Table of contents : Preface Back Story Contents About the Editors Contributors Chapter 1: Profiling Developmental Learning for Students with Additional Needs (SWANs) 1.1 Introduction References Chapter 2: Competence Assessment 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Measurement 2.3 Instructional Implications 2.4 Reporting References Chapter 3: Functional Communication Competence for Students with Additional Needs 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Designing the SWANs Communication Assessment 3.3 Trials of the Communication Assessment 3.4 Development of a Learning Progression 3.5 Using the Learning Progression to Set Instructional Goals 3.6 Using the Learning Progression to Identify Teaching Programs 3.7 Summary References Chapter 4: Using Symbols to Make Meaning: Functional Literacy for Students with Additional Needs 4.1 Designing the SWANs Literacy Assessment 4.2 Trial of the Literacy Items 4.3 Development of the Literacy Learning Progressions 4.4 Using the Learning Progression to Identify Teaching Programs References Chapter 5: Interpersonal Competence for Students with Additional Needs 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Construction of a Criterion-Referenced Framework for Interpersonal Processes 5.2.1 Using the Insights of Practitioners in the Construction Process 5.2.2 Outlining the Domain of Inquiry 5.2.3 Establishment of Strands 5.2.4 Identifying Capabilities and Behavioural Indicators 5.2.5 Differentiating Performance Quality 5.2.6 Data Collection 5.3 Data Analysis and Continuum Construction 5.4 Discussion References Chapter 6: Cognitive Skills – Students with Additional Learning Needs and Autism Spectrum Disorder 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Victorian Students with Additional Learning Needs 6.1.2 Related Research 6.2 Methodology 6.2.1 Participants 6.2.2 SWANs Cognitive Skill Instrument 6.2.3 Data Analysis 6.2.4 Establishing Progressions with Expert Panelling 6.3 Results 6.3.1 Initial Analyses 6.3.2 Analyses on Divided Data Set 6.3.3 Empirical Establishment of Progressions 6.4 Discussion References Chapter 7: Profiling Transitions in Emotional Development for Students with Additional Learning Needs 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Victorian Essential Learning Standards for Students with Additional Learning Needs 7.3 Importance of Inclusion of Emotional Learning Progress 7.4 Creating a Standards-Referenced Framework 7.4.1 Identification of Components, Indicators and Developmental Criteria 7.4.2 Development of an Observation Questionnaire 7.5 Data Collection 7.6 Calibration of the Observation Questionnaire and Establishment of Levels of Emotion Development 7.7 Comparison of Levels on the Derived Scale of Emotion with VELS Stages of Learning 7.8 Conclusions References Chapter 8: The Development of Problem-Solving Rubrics to Define Learning Progressions for Students with Additional Needs 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Method 8.2.1 Participants 8.2.2 Workshops 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.3.1 Review of the Construct Definition 8.3.2 Review of Strands and Capabilities 8.3.3 Review of Indicators of Skill and Understanding 8.3.4 Mapping the Rubrics to a Progression 8.3.5 Targeting Instruction to the Learning Progression 8.4 Conclusion References Chapter 9: Assessing and Understanding Early Numeracy for Students with Additional Learning Needs 9.1 Introduction 9.1.1 The Role of the Teacher 9.1.2 Building Learning Progressions from Criterion-Referenced Frameworks 9.2 Method 9.2.1 Participants 9.2.2 Materials 9.2.3 Analysis 9.3 Results and Discussion 9.3.1 Initial Analysis 9.3.2 DIF Analysis 9.4 Conclusion References Chapter 10: Understanding and Mapping Digital Literacy for Students with Disability 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Developing and Mapping the Construct 10.2.1 Living in the Digitised World 10.2.2 Digital Technology as Tool or Instrument 10.2.3 Literacy in a Sociocultural Constructivist Framework 10.2.4 Conceptual Approaches to Digital Literacy 10.2.5 Definition of the Construct of Digital Literacy 10.3 Developing the SWANs Digital Literacy Assessment 10.3.1 Applying S. E. Dreyfus and Dreyfus’ (1980) Taxonomy 10.3.2 Drafting the Indicative Behaviours 10.3.3 Drafting the Quality Criteria 10.3.4 Pairwise Comparisons 10.3.5 Piloting and Panelling 10.4 Collecting Data on Student Digital Literacy Ability 10.4.1 Demographic Backgrounds 10.4.2 Psychometric Analysis 10.5 Crafting the Digital Literacy Learning Progression 10.5.1 Setting Cut Points 10.5.2 Developing Level Descriptions 10.5.3 Standard Setting 10.5.4 Extent of the Match – Hypothesised and Derived Progressions 10.6 Summary References Chapter 11: Supporting Motor Learning in the Classroom for Students with Motor Performance Needs 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Development of a Learning Progression 11.3 Sourcing the Findings of Research 11.3.1 An Accessible Domain Description 11.3.2 Conceptualisation of Motor Skill Advance 11.3.3 Classroom-Important Motor Aspects and Skills 11.4 Method 11.4.1 Determining Subject Matter Experts 11.4.2 Achieving a Developmental Description of the Learning Domain 11.4.3 Differential Weighting of Item Steps by Pairwise Comparison 11.4.4 Trialling the Items by Assessment of Students with Physical Disability 11.5 Results 11.5.1 The Multidimensionality of the Learning Domain 11.5.2 Standard Setting 11.5.3 Cut-Points 11.5.4 Devising Level Descriptions 11.6 Conclusion References Chapter 12: Thinking Skills Instructional Strategies: Teaching Students with Additional Needs to be Better Thinkers 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Thinking Skills Learning Progression 12.3 Method 12.3.1 Workshop Participants 12.3.2 Materials 12.4 Workshop Activities and Results 12.5 Discussion 12.6 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Using Differential Item Functioning to Validate a Judgement-Based Assessment of Emergent Literacy for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Method 13.2.1 Participants 13.2.2 Materials 13.2.3 The Partial Credit Model and Differential Item Functioning 13.3 Results and Discussion 13.3.1 Differential Step Functioning (DSF) 13.4 Conclusion References Chapter 14: A Curriculum for Students with Additional Needs 14.1 Curriculum Design Based on Principles of Equitable Access to Education 14.2 Curriculum Design in Practice 14.3 Abilities Based Learning and Education Support (ABLES) 14.4 Conclusion References Appendix: Learning Progressions for Students with Additional Needs