the Governor of Beirut, Mr. Shafik Haidar, imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew. Casualties in Beirut were reported (on Sept. 19) to have reached over 70 dead and at least 175 injured over the previous five days. With the situation deteriorating rapidly, the Syrian Deputy Premier and Foreign Minister, Mr. Abdel Halim Khaddam, flew to Beirut on February 19, 1976, accompanied by the Syrian Chief of Staff, Major-General Hikmat Shehabi, for emergency talks with government ministers and other Lebanese leaders, including Mr. Gemayel, as well as with Palestinian representatives. On the basis of the Syrian mediation, it was announced on September 20 that a ceasefire had been agreed "by all parties".

ONSET OF VIRTUAL WAR (AUGUST - DECEMBER 1975) In the first phase of the resumed Lebanese conflict lasting from late August until the end of 1975, fighting between Moslem groups and Christian militia steadily escalated in intensity, reducing Beirut and the country at large to a state of paralysis and anarchy. During this stage of the crisis, Palestinian guerillas generally refrained from direct involvement in the fighting, although' they were heavily engaged in Moslem areas in policing the ceasefires which the Government succeeded in establishing from time to time. ESCALATION OF ARMED CONFLICT After two months of relative calm following the formation of the Karame Government on June 30, 1975, serious fighting broke out again at the end of August after residents of the predominantly Christian town of Zahleh, 25 miles east of Beirut, clashed with the Shia Moslem inhabitants of the neighbouring locality of Saad Nayel. By early September the fighting had spread to other Lebanese towns, particularly in the north, where a major battle developed between the Moslem port of Tripoli (Lebanon's second largest city) and the Maronite Christian town of Zghorta, some 10 miles inland to the southeast. Emergency meetings of the Lebanese Cabinet were held on September 8, 9 and 10, at which the Vice-Premier and Interior Minister, Pres. Camille Chamoun (who was also leader of the National Liberal Party), demanded that the army should be sent in to assist the Internal Security Forces (FSI) in restoring order in northern Lebanon. However, after Moslem leaders including members of the Cabinet, had reportedly opposed the direct involvement of the military, Mr. Karame announced on September 10 that the Army had been instructed to form a buffer zone between Tripoli and Zghorta without directly intervening in either town, where security would remain the responsibility of the FSI. At the same time, in a conciliatory gesture to the Moslem community, the (Christian) C-in-C of the Army, Major-General Iskandar Ghanem, was given extended absence of leave from his command, which was transferred to Colonel Hanna Saeed who was promoted to the rank of major-general at the head of a six-man command council of Moslem and Christian officers. After delays caused by further opposition from Moslem leaders, army units began occupying positions between Zghorta and Tripoli, late on September 11, and by the following day the fighting was reduced to isolated clashes. However, after Mr. Joumblatt and other leaders had been persuaded by Mr. Karame on September 14 to call off a general strike planned for the next day in protest

"NATIONAL DIALOGUE COMMITTEE" Although serious violations of the ceasefire were reported in the next two days, the fighting had subsided sufficiently by Sept. 24 for the Government to be able to announce the establishment of a 20-member "National Dialogue Committee" comprising leading representatives of the seven principal Lebanese communities. The composition of the committee whose task was to reestablish peace and initiate negotiations for a lasting political solution to the crisis, was fixed as four Maronite Christians, four Sunni Moslems, four Shia Moslems, three Greek Orthodox, two Greek Catholics, two Druzes and one Armenian. 377

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Both Mr. Gemayel (Maronite) and Mr. Joumblatt (Druze) agreed to participate in the committee, even though the latter had rejected attempts to set up such a body on the grounds that it would imply a "tribal reconciliation" rather than a commitment to fundamental reforms of the national structure. Other members included Mr. Karami and Mr. Saeb Salam for the Sunni Moslem community, Mr. Chamoun (Maronite) and Mr. Raymond Edde (a moderate Maronite leader of the National Bloc). President Frangieh did not become a member of the committee. The National Dialogue Committee held its first meeting on Sept. 25 in the presence of Mr. Khaddam and was reported to have initiated the preparation of a political economic and social reform programme. The second meeting of the National Dialogue Committee on Sept. 29 reached agreement on new measures to strengthen security and promote recovery, including the dismantling of all remaining street barricades, reconstruction of an estimated 2,000 destroyed or damaged buildings and payment of compensation to victims of the conflict. It also secured an undertaking that Phalangist and Moslem groups would close down their respective clandestine radio stations, moderate sectarian newspaper propaganda and halt their kidnapping activities. However, on the fundamental issue of dividing the country, the committee was reported to have made no progress in reconciling the widely differing viewpoints represented by Mr. Joumblatt and Mr. Gemayel respectively. Although a third meeting of the National Dialogue Committee was held on Sept. 30, when all banks in the capital opened for the first time in two weeks, renewed tension was generated on that day by the murder of several persons. The following day (Oct. 1), up to 400 people were reported kidnapped and heavy fighting took place between the Ain Rumaneh and Shiyah suburbs of Beirut. Already seriously affected by the continuing violence, President Frangieh's position was further eroded by calls for his resignation by two leading traditional moderates Mr. Edde and Mr. Salam. A fourth meeting of the National Dialogue Committee on Oct. 2 agreed to ask the armed men and all parties to withdraw from the Beirut street by 11 a.m. the following day to allow the security forces to take over roadblocks and other strategic points. In accordance with the committees decision, security forces on Oct. 3 occupied new positions between the contending factions and succeeded in establishing relative calm in the capital. In an attempt to promote intercommunal trust and cooperation, the principal Christian and Moslem leaders on Oct. 4 held meetings at the seat of the Maronite Patriarchate in Bkerke and also at the Sunni Moslem spiritual headquarters at Dar-el-Fatwa in Beirut. At the conclusion of their talks a communique was issued rejecting "all talk of partitioning the country", in the belief that "a collapse of national unity here would be a

condemnation of both Christians and Moslems". Despite these initiatives, however, general righting resumed in Beirut on the evening of Oct. 7, spreading to the hitherto largely unaffected western suburbs of the capital and also involving other parts of the country, notably Tripoli and Zghorta in the north, where units of the Lebanese Army became engaged in clashes with gunmen. Notwithstanding several ceasefire declarations, the fighting continued unabated for several days, and after a brief lull in mid-October resumed with even greater ferocity towards the end of the month, when factions led by the Independent Nasserites advanced to the high Kantari-Clemenceau district. By Oct. 24 units of the Lebanese Army were deployed in the capital guarding public buildings, and on Oct. 27, western ambassadors met in Beirut to co-ordinate plans for the mass evacuation of their nationals, which began the following day. By the end of October, opposing factions fought for control of the Holiday Inn and other international hotels in northern Beirut. Meanwhile on the basis of a proposal by the Kuwait Government, the Arab League held an emergency meeting on the Lebanese situation in Cairo (Oct. 15-16) at the level of Foreign Ministers. However, both the Syrian and Libyan Governments, as well as the PLO, boycotted the meeting, which ended inconclusively as regards Lebanon, although an approved statement warned that the Arab states would use "all their resources" in concerted action if Israel intervened in southern Lebanon. Syria, Libya and the PLO boycotted the Cairo meeting because their demand that it should discuss the Lebanese situation within the overall Middle East framework, with particular reference to the second Egyptian-Israeli disengagement agreement of Sept. 1976, which all three opposed, was not accepted by other Arab League members. Moreover, the PLO was understood to fear that the Cairo meeting would raise the question of the Palestinian presence in Lebanon and the conditions attached thereto. Because of the security situation in Beirut, only 64 of the 99 deputies were able to attend a special session of the Lebanese Parliament on Oct. 21 at which Mr. Kamel Assaad was elected to his ninth term as president of the Chamber of Deputies by 47 votes to 17. In the ensuing debate, Mr. Karame strongly defended his opposition to the direct use of the Army to quell the violence, on the grounds that it would involve Lebanese soldiers in fighting the Lebanese people. He asserted that "if the leaders of the parties would stay at home and hold back their followers, then the fighting will stop", and also categorically rejected the idea of partitioning the country. SECURITY COMMITTEE With the National Dialogue Committee apparently unable to take any positive decisions because of its internal divisions, Mr. Karame on Oct. 28, 1976 announced the 378

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formation of a special nine-member "security committee" which would go into continuous session with him in the Grand Serail (the Prime Ministers's official residence) until peace was restored. Membership of the committee comprised leading representatives of the principal communities, as follows: Mr. Gemayel, Mr. Chamoun, and Mr. Edde (all Maronites), Mr. Philippe Takia (Foreign Minister - Greek Catholic), Mr. Ghassan Tueni (Minister of Labour, Tourism, Industry and Petroleum Affairs Greek Orthodox), Mr. Salam (Sunni Moslem), Mr. Abdalla Yafi (Sunni Moslem), Mr. Adel Osseiran (Minister of Justice, Public Works, Economy and Trade - Shia Moslem) and Mr. Joumblatt - (Druze). Although Mr. Gemayel and Mr. Chamoun failed to arrive when the committee assembled on Oct. 29, the other members succeeded after protracted negotiations involving Mr. Arafat, in establishing the basis for a new ceasefire - the 12th since the fighting started in late August - which was to be policed by a "Higher Military Committee", comprising representatives of all the contending factions and of the PLO. Following a further meeting of the National Dialogue Committee on Nov. 3 the ceasefire gradually took hold in Beirut and elsewhere, and by Nov. 6 banks and shops had re-opened, while FSI units had taken over the advanced positions previously held by opposing militia groups. Mr. Karame took the decision to set up the security committee after the Lebanese Parliament had for several days been unable, because of the fighting, to obtain the necessary quorum of 50 members to conduct business. Shortly after Mr. Karame's announcement, two men were killed in an exchange of fire outside the Parliament building as Mr. Gemayel was standing on the steps. Mr. Assaad described the shooting, which Phalangists claimed was an attempted assassination of Mr. Gemayel, as "an attempt to annihilate the country's democratic system". Despite the ceasefire, a further internal crisis developed on Nov. 6 when Mr. Karame was unable to prevent a large consignment of arms - allegedly destined for Christian militia groups - from being unloaded from a cargo ship at the Phalangist - dominated port of Jounieh, 12 miles north of Beirut. After army and navy units sent to search the ship had reported that it contained livestock, a Lebanese-Palestinian force ordered by Mr. Karame to make a further inspection was prevented from reaching the harbour by Phalangist militia. After a meeting of the Cabinet on Nov. 15, Mr. Karame announced that President Frangieh had agreed to discuss with him proposals for reforming Lebanon's confessional system, particularly with a view to placing Moslems, and Christians on an equal footing in the Lebanese Parliament. However, the Prime Minister's proposals were rejected by Mr. Joumblatt and other leaders as insufficiently fundamental. In common with earlier ceasefire periods, the 12th

truce was marred by continuous kidnappings by both sides, which intensified from Nov. 12 and gave rise to renewed clashes, leading to the complete breakdown of the ceasefire by Nov. 21. After several days of fierce fighting in Beirut and elsewhere, during which the National Dialogue Committee met abortively on Nov. 24, both President Frangieh and Mr. Karame made television and radio broadcasts on Nov. 29 in which they appealed jointly for an end to the violence. This joint initiative by the President and Prime Minister was seen as in part the outcome of a mediation mission to Lebanon by the former French Prime Minister, Mr. Maurice Couve de Murville, lasting from Nov. 19-30. An earlier mediation mission had been undertaken on behalf of the Pope by Cardinal Paolo Bertoli (a former apostolic nuncio in Lebanon) who was in Beirut from Nov. 9 to 16, but made no progress towards reconciling the contending factions. The Nov. 20 broadcasts by President Frangieh and Mr. Karame coincided with a general lull in the fighting, apparently to allow banks to be reopened so that gunmen could join others in withdrawing their salaries to buy supplies for the ensuing month. Similar lulls had occured previously, the phenomenon being known as the "pay-day truce". THE DECEMBER FIGHTING After attemps had been made in the earlier part of December to secure agreement for the expansion of the six-member Cabinet to include representatives of the combatant groups, so as to enable it to implement the reconciliation programme announced by the President and Prime Minister on Nov. 29, fighting was resumed with even greater intensity from Dec. 8. The new fighting was preceded on Dec. 6-7 by a wave of kidnapping and summary executions. At least 140 people were reported to have been killed in this episode. Although a 24-hour curfew-declared by Mr. Chamoun on Dec. 7 - came into effect on Dec. 8, heavily armed militias led by the Independent Nasserites "Al Mourabitoun" made rapid new advances into northern Beirut, in an apparent attempt to push Phalangist units back into the stronghold of Ashrafiyeh (south of the coastal area of Qarantina). Moslem forces quickly occupied the St. Georges's and Phoenicia hotels and other prominent buildings, but encountered strong resistance from Phalangists and National Liberal Party militia entrenched in the Holiday Inn. The "Al Mourabitoun" militia led by Mr. Ibrahim Koleilat had increased their influence in each round of the fighting. On the evening of Dec. 10, Mr. Karame announced that the Higher Military Committee had secured agreement for a ceasefire. However the meeting had been boycotted, with the result that the ceasefire deadline passed unobserved. Fighting continued for several more days. 379

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A generally-observed truce was eventually established on Dec. 15, after which FSI and army units, together with PLO forces began occupying positions between the opposing militias. Contrary to the published terms of the ceasefire, however, the opposing forces refused to vacate certain key positions in the northern areas of the capital, including the St. George's Hotel and the Holiday Inn. Serious clashes were also reported in December from the Tripoli - Zghorta area in the north and from the Bekaa valley to the east of Beirut. Attempts to resume political discussions on the country's future were hampered by a new dispute over a statement by President Frangieh on Dec. 17 that Palestinian guerillas had fomented the violence. Mr. Joumblatt and other leaders rejected the allegation and demanded the resignation of both the President and the Interior Minister (Mr. Chamoun) as a precondition towards reconciliation. In the second half of December, several new mediation attempts were instigated or supported by Arab governments. From early January 1976, the conflict entered a new phase when Palestinian guerillas intervened actively on the side of the Lebanese leftists, following a Christian blockade of a Palestinian refugee, camp. After more than two weeks of fighting, during which Moslem and Palestinian forces mounted a major assault on Christian positions, a further ceasefire gained acceptance on Jan. 22. There followed a period of relative stability in February during which, on Feb. 14, President Frangieh after a visit to Syria announced details of a major reform programme destined to reconcile the country's opposing factions. This programme was known as the constitutional document.

mid-Jan. escalated their anti-Palestinian campaign with attacks on other refugee camps in the Beirut area, after Palestinian forces had from Jan. 6 joined with Moslem forces in a conceived counter-attack on Christian positions, giving rise to battles which observers assessed as the heaviest yet seen in the fighting. The direct involvement of the Army seemed imminent when on Jan. 11 Palestinian and Moslem forces seized an army convoy carrying supplies to the Tal Zaatar camp; however, after the Army had issued an ultimatum and Mr. Arafat had intervened personally, the convoy and its crews were released the following day. In another incident on Jan. 11, Phalangist militia fired on army vehicles killing two soldiers. A new dimension was given to the conflict on Jan. 13 when 1,000 Druzes descended from their strongholds in the Shouf hills in the middle south Lebanon to besiege the Christian villages, apparently in response to the Christian blockade of Palestinian refugee camps. "QUARANTINA UNDER ATTACK" After a ceasefire declared on Jan. 17 had immediately collapsed, Mr. Karame on Jan. 18 announced his resignation as Prime Minister. However, principally at the urgent insistence of the Syrian Government he withdrew his resignation on Jan. 24 after a further ceasefire declared on Jan. 22 achieved general acceptance. The Jan. 17 ceasefire had been followed by a major Phalangist assault on the Moslem locality of Quarantina on the north-eastern seafront of Beirut, designed to safeguard Christian lines of communication between the adjacent Ashrafiyeh district and the Christian hinterland to the north of Beirut. On the other hand, before the ceasefire was established on Jan. 22, Palestinian and other forces had overrun Damour (on Jan. 20) and other Christian towns south of Beirut, forcing their inhabitants to evacuate by sea to Christian areas north of Beirut. At the same time armoured units of the "Yarmouk" Brigade of the Palestine Liberation Army (the military arm of the PLO) were reported to have crossed the border from Syria on Jan. 19-20 and to have engaged in battles with Christian forces in the Bekaa valley to the east of Beirut. During the fighting, substantial numbers of Moslem soldiers under the leadership of Lieutenant Ahmed Khatib (reputedly a Nasserite socialist) deserted from the Lebanese Army and formed the Lebanese Arab Army. The crucial factor in the establishment of the new ceasefire was again the influence of the Syrian Government, which then concentrated on persuading President Frangieh, particularly during a visit which the latter paid to Damascus on Feb. 7 of the need for major reforms of the Lebanese system, on the line of the fivepoint programme announced by President Frangieh on Feb. 14 under which Moslems would obtain a greater share of political and economic power, while Christians would

PALESTINIAN PARTICIPATION IN CONFLICT After Mr. Gemayel and Mr. Chamoun had on Jan. 1 rejected any suggestion of abandoning the 1943 "National Covenant", the former publicly denounced the 1969 Cairo Agreement guaranteeing the Palestinian Presence, while on Jan. 5 National Liberal Party militia mounted a blockade of the Tal Zaatar Palestinian refugee camp on the outskirts of Beirut. The Muslim factions reponded by boycotting the Higher Military Committee on Jan. 6, while the following day the Syrian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Khaddam, accused Lebanese Christian militants of actively seeking the partition of the country and warned that this would mean "Syria's immediate intervention". In Washington, a State Department spokesman on Jan. 7 reiterated US support for the "territorial integrity" of Lebanon, and said that the United States did "not consider partition a solution for Lebanon tragic problem". The spokesman said: "No country should intervene in Lebanon. We are oppposed to outside intervention there by any country, including Syria and Israel". The National Liberal Party and Phalangist militias in 380

BROAD SURVEY retain most of their traditional positions. The provisions of the programme were as follows: 1) Confirmation of the traditional system under which the President would be a Maronite Christian, the Prime Minister a Sunni Moslem, and the President of the Chamber of Deputies a Shia Moslem. 2) Parity of representation of Christian and Moslems in the Chamber of Deputies (instead of the current ratio of six to five). 3) Election of the Prime Minister by the Chamber of Deputies by relative majority, with the list of ministers being drawn up by joint agreement between the Prime Minister and the President. 4) Requirement of a two-thirds majority in parliamentary votes on "vital" questions. 5) Creation of a "High Court" which, on the basis of a "constitutional document" to be drafted later, would adjudicate on the action of ministers and examine the constitutionality of legislation. 6) Swearing in of the Prime Minister and his Cabinet by the President. 7) Joint signature of new laws and decrees by the President, the Prime Minister, the Speaker and the Cabinet, with the exception of the resignation or dismissal of a government. The programme also envisaged the strengthening of the independence of the judiciary; the acceleration of lawmaking procedures; the promotion of administrative decentralization; the abolition of confessionalism in the civil service, while taking account of communal balance for senior posts; the creation of a higher council for planning and development; fiscal and economic reforms to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth; free compulsory education and reform of the teaching system; reform of the structure of the armed forces; maintenance of the freedom of the press, and reform of the naturalisation law.

Jounieh by some 200 Christian soldiers from Qoubayat, who demanded that they be sent to defend their town, although a joint force of the Lebanese army and the Palestine Liberation Army (PLA) on March 7 stabilized the situation around Qoubayat, the overall situation rapidly deteriorated on March 8 when considerable numbers of Moslem soldiers in southern Lebanon staged a rebellion, declaring themselves to be supporters of lieutenant Khatib the leader of the Lebanese Arab Army. ULTIMATUM TO PRESIDENT FRANGIEH As disaffection in all sections of the armed forces mounted, on the evening of March 11 the military commander of the Beirut area, Brigadier Abdul-Aziz Ahdab, declared a state of emergency, demanded the resignation of President Frangieh and of the Government within 24 hours and assumed the title of "provisional military governor of Lebanon". President Frangieh immediately dismissed Brigadier Ahdab's demands as unconstitutional and pledged that he would remain in office "to defend legality" even at the cost of the lives of himself and his family. He ignored further ultimata from the rebel officers and also refused (on March 14) to accept a call for his resignation which had been contained in a petition supposedly signed by 68 of the 99 members of the Chamber of Deputies. In the light of the President's refusal to resign, Brigadier Ahdab and Lieutenant Khatib agreed on March 15 to "unify their effort" to depose him. On the same day rebel Moslem forces mounted a concerted attack on the presidential palace at Baabda, six miles to the south - east of Beirut. However, a full-scale military confrontation between the two sides was largely avoided when on March 16 Palestinian regular forces and Syrián-backed-Al Saiqa" guerrillas halted the two-pronged rebel advance on the presidential palace and took up positions between the rebel forces and those guarding the palace. The Syrian intervention to save President Frangieh marked the effective end of Brigadier Ahdab's attempt to achieve a "Lebanese solution" to the crisis. Beginning an intensive new effort to find a political solution to the crisis, President Assad of Syria on March 16-17 had talks in Damascus with a number of Christian and Moslem Lebanese leaders, including Lieutenant Khatib, and with Mr. Arafat. Brigadier Ahdab announced on March 17 that he would co-operate with the Syrian attempt to find a political solution and the following day, in repeating his demand for the resignation of the President, omitted previous references to the use of force. A meeting of the Cabinet on March 22, which was attended by President Frangieh, reached agreement on a formula for the early election by Parliament of a new President (who would, as hitherto, be a Maronite Christian), and also agreed to propose a blanket amnesty for all rebel soldiers. Mr. Joumblatt, however, rejected the

MARCH-APRIL, 1976 - ATTEMPTED SEIZURE OF POWER BY ARMY OFFICERS - SYRIAN INTERVENTION A rebellion by Moslem sections of the Army in March precipitated an attempted seizure of power by army officers, who demanded the immediate resignation of President Frangieh and the installation of a new government. The resumption of serious fighting by the end of March, in which Moslem forces made considerable advances, reduced the country to a state of total warfare and anarchy, which was partially alleviated only after the Syrian Government had intervened. REBELLION BY MOSLEM ARMY UNITS Serious clashes in early March around the northern town of Qoubayat, between Christian militia and an attacking force of the rebel Lebanese Arab Army, gave rise on March 6 to a mutiny at a garrison near the port of

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proposals as a "procrastinating ruse" and reiterated the demand for President Frangieh's immediate and unconditional resignation. Syria's renewed mediation attempts were accompanied by a massive escalation of fighting throughout the country, in which Moslem forces - who were now reported to be under the overall direction of Mr. Joumblatt - made significant advances on Christian positions in Beirut and elsewhere. On March 23 "Al Mourabitoun" militia finally captured the Holiday Inn in Beirut from the Phalangists; on March 26 President Frangieh was forced to leave the presidential palace at Baabda and move to the Christian stronghold of Jounieh; and by the end of March Moslem forces were in control of most strategic points in the capital. As Moslem pressure on Christian strongholds mounted, Mr. Gemayel became commander of a unified rightwing Christian command, and on March 25 issued an appeal to all his supporters to rally to the defence of Christian areas. The following day right-wing newspapers estimated that 18,000 young men and women had reported to Phalangist recruiting offices in response to the appeal, although other reports indicated that large numbers of Lebanese Christians were fleeing the country by sea to Cyprus. In a conciliatory appeal to moderate Moslem leaders on March 28, Gemayel expressed his willingness to discuss specific reforms to save the country from partition.

Brigadier Ahdab's Beirut garrison, and the Syrian Government was to prevent any further arms supplies reaching Lebanese groups. The new ceasefire achieved only partial acceptance. From April 2, however, continued clashes, kidnappings and robberies demonstrated an absence of effective supervision, with the result that from April 5 the Syrian Government sent in extra "Al Saiqa" units to guard strategic installations such as the Sidon oil refinery and Beirut airport, and also mounted a naval blockade of Lebanese ports to prevent the landing of arms supplies. As the fighting continued, regular Syrian forces on April 9 intervened directly in the Lebanese conflict for the first time when armoured units occupied the Masnaa border post some three miles inside the country on the Damascus - Beirut highway, displacing troops of the Lebanese Arab Army. In the following few days Syrian forces took other positions in the eastern and northern border areas of Lebanon, effectively sealing off the frontier and exercising a restraining influence on the various combatant forces. US AND ISRAELI REACTIONS The Israeli Prime Minister, Mr. Izhak Rabin, stated on April 15 that his Government had set limits on the degree of Syrian involvement which it would tolerate in the Lebanese situation. Mr. Rabin said: "We are watching with concern. When the Syrians overstep certain limits we have set ourselves they are not necessarily geographical lines but also in the manner of their involvement - we shall have to take additional measures". He added that Israel's policy towards Lebanon was based on the principle of non intervention but was also governed by the extent to which Israel's security was affected. It was reported on April 21 that Israel regarded the Litani River in southern Lebanon as the "Red Line" beyond which any further Syrian encroachment would be regarded as a security risk. In a press conference published on April 20, President Ford endorsed earlier official statements that the US Government regards Syrian policy towards Lebanon as "constructive".

Dr. WALDHEIM'S INITIATIVE In a letter dated March 30, the UN Secretary - General, Dr. Kurt Waldheim, drew the attention of the Security Council to the gravity of the situation in Lebanon and asked it to hold a special meeting on the crisis on the grounds that "a further deterioration of the situation... may carry implications extending well beyond the boundaries of that country". On the other hand, Mr. Dean Brown, a special envoy of President Ford, arrived in Beirut on March 31 on a factfinding mission, during which he had discussed with all the leading parties in the conflict except the Palestinians. Shortly before his arrival, the State Department had announced that seven ships of the US Sixth Fleet were patrolling within 20 hours' sailing distance of Lebanon and were ready to carry out the emergency evacuation of the 1,000 American personnel remaining in Lebanon. After the Syrian Government had exerted further strong pressure on Mr. Joumblatt, particularly by banning all further arms supplies, the latter announced on April 1 that the Lebanese leftist groups had agreed to accept a truce, which was to come into force at noon on April 2 for a trial period of 10 days, during which President Frangieh was to resign, a new head of state to be elected by Parliament and reforms introduced to "secularise" the state. The new ceasefire (the 27th) was to be policed by the PLA and the PLO's Armed Struggle Command and by

PRESIDENT - ELECT ELIAS SARKIS At a special meeting of the Lebanese Parliament held in the heavily guarded Villa Esseily on the intercommunal borderline in central Beirut on April 11, 1976, the 89 deputies present voted unanimously in favour of an amendment to Article 73 of the Constitution to enable a new President to be elected up to six months before the end of the incumbent's term. (President Frangieh's six-year term was due to expire on Sept. 23, 1976, and under existing procedure his successor would have been elected not earlier than two months before this date). On May 8 the Lebanese Parliament elected Mr. Elias Sarkis to succeed President Frangieh. 382

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In a broadcast following his election, Mr. Sarkis promised to be President of all Lebanon and of all the Lebanese. He urged all factions to stop fighting and begin the reconstruction of the country, and promised cooperation with Palestinian groups and with Arab States. Nevertheless, in the latter part of May fierce fighting continued in many parts of the country, and at the end of the month President Frangieh, who had been expected to resign within a few days of the election of Mr. Sarkis, still remained in office.

Engagements were particularly heavy in northern Lebanon as Palestinian and Lebanese leftist forces mounted offensives against Zghorta, Chekka and other Christian towns, which were, however, repulsed by Christian militia. In Beirut, Christian militia continued the siege of Tall Zaatar and also mounted an offensive against the neighbouring district of Nabaa. A further ceasefire agreement announced on July 24 after mediation by a special Arab League envoy. Dr. Hassan Sabry el-Kholy (Egypt), broke down immediately when an underground shelter in the Tall Zaatar camp collapsed during Christian shelling, it being later established that 250-300 civilians had died in this incident. Notwithstanding the failure of the Arab League's intercession further mediation by the Libyan Prime Minister, Major Jallud, succeeded in initiating talks in Damascus on July 22 between the Syrian Foreign Minister, Mr. Khaddam, and a PLO delegation. At the conclusion of the talks on July 29, and agreement was signed by the two sides providing for a general ceasefire.

"SYMBOLIC" ARAB LEAGUE PEACEKEEPING FORCE Towards the end of May a major escalation of the fighting in Lebanon particularly in Beirut (where surface to surface missiles were used for the first time and whose International Airport came under heavy shelling from Phalangist militia) and in northern Lebanon led to a major new Syrian intervention on May 31 - June 1 when additional armoured - supported Syrian troops crossed the border as part of a Syrian advance to new positions closer to Beirut and other major towns. Subsequently, strong resistance from Lebanese leftist and Palestinian forces, combined with criticism of the new Syrian action by a number of Arab Governments, notably Egypt, persuaded Syria to agree to a conversion of the intervention force into a "Symbolic" pan-Arab peacekeeping comprising units from Syria, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia and the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). Despite this agreement, however, the intervention force remained overwhelmingly Syrian in composition. Although a ceasefire was announced on June 13 following mediation by the Libyan Prime Minister, Major Jallud, who was reported to have secured an agreement between the Palestinian-leftist joint command and the Syrians, fighting resumed in Beirut as National Liberal Party and phalangist militiamen launched a major offensive against the Tall Zaatar and Jisr el-Basha Palestinian camps in southeast Beirut, which escalated in the following few days to a full scale battle along the whole of the 35-mile "confrontation line" between the two sides' positions in the capital. Phalangist shells destroyed a Middle East Airline airliner at Beirut airport on June 27, killing the crew of four, and on June 30 the Jisr el-Basha camp was overrun by Christian militia. Christian spokesmen claimed that both camps had ceased to house refugees and had become instead fortified bases for Palestinian military action. In response to the Christian offensive, Palestinian and leftist forces mounted counter-attacks in various parts of the country and in late June and early July repeatedly shelled the port of Jounieh, which had been the effective Christian "capital" since early 1976. Intensive fighting in many areas at the beginning of July continued despite the declaration of a ceasefire on July 3 negotiated by Mr. Riad on behalf of the Arab league.

FALL OF TALL ZAATAR Efforts by Arab league and other Arab mediators to implement the July 29 Damascus agreement were unsuccessful, as Christian militia pressed home their attack against Tall Zaatar and Nabaa. After 400 wounded inmates of Tall Zaatar had been evacuated under the supervision of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) between August 3 and 6, attempts to take out more wounded civilians were abandoned when the fall of Nabaa to Christian forces led to an intensification of fighting both in Beirut and in other parts of the country, notably in Tripoli. After a siege lasting 52 days, the Tall Zaatar Palestinian camp was finally overrun by Christian militia on August 12. Although most of the estimated 9,000 remaining civilians in the camp were reported to have got out unhurt, two Arab doctors who had been working in the camp stated that some 1,600 people had been killed there during the last few days of shelling and 4,000 injured. It was also reported that large numbers of guerilla defenders had been summarily executed following the Christian victory. Mr. Bashir Gemayel admitted on August 13 that "acts of terrorism and barbarism" were committed by Christian soldiers after the fall of Tall Zaatar; he added, however, that these should be weighed against years of atrocities committed by Palestinian guerillas from the camp. Following the fall of Tall Zaatar, Christian and Syrian forces took the offensive in several parts of the country, apparently attempting to drive Palestinian and leftist forces into certain defined areas and to cut their lines of communication and supply. In the light of the Syrian-Christian offensive and of the failure in late August of further Arab mediation efforts, the PLO command on August 28 ordered the general conscription of all Palestinians between the ages of 18 and 383

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30. Two days later, on August 30, the Syrian Government temporarily closed its border with Lebanon.

Lebanese and Palestinian representatives in the first half of October had failed to achieve a cessation of hostilities, on October 16 all sides agreed to a general ceasefire following a direct appeal by the Saudi Government. The following day a meeting of the heads of state of Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, together with Mr. Arafat for the PLO assembled in Riyadh, the outcome of which was the signing on October 18 of a comprehensive peace plan for Lebanon. The plan provided interalia for (i) the creation of a 30,000 Arab "deterrent" force (as against the existing 2,500 men), which would be under the control of President Sarkis and would be equipped with heavy weapons and armour; (ii) a definition to ceasefire throughout Lebanon starting on October 21, followed by a withdrawal of all Lebanese combatants to the position they held before April 1975; and (iii) full observance by the PLO of the 1969 Cairo Agreement regulating the presence of Palestinians in Lebanon. On November 5 President Sarkis announced the appointment of Colonel Ahmed el Haj (a Lebanese Sunni Moslem) as commander of the new Arab deterrent force the preponderant strength of which was drawn from Syrian forces already in Lebanon (reported to number 25,000 by late October), although the small Libyan, Sudanese and Saudi Arabian contingents of the previous Arab peacekeeping force were also nominally involved. In the course of November Syrian troops acting as the new deterrent force gradually established their presence on the main critical areas of the country in accordance with the Riyadh agreement. The key Palestinian-leftist stronghold of Aley to the east of Beirut was occupied by Syrian troops moved into Christian and Moslem strongholds to the north and south of Beirut. After some initial uncertainty, Christian and Moslem leaders publicly accepted the new Syrian advances, which were opposed only sporadically by small extremist groups of the two sides. On November 15 Syrian troops supported by armoured units moved into the centre of Beirut and took up positions along the confrontation line between the Moslem and Christian areas of the capital, virtually no resistance being reported on either side. Beirut airport which had been effectively closed to civil aircraft since June was reopened to international traffic on November 19. Two days later, on November 21, Syrian forces occupied the Palestinianleftist strongholds of Sidon and Tripoli.

CABINET REORGANIZATION Under two controversial decrees issued by President Frangieh on September 15 (eight days before the expiry of his term of office), Mr. Karame, the Prime Minister, was divested of the important ministerial portfolios of Finance, Defence and Information, which were reallocated to three Christian ministers in a major reorganization of responsibilities, while Mr. Chamoun was appointed to act as Prime Minister whenever Mr. Karame was absent or could not be present. The composition and responsibilities of the new Cabinet were established as follows: Mr. Rashid Karame Prime Minister, Agriculture, Housing and Co-operatives, Tourism Mr. Camille Chamoun Deputy Prime Minister, Interior, Foreign Affairs and Defence Mr. Adel Osseiran Minister of Justice, Education and Planning Mr. Majid Arslane Minister of Public Works, Transport, Hydraulic and Electricity Resources, Health. Minister of Labour & Social Mr. Ghassan Tueni Affairs, Information, Industry and Oil. Mr. Georges Skaff Minister of Finance, Economy & Trade, and PTT. On September 24 President Sarkis moved into the presidential palace at Baabda (east of Beirut) which President Frangieh had been forced to leave in March 1976. He immediately sought to initiate discussions with the various leaders, but no meaningful progress being made. During a two-day advance on September 28 - 29 Syrian forces captured about a dozen villages to the east of Beirut, including the strategic Ayn Tura junction commanding the road from the Christian heartland around Jounieh to the east of Lebanon and Syria, which had been held by Palestinian-leftist forces. In early October Syrian and Lebanese Christian forces continued their offensive against the remaining strategic positions held by the Palestinians and leftists, with the heaviest fighting taking place between Syrian and Palestinian units in the mountains to the east of Beirut. Major engagements also took place from October 10 in southern Lebanon, where Syrian troops advanced against Palestinians and leftists based in Sidon, pushing them back to a small area of the town and establishing a total blockade on their only remaining port of entry for war supplies.

THREAT OF ISRAELI-SYRIAN CONFRONTATION The Syrian advance into southern Lebanon and occupation of Sidon in the second half of November created tension on the Lebanon-Israel border, in view of the Israeli Government's previously declared position that any Syrian troop movements in Lebanon which endangered Israel's national security would provoke

RESOLUTIONS REACHED IN RIYADH After numerous sessions of talks among Syrian, 384

BROAD SURVEY counteraction. Whereas it was generally understood that the Litani river represented the "red line" behind which any Syrian advance would be construed by Israel as a security threat, the Riyadh agreement implied that the Arab Deterrent Force should occupy the leftist stronghold of Tyre, situated three miles to the south of that river. In this delicate situation, after occupying Sidon on November 21, Syrian forces then advanced only as far as the Zahrani refinery on the Litani river, where they halted while intense diplomatic exchanges were conducted to prevent a full-scale Israel-Syrian confrontation, with the US Government acting as intermediary between Damascus and Jerusalem. Although the Israeli Government had repeatedly warned that it would not accept the return of Palestinian guerillas to their former bases in the border region, at the end of October, Palestinian detachments formerly based in central Lebanon were observed arriving at Bent Jbail (a centre only three miles from the Israeli border), while other Palestinian forces were reported to have moved to the Arquoub region. Following the Syrian occupation of Sidon, it was reported on November 22 that the Israeli military command had started sending reinforcements to the Lebanese border, and on November 24 Israeli forces patrolling the area were placed on the alert. Further tensions were created on November 28 when a Syrian demand for the surrender of all heavy equipment held by the opposing factions in Lebanon was rejected by the PLO and leftist leaders, principally on the grounds that they were needed for operation in southern Lebanon.

recently stated: "If there should be an inter-Lebanese conflict, it can only be solved through constitutionally established institutions". Lebanon has been a classic example of how various religious communities can live and prosper together in peace, harmony and freedom and within the framework of a democratic and progressive system of government. The vast majority of the Lebanese realize that violence is not a means of improving or restructuring institutions, for it only begets destruction. The only sane and rational way is through dialogue and consensus and according to the organic laws of the country. What, then, are the origins of the tragic and complex events that have disrupted Lebanese society for so many months? We believe that they are to be found in the web of Middle Eastern contradictions and complexities - that is, the establishment of Israel, the displacement of the Palestinians, the Arab-Israeli wars, the failures of the United Nations to implement its resolutions regarding the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the occupied Arab lands and the recognition and restoration of Palestinian rights, the Arab rivalries and the assaults perpetrated by Palestinians against the sovereignty of Lebanon and the security of its people. The unsettled conditions that resulted from these factors have maintained a state of tension and turbulence in the area, which was bound to affect directly a small country like Lebanon, lying at the cross-roads of Middle Eastern political currents and subject to the pressures. This state of affairs was indeed accentuated by the presence of about 400,000 Palestinians in Lebanon, amongst whom the Palestine revolution established deep roots. For years, friction between the Lebanese authorities and people, on the one hand, and the Palestinians, on the other, has intensified and resulted in a steady deterioration of their relationship. That was caused by constant Palestinian intervention in the internal affairs of Lebanon and intolerable encroachment on its sovereignty. By their very activities, Palestinian irregular and revolutionary forces aroused the apprehensions of the Lebanese population. In 1969, President Charles Helou called attention to the risks that might occur from the disrespect of Lebanese sovereignty by various Palestinian factions. Nevertheless, the situation continued to deteriorate and the fighting which erupted was finally contained when the crisis was resolved by the Cairo Agreement. That agreement regulated the activities of the Palestinians in Lebanon. Further conflicts occurred in May - June 1973 between the Lebanese authorities and the Palestinians, resulting in yet another agreement. At that time, President Suleiman Franjieh, while reiterating his support for the Palestinian cause, denounced the illegal occupation of parts of Lebanese territory by Palestinian elements, as well as the contradiction, in a country as small as Lebanon, between the logic of the Palestinian revolution and the logic of the

EXTRACTS FROM THE SPEECH DELIVERED BY THE PERMANENT DELEGATE OF LEBANON TO THE U.N. AT THE 31st GENERAL ASSEMBLY (1976) Lebanon has been in the throes of unprecedented, cruel and tragic events for over 18 months. The world has been baffled by the intensity of the fighting, the passions it has aroused, the large number of casualties and the extent of destruction. Much has been said and written about the original causes of the fighting and about the obstacles which have prevented a satisfactory settlement until now. In the maze of analyses and theories, a good deal of emphasis was wrongly placed on the internal character of the conflict, particularly in the first phase of events. Lebanon is no different from other countries and naturally has its own political, economic and social problems. While this is not the forum to discuss our internal problems, we should like to stress from the outset that never were our internal problems of such magnitude as to generate so much violence, bloodshed and destruction. In themselves, they could have been resolved in the traditional spirit of conciliation, compromise and national concord which has always characterized the relationships between the various communities and parties in Lebanon. Mr. Kamel al-Assad, Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament, 385

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in the fighting and their stubborn persistence in it. It is deplorable that those who have been the victim of a gross injustice are inflicting an injustice of such inhuman proportion on Lebanon and its people. It is incomprehensible to the Lebanese why western Beirut and peaceful towns and villages in northern Lebanon, in the Beka'a Valley, or in the heartland of the Lebanese mountains of Sidon, having no connection with any aspect of the conflict, should be besieged, occupied and sometimes destroyed by Palestinian forces. Why have so many innocent civilians been killed in the name of "liberation" and "revolution"? And why should many public utilities and buildings be under Palestinian control? Has all that happened in order to prove what a leading Palestinian personality has said, that "the road to Palestine cannot but pass through Aintoura, Aiyoun es-Simaan, and must even reach Jounieh itself'? It is indeed sad for a Lebanese diplomat to stand before this Assembly and denounce the actions of the Palestinians in Lebanon. It is needless to remind delegations here that we have always been in the vanguard of all endeavours to promote the recognition of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. Lebanese diplomacy has devoted its major activities here and elsewhere to the defence of the Palestinian cause and of every Arab cause for the last 30 years. Every President and Government of Lebanon has spared no effort in that connexion. That was, and is, in keeping with our belief that an injustice was done to the Palestinians which must be rectified, in other words that they have the right to return to their homeland. That was not the only service rendered to the Palestinians. About 100,000 of them came to Lebanon in 1948 after they were expelled from their homeland. Their number swelled to over 400,000 by 1975. Lebanon provided them with a refuge and with several opportunities. In our midst they have enjoyed all the freedoms enjoyed by the Lebanese - the freedom to assemble, to organize, to express themselves openly, to disseminate information, to publicize and to contact the entire world through our communication facilities. In the environment of Lebanon and of the Lebanese experience, the Palestinian concept of a free, democratic and secular State in Palestine was born. The best research centres on Palestinian affairs were, in fact, established in Lebanon, and the finest publications on the subject emanated from Beirut. Because of the Palestinian - Israeli conflict, southern Lebanon endured Israeli bombardments and assaults for seven years. One hundred thousand of its inhabitants fled and became refugees in their own country. They swelled the misery belts around our major cities, aggravating an already complex economic and social problem caused by the nearby presence of several Palestinian refugee camps and, mind you, that is in a small country of 2.5 million people. Many delegations have referred to the fact that the

State which wants to preserve its sovereignty. But the Palestinians did not respect the accords that were concluded. And it pains me very much that I, after so many years' service to the Palestinian cause and to the rights of the Palestinians, should stand at this rostrum to bring these hard facts to the attention of the international community. The Palestinians acted as if they were a "State" or "States" within the State of Lebanon and flagrantly defied the laws of the land and abused the hospitality of its people. Furthermore, after the events in Jordan of September 1970, the Palestinians introduced several units of their forces into Lebanon and transferred various commands of the resistance movement to it - without the approval of the Lebanese authorities and, sometimes, despite them. For years, they steadily increased the influx of arms into Lebanon - arms of all calibres and from various sources. They transformed most of the refugee camps, if not all, into military bastions around our major cities, in the heart of our commercial and industrial centres, and in the vicinity of large civilian conglomerations. That was done mainly in remote areas having no connection with the Palestinians' struggle to regain their rights and their homeland. It is difficult to enumerate all the illegal activities committed by those Palestinian elements - sometimes described as undisciplined and uncontrollable - which gave rise, in turn, to the dissatisfaction of the Lebanese Government and the resentment of its people, which charged an atmosphere already fraught with tension. That atmosphere became so explosive that it needed a mere spark to ignite it. A few incidents that occurred in the spring of 1975 provided that spark. The friction between Palestinians and Lebanese could have been settled in a spirit of goodwill and brotherly cooperation, a spirit which had permeated their relations in the past. But it became apparent that the Palestinians had designs of becoming a major factor in the battle for political power in Lebanon. They openly allied themselves, and continue to do so to this very hour, with one group of Lebanese against another. Whatever grievances the Lebanese had amongst themselves or in their relationship with their Government, the Palestinians had neither the right nor the justification to become a party to any internal dispute whatever. Why did the Palestinians risk all the gains we have achieved together for their cause? Why pursue a war in a country that stood by them in all their years of exile and ordeals? Fifty thousand dead, 100,000 injured, 1 million Lebanese refugees in Syria, the Arab world, Europe and America; the dismantling of our administrative, economic, social and educational institutions and enterprises - all that could not be justified by any objective of the Palestinian revolution, nor by any principle of morality and brotherhood. So much human suffering and so much destruction were the result of the Palestinian participation 386

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about which all the Lebanese are united, namely, in their total oppostion to partition and their determination to preserve Lebanon's unity. That was strongly affirmed by President Sarkis the other day in his inaugural speech when he said: "In my view, what are sacrosanct and inviolable are the sovereignty of Lebanon and the unity of its territory and its people". Now I should like to make a few remarks about peacemaking efforts. We welcome some efforts deployed by some friendly states and by several truly sister Arab States which can perceive that the higher Arab interests could be better served in the spirit of Arab brotherhood, fairness and justice to all than through the abuse of Arab wealth for the funnelling of arms, money and men for disruption and sedition in Lebanon. We also welcome the efforts of the League of Arab States, although timid in the beginning, to help restore peace and order. However, we should like to pay a special tribute to our closest sister Arab State, the Syrian Arab Republic. Our special relations are such that anything which affects or afflicts Syria affects and afflicts Lebanon. The Syrian Government, under the wise and firm leadership of President Hafez al-Assad, perceived the dangers inherent in the Lebanese crisis in all their dimensions and initiated several efforts to mediate differences between Lebanese factions and to end the fighting between the Lebanese and the Palestinians. The Syrian Army was sent to Lebanon in a peacemaking effort to separate the combattants and to help restore peace and order. It was resisted by the Palestinian forces and their allies. They called for the withdrawal of the Syrian forces as a condition for the cessation of hostilities and their own withdrawal from positions they occupied. The presence of Syrian troops in Lebanon is subject to Lebanese sovereignty and Lebanese sovereignty alone. The Lebanese authorities and they alone can exercise the sovereign right to determine any position regarding that presence. The Palestinians have no such right and certainly cannot speak for Lebanon nor determine what is best in its interests. President al-Assad said that the Palestinians should not disregard the fact that Lebanon is not Palestine and that Beirut is the capital of Lebanon and not of Palestine. He added that Syria would accept a demand for withdrawal of its troops from the Lebanese President, or Prime Minister, or Speaker of the Parliament, but not from the Palestinians. In this connection, I should like to bring to the Assembly's attention what President Elias Sarkis stated in his inaugural address on 23 September. He stated that the presence of the Syrian Army in Lebanon must be considered within the framework of the special relationships that exist between Syria and Lebanon. He stated further: "I am in a position to declare that the future of this presence and all that ensues from it depends on the Lebanese constitutional authorities, which must take on their responsibilities and decide their position in

Lebanese crisis is a direct consequence of the Middle East conflict. We agree with that statement. We are convinced that, had a definitive solution been reached about the Palestinian, Middle East problem, the conflict in Lebanon would not have erupted. We respect the assessment of the Soviet Union regarding Lebanon in its proposal concerning a settlement in the Middle East and the Geneva Conference in that respect. We also welcome the statements made earlier in this debate by the United States Secretary of State, Mr. Kissinger, and the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, Mr. Gromyko, about the need to reconvene the Geneva Conference in search of a comprehensive solution to the problems of the Middle East. On our part, we should like to stress the urgency of such an action. I repeat - on our part, we should like to stress the urgency of such an action. We have become a principally interested party, for our future and the lives of our people are at stake. We have consistently advocated the necessity of dealing with all aspects of the Palestinian and Middle East problems. Whatever steps were taken in the past must now lead to an over-all settlement. We cannot stress that urgency enough. The changes resulting from the war of October 1973 and the subsequent efforts made to reach a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict, whether through the Geneva Conference or through partial agreements, had a potentially explosive impact on Lebanon. The Palestinians and the Arab countries which favoured or rejected those peaceful plans took advantage of the liberal and democratic system and life in Lebanon and clashed on Lebanese soil in order to advance their different political objectives. However, no matter how, where and when a comprehensive settlement is reached, it cannot delay the solution of our problem or affect our interests. Our position must be clearly understood. We want to restore peace and order to Lebanon as soon as possible and reestablish our total authority and sovereignty on our land. I should like now to deal with another point which has created some concern in the past. It was feared that events taking place in Lebanon might lead to its partition. Sometimes the fears were generated by talks about "plans" and "plots" undertaken on the international level to achieve partition. We have never known of any such scheme advocated or approach made by anyone in or from Lebanon having as its objective the partition of Lebanon. Despite all the tragic events that have taken place, the Lebanese authorities and forces which persevered in the defence of legality and constitutional institutions have constantly proclaimed their determination to protect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Lebanon for the benefit of all its people without distinction any fear or any accusation to the contrary notwithstanding. Despite the various positions in the present conflict about any other aspect of the crisis, there is one aspect 387

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conformity with the higher interests of Lebanon and in the light of events". This leads me to some final conclusions and thoughts: First, we deeply regret the deterioration in relations between Palestinians and Lebanese. But, more than that regret, we in Lebanon are grieved and appalled at the number of casualties our people have suffered, at the extent of destruction in the country and at the damage incurred to our way of life and on our world image. Secondly, peace and confidence between the Lebanese and the Palestinians can be restored, and it must be restored. It is in their mutual interest to end the fighting speedily. The position of the Lebanese authorities and people is clear. Lebanon cannot and will not allow any encroachment on its sovereignty. Any settlement of its dispute with the Palestinians must ensure the following: dissociation of the Palestinians from the fighting in Lebanon; their withdrawal from all military positions they are now holding; their respect for the sovereignty of Lebanon and its laws; their strict adherence to the accords concluded with them by Lebanese authorities; and their refraining from interfering in Lebanon's internal affairs. Thirdly, while we welcome some Arab and non-Arab efforts to help us solve the crisis, we regret the activities of some Arabs that are heightening tensions in Lebanon. Fourthly, we believe that the time has come to solve the problems of the Middle East by effecting the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the occupied Arab lands and by enabling the Palestinians to exercise their inalienable rights, which have already been recognized, among them the right to self-determination and to nationhood in their homeland in Palestine. Fifthly, while we welcome diplomatic efforts through the Geneva Conference or by others to find a comprehensive solution to the problems of the Middle East, we consider that any delay in achieving this objective should not impede the speedy restoration of peace to Lebanon nor affect its interests. Sixthly, while the Lebanese reject any thought of partition, their determination is to restore the freedom and unity of all the regions of the country, so that they can shape and determine their future together in a manner that will preserve their independence, sovereignty and fundamental liberties. The question is often asked: Can Lebanon survive; can Lebanon stand on its feet again and recover? My answer is an emphatic yes - and it will. Our people have faced adversity many times in the past. They have the capacity and virility to absorb the present calamity, hard as it may be. We have unity of the Lebanese people, regardless of sacrifice. We pray that those who have died did not die in vain. As our President, Mr. Sarkis, stated: "If we rediscover the right path, that of reason, of love and of conscience, our sacrifices will not have been in vain and the Lebanese martyrs of today will have died so that Lebanon might live."

The Lebanese have cut stones from the mountains to build their homes, places of worship and schools. With these stones they built walls against the slopes of the mountains, backed them with earth, terraced them, planted trees on them and transformed Lebanon into the verdant fruit basket of the Middle East. Without any significant help from outside, our people have developed a thriving economy, despite the lack of natural resources. TTiey have made Lebanon one of the best centres for education, health, trade, tourism and communications in the Middle East. Those who have built in the past can rebuild in the future. With the grace of God, with the aid of all Lebanese at home and abroad, with the assistance of our sister Arab States, friendly nations and the United Nations family, Lebanon will rise and thrive again. Lebanon will transform the legend of the Phoenix into reality. Out of the flames and ashes a new Lebanon will be born - a Lebanon that is more united and more free, more resolute and more strong, more dedicated to the social and human progress of its people, to equality and justice amongst them, to amity and co-operation amongst nations, and to peace in the world. I am confident that the image of Lebanon as a land of peace, concord, love and conciliation will shine once again. THE RIYADH AND CAIRO RESOLUTIONS THE RIYADH RESOLUTIONS (October 18,19^6) On October 17, 1976, the Heads of State of Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, together with Mr. Arafat for the PLO, assembled in Riyadh to work out a comprehensive peace plan for Lebanon. The decisions of the Riyadh meeting were set out in resolutions forming part of an official statement and in an appendix to the statement concerning the timetable for implementation. The resolutions and appendix (signed on October 18) were worded as follows: Resolution: "(1) That a ceasefire and an end to the fighting throughout Lebanon be observed by all parties as from 0600 hours on October 21. All parties shall fully adhere to this. "(2) That the present Arab security force be strengthened to become a deterrent force operating inside Lebanon under the personal orders of the President of the Lebanese Republic and that it be 30,000 strong. Its basic tasks shall be : (a) to ensure observance of the ceasefire and the ending of the fighting, to separate the warring forces and to deter any violator; (b) to implement the Cairo Agreement and its appendices; (c) to safeguard internal security; (d) to supervise the withdrawal of armed personnel to the places where they were before April 13, 1975, and to remove all evidence of military presence in accordance with the time table outlined in the appendix attached to this document; (e) to supervise all heavy 388

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weapons - artillery, mortars, missile-launchers and armoured vehicles - which come under the responsibility of the parties concerned; (f) to help the Lebanese authorities, when necessary, to take over the public establishments and utilities in preparation for the resumption of their work and to protect military and civilian public utilities. "(3) That life in Lebanon be restored to normal, in the state that it was before the outbreak of the incidents, that is to say, before April 13, 1975, as a first stage in accordance with the timetable outlined in the attached appendix. "(4) That the Cairo Agreement and its appendices be implemented and adhered to in letter and in spirit with the guarantee of the Arab State participating in the meeting, and that a committee be set up consisting of representatives from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria and Kuwait, to work in coordination with the President of the Republic of Lebanon with regard to the implementation of the Cairo Agreement and its appendices, its term of office to be 90 days with effect from the date of the announcement of the ceasefire. "(5) That the PLO affirms its respect for Lebanon's sovereignty and security as well as its non-interference in the country's domestic affairs, out of its total commitment to the Palestinian national issue. The Lebanese legitimate authority guarantees for the PLO the safety of its presence and work on Lebanese territory within the framework of the Cairo Agreement and its appendices. "(6) That the conferring Arab states pledge to respect Lebanon's sovereignty and security and the unity of its people and territory. "(7) That the conferring Arab States reaffirm their commitment to the Algiers and Rabat Arab summit resolutions (of November 1973 and October 1974) and to supporting and backing the Palestine resistance, represented by the Palestine resistance, represented by the PLO, and to respect the Palestinian people's right to struggle with all means to regain their national rights. "(8) On information affairs: (a) that (negative propaganda) by all parties should cease; (b) that information be channelled in such a way as to consolidate the ceasefire, promote peace and raise the spirit of cooperation and fraternity among everyone; and (c) that work be carried out to unify official information. "(9) That the appended timetable related to the implementation of these resolutions shall be considered as an integral part of these resolutions.

"(3) Armed personnel and all heavy weapons to be withdrawn and evidence of military presence to be removed in accordance with the following timetable: (a) The mountain (i.e. the Mount Lebanon area to the east and north of Beirut): to take place within five days; (b) the south: to take place within five days; (c) Beirut and its suburbs: to take place within seven days; (d) the north: to take place within 10 days. "(4) International highways to be reopened: (a) the following international highways to be opened within five days: the Beirut-Tripoli frontier highway; the Beirut-Tyre highway; and the Beirut-Sidon, Maijayoun-Masna road; (b) observation posts and patrols to be stationed along unsafe roads, to be manned by units of the deterrent security force by agreement with the parties concerned and the commander of that force. "(5) The legal Lebanese authorities to take over public services, institutions and establishments both civilian and military; (a) armed personnel and non-employees to be evacuated from such places; the Arab security force to be assigned the task of guarding these places and facilitating their operation by their employees who will take over; this shall take place within 10 days; (b) such places to be handed over to an official central Lebanese committee which, in turn, will appoint subcommittees in every institution or public utility with the task of compiling an inventory of the contents of that institution or public service and to take them over. "(6) The formation of the forces required to strengthen the Arab security force to take place in agreement with the Lebanese President; these forces to arrive within two weeks. "(7) The Cairo Agreement and its appendices to be implemented as a second stage, especialy with regard to the presence of weapons and ammunition in the refugees camps, and with regard to the departure of the armed Palestinian forces which entered after the events began; this co-ordination to be completed 45 days from the date of the formation of the deterrent Arab Security force". THE CAIRO RESOLUTIONS (October 25-26, 1976) The Arab Heads of States, Members of the Arab League, have met in Cairo to discuss the crisis in Lebanon and the means of its solution in a way which could safeguard the security of Lebanon, its sovereignty and unity and also the protection of the Palestinian Resistance Movement represented by the "Palestinian Liberation Organization" (P.L.O.) as well as the support of the Arab solidarity. Whereas they are committed by their national and historic reponsibility to promote the Arab collective role in order to put an end to the deteriorating situation in Lebanon, and to prevent its explosion in the future, as well as to provide the guarantees needed to the return of the normal life to Lebanon and also to safeguard its political

Appendix "(1) The declaration of a ceasefire and a total end to the fighting throughout Lebanon by all parties to take effect from 06:00 hours local time on October 21, 1976. "(2) Observation posts of the deterrent force, following the establishment of buffer zones, to be set up in areas of tension in order to consolidate the ceasefire and put an end to the fighting. 389

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and economic institutions and others, its national sovereignty and the continuance of the Palestinian Resistance. Whereas the liberation of the Arab land occupied by Israel and the restoration of the national rights of the Palestinian people, primarily the establishment of a Palestinian independent state on its national territory necessitates the support of the Arab solidarity and the mobilization of all Arab efforts and possibilities to serve its vital cause. Considering the necessity of helping Lebanon to overcome its crisis and to restore again its economy and its institutions in order to restore its normal life and to resume its official role in the Arab economic field. The Conference has discussed the prevailing situation in Lebanon in the framework of safeguarding the sovereignty and the independence of the country and also the solidarity of the Lebanese and the Palestinian peoples. It has welcomed the resolutions adopted by the Arab Summit of Riyad and has expressed its appreciation to the achievements of the conference aiming to settle the Lebanese crisis and to safe guard the Palestinian Resistance as well as to support the Arab solidarity. It has aslo decided to adopt the resolutions of the conference as agreed upon on October 18th 1976. The Arab Heads of States have confirmed their previous commitment to provide the guarantees necessary to reinforce the ceasefire which should start at 6:00 a.m. on October 21st, 1976, in order to end all forms of fighting in Lebanon and to restore the normal life on the Lebanese territory as well as to enforce the Arab Security Forces in a way which would permit them to become a striking force working within the Lebanese territory under the personal orders of the President of the Republic. They unanimously agreed to refuse the partition of Lebanon in whatever way or form, de jure ou de facto, openly or tacitly, and also to confirm their commitment to safeguard the national unity of Lebanon, its regional security, its territorial integrity and the non interference in its internal affairs. The Arab Heads of States have expressed their deep concern at the mounting Israeli aggressions on the Lebanese territories, particularly in the South, and on Israel insistance to perform its aggressive and expansive policy on the Arab territories. They have confirmed their wish to implement the Cairo Agreement and its Appendix that the Head of the P.L.O. has announced his total commitment to it. They have agreed to form a committee composed of the representatives of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Arab Republic of Syria and the State of Kuwait, to coordinate with the President of the Lebanese Republic the efforts aiming to implement the above mentioned agreement within 90 days as from the ceasefire. The Arab Heads of States have confirmed their

commitment to the resolution adopted at the 7th Arab Summit in Rabat to consider the Palestinian Liberation Organization as the sole legal representative of the Palestinian people. The Arab States, Members of the Arab League, have committed themselves to support the P.L.O. and not to interfere in its internal affairs. The P.L.O. has also confirmed its policy in not interfering in the internal affairs of any Arab country. The Arab Heads of States have agreed that the Arab countries should contribute in the reconstruction of Lebanon and to eradicate the results of the armed conflict as well as the damage which has affected both the Lebanese and the Palestinian peoples and to provide them with an urgent assistance. The Arabs Heads of States have given a special consideration to the support of Arab solidarity in its capacity as a fundamental basis for the success of any collective Arab action and for the realization of the objectives of the Arab Nation in Liberation and Development. They have confirmed their full commitment to the resolutions adopted by the various Arab Summits and the Councils of the League to that effect and particularly the Covenant of Arab solidarity adopted at the Summit of Casablanca on September 15, 1965. They have discussed with great concern the explosive situation in the Arab occupied territories, motivated by the permanence of the Israeli occupation and the escalation of the acts of terror, coercion, displacement and also expropriation of territories and the profanation of religious authorities and which constitute a flagrant violation of the norms of International laws and the Charter of the United Nations. They pay a tribute to the resistant Arab people in the occupied territories and to its legal national struggle and confirm the standing of the Arab States behind it. They call on all the countries and nations of the world to condemn this permanence of the Israeli aggression as well as to put an end to all forms of dealing with Israel which could help it to peipetuate its occupation of the Arab Land of the permanence of the coercitive action against its inhabitants. INTERNAL SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS 1977-1985 Throughout most of the latter part of 1977 and early 1978 the military situation in the south of Lebanon remained precarious and the ceasefire announced on Sept. 26, after mediation by the United States, was frequently violated by rival factions. Artillery clashes between the forces of Palestinian Moslem coalition and the Christian militia continued intermittently, causing a number of casualities on both sides; for the most part fighting took place around the leftist strongholds of Nabatiyah and Khiam and rightist positions in Koleya and Marjayoun, areas which had been the scene of fierce battles earlier in 1977. The enforcement 390

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of law and order in the southern border area continued to be impeded by Israel's repeated objections to the presence of troops of the 30,000 strong, predominantly Syrian, Arab Deterrent (or peace-keeping) Force south of the so-called "red line" (generally regarded as the Litani river) and by the failure of attempts to implement the third stage of the Chtaura programming accord of July 1977. The third stage of the Chtaura programming, providing inter alia for the withdrawal of Palestinian guerrillas from the southern border area and the deployment there of Lebanese Army units, was to have commenced in August 1977 but due to continued tension near the border with Israel, was repeatedly postponed. Following talks between Palestinian leaders in October, agreement was reached that the third stage would finally proceed on November 1 and would continue for nine days; however, the operation was again delayed by a further crisis in the south, after which the Palestinians hardened their attitude and refused to withdraw unless their Christian adversaries did likewise. The situation was further complicated by Israeli demands, backed by Israeli- supported Christian leaders in the south, that the Palestinians should withdraw on a wider scale than was envisaged under the Chtaura programming and that any settlement in the south must permit Israel to keep open its border gates (the so-called "good fence") with the south of Lebanon, through which Lebanese had access to Israel for medical treatment, employment and other facilities. The Lebanese leadership was believed to favour the implementation of the third stage but was reluctant to enforce it by military means, whereas the Syrians opposed a complete Palestinian withdrawal from the south but at the same time urged the guerrillas not to provoke Israel into further border hostilities. The Lebanese Army, which had split into rival factions during the 1975-76 war, was to have been rebuilt by the end of 1977 (the reorganization of the armed forces having originally been planned for May of that year), by which time Lebanese troops were to have taken over responsibility for security in the south. However, progress towards this goal was slow, despite a number of recruitment drives by the Government. In other parts of Lebanon the overall security situation continued to be tense in this period, but order was for the most part maintained by the presence of Deterrent Force Troops. Moreover, implementation of the first two stages of the Chtaura Programming accord had proceeded with a degree of success and, notwithstanding continuing sporadic outbreaks of violence, had restored a measure of discipline to the Palestinian refugee camps, where there had earlier been a number of clashes between rival guerrilla groups.

Nabatiyah by Christian artillery backed by Israeli units, whose fire was reported to have come from the position inside Lebanon which they had occupied the previous month. The same day Israelis sank a Lebanese fishing vessel, claiming that it had entered Israel's territorial waters and had opened fire, while Lebanese sources said that three fishermen had been killed in the incident. On Nov. 6 a number of Soviet-made Katyusha rockets were intermittently fired from Lebanese territory at the northern Israeli coastal town of Nahariya reportedly killing two inhabitants, immediately after which Israel "returned fire at the source of the firing", aiming at an area around Naqoura near the coast in southern Lebanon. The reprisal shelling was approved by the Israeli Defence Minister, Mr. Ezer Weizman, who warned that his country would "settle accounts" with those responsible for the rocket attacks. Also on Nov. 6, Mr. Yassir Arafat, Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), said in Saida that there would now be no Palestinian withdrawal from southern Lebanon and rejected Israel's demands that this retreat should be beyond that previously agreed. There were further cross-border rocket attacks on Nahariya on Nov. 8 to which the Israelis replied with heavy air strikes (the first since December 1975) and renewed artillery shelling, while their gunboats shelled positions near Tyre; Lebanese officials said that the Israelis had hit civilian targets in Tyre and surrounding villages and had bombarded refugee camps in nearby Rashidiya, Al Bass and Burj al-Shemali. Israel stepped up its raids on the southern coastal region of Lebanon the following day, the then Israeli Chief of Staff, Lieut-General Mordechai Gur, emphasizing that the intention was to "hit the terrorists in the area who has shelled Nahariya". However, reports from Lebanon later that day indicated that only three guerrillas had lost their lives, that the civilian death toll had exceeded 100 and that a large number of civilians had fled from their villages to seek refuge further north. Lieut.- General Gur denied that non-military targets had been attacked (and at the same time accused the guerrillas of "constant violations of the ceasefire in southern Lebanon in their war with the Christians and of a planned and deliberate heating up of the border with Israel"), although it was reported that the areas worst hit, were a number of small villages one of which, Assiya, being completely razed and suffering high casualties. Talks on the latest developments and general situation in the south of Lebanon were held in Beirut on Nov. 23 between President Sarkis, Mr. Abdel Halim Khaddam (the Syrian foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister), Major-General Hikmat Shehabi (the Syrian Army Chief of Staff) and Major-General Naji Jamil (the then Syrian Deputy Defence Minister and air force commander). Among others attending were Dr. Selim Hoss (the Lebanese Prime Minister), Mr. Fuad Boutros (the Lebanese Foreign Minister), Lieut.-Colonel Sami al-

ROCKET ATTACKS ON NORTHERN ISRAEL A particularly serious situation arose in the south of Lebanon in early November 1977 following the bombardment on Nov. 5 of the leftist stronghold of 391

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Khatib (the Lebanese commander of the Arab Deterrent Force) and Mr. Yasser Arafat. Dr. Hoss said afterwards that the meeting had been "positive" and that "a discussion had been held on practical steps to implement the agreements in the south".

apparent attempt by Mr. Jibril's men to open an office in the Tyre region, the residents of Sidon went on strike in protest at the incident and threatened to stop work indefinitely unless all Palestinian guerrillas were ordered out of the town. In reponse to these demands, the PLO decided to set up a force to supervise security in Sidon, and the following day units of the Command of the Armed Palestinian Struggle (APS- the Palestinian security force) moved into the town, where they detained a number of "armed troublemakers". PLO sources subsequently, on Feb. 4, said that agreement had been reached to close down all Palestinian offices in the south except in "strategic areas" - which were not defined - and to clamp down on violation of public order by "undisciplined elements". On March 1 it was announced that the restrictions of Palestinian offices and measures to put an end to "the armed manifestations" in Sidon and also in Tyre and Nabatiyah, where there had been similar disturbances, had accordingly been implemented. The resentment of the people of Sidon against the Palestinian presence was considered to be symptomatic of a general rise in anti-Palestinian feeling among both Christians and Moslems in Lebanon in the face of repeated failures to find a peace settlement for the country and for the Middle East as a whole. In particular, the Shia Moslem community - the majority Moslem group in the south of Lebanon - repeatedly protested at the Palestinian presence and associated violence in and around their villages, and a number of them formed a "national front for the safeguard of the south" which continually urged the Lebanese Government to re-establish order in the border region. Against this background Shia Moslems were frequently involved in clashes between Palestinian-leftist forces and Israel-backed Christian militia in the south.

RESURGENCE OF FIGHTING Although intermittent artillery duels between rival factions continued in the south after the November flareup, United Nations Observers reported in early 1978 that during December the border region had "quietened down considerably". In efforts to maintain the state of relative calm Dr. Hoss on January 15 called for "national detente" among Lebanese, while on January 16 Mr. Boutros and President Assad had further talks in Damascus on ways of consolidating the ceasefire in the south. However, the lull was broken in mid-January by heavy shelling around Nabatiyah and the Christian-Dominated towns of Marjayoun and Koleya, which intensified on Jan. 22 when Phalangist militia and Palestinians reportedly exchanged heavy fire with artillery and automatic weapons. Over the following two days rightist and leftist forces fought for control of Blat (some eight miles from the Israeli border), which the Palestinians were said to have lost to Christian militia on Jan. 23, and to have subsequently regained. Sporadic exchanges of fire continued throughout the ensuing weeks. CLASHES BETWEEN RIVAL PALESTINIAN GROUPS Hostility between rival Palestinian factions, which has resulted in a number of deaths in late 1976 and throughout 1977 continued in the latter part of 1977. Major Incidents occurred on Nov. 7, when a commander of the Palestine Libaration Army died after being shot on leaving the Shatila camp in Beirut, and on Dec. 16, when an armed clash occurred in the Sabra camp in Beirut between two rival Palestinian groups. On both occassions order was restored after the intervention of the Deterrent Force. Earlier, six people were reported killed on Nov. 5 in the Christian locality of Koura, some 60 miles north of Beirut, when rightists battled against leftist forces who were apparently attempting to return to their home town from which they had been driven during the war. Peace-Keeping intervened and "brought the situation under control". On the same day there was an explosion in the West Beirut appartment of a well-known Moslem lawyer, Mr. Abdel Hamid el Ahdab, which killed three people, one of these being the lawyer's six-year-old daughter. Further incidents occurred in the southern port of Sidon at the end of January 1978 involving not only InterPalestinian rivalries but also anti-Palestinian feeling among the local Moslem community. After members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine- General Command (PFLP-GC), led by Mr. Ahmed Jibril, hand clashed with other groups over

HOSTILITIES BETWEEN SYRIAN DETERRENT FORCE TROOPS AND CHRISTIANS IN BEIRUT A general strike was observed in East Beirut and other Christian localities on Jan. 27 in response to a demand from the Lebanese Front (the coalition of Christian parties) for the return of inhabitants of the village of Damour (about 12 miles south of Beirut) to their homes -Damour having been extensively damaged when overrun by Palestinian and leftist forces in January 1976. Subsequently, in early February 1978, Syrian soldiers of the Deterrent Force stepped up their security measures in Beirut, increasing their patrols and roadblocks and deploying some 2,000 more troops in the city on Feb. 6, in an effort to put an end to a wave of explosions which had occurred in the capital during the previous few weeks. Syrian troops on Feb. 7 attempted to set up a check point barrier near a barracks of the Lebanese Army in the Fayadiyah district of Christian - dominated south - east Beirut under the command of Colonel Antoine Barakat (the former leader of one of the right army factions which 392

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had emerged during the war). The Lebanese soldiers, objected to the action and a heated argument ensued which developed into an exchange of gunfire lasting an hour and resulted in the death of between 15 and 18 men. The fighting then spread to other Christian districts of Beirut, notably Ain Rumaneh, the scene of bitter fighting during the war, where militia of the Christian National Liberal Party were drawn into the conflict and were reported to have confronted Syrian troops. The Lebanese Cabinet met in the evening of Feb. 8 to discuss the deterioration of relations between the Syrian troops and Lebanese Christians and appealed to all citizens to be "calm and prudent". At the same time contacts took place between Lebanese Government representatives and highranking Syrian military officials, after which an "unofficial" ceasefire was called. A Lebanese delegation comprising former President Soleiman Frangieh representing the Lebanese Front, Mr. Fouad Boutros and Lieut. Colonel al-Khatib, visited Damascus on Feb. 9 to discuss the clashes with President Assad.

with the intervention of ADF troops. Throughout the five days of fighting President Sarkis met with the two main Christian Maronite leaders, Mr. Pierre Gemayel (head of the Phalangist Party) and Mr. Camille Chamoun (leader of the NLP), and also discussed the situation with representatives of the ADF and with President Assad of Syria. After repeated failures to put an end to the violence, a ceasefire was finally enforced on April 14, by which date at least 100 people, were believed to have been killed. The Moslem and Christian communities blamed each other for the outbreak of shooting, the latter also claiming that Palestinians had been involved in the incidents and that the Syrians had failed to take adequate measures to suppress the activities of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). While there was no reported evidence to support the Christian allegations, eyewitnesses confirmed that extensive damage had been done to blocks of flats and to a hospital in the Christian areas. In the wake of the renewed violence in Beirut Dr. Selim Hoss and his Government, tendered their resignation to President Sarkis on April 19, 1978, but were asked to remain in office until a new administration had been formed. In his letter of resignation Dr. Hoss expressed the conviction that his Government had "carried out its duties in the best manner" under difficult political and security conditions but that henceforth "in the public interest an opportunity should be given to others to participate in taking responsibility for confronting coming events". He added that the formation of a new Government would strengthen the moves towards rapprochement among all factions within Lebanon. Dr. Hoss was, however, finally reinstated as Prime Minister on April 28, following the approval by Parliament the previous day of a six-point "national accord" which had been signed on April 23, 1978, by a committee of 13 parliamentary leaders representing the country's main political and religious groups. The committee was headed by Mr. Kamel Assad, the (Shia Moslem) Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, and also included the two main Christian leaders, Mr. Gemayel and Mr. Chamoun, and two former Prime Ministers (and therefore Sunni Moslems), Mr, Saeb Salam and Mr. Rashid Solh. The accord was officially endorsed by 75 members of the 99 seat Parliament on April 27, having earlier also received the approval of Mr. Walid Jumblatt, the (Druze) leader of the Socialist Progressive Party (forming part of the leftwing Lebanese National movement). Palestinian sources on April 25, however, indicated that they did not consider the agreement to "serve the required national accord" and warned that they would continue their struggle against Israel on Lebanese soil. The provisions of the accord, which stipulated inter alia the banning of all private Christian and Moslem militia groups and of Palestinian guerrilla activity in Lebanon, were as follows:

CESSATION OF SYRIAN - LEBANESE CLASHES IN BEIRUT Fighting had ceased in most areas of Beirut by the late hours of February 9, although sporadic exchanges of fire continued over the next few days with no reports of casualties. As calm returned to the city President Sarkis, Dr. Hoss and Mr. Boutros on Feb. 11-12 met Mr. Khaddam and Major-General Jamil in Beirut for talks (in which Mr. Chamoun and Mr. Franjieh were also understood to have participated) on the cause of the clashes. Agreement was reached that (i) a joint Lebanese - Syrian tribunal would be set up, the main purpose of which would be to try those responsible for the incidents, in Beirut (ii) a joint commission would be established to investigate the events leading up to confrontation in Fayadiyah and to present a report within 48 hours; and (iii) Lebanese Security Forces would join Deterrent Force soldiers at all checkpoints and roadblocks in the city. The Syrian-Christian clashes in Beirut were accompanied by renewed hostilities in the south of the country and by further expressions of concern by the Israelis and their Christian allies in the border area over the presence of the Syrian troops in Lebanon. After a tour of the border area, Mr. Weizman said on Feb. 10 that the Israeli Government was "watching the latest situation closely" and that during his tour he had assured Lebanese Christian military leaders in the south that Israel stood behind them. CHRISTIAN - SYRIAN CLASHES IN BEIRUT, APRIL 1978 Fighting broke out on April 9,1978, between Moslems and Christians in Beirut and intensified on April 12-13 393

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an open reconciliation between the former President and Mr. Rashid Karame (a Sunni Moslem, who had been Prime Minister from July 1975 to September 1976, coinciding with the last year of Mr. Frangie's term of office as President). Moreover, the differences developed into a major crisis on June 13 with the killing by Phalangist forces of Mr. Tony Frangie (the eldest son of the former President), his wife and daughter and at least 30 of his supporters in Ehden (South-East of Tripoli). At the time of his death Mr. Tony Frangie (37) was deputy for Zghorta, having earlier been Minister of Posts and Telecommunications from April 1973 to May 1975. The killings were condemned by President Sarkis and Moslem and Christian leaders alike. Messages of condolence were sent to Mr. Frangie also by the PLO leader, Mr. Yassir Arafat, President Assad and President Sadat of Egypt. The funeral of Mr. Frangie in Zghorta on June 14 (which was attended by some 20,000 mourners headed by Mr. Soleiman Frangie and Dr. Hoss) coincided with a raid by Syrian troops on the village of Deir el Ahmar, some 15 miles South-East of Ehden, in an effort to find those responsible for the attack on Mr. Frangie's house. The June 13 raid was part of a series of confrontations and violent incidents involving rival Christian groups, including armed clashes between the NLP and the Phalangists in May and early June 1978. The Government announced that a new security plan would be implemented in the North which involved inter alia the reinforcement of security forces in the area both by units of the ADF (which would be responsible for law and order in the ZghortaEhden area) and by the Lebanese Army.

(1) UN Security Council Resolution 425 (dealing with the South of Lebanon) must be implemented... (2) All Palestinian and other armed action throughout Lebanese territory must be halted. (3) Any armed presence except that of the forces of the legitimate Lebanese authority must be prevented and Lebanese laws and norms must be applied to all Lebanese and to all those present on Lebanese territory without exception. (4) The Lebanese Army must be built on a sound and correct national basis to enable this Army to assume its responsibilities and discharge the tasks assigned to it. (5) An economic development policy within the framework of the free economic system in its modern concept must be pursued. This policy will be based on exploiting all the country's natural resources and will help to provide all citizens with equal opportunities and to create sound social justice in all Lebanese areas and among all factions of the people. (6) In expressing the will of the people, those taking part in the conference request the legitimate authority to implement it. Notwithstanding the signing of the national accord by both Moslem and Christian leaders it became apparent in the course of discussions on the formation of a new Government that major differences still existed between the two groups, while at the same time the security situation in Beirut remained tense. Against this background Dr. Hoss on May 15 announced that the "exhaustive efforts which we have made" to form a Government of national unity which would "represent all the active political trends in the Lebanese area" had "very regrettably clashed with contradictory attitudes and obstacles which have prevented the attainment of the positive result which we desire". President Sarkis thereupon immediately approved the reinstatement of the Hoss Cabinet which had resigned on April 19.

RENEWED FIGHTING Syrian troops were on July 1-6 1978, involved in renewed fierce fighting with Christians in Beirut, which also caused extensive damage to property, cut water and electricity supplies and led to the temporary closing of the port. While the immediate cause of the latest outbreak of violence was obscure it was widely attributed to the general tension which had arisen between the Syrians and Christians in the wake of the events at Ehden and in the Bekaa valley the previous month. On July 3, Mr. Chamoun accused the Syrians of attempting to commit "genocide" against the Christian community in Beirut (then estimated to total 600,000) and appealed to world powers, in particular the United States, for aid. The following day he called for the withdrawal of the Syrian troops in the ADF, insisting that security in the Christian areas of Beirut could be maintained by Lebanese Forces alone; these demands were, however, immediately rejected by Dr. Hoss who said that "Lebanon is still badly in need of the Arab Forces to oversee the armistice". The Syrians responded on July 4 by accusing the Christian leaders of seeking to maintain a "State within a State" and to dominate Lebanon, and moreover stipulated

FRICTION BETWEEN RIVAL CHRISTIAN FACTIONS - DEATH OF Mr. TONY FRANGIE Serious differences between Christian groups developed in May and June 1978 arising from a power struggle in the North of the country between groups with conflicting attitudes towards the Syrian presence in Lebanon. For the most part the dispute involved, on the one hand, the family and supporters of Mr. Soleiman Frangie, the former Lebanese President (1970-76), who maintained good relations with the Syrians, and, on the other, the phalangists who, together with the NLP, had confronted the Syrian ADF troops on a number of occasions in early 1978. The anti-Syrian stance of the Phalangists and the NLP, together with their gradual encroachement into Christian areas in the North traditionally controlled by the Frangie family, led to a complete break between ex-President Frangie and the Lebanese Front in mid-May 1978 and to 394

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a number of conditions for accepting a ceasefire. These conditions included: (1) the deployment and reinforcement of the Arab Deterrent Force; (2) the restructuring of the Lebanese Army and the dismissal of Lebanese Army officers found guilty of "collaboration" with Israelis in the South of the country. Against a background of continuing righting between the Syrians and Christians in Beirut, President Sarkis on July 6, 1978, advised his senior aides of his intention to relinquish his duties because he was not prepared to be President "in name only". In view of the Lebanese President's intention to resign and the potential risk of an Israeli-Syrian confrontation, the heavy shelling of Christian areas ceased on July 7. Despite continuing tension and sporadic outbreaks of violence, the general security situation improved over the following days, this being partly due to the positioning of Lebanese security forces in areas between the Christian and Moslem communities in Beirut and the gradual reduction of Syrian troops in the city. Moreover, President Sarkis announced on July 15 in a broadcast to the Nation that he had decided to remain assuming his duties, although he warned at the same time that he was not prepared to continue on if Syrian-Christian confrontations recurred. He stressed the importance of friendly ties between the Lebanese and the ADF "in a manner which will reflect the atmosphere of the existing fraternal relations between the Lebanese and Syrian peoples". Fighting between Syrians and Christians broke out again in Beirut on July 22, 1978, and continued over the following weeks notwithstanding numerous contacts between the parties concerned to resolve the situation and appeals for an end to the violence from President Sarkis. A ceasefire was enforced on August 9, however, on which day also a new security plan for Beirut was announced, as agreed to at a meeting between Lt.-Col. Sami Al-Khatib (the Lebanese commander of the ADF) and President Sarkis, Dr. Hoss and Mr. Fuad Boutros (the Lebanese Foreign Minister). Details of the plan were given in an international Herald Tribune report of August 9 as follows: (1) consolidation of the ceasefire between Christians and Syrians in the Christian areas of the capital; (2) replacement of Syrian troops in Christian areas by Lebanese Army and Security Forces; (3) simultaneous disarmament of rightist and leftist militias in Beirut, (4) deployment of Syrians around the capital, and (5) the controlling by the Syrians of Palestinian guerillas in refugee camps and suburbs. The renewed violence caused the departure from Beirut of the dependents of US Embassy employees, an embassy spokesman stating on July 27 that US citizens "with no business or other commitments" in Lebanon were similarly being advised to leave the country, while the Canadian Government at the same time advised its nationals to leave.

In accordance with the new security plan, Christian militia leaders late on August 9 issued a communique ordering their men to cease firing on all fronts and not to appear in uniforms in Ashrafíeh, one of the main battlefields over the previous weeks. The Syrians on August 10 withdrew some 150 soldiers from positions in Ashrafieh. Although the fighting subsided in the following days the Government's efforts to reopen the port of Beirut on Aug. 18 met with violent opposition from unknown gunmen who fired on crowds gathered at the reopening, injuring six. On August 21 another attempt to open the port failed when shooting broke out again. In the meantime Western Beirut had been the scene of violence on August 13 when a bomb explosion severely damaged a building housing Palestinian offices, causing a large number of casualties. Amid renewed friction between Christian groups in the North of Lebanon, Syrian forces between August 25 and August 31, 1978, launched a number of attacks on villages in the Northern Christian enclave around Batroun and in the Bekaa valley, while on August 27 Christians and Moslems again exchanged fire in Beirut. The fighting in the North was reported to have been particularly heavy on August 25-26. By August 29 the Syrians were understood to have largely taken control of one-third of the 800 square-mile Christian'enclave in the North. The security situation in Beirut remained precarious throughout late August and the first part of September 1978. The situation was characterized by frequent outbreaks of figting between Syrian troops and Christians in the Eastern sectors of the capital, notably in Hadath and Ain Rumaneh, while Israeli planes flew low over the capital on numerous occasions. On Sept. 13 the East of Beirut, already extensively damaged and largely paralysed since the resurgence of violence in late July, came to a complete standstill in response to a call for a one-day strike by six Christian groups who demanded (1) the withdrawal of all Syrian troops from Christian areas, (2) the return to their homes of displaced persons; and (3) the non-renewal of the mandate of the Arab Deterrent Force. The Christian protest action was followed on Sept. 15 by a one-day strike in the Moslem sector of the capital which had been called by Lebanon's Shia Moslem Higher Islamic Council to protest at the disappearance of Imam Moussa Sadr, the Iranian-born leader of Lebanon's Shia community. INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE PEACE In September and early October 1978 efforts were made by the Governments of the United States and France to find a solution to the continuing conflict in Lebanon. Moreover, the United Nations Security Council on October 6 unanimously adopted a resolution (436) calling for a 395

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ceasefire in Lebanon, the evacution of the wounded and the continuation of mediation efforts by Dr. Kurt Waldheim, the UN Secretary-General. These moves were made against a background of intense fighting in the capital in early October. Sources in Beirut maintained that practically every building in the East of the capital had been hit or damaged in some way Many civilians fled the area during the renewed fighting, a number being evacuated to Cyprus. At a press conference on Sept. 28, 1978, President Carter proposed the convening of an international peace conference on Lebanon which, under the auspices of the United Nations, would comprise representatives of Western powers, Lebanese parties and other Arab countries and also Israel and would have two aims, namely (i) to obtain an enforceable ceasefire in Lebanon and (ii) to bring about mediation between the Lebanese factions which would lead to the restoration of the central Government's authority under President Sarkis. The US appeal, which President Carter reiterated on Oct. 1, was welcomed by the Lebanese Government and received the immediate support of Dr. Waldheim and also the Governments of Britain and France. On Oct. 5 President Carter personally contacted President Assad of Syria and President Brezhnev of the Soviet Union (who were currently engaged in talks in Moscow) and also Mr. Menahem Begin (the Israeli Prime Minister) and other Heads of State and Government, urging them to cooperate with the US peace initiative at the UN. Following contacts with the United States, the French Government on Oct. 2 revealed its own peace plan which it hoped to implement through the UN while France held the Security Council presidency in October 1978. The plan involved (i) the establishment of a permanent ceasefire, (ii) the creation of "conditions for a dialogue between the Christian and Moslem communities in order to achieve a national accord on the restoration of unity and security and the guaranteed independence of Lebanon", and (iii) the redeployment of the Arab peacekeeping force and the introduction of a buffer zone between the combatants, to be made up by Lebanese Army units. These diplomatic developments took place during some of the heaviest fighting since the 1975-76 war, concentrated in the Christian areas of Beirut but spreading also to the surrounding villages. In a broadcast to the nation on Oct. 2, President Sarkis said that the latest outbreak of violence "exceeded all limits to the point where the foundations of the state are on the verge of collapse" and proposed the formation of a new cabinet of political leaders which would, within 10 days, implement a new security plan under which Syrian troops in East Beirut whould be replaced by regular Lebanese soldiers, who would form a buffer force. Although this proposal was rejected by both leftist and rightist leaders, a unilateral ceasefire was declared by the Syrian forces on Oct. 7 in response to the UN Security Council's resolution of the previous day.

ISRAELI INVASION OF SOUTHERN LEBANON, MARCH 1978 Israel on the night of March 14-15 1978, launched a major invasion of southern Lebanon with 20,000-25,000 ground troops backed by tanks, artillery, fighter planes and gunboats. The operation was mounted notwithstanding a number of diplomatic moves to forestall an anticipated reprisal attack in reply to the March 11 guerrilla raid on Israel and despite assurances by the Lebanese Government that it was in no way responsible for the Palestinian action. Although the Israeli incursion was widely regarded as retaliation for the Fatah raid, Israeli spokesmen on March 15 asserted that the operation was essentially a preventive action to eradicate Palestinian guerrilla bases in the south of Lebanon and to establish a security zone some six miles deep, thereby preventing further attacks on Israeli soil. The Israeli ground attack on March 14-15 was launched across the entire length of the 60 - mile border but was concentrated at three main points - in the east near the Arqoub or "Fathland", in the central border region and on the coast. By the end of the first day's action Israeli troops had advanced some six miles inside Lebanese territory and had overrun at least five Palestinian positions, namely Naqoura on the coast, Bent Jbail and Maroun el Ras in the central sector and the strongholds of Khiam and Ibi el Saki at the approaches to the Arqoub. Fierce fighting was also reported in other areas near the Arqoub, notably around Rashaya al Foukhar near the slopes of Mount Hermon. The PLO admitted the loss of some positions but affirmed that its forces were resisting the Israeli attack. Warplanes and gunboats also attacked areas north of the Litani river, where the town of Dam our and the Palestinian camps of Chatila, Sabra and Bourg al Brajneh on the outskirts of Beirut were hit from the air in the afternoon of March 15. The Palestinian camp at Ouzai, just south of the Capital, was also attacked by the Israelis, who claimed that it "served and continued to serve as a training and maintenance base for terrorist naval units", although there were subsequent reports that heavy civilian casualties had been inflicted during the raid. On March 17 Israeli ground troops pushed forward to areas beyond the six-mile security belt, overrunning Tibnin, where they reportedly met with fierce resistance. Further air and naval attacks on March 17 north of the Litani river included a commando raid near Adioun (north of Tyre) in which at least 14 people were killed when two cars were hit by Israeli fire. While most of the dead were reported to be fleeing civilians (including women and children), the PFLP in Beirut said that one of its senior officers, code-named Jihad Carlos, had been killed in the attack and Israeli spokesmen confirmed that the PFLP officer had been the target of the ambush. On March 18 the then Israeli Chief of Staff, Lt.-Gen. Mordechai Gur, confirmed that Israel had abandoned its original intention of establishing a six-mile security zone and had pushed further north; he added that Israel was now 396

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"talking not so much about a security belt" as a political agreement which would eradicate the Palestinian guerrilla presence from Lebanon entirely, but he stressed once again that Israel did not intend to establish a military administration or permanent presence in southern Lebanon. By the end of the following day (when the UN Security Council adopted a resolution calling for Israel's withdrawal and providing for the stationing of UN forces in the south of Lebanon), Israel controlled the whole of the region south of the Litani river except for a small salient around Tyre and its surrounding refugee camps, on which Israeli artillery continued to fire. The Israeli Government declared a ceasefire in southern Lebanon on the afternoon of March 21,1978 - the announcement coinciding with the opening of talks between Mr Begin and President Carter in Washington. The majority of PLO factions, however, continued to call for a complete and unconditional Israeli withdrawal before they would agree to stop fighting, and sporadic clashes continued to occur in the following weeks. Official Israeli figures given on March 21 put the number of Israeli soldiers killed in the operation at 20 and estimated the number of Palestinian guerrillas killed at between 250 and 400. On the other hand, Palestinian spokesmen claimed that 450 Israeli soldiers had been killed against the loss of 144 guerrillas killed, while Lebanese sources estimated that Palestinian and civilian Lebanese dead totalled 1,168. Western diplomatic sources in early April estimated the civilian death toll at about 1,000. (A further seven Israeli soldiers were killed in guerrilla ambushes on April 5 and 12).

by 12 votes to none with two abstentions (The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia) and with China not participating in the vote, a resolution (425-78) the substantive paragraphs of which were as follows: "(1) (The Council) calls for strict respect for the territorial integrity, sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally recognized boundaries; "(2) calls upon Israel immediately to cease its military action against Lebanese territorial integrity and withdraw forthwith its forces from all Lebanese territory; "(3) decides, in the light of the request of the Government of Lebanon, to establish immediately under its authority a United Nations Interim Force for Southern Lebanon "UNIFIL" for the purpose of confirming the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restoring international peace and security and assisting the Government of Lebanon in ensuring the return of its effective authority in the area, the force to be composed of personnel drawn from member States of the United Nations...". UN RESOLUTION ON SOUTHERN LEBANON Shortly after adopting the above resolution the Security Council also adopted (by an identical vote) a resolution (426/78) approving a report by Dr. Waldheim which specified inter alia that UNIFIL would have a six-month mandate and would carry out a "two-stage operation", the first to "confirm the withdrawal of Israel forces from Lebanese territory to the international border" and the second to "establish and maintain an area of operation as agreed to by the parties concerned"; in the latter connection the force would "supervise the ceasefire between the parties, ensure the demilitarized character of the area of operation, control movements into and out of the area of operation and prevent the entry of unauthorized armed persons into the zone and patrol the zone". The report stressed that the force, the necessary size of which was provisionally estimated at about 4,000 men (including 1,000 logistical support personnel), would be deployed as "an interim measure until the Government of Lebanon assumes its full responsibilities in southern Lebanon". A special session of the UN General Assembly subsequently, on April 21, approved a credit of $54,000,000 for UNIFIL operations in the six-month period to Sept. 18, 1978, and also authorized further expenditure of up to $6,000,000 a month until the end of October 1978 if the UNIFIL mandate was extended beyond Sept. 18. Maj.-Gen. Emmanuel E. Erskine (Ghana), Chief of Staff of the UN Troop Supervision Organization (UNTSO), which had been present in the Middle East since the 1949 Arab-Israeli armistice, was appointed interim commander of UNIFIL and subsequently joined Lt.-Gen. Ensio Siilasvuo (Finland), Chief Co-ordinator of the UN Peace-keeping Missions in the Middle East, in the coordination of arrangements between all parties

REACTION TO ISRAELI INCURSION DIPLOMATIC INITIATIVES The Lebanese Government on March 15 formally complained to the UN Security Council over the Israeli incursion; in a statement the Prime Minister, Dr Selim Hoss, accused Israel of being "more responsible... than any other party" for the "abnormal situation" in southern Lebanon because it had repeatedly refused to permit the Arab Deterrent Force to enforce law and order in the area. On the same day the Foreign Minister, Mr Fuad Boutros, began a series of consultations with Ambassadors in Beirut, while President Sarkis called an emergency meeting of the Cabinet and condemned the Israeli action as a "violation of international principles and the rights of Lebanon and its people". UN RESOLUTION ON SOUTHERN LEBANON DEPLOYMENT OF UN TROOPS Israel and Lebanon on March 17 made separate requests for the UN Security Council to convene to discuss, respectively, the March 11 Fatah raid and the subsequent Israeli incursion into southern Lebanon. At the conclusion of a debate on March 19 the Council adopted, 397

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concerned with respect to the withdrawal of Israeli troops, the deployment of UN forces and the return of refugees and displaced persons to southern Lebanon. Between March 19 and 21 it was established that UNIFIL would comprise, in addition to UNTSO personnel detached from their existing duties, Iranian, Canadian and Swedish contingents detached from service with the UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) on the Golan Front and the UN Emergency Force (UNEF) in Sinai, as well as contingents from Norway, Nepal and France; Dr. Waldheim also announced that Senegal had offered to provide a battalion and that the UK Government had offered to make available a support base in Cyprus. Subsequently, the Nigerian Government also offered to contribute a battalion to the force. The first UNIFIL troops, a 200-strong advance party of an Iranian Company serving with UNDOF, accompanied by nine UNTSO observers from the Sinai, arrived in southern Lebanon on March 22 and were subsequently deployed in the central sector south of the Litani river and at the Akiya bridge over the river. The following day an advance party of the Swedish contingent (detached from UNEF) arrived in Naqoura, while the first party of the French contingent arrived in Beirut for deployment in the Tyre area, the forward headquarters of the force being established at Zahrani to the north of Tyre. In their efforts to move into Tyre and to take control of the Qasmiyah bridge over the Litani river, which the Palestinians still held, the French met with fierce resistance and by the end of the month had still not reached an agreement with the guerrillas for a peaceful takeover of the bridge. There was also delay in the deployment of the Iranian and Swedish forces because of opposition from some Christian militia (who doubted the effectiveness of the UN role in the border region and who feared that the guerrillas might be allowed to return and would take revenge on the Christian villagers), but this was overcome after negotiations. The operation was also held up because of the difficulty in negotiating mined roads in areas around the Akiya and Khardali bridges. The explosion of one of these mines near the Khardali bridge on March 29 caused the first UNIFIL casualties, killing one Swedish soldier and wounding another. Moreover the Swedish contingent which on March 26 attempted to take up positions around the Khardali bridge was caught in cross fire and was forced to withdraw temporarily. The following day their advance to the bridge was again repelled by guerrillas, apparently backed by leftist forces. These clashes caused Israel to delay its withdrawal and Mr. Weizman on March 27 warned that Israel would take action against the Palestinians within 48 hours if they did not stop their firing and shelling. One the same day. Dr. Waldheim appealed to all parties to observe a general ceasefire and on March 28, Maj.-Gen. Erskine held a meeting with Mr. Arafat during which the latter guaranteed that the PLO would cooperate with the United Nations in

its deployment of UNIFIL forces; however, while Mr. Arafat's "Al Fath" appeared willing to consider terms for a ceasefire, other factions within the PLO, in particular the PFLP, continued to direct mortar and artillery fire at Israeli positions and warned that they would continue fighting until the Israelis had withdrawn completely. The UNIFIL force, which by March 29 numbered 1,100 men from Iran, France, Sweden and Norway, continued to meet with resistance in their attempts to set up positions in the south, and on April 1, Swedish and Norwegian troops, in the Arqoub came under heavy fire from Palestinian forces, after which Maj.-Gen. Erskine declared that the peace-keeping soldiers had been ordered to fire "if necessary" on Palestinians who tried to return to the area which they had cleared. Norwegian troops came under fire again the following week - on April 5 at the Khardali bridge (where they had replaced Swedish troops) and on April 7 at Kawkaba in the Arqoub, when they responded with machine-gun fire. Israel, on April 7, announced plans for a partial withdrawal from southern Lebanon, which it subsequently carried out on April 11 and April 14, allowing UNIFIL troops to take over evacuated Israeli positions around Marjayoun, in the Arqoub, at the Arkiya bridge and in a number of villages between Taibe and Ghandourieh. By that time some 2,500 UN troops had been deployed in the south of the country and Mr. Begin made it clear that the degree of Israel's further withdrawal would depend on the number of UNIFIL men stationed there and their ability to keep out Palestinian guerrillas. DECISION TO INCREASE SIZE OF UNIFIL Dr. Waldheim on April 18 accepted Israel's insistence that its withdrawal should not be immediate and also said that he would ask the Security Council to increase to 6,000 the number of troops ultimately to be stationed in southern Lebanon. The UN Security Council on May 3, 1978, approved Dr. Waldheim's proposal to increase the size of UNIFIL by 2,000 men (i.e. to 6.000), the majority of whom were to come from the Irish Republic, Iran and Fiji. The decision to increase the size of UNIFIL was taken following the death on May 1 of three Senegalese soldiers, whose jeep had run over a landmine near Tyre, and the killing of three more UNIFIL soldiers the following day by a hitherto unknown guerrilla group called the "Popular Front for the Liberation of South Lebanon", which was understood to have close links with the "rejectionist" wing of the PLO. In the May 2 incident, which was described as the most serious clash to date involving UNIFIL soldiers, members of the guerrilla group opened fire on the base of French parachute troops near Tyre and ambushed a nearby convoy of UN soldiers. One Senegalese, two French soldiers and a Palestinian Liaison officer were killed and nine UNIFIL soldiers were badly injured, the latter including Col. Jean 398

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Germain Salvan, commander of the French forces, who was transported to a Hospital by Palestinians and who was subsequently replaced by Lt.-Col. Dominique Viard. The guerrilla attack appeared to be in retaliation for an incident on April 30, also near Tyre, in which French soldiers had killed at least one Arab gumman and wounded two others. In view of the hostilities against the UN troops near Tyre a redeployment of the French and Senegalese units was subsequently carried out in the area on May 9-10 and the UNIFIL headquarters were transferred from Zahrani to Naqoura (on the coast some two miles north of the Israeli border). In the course of talks between Mr. Arafat and Maj.Gen. Erskine on May 5, the PLO chairman was understood to have pledged that those responsible for the attack on May 2 would be arrested and punished (a number of suspects having been detained by the Palestinian security forces on May 4) and to have reiterated his assurances that the Palestinians would co-operate with the United Nations. A meeting was held between Lebanese and Palestinian leaders on May 24 following which the PLO issued a fivepoint statement in which it undertook inter alia not to oppose, not to let "undisciplined" elements oppose, the UN mission in the south of Lebanon and the re-establishment of L0banese sovereignty in that area. Moreover, Palestinian sources revealed on May 29 that Mr. Arafat had formed a 500-man strike force to be deployed in the southern border region under the command of Maj. Azmi Zghayyar with instructions to "interviene immediately to help UNIFIL quell any guerrilla attempt to infiltrate into Israeli-vacated area". However, despite efforts by Mr. Arafat to gain the cooperation of all Palestinian forces, the more radical guerrilla groups warned that they would continue to penetrate UNIFIL lines and would step up thencampaign against Israel from the south of Lebanon in defiance of the five-point accord.

major role in enforcing security in the country and would thereby reassert the authority of the Lebanese Government and prepare for the eventual withdrawal of the Arab Deterrent Force. At the same meeting the two Presidents also discussed the possibility of sending Syrian troops of the Deterrent Force to the south of Lebanon (i.e. south of the "red line") to assist the Lebanese Army in its duties. The deployment of units of the Lebanese Army in the South was, however, rejected by the Lebanese National Front (the coalition of left-wing Moslem forces under the leadership of Mr. Walid Jumblatt), which protested that the Army was currently an "instrument in the hands of the Christians". During the night of June 8-9, 1978, an Israeli commando force of about 150 men raided and destroyed a "Fath" base at Aapbiyeh on the Lebanese coast some six miles south of Sidon. Reports on the casualties inflicted during the attack were conflicting, but it was thought that at least five Palestinians and two Israelis were killed. Lebanese sources also reported civilian casualties but these were denied by Israel. Dr. Waldheim on June 9 expressed his deep regret at the Israeli action, which had come "at a time when all interest is centered on the efforts concerning the implementation of Resolution 425 in southern Lebanon", Mr. Yigael Yadin (Israeli Deputy Prime Minister) on June 9 rejected conjecture that the raid had been a reprisal for an explosion on a bus in Jerusalem on June 2, which had killed six people and defended the action as a demonstration "that no border is able to protect terrorists". By June 13, when there were about 5,500 UNIFIL soldiers stationed in southern Lebanon, the Israelis had withdrawn all their remaining troops from Lebanese territory. However, whereas UNIFIL forces had moved into positions vacated in the earlier Israeli withdrawal, most of the final Israeli positions close to the border were handed over to Lebanese Christian forces, a ceremonial transfer of fortified positions being carried out on June 12 in Meiss el Jebel in the central border area. The UN Security Council on Sept. 18,1978, voted by 12 to none (with the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia again abstaining and China not participating in the vote) to extend the mandate of the UNIFIL force for a further four months. The resolution extending the mandate expressed concern that the UN force had encountered obstacles in attempting to deploy itself in its area of operation and that the filli control of the Lebanese Government had not yet been restored over all the Lebanese territory; at the same time the resolution noted that progress had been achieved by UNIFIL towards the establishment of peace and security in southern Lebanon. In an identical vote on Jan. 19.1979, the UNIFIL mandate was extended for a further five months. Earlier, on Dec., 8, 1978, the Security Council had approved a report by Dr. Waldheim which stated that there had been little recent progress in securing full deployment

EXTENSIONS OF UNIFIL MANDATE Following a cabinet meeting on May 21 Israel announced its intention to withdraw all its soldiers from southern Lebanon by June 13 on condition (i) that the Palestinian guerrillas would not be allowed to return; (ii) that there would be no further attacks against Israel and its citizens; and (iii) that the inhabitants of southern Lebanon were guaranteed security. The Israeli conditions created difficulties in that it had been reported on May 16-17 that more guerrillas had infiltrated UNIFIL lines near Mount Hermon and Tyre; moreover, a number of left-wing Moslems who had fled both before and during the Israeli occupation had since been authorized to return to their villages in the south, where they were expected to continue their support for the Palestinian resistance. In connection with the deployment of Lebanese forces President Sarkis and President Assad of Syria, in the course of a meeting in Lattakiah on May 31 - June 1, agreed that the reconstructed Lebanese Army would play a

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MAJOR HADDAD'S "Free Lebanese State" (April 18-1979) Against a background of renewed tension in the southern border area Maj. Saad Haddad, the commander of the small Christian militia force in the south of the country, on April 18, 1979, proclaimed an "independent free Lebanese State" in the Christian enclave. This move had been prompted by the deployment alongside the UNIFIL troops stationed just north of the Christian zone on April 17-18 of a contingent of some 500 Lebanese Army troops. The Lebanese Government accused Maj. Haddad of treason and declared him discharged from the Army, while the United States, France, Britain and the Arab countries also rejected the validity of the step. Israeli forces on April 22-25, 1979, made a series of attacks from the sea and air and also from Israeli territory on Palestinian positions both north and south of the Litani river in retaliation for a Palestinian raid on the northern Israeli town of Nahariya on April 22. The Palestinians replied to the Israeli offensive with bombardments across the border.

particular by (i) numerous Israeli air, land and sea attacks on positions held by the Palestine Liberation Organization. (PLO) as part of Israel's policy of pre-emptive strikes against guerrillas (which, it claimed, had reduced Palestinian raids against Israeli targets by 52 per cent in 1980 compared with 1979); (ii) frequent exchanges between, on the one hand, Israel and its rightist Christian allies in the area immediately to the North of the Israel Lebanon border (commanded by Maj. Saad Haddad) and, on the other, Palestinian and leftist forces; and (iii) increasing harassment of soldiers serving with the 6,000 man United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) by all groups involved in the area. Israel's mounting involvement in Southern Lebanon provoked several aerial battles with Syrians serving with the Arab deterrent force in Lebanon, and in December 1980 led to the first ground battle between Israelis and Syrians in Lebanon. It must be retold here that, an enclave had been established along the full length of Lebanon's southern border, covering an area of 500 square miles and containing a population of around 100,000 Christians and Shia Moslems. Effective control of this enclave was exercised by Maj. Haddad, who had in April 1979 proclaimed it an independent free Lebanese state, Israel however rejected allegations, made in particular by the UN force and the Lebanese Government, that it had established positions within the enclave and that it had considerable influence over the activitities of Maj. Haddad. Most of the area north of this enclave up to the Litani river was under the control of UNIFIL. The area of Southern Lebanon beyond the Litani river was largely inhabited by Palestinian and other leftist groups. Throughout this period the Lebanese Government (headed until July 1980 by Dr. Selim Hoss) had no control over the Christian - held border area in the very south of the country and very little authority over other areas. Moreover, the Lebanese President, Mr. Elias Sarkis, was unsuccessful in his efforts to draw up a national pact with all-round acceptance, involving inter alia the formation of a government of national reconciliation and the redeployment of the reconstituted Lebanese Army throughout the country; although a new Government was formed in Oct. 1980 by Mr. Chafiq al-Wazzan, observers saw no prospect of it being any more effective than the outgoing administration.

INTERNAL SECURITY AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS JANUARY 1980 - MARCH 1981 Notwithstanding the imposition of a ceasefire in Southern Lebanon in the latter part of 1979 and numerous diplomatic efforts to find a lasting peaceful settlement there, the situation in the South of the country remained critical throughout 1980 and 1981. The period to March 1981 was characterized in

NATIONAL RECONCILIATION EFFORTS On March 5, 1980, following a cabinet meeting and further talks with various political groups, President Sarkis broadcast a message to the nation in which appealed to all parties to accept his principles for a "National Pact", which stressed the necessity for the Government to reestablish its authority throughout the country. The main points of the pact were as follows: "We categorically reject the establishment of mini-

of the UN force in areas of southern Lebanon where Israel had handed over control to "de facto armed groups" (i.e. Christian militia) when it withdrew in June. A consensus statement read out by the Council President, Herr Rudiger von Wechmar (West Germany), called upon "all those not fully co-operating with UNIFIL, particularly Israel, to desist forthwith from interfering with UNIFIL's operations in southern Lebanon" and demanded that they "comply fully without any delay" with Resolutions 425 and 426 of March 19, 1978. SOUTHERN LEBANON The situation in southern Lebanon remained relatively calm throughout the latter part of 1978 following the withdrawal in June of that year of the Israeli forces which had invaded Lebanon in March and the deployment of some 6,000 soldiers of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in southern Lebanon north of the Christian enclave bordering Israel. Furthermore, Palestinian guerrillas, whose attack on Israel in March 1978 had prompted the Israeli incursion, showed a large degree of co-operation with the UNIFIL troops, and both the Palestinians and the Lebanese Moslem forces generally observed the ceasefire in the south of the country.

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states in Lebanon at Lebanon's expense; we also reject the present anarchy and lawlessness. All the entities which have grown at the homeland's expense must be eliminated and replaced by the State and its legal forces alone. There must be no other armed groups, be they Lebanese or non Lebanese. This requires the strengthening of the State's authority - the imposition of its authority over all Lebanese territory and those living in it. "Lebanon is an Arab country and an active member of the Arab family... We consider the question of Palestine as our own issue. We have always supported, and we continue to support, the Palestinian people in their national aims and in the establishment of their own State in their land". However, with regard to Lebanon's relationship with the PLO "it goes without saying that this should not conflict with Lebanon's sovereignty and safety, or with the UN Security Council's resolutions on the South". "Lebanon is intent upon respecting the resolutions of the UN and it is particularly concerned to implement fully and correctly the UN Security's Council resolutions on southern Lebanon by all possible means, in order to end the Israeli occupation of the border strip, so that the State may regain its sovereignty over all the territory in the South up to the internationally recognized borders. "The relations between Lebanon and fraternal Syria are of a special nature, based on mutual respect for sovereignty and independence". Following the publication of the principles of reconciliation on March 5,1980, the Lebanese Cabinet on March 15,1980 approved a defence policy, which, "during the current circumstances", had the following aims: "(1) Resisting the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon and removing any traces of it.. (and) restoring all territories and safeguarding all parts of Lebanon against Israel's expansionist and aggressive designs... "(2) Resisting anything which is liable to harm the country's internal security. The defence policy also aims at consolidating security and law and order all over Lebanon and at safeguarding the citizens' liberties and rights and ensuring the normal functioning of the country's institutions. "(3) Bolstering Lebanon's potential in all spheres... and helping the Palestine people attain their rights by self determination and by continuing to reject resettlement". With a view to implementing the above, the Cabinet decided: (i) to work for the full and correct implementation of the UN Security Council resolutions related to southern Lebanon, and to allow the Army to participate in this implementation in accordance with a time table drawn up for this purpose by co-ordination with the United Nations and by intensifying the diplomatic contacts aimed at achieving this end. (ii) To co-ordinate with the fraternal Arab countries... regarding all matters connected with the conflict with Israel. Also, to promote co-operation with Syria in view of the special relations between the two countries and the importance of each other's security and

its influence on the other. The prerequisites for each country's security and sovereignty and political system should also be taken into consideration, (iii) To implement correctly the agreements already concluded with the PLO and to take into consideration the international resolutions related to southern Lebanon by honouring Lebanon's sovereignty over its territories and safety, (iv) To procure the means needed to implement this policy and to entrust the Higher Defence Council and the specialized organisms and institutions, each within its specializations, to specify the details of the aforementioned implementations". APPOINTMENT OF NEW CABINET UNDER Mr. Chafic al-WAZZAN As part of his national reconcilation efforts in early 1980 President Sarkis had announced in March of that year a plan to form a new government which was to comprise principally activists drawn from political and militia groups in the country in the hope that giving political responsibilities to these rival groups would promote unity. Against this background Dr. Selim Hoss, a Sunni Moslem who had been Prime Minister since the end of the war in late 1976 when he had formed a Cabinet of technocrats, resigned on June 7, 1980, to make way for the formation of such a new government; he left the effective date of his resignation to President Sarkis, however, and he and his Cabinet continued in office on a caretaker basis. On July 16, 1980, President Sarkis finally accepted Dr. Hoss's resignation and four days later appointed as his successor a veteran politician, Mr. Takieddine Solh (72), who had served as Prime Minister before the war from July 1973 to September 1974. On Aug. 9, however, Mr. Solh was forced to resign, having failed to obtain general acceptance of a 24-man Cabinet of militia commanders and activists. On Oct. 22, 1980 President Sarkis appointed as Prime Minister Mr. Chafiq al-Wazzan, who on Oct. 25 formed a new 22 member Cabinet which, comprised largely technocrats and parliamentarians. The full membership of the new Cabinet - which included 17 new members and was composed in terms of religious affiliations of four Maronites, four Sunni Moslems (including the Prime Minister), four Shia Moslems, three Greek Orthodox, three Catholics, three Druses and one member of the Armenian Church - was as follows: Chafik al-WAZZAN Prime Minister and Interior Fu ad BOUTROS Deputy Prime Minister, Foreign Affairs and Expatriate Affairs Joseph SKAFF Defence Nazih al-BIZRI Health Khatchik BABIKIAN Justice Rene MOUAWAD National Education and Fine Arts Michel EDDE Information Khaled JUMBLATT Economy and Trade Michel MURR Posts and Telecommunications Ali KHALIL Finance Elias HRAOU1 Public Works and Transport ·

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ISRAELI INCURSION INTO SOUTHERN LEBANON - ISRAELI RAIDS ON PALESTINIAN POSITIONS, APRIL - JUNE 1980 During the night of April 6-7, 1980, five Palestinian guerrillas forced their way into the Misgav Am Kibbutz in Northern Israel close to the Lebanese border, where they took over a dormitory and held one adult and six children hostage for nine hours before being killed in an assault by Israeli troops. Three Israelis - a soldier, a child and the Kibbutz secretary - also lost their lives during the siege. Against a background of calls by right-wing Israeli politicians for firmer action to be taken against guerrillas following the Misgav Am attack, over 250 Israeli soldiers, supported by an estimated 30 tanks, armoured personnel carriers and half-tracks, entered the Southern Lebanese border area on April 9, taking up positions opposite the Irish UN contingent stationed just north of the Christianheld enclave in an area running roughly from Bint Jbeil to Addaysse. They were reinforced the following day by about 100 more soldiers, while Israeli planes flew over the South of the Country drawing fire from Palestinian-leftist forces. Although the Israeli authorities revealed little about this latest operation, senior UN officials said that the Israelis were using heavy earth-moving equipment to establish position - two inside the Christian enclave and one, near Kunin, in the UN sector manned by the Irish battalion - and expected them to remain there for some time. The Israeli Government described its operation in Southern Lebanon as temporary and purely defensive, aimed at preventing the possible recurrence of guerrilla attack such as that at Misgav Am. The UN, which had put its force on the alert in the area but which did not attempt to stop the Israeli penetration, protested to the Israeli Government about the incursion, while Lebanon's permanent representative at the United Nations, Mr. Ghassan Tueni, on April 10, 1980, called for a meeting of the Security Council to "put an end to Israeli aggression and enable UNIFIL to acquire full control of the totality of its area of operations". On April 11, 1980, Israel said that it had begun withdrawing those of its forces in Southern Lebanon who had "completed their mission there", and on April 14, 1980, in the face of mounting international pressure, said that all its troops had been withdrawn after accomplishing "certain engineering tasks". The complete evacuation of Israeli soldiers and armour could not, however, be confirmed by UNIFIL and there was considerable speculation that residual units had remained to man the three advance positions set up. Moreover, on June 27, 1980, Lebanese Foreign Ministry officials said that the Government had complained to the Security Council that Israel had seized Lebanese territory and had established military outposts in the southern border area with a view to establishing

Mohamed Yusuf Industry and Oil BAYDUN Selim al-JAHEL Housing and Co-operatives Abdel-Rahman Labour and Social Affairs al-LABBAN Mustapha DARNAYKA Agriculture Marwan HAMADEH Tourism Joseph ABOU KHATER Mounir ABOU FADEL KaisarNASER Ministers of State Sarai YUNIS Mahmoud AMMAR Within a day of the formation of the new Cabinet Mr. Abou Fadel (Greek Orthodox), one of the five ministers without protfolio, resigned, later, on Dec. 4, the four Shia members of the Cabinet also tendered their resignations; three of the latter, namely Mr. Ammar, Dr. Khalil and Mr. Baydun had apparently resigned, while the fourth - Mr. al Sabbah - had handed his letter of resignation to President Sarkis in apparent protest at his colleagues' behaviour. At a meeting between President Sarkis and Mr. alWazzan on Dec. 14, it was decided to accept Mr. Abou Fadel's resignation but to reject that of Mr. al Sabbah and to also ask the other three Shia ministers to continue in office. The latter appeared to indicate their willingness to comply with this request by attending a meeting of the Cabinet and the Assembly on Dec. 16, 1980. On Dec. 20, 1980, the Government of Mr. al-Wazzan, after promising to re-establish authority in the country, won a vote of confidence from the Assembly, although it received fewer than half of the votes of the 99 seat chamber. Of the 48 deputies present 41 voted in favour of the Government, with six against and one abstention; 45 members of the Assembly were absent, while the other six seats were vacant through death. INTERNAL SECURITY AND ISRAEL-LEBANON DEVELOPMENTS There was a marked deterioration in the internal security situation through-out Lebanon, and increased Israeli aerial activity and artillery duels in the South, where a number of casualties were caused. In the South, Israel made frequent reconnaissance flights from late January 1980 onwards. Also during this period, Israel and the rightist militias in the South under the command of Maj. Haddad, stepped up their action against Palestinian guerrillas (the latter frequently returning their fire and launching their own surprise assaults on targets in the Christian enclave and Northern Israel). Among the most violent incidents in the South at this time was the outbreak of fierce fighting between Christian militia and Palestinian-Leftist forces on Feb. 11, 1980. DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTHERN LEBANON, APRIL 1980 TO MARCH 1981 SUBSEQUENT

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"permanent and strategic control" of the border region. On the same day Mr. Tueni was understood to have submitted to Dr. Waldeheim a document giving details of the Lebanese complaint and the territory alleged to have been taken by Israel. United Nations sources in Beirut at this time were said to have confirmed that the Israelis had deployed units in two positions in the South where heavy guns and armoured vehicles were brought in through the border, although they admitted that neither UNIFIL nor UN truce observers were permitted to enter the areas concerned. During the period from April to June Israel made a number of raids on Palestinian positions in Southern Lebanon which were said to be part of Israel's continuing policy of striking guerrillas "at any time and any place". Such attacks, often involved the landing of Israeli commandos well inside Lebanese territory. The Security Council on June 17, 1980, voted by 12 votes to none with two abstentions (Soviet Union and East Germany) in favour of extending the UNIFIL mandate by six months until Dec. 19 - Resolution 474 (1980). Both countries who abstained had requested the Security Council to condemn Israeli actions in southern Lebanon. China did not participate in the voting. (For further sixmonth renewal of mandate in December 1980, see below). In renewing the UNIFIL mandate the Council reiterated its full commitment to the role assigned to the force and condemned "all actions contrary to the provisions of the mandate" and "in particular continued acts of violence" which prevented its fulfilment. Following a relative lull in cross-border activity, Israel in mid-August 1980 stepped up its attacks on Palestinian positions in Southern Lebanon. Immediately after the Israeli raid, Palestinians on Aug. 20, 1980 launched rocket attacks on Northern Israel; shortly after Israeli planes went into action over Southern Lebanon striking at positions in the Nabatiyah plateau. Israeli action in Southern Lebanon continued in September and October 1980, giving rise to repeated international criticism. Among the countries to criticize Israel publicly was the United States, the then State Department spokesman, Mr. John Trattner, warning on October 23, 1980 that the United States would have to take action against Israel if that country was found to be using US-made weapons for offensive purposes. Against a background of continuing violence in the Southern Lebanese border area (which included on Nov. 13, 1980 a further, unsuccessful attempt by Palestinians to break into the Misgav Am Kibbutz), the UN Security Council on Dec. 17, 1980, voted by 12 votes to none in favour of maintaining UNIFIL in southern Lebanon for a further six months and also voiced its support for the Lebanese Government's efforts to "strengthen its authority, both at the civilian and military level" in the UN-held Zone. In line with their past practice the Soviet Union and East Germany abstained from voting while China did not participate.

Also in the first three months of 1981, Israel continued to make raids on Palestinian positions in Southern Lebanon. By mid-May 1981, the atmosphere was electric. Even as U.S. diplomacy tried to keep them appart, Israel and Syria exchanged threats and seemed to draw closer to allout conflict. Israeli armoured forces headed North for what, many feared might be a combined land and air attack inside Lebanon. As if preparing for the worst, Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin warned: "We have from time to time to take decisions to send our sons to war". Syrian forces were similarly mobilized. In Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, where most of Syria's 22,000 peace-keeping troops are stationed, Syrian armoured units turned their guns southward to face the possible Israeli blitz. In Syria, airborne and infantry reservists were called up, and hospital wards were cleared to make room for potential military casualties. At the crux of the crisis was Syria's deployment on April 29, 1981 of three batteries of Soviet-made SAM-6 antiaircraft missiles in the Bekaa Valley of eastern Lebanon. Israel continued to demand that the missiles be removed from Lebanon and threatened military action. The danger that the Middle East was storming toward a major conflict added a special urgency to the elaborate U.S. peace mission: a hectic diplomatic shuttle between Beirut, Damascus and Jerusalem by Special Envoy Philip Habib. After meeting with Begin, Habib went to Beirut for talks with Lebanon's President, Elias Sarkis. Then he climbed back into his black limousine for a mid-night drive to Damascus, where he met for the second time with Syria's President, Hafez Assad, to impress upon him the need for restraint while trying to coax concessions that might break the negotiating impasse. Later he hopped aboard an executive Air Force jet for another shuttle to Israel. He then flew to Saudi Arabia for consultations. In Israel, the crisis and the Begin government's handling of it, touched a series of rancours and unruly debates in the Knesset, the Israeli Parliament. ISRAEL AND THE P.L.O. AGREE TO CEASE FIRE On Friday, at the end of a week of thrust and counterthrust across the embattled border, Israeli forces staged in mid-July 1981 a naval raid on Jiyah, 13 miles south of Beirut, and Palestinians responded by sending yet another volley of rocket fire into the settlements of northern Israel. By that time, the 14 days of continuous fighting had become the heaviest between the Israelis and the Palestinians since the Israeli invasion of southern Lebanon in March 1978. On July 24, 1981, President Reagan's Special Envoy Philip Habib suddenly announced in Jerusalem that a cease fire had been established. Emerging from a talk with Israeli Prime Minister Menahem Begin, Habib read a message from a scrap of paper: "I have reported to President

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people packed the corridors. Many lay in their own blood on stretchers, waiting for someone to tend to them. Ambulances and private vehicles arrived bumper to bumper with as many as six wounded people in each load. Doctors were hard-pressed to deal with the mutilations and wounds. Many of the worst injuries were burns caused by white-phosphorous shells. Wounds caused by the blazing liquid were almost impossible to clean; doctors could only cut away the burning flesh. By August 10, President Reagan's special Envoy Philip Habib had succeeded in arranging seven cease-fires. The war's eighth cease-fire broke down two days later. At 03:00a.m. on Sunday, Israeli troops moved north from their position around Beirut International Airport. As usual, artillery softened the way, pounding the Palestinian camps of Sabra, Burj al Barajneh and Shatila and the suburbs of Fakhani. The main objectives were the coastal suburbs near the airport: Uzai, a flat poor area on the extreme outskirts of Beirut, and Jnah and Ramlet el Baida, once fashionable seaside neighbourhoods where the guerillas had concentrated much of their force. Jnah and Ramlet al Baida burned under a withering bombardment by Israeli jets and gunboats and from howitzers positioned south of the airport and on the hills outside the city. By some estimates, the Israeli fired 50,000 shells and launched more than 180 raids against their targets. Habib arranged another cease-fire after 14 hours of fighting, but it lasted less than 48 hours before Israel's heaviest attacks of the war. They struck on three fronts: East down the avenue Abdallah Yafi from the Museum Crosing at the Green line; South from forward positions on rue Allenby at the port in North Beirut, and north from the Chehab barracks. The tank thrusts seemed to have a specific target: the area South of the Corniche Mazraa, where most of the PLO is based. Most of the air attack, however, was concentrated on largely civilian enclaves in the commercial centre of Hamra street. No place in West Beirut was safe. The blasts blew off the front of the Triumph Hospital, burned out half of the Bristol Hotel and damaged the Commodore Hotel. Two shells rocked the "An-Nahar" Newspaper building.

Reagan that as of 13:30 hours local time, July 24, 1981, all hostile military action between Lebanese and Israeli territory, in either direction, will cease". Begin then followed with a comment of his own: "The government of Israel endorses the statement just made by Mr. Habib, the emissary of the President of the United States". INVASION OF SOUTH LEBANON When in June 1982 the Israeli tanks rumbled across the border into South Lebanon they said that the incursion was aimed only at clearing Palestine Liberation Organisation guerillas out of a 40 - Kilometre - deep zone along Israel's borders; as it turned out, the army pushed deep into Lebanon and laid siege to Beirut. Next Israel pledged not to occupy West Beirut if US Special Envoy Philip Habib could arrange an evacuation of the PLO fighters holed up there; after the assassination of Lebanese President-elect Bashir Gemayel, the Israelis went into West Beirut on the pretext of preventing disorder. Finally, Americans charged that Ambassador to Washington Moshe Arens assured them on Begin's behalf that the Israelis would seize only "a few" strategic points in West Beirut. Instead, they took over the whole section of the city. Heralded by a massive and concentrated bombardment from the sea, land and air, the Israeli invasion of Lebanon was nothing short of a disaster. At times the once grand city of Beirut disappeared in the smoke of its own devastation. As wave after wave of Israeli bombs and artillery shells shook the Lebanese capital during the seven weeks of its ordeal, 15-storey buildings crumpled like cereal boxes. The streets became skating rings of broken glass and the splash of the phosphorous bombs spread a scalding blaze of orange. The pathetic drama played over and over with dreadful monotony: first a crashing explosion, then a cascade of glass and mortar; a few seconds of absolute silence. Then the screams of the wounded, the dying - and a city in agony. During lulls in the shelling, people emerged from their dark sanctuaries to search for food and water. The Israelis were determined to make that task more and more difficult - and inspected even diplomats' cars entering West Beirut. "They stop people from carrying just a few loaves of bread", according to an official of the Lebanese Red Cross. "The Red Cross can't even bring in one bottle of water". The only reliable water source was the increasingly brackish residue in the pipes of the supply system. During breaks in the shelling, women and children queued up with plastic buckets and jenycans to get all the water they could carry. Water from private wells was eight times too salty to drink, according to World Health Organisation standards, and water from wells fitted with salt filters was so precious that people held their places in line during the heaviest bombardment. Medicine was plentiful, but doctors, hospital beds and ambulances were not. At the American University Hospital, once one of the Arab World's finest, wounded

ASSASSINATION OF BASHIR GEMAYEL On September 14, 1982, elected President Bashir Gemayel (34) was killed by a 200-pound bomb blast, nine days before he was to have assumed the presidency. At first it was thought that Gemayel had survived. Someone who looked like him had emerged from the rubble, and Phalangist radio quoted its young leader as saying "I am all right". But nine hours later, Gemayel's body was found in the wreckage and identified by a heap of telegrams in one pocket congratulating the victim on his election as President of Lebanon. ELECTION OF AMIN GEMAYEL "This is not the time for tears. It is the time for work". 404

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So declared Amin Gemayel on September 26 as he addressed the members of the Lebanese Parliament who had just elected him by a vote of 77 to 0 to a six-year term as President of Lebanon. Speaking beneath a black-draped portrait of his brother Bashir, the new elected President said "I pledge to shoulder the monumental responsibility of reuniting and reconstructing Lebanon in the fashion my martyred brother had hoped to accomplish". The selection of Amin - a Maronite Christian, as was his assassinated brother - was the result of a rare display of unity between the country's Christians and Muslims. A lawyer who worked diligently as a member of Parliament the past ten years to maintain ties with the country's various Christian and Muslim factions, Amin Gemayel has little of the charisma that made his tough-minded brother a popular hero among Lebanon's Christians. Still, Amin no less dedicated than Bashir, was to the main goals of the Phalangist Party: preserving the country's existing political balance.

In an effort to speed up an agreement on the issue, the government announced on Oct. 12 that the talks would open on Oct. 20; the following day, a preparatory committee composed of representatives of those attending the conference met under the chairmanship of Mr. Khalil Mekkawi, the acting director of the Foreign Ministry, and formulated an agenda for the talks as follows: 1 - Discussion of Lebanon's national identity 2 - Political and administrative reforms, and 3 - The evacuation of all foreign forces from Lebanon. It was announced on Oct. 21 that the talks would open in Geneva on Oct. 31. The principal Lebanese figures at the conference were: President Gemayel (who was accompanied by senior government officials) Mr. Pierre Gemayel (the President's father and head of the Phalangist party); Mr. Camille Chamoun (a former president and a member of the Lebanese Front); Mr. Saeb Salam (a Sunni Moslem and former Prime Minister); Mr. Adel Osseirane (a Shia Leader); Mr. Nabih Berri; and six members of the National Salvation Front, namely Mr. Jumblatt; former President Frangie (a Maronite Christian); Mr. Karami (Sunni Muslim); Mr. Karim Mroue (a senior official of the PCL); Mr. Samir Sabbagh (leader of the Rassemblement Patriotique) and Mr. Abdullah el Amin (leader of the proSyrian Baath party). Early in the talks, the delegates reached agreement on item (i) of the agenda, affirming that Lebanon was "an Arab country" unified in its territory, people, institutions and internationally recognized boundaries. It was also agreed to "freeze" the Israeli-Lebanese Agreement of May 1983. Following the adjournment of the national reconciliation talks in Switzerland in November 1983, the Cabinet of Mr. Chafiq al-Wazzan resigned on February 5, and all four contingents of the multinational peacekeeping force were withdrawn from Lebanon by the end of March. As part of the continuing diplomatic effort to end the conflict a meeting was held in Riyadh (the Saudi capital) on January 10 between Dr. Elie Salem, the Lebanese Foreign Minister; Mr. Khaddam, the Syrian Foreign Minister and Prince Saud al-Faisal, the Saudi Foreign Minister during which Mr. Khaddam reportedly insisted that the Lebanese government must renounce its May 1983 troop withdrawal accord with Israel which has never been formally ratified by the Lebanese Government. During January both Mr. Jumblatt and Mr. Nabih Berri, hardened their positions to the point of demanding the resignation of President Gemayel. In response to an appeal by King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, Mr. Wazzan stated on January 26 that all Druze soldiers who had left their units would be reinstated and that those who rejoined the Army would be eligible for promotion. The announcement was rejected by a Druze spokesmen as a political manoeuvre. For the first time in several weeks the airport also came

PLO EVACUATION With leftist allies providing a thunderous farewell chorus of machine-gun salutes, the first contingent of PLO guerillas sailed out under French naval escort from Beirut on August 21, begining a two-week evacuation. The guerillas arrived in the port in a truck convoy flashing "V" for victory sign and brandishing portraits of PLO chairman Yasser Arafat hoisted on the muzzles of their machine guns. US Presidential Envoy Philip Habib, author of the PLO evacuation agreement personally superintended the neutralisation of the Beirut port to set the PLO exodus in motion. As the trucks moved into the rubble-strewn streets, the packed crowds chanted: "We will never surrender" and "The guns will be held high". Banners proclaimed that "all roads lead to Jerusalem". PLO chairman Yasser Arafat went to Tunisia where he set up the new PLO headquarters in Tunis, the capital. In Beirut itself, traffic was moving freely for the first time in six years, no longer hindered by check points between East and West. OPENING OF NATIONAL RECONCILIATION TALKS Attempts, to reach a permanent negociated solution to the factional strife of Lebanon following the ceasefire in late September 1983, were centered on a series of "national reconciliation" talks held in Geneva, Switzerland. The talks were chaired by President Amin Gemayel and included leaders of all the principal factions, as well as United States and Syrian observers. Mr. AbdelHalim Khaddam, the Syrian Foreign Minister, attended the Geneva talks as an observer, After President Gemayel's initiative for the holding of national reconciliation talks, there ensued a period of disagreement as to their venue.

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 under fire and on January 16 USA New Jersey shelled Druze positions after the Marine base near the airport was hit. Mr. Malcolm Kerr, president of the American University of Beirut was shot dead on January 18. Responsibility was claimed by Al Jihad al Islami who also claimed responsibility for the kidnapping of the Saudi consul in Beirut. Citing the deteriorating security situation and the need for a broader-based government, Mr. Wazzan on February 5 announced the resignation of the Cabinet. In response to the resignation, President Gemayel announced a six point programme of action as follows: (i) resumption of national reconciliation talks, (ii) formation of a government of national unity, (iii) readiness to move the Lebanese Army into new areas, (iv) immediate talks on a complete ceasefire, (v) negotiations with Syria on future relations and (vi) negotiations on the withdrawal of Syrian and Israeli forces. On February 16, President Gemayel announced that he accepted a peace plan proposed by Saudi mediators that called for the abrogation of the troop withdrawal accord with Israel. The plan was denounced by the Syrian government, it was also described as unacceptable by the Israeli government, Mr. Jumblatt attached it as offering "too little, too late" while the Phalangist militia and Mr. Chamoun both warned that they would actively oppose President Gemayel if the abrogation went ahead. The Cabinet announced on March 5 that it had decided to "cancel the unratified agreement and to consider it null and void". A largely unsuccessful session of the national reconciliation conference was held in Lausanne, Switzerland on March 12-18 and was attended by President Gemayel, Mr. Pierre Gemayel, Mr. Nabih Berri, Mr. Walid Jumblatt, Mr. Soleiman Franjie, Mr. Camille Chamoun, Mr. Saeb Salam, Mr. Adel Osseirane, Mr. Abdel Halim Khaddam and Mr. Rafik Hariri. President Gemayel presented a 27-point plan on March 18 which had the support of Mr. Khaddam. The proposals were rejected by Mr. Jumblatt and Mr. Berri, however, and on March 20 the conference was adjourned. It was agreed that a 32 member "commission of national reconciliation and constitutional reform" would be formed and would meet in the Beirut area. The Higher Security Committee held its first meeting on March 29. The meeting was chaired by President Gemayel and attended by representatives of the PSP, Amai and the Lebanese Forces (Phalangist). After the second round of national reconciliation talks in Lausanne, Switzerland, in March 1984, Mr. Rashid Karami was named as Prime Minister by President Amin Gemayel in Late April and formed a Cabinet of the leaders of all the principal factions on April 30, and announced the formation of a 10-man Cabinet composed as follows: Rashid Karami Prime Minister, Foreign Affairs

Selim Hoss Walid Joumblatt Pierre Gemayel

Labour, Education Public Works, Transport, Tourism Posts and Communications, Health and Social Affairs Camille Chamoun Finance, Housing & Cooperatives Nabih Berri Justice, Hydroelectricity, Minister of State for Reconstruction and for southern Lebanon Adel Osseirane Defence, Agriculture Joseph Skaff Information Abdullah al-Racy Interior Victor Kassir Economy, Trade and Industry. Mr. al-Racy refused to attend and his portfolio was temporarily given to Mr. Joseph Skaff. In his opening speech Mr. Karami outlined the programme of what he referred to as the "last-chance Cabinet". The Israeli government, having failed to reach agreement with the Lebanese government on a coordinated withdrawal of Israeli forces from the country, decided on 2nd January 1985 on a unilateral three-stage withdrawal, the first two parts of which were completed by mid-April. Elsewhere in Lebanon, central government authority was increasingly weakened during the first five months of 1985 by further factional fighting which led to the resignation, late in April, of the Prime Minister, Mr. Rashid Karami, although after talks with Syrian leaders he subsequently agreed to remain in office in a caretaker capacity. The continuing violence in Beirut which resulted in a flight of capital and skilled labour from the country contributed to a steadily worsening economic situation. While inflation over the year amounted to 35 percent, unemployment continued to rise at a high level. The value of the Lebanese pound against the US dollar was cut by nearly half during the first five months of 1985. The economy was also weakened by widespread tax evasion and by loss of customs revenues through the continued operation of illegal ports run by rival militias. Early in September 1985 serious efforts were undertaken by the principal Christian and Moslem leaders to solve the Lebanese crisis with the assistance and encouragement of the Syrian Government mainly with the personal assistance of President Hafez el Assad and the Vice President Mr. Abdel Halim Khaddam. QUEST FOR NEGOTIATED WITHDRAWAL OF FOREIGN FORCES FROM LEBANON During the latter part of 1982 US diplomatic efforts in the Middle East were concentrated on establishing the basis for négociations on a withdrawal of Israeli and other non-Lebanese forces from Lebanon, which was seen as a necessary prerequisite for any progress towards a solution of the broader Arab-Israeli conflict on the lines of

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President Reagan's peace initiative of Sept. 1. Serious differences separated the interested parties, however, relating principally to Israel's insistence that a simultaneous withdrawal of its own and Syrian troops from Lebanon must be preceded by a complete evacuation of PLO forces which remained in the country and also by the establishment of new arrangements affording security to Israel's northern border area. Israel's proposals for a settlement with Lebanon, as reformulated by the Cabinet in early October, were reported to envisage (i) the signature of a definitive peace agreement between the two countries; (ii) a timetable for the withdrawal of Israeli and all non-Lebanese Arab Forces under which the estimated 7,000 Palestinian guerrillas stationed in northern and eastern Lebanon would leave first, followed by a joint and simultaneous evacuation of Syrian and Israeli troops; and (iii) prior agreement (i.e. before an Israeli withdrawal) on new security arrangements which would guarantee "that Lebanon will not again revert to becoming a base and a launching ground for aggressive acts of hostile forces against Israel". In this last respect, Israel continued to insist on the creation of a demilitarized zone within an arc drawn some 40 to 50 kilometres from its northern border, with the security of this zone being assured by an international force (not linked to the United Nations) and by small mumbers of Israeli military observers who would be able to give advance warning of any encroachment on its demilitarized status. The first direct talks between official Israeli and Lebanese representatives since the signature of an armistice between the two countries in March 1949 at the end of the first Arab-Israeli war opened in Khalde on Dec. 28. The respective delegations were headed by Mr. David Kimche (Director-General of the Israeli Foreign Ministry) and Mr. Antoine Fattal (a senior Lebanese Foreign Ministry official); also present was Mr. Draper of the United States, who sat at the third side of a triangular table. The purpose of the opening meeting was to establish an agenda for substantive negotiations, but both at this session and at the first Kiryat Shemona meeting on Dec. 30 differences on the basic objectives of the negotiations could not be reconciled. Whereas the Israelis saw a normalization of relations between the two countries as the fundamental goal of the talks, the Lebanese side argued that they should be concentrated on reaching an agreement for a general withdrawal of forces from Lebanon. During the opening exchanges the two sides also evinced differing views as to the current status of the 1949 Israel-Lebanon armistice agreement, which according to Mr Fattal remained in force because Lebanon had never indulged in any hostile action against Israel since its signature; in contrast Mr. Kimche argued that Lebanon had effectively abrogated the 1949 agreement when it declared its "association" with the Arab side in the 1967 Middle East war and also by allowing the PLO to set up a "state

within a state" in Lebanese territory and to use it as base for attacks on Israel. A further source of disagreement was the status at the talks of Mr. Draper, in that the Lebanese regarded him as a full partner in the negotiations whereas the Israelis preferred to consider him as an observer. On the basis of proposals drawn up by Mr. Draper, the two sides on Jan. 13 reached a compromise agreement on the agenda for substantive negotiations, which were to be concerned with establishing "a framework for mutual relations" covering a wide range of matters and involving a withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon. The formulation's avoidance of the term "normalization" was seen as an Israeli concession to Lebanese concern that its relations with other Arab states would be damaged by any explicit move towards recognizing Israel at that stage. ISRAELI-LEBANESE-US NEGOTIATIONS (FEBRUARY 1983 - MAY 1983) After five months of negotiations initiated in December 1982, representatives of the Israeli, Lebanese and United States Governments on May 17, 1983, signed an agreement providing for (i) the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon, and (ii) the establishment of a "security region" in Southern Lebanon, to prevent the reinfiltration of Palestinian fighters into the area. NEGOTIATION OF THE AGREEMENT During the negotiations, one major area of difference between Israel and Lebanon concerned the methods by which the "security region" would be enforced. A statement was issued by President Reagan of the United States on Feb. 22 to the effect that the US Government would "take all necessary measures" to guarantee the security of Israel's northern border, after the latter's forces had withdrawn from Lebanon. US officials subsequently stated that such measures could include the presence of a strenthened multinational force along the Lebanese side of the border, together with intelligence and monitoring stations staffed by US personnel. Mr Itzhak Shamir, then Israeli Foreign Minister, commented afterwards that Israel was "not asking for American guarantees", adding that "no international force will be able to prevent the return of the Palestinian Organization (PLO) to the border". Israeli spokesmen denied Lebanese newspaper reports at this time that Israel had agreed to a US compromise proposal envisaging two contiguous security zones, one (extending from the Israeli border to a line II miles to the North) to be controlled jointly by the Lebanese Army and the Israeli-backed forces under the command of Maj. Saad Haddad, and the other (extending to a line 27 miles further North) to be controlled jointly by the Lebanese Army and the multinational force. The Israeli spokesmen maintained that Israel was continuing on observation posts in Southern Lebanon staffed by Israeli personnel (Mr. Ariel Sharon, the then Defence Minister, having in late 1982 demanded five

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enter Lebanon in the course of team duties - this formula overcoming Lebanese objections to the stationing of Israeli troops on Lebanese territory. On April 25, Mr. Shultz began a Middle East tour which included a number of meetings with President Amin Gemayel of Lebanon and with Mr. Menahem Begin, then Israeli Prime Minister, as well as meetings with Dr. Salem and Mr. Shamir and talks with President Hafez al-Assad of Syria, President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia. By the beginning of May, the negotiations had progressed to the stage of an article-by-article study of a draft agreement. Continuing Israeli insistence that Maj. Haddad be given command of the Lebanese Army in the South eventually modified with acceptance of a Lebanese offer that he become deputy commander of a "territorial brigade" composed largely of forces currently under his command. The Israelis on May 10 also accepted, at Lebanese insistence, that the agreement should be signed only by the respective heads of the negotiating teams, rather than by the respective Foreign Ministers.

permanent observation posts, to be staffed by Israeli soldiers who would have the right to search and detain suspected guerrillas). Some progress in the negotiations occurred at the end of February, after lengthy discussions between Dr. Elie Salem, the Lebanese Foreign Minister, and Mr. Philip Habib, then the US special presidential representative with overall responsibility for Middle East peace negotiations. Following further talks with Mr. Habib in Jerusalem, Israeli officials said that it was too early to speak of an accord but that "Mr. Habib has drafted an agreement of some less contentious issues". The state of future relations between Israel and Lebanon remained a major obstacle to progress, however, with the Lebanese Government strongly resisting Israeli demands for a gradual normalization of diplomatic and trade relations. Dr. Salem on March 4 noted that 95 per cent of Lebanon's exports were to Arab countries, and he stated that there could be question of Lebanon opening the border to free trade with Israel. In response Mr. David Kimche, Director-General of the Israeli Foreign Ministry and head of Israel's negotiating team, commented that there would be no reason to proceed with the negotiations if Dr. Salem's statement represented the official Lebanese position. Dr. Salem, however, said on March 10 (during a visit to New Delhi, for the summit conference of heads of state or government of the non-aligned movement that the Lebanese Government would reject any political or economic relations with Israel, and that it would not tolerate "any kind of residual military presence on Lebanese soil". In a further effort to accelerate the progress of negotiations, Mr. George Shultz, the US Secretary of State, together with Mr. Habib and Mr. Morris Drapper (chief US negotiator in Lebanon), held talks on March 12 and 13 in Washington with Dr. Salem and Mr. Shamir respectively, concentrating on the question of security arrangements in Southern Lebanon after an Israeli withdrawal. In a television interview during the course of his US visit, Mr. Shamir said that Israel was not contemplating a permanent military presence in Southern Lebanon, but intended to maintain forces there which would operate in the context of a joint arrangement with the Lebanese. While Dr. Salem insisted that the Lebanese Army was capable of maintaining peace and security in the area, a confidential US congressional report which was "leaked" to the American press on March 22 claimed that the Lebanese Army "exists only on paper", and that it would not become effective for at least two years. In early April, the two sides reportedly reached a compromise on the security issues by which "joint supervisory teams" would be entrusted with patrolling the security region. A major factor in the achievement of this breakthrough was understood to be the acceptance by Israel that the troops forming the Israeli component of the teams would be based on Israeli territory, and would only

SYRIAN ATTITUDE TO ISRAELI-LEBANESE NEGOTIATIONS Mr. Ahmad Iskander Ahmad, the Syrian Information Minister, stated in early March that his Government had no objection to a simultaneous withdrawal of Syrian and Israeli forces, but an article published on March 23 in "Tichrin", the Syrian Government daily, warned that Syria would not accept any agreement which allowed either US or Israeli forces to remain in Lebanon. An editorial in the April 18 edition of "Tichrin" stated that Syrian forces would remain in Lebanon, which was described as Syria's "strategic flank", if the forthcoming agreement gave Israel any geographical political, strategic or security advantages". On May 2, President Assad met with Dr. Salem in Damascus (the Syrian Capital) and stressed that Syria would reject the agreement if it allowed Israel a continuing role in Lebanon. Dr. Salem subsequently affirmed that Lebanon "will never do anything to compromise the authority of Syria". APPROVAL OF DRAFT AGREEMENT The draft agreement was approved by the Israeli Cabinet (by a vote of 17 to two) on May 6 and by the Lebanese Cabinet (unanimously) on May 14. Those opposing the agreement in the Israeli Cabinet were Mr. Ariel Sharon, the Minister without Portfolio, and Prof. Yuval Ne'eman, the Minister of Science and Technology and leader of the right-wing Tehiya' party. Addressing the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) on May 10, Mr. Shamir reiterated earlier warnings by Israeli officials that the Government would consider the agreement suspended if certain conditions, including the return of Israeli prisoners of war and the simultaneous withdrawal

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of Syrian and PLO forces, were not met. On May 16, the Knesset after a long debate accepted the agreement by 57 votes to six with the 45 opposition Alignment deputies abstaining. On the same day the Lebanese Parliament unanimously endorsed the agreement without debate at a session attended by 81 out of the 92 deputies.

liaison committee, to meet alternately in Israel and Lebanon and to include US participants, which would be entrusted with supervising the implementation of the agreement. The committee will also "address itself on a continuing basis to the development of mutual relations between Lebanon and Israel, Inter alia the regulation of the movement of goods, products and persons, communications, etc.". Each party was permitted to "maintain a liaison office" on the territory of the other party to "assist in the implementation" of the agreement. A "security arrangements committee" would be established within the framework of the joint liaison committee. Paragraph 2 of Article 8 specified that "during the sixmonth period after the withdrawal of all Israeli armed forces from Lebanon... and in the light of the termination of the state of war, the parties shall initiate, within the joint liaison committee, bona fide negotiations in order to conclude agreements on the movement of goods, products and persons and their implementation on a nondiscriminatory basis". ARTICLE 9, allowed the parties one year to abrogate any treaties, laws or regulations conflicting with the agreement. ARTICLE 10, provided for ratification of the agreement and for its subsequent modification if such was desired by both parties. ARTICLE 11, provided that any disputes as to the agreement's implementation would be settled in the joint liaison committee, and would then be submitted to conciliation if they remained unresolved. ARTICLE 12, provided for registration of the agreement with the UN.

SIGNATURE OF THE AGREEMENT The agreement was formally concluded on May 17 in ceremonies at Khalde (Lebanon) and Kiryat Shemona (Israel), the two principal venues of the negotiations. It was signed for Lebanon by Mr. Antoine Fattal (a senior Foreign Ministry official and head of the Lebanese negotiating team), for Israel by Mr. Kimche and for the USA by Mr. Draper. During the signing ceremony, Mr. Fattal made a statement in which he stressed that Lebanon intended "to remain faithful to its arab vocation, while ending the state of war with Israel"; he asserted that there was "no contradiction there", and added that the agreement was "a step towards a just and lasting peace in the region". THE AGREEMENT The preamble to the agreement noted that the two countries had "agreed to declare the termination of the state of war between them". ARTICLE 1, stated that they agreed to "respect the sovereignty, political independence and territorial integrity of each other", and that therefore "Israel undertakes to withraw all its armed forces from Lebanon". In ARTICLE 2, the parties undertook to settle their disputes by peaceful means in line with the principles of the United Nations Charter. ARTICLE 3, provided for the establisliment of "security arrangements, including the creation of a security region". ARTICLE 4, stated that "the territory of each party will not be used as a base for hostile or terrorist activity against the other party, its territory or its people. It further specified that each party would take action against any individual or group which violated this provision, and would "refrain from intervening in the internal or external affairs of the other party. ARTICLE 5, stated that the parties will abstain from any form of hostile propaganda against the other". ARTICLE 6, stated that "each party will prevent entry into, deployment in, or passage through its territory... by military forces, armament or military equipment of any state hostile to the other party". (In the event of a dispute as to whether a particular state was hostile, it was agreed that the provisions of Article 6 would be applied in respect of any state which did not maintain diplomatic relations with both parties). ARTICLE 7, permitted the Lebanese Government to continue to request international forces to help maintain its authority, with the proviso that "new contributors to such forces shall be selected from among states having diplomatic relations with both parties". ARTICLE 8, provided for the establishment of a joint

CONFIDENTIAL US-ISRAELI AGREEMENT A confidential US-Israeli agreement was also signed in Washington. Although its details were not publicized. US State Depatment officials stated that it included a recognition by the US Government that Israel's forces would remain in Lebanon until such time as all Israeli prisoners of war had been repatriated, and Syrian and PLO forces had withdrawn from the country. HOSTILE SYRIAN RESPONSE TO THE AGREEMENT The Syrian Government took a hostile attitude as soon as details of the agreement became known. Syrian government officials stated that Syrian troops remain in Lebanon "for the foreseable future" and that Syria "would do all in its power to prevent the agreements implementation". On May 12, President Assad said at a meeting with Dr. Salem in Damascus that the accord constituted a "grave danger to Syrian security", and Mr. Abdel Halim Khaddam, the Syrian Foreign Minister, stated that Syria had "rejected the agreement in form and in substance". He further claimed in an interview published on May 18 in the Beirut newspaper As-Safir that the agreement and the March 1979 peace treaty between Israel and Egypt were "two sides of the same coin". Mr. Khaddam had also affirmed that Syria would "support

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actively all the Lebanese forces who are struggling against the agreement". In a move to coincide with the signing of the agreement, Syrian units on May 17 closed the BeirutDamascus and Beirut-Tripoli roads, and cut telephone and telex links between Beirut and Syrian-controlled areas of Lebanon. On May 18, Al-Baath (the newspaper of the ruling Syrian Baath party) claimed that "the Lebanese Government has lost its legitimacy as well as its capability and competence to direct the Lebanese people, and 'it' has become a full partner of the USA and Israel in their schemes against the Arab world". In an effort to win support for the Syrian position, on May 20, Mr. Ahmad and Mr. Faruk al-Shara, a senior Foreign Ministry official, embarked on a tour of Arab States, including Algeria, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia.

regarded the agreement as tantamount to a peace treaty, since the two countries had formally agreed to end the state of war between them. The agreement was criticized by the Tehiya party and by the Labour party, whose leader, Mr. Shimon Peres, claimed that the security arrangements provided for in the accord left Israel in a worse position than before the invasion of Lebanon. There was considerable opposition to the agreement within Lebanon, particularly among leftist Moslem factions, and on May 14 a national opposition front was formed after a meeting in the northern town of Zghorta involving Mr. Soleiman Franjie, President of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976; Mr. Rashid Karami, a Sunni Moslem from Tripoli and former Prime Minister (most recently from July 1975 to late 1976, Mr. Walid Jumblatt, leader of the (Druze) Progressive Socialist Party, and Mr. George Hawi, leader of the Lebanese Communist Party. After the meeting, Mr. Jumblatt and Mr. Hawi went to Damascus for consultations with Syrian leaders. During a visit to Paris on May 23, Dr. Salem warned that if the agreement was not applied "in a reasonable time" it would meet "a natural death", and he further stated that it would not in any case apply unless Syria withdrew its forces from Lebanon.

REACTION OF OTHER ARAB GOVERNMENTS Jordan and Egypt both openly supported the agreement;while South Yemen, the PLO and Libya publicly denounced it; the Lebanese ambassador was expelled from Libya and the Libyan ambassador recalled from Beirut. The Damascus press also claimed that the Iranian Government had declared its opposition. Other Arab governments refrained from making decisive statements on the accord, but it appeared that most were broadly sympathetic to it. Gen. Kamel Hassan Ali, the Egyptian Foreign Minister, on May 17 called for all "foreign parties" to respect the agreement, urging them to "observe the will of the Lebanese people and not create obstacles which could perpetuate the presence of foreign troops on Lebanese soil". An Iraqi spokesman stated on May 20 that the agreement must be "confronted", since there was a danger Of Arab states "lowering their guard" in dealings with Israel. The spokesman also expressed sympathy with the Lebanese people, however, and suggested that they had been forced into the agreement. Mr. Ali ibn Hasan al-Shaer, the Saudi Information Minister, said that his Government supported the Lebanese people, but it was noted that he refrained from commenting on the agreement as such. A similar line was adopted in a statement issued by the GCC, Gulf Cooperation Council, (comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates), which declared that the Council "respected the will of the Lebanese people". After its emissaries had met with leaders of a number of Arab states, the Lebanese Government claimed that the leaders of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia had all privately given their support to the accord.

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS, MAY 1983 - SEPTEMBER 1983 After the conclusion of the Israeli-Lebanese troops withdrawal agreement in May 1983, there was a marked deterioration in the security situation in Lebanon. Clashes between Druze and Christian Phalangist forces in the Chouf mountains developped into open civil war in early September when the Lebanese Army, as well as the rival Druze and Phalangist militias, moved to occupy the area (after the withdrawal of Israeli forces on Sept. 4 to new defensive positions further south along the Awali river). The Lebanese Army, with United States artillery support, halted a Druze advance at the strategic town of Souk elGharb, five miles south of Beirut, and US and Saudi mediators in late September succeeded in negotiating a ceasefire. Other aspects of the fighting during this period included the resurgence of militia activity in Moslem West Beirut, clashes between pro- and anti-syrian factions in the northern port of Tripoli, attacks on the Israeli Defence Force (IDF), and attacks on troops serving with the multinational peace-keeping force in the Beirut area resulting in direct intervention by French and US forces. MILITARY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CHOUF Increasingly fierce clashes developed in the Chouf mountains from May onwards as the Druze sought to expel the Phalangists from areas which the latter has occupied in the wake of the Israeli invasion in 1982. Druze artillery also shelled Christian and Lebanese Army positions in and around Beirut.

ISRAELI AND LEBANESE CRITICISM Within Israel, government officials stated that they

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In a series of clashes on May 22, which coincided with a wave of kidnappings by both sides, 23 people were killed, a number of others wounded, and over 100 reportedly seized, including the Maronite Bishop of Tyre, who was however freed on May 23 after a personal plea for his release from President Gemayel. The fighting died down after leaders from both sides had urged an end to hostilities and the release of all hostages. (Although Israeli troops were still stationed in the Chouf, they rarely intervened to stop the fighting). In the first major clash between Druze and regular Lebanese Army forces in the Chouf, 14 members of an army patrol were injured and two Druze were killed in a Druse ambush on July 14. The patrol had been accompanying an Israeli reconnaissance unit in preparation for a planned occupation of the Chouf by the Lebanese Army following Israeli withdrawal. Druze artillery shelled Christian East Beirut and also the airport on July 18, July 20 & July 23, killing over 30 people.

fighters, mostly belonging to the Amai militia, grew in intensity during August, culminating in a full-scale battle as the Army regained control of West Beirut in four days of street fighting at the end of the month. The four-nation multinational peace-keeping force (comprising US, French, Italian and British personnel) also became involved in the fighting; the US contingent for the first time used artillery and helicopter gunships after suffering its first casualties since the arrival of the peace-keeping force in August and September 1982. Street fighting in the Wadi Abu Jamil sector of West Beirut on Aug. 15 coincided with a general strike and demonstrations by Shia Moslem in the capital and in Tyre (where one demonstrator was shot and killed by Israeli troops). Over the ensuing two weeks, Amai took over much of West Beirut, and fighting broke out again on Aug. 28 on the Southern edge of the city, in the vicinity of US Marine bases. The following day, US positions were attacked with rockets and mortar fire, which killed two Marines and wounded 14 others; the Marines returned the fire, and also carried out strikes against Amai positions using Cobra helicopter gunships. On Aug. 30 French positions came under fire, with three soldiers and a military policeman being killed, while gunmen also fired on a British convoy, although no casualties resulted. After two days of inconclusive fighting, the Lebanese Army on Aug. 31 launched a successful counter-attack, using 6,000 troops supported by armoured personnel carriers and tanks. By the end of the day, most of West Beirut had been brought under Army control. Government radio reported that 42 soldiers had been killed and another 176 wounded between Aug. 28 and Aug. 31, with total casualties estimated as 79 dead and 326 wounded, including several French and Italian personnel and US Marines.

ABDUCTION OF CABINET MINISTERS BY DRUZE MILITIAMEN Druze militiamen kidnapped three Lebanese cabinet ministers on Aug. 10 and held them in the Druze stronghold of Moukhtara for 24 hours before releasing them into custody of the IDF. The ministers returned to Beirut on Aug. II with a list of Dmse demands including the resignation of the entire Cabinet and the withdrawal of the Army from the Chouf. Artillery battles between the Druze on the one hand and the Lebanese Army and Phalangists on the other continued through Mid-August, punctuated by a number of a short-lived ceasefires, while there were also reports of a series of clashes between Druze fighters and Lebanese soldiers in the foothills of the Chouf. The Druze also carried out earlier threats to shell Beirut airport should the Army attempt to move into the Chouf, with the result that the airport was closed for a number of days. On Aug. 16, the airport reopened after Saudi mediation efforts had succeeded in securing an understanding between the Government and Mr. Walid Jumblatt, the PSP leader, that the Druze would refrain from shelling the airport so long as it was not used for operations against them. A ceasefire was also concluded on Aug. 16 between Druze and Phalangist forces, although fighting broke out again a week later at various locations in the Chouf. On Aug. 25, however, Mr. Gemayel stated that the Lebanese (i.e. Phalangist) Forces would be prepared to evacuate the Chouf so long as they were replaced by the Lebanese Army. On Sept. 1, Mr. Jumblatt announced in Damascus that the Druze were now in "a state of war", and he warned that there would now be "fighting, and only fighting", since there is no longer any room for dialogue".

NATIONAL SALVATION FRONT On July 23, Mr. Jumblatt announced in Baalbeck that a "National Salvation Front" had been formed, including himself, former President Soleiman Franjie, and the former Prime Minister Mr. Rashid Karami. The Front which appeared to be a consolidation of the national opposition front formed after the conclusion of the Israeli troops withdrawal agreement in May, included a "Presidential Council" headed by Mr. Franjie, and also a 12-member "National Council". On Aug. 27, Mr. Soleiman Franjie stated that the Front would function solely as a "democratic opposition". On Aug. 31, President Gemayel issued a statement calling on leading Lebanese figures to take part in a "national reconciliation dialogue". Among those to whom the invitation was addressed were Mr. Pierre Gemayel, Mr. Jumblatt, Mr. Camille Chamoun (who had been President in 1952-58), Mr. Saeb Salam, a Sunni Moslem and former Prime Minister, most recently in 1961, and Mr. Nabih

FIGHTING BETWEEN LEBANESE ARMY AND MOSLEM MILITIAS A series of clashes between Army units and Moslem 411

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which Druze gunners were shelling Beirut. On Sept. 16/18, the Lebanese Air Force went into action for the first time since 1976, carrying out air strikes against artillery emplacements in Chouf and the surrounding countryside. During the strikes, which were carried out by the Air Force's six operational Hawker Hunter jets. US naval F-14 Tomcat fighters flew high over Beirut to provide air cover. One Lebanese aircraft was shot down, and a further two which were damaged landed at Akrotiri for repairs. US warships lying off the coast also bombarded Druze positions in the hills above Beirut on Sept. 16-21. Particularly heavy shelling on Sept. 19 was reported to have been instrumental in halting a Druze tank assault on Souk el-Gharb. A US spokesman stated that the action was "of a defensive nature", since "the success of the Lebanese Army's defence of the area is vital to the safety of US personnel". Following the US naval bombardment, British, French and Italian representatives met in Rome on Sept. 19 to discuss the future role of the European contingents in the multinational force. The US action was openly criticized by Mr. Claude Cheysson, the French Foreign Minister, who declared that it was not the best means to solve the Lebanese problem. French Super Etendard jets on Sept. 22 carried out a series of air strikes against Druze and Syrian artillery emplacements in the Chouf and in the Meta mountains North-East of Beirut. The Action followed the deaths in shelling earlier in the day of two French soldiers. A number of shells fell on the Italian base the same day, setting off a series of explosions which destroyed almost all of the Italian contingent's ammunition.

Serri, leader of the Amai Movement. On Aug. 26, Mr. Robert McFarlane, then US special presidential envoy to the Middle East, met separately in Paris with Mr. Jumblatt and Mr. Wadih Haddad (the Lebanese national security adviser). ESCALATION OF FIGHTING Ferocious battles broke out in thè Chouf on Sept. 4 as IDF units pulled back from the area, and over the ensuing two weeks Druze forces, inflicted a number of significant defeats on both the Lebanese Army and the Phalangist militia. While the Army moved south to occupy Khalde and secure the southern approaches to the capital, Druse units engaged Phalangist and Army forces outside the mainly Druze town of Aley; further west they surrounded the strategic crossroads town of Bhamdoun, trapping several thousand Phalangists and entering the town on Sept. 6. Druze forces also captured Qabr Chamoun from the Phalangists on Sept. 8, and surrounded the town of Deir elQamar where over 25,000 Christian refugees were reported to be sheltering. From Sept. 6 onwards, all four contingents of the multinational force became increasingly embroiled in the fighting. Two US marines were killed when their position near the airport was attacked by Amai fighters, and on the following day three French soldiers, including one lieutenant-colonel, were killed by shelling. Mr. Charles Hernu, the French Defence Minister, stated after this attack that French aircraft would take out the Druze artillery if the shelling continued. On the same day French, US and Italian aircraft all flew reconnaissance missions over Beirut and the surrounding area, and on Sept. 9 the British Government announced that six long range Buccaneer strike aircraft had been sent to the British sovereign base at Akrotiri, Cyprus, in order to "provide air support (for the British contingent) should the need arise". US positions near the airport came under fire from Druze artillery on Sept. 8-9, and in response US ships shelled various undisclosed locations in the Chouf, while marines on land also returned the fire with heavy artillery. President Reagan announced on Sept. 13 that the US forces might use all means at their disposal, including returning fire and calling on naval or air strikes, to defend themselves and other members of the multinational force. It was subsequently stressed by Administration officials that this did not provide for retaliatory strikes or offensive action, although support could be given to the Lebanese Army if it were in danger of losing a key position and so exposing the multinational force to attack. A particularly fierce struggle developed from Sept. 10 onwards for the strategic hill town of Souk el-Gharb, where Lebanese Army units defending the Beirut perimeter were attacked by Druze fighters using tanks and artillery. While the Army succeeded in holding the town, it largely failed in attempts to secure a nearby ridge from

RESIGNATION OF LEBANESE CABINET A ceasefire agreement, which was reported to have been endorsed by all the factions concerned, was announced in Damascus on Sept. 25 by Mr. Abdel Halim Khaddam, the Syrian Foreign Minister, and Prince Bandar bin Sultan, a member of the Saudi royal family who (together with Mr. McFarlane and Mr. Rafiq al-Hariri, a Lebanese businessman) had played a major role in a number of mediation efforts during September. Mr. Chafiq al-Wazzan, the Lebanese Prime Minister, together with all the members of his Cabinet, submitted their resignations to President Gemayel on Sept. 26 in order to make way "for the formation of a cabinet of national unity to undertake the rebuilding of the homeland". President Gemayel requested the Cabinet to remain in office, however, "until the features of the new era crystallize". President Gemayel also reiterated his invitation to leading Lebanese figures, and to Saudi and Syrian observers, to participate in a "national reconciliation dialogue" which would lay "the permanent foundations of coexistence, a guarantee of state sovereignty over all

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Lebanese territory and the creation of a balanced governmental system".

command post of the French contingent in the suburb of Chiah. After the attacks on March 16, the Lebanese Army cordoned off the area, arresting over 200 people. On April 4, it was announced that seven members of Al Jihad alIslami, and two members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, had been detained in connexion with the attacks.

INTERNAL SECURITY AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS BOMB EXPLOSION AT US EMBASSY On April 18, 1983, a bomb exploded at the United States embassy in Beirut, killing approximately 60 people and injuring 120, and completely destroying the central consular section of the building. Mr. Robert Dillon, the US ambassador, was unharmed, but among those killed were Lebanese civilians and 17 US nationals, including Marine guards, senior embassy staff, and Mr. Robert Ames. The explosion occurred shortly after 1:00 p.m. local time, and apparently took the form of a suicide attack, in which a van containing an estimated 440 lb of explosive was driven across the embassy forecourt and into the side of the building. Responsibility for the attack was claimed in the first instance by the Al Jihad al-Islami (Islamic Holy War) organization (an offshoot of the Lebanese Shi'ite Amai militia, which stated that the explosion was "part of the Iranian revolution's campaign against the imperialist presence throughout the world" (Al-Jihad al-Islami having previously claimed responsibility for attacks on troops of the international peace-keeping force). On April 19, responsibility for the attack was also claimed by two hitherto unknown groups, the Arab Socialist Unionists and the Organization for Vengeance for the Martyrs of Sabra and Chatila (the two refugee camps in West Beirut in which large numbers of Palestinian civilians were massacred in September 1982). In comdemning the explosion as "a cowardly act", President Reagan said that it would not deter US peace efforts in the region, stating that he had instructed Mr Morris Draper, the chief US negotiator in Lebanon, and Mr Philip Habib, the special US presidential representative to the Middle East, to press ahead with negotiations for the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon.

TENSION BETWEEN US MARINES AND ISRAELI FORCES During early 1983 troops of the Israeli Defence Force (IDF) and US Marines serving with the international peace-keeping force came into confrontation in a series of incidents on the southern finge of Beirut. It was reported on Feb. 2 that an Israeli armoured unit had attempted to enter a US-controlled zone, and was prevented from doing so only by the action of a US Marine captain, who climbed on to the leading Israeli tank and threatened its commander with a loaded pistol. On March 17, the US Defence Department released the text of a letter sent to Mr. Caspar Weinberger, Secretary of Defence, by Gen. Robert Barrow, Commandant of the US Marine Corps, in which the latter accused the IDF of deliberately harassing the Marines "for obtuse Israeli political purposes", and demanded "firm and strong action to demonstrate to the Israelis that the role of peacekeeper does not presume weakness". The US Defence Department also released a classified document detailing other previously unpublicized confrontations, including one in which an Israeli tank reportedly opened fire with a machine gune on the road directly in front of a Marine foot patrol, and another in which Israeli soldiers were said to have threatened to kill a Marine captain. On March 18, the Israeli Government press office issued a statement denying that IDF soldiers had ever threatned US personnel, and adding that any incidents which had occurred all took place outside the US zone. The statement claimed that the US Marines were failing to honour an agreement delineating the military patrol zones, and that they had consistently refused Israeli requests for closer liaison between themselves and the IDF. Israeli military sources also suggested that Palestinian guerrillas were continuing to operate from inside the US zone. Controversy was also provoked by the tactics of "reconnaissance by fire" (i.e. indiscriminate firing into an area believed to contain enemy personnel) as operated by the IDF along the Sidon road, adjacent to the US zone South of Beirut (in an area where several attacks on the IDF occurred). On March 20, Col. James Mead, commander of the US Marines in Lebanon, accused the Israelis of "gross lack of fire discipline and very poor tactics", claiming that the practice of "reconnaissance by fire" endangered both US personnel and civilians. According to the Lebanese

ATTACKS ON THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE-KEEPING FORCE During February and March 1983, the international peacekeeping force in Beirut (first deployed in August 1982), was the target of a series of attacks, the most serious if which occurred as follows: (i) on Feb. 2, two French Marines were wounded when their jogging party was attacked in West Beirut; (ii) on March 16, one Italian soldier was killed and eight others wounded when their patrol near the airport came under grenade and rifle fire, while later the same day five US Marines were wounded in a grenade attack in the Ouzai area, responsibility for both attacks being claimed by the hiltherto unknown Al Jihad al-Islami organization; (iii) on March 17, another Italian soldier was wounded in an attack on a routine patrol; and (iv) on March 18, hand grenades were thrown at a

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authorities, five civilians had been killed by Israeli gunfire during February alone. There was also some evidence of tension between IDF and UNIFIL troops in southern Lebanon. In particular, a rèport in the "Times" of Feb. 7 quoted UN intelligence documents which complained of "undisciplined behaviour of IDF personnel towards UNIFIL personnel", detailing several incidents in which the latter had reportedly been harassed or threatened by Israeli soldiers. Israeli military authorities had previously announced on Dec. 31, 1982, the discovery by an IDF patrol operating inside the UNIFIL zone of five Katyusha rockets (a type previously used by Palestinian guerrillas in attacks on northern Israeli settlements), reportedly planted near the Israeli border and aimed at the town of Kiryat Shemona, where troop withdrawal negotiations were currently being held. In a separate development, US Marines from the international peace-keeping force participated in a rescue and relief mission in the central Lebanese mountains following a blizzard, described as the worst in living memory, in which about 80 people died, including 20 Syrian soldiers. Initially, Syrian forces occupying the region refused to allow US personnel into the area, but on Feb. 22, the two sides agreed to co-operate in a rescue mission in which Marine helicopters airlifted supplies to isolated villages. The Marines also ferried supplies to villages in areas controlled by Christian Phalangist militias.

agree to Israeli demands for an immediate peace treaty. In particular it was reported that at a meeting on Jan. 27 with Mr. Ariel Sharon (the then Israeli Defence Minister), Mr. Pierre Gemayel had expressed full support for his son's stand. With regard to increasing the strength of the Lebanese Army, it was announced on Dec. 2, 1982, that the US Government had agreed to supply arms worth a total of $50,000,000, including 36 M-68 tanks, 12 155mm field guns and 24 armoured personnel carriers. In the following months, the USA also sent more than 70 non-combatant advisers, including 28 members of the Special Forces ("Green Berets"), to assist in the Army's training. President Gemayel on March 31 issued a decree dissolving the Arab Deterrent Force, thereby formally ending the peace-keeping mandate of the estimated 30,000 Syrian soldiers who had been stationed in Eastern Lebanon since early 1976. It was noted however, that the decree did not include a request that Syrian forces leave the country. CONTINUING FACTIONAL STRIFE, DECEMBER 1982 TO APRIL 1983 Clashes between rival Lebanese factions continued in late 1982 and early 1983, including in particular fighting between pro-and anti-Syrian Moslems in the northern port of Tripoli, and between Christians and Druse Moslems in East Beirut and the Shouf mountains. There was also evidence of continuing harassment of the Palestinian community in Beirut and southern Lebanon. On Feb. 5, 1983, a car bomb destroyed the building housing the PLO-affiliated Palestine Research Centre in West Beirut, killing 20 people and injuring 100. During February there was a series of reports from the Sidon area of the harassment and murder of Palestinian civilians by the Phalangist militia. In particular, local officials of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency claimed that the Phalangists were conducting a campaign of intimidation in an attempt to force Palestinians to leave their homes in Sidon and enter the nearby Ain-Helwe refugee camp. On Feb. 14 the US State Department issued a statement in which it expressed "extreme concern over the recent murders of Palestinian civilians in southern Lebanon", and called on the Israeli and Lebanese authorities to take action to prevent any recurrences; a subsequent statement also voiced concern over reports of intimidation of Palestinians in the Mieh Mieh camp on the outskirts of Sidon. Israeli authorities responded to the reports by ordering increased IDF patrols in the area, whilst also issuing a warning to the Phalangists to cease any intimidation. In December 1982 and early January 1983 there was a renewed outbreak of fighting in Tripoli between the proSyrian Alawite Moslem Arab Democratic Party supported by several hundred Syrian paratroopers, and an anti-Syrian alliance of Palestinians and leftist Sunni Moslems grouped around the "October 24" Movement (formerly the Popular

DEPLOYMENT OF LEBANESE ARMY IN EAST BEIRUT On Feb. 15, 1983, the Lebanese Army was deployed in Beirut for the first time since the war of 1975-76. The deployment followed several months of negotiations between the Lebanese Government and the (Christian) Phalangist party (headed by Mr. Pierre Gemayel, father of President Amin Gemayel), together with its military wing, the Lebanese Forces militia. The resulting agreement between the two sides permitted the Lebanese Forces to retain their weapons on the condition that they were not publicly displayed. In the days preceding the deployment, the militia reportedly withdrew its heavier weapons, including Israeli-supplied tanks and artillery, to Phalangist strongholds in the hills North-East of the city. Following a government decree issued on March 6, prohibiting illegal imports and ordering the closure of privately-run ports, the Lebanese Army moved into the fifth bassin of Beirut port, known as "Dock Five", which since the war had been operated by the Phalangist militia and had provided them with their main source of income. The Phalangists' willingness to acquiesce in this move was believed to have been influenced by increasingly strained relations between themselves and the Israelis, after the refusal of President Gemayel's administration to 414

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Resistance Movement). In all, 166 people were reportedly killed in the fighting, which consisted mostly of artillery duels and street fighting, while 20,000 were said to have abandoned their homes. After the failure of repeated attempts to arrange a ceasefire, it was reported on Jan. 8 that President Assad had reached an agreement with Mr. Chafiq al-Wazzan, the (Sunni Moslem) Lebanese Prime Minister, by which the contending factions would pull back from the battle zones and allow the Lebanese Internal Security Force to patrol the city. Following approval by a committee composed of faction leaders and headed by Mr. Rashid Karami, a resident of Tripoli and former Prime Minister. Sporadic fighting between Phalangist and Druze forces in the Shouf mountains and the eastern fringes of Beirut continued during the winter of 1982-83. On Dec. 20, 1982, a total of 19 people, including six Lebanese policemen, were killed in fighting in the town of Aley, in the first in the first of a series of clashes which culminated in early February 1983 when Druze forces succeeded in driving the Phalangists out of the town. Eight people were also reported killed during the shelling of Christian positions in East Beirut on Jan. 30 and Feb. 4. On Feb. 7 the Israeli Army announced that a ceasefire had been agreed between representatives of the IDF, the Phalangist militia, and the Progressive Socialist Party (the Druze community's political wing). However, renewed fighting between the two militias reportedly erupted in the Shouf mountains at the beginning of April.

4. In conformity with the agreement providing for this deployment, gunmen of the Shia Moslem Amai and the Iranian-based Hezbollah militias withdrew from the streets; they returned in subsequent days, however, as the presence of the security force was reduced. CABINET MEETINGS - RE-ELECTION OF SPEAKER On Sept. 2, 1986, the full Cabinet met for the first time since October 1985. Meeting as a "dialogue committee" on an abandoned racetrack on the Green Line, the Cabinet called for a "prompt, comprehensive and stable ceasefire" and asked the security co-ordination committee to enforce this under the supervision of the Army. The meeting also entrusted two Ministers, a Christian, Mr. Joseph al Hashem (Posts, Communications, Health and Social Affairs), and a Sunni Moslem, Mr. Selim Hoss (Labour and Education) with the task of drawing up a new national covenant, to replace that of 1943 under which the Christian community benefited from preferential allocation of state positions. The Cabinet undertook on Sept. 9 to secure the return to state control of all ports currently operated on an illegal basis by various militia groups thereby depriving the state of significant customs revenues. Mr. Hussein al Husseini was re-elected Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies on Oct. 21. DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTHERN LEBANON ATTACKS ON UNIFIL AND ISRAELI-BACKED FORCES Shia Moslem groups continued to oppose the presence in southern Lebanon of Israeli Defence Force (IDF) personnel while the Israeli-backed South Lebanon Army (SLA) militia came under increasing pressure from the Shia Hezbollah militia, whose strength and influence in the south was growing. Both the SLA and, sporadically, the IDF operated within and to the north of the so-called "security zone" declared by Israel prior to the IDF's withdrawal in 1985. IDF troops continued to interrogate villagers and make arrests in an effort to prevent any guerrilla activity directed against Israel. The zone of operations of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), which had originally extended to the border, was now restricted, and UNIFIL units came under attack on a number of occasions from IDF and SLA positions and, sometimes, from Shia groups. An incident at a UNIFIL checkpoint near Marrakeh on Aug. 11, when a French soldier shot dead two Amai members, led to several days of sporadic clashes between French, Irish and Fijian UNIFIL units and Amai and Hezbollah militiamen. In an unconnected incident, an Irish soldier was killed in a roadside bomb explosion on Aug. 21. Tensions between UNIFIL and Amai were largely resolved by Aug. 24, when the Amai commander in southern Lebanon, Mr. Daoud Daoud, told a rally in

SYRIAN INTERVENTION A large-scale Syrian military operation was launched in Lebanon in February 1987, with some 7,000 Syrian troops supported by tanks and artillery entering Beirut on Feb. 22. Their arrival brought to an end a particularly intense weeklong phase of street battles in the city between the Shia Moslem Amai militia on the one hand, and Sunni Moslem, Druze and left-wing groups on the other. The Syrian intervention compelled the closure of militia headquarters and the withdrawal of the various armed groups from the streets. CAR BOMBINGS IN BEIRUT, JULY TO AUGUST 1986 A series of car bomb attacks in Beirut began in late July 1986 and continued in early August, when 102 people were killed in attacks on both sides of the "Green Line" which separated Moslem west Beirut from the eastern, Christian quarter of the city. Periodic Christian-Moslem clashes across the Green line continued throughout the year. Observers speculate that the bombings represented an attempt to undermine the Syrian-backed "security plan" for the capital, under which Syrian troops had accompanied a mixed force of Lebanese soldiers and policemen into the southern sector of west Beirut on Aug.

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Marrakeh that he would regard any attack against UNIFIL as an assault on his militia. AmaFs general support for the presence of UNIFIL contrasted with Hezbollah's demands for the withdrawal of the UN force. A hitherto unknown group, the "Revolutionary Brigade for the Liberation of the Border Strip", warned on Sept. 3 that it would treat the UNIFIL contingent as "hostages" unless Israel agreed to the implementaton of UN Security Council resolution 425 of 1978 (which provided for Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon following its limited invasion of that year, and for the establishment of UNIFIL). The French contingent was singled out for a series of attacks in September: three French soldiers died when a bomb exploded as their jogging party passed along a road near Jouaiya on Sept. 4. Amai conducted a search for those responsible and arrested three suspects the following day. Another French soldier died in a landmine explosion near Bafliyeh, east of Tyre, on Sept. 13. Amai later seized three men in connexion with the attack, on Sept. 17 the UNIFIL commander, Maj.-Gen. Gustav Hagglund, endorsed a recent warning by Amai that it would execute anyone involved in attacks on UNIFIL. During August and September French officials held discussions with the UN on the question of a possible "redefinition" of the role of the French contingent. Towards the end of September, much of the contingent (which numbered approximately 1,380) was redeployed to UNIFIL headquarters at Naqoura. Some of the contingent's positions were abandoned while at others the French were replaced by Ghanaian, Fijian or Nepalese units. Later in the year it was reported that about 800 French soldiers would be withdrawn. The Swedish government had confirmed on Aug. 15 that it also would provide troops for UNIFIL; a contingent of 170 arrived on Nov. 27. The French military attache was shot dead in east Beirut on Sept. 18; responsibility was claimed by the "Revenge and Justice Front". The UN Security Council on Sept. 22 approved by 14 votes to none (with the USA abstaining) Resolution 587, which was introduced by France with the approval of the UN Secretary-General, Sr. Javier Perez de Cuellar. The motion broadly followed the wording of Resolution 425, and called for the withdrawal from southern Lebanon of any military presence not sanctioned by the Lebanese authorities. Praised by Mr. Nabih Bern, the leader of Amai, as "just and courageous", the resolution was rejected by the then Israeli Prime Minister, Mr. Shimon Peres, who claimed that UNIFIL alone did not possess sufficient strength to guarantee the security of Israel's border. Substantial numbers of Israeli troops gathered on the frontier in late September after Hezbollah and other Moslem forces, fighting as the "Islamic Resistance Front", had carried out a number of successful attacks against SLA positions, notably near Kafra, Yater and Jarjoua on Sept. 11 and 18. IDF units crossed the border to re-supply the SLA,

and there was some speculation that Israel would stage a limited invasion to deter further attacks on the militia. On Sept. 23, President Assad of Syria warned of "stunning retaliation" in the event of such an invasion. Three Fijian UNIFIL soldiers manning a UN checkpoint were killed on Nov. 20 when a suicide car bomb blew up their vehicle. An Irish UNIFIL soldier was killed on Jan. 10, 1987, when Israeli tank fire hit a UN command post. An Israeli spokesman claimed that the IDF unit's commander had believed that he was firing at a "terrorist commando" position. An offer of US$ 50,000 in compensation by Israel was rejected by the dead soldier's widow. Six Irish UNIFIL soldiers were wounded in a bomb attack on their barracks near Tibnin on Jan. 28. Gen. Hagglund on Jan. 15 requested supplies of more modem and powerful weapons for UNIFIL in order that its forces might defend themselves against what he termed "deliberate and indiscriminate" attacks by the IDF and the SLA. The UNIFIL mandate was extended for a further six months by unanimous vote of the UN Security Council on the same day. ISRAELI AIR STRIKES ON PALESTINIAN POSITIONS The Israeli Air Force (IAF) continued to stage air strikes on suspected Palestine Liberation Organization positions. After PLO guerrillas had fired Katyusha rockets into northern Israel, IAF jets on Aug. 10, 1986, raided suspected bases of the Fatah organization of the PLO near Sidon. Two days later Israeli aircraft attacked positions near Baalbek, in the eastern Bekaa Valley, allegedly occupied by the Fatah Revolutionary Council (i.e. the Fatah "rebels" loyal to Col. Saed "Abu" Musa); An IAF raid on PLO bases near Tyre and Sidon was mounted on Sept. 10. Observers reported that the aircraft failed to hit an arms and ammunition dump of the Palestine Popular Struggle Front (PPSF) in Sidon, and instead damaged part of the town's industrial area, killing some civilians. On Sept. 23, Israeli aircraft struck at bases of Abu Musa's Fatah rebels and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) near Damour; two days later, they bombed Fatah bases in Sidon. Units of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) based at Akkar, in northern Lebanon, were attacked on Oct. 6. An Israeli aircraft was shot down during a raid on the Mieh Mieh refugee camp near Sidon on Oct. 16. The raid was staged in retaliation for a PLO grenade attack on Israeli soldiers in Jerusalem the previous day. The pilot was rescued by helicopter, but the navigator was captured by Amai militiamen, who on Nov. 14 offered to exchange him for a number of Lebanese in detention in Israel. Further attacks on Fatah and PPSF positions near Sidon were staged on Nov. 16 and 17 respectively. In the first direct attack on PLO guerrillas involved in

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Amai launched fierce attacks on Chatila and Bourj elBrajneh at the beginning of December. The camps were surrounded and shelled by more than 40 tanks. Palestinians living outside the camp were rounded up and detained. On Dec. 3 Amai fighters took control of the small Al Bas refugee camp, near Tyre, which had been undefended. Fighting in Beirut continued in early December, despite several attempts to arrange a ceasefire. Iranian mediators played a major part in negotiations between the two sides. An Arab League Foreign Ministers' meeting in Tunis, which had been requested by the PLO, appealed for an end to the fighting on Dec. 8. The meeting was, however, attended by only the Jordanian, Iraqi, Tunisian and Qatari Ministers. On Dec. 10 Iranian mediators secured a ceasefire agreement by which the PLO would withdraw from newly captured positions in the south in return for Amai lifting its siege of the Beirut camps. Sporadic fighting continued, however, when it became clear that the PLO had not satisfied Arnold demands for its withdrawal from some areas outside Sidon. Conditions in Chatila and Bourj elBrajneh deteriorated rapidly during January as Amai continued to prevent food and medical supplies from being taken into the camps. At least 600 people were reported to have died in the fighting between mid-October and the end of December.

fighting with Amai, IAF jets on Nov. 27 fired on Palestinian lines in the town of Maghdousheh, east of Sidon, which the PLO had captured fiom Amai three days earlier. Amai claimed that the aircraft had also attacked their positions, and that militiamen had returned fire. PLO positions near Sidon were shelled by the Israeli Navy on Dec. 4. IAF aircraft on Dec. 11 attacked the refugee camp at Nahr al-Bared, near Tripoli in northern Lebanon, which had been the scene of heavy fighting between mainstream Fatah members and the Abu Musa faction in 1983. At least 15 people were killed in the raid, which was directed against buildings housing members of the Abu Musa and Abu Nidal groups. The local commander of the Abu Nidal Group (otherwise known as the Revolutionary Council of Fatah - was among those reportedly killed. In retaliation for recent Hezbollah attacks on SLA positions, the IAF bombed several Hezbollah-controlled villages on Jan. 4, 1987. Further raids on PLO posts near Sidon were staged on Jan. 9 and 12, and on Jan. 19 the Israeli Navy shelled forward Palestinian positions in Maghdousheh. AMAL-PLO BATTLES OCTOBER 1986 TO JANUARY 1987 Renewed clashed between PLO fighters (mostly members of Al-Fatah loyal to the PLO chairman, Mr. Yassir Arafat) broke out at refugee camps near Tyre and Sidon in mid-October. A ceasefire on Oct. 26 provided for PLO fighters around Sidon to be confined to the Mieh Mieh and Ain al Hilwe refugee camps, with their other positions in the area to be taken over by the local Sunni "Popular Liberation Army" militia, which has stayed neutral in the fighting. In early November, fighting broke out around the Bourj el-Brajneh camp in southern Beirut, spreading to Sabra and Chatila later in the month. PLO fighters made significant gains in renewed fighting east of Sidon on Nov. 21, when they defeated an Amai attack and recaptured some positions currently being held by the Popular Liberation Army. On Nov. 24 the PLO took control of much of Maghdousheh, which had recently been under Amai control. On the same day, Mr. Walid Jumblatt, leader of the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) militia, warned that Druze fighters might intervene to prevent any further PLO gains. Mr. Jumblatt was speaking after returning from a meeting in Damascus, the Syrian capital, with Mr. Bern and Syrian government officials, the PSP had previously given tacit support to the PLO in battles with Amai in 1985. Israeli military officials estimated at the end of 1986 that about 9,000 PLO guerrillas were based in Lebanon, some of whom had returned recently on ferries from Cyprus. The Israeli Navy intercepted a ferry carrying suspected PLO men off Cyprus on Jan. 2, 1987; the ferry was ordered to return to Cyprus. In aparent retaliation for the PLO gains in the south,

DEFEAT OF TAWHEED IN TRIPOLI The Tawheed militia of the Islamic Unification Movement in Tripoli was decisively defeated in late December 1986 in fighting with Syrian troops and members of other rival militias including the Arab Democratic Party, the Lebanese Communist Party, the Syrian National Socialist Party and the Baath Party. The fighting reportedly started on Dec. 18. and ended with Tawheed's defeat. KIDNAPPINGS OF FOREIGNERS EFFORTS TO SECURE RELEASE OF HOSTAGES DISAPPEARANCE OF Mr. TERRY WAITE Mr. Frank Reed, an American teacher and convert to Islam, was kidnapped on Sept. 9. An initial claim that he had been seized by the Al Jihad al-Islami (Islamic Holy War) group was later denied. Al Jihad al-Islami, which held several Westerners hostage, was believed to be controlled by the Mughniyah family, one of whom was among 17 Shia Moslems in prison in Kuwait in connexion with bomb attacks there in 1983. The release of the 17 was frequently reported to be one of the organization's principal demands. Another US convert to Islam, Mr. Joseph Cicippio, an accountant at the American University of Beirut, was seized on Sept. 12. On Sept. 24, the "Islamic Revolutionary Justice Organization" (RJO) announced that it was holding Mr. Cicippio and a Frenchman, Mr. Marcel Coudari, who had not previously been reported as missing.

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The same organization also claimed the kidnap of another American, Mr. Edward Tracey, an author and book salesman, on Oct. 21. Mr. Terry Waite, the special envoy of Dr. Robert Runcie, the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, who had earlier been instrumental in securing the release of several hostages from Lebanon, arrived in Beirut in late October. On Oct. 31 he notified the Western press that he was in the city and that progress was being made towards freeing the hostages. Mr. David Jacobsen, who had been kidnapped in 1985, was released on Nov. 2, following a visit to Damascus on Nov. 1 by Mr. Waite, which coincided with the presence in the Syrian capital of Dr. Alt Akbar Vellayati, the Iranian Foreign Minister. A statement issued by Al Jihad al-Islami on Nov. 2 said that the US government had embarked on "approaches that could lead, if continued, to a solution of the hostage issue." Hojatolislam Hashemi Ali Akbar Rafsanjani, the influential Speaker of the Iranian parliament, stated on Nov. 4 that Iran was willing, under certain conditions, to advise groups holding US hostages to release them, but that the US government must prove it was not hostile to Iran, and must support Lebanese Moslem demands for the release of detainees held in Kuwait, Israel and France. On Nov. 11, two French hostages, Mr. Camille Sontag, kidnapped in 1984, and Mr. Coudari, were freed, apparently from the custody of the RJO. The French Prime Minister, Mr. Jacques Chirac, thanked the Syrian, Saudi Arabian, and Algerian governments for their part in securing the release of the two men. Mr. Aurel Cornea, a French television cameraman seized in March after filming a Hezbollah rally was released on Dec. 24 by the RJO. Mr. Waite arrived in Lebanon for a futher visit on Jan. 12, 1987. The following day, a French photographer, Mr. Roger Auque, was kidnapped shortly after taking pictures of Mr. Waite, and on Jan. 14 a Saudi Arabian diplomat, Mr. Bakr Damanhouri, was also seized. On Jan. 17, the day after the US government announced that it wished to extradite Mr. Mohammed Ali Amadei, who had recently been arrested in West Germany in connection with the hijacking of the TWA airliner to Beirut in June 1985, Herr Rudolf Cordes, a West German businessman, was kidnapped. A second West German, Herr Alfred Schmidt was seized on Jan. 21. The following foreigners were known to be held hostage in Lebanon at this time. Terry Anderson (USA) Kidnapped in March 1985: Marcel Carton (France) Marcel Fontaine (France) Kidnapped in May 1985: Jean-Paul Kauffman (France) Kidnapped in June 1985: Thomas Sutherland (USA) Kidnapped in September 1985: Alberto Molinari (Italy)

Kidnapped in January 1986: Chae Sung-Do (South Korea) Kidnapped in March 1986: Jean-Louis Normandin (France) Kidnapped in April 1986: Brian Keenan (Ireland) John McCarthy (UK) Kidnapped in June 1986: Faik Wareh (USA) Kidnapped in September 1986: Frank Reed (USA) Joseph Cicippio (USA) Kidnapped in October 1986: Edward Tracey (USA) Kidnapped in January 1987: Bakr Damanhouri (Saudi Arabia) Roger Auque (France) Rudolf Cordes (West Germany) Albert Schmidt (West Germany) During the period Jan. 14-19 Mr. Waite held discussions with a number of Moslem political and religious leaders, including Shaikh Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah, the spiritual leader of Hezbollah. He also reportedly made contact with Al Jihad al-Islami. On Jan. 20 Mr. Waite disappeared from public view, ostensibly in order to make further contact with those holding foreign hostages. His failure to reappear over the ensuing weeks led to speculation that he had also been kidnapped, and there were a number of reports to this effect from various Lebanese sources. Several influential figures, including Mr. Jumblatt, whose PSP militia had initially provided security for Mr. Waite, undertook to assist in the search for him. Speaking on Jan. 27, Hojatolislam Rafsanjani also offered to assist, but suggested that Iran would take a more positive stance on this issue if the US government agreed to deliver consignments of weapons which had been paid for by Iran prior to the 1979 revolution and which had subsequently been impounded in the USA. SET OF DEVELOPMENTS 1988-1989 Me. Amin Gemayel's six-year term as Lebanese President ended at midnight on Sept. 22, 1988, without a successor having been elected by the country's legislature, the National Assembly. Gemayel's final act as President was the appointment of an interim military government headed by a Maronite Christian general. Moslem groups rejected the move and pledged support for the government of Dr. Selim al-Hoss, acting Prime Minister since June 1987. The establishment of rival governments raised fears of a resurgence of fighting between Christian and Moslem militias. FIRST UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE PARLIAMENTARY QUORUM IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION SESSION On Aug. 18, 1988, the National Assembly (last elected

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in 1972 but, subsequent elections having been postponed, whose terra had been extended until 1990 in December 1987) failed in its first attempt to achieve a quorum to elect a successor to President Gemayel, who had been elected in 1982. Under the country's unwritten 1943 National Covenant, the office of President was reserved for a Maronite Christian, whilst those of Prime Minister and parliamentary Speaker were reserved for Sunni and Shia Moslems respectively. (The Covenant also provided that there must be six Christians to every five Moslems in the National Assembly). The inevitability of the Assembly's failure to achieve a quorum had become apparent on Aug. 16 after Suleiman Franjieh, Lebanon's President from 1970-76, had announced his candidacy for the forthcoming elections. The Lebanese Forces militia had immediately attacked the move, describing Franjieh as a "confrontational candidate" whose election "would return the country to a climate of war". The commander of the Lebanese Forces, Dr. Samir Geagea, announced that there would not be a quorum in the National Assembly unless and until Franjieh withdrew his candidacy. On Aug. 17, for the first time in some 16 months, Christian and Moslem militias exchanged fire across the "Green Line" separating West and East Beirut. Hence, The Speaker, Hussein al-Husseini, eventually adjourned the Assembly session when, of the 71 deputies present in Lebanon, only 38 (13 short of a quorum) attended for the vote. Hussein al-Husseini (the Speaker) announced on Sept. 12 that a second attempt would be made to elect a successor to President Gemayel on Sept. 22. Unlike the abortive Aug. 18 session, the fresh attempt was scheduled to take place in the original National Assembly building in west Beirut. Husseini's announcement had reportedly been prompted by rumours that President Gemayel was about to announce the formation of a transitional Cabinet, headed by a Christian Prime Minister. Negotiations between Syria and the USA resumed on Sept. 13, after four days of talks both sides agreed to support the candidacy of a Christian deputy, Mr. Michel Daher. Daher's candidacy was immediately rejected by Dr. Geagea and Gen. Aoun. The latter had also been mentioned as a possible presidential candidate, as had Dany Chamoun, president of the right-wing National Liberal Party since 1976, and Raymond Edde, leader of the Christian National Bloc until his self-imposed exile in 1976. In a last attempt to break the deadlock, President Gemayel visited Damascus (the Syrian Capital) on Sept. 21, for talks with President Assad. President Gemayel returned later that day to Bkerke, the winter seat of the (Maronite) Patriarchate of Antioch and all the East, to try to persuade Christian deputies, who had gathered there, that they should no longer defy both

Syria and the USA but should vote for Daher. Dr. Geagea, Gen. Aoun and other Christian leaders (none of whom had been forewarned of Gemayel's visit to Syria) had, however, met in the President's absence and had agreed to denounce the "imposition" of any candidate by the Syrian or US administration. The majority of Christian deputies failed to attend the election session on Sept. 22, having earlier announced that they would not travel over the Green Line into West Beirut to the Assembly building. When it became obvious that only a small number of deputies were likely to attend, the Speaker again adjourned the session. Christian leaders, wary that presidential powers might, by default, fall into the hands of the government of Dr. Hoss when Gemayel left office, immediately entered into negotiations on the formation of a Cabinet under a Maronite Prime Minister who could then be trusted to defend the Christian position until a new president was elected. Both Pierre Helou, a Christian deputy, and Dany Chamoun made unsuccessful attempts to muster the necessary support. In the late evening attempts were even made to persuade Dr. Hoss to head a government with increased Christian representation. Eventualy at 10 minutes to midnight on September 22, President Gemayel issued decrees (No. 5387 and 5388) appointing General Michel Aoun as Prime Minister at the head of a six-member military cabinet (comprising three Christians and three Moslems) as follows: General Michel Aoun Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, and Information, Commander in Chief of the Lebanese Army. Brigadier Issam Abou Jamra Deputy Prime Minister, of P.T.T. and Economy & Trade, Housing and Cooperatives. Brigadier Edgard Maalouf Minister of Health, and Social Affairs, Finance and Petroieum and Industry. Colonel Lutfi Jaber Minister of Justice, Hydraulic and Electrical Energy and Agriculture. General Nabil Koraitem Minister of Interior, Education and Fine Arts, and Foreign Affairs. General Mahmoud Tay Abou Dargham Minister of Tourism, Public Works and Transports, and Labour. On September 23, Col. Lutfi Jaber, Gen. Nabil Koraitem and Gen. Mahmoud Tay Abou Dargham, announced that they would not take up their positions. So their portfolios were assigned to the other three remaining members. Moslem and pro-Syrian groups denounced the appointment as a military coup and statements were issued pledging continued support for the former government led by Dr. Hoss. The Hoss Cabinet had been paralysed since January 1986 after he and his colleagues had imposed a political boycott on President Gemayel. The West Beirut based Hoss Government was

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Druze brigades broke away from Christian-commanded units in East Beirut. Former President Gemayel was reported in early October to be preparing for a period in exile in Europe after the dismantling of his entire power-base and its absorption by the Lebanese Forces militia.

composed as follows: Dr. Selim el Hoss Acting Prime Minister, Minister of Labour, National Education and of Fine Arts. Abdalla al Racy Minister of the Interior. Victor Cassir Minister of Economy and Trade, and of Industry and Oil. Nabih Berri Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources, and of Justice and Minister of State for Reconstruction and Affairs of South Lebanon. Walid Joumblatt Minister of Public Works and Transport and of Tourism. Adel Osseyran Minister of Defence and of Agriculture. Joseph Hachem Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, and of Health and Social Affairs. The Government also comprised former president Camille Chamoun (passed away), Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (passed away) and Mr. Joseph Skaff (resigned Nov. 26, 1987). All the Christian members of the Hoss administration, except for Dr. Abdalla al Racy, resigned their posts and handed their ministries over to Gen. Aoun's new government. Both Gen. Aoun and Dr. Hoss had met with foreign ambassadors on Sept. 26 in an effort to gain international recognition for their respective regimes, but most countries had refrained from siding with either.

ENDING OF BLOCKADE OF PALESTINIAN CAMPS BY AMAL MILITIA EXPULSION OF PRO-ARAFAT GUERRILLAS FROM BEIRUT CAMPS BY "FATAH REBELS" On Jan. 16, 1988, Nabih Berri announced an end to the partial blockade by (Shia) Amai forces of three Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, namely Bourj al-Barajneh and Chatila in southern Beirut and Rashidiyeh in the southern Lebanese port of Tyre. He described the decision as a goodwill gesture in support of the Palestinian uprising (intifada) in the Israeli-occupied territories which had begun in early December 1987. Amai forces withdrew from the fringes of the two Beirut camps on Jan. 20 and from Rashidiyeh four days later. Syrian troops were immediately deployed in their place. The so-called "war of the camps" had started in May 1985 when Amai militia, aided by troops of the mainly Shia Sixth Brigade of the Lebanese Army, overran Chatila's sister camp, Sabra. Amai had launched the offensive, in an attempt to prevent Arafat loyalists reestablishing their Lebanese power base, which had been largely dismantled as a result of the 1982 Israeli invasion. Bourj al-Barajneh, Chatila and Rashidiyeh all came under siege during the second half of 1986. The siege had been partially lifted in early April 1987 following the arrival of a large force of Syrian troops to take responsibility for security in Beirut. In the aftermath of the Syrian intervention, women and children were allowed out of the camps to collect food and medicine. The "war of the camps" had frequently been interrupted by short-term truces and settlements, but observers said that the latest initiative stood a good chance of succeeding because Amai had set no conditions for their witdrawal. Palestinian guerrillas loyal to Yassir Arafat were driven from Chatila and Bouij al-Barajneh camps during the period from April to July 1988 by fighters of the Fatah Revolutionary Council by Col. Saed (Abu) Musa. Fighting between supporters of the two groups had started in Chatila on April 30, a matter of days after a meeting in Damascus between Arafat and President Assad, the first meeting between the two leaders in five years. At first, the fighting favoured the Arafat loyalists and Abu Musa's guerrillas were pushed to the edges of the camps, but subsequent artillery support from troops positioned around the camps bolstered the anti-Arafat forces, and on June 27 the remaining pro-Arafat fighters in Chatila surrendered. The next day, 400 civilians and 96 fighters emerged from Chatila's tunnel networks, to be transported under Libyan escort to camps around Sidon. Both groups

FAILURE TO ELECT PARLIAMENTARY SPEAKER - REMOVAL OF GEN. AOUN AS ARMY C-IN-C BY HOSS GOVERNMENT East Beirut Christian deputies boycotted a special session of the National Assembly called for Oct. 18 to elect a Speaker. Hussein al-Husseini, Speaker since 1984, whose term of office ended on Oct. 18, had insisted that the session should be held in the old parliament building in West Beirut, whereas Christian deputies had argued that the location was unsafe; In the event only 22 deputies, all from the West, attended the session. Those in attendance proposed that Husseini should continue in office until fresh elections were held. Christian deputies denounced this as illegal, arguing that the Constitution required that the office pass provisionally to the oldest surviving deputy. Adel Osseirane, the Defence Minister in the Hoss government, announced on Nov. 9 that the post of Army C.-in-C. (hitherto held by Gen. Aoun) was henceforth "considered vacant"; the Commander's duties would for the time being be carried out by Brig.-Gen. Sami alKhatib. Gen. Aoun's dismissal went some way towards formalizing an existing state of affairs, the Army having been divided on the ground since 1984, when Shia and

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had suffered heavy casualties during the fighting, which had been interpersed with brief periods of ceasefire negotiated by other Palestinian groups, including Abu Musa's "rejectionist" allies, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) and Al-Saiqa. In early July, the fighting shifted to Bourj alBarajneh which fell to Abu Musa's fighters on July 8. The transfer of the remaining pro-Arafat guerrillas to Sidon meant that the PLO leader no longer had a major military presence in the Lebanese capital.

disbanding of the movement's militia in all areas of Lebanon except the south. Amai, he said, would henceforth devote its activities to "political action" and "services", and he requested his militiamen to join Amai 's "regular army". Three leading Amai officials were assassinated in West Beirut on Sept. 22. The three, travelling south on the Awzai-Khaldeh road, were killed outright in a hail of bullets and rocket-propelled grenades. Daoud Daoud, Mahmud Faqih and Hassan Sbaiti were all members of the Amai organization. Daoud and Faqih together constituted the movement's southern leadership. There was a further increase in tension in the south between Amai and Hezbollah in mid-October. Intermittent clashes which broke out in southern Beirut on Nov. 22 after a failed assassination attempt against three Hezbollah officials, soon escalated into serious fighting necessitating a limited intervention by Syrian troops.

OUTBREAK OF HOSTILITIES BETWEEN RIVAL SHIA MILITIAS, AMAL AND HEZBOLLAH ENTRY OF SYRIAN TROOPS INTO SOUTHERN BEIRUT Serious fighting broke out in Beirut's southern suburbs in May 1988 between the two rival Shia militias, Amai and Hezbollah. The fighting ended in late May when Syrian troops, entered the disputed area. Up to 400 people died in the clashes and over 1,000 were wounded. Relations between Amai and Hezbollah had been strained for some time, largely as a result of the increasing support for Hezbollah in the Shia heartlands in southern Lebanon. However, the two sides had not come into direct military conflict until mid-February, when fighting broke out over the kidnapping by a southern-based Hezbollah affiliate of a US Marine. By mid-April Amai had successfully reasserted its dominance in the south by defeating Hezbollah in a series of military engagements. The hostilities began on May 6 when Amai forces attacked Hezbollah strongholds in the sprawling southern Beirut suburbs, known as the "Dahiya". Initially, the fighting appeared to favour the Amai militia and some outlying Hezbollah positions were captured. However, on May 8 Hezbollah, reportedly reinforced by fighters went onto the offensive and by May 13 had seized control of the main airport highway. The next day a large contingent of Syrian troops, supported by tanks, were deployed on the outskirts of the dahiya and over the next few days their entry into the district seemed imminent. The immediate threat of Syrian deployment was reported to have subsided with the start of talks in Beirut between Iranian and Syrian representatives aimed at creating a political framework for anAmal-Hezbollah settlement. The negotiations appeared to collapse on May 24 as Hezbollah fighters seized more territory from Amai in fierce fighting. Talks between Syria and Iran on May 26 resulted in an agreement on the deployment of Syrian troops and Lebanese police in the dahiya. The next day 1,500 Syrian soldiers took up positions throughout the suburb. Fighters from both militias were ordered to withdraw from all areas except along the Green Line. Reports claimed that most militiamen merely hid their weaponry and remained in position. On May 31 both groups agreed to exchange prisoners. On June 3, Nabih Berri, the Amai leader, announced the

FOREIGN HOSTAGE DEVELOPMENTS ABDUCTIONS AND RELEASES The issue of foreign hostages held in Lebanon continued to dominate Western media coverage of Lebanon during 1988. Reports of secret negotiations between various Western governments and Iran and Syria were frequently published, as were speculative articles on alleged sightings and release dates. For their part, the Iranian and Syrian governments both issued statements during 1988 pledging to work towards the release of all hostages held in Lebanon. In late July the Iranian government announced that it was willing to use its influence to obtain the release of US hostages, if the US administration freed Iranian assets frozen since 1979 (an offer quickly rejected by the US government). At the beginning of July various threats had been made to the lives of the US hostages following the shooting down of an Iranian airliner by a US cruiser on July 3. By the end of 1991 all hostages in Lebanon had been released. ARAB EFFORTS FOR PEACE On January 12, 1989 an extraordinary Conference was held in Tunis by Arab League Ministers of Foreign Affairs to examine the Lebanese problem, and decided the formation of a committee from seven Arab Countries for this purpose. They held discussions in Tunis on the 30th with Gen. Michel Aoun, Dr. Selim Hoss and Hussein el Husseini. Failure on any agreement, the committee decided to contact other Lebanese personalities. On the 19th February religious Lebanese leaders went to Kuwait for a consertation with the committee. On the local scene, on the 10th, 14th and 15th February following a tension between the Lebanese Forces and the Lebanese Army, clashes took place and by the 16th more than 70 were dead and over 200 wounded. Intense mediations succeeded in bringing about a cease fire and a general normalization followed in the next few days.

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In early March (6th), the Lebanese Army imposed a surveillance on the territorial waters and forbade any ship to dock in illegal ports in the country, creating a tension between Gen. Aoun's Government and the Hoss Government. On 11th March the Beirut Airport and passages between the two sectors of Beirut closed and the situation deteriorated. On March 14, heavy shelling started between East and West Beirut and culminated in an all out firing without discrimination in Beirut and the Mountains in addition to a sea blocade of the Eastern Sector of Beirut. On the 11th May Arab League efforts succeeded in setting up a cease fire on the ground, but the Sea blocade remained in force. On the 23rd May the Heads of Arab States held a summit at Casablanca to find again a solution to the Lebanese problem. After 4 days of debate the Casablanca Summit replaced the previous Committee by a tripartite Committee composed of King Hassan II of Morocco, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and Chadii Bendjedid of Algeria. Mr. Lakhdar Ibrahimi represented the Arab Committee in négociations with the different parties involved in the conflict. However bombardement continued with intensity mainly on the Souk el Gharb mountain front. Finally an official general ceasefire came into effect on the 22nd September (after vast damages and at a cost of hundreds of lives). Propositions for peace in Lebanon advanced by the Arab Committee and its representative Mr. Lakhdar Ibrahimi, were accepted in principle and the Lebanese Deputies have agreed to meet in Taef, Saudi Arabia, for a debate of this project which was prepared by the Committee of the three Heads of Arab States. The Conference actually opened on September 30 and after 22 days of debate, 58 deputies out of the 62 present, approved the final text which has became to be known as the "Taef Agreement". Prime Minister General Aoun rejected outright the Agreement and thousands of demonstrators assembled at Baabda's Palace in support of General Aoun's stand. Notwithstanding what preceded the Arab Committee pressed the Chamber of Deputies to elect a President of the Republic before the 7th November 1989. On the 4th of November Prime Minister General Aoun dissolved the Chamber of Deputies. However, disregarding General Aoun's decision, the deputies meeting at Kleyate on 5th November 1989 elected Mr. Rene Mouawad President of the Republic. He remained in office only 17 days when on Indépendance Day, the 22nd of November, he was assassinated by a bomb explosion. On the 24th November, the Chamber of Deputies in Chtaura elected Mr. Elias Hraoui as President of the Republic and simultaneously the Assembly renewed also its mandate for a further four years. The next day President Hraoui appointed Dr. Selim Hoss to form the Cabinet. Selim Hoss Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Michel Sassine

Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Labour. Nazih Bizri Minister of Economy and Trade. Georges Saade Minister of Posts and Telecommunications. Edmond Rizk Minister of Justice and Information Ali el-Khalil Minister of Finance. Souren Khanamirian Minister of Industry and Petroleum. Abdallah Racy Minister of Health, Social Affairs and Tourism. Nabih Berri Minister of Hydraulic Resources, Housing and Cooperatives. Walid Joumblatt Minister of Public Works and Transportation. Elias el-Khazen Minister of the Interior. Albert Mansour Minister of National Defence. Mohsen Dalloul Minister of Agriculture. Omar Karameh Minister of Education and Fine Arts. Political tension grew during the following months, and the President of the Republic had on several occasions asked General Aoun to step down and join the peace initiative as observed by the Taef Agreement. However, these propositions were rejected by General Aoun, until finally the President and the newly formed Government took the decision to terminate General Aoun's rebellion by force, and on the 13th October 1990, an attack was launched by the Army under the command of General Emile Lahoud with the help of the Syrian Army against the stronghold of General Michel Aoun. Within few hours, General Aoun left the Palace at Baabda and took refuge in the nearby area of Mar Takla at the French Embassy where he was granted political asylum. However, the Lebanese Government refused to allow his departure from Lebanon until the Ministry of Justice studied his case. On the 21st of October 1990, Mr. Dany Chamoun, leader of the National Liberal Party was assassinated with his family at his home at Baabda. On the 16th October Mr. Hussein el Husseini was elected Speaker of the National Assembly and Mr. Michel Maalouli as Deputy-Speaker. In the following days, the Government took the decision to form Greater Beirut, and decided to appoint Minister of Defence Mr. Albert Mansour and Minister of Agriculture Mr. Mohsen Dalloul to negotiate with all warring parties in Lebanon an agreement to implement this decision. This was successfully accepted by the parties concerned to form Greater Beirut from the Damour River in the South to the Dog River in the North free of the Military presence of the Militias, and under the sole command of Legal Authorities. This step was achieved and effectively took place on the 3rd of December 1990. On December 19, 1990, Dr. Selim el Hoss tendered his resignation which was accepted by the President of the

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Republic, and who after consultations, appointed Mr. Omar Karame to form the new Government. On December 24 a new Government of 30 ministers was born. In 1991 further steps were taken to implement the Taef Agreement. Dissolution of the militias and remittance of their weapons; closure of illegal ports; army sent to the major part of the Country to maintain order. A treaty of friendship, cooperation and co-ordination with Syria was ratified in May by the Parliament. 40 new parliamentarians were appointed in June in accordance with the Taef Agreement. On August 29, 1991 General Michel Aoun left the French Embassy in Beirut to France where he has been accorded political asylum. On October 30, Lebanon along with other Arab Countries was present at the Peace Conference on the Middle East in Madrid, Spain.

After forming his cabinet in October of 1992, Mr. Hariri quickly moved to tackling policy issues. On the socio-political side, he formed a Ministry for the Affairs of the Displaced, which is helping to bring tens of thousands of displaced Lebanese back to their villages and neighborhoods. On the 17th of December 1992, following the Israeli expulsion of some 400 Palestinians towards Lebanon, Prime Minister Hariri refused their entry into Lebanese territories. The firm decision was based on the belief that any lenience by the Lebanese government will encourage Israel's policy of expulsion. In order to rebuild the country, which having survived sixteen years of war, had been physically destroyed, institutionally thrown in chaos, and socially torn apart, the cabinet has set for itself social and development goals which it is actively pursuing to restore Lebanon to its Middle Eastern role and its financial market. Reshaping the Lebanese educational system and restoring its infrastructure are among the first steps that the government is undertaking. In that domain, the government is tackling several issues, among which are electricity, telecommunication, and transport. In May of 1994, the cabinet authorised the formation of SOLIDERE, a private company, and charged it with the reconstruction of the Beirut City Center. During the months which followed a certain betterment has been noticed in most fields of life whether financial, social or economical. Several foreign delegations visited Lebanon with a view to reestablish their interest in the country. In 1995, still further steps have been taken by the Hariri Government to enhance confidence in the ability of the country to reaffirm itself on the regional and international scene, and bring about internal stability socially and economically. The Lebanese currency has been stabilized, inflation has been partly stemmed, the rehabilitation of the infrastructure is under way, and the downtown city of Beirut which has been destroyed in the war years is becoming one of the world's largest construction sites. At the same time the government pursued the return of displaced persons throughout the war years, to their homes and villages. Lebanon debuted into international financial markets with the first issue of Eurobonds. On the 22nd January 1996 the Beirut Stock Exchange has re-opened after fifteen years of interruption. During his tenure as Prime Minister, Mr. Hariri has already met with such western leaders as Pope John Paul II, President Bill Clinton, late President Francois Mitterand, President Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister Tansu Ciller, Prime Minister John Major, President Ion Iliescu, Prime Minister Nicolae Vacaroiu, President Femando Henrique Cardoso, Chancellor Helmut Kohl and President Carlos Menem. In October 1995, the term (originally six years) of the President of the Republic H.E. President Elias Hraoui has

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Early in 1992, the economy in bad shape, and the cost of living worsening, several strikes took place, and prompted the government of Mr. Omar Karame to resign on May 6. On May 13, Mr. Rachid Solh formed a new government of 24 ministers. On June 8, the Kataeb Party held elections and two main candidates were disputing the Presidency of the Party. Mr. Georges Saade won the Presidency by 60 votes against 53 votes to Mr. Samir Geagea, for a three-year period. In the south, Israeli agressions were again noted throughout the year. On the security scene further steps were taken to rid the country of illegal ownership of military equipment and arms, and recuperate illegally occupied government property and buildings all over the country. On the political scene, to implement the treaty of friendship and cooperation with Syria, in 1992 the President of the Republic had several summit meetings with President Hafez Assad. Officials from both countries have regularly met for the same purpose. The major event, however, was the Parliamentary elections which were held on the 23rd and 30th August, 6 September and 11th October after 20 years. Previous elections were held in 1972. 128 members were elected by the people for a period of 4 years. At its first meeting on October 20, Mr. Nabih Berri was elected speaker and Mr. Elie Ferzli deputy speaker of the Chamber of Deputies. Ai the same time the government took serious steps for the return of displaced persons throughout the war years, to their homes and villages. Moreover plans were accepted for the reconstruction of the Center of Beirut which has been destroyed during the war of more than 17 years as well as other areas throughout the country. In October, Mr. Rachid Solh tendered his resignation and Mr. Rafie Hariri was appointed Prime Minister and formed a government of 30 ministers on October 31,1992.

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Another distinguished call of importance was the three days visit in June by His Highness Heir Apparent Prince Abdallah Ben Abdelaziz of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. On July 30 the Secretary of State announced the lift of the restriction imposed on Americans wishing to visit Lebanon, and on Septemper 15th, 1997 U.S. Secretary of State Mrs. Madeleine Albright visited Lebanon during her tour in the Middle East. In March 1998, in a tour in the Middle East, the Secretary General of the United Nations, Mr. Kofi Annan visited Lebanon. On the 15th October 1998 the parliament has elected General Emile Lahoud, President of the Republic, who took office on 24 November. On December 4, 1998 Dr. Selim Hoss was named Prime Minister. A 16-member Cabinet was formed. In 1999 Saudi Arabia's heir apparent Prince Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz, and King Abdullah II of Jordan visited Lebanon in addition to several other distingued personalities. In February 2000, President Mubarak of Egypt visited Beirut and, for the first time, the foreign ministers of the Arab League held their conference in Beirut. Following continued resistance in the South, the Israeli Government took the decision to withdraw from South Lebanon by July 7. However, the Israelis evacuated South Lebanon on May 24, 2000; the following day Lebanon has declared an Official National Celebration. The UN Security Council on June 18 agreed to endorse UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's verification that Israel had withdrawn its forces from Lebanon in accordance with Security Council Resolution 425. Annan visited Lebanon on June 19-20, but left without the agreement of the Lebanese government that Israel's withdrawal from the south was complete. On July 28 UN peacekeeping troops deployed in the border area of South Lebanon. In the following months new parliamentary elections were held on the 27th August and 3rd September 2000 and a new assembly of 128 members was elected. On Oct. 23 President Emile Lahoud appointed Rafie Hariri as Prime Minister designate following the strong support he had received in the two rounds of voting in the general election. Hariri's appointment was supported by 106 of 128 new members of the National Assembly. Hariri announced his new Cabinet on Oct. 26, 2000. In November tension in Shebaa Farms, a disputed area occupied by Israel, mounted between the Israeli forces and Lebanese Hezbollah guerilla. On Jan. 30 the UN Security Council approved resolution 1337 (2001) which extended the mandate of the Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) until July 31, 2001. On July 31 it was extended to Jan. 31, 2002. The UN Security Council on Jan. 28,2002 approved Resolution 1391 (2002) extending the mandate till July 31, 2002. On February 27, 2001, Prime Minister Hariri headed the Lebanese delegation to the second Friends of Lebanon conference at the Elysee Palace in Paris under the auspices

been exceptionally extended for a period of three more years. South Lebanon was still under Israeli occupation. Ten percent of its land was occupied by Israeli troops. On April 11, 1996, operation "Grapes of Wrath" was launched by the Israelis on south Lebanon, in retaliation to continued resistance. The military operation was mainly conducted by air and sea and, far away across the border-heavy artillery, on villages of the South and parts of the West Bekaa and even on Beirut where electrical energy installations have been damaged. The attack which continued for several days, has resulted in an exodus of more than 400,000 people from the Southern areas of Lebanon to more secure places, and left behind it more than 165 dead and over 350 injured, mostly civilians, in addition to vast damages in communications & housing in many villages, and worldwide consternation to the massacres perpetrated (mainly in Cana and Nabatieh area). Government swift initiative prompted Prime Minister Mr. Rafie Hariri to visit heads of States in more than one country and several Prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers visited Lebanon for the same purpose (Russian, French, European Community and U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher) who held several meetings with top Lebanese, Syrian and Israeli Officials in Beirut, Damascus and Israel to bring about a solution to the conflict. At the same time at the request of Lebanon an urgent session of the League of Arab States has been held and an urgent session of the U.N. General Assembly has been called; on April 22, 1996 the President of the Republic H.E. Elias Hraoui left to the U.N. in New York and delivered a speech to the U.N. General Assembly and met with President Clinton. The purpose of all these efforts was to stop all military action by the Israelis against Lebanon. On the other hand, to help the large number of the displaced people, the government and welfare organizations were mobilised in the country; also relief to the displaced came from Arab Countries, Europe and the Americas. Finally, an "understanding" was reached by the Lebanese. Government, Syria and Israel to stop all military action in Lebanon on April 26, 1996 and a ceasefire took effect on April 27 at 4 a.m. and an International monitoring group was established comprising France, U.S.A., Israel, Lebanon and Syria to supervise the ceasefire. In the following months new parliamentary elections were held on the 18th, 25th August, 1st, 8th and 15th September 1996 and a new Assembly of 128 members was elected. Following which as is the custom, the Prime Minister presented his resignation and he was reappointed on 7th November 1996 to form a new Government. In December, "Friends of Lebanon" conference in Washington took place. The parliament has been active in inacting and or amending several laws during the last four years under the Speaker Mr. Nabih Bern. In 1997, the main event was the visit of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to Lebanon on 10th and 11th May 1997.

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Wazzani springs, near the Israeli border. The opening ceremony was attended by senior UN and EU officials. On November 23, 2002, President Jacques Chirac of France hosted the "Paris II" meeting at the Elysee Palace, entitled: "After Construction and Recovery, Toward Sustainable Development" (for more details, see Paris II). On February 19, 2003, Syrian troops based in North Lebanon began pulling out, the first step in the planned withdrawal of some 4000 soldiers from the country. On May 3, 2003, US Secretary of State Gen. (retd) Colin Powell visited Lebanon for talks with senior Lebanese officials, including President Emile Lahoud, Prime Minister Rafie al-Hariri, Speaker of the Lebanese legislature Nabih Berri, and Lebanese Foreign Minister Jean Obeid. Powell had earlier that day held talks in Damascus, the capital of Syria, with the Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The Lebanese leadership had on May 1 conferred with visiting Syrian Foreign Minister Farouk alShara about the forthcoming Powell visit. During his talks with the Lebanese leadership, Powell reiterated the US government's concerns about "the continuing terrorist activities of Hezbollah in the region and around the world" and called for the party to end its armed resistance along the border with Israel and for the Lebanese army to be deployed there. President Lahoud insisted that Lebanese troops were already stationed within 10km of the border and reiterated his long-held view that if they were sent to patrol the border itself they were likely to be drawn into an engagement with the Israelis. On the question of the Syrian military presence in Lebanon, Powell simply remarked that the USA supported "an independent Lebanon free from all foreign forces". For his part, Lahoud repeated the Lebanese position that the Syrian military presence was "legitimate", was governed by a Syrian-Lebanese agreement, and reflected Syria's legitimate strategic concerns. On May 12-14, 2003, President Seyyed Mohammed Khatami of Iran paid an official visit to Lebanon. It was the first visit to Lebanon by an Iranian Head of State since 1979 Islamic Revolution. During his visit, Khatami implicitly praised Hezbollah, saying that continuous resistance symbolizes Lebanon and that one people has worked for sovereignty and independence and will continue do do so. On January 29-30, 2004, a long-awaited prisoner exchange between Israel and the Lebanese Hezbollah led to the release of 427 Palestinian, Lebanese, and other Arabs, two Lebanese party leaders, an Israeli army reservist, and the bodies of 59 Hezbollah fighters and three Israelis soldiers. Israel also provided information on 24 Lebanese who had gone missing during Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon and maps of landmines planted in southern Lebanon. The complex exchange was carried out in 2 stages in Germany and in the Palestinian territories brokered by German intelligence agents. On May 31, 2004, 2 new companies, Detecon and

of French President Jacques Chirac. The conference was dubbed the Paris I meeting (for more details, see Paris I). On March 1, 2001 the publicly funded Tele-Liban television station was closed for three months the station was reopened again. On April 15, 2001 Israel carried out an air attack on a Syrian radar station in Lebanon which sparked fears of a wider escalation of violence. This kind of attack was repeated on July 1, 2001. Between June 14-18 Syria withdraw number of troops from the capital Beirut and redeployed eastward to the Bekaa Valley. After Sept. 11 attacks on New York and Washington, the US State Department announced that the Lebanese government should freeze the assets of Hezbollah, Shi'ite Muslim group that had long fought against Israel's occupation of southern Lebanon. The government on Nov. 8 announced that it would not agree to US request to freeze assets belonging to Hezbollah. The Lebanese government refused to act against Hezbollah, claiming that the group's resistance to Israel was legitimate, as long as Israel occupied Arab land. Lebanon and the European Union (EU) signed an association agreement on Jan 10, 2002 as part of the EU's long-tem strategy of establishing Euro-Mediterranean free trade zone by 2010. On Feb. 1, 2002 the government launched a new 10 % value added tax (VAT). On March 3,2002 Syrian President Bachar al-Assad made a historic visit to Lebanon (separately discussed) and held talks with the Lebanese President which was followed with a Higher SyrianLebanese Council meeting. On March 27-28, 2002 the Lebanese capital, Beirut, hosted the 14th Ordinary Session of the League of Arab States (separately discussed). On April 15, US Secretary of State Colin Powell visited Lebanon, in a tour to the Middle East in order to reach an Israeli-Palestinian cease-fire. Powell expressed his worry concerning the continued attacks by Hezbollah fighters along the border with Israel in southern Lebanon. But Lebanese leaders told Powell that Hezbollah was resisting Israeli occupation of Shebaa Farms and called on the United States to be more objective and realistic in its dealings with the Arab world and Middle East crisis. On September 5, 2002, US envoy, David Satterfield, visited Lebanon. During his short visit to Beirut, Satterfield had called on Syria to rein in Hezbollah to avoid provocations and escalations that could increase tension along the Lebanon-Israel border. On September 5, 2002, the Lebanese authorities closed down Murr Television (MTV) and Radio Mount Lebanon on the grounds that they had broadcast propaganda during a recent by-election in Metn, which had been won by the stations' majority shareholder, Gabriel al-Murr. On October 16, 2002, President Emile Lahoud officially inaugurated the controversial pumping station at

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the powerful Shi'ite Muslim movement. The political consequence of such assassination imputed to the Syrian Secret Services had immediate consequences, with the retreat under the international pressure of the Syrian troops still deployed in the country of the Cedar in strict conformity with resolution 1559 of the United Nations as well as with the legal elections which brought to victory the anti-Syrian political Parties. Syrian troops and intelligence officials completed their withdrawal from Lebanon on April 26, 2005 bowing to international pressure in the aftermath of the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri in Beirut (the Lebanese capital) on Feb. 14. On April 7, the UN Security Council approved Resolution 1595 (2005) which noted "with concern" the findings of the UN fact-finding mission into the Feb. 14 assassination of Rafiq al-Hariri and decided to establish an international independent investigation Commission based in Lebanon to assist the Lebanese authorities in their investigation of all aspects of the assassination, including to help identify its perpetrators, sponsors, organizers and accomplices. As a matter of fact, Cedar Revolution has become the most commonly used name for the chain of demonstrations and popular civic action in Lebanon (mainly Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri on February 14, 2005. The primary goals of the original activists were the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon, the establishment of an international Commission to investigate the assassination of Prime Minister Hariri, the resignation of security officials, and the organization of free parliamentary elections. On February 21, 2005 tens of thousands of Lebanese protestors held a rally at the site of the assassination, calling for an end of Syrian occupation and blaming Syria and the pro-Syrian President Emile Lahoud for the murder. In the subsequent weeks, nearly every Monday, a demonstration has been held at Beirut's Martyrs Square (also referred to by protestors as "Liberty Square"), in addition to the constant daily gathering of Lebanese there. The demonstrators requested the end of the Syrian influence in Lebanese politics. During the period of the first wave of demonstrations, Syria had been maintaining a force of 14,000 soldiers and intelligence agents in Lebanon. Following the demonstrations, the Syrian troops completely withdrew from Lebanon on April 27,2005. On March 14, 2005 the one-month anniversary of the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, hundreds of thousands of confessionally diverse Lebanese, including significant numbers of Christians, Druze, Shiites and Sunni Muslims, rallied in central Beirut on Monday chanting "Freedom, Sovereignty, Independence" and carrying a huge Lebanese flag. On March 19, 2005, a blast shook the northern suburb of New Jdeideh, a part-residential, part-commercial area, injuring 11 people.

MTC took the cellular field in Lebanon replacing the 2 old companies Libancell and Cellis. On June 3,2004, OPEC held its 131st conference in the capital, Beirut. The main discussions concentrated on the possible solutions for decreasing the high fuel prices in the market. On July 25, 2004, Iraqi Prime Minister, Dr. lyad Allawi, visited Lebanon and held talks with high-ranking Lebanese officials. During his visit, Allawi discussed with his Lebanese counterpart, Hariri, bilateral relations in oil, gas, transport and currency exchange sectors. Allawi also said, to the reporters in Beirut, that his country would not normalize relations with Israel before other Arab countries did so as part of a comprehensive Middle East settlement. On Sept. 3, 2004, early in the morning (at 3:00AM Beirut Time), UN Security Council approved Resolution 1559 (2004) (for full text, see Resolution 1559) which calls for the respect of Lebanon's sovereignty, the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon, and its support for a free and fair electoral process in Lebanon's presidential elections conducted according to the Lebanese constitutional rules devised without foreign interference or influence. On Sept. 3, 2004, in the evening (at 6:00PM Beirut Time), the members of the Lebanese Parliament have amended Article 49 of the Constitution, whereby extending the term of President Emile Lahoud for a further 3 years ending in on Nov. 23, 2007. The assassination of the previous Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri in Beirut on the 14th of February 2005, has been a turning point in the history of modern Lebanon. Thus, Rafiq al-Hariri, the former Prime Minister of Lebanon and the architect of the country's reconstruction, was assassinated on Feb. 14 in a massive car bomb explosion. The bomb exploded close to his convoy as it drove through the Ain al-Muraisa district of the capital, Beirut. As many as 16 others were killed in the blast, including a number of al-Hariri's bodyguards, and a further 135 people were injured. Whilst an unknown Islamist group claimed responsibility for the attack, Lebanese opposition politicians said that they held both the proSyrian administration and the Syrian government responsible for al-Hariri's death. Since his resignation as Prime Minister in October 2004, al-Hariri was reported to have become increasingly critical of the Syrian military presence in Lebanon. President Bashar al-Assad of Syria called the killing "a horrendous criminal act" and urged the Lebanese to "reject those seeking discord". The government of Prime Minister Omar Karami resigned on Feb. 27, bowing to the demands of thousands of demonstrators who had that day congregated in Martyrs' Square . During early March, anti-Syrian protesters maintained a heavy presence in Martyr's Square in central Beirut, whilst the Lebanese opposition, who had successfully forced the collapse of the pro-Syrian government of Umar Karami in late February, intensified appeals to Hezbollah,

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On March 27,2005, a large bomb exploded in a mostly Christian suburb of Beirut. On April 18, 2005, former Minister of Economy and Trade Bassel Fleihan died in Paris, finally succumbing to injuries sustained in the February 14th, 2005 blast. Fleihan was sitting beside Hariri when the explosion occurred; although his survival was heralded as a miracle, he suffered severe bums over 95% of his body. Fleihan is the second major public figure to have been killed by the bombing. On May 6, 2005, twenty-two people were wounded in an attack in Jounieh, north of Beirut. A Court in Beirut on May 4,2005 dropped all charges against the former army commander, General Michel Aoun, thereby facilitating his return from exile in France. General Aoun, a Maronite, had launched an unsuccessful "war of liberation" against Syrian forces in Lebanon in the late 1980. Syrian troops overthrew his self-declared "government" in October 1990 and he was exiled to France in August 1991. On June 2, 2005, after a long period without attacks, a car bomb in a mostly Christian part of Beirut kills Samir Kassir, a leading Lebanese journalist who wrote for the An-Nahar newspaper. Samir Kassir was also one of the founders of the Democratic Left Movement. On June 21, 2005 Georges HAWI , a former secretary general of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) and a prominent antisyrian was killed when his car was blown up near his home. Elias Murr, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence, was wounded in an assassination attempt on July 12, 2005. On July 18, 2005, the National Assembly approved a law pardoning Samir Geagea, the former leader of the Lebanese Forces. On August 22, 2005 a bomb exploded in the largely Christian Zalka neighborhood of north Beirut. The spate of bomb attacks largely in Christian areas continued till the end of year 2005. Thus, in September 2005 the car of May Shidiac, a very well-known television news reporter was exploded. She survived the attack but lost a leg and an arm. Jibran Tueni, a politician and the editor and publisher of the liberal newspaper An Nahar, was killed by a roadside bomb in the east Beirut suburb of Mkalles on December 12, 2005. The final three rounds of voting in elections to the National Assembly (the unicameral legislature) took place on June 5, June 12, and June 19. The first round of voting (in the capital, Beirut) had taken place on May 29 and all 19 seats had been won by the Future Movement bloc of former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri, who had been assassinated on Feb. 14, 2005. The full allocation of seats announced by the Interior Ministry on June 21 showed that the "anti-Syrian opposition", comprising Future Movement, Democratic Gathering, Lebanese Forces, Qurnet Shahwan, and other smaller political blocs, had won 72 seats, providing it with an eight-seat majority in the 128-member Assembly, but short of the two-thirds

majority that would have allowed for the election of a new President. Following elections to the National Assembly (the unicameral legislature) and the appointment of Fuad Siniora as the new Prime Minister in June, a new government was announced on July 19. Detlev Mehlis, the (German) head of the UN Commission investigating the Feb. 14 assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri, delivered his preliminary report to UN Secretary-General Kofi Anan on Oct. 20. Mehlis's report was highly critical of the Syrian government for its lack of co-operation and stated that "there is probable cause to believe" that senior Syrian officials were involved in al-Hariri's death. The UN Commission investigating the assassination in February of former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri on Dec. 5 began questioning five Syrian officials in the Austrian Capital, Vienna. On Dec. 12 the head of the Commission, Detlev Mehlis, presented his latest report to the UN Security Council Some 800,000 people packed into Martyrs' Square in central Beirut on Feb. 14, 2006 to mark the first anniversary of the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri. It was the biggest gathering in Lebanon since a street uprising (the "Cedar Revolution") in the wake of al-Hariri's death forced the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon after a 29-year occupation. Serge Brammertz, Commissioner of the UN International Independent Investigation Commission (UIC) into the assassination of former lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri, issued a progress report on March 14, 2006. Brammertz had succeeded Detlev Mehlis as Commissioner in January. Brammertz said that the Syrian government had improved its co-operation with his inquiry and confirmed that President Bashar al-Assad of Syria had agreed to meet with investigators. UIC investigators had announced in January that they wanted to meet with President Assad. The UN Security Council on March 29 approved Resolution 1664 (2006), which called for the establishment of "a tribunal of international character" to try those found responsible for the assassination of alHariri. The resolution requested that UN SecretaryGeneral Kofi Annan negotiates an agreement with the government of Lebanon aimed at establishing such a tribunal. Serge Brammertz, Commissioner of the UN International Independent Investigation Commission (UIC) into the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri, interviewed President Bashar al-Assad of Syria in Damascus, the Syrian capital, on April 25, 2006. The economic impact of that assassination, important during the first months which followed has diminished later on. Rafiq Hariri was assassinated significantly in the heart of Beirut renovated by him and emerging from the ruins of the Civil war, constituted, thanks to his fortune and his power, a guarantee for Lebanon.

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bombing sorties across Lebanon, especially targeting transportation infrastructure. Israel says these missions are essential for weakening Hezbollah's rocket-launching capability. Meanwhile, Hezbollah has engaged in artillery rocket bombardment of Israel's northern cities and towns, including Haifa. The Lebanese government has disavowed Hezbollah's actions while urgently calling for international peacemakers to end the conflict by enforcing an immediate ceasefire. The conflict has caused a heavy civilian death toll, widespread damage, large-scale displacement of populations and the disruption of normal life across most of Lebanon and northern Israel. The attacks on civilian population centers and infrastructure by both sides have sparked sharp criticism internationally. Strikes on Lebanon's civilian population and infrastructure include Beirut airport, residential buildings, clearly marked ambulances, fleeing civilians prominently waving white flags, United Nations posts and personnel, ports, a lighthouse, bridges, roads, factories, medical and relief trucks, mobile telephone and television stations, fuel containers and service stations, and the country's largest dairy farm LIBAN LAIT. UN personnel were subjected to dozens of attacks and near missiles from both sides during the present conflict, most prominently the 25 July Israeli bombing of a UNTSO position, which killed four UNTSO unarmed observers (Austrian, Canadian, Chinese and Finnish). International reactions to the conflict have included widespread concern over current damage and over the possible escalation of the crisis, as well as mixed support and criticism of both Hezbollah and Israel. A number of nations, including the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Canada, have asserted Israel's right to selfdefense. Still others have criticized Israel's response, which they fear may lead to war. However, France has distanced itself and demanded an immediate cease-fire. On 30 July 2006, an Israeli airstrike hit a residential building in Qana that housed refugees, which Israel said was near Hezbollah rocket launching sites; 60 people died, including 37 children. Consequent to the second Qana incident, the Israeli Defense Forces have announced that they will suspend their air operations over southern Lebanon for 48 hours, effective immediately, in order to allow the United Nations to coordinate humanitarian efforts on the ground in southern Lebanon . On 4 August, the United States and France proposed a United Nations Security Council ceasefire resolution that calls for the disarmament of all groups in Lebanon besides the Lebanese Army and an international force that would protect the border with Israel. Lebanon has rejected the proposed resolution, as it does not call for immediate Israeli withdrawal from Southern Lebanon, nor for an immediate ceasefire. On 11 August 2006, the United Nations Security

The political uncertainty have changed the decisions of the investors particularly in the construction field, which explains part of the slowness of the activity of the country. The touristic sector suffered from the above assassination and from the attempts at crime which succeeded in Beirut since that day. During the first months of year 2005, the number of tourists has decreased compared to that of 2004. The decrease of the activity has reduced the tax income for the government and the increase of the oil prices has contributed to the deficit of the lebanese commercial balance. The decrease of the incomes has created a temporary deficit of the balance of payments but the situation has improved by the end of year 2005. As a sign of the partial restoration of the confidence, an obligatory emission of 800 millions US Dollars was realized with success by the Ministry of Finance in October 2004. Lebanon remains penalized by the importance of its debt which is about 40 billions US Dollars which means 170 % more than the GPD. Supported in the past by France, which led the initiative of the reimbursement of this debt through a schedule of payments (taken into account the personal relation existing between President Jacques CHIRAC and the late Prime Minister Rafiq HARIRI).A conference of economic support was organized in Washington at the beginning of year 2006. The target of the Lebanese Government was to obtain a reduction of the level of indebtness to 110 % or 120 % of the GPD and to stabilize the growth to more than 3 % during the 5 coming years. On 12 July 2006, Hezbollah initiated Operation Truthful Promise, consisting of a cross-border raid resulting in the capture of two Israeli soldiers and shelling into Israel. Hezbollah's attack was named after a "promise" by its leader Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah to capture Israeli soldiers and swap them for Samir Kuntar and other Lebanese prisoners held by Israel. Israel then responded with Operation Just Reward, later renamed Operation Change of Direction. Israel's strike has included massive bombing raids by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), an air and Israeli Sea Corps naval blockade of Lebanon (especially southern Lebanon and Beirut), a force of tanks and armored personnel carriers, and some small raids into southern Lebanon by IDF ground troops. This is how the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict started which resulted in a series of ongoing military actions and clashes in northern Israel and Southern Lebanon between the lebanese political party Hezbollah's armed wing and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Early on 13 July 2006, Israel sent IDF jets to bomb the runaways of Beirut International airport near Beirut, forcing its closure and diverting its arriving flights to Cyprus. Israel imposed an air and sea blockade on Lebanon, and has bombed the main Beirut-Damascus highway. The Israeli Air Force has carried out nearly 2,000

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Council unanimously approved UN Security Council Resolution 1701, in an effort to end the hostilities. On 12 August, the Lebanese government and Hezbollah approved the resolution, the same day, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said that his militia would honor the call for a cease-fire. He also said that once the Israeli offensive stops, Hezbollah's reaction will stop and on 13 August the Israeli government did the same. A ceasefire, guided by the resolution and accepted by both Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, took effect on 14 August at 8:00 AM local time

new accomplished fact that will undermine the prospects of a just, comprehensive and permanent peace in accordance with the Madrid Conference formula and based on UN Security Council resolutions, especially resolutions 194, 242, 338 and 425. They said any settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict should "ensure the liberation of all occupied Arab territories and guarantee the right of the Palestinian people to return to their homeland and to establish an independent state with Jerusalem as its capital". Also, Syrian President Bashar Assad said on that day that, due to his country's belief in the importance of strengthening the distinguished Syrian-Lebanese relations and turning them into an example to be followed by Arab countries, he has decided to: 1. Remove all difficulties and restrictions, which the Lebanese side has previously raised to facilitate and develop the exchange of national products between the two countries. 2. Agree to a Lebanese proposal to build a dam on the Orontes River and endorse a project that would be aimed at establishing a joint dam on the northern Nahr al-Kabir. 3. Reconsider the question of scheduling debts accruing from Electricite du Liban starting from Jan. 1, 2003, and exempt Lebanon from 50 percent of the total amount. 4. Reconsider the price of Syrian gas sold to Lebanon in light of suggestions presented by the Lebanese side. 5. Cooperate with the Lebanese government to encourage agriculture in general and the planting of cotton in Akkar and the Bekaa and taking all necessary measures in this direction. 6. Consider the possibility of establishing a joint weaving and spinning factory in Akkar, as well as a joint tobacco and tambac factory in the Bekaa and two joint oil refineries in Tripoli and the South.

PARIS I On February 27, 2001, Prime Minister Hariri headed the Lebanese delegation to the second Friends of Lebanon conference at the Elysee Palace in Paris under the auspices of French President Jacques Chirac. The conference was dubbed the Paris I meeting. This meeting was attended, in addition to Prime Minister hariri and President Chirac, by EU Commissioner Romano Prodi, World Bank President James Wolfenson, European Investment Bank VicePresident Francis Meyer, French Finance Minister Laurent Fabius, and other prominent European, French and Lebanese officials. Prime Minister Hariri presented his government's economic reform program, which was based on several basic elements: stimulating and modernizing the economy, following up the process of modernizing the tax system, ensuring a structural improvement of general public finances, and preserving monetary and financial stability as well as price stability. The Lebanese government's reform program won the support of the participants of the conference, and the World Bank and the European Investment Bank agreed to provide Lebanon with 500 million Euros to finance development projects.

14TH ARAB LEAGUE SUMMIT The Council of Arab States at the summit level at its 14th Ordinary Session held in Beirut on March 27-28, 2002, have agreed that a just and comprehensive peace in the Middle East is the strategic option of the Arab countries, to be achieved in accordance with international legality. The following is the text of the Arab Peace Initiative (presented by Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdel-Aziz), as endorsed by leaders meeting in Beirut for the annual Arab League summit: 1. Request Israel to reconsider its policies and declare that a just peace is its strategic option as well. 2. Further calls upon Israel to affirm: • Full Israeli withdrawal from all the territories occupied since 1967, including the Syrian Golan Heights, to the June 4, 1967 lines as well as the remaining occupied Lebanese territories in the South of Lebanon. • Achievement of a just solution to the Palestinian refugee problem to be agreed upon in accordance with UN General Assembly Resolution 194. • The acceptance of the establishment of sovereign

VISIT OF PRESIDENT ASSAD TO LEBANON President Bachar Assad arrived in Lebanon on March 3,2002 in a historic and exceptional visit to the country by a Syrian president (the first visit of its kind in over 25 years). The president arrived in Beirut at the head of a delegation of senior Syrian officials, including Speaker Abdel-Qader Qadoura, Prime Minister Mustafa Miro, and his Deputy and Foreign Minister Farouk al-Sharaa. Upon their arrival at Baabda, the Lebanese and the Syrian presidents held a noticeably lengthy meeting. The meeting was followed by a session of the Higher Syrian-Lebanese Council, which included the Syrian officials and their Lebanese counterparts. Excerpt from Joint Statement: Both Presidents, Assad and Lahoud, suggested in a joint statement that this month's summit offered the appropriate forum to "strengthen Arab solidarity and support the steadfastness of the Palestinians in their struggle". The two presidents agreed that the course followed by Israel aim to impose a

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independent Palestinian territories occupied since June 4, 1967 in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, with East Jerusalem as its capital. 3. Consequently, the Arab countries affirm the following: • Consider the Arab-Israeli conflict ended, and enter into a peace agreement with Israel, and provide security for all the states of the region. • Establish normal relations with Israel in the context of this comprehensive peace. 4. Assures the rejection of all forms of Palestinian partition which conflict with the special circumstances of the Arab host countries. 5. Calls upon the government of Israel and all Israelis to accept this initiative in order to safeguard the prospects for peace and stop the further shedding of blood, enabling the Arab countries and Israel to live in peace and good neighborliness and provide future generations with security, stability and prosperity. 6. Invites the international community and all countries and organizations to support this initiative. 7. Request the chairman of the summit to form a special committee composed of some of its concerned member states and the secretary-general of the League of Arab States to gain support for this initiative at all levels, particularly from the United Nations, the United States of America, the Russian Federation, the Muslim states and the European Union.

"Recalling all its previous resolutions on Lebanon, in particular resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978) of 19 March 1978, resolution 520 (1982) of 17 September 1982, and resolution 1553 (2004) of 29 July 2004 as well as the statements of its President on the situation in Lebanon, in particular the statement of 18 June 2000 (S/PRST/2000/21), "Reiterating its strong support for the territorial integrity, sovereignty and political independence of Lebanon within its internationally territorially recognized borders, "Noting the determination of Lebanon to ensure the withdrawal of all non-Lebanese forces from Lebanon, "Gravely concerned at the continued presence of armed militias in Lebanon, which prevent the Lebanese government from exercising its full sovereignty over all Lebanese territory, "Reaffirming the importance of the extension of the control of the Government of Lebanon over all Lebanese territory, "Mindful of the upcoming Lebanese presidential elections and underlining the importance of free and fair elections according to Lebanese constitutional rules devised without foreign interference or influence, 1. Reaffirms its call for the strict respect of the sovereignty, territorial integrity, unity, and political independence of Lebanon under the sole and exclusive authority of the Government of Lebanon throughout Lebanon; 2. Calls upon all remaining foreign forces to withdraw from Lebanon; 3. Calls for the disbanding and disarmament of all Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias; 4. Supports the extension of the control of the Government of Lebanon over all Lebanese territory; 5. Declares its support for a free and fair electoral process in Lebanon's upcoming presidential election conducted according to Lebanese constitutional rules devised without foreign interference or influence; 6. Calls upon all parties concerned to cooperate fully and urgently with the Security Council for the full implementation of this and all relevant resolutions concerning the restoration of the territorial integrity, full sovereignty, and political independence of Lebanon; 7. Requests that the Secretary-General report to the Security Council within thirty days on the implementation by the parties of this resolution and decides to remain actively seized of this matter."

PARIS II On November 23, 2002, President Jacques Chirac of France hosted the "Paris II" meeting at the Elysee Palace, entitled: "After Construction and Recovery, Toward Sustainable Development". Paris II was attended by: France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, United Kingdom, Japan, Malaysia, United States of America, Canada, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Eu Commission, European Investment Bank, Word Bank, International Monetary Fund, Arab Fund for Economic Development, Development Fund, and Kuwaiti Development Fund. The donors agreed to USD 4.3 billion package of financial support for debt-ridden Lebanon, which included some USD 3 billion in cash and USD 1.3 billion to be made available for development projects. RESOLUTION 1559 (2004) "The Security Council,

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The Lebanese Constitution promulgated on 23 May 1926 modified by the constitutional laws of 17 October 1927 8 May 1929 9 November 1943 7 December 1943 21 January 1947 21 August 1990 19 October 1995 13 October 1998 3 September 2004

Title I - Fundamental Provisions CHAPTER 1 THE STATE AND THE TERRITORY Article 1 (As modified by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, article 1) Lebanon is an independent State, unitarian and sovereign. Its frontiers are those which now limit it: In the North: from the mouth of Nahr El Kebir, the line following the course of this river up to its junction with its tributary of Ouade Khaled at the height of Jisr El Kamar. In the East: the top line separating the valleys of Ouade Khaled and Ouade Nahr-El Assi (Orontes) and passing through the villages of Meayssra, Harbaana, Hait, Ebbech, Faissan, at the height of the villages of Brifad and Matrebeh. This line follows the northern limit of the caza of Baalbeck, towards the Northeast and Southeast, then the Eastern limits of the cazas of Baalbeck, Bekaa, Hasbaya and Rashaya. In the South: the present southern limits of the cazas of Tyre and Marjeyoun. In the West: the Mediterranean Sea. Article 2 No part of the Lebanese territory may be alienated or ceded. Article 3 The limits of the administrative districts may not be modified except by law. Article 4 The Greater Lebanon is a Republic. Beirut is its capital city. Article 5 (As modified by the constitutional law of 7 December 1943, sole article). The Lebanese flag is composed of three horizontal stripes two red ones framing a white one. The top of the white stripe is equal to double of each of the red stripes. In the center of the white stripe figures a green cedar tree the width of which occupies the third of the latter and which, at its top and base, touches each of the red stripes.

Preamble a. Lebanon is a sovereign, free, and independent country. It is a final homeland for all its citizens. It is unified in its territory, people, and institutions within the boundaries defined in this Constitution and recognized internationally. b. Lebanon is Arab in its identity and in its association. It is a founding and active member of the League of Arab States and abides by its pacts and covenants. Lebanon is also a founding and active member of the United Nations Organization and abides by its covenants and by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Government shall embody these principles in all fields and areas without exception. c. Lebanon is a parliamentary democratic republic based on respect for public liberties, especially the freedom of opinion and belief, and respect for social justice and equality of rights and duties among all citizens without discrimination. d. The people are the source of authority and sovereignty; they shall exercise these powers through the Constitutional institutions. e. The political system is established on the principle of separation, balance, and cooperation amongst the various branches of Government. f. The economic system is free and ensures private initiative and the right of private property. g. The even development among regions on the educational, social, and economic levels shall be a basic pillar of the unity of the state and the stability of the system. h. The abolition of political confessionalism shall be a basic national goal and shall be achieved according to a gradual plan. i. Lebanese territory is one for all Lebanese. Every Lebanese shall have the right to live in any part of it and to enjoy the sovereignty of law wherever he resides. There shall be no segregation of the people on the basis of any type of belonging, and no fragmentation, partition, or colonization. j. There shall be no constitutional legitimacy for any authority which contradicts the "pact of communal coexistence" [mithaq al-aysh al-mushtarak].

CHAPTER 2 THE LEBANESE NATIONALS, THEIR RIGHTS AND THEIR DUTIES Article 6 The Lebanese nationality, the way it is acquired, is retained and forfeited, shall be determined by law. Article 7 All the Lebanese are equal before the law. They enjoy equal civil and political rights and are equally subjected to

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Title II - Powers

public charges and duties, without any distinction whatever.

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 8 Individual liberty is guaranteed and protected. No one can be arrested or detained except in accordance with the provisions of the law. No infringements and no sanctions can be established except by law.

Article 16 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 1) Legislature lies with a single assembly: the Chamber of Deputies.

Article 9 Liberty of conscience is absolute. By rendering homage to the Almighty, the State respects all creeds and guarantees and protects their free exercise, on condition that they do not interfere with public order. It also guarantees to individuals, whatever their religious allegiance, the respect of their personal status and their religious interests.

Article 17 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 2 and in 1990) Executive power is entrusted to the Council of Ministers, who exercises it according to conditions established by the present constitution.

Article 10 Education is free so long as it is not contrary to public order and to good manners and does not touch the dignity of creeds. No derogation shall affect the right of communities to have their schools, subject to the general prescriptions on public education edicted by the State.

Article 18 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 50 and in 1990) The Parliament and the Council of Ministers have the right to propose Laws. No Law shall be promulgated until it has been adopted by the Chamber.

Article 11 (As modified by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, Article 2) Arabic is the official national language. A law shall determine the cases where the French language is to be used.

Article 19 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 50 and in 1990) A Constitutional Council shall be established to supervise the constitutionality of Laws and to arbitrate conflicts that arise from parliamentary and presidential elections. The President, the President of the Parliament, the Prime Minister, along with any ten Members of Parliament, have the right to consult this Council on matters that relate to the constitutionality of Laws. The officially recognized heads of religious communities have the right to consult this Council only on Laws relating to personal status, the freedom of belief and religious practice, and the freedom of religious education. The rules governing the organization, operation, composition, and modes of appeal of the Council will be decided by a special Law.

Article 12 All the Lebanese citizens are equally admitted to all public functions without any other cause for preference except their merit and competence and according to the conditions set by law. A special statute shall govern Civil Servants according to the administrations to which they belong. Article 13 Freedom of expression by word or pen, freedom of the press freedom of holding meetings and freedom of association are equally guaranteed within the framework of the law.

Article 20 Judicial power functioning within the framework of a statute established by law and ensuring essential guarantees to judges and the disputing parties is exercised by courts of different order and degrees. The law fixes the limits and the conditions of the magistrates' tenure of office. Judges are independent in the exercise of their functions. The awards and judgments of all courts are rendered and executed in the name of the Lebanese people.

Article 14 Domicile is unviolable. None can enter it except in cases provided by the law and according to the form it prescribes. Article 15 Property is under the protection of the law. None may be deprived of his property except for public utility, in cases established by the law and in return of prior and fair compensation.

Article 21 Any Lebanese citizen aged 21 who meets the

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The Chamber and the Executive sit in Beirut.

CHAPTER 2 THE LEGISLATURE

Article 27 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1). The Chamber member represents all the Nation. No imperative mandate may be given him by his electors.

Article 22 (As modified in 1990) With the election of the first Parliament on a national, non-confessional basis, a Senate shall be established in which all the religious communities shall be represented. Its authority shall be limited to major national issues. [qadaya masiriyya].

Article 28 (As modified by the constitutional law of 8 May 1929, Article 1) No incompatibility exists between a deputy's mandate and ministerial office. Ministers may be taken indistintively either from the Chamber or from outside.

Article 23 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 50)

Article 29 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 6) Cases of inaptness to the quality of deputy are determined by law.

Article 24 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1 and in 1990) The Chamber of Deputies shall be composed of elected members; their number and the method of their election shall be determined by the electoral laws in effect. Until such time as the Chamber enacts new electoral laws on a non-confessional basis, the distribution of seats shall be according to the following principles: a. Equal representation between Christians and Muslims. b. Proportional representation among the confessional groups within each religious community. c. Proportional representation among geographic regions. Exceptionally, and for one time only, the seats that are currently vacant, as well as the new seats that have been established by Law, shall be filled by appointment, all at once, and by a 2/3 mjority of the Government of National Unity, this is to establish equality between Christians and Muslims as stipulated in the Document of national Accord [wathiqat al-wifaq al-watani, i.e. the Taif Agreement]. The electoral laws will specify the details regarding the implementation of this clause.

Article 30 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1 and in 1990) The Deputies alone shall have competence to judge the validity of their mandate. No Deputy's mandate may be invalidated except by a majority of two thirds of the votes of the entire membership. This clause is automatically cancelled as soon as the Constitutional Council is established and as soon as the Laws relating to it are implemented. Article 31 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 8) Any sitting of the Chamber outside the legal time of session is illegal and null as a matter of course. Article 32 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 9) The Chamber convenes every year in two ordinary sessions. The first opens on the first Tuesday following the 15 th March and terminates at the end of the month of May. The second opens on the first Tuesday following the 15th October. It is devoted before any other business to budget debate and vote. It lasts until the end of the year.

Article 25 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1) In the event of the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, the deed dissolving it must contain convocation of the voters for new elections which shall be held in conformity with article 24 and within a time-limit not exceeding three months.

Article 33 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 10 and in 1990) The ordinary sessions shall begin and end automatically on the dates fixed in Article 32. The President of the Republic in consultation with the Prime Minister may summon the Chamber to extraordinary sessions by a Decree that specifies the dates of the opening

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 26 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 3) 433

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 and closing agenda. The convoke the membership

1927, Article 16) No member of the Chamber may, while the session is in progress, be prosecuted or arrested for breach of the penal law - barring cases of flagrante delicto - except with the approval of the Chamber.

of the extraordinary sessions as well as the President of the Republic shall be required to Chamber if an absolute majority of the total so requests.

Article 34 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 11) The Chamber may not be validly constituted except with the attendance of the majority of the members legally composing it. Resolutions are adopted by majority vote. In the event of a tie the matter under debate is rejected.

Article 41 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1) When a seat in the Chamber has become vacant, the vacancy shall be filled within a time-limit of two months. The term of office of the new member shall run up to the expiry of the term of office of his predecessor. No steps shall be taken to fill the vacancy if the Chamber is less than six months away from the expire of its powers.

Article 35 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 12) Debates in the Chamber are public. However, the Chamber convenes in secret committee upon Government request or of five of its members. It then decides if the debate must be resumed in public on the same subject.

Article 42 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1) General elections for the renewal of the Assembly are held within the sixty days which precede the end of its term of office.

Article 36 Voting is expressed in a loud voice or by sitting and standing, except in the event of an election, in which case ballot is secret. On laws as a whole and on the matter of confidence voting is always by nominal call and in a loud voice.

Article 43 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 19) The Chamber drafts its own internal regulations.

Article 37 (As modified by the constitutional law of 8 May 1929, Article 2) The right of every deputy to question the responsibility of Ministers is absolute during the ordinary and emergency sessions. No motion of this nature may be debated and voted upon except five days at least after it has been tabled before the Chamber of Deputies and communicated to the Minister of Ministers concerned.

Article 44 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1 and in 1990) Each time a new Chamber is elected the Chamber shall meet under the presidency of the oldest member and the secretariat of the two youngest. It shall then elect separately, by a secret ballot and by an absolute majority of the votes cast, the President and the Vice President of the Chamber to hold office for the length of the Chamber's term. At the third ballot, a relative majority shall be sufficient. Should the votes be equal, the oldest candidate shall be considered elected. Every time a new Chamber of Deputies is elected, as well as in the October session of each year, the Chamber shall elect two Secretaries by secret ballot according to the majority stipulated in the first part of this Article. The Chamber may, once only, two years after the election of its President and his Deputy, and in the first session it holds, withdraw its confidence from the President of the Chamber or his Deputy by a Decision of two thirds of the Chamber, based on a petition signed by at least ten Deputies. The Chamber, at such point, must hold an immediate session to fill the vacant post.

Article 38 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 14) Any Bill which has not been rejected by the Chamber may not be tabled once more in the course of the same session. Article 39 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 15) No member of the Chamber may be prosecuted for his expression of opinions or votes during the term of his mandate.

Article 45 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 21).

Article 40 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 434

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The members of the Chamber do not vote except if they attend the sitting; voting by proxy is not admitted.

President of the Republic is continued for three years ending on the 23rd November 1998". 2) The Constitutional Law will be effective as from date of publication in the official gazette. Constitutional Law 687 dated 13.10.1998 (Addition of a paragraph to Article 49). The members of the parliament have ratified the following: 1) The following text is added to article 49: "Exceptionnaly and for one time, it is possible to elect the President of the Republic from, judges, first category civil servants or from similar posts in the Public Administration and Establishments and other personalities in the Law". Constitutional Law 13259 dated 3.9.2004 (Addition of a paragraph to Article 49) The members of the parliament have ratified the following: 1) The following text is added to Article 49: "Exceptionally, and, for one time, the term of the present President of the Republic is continued for three years ending on the 23rd November 2007". 2) The Constitutional Law will be effective as from date of publication in the official gazette.

Article 46 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 22). Only the Chamber is entitled to maintain its own order, through the Speaker. Article 47 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 23) Any petition to the Chamber must be made out and communicated in writing. It is forbidden to hand in petitions in person or on the floor. Article 48 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 24). Indemnity to the members of the Chamber is determined by law. CHAPTER 4 THE EXECUTIVE

Article 50 Before entering upon his duties, the President of the Republic takes the oath of allegiance to the Lebanese Nation and the Constitution, before Parliament, in the following terms: "I swear by Almighty God to observe the Constitution and the laws of the Lebanese people, to safeguard the independence of Lebanon and the integrity of its territory".

Article 49 (As modified by the constitutional laws of 8 May 1929, Article 3, and 21 January 1947, Article 2 and in 1990 and in 1995 and in 1998 and in 2004) The President of the Republic is the head of the state and the symbol of the nation's unity. He shall safeguard the Constitution and Lebanon's independence, unity, and territorial integrity. The President shall preside over the Supreme Defence Council and be the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces which fall under the authority of the Council of Ministers. The President of the Republic shall be elected by secret ballot and by a two-thirds majority of the Chamber of Deputies. After a first ballot, an absolute majority shall be sufficient. The President's term is for six years. He may not be re-elected until six years after the expiration of his last mandate. No one may be elected to the Presidency of the Republic unless he fulfills the conditions of eligibility for the Chamber of Deputies. It is also not possible to elect judges, Grade one civil servants, or their equivalents in all public institutions to the Presidency during their term of office or within two years following the date of their resignation or their leaving office for whatever reason. Constitutional Law 462 dated 19.10.1995 (Addition of a paragraph to Article 49) The members of the parliament have ratified the following: 1) The following text is added to Article 49: "Exceptionally, and, for one time, the term of the present

Article 51 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 26 and in 1990) The President of the Republic shall promulgate the Laws after they have been approved by the Chamber in accordance with the time limits specified by the Constitution. He asks for the publication of these Laws, and he may not modify these Laws or exempt anyone from complying with their provisions. Article 52 (As modified by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, Article 3 and in 1990). The President of the Republic shall negotiate international Treaties in coordination with the Prime Minister. These treaties are not considered ratified except after agreement of the Council of Ministers. They shall be made known to the Chamber whenever the national interest and security of the state permit. However, treaties involving the finances of the state, commercial treaties, and in general treaties that cannot be renounced every year shall not be considered ratified until they have been approved by the Chamber.

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The administrative staff of the Chamber of Deputies shall continue to function until the election of a new Chamber. If elections are not held within the time limit specified in Article 25 of the Constitution, the Decree dissolving the Chamber shall be considered null and void, and the Chamber of Deputies shall continue to exercise its powers according to the stipulations of the Constitution.

Article 53 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1 and in 1990) 1. The President shall preside over the Council of Ministers when he wishes without participating in voting. 2. The President shall designate the Prime minister in consultation with the President of the Chamber of Deputies based on Parliamentary consultations which shall be binding and the content of which the President shall formally disclose to the Prime Minister. 3. The President alone shall issue the Decree which designates the Prime Minister. 4. He shall issue, in agreement with the Prime Minister, the decree appointing the Cabinet and the decrees accepting the resignation of Ministers. 5. He shall issue, on his own authority, the decrees accepting the resignation of the Cabinet or considering it resigned. 6. He shall forward to the Chamber of Deputies Bills that are delivered to him by the Council of Ministers. 7. He shall accredit [Lebanese] ambassadors [abroad] and accept the credentials of [foreign] ambassadors. 8. He shall preside over official functions and grant official decorations by Decree. 9. He shall grant particular pardons by Decree, but a general amnesty cannot be granted except by a Law. 10. He shall address, when necessary, letters to the Chamber of Deputies. 11. He may introduce, from outside the agenda, any urgent matter to the Council of Ministers. 12. He may, in agreement with the Prime Minister, call the Council of Ministers to an extraordinary session, whenever he sees it necessary.

Article 56 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 30 and in 1990) The President of the Republic shall promulgate the Laws which have been adopted within one month of their transmission to the Government. He must promulgate Laws that were declared urgent by a special Decision of the Chamber within five days. The President shall issue decrees and request their promulgation; he has the right to ask the Council of Ministers to review any Decision that the Chamber has taken within fifteen days of the decision's transmission to the Presidency. If the Council of Ministers insists On the Decision or if the time limit passes without the Decree being issued or returned, the Decision or Decree shall beconsidered legally operative and must be promulgated. Article 57 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 31 and in 1990). The President of the Republic, after consultation ,with the Council of Ministers, shall have the right to request the reconsideration of a Law once during the period prescibed for its promulgation. This request may not be refused. When the President exercises this right he shall not be required to promulgate this Law until it has been reconsidered and approved by an absolute majority of all the members legally composing the Chamber. If the time limits pass without the Law being issued or returned, the law shall be considered legally operative and must be promulgated.

Article 54 (As modified in 1990). The decisions of the President must be countersigned by the Prime Minister and the concerned Minister or Ministers except the Decree designating a new Prime Minister and the Decree accepting the resignation of the Cabinet or considering it resigned. Decrees issuing Laws must be countersigned by the Prime Minister.

Article 58 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 32 and in 1990) Every Bill that the Council of Ministers deems urgent and in which this urgency is indicated in the Decree of transmission to the Chamber of Deputies may be issued by the President within forty days following its comunication to the Chamber and after including it on the agenda of a general meeting, reading it aloud before the Chamber, and after the expiration of the time limit without the Chamber acting on it.

Article 55 (As modified by the constitutional law of 8 May 1929, Article 4 and in 1990) The President of the Republic may, in accordance with the conditions stipulated in Articles 65 and 77 of this Constitution, ask the Council of Ministers to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies before the expiration of its mandate. If the Council, based on this request, decides to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, the President shall issue the Decree dissolving it, and in this case, the electoral bodies shall meet as provided for in Article 25, and the new Chamber shall be called to convene within fifteen days after the proclamation of the election.

Article 59 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 33). The President of the Republic may adjourn the 436

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Chamber for a period not exceeding one month. He may not do so twice in the same session.

statements before the Chamber of Deputies. 4. He shall sign, along with the president, all decrees, except the Decree which designates him the head of the Government [i.e. Prime Minister], and the Decree accepting the Cabinet's resignation or considering it resigned. 5. He shall sign the Decree calling for an extraordinary parliamentary session, decrees issuing Laws, and requests for reviewing Laws. 6. He shall call the Council of Ministers into session and set its agenda, and he shall inform the President and the Ministers beforehand of the subjects included on the agenda and of the urgent subjects that will be discussed. 7. He shall supervise the activities of the public administrations and institutions and shall coordinate among the Ministers and provide general guidance to ensure the proper progress of affairs. 8. He shall hold working meetings with the competent authorities in the Government in the presence of the concerned Minister.

Article 60 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1). The President of the Republic is not responsible for the acts of his functions except in cases of breach to the Constitution or high treason. His responsibility for offences of common law is submitted to ordinary laws. For such offences, as for breach of the Constitution and high treason he may not be impeached except by the Chamber of Deputies deciding by a two-thirds majority of the members of the whole Assembly; he is tried by the Higher Court provided in Article 80. Public prosecutorship before the Higher Court is exercised by a magistrate appointed by the highest jurisdiction, with all the chambers meeting. Article 61 When indicted, the President of the Republic is suspended of his functions and the Presidency is vacant until the Higher Court adjudicates.

Article 65 (As modified in 1990) Executive authority shall be vested in the Council of Ministers. It shall be the authority to which the armed forces are subject. Among the powers that it shall exercise are the following: 1. It shall set the general policy of the Government in all fields, prepare Bills and organizational Decrees and make the decisions necessary for implementing them. 2. It shall watch over the execution of Laws and regulations and supervise the activities of all the Government's branches including the civil, military, and security administrations and institutions without exception. 3. It shall appoint Government employees and dismiss them and accept their resignations according to the Law. 4. It shall dissolve the Chamber of Deputies upon the request of the President of the Republic if the Chamber of Deputies, for no compelling reasons, fails to meet during one of its regular periods and fails to meet throughout two successive extraordinary periods, each longer than one month, or if the Chamber returns an annual budget plan with the aim of paralyzing the Government. This right cannot be exercised a second time if it is for the same reasons which led to the dissolution of the Chamber the first time. 5. The Council of Ministers shall meet in a locale specifically set aside for it, and the President shall chair its meetings when he attends. The legal quorum for a Council meeting shall be a two-thirds majority of its members. It shall make its decisions by consensus. If that is not possible, it shall make its decisions by vote of the majority of attending members. Basic national issues shall require the approval of two thirds of the members of the Council named in the Decree forming the Cabinet. Basic national issues are considered the following:

Article 62 (As modified in 1990) Should the Presidency become vacant for any reason whatsoever, the Council of Ministers shall exercise the powers of the President by delegation. Article 63 The civil list of the President of the Republic is determined by law. During the President's tenure of office it may be neither increased nor reduced. Article 64 (As modified in 1990) The Prime Minister is the head of the Government and its representative. He speaks in its name and shall be considered responsible for executing the general policy that is set by the Council of Ministers. He shall exercise the following powers: 1. He shall head the Council of Ministers and shall be, ex officio, Deputy Head of the Supreme Defense Council. 2. He shall conduct the Parliamentary consultations involved in forming a Cabinet. He shall sign, with the President, the Decree forming the Cabinet. The Cabinet must present its general statement of policy to the Chamber and gain its confidence within thirty days of the date of issuance of the Decree in which the Cabinet was formed. The Cabinet shall not exercise its powers before it gains the Chamber's confidence nor after it has resigned or is considered resigned, except in the narrow sense of managing affairs. 3. He shall present the Government's general policy 437

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The amendment of the Consitution, the declaration of a state of emergency and its termination, war and peace, general mobilization, international agreements and treaties, the annual Government budget, comprehensive and long-term development projects, the appointment of Grade One government employees and their equivalents, the review of the administrative map, the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies, electoral Laws, nationality Laws, personal status Laws, and the dismissal of Ministers. Article 66 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 34 and in 1990) Only Lebanese who satisfy the conditions for deputization may assume Ministerial posts. The Ministers shall administer the Government's services and shall assume the responsibility of applying the Laws and regulations, each one according to the affairs of his administration and what is specific to them. Ministers shall be collectively responsible before the Chamber for the general policy of the Government and individually responsible for their personal actions.

3. When the Council resigns or is considered resigned, the Chamber of Deputies shall automatically be considered in extraordinary session until a new Council has been formed and has gained the Chamber's confidence. Article 70 (As modified in 1990) The Chamber of Deputies shall have the right to impeach the Prime Minister and Ministers for high treason or for serious neglect of their duties. The Decision to impeach may not be taken except by a two-thirds majority of the total membership of the Chamber. A special Law shall be issued to determine the conditions of the civil responsibility of the Prime Minister and individual Ministers. Article 71 (As modified in 1990) The impeached Prime Minister of Minister shall be tried by the Supreme Council. Article 72 (As modified in 1990) A Prime Minister or Minister shall leave office as soon as the Decision of Impeachment concerning him is issued. If he resigns, his resignation shall not prevent judicial proceedings from being instituted or continued against him.

Article 67 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 35). Ministers may come to the Chamber without let or hindrance and make themselves heard whenever they please. They may seek the assistance of one or several Civil Servants of their department.

Title III a) ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC

Article 68 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 36). When, in conformity with Article 37, the Chamber declares it has no confidence in a Minister, this Minister is required to resign.

Article 73 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 38) At least one month and at the latest two months before the expiry of the powers of the President of the Republic, the Chamber convenes on the invitation of its Speaker, for the election of a new President. In default of a convocation, the meeting shall be held as a matter of right the tenth day before the end of the President's term of office.

Article 69 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 8 May 1929, Article 5 and modified in 1990). 1. The Government shall be considered resigned in the following circumstances: a. If the Prime Minister resigns; b. If it loses more than a third of the members specified in the Decree forming it; c. If the Prime Minister dies; d. At the beginning of the term of the President of the Republic; e. At the beginning of the term of the Chamber of Deputies; f. When it loses the confidence of the Chamber of Deputies based on the Chamber's initiative or based on the Council's initiative to gain the Chamber's confidence. 2. Ministers shall be dismissed by a Decree signed by the President and the Prime Minister in accordance with Article 65 of the Constitution.

Article 74 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927 Article 39) Should the presidency become vacant through death, resignation or any other cause, the Assembly meets immediately and as a matter of right to elect a new President. If at the time the vacancy occurs, the Chamber happens to be dissolved, the electoral bodies are summoned without delay and, soon after the elections are held, the Chamber meets as a matter of right. Article 75 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October

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1927, Article 40) The Chamber meeting to elect the President of the Republic constitutes an electing body and not a deliberating assembly. It must proceed solely, without delay or debate, with the election of the Head of the State.

It may not deliberate and vote except those articles and issues which have been set down for the sake of limitation and clarified in the project duly communicated. Article 79 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 44 and in 1990). When a draft law dealing with a Constitutional amendment is submitted to the Chamber, it cannot discuss it or vote upon it except when a majority of two thirds of the members lawfully composing the Chamber are present. Voting shall likewise be by the same majority. The President of the Republic shall be required to promulgate the law of the Constitutional amendment under the same conditions and in the same form as ordinary laws. He shall have the right, within the period established for the promulgation, to ask the Chamber to reconsider the draft, after consultation with the Council of Ministers, in which case the vote shall be by a two-thirds majority.

b) REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION Article 76 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 41) The Constitution may be revised on the initiative of the President of the Republic. In this event, the government shall table before the Assembly a draft constitutional law. Article 77 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 42 and in 1990) The Constitution may also be revised upon the request of the Chamber of Deputies. In this case the following procedures shall be observed: During an ordinary session and at the request of at least ten of its members, the Chamber of Deputies may recommend, by a two-thirds majority of the total members lawfully composing the Chamber, the revision of the Constitution. However, the articles and the questions referred to in the recommendation must be clearly defined and specified. The President of the Chamber shall then transmit the recommendation to the Government requesting it to prepare a draft law relating thereto. If the Government approves the recommendation of the Chamber by a two-thirds majority, it must prepare the draft amendment and submit it to the Chamber within four month; if it does not agree, it shall return the Decision to the Chamber for reconsideration. If the Chamber insists upon the necessity of the amendment by a three-fourths majority of the total members lawfully composing the Chamber, the President of the Republic has then either to accede to the Chamber's recommendation or to ask the Council of Ministers to dissolve the Chamber and to hold new elections within three months. If the new Chamber insists on the necessity of amending the Constitution, the Government must yield and submit the draft amendment within four months.

Title IV VARIOUS PROVISIONS a) THE HIGHER COURT Article 80 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 45 and in 1990). The Supreme Council, whose function is to try Presidents and Ministers, shall consist of seven Deputies elected by the Chamber of Deputies and of eight of the highest Lebanese judges, according to their rank in the judicial hierarchy, or, in case of equal ranks, in the order of seniority. They shall meet under the presidency of the judge of the highest rank. The Decisions of condemnation by the Supreme Council shall be rendered by a majority of ten votes. A special Law shall be issued to determine the procedure to be followed by this Council. b) FINANCE Article 81 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1). Taxes are established for public utility, No taxes may be levied in the Lebanese Republic except in conformity with a uniform law applicable on the whole territory without exception.

c) OPERATION OF THE ASSEMBLY

Article 82 No tax may be modified or suppressed except by virtue of a law.

Article 78 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 43). When the draft constitutional law has been tabled before it, the Chamber must engage itself in no other business but that of revision, until the final vote.

Article 83 Every year, early in the October session, the Government submits to the Chamber of Deputies, for 439

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examination and approval, the general budget of State revenue and expenditure for the following year. The budget is voted article by article. Article 84 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 46). In the course of the budget debate and the discussion of the Bills providing for the opening of supplementary and emergency credits, the Chamber may not increase the credits proposed in the draft budget or in the above-mentioned projects, either through amendment or through independent proposals. But once this debate is over, the Assembly may pass laws providing for new expenditures. Article 85 (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 1 and in 1990). No extraordinary credit may be opened except by a special Law. Nevertheless, should unforeseen circumstances render urgent expenditures necessary, the President of the Republic may issue a Decree, based on a Decision of the Council of Ministers, to open extraordinary or supplementary credits or transfer appropriations in the budget as long as these credits do not exceed a maximum limit specified in the budget Law. These measures shall be submitted to the Chamber for approval at the first ensuing session. Article 86 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 48 and in 1990). If the Chamber of Deputies has not given a final Decision on the budget estimates before the expiration of the session devoted to the examination of the budget, the President of the Republic, in coordination with the Prime Minister, shall immediately convene the chamber for an extraordinary session which shall last till the end of January in order to continue the discussion of the budget; if, at the end of this extraordinary session, the budget estimates have not been finally settled, the Council of Ministers may then make a Decision on the basis of which a Decree is issued by the President giving effect to the above estimates in the form in which they were submitted to the Chamber. However, the Council of Ministers may not exercise this right unless the budget estimates were submitted to the Chamber at least fifteen days before the commencement of its session. Nevertheless, during the said extraordinary session, taxes [dara'ib], charges [taka-lif], duties [rusum], imposts [mukus], and other kinds of revenues [a'idat] shall continue to be collected as before. The budget of the previous year shall be adopted as a basis. To this must be added the permanent credits which have been dropped, and the Government shall fix the expenditures for the month of January on the basis of the "provisional twelvth".

Article 87 (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, Article 49). The final account of the finance administration for the closed financial year must be submitted to the Chamber and approved before the promulgation of the budget of the second financial year following that to which the account refers. An Audit Department shall be created by special law. Article 88 No public loan and no commitment likely to burden the Treasury may be transacted except by virtue of a law. Article 89 No concession aiming at the exploitation of a natural resource of the country or a public utility service, nor any monopoly may be granted except by virtue of a law for a limited period.

TITLE V Article 90 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, Article 4). Article 91 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, Article 4). Article 92 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, Article 4). Article 93 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 2). Article 94 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, Article 4).

TITLE VI FINAL AND TRANSITORY PROVISIONS Article 95 (As modified by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943, Article 5 and in 1990). The first Chamber of Deputies which is elected on the basis of equality between Muslims and Christians shall take the appropriate measures to realize the abolition of political confessionalism according to a transitional plan. A National Committee shall be formed headed by the President of the Republic, including, in addition to the President of the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister, leading political, intellectual, and social figures. The tasks of this Committee shall be to study and propose the means to ensure the abolition of

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confessionalism, propose them to the Chamber of Deputies and the Ministers, and supervise the execution of the transitional plan. During the transitional phase: a. The confessional groups shall be represented in a just and equitable fashion in the formation of the Cabinet. b. The principle of confessional representation in public service jobs, in the judiciary, in the military and security institutions, and in public and mixed agencies shall be cancelled in accordance with the requirements of national reconciliation; they shall be replaced by the principle of expertise and competence. However, Grade One posts and their equivalents shall be excepted from this rule, and the posts shall be distributed equally between Christians and Muslims without reserving any particular job for any confessional group but rather applying the principles of expertise and competence.

1947, Article 2). Article 98 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 2). Article 99 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 2). Article 100 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 2). Article 101 As from 1 September 1926, the State of "Greater Lebanon" shall bear the name of "Lebanese Republic", without change or modification of any other kind. Article 102 (As modified by the constitutional law of 9 November (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, 1943, Article 6). All legislative provisions contrary to the present constitution are abrogated.

Article 96 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947, Article 2). Article 97 (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January

Charter of the Lebanese National Reconciliation (also known as the "TAEF AGREEMENT") FIRSTLY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND REFORMS

on their balance and on the cooperation of these powers among themselves. F - The economic regime is free and guarantees individual initiative and private ownership. G - The balanced development of the regions, culturally, socially and economically is one of the basic fundamentals of the unity of the State and the stability of the Regime. H - To work for the realization of an overall social justice through the financial, economic and social reformation. 1 - The Lebanese territory is a united territory for all the Lebanese people. Every Lebanese citizen has the right to reside in any part of that territory and enjoy such residence under the protection of the law; there shall be no settülg of the people on the basis of any affiliation whatsoever. There shall be no partitioning, no division and no homeland substitution. J - No authority shall be considered legal if it is in contradiction with the Charter of common coexistence.

1 - General Principles A - Lebanon is a sovereign, free and independent country. It is a final homeland for all its people. It is united with its territory, people and institutions within the boundaries set out in the Lebanese Constitution and recognized internationally. Β - Lebanon's affiliation and identity are Arab. It is a founder and active member of the Arab League and is committed to all its covenants. It is a founder and active member of the United Nations Organization and is committed to its Charter. It is also a member of the NonAligned Movement. The Lebanese State abides by the said principles in all fields and domains without exception. C - Lebanon is a democratic and parliamentary Republic founded on the respect of public freedoms, beginning with the freedom of opinion and belief, social justice and equality in rights and obligations for all citizens without discrimination or privileges. D - The people are the source of powers and holders of the sovereignty which they exercise through the constitutional institutions. E - The Regime is based on the separation of powers,

2 - Political Reforms A - Parliament Parliament is the legislative authority that exercises the overall control of the Government's policy and actions:

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1 - The Speaker and the Vice-Speaker of the Parliament are elected for the duration of Parliament's term. 2 - Parliament, with a two third majority, may withdraw confidence from its Speaker or Vice-Speaker only once pursuant to a petition to be signed by at least ten deputies. In this case, Parliament shall immediately hold a meeting to fill the vacant post. 3 - Any draft bill of urgent nature referred by the Cabinet to Parliament may not be voted except after it has been included in the agenda of a general meeting and read out at that meeting and after the elapse of the period of time provided for in the Constitution without a decision being taken in respect thereof, and following the approval of the Cabinet. 4 - The electoral constituency is the district (Mohafazat). 5 - Until such time when Parliament shall have voted an election law free from confessional restrictions, the Parliamentary seats shall be distributed according to the following rules: a - Equality between Christians and Moslems. b - Proportionality among the communities of these two groups. c - Proportionality among the regions. 6 - The number of members of Parliament shall be increased to (108) in equal proportion between Christians and Moslems. With regard to the seats instituted on the basis of this Charter, as well as the seats that have become vacant before this Charter, they shall be filled by way of exception and only for one time, throught appointment by the Government of National Reconciliation which will be formed in due time. 7 - Following the institution of the first National and Non-Confessional Parliament, there shall be established a Senate where all the religious communities shall be represented. The powers of the Senate shall be limited to decisive matters. Β - The President of the Republic The President of the Republic is the head of the State and the symbol of its unity. He stands by the respect of the Constitution and the safeguard, unity and territorial integrity of Lebanon in conformity with the provisions of the Constitution. He is the Supreme Commander of the Armed forces which come under the authority of the Cabinet. He exercises the following powers: 1 - He presides over the Cabinet and chairs its meetings whenever he chooses without voting. 2 - He presides over the Supreme Council of Defense. 3 - He issues the Decrees and request their promulgation. He has the right to request the Cabinet to reconsider any decision taken by it within fifteen days from the date of its filing with the Presidency of the Republic. Where the Cabinet insists on the decision taken or where the time-limit elapses without the Decree being issued or returned, the decree or decision shall be deemed

effective by law and should be promulgated. 4 - He issues the laws in accordance with the timelimits determined in the Constitution and demands that they be promulgated after they have been approved by Parliament. He may, after advising the Cabinet of his intention to do so, demand the reconsideration of laws within the time-limits determined in the Constitution and in accordance with its provisions; where the time-limits elapse without the laws being issued or returned, the laws shall be deemed effective by law and should be promulgated. 5 - He refers to Parliament draft bills submitted to him by the Cabinet. 6 - He names the Prime Minister designate in consultation with the Speaker of Parliament on the basis of binding parliamentary consultations, the results of which should be officially communicated to the Speaker. 7 - He issues alone the Decree naming the Prime Minister. 8 - He issues, in agreement with the Prime Minister, the Decree relative to the formation of the Cabinet. 9 - He issues the Decrees relative to the resignation of the Cabinet, the resignation or revocation of Ministers. 10 - He accredits ambassadors and receives their credentials. He grants state Medals by Decree. 11 - He undertakes negotiation of national treaties and ratifies them in agreement with the Prime Minister. These treaties will not become effective except after approval of the Cabinet. The Government will inform Parliament of these treaties whenever the interest of the Country and the safety of the State so permit. As to treaties which involve conditions that concern the budget of the State, and the commercial treaties and all other treaties which cannot be repealed year by year, they cannot be ratified before the approval of Parliament. 12 - Where necessary, he sends messages to Parliament. 13 - In agreement with the Prime Minister, he calls Parliament by Decree to hold extraordinary sessions. 14 - He has the right to lay before the Cabinet any matter of urgent character outside the agenda. 15 - In agreement with the Prime Minister, he calls the Cabinet to special meetings whenever he deems necessary. 16 - He grants special amnesty by Decree. 17 - He incurs no responsibility in the exercise of his functions except where he violates the Constitution or commits high treason. C - The Prime Minister The Prime minister is the head of the Government, he represents it and speaks in its name. He is responsible for the implementation of the general policy laid down by the Cabinet. He exercises the following powers: 1 - He chairs the Cabinet meetings. 2 - He carries out parliamentary consultations for the formation of the Government, and signs with the President

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the Decree of its formation. The Government must present its policy statement for obtaining confidence within thirty days. The Government cannot exercise its powers neither before obtaining confidence nor after its resignation or after its being considered resigning, except in a restrictive sense for transacting the day to day business. 3 - He presents the Cabinets's general policy to Parliament. 4 - He signs all Decrees except those naming the Prime Minister, accepting the resignation of the Government or considering it resigning. 5 - He signs the decree of calling to an extraordinary session and the Decrees of promulgagion of laws or the demand of their reconsideration. 6 - He calls the Cabinet to meet and draws up its agenda, and informs beforehand the President of the Republic of the items of the agenda placed thereon, and on the urgent matters to be discussed. He signs the original minutes of the meetings. 7 - He supervises the activities of the public administrations and institutions. He coordinates among ministers and gives the general directives for enduring the proper conduct of business. 8 - He holds business meetings with the authorities concerned in the State, in the presence of the Minister concerned. 9 - He shall be by law vice-chairman of the Supreme Council of Defense.

by a consensus, failing which, by vote. Resolutions are adopted by the majority of attending ministers, as to the essential questions, they need to have the approval of twothirds of the ministers. The following questions are among those considered to be essential: The declaration and cancellation of the state of emergency, war and peace, general mobilization, international agreements and treaties, the general budget of the State, comprehensive and long term development plans, appointment of officials of first category or the equivalent thereof, reconsideration of the administrative division, dissolution of Parliament, election law, the law on nationality, the personal status laws and the revocation of ministers. E - The Minister The Minister's powers are strengthened in confofinity with the Government's public policy and with the principle of collective responsibility. A Minister cannot be revoked except by decision of the Council of Ministers, or by Parliament's withholding of confidence from him individually. F - Resignation of the Government, considering it resigning and revocation of Ministers. 1 - The Government is deemed to be resigning in the following instances: a. Where the Prime Minister resigns. b. If it looses more than one third of its members designated in the formation Decree. c. The death of the Prime Minister. d. Upon the beginning of the mandate of the President of the Republic. e. Upon the beginning of the mandate of Parliament. f. Upon withholding of confidence from it by the Parliament pursuant to an initiative from this latter or to a vote of confidence put by the Government. 2 - The revocation of a Minister shall be made by virtue of a Decree to be signed by the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister following the approval of the Council of Ministers. 3 - Upon resignation of the Government or when it is considered resigning, Parliament shall ipso facto be deemed to be in a state of extraordinary session until the formation of a new Government and its obtaining confidence.

D - The Cabinet (Council of Ministers) The executive power shall be vested in the Cabinet. The following are among the powers exercised by it: 1 - It sets the general policy of the State in all domains, draws up the draft bills and Decrees and takes the necessary decisions for their implementation. 2 - It keeps an eye on the implementation of the laws and regulations and supervises the activities of all the State organisms namely the civil, military and security administrations and institutions without exception. 3 - The Council of Ministers is the authority that rules the Armed Forces. 4 - It appoints, dismisses the State employees, and accepts their resignation in conformity with the law. 5 - It has the right to dissolve Parliament at the request of the President of the Republic where Parliament fails to meet during an ordinary or extraordinary session, the period of which should be at least one month, in spite of its calling for two consecutive times or in case it rebuts the whole budget with the intention of paralyzing the action of the Government. This right may not be exercised for the same reasons which called for the dissolution of Parliament in the first time. 6 - When the President attends the Cabinet meetings, he chairs them. The Cabinet meets periodically at quarters of its own. The quorum for its meeting is the majority of the two-thirds of its members. Its resolutions shall be taken

G - Abolition of the Political Confessionalism The abolition of political confessionalism is an essential national objective which should be achieved according to a phased plan. The Parliament elected on the basis of equality of seats between Moslems and Christians would have to take the appropriate measures for achieving this objective and constitute a national commission under the chairmanship of the President of the Republic including in addition to the Speaker of Parliament and

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Prime Minister political, intellectual and social personalities. The commission's task will be to study and propose ways for the elimination of confessionalism and present them to Parliament and the Council of Ministers and supervise the implementation of the phased plan. During the transitional period, the following would take place: A - Abolition of the policy of confessional representation and adoption of the qualification and skill in public functions, law courts, military and security institutions, public and mixed institutions and autonomous authorities in conformity with the requirements of National Reconciliation, with the exception of the posts of the first category and their equivalent, which posts will be shared in equal proportions between Christians and Moslems, without allocation of any post to any confession. Β - Abolition of reference to religion and confession in the identity card.

interpretation of the Constitution, the control of the constitutionality of laws and the ruling of disputes and contestations arising from the Presidential and Parliamentary elections. 3 - The following parties have the right to resort to the Constitutional Council with respect to the interpretation of the Constitution and the control of the constitutionality of laws: a. The President of the Republic b. The Speaker of Parliament c. A specified proportion of the members of Parliament. Β - In order to ensure the principle of harmony between Religion and the State, the hierarch of the Lebanese religious confessions may resort to the Constitutional Council with regard to the following matters: 1 - Personal status 2 - Freedom of belief and practice of religious rituals 3 - Freedom of religious instruction C - In order to reinforce the independence of the courts, there shall be elected a specified number of the members of the Supreme Judicial Council by the judicial body.

Other Reforms A - Administrative Decentralization 1 - The Lebanese State is one and unified, having a strong central power. 2 - Broadening of the powers of district and sub-district officers (Mohafez and Kaem-Makam), and representation of all the State administrations at the highest level possible in the administrative regions in order to facilitate the service of citizens and meet their local demands. 3 - Reconsideration of the administrative division with a view to ensure national integration and the safeguarding of national coexistence, the unity of the land people and institutions. 4 - Adoption of extended administrative decentralization at the level of small administrative units (the sub-district "Kaza" and lower levels), through the election of a council for each sub-district headed by the sub-district officer in order to ensure local participation. 5 - Adoption of a unified and comprehensive development plan for the country enabling the development of the Lebanese regions economically and socially, and increasing the resources of the municipalities, unified municipalities and municipal federations by the necessary financial potentialities.

C - Parliamentary Election Law Parliamentary elections will be held in accordance with a new election law on the basis of the district (Mohafazat), which will be in line with the rules that guarantee national coexistence among the Lebanese people and ensure the true political representation of the various classed and generations of the people, as well as the efficiency of this representation, after reconsideration of the administrative division within the framework of the unity of the land, people and institutions. D - Creation of the Economic and Social Development Council An economic and social council will be created in order to ensure the participation of the various sectors of the people in the formulation of the economic and social policy of the State through the presentation of advice and propositions. E - Education and Learning 1 - Education shall be provided to everybody and made obligatory at least in the primary stage. 2 - The freedom of teaching should be affirmed in accordance with the law and regulations in force. 3 - Private education should be protected and the control of the State on the private schools and school books should be strengthened. 4 - The official, vocational and technical education should be reformed, strengthened and developed so as to meet the needs of the country for growth and construction; likewise, the Lebanese University should be reformed and reinforced, more particularly as regards its faculties of applied sciences. 5 - The teaching curriculae should be reconsidered and

Β - Law Courts A- In order to guarantee the submission of all responsible people and citizens to the rule of law and ensure the harmonious operation of the legislative and executive powers with the postulates of national coexistence and the fundamental rights of the Lebanese people provided for in the Constitution: 1 - There shall be established the Supreme Council provided for in the Constitution for the prosecution of the Presidents and Ministers, and a special law shall be enacted setting out the procedure governing it. 2 - A Constitutional Council shal be established for the

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developed so as to strengthen the national affiliation and integration, the spiritual and cultural openness, and the unification of the school books in the subjects of history and national education.

any other purpose. 4 - Resolution of the question of displaced people in a radical manner by a decision granting every Lebanese diplaced person since 1975 A.D. the right to return to the place from which he was displaced and to enact such legislation as may guaranty this right and provide the adequate means for reconstruction. Whereas the aim of the Lebanese State is the spreading of its authority on all the Lebanese territory by means of its own forces represented in the first place by the Internal Security Forces, and in view of the nature of the brotherly relations that link Syria to Lebanon, the Syrian Forces, with thanks, will assist the Lebanese legal forces in spreading the authority of the Lebanese State, within a specified period of time not exceeding two years after the approval of the National Reconciliation Charter, the election of the President of the Republic, the formation of the Government of National Reconciliation and the ratification of the political reforms in a constitutional manner. At the end of the said period, the two governments, the Syrian Government and Lebanese Government of National Reconciliation will decide oil the redeployment of the Syrian Forces in the Bekaa region and the entrance of western Bekaa at Dahr El Beidar up to the line of Hammana-Mdeirej-Ain Dara, and where necessary, in other points to be defined by a joint Lebanese-Syrian military committee. The two goverments will reach an agreement defining the size of the Syrian forces and the duration of their presence in the above mentioned areas, as well as defining the relationship between the Syrian forces and the Lebanese State authorities in the areas where they are deployed. The Higher Arab Tripartie Commi^ee is prepared to help the two states in coming to this agreement should they so desire.

F - Information All the information media should be reorganized in conformity with the law within the framework of responsible freedom in line with the reconciliation policy and the termination of the state of war. SECONDLY: SOVEREIGNTY OF THE LEBANESE STATE ON THE WHOLE OF ITS TERRITORY Whereas it has been agreed among the Lebanese factions to found a strong and efficient State based on national reconciliation, the Government of National Reconciliation should devise a detailed security plan of one year duration aimed at the gradual spreading of the authority of the Lebanese State over all Lebanese territory by means of its own forces. The following measures will be among the broad lines of the said plan: 1 - The announcement of the dissolution of all Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias and the handing over of their weapons to the lebanese State within a period of six months beginning from the date of approval of the Charter of National Reconciliation, the election of the President of the Republic, the formation of the Government of National Reconciliation and the ratification of political reforms in a constitutional manner. 2 - Strengthening of the Internal Security Forces through: a. Conscription open to all Lebanese without exception for providing them with a central formation before transferring them to the units in the Districts and subjecting them to regular and successive training sessions. b. Strengthening of the Security Forces to meet the requirements of controlling the entry and exit of persons to and from the borders on land, sea and air. 3 - Strengthening of the Armed Forces. a. The main duty of the Armed Forces in the Defense of the country and where necessary, the protection of public order when the danger exceeds the capacity of the Internal Security Forces acting alone in dealing with such danger. b. The Armed Forces will be used to back the Internal Security Forces for enforcing law and order in the circumstances determined by the Cabinet. c. The Armed Forces will be unified, equipped and trained so that they may be able to assume their national responsibility in confronting the Israeli aggression. d. When the Internal Security Forces will be in a position to assume their security duties, the Armed Forces will withdraw to their barracks. e. The Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces will be reorganized to serve the military purposes exclusively of

THIRDLY: LIBERATION OF LEBANON FROM ISRAELI OCCUPATION The restauration of the State authority up to the internationally recognized Lebanese borders requires: A - Securing the implementation of Resolution 425 and all other resolutions of the United Nations Security Council calling for the overall removal of Israeli occupation. Β - Adhering to the armistice agreement signed on 23rd March 1949 A.D. C - Taking all necessary measures to liberate all the Lebanese territory from Israeli occupation, spreading the State sovereignty over all the Lebanese territory and deploying the Lebanese Army along the Lebanese borders internationally recognized, and strengthening of the presence of the United Nations Interimary Forces in south Lebanon for ensuring the Israeli withdrawal and providing for the return of security and stability to the border area. FOURTHLY: LEBANESE-SYRIAN RELATIONS Lebanon which is a country with arab affiliation and

445

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

identity, is bound by sincere brotherly ties with all Arab States. It is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving their strength from the roots of kinship, history and common brotherly interests. This is a concept on which coordination and cooperation between the two countries are based and would be embodied in agreements between them in all fields in such a way as to achieve the interest of the two brotherly countries in the framework of the sovereignty and independence of each country. On this basis, and since the consolidation of security would create the required climate to develop these distinctive links, therefore Lebanon should not be made a source of threat to Syria's

security and Syria should not be made a source of threat to Lebanon's security under any circumstances. Therefore, Lebanon would not allow to be a passage or an abide for any force, state or organization aiming to undermine its security or Syria's security. Syria, which is concerned for Lebanon's security independence, unity and reconciliation of its people, would not allow any action threatening Lebanon's security, independence and sovereignty. (Publitec Publications are not responsible of the English translation of the above agreement, although it was made by a sworn local translator. For the sake of accuracy, one should rely on the original Arabic text of that important Agreement).

Local Government The modern administrative structure of Lebanon consists of six Mohafazats, or regions, each of which is sub-divided into Cazas, or districts. Each Mohafazat and every Caza has its own provincial capital or head town, and a number of smaller towns and villages. MOHAFAZATS and CAZAS

No. of towns and villages

* BEIRUT MOUNT LEBANON * Baabda Metn Chouf Aley Kesrouan Jbeil TOTAL

1 69 131 122 86 92 114 614

SOUTH LEBANON * Sidon Tyre Jezzine TOTAL

97 66 98 261

NABATIE * Nabatié Bent Jbail Marjayoun Hasbaiya TOTAL

59 42 30 18 149

NORTH LEBANON * Tripoli Koura Zgharta Batroun Akkar Bcharré TOTAL

51 43 49 68 170 22 404

BEKAA * Zahlé Bekaa-West Baalbek Hermel Rachaiya TOTAL GENERALTOTAL

45 38 78 29 28 218 1,647

* Regional Capital Each Mohafazat is the administrative responsability of a Mohafez, who is responsible to the Minister of the Interior. With the exception of Beirut the regional capitals contain the regional offices of major Ministries such as Agriculture, Education and Public Works, whose senior officers are under the control of the Mohafez in administrative matters. In this way a considerable measure of decentralisation of government has been achieved. Each Caza also has its own Governor, responsible to the Mohafez but with the task of administering the law, supervising the activities of the smaller village councils, the gendarmerie, etc. In the villages, the executive powers of the local councils are confined to strictly local matters such as street-lighting or refuse collection, with all decisions requiring ratification by the Mohafez.

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Judicial System Justice in Lebanon is administered in accordance with the following codes: a - Code of Obligations and Contracts b - Code of Commerce c - Penal Code d - Property Law e - Code of Civil Procedure f - Code of Penal Procedure g - Military Penal Code h - Maritime Code

dealing in the first instance with both civil and penal cases. 2 - Thirty six "Court of Appeal" (Beirut 13, North Lebanon 5, Mount Lebanon 9, Bekaa 4, South Lebanon 3, Nabatieh 2), each consisting of three judges and with a Public Prosecutor for penal courts. These Courts adjucate civil and penal cases; plus one criminal Court. 3 - Eight "Supreme Courts" (i.e. Courts of Cassation), dealing with civil and commercial cases, and criminal cases to be properly constituted of three judges. 4 - "High Administrative Court". This is a special Court dealing with cases involving the state and the various administrations. 5 - "Judicial Council". This is a special Court dealing with matters affecting the security of the State. In addition, Islamic and Christian religious Courts, deal with affairs of personal status (matrimonial cases, death, inheritance, etc...).

Courts are as follows: 1 - Fourteen "Court of First Instance" (Beirut 5, North Lebanon 2, Mount Lebanon 3, Bekaa 1, South Lebanon 2, Nabatieh 1), each consisting of three judges, plus 85 "Single-Judge" (Beirut 21, North Lebanon 12, Mount Lebanon 28, Bekaa 11, South Lebanon 9, Nabatieh 4),

447

PRESIDENCY OF THE LEBANESE REPUBLIC

H.E. General Emile LAHOUD PRESIDENT OF THE LEBANESE REPUBLIC

According to the Constitution, the President of the Lebanese Republic is elected for 6 years by an electoral body composed of the members of the Parliament. Such electoral body has elected on 15 October 1998 H.E. General Emile LAHOUD President of the Lebanese Republic. And by Constitutional Law 13259 dated September 3, 2004, exceptionally and for one time, the term will continue for a further 3 years ending on November 23, 2007.

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Lebanese Heads of State (since 1926) "Charles DEBBAS * Habib Basha as-SAAD *Emile EDDE * Alfred NACCACHE *Ayoub TABET "Petro TRAD *Beshara al-KHOURY *CamiIle CHAMOUN *Fouad CHEHAB "Charles HELOU "Suleiman FRANGIEH "Elias SARKIS "Bachir GEMAYEL Amin GEMAYEL "Rene MOUAWAD "Elias HRAWI Emile LAHOUD

26 May 30 January 20 January 9 April 19 March 27 July 21 September 23 September 23 September 23 September 23 September 23 September elected on 23 August 23 September 5 November 24 November 24 November

N.B. Names of the deceased carry an asterisk.

449

1926 to 1st January 1934 1934 to 20 January 1936 1936 to April 1941 1941 to 18 March 1943 1943 to 26 July 1943 1943 to 20 September 1943 1943 to 22 September 1952 1952 to 22 September 1958 1958 to 22 September 1964 1964 to 22 September 1970 1970 to 22 September 1976 1976 to 22 September 1982 1982, assassinated on 14 September 1982 1982 to 22 September 1988 1989 assassinated on 22 November 1989 1989 to 23 November 1998 1998-

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

The National Assembly Number and Names of Speakers in the Lebanese National Assemblies (since 1920) • A B I CHAHLA Habib * ASSAAD Ahmad al ASSAAD Kamel al * AMMOUN Daoud BERRI Nabih * CHEHAB Khaled * DEBBAS Charles * EDDE Emile * HAMADEH Sabri HUSSEINI Hussein al * JISR Muhammad al

2 2

* * * * *

7

1 4

1 1 1 21

LABAKI Naoum NAMMOUR Moussa OSSEYRANE Adel SAAD Habib Basha as TRAD Petro

N.B. Names of the deceased carry an asterisk.

5

2

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Record of the Lebanese Parliament (since 1920) I - GREATER LEBANON UNDER FRENCH MANDATE (22 September 1920 - 23 May 1926)

by late Petro TRAD and from 22 November 1935 to 19 October 1936 then up to 5 June 1937 by Khaled CHEHAB.

22 September 1920 - 7 March 1922 A 17-man administrative commission was set up by order from the high Commissioner dated 21 September 1921. Late Daoud AMMOUN presided over this commission.

26 October 1937 - 21 September 1939 5th Chamber of Deputies comprising 63 members (42 elected and 21 appointed). From 29 October 1937 to 17 October 1938 then up to 21 September 1939, this 5th Chamber was presided over by late Petro Trad. Following the outbreak of World War II on 3 September 1939, this Chamber was dissolved on 30 September 1939. All parliamentary activity was suspended until the proclamation of Lebanon's independence in 1943.

24 September 1922 - 13 January 1925 1st Chamber of Representatives composed of 80 elected members and presided over from 25 September 1922 to 15 October 1923 by late Habib Basha as-SAAD, from 16 October 1923 to 19 October 1924 by late Naoum LABAKI, and from 21 October 1924 to 13 January 1925, by late Emile EDDE.

Ill - LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES UNDER FULL SOVEREIGNTY I Assembly: 21 September 1943 - 7 April 1947 1st Chamber of Deputies comprising 55 elected members and presided over from 21 September 1943 to 16 October 1944 then up to 15 October 1945, then to 12 October 1946 by late Sabri HAMADE and from 22 October 1946 to 7 April 1947 by late Habib ABI CHAHLA.

13 July 1925 - 23 May 1926 2nd Chamber of Representatives of equal representation as the 1st one was set up. As from 25 May 1926 it assumed the name of "Chamber of Deputies" and was presided over from 16 July 1925 to 23 May 1926 by late Moussa NAMMOUR.

II Assembly: 25 May 1947 - 20 March 1951 2nd Chamber of Deputies, known as "25 May Chamber" with the same composition as the previous one and presided over from 9 June 1947 to 20 March 1951 by late Sabri HAMADE.

II - GREATER LEBANON UNDER CONSTITUTIONAL REGIME (27 May 1926 - 21 September 1939) 27 May 1926 - 17 October 1927 1st Chamber of Deputies comprising 30 elected members alongside a 16 member Senate appointed by order No. 305 from the High Commissioner, dated 24 May 1926. The Senate's term of office ended on 17 October 1927. Sheikh Muhammad al-JISR presided over this Chamber.

Ill Assembly: 5 June 1951 - 3 May 1953 3rd Chamber of Deputies comprising 77 elected members and presided over by late Ahmad al-ASSAAD. IVth Assembly: 14 August 1953 - 7 May 1957 4th Chamber of Deputies which was dissolved by Presidential Decree and whose previous legislature was replaced by 44-member Chamber presided over by Adel OSSEYRANE.

18 October 1927 - 13 May 1929 2nd Chamber of Deputies formed by amalgamation of the previous Chamber and Senate, retaining the same composition of 30 elected and 16 appointed deputies and presided over by late Sheikh Muhammad al-JISR.

Vth Assembly: 30 June 1957 - 4 May 1960 5th Chamber of Deputies comprising 66 members and whose tenure has not come to expiry. Threatened with dissolution since the end of the 1958 summer crisis, this Chamber has outlived three quarters of its tenure and was presided over respectively by Adel OSSEYRANE and late Sabri HAMADE.

15 July 1929 - 10 May 1932 3rd Chamber of Deputies comprising 45 members (30 elected and 15 appointed) and presided over by late Sheikh Muhammad al-JISR. 30 January 1934 - 24 July 1937 4th Chamber of Deputies comprising 25 members (18 elected and 7 appointed) and presided over from 30 January 1934 to 31 October 1934 by late Charles DEBBAS, from 20 November 1934 to 21 November 1935

Vlth Assembly: 3 July 1960 - 19 February 1964 6th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members all elected on 3 July 1960 and presided over by late Sabri HAMADE.

451

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Vllth Assembly: May 1964 - May 1968 7th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members elected in April and May 1964 and presided over by Kamel al-ASSAAD and late Sabri HAMADE.

XlVth Assembly: October 1988 14th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members and presided by Hussein el-HUSSEINI (reelected in October 1988, the Speaker for another term).

VHIth Assembly: May 1968 - May 1972 8th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members, all elected in March and April 1968, presided over by Kamel al-ASSAAD, and late Sabri HAMADE.

XVth Assembly: October 1991 15th Chamber of Deputies comprising 108 members and presided by Hussein el-HUSSEINI (re-elected the Speaker for another term).

IXth Assembly: May 1972 - October 1984 9th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members elected in April and May 1972 and presided over by Kamel al-ASSAAD (re-elected on 19 October 1982) in 1982. By decree, the term of this Chamber was extended for two years.

XVIth Assembly: October 1992 16th Chamber of Deputies comprising 128 members and presided by Kabalan ISSAL KHOURY elected on 20th October 1992, Nabih BERRI as the new Speaker and Elie FERZLI as Deputy-Speaker, for a period of four years. XVIIth Assembly: October 1996 17th Chamber of Deputies comprising 128 members and presided by Kabalan ISSAL KHOURY reelected on 22nd October 1996, Nabih BERRI as the new Speaker and Elie FERZLI as Deputy-Speaker, for a further period of four years and eight months ending on 15th June 2001 (Law N° 530 dated 11.7.1996).

Xth Assembly: October 1984 10th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members elected in April and May 1972 and presided over by Hussein al-HUSSEINI. Xlth Assembly: October 1985 11th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members elected in April and May 1972 and presided over by Hussein al-HUSSEINL

XVIIIth Assembly: October 2000 18th Chamber of Deputies comprising 128 members and presided by Kabalan ISSAL KHOURY reelected on 17th October 2000, Nabih BERRI as the new speaker and Elie FERZLI as Deputy-Speaker, for a further period of four years and eight months.

Xllth Assembly: October 1986 12th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members elected in April and May 1972 and presided over by Hussein el-HUSSEINI (re-elected on 21 October 1986).

XVIVth Assembly: June 2005 19th Chamber of Deputies comprising 128 members and presided by Ghassan TUENI reelected on 20th June 2005, Nabih BERRI as the new speaker and Farid MAKARI as Deputy-Speaker, for a further period of four years and eight months.

XHIth Assembly: October 1987 13th Chamber of Deputies comprising 99 members elected in April and May 1972 and presided over by Hussein el-HUSSEINI (re-elected on 20 October 1987 and on 16 October 1990 for a period of 4 Years).

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Lebanese National Assemblies Following Independence (since 1943) * OSSEYRANE Adel * PHARAON Henri * as-SAAD Amine * SALAM Saëb * SALEM Youssef * SARRAF Yacoub * SOLH Riad * SOLH Sami * STEPHAN Youssef * TABET Ayoub * TAKLA Salim * TALHOUK Jamil * YAFI Abdallah * ZOUAIN Georges

1st LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (21 September 1943 - 7 April 1947) LIST OF DEPUTIES (55 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) eaker puty-Speaker

* Sabri HAMADE Nicolas GHOSN

* al-ABBOUD Muhammad * ABI CHAHLA Habib * ACHKAR Wadi' * AKL Georges * al-ABDALLAH Ali * al-ALI Suleiman * al-ASSAAD Ahmad * ARSLANE Majid * BEYDOUN Rachid * BEYDOUN Mohamed * BOUSTANY Assaad * CHAMLIAN Hratchia * CHAMOUN Camille * DAOU Youssef * DAOUD Nassif * DERKALOUSTIAN Movsès * EDDE Emile * al-FADL Muhammad * FERZLI Adib * FRANGIE Hamid * GEAGEA Wahib * GHOBRIL Nassib * HAID AR Ibrahim * HRAOUI Youssef * HUSSEINI Ahmad * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KANAAN Maroun * KARAME Abdul Hamid * KAZAOUN Rifaat * al-KHALIL Kazem "KHATIB Abdel Ghani * KHOURY Béchara * KHOURY Boutros * LAHOUD Emile * MOUSTAFA Mohamed-al * MUNLA Saadi * MURR Gabriel * NACCACHE Alfred * NAIM Wadi'

Ilnd LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (25 May 1947 - 20 March 1951) LIST OF DEPUTIES (55 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

* Sabri HAMADE * Gibrane NAHAS

* al-ABBOUD Muhammad * ABI CHAHLA Habib * ABILLAMA Raif * ABOU JAOUDE Khalil * al-ALI Suleiman * ARSLANE Majid * ARYANE Chibli * al-ASSAAD Ahmad * AZAR Ibrahim * AZIMI Muhammad * BERJAOUI Ahmad * BEYDOUN Rashid * CHAMOUN Camille * CHAMOUN Youssef * DAOU Youssef * DERKALOUSTIAN Movses * FADDOUL Youssef * al-FADL Muhammad * al-FADL Ahmed Nassouh * FERZLI Adib * FRANGIEH Hamid * FREIGE Moussa de * GHOLMIYE Nassar * HAID AR Ibrahim 453

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 * * * *

HAIRABEDIAN Melkon HITTI Youssef HUSSEINI Ahmad ISSA AL-KHOURY Nadra JISR Adnane * JOUMBLATT Kam al * KARAM Youssef * KAZAOUN Rifaat * KHAZEN Farid * KHOURY Chahid * KHOURY Elias * KHOURY Salim MOUFARREGE Michel MUKADDAM Fayez * MURR Gabriel * Ν AIM Wai' * NAKHLE Amine * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEYNI Hussein * PHARAON Henri * SAFIEDDINE Muhammad * SKAFF Joseph * SOLH Riad * SOLH Sami * TAKIEDDINE Bahije * TAKLA Philippe * YAFI Abdallah * ZEIN Youssef * ZOUAIN Georges

* CHAMOUN Camille * CHEHAB Souheil * DAHER Chafik * DAOUD Salim * DERKALOUSTIAN Movsès * DOUMIT Michel * al-FADL Muhammad * al-FADL Ahmed Nassouh * FATIMI Muhammad * FRANGIEH Hamid * FREIGE Moussa de * HAID AR Ibrahim * HAGE Abdallah HAGE Albert * HAMADE Fadlallah * HAMADE Sabri * HAIRABEDIAN Melkon HELOU Charles * HRAOUI Youssef * HUSSEINI Ahmad * HUSSEINI Hachem ISSAL-KHOURY Kabalan * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KANAAN Maroun * KARAM Georges * KARAM Youssef * KARAME Rachid * KAZAOUN Rifaat * KHATIB Anwar * KHAZEN Salim * KHOURY Elias * KHOURY Salim * LAHOUD Emile * LAHOUD Raphaël * MOUTRAN Habib * MUNLA Saadi * OSMAN Bashir * PHARAON Henri * RAHME Kabalan * SAFIEDDINE Muhammad * SALAM Saëb * SALEM Nicolas * SARKIS Ramez * SARRAF Yacoub * SKAFF Jean * SOLH Riad * SOLH Sami * STEPHAN Antoine * SURSOCK Scandar * TAKIEDDINE Bahije * TAKLA Philippe * TOSBATH Dikran TUENI Ghassan * TRABOULSI Elias * YAFI Abdallah

Illrd LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (5 June 1951-3 May 1953) LIST OF DEPUTIES (77 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

* Ahmad al-ASSAAD * Fouad KHOURY

* ABI CHAHLA Habib * ABOUJAOUDE Elias AKL Camille al-ALI Hussein * al-ALI Suleiman ARAB Suleiman * ARSLANE Majid * al-A'WAR Bashir * AZAR Rachad * BADREDDINE Ali * BAZZI Ali * BEYDOUN Rashid * BEYHUM Amine * BORT Fouad * BOULOS Philippe * BOUSTANY Emile * CHADER Joseph 454

BROAD SURVEY Vth LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (30 June 1957 - 4 May 1960)

ZAWK Kabouli * ZOUAIN Georges IVth LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (13 August 1953 - 7 May 1957)

LIST OF DEPUTIES (66 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

LIST OF DEPUTIES (44 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

* Adel OSEYRANE Ghassan TUENI

* Adel OSSEYRANE' * Joseph CHADER

* ABOU FADEL Mounir * ABOUJAOUDE Elias * AKL Georges * al-ACHKAR Assad AMMAR Mahmoud * ARSLANE Majid al-ASSAAD Kamel * AZIZ Jean * BABIKIAN Khatchig * BAYOUD Assaad * BAZZI Ali BEYDOUN Rashid * BORT Fouad * BOUEZ Nouhad * BOUSTANY Emile * COSMA Farid DAHER Mikhail * DAOUD Salim * DERKALOUSTIAN Movsès * EDDE Pierre * EDDE Raymond al-FADL Muhammad * al-FADL Ahmed Nassouh * FERZLI Adib * FRANGIEH Hamid * HAID AR Ibrahim * HAMADE Kahtan * HAMADE Sabri * HANNA Raouf * HARB Jean * HIBRI Khalil * HONEIN Edouard * HOSS Fawzi * HRAOUI Youssef * HUSSEINI Hachem JISR Abdallah * KADRI Nazem * KARAME Rashid * al-KHALIL Kazem * KHATIB Anwar * KHAZEN Clovis * LAHOUD Salim * MAJDALANI Nassim * MALEK Charles MEKKAOUI Jamil * MOAWAD René * MUGHABGHAB Nairn

* AKL Georges * ARSLANE Majid * al-ASSAAD Ahmad * al-ASSAAD Muhammad * al-A'WAR Bashir *BERJAOUI Ahmed BIZRI Nazih * BOUSTANI Emile * CHADER Joseph * DERKALOUSTIAN Movsès * EDDE Pierre * EDDE Raymond al-FADL Ahmed Nassouh * FERZLI Adib * FRANGIE Hamid * GHOSN Fouad * HAID AR Salini * HAGE Abdallah * HAMADE Sabri * HANNA Raouf * HARB Jean * HRAOUI Georges * HUSSEINI Hachem * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KANAAN Maroun * KARAME Rashid * al-KHALIL Kazem * KHAZEN Clovis * LAHOUD Emile * MUGHABGHAB Nairn * MURR Gabriel * NACCACHE Alfred * OSMAN Mostapha * SALEM Nicolas * SKAFF Joseph * SOLH Sarni * TOK Said * TOSBATH Dikran * YAF1 Abdallah * ZEIN Youssef * ZOUAIN Maurice

455

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 * MORTADA Chafik MOSTAPHA Abdel Karirn * MOUKHEIBER Albert NASSIF Chafik * OSMAN Bashir RAHME Kabalan * SAAD Maarouf * SALEM Nicolas * SKAFF Joseph * SOLH Sarni * SOLH Takieddine * TAKLA Philippe * TOSBATH Dikran * TRABOULSI Henri WAHID Rida * ZEIN Youssef * ZOUAIN Maurice

* CHEHAB Abdel Aziz * CHEHAB Khaled DANA Osman DANDACHE Fadlallah DEBS Michael * DERKALOUSTIAN Movsès * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad * FAKHR Ruchdi FATFAT Muhammad FAWAZ Said * FRANGIEH Suleiman * GEMAYEL Maurice * GEMAYEL Pierre * GERMANOS Gabriel * GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid * HABCHI Murched HAFEZ Amine * HAJJAR Issam * HAKIM Adnane HAMZE Muhammed HARB Jean * HONEIN Edouard * HRAOUI Georges * HUSSEINI Hachem * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KAIROUZ Habib * KARAM Youssef * KARAME Rashid KHANAMIRIAN Souren * KHATIB Anwar * BOUSTANY Emile KHAZEN My m a Boustany+ * KHOURY Elias * KHOURY Khalil * LAHOUD Jamil * MACHNOUK Abdallah * MAJDALANI Nassim * MANSOUR Hussein MASRI Naïef * MOUAWAD René * MOUKARZEL Emile * MOUKHEIBER Albert * MOURTADA Chafik * MOUTRAN Habib NAFFAH Fouad NAJA Rafik * OSSEYRANE Adel OSSEYRANE Samih * SAAB Abdo * SAAD Charles * SAAD Maarouf * SAFIEDDINE Muhammad * SALAM Saëb

VIth LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (18 July 1960 - 19 February 1964) LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

* Sabri HAMADE * Mounir ABOU FADEL

ABBOUD Bassile al-ABDALLAH Ibrahim * ABDENNOUR Salem * ABOUCHARAF Louis * AKL Camille al-ALI Abdel Karim * al-ALI Suleiman * ALAMUDDINE Muhammad AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUNAziz * ARAB Suleiman ARYANE Chibli * ARSLANE Majid al-ASSAAD Kamel * al-A'WAR Bashir * AZIZ Jean * BABIKIAN Khatchig * BAYOUDAssaad * BAZZI Ali * al-BON Fouad Ghanem * BORT Fouad * BOUEZ Nouhad BOULOS Philippe BOUTROS Fouad * CHADER Joseph CHAHINE RaHk CHAMELIAN Vartkès * CHAMOUN Camille * CHARAFEDDINE Jaafar 456

BROAD SURVEY

* * * * * * *

SALEM Nicolas SALEM Youssef SARRAF Yacoub SEHNAOUI Antoine SKAFF Joseph SKAFF Michel SLIM Muhsen SOKKARIA Abdallah * SOLH Kazem * TAKIEDDINE Bahije * TALHOUK Fadlallah TOK Said ZEIN Abdel Latif

* * * * * * * * * * * *

+ On the death of Mr. Emile Boustany. Mrs. Myrna Boustany Khazen replaced him.

* *

VHth LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (8 May 1 9 6 4 - 7 April 1968)

* * * * * * * *

LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Kamel al-ASSAAD * Adib FERZLI

* ABOU FADEL Mounir al-ABDALLAH Mamdouh * ALAMUDDINE Muhammad AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUN Aziz ARAB Ali * ARSLANE Majid * ARYANE Chibli * AZIZ Jean * BABIKIAN Khatchig BERJAOUI Muhammad * BAYOUDAssaad * BEYDOUN Abdel Latif * BEYDOUN Rachid * BORT Fouad * BOUEZ Nouhad BOULOS Philippe * BOUSTANY Sami BOUTROS Fouad * CHADER Joseph * CHAHINE Ghaleb * CHARAFEDDINE Jaafar * CHEHAB Abdel Aziz CHEHAB Souheil DANA Osman DANDACHE Fadlallah DEBS Michaël * DERKALOUSTIAN Movsès * DOUEIHY Simaan * EDDE Raymond

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 457

FAKHRRuchdi FRANGIEH Suleiman FARHAT Michel GEMAYEL Maurice GEMAYEL Pierre GHOSN Fouad GHOTEIME Abdallah GIBRANE Farid HAFEZ Amin el HAMADE Sabri HARB Jean HONEIN Edouard HRAOUI Joseph HUSSEINI Ali HUSSEINI Hachem ISSAL-KHOURY Kabalan JOUMBLATT Kamaì KABBARA Salem KADDOUR Bahije KADRI Nazem KAIROUZ Bashir KAIROUZ Habib KANAAN Maroun KARAM Georges KARAME Rashid KAZAOUN Rifaat KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Anwar KHAZEN Elias KHOURY Elias KHOURY Khalil KHOURY Najib KHOURY Rashed LAHOUD Jamil LAHOUD Salim MAHMASSANI Subhi MAJDALANI Nassim MALEH Antoine MANSOUR Hussein MASRI Naïef MOGHABGHAB Joseph MOUAWAD René MOUKARZEL Emile MOUKHEIBËR Albert OSMAN Bachir SAAD Charles SAAD Maarouf SABBAH Anwar SAFIEDDINE Muhammad SALAM Saëb SALHA Najib SAMAD Murchid SARRAF Yacoub SEHNAOUI Antoine SEHNAOUI Simon SKAFF Joseph

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

SOLH Rashid * SOLH Sami * SOLH Takieddine TABOURIAN André * TAKIEDDINE Bahije * TALHOUK Fadlallah YAGHI Muhammad YOUNES Manuel *ZEIN Abdel Kérim ZEIN Abdel Latif * ZOUAIN Maurice

* GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid HAFEZ Amine * HAID AR Salim * HAJJAR Issam * HAKIM Adnane * HAKIM Bakhos * HAMADE Sabri * HONEIN Edouard * HRAOUI Antoine * HUSSEINI Hachem ISHAK Samir ISSAL-KHOURY Kabalan * JOUMBLATT Kam al KABBARA Salem * KADDOUR Bahige * KADRI Nazem * KAIROUZ Habib * KARAME Rashid KHANAMIRIAN Souren * KHATIB Anwar KHAZEN Khalil KHOURY Khalil KHOURY Nagib * LAHOUD Salim MADI Ali * MAALOUF Nasri * MANSOUR Hussein MASRI Naïef * al-MEISS Hassan Zahmoul * MOGHABGHAB Joseph * MOUAWAD René * MOUKARZEL Emile * MOUTRAN Habib MURR Michel * NAIM Nadim * OSMAN Bashir * OSSEYRANE Adel OSSEYRANE Samih * PHARAON Pierre RIFAI Hassan RIZ Κ Edmond * SAAB Abdo * SAAD Maarouf SAADE Antoine * SAADE Georges * SAFIEDDINE Muhammad * SALAM Saëb * SALEM Youssef * SALHAB Emile * SAMARA Raëf * SARRAF Yacoub S ASSINE Michel TABOURIAN André * TAKIEDDINE Bahije * TALHOUK Fadlallah

VHIth LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (7 April 1968 - 7 May 1972) LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Kamel al-ASSAAD * Nassim MAJDALANI

al-ABDALLAH Mamdouh * ABOU CHARAF Louis * ABOU FADEL Mounir ABOU KHATER Joseph * AKL Georges AKL Sayed AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUN Aziz * ARAB Ali * ARSLANE Majid * al-AWAR Bashir * AZIZ Jean * BABIKIAN Khatchig * BORT Fouad * BOUEZ Nouhad * CHADER Joseph CHAHINE Rafie * CHAMOUN Camille * CHARAFEDDINE Jaafar * CHEAITO Ibrahim DAHROUGE Camille DANA Osman * DAOUD Salim DEBS Michael * DERKALOUSTIAN Movsès * DOUEIHY Simaan * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad al-FADL Ahmed Nassouh * FAKHR Fakhr FATFAT Muhammad FAWAZ Said * FRANGIEH Suleiman * GEMAYEL Maurice * GEMAYEL Pierre 458

BROAD SURVEY

* TEHINI Fouad * WAZZAN Chafic * YAFI Abdallah ZEIN Abdellatif * ZEIN Abdel Majid ZOUAITER Muhammad

* * * *

HELOU Pierre HONEIN Edouard HRAOUI Elias HUSSEINI Hachem HUSSEINI Hussein * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KARAME Rashid * KEBBE Jamil * KEYROUZ Habib * al-KHALIL Ali * al-KHALIL Kazem KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Mounif KHATIB Zaher KHAZEN Elias KHEIR Saleh * KHOURYRached * LAHOUD Fouad * MAALOUF Nasri * MAALOUF Salim MAALOULI Michel * MANOUKIAN Antranik MANSOUR Albert * MANSOUR Hussein * MAZBOUDI Zaki * al-MEISS Hassan Zahmoul MERHEBI Talal * MOUAWAD René * MOUKHEIBER Albert NAFFAH Fouad * NAIM Nadim * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEIDATE Abdo RAFIE Abdel Majid * RASSI Abdallah RIFAI Hassan RIZK Edmond SOLH Rashid *ROUHANA Emile * SAADE Georges SABBAH Anwar * SALAM Saëb SALEM Nadim * SAMAD Murched * SAMARA Raëf SASSINE Michel * SERHAL Farid * SKAFF Joseph * TAKIEDDINE Bahije TOK Gibrane * TEHINI Fouad WAKIM Najah YAGHI Subhi * YEREVANIAN Ara ZEIN Abdelatif

IXth LEBANESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since May 1972) LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Kamel al-ASSAAD * Mounir ABOU FADEL

* al-ABDALLAH Ali * ABDENNOUR Salem * ABOU CHARAF Louis * al-ALI Suleiman * AMHAZ Abdel Mawla AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUN Aziz * ARSLANE Majid * ASSAF Toufic * al-A'WAR Bachir * BABIKIAN Khatchig Β ADR Chafic BAKHOS Auguste * BEYDOUN Abdellatif BEYDOUN Muhammad * BIZRI Nazih * CHADER Joseph * CHAHINE Rafie * CHAMOUN Camille DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Mikhaïl DAKROUBE Hamid DANA Osman * DAOUD Salim * DOUEIHY Simaan * EBLIGHATIAN Melkon * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad FADEL Maurice * FRANGIEH Antoine GEMAYEL Amine * GEMAYEL Pierre * GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid HABCHI Tarek HAFEZ Amine * HAKIM Bakhos * HAMADE Sabri * HAMMOUD Youssef HARB Boutros

459

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

* ZOUAIN Maurice

* * * * * *

KADRI Nazem KARAME Rashid KEBBE Jamil KEYROUZ Habib al-KHALIL Ali al-KHALIL Kazem KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Mounif KHATIB Zaher KHAZEN Elias KHEIR Saleh * KHOURY Rached * LAHOUD Fouad * MAALOUFNasri * MAALOUF Salim MAALOULI Michel * MANOUKIAN Antranik MANSOUR Albert * MANSOUR Hussein * MAZBOUDI Zaki * MEISS Hassan Zahmoul al MERHEBI Talal * MOUAWAD René * MOUKHEIBER Albert NAFFAH Fouad * NAIM Nadim * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEIDATE Abdo RAFIE Abdel Majid *RASSI Abdallah RIFAI Hassan RIZK Edmond SOLH Rashid * ROUHANA Emile * SAADE Georges SABBAH Anwar * SALAM Saëb SALEM Nadim * SAMAD Murched * SAMARA Raëf S ASSINE Michel * SERHAL Farid * SKAFF Joseph * TAKIEDDINE Bahije TOK Gibrane * TEH1NI Fouad WAKIM Najah YAGHI Subhi * YEREVANIAN Ara ZEIN Abdelatif * ZOUAIN Maurice

Xth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since May 1972) LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Hussein el HUSSEINI * Mounir ABOU FADEL

* al-ABDALLAH Ali * ABDENNOUR Salem * ABOU CHARAF Louis * al-ALI Suleiman * AMHAZ Abdel Mawla AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUNAziz * ARSLANE Majid ASSAAD Kamel al* ASSAFToufic * al-A'WAR Bachir * Β ABI ΚI AN Khatchig ΒADR Chafic BAKHOS Auguste * BEYDOUN Abdellatif BEYDOUN Muhammad * BIZ RI Nazih * CHADER Joseph * CHAHINE Rafie * CHAMOUN Camille DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Mikhail * DAKROUBE Hamid DANA Osman * DAOUD Salim * DOUEIHY Simaan * EBLIGHATIAN Melkon * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad FADEL Maurice * FRANGIEH Antoine * GEMAYEL Pierre * GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid HABCHI Tarek HAFEZ Amine * HAKIM Bakhos * HAMADE Sabri * HAMMOUD Youssef HARB Boutros * HELOU Pierre * HONEIN Edouard * HRAOUI Elias * HUSSEINI Hachem * JOUMBLATT Kamal

460

BROAD SURVEY Xlth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since May 1972)

* * * *

KEBBE Jamil KEYROUZ Habib al-KHALIL Ali al-KHALIL Kazem KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Mounif KHATIB Zaher KHAZEN Elias KHEIR Saleh * KHOURY Rached * LAHOUD Fouad * MAALOUF Nasri * MAALOUF Salim MAALOULI Michel * MANOUKIAN Antranik MANSOUR Albert * MANSOUR Hussein * MAZBOUDI Zaki * MEISS Hassan Zahm oui al MERHEBI Talal * MOUAWAD René * MOUKHEIBER Albert NAFFAH Fouad * NAIM Nadim * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEIDATE Abdo RAFIE Abdel Majid * RASSI Abdallah RIFAI Hassan RIZK Edmond * ROUHANA Emile * SAADE Georges SABBAH Anwar * SALAM Saëb SALEM Nadim * SAMAD Murched * SAMARA Raëf S ASSINE Michel * SERHAL Farid * SKAFF Joseph SOLH Rashid * TAKIEDDINE Bahije TOK Gibrane * TEHINI Fouad WAKIM Najah YAGHI Subhi * YEREVANIAN Ara ZEIN Abdelatif * ZOUAIN Maurice

LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Hussein el HUSSEINI * Mounir ABOU FADEL

* al-ABDALLAH Ali * ABDENNOUR Salem * ABOU CHARAF Louis * al-ALI Suleiman * AMHAZ Abdel Mawla AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUN Aziz * ARSLANE Majid ASSAAD Kamel el* ASSAF Toufic * al-AWAR Bachir * BABIKIAN Khatchig Β ADR Chafic BAKHOS Auguste * BEYDOUN Abdellatif BEYDOUN Muhammad * BIZRI Nazih * CHADER Joseph CHAHINE Rafie * CHAMOUN Camille DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Mikhail * DAKROUBE Hamid DANA Osman * DAOUD Salim * DOUEIHY Simaan * EBLIGHATIAN Melkon * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad FADEL Maurice * FRANGIEH Antoine * GEMAYEL Pierre * GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid HABCH1 Tarek HAFEZ Amine * HAKIM Bakhos * HAMADE Sabri * HAMMOUD Youssef HARB Boutros * HELOU Pierre * HONEIN Edouard * HRAOUI Elias * HUSSEINI Hachem * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KARAME Rashid

XHth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since May 1972) LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk)

461

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Hussein el HUSSEINI * Albert MOUKHEIBER*

KHATIB Mounif KHATIB Zaher KHAZEN Elias KHEIR Saleh * KHOURYRached * LAHOUD Fouad * MAALOUFNasri * MAALOUF Salim MAALOULI Michel * MANOUKIAN Antranik MANSOUR Albert * MANSOUR Hussein * MAZBOUDI Zaki * al-MEISS Hassan Zahmoul MERHEBI Talal * MOUAWAD René NAFFAH Fouad * NAIM Nadim * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEIDATE Abdo RAFIE Abdel Majid * RASSI Abdallah RIFAI Hassan RIZK Edmond * ROUHANA Emile * SAADE Georges SABBAH Anwar * SALAM Saëb SALEM Nadim * SAMAD Murched * SAMARA Raëf S ASSINE Michel * SERHAL Farid * SKAFF Joseph SOLH Rashid * TAKIEDDINE Bahije TOK Gibrane * TEHINI Fouad WAKIM Najah YAGHI Subhi * YEREVANIAN Ara ZEIN Abdulatif * ZOUAIN Maurice

* al-ABDALLAH Ali * ABDENNOUR Salem * ABOU CHARAF Louis * ABOU FADEL Mounir * al-ALI Suleiman * AMHAZ Abdel Mawla AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUNAziz * ARSLANE Majid al-ASSAAD Kamel * ASSAF Toufic * al-A'WAR Bachir * BABIKIAN Khatchig BADR Challe BAKHOS Auguste * BEYDOUN Abdellatif BEYDOUN Muhammad * BIZRI Nazih * CHADER Joseph CHAHINE Rafie * CHAMOUN Camille DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Mikhail * DAKROUBE Hamid DANA Osman * DAOUD Salim * DOUEIHY Simaan * EBLIGHATIAN Melkon * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad FADEL Maurice * FRANGIEH Antoine * GEMAYEL Pierre * GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid HABCH1 Tarek HAFEZ Amine * HAKIM Bakhos * HAMADE Sabri * HAMMOUD Youssef HARB Boutros * HELOU Pierre * HONEIN Edouard * HRAOUI Elias * HUSSEINI Hachem * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KARAME Rashid * KEBBE Jamil * KEYROUZ Habib * al-KHALIL Ali * al-KHALIL Kazem KHANAMIRIAN Souren

+ On 29.1.1987 The Deputy-Speaker Mr. Mounir ABOU FADEL passed away and Mr. Albert MOUKHEIBER was elected as Deputy-Speaker on 17/3/1987. XHIth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since May 1972) LIST OF DEPUTIES (99 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker

462

Hussein el HUSSEINI

BROAD SURVEY

Deputy-Speaker

* Albert MOUKHEIBER

KHATIB Zaher KHAZEN Elias KHEIR Saleh * KHOURY Rached * LAHOUD Fouad * MAALOUFNasri * MAALOUF Salim MAALOULI Michel * MANOUKIAN Antranik MANSOUR Albert * MANSOUR Hussein * MAZBOUDI Zaki * al-MEISS Hassan Zahmoul MERHEBI Talal * MOUAWAD René NAFFAH Fouad * NAIM Nadim * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEIDATE Abdo RAFIE Abdel Majid * RASSI Abdallah RIFAI Hassan RIZK Edmond SOLH Rashid * ROUHANA Emile * SAADE Georges SABBAH Anwar * SALAM Saëb SALEM Nadim * SAMAD Murched * SAMARA Raëf S ASSINE Michel * SERHAL Farid * SKAFF Joseph * TAKIEDDINE Bahije TOK Gibrane * TEHINI Fouad WAKIM Najah YAGHI Subhi * YEREVANIAN Ara ZEIN Abdulatif * ZOUAIN Maurice

* al-ABDALLAH Ali * ABDENNOUR Salem * ABOU CHARAF Louis * ABOU FADEL Mounir * al-ALI Suleiman * AMHAZ Abdel Mawla AM MAR Mahmoud * AOUNAziz * ARSLANE Majid al-ASSAAD Kamel * ASSAF Toufic * al-AWAR Bachir * BABIKIAN Khatchig Β ADR Chafic BAKHOS Auguste * BEYDOUN Abdellatif BEYDOUN Muhammad * BIZRI Nazih * CHADER Joseph CHAHINE Rafie * CHAMOUN Camille DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Mikhail * DAKROUBE Hamid DANA Osman * DAOUD Salim * DOUEIHY Simaan EBLIGHATIAN Melkon * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad FADEL Maurice *FRANGIEH Antoine * GEMAYEL Pierre * GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid HABCHI Tarek HAFEZ Amine * HAKIM Bakhos * HAMADE Sabri * HAMMOUD Youssef HARB Boutros * HELOU Pierre * HONEIN Edouard * HRAOUI Elias * HUSSEINI Hachem * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KARAME Rashid * KEBBE Jamil * KEYROUZ Habib * al-KHALIL Ali * al-KHALIL Kazem KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Mounif

XlVth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since May 1972) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Hussein el HUSSEINI Michel MAALOULI

* al-ABD ALLAH Ali * ABDENNOUR Salem * ABOU CHARAF Louis * ABOU FADEL Mounir * al-ALI Suleiman 463

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 * AMHAZ Abdel Mawla AMMAR Mahmoud * AOUN Aziz * ARSLANE Majid al-ASSAAD Kamel * ASSAF Toufic * al-A'WAR Bachir * BABIKIAN Khatchig Β ADR Chafic BAKHOS Auguste * BEYDOUN Abdellatif BEYDOUN Muhammad * BIZ RI Nazih * CHADER Joseph CHAHINE Rafie * CHAMOUN Camille DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Mikhaïl * DAKROUBE Hamid DANA Osman * DAOUD Salim * DOUEIHY Simaan * EBLIGHATIAN Melkon * EDDE Raymond ESBER Ahmad FADEL Maurice * FRANGIEH Antoine * GEMAYEL Pierre * GHOSN Fouad * GIBRANE Farid HABCH1 Tarek HAFEZ Amine * HAKIM Bakhos * HAMADE Sabri * HAMMOUD Youssef HARB Boutros * HELOU Pierre * HONEIN Edouard * HUSSEINI Hachem * JOUMBLATT Kamal * KADRI Nazem * KARAME Rashid * KEBBE Jamil * KEYROUZ Habib * al-KHALIL Ali * al-KHALIL Kazem KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Mounif KHATIB Zaher KHAZEN Elias KHEIR Saleh * KHOURY Rached * LAHOUD Fouad * MAALOUF Nasri * MAALOUF Salim * MANOUKIAN Antranik

MANSOUR Albert * MANSOUR Hussein * MAZBOUDI Zaki * al-MEISS Hassan Zahmoul MERHEBI Talal * MOUKHEIBER Albert * MOUAWAD René NAFFAH Fouad * NAIM Nadim * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEIDATE Abdo RAFIE Abdel Majid * RASSI Abdallah RIFAI Hassan RIZK Edmond SOLH Rashid * ROUHANA Emile * SAADE Georges SABBAH Anwar * SALAM Saeb SALEM Nadim * SAMAD Murched * SAMARA Raëf SASSINE Michel * SERHAL Farid * SKAFF Joseph * TAKIEDDINE Bahije TOK Gibrane * TEHINI Fouad WAKIM Najah YAGHI Subhi ZEIN Abdulatif * ZOUAIN Maurice XVth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since June 1991) LIST OF DEPUTIES (108 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Hussein el HUSSEINI Michel MAALOULI

* al-ABDALLAH Ali * ABDENNOUR Salem ABDURRAHMAN Abdurrahman Mohamed ABOU HAMDANE Mahmoud Fares * AMHAZ Abdel Mäwla al-AMINE Abdallah Mohamed AMMAR Mahmoud ARSLANE Talal Majid al-ASSAAD Kamel * ASSAF Toufic BAARINI Wajih Mohamed * BABIKIAN Khatchig Β ADR Chafic

464

BROAD SURVEY

BAKHOS Auguste BARSOUMIAN Chahé Wahram BERRI Nabih Moustapha BEYDOUN Muhammad Abdel Hamid BEYDOUN Muhammad Youssef * BIZRI Nazih BOUEIZ Fares Nouhad CHADER Antoine Joseph CHAHINE Rafie CHEHAYEB Akram Hussein DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Mikhail * DAKROUB Hamid DALLOUL Mohsen Ali DANA Osman DAOUD Faysal Salim DOUEIHY Estephan Boutros * EBLIGHATIAN Melkon * EDDE Raymond EID Ali Youssef Ali Eid ESBER Ahmad FADEL Maurice FERZLI Elie Najib FRANGIEH Suleiman Antoine * GIBRANE Farid HABCHI Tarek HAFEZ Amine HAGE Mounir Fayez HAMADE Marwan Mohamed * HAMMOUD Youssef HARB Boutros * HELOU Pierre * HOBEIKA Elias Joseph * HONEIN Edouard HRAOUI Roy Elias * HUSSEINI Hachem JAAFAR Ali Hamad JAROUDI Mohamed Abdel Kader JOUMBLATT Walid Kamal KARAME Omar Abdel Hamid KASSAB Georges Aziz * KEBBE Jamil * KEYROUZ Habib * al-KHALIL Ali al-KHALIL Anwar Mohamed KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Mounif KHATIB Zäher KHAZEN Elias KHEIR Saleh * KHOURY Rached LAHOUD Nassib Salim * MAALOUF Nasri * MANOUKIAN Antranik MANSOUR Albert * MANSOUR Hussein

* MAZBOUDI Zaki al-MEISS Mohamed Ali Said MERHEBI Talal MESSEIKE Omar Chawkat Moustapha MOUAWAD Nayla * MOUKHEIBER Albert MOURAD Abdelrahim Youssef MURR Michel Elias NAFFAH Fouad OBEID Jean Badaoui * OSSEYRANE Adel * OUEIDATE Abdo RAFIE Abdel Majid * RASSI Abdallah RIFAI Hassan RIZK Edmond * ROUHANA Emile S A AD Fouad Raji SAADE SALIM Abdallah * SAADE Georges SABA Elias Chukri SABBAH Anwar SAKR Adel Eid * SALAM Saëb SALEM Nadim SAMAD Hamad Mohamed Ali Kassem * SAMARA Raëf S ASSINE Michel SCHOUCAIR Aymane Chawkat * SERHAL Farid * SKAFF Joseph SOLH Rachid TOK Gibrane * TEHINI Fouad WAKIM Najah YAGHI Subhi ZEIN Abdulatif XVIth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since October 20, 1992) LIST OF DEPUTIES (128 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Nabih BERRI Elie FERZLI

ABDELNOUR Khalil ABDELRAHMAN Abdelrahman ABOUFADEL Marwan ABOUFADEL Riad ABOU HAMDAN Mahmoud ACHKAR Ghassan AJAMI Ahmed AKL Sayed ALAWIYEH Hassan 465

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

*

*

* *

* KAIROUZ Habib KAIROUZ Rabia KANAAN Sleiman KARAME Omar KASSARGI Georges KHALIL Ali KHALIL Antoine KHALIL Anwar KHANAMIRIAN Souren KHATIB Sami KHATIB Zaher Κ HAZE Ν Elias * KHAZEN Rocheid KHEIR Saleh KHOURY Maha Assaad KHOURY Michel LAHOUD Nassib MAALOUFYoussef MATTAR Ghassan MERHEBI Talal MERHEGE Bechara MISKAOUI Omar MITA Ali MOUAWAD Nayla MOUCARRI Farid * MOUGHAIZEL Joseph MOURAD Abderrahim MOUSSA Michel MURR Michel NAAMAN Issam NEHME Georges Dib OBEID Jean OBEIDI Zuheir OSSEIRAN Ali RA AD Mohamed ROPHAEL Seoud * RASSY Abdallah SAAD Fouad * SAAD Moustapha SAADE Selim SABEH Bassem SADEK Mohamed SALEM Nadim SAMAHA Michel * SARRAF Riad SAYED Ibrahim SCHOUCAIR Ayman SKAFF Elie SOLH Rachid SOUWED Ahmed TAHA Ali TEBBO Mahmoud TERRO Alaeddine * TLEISS Khodr TRABOULSI Adnan WAKIM Najah ZEIN Abdellatif

AMIN Abdallah AMMARAli AOUAD Mahmoud AOUN Samir ARSLAN Talal ASMAR Asmar ASSAAD Said AZAR Samir BAARINI Wajih BABIKIAN Khatchik BAKHOS Auguste BARSOUMIAN Chahé BAYAN Ibrahim BERJAOUI Mohamed BEYDOUN Mohamed A. BEYDOUN Mohamed Y. BONE Mansour BOUEZ Farès BOUSTANI Nabil CHAMAS Yehia CHEHAYEB Akram DAHER Mikhail DALLOUL Mohsen DAOUD Faisal DEMERJIAN Noryean DJERJIAN Yeghia DOUEIH1 Estephan EID Ali EZZEDINE Hassan FAKHOURY Oussama FATTOUCH Nicolas FNEICH Mohamed FRANGIEH Sleiman T. GHANEM Jean GHANEM Robert GHOSN Fayez HABIB Selim HAFEZ Amin HAKIM Habib HAMADEH Marwan HARDANE Assaad HARIRI Bahia HARMOUCHE Assaad HEJEIRY Mounir HELOU Pierre HEMAYED Ayoub HOBEIKA Elie HOSS Selim HRAOUI Khalil HUSSEINI Hussein ISSAL KHOURY Kabalan JABER Imad JOKHADARIAN Agop JOUMBLAT Walid KABBANI Mohamed KABBARA Mohamed 466

BROAD SURVEY

ZIADE Camille YAGHI Mohamed YAKAN Fathi YOUNES Manuel

FADEL Maurice * FAKHOURY Chawki FARES Issam FARES Marwan FATFAT Ahmed FATTOUCH Nicolas FNEICH Mohamed FRANGIEH Sleiman T. * GHANEM Jean GHANEM Robert GHOSN Fayez GHOSN Nicolas HADDAD Antoine HAKIM Habib HAMADEH Marwan HARARE Salah HARB Boutros HARD ANE Assaad HARIRI Bahia * HARIRI Rafie HASSAN Hussein Hajj HBOUS Ahmed HEMAYED Ayoub HITTI Antoine HOBEICHE Fawzi * HOBEIKA Elie HOSS Selim HOVNANIAN Sebouh HRAOUI Khalil HUSSEINI Hussein ISSAL KHOURY Kabalan ITANI Bahaeddine JABER Yassine JOKHADARIAN Agop JOUMBLAT Walid KABBARA Mohamed KAIROUZ Rabia KANAAN Sleiman KANSO Assem Κ ARAME Ahmed Κ AR AM E Omar KASSARGI Georges KASSIR Abdallah * KHALIL Ali KHALIL Ali Hassan KHALIL Anwar KHATIB Sami KHATIB Zaher KHAZEN Elias * KHAZEN Rocheid KHEIR Saleh KHREISS Ali LAHOUD Nassib MAKARI Farid MANSOUR Nazih MATTAR Ghassan

N.B.: Mr. Abdalla Rassi passed away on 5 Jan. 1994; and Mr. Karim Abdallah Rassi was elected in his place on 27/2/1994. Mr. Joseph Moughaizel passed away on 29 May 1995; and Me. Nasri Maalouf was elected in his place on 16/7/1995. XVIIth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since October 22, 1996) LIST OF DEPUTIES (128 members) (Names of the deceased carry an asterisk) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Nabih BERRI Elie FERZLI

ABDELNOUR Khalil ABDELNOUR Abdelrahman ABOU H AIDAR Raj i ABOU HAMDAN Mahmoud * ABOU SLEIMAN Chaker ACHKAR Ghassan AHDAB Mosbah AKL Sayed * AKL Wadih ALAWIYEH Hassan ANDRAOS Antoine AOUAD Mahmoud ARAKJI Adnan ARSLAN Talal AZAR Samir BAARINI Wajih * BABIKIAN Khatchik BAYAN Ibrahim BEJJANI Abdo BEYDOUN Mohamed A. BEYDOUN Mohamed Y. BONE Mansour BOUEZ Fares BOUSTANI Nabil CHAMMAS Jamil CHEHAYEB Akram DACCACHE Pierre DAHER Khaled DALLOUL Mohsen DAOUD Faisal DEDEYAN Abraham DEMERDJIAN Hagop DIAB Selim DJEREDJIAN Yeghia DOUEIH1 Estephan

467

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

MERHEBI Talal MEISS Mohamed Ali MERHEGE Bechara MISKAOUI Omar MOUAWAD Nayla MOURAD Abderrahim MOUSSA Michel MOUSSAWI Ammar MURR Michel NAUFAL Emile NEHME Georges Dib OBEID Jean OSSEIRAN Ali PHARAON Michel RAAD Mohamed SAAB Khaled * SAAD Moustapha SABEH Bassem SALAM Tamam SALEM Nadim SAMAD Jihad * SARRAF Riad SAYED Ibrahim SCHOUCAIR Ayman SKAFF Elie SOUEID Nohad SOUWED Ahmed SUCCARIEH Ismail TERRO Alaeddine TOK Gibrane WAKIM Najah ZEATTER Ghazi ZEIN Abdellatif ZIADE Camille YATIM Hussein

Agop JOKHADARIAN Ghassan MATTAR Bechara MERHEGE Michel PHARAON Khaled SAAB Tamam SALAM Najah WAKIM Hussein YATIM MOUNT LEBANON (35 Seats) Baabda Pierre DACCACHE * Jean GHANEM Salah HARAKE * Elie HOBEIKA Bassem SABEH Ayman SCHOUCAIR Matn Raj i ABOUHAIDAR Chaker ABOUSLEIMAN Ghassan ACHKAR Antoine HADDAD Habib HAKIM Sebouh HOVNANIAN Nassib LAHOUD Michel MURR Shuf Khalil ABDELNOUR * Wadih AKL Nabil BOUSTANI Marwan HAMADEH Walid JOUMBLAT Zäher KHATIB Georges Dib NEHME Alaeddine TERRO Aley Antoine ANDRAOS Talal ARSLAN Abdo BEJJANI Akram CHEHAYEB Antoine HITTI Kisrawan Mansour BONE Fares BOUEZ Elias KHAZEN Rocheid KHAZEN Camillle ZIADEH Jbayl Mahmoud AOUAD Emile NAUFAL Nohad SOUEID

N.B.: Mr. Khatchik Babikian passed away on 4 Nov. 1999; and Mr. Andre Tabourian was elected in his place on 19/12/1999. REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEATS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Since 22 October 1996 BEIRUT (19 Seats) BEIRUT Adnan ARAKJI * Khatchik BABIBKIAN Mohamed Y. BEYDOUN Jamil CHAMMAS Abraham DEDEYAN Hagop DEMERDJIAN Salim DIAB Yeghia DJEREJIAN * Rafie HARIRI Selim HOSS Bahaeddine ITANI

NORTH LEBANON (28 Seats) Tripoli Mosbah AHDAB Maurice FADEL Ahmed HBOUS Mohamed KABBARA Ahmed KARAME Omar KARAME Omar MISKAOUI Jean OBEID Tripoli Caza Ahmed FATFAT

468

BROAD SURVEY

Zghorta

Bisharreh Koura

Batroun Akkar

Saleh KHEIR Jihad SAMAD Estephan DOUEIffl Sleiman T. FRANGIEH Nayla MOUAWAD Kabalan ISSAL KHOURY Gibrane TOK Fayez GHOSN Nicolas GHOSN FaridMAKARI Sayed AKL Boutros HARB Abdelrahman ABDELRAHMAN Wagih BAARINI Khaled DAHER Issam FARES Fawzi HOBEICHE Talal MERHEBI * Riad SARRAF

Nabatieh

Bint-Jbeil

Marjeyoun

Michel MOUSSA Ali OSSEIRAN Yassine JABER Mohamed RA AD Abdellatif ZEIN Hassan ALAWIYEH Mohamed FNEICH Ayoub HEMAYED Ali Hassan KHALIL Assaad HARDANE Anwar KHALIL Nazih MANSOUR Ahmed SOUWED

N.B.: Mr. Khatchik Babikian passed away on 4 Nov. 1999; and Mr. Andre Tabourian was elected in his place on 19/12/1999. XVIIIth NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since October 17, 2000)

BEKAA (23 Seats) Zahleh Mohsen DALLOUL * Chawki FAKHOURY Nicolas FATTOUCH Khalil HRAOUI Georges KASSARGI Mohamed Ali MEISS Elie SKAFF West-Bekaa Mahmoud ABOU HAMDAN Robert GHANEM Faisal DAOUD Elie FERZLI Sami KHATIB Abderrahim MOURAD Baalbeck Ibrahim BAYAN Hermel Marwan FARES Hussein Hajj HASSAN Hussein HUSSEINI Rabia KAIROUZ Assem KANSO Ammar MOUSSAWI Ibrahim SAYED Ismail SUCCARIEH Ghazi ZEATTER

LIST OF DEPUTIES (128 members) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Nabih BERRI Elie FERZLI

ABDELRAHMAN Abdelrahman ABI NASR Nemetallah ABOU HAMDAN Mahmoud ACHKAR Ghassan AHDAB Mosbah AKL Sayed AMMAR Ali ANDRAOS Antoine AOUN Elie Michel ARAKJI Adnan ARIDI Ghazi ARSLAN Tala AZAR Samir BAARINI Wagih BAYAN Ibrahim BAZZI Ali BERJAOUI Mohamed BERRI Nabih BEYDOUN Mohamed Α. BONE Mansour BOUEZ Fares BOUSTANI Nabil CHEHAYEB Akram DAHER Mikhael DALLOUL Mohsen DAOUD Faisal EIDO Walid FADEL Maurice FARES Issam FARES Marwan

SOUTH LEBANON (23 Seats) Sidon Bahia HARIRI * Moustapha SAAD Jezzine Samir AZAR Sleiman KANAAN Nadim SALEM Mohamed A. BEYDOUN Tyre Abdallah KASSIR Ali KHREISS * Ali Youssef KHALIL Zahrani Nabih BERRI

469

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 FARHAT Abdallah FATFAT Ahmed FATTOUCH Nicolas FERZLI Elie * FLEIHAN Bassel FNEICH Mohamed FRANGIEH Sleiman T. FREIGE Nabil de * FREM Georges N. GEMAYEL Pierre A. GHANEM Antoine GHANEM Robert GHOSN Fayez HACHEM Abbas HACHEM Kassem HADDAD Antoine HAJJAR Mohamed Kassem HAMADEH Marwan HARB Boutros HARD ANE Assaad HARIRI Bahia * HARIRI Rafie HASSAN Hussein Hajj HBOUS Ahmed * HELOU Pierre HEMAYED Ayoub HONEIN Salah HOUJEIRI Massoud HOVNANIAN Sebouh HRAOUI Khalil HUSSEINI Hussein ISMAIL Jamal ISSAL KHOURY Kabalan JABER Yassine JALLOUL Ghinwa JEREGIAN Yeghya JOUMBLAT Walid KABBANI Mohamed KABBARA Mohamed KANDIL Nasser KANSO Assem KARAME Omar KASARDJIAN Hagop KASSARGI Georges KASSIR Abdallah KHALIL Ali Hassan * KHALIL Ali Youssef KHALIL Anwar KHATIB Sami KHAZEN Farid KHEIR Saleh KHOURY Antoine KHOURY Ghattas KHOURY Nazem KHREISS Ali LAHOUD Emile E

LAHOUD Nassib MAALOUF Youssef MAJDALANI Atef MAKARI Farid MANSOUR Nazih MEISS Mohamed Ali MERHEGE Bechara MIKATI Negib MOUAWAD Cesar MOUAWAD Nayla * MOUKHEIBER Albert MOURAD Abderrahim MOUSSA Michel MOUSSAWI Ammar MURR Michel NAJM Georges NEHME George Dib OBEID Jean OGASSABIAN Jean OSSEYRAN Ali PHARAON Michel RAAD Mohamed RACI Karim SAAD Fouad * SAAD Moustapha SAADE Salim SABEH Bassem SAFADI Mohamed SAMAD Jihad SHOUCAIR Ayman SKAFF Elie SOUED Fares SUCCAR Nader TERRO Alaeddine TOHME Nehme TOK Gibrane TORSARKISSIAN Serge YAGHI Mohamed YAMOUT Bassem YEHIA Mohamed ZEAITER Ghazi ZEIN Abdellatif N.B.: Mr. Albert Mokheiber passed away on 14 April 2002; Mr. Gabriel Murr was elected in his place on June 2, 2002, and withdrew from partial elections in Metn, following the decision of the Constitutional Council; Mr. Ghassan Mokheiber was appointed in his place, by the Constitutional Council on Nov. 4, 2002. - Mr. Moustapha Saad passed away on July 25, 2002; Mr. Oussama Saad was elected in his place on Sept. 15, 2002. - Mr. Pierre Helou passed away on Aug. 3, 2003; Mr. Henri Helou was elected in his place on Sept. 14, 2003. 470

BROAD SURVEY

REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEATS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Since October 17, 2000

HONEIN Salah SAAD Fouad SABEH Bassem SHOUCAIR Ayman Mount Lebanon 4 (Chouf) AOUN Elie Michel BOUSTANI Nabil HAJJAR Mohamed Kassem HAMADEH Marwan JOUMBLAT Walid NEHME George Dib TERRO Alaeddine TOHME Nehme

Beirut Circonscription (19 seats): Beirut 1 (Ashrafíeh-Mazraa-Saifí) ARAKJI Adnan * FLEIHAN Bassel * HARIRI Rafie KHOURY Ghattas MAJD ALANI Atef PHARAON Michel Beirut 2 (Mossaitbeh-Bashoura-Rmeil) BERJAOUI Mohamed EIDO Walid FREIGE Nabil de JEREGIAN Yeghya MERHEGE Bechara YAMOUT Bassem Beirut 3 (Ain Mreisseh-Ras Beirut-Zokak Blatt-Medawar-Port-Mina el-Hosn) ARIDI Ghazi JALLOUL Ghinwa RABBANI Mohamed KANDIL Nasser KASARDJIAN Hagop OGASSABIAN Jean TORSARKISSIAN Serge

North Lebanon Circonscription (28 seats) North Lebanon 1 (Akkar-Dinnyeh-Besharreh) ABDELRAHMAN Abdelrahman BAARINI Wagih DAHER Mkhael FARES Issam FATFAT Ahmed ISMAIL Jamal ISSA KHOURY Kabalan RACI Karim SAMAD Jihad TOK Gibrane YEHIA Mohamed North Lebanon 2 (Tripoli-Minieh-Zghorta-BatrounKoura) AHDAB Mosbah AKL Sayed FADEL Maurice FRANGIEH Sleiman T. GHOSN Fayez HARB Boutros HBOUS Ahmed KABBARA Mohamed KARAME Omar KHEIR Saleh MAKARI Farid MIKATI Negib MOUAWAD Cesar MOUAWAD Nayla OBEID Jean SAADE Salim SAFADI Mohamed

Mount Lebanon Circonscription (35 seats): Mount Lebanon 1 (Jbeil-Kesrouan) ABI NASR Nemetallah BONE Mansour BOUEZ Fares FREM Georges N. HACHEM Abbas KHAZEN Farid KHOURY Nazem SOUED Fares Mount Lebanon 2 (Metn) ACHKAR Ghassan GEMAYEL Pierre A. HADDAD Antoine HOVNANIAN Sebouh LAHOUD Emile E. LAHOUD Nassib * MOUKHEIBER Albert MURR Michel Mount Lebanon 3 (Baabda-Aley) AMMAR Ali ANDRAOS Antoine ARSLAN Talal CHEHAYEB Akram FARHAT Abdallah GHANEM Antoine * HELOU Pierre

Bekaa Circonscription (23 seats) Bekaa 1 (Baalbeck-Hermel) BAYAN Ibrahim FARES Marwan HASSAN Hajj HOUJEIRI Massoud HUSSEINI Hussein KANSO Assem

471

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

MOUSSAWI Aramar SUCCAR Nader YAGHI Mohamed ZEATTER Ghazi Bekaa 2 (zahle) DALLOUL Mohsen FATTOUCH Nicolas HRAOUI Khalil KASSARGI Georges MAALOUFYoussef MEISS Mohamed Ali SKAFF Elie Bekaa 3 (West Bekaa-Rachaya) ABOU HAMDAN Mahmoud DAOUD Faisal FERZLI Elie GHANEM Robert KHATIB Sami MOURAD Abderrahim South Lebanon Circonscription (23 seats) South Lebanon (Sidon-Zahrani-Tyre-Bint Marjeyoun-Hasbaya-Nabatieh-Jezzine) AZAR Samir BAZZI Ali BERRI Nabih BEYDOUN Mohamed A. FNEICH Mohamed HACHEM Kassem HARDANE Assaad HARIRI Bahia HEMAYED Ayoub JABER Yassine KASSIR Abdallah KHALIL Ali Hassan KHALIL Ali Youssef KHALIL Anwar KHOURY Antoine KHREISS Ali MANSOUR Nazih MOUSSA Michel NAJM Georges OSSEYRAN Ali RAAD Mohamed * SAAD Moustapha ZEIN Abdellatif

- Mr. Pierre Helou passed away on Aug. 3, 2003; Mr. Henri Helou was elected in his place on Sept. 14, 2003. XIX NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (Since June 20, 2005) LIST OF DEPUTIES (128 members) Speaker Deputy-Speaker

Nabih BERRI Farid MAKARI

ABDEL AZIZ Kassem Ali ABI NASR Nemetallah ABOU FAOUR Waël ADWAN Georges AHDAB Mosbah ALAMEDDINE Hachem ALLOUCHE Moustapha AMMAR Ali ANDRAOS Antoine AOUN Elie Michel AOUN Michel AOUN Selim ARIDI Ghazi ARRAJI Assem ATALLAH Elias Hanna AZAR Samir BAZZI Ali BERRI Nabih BOULOS Jawad BOUSTANI Nabil CHAB Bassem el CHEHAYEB Akram CHIRY Amine DANDACHI Azzam E IDO Walid FADEL Maurice FADLALLAH Hassan FARES Marwan FARHAT Abdallah FATFAT Ahmed FATTOUCH Nicolas FNEICH Mohamed FRANGIEH Samir Hamid FREIGE Nabil de FTOUH Ahmed GEAGEA Setrida GEMAYEL Pierre A. GEMAYEL Solange GHANEM Antoine GHANEM Robert GHOSN Nicolas HABIB Farid HACHEM Abbas HACHEM Kassem HACHEM Moustapha Mohamed

Jbeil

N.B.: Mr. Albert Mokheiber passed away on 14 April 2002; Mr. Gabriel Murr was elected in his place on June 2,2002, and withdrew from partial elections in Metn, following the decision of the Constitutional Council; Mr. Ghassan Mokheiber was appointed in his place, by the Constitutional Council on Nov. 4, 2002. - Mr. Moustapha Saad passed away on July 25, 2002; Mr. Oussama Saad was elected in his place on Sept. 15, 2002.

472

BROAD SURVEY

HAIDAR Mohamed HAJJAR Mohamed Kassem HAMADEH Marwan HANNA Abdallah Raouf HARB Boutros HARD ANE Assaad HARIRI Bahia HARIRI Saad HASSAN Hussein Hajj HELOU Henri HEMAYED Ayoub HOBEICHE Hadi Fawzi HOUBALLAH Hassan HOURI Ammar HUSSEIN Moustapha Ali HUSSEINI Hussein JABER Yassine JALLOUL Ghinwa JARRAH Jamal JISR Samir JEREGIAN Yeghia JOUMBLAT Walid RABBANI Mohamed KABBARA Mohamed KAIROUZ Elie KANAAN Ibrahim KASSRDJIAN Hagop KASSARGI Georges KHALIL Ali Hassan KHALIL Anwar KHALIL Youssef Hanna KHAZEN Farid Elias KHOURY Antoine KHOURY Walid Najib KHREISS Ali MAALOUF Camille MAALOUF Edguard MAJD ALANI Atef MAKARI Farid MOKDAD Ali MOUAWAD Nayla MOUKHEIBER Ghassan MOURAD Mahmoud Bechir MOUSSA Michel MOZAYA Charnel Youssef MURR Michel NAIM Edmond NASRALLAH Nasser NICOLAS Nicolas OGASSABIAN Jean OSSEIRAN Ali PAKRADOUNIAN Hagop PHARAON Michel RAAD Mohamed RAHAL Riad Nicolas RIFAI Kamel Mohamed

SAAD Antoine Nicolas SAAD Fouad SAAD Oussama Maarouf SABEH Bassem SAFADI Mohamed SAHELI Nawar SALEH Abdelmajid SALHAB Selim SAYEGH Faiçal SERHAL Pierre SHOUCAIR Ayman SKAFF Elie SUCCAR Nader SUCCARIEH Ismail TABBARA Bahige TAKCH Jamal TERRO Alaeddine TOHME Nehme TORSARKISSIAN Serge TUENI Gebran WANNOUS Badr YAACOUB Hassan YOUSSEF Ghazi ZAHRA Antoine ZEAITER Ghazi ZEIN Abdellatif ZOUEIN Gilberte N. B: Mr. Gebran Tueni was assassinated on December 12, 2005; Mr. Ghassan Tueni was elected in his place on January 5, 2006. Mr. Edmond Naïm passed away on January 23, 2006; Dr. Pierre Daccache was elected in his place on February 16, 2006. REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEATS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Since June 20, 2005 Beirut Circonscription (19 seats): Beirut 1 (Achrafieh-Mazraa-Saifi) CHAB Bassem el GEMAYEL Solange HARIRI Saad HOURI Ammar PHARAON Michel TUENI Gebran Beirut 2 (Mossaitbeh-Bachoura-Rmeil) CHIRY Amine EIDO Walid FREIGE Nabil de JEREGIAN Yeghia MAJDALANI Atef TABBARA Bahige 473

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Beirut 3 (Ain Mreisseh-RasBeirut-Zokak Medawar-Port-Minet el-Hosn) ARIDI Ghazi JALLOUL Ghinwa RABBANI Mohamed KASSARDJIAN Hagop OGASSABIAN Jean TORSARKISSIAN Serge YOUSSEF Ghazi

Blatt-

GEAGEA Setrida HACHEM Moustapha Mohamed HANNA Abdallah Raouf HOBEICHE Hadi Fawzi HUSSEIN Moustapha Ali KAIROUZ Elie MOURAD Mahmoud Bechir RAHAL Riad Nicolas North Lebanon 2 (Tripoli-Minieh-Zghorta-BatrounKoura) AHDAB Mosbah ALAMEDDINE Hachem Mohamed ALLOUCHE Moustapha ATALLAH Elias Hanna BOULOS Jawad FADEL Maurice Habib FRANGIEH Samir Hamid GHOSN Nicolas HABIB Farid HARB Boutros JISR Samir el KABBARA Mohamed MAKARI Farid MOUAWAD Nayla SAFADI Mohamed WANNOUS Badr ZAHRA Antoine

Mount Lebanon Circonscription (35 seats): Mount Lebanon 1 (Jbeil-Kesrouan) ABI NASR Nemetallah AOUN Michel HACHEM Abbas KHALIL Youssef Hanna KHAZEN Farid Elias KHOURY Walid Najib MOZAYA Charnel Youssef ZOUEIN Gilberte Maurice Mount Lebanon 2 (Metn) GEMAYEL Pierre A. KANAAN Ibrahim MAALOUF Edgard MOUKHEIBER Ghassan MURR Michel NICOLAS Nabil PAKRADOUNIAN Hagop SALHAB Selim Mount Lebanon 3 (Baabda- Aley) AMMAR Ali ANDRAOS Antoine CHEHAYEB Akram FARHAT Abdallah GHANEM Antoine HELOU Henri NAIM Edmond SAAD Fouad SABEH Bassem SAYEGH Faiçal SHOUCAIR Ayman Mount Lebanon 4 (Chouf) ADWAN Georges AOUN Elie Michel BOUSTANI Nabil HAJJAR Mohamed Kassem HAMADEH Marwan JOUMBLAT Walid TERRO Alaeddine TOHME Nehme

Bekaa Circonscription (23 seats): Bekaa 1 (Baalbeck-Hermel) FARES Marwan HASSAN Hussein Hajj HUSSEINI Hussein MOKDAD Ali RIFAI Kamel Mohamed SAHELI Nawar SUCCAR Nader SUCCARIEH Ismail TAKCH Jam mal ZEAITER Ghazi Bekaa 2 (Zahle) AOUN Selim ARRAJI Assem FATTOUCH Nicolas KASSARGI Georges MAALOUF Camille SKAFF Elie YAACOUB Hassan Bekaa 3 (West Bekaa-Rachaya) ABOU FAOUR Waël FTOUH Ahmad GHANEM Robert JARRAH Jamal NASRALLAH Nasser SAAD Antoine Nicolas

North Lebanon Circonscription (28 seats): North Lebanon 1 (Akkar-Dinnyeh-Besharreh): ABDEL AZIZ Kassem Ali DANDACHI Azzam Hassan FATFAT Ahmad

474

BROAD SURVEY

South Lebanon Circonscription (23 seats): South Lebanon (Sidon-Zahräni-Tyre-Bint Marjeyoun-Hasbaya-Nabatieh-Jezzine) AZAR Samir BAZZI Ali BERRI Nabih FADLALLAH Hassan FNEICH Mohamed HACHEM Kassem HAID AR Mohamed HARD ANE Assaad HARIRI Bahia HEMAYEDAyoub HOUBALLAH Hassan JABER Yassine KHALIL Ali Hassan KHALIL Anwar

KHOURY Antoine KHREISS Ali MOUSSA Michel OSSEIRAN Ali RAAD Mohamed SAAD Oussama Maarouf SALEH Abdelmajid SERHAL Pierre ZEIN Abdellatif

Jbeil-

N.B: Mr. Gebran Tueni was assassinated on December 12, 2005; Mr. Ghassan Tueni was elected in his place on January 5, 2006. Mr. Edmon Naïm passed away on January 23, 2006; Dr. Pierre Daccache was elected in his place on February 16, 2006.

475

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

The Government Council of Ministers PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS AND THE NUMBER OF CABINETS OVER WHICH THEY PRESIDED DURING FRENCH MANDATE 1926-1943 * ADIB Auguste * AHDAB Kheireddine el * CHEHAB Khaled *DAOUK Ahmed * EDDE Emile * KHOURY Bechara el * SAAD Habib Bacha as

3 4 1 1 1 3 1

* SOLH Sami * YAFI ABDALLAH * ACCARI Nazem AOUN Michel * CHEHAB Fouad * CHEHAB Khaled DAOUK Ahmed HAFEZ Amin

1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1

SINCE INDEPENDENCE 1943 * HARIRI Rafie HOSS Salim * KARAME Abdul Hamid Κ ARAME Omar * KARAME Rashid MIKATI Najib * MUNLA Saadi * OUEINY Hussein RIFAI Noureddine

4 4 1 3 10 1 1 4 1

* SALAM Saeb SINIORA Fouad * SOLH Taldeddine SOLH Rashid * SOLH Riad * SOLH Sami * WAZZAN Chafic * YAFI Abdallah

N.B. Names of the deceased carry an asterisk.

476

6 1 1 2 6 7 2 8

BROAD SURVEY

LIST OF GOVERNMENT MINISTERS since 1943 SHOWING ALSO THE NUMBER OF CABINETS TO WHICH THEY PARTICIPATED * ABBOUD, Muhammad al ABDALLAH Ali Aijaj ABDALLAH, Ali Hussein * ABDALLAH, Hussein al ABDEL-KHALEK Mahmoud * ABI CHAHLA, Habib * ABILLAMA, Raif * ABOUCHARAF, Louis * ABOU FADEL, Mounir * ABOU HAID AR, Najib * ABOU HAMAD, Khalil ABOU HAMDAN, Mahmoud ABOU JAMRA, Issam * ABOU JAOUDE, Khalil * ABOU KHATER, Joseph * ACCARI, Nazem ADDOUM Adnane * AKL, Georges * ALAMUDDINE, Najib * ALI, Suleiman al AMINE, Abdallah AMMAR, Mahmoud * AMMOUN, Fouad AOUN, Michel ARAB, Ali ARIDI Ghazi * ARSLANE, Majid ARSLANE, Talal * ASSAF, Toufic * al-ASSAAD, Ahmad ASSAAD, Kamel al * AWAR, Bashir al AZHOUR, Jihad * AZIZ, Jean * BABIKIAN, Khatchig BARBIR, Farouk * BARBIR, Nassib BARSOUMIAN, Chahe * BAZZI, Ali BERRI, Nabih BEYDOUN, Mohamed Abdelhamid BEYDOUN, Mohamed Youssef BEYDOUN Nazih * BEYDOUN, Rashid * BEYHUM, Amine * BITAR, Emile BIZRI, Amin BIZRI, Fouad * BIZRI, Nazih BOUEIZ, Fares * BOULOS, Philippe * BOUSTANY, Emile BOUSTANY, Naji BOUTROS, Fouad * BSAT, Bahaeddine CARDAHI, Jean-Louis * CASSIR, Victor

* CHADER, Joseph * CHAHINE, Fahmi * CHAHINE, Ghaleb CHAHINE, Rafie CHALAK, Hassan * CHAMOUN, Camille CHAOUL, Joseph * CHARAFEDDINE, Jaafar * CHEHAB, Fouad CHEHAB, Jamil * CHEHAB, Khaled CHEHAYEBAkram * CHEITO, Ibrahim * CHIKHANI, Roger CHOKR, Fayez CORM, Georges CORTAS, Adel * COZMA, Farid DAGHER, Pierre * DAHDAH, Lucien DAHER, Ibrahim DAHER, Mikhail DALLOUL, Mohsen DANA, Osman DAOUK, Ahmed DEMERDJIAN, Agop DERNAYKA, Mustapha DOUEIHI, Estephan DIAB, Assaad DIB, Roger DOUMET, Michel E. * DOUMET, Michel M. EDDE, Henri EDDE, Michel * EDDE, Pierre * EDDE, Raymond * EZZEDINE, Hassan * al-FADL, Muhammad * FAKHOURY, Chawki FARES, Issam FARHAT, Abdallah FATFAT, Ahmed FATTOUCH, Nicolas * FAYAD, Boulos FERZLI, Elie * FLEIHAN, Bassel FNEICHE, Mohamed * FRANGIEH, Tony * FRANGIEH, Hamid * FRANGIEH, Suleiman FRANGIEH, Suleiman Tony * FREM, Georges GASPARD, Edmond GEAGEA, Samir * GEBRANE, Youssef * GEMAYEL, Maurice * GEMAYEL, Pierre GEMAYEL, Pierre Amine GENADRY, Francois * GHANEM, Iskandar GHANEM, Robert GHAZIRI Mohamed

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 3 2 2 1 1 4 26 5 1 4 2 6 1 2 7 1 1 4 1 4 3 3 1 4 3 1 1 2 9 6 3 1 1 7 1 3 1

477

2 2

2 2 5 4 2

3 5 5 8 3 2 2 1 2 9

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

* GHOSN, Fouad GHOSN, Nicolas HADDAD, Sami HAFEZ, Amine * HAID AR, Salira * HAKIM, Georges HALAOUI, Ibrahim * HAMADEH, Maged HAMADEH, Marwan * HAMADEH, Sabri HAMADEH, Said HAMADEH, Trad HAMDANE, Mounir HAMIYE, Adel HAMMOUD Mahmoud HAMZE, Wafa'a HANNA Elias HARB, Boutros HARD ANE, Assaad * HARIRI, Rafie HASHEM, Joseph al * HELOU, Charles * HELOU, Pierre * HIBRI, Khalil HMAYED Ayoub HOBEICHE Fawzi * HOBEIKA, Elie * HONEIN, Edouard HOSS, Selim HOVNANIAN Sebouh * HRAJLI Ali * HRAWI, Elias * HRAWI, Georges HRAWI Khalil * HRAWI, Youssef al-HUSSEINI, Ahmad ISSAL KHOURY Kabalan JABER Yassin JAHEL, Selim JAROUDI, Mohamed JAROUDI, Saëb JISR Samir JOKHADARIAN, Hagop * JOUMBLATT, Kamal * JOUMBLATT, Khaled JOUMBLATT, Walid KABBANI, Khaled * KADRI, Nazem * KANAAN, Moussa KANSO Ali KANSO, Assem * KARAM, Georges KARAM, Karam * KARAME, Abdul Hamid KARAM F , Omar * KARAME, Rashid KAIROUZ, Habib KASSAR, Adnane KATTAR, Damien * KEBBE, Jamil KHALAF, Abbas KHALIFE, Mohamed Jawad

KHALIL, Ali Hassan * KHALIL, Ali Youssef KHALIL, Anwar * KHALIL, Kazem KHANAMIRIAN, Souren * KHATIB, Anwar KHATIB, Fawzi KHATIB, Gen. Sami KHATIB, Zaher * KHAZEN, Clovis KHAZEN, Elias KHAZEN, Farid KHOURY, Elias * KHOURY, Fouad KHOURY, Issam KHOURY, Kamal * KHOURY, Khalil KHOURY, Michel KHOURY, Nicolas KHOURY Pierre el KHOURY, Victor KNIO, Muhammad * LABBAN, Abdel Rahman * LAHOUD, Emile * LAHOUD, Jamil * LAHOUD, Salim * MACHNOUK, Abdallah * MAHMASSANI, Subhi * MAJDALANI, Nassim MAKDESSI, Samir * MALEK, Charles MALLAT, Wajdi MAALOUF, Edgard * MAALOUF, Nasri MAKARI Farid MAKKI, Zein MANSOUR, Albert * MANSOUR, Hussein * MAZBOUDI, Zaki MEKKAOUI, Jamil MEOUCHI, Badri MERABI, Talal MERHEGE, Bechara MIKATI, Negib MINKARA, Ahmed MISKAOUI, Omar MITRI, Tareq MOAWAD, Nayla * MOGHAIZEL Joseph MOKBEL, Samir MORTADA, Mohamed Bassam * MOUBARAK, Moussa MOUKDAD, Hassan Awad * MUNLA, Saadi * MOUAWAD, René MOUCHARRAFIEH, Hassan * MOUKHEIBER, Albert MOURAD Abdelrahim MOUSA Michel * MOUTRAN, Habib MROUE, Adnan * MUGHABGHAB, Naïm

6 1 1 1 3 5 1 1 8 3 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 2 5 5 1 6 2 1 2 1 5 5 5 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 5 3 7 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 4 14 1 1 1 3 1 3

478

1 7 3 8 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 1 4 1 3 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 3 4 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 2 1 1 2

BROAD SURVEY

MURR Elias * MURR, Gabriel MURR, Michel NAAMAN, Issam * NACCACHE, Alfred * NACCACHE, Georges NAFFAH, Fouad * NAHAS, Gibrane * Ν AIM, Nadim * NAIM,Wadi' * NAJA, Rafie NAJJAR, Fouad NAJJAR, Joseph NASR, Cesar NASRALLAH, Said * NAWFAL, Suleiman NAZARIAN, Arthur * NOUN, Edouard * NSOULI, Muhieddine NSOULI, Zakaria OBEID, Jean OGHASSABIAN, Jean * OSMAN, Bachir * OSSEYRANE, Adel OSSEIRAN, Ali * OUEYNI, Hussein PAKRADOUNI, Karim * PHARAON, Henri PHARAON Michel * PHARAON Pierre RAPHAEL, Farid * RACY, Abdalla RIFAI, Hassan RIFAI, Noureddine RIZK, Assaad RIZK, Charles RIZK, Edmond RIZK, Fouad * ROUHANA Emile SAAD Fouad EL * SAADE, Georges SABA, Elias SABBAH, Anwar SABEH Bassem SABEH, Hassan SABRA, Muhammad SAFADI, Mohamed * SAFIEDDINE, Muhammad SAHILI, Talal SAIDI, Nasser * SALAM, Saëb SALAM, Malek SALAMEH Ghassan SALAMEH, Youssef SALEM, Elie SALEM, Nadim SALEM, Nicolas * SALEM, Youssef * SALHA, Najib SALLOUKH, Fawzi SALMAN, Salah SAMAHA, Michel

4 9 9 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 3 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 6 1 9 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 5 2 3 1 2 3 1 5 1 1 9 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 3

SARKIS, Joseph SARRAF, Yaacoub * SAWDA, Joseph SAWMA, Edouard SARRAF, Yacoub SASSINE, Michel * SEHNAOUI, Antoine SEHNAOUI, Maurice SEIFEDDINE Ghazi SHALAK, Fadl SINIORA, Fuad SKAFF, Elias * SKAFF, Jean * SKAFF, Joseph SOLH, Leila SOLH, Rashid * SOLH, Riad * SOLH, Sami * SOLH, Taldeddine * STEPHAN, Antoine TABBARA, Bahige TABOURIAN, Alain * TAKIEDDINE, Bahije * TAKLA, Philippe * TAKLA, Salim * TALHOUK, Jamil TOHME, Nehme TORBEY, Henri TRABOULSI, Sleiman * TRAD, Basile TRAD, Farid TUENI, Ghassan * TYAN, Emile WAHHAB, Wi'am WAHID, Rida * WAZZAN, Chafic * YAFI, Abdallah YAMMINE, Bassam YOUNES, Sami ZEAITER, Ghazi ZEIN, Abdellatif ZEIN, Suleiman * ZOUAIN, Maurice

1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 14 1 2 6 7 2 1 6 2 6 16 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 3 9 1 1 2 2 2 3

N.B. Names of the deceased are shown by an asterisk.

SUCCESSIVE CABINETS (since 1926) I - Cabinet of Auguste ADIB (31 May 1926-5 May 1927) * Auguste ADIB: President of the Council, Minister of Finance. * Najib KABBANI: Minister of Justice * Bechara el-KHOURY: Minister of the Interior * Youssef AFTIMOS: Minister of Public Works * Najib AMIOUNI: Minister of Education * Ali el-ASSAAD: Minister of Agriculture * Salim TALHOUK: Minister of Health

479

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

II - Cabinet of Bechara el-KHOURY (5 May 1927-5 January 1928)

VII - Cabinet ofAuguste ADIB (25 March 1930-22 July 1931)

* Bechara el-KHOURY: President of the Council, Minister of Education * Chucri KORD AHI: Minister of Justice * Georges TABET: Minister of the Interior * Khaled CHEHAB: Minister of Finance * Ahmad el-HUSSEINI: Minister of Public Works * Salim TALHOUK: Minister of Health * Elias FAYAD: Minister of Agriculture

* Auguste ADIB: President of the Council, Minister of Finance and Agriculture * Ahmad el-HUSSEINI: Minister of Justice * Moussa NAMMOUR: Minister of the Interior and Health * Hussein el-AHDAB: Minister of Public Works * Gebran TUENI: Minister of Education VIII - Cabinet ofAuguste ADIB (22 July 1931-9 May 1932)

III - Cabinet of Bechara el-KHOURY (5 January 1928-10 August 1928)

* Auguste ADIB: President of the Council, Minister of Agriculture and Justice * Sobhi HAID AR: Minister of Finance * Moussa NAMMOUR: Minister of the Interior and Health * Hussein el-AHDAB: Minister of Public Works * Gebran TUENI: Minister of Education

* Bechara el-KHOURY: President of the Council, Minister of Justice and Education * Ayoub TABET: Minister of the Interior and Health * Hussein el-AHDAB: Minister of Finance, Public Works and Agriculture. IV - Cabinet of Habib Bacha as-SAAD (10 August 1928-10 May 1929)

IX — Cabinet of Kheireddine el-AHDAB (5 January 1937-14 March 1937)

* Habib Bacha as-SAAD: President of the Council, Minister of Education and Health * Najib ABOUSSOUAN: Minister of Justice * Hussein el-AHDAB: Minister of Public Works and Agriculture and Interior by interim * Sobhi HAID AR: Minister of Finance On 13 August 1928 Mr. Moussa NAMMOUR was appointed Minister of the Interior. Mr. Najib ABOUSSOUAN resigns and Mr. Chucri KORD AHI appointed Minister of Justice. On 25 August 1928 Mr. KORD AHI resigns and his portfolio is entrusted to Mr. Habib Bacha as-SAAD. Mr. Spiridon ABOURROUSE becomes Minister of Education and Health.

* Kheireddine el-AHDAB: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Justice * Khalil ABILLAMA: Minister of Finance, Posts and Telecommunications * Ibrahim HAIDAR: Minister of Public Works and Agriculture * Habib ABI CHAHLA: Minister of Education, Health and Tourism X - Cabinet of Kheireddine el-AHDAB (14 March 1937-30 October 1937) * Kheireddine el-AHDAB: President of the Council, Minister of Justice, Finance, Posts and Telecommunications * Michel ZAKKOUR: Minister of the Interior * Habib ABI CHAHLA: Minister of Education, Health and Economy * Ahmad el-HUSSEINI: Minister of Public Works and Agriculture On 10 July 1937 the Cabinet was reshuffled as follows: Mr. Kheireddine el-AHDAB, President of the Council, Minister of Economy. Mr. Khalil ABILLAMA, Minister of Education, Health and Housing, and by proxy Foreign Affairs and Defence. Mr. Georges TABET, Minister of Finance, Posts and Telecommunications. Mr. Habib ABI CHAHLA, Minister of the Interior.

V - Cabinet of Bechara el-KHOURY (10 May 1929-12 October 1929) * Bechara el-KHOURY: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Health * Najib ABOUSSOUAN: Minister of Justice and Education * Hussein el-AHDAB: Minister of Finance, Public Works and Agriculture VI - Cabinet of Emile EDDE (12 October 1929-25 March 1930) * Emile Edde: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Health * Najib ABOUSSOUAN: Minister of Justice and Education * Moussa NAMMOUR: Minister of Finance * Hussein el-AHDAB: Minister of Public Works * Ahmad el-HUSSEINI: Minister of Agriculture * Gabriel MENASSA: Secretary for Economical Affairs at the Ministry of Finance

XI - Cabinet of Khereddine el-AHDAB (30 October 1937-21 March 1938) * Kheireddine el-AHDAB: President of the Council, Minister of Justice, and by proxy Foreign Affairs

480

BROAD SURVEY

* Habib ABI CHAHLA: Minister of the Interior * Moussa NAMMOUR: Minister of Finance and by proxy Defence * Georges TABET: Minister of Economy and Education * Ibrahim HAID AR: Minister of Health, Posts and Telecommunications * Salim TAKIA: Minister of Public Works * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Agriculture On 13 January 1938 Mr. Salim TAKLA resigns and Mr. Kamel GARGOUR is appointed in his place. On 14 January 1938 Emir Majid ARSLANE resigns and Mr. Hikmat JOUMBLATT is appointed in his place also on 14 January 1938 Mr. Habib ABI CHAHLA resigns and is replaced by Mr. Georges TABET. Mr. Khalil KSEIB is appointed Minister of Economy and Education.

* Habib ABI CHAHLA: Minister of the Interior, and by proxy Defence and Foreign Affairs * Moussa NAMMOUR: Minister of Finance * Gabriel KHABBAZ: Minister of Public Works and Economy * Roukoz ABOU NADER: Minister of Education and Health * Ibrahim HAID AR: Minister of Agriculture * Hikmat JOUMBLATT: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications XV - Cabinet of Ahmad DAOUK (1 December 1941-27 July 1942) * Ahmad DAOUK: President of the Council, Minister of Finance * Philippe BOULOS: Vice-President, Minister of Justice * Ahmad el-HUSSEINI: Minister of the Interior * Hamid FRANGIEH: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Lebanese Emigrants Affairs * Amine as-SAAD: Minister of Public Works * Ramez SARKIS: Minister of Education and Fine Arts * Wassef EZZEDINE: Minister of Supply * Ahmad el-ASSAAD: Minister of Agriculture, Posts and Telecommunications * Hikmat JOUMBLAT: Minister of Defence and Health * Alfred SKAFF: Minister of Trade and Industry On April 4, 1942, Mr. Wassef EZZEDDINE became Minister of Trade and Industry and Mr. Alfred SKAFF, Minister of Supply. On April 11,1942, Mr. Wassef EZZEDDINE tendered his resignation, his portfolio was entrusted to Mr. Alfred SKAFF by interim and on May 1, 1942, Mr. Ahmad el-HUSSEINI tendered his resignation and his portfolio was assigned by interim to Mr. Philippe BOULOS.

XII - Cabinet of Khaled CHEHAB (21 March 1938-1 November 1938) * Khaled CHEHAB: President of the Council, Minister of Justice * Youssef ESTEPHAN: Minister of the Interior and by proxy Defence * Camille CHAMOUN: Minister of Finance * Salim TAKLA: Minister of Public Works and by proxy Foreign Affairs * Khalil KSEIB: Minister of Education and Economy « Hikmat JOUMBLATT: Minister of Agriculture * Ahmad el-ASS A AD: Minister of Health Posts and Telecommunications On 29 August 1938 the Ministry of Public Works was also entrusted to Mr. Camille CHAMOUN following the resignation of Mr. Salim TAKLA and the Foreign Affairs was entrusted to Mr. Khalil KSEIB. XIII - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (1 November 1938-22 January 1939) * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of Justice * Khalil KSEIB: Minister of the Interior, and by proxy Defence * Hamid FRANGIEH: Minister of Finance, Economy and by proxy Foreign Affairs * Roukoz ABOU NADER: Minister of Education, Health, Posts and Telecommunications * Sabri HAMADE: Minister of Public Works and Agriculture

XVI - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (27 July 1942-18 March 1943) * Sami SOLH: President of the Council, Minister of the Finance and Supply, Trade and Industry * Moussa NAMMOUR: Vice-president, Minister of the Interior, Posts and Telecommunications * Ahmad el-HUSSEINI: Minister of Justice and Agriculture * Philippe BOULOS: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Public Works * Hikmat JOUMBLATT: Minister of Health and Defence * Georges KFOURY: Minister of Education

XIV - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (22 January 1939-21 September 1939) * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of Justice

481

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 * Gabriel MURR: Vice-president, Minister of Public Works * Youssef SALEM: Minister of the Interior * Sami SOLH: President of Council, Minister of Commerce and Industry, of Supply and PTT * Jamil TALHOUK: Minister of Health

(since 1943) I - Cabinet of Riad SOLH (25 September 1943-2 July 1944) * Habib ABI CHAHLA: Vice-president, Minister of Justice and Education * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence, Agriculture and Health * Camille CHAMOUN: Minister of the Interior and PTT * Adel OSSEYRANE: Minister of Economy * Riad SOLH: President of the Council and Minister of Finance * Salim TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Public Works

V - Cabinet of Saadi MUNLA (22 May 1946-14 December 1946) * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence and Health * Youssef HRAWI: Minister of Agriculture and PTT * Ahmad HUSSEINI: Minister of Justice * Emile LAHOUD: Minister of Finance * Saadi MUNLA: President of the Council, Minister of Economy * Gabriel MURR: Vice-president, Minister of Public Works * Saeb SALAM: Minister of the Interior * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Education

II - Cabinet of Riad SOLH (3 July 1944-9 January 1945) * Habib ABI CHAHLA: Vice-president, Minister of Justice and Education * Majid ARSIANE: Minister of Defence, Agriculture and Health * Muhammad al-FADL: Minister of PTT, Commerce and Industry * Hamid FRANGIEH: Minister of Finance * Riad SOLH: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Supply * Salim TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Public Works

VI - Cabinet of Riad SOLH (14 December 1946-7 April 1947) * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence and PTT * Camille CHAMOUN: Minister of Finance * Sabri HAMADE: Vice-president and Minister of the Interior * Kamal JOUMBLATT: Minister of Economy, Agriculture and Social Affairs * Elias KHOURY: Minister of Health * Gabriel MURR: Minister of Public Works * Henri PHARAON: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Riad SOLH: President of the Council * Abdallah YAFI: Minister of Justice

III - Cabinet of Abdul Hamid KARAME (9 January 1945-22 August 1945) * Ahmad al-ASSAAD: Minister of Public Works and Health * Nicolas GHOSN: Vice-President, Minister of PTT, Commerce and Industry * Abdul Hamid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of Finance and National Defence * Wadih NAIM: Minister of the Interior and Education * Salim TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Justice * Jamil TALHOUK: Minister of Supply and Agriculture

VII - Cabinet of Riad SOLH (7 April 1947-26 July 1948) * Muhammad al-ABBOUD: Minister of Finance * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence and PTT * Camille CHAMOUN: Minister of the Interior and Health * Hamid FRANGIEH: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Education * Ahmad HUSSEINI: Minister of Justice * Gabriel MURR: Vice-president and Minister of Public Works * Suleiman NAWFAL: Minister of Econony and Agriculture * Riad SOLH: President of the Council

IV - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (22 August 1945-22 May 1946) * Ahmad al-ASSAAD: Minister of Defence and Agriculture * Hamid FRANGIEH: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Education

VIII - Cabinet of Riad SOLH (26 July 1948-1 October 1949)

* Emile LAHOUD: Minister of Finance * Saadi MUNLA: Minister of Justice

* Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence and Agriculture

482

BROAD SURVEY

* Ahmad al-ASSAAD: Minister of Public Works * Hamid FRANGIEH: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Education * Elias KHOURY: Minister of Health * Gabriel MURR: Vice-president and Minister of the Interior * Hussein OUEYNI: Minister of Finance * Riad SOLH: President of the Council and Minister of Justice * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Economy and PTT

XI - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (7 April 1951-11 February 1952) * Rachid BEYDOUN: Minister of Defence * Philippe BOULOS: Vice-President, Minister of Public Works * Charles HELOU: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Youssef HRAWI: Minister of Agriculture * Rachid KARAME: Minister of Justice * Emile LAHOUD: Minister of Education * Muhammad SAFIEDDINE: Minister of PTT and Information * Bahije TAKIEDDINE: Minister of Health and Social Affairs Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Finance and Economy * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council and Minister of the Interior

IX - Cabinet of Riad SOLH (1 October 1949-14 February 1951) * Raif ABILLAMA: Minister of Health * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Ahmad al-ASSAAD: Minister of Public Works * Elias KHOURY: Minister of the Interior * Gebrane NAHAS: Vice-president and Minister of Justice * Hussein OUEYNI: Minister of Finance and PTT * Riad SOLH: President of the Council and Minister of Education * Bahije TAKIEDDINE: Minister of Agriculture * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Economy

Mr. Bahije TAKIEDDINE tendered his resignation which was accepted by virtue of Decree No. 5262 of 7 April 1951. Mr. Emile LAHOUD received the portfolio of Social Affairs in addition to that of Education, while Mr. Bachir A'WAR was entrusted with the portfolio of the Ministry of Health by virtue of Decree Ν0.5268 of 8 April 1951. XII - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (11 February 1952-9 September 1952)

Dr. Elias KHOURY tendered his resignation which was accepted by virtue of Decree No. 9 of 6 October 1949. By virtue of Decree No. 10, of even date, a Ministry of Information was set up.

* Hussein al-ABDALLAH: Minister of PTT * Suleiman al-Ali: Minister of Economy and Agriculture * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence and Health * Michel DOUMIT: Minister of Social Affairs * Ahmad HUSSEINI: Minister of Public Works * Fouad KHOURY: Vice-president and Minister of Justice * Emile LAHOUD: Minister of Finance * Sami SOLH: President of the Council and Minister of the Interior * Antoine STEPHAN: Minister of Education * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs

This Cabinet was reshuffled as follows: Mr. Charles HELOU was appointed Minister of Justice and Information by virtue of Decree No. 11 of 6 October 1949, Dr. Elias KHOURY, Minister of Health, Mr. Riad SOLH, Minister of the Interior, Dr. Raif ABILLAMA, Minister of Education and Mr. Gibrane NAHAS, Minister of Economy and PTT. Later on, Mr. Charles HELOU tendered his resignation and his two portfolios were entrusted to Mr. Gibrane NAHAS. Later still, Mr. Gibrane NAHAS resigned his two portfolios (PTT and Information) which were given to Mr. Khalil ABOU JAOUDE.

XIII - Cabinet of Nazem ACCARI (9 September 1952-14 September 1952) * Nazem ACCARI: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior, Foreign Affairs, Information, Agriculture and Defence * Moussa MOUBARAK: Minister of Justice, Finance, PTT and Social Affairs * Basile TRAD: Vice-president, Minister of Economy, Public Works, Education and Health

X - Cabinet of Hussein OUEYNI (14 February 1951-7 April 1951) * Boulos FAYAD: Minister of Justice and Economy, of Health and Agriculture « Edouard NOUN: Minister of Public Works, Minister of PTT and Information * Hussein OUEYNI: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior, of Foreign Affairs, of Defence and Finance

XIV - Cabinet of Saeb SALAM (14 September 1952-18 September 1952) 483

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

* Moussa MOUBARAK: Minister of Finance, Justice, PTT and Social Affairs * Saeb SALAM: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior, Foreign Affairs, Defence, Information and Agriculture. * Basile TRAD: Vice-president, Minister of Public works, Economy, Education and Health.

* Rachid KARAME: Minister of Economy and Social Affairs * Kazem al-KHALIL: Minister of Agriculture and Health * Gabriel MURR: Minister of Public Works * Alfred NACCACHE: Minister of Foreign Affairs Nicolas SALEM: Minister of Education * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior, Defence and Information

XV - Cabinet of Fouad CHEHAB (18 September 1952-30 September 1952) * Nazem ACCARI: Vice-president, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Public Works, Education, PTT, Information, Health and Agriculture *Fouad CHEHAB: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Defence * Basile TRAD: Minister of Economy, Social Affairs, Justice and Finance.

XIX - Cabinet ofAbdallah YAFI (1 March 1954-16 September 1954) * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Georges HRAWI: Minister of the Interior * Rashid KARAME: Minister of Economy and Social Affairs * Kazem al-KHALIL: Minister of Health and Agriculture * Gabriel MURR: Minister of Public Works * Alfred NACCACHE: Minister of Foreign Affairs Nicolas SALEM: Minister of Education and PTT * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of Finance and Information

XVI - Cabinet of Khaled CHEHAB (30 September 1952-30 April 1953) * Khaled CHEHAB: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior, Justice, Information and Defence * Salim HAID AR: Minister of Education, Health and Social Affairs * Georges HAKIM: Minister of Finance, Economy and Agriculture * Moussa MOUBARAK: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Public Works and PTT

XX - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (16 September 1954-9 July 1955) * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Salim HAID AR: Minister of Agriculture and PTT * Charles HELOU: Minister of Justice and Health * Rashid KARAME: Minister of Economy * Gabriel MURR: Vice-President and Minister of the Interior * Naïm MOUGHABGHAB: Minister of Public Works * Alfred NACCACHE: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Muhieddine NSOULI: Minister of Finance and Information * Sami SOLH: President of the Council * Maurice ZOUAIN: Minister of Education

Mr. Moussa MOUBARAK tendered his resignation which was duty accepted by virtue of Decree No. Ill 2 of 6 February 1953. The Public Works portfolio was entrusted to Mr. Khaled CHEHAB, that of PTT to Salim H AID AR, and Foreign Affairs to Georges HAKIM. XVII - Cabinet of Saeb SALAM (30 April 1953-16 August 1953) * Bashir al-A'WAR: Minister of Public Works * Rashid BEYDOUN: Minister of PTT and Health * Pierre EDDE: Minister of Education * Georges HAKIM: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Georges KARAM: Minister of Finance * Muhieddine NSOULI: Minister of Justice and Information * Saeb SALAM: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Defence * Jean SKAFF: Minister of Agriculture and Social Affairs

On 30 March 1955, Mr. Charles HELOU tendered his resignation. The Ministry of Health portfolio was then entrusted to Mr. Georges HRAWI and that ofJustice to Mr. Sami SOLH. By virtue of Decree No.6393 of 16 September 1954, a Ministry of Planning was created and its portfolio went to Mr. Sami SOLH. XXI - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (9 July 1955-19 September 1955)

XVIII - Cabinet ofAbdallah YAFI (16 August 1953-1 March 1954)

* Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Pierre EDDE: Minister of Finance * Hamid FRANGIEH: Minister of Foreign Affairs

* Bashir al-A'WAR: Minister of Justice and PTT * Pierre EDDE: Minister of Finance

484

BROAD SURVEY

and of the Lebanese Overseas * Salim HAID AR: Minister of Agriculture and PTT * Rashid KARAME: Minister of Economy and Social Affairs * Salim LAHOUD: Minister of Education * Nairn MOUGHABGHAB: Minister of Public Works * Gabriel MURR: Vice-president, Minister of Justice, Health and Public Assistance * Muhieddine NSOULI: Minister of the Interior and Information * Sami SOLH: President of the Council and Minister of Planning

* Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Nazih BIZRI: Minister of Health and Social Affairs * Fouad GHOSN: Minister of Education and PTT * Georges KARAM: Minister of Finance and Economy * Salim LAHOUD: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Alfred NACCACHE: Minister of Justice Muhammad SABRA: Minister of Public Works and Information * Saeb SALAM: Minister of State * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Agriculture * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Planning

Mr. Hamid FRANGIEH and Mr. Pierre EDDE having tendered their resignation on 7 September 1955, the portfolio of the Finance Ministry went to Mr. Muhieddine NSOULI and that of Foreign Affairs to Mr. Salim LAHOUD.

XXV - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (18 November 1956-18 August 1957) * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Health and Agriculture * Fouad CHEHAB: Minister of Defence * Nasri MAALOUF: Minister of Finance, Economy and Social Affairs * Charles MALEK: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Education Muhammad SABRA: Minister of Public Works, Planning and PTT * Sami SOLH: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior, Justice and Information

XXII - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (19 September 1955-19 March 1956) * Georges AKL: Minister of Education and Information * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Nazih BIZRI: Minister of Health and Economy Jamil CHEHAB: Minister of Finance * Fouad GHOSN: Vice-president, Minister of Justice * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Planning * Kazem al-KHALIL: Minister of PTT and Social Affairs * Salim LAHOUD: Minister of Foreign Affairs Jamil MEKKAOUI: Minister of Public Works * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Agriculture

General Fouad CHEHAB tendered his resignation from the Ministry of Defence which was accepted by virtue of Decree No. 4622 of 1 March 1957, and the portfolio of Defence was then entrusted to Mr. Sami SOLH. Mr. Sami SOLH later assigned the portfolio of the Ministry ofJustice to Mr. Emile TYAN, by virtue of Decree No. 14623 of I March 1957.

XXIII - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (19 March 1956-8 June 1956)

XXVI - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (18 August 1957-14 March 1958)

* Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Nazih BIZRI: Minister of Health * Emile BOUSTANY: Minister of Public Works and Planning * Georges HAKIM: Minister of Economy and Education * Georges KARAM: Minister of Finance * Salim LAHOUD: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Justice Muhammad SABRA: Minister of Information and PTT * Saeb SALAM: Minister of State * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Agriculture * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council and Minister of Interior

* Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence and PTT * Farid COSMA: Minister of Education and Information * Kazem al-KHALIL: Minister of Agriculture, Economy and Planning * Salim LAHOUD: Minister of Public Works * Charles MALEK: Minister of Foreign Affairs Jamil MEKKAOUI: Minister of Finance * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Health and Social Affairs * Sami SOLH: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Justice Mr. Jamil MEKKAOUI tendered his resignation on 6 February 1958 and the portfolio of the Ministry of Finance was then assigned to Mr. Farid COSMA.

XXIV - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (8 June 1956-18 November 1956) 485

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

was accepted by virtue of Decree No.2270 of 7 October 1959. On the same day, Mr. Rashid KARAME tendered his resignation from the portfolio of the Ministry of Economy. He was followed by Mr. Hussein OUEYNI who resigned the portfolios of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs, Justice and Planning, and by Mr. Pierre GEMAYEL, the Minister of Education and Agriculture. Mr. Philippe TAKLA was assigned the portfolio of the Minister of Justice and Economy, Mr. Maurice ZOUAIN, that of the Ministry of Social Affairs and PTT, Mr. Fouad NAJJAR, that of Agriculture, Mr. Ali BAZZI, that of the Interior and Information and Mr. Fouad BOUTROS, that of Education and Planning.

XXVII - Cabinet of Sami SOLH (14 March 1958-24 September 1958) * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Agriculture * Bashir al-A'WAR: Minister of Justice * Rashid BEYDOUN: Minister of Defence * Joseph CHADER: Minister of Planning * Farid COSMA: Minister of Information * Pierre EDDE: Minister of Finance * Khalil HIBRI: Minister of Public Works * Kazem al-KHALIL: Minister of Economy * Clovis KHAZEN: Minister of Education * Charles MALEK: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Albert MOUKHEIBER: Minister of Health * Bashir OSMAN: Minister of PTT * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Social Affairs * Sami SOLH: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior

XXX - Cabinet of Ahmad DAOUK (14 May 1960-1 August 1960) * Amine BEYHUM: Minister of Finance, Labour and Social Affairs * Ahmad DAOUK: President of the Council and Minister of Defence * Edmond GASPARD: Minister of the Interior and Planning Hassan Awad MOKDAD: Minister of Health * Gibrane NAHAS: Minister of Justice and Education * Georges NACCACHE: Minister of Public Works and Information Fouad NAJJAR: Minister of Agriculture and PTT * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Economy and Tourism

Mr. Rashid BEYDOUN and Mr. Bashir OSMAN having tendered their resignation, the portfolios of Defence and PTT were assigned, respectively to Mr. Sami SOLH and Kazem al-KHALIL by virtue of Decree No. 19645 of 23 March 1958. By Decree No. 20108 of 11 August Mr. Bashir alA'WAR 's resignation was accepted and the portfolio of Justice veas assigned to Mr. Sami SOLH. XXVIII - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (24 September 1958-14 October 1958) * Charles HELOU: Minister of Economy and Information * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Defence * Rafie NAJA: Minister of Finance * Fouad NAJJAR: Minister of Agriculture and PTT * Muhammad SAFIEDDINE: Minister of Education and Health * Joseph SAWDA: Minister of Justice and Social Affairs * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs Farid TRAD: Minister of Public Works and Planning

XXXI - Cabinet of Saeb SALAM (1 August 1960-20 May 1961) * Suleiman al-ALI: Minister of Economy * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Khatchig BABIKIAN: Minister at the Presidency of the Council in charge of Administrative Reform Rafie CHAHINE: Minister of Planning Osman DANA: Minister of Public Works * Suleiman FRANGIEH: Minister of PTT * Maurice GEMAYEL: Minister whose duties shall be specified by subsequent decree * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of Finance * Fouad GHOSN: Minister of Information * Kamal JOUMBLATT: Minister of Education Elias KHOURY: Minister of Health * Abdallah MACHNOUK: Minister at the Presidency of the Council in charge of Municipal Affairs * Nassim MAJDALANI: Vice-President and Minister of Justice * Hussein MANSOUR: Minister at the Presidency of the Council whose duties shall be specified by subsequent decree * Muhammad SAFIEDDINE: Minister of Agriculture

XXIX - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (14 October 1958-14 March 1960) * Raymond EDDE: Minister of the Interior, Social Affairs and PTT * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of Public Works, Education, Health and Agriculture * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of Finance, Economy, Defence and Information * Hussein OUEYNI: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Justice and Planning Mr. Raymond EDDE tendered his resignation

which 486

BROAD SURVEY

* Fouad AMMOUN: Minister of Economy and Planning * Amine BEYHUM: Minister of Finance * Charles HELOU: Minister of Education Muhammad KNIO: Minister of Health and PTT * Georges NACCACHE: Minister of Public Works (retaining his duties in administration) * Gebrane NAHAS: Vice-President, Minister of Justice * Fouad NAJJAR: Minister of Agriculture * Hussein OUEYNI: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Defence * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs Rida WAHID: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs (retaining his post in administration)

* Saeb SALAM: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs XXXII - Cabinet of Saeb SALAM (20 May 1961-31 October 1961) * Philippe BOULOS: Vice-president, Minister of Justice, Economy and Tourism * Suleiman FRANGIEH: Minister of PTT and Agriculture * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of Finance and Health * Kamal JOUMBLATT: Minister of Public Works and Planning * Abdallah MACHNOUK: Minister of the Interior and Information * Saeb SALAM: President of the Council, Minister of Defence * Muhammad SAFFIEDDINE: Minister of Education, Labour and Social Affairs * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs (retaining his post in the diplomatic corps)

Mr. Philippe TAKLA tendered his resignation which was accepted by virtue of Decree No. 15967 of 1 April 1964. he was replacced by Dr. Fouad AMMOUN leaves his portfolios (Economy and Planning) to Mr. Joseph NAJJAR XXXV - Cabinet of Hussein OUEYNI (25 September 1964-14 November 1964) * Fouad AMMOUN: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Amine BEYHUM: Minister of Finance * Edmond GASPARD: Minister of Education Muhammad KNIO: Minister of Health * Georges NACCACHE: Minister of Public Works, Transport, Tourism and Information * Gebrane NAHAS: Vice-president, Minister of Justice * Fouad NAJJAR: Minister of Agriculture * Joseph NAJJAR: Minister of Economy and Planning * Hussein OUEYNI: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior and Defence Rida WAHID: Minister of Social Affairs and Labour (retaining his post in administration)

XXXIII - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (31 October 1961-20 February 1964) * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence Kamel al-ASSAAD: Minister of Education * Ali BAZZI: Minister of Health * Philippe BOULOS: Vice-president and Minister of Information and Tourism Fouad BOUTROS: Minister of Justice Osman ad-DANA: Minister of Planning * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of State in charge of the Ministry of Public Works and of studies dealing with the organization of financial policy * Edouard HONEIN: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs * Kamal JOUMBLATT: Minister of State in charge of the Ministry of the Interior and of coordinating Irfed Mission with other ministries * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of Finance * Rene MOUAWAD: Minister of PTT * Rafie NAJA: Minister of Economy * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Agriculture * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs

XXXVI - Cabinet of Hussein OUEYNI (19 November 1964-20 July 1965) Ali ARAB: Minister of Agriculture * Ghaleb CHAHINE: Minister of Education Osman ad-DANA: Minister of Finance * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of Public Works and Transport * Edouard HONEIN: Minister of Social Affairs * Nassim MAJDALANI: Vice-president, Minister of Justice * Hussein OUEYNI: President of the Council, Minister of Defence * Najib SALHA: Minister of Planning Yacoub SARRAF: Minister of Health * Antoine SEHNAOUI: Minister of the PTT * Takieddine SOLH: Minister of the Interior

Mr. Edouard HONEIN tendered his resignation which was accepted by virtue of Decree No. 7993 of 3 November 1961. His portfolio was assigned to Mr. Jean AZIZ by virtue of Decree No. 7994 of even date. XXXIV - Cabinet of Hussein OUEYNI (20 February 1964-24 September 1964) 487

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

* Bahye TAKIEDDINE: Minister of Economy * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Maurice ZOUAIN: Minister of Information and Tourism

* Kamal JOUMBLATT: Minister of Public Works and PTT * Jamil LAHOUD: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs * Subhi MAHMASSANI: Minister of Economy * Bashir OSMAN: Minister of Agriculture * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Justice (retaining his governorship of the Bank of Lebanon) * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of Finance and Information

On 2 June, Mr. Philippe TAKLA, Minister of Foreign Affairs, resigned and his portfolio was assigned to Mr. Hussein OUEYNI. XXXVII - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (25 July 1965-30 March 1966) * Najib ALAMUDDINE: Minister of Information and Tourism * Georges HAKIM: Vice-president, Minister of Foreign Affairs * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of Finance and Defence Muhammad KNIO: Minister of the Interior and Health Wajdi MALLAT: Minister of Social Affairs * Georges NACCACHE: Minister of Public Works * Rafie NAJA: Minister of Economy * Joseph NAJJAR: Minister of Planning, Agriculture and PTT * Emile TYAN: Minister of Justice Suleiman ZEIN: Minister of Education

XXXIX — Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (6 December 1966-5 February 1968) * Nassib BARBIR: Minister of Health Fouad BIZRI: Minister of Public Works, Hydraulic and Electric Resources Michel EDDE: Minister of Information and PTT * Georges HAKIM: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Said HAMADE: Minister of Economy and Agriculture * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of Finance * Michel KHOURY: Minister of Tourism and Planning Badri MEOUCHI: Minister of the Interior and Defence * Fouad RIZK: Minister of Justice Suleiman ZEIN: Minister of Education and Social Affairs

On 18 December 1965, Mr. Georges NACCACHE, Minister of Public Works tendered his resignation which was accepted on 20 December 1965. The subsequent Cabinet reshuffle was as follows: Mr. Najib ALAMUDDINE moved from the Ministry of Information and Tourism to the Ministry of Public Works, and was replaced by Mr. Michel KHOURY who retains at the same time the Ministry of Defence until then headed by Mr. Rashid KARAME. On 31 January 1966, two decrees were published giving rise to a reshuffling of Mr. Rashid KARAME's Cabinet. This first decree accepted the resignation of Mr. Joseph NAJJAR from the Ministry of Planning, who however retained the portfolios of Agriculture and PTT., and that of Mr. Muhammad KNIO who retained the portfolio of the Ministry of the Interior. The second decree providedfor the appointment of new incumbents: Dr. Rida Wahid and Mr. Pierre DAGHER.

XL - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (8 February 1968-10 October 1968) * Jean AZIZ: Minister of Education, Information and Planning Rashid BEYDOUN: Minister of Justice and PTT Fouad BOUTROS: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Tourism Osman ad-DANA: Minister of Public Works and Transport * Suleiman FRANGIEH: Minister of Interior * Edouard HONEIN: Minister of Economy, Labour and Social Affairs * Khaled JOUMBLATT: Minister of Agriculture and Health * Anwar KHATIB: Minister of Hydraulic and Electric Resources * Henri PHARAON: Minister of State in charge of supervising Legislative Elections * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of Finance and Defence

XXXVIII - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (10 April 1966-8 December 1966) Kamel al-ASSAAD: Minister of Hydraulic Resources and Health Fouad BOUTROS: Vice-president of the Council, Minister of Education and Defence * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of the Interior * Edouard HONEIN: Minister of Planning and Tourism

The next day, Mr. Henri PHARAON tendered his resignation. He was replaced by Mr. Joseph NAJJAR. The 488

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Cabinet reshuffle resulted in the following distribution of portfolios: Rashid BEYDOUN: Tourism. Edouard HONEIN: Economy and Social Affairs. Joseph NAJJAR: Planning and PTT. On 17 June 1968, Mr. Edouard HONEIN resignedd His two portfolios were assigned respectively to Mr. Suleiman FRANGIEH and Mr. Joseph NAJJAR On 3 July 1968, Mr. Pierre EDDE joined the Cabinet. Mr. YAFI handed him the portfolio of the Ministry of Finance and took over Social Affairs and the Interior. Mr. FRANGIEH left the latter ministry to take over Justice which Mr. BEYDOUN bartered against Defence left vacant by Mr. YAFI. On Monday 7 October, Mr. Jean AZIZ resigned.

* Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Khatchig BABIKIAN: Minister of Tourism Rafie CHAHINE: Minister of Social Affairs Osman ad-DANA: Minister of Information * Suleiman FRANGIEH: Minister of Economy * Maurice GEMAYEL: Minister of Planning * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of Public Works * Fouad GHOSN: Vice-president of the Council, Minister of PTT * Kamal JOUMBLATT: Minister of the Interior * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of Finance * Anwar KHATIB: Minister of Hydraulic Resources * Nassim MAJDALANI: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Habib MOUTRAN: Minister of Health * Adel OSSEYRANE: Minister of Justice Abdelatif ZEIN: Minister of Agriculture

XLI - Cabinet of Abdallah YAFI (20 October 1968-8 January 1969)

XLIV - Cabinet of Saeb SALAM (13 October 1970-10 May 1972)

* Raymond EDDE: Minister of Public Works, Hydraulic and Electric Resources, Agriculture and Planing * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of the Interior, Tourism, Health and PTT * Hussein OUEYNI: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Defence, Justice and Economy * Abdallah YAFI: President of the Council, Minister of Finance, Education, Social Affairs and Information

* Khalil ABOUHAMAD: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Emile BITAR: Minister of Health Jaafar CHARAFEDDINE : Minister of Hydraulic Resources Henri EDDE: Minister of Public Works Mounir HAMDANE: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, Minister of Economy and Tourism * Jamil KEBBE: Minister of PTT and Justice Hassan MOUCHARRAFIEH: Minister of Planning Elias SABA: Minister of Finance * Saeb SALAM: President of the Council, Minister of the Interior Edouard SAWMA: Minister of Agriculture and Defence Ghassan TUENI: Vice-President of the Council, Minister of Information and Education

XLII - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (16 January 1969-24 November 1969) * Joseph ABOUKHATER: Minister of Education * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Khatchig BABIKIAN: Minister of Health Osman ad-DANA: Minister of Hydraulic and Electric Resources * Rashid KARAME: President of the Council, Minister of Finance * Habib KEYROUZ: Minister of Tourism * Khalil KHOURY: Minister of Social Affairs * Nassim MAJDALANI: Vice-President of the Council, Minister of Economy * Rene MOUAWAD: Minister of Public Works Michel MURR: Minister of PTT * Adel OSSEYRANE: Minister of the Interior * Muhammad SAFIEDDINE: Minister of Planning * Youssef SALEM: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Bahije TAKIEDDINE: Minister of Information * Chafic WAZZAN: Minister of Justice Abdellatif ZEIN: Minister of Agriculture

Mr. Edouard SAWMA tendered his resignation which was accepted. His two portfolios were assigned respectively to Mr. Henri EDDE and Mr. Elias SABA. In January 1971, Mr. Ghassan TUENI tendered his resignation. Mr. Henri TORBEYwas appointed to head the Ministry of In formation, Mr. Najib ABOU HAID AR that of Education and Mr. Elias SABA was entrusted with the Vice-Presidency of the Council. In December 1971, Mr. Henri EDDE and Dr. Emile BITAR resigned and were replaced respectively by Mr. Kamal KHOURYand Mr. Henri TORBEY. In March 1972, Mr. Hassan MOUCHARRAFIEH resigned. Distribution of a number of portfolios was as follows:

XLIII - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (26 November 1969-30 September 1970)

Kamal KHOURY: Minister of Planning. Fouad NAFFAH: Minister of Agriculture. Salah SALMAN: Minister of Health.

* Joseph ABOUKHATER: Minister of Education

489

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XLV - Cabinet of Saeb SALAM (27 May 1972-10 April 1973)

* Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources Bahige TABBARAH: Minister of Economy and Trade

* Khalil ABOUHAMAD: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Suleiman al-ALI: Minister of Agriculture * Majid ARSLANE: Minister of Defence * Bashir al-A'WAR: Minister of Justice * Khatchig BABIKIAN: Minister of Information * Nazih BIZRI: Minister of Health * Sabri HAMADE: Minister of Public Works and Transport * Pierre HELOU: Minister of State for Petroleum and Industry * Edouard HONEIN: Minister of Education * Jamil KEBBE: Minister of PTT * Kazem al-KHALIL: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs * Albert MOUKHEIBER: Vice-president of the Council, Minister of State for Cooperation and Housing Fouad NAFFAH Minister of Finance * Georges SAADE Minister of Planning Anwar SABBAH Minister of Economy * Saeb SALAM: President of the Council, Minister of Interior Michel SASSINE: Minister of Tourism * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources

XLVII - Cabinet of Takieddine SOLH (8 July 1973-25 September 1974)

Mr. Edouard HONEIN tendered his resignation which was accepted on 8 August 1972. Thereafter, Mr. Albert MOUKHEIBER assumed the portfolio of the Ministry of Education. On 29 March 1973, Mr. Pierre HELOU was appointed Minister of Industry and Oil.

* Magid ARSLANE: Minister of State * Toufic ASSAF: Minister of Industry & Oil Nazih BIZRI: Minister of Economy & Trade * Joseph CHADER: Minister of State * Fahmi CHAHINE: Minister of Information Osman ad DANA: Minister of Health * Tony FRANGIEH: Minister of P.T.T. * Fouad GHOSN: Vice-president of the Council and Minister of Public Works & Transport * Sabri HAMADEH: Minister of Agriculture * Ali El-KHALIL: Minister of State * Kazem EL-KHALIL: Minister of Justice Souren KHANAMIRIAN: Minister of Tourism * Nasri MAALOUF: Minister of Defence * Albert MOUKHEIBER: Minister of State Fouad NAFFAH: Minister of Foreign Affairs Hassan RIFAI: Minister of Planning Edmond RIZK: Minister of Education * Emile ROUHANNA: Minister of Social Affairs & Labour Michel SASSINE: Minister of Housing & Cooperatives * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Hydraulic & Electrical Resources * Takieddine SOLH: Prime Minister and Minister of Finance * Bahige TAKIEDDINE: Minister of Interior

XLVI - Cabinet of Amin EL-HAFEZ (25 April 1973-14 June 1973)

XLVIII - Cabinet of Rashid SOLH (31 October 1974-15 May 1975)

* Khalil ABOUHAMAD: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Nagib ALAMUDDINE : Minister of Public Works and Transport * Bashir al-AWAR: Minister of Interior * Khatchig BABIKIAN: Minister of Planning * Fahmi CHAHINE: Minister of Agriculture * Tony FRANGIEH: Minister of P.T.T. * Fouad GHOSN: Vice-president of the Council and Minister of Defence Amin al-HAFEZ: President of the Council, Minister of Information and Health * Ali El-KHALIL: Minister of Tourism * Kazem al-KHALIL: Minister of Justice Fouad NAFFAH: Minister of Finance Zakaria NSOULI: Minister of Industry and Oil Edmond RIZK: Minister of Education and Fine Arts Michel SASSINE: Minister of Housing and Cooperatives

* Louis ABOU-CHARAF: Minister of Industry & Oil * Suleiman al-ALI: Minister of Agriculture Mahmoud AMMAR: Minister of Information * Magid ARSLANE: Minister of Health * Tony FRANGIEH: Minister of P.T.T. * Maged HAMADEH: Minister of Education * Khaled JOUMBLATT: Minister of Finance Abbas KHALAF: Minister of Economy & Trade Souren KHANAMIRIAN: Minister of Tourism * Zaki MAZBOUDI: Minister of Planning * Nadim NAIM: Minister of Social Affairs & Labour * Adel OSSEYRANE: Minister of Justice * Georges SAADE: Minister of Public Works & Transport Malek SALAM: Minister of Hydraulic & Electrical Resources Michel SASSINE: Vice-President & Minister of Housing and Co-operatives

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* Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Defence Rashid SOLH: Minister of Interior Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs

Education & Fine Arts and Planning. Ghassan TUENI: Minister of Labour & Social Affairs, Information, and Industry & Oil

XLIX - Cabinet of Noureddine RIFAI (23 May 1975-25 May 1975)

LI - Cabinet of Selim HOSS (9 December 1976-16 July 1979)

* Lucien DAHDAH: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Finance and Tourism Brig. Francois GENADRY: Minister of Social Affairs & Labour and P.T.T. Gen. Iskandar GHANEM: Minister of Defence, Hydraulic & Electrical Resources Brig. Fawzi KHATffi: Minister of Economy & Trade and Planning * Brig. Moussa KANAAN: Vice-president of the Council & Minister of Information and Education Col. Zein MAKKI: Minister of Public Works & Transport and Agriculture Gen. Said NASRALLAH: Minister of Interior, Housing & Co-operatives Brig. Noureddine RIFAI: President of the Council, Minister of Health, Justice, Industry & Oil

Amin BIZRI: Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism Fouad BOUTROS: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and National Defence * Ibrahim CHEITO: Minister of Public Health, Hydraulic & Electrical Resources * Michel DOUMET: Minister of Planning Selim HOSS: President of the Council of Ministers, Minister of Finance, Economy & Trade, Industry and Oil, and Information Farid RAPHAEL: Minister of Justice, Finance and P.T.T. Assad RIZK: Minister of Labour & Social Affairs, Fine Arts & Education, and Agriculture Salah SALMAN: Minister of Interior, Housing and Cooperatives.

L - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (1st July 1975-9 December 1976)

On 3 February 1977, redistributed as follows:

* Magid ARSLANE: Minister of Health, Agriculture, and Housing and Co-operatives * Camille CHAMOUN: Minister of Interior, P.T.T., Hydraulic and Electrical Resources * Rashid KARAME: Prime-Minister, Minister of Defence, Finance and Information * Adel OSSEYRANE: Minister of Justice, Education and Planning Georges SKAFF: Minister of Justice, Public Works & Transport, and Economy & Trade *PhiIippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education & Fine Arts and Planning Ghassan TUENI: Minister of Social Affairs & Labour, Tourism, and Industry & Oil

some

portfolios

were

Selim HOSS: President of the Council of Ministers, Minister of Finance, Economy & Trade, and Information Assad RIZK: Minister of Education & Fine Arts, Labour and Social Affairs * Michel DOUMET: Minister of Industry & Oil, and Agriculture On December 20, 1978, Mr. DOUMET resigned his portfolio as a Maronite Minister and was replaced by General Victor KHOURY who assumed the charge of Minister of Defence. The portfolio of Oil and Industry was conferred upon Dr. Assad RIZK. LII - Cabinet of Selim HOSS (16 July 1979-16 July 1980)

This cabinet was reshuffled on 15 July 1976, and the portfolios were redistributed as follows:

Selim HOSS: Prime Minister Fouad BOUTROS: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Lebanese Overseas * Charles HELOU: Minister of State. * Bahige TAKIEDDINE: Minister of Interior and Tourism * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of National Defence and Agriculture Michel MURR: Minister of P.T.T., Housing and Cooperatives Anwar AL SABBAH: Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources, Industry and Oil * Ali EI- KHALIL: Minister of Finance

* Magid ARSLANE: Minister of Public Works, Transport, Hydraulic & Electrical Resources, and Health * Camille CHAMOUN: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Foreign Affairs and Defence * Rashid KARAME: Prime Minister, Minister of Defence, Finance and Information * Adel OSSEYRANE: Minister of Justice, Education and Planning Georges SKAFF: Minister of Finance, Economy & Trade, and P.T.T. * Philippe TAKLA: Minister of Foreign Affairs,

491

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Within a day of the formation of the new Cabinet Mr. Abou Fadel (Greek Orthodox), one of the five ministers without portfolio, resigned. Later, on Dec. 4, the four Shia members of the Cabinet also tendered their resignation; three of the latter, namely Mr. Ammar, Dr. Khalil and Mr. Baydun had apparently resigned in response to pressure from Amai (the Shia military organization, which refused to accept the representation of the Shia community by the four ministers), while the fourth - Mr. al Sabbah - had handed his letter of resignation to President Sarkis in apparent protest at his colleagues' behaviour. At a meeting between President Sarkis and Mr. alWazzan on Dec. 14 it was decided to accept Mr. Abou Fadel's resignation but to reject that of Mr. al Sabah and to ask the other three Shia ministers also to continue in office. The latter appeared to indicate their willingness to comply with this request by attending a meeting of the Cabinet and the Assembly on Dec. 16, despite a call by Amai for them to boycott this session. On Dec. 20 the Government of Mr. Wazzan, after promising to re-establish authority in the country, won a vote of confidence from the Assembly, although it received fewer than half of the votes of the 99-seat Chamber. Of the 48 deputies present 41 voted in favour of the Government, with six against and one abstention; 45 members of the Assembly were absent, while the other six seats were vacant through death.

* Nazem AL KADRI: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs Boutros HARB: Minister of Education and Fine Arts, Public Works and Transport Talal MER ABI: Minister of Economy and Trade, and Public Health * Youssef GEBRANE: Minister of Justice and Information Mr. Charles HELOU resigned his office on July 19, 1979. Mr. Bahige TAKIEDDINE, Minister of Interior, passed away on February 9, 1980. LIII - Cabinet of Chafiq WAZZAN (25 October 1980-24 September 1982) On Oct. 22, 1980 President Sarkis appointed as Prime Minister Mr. Chaflq al-Wazzan, who on Oct. 25 formed a new 22-member Cabinet which again comprised largely technocrats and parliamentarians. The full membership of the new Cabinet - which included 17 new members and was composed in terms of religious affiliations of four Maronites, four Sunni Moslems (including the Prime Minister), four Shia Moslems, three Greek Orthodox, three Catholics three Druses and one member of the Armenian Church - was as follows: * Chafic WAZZAN: Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Fuad BOUTROS: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates Affairs * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Defence * Nazih al-BIZRI: Minister of Health * Khatchik BABIKIAN: Minister of Justice * René MOUAWAD: Minister of National Education and of Fine Arts Michel EDDE: Minister of Information * Khaled JUMBLATT: Minister of Economy and Trade Michel MURR: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications Anwar al SABBAH: Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources * Ali KHALIL: Minister of Finance * Elias HRAOUI: Minister of Public Works and Transport Mohammed Yusuf BEYDOUN: Minister of Industry and Oil Selim al JAHEL: Minister of Housing and Cooperatives * Abdel Rahman al LABBAN: Minister of Labour and Social Affairs Mustapha DERNAYKA: Minister of Agriculture Marwan HAMADEH: Minister of Tourism * Joseph ABOU KHATER * Mounir ABOU FADEL Cesar NASR Ministers of State Sami YUNIS Mahmoud AMMAR

LIV - Cabinet of Chafiq WAZZAN (Oct. 8, 1982-30 Apr. 1984) On Oct. 4, 1982 President Gemayel appointed as Prime Minister, Mr. Chafiq al-Wazzan, who on Oct. 8, 1982formed a new 10-member Cabinet composed of extra parliamentarians. The full membership of the new Cabinet was as follows: * Chafiq al-WAZZAN: Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Elie SALEM: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates Affairs * Roger CHIKHANI: Minister of Justice and of Information * Pierre el KHOURY: Minister of Public Works and Transport, and of Agriculture Ibrahim HALAOUI: Minister of Economy and Trade, and of Tourism * Bahaeddine BSAT: Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources, and of Housing and Cooperatives Adnan MROUE: Minister of Health, and of Labour and Social Affairs Issam KHOURY: Minister of Defense, and of Education and Fine Arts * George FREM: Minister of P.T.T., and of Industry and Oil Adel HAMIYE: Minister of Finance 492

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LV - Cabinet of Rashid KARAME (Apr. 30 1984 - Nov. 1989)

Brigadier Issam ABOU JAMRA: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of P.T.T. and Economy and Trade, Housing and Cooperatives. Brigadier Edgard MAALOUF: Minister of Health, Social Affairs and Finance and Petroleum and Industry. Colonel Lutfi JABER: Minister of Justice, Hydraulic and Electrical Energy and Agriculture. General Nabil KORAITEM: Minister of Interior, Education and Fine Arts and Foreign Affairs. General Mahmoud Tay ABOU DARGHAM: Minister of Tourism, Public Works and Tramsports and Labour On September 23, Col. Lutfi Jaber, Gen. Nabil Koraitem and Gen. Mahmoud Toy Abou Dargham, announced that they would not take up their positions. Consequently, the portfolios were redistributed as follows: General Michel AOUN: Prime Minister, Minister of National Defence and Information, and Commander in Chief of the Lebanese Army. Minister by interim of Foreign Affairs; Interior; and National Education Brigadier Issam ABOU JAMRA: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of P.T.T., Housing and Cooperatives, Economy and Trade. Minister by interim of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources; Justice; and Agriculture. Brigadier Edgard MAALOUF: Minister of Finance, Health and Social Affairs, Industry and Petroleum. Minister by interim of Public Works; Tourism; and Labour

On Apr. 30, 1984 President Gemayel appointed as Prime Minister, Mr. Rashid Karame, who on Apr. 30, 1984 formed a new 10-member Cabinet. The full membership of the new Cabinet was as follows: * Rashid KARAME: Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates Affairs * Camille CHAMOUN: Minister of Finance and of Housing and Cooperatives * Adel OSSEYRANE: Minister of Defense and of Agriculture Selim el HOSS: Minister of Labour and of National Education and of Fine Arts * Joseph SKAFF: Minister of Information * Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and of Health and Social Affairs * Abdalla RACY: Minister of Interior * Victor CASSIR: Minister of Economy and Trade and of Industry and Oil Nabih BERRI: Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources and of Justice Walid JOUMBLATT: Minister of Public Works and Transport and of Tourism On May 7, 1984 the portfolio of Minister of State for Reconstruction and Affairs of South Lebanon was conferred also upon Mr. Nabih BERRI. On May 11, 1984 Mr. Joseph SKAFF also assumed the function of Acting Minister of Interior. On August 29, 1984 Sheikh Pierre GEMAYEL passed away and on Sept. 4, 1984 Mr. Joseph al HACHEM was appointed as Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and of Health and Social Affairs. The Prime Minister Mr. Rachid Karame resigned as head of the Government on May 4, 1987.He was assassinated on June 1, 1987. Dr. Selim el Hoss was appointed as interim Prime Minister in addition to his other porf olios, on the same date. On November, 261987, Mr. Joseph Skaff resigned. On formation of the new Government on September 22, 1988 Mr. Victor Cassir and Mr. Joseph el Hachem resigned. While Dr. Selim el Hoss, Adel Osseyrane, Abdallah al Racy, Nabih Bern and Walid Joumblatt contested the legality of the new Government and considered that their government is the legitimate one.

LVII - Cabinet of Selim HOSS (Nov. 25, 1989 - Dec. 19, 1990) Selim HOSS: Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Michel SASSINE: Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Labour * Nazih BIZRI: Minister of Economy and Trade * Georges SAADE: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications Edmond RIZK: Minister of Justice and Information * Ali KHALIL: Minister of Finance Souren KHANAMIRIAN: Minister of Industry and Petroleum * Abdallah RASSY: Minister of Health, Social Affairs and Tourism Nabih BERRI: Minister of Hydraulic Resources, Housing and Cooperatives Walid JOUMBLAT: Minister of Public Works and Transportation Elias KHAZEN: Minister of the Interior Albert MANSOUR: Minister of National Defence Mohsen DALLOUL: Minister of Agriculture Omar KARAME: Minister of Education and Fine Arts LVIII - Cabinet of Omar Karame (December 24, 1990 - May 10, 1992)

LVI - Cabinet Michel AOUN (Sept. 22, 1988 - Nov. 24, 1989) On Sept. 22, 1988 President Amin Gemayel appointed (by decree No. 5387) as Prime Minister General Michel Aoun, who on the same date (by decree No. 5 388) formed a new 6 member Cabinet as follows: General Michel AOUN: Prime Minister, Minister of Defence and Information, Commander in Chief of the Lebanese Army.

Omar KARAME: Prime Minister 493

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Michel MURR: Vice prime Minister and Minister of Defence * Georges SAADE: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications Fares BOUEIZ: Minister of Foreign Affairs Boutros HARB: Minister of Education and Fine Arts * Jamil KEBBE: Minister of Health and Social Affairs Mohamed JAROUDI: Minister of Industry and Petroleum Gen. Sami KHATIB: Minister of the Interior Mohsen DALLOUL: Ministerof Agriculture Mohamed Abdelhamid BEYDOUN: Minister of Housing and Cooperatives * Ali KHALIL: Minister of Finance Mohamed Youssef BEYDOUN: Minister of Hydraulic and Electrical Resources Michel SASSINE: Minister of Labour Albert MANSOUR: Minister of Information Nadim SALEM: Minister of Public Works Talal ARSLAN: Minister of Tourism Marwan HAMADE: Minister of Economy and Trade * Khatchik BABIKIAN: Minister of Justice Hagop JOKH AD ARI AN : Minister of State for Environment Samir GEAGEA: Minister of State Sleiman Tony FRANGIEH: Minister of State * Elie HOBEIKA: Minister of State * Nazih BIZRI: Minister of State Zaher KHATIB: Minister of State for Administrative Reforms Abdallah AMINE: Minister of State Nabih BERRI: Minister of State * Chawki FAKHOURY: Minister of State for Land Transport, Shipping and Aviation Assaad HARDANE: Minister of State Nicolas KHOURY: Minister of State Walid JOUMBLATT: Minister of State

Nabih BERRI: Minister of State Mohsen DALLOUL: Minister of Agriculture Sami KHATIB: Minister of the Interior * Chawki FAKHOURY: Minister of Public Works and Transport Abdallah AMIN: Minister of Labour Asaad HARDANE: Minister of State Mohamed Abdelhamid BEYDOUN: Minister of Electric Energy and Water Resources Fares BOUEZ: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants Samir GEAGEA: Minister of State * Elias Joseph HOBEIKA: Minister of State for Displaced persons Sleiman Antoine FRANGIEH: Minister of Housing and Cooperatives Chahe BARSOUMIAN: Minister of Industry and Oil Samir MAKDESSI: Minister of Economy and Trade Assaad DIAB: Minister of Finance Ahmed Sami M IN KARA: Minister of Tourism Michel SAMAHA: Minister of Information Mr. Samir Geagea immediatly announcement of the goverment.

resigned

on

LX - Cabinet of Rafie HARIRI (Oct. 31, 1992 - May 25, 1995) * Rafie HARIRI: Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Michel MURR: Deputy Prime Minister Rida WAHID: Minister of State for Emigrants Affairs Michel EDDE: Minister of State for Cultural Affairs and Higher Education Bahige TABBARA: Minister of Justice with a Portfolio for Administrative Reform Assaad RIZK: Minister of Industry and Petroleum Marwan HAMADEH: Minister of Health and Social Affairs * Georges FREM: Minister of Electrical Energy and Water Resources Walid JOUMBLAT: Minister of State for Displaced persons Affairs Mohsen DALLOUL: Minister of National Defence Abdallah AMIN: Minister of Labour Farès BOUEZ: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Elias HOBEIKA: Minister of State for Handicaped and Social Affairs Sleiman Antoine FRANGIEH: Minister of State for Municipal and Rural Affairs Chahé BARSOUMIAN: Minister of State Michel SAMAHA: Minister of Information Mikhail DAHER: Minister of National Education and Fine Arts Omar MISKAOUI: Minister of State for Transport Affairs

On the 20th March Mr. Samir GEAGEA has resigned from the Government, and Mr. Roger DIB has been appointed Minister of State in his place. LIX - Cabinet of Rachid SOLH (May 16, 1992 - Oct. 30, 1992) Rachid SOLH: Prime Minister Michel MURR: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence * Nazih BIZRI: Minister of State * Nasri MAALOUF: Minister of Justice * Georges SAADE: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications * Zaki MAZBOUDI: Minister of Education Marwan HAMADEH: Minister of Health and Social Affairs Walid JOUMBLAT: Minister of State

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Anwar KHALIL: Minister of State Nicolas FATTOUCH: Minister of Tourism Bechara MERHEGE: Minister of the Interior * Hassan EZZEDINE: Minister of State for Professional and Technical Education Ali OSSEIRAN: Minister of State Mahmoud ABOU HAMDAN: Minister of Housing and Cooperatives Mohamed GHAZIRI: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications Adel CORTAS: Minister of Agriculture Samir MOKBEL: Minister of State for Environmental Affairs Agop DEMERDJIAN: Minister of Economy and Trade Mohamed Bassam MORTADA: Minister of Public works and Transport Fuad SINIORA: Minister of State On 11 November 1992, Mr. Fuad Siniora, Minister of State, became Minister of State for financial Affairs. On 15 March 1993, the following changes took place: Mr. Walid Joumblat became Minister for Displaced Persons Affairs, Suleiman Frangieh Minister for Municipal and Rural Affairs. On 10 April 1993, the following became Ministers instead of Ministers of State of their respective portfolios: Rida Wahid Minister of Emigrants, Michel Edde Minister of Culture and Higher Education, Elias Hobeika Minister of Social Affairs, Omar Miskaoui Minister of Transport, Hassan Ezzedine Minister of Technical and Professional Education, Samir Mokbel Minister of Environment. On 11 June 1993, Mr. Georges Frem became Minister of State and Mr. Elias Hobeika became Minister of Water and Electrical Resources and Social Affairs. On 11 August 1993, Mr. Georges Frem was dismissed from the government and Mr. Jean Obeid was appointed Minister of State. On 2 September 1994, the following changes took place: Michel Murr Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior, Elias HOBEIKA Minister of Water and Electrical Resources, Chahe BARSOUMIAN Minister of Social Affairs, Bechara MERHEGE Minister of State, instead of Mr. Michel Murr Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Elias Hobeika Minister of Water and Electrical Resources and Social Affairs, Mr. Chahe Barsoumian Minister of State, Mr. Bechara Merhege Minister of the Interior. On 8 September 1994, Mr. Bechara Merhege resigned.

Michel EDDE: Minister of Cultural Affairs and Higher Education * Ali KHALIL: Minister of Emigrants Affairs Bahige TABBARA: Minister of Justice Marwan HAMADEH: Minister of Health Walid JOUMBLAT: Minister of Displaced Persons Affairs Mohsen DALLOUL: Minister of National Defence Nadim SALEM: Minister of State * Chawki FAKHOURY: Minister of Agriculture Assaad H ARDANE: Minister of Labour Fares BOUEZ: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Elias HOBEIKA: Minister of Water and Electrical Resources Chahé BARSOUMIAN: Minister of Industiy and Petroleum Agop DEMERDJIAN: Minister et Municipal and Rural Affairs Omar MISKAOUI: Minister of Transport Anwar KHALIL: Minister of State for Administrative Reform Affairs Nicolas FATTOUCH: Minister of Tourism Mahmoud ABOU HAMDAN: Minister of Housing and Cooperatives Fuad SINIORA: Minister of State for Financial Affairs Kabalan ISSAL KHOURY: Minister of State * Joseph MOGHAIZEL: Minister of Environment Abdulrahim MOURAD: Minister of Professional and Technical Education Robert GHANEM: Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports Farid MAKARI: Minister of Information Estephan DOUEIHI: Minister of Social Affairs Fadi SHALAK: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications Yassin JABER: Minister of Economy and Trade * Ali HRAJLI: Minister of Public Works Fayez CHOKR: Minister of State On May 29, 1995 Mr. Joseph Moghaizel passed away. On June 26, 1995 Mr. Pierre Pharaon was appointed Minister of Environment. On October 2, 1996 Mr. Kabalan Issai Khoury tended his resignation from the Government which was accepted on October 15, 1996. LXH - Cabinet Rafie HARIRI (Nov. 7, 1996-Dec. 3, 1998)

LXI - Cabinet Rafie HARIRI (May 25, 1995 - Nov. 6, 1996)

* Rafie HARIRI: Prime Minister, Minister of Finance and Minister of Posts and Telecommunications Michel MURR: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior Michel EDDE: Minister of State Bahige TABBARA: Minister of Justice

* Rafie HARIRI: Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Michel MURR: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior 495

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Education Suleiman FRANGIEH: Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Housing and Cooperatives Anwar AL KHALIL: Minister of Information and Minister of Displaced Persons Affairs Ghazi ZEATTER: Minister of National Defence Michel MOUSSA: Minister of Labour and Minister of Social Affairs Issam NAAMAN: Minister of Posts and Telecommunications Joseph CHAOUL: Minister of Justice *Hassan CHALAK: Minister of State for Administrative Reform Suleiman TRABOULSI: Minister of Hydraulic and Electric Resources and Minister of Petroleum Georges CORM: Minister of Finance Karam KARAM: Minister of Health Nasser SAIDI: Minister of Economy and Trade and Minister of Industry Arthur NAZARIAN: Minister of Tourism and Minister of Environment Negib MIKATI: Minister of Public Works and Minister of Transport

Walid JOUMBLAT: Minister of Displaced Persons Affairs Mohsen DALLOUL: Minister of National Defence Nadim SALEM: Minister of Minister of State for Industry Affairs * Chawki FAKHOURY: Minister of Agriculture Assaad HARDANE: Minister of Labour Fares BOUEZ: Minister of Foreign Affairs * Elias HOBEIKA: Minister of Water and Electrical Resources Sleiman FRANGIEH: Minister of Health Emir Talal ARSLANE: Minister of Emigrants Affairs Chahé Β ARSOUMI AN : Minister of Industry and Petroleum Omar MISKAOUI: Minister of Transport Nicolas FATTOUCH: Minister of Tourism Bechara MERHEGE: Minister of State for.Administrative Reform Affairs i Mahmoud ABOU HAMDAN: Minister of Housing and Cooperatives Agop Yervant DEMERDJIAN: Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs Fuad SINIORA: Minister of State for Financial Affairs Jean OBEID: Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports Yassin JABER: Minister of Economy and Trade * Ali HRAJLI: Minister of Public Works Fawzi HOBEICHE: Minister of Cultural Affairs and Higher Education Bassem SABEH: Minister of Information Akram CHEHAYEB: Minister of Environment Ayoub HMAYED: Minister of Social Affairs Farouk BARBIR: Minister of Professional and Technical Education Elias HANNA: Minister of State Ghazi SEIFEDDINE: Minister of State

LXIV - Cabinet Rafie HARIRI (Oct. 26, 2000 - April 16, 2003) * Ràfie HARIRI: Prime Minister Issam FARES: Deputy Prime Minister Ali ABDALLAH: Minister of Agriculture Ghassan SALAMEH: Minister of Culture Marwan HAMADEH: Minister of Displaced *Bassel FLAYHAN: Minister of Economy & Trade Abdulrahim MOURAD: Minister of Education & Higher Education Mohamed Abdelhamid BEYDOUN: Minister of Energy & Water Michel MOUSSA: Minister of Environment Fouad SINIORA: Minister of Finance Mahmoud HAMMOUD: Minister of Foreign Affairs & Emigres Sulayman FRANJIEH: Minister of Health *George FREM: Minister of Industry Ghazi ARIDI: Minister of Information Elias MURR: Minister of Interior & Municipalities Sam ir AI-JISR: Minister of Justice Ali KANSO: Minister of Labor Khalil HRAOUI: Minister of National Defense Najib MIKATI: Minister of Public Works & Transport Assaad DIAB: Minister of Social Affairs Talal ARSLANE: Minister of State Nazih BEYDOUN: Minister of State * Pierre HELOU: Minister of State Bechara MERHEJ: Minister of State Michel PHARAON: Minister of State Bahige TABBARAH: Minister of State

On June 5, 1997 (Decree N° 10357) Mr. Nadim Salem became Minister of Industry and Mr. Chahe Barsoumian became Minister of Petroleum. Also on June 5, 1997 (decree N° 10358) Mr. Elias Hanna became Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs. On July 30, 1998 (decree N° 12721) Mr. Agop Demerdjian resigned from the government. LXIII - Cabinet Selim HOSS (Dec. 4, 1998 - Oct. 25, 2000) Selim HOSS: Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Emigrants Michel MURR: Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior and Minister of Municipal and Rural Affairs Mohamed Youssef BEYDOUN: Minister of National Education, Youth and Sports, Minister of Technical and Professional Education and Minister of Culture and Higher

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Fouad SAAD: Minister of State for Administrative Reform Affairs Jean Louis CARDAHI: Minister of Telecommunications Karam KAR AM: Minister of Tourism Sebouh HOVNANIAN: Minister of Youth & Sports

Elias SABA: Minister of Finance Elie FERZLI: Minister of Information Sleimane FRANGIE: Minister of the Interior Talal ARSLANE: Minister of Displaced Person's Affairs Ahmed Sami MINKARA: Minister of Education and Higher Education Abdal-Rahim MRAD: Minister of Defense Yassine JABER: Minister of Public Works and Transport Ghazi ZEAITER: Minister of Social Affairs Sebouh HOVNANIAN: Minister of Youth and Sports Mahmoud HAMMOUD: Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean-Louis CORDAHI: Minister of Telecommunications Elie SKAFF: Minister of Agriculture Assem KANSO: Minister of Labor Farid EL-KHAZEN: Minister of Tourism Adnane KASSAR: Minister of Economy and trade Adnane ADDOUM: Minister of Justice Naji BOUSTANY: Minister of Culture Maurice SEHNAOUI: Minister of Energy and Water Leila SOLH: Minister of Industry Ibrahim DAHER: Minister of State for Administrative Development Mohamed Jawad KHALIFE: Minister of Health Wi'am WAHHAB: Minister of Environment Albert MANSOUR: Minister of State Karam KARAM: Minister of State Mahmoud ABDEL-KHALEK: Minister of State Wafa' HAMZE: Minister of State Alain TABOURIAN: Minister of State Youssef SALAME: Minister of State

LXV - Cabinet Rafie HARIRI (April 17, 2003 - 0ct.26,2004) * Rafie HARIRI: Prime Minister Issam FARES: Deputy Prime Minister Ali Hassan KHALIL: Minister of Agriculture Ghazi ARIDI: Minister of Culture Abdullah FARHAT: Minister of Displaced Person's Affairs Karim PAKRADOUNI: Minister of Administrative Development Marwan HAMADEH: Minister of Economy Samir Al-JISR: Minister of Education & Higher Education Ayoub HMAYED: Minister of Energy & Water Fares BOUEZ: Minister of Environment Fouad SINIORA: Minister of Finance Jean OBEID: Minister of Foreign Affairs Sulayman FRANJIEH: Minister of Health Elie SKAFF: Minister of Industry Michel SAMAHA: Minister of Information Elias MURR: Minister of Interior & Municipalities Bahige TABBARAH: Minister of Justice Assaad HARDANE: Minister of Labor Mahmoud HAMMOUD: Minister of National Defense Najib MIKATI: Minister of Public Works & Transport Assaad DIAB: Minister of Social Affairs Michel MOUSSA: Minister of State Ali KANSO: Minister of State Khalil HRAOUI: Minister of State Talal ARSLANE: Minister of State Abdulrahim MOURAD: Minister of State Karam KARAM: Minister of State Jean Louis CARDAHI: Minister of Telecommunications Ali ABDALLAH: Minister of Tourism Sebouh HOVNANIAN: Minister of Youth & Sports

On February 18, 2005 (Decree No. 14191) Mr. Farid El Khazen resigned from the Government which was accepted and on February 18, 2005 (Decree No. 14192) Mr. Wadih El-Khazen became Minister of Tourism in his place. LXVII - Cabinet Najib MIKATI (April 20, 2005 - July 19, 2005) Najib MIKATI: Prime Minister Elias MURR: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence Adel HAMIYE: Minister of Public Works and Transports and of displaced Person's Mahmoud HAMOUD: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Émigrés Ghassan SALAME: Minister of Education, higher Education and Minister of Culture Mahmoud Jawad KHALIFE: Minister of Public Health and Minister of Social Affairs Alain TABOURIAN: Minister of Telecommunications and Minister of Youth and Sports Charles RIZK: Minister of Information and Minister of Tourism

On September 9, 2004 (Decree No. 13345) Mr. Marwan Hamadeh, Ghazi el Aridi, Fares Bouez and Abdallah Farhat resigned from the Government which was accepted.

LXVI - Cabinet Omar KARAME (Oct. 27, 2004-April 19, 2005) Omar KARAME: Prime Minister Issam FARES: Deputy Prime Minister

497

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Khaled RABBANI: Minister of Justice Hassan SABEH : Minister of Interior and Municipal and rural Affairs Trad Kanj HAMADE: Minister of Labor and Minister of Agriculture Tarek MITRI: Minister of Environment and Minister of State for Administrative development Damien KATTAR: Minister of Finance and Minister of Economy and Trade Bassam YAMMINE: Minister of Energy and Water and Minister of Industry

Charles RIZK: Minister of Justice Khaled RABBANI: Minister of Education and Higher Education Hassan SABEH: Minister of Interior and Municipal and rural Affairs Trad Kanj HAMADE: Minister of Labor Tarek MITRI: Minister of Culture Nehme TOHME: Minister of Displaced Nayla MOUAWAD: Minister of Social Affairs Mohamed SAFADI: Minister of Public Works and Transport Mohamed FNEICHE: Minister of Energy and Water Ahmad FATFAT: Minister of Youth and Sports Jean OGHASSABIAN: Minister of State for Administrative development Pierre GEMAYEL: Minister of Industry Fawzi SALLOUKH: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Émigrés Joseph SARKIS: Minister of Tourism Sam i HADDAD: Minister of Economy and Trade Talal SAHILI: Minister of Agriculture Yaacoub SARRAF: Minister of Environment Jihad AZHOUR: Minister of Finance

On April 28, 2005, Mr. Ghassan Salameh immediately resigned on announcement of the government and Mr. Assaad Rizk has been appointed Minister of Education, Higher Education and Minister of Culture. LXVIII - Cabinet Fouad SINIORA (July 20, 2005 - ) Fouad SINIORA: Prime Minister Elias MURR: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Marwan HAMADE: Minister of Telecommunication Michel PHARAON: Minister of State for Parliament's Affairs Ghazi ARIDI: Minister of Information Mohamed KHALIFE: Minister of Public Health

On 6 February 2006 Mr. Hassan Sabeh resigned, He was replaced by Ahmed Fatfat.

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Official Lebanese Decorations LEGISLATIVE DECREE No. 122 of 12 JUNE 1959 regarding the classification of national decorations The President of the Lebanese Republican Pursuance of the Lebanese Constitution, Considering the law of 12 December 1958, On the proposal of the President of the Council of Ministers, And in conformity with the findings of the Council of Ministers

recommentation of the minister indicating the reasons for which the decoration or promotion has been awarded. b) The Merit Medal is conferred by decision from the Minister of the Interior following a suggestion from the Director General of the Internal Security. c) The Military Merit Order is conferred by a decision from the Minister of National Defence following a recommendation from the Commander in Chief of the Army. d) The "War Order" and the "Casualties Order" is conferred following a decision from the Minister of Defence or Minister of the Interior after a recommendation from the Commander in Chief of the Army or the Director General concerned. Art. 3 - Specifications, ribbons, distinctive insignias and conditions governing the remittance and wear of decorations shall be fixed by decree emanating from the Council of Ministers on the proposal of the Decorations Council. (1) - National decorations shall be conferred for life. They may be withdrawn only within the framework of conditions fixed in the present legislative decree. (2) - A certificate shall be delivered to any person on whom a decoration has been conferred, in conformity with the conditions determined by the Decorations Council.

DECREES: TITLE 1 PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE DIFFERENT NATIONAL DECORATIONS CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. 1 - Decorations shall be classified in conformity with the following order: 1 - Lebanese Order of Merit 2 - National Order of Cedar 3 - Military Honorary Order 4 - Military Medal 5 - War Order 6 - Aviation Eagle Order 7 - Navy Medal 8 - Military Order of Merit 9 - Merit Medal 10 - Casualties Order 11 - War Operations Memorial Orders 12 - Labour Order 13 - Public Education Order 14 - Health Order of Merit 15 - Agricultural Order of Merit 16 - Teacher Medal 17 - Conferences Memorial Medal 18- Prisoner Medal N.B. The War Operations Memorial Orders are: - National Struggle Medal (11-22 Nov. 1943) - Palestine Memorial Medal - 31 December 1961 Memorial Order - National Unity Order (13-31 October 1990) - Order of Dawn of the South (Fajr Al Jounoub) (1/10 July 1991) Decorations shall be worn in the order specified above. However, the Lebanese Merit Medal shall be worn before the Cedar Order only if it is of Grand Cordon category. A part from this case, it shall be worn immediately after it. Art. 2 - a) The decoration or promotion mentioned in Art.l from one grade to another shall be conferred by decree published in the Official Gazette, following the

CHAPTER II ADMINISTRATION OF NATIONAL DECORATIONS THE DECORATIONS COUNCIL Art. 4 - Administration of national decorations shall be assumed, under the control of the President of the Republic, by a council, styled "Decorations Council", the composition of which shall be as follows: - Chairman (Amid) - Deputy Chairman (Naeb Amid) - Six members - Secretary. Members may be increased in number as shall be specified in subsection (d) of paragraph (3) of article 5 below. Art. 5 1 - The chairman, deputy chairman and members of the Council shall be appointed for a tenure of three years by decree emanating from the Council of Ministers, on the proposal of the president of the Council of Ministers, their appointment being subject to cancellation in the same form. Renewal of one third of the members shall be effected annually. Outgoing members of the first year shall be 499

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

designated by drawing lots. 2 - The chairman and deputy chairman shall - as a matter of obligation - be holders of the Lebanese Merit Medal (1st class), and of the Order of Cedar with Commander grade at least. Furthermore, they shall be required to have exercised a public function for 20 years, five of which at least in equivalent first category. 3 - Members of the Council shall be appointed in the following manner: a) Two members shall represent holders of the Lebanese Merit. They shall be selected from among holders of at least the first class (grade) of this decoration. b) Two members shall represent holders of the Order of Cedar. They shall be selected from among holders of this Order, with at least Commander grade. c) Two members shall represent holders of the Public Education Medal. They shall be selected from among holders of this Medal, of the 1st or 2nd class. d) In case new civil decorations are instituted, two members representing each of these decorations shall be appointed, in accordance with such conditions as may be laid down by the Decorations Council. However, if one of the members pertains to two or several decoration categories, he shall represent as of right, all these categories, and there shall be no need to appoint other members for this purpose. 4 - The four Council members: the chairman, the deputy chairman and the two representatives of the Cedar Order shall appoint one Army representative and one Inland Security Forces representative, provided that these two representatives have duly obtained the Cedar Order in their military capacity; they shall represent the Army and the Security Forces in all regulations concerning the other decorations. 5 - The Civil Servant in charge of the Decorations Service at the Presidency of the Republic shall exercise, in principle, the function of Secretary to the Decorations Council. He shall not be required to be the holder of a decoration. The Council Secretary shall have no voting right. Art. 6 - Mission of the Council shall be: 1 - to see to the enforcement of the laws and regulations governing decorations. 2 - to see to the moral dignity of the different Orders and to propose such measures as may be necessary to safeguard such dignity by selecting members deemed appropriate and discarding members who may jeopardize this dignity. 3 - to report its findings on the following questions: a) Draft regulations and matters of principle concerning the various regulations governing Lebanese and foreign decorations. b) proposals regarding the award of Lebanese decorations or promotion from one class to another. c) disciplinary measures against holders of decorations. Art. 7 - Subject to nullity, no award of decoration and

no promotion may be effected without the approval of the Decorations Council, with the exception of the following Medals, which the authority to confer them is confined to the Minister of national Defence or the Minister of the Interior as stipulated in article 2: - Merit medal - Military Merit Medal - War Order - Casualties Order Art. 8 - When convened to examine matters common to all categories of decorations or to a certain number of them, or in respect of one of them only, the Council shall be formed as follows: a) Questions common to all categories: Full dress Council meeting. b) Matters special to one or several categories: Chairman Deputy Chairman All Council members holding the decorations under review. Art. 9 - The Council shall meet when convened by its chairman at least once per quarter and whenever there shall be need. 1 - The chairman shall be required to convoke the ^ council upon the request of at least one third of its members. 2 - The meeting shall be valid only if attended by one half of the members composing the Council in conformity with the provisions of Art. 8 of the present legislative decree. 3 - The Council's resolutions shall be carried by majority vote. In case of a tie, the chairman's vote has casting power. 4 - In the absence of the chairman and deputy chairman, chairmanship shall be assumed by the member holding the highest grade of the Order of Cedar; at even grade, by the oldest. 5 - The Secretary shall, under the chairman's control draw up a report of all the Council's deliberations, such report to be signed by the Chairman and the Secretary. Art. 10 - Members of the Decorations Council shall draw no indemnity arising from their activities in the council. Art. 11 - Should one of its members fail to attend on no valid ground the following measures shall be taken against him: 2 - absences: oral warning addressed by the chairman. 3 - absences: the member shall be deemed to have resigned. Art. 12 - The chairman shall be in direct relationship with the President of the Republic. Art. 13 - The chairman shall exercise the following functions: 1 - He shall submit to the Council all matters within his competence, he shall convene the members, preside at the meetings and see to it that the Council discharges its duties 500

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- In such a case the decision shall be taken by presidential decree in conformity with the Decorations Council's findings. - Following a decision from the Minister concerned in cases where decorations have been conferred on proposal by the Minister. For the implementation of the present provisions, each Ministry shall have to advise the chairman of the Decorations Council of such disciplinary sanctions as may be taken against recipients of decorations, notably: - rétrogradation - suspension. Art. 19 1 - Any suspension or striking out from one of the national decorations categories shall be notified to the party concerned through administrative channels. 2 - From the foregoing there shall result prohibition to wear the decoration and forfeiture of the advantages attaching thereto, either throughout the period of suspension, or permanently. Suspension or final withdrawal of the permit to wear a foreign decoration may equally result therefrom. 3 - Execution of the judicial sentence of a recipient of the Order of Cedar to an infamous penalty shall be preceded, within the sentence itself, by condemnation to withdrawal of the decoration and the stripping off of the insignia. These provisions shall apply to recipients of the Military Medal and the Lebanese Merit. 4 - Modalities of enforcement of the provisions of the present chapter shall be governed by decree issued on the proposal of the Decorations Council.

as assigned. 2 - He shall study and prepare matters to be put before the Council. 3 - He shall see to the safekeeping of the reports referred to in paragraph 5 of art. 9 above. 4 - he shall control the members pertaining to the different categories of recipients. 5 - He shall table the Council's proposals before the President of the Republic. 6 - He shall guide and control the secretariat. 7 - He shall examine and adjudicate the different matters pertaining to the Council's activities. Art. 14 - The deputy chairman shall assist the chairman and replace him in case of absence. CHAPTER III RULES GOVERNING THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DECORATIONS Art. 15 - Beneficiary of a decoration shall be required to meet the following (conditions): 1 - not to have been convicted of crime or one of the offences specified in article 17 of the present legislative decree. 2 - not to have been dismissed from a public office in pursuance of a court sentence returned against him, or for disciplinary reasons, or for professional disability. However, outstanding services rendered to the Fatherland, courageous actions and high deeds performed in the interest of the nation may counteract inaptitude resulting from dismissal for disciplinary reasons or disability 3 - Be of good repute. Art. 16 - Public prosecutors of civil and military jurisdictions shall be required to submit to the Decorations Council an extract of all sentences returned in criminal and summary proceedings against recipients of any of the decorations. Art. 17 - Should the recipient of one or several decorations be sentenced to a criminal penalty or to one of the infamous penalties provided by Lebanese laws, or if he should be slipped of Lebanese nationality, his name shall be forthwith stricken off the one or several categories to which he pertains. - In sush a case the decision shall be taken by presidential decree in conformity with the Decorations Council's findings. - Following a decision from the Minister concerned in cases where decorations have been conferred on proposal by the Minister. Art. 18 - If the recipient of one or several national decorations should commit a non infamous offence, but an offence inconsistent with the dignity of decorations, or if he should commit grievous fault against honour, order, fidelity or the rules of good repute and conduct, he may be temporarily suspended or definitively stricken off the one or several decoration categories to which he pertains.

VARIOUS PROVISIONS Art. 20 1 - In January each year, a decree emanating from the Council of Ministers in conformity with the findings of the Decorations Council shall fix for the current year the nationals that may be decorated or promoted. The distribution of this number among the various Ministries may be provided for. However, these provisions shall not apply to military personnel of the Army nor to the Inland Security Forces. 2 - All the rules and conditions expressed in the present legislative decree, in what concerns the award of decorations to military personnel of the Army or their promotion within the framework of anyone of the decorations categories shall apply in full to members of the Inland Security Forces, account being taken of the equivalence of grades between each other. Art. 21 1 - Each Minister shall put before the Decorations Council his Ministry's proposals referring to the award of decorations or promotion from one grade to another. When the decree referred to in the preceding article has determined the maximum number such number shall not be exceeded. The Decorations Council shall diligently propose the postponement of the award of decorations of

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

promotion to the least deserving candidates. 2 - The proposals referred to in the above paragraph (1) shall be transmitted to the Decorations Council within the time limit fixed by that Council by virtue of special directives edicted to this end. However, proposals of an urgent and exceptional character may be formulated at any time, in accordance with the same conditions. The 31st December which immediately follows the date of submission of the proposal shall be taken as basis for the computation of time seniority for the obtention of decorations or of promotion. Art. 22 - Each candidature shall be supported by an extract of the judicial record established 3 months earlier at most as well as by a statement of grounds unquestionably demonstrating the candidate's merit. In the event of a proposal for promotion, the candidate must have acquired, since his last promotion, at least one justification, that shall be taken into consideration additionally to those that have determined the award of his decoration or his last promotion. Furthermore, the proposal based on the candidate's time seniority on State service or the service of a major public establishment, shall be accompanied by a statement of the candidate's service record, his professional and disciplinary notations. A civil servant who remains attached to the Administration shall be exempted from submitting his judicial record. Service seniority shall in no way constitute sufficient justification. Application of merit shall lie within the competence of the Decorations Council and the final decision shall pertain to the President of the Republic, in comformity with the terms of the present legislative decree. Art. 23 1 - Promotion from one of the decorations categories can be effected solely to the grade following immediately. 2 - Where no inconvenience exists, remittance of the decoration shall be effected within a ceremony the importance of which shall be proportional to the importance of the decoration and the candidate's grade, so as to set out the value of each decoration. Art. 24 1 - Members of the Army, of the Inland Security Forces and of General Security, and National Security and Parliament Police, who shall have obtained the Order of Cedar or who shall have been promoted within the framework of this distinction while they are in active service or for deeds and works performed while on duty, shall collect annual allocations fixed as under: Knight, half basic salary of Lieutenant (1st grade) Officer, half basic salary of Commander (1st grade) Commander, half basic salary of Colonel (1st grade) Grand Officer, half basic salary of General (1st grade) Grand Cordon, half basic salary of Brigadier (1st grade) 2 - a) Allocations for the various Military Medals shall

be fixed, for all degrees, at half basic monthly salary of Sergeant 1st grade. b) The medals are conferred to officers and members of the Parliament Police as proposed by the Parliament. Art. 25 - In principle, the same rules shall apply when a national decoration is conferred on a foreigner. Derogation to these rules may bp effected only if demanded by the country's higher interest or if diplomatic courtesy so requires. I - LEBANESE MERIT ORDER A. - GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. 26 - Lebanese Merit may be bestowed solely in the following cases: 1 - EXCEPTIONAL CLASS - To honour Heads of State - The President of the Republic, in view of his function, shall be deemed holder, as of right, of the Lebanese Order of Merit and Supreme Chief of recipients of the Order. He may retain the Lebanese Order of Merit even after expiration of his legislature. 2 - GRAND CORDON a) Presidents of foreign and national legislative corps. b) Presidents of foreign and national Councils of Ministers. c) Princes and princes Heir Apparent. d) Members of Throne Regency Councils. 3 - OTHER CLASSES a) Outstanding services rendered to the country. b) Deeds of outstanding gallantry or of a high moral value. c) Acts of self devotion rendered to the State or to a major public establishment, over a long period. The Medal of Lebanese Merit shall be granted for those reasons defined in paragraphs 3 above and art. 29, only when those reasons are no ground for the award of the Order of Cedar. Art. 27 1 - Lebanese Merit comprises the Exceptional Class, the Grand Cordon and 4 ordinary classes: First class: Gold Medal. Second class: Silver Medal with palm. Third class: Silver Medal Fourth class: Bronze Medal 2 - None may obtain the Medal of one of those classes so long as the Medal of the immediately lower class has not been obtained, except in those cases provided for in paragraph a) and b) of art. 26 and other articles in cases where the proposal is confined to the Council of Ministers after having consulted the Decorations Council. B- AWARD OF THE LEBANESE MERIT MEDAL a) CIVILIANS Art. 28 - In order to obtain the Grand Cordon, the 502

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candidate is expected to meet no other condition than that of occupying the function qualifying therefore. Art. 29 - No one may be appointed or promoted to the ordinary classes of the Lebanese Merit, in conformity with the provisions of paragraph c) of art. 26 above, unless he has served the State or a major public establishment over a period specified in the following table: Administrative categories of civil servants or their equivalent

and deeds referred to in paragraphs a) and b) of article 26. However, the decoration shall be awarded only in the class consistent with the candidate's rank. c) Army officers and members of the Inland Security Forces of equal rank as Army officers may be promoted to the immediate following class provided they meet the conditions set out in art. 30. SPECIAL PROVISIONS TO DIFFERENT DECORATIONS

What is required for the candidate to obtain the Lebanese Merit Medal

II - NATIONAL ORDER OF CEDAR

1st class 2nd class 3rd class 4th class

1st class and above

30 years

2nd class

30 years

3rd class

30 years

25

20

4th class

30 years

25

20

Lebanese technicians exercising a function requiring a higher diploma

20 years

15

10

A - GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. 32 - The National Cedar Order may be conferred solely to honour and reward: a) outstanding services rendered to the country. b) deeds of gallantry and courage, or sacrifices equally outstanding and of a high moral value or worthy to be set as examples to the nation. c) long and loyal services rendered to the State or to a major public establishment. Art. 33 - The Oiñer of Cedar may be awarded to foreigners and Lebanese nationals. Art 34 - The Order of Cedar comprises 5 grades: 1 - Knight 2 - Officer 3 - Commander 4 - Grand officer 5 - Grand Cordon It may be conferred, for the first time, only as Knight. Art. 35 - The President of the Republic, in view of his function, shall be deemed holder, as of right, of the Grand Cordon and Supreme Chief of recipients of the Order. He may retain the Grand Cordon even after expiration of his legislature.

25 15

2 - Irrespective of the category to which they pertain, all candidates who meet the conditions set out in paragraphs a) and b) of art. 26 above may be proposed for the Lebanese Merit Medal, without being subject to service seniority. Art. 30 - Holders of the Lebanese Merit shall be eligible for promotion to the immediate following class if the following conditions are met: a) to have performed once more those acts provided for in paragraphs a) and b) of art. 26 above. b) to have performed, in the course of at least five years following their award of the decoration or the promotion, those services referred to in paragraph c) of the said article. b) ARMY AND SECURITY FORCES Art. 31 - In order to obtain the decoration or be promoted from one class to the other, the following conditions must be filled: a) Officers Third class: the candidate should hold the rank of officer and have spent at least 15 years in active service. second class: the candidate should be an officer and have spent at least 20 years in active service. first class: the candidate should hold the rank of colonel and have spent at least 30 years in active service. b) Military personnel holding the rank of chief sergeant and under shall qualify for Lebanese Merit, 4th class, only if they have spent at least 14 years in active service. They shall not be eligible to those exceptions provided for under paragraph b) of art. 27 above. c) Any adjudant or adjudant-major may obtain this decoration, 3rd class, on the same conditions as those specified in the preceding paragraph. d) The condition of seniority shall not be required, as a matter of obligation, of military personnel of all ranks in case they have been proposed on the basis of those services

B. - REGULATION OF THE ORDER OF CEDAR 1 - CIVILIANS Art. 36 a - Every civil servant of any category may be proposed for the Order of Cedar if he should satisfy those conditions provided for under paragraphs (a and b) of art. 32, irrespective of service seniority. b - No one may be eligible for the order of Cedar by virtue of paragraphs (a and b) of art. 32 unless he has spent at least 25 years on State service or the service of a major public establishment, five years of which at least in a function of the 3rd category or of an equivalent category. Art. 37 - Promotion from one grade to the other shall be subject to the following conditions: 1 - Officer: that the candidate should have held the grade of knight for 8 years. 2 - Commander: 503

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

at least 5 years in the grade of Officers. 3 - Grand Officers: 5 years at least in the grade of Commander. 4 - Grand Cordon: 5 years at least in the grade of Grand Officer. The Order of Cedar with Officer grade may be bestowed only on civil servants of the 2nd category and above

may obtain the Order of Cedar solely if they are recipients of the Military Medal. Art. 41 - Promotion from one grade to the other of Army personnel or of members of the Inland Security Forces shall be subject to the following conditions: TO ORDER OF CEDAR 1 - OFFICER GRADE a) That the candidate should have spent at least 8 years in the grade of 'Knight' and holder 'Commander' grade, or: b) That he should have passed 5 years in the grade of 'Knight' and that he should be: Either 'Commander' and holder of 'Officer' grade for war deeds. Or Colonel with 30 years active service in the Army or the Inland Security Forces. 2 - COMMANDER GRADE Be a Colonel and have passed at least 5 years in the 'Officer' grade of the Order of Cedar. 3 - GRAND OFFICER GRADE Be a Colonel or General and at least 3 years in the grade of 'Commander' 4 - GRAND CORDON Be Commanding Officer of Army C-in-C Art. 42 - Promotion proposals put forward by virtue of paragraphs (a and b), of article 39 and article 40 above shall not be subject to service seniority or to the military grades set out in article 41. Art. 43 - All Proposals recommending the award of the Order of Cedar of promotion to grades on behalf of military personnel or of former Army personnel or members of the Security Forces or of former members of the decorations Council shall be put before the Minister in conformity with the following conditions: - The Army C-in-C shall set down the proposals regarding military personnel and former members of the Army for submission to the Minister of National Defence. - The Gendarmerie Commander, the Director of State Police and the Director of General Security shall each establish proposals in respect of candidates pertaining to their department for submission, through the higher echelons, to the Minister of the Interior.

2 - ARMY, INLAND SECURITY FORCES AND GENERAL SECURITY Art. 38 - In what concerns the Army, the Inland Security Forces the order of Cedar shall be awarded: - in ordinary cases: to officers - in exceptional cases: to NCO's and soldiers. Art. 39 - In peace time, candidates shall be required to meet the following conditions: a) For candidates in active service and with the rank of Army officers or with similar grade in the Inland Security Forces and General Security: - That the candidate should have distinguished himself over a period of at least 20 years, in the Army, the Inland Security Forces and General Security. - Or that he meets at once the following conditions: - 15 years' active service in the Army, the Inland Security Forces or General Security. - 20 years' active service in the Army or Inland Security Forces, with guarantees of war deeds as defined by law. - Be the holder of the War Medal or have been wounded in the performance of duty. b) May equally obtain or be promoted, irrespective of seniority in service: 1 - to the grade of 'Knight', those candidates designated in paragraph a) of the present article, who are holders of at least one citation for outstanding gallantry or for grievous wounds suffered in the performance of duty. 2 - to the grade of 'Officer' or 'Commander', those candidates designated in Paragraph a), and are recipients of a grade immediately lower and meet since then the condition defined in paragraph 1 - b, above. c) The conditions prescribed in the provisions of paragraph 1, of the present article shall apply to officers on the retirement list following the cancellation of employment, who are on an extended leave, who are undergoing a temporary disciplinary penalty or retired. They shall equally apply to candidates of the Security Forces pertaining to an equivalent category or are in the same cases. Art. 40 - The order of Cedar may be awarded in war time, irrespective of service seniority to any member of the Army, the Inland Security Forces or General Security who has been cited for outstanding gallantry or for grievous wounds suffered in war operations or for the maintenance of peace and order. However, NCO's and lower army ranks, as well as members of the security Forces of the equivalent category

Ill - THE MILITARY MEDAL Art. 44 - The purpose of the Military Medal is to reward army personnel other than officers and members of the Inland Security Forces, as well as employees and workers of corresponding grade pertaining to these organisations, who should meet the following conditions: 1 - Irrespective of service seniority: a) if they have been mentioned in dispatches. b) if they have sustained grievous wounds in war operations, or in the maintenance of peace and order, or in the discharge of their duties. c) if they have distinguished themselves by outstanding 504

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deeds deserving reward. 2 - Following 20 years of active service, for officers, employees and workers and 18 years of NCO's, on condition that: a) they are recipients of the Lebanese Merit Medal. b) that they have not incurred disciplinary penalties in excess of 4 days, in the four years prior to the reward. c) that they have not incurred penalties pertaining to serious reasons during the six preceeding years. d) That they have earned their superiors' appreciation. Art. 45 - In exceptional cases, the Military Medal may be awarded to military personnel of the rank of General or Colonel who should be or have been C-in-C of the Army or held the post of Minister. Art. 46 - The Military Medal may be awarded posthumously.

f) to civilian employees and skilled workmen of the Air Force, on condition that their service period is not under 20 years. Art. 49 - The Medal shall be considered: - Outclassed: for senior officers and military technicians, civilian advisers, teachers and medical officers of the Air Force School. - First class: to other officers, civilian teachers and medical officers of the Air Force School. - Second class: to officers and foreign military technicians of a rank equivalent to civilian employees and skilled workmen of the Air Force. - Third class: to other personnel of the Air Force. Art. 50 - The Medal shall be awarded to military personnel of the Army of all ranks in case they have distinguished themseves by gallant action in aviation or on behalf of the Air Force or in the course of combined operations.

IV - THE WAR MEDAL Art. 47 - The War Medal is intended to reward military personnel of all categories, in the Army and the Inland Security Forces, irrespective of service seniority, if they have been mentioned in dispatches for outstanding deeds in the course of war operations, or the maintenance of peace and order deserving such a reward. This Medal shall be awarded to civilians in similar cases, it may equally be bestowed posthumously.

VI - CASUALTIES MEDAL Art. 51 - Casualties Medal is intended to reward military personnel of all ranks, in the Army and the Inland Security Forces, irrespective of service seniority, if they have suffered wounds in the course of war operations or in the maintenance of peace and order. On condition that sufficient proof thereof is provided.

V - THE AVIATION EAGLE MEDAL Art. 48 - The Aviation Eagle Medal shall be awarded to members of the Air force who should meet the following conditions: 1 - Following individual acts a) if they are holders of the War Medal. b) if they have performed outstanding deeds in time of peace or war such as: support of land forces, breaking a siege, destruction of enemy materiel, shooting down an enemy aircraft, regaining base to an aircraft damaged in action or in mechanical trouble, and other acts left to the appreciation of the Air Force Comanding Officer. 2 - In recognition of certain services rendered a) to the Air force Commanding Officer, provided that he should have actually led the Air Force for a period of at least six years. b) to the Commanding Officer of an Air Base, provided that he should have actually been in command of that base for at least six years. c) as a reward to members of the Air force, generally for good conduct, loyalty and zeal, on condition that one has been in the Services for at least 15 years, of which 10 in the Air Force. d) to technicians and advisers seconded to the Air Force and whose service contract has expired, on condition that the service period is not under two years. e) to teachers and medical officers of the Air Force School, on condition that their service period is not under 8 years.

VII - MEDAL OF PUBLIC EDUCATION A - GENERAL PROVISIONS Art. 52 - The Medal of Public Education is intended to reward outstanding services rendered in the field of education in Lebanon. It may be awarded to Lebanese nationals and foreigners alike of both sexes.. Art 53 - The Medal of Public Education falls into three classes: • Gold Medal • Silver Medal • Bronze Medal Β - CASES WHEN THE MEDAL OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IS AWARDED Art. 54 - The Medal of Public Education shall be awarded solely to persons belonging to the following categories: 1 - The teaching, administrative and inspection staff of the Ministry of National Education, and to members of the permanent Commissions of that Ministry. 2 - Persons who have rendered outstanding services in the field of education or have participated in the diffusion of the educational message entrusted to the Ministry of National Education, either by building schools, offering donations or providing scholarships to Lebanese students. 3 - Persons who through the production of works or through teaching have promoted the development of arts, letters and science, or physical education. 505

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 Art. 55 - The Medal of Public Education may be awarded to the persons designated in the preceding article solely if they can meet the following conditions: a) Be fully 35 years old b) For members of the teaching staff, they should have been engaged in teaching jobs in Lebanon for at least 10 years. c) Not to have been convicted of a crime or infamous offence. d) Be of good repute. Art. 56 - Class promotion, for this category of medal, shall be effected only in the following cases: 1 - For second class: the candidate for promotion shall have passed at least 8 years in 3rd class. 2 - For first class: shall have passed at least 8 years in second class.

posthumously or when its beneficiary happens to die before it has been remitted to him such decoration shall be delivered to the deceased's family upon his family's request, in conformity with the following conditions: 1 - To the deceased's eldest son if he should be fully 16 years of age. In his absence, the decoration shall be remitted in accordance with the following order: • wife • father • mother • eldest brother • eldest sister, provided she is not under 16 years of age. 2 - The decoration shall not be remitted to any of the persons designated in paragraph 1, if such a person has been convicted of crime or infamous offence or if he is not worthy of wearing the decoration. 3 - Remittance of the decoration shall not confer the right of wearing it. Art. 62 - The present legislative decree abrogates all previous texts relating to the national decorations listed in article 1. Art. 63 - The present legislative decree shall be published in the Official Gazette. Beirut, 12 June 1959.

VIII - MILITARY OPERATIONS MEMORIAL MEDALS A r t 57 - Military operations in remembrance of which the creation of memorial medals has been decided shall be defined, in due course, by decrees emanating from the Council of Ministers in comformity with the findings of the Decorations Councils and the proposal of the Minister of National Defence set out in accordance with an explanatory note from the C-in-C of the Armed Forces. Art. 58 - This Medal may be awarded to any personnel of the Army, the Inland Security Forces or General Security, irrespective of grade and service seniority, if such personnel has actually participated in operations referred to about within the set time limits. Art. 59 - Memorial medals of military operations may be awarded posthumously. Art. 60 - Decree No.2 - 13294 of 4 October 1948, concerning the institution of the Palestine Memorial Medal, shall remain in force. Decree No. 6929 of January, 1974, concerning the institution of the "Navy Medal". It falls into four classes: Outclassed (gold), First Class (silver). Second Class (bronze), Third Class (bronze). Decree No. 365 of August 18, 2001, concerning the institution of the "Prisoner Medal".

Decorations Council (Decree 1968 - 29.11.1992 and Decree 4701 - 28.1.1994) - Engineer Mahmoud Osman Chairman - Brig. General (retired) Moussa Kanaan Deputy Chairman - Former Ambassador Abbas HAMIYEH Member - Ambassador Maroun HAIMAR! Member - Two Members representing holders of the Lebanese Order of Merit Member - Dr. Joseph ZAAROUR Member - Major General (retired) Faisal FARHAT Member - Two Members representing holders of the National Order of Cedar Member - Me. Kassem MANSOUR Member - Me. Nicolas TRABOULSI Member - Two Members representing holders of the Order of Public Education Member

TITLE II VARIOUS PROVISIONS

(The terms of the Members of the Decorations Council were renewed as per Decree no.7881- 01.02.1996 and Decree no. 9951 -17.04.2003)

Art. 61 - When a decoration is being awarded

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Diplomatic and Consular Missions of Lebanon Abroad LEBANESE EMBASSIES ACCREDITED ABROAD Mission ALGIERS (Algeria) BUENOS AIRES (Argentina) YEREVAN (Armenia) CANBERRA (Australia) VIENNA (Austria) MANAMA (Bahrain) BRUSSELS (Belgium) BRAZILIA (Brazil) SOFIA (Bulgaria) OTTAWA (Canada) SANTIAGO (Chili) BEIJING (China) BOGOTA (Colombia) KINSHASA (Congo-Rep. Democratic) HAVANA (Cuba) NICOSIA (Cyprus) PRAGUE (Czech Rep.) CAIRO (Egypt) PARIS (France) LIBREVILLE (Gabon) BERLIN (Germany) ACCRA (Ghana) ATHENS (Greece) CONAKRY (Guinea) THE HAGUE (Netherlands) ROME (Holy See) BUDAPEST (Hungary) NEW-DELHI (India) JAKARTA (Indonesia) TEHRAN (Iran) BAGHDAD (Iraq) ROME (Italy) ABIDJAN (Ivory Coast) TOKYO (Japan) AMMAN (Jordan) SEOUL (korea South). KUWAIT (Kuwait) MONROVIA (Liberia) TRIPOLI (Libya) MEXICO (Mexico) RABAT (Morocco) ABUJA (Nigeria) MUSCAT (Oman) ISLAMABAD (Pakistan) ASUNCION (Paraguay)

Address 14, Rue de Hoggard, Hydra Avenida del Libertador 2354 Vardanants Str. 7, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 375010 27 Endeavour str. Red Hill A.C.T. 2603 Oppolzergasse 6/1/3 A-1010 Vienna Villa 1791, 7333 Str. Secteur 373 Toubli, P.O.Box 32474 2, Guillaume Stocq Street, B-1050 Brussels S.E.S. Avenida das Nacoes, Lote 17-Guadra 805 Joliot-Curie Str., Bloc 155 app.13, P.O.Box 131 640 Lyon Street, Ottawa, Ontario Alianza 1728, Vitacura, Casilla 19150-Correo San Li Tun, N° 10 Dong Liu jie Calle 74 No. 12/44, P.O.Box 51084 Avenue Joli-Parc-No 19-25 Quartier Ma-Campagne Ngaliema Calle 17-ANo 16403 between 164y 174, Siboney, Playa 1, Queen Olga Street, 1101, P.O.Box 1924-1515 Masarykovo Nabresi N° 14, 11000 Prague 1, 22, Rue Mansour Mohamed, Zamalek 3, Villa Copernic, 75116 Paris 105, Haut de Gue-Gue, P.O.Box 3341 Berliner strasse 127, 13187 Berlin House F864/1, Off Cantonments Road, P.O.Box 562 6,25th Martiou Str., Paleo Psychico 15452 Bd de Commerce. Imm P.Z., P.O.Box 5005 2, Frederik Straat, 2514 LK Via di Porta Angelica 15 Sasadi Ut N° 180, 1112 Budapest 10, Sardar Patel Road, Chanakyapuri 82, Jalan Y.B.R.V., Kuningan, Jakarta 12950 Gharani Ave.,No.31 Kalentari str., P.O.Box 11365-7751 Alliwadiat, Rue Askari No. 51, quartier 116 Via Giacomo Carissiani, 38 22, Avenue Nogues,Trade Center, 5th floor, P.O.Box 2227 Chiyoda House Bldg., 5th floor 2-17-8, Nagata-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku Abdoun, Rue Mohamed Ali Bdeir 310-49 Dongbinggo-Dong, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 140-230 Dahiyah, Diplomatic, P.O.Box 253, Safat 13003 Sinkor 12 Str. Corner Warner Avenue Ben Achour Area, Rue Zol, P.O.Box 927 Julio Verne 8, Mexico 11560, D.F. 19, Rue de Fez 18, Walter Carrington Crescent, Victoria Island, P.O.Box 651 Plage Al-Qurum, Str. Ν. 3019, Villa N° 1613, P.O.Box 67 House 17 School Road F6/1

507

Telephone (21321)693970 (5411)48020466 (374-1) 526540 (612) 62957378 (431)5338821 (973)786994 (322)6457760 (5561)4439837 (3592)9712723 (1613)2365825 (562)2182835 (8610)65321560 (571)2128360 (243)12-82469 (537)2086220 (3572)780866 (4202)24930495 (202)7382823 (331)40677575 (241)731477 (30)47487858 (233)21776727 (301)6755873 (224)451020 (3170)3658906 (396)6833512 (361)2490900 (9111)3013174 (6221)5253074 (9821)8908451 (9641)4167850 (3906)8537211 (225)20332824 (813)35801227 (9626)5929111 (822)7946482/4 (965)2571683 (231)226214 (21821)3615744 (525)2806794 (21237)761614 (2341)2610129 (968)695844 (92-51)2278338

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Mission WARSAW (Poland) DOHA (Qatar) BUCHAREST (Rumania) MOSCOW (Russia) RIYADH (Saudi Arabia) DAKAR (Senegal) FREETOWN (Sierra-Leone) PRETORIA (South Africa) MADRID (Spain) KHARTOUM (Sudan) STOCKHOLM (Sweden) BERN (Switzerland) TUNIS (Tunisia) ANKARA (Turkey) MOSCOW (Russia) DAMASCUS (Syria) ABU DHABI (U.A.E.) LONDON (U.K.) KIEV (Ukraine) WASHINGTON (U.S.A.) MONTEVIDEO (Uruguay) CARACAS (Venezuela) SANAA (Yemen) BELGRADE (Yugoslavia)

Address UL Staroscinka lb Apt. 10, 02-516 Warszawa Sheikh Souhaim Street, P.O.Box 2411 28 Atena street, Secteur 1, Bucarest 71271 14, Sadovo Str., Samotechnaya Alworud Quarter, P.O.Box 94350 56, Avenue Jean XXIII 22, A, Spur Road P.O.Box. 727 290, Lawley Str., Waterkloof 0181, P.O.Box 941 Paseo de la Castellana, 178, 3 Izquerda, 28046 Madrid Alimarat Rue 5 Kommendöragatan 35, 11458 Stockholm Thunstrasse 10, 3074 Muri bei bern, P.O.Box 463 Les Berges du Lac 2045 Kizkulesi Sok N° 44, Gaziosmanpaza Sadovo Samotetchnaya 14 73, Ata Alayoubi Str., Kilani Bldg. Diplomatie Quarter, Ancient Aéroport Str., P.O.Box 4023 21, Palace Gardens Mews

Telephone (4822)8445065 (974)4477773 (401)2309205 (7095)2000022 (9661)4804060 (221)8220920 (232-22)234677 (2712)3467020 (34)913451368 (29411)461295 (468)6651965 (4131)9506565 (216)71960540 (90312)4467487 (7095)2000022 (96311)3338606 (9712)4492100 (4420)77276696

2560 28th Street, Washington, D.C. 20008 Rivera 2278-11200 Ave. Parima, P.O.Box 1910 Street N° 3, P.O.Box 38 Vase Pelagica N° 38

(1202)9396300 (5982)4086640 (58212)7516165 (967-1)203959 (381-11)3693108

LEBANESE PERMANENT MISSIONS TO THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATIONS 866, United Nations Plaza, Room 531-533, New York, N.Y. 10017 U.S.A OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 28, Pare des Mayens, 1218 Grand Saconnex U.N.E.S.C.O. 1, Miollis Street, Paris XVe (France) LEBANESE CONSULATES GENERAL ACCREDITED ABROAD Mission SYDNEY (Australia) MELBOURNE (Australia) RIO DE JANEIRO (Brazil) SAO-PAULO (Brazil) MONTREAL (Canada) ALEXANDRIA (Egypt) DETROIT (U.S.A.) LOS ANGELES (U.S.A.) NEW YORK (U.S.A.) SAN DIEGO (U.S.A) MARSEILLES (France) MILANO (Italy) ISTANBUL (Turkey) JEDDAH (Saudi Arabia) DUBAI (U.A.E.) LAGOS (Nigeria) ESSEN (Germany) STEVALEN (Germany) TOURDARINE (Germany)

Address Level 5,70 William St., Sydney, N.S.W 2000 117 Wellington St., Windsor, 3181, Victoria Rua Dona Mariana-39 Botafogo, CEP 22280-020 Avenida paulista, 688, 16 Andar 40, Chemin Cote Ste Catherine, outremont, Quebec H2V-2A264 rue de la Liberté 1959, East Jefferson, Michigan 48207 7060 Hollywood Blvd., Suite 510 California 90028 9, East, 76th Street, N.Y. 10021

Telephone (612)93610843 (613)95294588 (5521)25392125 (5511)32620604 (1514)2762638 (203)4846589 (1313)5670233 (1323)4671253 (1212)7447905

2, Avenue du Pare Borely, Marseilles 13008 26, Via Larga Tesvikiye Cad. Saray, Apt. No. 134/1 - 80200 Tesvikiye Alhamra, Alandalos, P.O.Box 14636 Jeddah 21434 Bur Dubai Consulate Area, Str., N° 3 18, Walter Carrington Crescent, Victoria Island, P.O.Box 651

(334)91715060 (3902)8061341 (90212)2361365 (9662)6610000 (9714)3977898 (2341)2610129

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LEBANESE HONORARY CONSULATES ACCREDITED ABROAD Mission ANGOLA Luanda ARGENTINA Cordoba AUSTRALIA Adelaide Brisbane BANGLADESH Dacca BELGIUM Antwerp BELIZE Belize BENIN Cotonou BOLIVIA La Paz BRAZIL Curitiba (Parana) Fortaleza Porto Alegre Vitoria (Esperito Santo) Bello Horizonti Cambo-Grandi-Matogrosso BRITISH HONDURAS BURKINA-FASSO Waghadougho CAMEROON Duala CANADA Edmonton (Alberta) Halifax Toronto Windsor (Assaxe) CENTRAL AFRICA Bangui COLOMBIA Baranquilla Cali Maicao CONGO Brazzaville COSTA-RICA San Jose DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo DUTCH INDIES Curaçao ECUADOR Quito-Ecuador Guayaquil FINLAND Helsinki GAMBIA-MALI

Address

Telephone

59-63 Stephens Avenue Torrensville 5A 5031

(08)83523696

35 Topkana Road, Dhaka-1000

880.2.232498

Van Pultei 11, 2018 Antwerp

(323)257.27.50

1010 Queen Str., P.O.Box 297

(501)2282052

Lot 58 Akpakpa

(229)334338

P.O.BOX 1371

(591-2)329845

Rua Maréchal Deodoro 630, Conjunto 2008-2 Andar Rua Baras de Aracati, 1275 aldeota, 60115-081 - Fortaleza-CE Rua Dr. Flores, 263 Conjunto 1004, Rio Grande do sul

(5541)2239990 (5585)2523766 (5551)3211-2214

P.O.Box 5908

(237) 426668

117, Kearny Lake-Suite 201, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3M 4N9 2224 Dundas St. West Toronto, Ontario M6R 1X3

(902)4576676 (416)5302121

P.O.Box 391

(236)614661

Carrera 50 No. 80-81 of 115 Calle 39-3-37, P.O.Box 9539 Calle 13 No. 13-47, Pequin No.2

(575)3567587 (572)4457892 (575)7260103

Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 2082

(242)811364

Apt. Post. 6637, 1000 san José - C.A.

(506)2226175

Avenida Duarte No. 239 Y 241 Esquina Mascimo Grullon

(809)5377544

159 Winston Churchil St., Willemstad Curacao A.N.

(599)98684779

El Comercio No. 758 Entre Ultimas Noticias Y El Tiempo V.M. Rendom 1006 Y.L. Sta Elena P. 12

(5932)2922626 (593)563715

509

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Banjul GERMANY Frankfurt GREECE Patras (ACHAIE) GUATEMALA Guatemala GUINEA-BISSAU Bissau NETHERLANDS Amsterdam HONDURAS San Pedro ICELANDE Reykjavik ITALY Trieste KENYA Nairobi Librarussia MALAYSIA Kuala-Lumpur MALI Bamako MALTA La Valette MEXICO Guadalajara Mirida MOLDOVIA Chisinau NIGERIA Kano PANAMA Panama PAKISTAN Karachi PERU Lima PHILIPPINES Manila

26 Buckle Str., P.O.Box 134

(220)28419

Mainzer Landstrasse, D-60326 Frankfurt/Main

(4969)7392244

Kapsali N. 11, 1 st Floor

(061 )620311

15 Avenida 11-11 Zona 13

(502)2-3319669

P.O.Box 78, Road Wilberforce

(245)201206

Zakeringg straat 36, 1014 BS

(3120)6247604

Centro Commercial, Mega Plaza, 8e Piso Torre, P.O.Box 948

(504)5533707

Islands Banki HF, Kirkjusandor, 155 Reykajavik

(354)5608135

Via Valdirivo 34., 34122 Trieste

(040)638441

Monrovia st., Maendeleo House, 9th floor, P.O.Box 55303

(2542)223708

Commandant Ruault Street, P.O.Box 425

(223)225627

198, Old Bakery Str., Valetta VLT 09-P 2511

(356)241232

Av. El Campanario 2612, Col. El Campanario, Guadalajara, Jalisco (013)6844400

Moldova 1, Tiga Road Bompai, P.O.Box 45

(23464)635050 (507)4414555

480 FCO Grana-Lima 17, Magdalena P.O.Box 5710

(51-1)4522707

Unit 905, Park Trade Center, 1716 Investment Drive Madrigal Business Park, Alabang, Muntinlupa City

(632)8073012

PRINCIPAUTE DE MONACO Monaco Gildo Pastor Center, 7, Rue du gabian RUMANIA Constanta 130, Boul Marnai Constanta 8700 SINGAPORE Singapore 3 Temasek Avenue, 31-02 Centennial Tower SLOVAKIA Bratislava SLOVANIA Ljubjlana SOUTH AFRICA Capetown The Willons Braeside Road, P.O.Box 53288 SPAIN Barcelona Via Auguste, 125-5a Planta, 08006 Barcelona SURINAM Paramaribo P.O.Box 1805, Zwarten Hoven Brog, Str. 24 510

(377)92053605 (40)41618709 65-3331614

(21)7970116 (34)932022121 (597)476910

BROAD SURVEY CHAD Forlamy TOGO Lomé TRINIDAD/TOBAGO Port of Spain UKRAINE Kiev U.S.A. Boston (Massachussets) Goldsporo(North Carolina) Houston Miami (Florida) VENEZUELA Valencia

32 Charlotte Str., Big Deal Ltd., Trinidad W.I

(868)6276566

Texas 6600SW, 57th Avenue

(1713)5262404 (305)665-3004

Avenida Boliver Notre Torre Principal Piso 8, P.O.Box 1604

(041)214043

511

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Diplomatic and Consular Missions Accredited to Lebanon FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS ACCREDITED TO LEBANON Mission ALGERIA ARGENTINA ARMENIA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BAHRAIN BELGIUM BOLIVIA BRAZIL BULGARIA CANADA CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK

EGYPT ERITREA FRANCE GABON GERMANY GREECE HOLY SEE HUNGARY INDIA INDONESIA IRAN IRAQ ITALY JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KOREA (South)

Address Jnah Street, Facing Hotel Summerland, P.O.Box 4794, Achrafieh, 161 Sursock Str., Res.des Jardins, Moutran Bldg 25 Rue des Jasmins, Mtayleb, P.O.Box 70607 (Antelias) Beirut, Central District, Embassy Complex,Serail Hill, Beirut Imm, Tabaris 812, Avenue Charles Maiek, Tabaris, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-3924 Raouche,Manara, Sheikh Ahmad El-Thani Bldg Bachoura, Beirut City Center, Emir Bechir Str., Azarieh Bldg., 10th Floor, P.O.Box 11-1600 Jounieh, Kaslik Tower, Descente ATCL,P.O.Box 11-3310 Baabda, Antonine Str. (Rue 70) Dr. Amine Helou Bldg., N°261, Sector 1, P.O.Box 40242 (Baabda) Hazmieh, Mar Takla Street, Sector 6, Road 44, P.O.Box 11-6544 434 Jal el Dib Highway, Coolrite Bldg., 1st floor, P.O.Box 60163 New Naccache, Antoine Boukhater Bldg. P.O.Box 11-7029 Beirut &70740 Antelias 72, Nicolas Ibrahim Sursock Str., Ramlet al-Bayda, P.O.Box 11-8227, Beirut 1107-2260. Jal el Dib, Mazda Bldg., 5th Floor Sakiet al-Janzir Str., Ghazzal Bldg., P.O.Box 11-6874 Achrafieh/Rmeil, Debbas Str., MNC Bldg Baabda, P.O.Box 40195 Patriarcat Grec-Catholique Bldg., Chekib Arslan Str., P.O.Box 2244, Damascus, Syria Office: Achrafieh, Tabaris Bldg.218, Charles Malek Avenue 4653 Dr. Mohamed el Bizri Str., Bir Hassan, P.O.Box 690 Hamra, Bliss Str., Zeeni Bldg., near AUB Rue de Damas

Telephone (01)826711/712 (01)210800/802 (04)418860 (01)974029/30 (01)217412 (01)805495 (01)976001/2/3

(09)930100/101 (05)921255/7 (05)923001 (05)452883/892 (04)713900/902 (04)418670/672 (04)404745 (01)850314 (01)856133 (04)712646/7/8 (01)805025 (01)329500/326461 (05)929010/920501 3331008/ 3337853/ (01)335828 (01)825566 (01)363319/267 (01)420000 (01)420200 Baabda Highway, Fouad Haddad Bldg., 4th Floor, P.O.B. 11-1252 (05)924875 (04)914444 Rabye-Mtaileb, P.O.B. 11-2820, Riad El Solh 1102 2110 (04)418772 Naccache, Boukhater Bldg., 2nd Floor (09)263102 Harissa, P.O.Box 1061 Jounieh (01)898857 Jdeidet el Metn, Fanar, Massoud center, 2nd Floor, (01)898840 P.O.Box 90618 Jdeideh (01)372619/ Kantari Str., Sahmarani Bldg.,2nd Floor, P.O.Box 113-5240 (01)373539 (05)924678 Baabda, Presidential Palace Avenue,P.O.B. 40007 Baabda (01)821224/ Bir Hassan,Embassies Street, P.O.Box 5030 821230 (05)459940 Hazmieh-Rihanieh, Pierre Helou Str. (05)452823 (05)954955 Baabda, Presidential Palace Road 959601/2 (01)989751/2/3 Zokal el-Blat, Army street., Serail hill,P.O.Box 11-3360 989754 (05)922500 Elias Helou Str., Baabda, P.O.Box 109 Baabda 922501 (01)786587 Verdun 732 Rue Said Frayha-Hazmieh, Camelia Bldg. P.O.Box 40-290 Baabda (05)953167/8/9

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BROAD SURVEY

KUWAIT LIBERIA LIBYA MALTA (Ordre Souverain) MEXICO MOROCCO NETHERLANDS NIGERIA NORWAY OMAN (Sultanate o f ) PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES POLAND QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIA SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SPAIN SRI LANKA SUDAN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TUNISIA

Bir-Hassan, P.O.Box 11-4380 Ain Mreyse, Machkhas Bldg., 4th floor, P.O.Box 14-5817 Rachid Karameh Quarter, Abdallah El Machnouk Str., Building N°149, P.O.Box 3153 Ashrafieh, Gergi Zaidan Str., Jamil Acra Bldg., P.O.BOX 11-2844 New Naccache, Mansour Bldg., 321 Main Road P.O.Box 70-1150 Bir Hassan, United Nations Str., Str.71 ABN Amro Tower Charles Malek Ave. Achrafieh,P.O.B.167 190 Bir Hassan, Adnan El Hakim Str., Al Mayssaa Bldg. Bliss Str., Dimachkie Bldg., P.O.Box 113-7001, Fax 372979 Ramlet el Baida, Venezuela Str., P.O.Box 135900 Raoucheh, Kuwait-Shell Bldg., 11th floor, Ras-Beirut P.O.B.135 506 Rawcheh, Abdallah Machnouk Str., Design Bldg., 1st and 2nd floor,P.O.Box 136631 Baabda, Avenue Suleiman Frangieh, P.O.Box 40-215 Shuran, Debs Bldg., 1st Floor, Fax 01-810460 Baabda, route du Palais Présidentiel, P.O.Box 40227 Mar Elias Btina Str., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-5220 Kraitem, Madame Curie Street, Villa Izzedine Kuwait, Rawdah, 35 Villa No. 9, P.O.Box 23892 Safat, and Rawcheh, Behind Hallab, Challah Bldg., Bloc C, 8th floor Hadath, Antonine Str., P.O.Box 11-3039 Beirut 1107-2120 Louaizeh/Baabda, No. 549, Mohamed Awad Bldg., P.O.Box 175 (Hazmieh) Mme Curie, Minkara Center, 7th floor, P.O.Box 11-2504 Damascus/Syria, Chakib Arslane Str., Abou Roumaneh & Beirut, Sin el Fil, Jisr el Wati, Fattal Bldg. Achrafieh, Avenue Fouad Chehab, Bourj el Ghazal Bldg., P.O.Box 172 Beirut 1107-2020 Hazmieh, Mar Takla,P.O.Box 7379

TURKEY UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM U.S.A.

Rabiya, Tobi Bldg., Zone 2 Road 3, P.O.Box 70-666 (Antelias) Jisr el Bacha, Sin el-Fil, Al Basha Gardens Bldg., 3rd Floor Jnah, Dr. Wafik Tabbara Bldg., Zokak el Blatt, Army Street, P.O.Box 11-471 Aucar, opposite Municipality, P.O.Box 301 Beirut and P.O.Box 70-840 Antelias

URUGUAY

Jounieh, Banque du Liban Street, Stella Maris Center, 7th floor P.O.Box 2051 (Jounieh) Zalka Market, Brezevale House, 5th floor, P.O.Box 11-603

VENEZUELA YEMEN (REP.) YUGOSLAVIA

(01)822515/517 (01)367319 (01)806314/805349 804571 (01)201973 337798 (04)418870/71/72 (01)859851/829 (01)204663/4 (01)857610/614 (01)372977/8 (01)856555 (01)806638/ (01)863041 (01)791092 (01)791093 (05)924881 (01)865271 (05)924848/9 (01)300041/042 (01)860351/248 2542044 (01)865067 (05)464120 (05)954765 (05)954763 (01)353270 (963-11)44681100 (01)485489 (01)324192/324129 (05)457431 (05)457430 (04)520929 (01)510527 (01)857000/001 (01)990400/418 (04)542600/ (04)544130/ (04)543600 (09)636529/530

(01)888701 888716 (01)852682/688 Bir Hassan, Facing Golf Club, P.O.Box 114-5097, Khalil Pasha Str., Art & Métiers, Daouk Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 742 Beirut (01)739633 HONORARY CONSULATES IN BEIRUT

Country

Address

Telephone

ALBANIA ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

Ras-Beirut, Justinien Str., Justinien Center, Bloc B, 9th Floor Kfar Habab, Zone Verte v.8, Bloc 28

AZERBAÏDJAN BANGLADESH

Sin el Fil, Ghossoub Bldg., 1st Floor, P.O.Box 90671 (Jdeideh) Ain el Mreisseh, John Kennedy Str., Tina Center, Bloc B, 1st floor, P.O.Box 239

(03)393913 (03)277414 (09)920093 (01)482000

513

(01)375357

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 BELIZE BENIN

Place de l'Etoile/Maarad, Riad el Solh, Bldg. 1170 Furn el Chebbak, Damas Str., Badaro Bldg.,

BURKINA FASO BURUNDI REP.

Avenue des Français,Beirut, P.O.Box 1084 Kaslik, Kaslik Business Center, 5th Floor, P.O.Box 784 (Jounieh)

CAMBODIA CAMEROON

Sodeco, Imm. N° 7, 3rd Floor Centre GEMA, 9th Floor, Dbayeh, Beirut

CAPE VERDE

Adonis, Tayeh Bldg., P.O.Box 1855 Jounieh

CENTRAL AFRICAN REP. COMOROS

Sarba, Jounieh, Villa Fenianos and office, Kaslik Centre Fenianos, P.O.Box 244 Jounieh Gefinor Center, Bloc A, Pan Asiatic Travel,P.O.Box 113-5486

CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE REP CONGO-DEMOCRATIC COSTARICA COTE D'IVOIRE

St. Joseph University Str., Saadeh Bldg., P.O.Box 175263

GUATEMALA

Achrafieh, Charles Malek Ave., 812 Tabaris Str., Naameh, Chouf, Industrial area Beirut Ghazal Center, Ave. Fouad Chehab and office Saida, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 30 Saida Ghazir, Hobeiche Bldg., and Beirut, Achrafieh, Charles Malek Avenue Sofil Centre, 4th Floor Achrafieh, Rmeil, Debbas Str., MNC Bldg. Hamra, Cairo Str., Marignan Center, 11th Floor Jnah, Adnan el Hakim Str., Hjeij Bldg., 1st Floor New Starco, 2nd Floor, P.O.Box 11-0266 Bechara el Khoury Str., Downtown of Beirut Badaro, Sami Solh Str., Ghorayeb bldg., 1st floor, P.O.B. 116-2216, Palace of Justice Ras Beirut, Justinien Street, Justinien Center, P.O.Box 4532

GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA CONAKRY

Hamra, Plaza Center, 7th floor Jounieh, Maameltein, Perla Nera Center

GUINEA EQUATORIAL

Rachid Karameh Str., Abdo Center, Bloc A, 3rd Floor

GUYANA

Ashrafieh, Salim Bustros Str., Khoury Bldg. P.O.Box 166744 Beirut Rabieh/Mtaileb, rue 28, rue des Jasmins, Nassar & Choueiri Bldg., Achrafieh, Sursock Str., Sayegh Bldg., 7th floor, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-1404 Beirut Brasserie Almaza, Dora Bldg., P.O.Box 90240 Mata Rachid Karameh Sector, Chili Str., Koleilat Bldg. Mme Curie Str., Minkara Center, 3rd floor P.O.Box 5584, Beirut Dekwaneh, Assaouad Bldg., (Near Rahmeh Center) Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 55546 Dora, St. Joseph Str., (facing Volvo), Gebara Bldg.

CROATIA CYPRUS ECUADOR GABON GAMBIA GEORGIA GHANA

HAITI HONDURAS ICELAND IRELAND JAMAICA KENYA KYRGHYZISTAN LETTONIA (LATVIA) LUXEMBOURG MADAGASCAR

Dbaye Highway, Dbaye, Pharmacy ABC Bdlg., 1st Floor, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 70078 (Antelias) Ashrafieh, Selim Bustros Str., Gebayli Bldg., 3rd floor, P.O.Box 175419 Baouchrieh, St. Joseph Hospital Str.,

514

(01)201967 (01)293294 292292 427428/293294 (01)373375/6 (09)646888 646999 (01)217578 (04)540200/ 540300 (09)219900 219910 (09)916535 09)930195/934644 (01)342708 343440/602600 (01)331364/ (01)326643 (01)204898/89 (05)600772/796 (03)325230 (07)734287 (09)920960/70 (03)885050 (01)329500 (01)344234 (01)826749 (01)369888 (01)666887 (01)393946/47 (01)340615 (01)345457 (01)348685 (09)635904 (09)936107 (01)865027 867735 (01)202220 (01)200689 (04)524485/ (03)720644 (01)202070/71 (01)883300 (01)863239/40 (01)863040 (01)747244/ 747245 (01)485696/ 485697/98 (01)269245/ 253781 (04)416410 (03)224000 (01)335333 (01)200893 (01)248513

BROAD SURVEY MALAYSIA MALDIVES REP. MALI MALTA MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MEXICO MOLDAVIA MONACO

MONGOLIA MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NIGER OUGANDA PERU PORTUGAL SALVADOR SENEGAL SEYCHELLES SERBIE & MONTENEGRO SIERRA LEONE SINGAPOUR SLOVAKIA SLOVANIA SOMALIA SURINAM SWEDEN TCHAD THAILAND TOGO TRINIDAD & TOBAGO TURKMENISTAN UGANDA UKRAINE UNION OF MYANMAR

Andre Gemayel Bldg., P.O.Box 90-1839 Jdeidet el Metn Hamra Str. Sabbagh Center, 6th Floor, Suite 606 Mamra Str., Saroulla Bldg., 8th Floor Hazmieh, Baroudi Bldg., 1st Floor, Henri Saab Str.

(01)248515 (01)342620 (01)746212/3 (05)457200 458601 Independence Avenue, Sassine, Ashrafieh, Sarraf Bldg., 9th Floor (01)328999/ 322999 Mme Curie Str., Hamra, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Lubnani (01)735731 P.O.Box 11-8330 (01)735732 P.O.Box 275, Verdun Str., el-Salam Bldg., (01)741700 and centre Gefinor, Bloc D, Appt. 407, 4th Floor (01)740700 Fleuve Str., Beirut, Joseph Tyan Bldg., P.O.Box 175010 (01)580061 Ballouneh/Kesrouan, Main Road, Nassar Bldg., (09)235200 257, Selim Bustros Str., Sourati Bldg., P.O.Box 11-246 and (01)323028/ Jisr el-Basha, John Kennedy Str., Gedeon Bldg., (01)495401 P.O.Box 166142 Beirut (01)492001 Jal El Dib, Midaoui Center, near Lebanese University, (04)711445 P.O.Box 60466 (Jal el Dib) 711088 (01)257701/2/3 Dora, C.I.T. Bldg., 3rd Floor Rabieh, Rue No. 30 Badaro Str., Komeir Bldg., 8th floor, (01)386690 (01)396002 P.O.Box 2178 Beirut ABN Dora, P.O.Box 11-35162 (01)217774/5 Ashrafieh, Sioufi Str., Cobti Bldg., P.O.Box 7291 Beirut (01)328501/2 and Elissar (Metn) Centre Galleria (04)922985 (01)835582 Bir Hassan, Tasmim, Matar bldg., Embassies Str., P.O.B. 11-2780 (01)834098 Achrafieh, Tabaris, Boutros Salameh Str., Absy Bldg., (01)203271/ 1st Floor (01)204374 (01)200451 Achrafieh Sassine Str., Sassine bldg., P.O.B. 16-7086 Trabaud Str., Issai Khoury Bdlg. Salhab Bldg., Bloc C, 8th floor, Chourane Str., (01)865067 Mar Roukoz, Dekwaneh, P.O.Box 55-363 (01)680674 (01)623220 Kaslik, Akil Bldg., 6th floor (09)639575 (03)262660 Spears Str., Mansour Bldg., P.O.Box 11-2016 (01)332092/ Ashrafieh, Independence Avenue, Habis Bldg., 215998 P.O.Box 166730 (01)217217 Achrafleh/Tabaris, Bouij el Ghazal Center, 6th Floor 200669 (09)900002 Versailles Centre, Sarba, P.O.Box 818 Jounieh (01)644700 Bourj Abi Haidar, Blvd. Selim Salam, Grand Beirut Bldg., 1st Floor 631502 (09)930533/ Jounieh-Haret Sakhr, Mina Jadida, Moubarak 913903/912506 Bldg., P.O.Box 17 Jounieh (01)485489 Sin el fil, Jisr el Wati, Fattal Bldg. (01)240763 Bourj Hammoud, P.O.Box 70751 Antelias (01)615870 Damascus - Badaro Str., P.O.Box 4200 (09)234807 Ain el Rihani, Jeita, P.O.Box 32 (06)444111 Rue des Banques, Tripoli, City Center Bldg., 3rd Floor (01)480380 and Sin el Fil, Kahraba Str., Cheibane Bldg. (01)705977/8 Tallet el Khayat, Youssef Moutran Str., Nazha Bldg. (01)785035 (01)835582 Bir Hasan Str., Tasmin, Matar Bldg., P.O.Box 11-2780 (01)834084 (01)422433 Achrafieh/Sioufi, Amin Gemayel Str., Hajjar Bldg., (01)422344 P.O.Box 16-6325 (01)485375 Sin el Fil, Ave. Charles de Gaule, Centre Dbahy (01)485379

515

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 HONORARY CONSULATES IN BAABDA Country MEXICO SPAIN UNITED KINGDOM VENEZUELA

Country BELIZE BRAZIL CHILI COLOMBIA COSTA-RICA DOMINICAN REP. GERMANY INDONESIA ITALY JORDAN PORTUGAL RUMANIA RUSSIA SENEGAL SPAIN TURKEY TUNISIA UNITED KINGDOM URUGUAY

Address Adonis, Abed Bldg., P.O.Box 1931 Jounieh Zouk Highway, Miziara Centre Jal el Dib, Coolrite Bldg., 3rd Floor Hazmieh, Damascus Str., P.O.Box 5116/4 Hazmieh HONORARY CONSULATES IN TRIPOLI Address Fouad Chehab Ave., Zok Bldg., Fouad Chehab Str., Tripoli, Bakri bldg., and Beit Meri Maalouli Blvd., Riad Saadé Bldg. Tripoli, Maarad Str., Tripoli Center Bldg., and Beirut, Sami Solh Ave. Makarem Bldg., El-Mina, Kabbarah Bldg. Daher el Ain, P.O.Box 38 Tripoli Tell Str. Boulevard Str., Khlat Bldg., 1st Floor Tripoli Hajj Radouan Ghandour Str., Falcon Bldg., Bohsas Tripoli Tripoli, Boulevard Str., Tall Str., P.O.Box 42 Tripoli and Beirut, P.O.Box 165192

Telephone (06)440055 (06)611597 (04)972286 (06)380845 (03)237800 (01)382283 (06)600284 (06)415804 (06)432112 (06)433913 (06)411411 (06)611448 (06)431713/ (01)200451 P.O.Box 36 Tripoli (06)600662 Tripoli Blvd., Ghalayini Bldg., (06)430883 & Nahr el Mott, Sarraf Bldg., P.O.Box 90201 (Jdeidet el Metn) (01)899886 Tall Str., Wakf Islamique Bldg., and Zouk, (09)211666/ Ρ.Ο.ΒΟΧ 675 Jounieh (09)710610 Azmi Str., Maha Center, P.O.Box 256, Tripoli (06)440065 Blvd., Fouad Chehab, Makateb Bldg., P.O.Box 137 Tripoli (06)435646 Maarad Str., Bitar Bldg., P.O.Box 946 Tripoli (06)425475 Dahr el Ain (06)415804 Road to Zghorta, Jawad Antar Bldg., Tripoli (06)661000 P.O.Box 774 Jounieh

HUNGARY ITALY SPAIN

HONORARY CONSULATES AT SIDON Address Nazih Bizri Blvd., Daudashi Plaza Bldg., P.O.Box 114 Sidon, P.O.Box 11-0773 Beirut Beit Mery Bramieh, Villa Omar Joumblatt, and Beirut, Verdun Str., Hashim Bldg., P.O.Box 11-4895 Beirut Fransabank Bldg., Haret Saida Str., Debbaneh Bldg., P.O.Box 52 Maarouf Saad Str., Zantout Bldg.

Country FINLAND

HONORARY CONSULATES AT ZAHLE Address Ksara Caves, Ksara and Beirut

Country AUSTRIA COSTA RICA CYPRUS

FRANCE HONDURAS SWEDEN

Telephone (09)211928/540213 (09)912626 (04)723502/1 (05)457801/3 453100

Telephone (07)753210 (01)512002 (04)972282 (01)813371 (01)860376 (07)722180 (07)724197 (07)725411

Telephone (08)541625/801662 (01)387307/395659 Cultural Center, Facing Kadri Hotel (08)821293 (01)202070/1/2 Zahlé, Haret Al-Rasieh and Beirut, Achrafieh, Abdel Wahab el Inglizi Str., Haddad Bldg., P.O.B0X 11-1404 Beirut (08)823045 Mar Elias Quarter, Elie Khoury Bldg., Zahleh and Beirut (04)401259 Mansourieh, Fattal Bldg

516

BROAD SURVEY

International Organizations in Lebanon Lebanon was among the founding nations which attended to the birth of the United Nations Charter and the San Francisco Conference. Coming as it did soon after the end of a world war which brought havoc to hundreds of towns and cities, this Lebanese contribution marks a historic turning - point. It also constitutes a positive attempt to strengthen world peace by submitting international relations to the rule of law, thereby speeding up the adoption of the legal framework of the world organization. Lebanon did not limit its action to assistance in drafting the UN Charter, since its delegate also participated to the setting up of the Commission of Human Rights as member of the social and economic council to which he was elected. In this capacity he played a significant role in the activities of the Commission, a role which other delegates and UNO officers have duly recognized. Lebanon, furthermore, took the chair at UNO General Assembly, the Commission of Human Rights and the Economic and Social Council, where major issues of international concern were discussed. In this respect, the Havana Conference on Trade and Labour probably takes pride of place among the world problems that claimed the attention of UNO since its inception in view of the influence it exercised over the organization of trade exchanges. It may be recalled here that the Havana Conference lasted for a little over four months, viz from November 1947 to the end of March 1948. Lebanon presided over the fourth commission stemming from the Conference and which was charged to look into the problems of raw materials and agricultural produce. Another major world gathering to which Lebanon participated as rapporteur general was the conference on trade and development held in Geneva in 1964. In view of the grave issues on the agenda, some 120 countries had sent representatives. The conference ended its debate with a resolution calling for the setting up of a permanent council for trade and development formed by 55 countries, including 31 developing nations, representing Africa, Asia and Latin America. The other 24 countries represented the industrialized nations of the world. Apart from Lebanon, three other Arab countries were elected from among the 31 selected: Egypt, Iraq and Morocco. As soon as the permanent council for trade and development was set up all the countries of the Third World applied for membership, and here too Lebanon was called upon to preside over this assembly. In this connection, it is well to remember Lebanon's fruitful activity within the Commission of Human Rights, thereby contributing, in a decisive manner, to the drafting of the universal declaration, over which discussions lasted for about two years before UNO General Assembly adopted it unanimously on 10 December 1948. Equally active was the role played by Lebanon in the proceedings of UNO's international agencies, such as

UNESCO, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In all these agencies Lebanon's activity was always deployed first in conjunction with the community of Arab nations and, then, in cooperation with developing nations. From its endeavours in this field, Lebanon derived a number of direct advantages in international politics and indirect advantages of an economic nature. The setting up in Beirut of UNO Office for economic and social affairs carries with it a testimony in favour of Lebanon's collaboration with the Arab countries. The Office has been assigned the task of examining requests for technical assistance from Arab and Asiatic nations that have not adhered to UNO's regional economic commissions such as the Addis Ababa Commission on which African and Arab countries in Africa are represented. It thus takes the place of the Middle East regional commission which was to be set up in that part of the world but which has not come into being. Of the issues that came up for debate on these occasions were Oman, Aden and South Yemen, and previously to these the issues of the independence of the North African countries: Libya, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria. Often of greater significance than the role played by the countries concerned, Lebanon's intervention has had a telling influence in securing the peoples rights to self determination. In the field of economic and technical assistance, Lebanon has obtained Special Fund credits for the implementation of a number of projects, including afforestation, the protection of underground water resources, vocational training, the technical equipment of training centres. In all these instances assistance has been provided through UNESCO, FAO and UNO. Because of its international prestige, Lebanon has been invited to participate in the discussion of numerous problems of international import, such as disarmament, the banning of nuclear testing or the limitation or banning of atomic weapons. In 1961, Lebanon was elected as member of the Outer Space Commission which deals with two basic aspects: legal, which is concerned with the laying down of general principles govering the peaceful use of outer space, and, technical. In this scientific field, Lebanon's contribution could be but limited for obvious reasons. This brief survey of Lebanon's activity within international agencies underscores the efforts which this country deploys to promote world peace and progress. It also confirms the positive role it plays on behalf of freedom and material rehabilitation. As an independent nation of the XXth century, Lebanon can rightly claim to be alive now to its international responsibilities. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA - ESCWA Riad Solh Square, United Nations bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 118575, Beirut, Tel.: 01-981301, 981311, 981401 517

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINE REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST UNRWA Bir Hassan, United Nations House, P.O.Box 947, Tel.: 01-840490/95 Founded in 1950 in the wake of the Palestine War (1948) by virtue of a resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization was originally intended to provide relief services for the Palestine refugees in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Gaza and to assist them to become selfsupporting. Registered refugees are entitled to receive food rations, medical care and education-all free of charge.

LABOUR ORGANIZATION - ILO JustinienStr., Aresco Center, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-4088, Riad el Solh 1107-2150, Tel.: 01-752400 Covering the territories of Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen), the ILO Beirut Regional Office maintains close relations with the governments of those countries, so that they may be kept informed and assisted whenever required. It is also intended to promote research and technical cooperation. UNITED NATIONS TRUCE SUPERVISION ORGANIZATION - UNTSO Bir Hassan, United Nations House, Tel.: (01)821450/51 Set up to maintain the 1949 Armistice Agreements between Israel and the Arab countries, the Truce Commission in Beirut is intended to keep the peace on the Israeli-Lebanese border.

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME - BEIRUT OFFICE - UNDP Riad Solh Square, United Nations House, P.O.Box 113216, Tel.: 01-981301 UNDP Beirut Office since 1960 is concerned with the establishment of technical assistance programmes for the economic development of Lebanon. It supervises the implementation of projects, and coordinates the Lebanese Government's relations with UNO agencies. It also provides such financial resources as may be necessary for the practical execution of technical programmes.

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC & CULTURAL ORGANISATION - UNESCO Blvd. Cite Sportive, P.O.Box 5244, Tel.: 824854, 850013 Office in Beirut since 1961. F.A.O. FOOD & AGRICULTURAL ORGANISATION Baabda, Antoine Rayess Street, Rayess Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 40010 Baabda, Tel.: 05-468173, 924005/6/7

UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN FUND - UNICEF Riad Solh Square, United Nations House, P.O.Box 118575, Tel.: 981301, 981311, Fax: 01-983053 UNICEF Beirut Office covers Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon. It supervises children's programmes and services in the educational, social and medical fields. It also maintains relations with the government of the four countries mentioned above.

INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS Hamra, Sadat Str., Itani Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-7188, Tel.: 01739297/98 ICARDA- INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN DRY AREAS Bechir el Kassar Str., Dalia Bldg., P.O.Box 114/5055, Tel.: 01-813303 WORLD BANK Riad Solh Square, United Nations House, P.O.Box 118577, Tel.: 01-987800/805 WHO - WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION National museum str., Vitrae bldg. Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-5391, Tel.: (01)612970

UNITED NATIONS HIGHER COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE FOR REFUGEES - UNHCR Adlieh, Karam Rahal Str., Hilmi Kobeissy Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 7332, Tel.: (1) 612759, 612798 The Beirut Office of UNHCR since 1964, covers the territories of Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Kuwait and Iran. It is concerned with the protection of refugees and seeks to provide permanent solutions to their problems outside UNO through emigration, integration or voluntary repatriation. It also ensures the provision of medical services, lays down housing projects, contributes to the setting up of social and cultural centres, and helps refugees to find sanctuary abroad.

UNIFIL - UNITED NATIONS INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON Nakoura, South Lebanon, Beirut, Tel.: 01-821451/2/3 Operating in Lebanon since 1978

UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION CENTRE UNIC Ardati Street, Fakhoury Bldg., P.O.Box 11-4656, Tel.: 802996/997, 867216 The Beirut Centre since 1962 which covers Jordan, Kuwait, Syria and Lebanon provides information and references concerning the field of action UNO. The Library of the Centre is open to the public.

REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS UNION EUROPEENE (Delegation) Charles Malek Ave., Achrafieh, Matta & Jaroudi Bldg; P.O.Box 11-4008, Beirut, Lebanon, Tel.: 01339050, (01)339060. ARAB LEAGUE Arab Center for Juridical and Judiciary Research, Sami Solh str., Jaroudi & Tabbarah bldg. Tel.: (01)611162/3, Fax:(01)611159

REGIONAL OFFICE OF THE INTERNATIONAL 518

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The Economy THE STATE BUDGET ESTIMATED BUDGET REVENUE IN THE 2004 BUDGET (in thousands) Headings

Total

Ordinary and Exceptional Receipts Directorate of Telegraph and Telephones Directorate of National Lottery Cereals and Sugar Beet Office

9,400,000,000 1,402,704,157 82,000,000 54,300,000 10,939,004,157

CREDITS ALLOCATED IN THE 2004 BUDGET (in thousands) Headings Headings General Budget for 2004 (ordinary Revenues) (exceptional Revenues) Directorate of Telegraph and Telephones Directorate of National Lottery Cereals and Sugar Beet Office

Total 6,400,000,000 3,000,000,000 1,402,704,157 82,000,000 54,300,000 10,939,004,157

THE STATE BUDGET 2004 - APPROPRIATED EXPENDITURES (in thousands) Title Part 1 The Presidency 3,470,000 The Parliament 41,766,500 Office of Prime Minister 268,720,894 Constitutional Council 1,700,390 Ministry of Justice 45,235,575 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 93,812,200 Ministry of Interior and Municipalities 385,898,172 Ministry of Finance 78,169,738 Ministry of Public Work and Transport 48,051,156 Ministry of National Defense 795,305,250 Ministry of Culture and Higher Education 834,536,564 Ministry of Health 343,577,748 Ministry of Economy and Trade 27,270,570 Ministry of Agriculture 37,758,566 Ministry of Telecommunications 12,391,250 Ministry of Labour 58,283,962 Ministry of Information 24,074,500 Ministry of Water and Electrical Resources 6,661,300 Ministry of Tourism 13,506,580 Ministry of Education 16,441,834 Ministry of Environment 3,345,000 6,122,500 Ministry of Emmigrants Affairs 9,219,500 Ministry of Youth and Sports Ministry of Industry 6,791,540 Ministry of Social Affairs 108,898,873 4,300,000,000 Loans Due 1,000,000,000 Retired Salaries and Indemnity Services Budgetary Reserves 172,357,169 8,743,367,331 Directorate of Telegraph and Telephones 1,347,309,157 Directorate of National Lottery 81,986,000 Cereals and Sugar Beet Office 53,989,000 1,483,284,157 Total Balance 10,226,651,488

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Part 2 445,000 1,208,000 282,215,419 3,000 274,000 2,750,000 19,723,750 13,495,000 142,859,000 23,385,000 29,628,000 1,035,000 70,000 3,513,000 0 62,000 3,064,000 116,769,000 70,000 4,000,500 1,533,000 45,000 10,053,000 403,000 29,000

656,632,669 55,395,000 14,000 311,000 55,720,000 712,352,669

Total 3,915,000 42,974,500 550,936,313 1,703,390 45,509,575 96,562,200 405,621,922 91,664,738 190,910,156 818,690,250 864,164,564 344,612,748 27,340,570 41,271,566 12,391,250 58,345,962 27,138,500 123,430,300 13,576,580 20,442,334 4,878,000 6,167,500 19,272,500 7,194,540 108,927,873 4,300,000,000 1,000,000,000 172,357,169 9,400,000,000 1,402,704,157 82,000,000 54,300,000 1,539,004,157 10,939,004,157

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

THE STATE BUDGET ESTIMATED BUDGET REVENUE IN THE 2005 BUDGET (in thousands) Headings Ordinary and Exceptional Receipts Directorate of Telegraph and Telephones Directorate of National Lottery Cereals and Sugar Beet Office

Total 10,000,000,000 1,579,827,247 82,000,000 41,000,000 11,702,827,247

CREDITS ALLOCATED IN THE 2005 BUDGET (in thousands) Headings General Budget for 2005 (ordinary Revenues) (exceptional Revenues) Directorate of Telegraph and Telephones Directorate of National Lottery Cereals and Sugar Beet Office

Total 6,917,000,000 3,083,000,000 1,579,827,247 82,000,000 41,000,000 11,702,827,247

THE STATE BUDGET 2005 - APPROPRIATED EXPENDITURES (in thousands)

Title The Presidency The Parliament Office of Prime Minister Constitutional Council Ministry of Justice Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Interior and Municipalities Ministry of Finance Ministry of Public Work and Transport Ministry of National Defense Ministry of Education and Higher Education Ministry of Health Ministry of Economy and Trade Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Telecommunications Ministry of Labour Ministry of Information Ministry of Water and Electrical Resources Ministry of Tourism Ministry of Culture Ministry of Environment Ministry of Displaced Ministry of Youth and Sports Ministry of Industry Ministry of Social Affairs Loans Due Retired Salaries and Indemnity Services Budgetary Reserves Directorate of Telegraph and Telephones Directorate of National Lottery Cereals and Sugar Beet Office Total Balance

Part 1 4,126,000 42,578,000 278,934,134 1,721,190 48,782,902 103,436,050 419,050,158 83,507,338 53,063,347 829,479,250 853,315,500 351,668,913 6,941,370 38,318,044 12,127,750 108,537,244 26,009,500 7,160,900 14,096,788 13,847,460 3,069,000 5,535,000 5,260,500 5,647,400 87,262,569 3,900,000,000 900,000,000 194,992,224 8,398,468,531 1,524,477,247 81,984,000 40,681,000 1,647,142,247 10,045,610,778 520

Part 2 445,000 1,322,000 218,420,719 3,000 2,810,000 2,660,000 24,902,750 1,114,374,000 114,269,000 22,788,000 24,418,500 8,598,000 67,000 2,788,000 43,000 3,093,000 54,041,000 60,000 3,635,500 840,000 55,000 4,054,000 196,000 37,000

1,601,531,469 55,350,000 16,000 319,000 55,685,000 1,657,216,469

Total 4,571,000 43,900,000 497,354,853 1,724,190 106,246,050 91,789,700 443,952,908 1,197,881,338 167,332,347 852,267,250 877,734,000 260,266,913 7,008,370 41,106,044 12,127,750 108,580,244 29,102,500 61,201,900 14,156,788 17,482,960 3,909,000 5,590,000 9,314,500 5,843,400 97,299,569 3,900,000,000 900,000,000 194,992,224 10,000,000,000 1,579,827,247 82,000,000 41,000,000 1,702,827,247 11,702,827,247

BROAD SURVEY

AGRICULTURE Throughout the country the size of the average holding is exceedingly small. According to a survey carried out in 1953 by the United States Operations Mission, out of a total number of agricultural holdings of about 150,000, no less than 132,000 were of 25 acres or less; and even so, a small holding, particularly in the mountains, may be broken up into several fragments separated from each other by a considerable distance. The Lebanese topography is such that only about 38 per cent of land area is arable, and cultivation is confined to around 22 per cent in the absence of full irrigation. Land for cultivation is therefore scarce, nevertheless, in relation to its neighbours, Lebanon is highly favoured by climate and soil for agriculture and in the case of fruit enjoys a virtual monopoly of supplies to the region. Something like one-third of the population is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood - to varying degrees, since many of those engaged have other sources of income. Agricultural employment (including forestry and fishing) totalled 103,400 in 1985 sample census, or 23 percent of the active population. Before the development of Industry, Agriculture was the second-largest contributor to national income after trade - 20 per cent in 1950, but this share has fallen in 1997 to below 10 per cent of GDP, so that Lebanon can no longer properly be classed as an agricultural economy. Huge strides have been made since the period before the Second World War, when Lebanese agriculture was largely dependent on the silkworm and cultivation of the mulberry. Agronomic science has been vigorously pursed thanks to the assistance of international agencies such as the FAO and IFAD and the activities of Lebanese institutions, notably the Agricultural Science Faculty of the American University of Beirut. Productivity has been vastly increased and Lebanese agriculture is now among the most efficient in the region, proceeding along apparently co-ordinated lines which are nevertheless largely the result of market forces, to the substantial economic gain of the nation. Industry, not surprisingly, has grown in close association with Agriculture, with a heavy emphasis on food processing activities in the absence of other raw materials. Agriculture has been a big import saver, both through direct exports of produce and reduction of dependence on imported raw materials. In the Bekaa valley, the largest agricultural zone, the emphasis is on vegetable and cereal crops, in the former case principally potatoes, onions, tomatoes and sugar beet, while the northern part of the adjoining area of South Lebanon is the centre of wheat growing. Estimated crop was 45,000 metric tons in 1996. Wheat predominates as a winter crop. Native varieties are chiefly grown, but the French introduced softer species

of north-western European bread wheats, as well as other varieties adapted to warm and semi arid conditions. Since 1948 the acreage sown to wheat has regularly been about 170,000 acres. The coastal plain is devoted mainly to growing market garden crops, and especially in the south, bananas are grown alongside the citrus orchards which account for half of all citrus cultivation and yield the finest fruit. The northerly Akkar plain which, when fully irrigated, will be one of Lebanon's richest agricultural zones, has traditionally grown cereals but is increasingly turning to vegetables, ground-nuts and citrus. Elsewhere in the North, dry and poor in soil, goats and sheep are reared along with some low-yielding cereal crops. Fruit-growing is a very important activity. The olive is probably the most widespread, occupying the coastal plain immediately south of Beirut, including the villages of Shweifat and Damur. About 80 per cent of the olives produced are for local consumption, and by far the greater part is pressed for oil, though many fresh olives are eaten. Not less than 10,000 acres are under citrus groves. Orange production has increased by leaps and bounds in Beirut and Tripqli, while Sidon (Saida) is specialised in tangerines. A third fruit is the vine, which is cultivated in the lower foothills up to 3,000 feet. Most grapes are eaten fresh, or else made into a variety of local wines, often with a flavouring of aniseed. A largescale wine industry has developed in the central Beqaa (Ksara and Zahleh). Other fruits grown are bananas, apricots, figs, peaches and pomegranates. Bananas are grown on small aluvial terraces on the slopes of deep river gorges. Here the air is hot, steamy and calm, being sheltered by the high cliffs. Banana-growing has greatly increased. Higher, on the gentle slopes between 1,000-1,600 m., are the main apple orchards, along with some vines and more cereal crops and some forest areas. The centre of viniculture is along the foothills of Mount Lebanon on the inland side bordering the Bekaa, where vines are almost the sole crop. It is obvious that, apart from the widespread growing of cereals (chiefly wheat but with some barley and other crops), the emphasis is on fruits and vegetables, which exploit most fully the varied conditions offered by land and climate, and at times and in places given the impression that the country is one vast orchard or market garden. Cattle and dairy farming are of minor importance; bovines of all kinds are vastly outnumbered by sheep and goats. Lebanon has become a large-scale exporter of fruits and vegetables, of which four-fifths go to neighbouring Arab States, and of poultry and eggs, but remains a net importer of red meat, dairy products, cereals, vegetable oils, and animal and poultry feed-stuffs. In 1992

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agricultural products represented 13% of total exports, and a three-year plan has been set up to develop this sector of the economy. One cash crop: mulberry, is a feature of the north and central Lebanon (Qataba, Ehden, and Bsharreh); and at one time silk production was the principal occupation of Tripoli, the industry has undergone many vicissitudes, the latest phase (1962) being one of severe decline following war-time expansion. The silk-worms are reared in large wicker trays in special huts, and fed on mulberry leaves for about six weeks, during which a cocoon is spun. The cocoon is then dried and sent to a reeling mill, where it is unravelled, nearly 3,000 feet of silkthread being obtained from a single cocoon.

be larger and to represent larger sums of invested capital. Industrial employment totalled 177,000 in 1997, and represented 15% of the working force. The principal manufacturing industries are: textiles, food processing, beverages, leather, soap, cigarettes, furniture, paper and cardboard, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, detergents and paints. But a number of these industries are specially worthy of attention: 1 - A sugar processing industry was established in the Bekaa with Government assistance in 1957, as a way of boosting outlets for local beet crops stimulating local employment, and substituting imports. A glass and ceramics industry has also begun in 1957 and has built up output to a level of 30,000 tons annually of flat and hollow glassware, with outlets throughout the region. Another concern is now producing ceramic sanitaryware on a large scale. 2 - The textile industry is still one of Lebanon's biggest employer and is highly diversified, producing cotton, wool and silk yams and including a number of important weaving plants. Tanneries have existed in Lebanon since the 19th century and use mainly imported hides. At present the output of leather is in advance of the development of the processing industries, which remain largely artisan in character with the exception of footwear. Here, several large firms dominate output, and production is around 5 million pairs annually. Lebanon has begun to develop its own distinctive style as well as quality in such items, including bags, belts ans other accessories, and this coupled with low prices has helped the industry to win export orders in Europe. 3 - Another industry is furniture, which today employs 15,000 workers in 500 factories. 40 per cent of output is exported, but the building boom in Lebanon has provided rapid home market growth in addition. The manufacture of floor tiles of ceramic, marble, etc., is being developed actively, and local factories supply a major part of local consumption with export outlets in the Middle East. A variety of building materials are produced, including concrete pipe - work and building blocks, and cement is made on a large scale with a capacity of nearly two million tons a year. There are steel rolling mills and aluminium extrusion plants (all using imported billets and ingots), and other locally produced contributions to construction activity are as diverse as electrical cables, elevators, foundry products of iron and brass and fluorescent lighting. Several plants assemble vehicle bodies under contract or licence. The assembly of domestic appliances and air-conditioners too. In 1992, industry constituted 20% of the General National Product.

Lebanon's own fruit consumption, at around 35 kg. per capita per year, is one of the highest in the world; a big factor in this is the extensive use of lemons in cooking, but fruit and fruit juices are casually and universally consumed as a cheap and plentiful means of nourishment. Under the aegis of the «Office Fruitier Libanais» an autonomous semi-official body financed chiefly by a levy on exports), Lebanon's fruit growers are now seeking to diversify markets. Quality is high, and fully modern grading and packing standards have been attained. At present the agricultural area exploited is estimated at 300,000 hectares. The most important production is wheat and barley approx. 67,000 tons. Potatoes approx. 320,000 tons, onions 70,000 tons, garlic 30,000 tons. As for fruits the approximate figures are: Citrus 30,000 tons, apples 135,000, grapes 350,000, bananas 95,000, peaches 45,000, cherries 75,000, apricots 56,000, pears 45,000, olives 85,000, tobacco 6,000, sugar beat 235,000, besides tomatoes, cucumbers, etc... Other approximate figures: cows 57,000, goats 495,000, sheep 322,000, poultry 12,000,000.

INDUSTRY The growth of industry in Lebanon must be counted as fairly recent phenomenon. Limited expansion of the industrial sector took place during the Second World War, but even this was cut short by the removal of trade restrictions in 1948, when western imports of superior quality and competitive price began to invade the country. In that year net output of industry was estimated at LL 134 million. By 1957 this estimate had grown to LL 189 million (a simple annual rate of 4.6 per cent). In 1964 production was measured at LL 411 million, indicating an average simple growth rate of 9.1 per cent. Between 1964 and 1970 the estimated rate of growth rose to just over 10 per cent. In 1997, industrial exports reached US dollars 210 million.

GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION That industry should be developed is not the subject of doubt. Longer range considerations revolve around some form of regulated progress towards a fully advanced

Two - thirds of the establishments were located in or around Beirut, with 39.2 per cent in the capital itself, although there was a tendency for firms outside the city to

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economy, and the social development associated with industrialisation. It was widely thought that the small size of the domestic market and the overwhelming preference of the Lebanese for imported goods would severely restrict industrial expansion, and that financial and commercial operations would remain the mainstay of the economy.

know-how, Lebanon was and still continues to be a rather important financing centre for the region. As is well - known, the market has enjoyed complete freedom from any exchange control since 1948. The Banking system keeps abreast of all new economic and monetary developments and while relying to a considerable extent on private enterprise, nevertheless maintains the following advantages: - An absolute banking secrecy applicable both for private individuals and public authorities, administrative, judicial and military alike. - Bank deposits are guaranteed by a consortium with equal participation of the State and of the banks operating in Lebanon. - The possibility of opening a joint account where the signature of one only of the account holders is alone enough to operate the account. It is in this context that the central Bank of Lebanon finds itself called upon to intensify its efforts to exert a more stringent control over a rapidly increasing banking activity. The Central Bank's controlling influence is both necessary and desirable. To the Central Bank's overall objective of protecting the currency are added various decisive means of action and control. Thus the Bank may use whatever means it may consider necessary to ensure the stability of exchange, and to this end it may intervene on the market to buy or sell currency as necessary. The Central Bank can also propose to the Government any measures capable of having a favourable effect on the balance of payments, price movements, and public finances, and which may in any way promote economic growth. Similarly, in order to maintain bank liquidity and credit volume in harmony with its general policy, the Bank of Lebanon has at its disposal a range of measures that may be taken when and if necessary: fixing or changing the bank rate and the discount ceiling for any credits the Bank is authorised to grant to banks and other financial establishments, obliging the banks to maintain any obligatory reserve holding equal to a certain percentage of their commitments, acting directly on the volume of credit and so forth. Nor does the Bank hesitate to utilise these means of action provided for by the law for the better application of its monetary policy.

OIL INDUSTRY SUPPLY TRANSIT, AND REFINING OF OIL 1) PIPELINES Two pipelines cross Lebanon and reach the Mediterranean, the Iraq Tripoli Pipeline and the Saudi Arabia Zahrani Pipeline. Through these pipelines oil was exported to the West and Lebanon got its supply of crude oil. In April 1976, the Iraq - Tripoli Pipeline was shutdown because of a dispute over transit fees between Syria and Iraq. The Saudi Arabia - Zahrani Pipeline has been closed for export since 1975. 2) REFINERIES There are two oil refineries in Lebanon, the Tripoli Refinery with a capacity of 36,000 barrels per day and the Zahrani (Medreco) refinery with a capacity of 17,500 barrels per day. (both are not operational at present).

BANKING & COMMERCE With the recent events one might have feared that Lebanon would lose its leading role as the "Switzerland of the Middle East" but although the Lebanese economy was indeed somewhat shaken, it swiftly underwent an astonishing boom and Beirut has once again become the important business centre that it has always been in a tradition dating back to Phoenician times. One might ask what is the basis of this economic strength and on what does it depend. 'First and foremost is the human factor, the one without which all the others are less than useless. The Lebanese are a young people, dynamic and resourceful and with a highly developed flair for business and private enterprise, and it is to them that the country's economy owes its ideal and only role. With almost no raw materials within its narrow borders, Lebanon nevertheless possesses a favourable geographic position and a more than adequate supply of skilled manpower and has opted for the one evident solution open to it a liberal economy with the leading role played by the service industries.

THE BANKING SYSTEM Outside the Middle East, Beirut is today probably as well known for its banks as for any other sector of economic or cultural life. Banking in Lebanon cannot be said to be a new activity but its rise to prominence is a relatively recent phenomenon. It was in particular the Egyptian Revolution in 1952 and the socialist policies subsequently pursued which allowed Beirut to replace

BEIRUT'S BANKS Thanks to its geo-political situation and its commercial 523

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 other financial centres of the region, while Lebanon's own distinctive brand of banking, as of economic management, has aptly earned the country the sub-title of «Switzerland of the Middle East». The premises on which this title is founded must now, due to outside events, be open to new inspection. Lebanon's rise to banking fame and the perpetuation of this status are two different stories, of which only the first, can so far be told. Financial dealings are entirely free of restrictions and may take place in any currency desired. Freedom of transfer of assets extends to gold and other precious metals, which can be imported and exported without restriction whatever the nationality of the holder. Since 1956, banking has been the subject of laws or secrecy stricter than those of Switzerland, forbidding banks to divulge names of clients, their means or their activities, and operating through a system of numbered accounts. In 1961 this legislation was extended to cover joint accounts operable by a single signature, providing for the continued operation of the account after thè death of one signatory by the survivor, without information being provided to officials or testatory beneficiaries unless specifically requested by the deceased. In 1945 there were only seven important banks in Lebanon. Fifteen new banks were added in the decade following, and eighteen more between 1955 and 1966. By 1964 the total had reached 93, but this figure was reduced to 87 after the crash of the Intra Bank in 1966, which shook the Lebanese economy, and the 1967 June War, which led to a number of failures and mergers. Since the Intra collapse it has been virtually impossible to establish new banks apart from medium-term credit institutions, because the oil states had by that time developed their own institutions for the reception and investment of their growing petrodollars. In the last few years a wave of desirable mergers took place. Following is a list of the banks operating in Lebanon.

General Manager: Tameem Abdallah Jad AL-MAWARID BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Abdel Aziz Street, Yared Bldg., 3rd Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 113-6260 Beirut, Hamra 1103-2110 Tel.: (01)744272,734040, 344000, 345000 Established in 1980 Chairman: Salim Ismail Kheireddine AMERICAN EXPRESS BANK LTD. Nationality: American Head Office: Beirut Central District, Atrium Bldg., 3rd Floor, P.O.Box 11-0327 Beirut Tel.: (01) 987722 Established in 2000 in Lebanon Representative in Lebanon: Mrs. Rana Mikati ARAB AFRICAN INTERNATIONAL BANK Nationality: Egyptian Head Office: Riad Solh Square, Arab African International Bldg., 1st Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 11-6066 Tel.: (01)980162/63, 980264 Established in 1966 in Lebanon Representative in Lebanon: Maroun Melhem Khoury ARAB BANK LIMITED Nationality: Jordanian Head Office: Riad Solh Square, Commercial Co. Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-1015 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2070 Tel.: (01)980153/54, 981155/58 Established in 1943 in Lebanon Regional Representative: Ziad Sadek ITANI ARAB FINANCE HOUSE S.A.L. (ISLAMIC BANK) Head Office: Achrafieh, Charles Malek Avenue, Arab Finance House Bldg., Ρ.Ο.ΒΟΧ 11-0273 Beirut Tel.: (01) 329595 Established in 2003 Chairman: Mohamed El Maneh

BANKS OPERATING IN LEBANON AL AHLI INTERNATIONAL BANK Head Office: Bab Idriss, Omar Daouk Str., Beirut City Center, Al Ahli International Bank Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-5556 Riad el Solh, Beirut 2200-1107 Tel.: (01)970921, 970929 Established in 1963 Chairman: Dr. Rajai'i Saleh Maachar

ARAB FINANCE INVESTMENT HOUSE (ISLAMIC BANK) Head Office: Achrafieh, Charles Malek Avenue, P.O.Box 11-0237 Tel.: (01) 329595 Established in 2003 Chairman: Dr. Jamil Abdel Karim Jaroudi

AL BARAKA BANK LEBANON S.A.L. Head Office: Rachid Karame Street, Verdun 2000 Centre, Near Goodies, 2nd Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 113-5683 Tel.: (01)806463, 806496/7, 808008 Established in 1991 Chairman General Manager: Sheikh Saleh Kamel

ARAB INVESTMENT BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Riad Solh, Arab Bank Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-7000 Beirut 1107-2230

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Tel.: (01)985111,985222 Established in 1998 Chairman: Khaled Abdel Hamid Choumane

BANQUE AUDI S.A.L.- AUDI SARADAR GROUP Head Office: Bab Idriss, Banque Audi Plaza, Beirut P.O.Box 11-2560 Riad el Solh Beirut 1107-2808 Tel.: (961-1)994000 Established in 1962 Chairman: Georges Oidih Audi

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AUDI G R A D A R INVESTMENT BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Bab Idriss, Audi Plaza Bldg., Beirut P.OJBox 16-5110 Tel.: (01)994000 Established in 1973 Chairman: Raymond Oidih Audi

BANQUE D'AFFAIRES DU LIBAN ET D'OUTREMER S.A.L. Head Office: Verdun, Rachid Karameh Street, Bloom Bank's Bldg., 2nd floor, Beirut P.O.Box 11-1540 Beirut 1107-2080 Tel.: (01)344008, 348246 Established in 1994 Chairman: Dr. Naaman AZHARI

AUDI SARADAR PRIVATE BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafieh, Charles Malek Ave., Clover Bldg., P.O.Box 11-1121 and P.O.Box 11-3312 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2805 Tel.: (01) 208400, 200260 Established in 1956 Chairman: Mario Joe Saradar

BANQUE DE CREDIT NATIONAL S.A.L. Head Office: Solidere, Downtown, 157 Marfaa, Beirut 15th Floor,, Beirut P.O.Box 11-204 Tel.: (01)990808 Established in 1958 Chairman: Abdallah Tamari

BANCA DI ROMA Head Office: Maarad Str., Place de l'Etoile, Beirut City Center, Banca Di Roma Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-0968 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2060 Tel.: (01)96J-1-971000 Established in 1926 Representative in Lebanon: Valerio Bert

BANQUE DE LA MEDITERRANEE S.A.L. (BANKMED) Head Office: 482 Clemenceau Str., Beirut P.O.Box 11-0348 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2030 Tel.: (01)373937 Established in 1955 Chairman: Dr. Mohamed Hariri

BANK OF BEIRUT S.A.L. Head Office: Foch Street, Beirut, Central District P.O.Box 11-7354 Tel.: 961-1-972972, 983999 Established in 1963 Chairman: Selim Sfeir

BANQUE DE L'HABITAT S.A.L. Head Office: Dora Highway, Cité Dora II, Beirut P.O.Box 11-9024 and 166125 Tel.: (01)258838/39, 258837 Established in 1977 Chairman: Joseph Georges Sassine

BANK OF KUWAIT AND THE ARAB WORLD S.A.L. Head Office: Verdun, Ain Tineh, Bellevue Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 113-6248 Beirut 1103-2110 Tel.: (01) 866306, 865299 Established in 1959 Chairman: Abdel Razzak M. Ashour

BANQUE DE LTNDUSTRIE ET DU TRAVAIL S.A.L. (BIT BANK) Head Office: 89 Riad Solh Str., BIT Bldg. P.O.Box 11-3948 Beirut 1107-2150 Tel.: (01)980170, 980175, (01)985680 Established in 1960 Chairman: Fouad J. El Khazen

BANK SADERAT IRAN Nationality: Iranian Head Office: Mar Elias, Facing Caserne Helou, Medco center., 3rd Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 11-5126 Tel.: (01)706910/11/12 Established in 1962 Repres. in Lebanon: Ghader Tahmasbi

BANQUE DU LIBAN ET DOUTRE-MER (BLOOM BANK) Head Office: Verdun, Rachid Karame Str., P.O.Box 11-1912 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2807 Tel.: (01)738938, 743300 Established in 1951 Chairman: Dr. Naaman Azhari

BANK AL BEKAA S.A.L. Head Office: Boulevard Zahle, Fakhoury Center, Zahle Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 117, Zahle Tel.: (08)804010/11, 803099 Established in 1964 Chairman: Nabil Kassar

BANQUE 525

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WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

ORIENT S.A.L. (BEMO) Head Office: Ashrafieh, Sassine Street, Beirut, Riad el Solh, Asseily Bldg., 7th Floor, P.O.Box 16-6353, 11-7048 Beirut 1100-2120 Tel.: (01)200505/06, (01)992600/1 Established in 1966 Chairman: Henri Y. Obegi

BBAC S.A.L. (BANK OF BEIRUT AND ARAB COUNTRIES S.A.L.) Head Office: 250 Clemenceau Str., Bank's Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-1536 Riad el Solh 1107-2080 Tel.: (01)366630, 360460, 364883, 374299 Established in 1956 Chairman: Ghassan Assaf

BANQUE LATI S.A.L. Head Office, Achrafíeh, Charles Malek Ave., Tabaris, Beirut RO.Box 11-1983, 166529 Tel.: (01)333430/431, 200210/211/212 Established in 1957 Chairman: Joseph Lati

BYBLOS BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafíeh, Elias Sarkis Ave., Byblos Tower, P.O.Box 11-5605 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2811 Tel.: (01)335200/ 15 lines Established in 1959 Chairman: Dr. Francois Bassil

BANQUE LIBANAISE POUR LE COMMERCE S.A.L. (BLC BANK) Head Office: Adlieh Intersection, BLC Bank Bldg. P.O.Box 11-1126 Tel.: (01)429000, 387000 Established in 1952 Chairman: Chadi Karam

CREDIT BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Sin el Fil / Jdeideh Blvd, Freeway Center P.O.Box 16-5795 Beirut 1100-2802 Tel.: (01)485148/158 Established in 1981 Chairman: Tarek Khalife

BANQUE LIBANO - FRANÇAISE S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra, Roma Str., Beirut P.O.Box 11-0808 Beirut 1107-2804 Tel.: (01)791332 Established in 1967 Chairman: S.E. Farid Raphael

CREDIT LIBANAIS S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafíeh, Chales Malek Ave., Sofil Center, 5th Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 166729 Beirut 1100-2811 Tel.: (01)200028/029, 325072 Established in 1961 Chairman: Dr. Joseph Torbey

BANQUE MISR-LIBAN S.A.L. Head Office: Riad solh Square, Banque Misr Liban S.A.L. Bldg., Beirut. P.O.Box. 11-7 Riad el Solh Beirut 1107-2010 Tel.: (01)986666, 987777 (15 lines) Established in 1929 Chairman: Mr. Mohamed Barakat

CREDIT LIBANAIS INVESTMENT BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Riad el Solh Square, Asseily Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-1458 Tel.: (01)983150/155 Established in 1996 Chairman: Dr. Joseph Torbey FEDERAL BANK OF LEBANON S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafíeh, Charles Malek Ave., Renno Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-2209 Tel.: (01)212300/301/302 Established in 1951 Chairman: Ayoub Farid Michel Saab

BANQUE NATIONALE DE PARISINTERCONTINENTALE (BNPI) Nationality: French Head Office: Tour El Ghazal, Ring Fouad Chehab, Place Tabaris, Beirut P.O.Box 11-1608 Beirut 1107-2090 Tel.: (01)200600/601, 216140, 333717 - Fax:(01)200603 Established in 1944 Director General: Mr. Claude Rufin Chairman of the Middle East Committee: Henri Tyan

FINANCE BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Abdel Aziz Street, Intra Investment Co, Bldg., 1st, 2nd and 3rd Floors, Beirut P.O.Box 11-5044 Tel.: (01)354630, 745658/59 Established in 1960 Chairman: Dr. Hassan Farran

BANQUE PHARAON ET CHIHA S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafíeh, Abdel Wahab el Inglizi Str., Jazra Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-0001 Riad el solh, Beirut 1107-2010 Tel.: (01)339130/31, 200160/61 Established in 1958 Chairman: Naji Henri Pharaon

FIRST NATIONAL BANK SAL Head Office: Allenby Str., Central District, Beirut

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P.O.Box 110-435 Tel.: (01)963000, 977040 Established in 1994 Chairman: Rami Nimr

P.O.Box 11-9552 Tel.: (01)240741/49 and 346265/9, (Hamra) Established in 1962 Chairman: Dr. Tanal Sabah

FRANSABANK S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra Street, Sabbag Center, 2nd Floor, Beirut Ρ.Ο,Βοχ. 110393 Beirut 1107-2803 Tel.: 340180 (8 lines), (01)745761/2/3, 747597, 354373 Established in 1971 Chairman: Adnan Kassar

LEBANON & GULF BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Allenby Street, Beirut, Central District P.O.Box. 113-6404 Hamra, Beirut 1103-2806 Tel.: (01)965000 Established in 1980 Chairman: Abdel Hafiz Mahmoud Itani MEDITERRANEE INVESTMENT BANK S.A.L. Head Office: 482 Clemenceau Street, P.O.Box 11-0348 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2030 Tel.: (01)373937 Established in 1996 Chairman: Dr. Mustapha Razian

HABIB BANK LIMITED Nationality: Pakistani Head Office: Chiah Blvd., Fadlallah Center, 1st Floor, Beirut Ρ.Ο.ΒΟΧ. 11-5616 Tel.: (01)558992/3/4 Established in 1964 Representative in Lebanon: Mohamed Tarek Mir

MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Adnan El Hakim Str., Hojeij Bldg., Jnah area, Beirut P.O.Box 14-5958 Beirut 1105-2080 Tel.: (01)961-1-826740/1/2 Established in 1991 Chairman: Hassan Hojeij

HSBC MIDDLE EAST S.A.L Nationality: British Head Office: Ain Mraissi, Minet el Hosn Ρ.Ο.ΒΟΧ 11-1380 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2080 Tel.: (01)377477, 369900 Established in 1946 Representative in Lebanon: Kevin Grainger Smorthwaite Chief Executive Officer: Mohamed el Yahya

NATIONAL BANK OF KUWAIT (LEBANON) S.A.L. Head Office: Sanayeh, Justinien Str., BAC Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-5727 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2200 Tel.: (01)741111, 742222 Established in 1963 Chairman: Ibrahim Chucri Dabdoub

INTERCONTINENTAL BANK OF LEBANON S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafieh, St. Nicolas Area, Charles Malek Ave., Al Ittihadia Bldg. Beirut Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-5292, Beirut 1107-2190 Tel.: (01)200352/3/4 Beirut Established in 1961 Chairman: Selim Habib

NEAR EAST COMMERCIAL BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafieh, Charles Malek Avenue, Sofil Centre, 6th floor. P.O.Box. 16-5766 Achrafieh, Beirut 1100-2070 Tel.: (01)204077, 200331 Established in 1950 Chairman: Paul Caland

JAMMAL TRUST BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Verdun Str.. Jammal Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box. 11-5640, 13-5750 Tel.: (01)800361, 807381, 860771 Established in 1963 Chairman: Anwar Jammal

NORTH AFRICA COMMERCIAL BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra, Justinien Str., Aresco Center, Beirut P.O.Box. 11-9575 Beirut 1107-2290 Tel.: (01)346320/21, 742900 Established in 1973 Chairman: Abou Bakr Ali Cherif

LEBANESE CANADIAN BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Dora, Ghantous Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 11-2520 Tel.: (01)250222 Established in 1959 Chairman: Georges Edward Zard Aboujaoudé

RAFIDAIN BANK Nationality: Iraqi Head Office: Horch Tabet, Centre Gedco, 1st Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 1891 Telefax: (01)484757, 484780 Established in 1948 Representative in Lebanon: Mouayed Fakhry Ismail

LEBANESE SWISS BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Dora, centre Cebaco, Bloc A; and Emile Edde Street, Hoss Bldg., Hamra, Beirut

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SAUDI LEBANESE BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Verdun, Bechir Kassar Str. P.O.Box 11-6765 Riad el Solh 1107-2220 Beirut and P.O.Box 113-6570 Hamra 1103-2140, Beirut Tel.: (01)868987 Established in 1981 Chairman: Dr. Mustafa Razian

assistance to the commercial banks, most notably in 1966 when the bank helped the commercial banks to meet the exceptional demands on liquidity after the failure of the Intra Bank and guaranteed the funds of small depositors, thus preventing the onset of general panic. The lack of interference during the early years of the Central Bank's existence stemmed not only from "laissez faire" attitudes, but from opposition from the association representing the commercial banks to the principles of the Money & Credit Law promulgated in 1963 to pave the way for the establishment of the Banque du Liban. The law called for the banks to supply periodic information about their operations and gave the Central Bank powers to request further information and to insist on substantiation where necessary. The Banque du Liban is run by a Council of Administration consisting of the Governor, a Commissioner who is the direct representative of the Government, three Deputies - Governors, and the Directors - General of Finance and the Economy respectively. The powers of the Central Bank to intervene directly in the economic affairs of the country were increased in 1973 by potentially far - reaching amendments to the Money and Credit Law. These essentially gave the bank powers to compel the commercial banks to limit advances, to determine reserve ratios, and to call for special deposits if deemed necessary, as well as increasing the bank's powers to issue or deal in bonds or bills.

SAUDI NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK Head Office: Rachid Karame Str., Verdun Plaza, 1st Floor P.O.Box 11-2355 Beirut 1107-2100 Tel.: (01)787381/2/3/4, (01)860863 Chairman: Hani S. Housami SOCIETE GENERALE DE BANQUE AU LIBAN Head Office: Sin el Fil, Rond Point Saloumeh, Sehnaoui Bldg. Beirut P.O.Box 11-2955 Tel.: 483001/10, (01)499813/817 Established in 1953 Chairman: Maurice Sehnaoui SOCIETE NOUVELLE DE LA BANQUE DE SYRIE ET DU LIBAN S.A.L. Head Office: Dbayeh Highway - Direction Naccache P.O.BOX. 11-957 Tel.: (04)405563/64, 402420 (Direction) Established in 1962 Chairman: Ramzi el Khoury

INSURANCE

STANDARD CHARTERED BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Dbayeh Highway, Dbayeh 509 SAL Bldg., Lebanon Ρ.Ο,Βοχ. 70216 (Antélias) Tel.: (04)542474 Established in 1979 Chairman: Zahid Rahim

Numerous Insurance Companies are operating in Lebanon. The following are the major ones: ADIR (ADONIS INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L.) Head Office: Dora Avenue, Aya Center, 1st & 2nd Floors P.O.Box 90-1446 Jdeidet el Metn 1202-2110 Tel.: (01)256290/1/2 Established in 1983 Chairman: Dr. Semaan François Bassil

SYRIAN LEBANESE COMMERCIAL BANK S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra Str., Fakhro & Darwiche Bldg., 1st Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 11-8701, 113-5127 Tel.: (01)341261/62, 341093 Established in 1972 Chairman: Doureid Dargham

AL BAHRIA INSURANCE & REINSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafieh, Al Bahria Bldg., 1st Floor P.O.Box 116-5242 Tel.: (01)336633, (01)612571 Established in 1987 Chairman: Georges A. Lammam

THE CENTRAL BANK The Banque du Liban (the Central Bank of Lebanon), dates only from 1964, when it replaced the Banque de Syrie et du Liban (BSL), a private French institution which was established at the start of the Mandate - when it was the only bank in the country - and which still exists as a commercial bank, shorn of its Issue Department which forms the basis of the new Central Bank. As a lender of last resort, the Central Bank of Lebanon has had cause on a number of occasions to render direct

AL FAJR GULF INSURANCE & REINSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Corniche Mazraa, Colombia Center, Block A, 2nd Floor, Beirut P.O.Box 14-5206 Beirut 1105-2020 Telefax: (01)817222 (11 lines), 312265, 817731 528

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Established in 1991 Chairman: Ghassan Hibri

P.O.Box 175425 Tel.: (01)565640/1/2/3, 564146/7, 564480/1 Established in 1995 Chairman: Dr. Imad Maroun Hajj

AL-ITTIHAD AL-WATANI (L'UNION NATIONALE) SOCIETE GENERALE D'ASSURANCES DU PROCHEORIENT S.A.L. Head Office: Jisr Al-Wati area, Al- Ittihad Al Watani Bldg. P.O.Box 11-1270 Beirut 1107-2080 Tel.: (01)426480/85 Established in 1947 Chairman: Tannous Feghali

ARABIA INSURANCE COMPANY S.A.L. Head Office: Phoenicia Str., Arabia House Bldg., 5th floor P.O.Box 11-2172 Beirut Tel.: (01)363610/611 Established in 1968 Chairman: Dr. Hicham Bsat

AL-MASHREK INSURANCE & REINSURANCE S.A.L. (AMIR) Head Office: Achrafieh, Ibrine Str., Al-Mashrek Bldg. P.O.Box 16-6154 Achrafieh 1100-2100 Tel.: (01)204666 Fax: (01)337625 Established in 1962 Chairman: Abraham Matossian

ARAB LEBANESE INSURANCE GROUP S.A.L. (ALIG) Head Office: Achrafieh, Tabaris, Borj al Ghazal, 7th Floor P.O.Box 11-1555 Tel.: (01)327222, 791683 Established in 1997 Chairman: Abdallah Hassan Bouhindi ARAB LIFE INSURANCE CO. S.A.L. - INSURANCE & REINSURANCE Head Office: Hamra Str., Eldorado Bldg., 6th floor P.O.Box 11-7338 Beirut 1107-2240 Tel.: (01)751851 Established in 1983 Chairman: Dr. Elias S. Saba

AL-NISR INSURANCE COMPANY S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra, Maledissi Str., Hanna Bldg., 3rd Floor P.O.Box 113-5113 Tel.: (01)350370/72 Established in 1964 Chairman: Emir Fahd ben Abdallah al Saud ALPINA LEBANON & CO. S.A.R.L. Head Office: Dora Highway, Bosh Bldg., 2nd Floor Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 90-057 (Jdeideh) Tel.: 01-255207/208 Fax: 01-264940 Established in 1956 Representative in Lebanon: Edward Traboulsi

ARAB REINSURANCE COMPANY S.A.L. Head Office: Al Maarad Str. off Nejmeh Square, Beirut P.O.Box 11-9060 Beirut Tel.: (01)989500, 983931 Established in 1972 Chairman: Sheikh Khaldoun Barakat AROPE ASSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Verdun, Sanayeh Crossing, Monte Marina Center, Block C, 2nd Floor, Beirut P.O.Box: 113-5686 Tel.: (01)747444 Established in 1964 Chairman: Dr. Samer El Azhari

AMANA INSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Dekwaneh, Autostrade Dekwaneh, Freiha Bldg., 2nd Floor, Beirut Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-9349 Beirut Tel.: (01)683025/26/27 Established in 1981 Chairman: Georges Chahdan Salem

ASSALAM INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Ramlet el-Baida, Beethoven Str., Fawaz Bldg., 2nd, 5th, 6th & 7th Floors P.O.Box 114-9182 Beirut Tel.: (01)801869 - 801871 - 811484 Established in 1977 Chairman: Saad Mohamed Bissat

AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Head Office: Verdun Square, Concorde Bldg., Beirut 2042-6212 Lebanon P.O.Box 14-5644 Mazraa, Beirut 1105-2085 & P.O.Box 11-2547 Riad el Solh, Beirut 1107-2030 Tel.: (01)753111 Established in 1953 in Lebanon Representative in Lebanon: Sami B. Saadeh

ASSICURAZIONI GENERALI DI TRIESTE VENEZIA, S.P.A. Head Office: Nejmeh Sector, 1170 Nejmeh Square P.O.Box 6988 & 696 Beirut

AMERICAN UNDERWRITERS GROUP S.A.L. (A.U.G.) Head Office: Saifi, Saifi Towers, 11th, 12th, 13th Floors 529

E

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 TeL: (01)983237 Established in 1831 Representative in Lebanon: Charles Chedid ASSUREX S.A.L. D'ASSURANCES REASSURANCES Head Office: Bab Edriss Square, Beirut Central District, Assurex Bldg., RO.Box 11-7358 Beirut Tel.: (01)982000/1/2/3 Established in 1978 Chairman: Khalil M. Fattal

ET

Chairman: Assaad Mirza COMMERCIAL INSURANCE CO. (LEBANON) S.A.L. Head Office: Zouk Mikhael High Way, Nasr Bldg. P.O.Box 84 Jounieh Tel.: (09)211678/680/685 Established in 1962 Chairman: Max Roger Zaccar

DE

COMPAGNIE LIBANAISE D'ASSURANCES S.A.L. Head Office: Jal el Dib, Oscar Bldg., Beirut P.O.Box 3685 Beirut, 60201 Jal el Dib Tel.: (04)723400 (Jal el Dib) Established in 1951 Chairman: Pedro Youssef Aboujaoude

AXA MIDDLE EAST S.A.L. Head Office: Jal el Dib Highway, Axa Middle East Bldg., RO.Box 11-550 Beirut Tel.: (04)716333, 716444, 716555 Established in 1973 Chairman: Roger Nasnas

COMPASS INSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra, Commodore Str., Ivoire Center 8th Floor P.O.Box 113-6025 Beirut 1103-2090 Tel.: (01)346518, 346441/42 Established in 1979 Chairman: Ahmed Ali Tabaja

BANCASSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra, Main Street, Sabbagh Center, 4th & 5th Floors, Beirut RO.Box 11-0393 Beirut 1107-2803 Telefax: 01-750677, 750247 Established in 1999 Chairman: Adel Kassar

CONFIDENCE INSURANCE GROUP S.A.L. Head Office: Sin el Fil, Kzandjian Bldg., 1st Floor P.O.Box 70745 Antélias Tel.: (01)500842, 492226 Established in 1991 Chairman: Gabriel M. Hajjar

BANKERS ASSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Riad el Solh, Emir Bechir Str., Asseily Bldg., 4th Floor, Beirut RO.Box 11-4293 Beirut 1107-2160 Tel.: (01)988777-988111, 988222 Established in 1972 Chairman: Saba Eugène Nader

CONTINENTAL INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Dora Highway, Centre Cebaco, Block C, 3rd & 4th Floors P.O.Box 90-967 Jdeideh Tel.: (01)260090, 265063, 240934 Established in 1983 Chairman: Georges Chafic Maacaron

BERYTUS INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Alfred Naccache Ave., Azoury Center, 6th Floor P.O.BOX 165152 Beirut 1100-2020 Tel.: 01-331331 (10 lines) Established in 1972 Chairman: Nazih Khalil Feghali

CREDIT LIBANAIS D'ASSURANCES ET REASSURANCES S.A.L. Head Office: Dora, Credit Libanais Bldg., 2nd Floor P.O.Box 166729 (Achrafieh) Tel.: (01)257628/630 Established in 1987 Chairman: Jacques Sehnaoui

BYBLOS INSURANCE COMPANY S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafieh, Charles Malek Ave., Byblos Ins.Bldg., 4th Floor Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 16-6720 Telefax: (01)204270/77 Established in 1974 Chairman: Fady Abdallah El-Khoury

DE

CUMBERLAND INSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Riad el Solh Square, Beirut Central District, Capitole Bldg., 6th Floor P.O.Box 11-6000 Beirut Tel.: (01)990022 Established in 1978 Chairman: Antoine Rizk Khoury

CAPITAL INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Sin el Fil, Mansour & Ojeil Bldg., 1st Floor Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 55513 Tel.: (01)497545 - 498841 Established in 1983

FIDELITY

530

ASSURANCE

&

REINSURANCE

BROAD SURVEY

COMPANY S.A.L. Head Office: Hamra, Ras Beirut, Sourati Str., Mechaalani Bldg. P.O.Box 11-6349 Beirut 1107-2210 Tel.: (01)350100 Established in 1966 Chairman: Ricardo Sleiman

Chairman: Loutfi Fadel Zein NORTH ASSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Sin el Fil, Freeway street P.O.Box 90-1247 Tel.: (01)511995 Established in 1975 Chairman: Victor Said Fadl

L'HORIZON - SOCIETE D'ASSURANCES ET DE REASSURANCES S.A.L. Head Office: Zouk Mikhael, Facing Electricity Club Khoury Bldg., 1st & 2nd Floors Tel.: (09)224013, 225481 Established in 1988 Chairman: Joseph Akiki

THE OVERSEAS INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Antelias High Way, Zard Zard Bldg. P.O.Box 11-7938 Beirut Tel.: (04)715546/547/549 Established in 1973 Chairman: Alexandre Foti Bouri

LEADERS INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Jal el Dib Yachoui Bldg., 3rd Floor & 4th Floors P.O-Box 60007 (Jal el Dib) Tel.: (04)722910/11/12 Established in 1988 Chairman: Tannous Feghali

PHENICIENNE POUR L'ASSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafieh, Amine Gemayel Str., Hanna Haddad Bldg. P.O.Box 11-5652 Beirut Tel.: (01)397260 - 397033 - (01)425484/5/6 Established in 1962 Chairman: Tannous C. Feghali SECURITE - INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Sin el Fil, Gedco Center, 2nd Floor P.O.Box 166499 Tel.: (01)485295/9 Established in 1983 Chairman: Antoine Khawam

LIBANO-ARABE - CIE. D'ASSURANCES & DE REASSURANCES DU LIBAN & DU MONDE ARABE S.A.L. Head Office: Dora, Bank Audi Bldg. P.O.Box 11-1439 Beirut Tel.: (01)255640/650 Established in 1974 Chairman: Raymond Audi

SOCIETE FRANCO-ARABE D'ASSURANCES ET DE REASSURANCES (SOFRACE) S.A.L. Head Office: Kantari Area, Facing Tour el Murr, Commerce & Finance Bldg. P.O-Box 11-8773 Beirut Tel.: (01)365401, 379199, 379909 Established in 1977 Chairman: Adel Wafic Kassar

LIBANO-SUISSE S.A.L. SOCIETE D'ASSURANCES Head Office: Kantari, Commerce & Finance Bldg., 2nd Floor P.O.Box 11-3821 Beirut, 1107-2150 Tel.: (01)374900, 364461/2 Established in 1958 Chairman: Michel Pierre Pharaon

SOCIETE NATIONALE D'ASSURANCE (SNA) S.A.L. Head Office: Hazmieh, S.N.A. Bldg. P.O.Box 16-6528 Beirut 1100-2130 Tel.: (05)956600 Established in 1962 Chairman: Antoine Wakim

LIBERTY INSURANCE S.A.L. Head Office: Achrafieh, Sassine Square, Chebli Bldg. P.O.Box 166357 Tel.: (01)212213 Established in 1987 Chairman: Elie Chebli

SOGECAP LIBAN S.A.L. Head Office: Dekwaneh, Sector 1, Str. 41, Sogecap Bldg. P.O.Box 55056 Beirut Tel.: (01)511691/696 Established in 2000 Chairman: Nicolas Sehnaoui

MEDITERRANEAN & GULF INSURANCE & REINSURANCE CO. S.A.L. (MEDGULF) Head Office: Beirut, Patriarch Hoyek Str., Medgulf Bldg., Beirut Central District P.O.Box 113-6320 Tel.: (01)985000/01 Established in 1980

TRUST INSURANCE CO. S.A.L. 531

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Head Office: Verdun, Rachid Karame Str. Jammal Trust Bank Bldg., 1st Floor P.O.Box 11-0553 Beirut Tel.: (01)803405, 864971 Established in 1996 Chairman: Anwar Ali Jammal

addition to regard its archaeological heritage as a natural resource. Foremost in this is the Roman city of Baalbeck in the Bekaa, where ruins of staggering proportions were excavated and where annual summer festivals, performed on stages created in the heart of the ruins, had achieved world renown. Baalbeck is Lebanon's top tourist attraction. The ancient Phoenician cities of Tyre, Sidon and Byblos, along with architectural and other relics of succeeding ages - Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman represent tourist sites less spectacular in scale but even richer in associations because of their continuous existence through the ages. The Palace of the Emir Bechir II at Beiteddine, though comparatively modern, is built on a scale and remains sufficiently intact to suggest vividly the terrible grandeur of its original occupant. The Cedars, timeless emblem of Lebanon, still beckon the visitor for the sight of the 400 or so huge trees which remain after the spoliations of Solomon and the Phoenician shipbuilders, as well as for the sporting and recreational facilities now developed in their vicinity. For the Arab visitor especially, the charms of Beirut are legion. The divided character of Lebanon is evident in the first-class hotels, cosmopolitan cuisine and free availability of goods of any provenance, all so casually offered in the capital, while the liberation inherent in Lebanese tradition approaches the permissive in the prolific entertainment facilities proffered at all levels: The Casino du Liban, was renovated and reopened in November 1996, - a purposebuilt complex sited on a promontory overlooking the Bay of Jounieh 25 km. north of Beirut - contains two auditoria, as well as the gaming facilities which offer diversions almost unique in the Middle East. FESTIVALS AND CULTURAL EVENTS The Lebanese summer season with its beaches, water sports and cool mountain holidays has also been, since the Baalbeck International Festival was started in 1955, a season rich in cultural events. For twenty years the temples of Bachus and Jupiter served as a stage for some of the world's greatest performers among whom Sviatoslav Richter, Herbert von Karajan, Ella Fitzgerald, Charles Mingus, the ballet troupe of Maurice Bejart, the Old Vic theater group, and the Comedie - Française. The Festival was discontinued during the war years and its activities were resumed. Other festivals on a smaller scale, are scheduled for the summer season.. The Byblos Festival, started in 1971, re-launched its programmes in 1977 with a glittering bevy of show business stars. The programmes are staged in the picturesque medieval citadel of Byblos, an open air auditorium by the sea that can accommodate an audience of 2,500.

UNION FRANCO ARABE D'ASSURANES ET DE REASSURANCES (UFA) S.A.L. Head Office: Martyrs Square, Ufa Bldg. P.O.Box 11-5106 Riad el Solh, Beirut 2011-4510 Tel.: (01)985666 Established in 1984 Chairman: Henri Chalhoub UNITED ASSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Dora Blvd., Dora Court, United Court, 8th Floor P.O.Box 90-1674 Telefax: (01)251751, 257762/4 Established in 1979 Chairman: Roger Tabet UNITED COMMERCIAL INSURANCE CO. S.A.L. Head Office: Badaro, Sami Solh Str., P.O.Box 721 Beirut, 116-5420 Tel.: (01)384993, 383383 Established in 1974 Chairman: Jacques G. Sassy VICTOIRE ASSURANCES S.A.L. Head Office: Sami el Solh St., Gorayeb Bldg., 1st & 3rd Floors P.O.Box 166116 Achrafieh 1100-2100 Tel.: (01)389068, 389166, 383570 Established in 1987 Chairman: Ibrahim A. Sultanem

TOURISM Tourism must be included among the industries of Lebanon and ranks among the biggest employers and contributors to national income (to the tune of an estimated 16 per cent). Like the agriculturally based industries selected for development, it employs for raw materials natural resources present in abundance and, to an extent even greater than most sectors of Lebanese economic activity, it is vulnerable to political events and external confidence. The "natural resources", of Lebanon in this context consist partly of those resources indeed naturally endowed, such as the temperate and varied climate, mediterranean coastline and mountain heights; Lebanon in entitled in

SYR DANNIE AND THE TEMPLES OF SFIRE Unfamiliar to many Beirutis but a favorite spot for 532

BROAD SURVEY

those who live in Tripoli and Aleppo, Syr Dannié is a small summer resort agreable at any time of the year. Lying at an altitude of nearly 3000 feet some 15 miles from Tripoli, Syr Dannié is reached by a picturesque road whose every turn provides delightful possibilities for the discovery of unexpected beauties - on foot, by mule or by car. One of these is the orchard-lined road that leads to Hosn Sfiré set on a platform overlooking a mountain pass at the foot of a rocky spur. Here, some 3500 feet above sea-level, is one of the best-preserved Roman temples in Lebanon. An inscription in the sanctuary suggests that it was dedicated to Kyria, the Lady. The title refers to Atargatis, goddess of motherhood, of fertility and of the renewal of nature whom the Romans associated with Venus, the goddess of beauty and love. Further on, a smaller and less well-preserved temple can be found. Before this temple stands an altar crowned with a taurus surmounted by a gorge - architectural features typical of the Persian era in Phoenicia. Similar design can be found at Kal'a Fakra near Faraya, at Machnaya overlooking the Nahr Ibrahim, and at Amrit near Tartous. a stepped path leads from this temple to the remains of another monument, again with an altar in front but this one a single block decorated with bull's heads. Climbing higher still provides a superb panaroma the circle of mountains converging towards Syr Dannié, Kornet al Saouda, Ehden, the wooded foot-hills desending towards Tripoli, the plain and the mountains of the Akkar. From Syr, Kornet al Saouda - the highest peak of the Mont-Liban range - is a six-hour walk eventually leading to the Cedars. Nabeh Sukkar is also easily accessible and the whole area is ideal for country walks and picnics. THE LEBANESE COASTLINE In Lebanon's warm climate, water sports may be enjoyed from April through October and, very often, on balmy days in February and March. Swimming, waterskiing, yachting, sailing, scuba diving, water polo, etc... are possible all along the Lebanese coast, particularly on that stretch between Beirut and Tripoli at the following clubs: The Coral Beach, Long Beach, Sporting, Riviera, Tabarja Beach, the Lagon Club and the Summerland Club, Holiday Beach, Aquamarina, etc... The most outstanding water sports centres in Lebanon, however, remain the St. Georges Yacht Motor Club in Beirut and the Automobile Touring Club in Kaslik.

Yachting championship (1971). THE AUTOMOBILE TOURING CLUB of Kaslik (Jounieh) is an integrated touristic complex covering a land-sea area of 64,000 sq.ms. It comprises an Olympicsize swimming pool, a children's pool, five tennis courts, a water - skiing starting platform, a marina, a gym, a club-house with a large restaurant and a grill room. The Automobile Club, which was established in 1915 eventually started to take interest in water sports and set up this complex with facilities for yachting, swimming, tennis, volley-ball, and basket-ball, water skiing and scuba diving. The Club, of course, continues to sponsor motoring in its capacity as sole national authority responsible for this sport. The Club provides instruction in swimming, sailing and water - skiing, and reactivated in 1980 the scuba diving school which had been closed for some time. The marina accommodates some 350 sleek boats ranging in type from the speedboat to the family sailboat. These vessels usually make the Eastern Mediterranean run to Cyprus, Rhodes, and the Turkish coasts. But some venture out as far as the Italian coast. The ATCL takes part in water - skiing contests, motorboat races, and tennis tournaments. Its courts have been placed at the disposal of the tennis federation which has sponsored a number of tournaments there. TROUT-FISHING AT OUYOUN ERGUSH Lying to the east of the Cedars mountains at some 5000 feet above sea level is the peaceful village of Ouyoun Ergush, famed for its troutfishing. This natural beauty spot is dominated by the high point of Mont Liban, the summit of Kornet el Saouda (10,000 feet). The village lies in a charming valley watered by numberless springs "ouyoun" in Arabic - and vast ponds abounding in trout. The valley of Ouyoun Ergush, which stretches from Yammouné towards Marjhine, is probably the northern prolongation of the famous Great Rift Valley that separates Africa from Asia. Visiting Ouyoun Ergush is particularly recommended in the springtime, when the snowy slopes form an impressive backdrop for the fisherman. There are relatively few trees - a variety of cedar - and picnickers will usually find them growing near the springs. A few goatherds' houses add to the picturesque charm of the area - whose inhabitants follow the traditional Lebanese mountain custom of warm hospitality. There is good road linking Ouyoun Ergush to Ainata some ten miles away, but the village can also be reached on foot - a two-hour walk along the valley running through the foothills of the Cedars Mountains, Baalbeck is 1 1/2 hour's drive away, and Bcharré and the Cedars are accessible by a road which crosses the mountaintops at some 8000 feet and from which there is a panoramic view

THE ST. GEORGES YACHT MOTOR CLUB was established in 1936. It had a yachting school (set up in 1968), a water - skiing school (1962), and a scuba diving school (1974). The Club also has a swimming pool for water polo games. The Club has hosted a large number of water - skiing and water polo contests of which two were the only world championship meets ever to be held in Lebanon: the water skiing World championship (1955), and the World 533

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

of the Antiliban and the Beqaa. MONASTERIES: HAVENS OF CULTURE IN RECENT CENTURIES Flying over Lebanon one would notice a remarkable number of church steeples standing side by side with mosque minarets, and a multitude of monasteries dotting the countryside. Very few are the religions and denominations that have not worshipped in Lebanon where temples built many milleniums ago for Baal, Jupiter and Astarte still stand, and primitive grottoes still bear the names of the hermits who once used them as retreats - Mar Elias, Mar Licah, Mar Selwan, and Mar Challita among many others. The monasteries have traditionally played a major role in the diffusion of learning and culture, and contributed to the educational growth, not only of Lebanon, but of the whole area. Of these, the most outstanding are Mar Qozhaya, Belmont (Balamand) Abbey, St. John of Khonshara, the Monastery of the Lord Saviour, and the Ain Waraqa Monastery, situated in the heart of the Kesrouan area, where four languages were already being taught as far back as the 17 th Century. More than any other location, the Qadisha Valley in north Lebanon has been the center of Lebanon's monastic life, and one of the oldest and most outstanding sanctuaries, Deir Qannoubeen, is located there.

THE MONASTERY OF THE LORD SAVIOUR (Deir Moukhalles) was built in 1711 A.D. in the middle of a cluster of pines and olive trees on a peak over-looking Sidon. The monastic cells have been converted into a small museum where sacramental objects and robes are on display. Deir Moukhalles, which has a college on its premises, was a major springboard and haven for the Arab cultural renaissance movement. THE MONASTERY OF St. JOHN at Khonshara, not far from the summer resort of Dhour el Shuweir, housed the Arab world's first printing press which was installed in the 18th Century. The first publication to come off this press was "The Balance of Time" by Abdallah Zakher. Zakher, a jeweller, watchmaker, painter, engraver and author set up the press a few meters away from the Monastery to avoid disturbing the monks. As described by Abbe Le Roy in his book "Monks and Monasteries of the Near East", the press was extreme in its simplicity. It consisted of two plates, one fixed on which the type and paper were placed, and one mobile which was operated by a crank handle to make the impression.

TRANSPORT Lebanon has a legacy of good roads from World War II as well as an excellent port in Beirut and two secondary ports: Tripoli and Sidon. ROADS: A network of good asphalted roads totalling 4,110 kilometres connects Beirut to Damascus (110 km), Amman (300 km). Horns, Hama and Aleppo (450 km). The same network connects Beirut to Baghdad (1,000 km) and Teheran (2,000 km). Tracks run from Beirut to Baghdad (900 km), Teheran (2,000 km), Kuwait, Dhahran and Riyadh (1,800 km). RAILWAYS: Since 1960 all railways in Lebanon have been state-owned. The 388 km network (comprising 312 km standard gauge tracks and 76 km narrow-gauge) is operated by the "Office des Chemins de Fer de l'Etat Libanais et des Transports en Commun de Beyrouth et de sa Banlieue" which also operates the bus services in and around Beirut. Several other bus services are also operating by private enterprises. SHIPPING: Beirut which is the main port provides the following accommodation: entrance 470 metres long, Depth 17 to 20 metres. Port area 66 hectares consisting of three basins with maximum depth of 17 and 20 metres, and 14 metres in the old basin. Quays totalling 3,250 metres of which 2,600 metres from 8 to 13 metres in depth and 60 metres from 3 to 6 metres in depth. Warehouses and earth platforms have the following areas:

DEIR QANNOUBEEN was established, it is believed, by Theodosius the Great in the first half of the 4th Century. In the 15th Century it became and has since remained the residence of the Maronite Patriarchs who, after their death, are buried in the chapel at the entrance of the grotto where St. Marina is said to have spent her last days. THE QOZHAYA MONASTERY is located in a partially cultivated gorge of the Kadisha Valley. It was built on the site of a temple where the Romans had worshipped the God Baal. Its colonnaded arcades are identical with those in the gallery of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1610, the Orient's first printing press was set up in this Monastery to print liturgical texts in Syriac and Karshouni. DEIR BALAMAND was founded by the Cisterian Monks in 1157 A.D. The name is derived from the word Belmont which was the original name of the medieval monastery. It was built "on a rock surrounded by sheer ravines far from the beaten path" southeast of Tripoli, but now it is easily accessible by car. Its architecture like its educational achievements, is typical of the cultural heritage of Lebanon. Its 13th Century steeple rises over blend between austerity in its arcades and rich baroque in its balustrades. The church is an example of Cisterian sobriety and today houses an iconostasis in sculpted wood, it is very closely linked, both in its architecture and its origins, to the Crusades.

Covered sheds

Uncovered sheds and earth

Total

platform Customs precincts

102,915 m2

159,020 m2

261,935 m2

Free Zone public

45,576 m2

55,512 m2

101,098 m2

Public Private

54,950 m2

528 m2

55,478 m2

General Stores

2,870 m2 206,321 ml

333 m2

3,203 m2

215,393 m2

421,714 m2

TOTAL

534

BROAD SURVEY Hashem Bldg., 5th Floor P.O.Box 80100 (Dora), Tel.: (01)241244, 257038/39

At present it is under rehabilitation and modernisation. Port of Sidon The port of Sidon is located in an open, unsheltered roadstead just north of the Zahrani river and about 5 miles south of the town of Sidon. it is approximately 35 miles south of Beirut and 15 miles north of Tyre. Facilities consist of 5 berths having 2 submarine loading lines each. One line remains in crudes service and the other is used for bunkers and crudes as may be required. The lines are spaced about 2,600 feet apart and extend about 1 mile offshore to cover 50 feet of water. Permanent moorings consist of 5 to 7 buoys. Buoys are of steel, cylindrical and fitted with a pelican hook to which ship's moorings are attached. The heading basis of all berths is west and both of ship's bower anchors are used. Vessels must have at least five good quality manila mooring lines. Certain buoys in all berths are equipped with 1 1/2 inch preventive wires, one end of which is permanently secured to the mooring buoy. The free end is brought on board by messenger line after ship is moored in position. Both crude and bunker hoses are fitted on the port side (with ship's gear). All crudes loading is done by gravity from shore tanks and the maximum rate varies from 16,000 to 36,000 bbls/hr depending on the berth and the vessel's ability to load.

A R A B SHIPPING & CHARTERING CO Avenue des Français, Galerie Ghandour Bldg., 4th Floor P.O.Box 1084 & 2856, Tel.: (01)371044/45, 373375/78 Fax: (01)360048 A R A B I A N MARITIME & TRANSPORT AGENCY Tripoli, El Mina, Customs Str. Kabbara Bldg., 3rd Floor P.O.Box 2561 (Tripoli) Tel.: (06)602868/869 BYBLOS TRANSPORT SHIPPING S.A.R.L Charles Helou Ave., Sehnaoui Bldg., 6th Floor P.O.Box 175261, Tel.: (01)445206, 583690, 443668, 448999 CARGOMASTER (ABOU ZEID & CO.) S.A.L Charles Helou Street, Sehnaoui Bldg, 2nd Floor P.O.Box 11-0310 Tel.: (01)561000 (12 lines) CHBEIR MARITIME AGENCY Jounieh, Port of Jounieh, and Ghadir Tel.: (09)933818, 916305, 640305

Port of Tripoli Installations consist of 1 floating crane of 20 tons, 2 mobile cranes on railway quay (7 tons-capacity), two 3-ton cranes, cranes of 1 1/2 and 3 tons on Customs pier. The port is serviced by 75 lighters and 8 tugs for discharge. Discharge and loading by lighters. The Port is being modernised.

COMPTOIR ALGERIEN DU LEVANT GEZAIRI Ras Beirut, Gezairi Square, Gezairi Blvd. Beirut and Port Str., Fayad Bldg. P.O.Box 11-1402 Beirut 1107-2080 Tel.: (01)783783, 791719, (01)448401, 580808, 580553

SHIPPING COMPANIES There are many shipping companies and agents in Lebanon, hereafter are some of them:

CORDA H I EDOUARD Mar Mikhaël Str., Issam Pharaon Bldg. P.O.Box 11-5755 Tel.: (01)449511/12, 563755

AGENCE MARITIME NICOLAS ABOURJEILI, Port Str., Fayad Bldg., 5th Floor P.O.Box 113951, Tel.: (01)449010, 449065

COSTA BITAR Pasteur str., Saifi, Kanzabedian Bldg. P.O.Box 17-5324 Tel.: (01)567200/210

A K A K MARINE CO. S.A.L Dbayeh High Way, Yammine Bldg. P.O.Box 90160 (Antelias) Tel.: (04)410360, 404035/040, (01)522140

EXELMAR SHIPPING LTD. Port Str., Fayad Bldg., 3rd Floor P.O.Box 4153 Tel.: (01)448966, 564732/33

A L P H A SHIPPING & TRADING AGENCY S.A.L Tripoli, El Mina, Customs Str. Alameddine Bldg., 1st Floor Tel.: (06)610773,611138

GLOBE MARITIME TRANSPORT CO. S.A.R.L Mar Mikhael, Tarabey Bldg., 4th Floor P.O.Box 11-1446 Tel.: (01)443453, 581832, 581807

ANTARSPED FORWARDING SERVICES S.A.R.L (ADEL CHEBLI & CO.), Nahr High Way, Tripoli Str.

535

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Achrafieh, Bustros Str., Antoine Chammah Bldg., 2nd Floor P.O.Box 11-0367 Tel.: (01)324116

G. SAHYOUNI & CO. S.A.R.L Head Office: Dora, Quarantine Bride Hafiz el Hachem bldg., 3rd Floor P.O.Box 175452 Beirut Tel.: (01)257046/48, 241566/67, 241317

NACCACHE IBRAHIM & CO. (LEBANON) Port Str., Fayad Bldg., 3rd Floor P.O.Box 11-4153 Tel.: (01)449004, 448966, 564732/733

GULF AGENCY CO. (LEBANON) LTD Head Office: Saifi, Arz Str., Modern Bldg., 7th Floor P.O.Box 11-4392 Beirut Riad el Solh 1107-2160 Tel.: (01)446189, 446086, 562845

NATIONAL SHIPPING CO. S.A.L 96 Pasteur Str., Medawar P.O.Box 11-0847 Beirut Riad el Solh 1107-2060 Tel.: (01)580202

HENRY HEALD & CO. S.A.L Saifi, Medawar, Pasteur Str. Burotec Bldg., 11th Floor P.O.Box 11-0064 Beirut Tel.: (01)585676/78

NATTCO SHIPPING AGENCIES Port Str., Bohsali Bldg P.O.Box 11-6790 Beirut & 90-1460 Jdeideh Tel.: (01)582792/94

INTERSHIP S.A.R.L Arz Str., Saifi, Kanafani Bldg., 9th Floor P.O.Box 175-166 Tel.: (01)581200/204, Fax: (01)449715

ORIENT SHIPPING & TRADING S.A.R.L Ain el Mreisseh #72 #54 Str Moumneh Bldg., 1st Floor P.O.Box 11-2561 Tel.: (01)364546, 364455

KHALED JAROUDY SHIPPING Tallet el Khayat, Centre Kaaki, 1st Floor Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 113-5181 Tel.: (01)797747

OSMAN MEKKAOUI & FILS S.A.L Port Str., Port Bldg., P.O.Box 1472, 11-2150 Tel.: (01)580181, (01)580182/184

KHAYAT SHIPPING GROUP Arz Str., Saifi, Modern Bldg., 9th Floor P.O.Box 11-1416 Tel.: (01)449712/713, 449702, 449303

SEALINE AGENCY S.A.R.L Charles Helou Ave., Medawar Sehnaoui Bldg., 3rd Floor P.O.Box 175079, Tel.: (01)445123 (6 lines), (01)565000 (6 lines)

MED CONRO SHIPPING SERVICES LTD. S.A.R.L Dora, Dora Highway, St. Jack Center, 9th Floor P.O.Box 11-6043 Beirut Riad el Solh 1107-2210 Tel.: (01)240700 (5 lines)

SITRA SHIPPING AGENCY Ashrafieh, St. Georges Hospital Str. Jesuites Bldg., Bloc 3, 6th Floor P.O.Box 17-5312, Tel.: (01)443443 (10 lines)

METZ SHIPPING AGENCY Head Office: Saifi, Arz Str. Kanafani Bldg., 7th Floor P.O.Box 8958 Tel.: (01)582944/5 Fax: (01)449341

TRANSAS SHIPPING AGENCY S.A.R.L Phenicia Str., Arabia Insurance Co. Bldg., P.O.Box 11-1372, Tel.: (01)368950/960, 368875, 361050/51

MICHEL SEHNAOUI & FILS S.A.L Saifi, Arz Str., Acar Bldg., 2nd Floor P.O.Box 175-013

UNITE MIDDLE EAST SHIPPING CO. S.A.R.L Rmeil Square, Kobayat Str. Liberty Bldg., 6th Floor P.O.Box 166 728 Tel.: (01)580376/398

Tel.: (01)581331, 581334/335, 449552, 449558, 449566 MORCOS HABIB & CO. Kaslik, Acropolis Str., Acropolis Hotel Bldg., 1st Floor P.O.Box 16-7075 Beirut Tel. (09)914116, 914113, 913444 MOURACCADE MAURICE G. & CO.

UNITED NAVIGATION CO. S.A.R.L Charles Helou Blvd., Sehnaoui Bldg., 536

BROAD SURVEY P.O.Box 11-6891, Tel.: (01)581293/94 CIVIL AVIATION Lebanon possesses not one national airline but two, Middle East Airlines (MEA) and Trans - Mediterranean Airways (TMA), the latter being an all freight operation. In 1998 MEA alone carried 38.5 per cent of all passengers.

MIDDLE EAST AIRLINES AIRLIBAN: A.I.B. Str., P.O.Box 206; Tel.: (01) 628888, 629999 TRANS MEDITERRANEAN AIRWAYS SAL: A.I.B., P.O.Box 11-3018, & P.O.Box 30 Beirut 1001 Tel.: (01)820540/550, (01)629210/218, 851433/437

TRADE AND INDUSTRY ORGANIZATIONS CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY American Lebanese Chamber of Commerce: Down Town, Beirut, Tel.: (01)985328/9, Fax: (01)985330/1, Email: [email protected]

BEIRUT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT: The present airport of Beirut is situated at Khalde, to the South of the city, 11 km. from the city centre. The main road to Sidon runs between the airport and the sea. Khalde was opened on 1 July 1950. Its only airborne visitors on opening day were an Air France Constellation and a Lockheed Electra of Pan American. The Installation now developed on the same site presently handles up to 18 aircraft movements an hour; a peak of 175 movements in a single day was reached in July 1974. The present runway layout consists of two main runways of 3,250m. and 3,180m. respectively, both 61m. in width, angled at 40° to each other and intersecting towards the southern end. The terminal buildings, administration offices and hangars are located with... the "V" thus formed - an effectively compact layout for a limited traffic volume.

Beirut Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture: Sanayeh, Spears St., Chamber of Commerce & Industry Bldg., P.O.Box 111801, Beirut; Tel.: (01)744161, 353390/91 Pres. Ghazi KORAITEM German Chamber of Commerce: Riad el Solh, Banks Str., Estephan Bldg., 3rd Fl., Telefax:: (01)985229/30, Email: [email protected], Website: www.dink.lb.com International Chamber of Commerce & Industry: Achrafieh, Georges Haimari Str., Abedel Nour Bldg., 1st Floor, Tel.: (01)200437/8, Fax: (01)321220, E-mail: [email protected]

As air travel has advanced into the second - generation jet age, airline equipment using the airport has been standardized to a large degree. Apart from this standardization of both MEA and TMA, the biggest change has been the reception of the Boeing 747, the original "Jumbo", and the European "Airbus". In terms of navigational and other ground-air and ground equipment, Beirut Airport leaves little to be desired by world standards, and has an excellent safety record. The Civil Aviation Safety Centre situated within the airport perimeter, which is financed jointly by the Lebanese Government and the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), is the foremost training centre for pilots, crews and ground personnel in the Middle East. In 1992, the number of passengers has reached 1,043,520 and in 1995, 1996 the airport handled around 1.7 million Passengers. Execution of works to add two more runways, new buildings and their facilities are under way to develop Beirut's International Airport, to reach a capacity of handling 6 million Passengers.

Sidon Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture: Sidon, Blvd Maarouf Saad, P.O.Box 41 Saida, Tel.: (07)728534/6, 720123 Tripoli Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture: Tripoli, P.O.Box 47 Tripoli, Tel.: (06)425600, 442772/76 Zahle Chamber of Commerce, Industry Agriculture: Zahlé, P.O.Box 100 Zahlé, (08)807375/6, 802077/602

and Tel.:

EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATIONS Association of Lebanese Industrialists: Chamber of Commerce and Industry Bldg., Justinien St., P.O.Box 1520, Beirut, Tel.: (01) 350280 Pres. Fadi ABBOUD

TRADE UNION FEDERATIONS Confédération Générale des Travailleurs du Liban (C.G.T.L.): Corniche Nahr, Near Fiat Co., Beirut, P.O.Box 4381, Tel.: (01)570800/802.. Comprising several

Moreover, most if not all international airlines have returned since 1992 to use Beirut International Airport.. NATIONAL AIRLINES

537

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

EDUCATION federations and unions.

of the Legislature of the State of New York in 1866. The College was to become a leading centre of advanced learning in the Ottoman Empire and, under its later title of the American University in Beirut, has remained Lebanon's most respected and influential university, many of whose alumni have risen to the commanding heights of political and business life in Lebanon and indeed the whole Middle East. Another American foundation now associated with the AUB is International College, originally established at Ismir, Turkey, in 1872 under charter from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and moved to Beirut in 1936 where it functioned alongside the preparatory school of the AUB until becoming fully independent in 1960. 1C remains located adjacent to the AUB campus in RasBeirut, with an additional modern site at Meshref, south of Beirut, and a branch at Ain Aar, and its graduates pass straight to sophomore level at the AUB. Lebanon's other universities are modem foundations, the Lebanese University, founded in 1953 and operated in co-operation with UNESCO being a public sector institution offering free study, and the Arab University of Beirut, established in 1960 as a branch of the Egyptian University of Alexandria, followed by St. Esprit University of Kaslik, Notre Dame University, Haigazian University, University of Balamand, Lebanese American University. Before the Civil war disrupted normal living conditions, notably in Beirut, school attendance and educational facilities had been rising steadily.

Lebanese education had its birth in religious instruction in medieval times, its flowering with the burst of missionary activity in the 19 th century, and reached maturity under the French Mandate. Despite a recognition by the ancient clerics of the value of lay education, no general spread of literacy or advanced knowledge took place before the 19 th century. This was to a large extent due to a scarcity of learning materials, since book printing in Arabic was on a severely limited scale. Few of the Maronite Schools started during the 17th and 18th centuries survived their founders and even at the Maronite and Druze feudal aristocracy alike were often barely literate. In the Main centres, mosque schools continued the tradition of Koran-reading and other Islamic learning to a limited extent. The Maronite church began to re-awaken to the importance of founding educational establishments during the early 19th century, but educational development was begun in earnest by the American protestant missionaries in the 1830s who, along with various English philanthropists, succeeded in establishing by mid-century an important group of Protestant learning centres in an embryonic village school system. The Catholic missionaries followed hard on the heels of the Protestants and largely overshadowed their earlier efforts, the Jesuits being the most active (but with lazarists, Sisters of Charity and others also setting up schools) and by the last quarter of the century the Catholic educational system - by this time heavily influenced by the French had developed into a mature structure. The foundations begun by the different Christian sects spread through the area in each other's shadow and alongside those of the Islamic culture, and remain as distinct as the faiths they reflect. The neo-colonialism of the Mandate grafted French educational principles firmly on to the confessional base and extended the system to make Lebanon the most heavily educationalised region of the Middle East. Government schools are estimated at 1270 and private schools at 1030.

Universities, Cultural Centers And Research Institut Colleges and Lycees AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT (Founded 1866) Bliss Street, P.O.Box 11-0236 Beirut Tel.: (01)340460, 374374, 374444, 350000 Fax: (01)351706 Website: www.aub.edu.lb President: Dr. John Waterbury Provost: Dr. Peter HEALTH Vice-President for Finance: Mr. John BEMSON Vice-president for Development and External Affairs: Mr. Steven JEFFREY Vice President for Administration: Mr. George TOMEY Vice-president for Medical Affairs: Dr. Nadim CORTAS Vice President for Regional External Programs: Dr. Georges NAJJAR Board of Trustees: Chairperson: Dr. Richard A. DEBS Vice Chairpersons: Dr. Ray R. TRANI, Mr. Thomas Q. MORRIS Treasurer: Mr. C. William CARSON

UNIVERSITIES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS Among the most important of the 19th century foundations were the Jesuit Seminary in Ghazir, The College Oriental founded by the Greek Catholics in Zahlé, and two schools in Beirut, the Maronite Ecole de la Sagesse and the Greek Catholic Ecole Patriarcale. The Jesuit Seminary was moved in 1875 to Beirut, and transformed into an Institute of Higher Education, later to become St. Joseph University. The principal memorial to the Protestant efforts was the Syrian protestant College opened in Beirut under the aegis 538

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Secretary of the Cooperation: Mrs. Eileen F.O. CONNOR SAINT JOSEPH UNIVERSITY (Founded 1875) Damascus Street, Beirut, Postal code: 1104-2020 P.O.Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael Tel.: +961-1-426456/7/8/9 Fax: +961-1-423369 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: http: //www.usj.edu.lb Rector of University: Rev. Rene CHAMUSSY, s.j. Rector Emeritus of University: Rev. Jean DUCRUET, s.j. Vice-Rector for Administration of University: Rev. Bruno SION, s.j. Rector Emeritus of University: Rev. Selim ABOU, s.j. Vice-Rector for Research of University: Dr. Mounir CHAMOUN Vice-Rector for Islamic and Arabic Studies, of University: Dr. Ahyaf SINNO Vice-Rector for the International Relations of University: Dr. Antoine HOKAYEM Secretary General of University: Mr. Henri AWIT Delegate for the International Relations of University: Mr. Khalil KARAM Delegate for the Cooperation of University: Mr. Henri GENAUD Dean: Rev. Louis BOISSET Faculty of Medicine Dean: Dr. Fernand DAGHER Faculty of Medicine Dentistry Dean: Mrs. Nada NAAMAN Faculty of Pharmacy Dean: Mrs. Dolía SARKIS Faculty of Nursing Sciences Dean: Mrs. Claire ZABLIT Faculty of Engineering Dean: Dr. Wajdi Najem Faculty of Law and Political Sciences Dean: Dr. Fayez HAGE-CHAHINE Faculty of Economic Sciences Dean by Interim: Dr. Henri AWIT Faculty of Business and Management Dean: Dr. Georges AOUN Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences Dean: Dr. Jarjoura HARDANE Faculty of Sciences Dean: Dr. Toufic RIZK Faculty of Education Sciences Dean: Mrs. Nada MOGHAIZEL NASR Institut d'Etudes Islamo Chrétiennes Director: Rev. Salah ABOU JAOUDE Institut Supérieur de Sciences Religieuses Director: Rev. Fadi DAOU Institut des Techniciens de laboratoire d'analyses médicales Director: Miss Marie-Gabrielle GHORRAHINDI

Institut Supérieur d'orthophonie Director: Dr. Kamal EL-KALLAB Institut de Physiothérapie Director: Mr. Pierre FILFILI Institut de Psychomotricité Director: Mrs. Carla ABI ZEID DAOU Ecole de Sages-femmes Director: Mrs. Nayla DOUGHANE Institut National de la Communication et de l'Information Director: Mr. Hadi SAWAYA Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs d'Agronomie Méditerranéenne Director: Miss Yolla GHORRA Institut de Gestion des Entreprises Director: Mr. Philippe FATTAL Institut de Lettres Orientales Director: Dr. Ahyaf SINNO Institut de Langues et de traduction Director: Dr. Henri AWAISS Institut Libanais d'Educateurs Director: Mrs. Carine ZOHRABIAN Ecole Libanaise de Formation Sociale Director: Miss May HAZAZ Institut d'Etudes Scéniques, Audio-visuelles et Cinématographiques Director: Mr. Paul MATTAR Université pour Tous Director: Dr. Mounir CHAMOUN Institut Supérieur des sciences de l'Assurance Director: Dr. Nady JAZZAR Institut des Sciences Politiques Director: Miss Fadia Kl WAN Centre d'Etudes Bancaires Director: Mrs. Fadwa MANSOUR Institut de Gestion de la Santé et de Protection Sociale Director: Dr. Tobie ZAKHIA Centre de Documentation et de Recherches Arabes Chrétiennes Director: Rev. Samir Khalil SAMIR Centre Universitaire de Santé Familiale et Communautaire Director: Mrs. Hyam KAHI Campus U.S.J. Sciences Médicales Administrator: Mr. Fadi HINDI Campus U.S.J. Sciences Sociales Administrator: Mr. Fadi NICOLAS Campus des Sciences et Technologies Administrator: Mr. Gaby BTERRANY Campus des Sciences Humaines Administrator: Mr. Fouad MAROUN Centre d'Etudes Universitaires du Liban Nord à Tripoli Director: Miss Fadia ALAM Centre d'Etudes Universitaires du Liban Sud à Saida539

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Chancellor: Abbot Elias KHALIFE Rector: Dr. Rev. Antoine AL AHMAR First Vice-Rector: Abbot Paul NAAMAN Vice-Rector for International Relations and for Research: Dr. Rev. Georges HOBEIKA Vice-Rector for Administrative Affairs: Prof. Nagi WAKIM Secretary General: Rev. Pierre BOU ZEIDAN Pontifical Faculty of Theology (Founded 1961) Dean: Dr. Rev. Paul ROUHANA Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences (Founded 1961) Dean: Dr. Rev. Jean AKIKI Faculty of Arts (Founded 1961) Dean: Dr. Tanios NOUJAIM Faculty of Law (Founded 1961) Dean: President Dr. Joseph CHAOUL Faculty of Business Administration and Commercial Sciences (Founded 1966) Dean: Dr. Rev. Georges AZZI Faculty of Music (Founded 1970) Dean: Prof. Rev. Louis HAGE Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts (Founded 1978) Dean: Mr. Alexis MOUKARZEL Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (Founded 1996) Dean: Dr. Leila GEAGEA Faculté des Sciences et de Génie Informatique (Founded 2000) Dean: Prof. Nairn OUAINI Faculty of Medicine (Founded 2001) Dean: Prof. Gedeon MOHASSEB Institute of Liturgy (Founded 1969) Director: Dr. Rev. Ayoub CHAHWAN Institute of History (Founded 1971) Director: Prof. Rev. Karam RIZK Institut Supérieur de Sciences Infirmières (ISSI) (Founded 1999) Director: Dr. Jean-Claude LAHOUD Other Services: Financial Administration Director: Rev. Louis MRAD Central Library Director: Rev. Joseph Moukarzel Orientation Services Director: Mr. Robert KARAM Student Affairs Director: Rev. Antoine TARABAY Press Services Director: Rev. Joseph OBEID University Library Director: Rev. Joseph AZZI Human Resources Director: Mr. Serge OUEISS Information Technology Director: Mr. Elias Abi Jreiche Sport Services

Bramieh Director: Mr. Moustapha ASSAAD Centre d'Etudes Universitaires de Zahlé et de la Békaa Director: Mr. Jean MOURAD Hôtel-Dieu de France Hôpital Universitaire de 1'U.S.J. Director: Mr. Joseph OTAYEK

,,

BEIRUT ARAB UNIVERSITY (Founded 1960) Tariq el-Jadida, Omar Farroukh Street, P.O.Box 115020, Beirut Riad el Solh 1107-2809 Tel: +961-1-300110 Fax: +961-1-818402 E-mail: [email protected]. lb Website: http://www.bau.edu.lb President: Dr. Mostafa Hassan MOSTAFA Secretary General: Issam HOURI Faculty of Arts (Founded 1960) Dean: Dr. Olga Mattar GHAZI Faculty of History (Founded 1960) Dean: Faculty of Law (Founded 1960) Dean: Dr. Hani DOWIDAR Faculty of Commerce & Business Administration (Founded 1961) Dean: Dr. Said ABDEL AZIZ Faculty of Architectural Engineering (Founded 1962) Dean: Dr. Ramadan ABDEL MAKSOUD Faculty of Engineering (Founded 1975) Dean-interim: Dr. Mahmoud EL JAMMAL Faculty of Science (Founded 1976) Acting Dean: Dr. El Sayed Mohamed MANSOUR Faculty of Pharmacy (Founded 1986) Dean: Dr. Fawzi El-YAZBI Faculty of Medicine (Founded 1995) Dean: Dr. Ahmad Nooman SALLAM Faculty of Dentistry (Founded 1995) Dean: Dr. Abdel Aziz FAYED Faculty of Nursing (Founded 2005) Dean-interim: Dr. El Sayed Mohamed MANSOUR UNIVERSITE SAINT-ESPRIT DE KASLIK - USEK (Holy Spirit Univerity of Kaslik) Sarba, Kaslik Street, P.O.Box 446 Junieh - Lebanon, Tel.: +961-9-600000, Fax: +961-9-600100 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.usek.edu.lb Zahlé, Ksare street, Tel.: (08)817111, 817222, Fax: (08)817666. Chekka, El-Rahban street, Tel.: (06)543216, Fax (06)543219. Rmeich, Couvent Notre-Dame de l'Annonciation, Tel.: (07)470470, Fax: (07)471400. (Founded 1951 and recognized by Lebanese Government 1962)

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Director: Mr. Fouad S ALIBA

Dean: Dr. Mohamed ZEAITER Directors: Section I: Dr. Ata JABBOUR Section II: Dr. Charbel KHOURY Faculty of Agriculture - (Tal-Amara) (Founded 1997) Dean: Dr. Moustapha MROUE Faculty of Public Health (Founded 1981) Dean: Dr. Elias CHAMOUN Directors: Section I: Dr. Ghazi BITAR Section II: Dr. Joseph MERADIDES Section III: Dr. Mustafa HELWE Section IV: Dr. Jawad MOUSSAWI Section V: Dr. Mohamed BIZRI Faculty of Medical Sciences (Founded 1982) Dean: Dr. Philippe CHEDID Faculty of Pharmacy (Founded 1993) Dean: Aziz GEAHCHAN Faculty of Tourism and Hostelry (Founded 1997) Dean: Mohamed CHAYA Faculty of Dentistry (Founded 1999) Dean: Dr. Fadia BOU DAGHER Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Saida- (Founded 1996 Decree 8741) Director: Dr. Ali ISMAIL

LEBANESE UNIVERSITY (Founded 1953) Al-Mama Street, Unesco, Beirut. Tel.: (01)426440, 612815/10 Rector: Dr. Zouhair CHAKAR Faculty of Pedagogy Dean: Dr. Abdel Raouf SINNO Directors: Section I: Dr. Issam JAWHARI Section II: Dr. Raymond CHEMALI Faculty of Law, Political and Administration Sciences (Founded 1959) Dean: Dr. Fares KERBAGE Directors: Section I: Dr. Leila AZOURI Section II: Dr. Hazem BENI Section III: Dr. Hussein SALLOUM Section IV: Dr. Mohamed Walid ABDELRAHIM Faculty of Business Administration (Founded 1953) Dean: Dr. Nasrallah NASRALLAH Directors: Section I: Dr. Hussein BADRAN Section II: Dr. Samir TANNOUS Section III: Dr. Nazih RA AD Faculty of Literature and Humanities (Founded 1959) Dean: Dr. Riad KASSEM Directors: Section I: Dr. Hassan MNEIMMEH Section II: Dr. Joseph LABAKI Section III: Dr. Jean JABBOUR Section IV: Dr. Kheir MURR Section V: Dr. George KATTOURA Faculty of Sciences (Founded 1959) Dean: Dr. Ali MNEIMNEH Directors: Section I: Dr. Mahdi HAJJ HASSAN Section II: Dr. Elias GHAWI Section III: Dr. Antoine DEIRI Section IV: Dr. Antoine MASROUA Section V: Dr. Hassan ZEINEDDINE Faculty of Social Sciences (Founded 1961) Dean: Dr. Frederic MAATOUK Directors: Section I: Dr. Zuheir HATTAB Section II: Dr. Ibrahim MAROUN Section III: Dr. Mäher MERHEBI Section IV: Dr. Claire SAAB Section V: Dr. Kamel HAMMOUD Faculty of Fine Arts (Founded 1966) Dean: Eng. Hachem EL AYOUBI Directors: Section I: Dr. Nizar DAHER Section II: Youssef SAKR Section III: Dr. Ranya MAJZOUB Section IV: Dr. Mounir ATALLAH Faculty of Information and Documentation (Founded 1969) Dean: Dr. Georges KATTOURA Directors: Section I: Dr. Ali RAMMAL Section II: Dr. Nessim KFOURY Faculty of Engineering (Founded 1980)

MANAR UNIVERSITY OF TRIPOLI (Founded 1990) Al-Manar Blvd., Abou Samra, P.O.Box 676, Tripoli Tel.: +961-6- 426800/1/2 Fax: +961-6- 426803 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http: //mut.edu.lb President: Dr. Sami MENKARA Assistant to the President: Dr. Adel MOURAD Faculty of Business Administration: Dean: Dr. Adel MOURAD Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology: Dean: Dr. Majed KHODR Faculty of Architecture and Design: Dean: Mr. Muhammad NASRI Faculty of Public Health Dean: Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences: Dean: Faculty of Science: Dean: Faculty of Agricultural Engineering: Dean: NOTRE-DAME UNIVERSITY - NDU - LOUAIZE Zouk Mosbeh, Tel.: (09)218950/1/2 Fax: (09)218771 P.O.Box 72 (Zouk Mikael) http://www, ndu.edu.lb Notre-Dame University NLC - Barsa, Koura, Lebanon

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Tel.: 06-416100/1/2/3 Fax: 06-416103 Notre-Dame University Shouf Campus, Mar Abda, Deir Al Kamar Tel.: 05-511202 Fax:05-511206 President: Rev. Walid MOUSSA Vice-President, Academic Affairs: Dr. Geofrey MILLS Vice-president, Sponsored Research and Development: Dr. Ameen A. RIHANI Director of Administration: Rev. Roger CHICRI Director of Finance: Rev. Samir GHSOUB University Attorney: Mr. Sabah MATAR Presidential Advisor: Rev. Boutros TARABAY Presidential Advisor and Director General of Public Relations: Mr. Suheil MATAR Presidential Academic Advisor for Branches: Dr. Gorges M. EID University Choir: Director: Rev. Khalil RAHME University Chaplain General: Rev. Fadi BOU CHEBEL University Chaplain: Rev. Marwan El-KHOURY, Rev. Salim El-HAJJ External Auditor: Mr. Maroun MOUBARAK President's Office Manager: Mrs. Joyce Chidiac GHOSSAIN University Engineer: Mr. Sam i ZOGHBI Registrar: Mrs. Lea EID Director Student Affairs: Rev. Bechara KHOURY Health Services University Physician: Dr. Elias CHEMALI University Nurse: Mrs. Dolly K. AWAD Director of the University Libraries: Mrs. Leslie ALTER HAGE Faculty of Architecture, Art and Design Dean: Dr. Assaad EID Department of Architecture Chairperson: Department of Design Chairperson: Department of Music Chairperson: Rev. Elias KESERWANI Faculty of Business Administration and Economics Dean: Dr. Elie YACHOUI Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics Chairperson: Department of Management and Marketing Chairperson: Department of Hotel Management and Tourism Chairperson: Faculty of Engineering Dean: Dr. Elias NASSAR Department of Civil Engineering Chairperson: Department of Electrical and Computer and Communication Engineering

Chairperson: Department of Mechanical Engineering Chairperson: Faculty of Humanities Acting Dean: Dr. Carol KFOURY Department of English, Translation and Education Chairperson: Department of Mass Communication Chairperson: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Chairperson: Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Dean: Dr. Youssef EL-HAGE Department of Computer Science: Chairperson: Department of Mathematics and Statistics Chairperson: Department of Sciences Chairperson: Faculty of Political Science, Public Administration and Diplomacy Dean: Dr. Chahine GHAIS Chairperson, Faculty Department: NDU - North Lebanon Campus Director: Rev. Jean BOU CHROUCH NDU - Shouf Campus Director: Rev. Boutros BOU NASSIF Associate Director: Dr. Fouad CHEDID Division of Continuing Education Director: Mr. Edgard BARAKAT UNIVERSITY OF BALAMAND (Founded 1988) P.O.Box 100 - Tripoli - North Lebanon OR P.O.Box 33 - Amioun - Kurah - North Lebanon Tel.: +961-6-930250 / (03)335683 / (03)338679 Fax: +961-6-930278 Email: [email protected] Website: www.balamand.edu.lb President: Dr. Elie A. SALEM Vice-Presidents: Dr. George NAHAS - Dr. Nadim KARAM - Dr. Tali' BACHOUR Academic Libanaise des Beaux Arts Dean: Mr. George HADDAD Assistant Dean: Mr. Georges FIANI Saint John of Damascus Institute of Theology Dean: Dr. Georges NAHAS Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Acting Dean: Dr. Nadim NAIMY Faculty of Business and Management Dean: Dr. Karim NASR Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Sciences Dean: Dr. Michel NAJJAR Faculty of Health Sciences Dean: Dr. Nadim KARAM Faculty of Medicine

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Dean: Dr. Camille NASSAR Office of Admissions & Registration Dean: Dr. Walid MOUBAYED Office of Student Affairs Dean: Dr. Tony Gergess Executive Assistant to the President Directors: Mrs. Itamar Diab, Dr. Hassan Haidar, Mr. Elia Elia Office of Public Relations Directors: Mr. Georges DORLIAN, Mr. Rudolph JABBOUR School of Tourism and Hotel Management Director: Dr. Hamid el-DEBS UOB Libraries Director: Mrs Samira BACHIR Information and Technology Center Director: Mr. Michel HABIB Center for Christian Muslim Studies Director: Rev. Georges MASSOUH Institute of History, Archeology and N.E. heritage Director: Dr. Suad SLIM HAIGAZIAN UNIVERSITY (Established on October 17, 1955 authorized University: (Decree No. 9657 dated 28.12.1998) Campus: Mexique Street, Kantari, P.O.Box 11-1748, Tel.: 349230/31, 353010/11/12 Fax: 353012 Website: www.haigazian.edu.lb President: PAUL HAIDOSTIAN, Ph.D. Faculty of Arts & Sciences: Dean: Arda EKMEKJI, Ph.D. Faculty of Natural Science: Chairperson: Nadim HASSOUN, Ph.D. Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences: Chairperson: Daoud TAWIL, Ph.D. Faculty of Business Administration & Economics: Dean: Fadi ASRAWI, Ph.D.

(Dekwaneh, Mar Roukoz Convent), Tel.: (01) 681455 Dean: Rev. Moussa EL HAJJ Faculty of Theological Science (Dekwaneh, Mar Roukoz Convent), Tel.: (01) 681455 Dean: Rev. Joseph BOU RAAD Director: Rev. Maroun ABI NADER Faculty of Computer and Telecommunication Engineering Dean: Mr. Pierre GEDEON Director: Section II: Abdallah FIKANI Faculty of Nursing Dean: Dr. Gaby MOUKARZEL Director: Miss Antoinette Zouein University Institute of Dental Prosthetics Director: Rev. Raymond HACHEM High Institute of Music Director: Dr. Nidaa ABOU MRAD School of Music Director: Mr. Toufic MAATOUK Institute of Physical Education and Sports Director: Rev. Raymond BECHELANY Department of Language Director: Miss Synthia EID Zahle-Bekaa Campus P.O.Box 73 Zahle Tel.: (08)902020/30/40 Fax: (08)902020 Director of Sanctuary University: Rev. Nejib BAAKLINI

as

LEBANESE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY-LAU(Founded 1996) (Formerly BEIRUT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE) Beirut: Ras-Beirut, Mme Curie Str., P.O.Box 13-5053, Tel.: (01) 811968-786456, 867618/19 Jbeil: Blat-Jbeil, P.O.Box 36 Jbeil, Tel.: (09) 547249/263 (15 lines) Saida: Riad Solh Str., Makassed Bldg., 1st & 2nd Floors, P.O.Box 267 Saida, Tel.: (07) 728724/25/26 President: Dr. YoussefJABRA Vice-President: Dr. Nabil HAIDAR Vice-President for Students Affairs: Dr. Layla NEAMEH Vice-president for Administration & Finance: Mr. Elias BAZ (Beirut) Vice-president for Relations & Development: Mr. James PELOWSKY (Beirut) Director: Mrs. Aida TALHOUK (Beirut) Director: Mr. Samir CONSTANTIN (Jbeil) Faculty of Engineering Dean: Dr. Abdallah SFEIR (Beirut & Jbeil) Faculty of Pharmacy Dean: Dr. Chehadeh NAYFEH (Beirut & Jbeil) Faculty of Arts and Sciences Dean: Dr. Hadia HARB (Beirut) Dean (Acting): Dr. Nouhad AKL (Jbeil)

ANTONINE UNIVERSITY Baabda, Antonine Fathers Ppty. P.O.Box 40016 Baabda Tel.: (05) 924073/74/76/77 Fax: (05) 924075 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.upa.edu.lb Rector of the University: Rev. Antoine RAJEH Member of Trustees: Rev. Louis ROHBAN Vice-Rector for the Cooperation and the Coordination Affairs between the Catholic Universities in Lebanon: Rev. Cezar ACHKAR Secretary General of University: Rev. Fadi FADEL Director of Administration and Finance: Rev. Raymond HACHEM Faculty of Biblic Science and Religion 543

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Faculty of Business Administration Dean: Dr. Tarek MEKDACHI (Beirut) Dean: Dr. Wassim CHAHINE (Jbeil) Dean: Mr. Riad SHAMS (Saida) Faculty of Nursing Dean:

Department of English and Translation Coordinator: Mr. Fadi Hakim BEIRUT ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY (founded 1996) Khalde: Tel.: (05)807711/12/13 President: Faculty of Islamic Theology (founded 1996) Dean: Faculty of Islamic Arts (founded 1996) Dean: Faculty of Applied Sciences (founded 1996) Dean: Higher Judiciary Institute (founded 1996) Director: Institute of Technology (founded 1996) Director:

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -AUST (Founded August 7, 2000) Beirut: Ashrafieh, Alfred Naccash Street P.O.Box 16-6452 Beirut 1100-2130 Tel.: 00 961 1 218716/7, 329980, 339102 Fax: 00 961 1 339302 Zahle: Mouallaka Avenue, P.O.Box 95 Zahle, Tel/Fax: 00 961 8 930894 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.aust.edu.lb President: Dr. Hiam Sakr (Mrs.) Vice-President: Mr. Riad Sakr Provost: Dr. Nabil Haidar Dean of Students and Admissions: Dr. Faisal Nsouli Department of Business Administration Director: Dr. Hussein Hejaze Department of Accounting Coordinator: Mr. Gabriel Paoli Department of Finance Coordinator: Dr. Robert Gharios Department of Hospitality Management Coordinator: Dr. Elie Abou Chedid Department of Management Coordinator: Dr. Ziad Haddad Department of Management Information Systems Coordinator: Mr. Nazareth Nicotian Department of Marketing Coordinator: Dr. Robert Gharios Department of Travel & Tourism Management Coordinator: Dr. Elie Abou Chedid Department of Economics Coordinator: Dr. Bassam Hamdar Department of Computer Science and Computer & Communications Engineering Director: Dr. Ali Hegaze Department of Computer Science Coordinator: Dr. Aziz Barbar Department of Computer & Communications Engineering Director: Dr. Ale Hegaze Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences Director: Dr. Georges Farha Department of Communications Arts Director: Dr. Georges Farha Department of Graphic Design Coordinator: Mrs. Rima Faruqi Department of Interior Design Coordinator: Mrs. Rima Faruqi

ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF LEBANON (Founded 1996) Khaldeh Highway, P.O.Box 30014 Choueifat Tel.: (05)807711, Fax: (05)807719 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iul.edu.lb President: Dr. Hassan CHALABI Faculty of Islamic Sciences and Jurisprudence Dean: Faculty of Tourism Dean: Higher Institute of Management Director: Higher Institute of Languages and Translations Director: Institute of Applied Technology Director: Faculty of Engineering Dean: Faculty of Law Dean: Faculty of Political, Management and Diplomacy Sciences Dean: CENTRE UNIVERSITAIRE DE TECHNOLOGIE DE TRIPOLI - C.U.T. (Founded by Decree No. 9278 dated 5.10.1997) Tripoli, Maarad Str., Abraj Saidi Bldg., Tel.: (03) 343140, +961-6- 405046, 405047 Fax: +961-6- 442642, 405048 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cut.edu.lb President: Mr. Mohamed Kamaleddine SALHAB Secretary General: Mr. Lameh MIKATI Département d'Ingénierie Industrielle et de Maintenance Director: Prof. Gilbert MENGUY Département de Gestion des Entreprises et des 544

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Administrations (GEA) Director: Prof. Gilbert MENGUY Département d'Action Commerciale, Banque Assurance (ACOBA) Director: Mr. Jérôme MAUCOURANT

Homepage: www.uls.edu.lb President: Mgr. Joseph MERHEJ Vice-President: Mgr. Michel AOUN, Mr. Robert FARHAT Secretary General: Dr. Antoine SAAD Faculty of Law Dean: Dr. Maroun BOUSTANI Faculty of Political Science Dean: Rev. Camille MOUBARAK Faculty of Business Administration Dean: Dr. Habib ABOU SAKR Faculty of Theology Dean: Rev. Khalil CHALFOUN

et

ECOLE SUPERIEURE DES AFFAIRES (ESA) (Founded 1996) 289 Clemenceau Street, Kantari Sector P.O.Box 113-7318 Beirut - Lebanon Tel.: 961 1 373373 Fax: 961 1 373374 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.esa.edu.lb Dean and General Manager: Mr. Roger OURSET

LIBRARIES PUBLIC & PRIVATE

CENTRE D'ETUDE ET DE DOCUMENTATION UNIVERSITAIRE, SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE (C.E.D.U.S.T.) Cité Bounnoure, Damascus Street, Tel.: (01)647850/1/2, Beirut Director: Mr. Charles HERVE FAUCON Secretary: Mr. Jean Michel LE PECQ

Alam Library: Beirut, Jal el-Dib, P.O.Box 60068 Antelias, Tel.: (04)711636, 716636, Fax: (04)716222 Alphabet Library: Jounieh, P.O.Box 114 Jounieh, Tel.: (09)913282, 918547 Amis du Livre (Les) Sored SARL: Beirut, Mar Maroun Str., Nahas Bldg., P.O.Box 16-6210 Achrafieh, Tel.: (01)983537/38, Fax: (01)983544 Antoine Library: Beirut, Hamra Str., P.O.Box 11-0656, Tel.: (01)341470/71, Ashrafieh, Istiklal Blvd., Elissar Bldg., Tel.: (01)331811, Sin el-Fil, Tel.: (01)481072, 481078, 483513, Fax: (01)510501, Riad el Solh 1107 2050, Tel.: (01)341470/71 Bekaa Press Library: Zahleh, Tel.: (08)821021, 823586 Books & Pens: Beirut, Near Malik's Bookshop, AUB, P.O.Box 113-5149 Hamra, Tel.: (01)741975, Fax: (01)741976 Boueri Library: Jounieh, Zouk Mikhael, Round About Kaslik, P.O.Box 49, Tel.:(09)210657/660 Dédicacé Library: Beirut, Ashrafieh, St Nicolas Square, Sofil Center, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 175408, Tel.: (01)203033,204154,327795 Embassy Library: Beirut, Ashrafieh, Sioufi Str., Tel.: (01)320119 Express Library: Beirut, Dora Area, Tel.: (01)280566 Fabriano Library: Beirut, Verdun Str., Safieddine Bldg., P.O.Box 3282, Tel.: (01)810159, 807725 Family Bookshop: Beirut, Hamra Str., Rebeiz Bldg., P.O.Box 113-5007,Tel.:(01)345797, 347626, 303210 Farah Library: Beirut, Achrafieh, Sassine Str., Farah Bldg., P.O.Box 16-5367, Tel.: (01)322623, 322965, Fax: (01)200042, Freiha Library: Beirut, Ashrafieh, Sassine Str., P.O.Box 16-5051, Tel.: (01)322853,201740 Hatem Library: Zahleh, Tel.: (08)823035 Help Bookshop: Beirut, Jeanne d'Are Str., Tel.: (01)341672, 341679 Ideal Library: Antelias, P.O.Box 70144, Tel.: (04)412335, 413566, Telefax: (04)412333 International Library: Beirut, Phenicia Str., Ajram Bldg.,

CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES SUR LE MOYEN-ORIENT CONTEMPORAIN (C.E.R.M.O.C.) (founded 1945) Espace Culturel Français, Damascus Street, Tel.: (01) 647850/1/2, Beirut Director: Mr. Jean HANNOYER CENTRE SUPERIEUR D'ETUDES COMMERCIALES (Founded 1959) Damascus Street, Nasra Station, P.O.Box 2949, Tel.: 249154/234894, Beirut, Mkalles, Tel.: (01) 484607, 500393 General Director: Mr. Elie AOUN CENTRE LIBANAIS SUPERIEUR DE FORMATION D'EXPERTS ET DE REVISEURS C.E.R Beirut, Gemayzé, Tel.: (01) 580698 Founder-Administrator: Mr. Jean ABDALLAH ECOLE PIG 1ER POUR LE COMMERCE (Founded in France 1850, in Beirut 1920) Gouraud Street, Andalusia Bldg., P.O.Box 105, Tel.: 443899, 447883, Beirut. Founder-Concessionary: Mr. Joseph TASSO UNIVERSITY OF SAGESSE Furn El-Chebbak (Baabda) Off Elias Hraoui Avenue, Tahwita area Tel.: +961-1-291091 Fax: +961-1-294442 E-mail: [email protected] 545

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Tel.: (01)362511, Clemenceau Str.,Gefinor Center, P.O.Box 11-8018, Tel.: (01)743285/86, Fax: (01)751911, Verdun 730 Center, Tel.: (01)788675/676 Itani Library: Beirut, Verdun Str., Tel.: (01)814409 Jarrous Press Library: Tripoli, Nadim El Jisr Str., Boij Bldg., P.OJBox 189 Tripoli, Tel.: (06)433626 Jounoub Press Library: Saida, Tel.: (07)720554,771478 Kalamus Library: Beirut, Hazmieh, Damascus Str., Mallat Center, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 159 Hazmieh, Tel.: (05)454729, Fax: (05)455207 Sin el-Fil, Tabet Forest, Tel.: (01)490791 Kaslik Press Library: Jounieh, Behind Kaslik University Door, (Architectural Section), Beaino Bldg., Tel.: (09)931982 Kaslik University Library: Jounieh, Kaslik, P.O.Box 446 Jounieh, Tel.: (09)640665 Kerbage Library: Fanar, near Lebanese University, Telefax.: (01)896442, (03) 747620, Email:[email protected] Khoury Library: Dbayeh, near Ste Rita School, Telefax: (04)543506 Lebanon Bookshop: Beirut, 42, Bliss Str., behind A.U.B., P.O.Box 110945, Tel.: (01)373204, Zokak el-Blatt, Tel.: (01)376820/821, Baabdat, Tel.: (04)975804 Librairie du Foyer: Beirut, 2, Mar Maroun Str., Tabaris Square, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 166210, Tel.: (01)983537/38 Librairie El Bourj: Downtown, Al Nahar Bldg., Beirut Central District, P.O.Box 11 533, Beirut, Tel.: (01)973 797,Fax: (01)973 697, Email: [email protected] Librairie Du Coin: Sin El Fil, Jisr el Wati ascent, Jbeily Bldg., near Rony rent a car, Ground floor, P.O.Box 55 275 Sin el Fil, Tel.: (01)484996, (03)881355, Fax: (01)489652, Email: [email protected] Librairie Dagher: Bikfaya, Main Str., Pierre & Joseph prop., Ground floor, Tel.:(04)983499, (04)980780, Fax: (04)983499, Email: [email protected] Librairie Georges Habib: Jbeil, Near Centrale, St Georges Str., main road, Tel.: (09)546886, (03)345222, Fax: (09)546886, Email: [email protected] Librairie Georges Karam: Ain El-Remmaneh, Boueiz & Matar Str., Najjar Bldg., Ground floor, Tel.: (01)282720, (03)544664, Fax: (01)282720 Librairie Habib Habib: Baouchrieh, Mar Takla Str., Abdel Massih center, Ground floor, Tel.: (01)900084, Fax: (01)900084 Librairie du Liban Publishers: Zouk Mosbeh, Sayegh Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11 9232, Tel.: (09)217944, (09)217946, Fax: (09)217734, Email: [email protected] Librairie Moderne: Dbayeh, main road, Wafic El Mallah Bldg., Telefax: (04)544977, (03)211079 Librairie Mondiale: Ain El-Remmaneh, Pierre Gemayel Str., Leon Garabet Bldg., Ground floor, Tel.: (03)668986 Librairie AI Sahel: Haret Hreik, main road, Next to Municipality, Mehdeh Bldg., Ground Floor, Tel.: (01)273787, (03)856565, Fax: (01)272287 Malik's Book Shop: Beirut, Bliss Str., Near AUB Main

Gate, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 113-5149 Hamra, Tel.(01)741975 (5lines). Fax: (01)741976 Michel Library: Bikfaya, Bikfaya Square, P.O.Box 43 Bikfaya, Tel.: (04)980499, Fax: (04)981831 Murr Library: Jounieh, Zouk Mikhael, P.O.Box 1526 Beirut, Tel. (09)216543/44, Beirut,Fax: (09)216549 Naufal Librairie: Zouk Mikhael, Lazaristes Str., Naufal Bldg., Ground Floor, Telefax: (09)210038, (03)714666 Nour Library: Beirut, Mazraa, Tel.: (01)307492 Oriental Library: Beirut, Ashrafieh, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 1986 Beirut, Tel.: (01)200875,217364, Sin el Fil, Jisr el Wati, P.O.Box 55206 Beirut, Tel.: (01)485793, Fax: (01)485796, Hamra, Tel.: (01)736524 Phenicie (La) Library: Beirut, Fum el-Chebback, Catafago Str., Torbey Bldg., P.O.Box 50291 FurnelChebback,Tel.:(01)389428,389429, Fax(01)399498, Sin el Fil, Tel.: (01)511618, Fax: (01)511619 Point (Le) Library: Jdeideh, Blvd Sin el Fil, P.O.Box 90562 Jdeideh, Tel.: (01)898885 Press (La) Library: Jounieh, Main Str., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 600 Jounieh, Tel.: (09)910499, 832010, Fax: (09)210660 Ríndala Library: Beirut, Souk Zalka, Amaret Chalhoub, Haroun Center, Tel.: (01)895141 Romance Library: Beirut, Ashrafieh, Orthodoxe Hospital Str., Tel.: (01)442239, Badaro Str., Tel.: (01)382819, 382812 Roseraie (La) Library: Beirut, Baouchrieh, Ste. Rita Center, near Sabtieh, Tel.: (01)692438 Samir Library: Beirut, Gemmayzeh, P.O.Box 175-132. Tel.: (01)446085, 448181, 448799, Ain el-Remmaneh, Matar & Boueiz Str., Tel.: 282720, 283641, Sin el-Fil, (01)489464/7/8,481542, Fax: 482541 Select Library: Beirut, Mar Elias Str., Tel.: 313407. Jbeil, Tel.: (09)941588, Tripoli Tel.: (06)624003 Selection Library: Beirut, Badaro Str., Younes Bldg., P.O.Box 116-5267 Tel.: (01)381111, 383010,394343 Sored Library: Beirut, Mar Maroun Str., Nahas Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 16-6210 Ashrafieh, Tel.: (01)983537/38, Fax: (01)983544 Star Stationers Library: Beirut, 228, Makdissi Str., Matta Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 113-5074 Beirut, Tel.: (01)354848, 354949, Fax: (01)354747, Gemmayzeh, Gouraud Str., Tel.: (01)445391 Stephan Library: Beirut, Furn el-Chebback, Damascus Str., Khazal Bldg., P.O.Box 50165 T e l . : (01)291686/688,283732, Fax: (01)291563 St Michel Library: Antelias, Tel.: (04)416535 St Nicolas Library: Beirut, Ashrafieh, Tueni Str., Azar Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-0325 Beirut, Tel.: (01)321626, 215936, Fax: (01)200150 St Paul Library: Beirut, Ashrafieh, P.O.Box 11-4459 Beirut, Tel.: (01)444973,448806, 449801, Jounieh, St. Paul Str., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 125 Jounieh, Tel.: (09)911561,933052 Uncle Sam's Bookshop: Beirut, Jeanne d'Are Str., Ras-Beirut, Tel.: (01)344236, 343378,344346

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Universal Library: Jounieh, Adem Bldg., P.O.Box 261, Tel.: (09)932047. Verdun Library: Beirut, Verdun Str., Tel.: (01)806183, 812451 Way Inn Library: Beirut, Hamra Str., Safieddine Bldg., P.O.Box 113-6991 Tel.: (01)753665 345856, A.I.B, Tel.: (01)220500, Ext. 769 Zeydanieh Library: Beirut, Zeydanieh Str., Tel.: (01)737542

Wax Museum: Founded in 1967. Byblos, Mina District, Tel.: (09)540463, Jbeil. THE GIBRAN MUSEUM According to his wishes, Gibran Khalil Gibran was buried in the ancient monastery of Mar Sarkis in Bisharri - a monastery whose foundations are built deep into the rocky slopes of a hillside that overlooks the Qadisha Valley, enveloped in silence and beauty. It is here in this same monastery that the Gibran Museum has been set up for official inauguration in 1981. The museum was designed by Gibran Committee consultant Farid Salman, and the work carried out by French engineer Henri Gaboriaud with the technical collaboration of London's British Museum and the Musée du Louvre in Paris. Work on the Gibran Museum was begun in 1972, and the official opening by french writer André Malraux was to have been in 1975. The death of the latter and the events in Lebanon led to a postponement to a more auspicious date. Some six hundred of Gibran's oil - paintings, drawings, and gouaches are housed in the cells of the monastery, along with a large number of manuscripts and other relics collected by Mary Haskell and bequeathed to the town of Bisharri. The writer's ashes lie in a cell furnished with objects he particularly cherished, including a very fine Armenian tapestry dating from the 12th Century which Gibran loved especially for its depiction of Christ on the Cross, smiling. There is no need for a guide to visit the Gibran Museum. To the background music of the oriental flute, the "nay", the visit or has only to press a button to receive an explanation recorded in the language of his choice (Arabic, French, English, or Spanish). These explanations are often accompanied by quotations from the works of the author of "The Prophet". A small section has been set aside for an audio-visual display that includes a 45-second film sequence of Gibran smoking a cigarette - the only film record existing of this great man. (1) On April 10th 1931 one of the great men of Arts and Letters, the Lebanese Gibran Khalil Gibran, died in New York, a universal visionary and one of the pioneers of the

MUSEUMS Abou Jaoude Michel Museum: Zalka, Tel.: (04)891011 American University: Museum: Founded in 1868. Bliss Street, Ras Beirut, Tel.: (01)340740, Beirut. Basbous Museum: Founded in 1957. Rashana,Tel.: (06)640111, Batroun. Proprietors: Basbous Brothers. Bayteddine Museum: Founded in 1951. Tel.: (05) 500078, Bayteddine. Children Education Museum: Beirut, Downtown, Tel.: (01)980650. Cilicia Museum: Antelias, Tel.: (04) 523461. Fine Arts Museum: Founded in 1937. P.O.Box 3939, Beirut. Gibran Khalil Gibrane Museum: Founded in 1931. Bsharreh, North Lebanon. Tel.: (06) 671137 Marie Baz Museum: Deir El Kamar, Tel.: (05)512777, (03)756000 National Museum: Founded in 1920. Damascus Street, Tel.: (01) 426703, Beirut. Pharaon Museum: Founded in 1920. Palais Pharaon, Army road Tel.: (01)976080, Beirut. Salhab Museum: Roumieh, tel.: (04)865419 Sursock Museum: Founded in 1959. Greek Orthodox Arcbishopric Street, Achrafieh, Tel.:(0I)334133, 201892 Beirut.

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THE PRESS The Lebanese Press is really worthy of the descendants of the Phoenicians who invented the alphabet. It is characterized by its number, its liberty of expression, its diversity and its informative value. As far as number and variety are concerned, for a small country of 3 million people only, many newspapers, magazines in Arabic, English, French and Armenian are printed, distributed and read. As far as freedom of expression is concerned, it is guaranteed within the limits of the law, by article 13 of the Constitution. If you want to know what is really going on in a particular Arab country, you should read the Lebanese Press or better come to Lebanon and hear what is being said or discussed in Clubs or Circles. Thanks to its Press, Lebanon has become the "Sounding Box" of the whole Arab world. Beirut has become the most important base for foreign correspondents covering the Middle East.

Arabic; Independent; Publisher and Editor in-Chief Ghassan Tueni. An-Nida': Mazraa, Saliba Street, Ghandour Bldg., P.O.Box 4744, Tel.: (01)307775,739615/617, f. 1958, Arabic; Published by the Lebanese Communist Party; circ. 5,000 approx. An-Nidal: Pierre Gemayel Street, P.O.Box 1354, Tel.: (01)282596, f. 1939, Arabic. Ararad: River Street, Near Mikhael, Elias Nader Bldg., P.O.Box 175-275, Tel.: (01)565599, f. 1937, Armenian Communist, circ. 3,000 approx. editor Hnchakian Party, Aharoun Shekerdemian. As-Safir: Mneimneh Street, Makki Bldg., P.O.Box 1135015 Tel.: (01)350081/2, (01)743601/5, f. 1974, Arabic. Aztag: Bourj-Hammoud, P.O.Box 80860, Tel.: (01)260115, 258526, 241274, Fax: (01)258529 f. 1926, Armenian, circ. 5,000 approx. Az-Zamane: Badaro Street, P.O.Box 6060, Tel.: (01)384652, Arabic. Beirut al-Massa: Mazraa, Tel.: (01)306761, 300856, Arabic. The Daily Star: Gemmayzeh, Ste. Famille Str., Marine Tower, 6th Floor, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 11-987, Tel.: (01)587277, Fax: (01)561333, f. 1952, English. IIa Al Amam: Mazraa, Tel.: (01)816362, 816374, Arabic. Kifah al Arabi: Raouche, Shams Bldg., 6th Floor, P.O.Box 113-5248, Tel.: (01)809300/301, Fax: 808280, 809281, f. 1958, Arabic. Nida al Watan: Achrafieh, Sassine Square, P.O.Box 166900, Tel.: (01)202584/85, Fax: 644046, f. 1937, Arabic. L'Orient-Le Jour: Banque du Liban Street, Cooperative de Presse Bldg., P.O.Box 2488, Tel.: (01)340560, Fax: (01)353128, and P.O.Box 166495 (Achrafieh), Tel.:, (01)561406, Fax: 561412, f. 1924. (L'ORIENT) and 1966 (LE JOUR) and (L'ORIENT-LE JOUR). French, Independent, circ. 22,000 approx. Publisher Société Generate de Presse et d'Edition SAL, General Manager: Camille Menassa, Chief Editors: Issa Goraib, Dir.: Amine Abou Khaled. Sadal Janoub: Seifeddine al-Khatib Street, Nasra, Fakhreddine Bldg., Tel.: (01)615070, f. 1937, Arabic. Sada Lubnan: Wardieh, Union de Paris Bldg., P.O.Box 7884, Tel.: (01)367440/41, Arabic. Saout al-Adaiah: Hamad Street, Tel.: (01)344398, Arabic. Saout el-Ourouba: Seif-ed-Dine Street, Sabah Bldg., P.O.Box 11-3537, Tel.:(01)656754, 656765, Arabic. Syassa: Hamra, Makdessi Street, Telefax: (01)350110, Arabic. Zartonk: Nahr Ibrahim Street, Takeyan Center, P.O.Box 110-617, Tel.: (01)566709, f. 1937, Armenian; Official Organ of the Armenian Liberal Democratic Party; Editor: P. Toumassian.

DAILIES Ach-Chaab: Basta Street, Sanaallah Bldg., P.O.Box 5140, Tel.: (01)654991/980, f. 1961, Arabic; Ach-Charq: Verdun Street, Assaf Centre, P.O.Box 838, Tel.: (01)810820/22, f. 1926, Arabic; Al-Anba': Indépendance Ave., P.O.Box 955 & 2893, Telefax: (01)309123, f. 1948. Arabic. Progressive Socialist Party. AI-Anwar: Dar as-Sayad SAL, Freiha Bldg., Hazmieh, P.O.Box 1038 and 918 (Beirut), Tel.: (05)456373/4, 457261/2, Fax: (05)452700, f. 1959, Arabic; circ. 70,000 approx; editor Issam Freiha. Al-Asr: Sin el-Fil, Tel.: (01)480850/3, Arabic. Al-Bairaq: Achrafieh, Issa el-Maalouf Street, P.O.Box 165612, Tel.: (01)200960, 200962, f. 1911, Arabic; circ. 3,000 approx; Pubi. Soc. pr. le Dev. de la Presse; editor Melhem Karam. Al-Diyar: Dar al Nahda SARL, Yarze, Main Road, Tel.: (05)923830/35, Fax: (05)923771/73, f. 1988, Arabie. Al-Hadaf: Corniche Mazraa, Kamal Abdallah Mroueh Bldg., P.O.Box 11-0212, Tel.: (01)309230/31, f. 1969, Arabie. Al-Hadith: R. Jounieh, Facing Horizon Beach, Ground Floor, Telefax: (09)931831, 936767, (03)343807, f. 1927, Arabic. Al-Hayat: Beirut, Riad el Solh, P.O.Box 11-1242, Tel.: (01)987990/1, f. 1946, Arabic. Al-Liwa1: Zeidanieh, Independence Str., Saradar Bldg., 2nd & 3rd Floors, P.O.Box 11-2402, Tel. (01)735743/45, f. 1970, Arabic. Al-Rasmale: Hamra, Talaat Abou Taleb, Kuwait Str., Facing Coop, Barakeh Bldg., 7th Floor, P.O.Box 11124, Tel.: (01)736115, Arabic An-Nahar: Place des Martyrs, Nahar Bldg., P.O.Box 110226, Tel.: (01)994888, Fax: (01)996777, f. 1933, 548

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WEEKLIES - PERIODICALS

Bldg., P.O.Box 13-5250, Tel.: (01)817117 (8 lines), 817870, Arabic. Allo: Comiche el Nahr, Groupe Plus bldg., 2nd fl., P.O.Box 17 5662, Telefax: (01)584006/07, (01)448218, (03)323298. Alwan: Corniche Mazraa/Mousseitbeh, Kesrouani Bldg., P.O.Box 14-5288, Tel.: (01)316821, 817568, Fax: 308394, Editor-in-Chief Merhi Abdallah, Arabic. Al -Waseet: Tayounneh roundabout, Bou Khater Bidg., Gf„ Ρ.Ο,Βοχ: 116 5302 Tel.:(01)392222, (03)223218, Fax.: (01)388883, (01)391219. Amwaj Magazine: Mazraa, Iben El Kassis Str., Commercial Beirut Center, 4th Floor, P.O.Box 145517, Telefax: (05)437362, (03)371903, Arabic. Arab Ad: Achrafieh, Sursock Str., Nakhle Bldg., 3rd Floor, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 55331, Tel.: (01)204662, 201858, Fax: 201857, English. Arab Defence Journal: P.O.Box 1038 & 918, Tel.: (05)456373, Fax: 452700, Arabic. Ashtar Magazine: Jounieh/Adonis, P.O.Box 883 Jounieh, Tel.: (09)217457, 916063, Arabic. As-Sayad: Hazmieh, Hazmieh Square, Freiha Bldg., P.O.Box 1038 & 918 (Beirut), Tel.: (05)456373, 457261, Fax: 452700, Arabic. Assinaa Wal Iktissad: Emir Omar Str., Clemenceau, Tasbahji Bldg., P.O.Box 13-5838, Tel.: (01)370452, Fax: 370602 Business-Men: Clémenceau Street, Tel.: (01)740972, 741060, English. Cedar Wings: Achrafieh, Sodeco, Nasra Str., Saab Bldg., 3rd Floor, P.O.Box 11/99, Telefax: (01)611784/85/86, (03)230166, Arabic, English, French. Le Commerce du Levant: Kantari, Kantari Commercial Center, Bemo Bank Bldg., 11th Floor, P.O.Box 119748, Tel.: (01)362361, Fax901)360379, f. 1929. Doctor Magazine: Verdun, Assaf Center, P.O.Box 838, Tel.: (01)810820/21, Arabic. The Economist: Mazraa, Tel.: (01)319940, English. Environment & Development: Bechara el Khoury, Echmoun Bldg., 2nd Floor, P.O.Box 113-5474, Tel.: (01)321800, Fax: (01)321900, Arabic, English. Fayruz: Hazmieh, Hazmieh Square, P.O.Box 1038 & 918 (Beirut), Tel.: (05)456373, 452700, Arabic. Femme: Les Editions Orientales S.A.L., Sursock Str., Sayegh Bldg., P.O.Box 1404, (01)202070.. Hadaya: Achrafieh, St. Pierre & Paul Street, Tel.: 335908, Arabic. Hitek: Hazmieh, Karam Bldg., Near sea Sweet, 3rd Floor, P.O.Box: 11 5605, Tel.: (05)450212, (03)214215, Fax: 455477, English. Kifah AI-Arabi: Raouche, Shams bldg., 6th fl., P.O.Box: 113 5248, Tel.: (01)809300/01, Fax.: (01)808280/1. Kol Ousbouh: Achrafieh, St. Nicolas Street, Tel.: (01)337794, Arabic. Lamasat: Baouchrieh, Near New City Supermarket, Hajj center, 5th fl., P.O.Box: 16-6686 Ashrafieh 1100-

Ach-Chabaka: Hazmieh, Hazmieh Square, P.O.Box 1038 & 918 (Beirut), Tel.: (05)452700, 450933, Arabic. Alam Atijarat: Hamra Street, Strand Bldg., 4th Floor, Telefax: (01)340455, Arabic. AI-Afkar: Clemenceau Str., Tajer Bldg., P.O.Box 145154, Tel.: (01)370078, 373674, Arabic. Al-Balagh: Mazraa, Makassed Bldg., P.O.Box 820, Tel.: (01)300598, Arabic. Al-Bayan: Badaro, Sami Solh Str., Rahal Bldg., 6th Floor, P.O.Box 11-1510, Tel.: (01)396805/809, Fax: 396417, Arabic. Al-Bouhouss: Achrafieh, Geitawi, P.O.Box 165598, Tel.: (01)570720/21,Arabic. Al-Computer; Communications & Electronics: Dar asSayad S.A.L., Hazmieh, Freiha Bldg., P.O.Box 1038 & 918, Tel.: (05)456373/4, 457261, Fax: 452700, Arabic. Al-Fardaous: Hamra, Antoun Gemayel Street, Tel.: (01)349797, 345542/43, Arabic. Al-Fares: Hazmieh, Dar As Sayad, P.O.Box 1038 & 918, Tel.: (05)456373/4, 457261/2, Fax: 452700, Arabic. Al-Handasah: Hazmieh, 298 (Hazmieh), Tel.: (05)459898, 451895, Fax: 459099, Arabic. Al-Haraka al-Iktissadia: Sarba, Tel.: 09-912370, Arabic. Al-Hasna'a Magazine: Ras Beirut, Mme Curie Str., Sheryline Center, 8th Floor, P.O.Box 113-6194, Tel.: (01)780202/203, Fax: 791305/6, Arabic. Al-Hawadess: Achrafieh, Issa Maalouf Str.,, P.O.Box 165612, Tel.: (01)338929, Fax: (01)338928, Arabic. Al-Idari: Hazmieh, Hazmieh Square, P.O.Box 1038 & 918 (Beirut), Tel.: (05)452700,457261, Arabic. Al Iktissad Al Loubnani wal Arabi: Sanayeh, Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Tel.: (01)353390/91/92, Fax: (01)353395, Arabic, French, English. Al-Iktissad wal Aamal: Mme Curie Street, Minkara Bldg., P.O.Box 113-6194, Tel.: (01)353577/78, Fax: (01)352463 Arabic. Al-Iktissadia: Badaro, Tel.: (01)380150/51, Arabic. Al Imar wal Iktissad: Hamra, Wardieh, Roma Str., Mountada Bldg., P.O.Box 113-6517, Tel.: (01)371452, Fax: (01)360649, Arabic. Al-Jaish: Yarzeh, Army Headquarters, Tel.: (05)452400, 428800, (01)587421, Fax: (01)424104. Al-Jarass: Ashrafieh, Najjar Bldg., 4th fl., Tel.: (01)334466, 329090, (03)747475, Fax.: (01)337272. AI-Massaref: Mme Curie Street, Tel. (01)811103/104, Arabic. AI-Massirah S.A.L. / Al Najwah: Zouk Mikael, Al Massirah Bldg., 2nd & 3rd Floors, P.O.Box 175528, Tel.: (09)211827, 210997, Fax: (09)211815, Arabic. Al-Mawkef: Borj Abi Hai-dar, Tel.: (01)312247, Arabic. Al-Musafer: Hamra, Lyon Street, Tel.: (01)341146, 345526, Arabic. Al-Shiraa: Mousseitbeh, Daoud Abou Chacra Str., Shiraa 549

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

2150 , tel.: (01)874350/1/2, (03)203244, Fax: (01)874353. Layalina: Tayouneh, Bou khater bldg., 5th fL, Tel.: (01)383815, Fax: (01)383845 Lebanon Opportunities: Infopro Management SARL, Emile Edde Str., Hamra, Salem Bldg., 2nd Floor, P.O.Box 11-4355, Tel.: (01)739777, Fax: 749090, English. Magazine: Achrafieh, Sursock Street, Sayegh Bldg., 7th Floor, P.O.Box 1404, Tel.: (01)202070,331200, French, Published by the Editions Orientales. Meshwar: Sakiet al-Janzir, Tel.: (01)813700/701, Arabic. Mondanité: Saifi, Voix du Liban bldg., 8th fi., Telefax: (01)320409/10 Monday Morning: Achrafieh/Sioufi, Issa Maalouf Str., P.O.Box 165012, Tel.: (01)200960, 200962, English, Editor Melhem Karam. Nadine: Al Shark Publishing and Printing SAL, Verdun, Assaf Center, 1st Floor, P.O.Box 838, Tel.: (01)860456/ 57, 810820/821, Fax: (01)866105, Arabic. Noun: Ashrafieh, Accaoui, Media center II, 2nd fl., Tel.: (01)561682/692, (03)341669, Fax: (01)565273 L'Orient-Express: Société Générale de Presse et d'Edition, Achrafieh, Accaoui, Media Center, P.O.Box 166495, Tel.: (01)561406/7/9, Fax: 561412, French. Ousbouh al-Arabi: Achrafieh, Sursock Street, Sayegh Bldg., 7th Floor, P.O.Box 1404, Tel.: (01)202070, 331200, Arabic. Poultry Middle East & North Africa: MEAP/Middle East Agriculture Publishers SARL, Zalka, Cite Moussa, Bloc A, 7th Floor, Telefax: (01)896478, 897259, Arabic, English. Prestige International: NPI SARL, Beit Mery, Nadim Bldg., P.O.Box 50055 (Beirut), Tel.: (04)872601/5, Fax: 872606, English. La Revue du Liban: Achrafieh, Sioufi, Issa el-Maalouf Street, P.O.Box: 165612, Tel.: (01)200960, Fax: (01)200964, editor Melhem Karam, French. La Revue Flash: Achrafieh, J. Sfeir Bldg., P.O.Box 165252, Telefax: (01)322732, French. Sahar: Hazmieh, Hazmieh Square, P.O.Box: 1038 & 918 (Beirut), Tel.: (05)456373, 452700, Arabic. Samar: Hazmieh, Hazmieh Square, P.O.Box 1038 & 918 (Beirut), Tel.: (05)456373, 452700, Arabic. Samer: Raouche, Tel.: (01)808280, Arabic. Scoop: Dekwaneh, Chouery Bldg., 3rd Floor, P.O.Box 55297 (Sin el-Fil), Tel.: (01)496484, 498802, French. Snob Al Hasna: Hamra, Mneimneh Str., Hashem Bldg., 5th Floor, P.O.Box 6222 113, Tel: (01)346801/803, Fax: (01)346800 Sport Auto: Barson Publications Ltd. SARL, Hamra, Sadat Str., Khaled Abdallah Bldg., 3rd Floor, P.O.Box 113-5358, Tel.: (01)740573/7, 742726/8, Fax: 746457, Arabic. Tabiboka: Achrafieh, Trabaud Str., Maamari Bldg., 6th

Floor, Telefax: (01)202369, Arabic. Wafa'a Magazine: Corniche el Mazraa, Colombia center, Block A, 7th floor, P.O.Box: 14 6212, Tel.: (01)303342. Yasmine: Hamra, Commodore Street, Tel.: (01)351805, Arabic.

PRESS ASSOCIATION Lebanese Press Syndicate: P.O.Box 3084, Beirut; Telefax.: (01)865516,f. 1911. PUBLISHING HOUSES Alam el-Koutob: Bourj Abi-Haydar, Ibn Khaldoun Str., Imane Bldg., Telefax: (01)315142, P.O.Box 8723 Beirut. All Prints Distributors & Publishers: Jeanne d'Are Str., Wahad Bid., P.O.Box 8375, Tel.: (01)344236, 350722 Al-Shark Printing & Publishing Est. SAL: Verdun Str. Assaf Center, Tel.: (01)860456/57, Fax: 866105, 810820/2, P.O.Box 838 Beirut, f. 1979. Al-Talia Publishing Co. SAL: Msaytbeh Str., Bustan Bldg., Tel.: (01)314659, Fax: (01) 309470, P.O.Box 11-1813 Beirut. Anis Commercial Printing Press: Achrafieh, Basement 2, Sagesse Bldg., P.O.Box 11-2560, Tel. (01)561512/13, Fax: 561510,f. 1957. ARAB CULTURAL CENTER:

Hamra,

Jean

d'Aie

str.,

Makdessi bldg., 3rd fl., P.O.Box: 113 5158, Tel.: (01)352826, (01)750507, Fax: (01)343701. Arab Printing Press: Bauchrieh, Industrial City, Arab Printing Press bldg., P.O.Box: 90 252 Jdeideh, Tel.: (01)m497393, (01)499740, Fax: (01)497104. Arab Production International (API Co.LTD): Clemenceau, facing Jounblat Villa, Daouk bldg., Gf., Tel.: (01)375330, Fax: (01)375331. Arab Scientific Publishers: Ain el Tineh, Sakiet el Janzir str., Al Rim bldg., Office No.5, P.O.Box: 13 5574 Shouran, Tel.:(01)806147, (01)786233, (01)785107/108, (03)223227, Fax: (01)786230. Bacharia SARL: Zouk Mikael, Mir Str., Bacharia Bldg., P.O.Box 840 (Jounieh), Tel.: (09)213998, Branche: Bcharreh, Tel.: (06)671477, f. 1984. Barson Publications Ltd.: Hamra, Sadat Str., Khaled Abdallah Bldg., 3rd Floor, P.O.Box 113-5358, Tel.: (01)742726/8, Fax: 746457, f. 1979. Beit el-Hikma: Achrafieh, Furn el-Hayek Str., Massabni Bldg, Tel.: (01)328956, Fax: (01)320478, P.O.Box 16-5954 Beirut. Centre de Culture Moderne: Ashrafieh, Geitawi, Hbeich str., CCM bldg, P.O.Box: 1001 2070/165 808, Tel.: (01)448000/01, (03)633220, Fax: (01)560760. . Centre d'Edition et de Diffusion du Livre (Université Saint Esprit Kaslik (C.E.D.L.U.S.E.K.): Kaslik 550

BROAD SURVEY

Area, Université Saint Esprit Bldg., Tel.: (09) 640664/5, P.O.Box 446 Jounieh. Centre de Recherches et de Développement Pédagogiques: Dekwaneh, Tel.: (01)683088/89/90, P.O.Box 55264 (Sin el Fil), Beirut, Branch: Sin el-Fil, Tel.: 485930/31, Fax: (01)485232/3. Centre de Recherches et de Publication: Zouk Mosbeh, Highway, FM bldg., 1st fi., Tel.: (09)210929/932, (03)720068, Fax: (09)223703. Centre for Arab Unity Studies: Hamra, Lyon Str., Sadat Tower, Tel.: (01)801587, Fax: (01)865548, P.O.Box 113-6001 Beirut. Chatila Publishing House: Hamra, Commodore Str., Badr Chatila Bldg., 2nd Floor, P.O.Box 13-5121, Tel.: (01)352413, (01)746869, Fax: 802950, f. 1977. Dar al-Abjadiya: Sarba, Mar Gergis el Qadim Str., Antoine Khoueiry Bldg., Telefax: (09) 933111, P.O.Box 421, Jounieh. Dar al-Adab: Sakiet el Jenzir, after old Libancell bldg., Bahyoum bldg., 3rd fl., P.O.Box: 11 4553, Telefax: (01)861633, (01)795135, (03)861632. Dar al-Andaloss: Verdun, Ráchid Karame Str., Malas bldg., 2nd fl., P.O.Box 11-4553 Beirut Tel.: (01)866618/9, 862660, Fax: (01)866067. Dar al-Bachaer al Islamiyah: Tarik el Jdideh, Hakla Bldg.,4th fl., P.O.Box: 14 5955, Tel.: (01)702857, (03)237346, Fax: (01)704963. Dar al-Balagha: Haret Hreik, Roueiss, main road, Fawaz bldg., 1st fl., P.O.Box: 16 25 Ghbeiri, Tel.: (01)544336, 546787, (03)280320, Fax: (01)544334. Dar al-Bilad: Tripoli, Khaled Ibn el-Walid Str., al-Awqaf el-Islamia Bldg., P.O.Box 90 Tripoli, Telefax: (06)441164, Fax: (06)435252. Dar al Bouraq: Tallet el Khayat, behind Dar al Fatwa, Al Taawon bldg., P.O.Box: 13 5384, Tel.: (01)788059, (03)812169, Fax: (01)788059. Dar al-Chimal: Tripoli, Becharra el khoury blvd., Bahas, P.O.box 57 Tripoli, Telefax.: (06)411611/311. Dar al-Faracha: Airoport road, Zaarour ctr., 1st fl., P.O.Box: 11 8254, Telefax: (01)450950, (03)628414. Dar al-Fekr: Haret Hreik, Abdel-Nour Str., Dar el Fekr bldg., P.O.Box 11- 7061 Beirut, Tel.: (01)559900/1/2/3, (03)888856, Fax: 559904. Dar al-Fekr al Arabi: Borj Abi Haidar, Comiche Salim Slam, behind Telco, Al Chourouk bldg., 1st fl., P.O.Box: 14 5070 Mazraa, Tel.: (01)311114/5, Fax: (01)313736. Dar al-Fekr el-Hadith: Msaytbeh, Mar Elias Str., Salem Jabri Bldg., Tel.: (01)559900/903, P.O.Box 11-7061 Beirut. Dar al-Fekr al-Lobnani: Ras el Nabeh, Bechara elKhoury Str., Tamara Bldg., P.O.Box 11-4699 Beirut, Tel.: (01)644416, 631002, (03)780974, Fax: 630757. Dar al-Founoun: Chyah, Maawad Str., Cheaito Bldg., P.O.Box: 11-3567, Beirut, Tel.: (01) 282128, 280326, (03)341734, Fax: (01)282800.

Dar al-Hada'ek: Ghbeiri, Middle East Bldg., 6th Fl., P.O.Box: 216 25, Tel.: (01)840389, 821679, (03)943828, Fax: (01)840390. Dar al-Hadatha: Haret Hreik, Adaime Str., Helmi Oueidat Bldg., Gf, P.O.Box 14-5636 Beirut and Haret Hreik, Telefax: (01)555291, (03)860864, 259190. Dar al-Hadi: Roueiss Str., Fawaz Bldg., 1st Fl., P.O.Box: (01)550487, (03)896329, Fax: (01)541199. Dar al-Hani: Comiche el Mazraa, main road, near Pharmacy Mäzen, Al Sanaubra Bldg., Gf., P.O.Box: 14 5081, Tel.: (01)818339, Fax: (01)818338. Dar al-Um Lil Malayine: Mar Elias Str., Meteo Center, 2nd fl., P.O.Box 1085, Telefax: (01)306655/66, (03)259693, Fax: (01)701657. Dar al Inchaa: Tripoli, Koura Sqr., Hassan Chahhal Bldg., P.O.Box: 242 Tripoli, Tel.: (06) 624124, (03)963370. Dar al-Islah el-Ijtimai: Msaytbeh, Tel.: (01)817556, 310197 Beirut. Dar al-Islamiya: Haret Hreik, Daccache Str., facing Lycee Amicale Moderne, Gf., P.O.Box: 19 5680, Telefax: (01)553863, (03)389166. Dar al Jadeed: Sanayeh, Spears Str., Al Ittihad al Watani Bldg., 5th fl., P.O.Box: 11 5222, Telefax: (01)739850. Dar al-Jamiyah: Afif Tibi Str., Baalbaki Bldg., Tel.: (01)818771, 316366, P.O.Box 9333 Beirut. Dar al-Jil: Sabtieh, Ferdaous Str., Chael Bldg., P.O.Box: 11 8737, Tel.: (01)689950/1/2, Fax: (01)689953. Dar al Kitab al Arabi: Verdun, Byblos Bank bldg., 8th Fl., P.O.Box: 11 5769 Beirut, Tel.: (01)800811/832, Fax: (01)805478. Dar el Kitab el-Loubnani: Mme Curie Str., facing Hotel Bristol, P.O.Box 11-8330, Tel.: (01)735732, Fax: (01)351433. Dar el Kotob: Bir Hassan, Adnan el Hakim Str., Paradise Bldg.,P.O.Box:113559Beirut,Tel.: (01)825290,825326,853326, (03)829161, Fax.: (01)858941. Dar al-Koutob el-Haditha: Mazraa, P.O.Box 14-5276, Telefax: (01)666700, 370008. Dar al-Koutob el-IImiya: Ramlet el Zarif, Bohtori Str., Center Melkart, 1st Fl., P.O.Box 11-9424 Beirut, Telefax: (01)364398, 366135, 804813, (05)804810/11. Dar al Kounouz al Abadiah: Hamra Str., Plaza Center, 4th FI., P.O.Box: 11 7116, Telefax: (01)739696. Dar al-Maarifa: Ghbayri, Airoport Bridge, Kazma Bldg., 1st FI., P.O.Box 7876 Beirut, Tel.: (01)834332, (03)630766, Fax: (01)835614. Dar al Macharih: Noueiri, main road, Al Ahl Bldg., Gf., Telefax: (01)646709. \Dar Al-shorouk SAL: Msaytbeh, Ahmad Safa Bldg., P.O.Box 11-8064 Beirut, Telefax: (01)315859. Dar al-Sirage: Dar el-Fatwa Area, Jemmal Str., Salam Bldg., P.O.Box 11- 8749 Beirut, Tel.: (01)788941/43, Fax: (01)788940. Dar al Talia (Editions Ghada es-semmane): Msaytbeh, Yazbeck Str., Bustan Bldg., P.O.Box: 11 1813 Beirut, 551

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

Eastern Co. Publication: Badaro Str., Khatib Bldg., P.O.Box 11-6220 Beirut, Tel.: (01)388878, (09)918129, Fax: (01)386055 Editions du Patriarcat Armenien Orthodoxe: Antelias, Tel.: (04)410001, Fax: (04)410002. Editions Saint Paul: Jounieh, St. Paul Str., Convent St. Paul, P.O.Box 125/2914, Tel.: (09)933052, 918447, Fax: (09)912577. Express International Printing Co.: Unesco, Ramlet elBaida Str., Mokhtar Hajj Ali Bldg., P.O.Box 114-5082 Beirut, Tel.: (01)802855/7, 803300, Fax: (01)603657 F.M.A. (Fiches du Monde Arabe): Achrafieh, Trabaud Str., Tel.: (01)200100, 326882, 336979, Fax: (01)803505, Beirut. Geo-Projects: Ras Beirut, Jeanne d'Are Str., Bekhaazi Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 113-5294 Beirut, Tel.: (01)345460, Fax: (01) 342217. Institute for Arab Research: Tallet El-Khayat, Tamer Mallat Str., Rayes Bldg., P.O.Box 13-5057 Beirut, Tel.: (01)810055, Fax: (01)804257. Jarrous Press: Tripoli, Nadim el Jisr Str., Borj Bldg., P.O.Box 189 Tripoli, Telefax: (06)443542 Joseph D. Raidy: Gemayzeh, Saint Antoine Str., Diab Bldg., P.O.Box 175-165 Beirut, Tel.: (01) 445188, 567711, 447711, (03)621860, Fax: (01)567700. La Revue Fiscale Libanaise: Rabieh, Street no.2, Saadé Bldg. no.3, 3fl., P.O.Box 70736 (Antelias), Tel.: (04)413100, 411700, Fax: (04)403930,413101. Les Editions Arabes (Naufal): Hamra, Omar Ibn AbdelAziz Str., Nawfal Bldg., P.O.Box 11-2161 Beirut, Tel.: (01)354898, Fax: 01)354394. Les Editions Orientales: Sursock Str., Achrafieh, Sayegh Bldg., P.O.Box 1404 Beirut, Tel.: (01)331200,202070, Fax: 202663. Librairie al-Assriya: Mar Elias Str., Ahdab Bldg., P.O.Box 8355,Telefax: (01)655015, Branch: Saida, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 221 Saida, Telefax: (07) 720317, 720624. Maktab al-Aalami: Bachoura, Khandaq el-Ghamiq Qtr., Khalil Bldg., P.O.Box 8038 & 1390 Beirut, Tel.: (01)659779, Fax: (01)640153. Memac Ogilvy & Mather: Sin el-Fil, Hayek Round About, Noura Center, P.O.Box 16-6179 Beirut, Tel.: (01)490966/67, Fax: (01)486064. Middle East Publications: Chouran Str., Chamas Bldg., P.O.Box 13-5120 Beirut, Telefax: (01)804664. Oda Liban SA.L.: Achrafieh, Pasteur Str., Pasteur 40, Tel.: (01)587587, Fax: 587500, f. 1997, Beirut. Press Production Promotion SARL (P.P.P.): Achrafieh, Accaoui, Media Center, 2nd Floor, Tel.: (01)561682, 561692, Fax: 565273, f. 1997, Beirut. Publishing & Marketing House: Antelias, Tel.: (04)415400,414640/41, P.O.Box 70-285 Antelias. Publitec Publications: (Who's Who in the Arab World Who's Who in Lebanon), John Kennedy Str., Gedeon Bldg., Jisr el-Bacha, P.O.Box 5936 Beirut & Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 166142, Tel.: (01)495401/02/03, Fax: (01)493330.

Tel.: (01)314659, Fax: (01)309470. Dar al-Thaqafa: Bliss Str., Edisson Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 543 Beirut, Tel.: (01)344415, (03)307764, Fax: (01)410750. Dar al-Zahraa: Haret Hreik, Facing Lycee Amicale Moderne, Daccache Str., Tel.: (01)554094. Dar Alf Leila wa Leila: Ashrafieh, Saydeh area, Trade Bldg., P.O.Box: 16 5612 Ashrafieh, Tel.: (01)200962/63, 338929/30, Fax: (01)200034, 338928. Dar an-Nafaes: Verdun, facing Sayyar el darak, Safieddine Bldg., 3rd FI., P.O.Box: 14 5152, Tel.: (01)803152, 810194, Fax: (01)861367. Dar Attaliha: Moussaitbeh Str., Yazbeck area, Al Boustan Bldg., 1st FI., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ: 11 1813, Tel.: (01)314659, Fax: (01)309470. Dar Beyrouth: Verdun Str., Sabbah & Safieddin Bldg., P.O.Box 14-5768 Beirut, Tel: (01)810156, Fax: (01)810152. Dar Bilal for Printing and Publishing SARL: Jnah, Majless al Jounoub Bldg., 1st FI., Tel.: (01)852868/9, (03)650850, Fax: (01)853637/8, f. 1986, Beirut. Dar Farid Sayegh: Hamra Str., Issai Bldg., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 117155 Beirut, Telefax: (01)346342,342342/3. Dar Ghandour: Vienna Str., Ain Tineh area, Ouzounian Bldg., Tel.: (01)809330, 866579, 808580, P.O.Box 11528 Beirut, Fax: (01)603601, f. 1974. Dar Kreidieh: Tarik el Jdideh, Boustany Str., Iskandarani 6 Bldg., Gf., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ: 11 474 Riad el solh, Telefax: (01)854182, (03)763022. Dar Lahd Khater: Mgr. Ghophrayel Str., Waked & Karam Bldg., P.O.Box 16-6020 Beirut, Tel.: (01)201389, Fax: (01)217696. Dar Mäher: Chyah, Hay el American, Telefax: (01)270588. Dar Maktabat el-A'ila: Hamra Str., Rebeiz Bldg., P.O.Box 113-5007 Beirut, Telefax: (01)345797. Dar Manhal el-Hayat al-Manchourat el-Maamadaniya: Mansourieh/Metn, P.O.Box 11-5232 Beirut, Tel.: (04)400250, 400915. Dar Naaman pour la Culture: Jounieh Square, Bzommar Center, P.O.Box 567 Jounieh, Telefax: (09)935096. Dar Onboz: Rabye, 10 Str., Rabye Bldg., P.O.Box: 11 8007, Telefax: (01)380533. Dar Qabes: Ghbeiri blvd., Slim ctr., 4th fl., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ: 25 274, Tel.: (01)559393, (03)204397, Fax: (01)382622. Dar Rouwwad en-Nahda: Jounieh, Sarba, Telefax: (09)931185, 643343. Dar Sader: Mazraat Yachouh, Industrial Zone, Dar Sader bldg., P.O.Box: 10 Beirut, Tel.: (04)910340, Fax: (04)910270. Dar Sanaa: Comiche el Mazraa, Colombia str., Block A, 7th fl., P.O.Box: 14 6212, Tel.: (01)303342, Fax: (01)313908. Dar Sheherazade: Hamra, Mamaari Str., Nawfal Bldg., P.O.Box 11-2161 Beirut, Tel.: (01)354898, Fax: (01)354394. Dar Université Oxford: Jeanne d'Are Str., Bekhaazi Bldg., Tel.: (01)344346, 342217, P.O.Box 118-375 Beirut. 552

BROAD SURVEY Rihani House: Sakiet el-Janzir, Jub El-Nakhl Str., Issa, Bros. Bldg., Tel.: (01)868380/84, P.O.Box 13-5378 Beirut. Sanaa Publishing Press: Comiche el Mazraa, Clombia Center, Bloc A, 7th Floor, P.O.Box 14-6212, Tel.: (01)303342, Fax: 313908, f. 1991, Beirut. Société al-Rissala: Bachoura, Syria Str., Samadi & Salha Bldg., P.O.Box 11-7460 Beirut, Tel.: (01)815112, 319039, Fax: (01)818615. Société Générale de Presse et d'Edition S.A.L.: Kantari sector, Fakhreddine Str., Kantari Corner, 1 Ith Fl., P.O.Box: 11 2488, Tel.: (01)365365, 375376, (03)255434, Fax: (01)375888, f. 1971, Beirut. Société Orientale d'Equipement et de Diffusion (Sored): Tabaris, Mar-Maroun Str., Nahas Bldg., 3rd Fl., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 16-6210 Beirut, Tel.: (01)983540/1/2/5, Fax: (01)983544.

350881,740849, Beirut. B.B.C., Mexique Street, Tel. (01)349623, 363350/51, 866142, 363551, Omar Ben Affane Street, Tel.: (01)994584, Beirut. Beirut News Agency, Jal el Dib, Kanaan Bldg., 4th Floor, P.O.Box 60029, Telefax: (04)714883/4, (03)215427, Beirut. C.B.N. News, Jounieh, Tel.: 09-918300. CETEKA-Czechoslovakia News Agency, Sadat Street, Tel.: (01)351497, Beirut. Chine Nouvelle-Agence d'Information, Bir Hassan, Tel.: (01)841209, 830359, Beirut. Federal Germany News Agency, Chouran, Tel.: (01)803912, 831255, Beirut. Federation of Arab News Agency, Sin el Fil, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 145156 (Mousseitbeh), Beirut, Tel.: (01)485020/21, Fax: 482256. Interavia, Cooperative de Presse Bldg., Hamra Street, Tel.: (01)343014, Beirut. International News Agency, Clemenceau Street, Tel.: (01)370797/8, Beirut. Jamahiriat News Agency-Jana, Mme Curie Street, Decente Hotel Bristol, Boustani Bldg., Tel.: (01)749147/148, Fax: 749146, Beirut. Kuwait News Agency (Kuna), Estral Bldg., 6th Floor, Hamra Street, P.O.Box 113-5738, Tel.: 354377, (01)348575, Fax: (01)348506, Beirut. Middle East News Agency, Zokak el Blatt Quarter, Osman Dana Bldg., Army Street, P.O.Box 2268, Telefax: (01)860150, Beirut. New York Times, Ghannoum Bldg., Bliss Street, Tel.: (01)343412, 804811, Beirut. Office de Presse Hellenique & de Mediterranee Orientale, Aijol Bldg., Clemenceau Street, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 3156, Tel.: (01)362140, Beirut. Orient Press Agency, Hamra, Makdessi Str., P.O.Box 1462 & 1971, Tel.: 351127, Fax: 340436, Beirut. Saudi Press Agency, M. Nsouli Street, Verdun, Nour el Hayat Bldg., Tel.: (01)860342, 868009, 865345, Beirut. Radio Monte Carlo, Hourani Street, Tel.: (01)369868, Beirut. Reuters Limited, Union Nationale Bldg., 5th floor, Spears Str., Sanayeh, Tel.: (01)645456/6, 861723, 353078, Fax: 602055, Beirut. Syrian Arab News Agency-Sana, Zokak el-Blatt, Tel.: (01)362719 Fax: (01)374197, Beirut. Time Life News Service, California Street, Tel.: (01)804787, 804996, Beirut. United Press International, Cooperative de Press Bldg., Hamra Street, Tel.: (01)343015, 349531, Telex: 20724 LE UPffiEY, Beirut. Washington Post, Kantari Street, Tel.: (01)349550, Beirut. World News Agency, Moukarzel Bldg., Clemenceau Street, P.O.Box 1772, et Nahr Ibrahim Street, Tel.: (01)447100, Beirut. Agence d'information du Nord, Tell Street, P.O.Box 651,

N E W S AGENCIES Agence Centrale d'Information, Youssef Khoury Bldg., St. Pierre & Paul Street, Hazmieh, P.O.Box 164 (Hazmieh), Tel.: (05)454887, Fax: 454898 Agence France-Presse, Rome Street, Najjar Continental Bldg., P.O.Box 1461 Beirut, Tel.: (01) 350308\9, Fax: (01)350318. Agence (l'Information Jordanienne, Spears Street, Union Nationale Bldg., Appt. 55, Tel.: (01)741637, 741674, Beirut. Agence l'information Katarienne, Ras Beirut, Tel.: (01)809223, Beirut. Agence l'Information Libanaise, Saliba Street, Tel.: (01)311047/8, Beirut. Agence d'information al-Mousawarah, Badaro Street, Tel.: (01)387552/4, Beirut. Agence Nationale de Presse Italienne (Ansa), Safieddine Bldg., 2nd Floor, Verdun Street, Tel. (01)787237/39, Fax: 787236, Beirut. Agence de Presse Beyrouth, Rue Justinien, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 598, Tel.: 346880, Achrafieh, Tel.: 338310, Beirut. Agence de Press as-Souhoufiah, Fouad Chehab Ave., Chehab Bldg., P.O.Box 16-6294, Tel.: (01)989333/4, Beirut. Akhbar al-Yom, Sin el-Fil, Horch Tabet, Telefax: (01) 480620, 494280, Beirut. Al-Anba'a I.P.S., Sabbagh Center, Hamra, Tel.: (01)349285, Beirut. Algerie Press Service, Mar Elias Street, Tel.: (01)302343, 800305, Beirut. Al-Mashrek Agency, May Ziade Street, Tel.: (01)370924, Beirut. American News Agency, Minet el-Hosn, Tel.: (01)370640, 371176, Beirut. Associated Press, Commodor Center, 4th Floor, Commodore Street, Ρ.Ο,Βοχ 3780, Tel.: (01)350506,

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RADIO AND TELEVISION al Kabir, Radio one Bldg., Tel.: (04)872832, 872444, Owner: Bernard JALKH

RADIO LIBAN (AM 937 KHZ and 990 KHZ. FM 88.3 MHZ, 96.2 MHZ, 100.2 MHZ and 106.8 MHZ) Controlled by the Lebanese Government. Founded in 1937. Sanayeh, Lyon Str., Radio Liban Bldg., Telefax: (01)744114 General Manager: Fouad HAMDAN

RADIO PAX (FM 103.30 MHZ) Founded in 1977, Mkalles, Fouad Chehab Ave., Sea Sweet Bldg., 6th Fl., P.O.Box: 116 5104 Mathaf, Telefax: (01)480077, (03)804104. Chairman: Walid ASSI

RADIO FAME (FM 99.5 MHZ, 99.9 MHZ) Founded in 1984, Ashrafieh, Sassine, near Hardee's, facing ABC, Mourad Bldg., Gf., Tel.: (01)212400, (03)579379, Fax: (01)212500, (03)920940. Chairman: Waleed FADDOUL

RADIO DELTA (FM 101.7 MHZ, FM 102 MHZ) Founded in 1982, Beit Mery, Old Souk, faing Municipality, Kahaleh Bldg., P.O.Box: 1306 Beit Mery, Tel.: (01)972441/324, (03)682600, Fax: (01)870884, Chairman: Rony NJEIM

RADIO FRANCE F.M. (FM 92.5 MHZ, 92.8MHZ) Founded 1992, Ashrafieh, Independence Str., Mansour Bldg., 8th Fl., Telefax: (01)331039. Chairman: Yorgi MANSOUR

RADIO ONE ( FM 105.5 MHZ, 105.1 MHZ) Founded in 1983, Beit Mery, main road, Zakhem Bldg., Tel.: (04)872111, 873333, (03)887000, Fax: (04)972818. Chairman: Raymond Edward GASPAR RADIO ORIENT (FM 88.3 MHZ) Founded in 1990, Raouche, Future TV. Bldg., P.O.Box: 136 052 Chouran 1102 2803 Beirut, Tel.: (01)810810, 355355, Fax: (01)785006. Manager Director: Nadim MOUNLA

RADIO FREE LEBANON (FM 102.3 MHZ, FM 102.5 MHZ and FM 102.7 MHZ) Founded in 1996, Zouk Mosbeh, Adonis, RLL Bldg., P.O.Box: 110 Zouk Mikhael, Tel.: (09)225577, 215870/1/2/3, Fax: (09)215868, 218234, Chairman: Chaouki Boutros ABOU SLEIMAN

RADIO SCOPE (FM 100.9 MHZ) Founded in 1996, Hazmieh, Antablian Bldg., 4th FI., Tel.: (05)958881/2, (03)800804, Fax: (05)958883. Owners: Bassim RAHAL

RADIO LIGHT FM (FM 90.5 MHZ, FM 90.8 MHZ) Ashrafieh, Sassine, Mansour Bldg., 8th FL, Tel.: (01)202215, Fax: (01)200072. Chairman: Nadine EGAVIAN

RADIO STRIKE "Arabic" (FM 97.7 MHZ) Founded in 1984, Sin el Fil, Al Saideh Str., Abi Jaber Bldg., 2nd FL, Tel.: (01)490055/44, 510517/8, Fax: (01)510519. Manager Director: Nabil ABI JABER

RADIO M.B.S. (Master Broadcasting Station) (FM 107.2 MHZ, FMI07.5 MHZ) Founded in 1993, Jounieh, behind La Cite theatre, Above imprimerie Paul Bldg., Telefax: (09)635933, 912911, (03)471379. Owners: Roger DAHER

RADIO VAN (FM 94.7 MHZ & 95 MHZ) Founded in 1986, Borj Hämmoud, Master Mall Str., Shaghzoyan Ctr., 2nd Fl., Tel.: (01)267657, 241199, Fax: (01)241272. Owners: Dikran DGINBAFHIAN

RADIO MIX FM (FM 104.4 MHZ) Founded in 1996, Ashrafieh, facing AUST, Sawt lubnan Bldg., 10th FI, Tel.: (01)331044, (03)815333, 621132, Fax: (01)217788. Owners: Roger Georges SAAD

SAWT EL SHAAB (FM 103.7, 104 MHZ) Founded in 1987, Moussaitbeh, Jabal el Arab Str., P.O.Box: 1105 2040, 14 5425, Tel.: (01)311809, 819014, Fax: (01)313605. Manager Director: Nadim Ali ALAEDDINE

RADIO N.B.N. (Natioanal Broadcasting Network) (FM 89 MHZ, FM 89.4 MHZ) Founded in 1997, Jnah, Adnan el Hakim Str., Hala Bldg., Bloc A, 1st Fl., Ρ.Ο,Βοχ: 13 6633 Chouran, Tel.: (01)841020/1/2/3/4/5/6/7, (03)603838, Fax: (01)841029. Chairman: Nasser Mohamad SAFIEDDINE

SAWT EL-GHAD (FM 96.7 MHZ, 97.1 MHZ) Founded in 1998, Zalka, Disco Samir Bldg., Tel.: (04)710200/300, 721111, Fax: (04)710202 ext: 222. Manager Director: Viny ROUMY

RADIO NOSTALGIE (FM 88 MHZ, FM 87.7) Founded in 1988, Naccache, Studio Vision, MTV Bldg., P.O.Box: 166000 Beirut, Tel.: (04)444088. Chairman: Aurore ROUSS

SAWT EL MOUSIKA (FM 106.5& 106.9 MHZ) Jdeideh, Anouar Str., Nasrallah Ctr., 7th FL, Telefax: (01)888456, 888567/456, 878819/20, (03)878820. Director: Toni Abdo CHERFAN

RADIO NOUJOUM LOUBNAN (FM 100.2 MHZ, 100.5 MHZ) Founded in 1996, Beit Merry, near hotel Beit Merry 554

BROAD SURVEY

VOICE OF LEBANON (Ste. Moderne D' Information S.A.L) (AM 873 KHZ, FM 93.3 MHZ) Founded in 1974, Ashrafieh, Bachir Gemayel Str., P.O.Box: 16 5271 1100 2030 Beirut, Tel.: (01)201380, Fax: (01)323458, 219290. Chairman: Simon Nehmetallah EL KHAZEN

(01)739400. General Manager: Turki Abdallah Mohamed CHBBANEH NATIONAL BROADCASTING NETWORK (THE)NBN-S.A.L. Registered under C.R. Beirut 70079 on 4.5.1996 as a joint stock company. Authorised by Decree N° 10059 on 21.3.1997; Programmes on Channels UHF; Jnah, Bir Hassan, Adnan Hakim Str., Hala Bldg., P.O.Box 13 6633 Chouran, Tel.: (03)603838, 603939, (01)841020/21. General Manager: Nasser Mohammad SAFIEDDINE

VOICE OF LIBERTY (FM 89.7MHZ, 90.1 MHZ & 99.9 MHZ) Founded in 1999, Tallet el Khayat, Tele Liban, Garden center Bldg., 5th, Tel.: (01)781313, 797864, (03)341622, Fax: (01)864800. Chairman: Mohamad BAALBAKI AL MANAR TV S.A.L. Registered under C.R. Baabda 53649 on 15.11.1996 as a joint stock company; Programmes on Channels UHF, Haret Hreik, Abdelnour str., Al Manar TV bldg., P.O.Box: 354-25, Tel.: (01)276000, 554919, 552376, (03)217403/5, Fax.: (01)555953, 553138. General Manager: Abdullah KASSEIR

NEW TV S.A.L. Registered under C.R. Beirut 57693 on 13/12/1990 as a joint stock company; Wata el Moussaitbeh, Jabal el Arab str., New Tv bldg., P.O.Box: 11 5858 Beirut, Tel.: (01)303300, 818401, Fax: (01)818701. General Manager: Tahseen KHAYAT TELE LUMIERE S.A.L. Registered under Baabda 58088 on 24/6/1996 as a joint stock company, Dora roundabout, Dora commercial ctr., 2nf fl., P.O.Box: 1550 Jounieh, Tel.: (01)255501/2/3/4/5, Fax: (01) 255001. General Manager: Bishop Roland ABOU JAOUDE

FUTURE TELEVISION S.A.L. Registered under C.R. Beirut 69844 on 12.3.1996 as a joint stock company. Authorised by Decree N° 10056 on 21.3.1997; Programmes on Channels UHF Sanayeh, Spears Str., White House Bldg., Tel.: (01)355355, 810810, Fax: (01)785006, 753232/434. General Manager: Nadim MOUNLA

TELE-LIBAN (Compagnie de Television du Liban) S.A.L. Following a merger of "Compagnie Libanaise de Television SAL-CLT" (Verdun St., Debs & Ammar Bid., Tel.: 804157) and "TELEORIENT - Television du Liban et du Proche - Orient SAL" (Hazmieh, Tallet el Khayat, T1 Bldg., 5th Fl., RO.Box 5054, Beirut, P.O.Box 11-4848, Tel.: (01)786930, 788800/801, Fax: (01)786931, decided by government decree No. 1095 dated 22.3.1978 and implemented by the creation of the above new company. Programmes in Arabic, French and English on channels VHF & UHF. Managing Director: Ibrahim Elias KHOURY

LEBANESE BROADCASTING CORPORATION INTERNATIONAL (L.B.C.I.) SA.L. Registered under C.R.Baabda 41685 on 15.6.1992 as a joint stock company. Authorised by Decree N° 10057 on 21.3.1997; Programmes on Channels VHF and UHF Kesrouan, Adma Main Road, L.B.C.I Bldg., P.O.Box 111 (Zouk Mikael), Tel.: (09)850850, Fax: (09)850916/312, Chairman and General Manager: Pierre DAHER MIDDLE EAST BROADCASTING CENTER "M.B.C." S.A.L. Registered under C.R. Beirut 76647 on 13/3/2001 as a joint stock company; Clemenceau, Gefinor ctr., Block C, 4th fl., P.O.Box 113 5005 Hamra, Tel.: (01)745400, Fax:

N.B. Many other FM stations are also operating in Lebanon.

555

INDEX OF BIOGRAPHIES BYPROFESSION

ARTS (Literature, Music, Journalism, Painting, Sculpting) BUSINESS (Banking, Economics, Finance, Industry) CIVIL SERVANTS (Officials and Diplomats) EDUCATION ENGINEERING LAW MEDICINE POLITICS RELIGION

BROAD SURVEY ARTS (Literature, Music, Journalism, Painting, Sculpting) ABILLAMA Raif, Joseph

GEBARA Georgette

ABIRACHED Robert

GEBEYLI Claire, Nicolas Dimitriou

ABUZAKI Rauf

GELALIAN Boghos, Sarkis

ACHKAR Nidel, Assad, Al

GHORAYEB Henry, Edmond

ADIB Hoda, Albert

HADICHIAN Varoujan, Kevork

ADONIS

HADICHIAN Zaven, Kevork

GEBARA Raymond, Carlos

AINTRAZI Tarek

HAFEZ Ramzi, El

AKL Said, Chibl

HAGE Louis, Salim

AMMOUN Denise

HAGE Ounsi, Louis, El

AOUAD Marcelle, Jocelyne

HAMADE Bahjat, Mahmoud

ARIDA May, Khoury Saade

HASSAN Jana, El

ASSADOUR

HAWARI Yasser, Muhammad

AWAD Emile Youssef

IBRAHIM Emilie, Farès

AZOURI Issam, Jamil

ISMAIL Adel

AZZI Walid, Chahine

JABRE Hala, Abdelfattah

BAALBAKI Leila, Ali

JABRE Jacqueline

BAALBAKI Mohamed, Abdul-Hafiz

JABRE Jamil, Louis

BAALBAKI Rohi

JIDEJIAN-NAZARETIAN Nina

BARAKAT-SALAME Eva-Marie

JISR Salem, Muhammad, Al

BARBIR Farouk

JOUNI Hassan

BASBOUS Joseph, Chucrallah

KAHALE May

BECHIR Charles Edward

KAHWAGI Elie

BEIDAS André

KANAAN Elie

BEYDOUN Ahmad

KARAM Melhem, Karam

BOULOS Elie, Tannous

KESHISHIAN Krikor Zohrab, Krikor

BOUSTANY Hareth, Fouad Ephrem

KETTANEH Aimée

CARACALLAH Abdul Halim

KETTANEH Nadia

CHACCOUR George

KHAYATH Sami, Albert

CHALABI Maha

KHOURY Ariette, Salim, El

CHAMI Georges, Wadih

KHOURY Violette, née TRAD

CHAMMAS Georgea, Hanna

KHOURY Zena, El, Mrs

CHAMSEDDINE Mohamed

KOUYOUMDJIAN Jeanette

CHAROUI Christian

LAHOUD Roméo, Raphael

CHEDID Andrée, Selim

LOHEAC Lyne André

CHEMALI Khairallah

LOHEAC-AMMOUN Blanche, Daoud

DAHER Khaled

MAALOUF Amine, Ruchdi

DAKKAK Basile, Salim

MAALOUF Antoine

DALLOUL Mohsen, Ali

MACHNOUK Mohammad, Abdallah

DAVIDIAN Vahé

MENASSA Camille, Gabriel

DIAR-BEKIRIAN Hrair

MOUGHARBIL Omar

FAYROUZ Pseudo Haddad, Nohad, Wadi

MOULTAKA Antoine, Zakhia

FRANGIEH Samir, Hamid

MOULTAKA-CHAMOUN Latifé, Georges

FREIHA Bassam, Said

MOUSSA May, Ghanem

GEB ARA Eliane, Yacoub

MOUZANNAR Wadad, Bechara 557

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

MROUE Jamil

WAHHAB Wi'am, Maher Najib WAKIM Salim, Dr. YARED Gabriel, André ZAKKA-SAAD Huda

MROUE-MOUNAJJED Dunia MURR May NAAMAN Jihad, Mitri NAAMAN Naji, Mitri NADIM Marcelle

BUSINESS (Banking, Economics, Finance, Industry) ABBOUD Fady ABBOUD Jean ABDALLAH Jean, Jamil ABDELNOUR Ziad, Khalil ABED Pépé ABED Roger ABELA Edwin Georges ABELA Joseph, Pietro ABI GHOSN Kamal ABILLAMA Nabil, Joseph, Emir ABILLAMA Samir, Joseph, Emir ABISAAD Nadim, Wehbé ABISAAD Ramiz, Nairn ABOU DIAB Fadi ABOUADAL Raymond ABOUJAOUDE Jean, Farès Saad ABOUJAOUDE Karim, Joseph ABOUNADER Fouad ABOUNANSOUR Sami ABOURIZK Elias ABUHAIDAR Munir, Ibrahim ABUHAMDANE Mahmud, Farid ABUSADA John, Dr. AHDAB Mosbah AKKARI Samir, Nazem Akl Sayed, Khalil ALAMEDDINE Hassan ALAMUDDIN Sulayman ALOUF Youssef AOUN Nabil, Elias AOUR Amine, Georges AOUR Andre, Amine AOUR Joseph ARAB Ali, Mahmoud ARAKJI Adnan ARIDA Anwar, Georges ARIDA Carlos, Suleiman ARIDA Edgard, Georges ARIDA Eric, Anwar

NAFFAH-SFEIR Zbaidé NAMMAR Nicolas, Georges NASSAR Salim, Said NAUFAL Sami NEHME-MURR Lina O SSEIRAN Leila OSSEIRAN Zouheir PRAT-AMMOUN Gwen RACY Theodora, Munah RAHBANI Elias, Ar RAHBANI Mansour, Ar RAJI Georges, Cesar RAYYES Riad, Najib, Al RENNO Assaad, Khalil RONCAGLIA Martiniano Pellegrino, Cesar SAAB Edmond SAADE Joseph, Arege SABAH Jeannette SABEH Bassem, Ahmad SADEK Pierre SAFI Wadi'Bechara, As SALMAN Talal SANDRI Samia SARDOUK Fatima, Loutfi Naoura SARKIS Khalil, Ramez SAYEGH Joseph SAYEGH Khalil, Habib SKAFF Georges, Wadi' SOLH Alia, Riad, As STEITE Salah, Mahmoud SUCCAR Toufic, Saba SURSOCK Cici SURSOCK Yvonne, Lady Cochrane TAKYDEEN Diana, Said TARRAB Gilbert, Maurice TASSO Alain, Elie TUENI Ghassan, Gebran TUENI Walid, Gebran VAHE-VAHIAN Sarkis, Abdalian 558

BROAD SURVEY

ARIDA Joseph, Georges ASFAR Jean, Gabriel ASFAR Pierre ASLY Salim, Georges

BRAIDY Nabil BRIDI Antoine, Allemby BRIDI Antoine, Joseph Β SAT Hisham, Subhi, Al, Dr.

ASSAF Fadi Khalil

BSAT Mohamed, Kinana BSAT Samir BUCHAKJIAN Sarkis, Krikor

ASSEILY Edmond, Najib ASSEILY Elie, Michel ASSEILY Georges, Edouard ASSEILY Jean, Albert ASSEILY Michel

BUSTANI Laura, Emile BUSTANI Myrna BUSTROS Michel, Nicolas de

ASSEILY Najib ASSEILY Paul, Albert ASSEILY Pierre, Albert

CARAPIPERIS Dimitri, Antoine

ASSOUAD Georges, Bechara AUDI Nasr, Philippe

CHALHOUB Henri, Jean-Georges

AUDI Raymond

CHAM Raymond CHAMMAS Jamil, Abdel-Massih

CASSARGI Georges CHALHOUB Antoine, Cesar CHALHOUB Jean, Cesar

AYACHE Ghassan C. AZHARI Naaman

CHAMMAS Nicolas, Georges CHAMOUN Dory

BAAKLINI Mershed BAASIRI Muhammad BADRE Chafic, S.

CHAOUI Zafer CHEDID Henry, J. CHEHAB Farid

BALADI Ramez, Alfred BARAKAT Victor

CHEKERDJIAN Garbis, Mardiros CHOUCAIR Ayman Chawkat

BARDAWIL Fouad, Philip BARGHOUD Gebran, Edward BASSIL François

COCHRANE Sir Henry Marc Sursock Cochrane, Bart. CORM Georges Antoine, Georges

BASSOUL Aziz BATACHE Saba

DAHDAH Antoine, Robert, El Cheikh DAHDAH Salim, Farid

BECHARA Raymond, J. BEIDAS Henri, Khalil

DANA Hani, Osman, El DANDACHE Fadlallah

BERJAOUI Muhammad, Ahmad

DAOU Elie, Halim

BERJAOUI Muhammad, Hajj

DAOU Joseph, Halim DAOUD Fayçal, Salim

BERJAOUI Muhammad, Youssef BOCTI Gabriel, Selim

DAOUK Khaled, Y. DEBAHY Elias, Joseph

BOCTI Salim, Gabriel BONE Mansour, Fouad BOUHABIB Abdallah, R.

DEBAHY Pierre DEBBANE Etienne

BOULBOUL Ghassan

DEBBANE Joe, Alfred

BOULDOUKIAN Meguerditch

DEBBANE RAPHAEL

BOULOS Andre, Joseph

DEBS Michael, Nasser DEMIRDJIAN Ago, N.

BOULOS Antoine

DIAB Selim, Abdel Rahim DIAB Wajdi DIB Roger, Joseph DIB-HAJJ Jean

BOUSTANY Nabil BOUSTANY Pierre BOUSTANY Robert BOUTROS Marcel, Toufic 559

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

DOUMANI Maurice, Constantin

INGEA Rene, Antoine

DOUMET Elias

ISHAK Samir, Adib

DOUMIT Joseph, Elie

ISSA EL KHOURY Joe Wadih

EDDE Paul, Philippe

ISSA Emile, Elias

EL-AM Joseph

JABER Yassine, Kamel

EZZEDINE Wissam, Wassef

JABR François, Michel

FADDOUL Joe

JABR Gabriel, Najib

FADEL Maurice, Habib Georges

JABR Raymond, Michel

FADEL Toufic, Nagib

JABRE Faruk

FAKHRY Raffoul, Michel

JAD Tameem, Abdullah

FARES Issam

JAFFAL Imad

FATFAT Muhammad, Khodr

JAROUDI Jamil A.K.

FERNAINE Georges, Emile

JAROUDI Saeb

GEAHCHAN Yves

JARRAH Jama

GEDEON Charles, Georges

JOLY John, Leonard

GEDEON Elie, Jean

JONES Rana

GELLAD Claude, Georges

JOUMBLATT Sabah, Khaled

GEMAYEL Fadi

JREISSATI Michel, Khalil

GHAZAOUI Rafie, Moustapha

JUBAYLI Atef, Omar

HABIB Antoine

JUNBLAT Majid, Aref

HABIB Fouad

KAHY Georges, Daoud

HABIB Salim

KAIDBEY Riad Ν., Hassan

HABIB Samir

KARAM Joseph

HABIS Jean-Pierre, Fouad

KARAOGLAN Maurice, Tewfik

HABIS Joseph, Salim

KASSAR Adel, Wafic

HABIS Naji

KASSAR Adnan, Wafic

HACHEM Abbas, El

KASSARDJIAN Joe

HADDAD Ayman

KATTAR Damien

HADDAD Mario, Georges

KEMEID Georges, Michel

HADJITHOMAS Georges, Thomas

KETTANEH Nabil

HAGE Maguy, Achkar, El

KFOURY Philippe

HAIKAL Chibli, Georges

KHADIGE Charles

HAJ Sabah, al

KHALAFAbbas, Michel

HAKIM Habib, Louis

KHALIL Anwar, Mohamed, Al

HALOUI Ibrahim

KHANAMIRIAN Souren, Leon

HAMZE Wafa', Rustom, Mrs

KHAOUAM Antoine, Maurice

HARARE Salah

KHATIB Kassim Mohammad

HARIRI Saad, Rafie

KHAWAJA Antoine. Sarkis

HBOUS Ahmed, Abdo

KHAYAT John, Fouad

HECHAIME Makrma

KHAZEN Elias, Choucrallah, Al

HOMSI Naoum, Victor

KHAZEN Wadih, el

HONEIN Nadim

KHOUEIRI Victor

HOSRI Fernand, Antoine

KHOURSHID Assad, Ezzat

HRAOUI Khalil, Georges

KHOURY Carlos

IDRISS Atef

KHOURY Fadi 560

BROAD SURVEY

KHOURY Gabriel, Edmond

NASR Samir

KHOURY Michel, Bechara, El

NASRALLAH Philippe, Wadi'

KRAYTEM Ghazi

NASRALLAH Pierre, Michel

KURBAN Halim, Mitri

NASSIF Suleiman

LAHOUD Youssef, Abdallah

NAUFAL Emile

LETAYF Habib

NAZARIAN Arthur

MAALOUF Antoine, Georges

NIMER Rami R., El

MAKARI Chucri

NIMER Rifaat S., El

MAKARI Farid, Nabil

OUSSEIMI Khaled, Mouhamad

MAKHZOUMI Fouad

PHARAON Michel, Pierre

MAKHZOUMI May

PHARAON Naji, Henri

MAKKI Fadi

PHARES Armand

MANASSEH Tony, Philip

QADDOUR Bahije, Mahmoud

MANASTERSKI Rudolph, Alexandre

RABABY Sami, Melhem

MANTOURA Raymond, Wadi'

RAHME Fouad

MAOUCHY Georges, Assaf

RAIDI Joseph

MASSAAD Samir

RAPHAEL Farid, Elie

MATAR Abdulkarim, Youssef

RAPHAEL Joe, Elias

MATOSSIAN Abraham

RAYES Salam, Salim

MECATTAF Eliane

RIACHI Antoine, Ayoub

MELHEM Ibrahim, Chalita

RIGA Anthony

MESSEIKE Omar, Moustapha

RIZK Charles

MESSEIKE Walid, Omar

SAAB Ayoub-Farid

MIKATI Negib

SAAB Fadi M.

MOGHABGHAB Nicolas, Khalil

SAAB Khaled, Salim

MOHANNA Mario

SAAD Adib, Jose

MOHARRAM Chafic, Saleh

SAAD Fouad

MOHBAT Sabas Jean, Fadlallah

SAADE Wagih

MOUMNEH Meheddine, Mohammed

SAADEH Sami

MOUSSALI Richard, Salim

SABA Elias

MOUZANNAR Walid

SABBAG Henri, Gibrane

MROUEH Ali

SABOUNDJIAN Nazareth

MURR Hadi

SACY Jacques, Georges

NADER Saba, Eugène

SAFADI Mohamed, Ahmad

NADER Serge, Michel

SAFIEDDINE Hani, Abdallah

NAHAS Salim, Antoine

S AHB Abdallah, Leon de, Marquis

NAHED Salim, Nicolas

SALAME Youssef, Elias

NAIM Fouad

SALAWI Gabriel, Emile

NAJAY. Walid, Rafie

SALEH Mohamed

NAJJAR Amin S.

SALEH Nouhad, Anis

NAKIB Khalil

SALEM George

NAMMOUR Cesar

SALEM Ibrahim

NASNAS Elie, J

SAMAHA Sameer, Elia

NASNAS Roger

SARA Albert, Khalil

NASRAsad, Yusuf

SARA Jean Pierre

561

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 SARA Michel, Khalil

ZAATARI Mohamed

SARADAR Mario

ZACCA Sami, Philippe

SARKIS Pierre, Joseph

ZACCAR Max, Roger

SARRAF Jacques, Jean

ZACCOUR Makram, Michel

SASSINE Michel, Georges

ZEIN Saeb, El

SAWAYA Assad, Fouad

ZMOKHOL Fouad, Dr.

SCHOUCAIR Fouad, Farid

ZOGHBI Habib, George, Emir

SEHNAOUI Elie, Antoine

ZOUAIN Georges, Simon

SEHNAOUI Gabriel SEHNAOUI Maurice, Nicolas

CIVIL SERVANTS (Officials and Diplomats)

SEIKALY Frederick

ABBOUD Chucri

SEIKALY Richard, J.

ABBOUD Farid

SFEIR Salim

ABDALLAH Ibrahim, Ali, Al

SHAABAN Reem, Mrs

ABDALLAH Mamdouh, Al

SHAMMAS Nabih, Hanna

ABDEL AHAD Joseph

SHERIF Ali Eid Mohamed

ABDEL-RAHMAN Mohamed

SHIBL Yusuf, Α.

ABDESSAMAD Khaled

S INNO Marek, Omar

ABI ASSI Naji

SLEIMAN Ricardo, Maurice

ABI MAROUN Joseph

TABBARA Mounir

ABISALEH Fouad, Mansour

TABET Maurice, Jacques

ABOU DIAB Fawzi Dr.

TABET Naoum, Georges

AB OU MANSOUR Khalil

TABOURIAN Alain

ABOUCHACRA Moufid

TABOURIAN Andre, Karekin

ABOUJAOUDEH George B., Dr.

TAMER Gaby

ABOUKHATER Michel, Fouad

TAMER Jean, Fawzi

ABU SAKR Habib, Dr.

TASSO Joseph, Toufic

ABUFADEL Henry

TASSO Toufic, Joseph

ABUL HUSN Latif, H.E., Dr.

TAWILE Samir, J.

ACAR Irfan, Jalal

TEMSAH Khodr

AGHA Fadi, Khaled

TOHMEAssaad

AHDAB Walid

TOURBAH Bassam, Ali

AL KHATIB Sami, Major Gen.

TRAD Dimitri, Farid

ALAMUDDIN Adib

TRAD Fouad

ALPHA John

TUENI Sami, Gebran

AOUN Fouad, Salim

TURK Georges, Hanna

AOUN Gilbert, Georges

TYAN Henry, E.

ARAB Robert, Maroun

TYAN Houda

ARSANIOS Youssef

WARDE Gabriel, Khalil

ASSIOUTI Ali, Abdel Kabir

YAGHI Mohammad, Abbas

AYYUB Afif

YAMMINE Bassa

BAAKLINI Raymond

YAZIGI Ibrahim

BABA Samih, Fouad

YOUNES Manuel, Georges

BACHA Antoine, Emile

YOUSSEF Ghazi

BAROUDI Nohad, Georges BECHARA François

YOUSSEF Ibrahim, Youssef Nicolas, Al

562

BROAD SURVEY

BEDRAN Antoine

HANNA DAHER Ibrahim, Emile

BEDRAN Emile, Georges

HANNA EL-DAHER Samira, Emile

BEJJANI Abdo

HARVOLA Pertti Olavi

BEYHUM Issam

HASSAN Zafer, Mohamed Eid, El

BIFANI Alain

HATJIAN Berj

BITAR Michel S.

HAYEK Hoda Abdel Ahad

BOUSTANY George, General

HAZOU Jean

BOUSTANY Zahi, Nabih

HIMADEH RAJA, Said

CHAAR Hicham

HOBEICA Samir

CHALAK Hassan

ITANI Khalil

CHALITA Toufic

JABERAssem, Salman

CHAMMAS Souheil

JIZZINI Wafic

CHAMMAT Ahmed

KAAKATI Elias, Antoine

CHEDID Joseph. Najib

KARAM DOUEIHI Souad

CHEHAB Adel, Nadim, The Emir

KAREH Milad

CHEHAB Hareth, Chakib, The Emir

KHALIL Khalil, Kazem, El

CHIBANI Mohamed, Rida

KHATIB Mohamed, El

DAHER Colonel Fadl, Dr.

KHAZEN Amine, Kesrouan, Al

DANIEL Jean, Georges

KHAZEN Ramez, Youssef, Al

DE SICHASS Edwardo, Augusto

KHOU JA Abdel-Aziz, Muhieddine

DIB NEHME Georges

KHOURY Hamid, Said

DIMECHKIE Nadim, Badr

KHOURY John, Elias, El

DONATO Joseph

KHOURY Joseph, Basile

DOUMIATI Adnane

KHOURY Samir, Samy, El

EMIE Bernard

KHREICH Mounir, Dr.

FADEL Robert, Maurice

KIM Hyung Sun, Dr.

FADLALLAH Abdel Raouf, Muhammad Hassan

KOLEILAT Rachid

FAKIH Ali, Mohamed

KOTAICHE Abdellatif

FARAH Soleiman

KOUYOUMDJIAN Hratch

FATFAT Madhat

LABAKI Boutros

FATTAL Hubert

LAZAROF Feniline, Dimitrof

FELTMAN Jeffrey, D.

LEUROMIE Loy de LHOUVOUM Nengcha, Mrs.

FRAIFER Rizkallah

MAALOUF Massoud

GEB ARA Alif

MAAMARI Nabil

GHOLMIEH Georges, Dr.

MADI Mohammad

HAAS Marius

MAHFOUZ Yahya, Ahmed

HABIB William, Farid

MAKHOUL Assaad

HACHEM Georges

MAKKAWI Khalil, Dr.

HACI Ibrahim

MALLAT Georgina Chaer

HAIDAMOUS Fouad, Salem

MANSOURAdnan

HAIDAR Issam, Zaki

MARINO Ramoncito, Santiago

HAIMARI Maroun

MARKHOF George, Moutner

HAJRI Amer, Bin Hamad, Al

MARKIENVICZ Valdemar

HAMMOUD Mahmoud, Ali

MASRI Shawki, El

HAMZA Kamal, Fayez 563

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

MASSAAD Chadi

SOUSSI Abdel Badih

MAWLAWI Radwan, Adel

SWAIDI Jabor, Abdullah, Al

MERHI Nabil, Bachir

TABBARA-PEIGNE Souad, Bahije

MOALLEM Mohieddine, Ali

TABET Joy Fouad

MOAWI Jaafar

TAKIEDDINE Samir

MOKDAD Abdul Karim

TAMAS Lajos

MORTADA Jihad

TARRAZI Nadim Abouhamad, Michel de

MOUBARAK Samir

TAYARA Abdulrahman, Bechir

MOUSSAOUI Hussein

TER GHEVONDIAN Vahan

MURAKAMI Tokumitsu

TORRIENTE Darrio Urrà

NAAMAN Abdallah, Mitri

TURK Fouad

NAAMANI Bassam

VAMVOUNAKIS Nikolaos

NAFFAH Joseph, Amine

VAN EPEN Gérard J.

NAFFAH Salim

WATT James, Wilfried

NASRALLAH Nasser

YAH YA Anwar

NOURBATLIAN Vatcheh, Dr.

YOUNES Diab

OBEID Muhammad, Hussein

ZARACHOC Bonis

OGHASSABIAN Jean

ZIADE Pierre

ORTEGA Arturo, Puente OUMLIL Ali

EDUCATION

PARASS François

ABDEL-REHIM Mohammed Ali, Dr.

PEREA Miguel, Benzo

ABDUL-NOUR Hani

PEREZ Felipe du Monceau de Bergendal

ABILLAMA Fayek, Maged

QUBATY Mohamed, Dr.

ABIRACHED Georges, Hanna

RAMADAN Hassan

ABOU ASSALI Mounir

RASSI Sleiman C.

ABOU Selim

RAYES Samih, Boutros

ABOUHAIDAR Jarir, Amin

RIFIAchraf

ABOURIZK Joseph, Salim

SABEH Hassan, Akkaf

AHMAR Antoine, Al

SADAKA Najib, Sabi

AJALTOUNI Ziad

SAFI Walid, Selim

ALAYLI Abdallah, Osman

SAGHIYYAH Fakhri, George

ALOUCHE Richard, Chibli

SAIDI Nasser, Hassan

AMINE Adnane, El

SALAM Wael, Mohamed

AOUN Elie, Said

SALAME Michel, Nehmatallah

ARBID Walid, Dr.

SALAME Riad

ARIDI Bachir, Abdallah

SALHAB Nasri, Elie

ARMENIAN Haroutune, Krikor

S ALIBI Georges, Sab'

ASSAF Elie

SAMAHA Farid, Dr.

ATIYAH Michael. Francis, Edward Salim

SAMUELIAN Haroutioun

ATIYEH Nairn, Nicholas

SAOUMA Edouard

AYDENIAN Hermine

SARKIS Michel

AZOURY Pierre, Hanna

SAROUFIM Goerges, Constantin

BAALBAKI Ramzi

SAXE Lyndal

BAASIRI Muin, Mahmud

SOLH Abdelrahman, Sami, As

BADAWI Samir, Muhammad 564

BROAD SURVEY BAYAN Ibrahim, Suleiman

KUTRAN Khalil, Ibrahim

BILANI Bachir, Rached

LABAKI Georges, Dr.

CHAKAR Zouhair, Ali

MAALOUF Emile, Eid

CHALABI Hassan

MAKDISSI Samir, A.K.

CHAMUSSYRené

MAROUN Ibrahim

CHEIKH Adnane

MASRI Edward, Antoine

CHIKHANI-NACOUZ Léla

MERHEBI Maher

DACCACHE Salim

MESSARA Antoine, Nasri

DAGHER Nuhad, Joseph

MISKI Adnan, M.A.

DAJANI Nabil, H.

MNEINMEH Ali

DEMIAN Jean

MOUBARAK Camille, Pere

DIAAref

MOUCHARRAFYEH Hassan

DUCRUET Jean, Alexandre

MUKADDAM Muhammad, Ahmed

EID Assad

MURR George, Gibrail

EID Georges M.

NABTI Farid, G. Dr.

EKMEKJI Arda Arsenian, Dr., Mrs.

NAIMY Nadeem

EL ROUADI Nairn

NAJM Antoine, Hanna

FAOUR Muhammad

NASHABE Hisham, Abdul-Wahab

FARES Jean

NASR Cesar, Georges

FAWAZ George, Amin

NASSAR Riyad, F.

FRAYHA Nemer

NASSER Jacques, Georges

GANNAGE Elias, Antoine

NASSIF Raif

HABACHI René, Marc

OLABI Ahmad

HADDAD Robert, M.

RAMMAL Ali, Dr.

HADDAD Wadi', Daher

RIFKA Fuad, Elias

HAFFAR Abderrazzaq

RIHANI Ameen, Albert

HAGE Said, Farid, El

RIZK Elias

HAIDAR Nabil F.

RIZK Richard

HALLAB Abdul Hamid

ROUHANA Rafik Anis

HAMZE Mouin

SAAD Adib, T.

HARB Hadia, Dr.

SAAD Farouk, Mohammad

HASSAN Hussein Hajj

SAGHIR Abdulrahman

HIJAZI Moustapha

SAKKAL Fateh, Muhammed

HOBEIKA Louis, Georges

SALAME Ghassan

IDRISS Souheil

SALAME-SARKIS Hassan, Georges

ISKANDAR Adnan, Georges

SALEM Elie, Adib

KAWARNasri, Shafik

SALEM Nairn, Ph.D.

KHATIB Mounif

SALHA Pierre

KHAWAND Louis

SALHAB Nizar, Toufic

KHORASSANDJIAN Marcelle

SALIBI Kamal, Suleiman

KHORASSANDJIAN Pierre

SALMAN Saleh, Daoud

KHOURYNassim, Dr.

SEFERIAN Vartan, Sarkis

KHOURY Shahwan, El

SFEIR Abdallah

KHOURY Theodore, Farah

SHABANA Mahmoud

KIRKIACHARIAN Serge Berdj, Kevork

SLEIMAN Fawwaz, Turki

565

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 SOLH Mounira, Mamdouh, As

DEDEYAN Abraham

TABBARAH Riad

DEMIRDJIAN Agop, Yervant

TABET Samir

DER BOGHOSSIAN Arisdakes, Bedros

TARABAY Boutros, Fr.

DOUMANI Georges

TOHME Georges, Youssef

EDDE Henri, Camille

TORBEY Jurji, Antonios

EDDE Robert, Camille

YAGHY Moustapha

EID Hatem

YAQUB Fawzi, Mohamed

ELIAS Amid, Fayez

YATIM Hussein

FAWAZ Muhammad, Youssef

ZAKHARIA Katia, Elias

FREM Fadi, Joseph

ZIADE Nicolas, Abdo

GEMAYEL Bassan

ZURAYK Huda, C.

GHAYA Elie, Alexandre GHAZAL Maurice, Habib

ENGINEERING

GHAZIRI Mohamed, Habib

ABBOUD Khalil

GHAZIRI Noureddine

ABDELNOUR Khalil, Ibrahim

HACHEM Hassan

ABINADER Joseph, Badaoui

HAJJAR Mohamed

ABISAID Shafik

HAMIYEH Adel, Fouad

ABOUHAMAD Noel, Jean

HATEM Antoine, Najm

ABOUKHATER Ibrahim, Joseph

HELOU Maroun, Joseph

ABOUL-KHOULOUD Salaheddine

HELOU Henri, Pierre

ALAMEDDINE Hachem

ISSA Raymond, Elias

ANDRAOS Antoine

ITANI Mounib

ANDRAOS Nagi, Marcel

IZMIRLIAN Nazareth, A.

AOUN Selim

JABER Imad

AZOURY Joseph

KAIROUZ Rabi'a, Subhi

BASBOUS Malik, Adib

KALASH Ahmed

BEDRAN Mounia

KANSO Assem

BEJJANI Rachid, Gabriel

KARAME Safouh

BEKDACHE Issam

KHAIRALLAH Samir, H.

BEYDOUN Zouhair, Bachir

KHATIB Munir, Al

BIZRI Amine, Muhammad

KHAZEN Fouad, El, Sheikh

BIZRI Fouad, Muhammad

KLAT Samir, Ramez

BONNEVILLE Pierre, Raymond

KORDAHI Jean-Louis

BOURAAD Salah, Michel

KORDAHI Rony

BOUSTANY Ghiath, Fouad Efrem

LAHOUD Nassib, Salim

CATAFAGO Selim

LAHOUD Samir, Salim

CHAMMAS Nicolas, Elie

MAALOUF Khalil, Michel

CHARAFEDDINE Jaafar

MACKSOUD Salim, Wadih

CHEHAB Ernest, Alfred, The Emir

MADY Alfred

CHEHADE Fawzi, Ibrahim

MAHDI Mohamed D.

COMAIR Fadi

MAROUN Georges

CONTAVELLIS George

MATTA Gabriel, Elias

DAHDAH Joseph, Jamil

MINKARA Ahmad, Abdul Kader

DEBBAS Robert

MOBAYED Lucien, Spiridon 566

BROAD SURVEY

MOKBEL Samir

ABI NASR Neemetallah

MORETTI Rene, Jules

ABOU charaf Joseph, Louis

MURR Gabriel

ABOUFADEL Marwan, Mounir

MURR Michel

ABOUFADEL Riad, Toufic

NAJJAR Georges, Abdallah

ABOUHAIDAR Chafic, Ragi

NAJJAR Raymond, Iskandar

ABOUHAMAD-ASSEILY Nada

NATOUR Misbah, Ibrahim

ABOUKHALIL Nasrat, Ibrahim

NEEMA Pierre, Chucri

ABOUSSOUAN Camille, Nagib

NEHME Moustapha, Moussa

ADDOUMAdnan

RAMADAN Mu'nis, Hassan

ADWAN Georges, Jamil

RIZK Riad, Khalil

AHDAB Abdel Hamid, El

SAAD Michel, Assaad

ALAWIYEH Hassan, Mohamed

SAADE Riad, Fouad

AMMAR, Mahmoud, Hussein

SABAH Nassir

AOUGI Mustapha, Husni, Al

SABBAH Anwar, Ali, Al

AOUN Elie

SAHILI Talal

AOUN Fouad, Youssef

SALAM Assem, Ali

ASSAAD Kamel, Ahmad, Al

SALAM Malek, Salim

ASSI Roger, Georges

SALAMOUN Riad

AWAD Paul, Khalil

SALEM Ibrahim, Joseph

AZAR Samir, Ibrahim

SALEM Nadim, Nicolas

AZAR Selim, Sheikh Sami, El

SALHAB Farid, Rushdi

AZOURY Claude, Jamil

S ALIBA Jean

BACHA Assaad, El

SAMAD Jihad

BAKHOS Auguste

SAMAHA Fadi, Albert

BANNA Mahmoud, Abdel Basset, Al

SARKIS Joseph, Georges

BAROODY Issam, Wassef

SARRAF Semaan

BAROUD Antoine, Fares

SARRAF Yaacoub, Riad

BARSOUMIAN Chahe

SAWAYA Fadi

BASILE Antoine, Elie

SEFERIAN Mihran

BEJJANI Emile, Gabriel

SHALAKA1 FadlAli

BERTI Alia, Halim

SHAYBOUB Sarmad, Toufic

BITARAssaf

SOUBRA Afif, Muhammad

BOUERI Jean, Nassib

TARAZI Roger

BOUEZ Fares

TAYARD Carol, Youssef

BOULOS Jawad

TOMEY George

BOULOS Najib, Philippe

TURK Shafik

BOULOS Nassib

YAACOUB Hassan

BOUSTANY Nagi, Nabih

YEGHPARIAN Sebouh, Karekine

BOUTROS Fouad, Georges

YOUSSEF Abdelmoneim

CATTAN Joelle

ZARIFE Gabriel, Georges

CHADER Antoine, Joseph CHAIBAN Claude, Chaker CHAMLIAN Vartkés, Levon

LAW

CHAMMAS Edmond, Ν.

ABBOUD Andréa (Mrs.)

CHAOUL Joseph

ABILLAMA Farouk, Raif, Emir 567

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 CHEMALI-SIDAOUI Souhaila, Louis

HAID AR Zahed, Nafez

CHIDIAC-ARBID Georgette, Salim

HAJJ Hassan

CORTBAWI Shakib

HAJJ Mounir

DAHER Fouad

HAJJAR Issam, Abdel Halim

DAHER Mikhael, Antoine

HALABI Abbas, Selim

DALLAL Edmond

HAMADEH Ziad

DANA Osman, Mosbah, Al

HANNA Elias

DAOUD Fouad, Habib

HARB Boutros

DAOUK Walid

HARB Izzat, Salim

DERBAS Rachid, Toufic

HARB Wassim

DIAB Assaad

HARFOUCHE François

DOUMIT Boutros

HARFOUCHE Raymond

EDDE Michel

HAWAT Jean

EDDE Roger, Jean

HOBEICHE Fawzi

EID Edouard, Joseph

HOBEICHE Hadi

EID Elias

HONEIN Salah

EIDO Walid

HOUEISS Rodrigue, Elias, El

EL HACHEM Raymond

HUSSEIN Abdellatif

ESBER Ahmad, Abdul Hamid

ISSAL-KHOURY Joe

ESTA Selim

JABRE Nouhad

FAHD Jean, Daoud

JALKH Rachid

FAKIH Najib, Salim, Al

JAROUDI Mohamed Abdelkader

FARAH Michel, Petraki

JISR Bassem, Muhammad, Al

FARAH Naoum

JISR Samir, El

FARES Georges, Charles

JOKHADARIAN Hagop

FARES Marwan

JOREIGE Ramzi, Khalil

FARHAT Abdallah

JREISSATI Joseph, Michel

FARHAT Hassan, Jawad

RABBANI Khaled

FATTOUH Ahmed

KABBARA Mohamed, Abdellatif

FATTOUCHE Nicolas, Michel

KAIROUZ Elie

FAWAZ Said, Muhammad

KAISSI Muhieddine

FAYAD Alexandre, Gabriel

KANAAN Ibrahim

FENIANOS Camille

KARAM Simon

FRANGIEH Antoine, Hanna

KAWAS Hassan Nabil, Muhammad Aboul Fadel

GEMAYEL Pierre, Amine

KHADIGE Georges, Michel

GERMANOS Assaad, Youssef

KHAOUAM Maurice, Joseph

GERMANOS Sami, Youssef

KHATIB Zäher, Anwar, Al

GHANDOUR Abdel Basset, Aoun

KHAZEN Walid, El, Cheikh

GHANEM Antoine

KHEIR Antoine, Albert

GHANEM Georges, Tanios

KHEIR Saleh Abu Kazem

GHANEM Ghaleb

KHOURY Farid, Elias, El

GHANEM Robert

KHOURY Issam

GHOSN Nicolas

KHOURY Michel, Youssef, El

GHOSTINE Charles, Camille

KHOURY Rafik, Khalil

HAGE Antoine, Rachid, El

KHOURY Tanios 568

BROAD SURVEY KLIMOS Antoine

SAAD Victor, Majid

KOBERSY Abdullah

SAAD Violette, Majid

KRONFOL Zouhair, Anis

SABBAGHA Emile

KYRILLOS Jean, Mansour

SADEK Muhammad Ali, Abdul-Hussein

LAHOUD Henri, Lahoud

SAFA Elie, Rachid

LAHOUD Nasri

SAFA Pierre, Rachid

MADIAli

SAHILI Nawar

MADI Hatem

SALAMEH Rachad, Boulos

MAHMASSANI Ghaleb

SALEH Nabil, Anis

MAJED Khalil, Mohamed

SALEH Samir, Anis

MAKHLOUF Emile

SALWAN Nehmé

MALLAT Georges, Chibli

SEIFEDDINE Ghazi

MALLAT Hyam, Georges

SIOUFI Marcel, Georges

MALLAT Wajdi, Chibli

SLIM Mohsen, Mahmoud

MAMRA Adel, Mikhail

SOUEID Ahmad, Assaad

MANSOUR Moustapha, Ahmad

SOUGHAYAR Fouad, Michel

MASSABKI Jacqueline

SOUMRANI Michel

MATTAR Salah, Assaad

TEBBO Mahmoud, Toufic

MIRZA Saïd

TOHME Adib Y.

MISKAWI Omar, Kamel

TORBEY Henri, Cortbey

MOALLEM Ahmed, Aref

TOR SARKISSIAN Serge

MOGHAIZEL Fadi

TRABOULSI Sleiman

MOKADDEM Afif

TYAN Nady

MOUFARRIGE Georges, Toufic

WAKIM Najah, Anis

MOUKHAIBER Henri, Abdennour

WANNOUS Badr

MOUKHEIBER Ghassan

YAZBEK Georges

MOURAD Naaman, Joseph

YAZBEK Pierre, Georges

MOUSSA Victor, Habib

YOUNES Nabil

MURR Elias Michel

ZAIDAN Georges, Zeidan

NAAMAN Issam, Hussein

ZEAITER Ghazi

NAFFAH Fouad, Georges

ZEIN Maroun, Antoun

NAJJAR Ibrahim, Albert

ZEIN Suleiman, Muhammad Rida

NAJM Emile

ZIADE Camille, Louis

NASSAR Amine, Fares

ZIADE Tarek, Muhammad

NOUR Elie, Georges

ZOUK Kabouli

OSSEIRAN Sameh, Rached PAKRADOUNI Karim

MEDICINE

PHARES Walid, Halim

ABDELAZIZ Kassem

RAPHAEL Moussa, Elias

ABI AAD Abdallah, Najib

RAPHAEL Sa'ud, Youssef

ABOUATME Joseph, Fares, Dr.

RIFAAT Hassan-Tabet, Jamil

ABOUSLEIMAN Chahine, Assaad

RIFAI Hassan Khaled, Abdelraouf

ABOUSSOUAN Marcel, Nabih

RIZK Bahjat, Edmond

ABULHUSN Suleiman, Hussein

RIZK Edmond. Amine

AKHATCHERIAN Carlo, Yeghia

SAAD Fouad, El

ALLOUCHE Moustapha 569

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008

AMMAR Walid, Dr ANAISSIE Elias ANHOURY Roland ANTAKLY Marie-Claire, Joseph ANTYPAS Philip, Georges AOUN Jean-Paul ARAMOUNI Philippe ARAMOUNY Elie, Georges ARRAJI Assem, Dr. ASMAR Asmar, Ibrahim ASMAR Bechara, Louis, El ASSAAD Said, Al ASSI Chahine, Alexandre ATIYAH Fouad, Samuel ATWEH Samir, Fouad AWAD Mahmoud, Ibrahim AYOUB Wadih AZZI Edmond, Suleiman BAKHOS Marcel, Naoum BARAKA Anis, Dr. BAROODY Maurice BAYEH David, Nagib BEDRAN Farid BENDALY Marcel, Alexandre BEROUTI René, Jean BIKHAZI Kamal, Jibran BIRBARI Adii, Elias BISSAR Abdallah BITAR Dimitri, Dr. BITAR John, George BOU DAGHER Fadia (Ghossayn) BOUEZ Albert BOUSTANY Fouad, Najib BOUSTANY Yahya, Fouad Efrem CHAB Bassem CHALA Joseph

CHIDIAC Jose Johann CHOUCAIR Walid DACCACHE Pierre, Abdo DANDACHI Azzam DAOUD Rached Elias DAOUD Robert, Joseph DAOUK Ahmad DAOUK Zouheir DEMIRDJIAN Nourijian, Ohannes DJERDJIAN Yeghia, Dr. DOUMIT Mounir ELIANE Edouard, Joseph FAKHOURY Oussama, Raif FATFAT Ahmed GEADAH Fouad, Adib GEBARA Ibrahim, Nicolas GEDEON Edgard, Salim GEDEON-MAROUN Roger, Salim GERGES Fadi GERMANOS Sobhi, Georges GHOSN Georges, Assaad GHOSSAIN Antoine, Chahine GHOSTINE Salim, Yacoub HABCHI Tareq, Boutros HACHEM Kassem HADDAD Antoine, Dr. HADDAD Elie, Dib HADDAD Farid, Sami HADDAD Fuad, Sami HADDAD Nadim, A. HADDAD Raja, Elias HAFFAR Moustapha, Badr HAJJAR Joseph, Yacoub Abdo HAKIM Nadey HANACHE Kamal, Antoine HARFOUCHE Jamal, Ghattas Karam HATEM Joseph, Mourad HATOUM Piaton, Assad HELOU Albert, Nakhlé HITTI Antoine

CHATILA Abdel Rahman, Saadallah CHECRALLAH Elie, Antoine CHEDID Esber, Georges CHEDID Philippe CHEDID Sylvie CHEMALI Fouad, Mikhael CHEMALY Raymond CHIDIAC César, Camille CHIDIAC Georges, Yussef

HOMSY Fathallah, Constantin HONEIN Antoine, Khalil HOURYAmmar, Omar HOVNANIAN Sebouh HUSSAMI Sami, Jamil 570

BROAD SURVEY

HUSSEINI Hachem Husseini, Ali ISSAL-KHOURY Gabriel ITANI Bahaeddine JABBUR Suhayl, J. JAMBART Sélim KANAAN Suleiman, Boulos, Dr. KARAM Antoine KARAM Farid, Karam KARAM Karam KARAM Khalil KARAME Elias, Constantin KHALAF Simon KHALIFE Mohamed, Jawad KHALIL Youssef KHAOULI Raja, Najib KHEIRNabih, Philippe KHOURY Antoine, Selim KHOURY Walid KYRIAKOS Sami LAHAM Edouard, Issa LOURYAN Zaven, Minas MAALOUF Camille MAALOUF Jean, Mourad MAJDALANI Atef, Dr. MAJDALANI Ernest, Gabriel MALAK Johnny, Antoine MASSOUD Edmond, Rachid MATTAR Michel, Elias MECHELANY Elie, Farès MEGARBANE Elie, Georges MEGARBANE Jean-Marie. Prof MEISS Mohamed Ali MELKI Loutfalla MENDELEK Victor, Boulos MEOUCHY Rafie

NAAMAN Nabil, Mitri NAAMAN Najla, Hussein NAAMAN Roger, Elie NACCACHE Charles, Bechara NACCACHE Habib, Bechara NADER Antoine, Georges NAFFAH Josette NAHAS Hector, Cesar NAHAS Marcel, Charles NAHRA Khalil, Salim NAJJAR Jamil, Elias NAKIB Ahmad, Aref, An NASR William, Georges NASSAR Nabil, T. NASSAR Sami NICOLAS Nabil, Sabeh NOUJEIM Ziad NUCHO Charles, Nami OBEID Sami, Jabra OSSEIRAN Majed RAHAL Riad REBEIZ Gabriel, Aziz REBEIZ Jean, J. RIACHI Emile, Hanna RIZK Assaad, Toufic RIZK Mourad RUBEIZ Georges, A. SAAD Halim SAAD Oussama, Maarouf SAADE Nayef, E. SAGHIR Haifa, Jamil SAHAKIAN Varouj SAHYOUN Ibrahim, Joseph SALAMOUN Zouheir, Aziz SALEM Antoun, Adib SALEM Philip, Adeeb SALHAB Selim, Emile SERHAL Pierre SERHAL Raymond, Suleiman SINNO Wafic

MOALLEM Chahrazad, Mohieddine MOHANNA Mohamed, Assaad MOHASSEB Gedeon, Mansour MOKDAD Ali, Mohamed MOUKARZEL Fayez, Rahal MOUNLANabil MOUSSA Michel, Hanna MOUSSALLI Aida Renée-Jeanne MROUEH Adnan, M. MUAKKASSA Wael, Fuad

STEPHAN Edouard, Hassib SUCCARIEH Ismail SUIDAN Fayez, Gead TABBARA Khalid, Fuad TABBARA Wafic, Soubhi 571

WHO'S· WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 TABET Emile, Michel

BEYDOUN Mohamed, Abdelhamid

TABET Michel, Joseph

BEYDOUN Nazih

TABOURIAN Gerard, Karekin

CHAHINE Rafie, Amine

TAKCH Jamal

CHEHAYEB Akram

TOHME Sami, Youssef

CHERRY Amine

TORBEY Pierre, Khattar

DOUEIHI Estephan, Boutros

TOUMIEH Antoine

EID Said

TRAD Sami, Fouad

FADLALLAH Hassan

TUTELIAN Tzolak, Simon

FADLALLAH Sylvie

WAKIL Elie, Antoine

FERZLI Elie, Najib

YAMMOUT Bassem

FNEICHE Muhammad, Abdilmuttalib

YAZBECK André

FRANGIEH Robert, Suleiman

ZAKIA Tobie

FRANGIEH Suleiman, Tony

ZANANIRI Raoul, Georges

FREIGE Nabile de

ZAYNOUN Shukrallah, Tawfic

GEAGEA Samir

ZAYTOUN George

GEAGEA Setrida, Mrs.

ZEBOUNI Fred, Hanna

GEMAYEL Amine, Pierre, H.E.Sheikh

ZOUAIN Nassib, Adib

GEMAYEL Solange, Mrs. GERMANOS-SOUEID Nouhad, Assaad

POLITICS

GHOSN Fayez

ABDALLAH Ali Ojeij

HABIB Farid

ABDEL KHALEK Mahmoud

HACHEM Joseph, Hachem, Al

ABDO Johny

HACHEM Moustapha, Bey

ABDURRAHMAN Abdurrahman, Muhammad

HADDAD Sami

ABI KHZAM Fouad

HAFIZ Amine, Ismail

ABOU FAOUR Waël

HAIDAR Mohamed

ABOU HAMZE Ramze

HA MADE Marwan, Mohamed

ABOUJAMRA Issam

HAMADE Trad, Kanj

ACHKAR Ghassan, Assad, Al

HANNA Abdallah Raouf

AFRAM Habib

HARDANE Assaad, Halim

AHDAB Aziz

HARIRI Bahia, El

AMINE Abdallah, Mohamed, Al

HINDI Toufic, Razzouk

AMMAR Ali

HMAYED Ayoub

AOUN Michel

HOSS Salim, El

AOUN Samir, Aziz

HOUBALLAH Hassan

ARIDI Ghazi

HRAOUI Mona

ARSLANE Faysal, Majid, Emir

HUSSEINI Hussein

ARSLANE Talal, Majid, Emir

HUSSEIN Moustapha

ATALLAH Elias

ISSAL-KHOURY Kabalan, Chibl

ATTOUE Issam

JALLOUL Ghinwa, Mrs.

AZHOUR Jihad

JOUMBLATT May, Chakib Arslane

BAARINI Wajih

JOUMBLATT Walid, Kamal

BAZZI Ali

KABBANI Muhammad, Jamil

BERRI Nabih, Mustafa

KANAAN Hussein, Sobhi

BERRI Randa, Assi

KANSO Ali Khalil

572

BROAD SURVEY KARAME Ahmed, Moustapha

SUCCAR Nader

KARAME Omar, Abdel Hamid

TABBARA Bahige, Bahige

KASSIR Abdallah, Ahmed

TAWQ Gibrane, Melhem

KHALIL Ali, Hassan

TERRO Alae'ddine, Khodr

KHALIL Antoine, Khalil

TOHME Neeme

KHAZEN Farid

TRABOULSY Adnan, Khodr

KHAZEN Farid, El

WAHID Rida, Hussein

KHOURY Michel, Youssef

YAGHI Sobhi, Mostapha

KHOURY Nicolas

YAKAN Fathi, Mohamad

KHOURY Victor, Youssef

ZAHRA Antoine

KHREISS Hajj Ali

ZEIN Abdel Latif, Youssef, El

LAHOUD Andrée, Emile

ZOUAIN Gilberte, Maurice, Mrs.

LAHOUD Emile, Gen., H.E. President LETAYF Nadim

RELIGION

MAALOUF Edgard, Fouad

ABI AAD Anis, Youssef, Mgr.

MAALOULI Michel, Issa

ABI YOUNES Georges, Saad, Mgr.

MANSOUR Albert, Sami

ABIHAILA Antoine, Nakhlé

MATAR Ghassan

ABINADER Khalil, Mgr.

MENKARA Ahmad, Sami, S

ABOU AB DO Semaan, Rev.

MERHEBI Talal

ABOU JAOUDE Georges, Bechara, Mgr.

MERHEJ Bechara, Jamil

AKIKI Roland

MITRI Tarek

ANDARI Nabil, Mgr.

MOAWAD Nayla, Mrs.

ANDARY Joseph

MOURAD Abdulrahim

ATALLAH Naoum, Louis

MOURAD Mahmoud

ATALLAH Semaan, Tanios, Mgr.

MOUSSAWI Ammar

AUCAGNE Jean, Antoine

MOZAYA Charnel, Gen.

AZZI Joseph, Kalim

NASRALLAH Hasan

BAKOUNY Georges

OBEID Jean

BEYLOUNI Raboula, Antoine

OSSEIRAN Ali, Adel

CHOUFANI Choukrallah

PAKRADOUNIAN Hagop

CORIATY George, Michael, Mgr.

RAAD Hajj Mohamed, Hassan

DAOU Boutros

RAFFI Abdul Majid

DAOUD Ignace Moussa I, His Beatitude

RIFAI Kamel

EID Emile, David Fares

SAAD Antoine

EID Reverend François Zaki

SALAM Tamam, Saeb

EL HACHEM Basile, Boutros

SALEH Abdelmajid

FARAH Augustin, Joseph, Mgr.

SALLOUKH Faouzi

GHAZAL Selim

SAMAHA Michel

HACHEM Boulos-Munged

SAYED Ibrahim, Amine

HADDAD Gregoire, Amine, Mgr.

SAYEGH Faysal

HAJJ Nabil, Mgr.

SINIORA Fuad, Abdel Basset

HARB Choucrallah, Mgr.

SKAFF Elias

HAYEK Ignace Antoine II, H.B. Mgr.

SOLH Leila, Riad, Mrs.

HECHAIME Camille

SOLH Rachid, Anis, As

HITTI Joseph, Habib 573

WHO'S WHO IN LEBANON 2007 - 2008 HOBEIKA Mansour, Mgr

NAAMAN Paul, Assaad

RABBANI Mohammed, Rachid, S.G. Sheikh

NASSAR Elias, Rizkallah, Mgr.

KESHISHIAN Aram I

NERSES Bedros XIX, H.B.

KHAJERIAN Kegham, Mgr.

RAHAL Elias Youssef, Mgr.

KHODR Georges, Mgr.

RAI Bechara, Mgr.

KHOURY Joseph

RAJEH Antoine, Rev.

KHOURY Joseph, Mgr.

ROHBAN Louis, Rizk, Rev.

KHOURY Spiridon, Mgr.

SFEIR Nasrallah, Boutros, His Beatitude

KUWAITER George, Mgr.

TABET Jean, Dib

MANSOUR Jean, Khalil

TABET Marwan

MANSOUR Nazih, Rev. MATAR Boulos, Mgr.

TABET Paul, F., Mgr.

MATAR Hani, Rev.

TANNOURI Boulos, Rev.

MAZLOUM Samir, Mgr.

TANNOUS Youssef

MOHANNA Thomas, Loutfallah

ZAIDAN Sassine

MOUSSA Walid

ZOGHBI Elie, Mgr.

574