Vehicle Battery Fires: Why They Happen and How They Happen 0768081432, 9780768081435
Battery Fires: Why They Happen and How They Happen was written to assist those interested in this type of incident under
301 71 46MB
English Pages 240 Year 2017
Table of contents :
Front Matter
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1: History of the Battery
1.1 Early Beginnings and Experiments
1.2 The Lead-Acid Battery
1.3 Early Lead-Acid Battery Designs
References
Chapter 2: Battery Designs
2.1 Basic Concepts
2.2 Elements of a Battery
2.3 Lead-Acid Plate Designs
2.4 Insulator and Separator Design Issues
2.5 Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Designs
2.6 Gelled Electrolyte Lead-Acid Designs
2.7 Absorbent (Absorptive) Glass Mat
2.8 Deep-Cycle Battery Designs
2.9 Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Designs
2.10 Dual Battery Technology for Hybrid and All-Electric Vehicles Using Stop/Start Technology
2.11 Casing Design Considerations for Forklifts and Heavy Equipment
2.12 Chemistry of the Lead-Acid Plate Design
References
Chapter 3: Battery Location Design Issues
3.1 Importance of Battery Location for Early Designs
3.2 Design Issues for Later Model Vehicles
3.3 Design Issues for Components Surrounding the Battery
Chapter 4: Direct and Alternating Current
4.1 Generators and Alternators
4.2 Electron Flow
4.3 Battery Ratings
4.4 Failure Mode Differences between AC and DC Electricity
4.5 Charging of a Lead-Acid Battery
References
Chapter 5: Lithium Batteries
5.1 Lithium Primary Batteries
5.2 Lithium-Ion Thionyl Chloride Cell
5.3 Lithium-Ion Perchlorate Manganese Oxide Cell
5.4 Lithium Tetrafluoroborate with Carbon Monofluoride Cathode
5.5 Lithium-Iron Disulfide
5.6 Lithium-Air Battery
5.7 Future Battery and Super-Capacitor Designs
5.8 Failure Characteristics and Issues
References
Chapter 6: Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery
6.1 Hybrid Electric Vehicles
6.1.1 The Beginnings of Hybrid Vehicles
6.1.2 Types of Hybrid Vehicles
References
Chapter 7: Automotive Electrical Fire Science
7.1 Automotive Fire Science Terms
7.2 A Word about Safety
7.3 FMVSS 302—Interior Flammability
7.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard J369
7.5 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard J1344
7.6 Fire Analysis of a Vehicle
7.6.1 Compartmentalization
7.6.2 Engine Compartment
7.7 Electrical Fire Analysis
7.8 Signs of Electrical Heat
7.8.1 Battery Plates
7.8.2 Shrunken or Exploded Remnants of Battery Lugs
7.8.3 Battery Explosion Caused by Outside Influence
7.8.4 Discoloration, Bundle De-stranding, and Fraying of Cables
7.8.5 Heavy-Duty Applications
7.8.6 Electrical Circuit Shorting into Another Circuit
7.8.7 Signs of Electrical Heat on Fusible Links and Fuses Caused by High Circuit Draw
7.8.8 Cratering on Connectors
7.8.9 Formation of Copper Chloride
7.8.10 Electrical Fire Is Not Always a Large-Order Fire Event
7.8.11 Aftermarket Accessories Not Properly Installed
7.8.12 Failure of an Electromechanical Device
References
Back Matter
Glossary
References
Index
About the Author
Front Matter
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1: History of the Battery
1.1 Early Beginnings and Experiments
1.2 The Lead-Acid Battery
1.3 Early Lead-Acid Battery Designs
References
Chapter 2: Battery Designs
2.1 Basic Concepts
2.2 Elements of a Battery
2.3 Lead-Acid Plate Designs
2.4 Insulator and Separator Design Issues
2.5 Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Designs
2.6 Gelled Electrolyte Lead-Acid Designs
2.7 Absorbent (Absorptive) Glass Mat
2.8 Deep-Cycle Battery Designs
2.9 Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Designs
2.10 Dual Battery Technology for Hybrid and All-Electric Vehicles Using Stop/Start Technology
2.11 Casing Design Considerations for Forklifts and Heavy Equipment
2.12 Chemistry of the Lead-Acid Plate Design
References
Chapter 3: Battery Location Design Issues
3.1 Importance of Battery Location for Early Designs
3.2 Design Issues for Later Model Vehicles
3.3 Design Issues for Components Surrounding the Battery
Chapter 4: Direct and Alternating Current
4.1 Generators and Alternators
4.2 Electron Flow
4.3 Battery Ratings
4.4 Failure Mode Differences between AC and DC Electricity
4.5 Charging of a Lead-Acid Battery
References
Chapter 5: Lithium Batteries
5.1 Lithium Primary Batteries
5.2 Lithium-Ion Thionyl Chloride Cell
5.3 Lithium-Ion Perchlorate Manganese Oxide Cell
5.4 Lithium Tetrafluoroborate with Carbon Monofluoride Cathode
5.5 Lithium-Iron Disulfide
5.6 Lithium-Air Battery
5.7 Future Battery and Super-Capacitor Designs
5.8 Failure Characteristics and Issues
References
Chapter 6: Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery
6.1 Hybrid Electric Vehicles
6.1.1 The Beginnings of Hybrid Vehicles
6.1.2 Types of Hybrid Vehicles
References
Chapter 7: Automotive Electrical Fire Science
7.1 Automotive Fire Science Terms
7.2 A Word about Safety
7.3 FMVSS 302—Interior Flammability
7.4 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard J369
7.5 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard J1344
7.6 Fire Analysis of a Vehicle
7.6.1 Compartmentalization
7.6.2 Engine Compartment
7.7 Electrical Fire Analysis
7.8 Signs of Electrical Heat
7.8.1 Battery Plates
7.8.2 Shrunken or Exploded Remnants of Battery Lugs
7.8.3 Battery Explosion Caused by Outside Influence
7.8.4 Discoloration, Bundle De-stranding, and Fraying of Cables
7.8.5 Heavy-Duty Applications
7.8.6 Electrical Circuit Shorting into Another Circuit
7.8.7 Signs of Electrical Heat on Fusible Links and Fuses Caused by High Circuit Draw
7.8.8 Cratering on Connectors
7.8.9 Formation of Copper Chloride
7.8.10 Electrical Fire Is Not Always a Large-Order Fire Event
7.8.11 Aftermarket Accessories Not Properly Installed
7.8.12 Failure of an Electromechanical Device
References
Back Matter
Glossary
References
Index
About the Author
- Author / Uploaded
- Greg Barnett
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