Three Women in Dark Times: Edith Stein, Hannah Arendt, Simone Weil 0801435722, 9780801435720

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THREE WOMEN IN DARK TIMES

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Three Women in Dark Times EDITH STEIN, HANNAH ARENDT, SIMONE WEIL

or Amor fati, amor mundi

Sylvie Courtine-Denamy translated from the French hy G. M. Goshgarian

Cornell University Press Ithaca and London

Originally published by Editions Albin Michel S.A., 1997, under the title Trois femmes dans de sombres temps: Edith Stein, Hannah Arendt, Simone Weil; or, Amor fati, amor tnundi. The publisher gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the French Ministry of CultureCentre national du livre. Copyright © 2000 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2000 by Cornell University Press. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Courtine-Denamy, Sylvie. [Trois femmes dans de sombres temps. English] Three women in dark times : Edith Stein, Hannah Arendt, Simone Weil / Sylvie CourtineDenamy ; translated from the French by G.M. Goshgarian. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8014-3572-2 (alk. paper) I. Stein, Edith, Saint, 1891-1942. 2. Arendt, Hannah. 3. Weil, Simone, 1909-1943. 4. Women philosophers—Europe—Biography. 5. Jewish philosophers—Europe— Biography. I. Title. B3332.S674 C6813 2000 181 '.06—dc21 00-010475 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetablebased, low-VOC inks, and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. Books that bear the logo of the ESC (Forest Stewardship Council) use paper taken from forests that have been inspected and certified as meeting the highest standards for environmental and social responsibility. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing

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FSC Trademark © 1996 Forest Stewardship Council A.C. SW-COC-098

2,1

To the Valiant: J. R, Gaspard, and Alban. La Meriseraie, August

ippj

The Greek philosophers whom one calls Stoics say that one must love fate; that one must love everything that fate brings, even when it brings misfortune. Simone Weil, Letter to Antonio

Contents

Acknowledgments Prologue

xi I

Part L The Formative Years

Three Childhoods Schooling and Teachers

7 11

^'‘Afnicus Plato, magis arnica veritas’'' (Aristotle): Criticizing Their Teachers

23

Three Ways of Being a Woman

35

Amor Fati and the Fate of the Jews

41

Part IF Commitment to the Things of This World (1933-1939) 1933

55

1935

63

1936 1938 1939

8i 91 108

Part IIL Exile (1940-1943)

1940

131

1941

152

1942

165

1943

187

Epilogue

202

X

Contents Notes

223

Bibliography

251

Index

263

Acknowledgments

he author thanks the Committee for Philosophy at the French Centre national des Lettres for a grant that made it a great deal easier to complete this work. She also expresses her gratitude to Pierre Trotignon for his painstaking and balanced reading of the manuscript and to Jerome Kohn and Ursula Ludz for making unpublished texts by Hannah Arendt available to her. S.C.-D.

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Bibliography

Works by Hannah Arendt (Wo7‘ks originally published in Gei'man are here listed in both English and, where appro¬ priate, German language editions.)

Books Cyises of the Republic: Lying in Politics, Civil Disobedience, On Violence, Thoughts on Politics and Revolution. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Viking, 1963. Eight Exercises in Political Thought: Between Past and Futm'e. New York: Viking, 1968. Essays in Understanding, ipyo-ipy^. Ed. Jerome Kohn. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994-

The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958. The Jew as Pariah: Jewish Identity and Politics in the Modefii Age. Ed. Ron H. Eeldman.

New York: Grove, 1978. Der LiebesbegrijfbeiAugustin. Berlin: J. Springer, 1929. The Life of the Mind. 2 vols. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978. Love and Saint Augustine. Ed. and Trans. Joanna V. Scott and Judith C. Stark. Chi¬

cago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Men in Dark Times. New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1968. On Revolution. Harmondsworth, Great Britain: Penguin, 1979. The Origins of Totalita^ianisju. ist ed. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1951. The Origins of Totalita?-ianism. 3d ed. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Harvest Books, 1973-

Rahel Varnhagen: Lebensgeschichte einer deutschen Jiidin aus der RomajUik. Munich:

Piper, 1959.

251

252

Bibliography

Rah el Vamhagen: The Life of a Jewess. Ed. Liliane Weissberg. Trans. Richard and Clara Winston. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. Sechs Essays. Schriften der Wandlung 3. Heidelberg: Lambert Schneider, 1948. Die verbotgene Tradition: Acht Essays. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1976. JVas ist Politik?: Eragniente aiis dem Nachlaf. Ed. Ursula Ludz. Munich: Piper, 1993.

Correspondence Between Eriends: The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy, Ed. Carol Brightman. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1995. CojTespondence Hannah Arendt-Karl Jaspers, ipiS-igSp. Trans. Robert and Rita Kimber. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. Hannah Arendt-Karl Jaspers: Briefwechsel, ip26-ip6p. Ed. Lotte Kohler and Hans Sauer. Munich: Piper, 1985. Hannah Arendt-Manhi Heidegger: Briefe, ipzy-ipjy. Ed. Ursula Ludz. Frankfurt: Vittorio Klostermann, 1998.

Articles and Essays “Aufklarung und Judenfrage.” Zeitschrift fur die Geschichte derjuden in Deutschland 4 (1932): 65-77. “Can the Jewish-Arab Question Be SoWtAV Aufbau, 17 December 1943, p. i and 31, December 1943, p. i. “Ein christliches Wort zur Judenfrage.”5 June 1942, p. 19. “Collective Responsibility.” In Amor Mundi: Explorations in the Eaith and Thought of Hannah Arendt. Ed. James W. Bernauer. Boston: Nijhoff, 1987, pp. 43-50. “Der Dank vom Hause Juda? Offener Brief an Jules Romains.” Aufbau, 24 October 1941, p. 7. ‘‘‘‘The Deputy: Guilt by Silence?” In Amor Mundi: Exploitations in the Eaith and Thought of Hannah Arendt. Ed. James W. Bernauer. Boston: Nijhoff, 1987, pp. 51-58. “Die Entrechteten und Entwiirdigten.”15 December 1944, pp. 13, 16. “Franzosische politische Literatur im ExiV’ Aufbau, 26 February 1943, pp. 7-8, and 26 March 1943, p. 8. “From the Dreyfus Affair to France Tod^iy.” Jewish Social Studies 4 (1942): 195-240. “Ftir Ehre und Ruhm des jiidischen YoXk&s.''’ Aufbau, 21 April 1944, pp. 1,2. “Gaste aus dem Niemandsland.”30 June 1944, p. 15. “Die jiidische Armee—Der Beginn einer jiidischen Politik?” Aufbau, 14 January 1941. Reprinted in Die Krise des Zionismus: Essays und Kommentare, 2 vols., vol. 2, ed. Eike Geisel and Klaus Bitterman, pp. 167-170. Critica Diabolis 23. Berlin: Tiamat, 1989. “Keinen Kaddisch wird man singeM' Aufbau, 19 June 1942, p. 19. “Eine Lehre in sechs Schu^eM' Aufbau, ii August 1944, P- 15. “Martin Heidegger at 80.” Trans. Albert Hofstadter. New York Review of Books 17, no. 6 (21 October 1971), pp. 50-54. “Mit dem Riicken an der Wand.” Aufbau, 3 July 1942. Reprinted in Die Krise des Zion-

Bibliography

253

isnius: Essays und Kommentare. i vols., vol. 2, ed. Eike Geisel and Klaus Bitterman, pp. 184-86. Critica Diabolis 23. Berlin: Tiamat, 1989. “Papier und Wirklichkeit.” ydw/Z'/??/, 10 April 1942, pp. 15, 16. “Portrait of a Period.” Menorah Jouffial 31 (1943): 307-314. Review of Bruno Weil, Historia del Crimen J^idicial mas Escandaloso del Sigh XEK. Jew¬ ish Social Studies 5 (1943): 205. Review of Howard L. Brooks, Prisoners of Hope. Jewish Social Studies 5 (1943): 79-80. “Die ‘sogenannte Jiidische Armee.’Aufhau., 22 May 1942. Reprinted in Die Krise des Zionismus: Essays und Kommentare. 1 vols., vol. 2, ed. Eike Geisel and Klaus Bitter¬ man, pp. 179-183. Critica Diabolis 23. Berlin: Tiamat, 1989. “Die Tage der Wandlung.” 28 July 1944, p. 16. “Des Teufels Redekunst.”8 May 1942, p. 20. “Die wahren Griinde fiir Theresienstadt.”3 September 1943, p. 21. “Was bleibt? Es bleibt die Muttersprache.” In Gesprdche mit HannahAfrndt. Ed. Adelbert Reif. Munich: Piper, 1976, pp. 9-34. “Was geht in Erankreich vorV Aufbau, 25 September 1942, p. 18. “We Menorah Journal 31 (1943): 69-77. “Why the Cremieux Decree Was Abrogated.” Contemporary Jewish Record 6 (1943): 115-23.

Works by Edith Stein [Teresia Benedicta a Cruce] (Works originally published in German are here listed in both German and, where avail¬ able, English language editions.)

Collected Works Werke. Ed. Lucy Gelber and Romaeus Leuven. Ereiburg: Herder, 1950-. Vol.

I

(1983): Kreuzeswissenschaft: Studie iiber Johannes a Cruce, 2d ed.

Vol. 2 (1950): Endliches und ewiges Sein: Versuch eines Aufstieges zum Sinn des Seins. Vol. 3 (1952): Thomas Aquinas, Untersuchungen iiber die Wahrheit (Quaestiones disputatae de veritate). Ed. and trans. Edith Stein. Vol. 5 (1959): Die Frau: Ihre Aufgabe nach Natur und Gnade. Vol. 6 (1962): Welt und Person: Beitrag zum christlichen Wahrheitsstreben. Vol. 7 (1985): Aus dem Eeben einer judischen Familie. Das Leben Edith Steins: Kindheit und Jugend. Vol. 8 (1976): Selbstbildnis in Briefen, Part i: 1916-1934. Vol. 9 (1976): Selbstbildnis in Briefen, Part 2: 1934-1942. [Vol. 10 {Biography} (1983): Romaeus Leuven, Heil im Unheil. Das Leben Edith Steins: Reife und Vollendung. Trans. Sister Bernalda.] Vol. II (1987): Verborgenes Leben: Hagiographische Essays, Meditationen, geistliche Texte. Collected Works. Washington: Institute of Carmelite Studies, 1986-. Vol. I (1986): Life in a Jewish Family: Her Unfinished Autobiographical Account. Trans. Josephine Koeppel.

254

Bibliography

Vol. 2 (1996): Essays on Women. 2d ed. Trans. Freda Mary Oben. Vol. 5 (1993): Self-Ponrait in Lettefs, igi6-ig^2. Trans. Josephine Koeppel.

Other Books Dans la puissance de la croix. Walter Herbstrith, Ed. and trans. T. Soriano. Nouvelle cite, Spiritualite, 1982 [short selections from Stein’s writings]. Die F?mi: Ihre Aufgabe nach Natur und Gnade. Munich, 1949. The Science of the Cross: A Study of St. John of the Cross. Trans. Hilda Graef. London: Burns and Oates, i960. Wege zur inne^-en Stille. Aschaffenburg, 1987. Wie ich in den Koine? Karmel kam. Ed. Maria Amat Neyer. Wurzburg: Echter, 1994. Writings of Edith Stein. Ed. and trans. Hilda Graef. Westminster, Md.: Newman, 1956.

Essays and Remarks “Beitrage zur philosophischen Begriindung der Psychologie und der Geisteswissenschaften. Erste Abhandlung: Psychische Kausalitat.” Jahrbuch fur Philosophie undphdnomenologische Eorschung 5 (1922): i-i 16. “Husserls Phanomenologie und die Philosophie des heiligen Thomas von Aquino: Versuch einer Gegeniiberstellung.” Jahrbuch fur Philosophie und phdnomenologische Eorschung, suppl. vol. (1929): Eestschrift, Edmund Husserl zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet, pp. 315-38. Remarks (in German), in La phenomenologie: Journee d''etude de la societe thomiste. Kain, Belgium andjuvisy. Prance: Cerf [1932], pp. 108-112.

Works by Simone Weil Collected Works (Euvres completes. Published under the direction of Andre A. Devaux and Elorence de Lussy. Paris: Gallimard, 1988-. Vol. i: P?-emiers ecritsphilosophiques (1988). Vol. 2, book

I,

ed. Geraldi Leroy (1988): Ecrits historiqties etpolitiques: Dengagement

syndical, igiy-juillet 1954. Vol. 2, book 2, ed. Geraldi Leroy and Anne Roche (1991): Ecrits historiques et poli¬ tiques: Uexperience ouvriere et Vadieu a la revolution, juillet ig^q-juin 1957. Vol. 2, book 3, ed. Simone Eraisse (1989): Vers la guerre, igyy-igqo. Vol. 6, book

I,

ed. Aylette Degraces et al. (1994): Cahiers, ip^y-septembre 1941.

Other Books Attente de Dieu. Paris: Eayard, 1966. Cahiers. Vol. i. Paris: Plon, 1951. Cahiers. Vol. 2. Paris: Plon, 1953. Cahiers. Vol. 3. Paris: Plon, 1956.

Bibliography

255

La connaissance mmaturelle. Paris: Gallimard, 1950. Ecrits de Londres et demieres lettres. Paris: Gallimard, 1980. Ecrits historiques et politiques. Paris: Gallimard, 1953. L'enracinement. Paris: Gallimard, 1949. First and Last Notebooks. Trans. Richard Rees. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. Formative Writings, igig-ipqi. Ed. and Trans. Dorothy Tuck McFarland and Wilhelmina Van Ness. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987. Gateway to God. Ed. and trans. David Raper. Glasgow: Collins, Fontana Books, 1974. Gravity and Grace. Trans. Arthur Wills. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Intimations of Christianity Among the Ancient Greeks. Ed. and trans. Elisabeth Chase Geissbuhler. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957. Intuitionsprechretiennes. Paris: Fayard, 1985. Lemons de philosophie. Ed. Anne Reynaud-Guerithalut. Paris: Plon, 1989. Lectures on Philosophy. Trans. Hugh Price. London: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Letter to a Priest. Trans. A. E Wills. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1953. Lettre a un religieux. Paris: Gallimard, 1951. The Need for Roots: Prelude to a Declaration of Duties toward Mankind. Trans. Arthur Wills. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1952. The Notebooks of Simone Weil, ip40-ipq.2. Trans. Arthur Wills. 2 vols. London: Rout¬ ledge and Kegan Paul, 1956. On Science, Necessity, and the Love of God. Ed. and trans. Richard Rees. London: Ox¬ ford University Press, 1968. Oppression and Liberty. Trans. Arthur Wills and John Petrie. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958. Pensees sans ordre concemant Vamour de Dieu. Paris: Gallimard, 1962. La pesanteur et la grace. Paris: Plon, 1988. Selected Essays, Z951-1944. Ed. and trans. Richard Rees. London: Oxford University Press, 1962. Seventy Letters. Ed. and trans. Richard Rees. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. The Simone Weil Reader. Ed. George A. Panichas. London: Moyer Bell, 1977. La source grecque. Paris: Gallimard, 1953. Sur la science. Paris: Gallimard, 1966. Waiting on God. Trans. Emma Craufurd. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951.

Essays and Correspondence “Deux lettres a Huguette Baur.” Cahiers Simone Weil 17, no. i (March 1994). “Un echange de lettres entre Simone Weil et Jacques Maritain.” Cahiers Simone Weil 3, no. 2 (June 1980). “Factory Work.” Trans. Felix Giovanelli. Politics 3, no. ii (December 1946). Fragment of a letter to Emmanuel Mounier. In “Un episode de la guerre d’Espagne vu par Simone Weil.” Cahiers Simone Weil 6, no. 4 (December 1983). “The Legitimacy of the Provisional Government.” Trans. Peter Winch. Philosophical Investigations 53 (1987): 87-98.

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Letter of 1942 to Jean Wahl. Deucalion 4: Eire et pensee, Cahiers de Philosophic 36 (Oc¬ tober 1952), pp. 253-57. Letter to Cahiers du Sud. In Cahiers Simone Weil 10, no. 4 (December 1987). “Lettres de Simone Weil a Gustave Thibon et de Gustave Thibon a Simone Weil.” Cahiers Simone Weil 4, no. 2 (June 1981). “Notre Front populaire: Journal d’un militant.” In Geraldi Leroy, “Simone Weil et le Front populaire.” Cahiers Simone Weil 2, no. i (March 1979).

General Works Alain (Emile Chartier), Les arts et les dieux. Paris: Gallimard, Pleiade, 1958. -. Correspondance avec Elie et Elorence Halevy. Paris: Gallimard, 1957. -. Politiqtie. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1962. -. Propos sur la religmi. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1938. -. Propos d'economique. Paris: Gallimard, Pleiade, 1958. Ancelet-Hustache, J. Convertis du XX' siecle. Paris: Casterman/Foyer Notre-Dame, 1958-

“Archives judiciaires, dossiers de la section speciale de la cour d’appel d’Aix-enProvence, Archives departementales des Bouches-du-Rbone, serie 8 W, dossier 22. Document no. i: piece 119 de la procedure.” Cahiers Simone Weil 17, no. 4 (Dec. 1994). Aron, Raymond. Histoire et politique. Paris: Julliard, 1975. -. Memoires. Paris: Julliard, 1983. Aron, Robert. Histoire de Vichy., 1940-1944. Paris: Fayard, 1954. Auden, W. H. Collected Poems. New York, 1976. Auge, Marc, and Aurelien Moline. Paris, Annees ipyo: Roger-Viollet. Paris: Kazan, 1996. Augstein, Rudolf, et al. Historike?'streit: Die Dokumentation der Kontroverse um die Einziganigkeit der nationalsozialistischenjudenvemichtung. Munich: Piper, 1987. Bataille, Georges. The Blue of Noon. Trans. Harry Mathews. New York: Urizen, 1978. -. (Euvres completes, vol. 3. Paris: Gallimard, 1971. Baumont, Maurice. La faillite de la paix, ipi8-ipyp. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, Peuples et civilisations, 1961. Bedarida, Renee. Les armes de Pesprit: Temoignage chretien, 1941-1944. Editions ouvrieres, 1977. Benichou, R. Ecritsjuifs. Alger, 1957. Benjamin, Walter. “Zentralpark.” In Gesammelte Schriften, vol. i. Ed. Rolf Tiedemann and Hermann Schweppenhauser. Erankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1974. Bernanos, Georges. Correspondance inedite, 1944-194^. Ed. Albert Beguin and Jean Murray. Paris: Plon, 1971. -. A Diary of My Times. Trans. Pamela Morris. London: Boriswood, 1938. -. Essais et ecrits de combat, vol. i. Paris: Gallimard, Pleiade, 1971. Biberstein-Stein, Aufzeichnungen. New York, 1949. Bitoun, Pierre. Les hommes dHriage. Paris: La Decouverte, 1988. Bloy, Leon. Le salut par lesjuifs. Paris: Henri Aniere, 1906.

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-. Le vieiix de la ??iontagne. Mercure de France, 1963, Blum, Leon. Souvenirs sw VAffaire. Paris: Gallimard, 1935 and 1981. Blum, Marie-Louise. “Entretien sur Simone Weil, la Resistance et la question juive.” Cahiers Simone Weil no. 2 (June 1981). Blum, Marie-Louise, and Jacques Madaule. “Temoignages sur Simone Weil.” Cahie?'s Simone Weil 2, no. 4 (December 1979). Boehm, Wilhelmine. Edith Stein a la lumih'e du ressuscite. Trans. Elisabeth de Solms, OSB. Paris: Mediaspaul, 1985. Bourdais, Henri. LaJOC sous VOccupation allemande: Temoignages et souvenirs de Henri Bourdais. Paris: Editions de I’Atelier /Editions ouvrieres, 1995. Bourel, D. “Simone Weil et Samuel-Hugo Bergman.” In Le grand passage. Paris: Albin Michel, 1994. Bouyer, Louis. Women Mystics: Hadewijch of Antwerp, Teresa of Avila, Therhe of Lisieux, Elizabeth of the Trinity, Edith Stein. Trans. Anne Englund Nash. San Erancisco: Ig¬ natius, 1993. Boyer, A. Theodor Herzl. Paris: Albin Michel, 1955. Brecht, Bertolt. Poems, ipiy-igy6. Ed. John Willett and Ralph Manheim. Trans. Edith Anderson et al. New York: Methuen, 1976. Brentano, Eritz, ed. “Briefe Eranz Brentanos an Hugo Bergman.” Philosophical and Phenomenological Research 7(1946-1947). Brightman, Carol. Introduction to Between Eriends: The CotTespondence of Ha?mah Arendt and Mary McCarthy, 7949-1975. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1995. Buber, Martin. On Judaism. Ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. New York: Schocken, 1967. Cabaud, Jacques. Simone Weil a New York et a Londres: Les quinze derniers mois, 7942-7945. Paris: Plon, 1967. Cahiers Paul Claudel 7; La figure dLstuA. Paris: Gallimard, 1968. Canovan, Margaret. Hannah Arendt: A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought. Lon¬ don: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Celine, Louis-Eerdinand. Bagatelles pour tin massacre. Paris: Denoel, 1938. -. Lecole des cadavres. Paris: Denoel, 1938. Claudel, Paul. Letter. \wLesJuifs. Paris: Plon, Presences, 1937. Clausewitz, Carl von. On War. Ed. Anatol Rapoport. Trans. J.J. Graham. London: Penguin, 1982. Closon, Erancis-Louis. “Temoignage sur Simone Weil.” Cahiers Simone Weil 5, no. 3 (septembre 1982). Courtois, R. Edith Stein, file dLsraA.” In Conveitis du XX siecle. Ed. J. Ancelet-Hustache. Paris: Casterman/Eoyer Notre-Dame, 1958. Daniel-Rops, H., ed. Lesjuifs. Paris: Plon, 1937. Defense de la Erance, no. i (15 August 1941). Delattre, Philippe. “Les dernieres annees de Henri Bergson.” Revuephilosophique, no. 38 (March-August 1941). Derrida, Jacques. Politics of Eriendship. Trans. George Collins. London: Verso, 1997. Devaux, A. “Premiere introduction a I’oeuvre d’Edith Stein.” Cahiers universitaires catholiques, J une-J uly 1956. Drieu La Rochelle, Pierre. Gilles. Paris: Gallimard, 1939. Eisner, Lotte. Exiles en Erance. Paris: Maspero.

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Bibliography

Ettinger, Elzbieta. Hannah Arendt^ Martin Heidegger. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. Eraixe, A. “Simone Weil et les Cahiers du Sud.’’’’ Cahiers Simone Weil 12, no. 2 (June 1988). Ereund, Richard. Cahiers Simone Weil 10, no. 3 (September 1987). Euret, Eran^ois. Le passe dhine illusion: Essai sur Pidee communiste au XXe siecle. Paris: R. Laffont/Calmann-Levy, 1995. Gaboriau, Elorent. Edith Stein philosophe. Paris: EAC, 1989. Gide, Andre. Cahiers Andre Gide. Paris: Gallimard, 1973. Gilson, Etienne. Les metamorphoses de la Cite de Dieu. Louvain, 1952. Giniewski, Paul. Simone Weil ou la haine de soi. Paris: Berg International, 1978. Giraudoux, Jean. Pleinspouvoirs. Paris: Gallimard, 1939. Graef, Hilda. Le philosophe et la croix: Edith Stein. Paris: Cerf, 1955. Graetz, H. La construction de Vhistorie juive, followed by Gnosticisme et Judaisme. Ed. and trans. M. Ruben Hayoun. Paris: Cerf, 1992. Greilsamer, Han. Blum. Paris: Elammarion, 1996. Gurian, Waldemar. Bolshevism: An Introduction to Soviet Communism. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1952. -. TheEuturx of Bolshevism. Trans. E. I. Watkin. London: Sheed and Ward, 1936. Halevy, Elie. The Era of Tyrannies: Essays on Socialism and War. Trans. R. K. Webb. London: Penguin, 1967. Hebblethwaite, Peter. Pope John XXIII: Shepherd of the Modem World. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1985. Heidegger, Martin. What Is Called Thinking? Trans. D. Wieck and J. Glenn Gray. New York: Harper and Row, 1968. Herbstrith, Waltraud. Edith Stein: A Biography. Trans. Bernard Bonowitz. San Erancisco: Ignatius, 1985. Hillesum, Etty. Letters from Westerbork. Trans. Arnold J. Pomerans. New York: Pan¬ theon, 1986. Huning, Alois. Edith Stein und Peter Wust: Von der Philosophie zum Glaubenszeugnis. Munster, Westphalia, Germany: Regensberg, 1969. Jamet, C\2i\i 153-55^ 167, 168, 187-89, 197, 203; Gurs camp as, 137-39, 154; Theresienstadt and, 198-99; Weil and, 137, 202-4 Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo, 87 Confederation generale du travail, 82 Conference of Stressa, 64 Confluence, 125 Conrad-Martius, Hedwig, 41, 42 Conscience, 158-59 Consciousness, 26-27, 3° Constant, Bv.Mjamin, 66 Corte, Marcel de, 100 Coty, Francois, 56 Courant, Auguste, 7 Courbe, Monsignor, 178 Creation, 213-16 Cremieux Decree, 135, 198 Croix de Feu, 63, 64, 82, 133, 166 Czechoslovakia, 62, 64, 92, 93, 97, 108, 109, 112, 118, 163 Dachau, 55, 155 Daladier, Edouard, 55, 63, 93, 109, 161 Dandieu, Arnaud, 72 Darlan, Jean-Louis-Xavier-Frangois, 132, 136, 152, 165, 166, 169 Darquier de Pellepoix, 92, 166, 181 Dasein, 29, 30-31 Daudet, Leon, 102, 122, 166 Declaration of the Rights of Man, 180 De-creation, 213 Defense de la France, 135, 153, 169, 188-91 Deitz, Simone, 195 Democracy, 102-3 The Deputy (Hochhuth), 174-75 Desbuquois, Gustave, 105 Descartes, Rene, 18, 22, 25 Detachment, 214 Detoeuf, Auguste, 65 A Diaty of My Times (Bernanos), 86, 91

266

Index

Diaspora, 182 Diogenes Laertius, 216 Disraeli, Benjamin, 120 Divini Redemptoris, 91, 107 Dominicans, 156 Doriot, Jacques, 82 Doumerge, Gaston, 63 Drancy camp, 153, 155, 168, 203 Dreyfus Affair, 46, 51, 63, loi, 102, 121, 122, 162, 198 Drieu la Rochelle, Pierre, no Drumont, Edouard, 46, 122, 198 Dualism, 31 Durruti, Buenaventura, 86, 88 Ecole libre des halites etudes, 188 Eden, Anthony, 190 Eichmann, Karl Adolf, 51, 76-77, 78, 92, 168, 172, 221 Einfiihlung, 15, 204 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 168-69 Eisner, Lotte, 138 England, 109, no, 120, 163-64 Esprit, 62, 71, 84, 87-88, 98, 108, 131, 152, 153

The Essence of Reasons (Heidegger), 32 Ethiopia, 64, 81,93 Ettinger, Elzbieta, 21 Evil, 144, 209, 216 Existentialism, 28-32 Eaith, 26, 50-51, 205, 219, 221-22 Eascism, 84, 86, 88-90, 151; Arendt’s view of, 103, 104, 185; as religion, 124; Weil’s view of, 3, 66, 88, 192-93 Eatherland, 219-22 Eeminism, 36-39 Eessard, Gaston, 154, 157 Eeuchtwanger, Leon, 64 Le Figai'o, 63 Einal Solution, 136, 155 Einland, 110, 131, 175 Elandin, Pierre-Etienne, 64 Eord, Henry, 74 Foi-malism in Ethics and the Non-Formal Ethics of Value (Scheler), 15 Erance: anti-Semitism and, 89, 92, 101-3, 121, 133-35, 197; Arendt on, 101-2; Catholic Church and, 102-4, 177-78, 187; citizenship and, 198; colo¬ nialism and, 119-23; Communist Party and, 63, 66, 82, 84, 97, no; concentra¬ tion camps and, 134, 135, 137-39,

i53-55> 187-89, 197, 203; deportation of Jews and, 177, 187-89, 203; events of 1933 and, 55-56; events of 1935 and, 63-64; events of 1936 and, 81-83; events of 1937 and, 91-94; events of 1939 and, 108-10; events of 1940 and, 131-36; events of 1941 and, 152-55; events of 1942 and, 165-70; events of 1943 and, 187-89; Erench in London and, 193-94; groups and, 71-72; Nazis and, 187-88; right-wing groups and, 63; strikes and, 82, 83, 85; totalitarianism and, 133-34 La France juive (Drumont), 122 Erancis of Assisi, 45 Eranco, Erancisco, 82-83, ^54 Erankfurter, David, 89 Eraternity, 207-8 Das Ftmienproblem der Gegenivart: Fine psycholigsche Bilanz (Ruble), 36 Ereedom, 76, 125 Eree Erench movement, 124, 132, 158, 168, 171-72, 193, 203 Eree German Library, 64 Erenay, Henri, 154, 165, 168, 189 Erench Committee of National Liberation, 189 Erench Foreign Legion, 162, 185 French Resistance, 132, 153, 157, 168-69, 178, 180, 189, 190, 210 French Revolution, 198, 206-7 French thinkers, 27-29 Friedlander, David, 184 Friendship, 210-13 Full Powers (Giroudoux), 161-62 Furet, Francois, 151 Ganne, Father, 158 Gaulle, Charles de, 185, 187-93, 203; Free French and, 132, 168; post-war plans of, 177, 180; United States and, 168-69; Weil and, 192-93 Gaus, Gunter, 35, 36, 62, 77 George, Manfred, 161 Gerlier, Cardinal, 92, 136, 154, 168, 179 German Communist Party, 59-60, 85n German essence, 49-50 Germany: Catholics and, 175; citizenship and, 186; events of 1933 and, 55-56; events of 1936 and, 81-83; events of 1937 and, 91-94; events of 1939 and, 108-10; events of 1940 and, 131-36; events of 1941 and, 152-55; events of 1942 and.

Index 165-70; events of 1943 and, 187-89; na¬ tionalism and, 61; poverty and, 60; Weil on, 88. See also Nazis Gerstell, Alice Ruhle, 36 Gestapo, 58 Gide, Andre, 64, 95-96, 128 Gillouin, Rene, 134, 154 Gilson, Etienne, 28, 29 Girard, Claire, 135 Giraud, Henri-Honore, 168-69, ^^9) 192, 193, 194, 198 Giroudoux, Jean, 65, 109, 119, 161-62, 189 Gnostics, IZ14-46, 213 Gobineau, Arthur de, 121-22 Goebbels, Joseph, 55, 94, 151, 165 Goethe, Johann von, 200, 222 Goldmann, Nahum, 162 Goodness, 208 Gottinger Schule, 14 La Grande Peur (Bernanos), 122 Greeks, 75, 116-17, 128, 217 G7ruelp7-opaganda, 58 G7'ingoire, 82 Group for Social Action, 39 Grynszpan, Hermann, 93-94 Gundlach, Gustav, 105 Gurian, Waldemar, 125, 151, 175, 221 Gurs concentration camp, 137-39, ^54 Guttman, Rosa, 13 Guyotat, Suzanne, 169 Habilitation, 37 Hacha, Emil, 113 Halevy, Elie, 151 Hambresin, Emile, 87 Hasidism, 215 Hebrews, 42, 117, 140-42 Hegel, G. W. E, 68 Heidegger, Martin, 19-22, 25, 27; Arendt’s view of, 26-27; Being and Time, 30, 31; as Nazi, 20, 126-27; ontology and, 29-32; Stein’s meeting with, 37; on thought, 77 Heine, Heinrich, 55 Henriot, Philippe, 178 Herbert, George, 46, 98 Herodotus, 42, 78 Herzl, Theodor, 51, 163, 184 Heydrich, Reinhard Tristan Eugen, 155, 166 The Hidden Encyclical of Pius XI: The Vatican's Lost Oppottunity to Oppose Nazi Racial Poli¬ cies (Passeleq and Suchecky), 57 Hillesum, Etty, 173 Hirschmann, Eather, 204

267

Hitler, Adolf, i, 2, 55, 81, 91, 92, 108, 188; as Caesar, 111-14; Catholic Church and, 175-76; on Communists, 152; fame and, 127, 128; historical antecedents and, 148; on Laval, 170; Mein Kampf 126; powers vested in, 60; Weil on, 118-19, 1^7 Hochhuth, Rolf, 174, 177 Hoeffner, Cardinal, 200 Holland, 131 Homer, 68, 69, 78, 117-18, 128 Honecker, Martin, 37 Honnorat, Helene, 48, 156 Humaneness, 210-11 Humani Gene7-is Unitas, 105 Humanity, 217-18 Humboldt, William von, 184 Hume, David, 25 Hungary, 218 Husserl, Edmund, 13-17,,20, 22, 47, 57; compared with Aquinas, 25-26; world view of, 24-25 Ideas Pertaining to a Purt Phenotnenology of Mind (Husserl), 14-16 Iliad, 68, 116-17, 1^7? i44> ^57 Imagination, 206 Impartiality, 78, 117-18 Imperialism, 3, 120, 148 Indochina, 119-20 Industrial production, 60-61 The Inequality of Human Races (de Gob¬ ineau), 121-22 Institut franyais, 61 Intellectuals, 33, 73, 126-28, 128, 198; Catholic thinkers as, 27-28, 31-32 International Antifascist Rescue Commit¬ tee, 86 International Conference on Culture, 64 International League Against Antisemitism,

89 International Volunteer Brigades, 83, 137 Interracial Justice (LaEarge), 105 Israel, 48, 79-80, 147 Italy, 64, 93, 105-6, 108, 131, 151, 155 Jaegerschmid, Adelgundis, 17 Janet, Claude, 84 Japan, 154, 165 Jaspers, Karl, 18-22, 36, 49, 65, 174, 219; on assimilation, 185-86; practical philos¬ ophy of, 29, 77; “Vom europaischen Geist,” 210 Je suispartout, 56, 89, 92, 99, 108

268

Index

The Jew, 152 Jewish Councils, 131 Jewish Palestine Agency, 190 Jewish Youth Group, 147 Jews, 2, loo-ioi; in Algeria, 198; antiSemitism of, 39-40, 42, 45-46, 48-49, 51, 160-61, 181, 204; Arendt’s view of, 49-51; assimilation and, 103, 121, 182-86, 219; belonging and, 77; carica¬ tures of, 121; as chosen people, 140-51; converts and, 14-15, 17, 24, 104, 173, 177, 181, 183-84, 196; as Germans, 184-86; government and, 163; Jewish army concept and, 162-64, ^99! messianism and, 102; round-ups of, 152-53; specificity and, 185; Stein’s view of, 51, 94, 107, 148-49; survival passion and, 79-80; Weil’s view of, 39-40, 46-47 John Paul II, 200-201 Johnson, Uwe, 8 John XXIII, 48, 106, 176, 208 Jonas, Hans, 19, 20, 35, 36, 200, 222; on Auschwitz, 147-48; on Heidegger, 30; “Immortality,” 128; philosophy of, 27, 29 Jownees Tetudes de la societe thomiste, 25 Jouvenel, Bertrand de, 81 Juifs et antishnites (Lazare), 46 Jiinger, Ernst, 115, 151 Kabbalistic doctrine, 213, 2i4n, 215 Kac, Dr., 203 Kaddish, 200 Kafka, Franz, 103 Kant, Immanuel, 30, 118 Kibbutzim, 79 Klenbort, Chanan, 77 Koestler, Arthur, 138, 140 Kojeve, Alexandre, loi Koyre, Alexandre, loi, 172 Kj'istallnacht, 94, 107 Labor, 71-76; vs. work, 67-68, 71, 73-74 LaFarge, Paul, 56, 72, 105, 175-76 Lamirand, Georges, 134 Lang, Fritz, 59 Langevin, Paul, 64 La Roque, Colonel, 63, 92 Lateran treaty, 175 Latreille, Andre, 146, 177, 178-79 Laval, Pierre, 64, 81, 132, 135, 136, 166-67, 169, 170, 188 Lavater, Johann Kaspar, 184 Lawrence, T. E., 97

Lazare, Bernard, 45-46, 51, 104 League of Nations, 64 Lebrun, Albert, 81, 92, 132 UEffon, 73 Le Senne, Rene, 17 “Les Frangais parlent aux Frangais,” 203 Lessing, Doris, 211 Lettersft'orn Prison (Luxemburg), 36, 85, 217-18

Letters from Westerbork (frLAXtsuva), 173 Levinas, Emmanuel, 143, 144, 205 Liberty, 76, 125 Libres propos, 61 Liebknecht, Karl, 61, 85 Liebknecht, Sonja, 217 Lienhart, Monsignor, 179 Lipps, Theodor, 15 Lithuania, 108 Locarno Pact, 118 Locke, John, 67, 73 Logical Investigations (tiusserl), 13, 14 London Agreement, 64 Lord’s Prayer, 46-47, 159 Love: amorfati, 17, 40, 44, 57, 216, 219; amor mundi, 219-21; as antipolitical, 21-22, 78-79; Arendt’s view of, 78-79; friendship and, 210-14; Weil’s view of, 39, 85, 127, 201-5 “Love” (Herbert), 46, 98 Lubac, Henri de, 146, 158 Luria, Isaac, 213 Luther, Martin, 43 Luxemburg, Rosa, 9, 36, 68, 85, 94, 205, 217-18

Machiavelli, Niccolo, 209 Madagascar, 133 Magnes, Dr., 199 Malraux, Andre-Georges, 64, 85, 91, 96 Mann, Heinrich, 64 Mann, Thomas, 203 Marat, Jean-Paul, 206 Marchandeau Law, 134 Marcion, 145 Marcus Aurelius, 216, 217 Maritain, Jacques, 127, 132, 159, 212-13; on anti-Semitism, 95-96, 98-104; Catho¬ lic Church and, 177; “Le droit raciste et la vraie signification du racisme,” 188; de Gaulle and, 194; Le Mystere dLsjnel, 182-83; Ransoming the Time, 147; in United States, 171; on Vichy, 167; Weil’s letter to, 171-72

Index Maritain, Raissa, 99, 101-2, 104, 133, 177 Martial, Dr., 181 Marx, Karl, 67-68 Marxism: Arendt’s view of, 65-70; revolu¬ tion and, 66-67; utopianism of, 68, 69-70; Weil’s view of, 62, 65-70 Massignon, Louis, 183 Massis, Henri, 136 Mass society, 73-76; secular religion and, 123-26; totalitarianism and, 148-49 Matter, 68 Maurras, Charles, 102, 136, 166 Mauss, Marcel, 33 McCarthy, Mary, 79, 128, 139, 176 Meier, Joseph, 147 Mein Kampf(lrlix\er), 126 Melville, Herman, 207, 208 Mendelssohn, Anne, 58, 184 Les Metamorphoses de la Cite de Dieu (Gilson), 28 Milice, 188 Mit brennender Sorge (Pius XI), 91, 107, 179 Montesquieu, 209 Montherlant, Henri de, 188 Montini, Cardinal. See Paul VI Moses, 141-42 Moulin, Jean, 168, 188, 193 Mounier, Emmanuel, 62, 65, 98, 106, 109, 135, 136, 165 Munich Agreement, 62, 97, 98 Mussolini, Benito, 64, 81, 91 Mutual Assistance Pact, 64 Napoleon III, 198 Narcy, Michel, 195, 213 Nathan the Wise (Lessing), 211 National Council of the Resistance, 193 National French Committee, 132 National Front, 64 Nationalism, 61, 119-20, 142, 198, 210 National Revolution, 133-34, ^54’ ^^9’ 180 National Socialism. See Nazis The Nature and Forms of Sympathy (Scheler), 15

Naurois, Rene, 195 Nazis, 36, 40, 100-102; Arendt and, 20, 89-90; book-burning by, 55, 64; Catholic Church and, 175-76, 179; Christianity and, 99; Communist Party and, 60, 152, 166; Jewish converts and, 173; laws and, 64-65; National Socialism as religion of, 123-24; passivity toward, 60; scientists

269

and, 126-27; Stein on, 94, 107, 148-49; Weil and, 39-40, 60. See also Germany Necessity, 68-70, 76, 215, 219 Nettl, J. R, 36, 218 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 49, 206-7, Nihilism, 27 Nizan, Paul, 62 Noah, 116-17, i43~44> Nolte, Ernst, 151 Nota, Jan H., 105 Nous aiiWes frangais (f»trn2inos), 98, 103-4 Nuremburg laws, 64 Occupied Zone, 135, 154, 167 Oesterreicher, John M., 17, 174 Olympic Games, 83 Omnipotence, 213-16 Ontology, 29-32 Operation Barbarossa, 136, 153 Operation Torch, 168 Ordre nouveau, 72 Oswiecim, 189 Pacelli, Cardinal, 57 Pacifism, 33-34, 82, 83 Pact of Steel, 109 Palestine, 62, 77, 79, 117, 162-64, ^^6, 199 Panama Canal scandal, 45, 63, 122 Pardon, 21, iii, 220-21 Pariah concept, 51, 162, 197, 206, 207 Paris Commune, 209 Parti frontiste, 97-98 Partipopulaire fi’angais, 82, 188 Partisan Review, 125 Parti social fran^ais, 91, 92 Passelecq, Georges, 106-7 Passivity, 60 Pasternak, Boris, 75 Patriotism, 43, 78 Paul, Saint, 57, 183, 204 Paul VI, 175, 177 Pearl Harbor, 154 Peguy, Charles, 102-4, 108, 127 People’s Universities, 74 Perrin, Father, 43, 47-48, 142-44, 156-57, 159, 172, 183 Retain, Philippe, 7in, 121, 131-36, 153-54, 166-71, 191; Catholic Church and, 178, 179; concentration camps and, 197; on morality, i, 131-33 Petrement, Simone, 33, 38-39, 40, 43, 98,

144-45 Phalange, 86, 103

270

Index

Phenomenology, 14, 22, 23, 25, 32 Philanthropia, 210-11 Philip, Andre, 166, 172 Philosophische Forschungen, 19 Physiocrats, 67 Pitchipoi, iSpn Pity, 206-9, 211-12 Pius VI, 183 Plus XI, 3, 56-57, 91, 98, 105-6, 146, 174, 175-76 Pius XII, 121, 174, 177 Plato, 128 Plurality, 28, 29 Poland, 108, 109, no, 175; concentration camps in, 190-91, 203 Poliakov, Leon, 42 Political religion, 123-26 Political Religions (Voegelin), 12 3-24 Political Treatise (Spinoza), 65 Le Popnlaire, 63, 64, 81 Popular Front, 34, 63, 64, 81, 91, 97; Weil’s view of, 84-85 Primo de Riviera, Jose Antonio, 103 Principle, 150, 209, 210-11 Prisoners of Hope (Brooks), 197 Production, 67-70 Pivpos {he Senne), 17 Prussian Association for Women’s Suffrage,

37 The Psychology of Worldview (Jaspers), 18 Quaestiones disputatae de veritate (Thomas), 23

Rabi, Wladimir, 8 Rabinovitch, Wladimir, 62 Radical movement (France), 33, 55-56, 81, 82, 85-86, 91, 97, 110 Ransoming the Time (Maritain), 147 Rath, Ernst von, 94 Reason, 25-26 Rebatet, Lucien, 92, 99 Refugees, 93, iio-ii, 161, 185 Das Reich, 165 Reinach, Adolf, 14, 41, 63 Religion: Alain on, 43, 49, 142; Arendt’s view of, 125-26; politics as, 123-26; Stein’s view of, 41-42, 47, 57-58, 96; Weil’s view of, 42-48, 140-43, 171-72, 183, 195-96. See also Catholic Church; Catholicism Renata de Spiritu Sancto, 107 Republic (Plato), 42

Resistance. See French Resistance Revolution, 66-67, 218 Revue universelle, 102-3 Reynaud, Anne, 33 Reynaud, Paul, 97, 131, 132, 139, 171 Ribbentrop-Molotov pact, no Ricoeur, Paul, 220 The Right to Be Lazy (Lafargue), 72 Rimbaud, Arthur, 76 Rivet, Paul, 64 Riviere, Jacques, 34 Robespierre, Maximilien, 206, 209 Rolland, Romain, 64 Romains, Jules, 7in, 161, 162 Romanesque civilization, 157 Romania, 108, 109 Romans, 42, 43, 45, 110-14, ^^7) 140-42 Rommel, Erwin Johannes Eugen, 152, 168 Roncalli, Monsignor. See John XXIII Rooche, Deodat, 157 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 93, 109, 154, 169 Rootlessness, 162, 163 Rothschild, Germaine de, 59 Rougemont, Denis de, 72 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 66, 72, 205-6 Rumania, 109 Salengro, Roger, 82 Saliege, Monsignor, 167 Salvation, 47-48 Samedi, 94 Sangnier, Marc, 136 Sarraut, Albert-Pierre, 162 Sarraute, Nathalie, 79 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 32, 50, 59, 82, 132, 135; The Flies, 189; politics and, 61-62 Scheler, Max, 15, 41 Scholem, Gershom, 77, 78 School for National Administration, 136, 153,169 Schumann, Maurice, 39, 48, 171, 193, 195 Schuschnigg, Kurt von, 91, 92 Science, 75, 126-27 A Season in Hell (Rimbaud), 76 Secular religion, 125 Segalat, 178 Seinsrhytmik, 38 Serge, Victor, 87 Sertillanges, Father, 48 Service d’ordre legionnaire, 154 Service du ttuvail obligatoire (STO), 167, 179, 188,220-21

Index Shame, 211-12 Simon, Yves, 197-98 Slavery, 206 Social Contract (Rousseau), 206 Social Education Group, 74 Socialism, 95 Socialist Party, 166; France, 63, 81, 82 Socrates, 208, 209, 212 Solidarity, 209-11 Sosein, 38 Soustelle, Jacques, 171 Souvarine, Boris, 65, 66 Soviet Union, 64, 88, 109, no, 189; labor camps and, 149-51 Spain, 108, 155, 185 Spanish Civil War, i, 82-88, 103 Spartacus movement, 218 Specialists, 115, i2 6n Der Spiegel, 21 Spinoza, Baruch, 65 The Spirit of the Laws, 209 Spring Wind, 167 Stalin, Joseph, 64, 73 Stalinism, 84, 96 Statute on Jews, 135, 153, 154, 160, 190 Stavisky, Serge, 55-56, 63, 81 Stein, Edith: beatified, 200-201; on com¬ passion, 205; in concentration camp, 4, 172, 174; conversion of to Catholicism, 41-42, 47, 57-58, 94; death of, 4, 174; dissertation of, 16; on Divine will, 58; early years of, 7-9; in exile, iio-ii, 172; Gestapo and, 156; on Heidegger, 30-32; on Husserl’s world view, 24-25; influence of Thomas Aquinas on, 15, 23-26, 32, 47; lectures of, 37-38; Nazis and, 58; on Nazi treatment of Jews, 51, 94, 107, 148-49; Pius XI and, 3, 56, 105, 174; schooling of, 11-17; as teacher, 23, 37; as woman, 37-38

—Works: Endliches imd ewiges Sein, 24; “Husserls Phanomenologie und die Philosophie des heiligen Thomas von Aquino: Versuch einer Gegeniiberstellung,” 23-24, 47; Ich lebe und Ihr lebt, 83; Potent iindAkt, 15, 24, 47; “The Prayer of the Church,” 83; The Science of the Cross, 156; Woman and Her Destiny, 38 Stein, Paul, 8, 172 Stein, Rosa, 4, 24, 110, 174, 204 Steiner, George, 55 Stendhal, 83 Sterilization laws, 65

271

Stern, Gunther, loi Stern, William, 13, 15 Stoicism, 207, 216-18 Suchecky, Bernard, 106-7 Sudetenland, 92, 98 Suhard, Cardinal, 133, 136, 167, 168, 178 Suicide, 214 Tarde, Guillaume de, 80 Tellier de Poncheville, Father, 133 Temoignage chretien, 157, 167, 169, 171 Temporality, 31-32 Teresa of Avila, 41, 57 Tertullian, 220 Theas, Monsignor, 167 Theresienstadt, 172, 198-99 Thibon, Gustave, 42, 48-49, 157, 159 Thomas Aquinas, Stein’s work on, 23-26, 32,47

Thomism, 15, 23-26, 32, 47, 104-5 Thought, 27, 73-76. See also Intellectuals Tilliette, Xavier, 201 Tonneau, Jean, 106 Tortel,Jean, 157 Totalitarianism, 3, 27-28, 42, 76-77, 209; Arendt on, 125-26, 148-51; of Catholi¬ cism, 47-49, 124; imperialism and, 120, 148; secular religion and, 124; Weil on, 9on Toynbee, Arnold, 61 Treblinka, 203 Trochu, Charles, 64 Trojan War, 3, 88, 115-19 Trotsky, Leon, 59, 62n Turkey, 176 United Nations, 162 United States, 109, 154, 165, 199; 203 Universalism, 28, 141 Unoccupied Zone, 135, 140, 167, 169, 203 Utopianism, 68-70 Valentinus, 145 Valeri, Valerio, 177 Vallat, Zavier, 82, 133, 152, 153, 155, 159-60, 165, 169-70 Van Breda, Leo, 17 Varnhagen, Rahel, 36, 51 Vatican II Council, 48 Vaudoyer, Michelle, i6on Vercors, 188 Versailles Treaty, 155 Viannay, Helene, 189-90

272

Index

Vidal-Naquet, Lucien, 167-69, 187, 203 Vidal-Naquet, Pierre, 157, 171 Vigilance Committee of Antifascist Intellec¬ tuals, 33, 64, 84 Virgil, 110 Voegelin, Eric, 123-24, 125, 126 Vogelstein, Hermann, 8 Voltaire, 206 Le Voltigeur, 108 Wahl, Jean, 29, loi, 170 Waler, Raphael, 24 Walter, Thomas Angelica, 38 Wannsee Conference, 165 War, 115-19 Warsaw ghetto, 164, 188, 203 We Have Been Friends Together (Maritain), 104 Weil, Andre (Simone’s father), 8, 9 Weil, Andre (Simone’s brother), 12, 74, 145, 161, 181, 194 Weil, Bruno, loi Weil, Selma, 7, 8-9, 48 Weil, Simone: amorfati and, 17, 40, 44, 216, 219; anti-Judaism and, 48, 143-46; antiSemitism and, 39-40, 46, 48-49, 60, 160-61, 181, 204; influence of Arendt on, 66, 69, 198; on assimilation, 182, 185; Catholic Church and, 42-49, 195-96, 218; on colonialism, 119-20, 181-82; on Communists, 89-90; compassion and, 202, 204-5; concentration camps and, 137, 202-4; creation and, 213-16; death of, 115, 204; on disobedience, 158-59; early years, 7-9; on evil, 144; in exile, 59-62, 82, 137, 139, 170-72, 180; on ex¬ istentialists, 29; on friendship, 211-13; on Germany, 90, 97; health of, 195; on He¬ brews, 42, 117, 140-41, 140-42; on Hitler, 118-19, 1^7; intellectuals, 128; on Israel, 80, 183; as laborer, 44-45, 65-66, 157, 160; on leisure society, 71; on love, 39, 85, 127, 201-5; Marxism, 62, 65-70; on Nazis, 60; as pacifist, 33-34, 170; parachute plans of, 137, 168, 180, 192; on Petain, 171; political activism and, 59-60; on political parties, 192-93; on Popular Front, 84-85; on punishment, 194-95; religious views of, 42-48, 140-43, 171-72, 183, 195-96; on Rome, 110-14, 140-43; schooling of, ii, 12, 15-18; Spanish Civil War and, 82-88; as

Stoic, 216-17; teacher, 18, 39-40, 44; teachers of, 32-34; on thought, 73-76; translations by, 75, 212; Trojan War metaphor and, 88, 116-19; United States, 170-72; on war, 33-34, 83-88, III, 115; as woman, 38-40 -Works: “Basis for a Statute regarding French Non-Christian Minorities of Foreign Ori¬ gin,” 180-81; Cahiers inedits, La condi¬ tion ouvriere, 69; “Do We Have to Grease Our Combat Boots?” 87; essays, 157; “Factory Journal,” 74; “Factory Work,” 71; “The Iliad or the Poem of Might,” 157; “Israel et les Gentils,” 140; Letter to a Priest, 170; The Need for Roots: Prelude to a Declaration of Duties toward Mankind, 38, 45, 124, Notebooks, 29, 182, 212; “Note sur la suppression generale des par¬ tis politiques,” no; Oppression and Liberty, 33, q4, 65, 7on; Profession of Faith, 195; “Reflections That No One Is Going to Fike,” 87; “Reflexions sur la revoke,” 193; “Science and Perception in Descartes,” 65, 75; “Sur la situation en Allemagne: Quelques remarques sur la reponse de la M. O. R.”, 60; “Sur le groupement de I’Ordre nouveau,” 72; “The Three Sons of Noah,” 116-17, 143; U*^ Nouveau ‘front’ religieux,” 146; “URSS et Amerique,” 73; Waiting on God, 48 Weizmann, Chaim, 163 Weizsacker, Viktor von, 75 Weygand, General, 131 Will for Peace, 34 Women’s International Zionist Organiza¬ tion, 121 Work, 67-71; labor vs., 67-68, 71, 73-74 Workers, 44-45, 65-66; thought and, 73-75 World Jewish Congress, 82 Worldlessness, 163 World War I, 33 World Zionist Organization, 163 Wurm, Mathilde, 205 Wust, Peter, 57 Yiddish, 182 Zetkin, Clara, 86 Zeus, 142 Zionism, 3, 20, 50, 58-59, 62, 76-77, 163, 183 Zweig, Stefan, 165

r I.;

K I