Weather and Airborne Organisms

304 8 2MB

English Pages [105]

Recommend Papers

Navigating Weather: A Pilot's Guide to Airborne and Datalink Weather Radar [1 ed.] 9781644251225, 9781644251201

Weather radar information is one of the most valuable tools available to pilots to ensure safe, efficient, and comfortab

120 49 31MB Read more

Weather Folk-Lore and Local Weather Signs

203 90 33MB Read more

82nd Airborne 9781612005379

260 97 75MB Read more

Weather

121 0 51MB Read more

Weather

108 105 137MB Read more

Weather and Climate 9781593398019

498 110 9MB Read more

Man and Weather

236 101 8MB Read more

Weather Analysis and Forecasting

115 68 63MB Read more

Wind and Weather

101 72 3MB Read more

Weather and Weather Instruments for the Amateur [2 ed.]

177 90 4MB Read more

Weather and Airborne Organisms

Author / Uploaded
World Meteorological Organization

0 0 0
Like this paper and download? You can publish your own PDF file online for free in a few minutes! Sign Up

File loading please wait...

Citation preview

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX CONTENTS

& FOREWORD

. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . ....".

SlJ+lARY (English, French, Russian,

Chapter 1

-

2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 Chapter 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.1.1 3.1.1.2 3.1.1.3 3.1.2

. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . VII

...................................................

Aerobiology and meteorology ...................................... Layout of the report ............................................. Users of the report .............................................. ..“.............. Acknowledgements .................................

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Chapter 2

INTROWCTION

Spanish)

-

WEATHER CHANGES

V

................................................

1 1 ; 3 4

Diurnal variation of clouds ...................................... Sudden changes of clouds ......................................... Rain ............................................................. Rain changes ..................................................... Diurnal variation of rain ........................................ Sudden changes in rain ...........................................

4 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 11 11 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 16

LIVING THINGS IN THE AIR .......................................

17

Take-off ......................................................... Active take-off .................................................. spores ........................................................... Seeds ............................................................ Insects .......................................................... Passive take-off . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .

17 17 18 19 19 22

Temperature ...................................................... Temperature changes .............................................. Diurnal variation of temperature ................................. Sudden changes of temperature "..........................? ........ Humidity ......................................................... Humidity changes ................................................. Diurnal variation of humidity .................................... Sudden changes of humidity ....................................... Wind ............................................................. Wind changes ..................................................... Diurnal variation of wind ........................................ Sudden changes of wind ........................................... Cloud ............................................................ Cloud changes .....................................................

-

START

INDEX IV

CONTENTS

Viruses and bacteria ............................ .......................................... Spores Pollen .......................................... Seeds ........................................... ............................. Insects and spiders .................................... Displacement Paths of airborne organisms not flying ......... Paths of flying insects ........................ Flight within an insect’s boundary layer ........ ......... Flight above on insect’s boundary layer Displacements on the global scale ............... Displacements on the synoptic scale ............. .................. Displacements on the mesoscale ................ Displacements on the small scale .................... Dispersion and concentration ................... Dispersion of airborne spores Spore dispersion upwards ........................ Spore dispersion downwind ....................... .................. Dispersion of airborne insects ....................... Insect dispersion upwards Gathering together of airborne insects .......... Landing .............................................. Active landing ...................................... ..................................... Passive landing ............................................ Fall-out Bumping ............................................. ............................................ Wash-out ................................ Thinning of a cloud ................ Forecasting changes in cloud density Death in the air ....................................

3.1.2.1 3.1.2.2 3.1.2.3 3.1.2.4 3.1.2.5 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.2.1 3.2.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.1.1 3.3.1.2 3.3.2 3.3.2.1 3.3.2.2 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.2.1 3.4.2.2 3.4.2.3 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.5 Chapter

4

-

5.1 5.1.1

5.1.2 5.2

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOPNEWATICNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._........ Conclusions ....................................................... Recommendations for further work .................................. .............................................. Information services .......................................................... Research Weather thresholds and triggers ................................... ................................................... Trap efficiency Upward spread ..................................................... Air paths ......................................................... Cloud thinning ....................................................

4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.2.1 4.2.2.2 4.2.2.3 4.2.2.4 4.2.2.5 Chapter

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ...........

5

-

BIBLIDGRAWY .................................................... ........................................... Books and review papers Meteorology ....................................................... ....................................................... Aerobiology ......................................................... Articles

., .

22 24 26 27 28 29 29 30 32 34 35 42 48 52 54 56 56 57 59 59 60 64 64 65 65 65 67 68 69 70 72 72 73 73 73 74 74 74 74 75 76 76 ;; 78

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX

START

INDEX