This is Who We Were: In the 1980s [1 ed.] 9781619259355, 9781619259348

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This is Who We Were

In The 1980s

This is Who We Were In The 1980s Our Jobs • Our Clothes Our Leisure • Our Day to Day What We Paid for Rent & Food What We Read • What We Watched What We Ate • How We Travelled PLUS: U.S. Census Comparisons & Rankings and State-by-State Census Data

978-1-61925-934-8

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GREY HOUSE PUBLISHING

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Based on material from Grey House Publishing’s Working Americans Series by Scott Derks

PUBLISHER: EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: PRODUCTION MANAGER: MARKETING DIRECTOR: COMPOSITION:

Leslie Mackenzie Laura Mars Jennifer Bossert Kristen Thatcher Jessica Moody David Garoogian

Grey House Publishing, Inc. 4919 Route 22 Amenia, NY 12501 518.789.8700 FAX 845.373.6390 www.greyhouse.com e-mail: books @greyhouse.com While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Grey House Publishing neither guarantees the accuracy of the data contained herein nor assumes any responsibility for errors, omissions or discrepancies. Grey House accepts no payment for listing; inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. Except by express prior written permission of the Copyright Proprietor no part of this work may be copied by any means of publication or communication now known or developed hereafter including, but not limited to, use in any directory or compilation or other print publication, in any information storage and retrieval system, in any other electronic device, or in any visual or audio-visual device or product. This publication is an original and creative work, copyrighted by Grey House Publishing, Inc. and is fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by laws covering misappropriation, trade secrets and unfair competition. Grey House has added value to the underlying factual material through one or more of the following efforts: unique and original selection; expression; arrangement; coordination; and classification. Copyright © 2016 Grey House Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the USA

Publisher's Cataloging-In-Publication Data (Prepared by The Donohue Group, Inc.) Names: Derks, Scott. Working Americans. | Grey House Publishing, Inc. Title: This is who we were. In the 1980s / [edited by] Grey House Publishing. Other Titles: In the 1980s Description: [First edition]. | Amenia, NY : Grey House Publishing, [2016] | Edition statement supplied by publisher. | “Based on material from Grey House Publishing’s Working Americans Series by Scott Derks.” | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: ISBN 978-1-61925-934-8 (hardcover) Subjects: LCSH: United States—Economic conditions—1971-1981. | United States—Economic conditions—1981-2001. | United States—Social conditions—1980- | United States—Civilization—1970- | United States—History—1969- | Nineteen eighties. Classification: LCC HC106.8 .T45 2016 | DDC 330.973—dc23

TABLE OF CONTENTS Essay on the 1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Section One: Profiles This section contains 28 profiles of individuals and families living and working in the 1980s. It examines their lives at home, at work, and in their communities. Based upon historic materials, personal interviews, and diaries, the profiles give a sense of what it was like to live in the years 1980 to 1989. 1980: Alberto Enriquez, Sergeant First Class, Desert One Mission: Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1981: Elizabeth Putnam, 15-Year Old Migrant Worker from New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1982: Brad Lawson, Sound Assistant for Austin City Limits TV Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1982: Greg Tilsner, Software Company Executive from California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1983: Anna Delgado, Anti-Nuclear Weapons Movement Protestor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1983: Maggi Taylor, 23-year-old Boom Operator in New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1983: Alicia Burack, Civilian (Medical Student), Invasion of Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1983: Jim Rosser, National Football League Referee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 1984: Stephen Hessenfeld, Fine Tuned Hasbro's GI Joe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 1984: Rigo Garcia, 23-year-old Construction Worker from Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1985: James Krenov, Master Woodworker and College Professor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 1985: Paul Howe, Professional Football Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 1985: Edwidge Dominique, 23-year-old Artist from Haiti in Miami. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 1985: Valerie Jaffen, 12-year-old Cellist from Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 1985: Alex Behr, Corporate Director of European Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 1985: Carleen Cahill, Classical Music Singer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 1986: Jake Szmanda, Timber Industry Worker and Animal Conservationist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 1986: James Kennedy Jarrett, Super Accurate Rifle Guru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 1986: Maria Knapp, Scientist from California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 1987: Aaron Slayton, Brainy Kid Turned Tutor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 1987: Adam Quigley, Lawyer from New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 1988: Ahmed Waltari, Cell Phone Magnate from Williamstown, New York, and Monaco . . . . . 119 1989: Bill Reindollar, Created Cash Register Repair Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 1989: Carlos Piccolo, Cross-Country Runner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 1989: Sergeant Luella Sprague, Invasion of Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 1989: Charles Coughlin Myers, Anti-Abortion Protestor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 1989: An Dung and Nguyet Nguyen, Vietnamese Immigrants in Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 1989: Irby Hipp, Teenage Video-Game Player from West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Section Two: Historical Snapshots This section includes lists of important “firsts” in America, from technical advances and political events to new products, books, and movies. Combining American history with fun facts, these snapshots present an easy-to-read overview of the 1980s. Early 1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 Mid 1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 Late 1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166

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Section Three: Economy of the Times This section looks at a wide range of economic data, including prices for food, clothing, transportation, and housing, plus reprints of actual advertisements for products and services of the time. It includes comparable figures for expenditures, income, and prices, plus a valuable year-by-year listing of the value of a dollar. Consumer Expeditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Annual Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Selected Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 Value of a Dollar Index 1860-2015. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Section Four: All Around Us—What We Saw, Wrote, Read & Listened To This section offers reprints of newspaper and magazine articles, speeches, and other items designed to help readers focus on what was on the minds of Americans in the 1980s. These 29 original pieces show how popular opinion was formed, and how American life was affected. All Around Us—1980s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Section Five: Census Data This section includes state-by-state comparative tables, the special report series We the Americans published in 1993 by the U.S. Census Bureau, and reprints from the 1990 Census. State-by-State Comparative Tables: 1980, 1990 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Twenty-First Decennial Census of the United States Special Reports We the Americans: Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 We the Americans: Blacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 We the Americans: Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 We the Americans: Asians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 We the Americans: Pacific Islanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 We the Americans: First Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280 We the Americans: Foreign Born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 We the Americans: Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 We the Americans: Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 We the Americans: Our Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 We the Americans: Our Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340 1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 General Social and Economic Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429 General Housing Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489 Detailed Ancestry Groups for States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512 Detailed Occupation and Other Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565

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ESSAY ON THE 1980S The 1980s was a decade of transformative change. When Ronald Reagan entered the White House in 1981, he promised to restore faith in the nation by shrinking government and defending America more aggressively against the Soviet Union. During his first term the recession ended, inflation was controlled, and taxes went down. After the instability of the 1970s, Americans felt hopeful that they could make money again, and when they did there were plenty of ways to spend it. With the economy soaring, Americans enjoyed compact discs instead of records. We got cash from ATM machines instead of waiting on long lines at the bank. And personal computers, once only used in colleges and big companies, were set up in almost every home. Defined by patriotism, prosperity, and peace, the 1980s were vibrant and big, and with the Cold War coming to an end, Americans felt like the country was back to being the world's only superpower. Economy Economic principles of the 1980s were focused around tax reduction, allowing Americans to keep more of their paychecks. President Reagan believed that high taxes threatened individual freedom and encouraged wasteful government spending, and that low taxes induced people to work longer and harder, leading to more investments, spending, and overall economic growth. While the tax cuts served mainly to benefit wealthy Americans, proponents argued that these benefits would eventually trickle down to lower-income people due to new job opportunities and higher wages. The Tax Reform Bill, which slashed tax rates for taxpayers in almost every income bracket, was passed in July 1981. With the resulting economic growth came federal budget deficits of over $100 billion, but most agree that the economic expansion and upswing in the business cycle were an improvement over the dark economy of the 1970s. Music The 1980s saw a new form of music called “rap,” with words spoken—not sung—over a heavy beat. The 1980s also saw the reinvention of musicians Michael Jackson, Prince, Madonna, Whitney Houston, and Janet Jackson, and their videos played as permanent fixtures on MTV. The resurgence of hard rock bands such as Def Leppard, Kiss, Bon Jovi, Poison, Twisted Sister, and Whitesnake, was a hallmark of the decade. Music of the 1980s is commonly remembered for an increase in the use of digital recording, primarily synthesizers. Surveys since the 1980s reveal that it was the most favored musical decade of the last 50 years. Television & Movies Television talk shows also became popular in the 1980s. Guests would appear mostly to talk about themselves, their political views and personal escapades. It was novel to hear Americans talk so publicly about things once considered private. The Oprah Winfrey Show aired nationally beginning in 1986, and to this day remains the highest-rated talk show in American television history. Popular television shows in the 1980s, including Dallas and Dynasty, showed increased interest in financial success, with characters living in expensive homes, wearing costly clothes, and driving fancy cars. At the movies, Wall Street depicted a young, wealthy, dishonest man trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Power was also a popular theme with action films Rambo and Rocky, where good triumphs over evil. Social Change For many, the symbol of the decade was “yup”—short for Young, Urban Professional, which quickly turned into “yuppie.” Yuppies typically were college educated with good jobs and expensive tastes, and

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often self-centered and materialistic. Surveys showed that yuppies were more concerned with making money and buying consumer goods than their parents and grandparents had been. A theory behind this attitude suggested that many of this generation, filled with anxiety and doubt, used material items as a path to happiness. Americans' appetite during the 1980s also extended to sexually explicit music lyrics and television shows, which many blamed for the AIDS epidemic, unquestionably the most challenging health issue of the 1980s. Originally linked to gay men, the American public learned that anyone could be affected through the exchange of blood and other bodily fluids. The spread of the deadly virus forced a national dialogue about sex education as a means to safe sex. In 1987, hundreds of thousands of activists marched on Washington DC, demanding more federal resources be devoted to the epidemic. In 1988, the World Health Organization declared December 1 as World AIDS day. Another national concern during the 1980s was the quality of American education. Studies demonstrated poor performance in every subject area when compared to past scores, and to other countries. In an effort to reverse this trend, educators developed tests that limited multiple choice questions in favor of essays, and focused more on at-risk children who were more likely to fail, drop out, or abuse drugs.

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INTRODUCTION This Is Who We Were In The 1980s is an offspring of our 13-volume Working Americans series, which is devoted, volume by volume, to Americans by class, occupation, or social cause. This new edition is devoted to the 1980s. It represents various economic classes, dozens of occupations, and all regions of the country. This comprehensive look at this decade is through the eyes and ears of everyday Americans, not the words of historians or politicians. This Is Who We Were In The 1980s presents 28 profiles of individuals and families—their lives at home, on the job, and in their neighborhood—with lots of photos and historical images. These stories portray struggling and successful Americans, and capture a wide range of thoughts and emotions. From the many government surveys, social worker histories, economic data, family diaries and letters, and newspaper and magazine features, this unique reference assembles a remarkable personal and realistic look at the lives of a wide range of Americans between the years 1980-1989. The profiles, together with additional sections outlined below, present a complete picture of what it was like to live in America in the 1980s.

Section One: Profiles Each of the 28 profiles in Section One begins with a brief introduction. Each profile is arranged in three categories: Life at Home; Life at Work; Life in the Community. Photographs and original advertisements support each chapter, and many include industry or social timelines and contemporary articles.

Section Two: Historical Snapshots Section Two is made up of three long, bulleted lists of significant events and milestones. In chronological order—Early 1980s, Mid 1980s, and Late 1980s—these offer an amazing range of firsts and turning points in American history, including a few “can you believe it?” facts.

Section Three: Economy of the Times One of the most interesting things about researching an earlier time is learning how much things cost and what people earned. This section offers this information in three categories—Consumer Expenditures, Annual Income of Standard Jobs, and Selected Prices—with actual figures from three specific years for easy comparison and study. At the end of Section Three is a Value of a Dollar Index that compares the buying power of $1.00 in 2015 to the buying power of $1.00 in every year prior, back to 1860, helping to put the economic data in This Is Who We Were In The 1980s into context.

Section Four: All Around Us There is no better way to put your finger on the pulse of a country than to read its magazines and newspapers. This section offers 29 original articles, book excerpts, speeches, and advertising copy that influenced American thought from 1980-1989.

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Section Five: Census Data This section includes invaluable data to help define the 1980s such as State-by-State comparative tables, and actual reprints from the Census of Population, including a Special Report titled We the Americans. Here you will find detailed population, social and economic characteristics. This section also includes dozens of maps and charts for easy analysis. This Is Who We Were In The 1980s ends with a comprehensive Further Reading section and a detailed Index. The editors thank all those who agreed to be interviewed and share their personal photos for this book. We also gratefully acknowledge the Prints & Photographs Collections of the Library of Congress.

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1980: Alberto Enriquez, Sergeant First Class, Desert One Mission: Iran When his Delta unit was called to Iran to rescue 53 hostages in the American Embassy, Sergeant First Class Alberto Enriquez was ready and willing to serve his country.

Life at Home • Alberto Enriquez was a professional and proud of it. • While many of his friends schemed to avoid the draft, Alberto volunteered to serve his country. • He enjoyed his time in the 101st Airborne Division, and when the opportunity presented itself, was • •

• • • • •

•

• •

quick to join the 75th Ranger Regiment—the men called upon for the really tough jobs. When he heard a new unit called Delta was being formed to specialize in counter-terrorism, he knew where he belonged. He especially loved the challenge of the new unit: The physical requirements were rigorous, only men of sergeant rank and above were eligible, and excellent performance reviews were needed. Alberto grew up in the Mexican section of Denver; his grandparents had been illegal immigrants from Mexico. His father served in the Second World War, earning a bronze star for bravery. A small pair of American flags and a picture of the current American president—Democrat or Republican—always hung in his house. In school, Alberto earned better-than-average grades, played some football and ran track. After school and most Saturdays he worked in his father’s suburban landscaping business, the success of which paralleled the growth of rapidly expanding Denver. When Alberto joined the army following graduation, he realized almost immediately that he had found his place, and after a few years set sights on being the best sergeant in the army. Yet his father was unhappy; he wanted his son to be an officer. Alberto demurred; sergeants, he knew from Sergeant First Class Alberto Enriquez was a professional experience, were the guys who got the real work done soldier. in the military.

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• His wife had grown up in the same neighborhood in Denver, graduated from the University of Colorado and became a nurse.

• Over the years, Alberto had also attended college classes under various training programs, but • • • • • • • • • • •

getting a degree remained secondary to his military career. They both loved the military life—its discipline, purpose and focus. Most of all, Alberto enjoyed the opportunity to fight on behalf of his country—even for the ones who, he felt, did not fully appreciate what it took to have a great military to protect America. The selection process for Delta, or 1st Special Forces Operation D, as it was known, was both exhilarating and the most grueling experience of Alberto’s life. Each candidate had to perform a 40-yard inverted crawl in 25 seconds, 37 sit-ups in a minute, 33 pushups in a minute, a run-dodge-jump obstacle course in 24 seconds, a two-mile run in 16 minutes, 30 seconds, and a 100-meter swim fully clothed, including boots. Those who met these standards were then subjected to an 18-mile speed march followed by an exercise in which each man, equipped with a map, a compass and a 55-pound pack, traversed heavily wooded mountain terrain from one rendezvous point to another in a prescribed time. Then there was a psychological evaluation that lasted four hours. In addition, each prospective Delta Force member was required to have a special skill. Alberto spoke Spanish, Portuguese and Italian; he was also a skilled rock climber. His acceptance into Delta was one of the high points of his life. His wife arranged for a romantic celebration dinner—without their 10-year-old son—at one of Fayetteville’s finest restaurants. Even Alberto’s father said he was proud, although talked more about son Ricardo, who was now a partner in an insurance company.

Life at Work • A basic Delta operating group consists of four men armed with light weapons, pistols, rifles, machine guns and grenade launchers.

• Each is given latitude in selecting the weapons that best suit his style and the demands of the • • • • • • • • • •

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mission. Alberto preferred a German-made machine gun that can fire fully automatic or single shot at a rate of 900 rounds per minute with an effective range of 1,200 meters. Alberto was proud of his efficiency and skill. One exercise that demonstrated his judgment involved entering a multi-room structure filled with both “captors” and “captives.” Without warning, silhouettes pop up representing the enemy or a hostage; Alberto had to make a split-second evaluation of whether to shoot or hold his fire. It was a point of great personal pride for Alberto that rarely did a captive take a bullet, while stacks of the enemy were riddled with slugs from his HK-21. Alberto believed he was ready for the real thing and just in time to play a role in a world crisis. When Iranian students captured the American Embassy in Tehran, Alberto knew immediately that the rescue of the hostages was a job for Delta. Since the Shah of Iran was deposed by Islamic fundamentalists led by Ayatollah Khomeini, tensions against anything American escalated in Iran. Within days of the embassy invasions, intelligence units delivered detailed drawings of the compound where 53 American hostages were being held, as well as routes to and from the embassy through the city of Tehran. They also provided information on the captors, how they were armed, and their possible plans for the hostages.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Soon Alberto and his unit were assigned • • •

•

• •

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

to a remote training site in the North Carolina woods dubbed Camp Smoky. There, as new information was delivered, they trained, retrained and prepared for the mission ahead. Over the next three months, they were called up six times, only to be told to stand down each time. As frustration grew, Alberto did not know whether the military or the politicians were calling the shots, and though he tried to remain silent, he often failed. Daily, the newspaper and television reports made America and its military look impotent and cowardly while the 53 hostages awaited their fate at the hands of religious fanatics. In April, Delta got the seventh call. On the plane, the highly trained warriors of Delta said little; there was no need for nervous chatter—the trademark of less seasoned troops, Alberto believed. The selection process for Delta was both exhilarating and grueling. After the plane landed in Egypt for a short stay, Alberto’s unit was flown to a small island off the coast of Oman. From there, six C-130 transports—three filled with troops and three loaded with fuel—flew into the Iranian desert to a site called Desert One. The mission was finally under way. There, they unloaded the transport plane and waited to be met by the eight CH-53 Sea Stallion helicopters, which were flying in from the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz. The helicopters’ role was to fly two hours and 13 minutes toward Tehran and place the Delta Force to within 50 miles of their destination. Eight trucks were to take the Delta Force into the hostile city; once the hostages were free, the helicopters would get them and their rescuers out. In the heat of the desert, a force of 120 men, including 90 from Delta, 12 drivers, an interpreter and 13 other Special Forces, waited silently. During the final briefing, Alberto was told that only about 15 student radicals guarded the embassy compound. Only three or four guards would be outside, one of whom habitually leaned his rifle against the wall; stories about extensive booby traps and mines appeared to be false. After nightfall, he was told, his unit would first be flown by helicopter, then driven through the city to the embassy. The hostages would be freed and the captors taken out before sunrise. The rescue helicopters were to meet them either in the embassy compound or the soccer field across the road. Hostages and soldiers would then be flown by helicopter to a captured Iranian airfield 38 minutes away, where large transport planes would fly them to freedom in Egypt.

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• That was the plan; bold, simple and logical.

• At the appointed hour, Alberto was • • • • • • • •

• •

• • •

more than ready, waiting in the desert for the first leg of the trip. But the helicopters were late. When they finally arrived, the mission was already one hour behind schedule. Soon, six helicopters landed instead of eight; two had been forced to turn back because of mechanical problems. The mission was redesigned around six helicopters. Alberto then heard angry voices from the officers in charge. As more officers gathered, the shouting increased. One of the six helicopters could not fly. His commander said the mission was aborted; without explanation, he ordered Alberto and his men to reload the C-130 transports and depart. The helicopters would fly empty back to the Nimitz in the Coral Sea. Disgusted and in shock, Alberto was reloading the transport when, as one of the refueled but empty helicopters attempted to lift off from the desert floor in the dark, it collided with a parked C-130 transport and exploded, shooting flames hundreds of feet into the air. The men in the airplane were trapped by the flames; eight servicemen died almost Members of the operating group were given latitude in selecting the immediately, and more were badly burned. weapons that best suited their style and the mission. Alberto was despondent; the next day the headlines only heralded failure, not courage. Even President Jimmy Carter’s statement failed to honor the death of the brave men.

Life in the Community: Denver, Colorado and Iran • As the 1980s began, the focus of international attention became centered on the Islamic nations of the Middle East.

• The first spark came in Iran in 1979, where the attempts of the Shah to westernize his fiercely Islamic country led to a religious backlash led by the Ayatollah Khomeini.

• In February 1979, the rebels laid siege to the headquarters of the élite bodyguard of the Shah; the Islamic Republic that replaced it was based on Koranic law.

• With an official blessing, Iranian students captured the staff of the American Embassy on November 4, 1979, then released all non-American and black hostages.

• The students demanded that the ex-Shah, who was living in New York, be returned to Iran to face charges of murder and robbery in exchange for the hostages.

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• President Jimmy Carter refused, and instead began deporting Iranians in America and freezing Iranian assets.

• Six months later, after the failed rescue attempt, Iranian troops exhibited the wreckage and bodies left behind. • In September 1980, Iran and Iraq went to war, ostensibly over disputed territory of the Shatt al Arab on the Gulf of Arabia, though religious differences had inflamed the dispute.

When students demanded that the ex-Shah be returned to Iran to face charges, President Jimmy Carter refused.

Six months after the failed rescue attempt, Iranian troops exhibited the wreckage and bodies left behind.

Anti-American tensions in Iran escalated after the Shah was deposed by Islamic fundamentalists led by Ayatollah Khomeini.

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1981: Elizabeth Putnam, 15-Year Old Migrant Worker from New York Fruit tramp Betty Elizabeth Putnam desperately sought a way out of her migrant life and a chance to stay in one school so she could one day become an English teacher.

Life at Home • Fifteen-year-old Betty Elizabeth Putnam hated her name and moving around all the time. • She wanted to live in one house, in one town, and know one group of kids; meeting new people was hard.

• She was named after her grandmother and her mother’s favorite actress, Elizabeth Taylor, whom Betty saw in several old movie magazines.

• Betty didn’t think she looked like her grandmother or Elizabeth Taylor, and didn’t want a used name anymore.

• Sometimes she told her new friends to call her Sugar or Peaches—depending on which school she’s attending.

• But at home she was Betty Elizabeth, and in the

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• • • •

community she was simply called “a fruit tramp” because her parents were migrant workers and followed the crops. Even her parents called themselves fruit tramps, much to her embarrassment. Each year, they traveled up the East Coast from Florida to New York picking crops: citrus in Florida; peaches in Georgia; tomatoes, cucumbers and beans in South Carolina; apples, squash and beans in North Carolina; and apples, pears, cherries and cabbage in New York. As quickly as one job was finished, the family packed themselves into their ancient Plymouth—with duct tape and paper covering the rear window—and headed up the road looking for more work. When the job was big enough and scheduled to take more than a few weeks, the children enrolled in school. The little ones were placed in daycare or the older children were given the job of staying home to baby-sit. Even the children who attend school had to help in the fields; it took the entire family to make ends meet. Betty Elizabeth’s oldest sister, Lurken, dropped out of Betty Elizabeth Putnam wanted to escape her life as a school when she was 14. fruit tramp.

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Each year, the family traveled from Florida to New York picking crops.

• Lurken married another fruit tramp and had a baby girl who slept in a makeshift tent during the day while the picking was going on.

• Lurken and her husband often followed the Putnams from place to place seeking work, acting as an • • • • • • • • • • • •

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extended family work team. Betty Elizabeth was determined to graduate from high school, even though she was already at least a year behind her age group. Since she was a little girl, she loved language and literature, and dreamt of being a teacher one day. The family lived on the beach because, even though they have saved up their money, they couldn’t find anyone in the area who will rent to them. Betty Elizabeth’s father, C. O. Putnam, gained a reputation for heavy drinking, rowdy behavior and a casual attitude toward his financial obligations. When it rained, the family huddled under picnic tables in a nearby public park, which also provided them with a bathhouse complete with showers and toilets—if they were not caught trespassing by the police. When the weather was turning colder and the Florida citrus season will be starting, C. O. talked about taking the family back down South. Besides, more than once the police hinted to him that vagrancy charges were just around the corner. He said it didn’t matter where they lived because foreigners moved in and took over America; loud and often, he said they were “driving down wages and harming real Americans who are trying to make a living.” In Florida, the compensation for picking oranges was $0.80 a bushel, but the presence of Latin and Caribbean immigrants drove the wages down to nearly $0.40 a bushel. A young, fast picker could gather about 100 bushels a day for about $40 in earnings. When the weather was bad, the crops late, or the family is traveling, they earned nothing. One year, C. O. and his wife Alfeda earned about $2,800.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Betty Elizabeth loved her school in Olcott and did not want to leave, but arguing with her father was dangerous. • C. O. thinks that “Queen Liz,” as he called his high-minded daughter when he was drinking, had enough education and should not only move to Florida, but drop out of school and earn her keep in the fields. • Besides, he knew that Skeeter Matuse, a 26-year-old divorced fruit tramp who often travels the same route as the Putnams, would be happy to take her off his hands. • Betty Elizabeth’s mother, who can sign her name and read street signs, wanted her daughter to chase dreams and get an education, but couldn’t cross her husband.

Life at School • By Betty Elizabeth’s count, this is the fourth time she had attended a school in Olcott.

• Her English teacher, Mrs. Agardy, was very excited

• • • • • • • • • • • •

about teaching English and enjoys the girl’s enthusiasm, loaning her books and creating a reading Migrant workers followed the crops, moving from place to place. list of library books for her, knowing she may leave abruptly. After class, they read poems together and discussed what makes a good novel. Betty Elizabeth loved her family, but if they go to Florida when the winter weather arrives, she wanted to stay in New York. With the encouragement of Mrs. Agardy, she spent more time in front of the mirror at the bathhouse, combing her hair and pressing her clothes to look like the other children. Her teacher bought her some outfits from the local thrift store, and showed her how to do alterations. Even though they know she was a fruit tramp and will be gone soon, several girls in the class were nice to her, sharing their makeup and chatting with her during lunch. A cute boy even spoke to her several days in a row and wanted to see her outside of school, but she was terrified that he will come to the migrant camp looking for her and see how she lives. She first realized she didn’t want to be a fruit tramp when she was nine years old and the family was spending Christmas at a large migrant camp where the local people staged a large Christmas Party, complete with food and someone playing Santa Claus. During the gift-giving, Betty Elizabeth was given a doll with long, blond hair, rosy-red cheeks and an innocent expression on her face. She fell in love with the plastic doll, even though it was missing a leg. She got her mother to show her how to make a doll’s dress from a piece of light purple cloth, a lilac color that made the doll beautiful and covered the missing leg. Then, she tied a cord around the doll’s neck and hung it on the wall to make sure everyone knew it was hers alone, and that no one should mess with it. Having the one-legged doll made her wonder why her family worked so hard and had so little; she kept thinking, “Is this all there is to life?” Almost immediately, she and her doll began to take imaginary journeys together to faraway places where children had bedrooms and friends, and received Christmas presents that didn’t include hand-me-down dolls with one leg.

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Life in the Community: Olcott, New York • Olcott’s year-round population of about 1,000 swelled significantly in the summer when the • • • • •

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community becomes a center for boating and fishing on Lake Ontario. New York was unique in that it is the only state which touches both the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes. The coastline meanders 127 miles along the ocean, and borders 371 miles of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Although only about four percent of New York’s 18 million-plus people are engaged in farming, it is a leading source of the state’s revenues. Primary crops included clover, timothy grass, apples and grapes, while secondary crops comprise corn, oats, wheat, peas, peaches, cherries, melons, beans, beets, onions, cauliflower and potatoes. Much of this harvest goes directly into the state’s canneries and freezing plants; New York was where Clarence Birdseye, of frozen-food fame, developed his technology.

1982: Brad Lawson, Sound Assistant for Austin City Limits TV Show Brad Lawson, who loved music and understood the history of the television music show Austin City Limits, wanted a job assisting in sound production.

Life at Home • Brad Lawson was a certified sound geek—not that anyone really wanted to certify such a thing. • He felt least alone when nestled beneath a set of headphones listening to music, recordings of truck noise, birds chirping or the noise of city traffic.

• His life’s work, as he saw it, was to isolate each sound into its component parts and worship the purity of each tone.

• His real job—the one that paid the rent and put gas in his

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four-year-old Honda—was working at Music World helping musical neophytes track down the newest album by Judas Priest, Eric Clapton, or U2. With an eagerness Brad almost found charming, customers invariably forgot the band’s name and were therefore forced to describe, sing or hum the song they had heard and now wished to buy. Often he knew in a flash the recording they wanted, but waited patiently to see what the customer was willing to say or sing before Brad provided the solution. After work, Brad had begun slowly and meticulously combing through his taped recordings of the first six seasons of the weekly PBS breakout hit Austin City Limits, filmed just up the street at a University of Texas studio in his home town of Austin. Their sound, he believed, was better and he wanted to know why. Ever since Brad got tickets and attended his first show three years earlier at 16, he had been mesmerized by the possibility of accurately reproducing a band’s sound for broadcast on television. Television’s traditional inability to accurately capture the energy and intensity of a rock concert was traceable to TV’s poor audio quality. Programs were exclusively broadcast via single-channel monophonic transmission, and the speakers on most television sets—even the most expensive—were no larger than an Brad Lawson’s love of music led to a job on automobile speaker. the TV music show, Austin City Limits.

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Brad wanted to bring the rock concert experience to the home viewer.

• Brad was interested in inventing the perfect broadcast; he wanted to reinvent the personal experience of attending a rock concert while sitting at home.

• He knew his father would help him with the technical aspects—if he could get his father’s attention. • Four marriages, six children, two jobs and a new relationship with the mother of one of his high school friends—how embarrassing!—kept his father fairly busy.

• Brad’s father shared his son’s joy at listening to and accurately recording live music; the elder • • • • • •

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Lawson became a high school band director because he discovered an innate facility for talking to teenagers and he needed a job. Brad knew that to be effective, he had to get organized. He drew up a list of topics to discuss, including mixing techniques that added texture to the sound, microphone positioning to capture not just the sound, but also the magic that inhabited every well-performed song and the appropriate separation of instrumental tones. That’s why he had turned his highly focused brain on the qualities of sound that made Austin City Limits different. He had also begun attending church so he could assist with recording and broadcasting services using the church’s new sound equipment. That’s also where he met a University of Texas sound technician who was often assigned to help out at Austin City Limits performances. It was Brad’s first real chance to peek into the technical side of a commercial studio and explore the creation of Austin City Limits—a bold experiment in 1974 even for freethinking public television.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Not only did the producers initiate the broadcast of long, uninterrupted musical acts before a live audience, but they audaciously booked promising performers who were not necessarily recognized stars. • Historically, television had devoted relatively little time to live music beyond the lip-synched choreography of American Bandstand. • To handle the sound quality limitations of television, many music programming efforts such as The Midnight Special emphasized quantity over quality and featured a parade of rotating acts who played two or three songs each. • Further handicapping its appeal, Austin City Limits was not about the hottest music around; its focus was on the traditional R&B and country music favored in Central Texas. • While the entire music industry was changing and embracing punk, Austin City Limits was looking back to its roots, critics charged. Lyle Lovett was a regular on Austin City Limits and • Austin resident Willie Nelson was the first featured artist very much appreciated the genuine quality of its music and musicians. on the pilot episode of Austin City Limits broadcast in 1975. • At that time, Austin was not widely recognized for its musical heritage. • In 1976, the original members of Bob Wills’ Texas Playboys reunited for the first time in 30 years for their performance on Austin City Limits; three members of the band would pass away later in the year. • Austin City Limits‘ theme song, “London Homesick Blues,” which included the line “I wanna go home with the armadillo,” became a regular feature of the show in 1977, the same year that Fleetwood Mac’s album Rumours held the #1 spot on the Billboard 200 for 31 weeks, and performer Kenny Rogers re-emerged with his hit “Lucille.” • When the soundtrack to the movie Saturday Night Fever by the Bee Gees swept disco into dominance in 1978, Austin City Limits showcased Nashville country stars Chet Atkins and Merle Haggard. • A new producer of Austin City Limits ushered in a more diverse lineup in 1979: Tom Waits, Taj Mahal, Lightnin’ Hopkins, and the Neville Brothers, and in 1980 inaugurated the first “Songwriter’s Special,” including performances by Ray Charles, Jerry Jeff Walker, and Carl Perkins. • The following year, when the 24-hour music video channel MTV debuted, Austin City Limits held an “Instrumental Showcase” featuring the mandolin playing Tiny Moore, Jethro Burns, Johnny Gimble and Bonnie Raitt performed on Austin City Limits. David Grisman.

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• Then, in 1982 the skyline of Austin appeared as the show’s painted backdrop, giving the image of • • • • •

the Texas capital an added boost and prompting viewers worldwide to fret about how possible rain showers would impact the show. Austin’s skyline was modest in height and spread out to preserve the view of the Texas State Capitol Building from various locations around Austin, but it established a mood—a home—for the weekly performances. Since the show was taped six to nine months in advance of broadcast, the featured performers’ tour schedule often dictated when the recording would be made. The free tickets were precious. Crowds lined up around the block for the limited seating; having Lone Star beer as a sponsor didn’t hurt. At one point, University officialdom objected to free beer, but relented when it became clear that the audience was packed with music lovers, not party animals.

Life at Work • For Brad Lawson the news from Austin City Limits could not have been better; sound quality would • • • • • • • •

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be a high priority in the 1982 season, recorded in 1981. The nationwide success of Austin City Limits had made the booking of talent—Kris Kristofferson, Emmylou Harris, Crystal Gayle—much easier. Concurrently, sound technology as a craft was improving and was now a priority. As a first step, 40 stations, including those in the trendsetting markets of Los Angeles, Chicago, and Atlanta, would be broadcasting the show in stereo. Discussion was also underway concerning the purchase of an additional two-inch, 16-track mixer and the addition of high-caliber microphones that could more accurately capture the authentic sound. A mixer was designed to mesh an array of inputs into a few controllable outputs; Brad was overwhelmed by the oceans of knobs when he was allowed to attend his first Austin City Limits taping as an assistant’s assistant with instructions to touch nothing. With a dozen microphones ringing the area, all the musicians were required to do was to play their best. One of the show’s greatest assets was its four-story ceiling, which enhanced the sound. Austin City Limits had long distinguished itself with its emphasis on a limited number of acts who were privileged to play for one hour to 90 minutes before a receptive audience. The tape would then be edited and broadcast eight months to a year later—after sign-off from the artist. Band members always worked well below their usual scale: $500 per show, half that for sidemen; the famous and the obscure toiled for the same minimum wage. Thanks to the meticulous care and production quality, the show had earned its place on the TV schedule: 90 percent of all PBS stations carried the show, comprising over 260 stations and reaching 10 million The success of Austin City Limits made booking talent–like Emmylou viewers each week. Harris–easier.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

As an assistant’s assistant, Brad was overwhelmed by the sound board on the set of the show.

• In addition, an 11-part PBS series entitled Southbound had ignited considerable interest in • • • • • • •

Southern roots music featuring gospel music, Cajun, bluegrass, fiddling, Mex-Tex, ballad singing and mouth music. Brad soon learned that musicians loved the rhythms of Austin City Limits because they were asked to perform to an audience, not the red light on a bulky television camera. The show was about live music; even the long, lingering shots of the audience—featured in the early years—were shrunk to showcase the performance itself. Mishaps were inevitable: Following an afternoon of flawless rehearsals with singer/songwriter Kris Kristofferson, all the lights in the building went out. Trapped in the windowless building, the audience and performers alike had to feel their way to the exits in absolute darkness. The trouble had been caused by a rat eating through an electrical wire; the audience was readmitted the next night for the taping. As an assistant’s assistant, Brad was earning more experience than money, and had to keep his sales job at Music World. But since the taping schedule ran from July to January, with most PBS stations broadcasting the shows in January through April, he could schedule paid work around heart work.

Life in the Community: Austin, Texas • Home of the University of Texas, the state legislature, and a more bohemian mindset than most of Texas, Austin became the center of the state’s laissez-faire, go-with-the-flow artisans and musicians.

• Local historians trace Austin’s musical heritage to the post-World War II decision by booking agent and band manager Johnny Holmes to open the Victory Grill on the city’s East Side to showcase local and touring blues and R&B musicians. • By the 1970s, Austin had room for the city’s most psychedelic nightclub, the Vulcan Gas Company, and R&B clubs such as Ernie’s Chicken Shack and Charlie’s Playhouse.

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Home of the University of Texas, the state legislature, and a more bohemian mindset than most of Texas, Austin became the center of the state’s artisans and musicians.

• The city developed a gumbo-flavored musical palette, or as one tunes man described it, “freeform-country-folkrock-science-fiction-gospel-gum-bluegrass-opera-cowjazz music.”

• The official city slogan promoted Austin as “The Live Music Capital of the World” to honor the live • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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music venues within the area and the long-running PBS TV concert series Austin City Limits. Many Austinites have also adopted the unofficial slogan “Keep Austin Weird” in defense of the proudly eclectic, liberal lifestyles of many Austin residents, plus a desire to protect small, unique, local businesses from being overrun by large corporations. The centrally located Austin was settled in the 1830s on the banks of the Colorado River by pioneers who named the village Waterloo. In 1839, Waterloo was chosen to become the capital of the newly independent Republic of Texas and was renamed for Stephen F. Austin, known as the father of Texas. Bitter Texas politics, Indian uprisings, Mexican army incursions and the wholesale movement of government documents repeatedly threatened the city’s designation as the capital of Texas until 1846. In 1860, even though 38 percent of Travis County residents were slaves, voters in Austin and other Central Texas communities voted against secession at the outbreak of the Civil War. The opening of the Houston and Texas Central Railway (H&TC) in 1871 vaulted Austin into a major trading center for the region with the ability to transport both cotton and cattle. Austin was also the terminus of the southernmost leg of the Chisholm Trail and “drovers” pushed cattle north to the railroad. The University of Texas held its first classes in 1883, and the state capital building was completed in 1888. In the late nineteenth century, Austin expanded its city limits to more than three times its former area, and the first granite dam was built on the Colorado River to power a new streetcar line and the new “moon towers,” which illuminated areas of the city at night. In the early twentieth century, the Texas Oil Boom took hold, creating tremendous economic opportunities in Southeast Texas and North Texas. The growth generated by this boom largely passed by Austin at first, with the city slipping from fourth largest to tenth largest in Texas between 1880 and 1920. Beginning in the 1920s and 1930s, Austin launched a series of civic development and beautification projects that created much of the city’s infrastructure and parks. In addition, the state legislature established the Lower Colorado River Authority that, along with the City of Austin, created the system of dams along the Colorado River to form the Highland Lakes. These projects were enabled in large part because Austin received more Depression-era relief funds than any other Texas city. After the mid-twentieth century, Austin became established as one of Texas’ major metropolitan centers, attracting companies focused on semiconductors and software. The 1970s also saw Austin’s emergence in the national music scene, with artists such as Willie Nelson and venues such as the Armadillo World Headquarters.

1982: Greg Tilsner, Software Company Executive from California Greg Tilsner was chief operating officer of Softec, a software company for personal computers in Los Angeles. His wife, Yukiko, who was second-generation Japanese, worked alongside him.

Life at Home • Softec was this couple’s life; together all day at work, they rarely went home to the apartment they rented nearby.

• All of their friends worked at Softec; occasionally, Yukiko would take a break and fly to see her • • • • • • •

father in San Francisco, where she grew up. Most of Greg’s waking hours were spent on the job. Working at Softec was like living in a college dormitory; the average age of the employees was 30 years old, and they were crammed into tiny offices two at a time. Blue jeans and work shirts were common, and most of the men wore beards and have sideburns. The company refrigerator was stocked with Coke, Pepsi, and an assortment of natural fruit juices. Every employee, including receptionists, had a computer terminal. All the interoffice mail was sent through the company’s newest Prime minicomputer. Dozens of personal computers, Apples, Radio Shacks, IBMs, and others, were scattered throughout the office, most with their innards permanently exposed.

Most of Greg Tilsner’s life revolved around Softec.

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Greg’s biggest worry was finding the type of management to help the company grow.

Life at Work • Greg served as the chief financial officer and day-to-day manager of a Los Angeles-based software • • • • • •

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company called Softec, which was focused exclusively on providing products for the personal computer market. His biggest worry at the moment was finding the type of management the company will need in a year if Softec continues to grow as quickly. The company’s principal product was a home budgeting program that effectively crunches and organizes a large quantity of numbers; more than 200,000 copies have been sold. Initially, the program was designed exclusively for Apple computers; Apple believed the software had helped promote its hardware. All of the management was under 30 years old. The revenues of Softec were $1 million; the company planned for $2 million and ended with $3 million. Management was unsure of how to plan for this year, because in a company only three years old in an industry only five years old, there were few precedents to draw upon. The number of employees had grown from four to 35 in the first year, and this year stood at 50. Management was trying to grow the company in a controlled way, but felt it was constantly out of control. Cautious about making public sales projections, they didn’t want too much hype to spoil their progress.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Greg had a sense that time has sped up; he works 18-hour days, rarely accomplishing as much as he had hoped.

• He began development of the software during college with two partners, slowly developing the concept, often borrowing computers or renting time-sharing terminals to complete the programming. • After several computer dealers showed little interest in their prototype, Greg and his partners scraped up $20,000 in cash, pledged a loan for $65,000, and bought a Prime 550 minicomputer for the final development of the Softec program.

Life in the Community: Los Angeles, California • Despite the success of Softec, the general economy was battered. • The auto industry was burdened with debt, housing activity was slow, and retailers reported sluggish • • • • • •

sales. Gasoline prices were moving up again as OPEC attempts to push the price of oil to $34 a barrel. However, high tech was booming; both California’s Apple Computer and New Jersey’s Matrix, maker of diagnostic imaging systems, registered seven-fold increases in sales from 1977 to 1981. Los Angeles, the largest city area in the country, encompassed 450 square miles and boasted more than 10 million population in the metropolitan area. It was the city of cars; day and night, the freeways and highways are choked with traffic. It was also a city of diversity. A report indicated that its large Spanish-speaking population was switching to English at about the same rate as the German, Italian, and Polish immigrants who came before them.

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1983: Anna Delgado, Anti-Nuclear Weapons Movement Protestor The daughter of Vietnam War protestors, Anna Delgado first became involved in the Anti-Nuclear Weapons Movement through her activity in rallies held to put a freeze on the growth of nuclear weapon stockpiles.

Life at Home • Though only 21 years old, Anna Delgado spent two years actively working for the nuclear freeze • • • • • •

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movement-an effort to stop the development of weapons that could potentially destroy the world’s population. As a result, she saw the inside of a jail for the first time, had long political talks with her parents and found a cause she felt was worth fighting for. Throughout the Cold War, the United States competed with the Soviet Union to develop thousands of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, or ICBMs, capable of delivering nuclear warheads across the world. This growth in potential nuclear destruction disturbed Anna, and she vehemently disagreed with the media’s assertion that the growth of nuclear weapons was a method for peace. The United States was currently promoting new weapons to maintain the peace, such as the MX missile and the Space Defense Initiative. The MX missile would allow the United States to send 10 nuclear warheads in one missile halfway around the world with deadly accuracy. The Space Defense Initiative-a satellite system that would destroy incoming missiles attacking America-was nicknamed “Star Wars” and attacked by critics as unlikely to succeed. This was in addition to the thousands of Minuteman missiles already in place and prepared to be launched at targets around the world in the event of a nuclear attack. While attending the University of Pennsylvania, Anna first got involved in the nuclear movement by participating in several rallies intended to persuade the U.S. and other governments to freeze the number of nuclear weapons. Finding the time to participate in protests was a challenge-her Anna Delgado worked for the nuclear freeze movement. obligations to her college

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coursework in elementary education and her part-time job left little time to be involved in the movement. But by attending the protests, she discovered a strong connection to what her parents believed in and the need to thwart the growing war establishment. Both her mother and father had protested the Vietnam War, especially after her older brother went “missing in action” in 1972. She vividly remembered attending anti-war rallies with her mother a decade earlier. Regretfully, it did nothing to help bring her brother back home. At nuclear weapons rallies, Anna carried one of her two protest picket signs designed by her father: “End the Arms Race NOW!” and “Women for Peace.” Anna saw this movement as a “New Abolitionist Movement” and was proud of being part of a national effort. This concept was reinforced when she read a Rolling Stone Magazine article on the subject in March. At the protest rallies off-campus in the city, Anna was one of the youngest protesters; the vast majority were working professionals 10 or 20 years older, often with families. Also at these rallies were religious people, especially those with Christian backgrounds, who viewed the development of nuclear weapons as immoral. Some of the older protestors had worked to elect politicians in Congress who would support a bilateral freeze of nuclear weapons with the Russians and stop the proliferation of nuclear devices, weapons, and generating plants, all nicknamed “nukes.” During the prior year’s elections, these activists worked nationwide to support candidates in 45 election races in the House of Representatives on this issue. Pro-freeze candidates won 36 of the races. Over 1,500 different peace groups across the country were backing the freeze. Yet the majority of Americans still believed that the best way to be safe from Communist domination was to build the biggest weapons. At the rallies Anna attended in Philadelphia, she was often confronted by supporters of the government’s nuclear arms policy, who called her a “dupe of the Kremlin.” They insisted that the American Pro-Freeze rallies were hurting the United States’ effort to negotiate with the Soviets. They were also called “freezeniks,” along with other references of being communists and traitors to America. During one of the protests, an older woman told Anna about a women-only protest at the Seneca Army Depot in New York planned for the summer. The summer protest was called the Women’s Encampment for a Future of Peace and Justice and would operate from July 4 to Labor Day.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Through the summer, the encampment would condemn the nuclear weapons the U.S government was storing on-site, including the Pershing cruise missiles for shipment to Western Europe.

• The location was also chosen for its close proximity to Seneca Falls, where the first women’s rights • • • •

convention occurred in 1848. Anna knew immediately that she wanted to participate. With help from friends, she arranged to sublease her apartment during the summer and saved money to cover expenses for six weeks. Anna packed her Ford Pinto with camping gear, her “comfy” sleeping pillow, her protest signs, several changes of clothes, three milk gallon jugs of water, four cartons of Virginia Slims cigarettes and three grocery bags full of rice, beans and canned vegetables. By the end of June, Anna left her parents’ home in Columbia, Maryland, and traveled to Romulus, New York-the location of the women’s encampment.

Life at Work • When Anna Delgado arrived in Romulus, New York, at the Women’s Encampment for a Future of • • • • •

Peace and Justice, the grounds were already full of women from all over the United States. Many saw this protest as a way to protect their families from nuclear war, but others supported a range of feminist and peace issues. Some believed that women-centered protests enabled the world to see women as the caretakers of the world and of families. All women were encouraged to volunteer for many duties; Anna decided to help prepare the vegetarian meals for the attendees during her stay. The opening day of protest on July 4 was full of excitement and debate. One early controversy was whether to accept an American flag from a local community leader for the women to fly on the encampment property.

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• Many of the women were conflicted because the American flag held mixed symbols of militaristic nationalism and of benevolence.

• Some felt that an international peace camp should not fly any nation’s • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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flag. The women decided not to fly the flag, but to permit the women to create their own flags the size of a pillowcase to hang on a clothesline. The local community did not receive the decision favorably. Anna was thrilled with the first day’s activities, which started with approximately 500 women gathered to pledge their allegiance to the earth, for the life it provides and for peace and beauty for all. Later she and the others followed a Buddhist woman beating her drum while they walked slowly, chanting “All we are saying is give peace a chance.” As the women marched past the Seneca Army Depot gate, they planted two rose bushes-one red, one white-as symbols of life. Later, the women lined up holding up their hands in a triangular shape known as a “yoni,” or ancient goddess symbol, which became the sign of the women’s resistance to the Depot. Four local veterans planted little American flags by the two rose bushes outside the depot, saluted and walked away. The opening day’s protest was peaceful and viewed as a successful beginning. Peaceful protest continued daily at the Seneca Army Depot with other symbols that showed the strength of women. Women formed in circles or webs-both signs of unification, strength, and the world’s connectivity. The interconnected web was painted on a number of the structures around the camp. In another symbolic act, the protestors tied onto the Army Depot’s fence possessions they did not want to lose in the event of a nuclear war. Items included photos of families and children. Anna tied a number of webs to the fence with photos of her parents, her friends and the family dog. She wanted to put her missing brother’s photo on the fence, but she was afraid of losing one of her few remaining mementos of him. Anna shared her grief of losing her brother in Vietnam with some of the friends she made at camp; they encouraged her to hold on to the photo until he was found. Over the next couple of weeks of protests, hundreds of women arrived to condemn the nuclear weapons on the base. Over time, the women expanded their civil disobedience by climbing over the Seneca Army Depot’s fence to protest. Anna was a bit hesitant at first to participate in this aggressive form of protest. The women who climbed over were arrested by military police and detained on the post, fingerprinted, photographed and given letters barring them from re-entering the property. Anna climbed over the fence one hot summer morning.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Immediately she was arrested by a military police sergeant and handcuffed while chanting “Peaceful women wanting peace.”

• After a couple of hours of military arrest, Anna was fingerprinted and • • • •

awarded her “bar letter” prohibiting her from re-entering the site. Anna was excited and immediately went to a pay phone to call her parents about the arrest, receiving her bar letter and the good she was doing for the world. They were happy for her but cautioned her not to do anything that would hurt her professionally in the long run. After the call, she jumped up and down with glee. She now had documented proof that her protests were impacting the military, and it further validated her efforts in the Freeze Movement.

Life in the Community: Seneca, New York • Local residents in the Seneca, New York area had issues with the women protesters. • Some tried to welcome the women but received little community support. • Residents were also concerned about the added cost and attention the protest brought to the community and feared that it might cause the closure of the military base.

• Anna and the women did not want the base to close, but to be used for something peaceful to the • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

community. Regardless of how often the protesters communicated this message, the residents were worried that jobs would be lost. Times had been tough and didn’t need to get tougher. Also, the community was shocked by the broad feminist nature of the protests, which ranged from nuclear weapons to sexuality, religion and the concerns of oppressed women. A large number of the residents were simply offended by the alternative lifestyles the women were supporting and viewed the protest as un-American. Anna often spent time discussing these concerns with the other women: Would the locals come to see their point of view or should the women attempt to improve relations with the local community? Most in the discussion agreed that there was little that could be done to improve the situation. The community’s wariness exploded during a planned 15-mile feminist walk from Seneca Falls to the Peace Camp on Saturday, July 30. The women communicated this planned march to local officials along the route, including the town of Waterloo near the women’s encampment. On that Saturday, when Anna and hundreds of women entered Waterloo, they wore white bibs printed with historically important women’s names, such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. At the Waterloo Bridge, they encountered 300 local residents waving American flags with a 20-foot banner in front saying, “Many Men and Women Have Earned the Right for Anyone to Protest in America. Respect Them, Our Flag, and Our Country.” Some of the local residents were holding American flags or cardboard signs that said, “Go Home,” “We’re Proud to Be Americans,” and “Pinko Lesbians, Go Home.” They were also chanting “America” and screaming at the women, “Go home” and “Go protest in Russia.” The local citizens’ counter-protest blocked traffic and the flow of the women marchers for a period of time. Local law enforcement was fearful of a riot at the bridge. Anna was concerned; she had never seen so much anger and hatred from those who opposed her. Instead of trying to cross the bridge, the women decided to stop and sit in the road.

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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Many of the women were becoming angry at the comments and expletives coming from the bridge. Within a short time, both sides were yelling at each other. The moment became extremely frightening when a man with a rifle approached the women. Fortunately the police apprehended the man and arrested him immediately. After two hours of tension between the two groups, the officers instructed the women to leave and return to the encampment. The women refused because the local citizens, not the women, were illegally blocking the road. The police disagreed. A number of the women, including Anna, held their ground until the police dragged them away and arrested them. As each was hauled away, the local citizens cheered and encouraged the police. The authorities charged 53 women from the encampment for disorderly conduct at the bridge. The only local resident arrested was the man with the rifle. Because there was little space in the sheriff’s department jail, a makeshift jail was established at a school away from Waterloo in Seneca County. It was stuffy, confusing and maddening. The women supported each other during the next several days while in prison at the school. Anna thought about calling her parents for help, but the other women convinced her that she had done nothing wrong and should go free. Each day when she thought she should call, she decided to wait one more day. She even thought of trying to escape as two women did while imprisoned at the school. After several days, the local authorities dropped all charges on the women. While Anna was under arrest, approximately 2,000 women protested at the Seneca Army Depot. Over 200 were arrested for peacefully trespassing onto the federal property. Upon returning to the women’s encampment, Anna heard rumors that the locals may cause further harm to the women. Rumors of bombings or burnings were bruited for a couple of days. With all the excitement and stress over the past several weeks, Anna’s time at the camp came to an end. She headed home and prepare for her final year at the University of Pennsylvania and the next confrontation with the military establishment.

1983: Maggi Taylor, 23-year-old Boom Operator in NYC At age 23, Maggi Taylor arrived in America from Australia with her husband, Richard, a New York City foreign correspondent. When Richard went back to Australia, Maggi chose to stay in America.

Life at Home • Maggi Taylor was born in 1943 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; her sister Jenny was born two years later.

• Her parents split up shortly after Jenny’s birth; her mother, with her two daughters, moved in with • • • •

•

• • • •

•

her parents. Her mother left for long periods of time to find work, and “Margaret” and her sister were left almost entirely in the care of their grandmother. Maggi was sent to boarding school at age 12, and although she came home for holidays and summer break, The Glennie School for Girls, in Toowoomba, Queensland, was her home until she graduated at age 18. Although she was a very bright and friendly girl, Maggi almost always felt alone. After graduation, and against her mother’s wishes, she defiantly ran off and married Richard, a young writer she had met just a year before while on school break. It was 1962, and Maggi and Richard moved to New Zealand, where he had a job; she found work there on a radio station, something an inexperienced young woman could not have done in Australia. New Zealand needed educated workers of all kinds, and businesses were willing to hire women. The job away from home helped prepare her for her move to America in 1966. Since childhood, Maggi had been called by her given name, Margaret. On her first day in New York, when asked her name, she said, “It’s Maggi”; she knew right then that America was the beginning of a new life. As a foreigner in a foreign land, she could truly be herself—not her mother’s daughter, not the lonely girl in boarding school, and Maggi Taylor left Australia when she was 23. not just her ambitious husband’s wife.

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Glennie School for Girls, Queensland.

• Twenty-three-year-old Maggi and husband Richard lived in New York, where Richard worked as a foreign correspondent from 1966 to 1968, and then both returned home to Australia.

• It wasn’t until she was back in Australia, faced with the old familiar attitudes and inhibitions, that Maggi realized she wanted to return to America.

• Then in 1973, after five years away from the United States and her first taste of America, to Maggi’s delight, Richard was again assigned to New York.

• As a foreign journalist, he entered the country on an H-1 visa, giving him the right to work and stay in the U.S.

• Spouses, mostly wives of H-1 workers, were technically visitors, but were given a complimentary H-2 • • • •

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visa, so that they would not have to exit and re-enter the country every six months to renew a visitor’s visa. The H-2 visa was not exactly a working visa, but near enough. A much-Xeroxed copy of a notice from the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) circulated among the wives that stated that as long as the H-1 visa holder was legally employed, the INS permitted the spouse to work, too. Through her connections with the Australian community, Maggi got a job in the Australian Consul as a receptionist. She then worked at the UN for United Nations English Language Radio, which eventually led to her career as a boom operator in the film and television industry.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• When in 1980, after seven years in America, • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Richard returned to Australia, Maggi chose to remain behind. Since the late 1970s, Maggi and Richard had been navigating very rocky marital terrain. Maggi often worked late on a movie or television shoot or was on location for days, sometimes weeks at a time. As a news reporter, Richard had a schedule that was even more erratic and which included lots of out-of-town trips and lots of hotel bars. Richard was becoming an alcoholic, and there were other women. After his trips, often marked by unaccounted-for absences from his hotel room, Richard would return home contrite, affectionate, and determined to tell almost all to soothe his conscience, regardless of how much it hurt Maggi. She forgave him each time and they drifted back to their fractured home life. In the spring of 1980, Richard quit his job in order to work full-time on a novel. He had a publisher and a contract, but the writing wasn’t going well; he said he needed to devote more time to the writing. Maggi and Richard in NYC. He said he needed to be alone. Soon afterward, in June, he left for Newport, Rhode Island, where he met Joan, a visiting, well-off Australian widow. She was there enjoying the sunny days; it was, after all, winter in Australia, but she planned to go back to Sydney at the end of August. Maggi was working on a film in New Hampshire, and she and Richard talked on the phone every couple of days and even met up when she could get a day off. She sensed that something was wrong—more wrong than usual. He said the writing wasn’t going very well. At the end of August, Richard returned to New York, but within a month he left for Australia, claiming research for his book. While paying the past month’s phone bill, Maggi noticed an unusual number of calls to an unknown number in Australia. She called the number and got Joan and Richard at the other end. After many heart-wrenching calls back and forth, he and Maggi decided to separate; with or without Joan, he wanted to stay in Australia. With or without Richard, Maggi wanted to stay in America.

Life at Work • By the time Maggi and Richard Taylor decided to break up, she found that she was surprisingly relieved, and realized that she did not want him to come back.

• She had started building a career and a life, and in his absence, she realized that she had been lonelier when they were together than she was now.

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• She began the long, arduous, and expensive process to get a work permit and then a Green Card so that she could stay in America on her own as a permanent legal immigrant.

• This legal journey would take many letters of inquiry, many phone calls, many forms to fill out, a • • • • • • • • • •

second set of lawyers, a trip back to Australia, and four years of appointments and paperwork to reach her goal. Because of the nature of her work, there were more than the normal delays; she often had to be out of town on location for a shoot, and had to postpone appointments. Sometimes she spent 14 straight hours on the set, and could do nothing when she got off work but sleep. She never knew on the job how long a sequence would take, or how many takes it would require. A missed appointment could mean a long wait before another could be scheduled; government bureaucracies, she came to understand, did not operate on “show biz” time. She had to wait for downtime between shoots to write letters, fill out forms, and meet with lawyers or government officials. The process dragged on. To start the process, she first needed to submit an Application for Alien Employment Certification to the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration; this application had to identify a potential employer and describe the job to be performed. Maggi checked all of her film connections and The National Association of Broadcast Engineers and Technicians (NABET) bulletin board; she needed a Sound Man looking for an assistant. She heard through the grapevine that Joseph Neeland was looking for someone with multimedia sound experience. She had worked on a free-lance project with him in the past, and he was willing to be her sponsor and ready to offer her a full-time job as his assistant.

At United Nations English Radio.

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• He needed a boom person with production skills, and she fit the bill. • Along with the application, she had to show proof that extensive recruitment efforts made by • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Neeland had produced no qualified U.S. workers. He was required to advertise the position in a newspaper of general circulation, such as The New York Times, to run for three consecutive days (not on a Saturday). She also had to post the same ad on the NABET bulletin board, and had to formally apply for the job herself. She then had to include a copy of the ad, and all of the responses, with her application to the Department of Labor. The application required a full job description, work hours and salary. The description read: “Applicant must be responsible for correlating materials, processing and dubbing in cassette production. Responsible for supervising transfer of sound material, editing and mixing. Must be familiar will all aspects of sound recording, including studio, motion picture and video techniques, post-production, signal processing editorial procedures, boom work and equipment maintenance.” The position paid $15,000 per year. Her labor certification was filed with the Department of Labor in November 1981, and she was hired by Neeland, using her complimentary H-1 visa, based on her H-2 visa, while she waited. She was advised that she should expect to wait another year for permanent residence status, and her application for preference status would have to be submitted to the Immigration Service and to the American Consul in Australia. When she was called for a visa appointment, she had to leave the U.S. and report to the American Consul in Sydney. She had to produce her birth certificate; the Police/Character Clearance Certificate, attesting that she did not have a police record; and a set of her Non-Criminal Fingerprints taken in New York. She also needed four copies of a recent photograph, 11/2 x 11/2 inches, and an update of her job offer, written on her employer’s business stationery, and notarized. It was a long and costly process, involving lawyers. Maggi also had to have a medical examination, including X-rays and blood tests, from a physician who had been approved of in the consular district. When everything was in order, her papers were stamped and accepted; her health was perfect, and her past good citizenship was certified—plus, her interview went very, very well. She had been coached on what to say to immigration officials, advised to cover up her tattoos—she had several—and had to provide a clean police record from Australia. Because of the time difference between the U.S. and Australia, Maggi spent one whole night on the phone (at great expense), and finally got a promise from someone in the police department to send a fax saying that she did not have a police record. On the day of the interview she remembered to wear slacks and a turtleneck sweater with long sleeves, and a pleasing smile. Once Maggi’s application for alien labor certification was accepted, she was free to work and live in the U.S. Thanks to her past work in radio, and the fact that she had apprenticed on the set of Contract on Cherry Street, Maggi continued to get work as a boom operator while she applied for a Green Card. A boom operator is an assistant of the production sound mixer. The principal responsibility of the boom operator is microphone placement, often using a “fishpole” with a microphone attached to the end. Sometimes, when the situation permitted, the boom operator used a “Fischer boom,” a special piece of equipment that the operator stands for more precise control of the microphone at a much greater distance away from the actors.

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• The boom operator also placed wireless microphones on actors when necessary.

• The boom operator was part of the film’s crew,

• •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

employed during the production or photography phase for the purpose of producing a motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, consisting of the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, their assistants, and those whose responsibility falls Maggi had a successful career as a boom operator. in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff. Medium to large crews are generally divided into departments with well-defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation among the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, cameras, sound, lighting, sets, and special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as “craft services”) are usually not considered part of the crew. Within a short time, Maggi gained a reputation for excellence and was soon in great demand. Eddie and the Cruisers, an independent, underground hit, was one of her first feature films; she also worked on the full first season of Law & Order. Maggi had to put in long hours on various film sets, often six days a week during intensive shooting, and traveled wherever she was needed. In 1980 she worked on Imposters, directed by Mark Rappaport, which was presented at the Museum of Modern Art’s New Directors/New Films series. She worked on TV commercials, including ones for BMW and Jumping Jack Shoes, and even an independent horror film, You Better Watch Out, starring Brandon Maggart and Jeffrey DeMunn. She worked on the American segments of foreign films, traveling to Philadelphia, Ohio and Canada. As a woman in a man’s business, she knew it was important to establish a reputation of being not only good at her job, but also reliable and available. Her made-for-TV movies included Summer, part of the Edith Wharton Project for PBS, shot in Keene, New Hampshire, and We’re Fighting Back, a TV movie based on the Guardian Angels with Ellen Barkin. Maggi traveled to Minnesota for the videotaping of a performance for television of The Wonderful World of Oz, which was produced by the Children’s Television Theatre Company, staged at the Guthrie Center in Minneapolis. In 1983 she did Over the Brooklyn Bridge, directed by Menahem Golan and starring Elliott Gould, Margaux Hemingway, Sid Caesar and Shelley Winters.

Life in the Community: New York City • Maggi Taylor found a small apartment in Manhattan on East 22nd Street. • Although she kept in touch with the friends she had made in the foreign press and the Australian Consul when she had first arrived with Richard, she quickly made friends in the film industry, and spent most of her free time with them because of the odd hours they all worked. • New York as a city was once again reinventing itself.

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• In Greenwich Village, Tower Records was attracting 6,000 to 8,000 customers on an average Saturday to shop, watch MTV on 17 large video screens and learn about emerging groups like Human Sexual Response. • The New York City Council was addressing potential birth defects by requiring liquor stores, bars and restaurants to post signs saying that pregnant women who drink alcohol were in danger of harming their babies. • All of this while many New York 11th grade students were sitting through interdisciplinary seminars on “Nuclear Issues.”

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INS gave Maggi permission to work in America.

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1983: Alicia Burack, Civilian (Medical Student), Invasion of Grenada Alicia Burack’s efforts to become a doctor led her through two attempts at the Medical College Admission Test, life on a Caribbean island, a government coup and a military invasion.

Life at Home • Alicia Burack, known to all as Cia, wanted to be a doctor since she was a small child. • Cia grew up in a very small town high in the Rockies of southwestern Wyoming near the continental divide.

• There, everyone counted on Dr. Robert McMullen—Dr. Bob—for all their healthcare needs. • He had been there when Cia broke her right leg, left wrist, and battled the mumps, measles and severe acne.

• Once, when heavy snow kept the vet at bay, he had even nursed Cia’s mare Sally through a difficult • • •

•

• • • • •

delivery. The Dr. Bob tales involved late night visits, miraculous recoveries and waived fees. Cia felt it was her destiny to step into his shoes when he finally decided to retire. After graduating from high school as valedictorian, she attended the University of Wyoming, where her grades were strong, particularly in the sciences. Her extracurricular activities included forestry rescue, EMT training and time with the local Rescue Squad during summer breaks. Everything she did prepared her to become a doctor, until she took the MCAT, the Medical College Admission Test. She never did exceptionally well on standardized tests, and this time was no different. Though she thought she could handle it if her score was not great, she wasn’t ready for the dismal results. Two days of tears, three more months of study and another shot at the MCAT brought no improvement. Her advisor told her to apply to her chosen Cia pursued her dream of being a doctor at the University of St. medical schools anyway, but add to her list George’s Medical School in Grenada. the University of St. George’s Medical School in the Caribbean island nation of Grenada.

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• He said the admission standards might be less rigorous and tended to consider the whole person, not just the test scores.

• Cia bristled at the idea of going to a “cop-out” school, but in the end, the only acceptance letter • • • • • •

came from the University of St. George’s Medical School; she would become a doctor after all, via Grenada. There, she discovered the unexpected: a beautiful island paradise controlled by a Marxist government. Cia settled down to work in a lush seascape far removed from the mountains of Wyoming. She took long swims in the morning, enjoyed rides on a rented horse twice a week, and most important, thrived in the academic, often challenging atmosphere. By the time her third year rolled around, she was near the top of her class. Dr. Bob had even proposed that he hand over his practice to her once she had the word “doctor” placed before her name. The stars were truly aligned this time.

Life at Work • In early October, third-year medical student Cia Burack heard the first rumors of major political unrest in Grenada.

• According to the stories, the conflict was pitting Prime Minister Maurice Bishop against the Deputy • • • • • • • • • • • •

•

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Prime Minister Bernard Coard and his influential wife, Phyllis Coard, Minister for Women’s Affairs. The two were accusing the charismatic Bishop of not practicing a pure form of Marxism. Cia wasn’t interested; her thoughts were focused entirely on finishing school. Even word that Bishop had been placed under arrest had little impact on her. On Wednesday morning, October 19, rumors began to circulate that a large crowd had freed Bishop and was marching on Fort Rupert just a few miles up the coast. This development brought more notice on campus; some students began checking the airline schedules. Then, word arrived that Bishop and several of his key supporters were dead. Immediately, some of the American students started packing, assuming classes would be cancelled, anyway. Cia decided to stay in her room, keep her head down and study. She was unaware that the execution of Bishop set into motion a chain of events in America; the safety of the students of the University of St. George’s Medical School was now a major concern in Washington. On short notice, a large-scale mission was assembled, ostensibly to rescue Cia and her fellow students. A naval task force carrying a Marine Amphibious Unit was diverted from Lebanon to Grenada. Special Forces, including SEALs, Rangers and Delta Force, were called up, along with two brigades of the 82nd Airborne Division. Cia got her first real alert of the brewing storm after her usual morning swim, when her parents called to say they were concerned Aware of the political unrest, some students began packing when they heard that about the unrest. Cuban and Russian soldiers were arriving to fortify the island.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Then, Dr. Bob called, saying he had waited for • • • • •

•

• • • • • • • • • • • •

retirement this long, and did not wish his replacement to be shot out of the saddle. Cia told everyone all was well in Grenada, and that the media were exaggerating the danger, as usual. The next day, she heard that Cuban or even Russian soldiers would soon be arriving to fortify the island. The only Cubans she had seen were construction workers near True Blue campus; most were friendly and quick to wave hello. By Monday, the Grenadians who worked on-campus were becoming increasingly tense, but there seemed to be no threat of violence. Early Tuesday morning, when Cia heard booms and thuds to the south, she realized fighting was under way—but who was fighting whom? Were Soviets involved? The Cubans? Where were the Americans? Would she be safe? Later that morning, word came from True Blue campus that American troops had landed, and that the students at that campus would be first flown to Barbados and then to the U.S. To prepare for the invasion, Navy SEALs had landed before dawn, followed by Army Rangers parachuting into the airport, where 250 Cubans were captured. Shortly thereafter, they secured the 500 American students on True Blue campus on the eastern tip of the island. The plan was for the soldiers to secure the Grand Anse campus next, though Cia was still unsure of what she was being saved from. To rescue the American medical students, Navy SEALS Movement off of campus was prohibited, and landed at dawn, followed by parachuting Army Rangers. telephone service became intermittent; fortunately, one of the students was a hand radio operator and able to send messages through civilian operators. To outsiders in the states, Cia realized her situation appeared desperate. According to reports, as the Rangers moved northward to Frequente, west of the Grand Anse campus, they encountered stiff opposition. In a metal warehouse near Frequente, American soldiers discovered a large cache of Cuban and Soviet weapons. Cia understood little of the politics and knew next to nothing about the principal players, so she was unsure of whom to trust, and pleased that the soldiers would secure the campus in the morning. The students reacted in a variety of ways to the situation; two women cried quietly, several made a great production out of packing, while others were angry that anyone would threaten their safety. While the sound of battle continued in the distance, few slept. Throughout the night, Cia learned about troop movements, shootings, bombings and enemy positions via the hand radio. She also heard that some of the medical students at True Blue campus were being asked to help treat the wounded.

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Throughout the conflict, Cia became aware of troop movements, shootings, bombings and enemy positions.

• It was very confusing, but clearly American troops were battling Cuban troops, who were on the island to help defend the new Marxist government.

• Dawn brought increased excitement. • One older student, who claimed ties to the State Department and West Point, instructed everyone to wear long pants and running shoes to make their rescue and evacuation easier.

• He then tore sheets into strips to create white armbands so all 224 students could be easily identified.

• Mattresses were placed in front of the glass doors and windows to protect against flying glass. • As the hours passed, the rooms became hot; tempers tweaked by fear also flared. • At 4:30 a.m., intense explosions drove shattered glass into the mattresses; the sound of frequent gunfire was shockingly loud.

• Cia, like many of the students, felt helpless, huddled in the dark waiting for a rescue team. • Twelve students took refuge in the safest room in the dorm—the bathroom. • Others kept up their spirits by singing, “The Star-Spangled Banner,” “God Bless America” and • • • • • • • • • • •

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“You’re a Grand Old Flag.” At noon, the students were instructed to move into 12 dorm rooms close to the beach. This required that some people lie two deep on the floor, packed body over body like canned fish. The air conditioning no longer functioned, and the heat was stifling. Thirty hours had passed since the liberation of True Blue campus. Suddenly, Cia could hear the faint sound of a helicopter. As it approached, the sound became deafening; the helicopter seemed to be on top of the dorm. The door shattered and a huge, fully camouflaged military man toting a giant weapon burst through the opening, fully filling the space. “U.S. soldier, freeze!” he barked. “Friend or foe?” Cia was the first to respond, “Friend, friend!” The soldier quickly organized the students into single-file lines of 40, directing them toward the beach and the military rescue helicopters. Cia helped organize the evacuation; she was the last to leave, supporting one woman who sobbed uncontrollably.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• The path to the beach was guarded by a phalanx of armed troopers. • The 224 students piled aboard the Chinook helicopters, which took them to Point Salines, near True • • • •

Blue campus; there, a C-141 transport flew them to Charleston, South Carolina. At Point Salines, the students paused to drink fruit juice and eat K rations, some of them captured from the Cubans. Only after she landed in Charleston and had an opportunity to read a newspaper did Cia understand the size and intensity of the invasion of Grenada. Early reports showed that 160 Grenadian soldiers and 71 Cubans died in the fighting, while American deaths totaled 18. When she spoke to her parents this time, she made sure everyone knew she was safe, but not as cavalier about the dangers of a Marxist revolution.

Life in the Community: Grenada • The University of St. George’s Medical School in Grenada is located on two campuses several miles • • • •

apart. True Blue campus is near the new airport being constructed by several hundred Cuban workers. The 10,000-foot airstrip is costing $71 million to build. Cia lived in a dorm near the beach on the Grand Anse campus. In addition, some students lived off-campus in an apartment complex.

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1983: Jim Rosser, National Football League Referee Jim Rosser was a National Football League referee on weekends, on top of his full-time position as director of personnel for American Furniture Company in Martinsville, Virginia.

Life at Home • In 1960, Jim Rosser got his first taste of officiating during a newly formed midget league football game in Mooresville, North Carolina.

• The league was formed following a disastrous 0-10 season, and Mooresville High School had hired a • • •

• • • •

• • •

new football coach who believed in building a solid foundation for the future. He wanted to develop a midget age (six to 12 years old) football program that would supply him with quality players and he needed referees; Jim gave it a try and loved it. He earned $10 for calling the first game. A year later he was calling high school football games every Friday night, and by 1967 he had broken into the college ranks, refereeing freshman games in the Atlanta Coast Conference. By 1970, he was elevated to Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) varsity games, traveling each week to a different setting and rivalry. His regular Saturday stage was a stadium filled with thousands of screaming fans desperate for another win. The college ranks, he quickly learned, was a place where the speed of the players and the pace of the game accelerated dramatically. “One of the first things I learned was to swivel my head”; otherwise, he would miss a call, and Jim hated to make mistakes or draw attention to himself. Football officials always wanted to be invisible, even wearing stripes. Major games between in-state rivals could be nerve wracking. But as a gangly 6’4", 175-pound tackle for the 1952 Anniston High School football team in Alabama, Jim got some advice to live by from his coach: “if you ever pull on your jockstrap and Jim Rosser juggled a full-time job with refereeing for the NFL. don’t have butterflies in your stomach, take it right back off.”

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The officiating crew was a tight-knit group.

• Nervousness was simply part of the players’ preparation. • When he graduated high school, Jim was an all Calhoun County, Alabama footballer, captain of the Anniston basketball team and sixth man on the golfing team.

• At Auburn University he played freshman basketball, but a bad shoulder ended his collegian athletic career and the scholarship; Jim waited tables to pay the $31-a-quarter tuition.

• After graduation, he was off to Quantico, Virginia, and Camp Pendleton, California, for a stint as a Marine Corps reconnaissance officer.

• In civilian life he found his calling as a personnel director and referee. • Life was good. • Jim served seven years as a football official in the Atlantic Coast Conference and was first scouted by the NFL during the1974 Bluebonnet Bowl and again in the 1977 Orange Bowl.

• On the third play of the Orange Bowl game, Jim was accidentally knocked to the ground; he was • • • • • •

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then helped to his feet by Ohio State coach Woody Hayes, one of the toughest taskmasters in the game. But referees are often remembered best for their mistakes, and Jim had one he would always recall. In 1974 he was suspended for a game for blowing a call at Duke. He had counted twice and was convinced there were 12 men on the field before he threw the flag. The film showed only 11 men on the field. So the next week he watched the University of North Carolina-North Carolina State game from the stands instead of the field. “It was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do,” he said.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Life at Work • Jim Rosser’s first assignment as a National Football League referee was in St. Louis on August 2, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•

•

1977-a pre-season game. As a rookie referee, he made $325 a game. Just as it was the job of 22 highly paid professional football players to do bodily harm to each other on over 100 plays a game, it was Jim’s job to control the chaos one play at a time. “You have to consciously think about every play. You try to get set mentally on every play. Before the play starts you review what can happen. The first time you don’t, something weird happens.” The NFL first began scouting Jim as a NFL referee four years earlier, conducting extensive background checks, psychiatric testing, FBI-style investigation and comprehensive interviewing. He also had a veteran NFL mentor guiding him through the rigorous process. Every year more than 120 college referees were considered for five or six slots. Initially, Jim was told his application had been rejected; two months later Jim received a phone call from Art McNally, supervisor for NFL officials, who informed him that he been selected to fill aposition which had opened unexpectedly. To prepare for his first game as a back judge, Jim watched game films provided by the NFL until deep into the night. “First I watched clips of a rookie back judge making key calls; then I watched films of their best back judge making calls. The NFL trains its officials well.” Back judge is one of the most physically demanding positions in officiating, especially as the pass has come to dominate the professional game. Normally, he started 17 yards beyond the line of scrimmage and went full length down the field with the receiver and some of the fastest players in the league. Yet, he was supposed to beat them to the goal line. During an average game, a back judge will run up to 11 miles. Unlike baseball umpires, whose crews rotated positions from game to game, football officials specialized. When Jim joined the NFL in 1977, there were six on-field officials: the referee, who lines up behind the offensive backfield; the umpire, who is positioned in the middle of the field behind the defensive line; the head linesman and the line judge, who are on opposite sidelines on the line of scrimmage; the field judge, who stands on the sideline in the defensive backfield, and the back judge, who is positioned in midfield behind the defensive backs. A seventh official, the side judge, an across-thefield complement to the field judge, was added in 1978. The additional judge provided assistance to Jim and passing plays, whose area of responsibility was 18 to 20 yards Jim was excited to make the move from college football to the NFL. ahead of scrimmage.

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Referees had to be physically and mentally fit.

• Each official played a particular role on every play; officials had to wait for the play to come to them. • Every call was graded, including his no calls. • Jim’s part-time role as arbitrator in one of professional sports’ most violent pastimes was on top of his full-time position as director of personnel for American Furniture Company in Martinsville, Virginia.

• Typically he worked a five-day week and dropped by the office on Saturday mornings to clean up • • • • • • • • • •

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paperwork before flying off to whatever NFL city he was assigned that week. Game assignments and locations were made on a weekly basis; Jim was never able to plan his travel in advance. Once in the NFL city of the week, he would join the rest of the officiating crew for a meeting, break for dinner and meet again at 9 p.m. to go over game film from the previous week’s game. The crew, who worked together all season, also ate breakfast together on Sunday mornings to once again go over the basic mechanics of the game. Jim then returned home late Sunday night or early Monday morning, after attempting to get some sleep on the plane so he could report to work on Monday morning. The NFL flew referees first-class, which was seldom heavily booked on Sunday nights, so he could stretch out across two seats and get some sleep. It was the same routine for 107 referees, most of them holding full-time jobs. Only 10 NFL officials played pro football themselves. Their average age was 48, with 24 years of officiating experience; the NFL required a minimum of 10 years’ experience to even be considered. To remain eligible, NFL referees were required to complete an exhausting battery of tests annually. In addition, a four-day clinic was held each summer that included game films of each official, which were reviewed and offered for critique.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

A 175-question test was taken each spring; the first year Jim missed 18 of the first 20 questions. “The test was open book, so you might guess how in-depth each question must be,” he explained. He also ran daily to keep in shape; Jim hated to lift weights and rarely did. He quickly learned that during the game it was not the physical fatigue that wore him down, but the mental wear and tear. “It takes total concentration to follow the action; you can’t let up, not even for a moment,” he remarked. With 3,000 plays to watch each year, and each taking only seven seconds on average, a blink of the eye could result in a missed call. “It is hard to have a good game officiating a bad blowout game,” he said. During his second year in the league, a rule change allowed defensive men to chuck or bump a potential pass receiver once near the line of scrimmage, and then only when the receiver was within five yards. Another rule change allowed offensive linemen to leave their hands open to block when protecting the passer. Jim believed the rule changes made the game safer. In 1978, a study on the use of instant replay as an officiating aid was made during seven nationally televised pre-season games. And the popularity of the game continued to explode. Bolstered by the expansion of the regular-season schedule from 14 to 16 weeks, the NFL paid attendance exceeded 12 million for the first time. The per-game average of 57,017 was the third-highest in league history and the most since 1973. In 1980, Pittsburgh defeated the Los Angeles Rams 31-19 in Super Bowl XIV in a game that was viewed in a record 35,330,000 homes. CBS, with a record bid of $12 million, won the national radio rights to 26 NFL regular-season games, including Monday Night Football, and all 10 post-season games for the 1980-83 seasons. Television ratings in 1980 were the second-best in NFL history, trailing only the combined ratings of the 1976 season.

Jim had only been hit twice during his career.

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• All three networks posted gains, and NBC’s 15.0 rating was its best ever. • CBS and ABC had their best ratings since 1977, with 15.3 and 20.8, respectively. • But the 1982 NFL season, the 63rd regular season of the National Football League, included a • • • • • • •

57-day-long players’ strike that reduced the season from a 16-game schedule per team to nine games. Because of the shortened season, the NFL adopted a special 16-team playoff tournament. Division standings were ignored: eight teams from each conference were seeded 1-8 based on their regular season records. The season ended with Super Bowl XVII, when the Washington Redskins defeated the Miami Dolphins. During the prior six years in the league, Jim had only been hit twice during a game. Both were accidental, but painful. As the 1983 season got underway, Jim had come to believe that most NFL officials performed for the love of the game. “I can’t think of anyone who does it for the money, not anyone,” he commented.

Life in the Community: Martinsville, Virginia • The furniture industry, along with textiles, was the lifeblood of Martinsville, located in southern Virginia.

• Founded by American Revolutionary War General, Indian agent and explorer Joseph Martin, • • • • • • •

•

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Martinsville and its surrounding county boasted a population of 75,000 by the early 1980s and claimed to have more millionaires per capita than any city in the state. The city’s first major industry in the 1800s was the manufacture of plug chewing tobacco; the area became known as the “Plug Tobacco Capital of the World.” Thanks to the entrepreneurial efforts of several families, the city’s main industry for a century was furniture construction, boasting companies such as Bassett Furniture, American Furniture Company, and Gravely Furniture Company. Shortly after World War II, DuPont built a chemical manufacturing plant. DuPont later built a large manufacturing plant for producing nylon, a vital war material, which made the city a target for strategic bombing during the Cold War. This nylon production jumpstarted the growth of the textiles industry in the area. For several years Martinsville was known as the “Sweatshirt Capital of the World.” Martinsville is also home to the Virginia Museum of Natural History, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution and founded by Martinsville native Dr. Noel Boaz, and the Piedmont Arts Association, an affiliate of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Martinsville was also present at the birth of NASCAR, possessing a small, half-mile round racetrack that was home for the beginning drivers of the sport like Junior Johnson, Richard Petty, Rex White and Furniture making was a major industry in Martinsville, Virginia. Windale Scott.

1984: Stephen Hessenfeld, Fine Tuned Hasbro’s GI Joe Stephen Hassenfeld joined his father’s company, Hasbro, in 1964, and became president in 1974 when toy sales topped $73 million, spurred by the popularity of the G.I. Joe action figure.

Life at Home • When Stephen Hassenfeld was a boy, there were toys all over the house. • That’s how it is when your father runs a toy factory. • The toys not only came from the family factory, but included gifts of salesmen’s samples from other • • •

•

•

• •

•

companies, such as all the Lionel trains being made. Moreover, Stephen was enthralled by Daddy’s factory, where everything was interesting: the injection molders, the sewing machines, the assembly line—even the creaky old elevators and the grease-stained floors where Mr. Potato Head had been made. By the time Stephen was in his forties and president and chairman of Hasbro Industries, the family company in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, he believed that success would grow out of tradition. That’s why Hasbro reintroduced its G.I. Joe in 1982 and concentrated on action toys, preschool toys like Mr. Potato Head and action games including Hungry Hungry Hippos—while chasing the video game market. The Hassenfeld family fled Poland in 1903 to escape the Jewish pogrom, and settled—like many eastern European Jews—in Manhattan’s crowded Lower East Side. In 1923, two brothers—Henry and Helal Hassenfeld—founded Hassenfeld Brothers, a textile remnant company in Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey. Over the next two decades, the company expanded to produce pencil cases and school supplies and resettled in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. His brothers discovered that filling the empty pencil boxes with rulers, compasses, notebooks, erasers, and things purchased from outside suppliers brought further success. Several expansions later, with revenues soaring, Hassenfeld Brothers produced doctor-and-nurse Stephen Hassenfeld fine-tuned his family’s company, Hasbro, with savvy acquisitions and the help of G.I. Joe. kits—its first toys—in 1940.

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• Hassenfeld Brothers’ first toy hit was Mr. •

•

•

• • • • • • • • • •

Potato Head, which the company purchased from inventor George Lerner in 1952. The concept of attaching plastic noses, ears, eyes, eyeglasses, mustaches and hats to fruit had already been rejected by a slew of other toy manufacturers. Stephen’s father Merrill thought the funny-looking toy was a good candidate for an advertising campaign on television—a new medium which was being neglected by most toy companies. The company paid a $500 advance against a five percent royalty, and in 1952, Mr. Potato Mr. Potato Head was a long-lasting hit in the world of toys. Head debuted in newspaper and TV commercials. Thanks to its pure silliness, Mr. Potato Head wound up on TV with comedian Jackie Gleason and in favorable newspaper stories nationwide. Because the toy was such a success, the company could not keep up with the orders. But the toy industry was a difficult place to claim consistency. The next big hit came in 1964. By then Stephen had graduated from Moses Brown School, a private academy founded by Quakers in 1784 in Providence, Rhode Island, and attended Johns Hopkins University, where he majored in political science, joined a fraternity and was the only student among his peers to have a credit card. Early in his senior year, in the fall of 1962, Stephen left Johns Hopkins without graduating. At his father’s insistence, Stephen worked at a Providence advertising agency before rejoining his father’s company, Hasbro, in 1964. By then the company had created G.I. Joe, which they termed an “action figure” in order to market the toy to boys who wouldn’t want to play with “dolls.” Toy competitor Mattel had taken the toy world by storm in the late 1950s with its Barbie dolls, and Hasbro wanted to introduce a similar product for boys. In 1963, Hasbro began development of a military-themed line of dolls that, like Barbie, could be accessorized with different outfits and equipment.

Hasbro’s action figures appealed to children and adults alike.

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• The original strategy called for a different figure for each

• • • • • • •

• • • • • • •

branch of the military, but Hasbro seized on the universality of the kind of soldier depicted in a 1945 film called The Story of G.I. Joe. The term “G.I. Joe” itself came from World War II, where it was used as a shorthand symbol for the typical serviceman, or “Government-Issue Joe.” G.I. Joe was initially a massive success, and Hasbro expanded the line throughout the 1960s, reimagining Joe as an astronaut, a deep-sea diver and a Green Beret. What made G.I. Joe unique was its 21 moving parts for interactive play, which helped ignite the imagination of young boys. The company’s promotional efforts included the catchphrase “Boy Oh Boy! It’s A Hasbro Toy!” in television commercials and print ads. While orders and cash flowed in, Stephen introduced tighter controls and information systems that helped restore order to the factory. Within two years, he restructured Hasbro’s national sales force, improved its distribution network, and experimented with the company’s marketing profile. Stephen was named executive vice president in 1968, the year Hasbro went public, and president in 1974 when toy Hassenfeld worked hard to improve the company and the G.I. Joe brand. sales topped $73 million but cash flow was so poor that his father had to use personal collateral to borrow operating capital. Until then, Hasbro had been run on the philosophy that great products will drive great sales and everything else will resolve itself. Stephen focused on inventory control, the collection of receivables, improving cash flow, and the establishment of working capital. He often worked 18-hour days, seven days a week to make sure that the company founded by his grandfather was not vulnerable to outside forces, competitors or capricious bankers. By the early 1970s, the G.I. Joe brand was doing quite well and Hasbro came up with innovative ways to keep it thriving. As the 1970s continued to evolve, so did G.I. Joe: the figure received lifelike hair, moveable eyes and a “kung-fu” grip, enabling him to hold on to objects for the first time. But some of the changes proved to be gimmicks, taken even further by Hasbro with the development of a space-traveling “Super Joe” in 1976. The reception was lukewarm to “Super Joe,” and by 1978, Hasbro gave G.I. Joe an honorable discharge.

Life at Work • In 1982, G.I. Joe and Stephen Hassenfeld discovered an unlikely savior in Star Wars. • The sci-fi flick and the collectables it spawned had rekindled America’s appetite for action figures, so Hasbro reintroduced a line of smallersized G.I. Joes to capitalize on the trend. • Instead of a single character, there was an entire battalion of G.I. Joes, each given signature weapons, back stories, and code names like Scarlett and Snake Eyes. • Joe also got a new enemy, Cobra—“a ruthless terrorist organization determined to rule the world,” as described in the intro to the 1980s TV cartoon G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero.

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• Stephen had taken over as the company’s president four years earlier when Hasbro posted a loss of $2.5 million on sales of $73 million. • Hasbro had avoided the fate of some other mid-sized toy companies whose fortunes soured in the late 1970s in the face of rising oil prices and runaway inflation. • Indeed, Hasbro had increased sales and earnings steadily; it estimated that 1982 revenues would reach $135 million and the company would obtain a net income of $6.5 million. • It was also in 1982 that G.I. Joe was The 1982 film Star Wars created a renewed interest in collectable action figures. licensed with Marvel Comics, a partnership critical to selling $51 million worth of the Real American Heroes line that Christmas. • Television’s voluntary guidelines limited extensive information in toy commercials, but there was no rule concerning TV commercials for comics, creating a spectator opportunity to reach children as their Christmas lists were being formed. • By that time, there were uniforms, weapons, vehicles and comic books rounding out the G.I. Joe brand, along with a marketing plan that included fan clubs, posters for grammar school classrooms, and the outlicensing of G.I. Joe’s image on breakfast cereals, lunch boxes, trading cards, sneakers, sleeping bags and swimming fins. • In 1983, Hasbro produced another successful toy franchise, My Little Pony, a toy for girls. • But the greatest opportunity in 1984 was not more toy products, but the potential acquisition of competitor Milton Bradley, whose legacy dated back to the Civil War and whose portfolio of products included The Game of Life, Candyland, Twister, Chutes and Ladders and Yahtzee. • Twenty-three-year-old Milton Bradley was a struggling lithographer looking for new uses for his underutilized press when, in the summer of 1860, he invented The Checkered Game of Life. • The board game sold 40,000 copies that first winter, launching a new business. • By the early 1900s, Milton Bradley sold games such as Ring Off, a wireless telephone game; The Auto Game, and Air King Game featuring a zephyr. • Then, in the early 1980s, Milton Bradley Company, twice the size of Hasbro and still a leader in educational games for children, plunged into video games. • U.S. video hardware sales had reached $950 million annually—more than three times the level just two years earlier—and software sales were growing at a rate of 500 percent a year to $1 billion. • Mattel and Coleco had already joined Commodore, Atari, and Texas Instruments in a competitive battle for the video game dollar; Milton Bradley did not want to be left behind. Hassenfeld’s partnership with Marvel Comics was well-calculated and • It was a total disaster. netted millions in sales.

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• Retailers who didn’t want ColecoVision or Mattel Intellivision had even less interest in Milton Bradley’s Vectrex.

• Collective losses were in the millions. • Hasbro, which had been tempted to jump into the video game competition that year, had not found the right product and stuck with old-fashioned plastic.

• As a result, Stephen’s Hasbro was able to buy the venerable Milton Bradley Company despite competition from Ronald O. Perelman, who was backed by junk bond king Michael Milken. • Many investors on Wall Street greeted the Bradley deal with derision, but as 1984 came to a close, Stephen found himself chairman of the largest toy company in the world, ahead of archrival Mattel, and owner of the Milton Bradley catalog of games. • He was even finding some early success with the toy introduction known as transformers. • And most of it because of sound business practices, good timing, and the popularity of a boy’s doll who seemed to have many lives.

Life in the Community: Pawtucket, Rhode Island • Pawtucket, Rhode Island, was a major contributor of cotton textiles during the Industrial Revolution. • Slater Mill, built in 1793 by Samuel Slater on the Blackstone River Falls in downtown Pawtucket, was the first commercially successful cotton-spinning mill with a fully mechanized power system in America. • Other manufacturers followed, transforming Pawtucket into a center for textiles, iron working and other industries. • The textile business in New England declined during the Great Depression, when manufacturers moved their facilities South where operations and labor were cheaper.

Pawtucket Falls, RI.

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• But unlike numerous older mill towns in the region, Pawtucket retained much of its industrial base. • Goods produced in the city included lace, non-woven and elastic woven materials, jewelry, • • • •

silverware, metals and textiles. Hasbro, one of the world’s largest manufacturers of toys and games, was also headquartered in Pawtucket. Twenty percent of Pawtucket residents were French or French-Canadian. Similar to nearby cities such as Providence and East Providence in Rhode Island, and Fall River and New Bedford in Massachusetts, Pawtucket hosted a significant population from across the Portuguese Empire, as well as an extremely significant Cape Verdean population. Pawtucket was also one of the few areas of the United States with a significant Liberian population, mostly refugees from Charles Taylor’s regime.

Slater Mill, downtown Pawtucket.

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1984: Rigo Garcia, 23-year-old Construction Worker from Costa Rica Twenty-three-year-old Rigo Garcia came to America to make enough money to build a house for himself and his fiancée in his native Costa Rica.

Life at Home • Rigo Garcia knew in his heart he always wanted to live in Costa Rica, but to build a house, he needed money.

• The community of San Lorenzo, Costa Rica, was nurturing, warm and secure; he had spent no more • • • • •

• •

•

•

than a dozen nights in his entire life away from the community of 312 people. His occasional trips to San Jose over Cerro de la Muerte, the Mountain of Death, which often took four to six hours by car, had taught him how treacherous the world can be. The activity of a city was overwhelming and exhausting. When on his last trip his car broke down, halfway to San Jose in the peak of the mountains, he had never felt so alone. At that moment, living in San Lorenzo for the rest of his days offered great appeal. But when his trip to San Jose was over, he was reminded once again that any man who wanted to make money must journey into the world and could not live within his mother’s womb forever. Besides, Rigo was desperately in love with a dark-eyed beauty and broke as a Costa Rican monkey. Already three of his friends had journeyed to Paterson, New Jersey, and returned with tales of ready work, eager women and more riches than a Tico farm boy could imagine. Rigo had stopped his education at age 14 to work alongside his father on the farm, where a three-acre plot sustained the family’s food needs and 10 acres of coffee plants provided ready cash every season. Many of the neighbors also grew sugar cane, which could be crushed locally and sold in nearby San Rigo Garcia left Costa Rica when he was 23-years-old. Isidro de El General, but Rigo’s father never liked farming cane.

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The Catholic Church in San Lorenzo.

• The rough roads of mountainous San Lorenzo caused each car and truck to struggle and strain up every path and down every gully, and thus charge too much to haul away the sugar mash.

• For almost a decade, dependable electricity had energized the community; for nearly twice that time, money earned in America had been used to build the houses that everyone envied.

• Some of the houses took years to construct as local boys living in America sent dribs and drabs of money back to their parents and brothers each month for the construction of the house.

• Sometimes the money would be enough to build a single wall or construct a roof, but rarely was it enough to build the whole house at one time.

• But Rigo knew that Paterson, New Jersey, was no paradise; his best friend Renaldo had admitted that behind all the big talk and ready cash were a lot of lonely and miserable times.

• Some days work was hard to come by; some weeks there was none at all, and the landlords had no sympathy for Spanish-speaking men who did not pay their rent on time.

• Besides, no place, even America, was as friendly as San Lorenzo, where a portion of every Sunday was set aside for visiting each other’s homes.

• Up the hill lived his aunts, down the hill his uncles and grandfather; across the valley lived his best friend, and his nine brothers and sisters and grandparents and half a dozen cousins all in one house.

• Even though the Catholic Church, constructed with decorative spaces in the wall shaped like • • • • •

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crosses, was just down a hill and served as a vital anchor for the community, Sunday visiting was the buoy that allowed everyone to grow up together. Rigo’s dream was to earn enough money so he could build an entire house with his own hands with only the help of friends and then present it to his fiancée. He had it all planned out: a concrete block house painted green, a red metal roof and walls outfitted with rollout jalousie windows which let in the cool air and kept out the rain. His house would have two couches that faced each other so his family could talk to each other every night; too much television was bad for families. As a special gift to his new bride, he planned to purchase beautiful green and red tile he had seen in San Isidro to cover the entire floor so the house would always look clean, bright and welcoming. On his last day in San Lorenzo before leaving for Mexico, Rigo watched a pair of beautiful green parrots fly across the valley near his parents’ home.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• He took it as a symbol he would return soon prepared for marriage.

• To make the journey bearable, more psychologically than

• • • • • • •

anything else, he took time to pick fruit from the mango trees and orange trees and then collected several sweet lemons that grew near his parents’ home. Then he climbed into the back of his cousin’s white Toyota pickup truck and rode for six days to the U.S./Mexican border. When they were one hour away, Rigo was instructed to crawl into a space beneath the bed of the truck for the crossing. There he stayed for three hours while his cousin and his wife—both U.S. legals—passed through customs and into America. By prior agreement, his cousin did not stop to let him go out until they were well within U.S. borders and away from suspicious eyes. The beauty of Costa Rica. On his first night in America, Rigo stayed with his cousin and his wife in a small apartment in Paterson, New Jersey. As planned, Rigo and his cousin both rose at six o’clock the next morning and headed toward a labor collection site where men congregated to get construction jobs. Rigo was excited by the opportunity but appalled by the smell of the urban landscape; he clearly was not in Costa Rica anymore.

Life at Work • On that first day, when the man shouted, “I need a roofer,” Rigo Garcia put up his hand even though he didn’t have a clue what “roofer” meant in English.

• Quickly he was told to join a group Costa Ricans, Guatemalans and Mexicans—all of them standing around chatting separately, waiting for the job to start. • Meeting fellow Ticos from Costa Rica helped settle his anxiety. • In fact, when one of them asked him in Spanish if he really knew anything about roofing, Rigo admitted the truth and everyone laughed. • “We will teach you,” an older man said, “ Ticos stick together.” • That was also the day he learned not to stand in front of the gringos who would shout at him in English and expect an answer. • Standing in the back was always better: don’t make eye contact, don’t look like you know the answer, and just stand there and watch what the others do. • Rigo discovered that he had the perfect skills to be a roofer; he was agile, surefooted and strong. • In the company of other Ticos, work was even fun, even if the foreman spent an enormous amount of energy yelling at everyone in English. Rigo’s cousin smuggled him across the US border.

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• Rigo quickly learned the construction terms and tools he •

•

•

• •

• • • • • • • • •

needed to know by their English names; after all, doing well on the job meant returning to Costa Rica sooner. But clearly, some accommodations were being made for Spanish speakers; gringo foremen had learned to identify items they wanted to discard as “trash’’ and also in Spanish as ”basura.’’ At a neighborhood grocery store, signs aimed at the Spanish-speaking population read, “Esta Bud es para usted’’—“This Bud’s for you’’—or advertised that a pesticide called Combat would spell the end of “problemas con las cucarachas’’—“problems with cockroaches.’’ Rigo learned to be cautious around English speakers, especially the police; since most officers in the field only spoke English, Spanish speakers would be taken to the jail to be read their rights in Spanish, and he had no desire to be close to any jail, American or Costa Rican. America brought several revelations. Never before had he seen toilets in which the waste paper Rigo worked as a roofer in New Jersey. was flushed away; in San Lorenzo where the sewer pipes were gravity fed and flowed into a distant field, toilet paper created too many problems when flushed and thus was placed in a trash can next to the toilet. He also discovered that hot water showers were truly a great invention; all his life he had taken cold showers and never thought of washing any other way. Non-political his entire life, Rigo became more interested in reading about American relations with Central America in the Spanish-language newspapers. By all appearances President Ronald Reagan was trying to get Costa Rica involved in the latest Central American squabbles even though Costa Rica had long ago dissolved its army to avoid such conflicts. The president also became very interested in America’s immigration policies. Recently, immigration officials had raided job sites throughout the country in an effort to catch illegal aliens who held better-paying jobs. The sweeps were designed to apprehend 3,000 to 5,000 aliens, and open up jobs for citizens and legal aliens. Rigo was concerned that the arrests would give the impression that undocumented workers were responsible for the nation’s high unemployment rate and stir up even more animosity toward Spanish-speaking immigrants. He was also concerned about getting caught and losing the $7-an-hour job, which paid more than twice the minimum hourly wage of $3.35. In the past, raids had targeted illegal aliens performing low-skilled manual labor—jobs that American citizens did not want.

Life in the Community: Paterson, New Jersey • Paterson, New Jersey’s origins date back to 1791, when Alexander Hamilton helped found the Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures. • The plan was to harness energy from the Great Falls of the Passaic to secure economic independence from British manufacturers. • French architect, engineer, and city planner Pierre L’Enfant, who developed the plans for Washington, D.C., was the first superintendent for the project.

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• The industries developed in Paterson were powered by the 77-foot-high Great Falls and a system of water raceways that harnessed the power of the falls.

• Dozens of mill buildings and other manufacturing structures associated with the textile industry and • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

later, the firearms, silk, and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries, clustered around the raceways. In the latter half of the 1800s, silk production became the dominant industry and formed the basis of Paterson’s most prosperous period, earning it the nickname “Silk City.” The city became a Mecca for immigrant laborers who worked in its factories. Since its beginnings, Paterson had been a melting pot. Irish, Germans, Dutch and Jews settled in the city in the nineteenth century. Italian and Eastern European immigrants soon followed. As early as 1890, many Syrian and Lebanese immigrants also arrived in Paterson. Many second- and third-generation Puerto Ricans had been calling Paterson home since the 1950s, and recently first-generation Dominican, Peruvian, Colombian, Central American, Mexican, Bolivian, and Argentine immigrants arrived. Western Market Street, sometimes called Little Lima, was home to many Peruvian and other Latin American businesses. The Great Falls Historic District, Cianci Street, Union Avenue and 21st Avenue housed several Italian businesses. To the north of the Great Falls was a fast-growing Bengali population. Park Avenue and Market Street between Straight Street and Madison Avenue was heavily Dominican and Puerto Rican. Main Street was largely populated by Mexicans, with a declining Puerto Rican community. Costa Ricans and other Central American immigrant communities were growing in the Riverside and Peoples Park neighborhoods. Broadway, or Martin Luther King Jr. Way, was predominantly black, as was the Fourth Ward and parts of Eastside and Northside.

Factories in Paterson NJ were powered by harnessing the energy of the Great Falls.

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• Paterson’s black community was composed of African Americans of Southern heritage and more recent Caribbean and African immigrants.

• Every summer, Patersonians enjoy an African American Day Parade, a Dominican Day Parade, a Puerto Rican Day Parade, a Peruvian Day Parade, and a Turkish American Day Parade. • Annually, Paterson’s Peruvian community celebrated “El Señor de los Milagros” or “Our Lord of Miracles” on October 18-28.

Immigrant laborers living in Paterson worked for this silk factory, just one of the many manufacturing structures powered by energy from the Great Falls of the Passaic.

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1985: James Krenov, Master Woodworker and College Professor Renowned cabinetmaker James Krenov taught the philosophy of wood and the techniques of building fine furniture at the College of the Redwoods in California.

Life at Work • At 65 years old, the bearded, long-haired furniture craftsman and teacher Jim Krenov insisted on • • • • • • • •

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calling himself “a pre-Kerouac hippie,” all the while insisting that he was only an amateur woodworker. As the founder of the fine woodworking program at the College of the Redwoods in Fort Bragg, California—one of the most influential programs of its kind in the country—Jim inspired a generation of furniture makers with an aesthetic influenced by organic, subtle details. Jim was a philosopher who wrote lyrically about his craft and his reverence for the subtleties of wood. Born on October 31, 1920, in the village of Uelen, Siberia, he was the only child of Dimitri and Julia Krenov. He and his family left Russia the following year, and after some time in Shanghai, China, they moved to a remote village in Alaska, where Jim’s parents worked as teachers. They lived in Alaska for seven years. Jim vividly remembered airplane drops of goods and supplies onto the snow for the villagers. In one of those bundles was a good steel jackknife. “From the time I was six, I was making my own toys with the jackknife; It was a joy to me that I could rely on my hands and my eyes to produce things.” In the mid-1930s, the Krenovs moved to Seattle, where Jim worked at a boatyard, building yachts and sailing on Puget Sound. Thanks to his family roots, he later became an interpreter for the Lend-Lease Program to provide supplies to America’s allies, dealing with Russian cargo ships throughout World War II. His time surrounded by boats influenced James Krenov founded the fine woodworking program at College of the his aesthetic; he loved the lines of boats: Redwoods. “There’s hardly a straight line on them,

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but there’s harmony. People think right angles produce harmony, but they don’t. They produce sleep,” Jim said. In 1947, he moved to Sweden and found very unsatisfying work at an electrical appliance factory; whenever he could, he roamed Europe. He met his future wife in Paris. After they were married on March 2, 1951, Jim and Britta traveled together in Italy and France, and spent many summers in the mountains of Sweden where they liked to hike. Jim enjoyed trout fishing in the mountain streams. Always a writer, Jim published several articles and a novel chronicling these travels. Back in Stockholm, Jim enrolled for two years in the school run by Carl Malmsten, considered by While he worked at a boatyard, Krenov developed a love of boats many the father of Scandinavian furniture and their design. design. After graduating, Jim set up shop in the basement of his home. Gradually, his work and philosophy gained recognition among peers and buyers. One commission, for a box to contain prized ceramics, came from King Gustav VI of Sweden. Toiling anonymously for years, he built a reputation for his simple designs; once established as a master woodworker, Jim also began sharing his expertise. He taught at Carl Malmsten’s in 1967 and 1968; “Carl would look at your table and he would run his hand around it and he would come to the corner, and he’d stand there a while doing this [rubs his hands together] and he wouldn’t say another word. He just walked off. And you’d spend the rest of the day wondering what the hell it was about that particular corner that his hand discovered.” His international engagements began with an invitation from Craig McArt and Wendell Castle to teach at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). Subsequent teaching engagements included the establishment of the program in Wood Artisanry for the Franklin Institute of Boston University, and as a Guest Professor in Graz, Austria, in 1978. “I traveled all over the world to talk about my work,” Jim said. “These weren’t high occasions—just people interested in talking with a craftsman. I’m known as the guy who is always interested in the thing that is both beautiful and useful.” The response of students at RIT led Jim to try his hand at writing again. In 1976, Krenov’s first book, A Cabinetmaker’s Notebook, was published and became so successful that he ended up writing four more books, including one that showcased the work of his students, With Wakened Hands. His publishers of A Cabinetmaker’s Notebook sent him on a barnstorming author’s tour of the U.S. that led, in turn, to an invitation from the University of California, Santa Cruz, to conduct a workshop. Three of the students at that workshop were members of the Mendocino Woodworker’s Guild who enticed Jim to conduct a workshop at the Mendocino High School in 1978. One lecture led to another in 1979, and again in 1980. The Woodworker’s Guild members then persuaded the College of the Redwoods, a regional community college with a budding branch in Fort Bragg, to establish a cabinetmaking program.

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• “They invited Britta and me up for a dinner and a look around, and we fell for the place, and there were people in the community who wanted to start a school and they finally got the College of the Redwoods to promote it and built the building because I promised I would come. • “So they said, ‘We’ll build a school if you’ll come.’ And I said, ‘I’ll come if you build a school.’” • The building was finished with the help of the first group of students in the fall of 1981.

Life at Work • For years, students from across the globe have attended Jim Krenov’s classes at the College of the Redwoods. • The most recent class included two students from New Zealand, two from London, one from Norway, one from Hawaii, two from Alaska, and a smattering from the remainder of the United States. • The hands-on, intense classes met six days a week for nine months; most of Jim’s students stayed one year, while a few stayed two years. • Few of his students planned to enter high-end cabinetmaking as a full-time profession. • Instead, most were part of a national trend that emphasized lifelong learning—including classes in cooking, crafts, foreign languages or the fine points of opera. • “Krenov really helped re-create an interest in fine woodworking that had largely died out by the 1950s,” says Frank Ramsay, president of the Bay Area Woodworkers Association. • “Krenov introduced a dramatic change from the ‘make a box, cover it with plywood and paint it’ era of the 1960s.” • One of the first lessons College of the Redwoods students tackled was a requirement to fashion their own tools, starting with a wood plane for scraping very thin strips of wood. • Jim called the plane “the cabinetmaker’s violin,” and often suggested that it be made from hornbeam wood because of the way it felt in a craftsperson’s hands. • The class then moved on to cabinet construction and design. • Jim believed machinery had its place in the shop, especially during the rude stages of stock removal, but thought that power tools often erased the “fingerprints” left on the finished piece that only handwork can leave. • What distinguished a piece of furniture was not the technical skill or even the figure of the wood; Jim’s credo was “that the work have life in it.” • It wasn’t about showing off technique as much as giving the work personality; it wasn’t a matter of conquering the wood, he believed, but letting it Krenov’s cabinets were known for their simple design. breathe.

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Krenov called his plane “the cabinetmaker’s violin.”

• “Early on, we get into the fact that our tools and materials will respond to our sensitivities; it’s the

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first link in a long chain that gradually becomes a natural way of working. You’re no longer worrying about the physical aspects of a tool, but about what you’re going to do with it. You’re thinking of how it’s going to feel and how the results will look.” Over time, the students were trained to develop an instinct for wood combinations, the colors and textures, melding them to make works with an elegant simplicity. “Let us know our wood as we do our hands, and work with it in common respect and harmony,” he wrote in The Fine Art of Cabinetmaking. A favorite wood was pear for its tranquility, its color, and its response to planes. His cabinets, rarely more than four feet high and 26 inches wide, were recognizable for their long, slim legs. On close examination, the legs reveal a variety of delicate shapes, where Jim’s knives and planes adhered to the natural contours of the wood and the patterns of its grain. He felt that details such as uniformly rounded edges, perfectly flat surfaces, and sharp corners removed the personal touch from a piece of furniture. His books extolled the virtues of clean lines, hand-planed surfaces, unfinished or lightly finished wood, and techniques that Jim referred to as “honest.” He loved curves, and was known for creating door panels with concave, billowing shapes like sails in the wind. For that reason, he avoided the word “design,” preferring the language of composing, a continual re-evaluation and improvisation open to wherever the wood takes the composer. A self-described “wood nut,” he often sought out woods that are rare, highly figured, or contain unique coloration; he liked to keep shavings of Lebanon cedar and sandalwood in a box beneath his bed so he could savor their fragrance.

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Life in the Community: Fort Bragg, California • Located in coastal Mendocino County, California, along State Route 1, the major north-south • • • • • • • • •

highway along the Pacific Coast, Fort Bragg was founded as a military fort prior to the Civil War. Fort Bragg became a popular tourist destination, thanks to its picturesque views of the Pacific Ocean and rugged Northern California coastline. The town of 6,500 advertised itself as the official Gateway to the California Coastal National Monument, bragging “We’ve got bookshops for the bookish, thrift stores for the thrifty, shops for the shoppers, art for the artists, camping supplies for the campers. “There are no traffic jams, no rush hour (no rushing of any kind) and no parking meters downtown. “The air is some of the purest on earth; the blue-green ocean pristine.” The Redwoods Community College District was formed in 1964 by an election of the people of Humboldt County; a bond issue of $3.6 million was passed for the initial construction phase of the college. Instruction began in 1965 and continued into 1967 at Eureka High School. Initially, 45 majors were offered, 15 of which were technical-vocational. Over 1,800 students registered at the College in 1965-66. The founding President/Superintendent, Dr. Eugene J. Portugal, supervised a full-time faculty and administrative staff of 31, with 85 part-time instructors.

Fort Bragg, California.

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“James Krenov, Reflections on the Risks of Pure Craft,” Glenn Gordon, Fine Woodworking Magazine, November/December, 1985 The air is charged with Krenov, but the mood of the school is actually pretty loose. It isn’t a tyranny. The students are generally good humored and relaxed. A certain amount, not all, of student work bears a resemblance to Krenov’s, some of it very closely, which makes it tempting to criticize as merely the work of Krenovian clones, but I think this too conveniently misunderstands it. It’s plain to see that some of the students regard the imitation of a master as the price of becoming one oneself, but I also saw work being done that looks nothing at all like what one would associate with Krenov. As long as Krenov feels it is done with sensitivity and skill, he doesn’t knock it, but it is clear, from the overall look of things, that Krenov isn’t running an art school consecrated on the worship of Design. As independent a spirit as Krenov is, he is still the exponent of an essential conservative furniture tradition. He teaches a craft which has definite and settled criteria in his mind. There is room for experiment, but at heart, the school is committed to the classic way of cabinetmaking, not to the search for profound originality, or to the idea of Design as an activity poised on the edge of the breaking wave of innovation. Welcome Letter to College of the Redwoods, James Krenov We are a community college accepting students with varying degrees of experience. Our course is organized, but very relaxed. Because the students all have the same beginning point, that is, wanting to be here, we discover that there’s a wonderful comradeship and feeling among them; they share a lot. We try to demystify the process of working wood; we simplify it. We concentrate on the logic and the simple physical and mental relationships in any given process. From the very beginning we work with people, leading them to the realization that wood is a vastly rich material and that different kinds of wood call for different methods of working. Wood also has colors, patterns, and textures that can fit into the work. We help people discover the graphics of wood, and that any shape or proportion can be given additional life through proper use of the wood, whether it’s in a cabinet or as something as sculptural as a chair. We hope that in viewing what we are offering here, you will pay attention to the details, notice the results, and come to realize that if one cares enough, if one pays enough attention to the richness of wood, to the tools, to the marvel of one’s own hands and eye, all these things come together so that a person’s work becomes that person, that person’s message. In this work, in these details, in these elements, something of a person is included. Their fingerprints or their sense of proportion, line, and detail are there; and what you’re experiencing is something very personal from each of these people: something that they’ve put their heart and soul into. And we hope some of their enjoyment shows, too.

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1985: Paul Howe, Professional Football Player Paul Howe overcame his lack of stature to fulfill his desire to play professional football for 11 teams spanning three leagues.

Life at Home • Born in Lexington, Massachusetts, in 1951, Paul Howe grew up with a love for sports that blossomed • • • • •

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after his father, Charles, a sales engineer, took him to a Boston Patriots game on Paul’s tenth birthday. Boston had been awarded the eighth and final franchise in the new American Football League in 1959, and Lou Saban had been named the team’s first head coach. Paul was giddy with excitement to be going and was ready for the game two hours early. He knew all about the team, its players and its plans. He had even submitted dozens of entries when the team asked the public to name the team; thousands of entries were submitted and 74 fans suggested the winning name, the Boston Patriots. Boston Globe artist Phil Bissell then drew a cartoon of a Minuteman preparing to snap a football; team owners liked the drawing so much “Pat Patriot” was selected as the team logo. The team’s regular season home opener came on September 9, 1960, when 21,597 fans at Boston University field watched the team lose to the Denver Broncos 13-10. Paul’s game was a whirlwind of noises, tastes and sounds; his father bought him a souvenir banner, three hot dogs and a drink. Paul was deliriously happy, even though his team lost. He slept all the way home. After that, Paul would rather play football than watch television, unless a game was on. As an athlete, Paul developed a team-first attitude that impressed his coaches and teammates, who voted him team captain of both the high school football and hockey What Paul Howe lacked in size he made up for in perseverance. teams.

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When Paul didn’t make the NFL draft, he tried out for the World Football League.

• The local newspaper promoted him as a college prospect, but the team’s 5 and 5 season didn’t draw much attention to a six-foot, 210-pound defensive lineman.

• Paul played his college ball at the University of Pittsburgh while majoring in physical education. • Most colleges had passed on Paul because he was deemed undersized for both an offensive and • • • • • • • • •

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defensive lineman, but Pitt used an innovative speed-based defense that allowed undersized linemen to be aggressive. Paul set his sights on the pro game; however, he went undrafted in the NFL’s 12-round Annual Selection Meeting; most teams were interested in big, space-eating defensive linemen. He signed with the Atlanta Falcons, but was cut before the 1974 season began, because he was considered too small to play the run. He then tried the rival World Football League. He signed with the Chicago Blitz, but again failed to make the final cut. It pained him to get the phone call that he was to turn in his playbook. Year round, Paul painted houses to make ends meet as he continued to work out and prepare himself for the pros, writing letters to teams hoping to receive an invitation to training camp or to replace an injured player. Paul spent two years as a nomad in training camps with the Washington Redskins, the WFL’s Charlotte Hornets, and back to the NFL with the New England Patriots. His life consisted of sweating in the summer sun of training camp, moving from city to city, learning new playbooks, and finding himself a stranger in every locker room. Logic told him to surrender his dream, face facts, and get a job coaching high school sports, but his heart wouldn’t let him give up.

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• He sharpened his focus and in 1976 his perseverance paid off as he landed on the roster of the Denver Broncos.

• He impressed head coach Robert “Red” Miller with his special team skills and attitude, but the Broncos famous “Orange Crush” defense was talented and deep, so Paul was moved to the offensive line. • He stayed late, learning every spot on the line, working at all five positions to make himself a more attractive backup. • Paul made the team and was part of the Denver Broncos 1978 Super Bowl team, a career high for him.

Life at Work • Paul Howe enjoyed life in the Mile High City with its year-round golfing, skiing and hiking. • And he had felt financially secure enough to marry Nancy, a sales associate at a sporting goods store he frequented.

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roster as the 12-round draft brought younger, cheaper competition to challenge his roster spot. A coaching change in 1981 and a new pass-oriented scheme that didn’t fit Paul’s abilities left him with only his special team skills to make the team. In the NFL, if you are not a starter, you must earn your keep on special teams. Special teams were beginning to come to attention in the early 1980s, thanks to players like Bill Bates and Andre Waters, who played with reckless abandon, sacrificing their bodies for the sake of Paul’s wife, Nancy stayed in Denver when he was traded to the making a tackle. Some players did not report concussions for fear of Colts. losing playing time or not making the team at all. Paul used his hockey experience to help him play aggressively, but under control, so as not to receive the brain damage that prematurely ended the careers and even the lives of players. Undersized for a lineman, but with speed and tenacity, Paul became a hero on special teams. Coach Red Miller called his style of play “hell-bent.” His teammate, the tough, undersized linebacker Tom Jackson, gave him the nickname “Thumper.” “Whenever I made a hit, Tom said I thumped somebody.” Paul’s prowess for special team play was not only appreciated by his coach and teammates, but also the fans. The Bronco fans loved and identified with his blue-collar background and rooted for him to make the roster each year. Some fans wore T-shirts that had “Howe’s Herd” emblazoned on the back, turning Paul into a cult hero. Mile High Stadium would shake as fans stomped their feet to a Howe tackle. But loyalty was a rare commodity; Paul was traded to the Baltimore Colts in 1982, just as the league went on strike. With Nancy in Denver and no locker room fellowship, Paul increased his drinking, going to bars and making bets with customers who wanted to try and outdrink a tough guy pro football player. When the season began, the marriage was strained and Paul found himself depressed, which kept his drinking at a dangerous level.

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“Thumper” was Paul’s nickname.

• His on-field performance suffered and the Colts dumped him, but he signed with the Chicago Fire of a new World Football League.

• But the WFL had financial difficulties, and some teams even had their uniforms confiscated by sheriff’s deputies.

• Things grew worse at home as Nancy admitted to having an affair; Paul felt helpless. • The next football season, Paul jumped at a chance to return to Denver and play for his old Broncos • • • • • •

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head coach, Red Miller, now in charge of the Denver Gold of the United States Football League (USFL). Miller was fired four games into the season due to difficulties with ownership, and new coach Darrell “Mouse” Davis preferred a wide open passing offense. After the 1984 spring USFL season ended, Paul was released and no team came calling. He was losing his wife, about to lose his home, and knew he was going in the wrong direction. His never-give-up attitude aided him in the difficult challenge of turning his life around, as one day he said to himself, “Paul, you’re a bum and you weren’t raised to be a bum.” He told Nancy he wanted to get back together; he promised to quit drinking and join a church support group. They began attending church regularly and vowed to make a new start.

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• Word of getting his act cleaned up got back to the Broncos, who signed him to the biggest contract he had ever received.

• In a job where only 215 out of every 100,000 high school senior football players make it to the NFL and with an average career length of only 3.5 years, Paul felt blessed to celebrate his tenth year in professional football.

Life in the Community: Denver, Colorado • Like Paul Howe, visitors have long been attracted by Colorado’s frontier past, informal living and • • • • • • • •

breathtaking scenery. Admitted to the Union in 1876, Colorado holds the title of the highest of the 50 states and has an average of 300 days of sunshine each year. Although gold started Colorado’s road to statehood, crude oil, natural gas and coal now played a critical role in the economy of the state. In addition, Colorado was the major source of steel hardening minerals such as molybdenum and tungsten. Originally known as the “Queen City of the Plains,” Denver is now recognized as the “Mile High City.” Denver spreads over nearly 100 square miles, with the city and surrounding areas claiming more than one million people. Dominating the Denver skyline is the gold-domed state Capitol building, which is topped with solid 28-carat gold leaf from the mines of the Rockies. More than 200 federal bureaus, agencies and regional offices are located in Denver, giving rise to its claim of being the “Western Washington, DC.” Military facilities in and around Denver house more than 52,000 people, providing an annual federal payroll of more than $700 million.

Paul was drawn to Colorado’s natural beauty.

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1985: Edwidge Dominique, 23-year-old Artist from Haiti in Miami, Florida After a lifetime of dreaming, two-and-a-half years of planning, and 18 months in America, Edwidge Dominique was no closer to being a highly recognized artist than he had been when he left Haiti.

Life at Home • Twenty-three year-old Edwidge Dominique’s anger was on the edge of bitterness. • Since he was a small boy, Edwidge had been fascinated by the vibrant colors of Haiti’s landscape and had grown adept at using paint to differentiate shadow from dimness, light from brightness.

• Color subtlety was so fascinating to Edwidge, he spent nearly a month doing six paintings of an acacia tree illuminated by different light cast at various times during the day.

• His older brothers and sisters thought the tree series was an enormous waste of time; “Pretty pictures will not feed you or get you a wife,” his older sister Kaiama hissed.

• But his grandmother, the only parent he had ever known, loved his artwork and said over and over, “One day you will be famous.”

• That was Edwidge’s dream. • How this fire could be quenched became clear when he met an American couple who were in Les •

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Cayes to visit the Sisters of Charity Orphanage in the middle of the city. As was his habit, Edwidge was selling his latest paintings that day in the market alongside fruit vendors, woodworkers and dressmakers when the Americans stopped, admired, and then bought everything he had on display without haggling over the price. He trembled at the sight of US$85.00 in his hand. Unable as he was to understand English, only later did Edwidge learn from an old fruit dealer that the woman had said, “These will sell for five times more in America. He is very talented and should display his work in New York and Miami.” Edwidge had never experienced such happiness; her words were burned in his soul. In America, he told himself, “I can be an artist who is famous and rich.” Edwidge Dominique, shown here with his sisters, left Haiti to become a So for the next two and a half years, famous artist. Edwidge was consumed by the idea of

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America, particularly Miami, where his second cousin was living and doing well enough so that every month he sent money home. Everyone was in agreement that he should go, especially if he planned to send money back; even his doctor, who was trained in Cuba, said, “I think you should go.” Since the late 1970s thousands had fled Haiti with no money, using makeshift boats and totally lacking any documentation, taking only their fervent prayer “God is good” as a sign that somehow they would be admitted to the United States. Most were not. Thousands drowned during the journey; more were caught by the Coast Guard or Immigration officials and unceremoniously sent back to Haiti. Some made it to America and asked for asylum or at least the same privileges offered Cubans fleeing that neighboring Caribbean island. Terrified that an all-volunteer army of Painting by a Haitian artist. unemployed, illiterate Haitians was about to descend on America’s privileged Gold Coast, Florida’s residents fought back. Cubans should have special privileges because they were fleeing Castro’s communism, they said; Haitians, they remarked, were running from poverty and would only bring more crime, AIDS, drugs and additional burdens for the area schools. But after a series of battles in American courts, some Haitians were given the status of “Cuban/Haitian entrant,” which provided an ambiguous legal position in the United States, but did allow them to stay. More Haitians, most of whom could not swim, transformed themselves into “boat people” in hopes of gaining entry into the U.S.; the U.S. Coast Guard was instructed to seek them out and make sure they didn’t arrive. Those who were captured at sea were rapidly repatriated to Haiti with the cooperation of the Haitian government and the Reagan Administration. By 1983, Edwidge knew that unrest was rumbling throughout Haiti and that the Duvalier family might one day be dethroned. Now was the time to chase his dream, he decided. In all, he had gathered together $480, which he gave to a well-dressed man from Portau-Prince who promised that Edwidge would land safely in Miami “without even getting your feet wet.” It was not the first lie Edwidge would be told.

Life at Work • Edwidge Dominique’s boat trip to America began in a rubberized raft loaded to overflowing with desperate people; 14 nervous men were jammed into a raft designed to hold eight.

• Upon hitting the first wave, the raft sagged into the sea and everyone was soaked within minutes.

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• Edwidge was able to keep his spare clothing dry but the art supplies he had packed so carefully were ruined.

• The raft was then paddled very slowly into the inky night to a waiting trawler that had seen better • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

days and soon was overwhelmed by the number of rafts that congregated at its side. The trawler, operating mostly at night, drifted toward Miami for more than two weeks; Edwidge’s many questions went unanswered even when a group of men threatened the captain’s life if land was not found soon. The final stage of the trip was by a small speedboat, with a faulty motor, that was intended to take the illegal immigrants to an isolated dock south of Miami near Homestead. Underpowered and overloaded, the boat accidentally dumped Edwidge into the water when they were just within sight of land. Edwidge swam for his life, guided only by lights at the dock. Exhausted by the long trip and the arduous swim, he offered no resistance to the police awaiting his arrival. Altogether the voyage had taken 18 days; the boat carried supplies for about 10 days and the trip ended in a detention facility, courtesy of the United States Government. For 11 months, Edwidge was held at the Krome Center in Miami while politicians and federal agencies considered whether he and nearly 15,000 other Haitian refugees should be allowed to stay in the country. His family did not know whether he had arrived or was lost at sea. No paints, no privacy and few lawyers who spoke Creole were available. Then, he was freed from detention without any explanation he could understand. He was given special permission to stay temporarily in America but denied all immigration papers that would allow him to work. Housing was provided until his case was settled. Edwidge felt listless and unable to paint; without the special light of Haiti his paintings grew dark, less vibrant and apparently unsellable. Every day he waited for the knock on the door that said he would be sent back; maybe it was a knock he would embrace, he repeatedly told himself.

Life in the Community: Haiti and Miami, Florida • Even though Haiti was one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, Haitians had a rich • • • • • •

culture and historical heritage. Haiti was the second-oldest republic in the Americas, established by slaves in a revolt against the French, grounded on the “rights of man” in 1804. Historians believe that the defeat of Napoleon’s forces by the Haitian slave rebellion paved the way for the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of America and dramatically reduced the holdings of the French on the continent. The French took possession of Santo Domingo, as colonial Haiti was known, at the end of the seventeenth century. By the middle of the eighteenth century, when 400,000 imported African slaves worked at the sugar cane, coffee, cotton and indigo plantations, Haiti was the most profitable colony in the world, far more valuable to the French than 13 North American colonies were to the British. But little of that wealth remained after the land was divided into subsistence farms and Western powers, including the United States, established punitive policies against the only country in the Americas to be established through a slave revolt. Situated between Spanish-speaking Cuba and the Dominican Republic, mountainous Haiti retained its distinct linguistic and cultural identity; French Creole and French remained the major languages.

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• Haiti was at once the most densely populated and the most rural nation in the Caribbean region; peasant agriculture dominated the economy.

• Even in the southern seaport city of Les Cayes, with a population of 36,000, the electricity was • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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unreliable, sometimes only working four hours a day. At night the entire city was dark except for a few dozen homes and businesses outfitted with solar power collectors. Locally made charcoal was used for heating, and clean water was a luxury; hundreds of children died yearly from waterborne diseases. To escape the poverty of Haiti, a growing body of Haitians, including the country’s educated elite, gravitated to Miami and created the nucleus of a community that needed Creole-speaking teachers, professionals and entrepreneurs. Officially, 50,000 Haitians were said to live in the Miami area; Haitian community leaders put the figure closer to 75,000. Educated Haitians found in Miami an agreeable climate and a sense of community that had been denied them in exile elsewhere. Haitians who grew up in other parts of the U.S. were often ashamed of their nationality; Miami changed that, especially for professionals. However, the people who came by boat encountered a stream of legal and social problems in the United States, principally, the inability to gain asylum as political refugees. Twenty-five thousand Haitians in south Florida faced proceedings that could lead to their departure from the United States. The Haitian boat people were catapulted into the national spotlight in 1980 when some 15,000 began arriving in south Florida on the heels of the larger Cuban refugee boatlift. The United States 1980 Census found 90,000 people who said one or both parents were of Haitian ancestry, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service estimated that there were probably an equal number of Haitians in America illegally. A survey published by the Behavioral Science Research Institute of Coral Gables estimated that 22,800 Haitians resided in the Edison-Little River community, which included Little Haiti. The survey concluded that half were unemployed, half could not converse in English and two-thirds had a household income of less than $150 a week. Despite the high unemployment rate among Haitians, four times that of the U.S., the study noted that there was no greater dependency upon public agencies for assistance among Haitians than other groups. The report said this reflected the strong desire among many Haitians to be self-sufficient rather than depend on agencies for help. But the Haitian community had found few ways to confront the public reaction to the discovery that some victims of AIDS were Haitian. Of the 1,641 AIDS cases reported in the United States, 5 percent were Haitian, yet AIDS was being identified as a disease associated with homosexuals, drug users and Haitians.

1985: Valerie Jaffen, 12-year-old Cellist from Connecticut Talented, musically gifted 12-year-old Valerie Jaffen was anxiously waiting to celebrate her Bas Mitzvah in a new home in Stamford, Connecticut.

Life at Home • Valerie Jaffen was only a few weeks away from her twelfth birthday and her long-awaited Bas Mitzvah.

• For the past several months, she had been learning the passage of the Torah assigned to the week of • • • •

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her birthday and working closely with Rabbi Edelman on her speech. Each week she and the Rabbi met at the Reformed Temple not far from her home in Stamford, Connecticut. The memorization was not difficult—Valerie prided herself on learning passages quickly—but preparing her talk was a challenge because it must be perfect and accurately reflect the impact on her of becoming an adult and being a Jew. True to her meticulous nature and depth of religious feeling, she struggled through draft after draft. Rabbi Edelman believed that her parents were less devoted than she and that her speech would help guide them into a deeper faith. He kept telling her how impressed he is with her effort, which made her work even harder. For Valerie, order was important. She brought the same dedication to playing the cello, doing her homework, or arranging her complex schedule. Over her parents’ heated objections, she was currently involved in sailing, horseback riding, tennis and dance. Her mother repeatedly said she must give up something, but Valerie insisted that as long as her grades were good, she has earned the right to stay busy. She kept a calendar on her bedroom door so everyone in the house knew her daily schedule: Monday, horseback riding and cello; Tuesday, sailing and Valerie Jaffen was looking forward to her Bas Mitzvah. allergy shot; Wednesday, tennis and

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cello; Thursday, dance and orchestra; Friday, Hebrew School and Bas Mitzvah preparation. From sundown Friday until sundown Saturday, she kept free for Temple, reflection, and work on her Bas Mitzvah speech. Sailing and tennis she found hard and unnatural, but when she was on horseback, especially a quarter horse named Perry, she felt totally alive. Her other passion, when she is alone and playing her cello, was talking with her cat Greyboy, who had been her best friend since she was three. Her father liked for her to play the Romantics and more modern works on the cello, but she preferred Baroque, particularly Bach, because of its order and precision. She had few friends, since her family only moved to Stamford last summer from her childhood home in Mount Kisco, New York, where her grandparents still lived. Her sprawling new house had 10,000 square feet, encompassing six bedrooms, six full baths and an artist’s studio, which is being used as a Tennis was one of Valerie’s many interests. music room. Sitting on two acres, the house was built in 1914 on the tip of a point extending into Long Island Sound. The compound included a pool, tennis court and four-car garage.

Her sprawling 10,000 square foot home was built in 1914.

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Valerie’s busy schedule included sailing.

• Valerie’s mother, Ruth, was completely redecorating the interior of the home; this was her dream • • • • • •

project. For two years she had been lobbying for a new home, ever since her husband Richard took several companies public and earned millions of dollars in bonuses. After all, as Ruth has said repeatedly, she quit college to support Richard through the Wharton School of Business; now that their hard work and investments had been paid off, this house was her diploma. Valerie’s Bas Mitzvah reception will be her mother’s first opportunity to unveil the new home, a way of greeting her new community in style. She was currently splitting her time between supervising the renovations and planning the reception. Valerie wanted to keep the reception simple, but feels no one is listening to her. She was saving her excitement for the arrival of both sets of grandparents, who will be coming from Mount Kisco for her birthday, the Bas Mitzvah and the reception.

Life at School • The move from Mount Kisco to Stamford had been difficult. • In contrast to her old school, Greenwich Academy, which she then attended, is private, all-female, and has fewer Jewish students. • The teachers were very nice, the classes hard, and the girls very cliquish; she found it hard to make the kind of friends she enjoyed in her old school. • Some girls have even made remarks about her hair, which she had considered one of her best features. • Valerie was self-conscious that she must take an allergy shot once a week; no one at the school knew about her allergy except her friend Amy.

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Growing up, she learned to play the Romantics, but preferred Baroque pieces.

• For her birthday, Valerie’s mother is getting contact lenses to replace her glasses, and though • • • • • • • • • •

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Valerie was not sure she wanted contacts, her mother insists it will help her fit in better at the new school. The one major change she liked at Greenwich Academy is the school uniform of a plaid skirt, white blouse and blazer; it suits her sense of order. Since arriving at the school, she had auditioned and been accepted by the Young Artists Philharmonic, which was known throughout the state. The audition in front of dozens of people she had never seen scared her to death; to block them out of her mind, she concentrated on playing her audition piece perfectly. She had been disappointed by the lack of Baroque music on the orchestra program, but was glad to have found her friend Amy McAdam, who was one year older and played the violin with the orchestra, and loved Bach and cats as much as Valerie did. They practice together frequently and have devised plans to invite two other girls to join them so they can form a string quartet. But Valerie knew that might mean giving up something, like sailing or horseback riding, or tennis, or dance. Naomi, the au pair from Israel, who was a distant cousin of her mother, made meeting the hectic schedule possible. Naomi came to America to perfect her English, meet boys and have adventures; getting up at 6:30 a.m. to coddle two children was not her favorite part of the plan. Even though she thought keeping up with two kids was a chore, she knew better than to complain out loud. Most mornings Valerie got up, feeds Greyboy, changed his litter box and is in the shower by the time Naomi came upstairs to wake up six-year-old David.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• After breakfast, Naomi piled Valerie and David into the family station wagon and drives them to their respective schools.

• After school, she picked them up and began the seemingly endless procession to lessons and • • • • • • • • • •

appointments. Valerie normally sees her mother at dinner and sometimes before bed, but seldom sees her father since their move to Connecticut. When they lived in Mount Kisco, he worked hard but always came home at night, no matter how late. Now, he had an apartment in the city, coming to Stamford only on Sundays. When home, he delighted in hearing Valerie play the cello; sometimes entire Sunday afternoons were spent showing her father all she has done during the past week. Recently, she even dressed up for a Sunday concert for one, as though it were a formal orchestra recital, wearing her long black skirt, white blouse and black dress pumps. While her father enjoyed her performances, Valerie knew that he liked her brother best. David’s boisterous recitations and antics have her father roaring with laughter; he never laughs that hard at her stories. Late at night, after Valerie went to bed, she sometimes heard her mother and father argue; one night her father called for a driver and left in the middle of the night. The next night at dinner, her mother said terrible things and even blurted out that Valerie’s music teacher thought that she is very technically competent, but will never be a great artist. That night Valerie cried herself to sleep, afraid her father might never come back, and equally afraid her music teacher was right in his assessment of her talent.

Life in the Community: Stamford, Connecticut • Located in southwestern Connecticut, Stamford is located on Long Island Sound, at the New York border; its population is approximately 103,000.

• Because of its location, the city serves as the headquarters of numerous Fortune 500 corporations. • Ruth Jaffen felt that living closer to New York City would provide the children with the many •

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advantages they deserve. Stamford boasts a branch of the University of Connecticut, a branch of the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Stamford Museum and Nature Center. In music, the city is known for the Stamford Symphony Orchestra, the Young Artists Philharmonic, and the Connecticut Grand Opera. The Young Artists Philharmonic was organized in 1960 to give talented young musicians a chance to play challenging music and participate in concerts. Through the years, it has been invited to perform for national, state and special events; quartets and quintets from the orchestra often perform at local functions. The Stamford Marriott Crossword Puzzle Tournament is an annual event in the city, attracting thousands. Since incorporation in 1893, city officials have bestowed a variety of nicknames and mottoes on Stamford: City of Research, City in Step with Tomorrow, and Lock City.

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The Young Artists Philharmonic, Admission Admission to the orchestra is by closed auditions which are held in September and May of each year. Students should come prepared to play any short piece or étude of their choice which best reflects their abilities. Older students will be asked to sight-read. Students are auditioned on an individual basis by the conductors, who have the sole determination as to group placement. Students are placed by ability, not age, although some students find it beneficial to be placed relative to their peer group. Students, with the exception of the flute players, are informed of their placement at the time of their audition.

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1985: Alex Behr, Corporate Director of European Operations Alex and Naomi Behr returned to Switzerland for the second time where Alex headed European operations for Union Carbide. He was in charge of Union Carbide companies in three countries, and during his reign, the full impact of an attempted takeover was becoming clear.

Life at Home • The Behrs lived in a Swiss section of Geneva, Switzerland, avoiding the section of the city populated • • • • • • • • • • •

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by “IAs” or Internationally Assigned foreigners, mostly Americans. They believed it is more exotic to live with Swiss neighbors. They were renting a home previously occupied by a company executive who recently retired. The home was a duplex, and large by European standards at 2,000 square feet. They were paying $1,600 a month in rent. He traveled extensively in his job, often nine out of 10 weeks, and was rarely home. When he traveled to the Middle East or eastern Europe on business, he did not even make it home on weekends. His wife Naomi attempted to make friends, but their son, a sophomore in high school, was miserable. His son wanted to return to the United States where he could play American football, see his girlfriend, and drive a car. Even though he had a driver’s license from the United States, the laws of Switzerland do not permit the teenager to drive until he is 18 years old. Naomi returned occasionally to the United States to see her two oldest children, both of whom were in college. The couple also took several trips together, including an antique-buying spree in London, a cruise in the Mediterranean, and a trip to northern Africa to buy rugs. They purchased a vacation home on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Each month, they mailed $2,000 to the United States for mortgage and upkeep of the second home. The first of three children and the son of a salesman, Alex Behr was in charge of companies in three countries Alex was born in the Boston community of Hyde Park and five businesses. in 1940, and was raised in that city.

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The Behrs lived in a Swiss section of Geneva, Switzerland, adjacent to farms but not far from the more populated parts of the city.

• His father worked as a salesman at various times for the family lumber business, Bendix, during the Second World War, and for a company that manufactured commercial laundry equipment.

• His mother, who did not work, was active in the Episcopal Church in the altar guild as a Sunday school teacher, and also as a welcome hostess in the community.

• She enjoyed playing bridge and taking part in a “Thought Club” of women that gathered once a month to discuss current books.

• His father took his work seriously, rarely allowing himself time to participate in his children’s activities and athletic events.

• His paternal grandparents and his maternal grandmother all lived within a few blocks of his childhood home.

• Because a relative previously worked for Union Carbide, Alex interviewed with the company following his graduation from MIT.

• Until he was six years old, the family rented a home; after the third child was born, his parents bought the first and last home they would own.

• To accommodate the growing family, the house was expanded, adding a two-story addition that provided an additional bedroom upstairs and a breakfast room downstairs.

• After the addition, the house had four bedrooms, one bathroom upstairs, and a half-bathroom downstairs and also included a two-car garage.

• When the home was built, the streets within the city limits of Boston were still unpaved. • In the 1950s, Alex’s sister developed polio and nearly died. • Only a few years later, the Salk vaccine was introduced, dramatically reducing the occurrence of the illness.

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• Growing up, he walked to the area schools, which were often more than a mile away; in the seventh • • • • • •

grade, he enrolled in West Roxbury Latin School, after which his father drove him to and from school. There he was required to participate in organized athletics and selected baseball, football, and wrestling as his sports. Prior to attending Roxbury Latin, he had never played football. His education included training in Greek, allowing him to read the Bible in Greek by his junior year; he had considered a career in the ordained clergy, but did not pursue the inclination. At MIT, he majored in beer, girls, and engineering, roughly in that order. During his sophomore year, he began specializing in chemical engineering because many of his friends were headed in that direction and it required less math. At MIT, he participated in the two years of mandatory ROTC training and then elected to participate in it his third and fourth years; his senior year he was a Senior Regional Commander of the Perishing Rifles, a subsidiary activity of ROTC.

Life at Work • He is at the pinnacle of his career as a vice president at Union Carbide, with authority over five businesses and three country companies—Germany, Turkey, and Dubai.

• His home base is Geneva, Switzerland, although he travels nine weeks out of 10. • He thinks nothing of making a day trip from Geneva to Dusseldorf, Germany, headquarters of the • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

German operations. Chauffeurs drive him to and from the airport, occasionally the company’s private plane flies him where he needs to be that day. A trip away from home may last a day, but often will take more than a week, especially when he visits customers throughout eastern Europe or the Middle East. Business meetings are held with suppliers of the raw materials used by the company, customers, and prospects. He often conducts business over dinner, and his days are frequently very long. The trips also allow him to review the business performance of the areas he manages, which include films for the food industry, metal coatings, proprietary catalysts, and engineering services. Language is rarely an issue; English is spoken well and freely by the people he meets, especially businessmen in developed countries. Alex also speaks French, but not well enough, he believes, to negotiate sensitive deals in that language. Six times a year, he flies back to the United States for planning sessions and meetings in Connecticut at corporate headquarters. Even though Union Carbide’s market reach is global, most strategic decision making is still centralized in the United States. Union Carbide’s current employment worldwide tops 100,000. The company describes itself in annual reports as a “global powerhouse.” It leads the world in polyolefin production, dry-cell batteries, and graphite electrodes for steel making, and is the largest producer of industrial gases in the United States. Its portfolio includes an agricultural products business, the world’s largest-selling brand of antifreeze, and such specialty businesses as food-processing, silicones, molecular sieves, coating services, specialty chemicals, and specialty polymers. A Carbide associate’s identity is built around reliability, responsibility, and stability. Many Wall Street analysts view Carbide as a dull, underperforming company and are growing more concerned about the impact of the chemical leak at Bhopal and a hostile takeover bid that is now under way.

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Union Carbide’s employment worldwide topped 100,000.

• The December 3, 1984, tragedy of a chemical leak at Bhopal, India, changed the company. • The release of the gas methyl isocyanate, used in the preparation of insecticides, resulted in the deaths of more than 3,500 people in India and 150,000 injuries.

• When stockholders met in the spring of 1985, the per-share stock price had fallen from $60 a share • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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to $30. Union Carbide is currently attempting to fend off a hostile takeover by GAF Corporation. This has been one of the most turbulent years for Carbide, which began its operations in 1917 in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia. Alex joined Union Carbide in 1961 in Charleston, West Virginia, the same year he married Naomi. Within a year, he returned to MIT to obtain a master’s degree while Union Carbide held his job open; he did not believe himself equipped to handle the demands of the job without more education. Their first child was born in 1963 while he was studying at MIT. Once his master’s degree was completed, he finished his military commitment in the Signal Corps and was assigned to Fort Gordon, Georgia, and Fort Monmonth, New Jersey, where he served on the radio and electrical engineering faculty. Their second child, a son, was born during this time. He returned to Union Carbide in 1965 in the Chemical and Plastics Division. There, Alex spent his time doing “rough appraisals,” a new idea—evaluation process that linked engineering, research and development, and marketing; it was heavily layered in the bureaucracy for which Union Carbide is well known. Carefully constructed layers of bureaucracy within the company make every decision slow, safe, and often cumbersome. Shortly after returning to the company, Alex joined the agricultural chemicals business, known for its popular Sevin insecticide and Temik, a more toxic insecticide used only by professionals. For the next two years, he was involved in collaborative projects between the chemical engineering staff and research and development. Then he was asked to take a cross-training assignment for a year in production—the actual making of 10 different products at a plant in West Virginia.

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• Most of the products were for metal crafting, paints, automotive fluids, or chemical intermediates. • In 1967, he and Naomi purchased their first home, a split-entry home of 1,144 square feet, for which • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

they paid $25,575; their house payments are $179 per month. The next year, he moved into engineering with the hydrocarbon group, where gas concentrates were cracked into chemical products. The company also assigned him to a team investigating a multi-million plant explosion in Texas; working with experts in production, research and development, and engineering, the team reconstructed the accident. The six-month investigation required frequent trips to the company’s room-size IBM 360 computer; computer time was so precious, he was permitted only 20 to 30 minutes, often after midnight, to run his calculations. Once a computer run was completed and analyzed, a new set of computer cards was created so another set of calculations could be run—when time was available. The writing of software and running of calculations consumed half of the six-month investigation. He was then promoted and asked to move to New York, the corporate headquarters. There, at 31 years old, he served as a business analyst working for a business vice president. He, Naomi, and their three children lived in Norwalk, Connecticut, in a house near the commuter line. Each morning at 7:00 a.m., he rode the train to Manhattan, often not returning home until after 9 p.m. The workday sometimes included entertaining customers and party time after work—all considered part of the job. Union Carbide was in its heyday—a world leader in a variety of products and processes. After two years of long hours, frequent weekend projects, and close interaction with the leaders of the company, he was asked in 1973 to move to Geneva, Switzerland, and join the agricultural product marketing. It was a time of travel and adventure for his growing family. Two years later, he returned to Charleston, West Virginia, where his career had begun, to work in agricultural products, and then accepted a role as director of Engineering, establishing an engineering department in Jacksonville, Florida. When he and the family moved back to New York in 1979, he was head of engineering and operations at age 37, supervising half a dozen plants and dozens of engineers. In New York, he was named vice president over herbicide and plant growth regulators worldwide; it was an exciting time, but the company was changing, and when he was asked to return to Europe he jumped at the chance. He liked being with customers and having direct responsibility for day-to-day results.

Life in the Community: Geneva, Switzerland • They lived in a small community outside the city of Geneva, Switzerland. • This scenic, affluent city sits on Lake Geneva, the largest Alpine Lake. • The city was remarkably international; its non-Swiss population accounts for one third of its 165,000 residents

• Geneva was home to the European headquarters of the United Nations and the central offices of more than 200 international bodies from the Red Cross to the World Council of Churches.

• Natives are more likely to speak English as their second language, in addition to German, Italian, or French. • Geneva’s Old Town is an architectural gem of cathedrals and stately buildings, which attest to the city’s wealth in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. • Crescent-shaped Lake Geneva is 45 miles long and two to nine miles wide.

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• The city was known for its elegant cafés, lakeside promenades, and trees; there are at least three trees for every resident within the city limits.

• Characteristic of its opulence, two thirds of the 13,000 hotel beds in the city are in deluxe or first-class hotels.1

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1985: Carleen Cahill, Classical Music Singer Carleen Cahill’s classical music career began by “playing” a stringless violin, and progressed to successful New York City opera singer before transitioning into voice teacher/performer in a small upstate New York community.

Life at Home • Carleen Rose Cahill was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1951. • She was first exposed to music through her parents, who would play 78 rpm records of swing and big band music.

• Her family would often dance and sing along to the music of Benny Goodman and Glen Miller, and Carleen actually sang before she spoke.

• Carleen sang in the school chorus as early as she could remember, and had her first solo—the third verse of “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”—in the fourth grade.

• Carleen’s first instrument was the violin, which • • •

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she started playing in fifth grade, after seeing her school’s orchestra play The Nutcracker Suite. Carleen used a family violin that belonged to her grandmother, but it did not have any strings. She practiced finger positions and “played” on that stringless instrument for almost a year. When her teacher saw Carleen practicing finger positions on the edge of her desk, she encouraged Carleen’s mother to put strings on her violin. As she got older, Carleen became increasingly interested in the rock music of the 1960s—including the Beatles, Chuck Berry, and the Rolling Stones—becoming a lifelong Beatles fan. Carleen’s brother bought her a guitar for her sixteenth birthday, which she played in local bands, especially Joni Mitchell songs. Although she continued to play guitar and violin throughout high school, she discovered that singing brought her the most pleasure. Singing had always felt very natural to her, and she sang it all while growing up—pop, rock, church, classic and folk, but not opera. Classically trained singer Carleen Cahill thrived in New York City’s opera scene. In fact, she did not enjoy opera at all during high school.

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• After high school, Carleen worked in an insurance company as a secretary.

• She also sang in a folk trio after work, performing at coffeehouses and making very little money. • Her sister persuaded her to go to college to pursue a music career. • Carleen got her Bachelor’s of Music in Voice Performance at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, several hours west of Detroit—close enough to her family, but far enough to be on her own. • Studying music in college in the early Make-up was important in transforming performers into many operatic roles. 1970s was not terribly common. • There were fewer career resources, and students had to figure out—by themselves—the practical aspects of how to become professional musicians. • In college, Carleen discovered her love of opera and her ability to perform. • Her music department put on three full-scale opera performances per year—a lot for a school of its size—giving Carleen the opportunity to experience a variety of musical styles, and to discover how much she enjoyed working as part of a team with the other cast and crew members. • She found that she never got nervous when singing with other people in an opera production. • As a voice performance music major, she was also required to study four languages: Spanish, French, Italian and German. • During her college years, she sang with the Muskegon Symphony for $200, and with the Detroit Symphony for the experience. • Upon graduating college, her goal was clear—to train as a classical singer. • Carleen took the next step and got her Master’s of Music in Voice Performance from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. • In graduate school, Carleen performed six fullscale operas, which she added to her professional repertoire, as: the mother in E. Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel; Donna Elvira and Donna Anna in Mozart’s Don Giovanni; the widow in F. Lehar’s The Merry Widow; Rosalinda in J. Strauss’ Die Fledermaus; and Musetta in Puccini’s La Bohème. • Opera required much more than just singing; the best performers needed to act, be physically fit, have a good sense of timing, and the ability to work well with a cast and crew. • Carleen paid her way through graduate school by singing at local church ceremonies for $50 per event, and by her permanent position as the church In college, Carleen performed the leading role in Falstaff by Verdi. soloist.

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Life at Work • Armed with her Master’s of Music in Voice Performance, Carleen Cahill moved to New York City in 1975 to pursue a classical singing career —a necessary career move for a classical singer. • Upon arriving in New York, Carleen waitressed to support herself and her continued studies with a professional voice teacher—another necessary career decision that cost $50 per lesson. • Professional voice teachers in New York required students to audition before being accepted to study in their studios. • Carleen auditioned and was accepted into the Carleen with her sister, mother and brother after a graduate school studio of a teacher who was recommended by performance. her professors in graduate school. • The teacher was very strict, and would not let Carleen audition for anything for a year and a half. • Once Carleen began auditioning for parts, however, she had great success and began performing often in and around New York. • Her work at this time included three different roles with the Bronx Opera (Donna Anna in Mozart’s Don Giovanni, Susannah in Carlyle Floyd’s Susannah, and Violetta in Giuseppe Verdi’s La Traviata). • She also sang as the soprano soloist in Handel’s Judas Maccabeus in the New York City’s Choral Festival, and was engaged by Boris Goldovsky to sing for several of his numerous lectures at the Metropolitan Museum of Art lecture series on opera. • Three years after arriving in New York, Carleen took her career to the next level by engaging a professional management company. • The management company helped Carleen get high-level performing jobs, such as the soprano soloist in Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony at the Saratoga Arts Festival, Musetta in Puccini’s La Bohème with the Houston Grand Opera Festival, and Nedda in Ruggiero Leoncavallo’s I Pagliacci with the New York City Opera Touring Company. • Once professionally managed, Carleen was able to support herself exclusively with music, even though the management company typically took 15 percent of her paycheck for opera roles and 20 percent for oratorio and orchestral work. • Carleen often got jobs through the international opera circuit that regularly traveled to New York to hold auditions for shows in other cities. • The representatives of the opera companies in this circuit often cast performers based on very specific—and sometimes non-talent-related criteria. • For example, if a company had already found an especially tall woman to play the female lead, they would open auditions for the male lead to only tall men. • Carleen’s management company arranged for her to audition for suitable parts, one of her favorite being Violetta in Verdi’s La Traviata. Conductor Boris Goldovsky engaged Carleen to sing at his opera lecture series at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

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• Once she got a role, Carleen would travel to the city of the performance for one to two months of rehearsals and shows.

• This gave her an opportunity to travel around the world and • • • • • •

make many new friends and colleagues. The opera circuit was also a steady source of income, and compensation per show was $2,000-$8,000, depending on the size of the company. Carleen performed all over the country and abroad, including with opera companies in San Francisco, New Orleans, Austin, Phoenix, Seattle, Geneva, and Buenos Aires. Her favorite performance was as Mimi in Puccini’s La Playing Mimi in La Boheme, in Venezuela, was Bohème, performed in Maracaibo, Venezuela; the audience one of Carleen’s most memorable performances. sat in the aisles and sang along to all of the opera choruses. She also accepted roles with smaller opera companies, depite less pay; this was a way to try out new roles in a smaller and often more forgiving arena before performing them in a larger city. It was just such a role that led her to upstate New York, where she fell in love with the area’s natural beauty and relaxed pace. In 1980, she bought a house in Hillsdale, New York, and began splitting her time between city and country.

Life in the Community: Hillsdale, New York • While Carleen enjoyed living in New York City and traveling around the world to perform, this lifestyle prevented her from putting down roots.

• In 1980, The Columbia County Opera Company was founded by a wealthy opera lover from New York looking to recreate the country opera experience that was popular in his native England. • The small opera company offered an intimate performance environment, and produced a series of outdoor concerts set against the scenic backdrop of beautiful upstate New York. • While the year-round population of the area was small, the community’s proximity to the city made it a popular tourist destination, and the Columbia County Opera’s audience was accustomed to top-rate performances. • Despite its beautiful location and proximity to New York City, however, it was difficult for the opera company to attract top-rate performers, mostly because they couldn’t meet big city salaries, which could be as much as $2,000-$5,000 higher per show. • Despite less money, the Columbia County Opera Company was exactly what Carleen was looking for—more time in the country combined with her passion for music. • In 1981, she performed in their second season, and again in 1982, in Mozart’s L’oca del Cairo and La Finta Giardiniera. • In 1983, Carleen married Joseph, the Italian repairman who often came to fix her less-than-dependable country phone service, ending her city/country lifestyle. • In Hillsdale full-time, Carleen had fewer musical opportunities than in New York, but she enjoyed living in one place and being involved in the community. • She began teaching voice at the local music school. • She also became an adjunct music professor at a nearby college. • Some of her students were involved in school plays for which Carleen enjoyed helping them rehearse, and was often in the Carleen as Rosalinda in J. Strauss’ Die Fledermaus. front row on opening night.

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1986: Jake Szmanda, Timber Industry Worker and Animal Conservationist Jake Szmanda worked in the timber industry at a time when environmentalists, on behalf of the northern spotted owl, threatened to destroy his livelihood. He felt there was room enough for both people and animals in the woods.

Life at Home • Jake Szmanda grew up in the tiny town of Lakeview, located in the southeast corner of Oregon and nestled against the Willamette National Forest—the source of 86 million feet of board lumber a year.

• Jake’s father Larry worked in the timber industry, first for a major company and then as an • • • •

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independent contractor running his own crew. As a project manager, Larry supervised much of the on-site logging work, while Jake’s older sister, Mary, worked as an administrative assistant. The family shared a love for nature and respected the wood products that supported them financially. Jake’s grandfather even built their house from trees he had cut, boarded, dried and nailed. The cabin was given to Jake’s parents as a wedding present; Jake was always told that the house was part of his legacy and should never leave the family. Jake grew up in the woods and loved to track rabbits, identify snakes and recite excited tales about grizzly bears he spotted. He was taught that there was room enough for man and animals in the woods if they showed each other some respect. Early on, Jake learned that working with timber was demanding, requiring 11- to 12-hour days of hard physical labor. As a boy he was taught how to fell a tree to an exact spot using either an axe or a saw. Jake’s father was proud of his profession; wood from the Willamette forests was shipped across the entire United States and used for homes, businesses, furniture and many other things which were “vital to the American way of life,” Larry Jake Szmanda fought for the right to work in the timber industry. frequently said. But not everyone felt that way.

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• A new species of human beings who called •

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themselves environmentalists wanted a say in how the national forests were managed. Of particular concern were recent studies that determined that the old-growth trees that brought a premium price were also home to northern spotted owls, a rare, nocturnal species uniquely dependent on the Northwest’s virgin forests. The centuries-old trees were the primary nesting ground for the northern spotted owls, which were declining in population as the old-growth forests were harvested. Concentrated for the most part in 12 national forests on the western slope of the Cascades, these giant evergreen stands of spruce, hemlock and Douglas fir—some taller than a 30-story building— once covered an estimated 19 million acres. Scientists said that only 2.5 million to 3.5 million acres of oldgrowth timber remained and were disappearing at the rate of 67,000 acres a year. Jake’s grandfather built their house from trees he had cut, About 900,000 acres were permanently protected in boarded, dried and nailed. parks or wilderness areas. But the weapon that environmentalists wanted to wield against loggers was the Endangered Species Act, which protected birds and animals that were in danger of becoming scarce or extinct. Larry said that the definition of an environmentalist was a “city dweller with a new pair of hiking boots in his closet.” But he secretly knew his industry was in a death struggle over the future of the Northwest’s dwindling ancient forests, a mountainous, fog-shrouded realm that stretched from northern California to British Columbia. He also knew that the power enjoyed by the wood products industry was changing as Americans got their nature knowledge from the Discovery Channel and Disney. When Jake graduated high school in 1984, he planned to attend community college. Then, unexpectedly, his girlfriend Holly told him that she was pregnant. They married, Jake dropped out of college and joined his father in the Oregon forest, where work was steady and the pay excellent. • But tensions were already building between the logging industry and environmental groups. • Demonstrations and petitions against logging became more common. • Logging roads were blockaded and loggers threatened; some radical environmentalists began driving metal railroad spikes into the uncut trees to

Jake’s family shared a love for nature.

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make harvesting more dangerous and less profitable.

• Jake’s father called them all “tree huggers” and said they were a passing fad. • One day, Jake’s sister came to the work site extremely upset. • She said that there were news cameras and demonstrators outside her office: city people, every one of them.

• The next day it was all over the papers: the demonstrators wanted to stop logging in the Willamette. • The northern spotted owls were now more important than the livelihood of loggers.

Life at Work • Jake Szmanda and his family quickly learned that the northern spotted owl controversy would not go away.

• With another mouth to feed, Jake was haunted by the phantom owl as he tried to sleep. • He needed to work steadily, not when the government said it was okay. • Besides, everyone in logging agreed the compromise offered by the United States Forest Service was a giveaway to the eco-freaks who wouldn’t know a spotted owl from a mockingbird.

• The plan called for the protection of 314,000 to 690,000 acres of national forest and would cost the • • • • • • • •

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timber industry $28 million to $32 million a year. The agency considered a number of alternatives, ranging from no formal measures to protect the owl to a complete ban on timber production in existing owl habitats. Then, the Reagan Administration declared that America’s resources should be used, not hidden away; besides, new fast-growing trees could be planted in their place. It was great to have the president on your side, Larry said, but he was concerned about the future. After years of saying, “Don’t worry,” Larry had changed his tune to “We’re now the ones who are endangered.” Larry and Jake agreed that if the spotted owl gained federal protection under the Endangered Species Act, their livelihoods were doomed. After a lifetime of ignoring newspapers and magazines, Jake became a reader. And he was appalled to see loggers branded as wasteful despoilers of the land; clear cutting was an effective land management tool. The environmentalists clearly knew little about the economics or the dangers of harvesting the wood products Americans were eager to buy, but they knew everything about running their mouths and crying to Congress. Activists had petitioned Congress to declare the northern spotted owl an endangered species, which would forbid the logging industry to destroy any part of the forest that the owls might inhabit. The people in the logging industry were The Northern Spotted Owl enraged.

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• Small towns all over the Pacific Northwest, many of which were dependent on logging, were in turmoil.

• Jake was caught right in the middle of the crossfire. • Without logging he, his father, and his sister would be out of a job with no qualifications to do anything else.

• Larry’s solution was to cut as much timber as he could before the restrictions were put in place; Jake • • • • •

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and Holly decided to take on the environmentalists by using the media. Jake told Holly, “Our kids are a lot cuter than any spotted owl; someone has to say that timbering is about people’s lives.” “Besides,” Holly said, “it isn’t an all-or-nothing situation. We may not have as many spotted owls if we keep cutting, but they won’t disappear.” To get his first interview, Jake approached a TV reporter and told him he had something to say. The interview, which took place right in front of a bunch of signwaving city kids, lasted three full minutes. That night, Holly, Larry and Mary were thrilled to hear him say, “The environmental community would have you believe that the last of the old growth is on a logging truck heading for the mill, and that’s not the case. It’s time for some truth-telling and a lot less yelling.” And then the camera swung over to the demonstrators. For the second interview, Holly dressed the two boys in bib overalls and held them on her lap while Jake talked about his love of the woods, including the spotted owl, a bird he had only seen twice. After that, TV stations from San Francisco to Boston couldn’t wait to interview the cute family who thought there was room enough in the woods for both birds and people. But it quickly stopped being fun. Wood product executives—whose hands had never held a chainsaw—started telling him what to say, what to do and how to dress the kids. Eco-demonstrators hurled a stuffed owl at his oldest son and yelled “bird-killer” in his four-year-old’s face. And business was drying up. With the changing regulations and uncertainty, the little guy was getting squeezed out by the more sophisticated corporations with lobbyists in Washington. Owl or no owl, some days there was no wood to cut. Small mills were closing up and small towns suffering. So Jake started talking about hard times and unemployment checks during the TV interviews, and the requests to speak stopped coming. He just wasn’t cute anymore.

Life in the Community: Willamette National Forest, Oregon • Nowhere were competing pressures of environment versus economy more acute than in the 1.7-million-acre Willamette National Forest, which sprawled across Oregon’s western Cascades.

• Like many national forests in the Northwest, the Willamette remained largely undisturbed until the • • • •

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postwar building boom. About 500,000 acres of old growth remained in the Willamette, and 90,000 of that was permanently protected as designated wilderness. But many environmentalists felt that more of the old-growth forests should have been set aside to save the spotted owl. Scientists estimated that a single pair of the 15-inch-tall nocturnal birds required about 4,000 acres of old-growth forest to ensure an adequate food supply. Biologists said that the bird’s population, currently at about 3,000 pairs, was declining at the rate of 1 to 2 percent a year.

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• Meanwhile, forest managers in the Willamette were obligated to provide timber at the levels specified by Congress and thus found themselves at odds with their own biologists.

• Spotted owls and environmentalists notwithstanding, timber accounted for 85 percent of the • • • • • • •

Willamette’s management budget. Besides, the Reagan Administration was urging the Forest Service to accelerate the liquidation of the old trees in these virgin stands and replace them with faster-growing young stock. The approach reflected the goal of the Reagan Administration to greatly increase the production of timber, as well as oil, minerals and other commodities from the national forests. Under the plan, more economic activity could be generated from federal lands by turning over their resources to private industry as quickly as possible. The National Forest system had been created by the Forest Reserve Act of 1891. Based in part on the recommendations of Gifford Pinchot, the nation’s first chief forester, the law was intended to prevent the reckless pillaging of the nation’s forests. Reflecting Pinchot’s views, the forests were to first serve the purpose of watershed protection, and then to assure “a continuous supply of timber for the use and necessities of the United States.’’ The role of the forests was gradually broadened through such laws as the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of 1960 and the National Forest Management Act of 1976, which required the forests to serve a broad spectrum of purposes, including wildlife protection and recreation.

Willamette National Forest.

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1986: James Kenny Jarrett, Super Accurate Rifle Guru James Kenny Jarrett’s farm machinery know-how helped him build rifles with accuracy never seen before.

Life at Home • James Kenny Jarrett was obsessed with achieving the kind of pinpoint rifle accuracy most hunters never considered possible.

• Kenny’s precision standard revolved around the ability to fire three bullets through the same hole at • • • • • • •

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a distance of 300 yards. Or, at the very least, to consistently hit a penny from a distance of three football fields. He already personally held six world records for competitive shooting and his rifles had established nine more. But since his first love was hunting, Kenny’s real passion was for the development of super accurate hunting rifles and hand-loaded cartridges that delivered in the field. His inventive dedication to accuracy had already earned the bearded, tobacco-chewing “good ol’ boy” from rural South Carolina a local following of Southern hunters eager to take down a big buck at 400 yards. Now it was time to expand his market to include a national audience. Kenny grew up a soybean farmer on his uncle’s 10,000-acre Cowden Plantation, situated on a secondary road near Jackson, South Carolina. By the age of 12, he had a farm boy’s familiarity with machinery, matched by a natural ability to create and fabricate with his hands what his brain envisioned. His days were consumed by farming problems and deer hunting pleasures on the expansive property of Cowden Plantation, bordered by the Savannah River to the west and the government-controlled Savannah River Site to the south, where plutonium had been manufactured since the 1950s. But Kenny eventually grew frustrated that off-the-rack hunting rifles rarely delivered the accuracy he needed to James Kennedy Jarrett’s handcrafted precision rifles were a hunter’s dream.

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bag the shy bucks who warily stayed on the fringes of the soybean fields 400 yards away—and out of range. • He decided to do something about it: he bought a metal lathe and began building precision big-game rifles as a hobby. • Like most one-man operations, Kenny started out making rifles using customer-supplied actions which he retuned to fit with an outsourced barrel and stock. • His results were inconsistent. • The performance of the rifle, after all, depended on the quality of the components Jarrett was not satisfied with a “good enough for hunting” rifle. as much as the skill with which they’ve been put together. • It was a time of learning, listening, and absorbing the accuracy lessons of the hyper-competitive benchrest shooting crowd. • He came to hate the phrase “good enough,” as in “good enough for hunting,” as he formed a vision of inventing a precision rifle that exceeded expectations for accuracy. • Then, in 1979, after farming most of his life, Kenny turned to gunsmithing full-time. • For the next seven years, Kenny stayed busy building hunting rifles to his exacting specifications—often exceeding the expectations of his customers, who bragged about their Jarrett rifle at every hunt camp in the South. • His own field exploits added to the mystique after Kenny fired one memorable shot that took down a gemsbok in Africa at 557 yards. • At the same time, he continued pursuing another passion—collecting the artifacts left on the river banks of the Savannah River or in the fields by multiple generations of Native Americans. • The flowing waters of the Savannah River had attracted some of the earliest inhabitants to the region, most of whom left some evidence of their lives: from scrapers, to projectile points, to nutting rocks. • Nearly every year’s plowing exposed new “points” and even delicately carved gorgets, which were worn around the neck. • Each was appropriately preserved and mounted in glass cases that dominated an entire room in Kenny’s home. • Like most things in his life, there was an exacting artistry to the display. • In addition, to accommodate the needs of a growing family, Kenny built a swimming pool and fishing ponds, and purchased trampoline sets for the children. • A fourth-generation soybean farmer, Kenny was determined to keep his kids on the farm. A Jarrett rifle, although more expensive than most, was well worth the money.

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Life at Work • Kenny Jarrett realized early on there was a niche in the gun market for an accurate game rifle that was built the right way—even when experts predicted that hunters would not pay topdrawer prices for a hunting rifle. • Traditionally, the highest-priced rifles sported highly carved walnut stocks that added artistry and weight to the rifle, but not dependability. • Kenny abstained from using walnut stocks—in fact, any wood stocks at all—convinced that wood movement was a handicap to accuracy. • To attract the elite hunter willing to spend triple the ordinary price for a one-of-a-kind hunting experience, he needed to be the best. • To be the entrepreneur he envisioned, he also had to capture the title of inventor and find a mentor. • The most influential accuracy expert was Texas gunmaker and benchrest shooter Harold Broughton, who took the time to set Kenny on the right path to making accurate rifles. • But it was hundreds of hours in the shop and more than a few sleepless nights that gave Kenny the insights he needed to be a pioneer. • His first year building rifles he grossed $17,000—enough to encourage expansion. • By 1985, the sale of Jarrett rifles topped $300,000 and 13 people were working in his 2,200-square-foot shop built of cypress wood milled by Kenny using trees cut from his property. Crafting a Jarrett rifle took many hours • The basic price for a Jarrett rifle and each customer waited a long time to own one. was about $2,800; extensive options could hike the price up to as much as $4,500. • “If your rifle ain’t accurate, you might as well have a pocket full of firecrackers, ‘cause all you’ll have is a noisemaker,” he told the nation’s top sports writers when they journeyed to remote Jackson, 40 minutes from Aiken, South Carolina. • There he entertained the nation’s most widely read hunting experts with long-range shooting demonstrations, fried catfish dinners and lots of homespun wisdom. • “There’s no magic in what I do. It ties correctly education, trial and error, and beating my head against the wall until it’s right.” • He talked his Bubba talk, spat his chewing tobacco, and dazzled the writers with his long-range weapons, soon dubbed the “beanfield rifle”—an ultra-deadly rifle/cartridge combination for taking whitetail deer at long distances, typically 300 to 400 yards. • In appreciation, the nation’s most respected hunting and fishing magazines featured Kenny’s country-wise quotes, constant suspenders and expensive rifles on their pages. • He understood that the number of hunters willing to risk a marital fight to own a Jarrett was small and scattered, and he The specifications for a Jarrett rifle were so had to find that market by becoming a national name. exact that many supplier parts had to be refitted.

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• So he traveled to gun shows and national meetings where he talked, promoted and demonstrated.

• Eventually, the cult of accuracy and the personality of Kenny Jarrett were intertwined. • Sales increased, his delivery time on a custom gun stretched to one year, and competitors scrambled out of the woodwork—each claiming to be an accuracy guru. • “I never wanted to be rich; I just wanted to be the best,” he explained. • So he continued to listen, innovate and promote. • But building a Jarrett rifle was a very labor-intensive process, limiting the number of guns that could be made to his exacting standards. • He was encouraged to borrow more money and double the size of his shop, so the nine- to 12-month backlog of orders could be reduced. • He was encouraged to move to a city where he’d have more exposure to customers, and advised to make less expensive rifles, even if it meant compromising quality. Jarrett’s words of wisdom were almost as famous as his standards for accuracy. He listened, but took his own path. • • “When you get one of my rifles, the other rifles will gather dust ‘cause you won’t want to shoot them anymore.” • “It isn’t that you need a half minute rifle to shoot deer; you pay the extra because accurate is what a rifle should be, and you can’t abide a rifle that doesn’t measure up.” • Of the one million-plus rifles sold each year, less than 5,000 were custom-built. • “We are not everything to everybody and we don’t try to be” Kenny said. • But challenges remained. • He found that one-third of the barrels he bought from the best supplier in the business would not shoot to his standard of sub one minute. • These barrels were well built and achieved the benchrest standard of the day with a bore diameter with a consistency of three 10-thousands of an inch from the breech to the muzzle. • Kenny decided that to get better performance, a barrel must have a deviation of no more than one-tenth of a thousandth. • No one manufactured a barrel with that standard, so Kenny decided he would do it himself. • Most Jarrett rifles began with a Remington 700 action, but so much time was devoted to refitting; he was moving toward custom actions for all his rifles—a project that could take years. • For testing his new rifles, Kenny established a state-of-the-art 100-, 200- and even 600-yard firing range; that way he didn’t have to guess what his guns and cartridges would do at these distances—he knew. • And he tested every rifle before it was sent to a customer. • But most of all, the accuracy guru who loved to promote his inventions listened. • He asked questions, made adjustments and studied the Jarrett tested each rifle before it was sent to the customer. trends.

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• “You can’t get educated in a day,” Kenny said, “I learn something everyday.”

Life in the Community: Cowden Plantation, Jackson, South Carolina • Cowden Plantation in tiny Jackson, South Carolina snuggled up to the broad shoulders of the • • • • • • • •

Savannah River for more than a mile. For 4,000 years, hunters had roamed the fields, oxbows and cypress swamps. Ancient artifacts, left behind thousands of years ago, tell the tale of tribes of hunters who relied on this land for their survival. Antebellum days brought King Cotton to Cowden under the ownership of James Henry Hammond, a South Carolina governor whose home, Redcliffe, still proudly stands. The sprawling Savannah River Site near Cowden Plantation was constructed during the early 1950s to produce the basic materials used in the fabrication of nuclear weapons, primarily tritium and plutonium-239. These materials were used in support of our nation’s defense programs, a result of the Cold War. The communist Soviet Union had recently tested a nuclear weapon of its own, and America’s brief tenure as the lone holder of nuclear weapons in the world was at an end. In the immediate aftermath of the American bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, scientists worldwide were horrified by the power that had been unleashed. But the emergence of the Soviet Union as a nuclear power happened in the midst of scientific and political debate; retaliation, it was felt, was the only defense, and a remote corner of South Carolina was a necessary tool in that battle.

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1986: Maria Knapp, Scientist from California German-born Maria Knapp held the patents for more than a dozen scientific developments derived from a lifetime of molecular research, though the millions she earned interested her little. At 66, her focus remained her first and only love—science.

Life at Home • At 66, Maria Knapp displayed the Old World manners she learned growing up in Germany; unfailingly gracious, she enjoyed entertaining guests—as long as the topic was science.

• To stay in shape, she ran every day and continued to do push-ups and calisthenics in the privacy of • • •

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her bedroom, since she found public gymnasiums distracting, disorienting and frivolous. Although she bought a car—an Oldsmobile that is “all American”—she was often driven to work by an associate from the lab. Lab assistants also helped with her paperwork and chores such as changing the batteries in her hearing aid. Her first research paper—published when she was only a 14-year-old child living in Germany—described a series of fruit fly mutations that cast whisker-thin rays of light on the knowledge of embryo development. Her parents’ home was often populated with eminent scientists from around the world who came to Berlin, the epicenter of brain research in the 1930s. She even traveled with her parents to Moscow, where her father was invited to study Lenin’s brain, which had been preserved after his death. As a university and medical student in Germany, she often skipped classes to putter around the lab, making up the missed lectures by memorizing the textbooks. Her work continued throughout the Nazi era, even after her parents were thrown out of a leading institute in Berlin, where her father was director. His previous trips to communist Russia, along with the couple’s close association with many fellow scientists who were Jewish, made the As long as the topic was science, Maria Knapp was unfailingly family untrustworthy; thus, they were gracious. banished.

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• Thanks to the intervention of a prominent German •

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family who had been her father’s patients, Maria’s family was not imprisoned. Using money provided by their wealthy benefactors, her father established a private institute in the backwoods of Neustadt where their work could continue; there, they were able to offer refuge to many Jewish scientists and their families. During this time, Maria avoided every man, refusing to date; “I did not want to end up dating a Nazi, and in Germany at that time, you could never be sure of someone’s politics.” Devoting herself to science, she never married or had children; “Science was my milk,” she likes to say. Her older sister, a scientist studying the biochemistry of the brain, has also opted against marriage and children. Maria wishes to die as her father did—in the laboratory, his last glimpse of life being the view Maria had spent her life studying viruses and telomeres. through a microscope. She emigrated to Great Britain before the war broke out, becoming prominent in neuroscience, which has earned her election to the Royal Society of London. Repelled by her wartime experiences, she jumped at the opportunity to leave Germany in 1950 and come to the United States, even though it meant abandoning fruit fly genetics; “There was no interest in Drosophila research, so I had to take up something new,” she recalls. She then emigrated to the United States when she was 30 years old, going first to the California Institute of Technology, and afterwards accepting a job at the Salk Institute. There, she participated in groundbreaking studies of how the polio virus forms distinctive plaques in tissue culture—an essential discovery in the development of the polio vaccine. Her intensity for her work has often superseded her own safety; while studying the polio virus, she did much of the work while laboring alongside a pathogen that other biochemists would not touch. Her parents were very angry when they learned that she was working with the polio virus. When she emigrated to the U.S., the only possession she brought with her was a grand piano, which she still plays regularly, often on Sundays when fellow musician-scientists hold recitals. Otherwise, she left Germany behind; when young German scientists come to the lab to meet the famous researcher and chat with her in their native tongue, she replies, often sternly, in English. By contrast, when a visiting Sorbonne student recently met with her and spoke in French, Maria’s responses were also in French. She is known as a soft touch, often lending money from her own pocket to students in need.

Life at Work • She had spent a lifetime in her own personal toy store—a scientific laboratory. • Even at 66, she worked 10 hours a day, seven days a week; “If I were to stay at home, I’d be bored,” she says.

• Her credits included groundbreaking studies on the polio virus and how a type of mammalioma virus called the polyoma virus transforms ordinary cells into cancer cells.

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• This type of early research helped lift the study of

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cancer biology from simply cataloging the gross anatomy of a tumor cell to an exploration of the genetic mutations underlying the disease. Two of her colleagues were awarded the Nobel Prize for research, but she does not like or seek awards, saying, “When you get too famous, you stop being able to work.” Fellow scientists say she deserves more recognition. She has been awarded patents for 16 of her scientific breakthroughs, earning her millions of dollars, most of which are invested in a trust managed by Bank of America. Her Last Will and Testament states that her wealth is to be used to promote science. Although some of her fellow female scientists lobbied her to donate her money exclusively to the education of women scientists, she had not responded; money, grants, wills and recipients are Maria worked with Dr. Barbara McClintock, who won a not subjects she likes to think about or discuss. Nobel Prize in 1983. Her research through the years has ranged from oncogenes, the genes that when mutated result in cancer; immunology; and the behavior of telomeres—the distinctive chromosome tips that serve as molecular timepieces in healthy cells, but play a nefarious role in cancer when they fail to shorten as anticipated. She worked with some of the finest talent in the world, including Dr. Barbara McClintock, the corn geneticist who won a Nobel Prize for her research.

Life in the Community: San Diego, California • Maria loves her adopted city of San Diego; now the second-largest city in California, it is not only picturesque, but has learned how to manage its growth well.

• The seventh-largest city in the United States, San Diego boasts a wonderful climate and a wide range of recreational activities.

• Several years ago, Maria began charting the number of times an executive in the building across the • • • • • •

way—who often works the same long hours she does—slips out early in the afternoons for a spin in his sailboat; her chart shows he plays hooky 6.4 times a month. On a lark, a dozen years ago, she began collecting postcards of her beloved San Diego; today, she has hundreds. She especially enjoyed watching downtown transform itself from a seedy city center into a vibrant downtown, housing 120 shops, 30 eating establishments, seven movie screens and two performing arts theaters. The showcase is Horton Plaza, painted 49 different pastel colors, bordering the historic Gaslamp Quarter, which was undergoing renovation. Seven Amtrak connections ran from Los Angeles to San Diego daily, taking about two and a half hours, including a stop at Del Mar. When scientists came to visit, she always put them up at the Horton Grand, a 110-room restored Victorian hotel in the downtown section. On Sundays, she sometimes had brunch at the hotel and then rented a horse-drawn carriage for a gentle ride through the city.

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Maria loved collecting old postcards featuring her adopted city of San Diego.

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1987: Aaron Slayton, Brainy Kid Turned Tutor Aaron Slayton learned the facts of life for a smart kid in the third grade; he was always picked first for the spelling bee team and last for the kickball team.

Life at Home • Aaron Slayton was the bespectacled smart kid in the class who always did his homework, always did it right, and was willing to share.

• His parents were both college professors; his mother’s specialty was Jacobean plays, while his father • • • • • •

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was known nationally for his research into tenth-century fighting techniques. The elder Slayton’s research had explained the critical role that horse stirrups played in the changing face of battle; without the stabilizing power of the stirrup, the emergence of the lance would have been impossible. Aaron couldn’t care less about Ben Johnson or Thomas Kyd—did his mother really need to discuss her work at the dinner table?—he wanted to write novels whose protagonist was a mathematician capable of solving complex crimes using numbers. His friend Michael encouraged Aaron’s ambition, but secretly believed the concept to be both flawed and stupid. Michael’s dad was a motorcycle mechanic, which was way cooler than a college professor. Nevertheless, Aaron followed the logical steps to join the family business one day. His parents loved their jobs—except for the college politics—so all he had to do was avoid the internal battles so common in education and he would have a nice life. After several years of public school, Aaron was shipped off to Hotchkiss, an exclusive school in Lakeville, Connecticut, followed by four years at Dartmouth, a graduate degree from MIT, and then a doctorate from Berkeley. At 28, he found himself steeped in knowledge, prepared for the future, and totally burned out. After three months of hanging out in Kauai, Hawaii, Aaron returned to California to teach. Even as an adjunct professor teaching Aaron Slayton was the smart kid who always did his homework. four freshman-level math classes, he

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was under enormous pressure to publish, participate in college committees, and compete for a tenure track position. After four years in academia, he was looking for a change. So when a tutor’s slot came open at St. John’s College in Annapolis, Maryland, he couldn’t say “yes” fast enough. St. John’s College was a four-year liberal arts college with campuses in Annapolis and in Santa Fe, New Aaron traded his traditional teaching position for tutoring at St. John’s College. Mexico. Founded in 1696 as King William’s School, it received a collegiate charter in 1784, making it one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. Francis Scott Key, author of the “The Star Spangled Banner,” was valedictorian of the class of 1796. Since 1937, St. John’s had followed a distinctive curriculum, known as the Great Books School, based on a four-year discussion of works from the Western canon of philosophical, religious, historical, mathematical, scientific, and literary works. “The New Program” was developed at the University of Chicago by Stringfellow Barr, Scott Buchanan, Robert Hutchins, and Mortimer Adler in the mid-1930s as an alternative form of education. The college was in dire financial straits, and Barr and Buchanan were given nearly free license to develop a new model for the college. This took place amidst a milieu of reevaluation and debate regarding pedagogy in the United States. World events—including a recent world war, the rise of European fascism, and the fomenting domestic struggles for women’s rights and civil rights for black Americans—precipitated questions about the significance of Western traditions and assumptions. The inception of the St. John’s New Program drew not only attention for its seemingly radical reversion, but also considerable skepticism. Aaron knew that tutors, as faculty were called, were expected to lead discussions in a wide variety of topics. Small classes dominated, tests were few, and grades largely invisible. To Aaron’s way of thinking, a better environment for learning could not have been created.

Life at Work • Aaron Slayton was mesmerized by the simplistic beauty of St. John’s College in the center of historic Annapolis, located one block from the state capitol building.

• The 400-student institution known for its alternative teaching style was located right beside the strait-laced, tall yellow walls of the U.S. Naval Academy.

• The location of the two schools side by side on the Severn River could not have been a finer display of American diversity and attitudes, Aaron thought, and had inspired many a comparison to Athens and Sparta. • The schools operated on very different schedules, but did carry on a spirited rivalry, seen in the annual croquet match between the two schools on the front lawn of St. John’s. • Aaron was also pleased that—unlike most colleges—St. John’s provided a set curriculum for all four years.

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• In the campus bookstore, it was clear that

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St. John’s avoided modern textbooks, lectures, and examinations in favor of a series of manuals. Every freshman started life as a Johnnie, reading works such as Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle, and every tutor had to be ready every day to accept the challenges of the discussion. In a class of eight, in which everyone was expected to participate, there was little room to hide after a night of partying. In addition, the discussion format demanded Discussion was the heart of St. Johns’ programs. comments in full paragraphs, not simply a bubble mark on a multiple-choice test. Aaron especially liked the comprehensive face-to-face evaluation of every student at the end of the semester. It was a time to boost some and remove others. Students who failed to understand the proper decorum during discussions could be told not to return. St John’s was not for everyone. One of Aaron’s first classes focused on Plato and whether virtue was teachable, which logically moved to what constituted virtue. He also led a discussion of Ptolemy’s Almagest, a treatise on planetary movements and atomic theory. Every night, Aaron was deep into the lessons until 2 a.m. trying to stay ahead. In lab, he had to keep reminding himself that learning evolved from direct observation, and all knowledge was historically linear at St. John’s; students couldn’t speculate on how the circulatory system worked unless they could prove it themselves. Down the hall, another tutor with a Ph.D. in art history and a master’s degree in comparative literature stood at the chalkboard drawing parallelograms, constructing angles, and otherwise dismembering Euclid’s Proposition 32. Clearly, Aaron was not the only tutor who had traded the traditional three-course academic career—writing journal articles, attending conferences, and teaching a specific subject—for the intellectual buffet at St. John’s. While traditional (A-F) grades were given, the culture of the school de-emphasized their importance, and grades were based largely on class participation and papers, and released only at the request of the student. Compared to mainstream colleges, tutors played a non-directive role in the classroom. Conversation was at the heart of the St. John’s Program. Eva Brann, a St. John’s tutor, explained, “We are not writing but a speaking school. Conversation is the public complement to that original dialogue of the soul with itself that is called thinking.” By necessity, class size was small, with a student-to-tutor ratio of 8:1. The seminar was the largest class, with around 20 students led by two tutors. The rigid structure of New Program’s curriculum, based on its historical and cultural focus, was designed to foster open inquiry. Developing the educational policy for the college, Buchanan identified three factors, which were intended “to regulate teaching and learning in every part of the program”: 1. The community of the learning effort 2. The continuity of the learning process 3. The spontaneity of the learning itself

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• The tracing of Western thoughts and

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currents provided the students—and Aaron—with an understanding of historical content, which was vital to making an informed critique of social, political, and scientific movements of thought, past and present. St. John’s was not a school where students studied great books, but a community whose members examined life. The St. John’s Seminar curriculum was unchanging: Freshman year: Greek philosophy, poetry, and history Sophomores studied Dante, Chaucer and Shakespeare. Sophomore year: The Bible and theology, following some Roman poetry and history, and followed by Dante, Chaucer, and Shakespeare Junior and Senior year: Modern philosophy from Descartes to Kant, including modern political philosophy Seminars always began with a question pertaining to a particular text, and was intended to precipitate discussion, not to direct or confine it. Tutorials covered mathematics, language and music. Mathematics and language were studied in all four years at St. John’s. Language was the realm of the St. John’s contemplation of and deliberation on the trivium—the study of grammar, logic and rhetoric. Greek was the language focus of the freshman and sophomore years, and French that of the junior and senior years. Language study began with learning vocabulary and grammar, and progressing to translation. The mathematics tutorial was a component of the curriculum in all four years of the St. John’s Program, beginning with Euclid’s Elements, the definitions and propositions of ancient geometry.

Life in the Community: Annapolis, Maryland • Incorporated as a city in 1708, Annapolis, from the middle of the eighteenth century until the • • • • • • • • •

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Revolutionary War, was noted for its wealthy and cultivated society. Supported by the slave trade and water trades such as oyster packing, boatbuilding and sail making, Annapolis was known for its theater and sophistication. The city became the temporary capital of the United States after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and it was in Annapolis, on December 23, 1783, that General Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. During the Civil War, a prisoner-of-war Camp Parole was set up in Annapolis; wounded Union soldiers and Confederate prisoners were brought by sea to a major hospital there. In 1900, Annapolis had a population of 8,585. Anchoring the historic district, near St. John’s College, was Saint Anne’s Episcopal Church, erected late in the seventeenth century for the House of Delegates. Annapolis maintains many of it finest eighteenth-century houses. The names of several of the streets—King George’s, Prince George’s, Hanover, Duke of Gloucester, etc.—date from colonial days. The United States Naval Academy was founded there in 1845. During World War II, shipyards in Annapolis built a number of PT boats, and military vessels such as minesweepers and patrol boats were built there during the Korean and Vietnam wars.

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• The Maryland State House remains the oldest in continuous legislative use in the United States. • Construction started in 1772, and the Maryland legislature first met there in 1779; it remains the largest wooden dome built without nails in the country. • The Maryland State House held the workings of the U.S. Government from November 26, 1783, to August 13, 1784, and the Treaty of Paris was ratified there on January 14, 1784, making Annapolis the first peacetime capital of the U.S. • St. John’s College, a non-sectarian private college that was once supported by the state, was opened in 1789 as the successor of King William’s School, which was founded by an act of the Maryland legislature in 1696 and opened in 1701. • Its principal building, McDowell Hall, was originally to be the governor’s mansion, and although £4,000 was appropriated to build it in 1742, it was not completed until after the War of Independence.

Annapolis, Maryland.

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1987: Adam Quigley, Lawyer from New York Adam Quigley was a distinguished partner and co-founder of Quigley Ullberg Creswell, a New York-based law firm with 650 lawyers in 12 offices across the country.

Life at Home • The son and grandson of successful New York lawyers, Adam Quigley had spent two decades building one of the nation’s most successful and visible law firms.

• A graduate of Yale and Harvard Law School, Adam married Jennifer during his final year of law • • •

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school, and they immediately began having children; they now have four girls and two boys. One of their sons was in law school at Harvard, following in his father’s footsteps; their oldest daughter had also talked about entering law. The fabulous growth of Quigley Ullberg Creswell allowed Adam and his family the luxury of a Fifth Avenue home as well as a Vermont farm, where Jennifer raised thoroughbred horses. The 80-year-old country house, which contains 33 rooms, was situated on 96 acres of pasture and farmland, and features a wide veranda, now used as an outdoor living room, decorated with upholstered wicker furniture to keep the setting informal. To care for the house, the couple employed a gardener year-round who grows fields of fresh flowers that decorate every room when they visit from the city. Even though many aspects of the home have been updated and modernized, they had returned to the old-fashioned fixtures in the bathroom and kitchen. Jennifer visited often to exercise her horses and supervise the birth of new colts and fillies. Adam accepted that his wife controlled the decorating and furnishings in every room of the sprawling house except one—the traditional gunroom, which he used as a study. A masculine room paneled in walnut at Adam Quigley co-founded one of the nation’s most influential law firms. the turn of the century, it had become his

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Adam’s son loved to backpack, particularly in the Florida Everglades.

hideaway, where he could be messy, disorganized and childlike.

• Dozens of books were stacked up on the floor waiting to be read. • In one corner, he had the parts of a 1953 Cherokee motorcycle he wishes to restore, along with plans for building a dollhouse-sized haunted house—complete with rotating fireplaces and monsters that fly into rooms when electronically triggered. • It delighted him that his room included a secret passageway, obviously built during Prohibition, leading to the wine cellar; within the walls of this room, he can read, sip wine and lock out the world—on those rare occasions he is able to slip away from the law firm and into the country. • Their children showed a great love for nature and adventure; their youngest daughter spent much of her time rock climbing in the West, while their son loved to backpack on the Appalachian Trail and through the Florida Everglades.

Life at Work • Quigley Ullberg Creswell was created in 1968, with eight lawyers whose primary expertise was real-estate law.

• By 1982, the firm had either acquired or merged its way into offices in Los Angeles, Miami and Washington.

• Its clients included Occidental Petroleum Corporation and Giant Food, Inc.; today, these relationships have been expanded to include corporations such as Citicorp and Burlington Industries. • Recently, Citicorp gained worldwide headlines when it decided to write down more than $2 billion in Third-World debt.

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• The law firm relishes its involvement with such

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high-profile cases; its recruiting focus has always been on acquiring the biggest, richest and fastest-growing corporate clients. To help them gain the right kind of clients, they often paid intermediaries such as well-connected politicians and business “rainmakers,” including governors, senators and key congressional committee men. A decade ago, Adam became active in Republican politics, deciding early to back the presidential aspirations of California Governor Ronald Reagan and personally raising more than $1 million from his friends and clients to fund Reagan’s run for the presidency. The gamble paid off handsomely through increased business and unparalleled access to key figures in Washington, including several Cabinet members and education czar William Bennett, who became Adam’s personal friend and confidant. The firm was headed by a 29-person Adam’s law firm’s headquarters were in New York City. management committee, which was feuding over how the nationally based firm is being run. Many believed that the firm is too much of a one-man show, and were convinced that Adam should no longer be its comanager, even though it now generates more than $165 million in annual revenues. Partners were being asked to take sides concerning the future structure of the firm in a battle that has become so intense, some senior partners are no longer speaking to each other. One of the key issues was the lack of communication and relationships among all the offices; despite Adam’s best intentions, his sprawling, nationally based legal empire has few connections, resulting in many lawyers being loyal only to their own offices. They felt that New York has too much power and provides too little help; one office in a major Florida city issued standing orders not to accept or return telephone calls from any New York partner who “called up shouting.” Daryl Posner, the lawyer engineering the internal coup, is a New York litigator whom Adam helped recruit to the firm three years ago. Posner believed that too much time has been spent in honoring the “finders” of business, and too little in rewarding the “minders”; he wants to lead a law firm based on quality, not on high-profile cases that have the potential to blow up in the media at any moment. He also felt that Quigley has sacrificed the integrity of the firm with his deal-making and political connections, and prefers to work for a firm that is respected in New York—not in Washington; a showdown is expected early next year. Without question, the firm has been in the news recently because of its ever-expanding client list that includes the flamboyantly ultra rich, such as the Sultan of Brunei, one of the most affluent nations in the world thanks to its oil reserves. Recently, the firm had been involved in a spate of acquisitions by the Sultan’s brother, who has spent more than $1 billion on hotels in Paris, apartments in New York, racecars and dozens of airplanes.

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• As a reward for his work, Adam and his family recently visited Brunei, near Malaysia, where the • •

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people enjoy free education and amusement parks, as well as high employment in the oil and gas industry—without paying taxes. He and Jennifer were fascinated by the culture and its ability to create a utopian society through the wealth of the monarchy. The firm has also represented Cabbage Patch doll inventor Xavier Roberts, whose phenomenal success has allowed him to purchase a 30-bedroom mansion, decorated with three paintings by Picasso and complemented by a waterslide from a second-story window directly into an Olympic-sized swimming pool. Through the firm’s legal and lobbying efforts, page 219 of the 1986 Tax Reform Act includes an oblique reference to a “taxpayer incorporated on September 7, 1978, who is engaged in the business of manufacturing dolls and accessories,” in language that allowed Roberts and his company, The Original Appalachian Artworks, a tax break worth $6 million. In the same section of the Tax Act, the heirs of the late Samuel A. Horvitz, who control a fortune estimated at $400 million, received a special rule worth $1 million. Many at Quigley Ullberg Creswell were embarrassed when these personal tax breaks were widely discussed in newspaper and magazine articles across the country. Currently, several members of the firm are handling the sale of Burlington Industries, the nation’s number one textile producer. An investor group headed by Morgan Stanley Group Inc. has offered $2.74 billion as a counter offer made by an alliance of Asher B. Edelman, a New York investor, and Dominion Textile, Inc., Canada’s largest textile concern. The Morgan Stanley offer includes a group of top Burlington executives who have been fighting the Canadian takeover for months. Adam has made numerous trips to Greensboro, North Carolina, where Burlington is headquartered, to structure a deal. The Morgan Stanley deal calls for Bankers Trust Company to head a lending syndicate that would provide $2.1 billion of the cost, about $250 million of which would be in bridge loans or temporary financing; the remainder will be provided by Morgan Stanley. Adam’s firm will earn a fee exceeding $2.5 million for negotiating this deal and structuring the financing.

Life in the Community: New York City • The children of Margaret Strong de Larrain, heiress to the Rockefeller oil fortune, have gone to • • • • •

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court to overturn their mother’s will, which disinherits them in favor of her last husband, whom she married when she was 80 and he was 42; at stake is Exxon Corporation stock worth $76 million. Jerry Della Femina, chairman of the New York ad agency Della Femina, Travisan and Partners, resigned the Lifestyle condom account after his client was quoted in Time magazine as saying “AIDS is a condom marketer’s dream.” New York Governor Mario Cuomo announced that he would not make a run for the Democratic presidential nomination, setting off a scramble for a qualified candidate. “Butt buckets” have begun showing up throughout the city as thousands of firms move to prohibit employee smoking in buildings, sending thousands of smokers into the streets. The New York Times reported that workers in the city’s garment district were often under age, paid less than $3.35 a hour and required to work 11-hour days, six days a week. Interstate highway speeds increased from 55 miles per hour to 65, as New York and the nation bury their fears of another fuel crisis, although government officials continue to predict that the United States will start to run out of gas in as little as three decades.

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• Civilian complaints against Transit Authority police officers were up 33 percent over the previous • • • • •

year; the 50 officers against whom the most complaints are lodged will be asked to undergo sensitivity training. New York City changed the name of 122nd Street to Seminary Row because of the two giant institutions of religious learning located there—Union Theological Seminary on the west side of Broadway, and the Jewish Theological Seminary of America on the east side. The City of New York predicted that within five years, the spreading AIDS epidemic in the city will cost more than $1 billion a year in hospital expenses alone. New York City accounted for one third of the AIDS cases in the United States. Collectors of fishing rods and reels were being lured to an auction in Roscoe, NY, all for the benefit of the Catskill Fly Fishing Center, a nonprofit educational organization devoted to “preserving the heritage and protecting the future of fly fishing in the United States.” According to a report prepared by the Fund for Renewable Energy and the Environment, New York ranked among the top five states in establishing and enforcing programs to protect the environment.

The price of collectible artwork was rising rapidly at New York Auction galleries.

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Jennifer Quigley often visited the country house to exercise the horses and supervise the birth of new colts and fillies.

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1988: Ahmed Waltari, Cell Phone Magnate from Williamstown, New York, and Monaco When 54-year-old, Egyptian-born Ahmed Waltari realized that cellular telephones represented “the future,” he transformed his multimillion-dollar business to get a piece of the action.

Life at Home • The Waltari family lived in Williamstown, Massachusetts, near Williams College. • They moved there because Miki hated raising children in New York City, and loved the fact that the • •

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Williamstown community of 9,000 is dominated by Williams College, known for its art and historic collections. Ahmed maintained a 2,000-square-foot apartment a dozen blocks from his office in Manhattan. Often spending Monday through Thursday in New York or traveling, and Friday through Sunday in Williamstown, he enjoyed hard work, pressure and the freedom and privacy the separate homes provide. His New York apartment was decorated with expensive bird prints collected from around the world, including several important Audubon prints and the prized Mark Catsby originals he acquired in England years ago. His greatest obsession, however, was the avoidance of alcohol; the son of an alcoholic, he does not allow it to be served in his home or at office parties, but enjoys fine dining. His children were told that drinking was the one sin he will not tolerate. The family normally spent six weeks each summer in Monaco, where Miki, the daughter of a diamond merchant, vacationed in her youth. The most celebrated gaming tables in the world are in Monte Carlo, part of the 468-acre sovereign principality of Monaco, named after a Ligurian tribe called the Monoikos who occupied the land in the sixth century BC. The ruling Grimaldi family seized Monaco from the Genoese in 1297. In 1865, the reigning Prince Charles III Ahmed Waltari was at the forefront of the cellular inaugurated gambling on the island, giving the Egyptian-born revolution. aristocracy a reason to vacation there.

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named Monte Carlo, or Mount Charles, in the prince’s honor. Soon, with the arrival of the railway, the wealthy, noble, famous and infamous came to gamble. In 1878, architect Charles Garnier, who built the Paris Opera, constructed a new casino in his signature gilt-edged, belle époque style, complete with a formal tropical garden and terrace. Once near bankruptcy, Monaco became rich overnight, and despite the vagaries of history, wars and fashion, it has continued to be the place where the rich have gathered for more than 120 years. As predictable as birds flying south, the international moneyed and titled set descends upon the island. There they find the Salle Garnier theater, home of the renowned Opéra de Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra and one of Europe’s most outstanding ballet The Waltari family moved to Williamstown, Massachusetts to escape New York City. companies. Miki believed that the Princess Grace Classical Dance Academy produces the finest dancers in the world. In the opulent casino, Ahmed enjoyed European games such as roulette, trente-et-quarante, baccarat and chemin de fer; his 22-year-old son migrates toward American games such as craps, blackjack and one-armed bandits. To keep gambling in perspective, Ahmed insists that losses be limited to $10,000 per trip, and so avoids the private gambling tables where millions can change hands in an evening. The teenage girls preferred trips to Monaco for the warm waters of the Mediterranean, with its 300 days of sunshine a year and the chance to lie by the pool and watch some of the world’s most eligible-and richest-men walk by. The family also loved to plan trips around the automobile rally and Grand Prix each year, where speed, beauty and power are all combined. They also loved the safety of Monaco, which is a highly monitored state with a vigilant police force. When in Monaco, the Waltari family liked to stay at the S.B.M. Hôtel de Paris, which was built around the same time as the casino to support the incoming tourists; with its ideal location, it has long been the place to stay. Their favorite rooms overlook the sea and are situated across from the casino and the Café de Paris, the central meeting place since 1968 for everyone who has been anyone. In addition, the hotel’s majestic foyer provides a splendid backdrop for dramatic entrances and exits; the bar serves as an essential point of rendezvous.

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Life at Work • Twenty-eight years ago, Ahmed founded his first U.S. company, Waltari Imports, to import Japanese • • • • • • • • • • •

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goods to the United States. Thanks to his connections in Egypt and Monaco, he was able to pull together a wide range of deals using only a small portion of his own capital. The inheritance he received from his father exceeded seven figures, but he was determined to use the money only as leverage whenever possible and not expose his own capital to the vagaries of business. For five years he imported a wide variety of goods from baseball gloves and fishing reels to porcelain dinnerware. In 1965, he opened a carton and, finding a car radio, had a revelation-this was the future! Within months, he phased out the other merchandise, changed the name of his company to Waltari Enterprises and began selling Japanese car radios, and afterwards stereo radios and tape decks, to new car dealers. He carved out a market by selling car radios for 30 percent less than Detroit was charging the Ford and General Motors dealers. By 1983, his company-still private and owned only by members of his family-achieved sales of more than $100 million; today, it has gone public and is three times larger. Unfortunately, while the company was growing, revenues were shrinking because of the huge inventory commitments required by rapid growth. In 1984, following his instincts as he had during his entire career, he jumped onto the cellular telephone bandwagon with a vengeance. To get a major piece of the action, he set up an exclusive U.S. distribution deal with Toshiba, one of Japan’s leading mobile phone manufacturers, whose early phones proved to be exceptionally popular and dependable. Then in a stroke of luck in 1985, Waltari Enterprises was able to grab a dominant market share when Panasonic and others were hit with huge, government-imposed antidumping penalties on their phones. His company sold 15 to 20 percent of all cellular phones nationwide; of its $277 million in sales, half came from cellular phones-where the margins were thin. Whereas car stereos sold at wholesale for as little as $55 and earned the company gross margins of 30 percent, the cellular phones sold for $1,200 at wholesale had had margins of less than 20 percent; thus, the phones exhausted more capital while producing smaller gross profits. To finance the telephone inventory, Ahmed allowed public ownership of his company, raising $33 million on the sale of 2.2 million shares of its nine million shares of stock, and fueling Waltari Enterprises to expand. Unfortunately, earlier this year Toshiba came under scrutiny by Congress for selling military gear to the Russians.

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• Fearing that the U.S. Government would restrict the import of Toshiba phones, Ahmed dramatically • • • • • • •

increased his order by more than 30 percent over sales projections, but the feared cutoff never occurred; wholesale prices of cellular phones are now plunging and his warehouse is overstocked. Thus, the company was faced with the prospect that it would see a 45-percent increase in the sales of cellular phones, but a 25-percent decline in profits until the inventory glut is dissolved. Despite the prospect that Waltari Enterprises’ stock price could be cut by half, Ahmed remained optimistic; telecommunications consultants were estimating that the number of cellular subscribers would increase from 1.1 million to 1.6 million in a year. Ahmed believed that with falling prices, he will double the 127,000 phone sales he made last year. His biggest concern was whether competition will crowd him out in the future. As the cellular phone increasingly becomes regarded as a consumer electronic product rather than a specialty product, retailers such as New York’s 47th Street Photo or Crazy Eddie could jump into the game, driving down profit margins and cutting sales. Some days, he thought that slowing down might be all right; using his earnings through the years, he acquired a controlling interest in seven major income-producing office buildings, financed in part with interest-free loans from the company. Last year alone, he earned more than $1 million in rent; in addition, his 83-year-old mother earned more than $700,000 on investments that he arranged.

Life in the Community: Williamstown; New York; and Monaco • Williamstown, Massachusetts, was a small, pretty town of 9,000 people, 2,000 of whom were students. • Because Ahmed’s professional life was centered in New York, Williamstown was the wrong place to live, but Miki, a lover of art and museums, insists; both New York and Boston are only three hours away.

• The town, originally called West Hoosuc, was reborn as Williamstown in the late eighteenth century • • • • •

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in accordance with the terms of the will of Ephraim Williams, who promised to endow a secondary school if the town agreed to perpetuate his name. In 1793, the school, in the shadow of three mountains, became Williams College, which has since become a magnet for art and historical artifacts. In 1938, the college museum was given the collection of American muralist Edwin Howland Blashfeld. This was followed by the Cluett collection of Spanish pre-Goya paintings, plus a substantial part of the Bloedel collection of twentiethcentury American art. Then came the Robert Sterling Clark collection. Clark, one of four grandsons of Edward Clark, the business partner of sewing machine developer Isaac Singer, had no connection to Williams College; nevertheless, in the 1950s, he gave the school a building to house his collection of silver and paintings by notables such as Botticelli, Degas, Manet, Monet, Renoir and Pissaro. Then in 1983, an expanded museum opened with shows featuring Indian art, work by Edvard Munch, and displays of Greek art, Roman terra cotta and Renaissance woodwork. A few years ago, Williams College bought for $412,500 a recently discovered copy of the Declaration of Independence that had belonged to one of its signers, Joseph Hewes of North Carolina. The purchase rounded out Williams’ remarkable collection of essential documents of the American Revolution: its copy of the Articles of Confederation of 1777, two early versions of the Bill of Rights and one of the 14 surviving copies of the Committee of Style draft of the Constitution, containing on the reverse the handwritten objections of Virginia constitutionalist George Mason. In addition, the school’s Chapin Library of rare books contains James Madison’s copy of Paine’s Common Sense, General Greene’s written order for boats for the crossing of the Delaware, General Knox’s letter thanking Martha Washington for a gift of two hair nets, and the ledger used by the executors of George Washington’s will.

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Williams College had long been a magnet for fine art and historical artifacts.

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1989: Bill Reindollar, Created Cash Register Repair Service A heart attack at 34-years-old transformed Bill Reindollar, creator of Cash Register Service, from a caring cop to a moneywise entrepreneur.

Life at Home • Born in 1939 in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, near Altoona, the middle child of Paul and Isabel

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Reindollar, Bill was born into world that was economically struggling and politically divided over concerns on how to handle the burgeoning militaristic nation of Germany and its leader, Adolph Hitler. Early on, Bill developed a curiosity for how things worked, and at age six took apart his elder sister’s talking doll so he could see how it worked, removing the record cylinders in the doll’s torso from which emanated songs and nursery rhymes. When he attempted to put the doll back together, he was left with extra parts and a doll that no longer worked. Over time, as his skills at taking apart and putting them back together again improved, family members came to believe that his interest in tools came from his paternal grandfather, a worker on the Pennsylvania Railroad, whose hobby was woodworking. Bill was very close to his grandparents, Mervin and Agnes, and cherished the time spent building furniture in his grandfather’s woodshop. Bill also worked a paper route to help the family during some lean financial years. Kind and trusting, he sometimes went home without money because his customers couldn’t pay him on time. This angered his father, who once threw a hot iron at him when he learned that Bill didn’t collect from a customer who had fallen on hard times. Bill preferred to stay with his grandparents, where his grandfather would go into his woodshop after work, smoke his pipe, and work on a project to relax—habits that Bill Bill Reindollar turned a life-threatening event into an opportunity to create Cash Register Service. would use later in his own life.

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• When Bill was 14, his grandfather died. • He moved in with his grandmother to become the • • • • • •

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man of the house. At the same time, Bill worked at the local hardware store, saving his money to buy a Schwinn bicycle that came with one year of free theft protection. Schwinn was quickly becoming the favorite bike of Americans, selling 500,000 a year; one out of every four bicycles in the U.S. was a Schwinn. After graduating from high school in 1957, Bill got a job at National Cash Register (NCR). He had little choice in the matter. His father, once a janitor at NCR, had seen how well the company cared for its service technicians and wanted his son to have that opportunity. So, after church one Sunday, his parents drove him Reindollar reluctantly followed in his father’s footsteps, taking to the NCR headquarters in Dayton, Ohio, and a position at National Cash Register (NCR). dropped him off outside to wait—in his wool suit in the humid summer weather—for the office to open on Monday morning. Shy by nature, Bill was encouraged by NCR to take a 14-week correspondence course offered by Dale Carnegie, called “How to Win Friends and Influence People.” The book, first published in 1937, was one of the first bestselling self-help books on the market, selling millions of copies. However, despite his talent and the excellent company, NCR was not his dream job, but his father’s, though, out of loyalty, Bill worked more than a decade for the company.

Life at Work • At age 29, Bill Reindollar decided to leave NCR to pursue his dream job and become a state trooper. • Just coming in under the age limit, Bill trained at the police academy in Hershey, Pennsylvania, • •

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where he learned to swim, enhance his observation skills and improve his problem solving. The only downside was working in the stables, something every cadet was required to master since the police still relied on horses for patrolling and exhibitions. Upon graduation, he was sent “to serve and to protect” in the western part of the state, where he focused on helping people, often giving breaks to youths he believed had simply fallen in with the wrong crowd or had a rough home life. He spent time talking with the kids and even fed them, learning sometimes that it was their first meal in days. The other officers called him “the Social Worker.” Life was not only changing professionally, but personally after he met and began dating Sharon Nulph at her parent’s family restaurant. Having lived a sheltered life, Sharon thought that when Bill suggested eating at McDonald’s, he was referring to the home of one of his friends.

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Young Reindollar had always wanted to help people and be a state trooper.

• Even though the Big Mac was founded by Pittsburgh McDonald’s owner/operator Jim Delligatti one year earlier in 1967, the small towns were devoid of franchises.

• On their first date, they saw Midnight Cowboy, the first X-rated motion picture to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.

• They were married within a year and had four children in seven years. • Bill became a detective and handled homicide cases and a kidnapping. • Going to the family of a young woman who had drowned was the most difficult thing he had ever had to do.

• Though grieved by the news, the family was grateful for his compassion during this horrific period in their lives, and added him to their Christmas card list.

• The siblings of the girl bought him a children’s book called Sam Sunday and the Strange Disappearance • • • •

of Chester Cats that told of a compassionate detective aggressively on the case, and gave it to Bill as a “thank you” gift, addressing him as Sam Sunday. The odors of a homicide and difficult moments led him to take up smoking at age 34, initially to help him through dealing with crime scenes; it would later became a crutch for stressful moments. Only air traffic controllers and dentists were believed to have more stressful occupations than law enforcement officials, who were also renowned for not seeking help with their stress. Officers who committed suicide rarely had a record of discussing the problems they dealt with: continual danger, a difficult boss and public, and shift work that disrupted family life. In 1982, Bill began having chest pains and insisted on being admitted to the hospital, where he collapsed in the hall and had to be shocked back to life.

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• Having had a heart attack meant he had to retire from police work; for a time his senses and memory were affected.

• Afterwards, Bill coached his son’s little league baseball team as he recuperated and relied on his woodworking and electrical skills for several years to help out the family financially. • The national unemployment rate was more than 10 percent, and the economically depressed small town didn’t offer many opportunities. • Uncertain of what to do, Bill recalled his NCR training. • In the 18 years he had been away from that line of work, business machines had become more technological; however, he decided to take a risk repairing old machines. • In 1985, he filled up the gas tank in the car and drove to Butler, the closest city, where he cold-called on businesses that owned old wood and iron NCR cash registers no one was willing to service. The stress of being a police officer took its toll on Reindollar’s health. • NCR was encouraging the use of smaller, easier to use electronic cash registers, and no longer trained service techs to repair aging machines. • Bill did several repairs and made $350 that first day. • With the windfall, Bill and Sharon bought a Zenith VCR, and though cable TV was not an option in the rural areas, they passed on a satellite dish, which would cost $1,995 to receive 100 channels. • Since the turn of the twentieth century, NCR had been the dominant company for business machines. • Founded in 1879 as National Manufacturing Company in Dayton, Ohio, to sell the cash register invented by James Ritty, the firm was renamed in 1894. • A training school was established in 1893, along with a social welfare program for the employees. • By 1911, the company had sold one million machines and had 6,000 employees. • NCR controlled 95 percent of the market. • In 1922, the company went public and issued $55 million in stock; at the time it was the largest public company ever in the United States. • Since the company treated its employees so well, they were loyal, refusing to do business with restaurants or stores that used a competitor’s cash register. • Another established, but smaller company, also known by its initials, claimed it would compete with NCR; Bill and his coworkers at NCR quipped that the company’s initials stood for, Itty Bitty Machines. • Bill’s repair business blossomed as he worked a wider and wider territory comprising, almost exclusively, small towns. • One day, Bill picked up a register to take back to the office for repair work. • He drove two hours to pick up the machine and two hours to the office, only to discover that the client had left money in the cash drawer of the machine. • He elected to drive two hours back to give them their money and then back to the office, spending an entire workday essentially traveling for one Reindollar bought a VCR with the money he made repairing old cash registers. machine.

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• After that, Bill always checked for himself to make sure the money had been removed before taking a cash register. • After getting his feet wet in the field again, he decided to accept a job with an established company; after working for the company for a month, without pay, he and the other employees realized they needed to go elsewhere. • The experience helped Bill find suppliers and additional clientele who needed a new service company when the dysfunctional company folded. • As an entrepreneur, Bill maintained a repair shop in the basement of his family’s home. • Monday through Friday, he would fill up his large thermos of coffee and drive 45 minutes to and from Butler, where This home office and workshop was soon a thriving he had his business office. and profitable business. He called the company Cash Register Service. • • Like many children of the Depression, Bill distrusted banks and the stock market, and was uncomfortable borrowing money. • He always believed the money could disappear, so rather than seek loans for his business needs, he saved up the money for purchases. • He built an office in the basement of the house and purchased an Apple II home computer for $795.00 (he still couldn’t bring himself to buy an IBM), a non-rotary telephone that remembered three phone numbers and had a speaker, and a separate answering machine. • The 5 1/4-inch floppy disks that the computer required sold for $9.95 a box. • Bill also discovered there was money to be made in antique machines, which he refurbished and sold to stores and collectors. • He enjoyed being out in the field and working with the machines, but soon grew weary of sitting in the office returning phone calls and handling the paperwork. • The company grew and its value eventually became $50,000. • In need of money to support a family of six and wanting to have fewer office details to deal with, Bill decided to sell the company. • There were not many takers in the small town who could pay that sum, so he offered the company for $30,000, with the condition that he be employed as a service tech, relieving him of office work. • The company was purchased by a local restaurant owner looking for a business investment, who had relied extensively on get-rich-quick books and was determined to apply those techniques to a small company. • The new owner placed no emphasis on employee happiness, but considerable focus on fast and high profits. • Bill believed that if you did your job right and took care of the customer, the money would come; the new owner’s approach, plus increased prices, caused many Reindollar did not want to be tied to a desk or the paperwork. customers to look elsewhere for service.

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• As stress built up for Bill, a patch of hair fell out of the back of his head from what he considered execrable business practices.

• Part of each week was consumed with meetings, where Bill would get bored and angry at the direction the company was taking. • Bill didn’t believe in the big-business approach to his once home-based business operation, and made his feelings known; he thought the business had become unnecessarily complicated. • The owner did not like Bill’s questioning him and fired him, adding him to the 5.3 percent unemployed in the U.S. • The patch of hair grew back shortly thereafter.

Life in the Community: Butler, Pennsylvania • Butler, Pennsylvania, where Bill Reindollar established his business, was named after American • • • • • • •

Revolutionary War General Richard Butler in 1800. The 2.7-square-mile city of 15,000 was 35 miles north of Pittsburgh and was known for its trolley cars. The Army’s Jeep prototype was produced in Butler by American Bantam Car Company, and was called the BRC (Bantam Reconnaissance Car) 40. The company’s 1938 model was the inspiration for Donald Duck’s car. Butler was also known for Moraine State Park, named for its moraine glaciers, which attracted over a million visitors each year. The park covered 16,725 acres; hunting, a popular pastime in the area, was allowed on 13,000 acres. The North Country Trail, which goes from Lake Champlain in New York to Lake Sakakawea in North Dakota, passes through Moraine State Park. The famous low-budget black-and-white horror movie Night of the Living Dead was filmed in Butler County; made for $114,000, the film grossed $30 million internationally.

Butler, Pennsylvania was where the Army’s Jeep prototype was produced.

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1989: Carlos Piccolo, Cross-Country Runner Carlos Piccolo, built to be a runner, began running at a very early age, trained hard, and carefully kept track of his progress.

Life at Home • For Carlos Piccolo there was no high like a runner’s high. • He was first swept away by the runner’s sensation at an early age, before he was 12, but did not remember the exact moment.

• Starting when he was 13, Carlos began keeping a runner’s journal, logging his times, distances and feelings (“legs sore, hot day, ran 4.5 miles”).

• His older brother possessed a massive, powerful chest and legs like tree trunks; even as a small boy everyone expected him to be a football player.

• Carlos, on the other hand, was shaped like a second-grader’s hand-drawn crayon stick figure. • With long pipe cleaner legs attached to a frame

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that would never conquer 150 pounds, Carlos was a genetic aberration in an aggressive family that once destroyed the living room sofa when it was used as a football blocking dummy. Carlos’s grandparents brought the family to America when they left Mexico in 1929 seeking better opportunities for their growing family; they settled in Albuquerque, New Mexico, two years later. His grandfather tended horses, managed ranch maintenance and dreamed that his children would one day graduate from high school. Carlos’s father filled that expectation, and while still in his twenties opened his own store that sold fresh fruits and vegetables, quality meats and many, many tobacco products. Even the white people of Albuquerque, some of whom spoke very little Spanish, would drive across town to shop for his special hand-rolled cigars and top-grade chewing tobacco. The Piccolo family also loved to talk loudly, long and often; shouting over each other was acceptable, even expected, by everyone. Carlos Piccolo loved to run. Everyone, that is, except Carlos.

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• He learned early that he could best do his talking with his feet, especially after his football linebacker brother lost a bet and had to train with Carlos for a week.

• His brother said simply, “I’ll never bet against you again.” • Training for a cross country meet was not Carlos’s biggest problem, though; relaxing was. • In the final five minutes before a high school race, Carlos’s brain was bombarded by his past • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

mistakes-poor pacing, moves made too late, running out of energy, missing a turn or failing to anticipate the late strength of a competitor. Besides, cross country meets were unpredictable since they were staged on an open course over rough terrain. The high school 5km courses often combined routes that incorporated grass, mud, asphalt, rocks, steep inclines, woodlands, and even water. On race days, Carlos normally rose at 5:30 a.m. to be prepared-but Carlos was always prepared. He only stopped ironing his underwear because his brother teased him so unmercifully. He planned what and when he would eat, the level and pace of his water intake and his sleep patterns. He knew from experience that when the pain struck, he would “man up” and run through the agony; he always wanted to be ready. The question was whether he could run through his own anxiety and stay focused on winning, not on failing. He had become successful enough that his parents actually came to see him run in cross country meets, proud that he once ran the mile in under 4:20 and could consistently maintain 5:35 per mile splits on the 3.2-mile courses. They also realized that running could be Carlos’s ticket to college, if the college recruiters were to be believed. Carlos only went on one college recruiting trip. At an altitude of 7,700 feet, Western State College’s campus among the Colorado Rocky Mountains in Gunnison, Colorado, was so beautiful and inspiring, it sold itself. Carlos knew immediately that this was the perfect place to test his limits within the rugged alpine playground. The beauty of the place reminded him of the runner’s adage, “If you’re not enjoying the journey, you probably won’t enjoy the destination,” and agreed to attend the 2,000-person campus. His first year was good, his second year better. As a junior, Carlos was expected to challenge the best that Colorado, Stanford, and the University of Arkansas had to offer and then win his division.

Life at Work • At Western State College Carlos Piccolo’s teammates hailed from seven different states and all had • • • •

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been proclaimed as cross-country heroes in high school, assuming local newspapers even knew the sport existed. Cross country was difficult for most reporters to explain, especially when the runners disappeared into the woods near the starting line and often did not re-emerge until they neared the finish line. Besides, who in their good senses would voluntarily run 95 miles a week to earn the right to run some more. At least in baseball, exhausting fitness work made the players eligible to hit a baseball or in football to hit each other. But long-distance running was the niche Carlos had claimed for himself and now he wanted to prove himself at a collegiate level at Western State College.

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• During the previous summer, Carlos had trained extensively in high-altitude conditions until he could comfortably run a five-mile aerobic threshold in less than 26 minutes; in addition, he ran 100 miles weekly. • At the college level, meet distances were usually 8 km (5 miles) for men and for women, 6 km at regional and national competitions. • Carlos’s very first qualifying meet was staged at the University of Colorado and attracted some 250 runners from 16 colleges. • The University of Colorado had signed a contract with Nike, permitting each runner to receive Terra Humma training shoes, crosscountry racing flats, track flats, shorts, long sleeve and short sleeve T-shirts, sweatpants, sweatshirts, wristbands and headbands. • Schools the size of Western State rarely received that level of endorsement support and resented the slight; Carlos saw the Nike logo as a personal snub directed against him and his team. • Cross-country was an intensely individualistic sport whose scoring was entirely dependent on team results. • Points were awarded to the individual runners, equal to the position in which each crossed the finish line (first place got one point, second place got two points, etc.). • Only the first five runners in for a team were counted toward that team’s score; the points for these runners were summed, and the teams were ranked based on the total, with lowest being best. • The lowest possible score in a five-to-score match was 15 (1+2+3+4+5), achieved by a team’s runners finishing in each of the top five positions. • In the first invitational meet of Carlos’s junior year, his goal was to improve on his personal best time and finish in the top five. • A hamstring injury was too fresh to take extraordinary risks on the first meet. • But once the gun sounded and his competitive juices began to cascade, Carlos decided it was crucial that he win the race against the big schools and make a statement. • His coach tried to slow him down, but Carlos would not listen. • After three miles he was third; on the steep hill on mile four he took second, and after his finishing kick for the final 800 yards he was first. • Winning was why he ran nearly 20 miles a day in all kinds of weather. • When the race ended he was first, proud and re-injured. • The pain was nauseatingly intense. • He couldn’t walk, he couldn’t think, and he had another meet in three weeks. • The coach called for rest; Carlos was convinced he could run through the pain and make a statement to Division II champion South Dakota State. • For 20 days he stretched carefully, underwent massage therapy daily on his leg and ran through the pain. • A routine day of jogging always seemed to end in a full bore run. Runners often ran in packs.

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• On the day of the race, Carlos was unable to get out of bed; his thigh was swollen dramatically, the pain terrific.

• At a distance he could hear the other teams arriving, but he was still unable to stir from his bed.

Life in the Community: Albuquerque, New Mexico • Albuquerque, New Mexico, which embraced roughly half of the population of the state, bordered on its eastern side by the Sandia Mountains and divided by the Rio Grande, which flows through the city, north to south. • Albuquerque’s enticing charm was born from its deep roots, starting with the Native Americans who lived there for thousands of years before the city’s official founding by the Spanish. • The Rio Grande Valley had been populated and cultivated since as far back as 2000 B.C. Albuquerque is situated on the Rio Grande. • The Pueblo people who lived in the area when Europeans arrived had a sophisticated culture and advanced skills in stone masonry, ceramics and a wide range of arts and crafts. • The first Spanish explorers arrived in Albuquerque in approximately 1540 under General Francisco de Coronado. • In 1706, a group of colonists were granted permission by King Philip of Spain to establish a new city and chose a spot at the foot of the mountains where the Rio Grande River made a wide curve, provided good irrigation for crops and a source of wood from the cottonwoods, willows and olive trees. • The early Spanish settlers erected a small adobe chapel where today’s San Felipe de Neri Church still stands in Albuquerque’s Old Town. • Its plaza was surrounded by adobe homes clustered close together for protection. • Albuquerque’s dry climate brought many tuberculosis patients to the city in search of a cure during the early 1900s, and several sanitaria sprang up on the West Mesa to serve them. • The establishment of Kirtland Air Force Base in 1939, Sandia Base in the early 1940s, and Sandia National Laboratories in 1949, made Albuquerque a key player of the Atomic Age. • The city continued to expand outward onto the West Mesa, reaching a population of 384,736 in 1989. Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque was established in 1949.

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1989: Sergeant Luella Sprague, Invasion of Panama Staff Sergeant Luella Sprague was part of a Military Police Battalion sent to invade Panama, where the presence of women in combat captured headlines across the nation.

Life at Home • Luella Sprague enlisted in the army right out of high school in order to help pay for college; her childhood dream was to become part of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation.

• Luella grew up in the community of Alto, Tennessee, at the foot of the Cumberland plateau. • In high school, her report card reflected more C’s than A’s, but her prowess as a leadoff-hitting softball shortstop earned her several partial scholarship offers to small colleges in the area.

• Her parents’ persistent struggles with debt convinced her that she would not attend college on the “borrow now, pay back later” plan; money worries, she already knew, could be a huge burden.

• Besides, the army’s offer to see the world and earn money toward college was appealing. • Before she joined the army, Luella’s longest journey from home had been to Graceland on the anniversary of Elvis Presley’s death.

• She knew she had made the right decision almost immediately; the army assigned her to military • • • •

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police training and offered additional courses toward a degree in criminal justice. As an MP, she not only received police training, but also was qualified with an M-16 and all other basic combat tactics. Luella enjoyed the day-to-day routine of police work in the 503rd Military Police Battalion at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, but she loved the idea that her unit could be assigned in a hostile situation to keep peace. Traditionally, women were not allowed in combat units; military police served a support function. Luella thought the prohibition against women in combat ridiculous, and though many of her fellow male soldiers agreed, few were willing to speak publicly. A quarter of the soldiers in her company were tough and aggressive—and female. She could out-arm-wrestle many of the men, and out-drink all of them. However, she was just as Luella Sprague joined the army to pay for college. wary as the men when in the spring of 1989, after

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more than a decade in service, her platoon got a new female commanding officer, Second Lieutenant Alice Zayicek, a Chicago native straight out of ROTC. • Zayicek was a rigid disciplinarian who expected respect, and conducted herself with a quiet confidence not always found in new officers. • After a few months, Luella decided that Lt. Zayicek was the best officer she had served with in over 11 years of service.

Life at Work • For much of 1988 and 1989, the country of Panama and its leader General Manuel Noriega had been in the headlines. • Despite nearly 12,000 American troops in Panama, Traditionally, women were not allowed in combat units, but might see action as members of the 503rd Military Police Noriega and his Panama Defense Force were exercising nearly absolute control over the country. • Since the Panama Canal Treaty was signed during the Carter Administration, the influence of the United States in Panama had been declining. • The treaty, which was derided by many, called for the entire American military presence to be gone by the end of 1999-just a decade away. • Currently, 12,700 American troops are assigned to Panama; the Central American country serves as the headquarters of the U.S. Southern Command. • In May, a national election was held, with Noriega claiming victory even though neutral observers said he had lost in a landslide. • In early October, a failed coup attempt increased tensions and exacerbated anti-American sentiment among Noriega supporters, particularly the Panama Defense Force. • Word circulated around Fort Bragg that U.S. military involvement was imminent, although President Bush publicly denied any plans to invade Panama. • In mid-December, Noriega’s Panama Defense Force shot an American officer and tortured another while threatening to gang-rape the officer’s wife. • Bush ordered that Noriega be captured and his rogue government taken down. • Seven thousand troops, including Ranger, airborne and infantry, were airlifted to Panama to join the forces on the ground. • The operation was designated “Just Cause.” • Early on the morning of December 20, a multipronged attack-the largest force in the field since Vietnam-hit targets in Panama. • As part of the assault, 3,000 members of the 82nd Airborne Division made the largest parachute drop since World War II. • Noriega’s defense forces provided token resistance before fading into the landscape to conduct guerrilla warfare. • Luella’s company was deployed early in the attack plan. A failed coup attempt increased tensions and exacerbated • Approximately 2,500 troops consisting primarily of anti-American sentiment in Panama. MPs landed in Panama behind the air assault.

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• Although for Luella, excitement had been building all week, some soldiers were visibly nervous, while others were in a panic about childcare, since both mother and father were deployed at the same time. • The night before she shipped out, Luella wrote her family the longest letter of her life, describing her pride at being an American, her joy of being a female soldier, and her excitement that she would be allowed to fight for her country. • Upon landing in Panama, the MPs were immediately immersed in the thick of the fray. • Luella’s squad was assigned to join a perimeter force around the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. • Almost immediately, she was subjected to fire; as the day progressed, the sounds of war were persistent, but not heavy. • One soldier in her unit was hit, and although the wound was not life-threatening, he screamed in pain and fear at seeing blood gushing out of his body. • Luella was embarrassed by his behavior as he was Luella’s squad was assigned to join a perimeter force around carried off for medical treatment. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. • In the second of several firefights during the first day, she was sure she had taken down two of the enemy. • What a rush! • Late in the day, an exhausted Lt. Zayicek stopped at Luella’s post, offering encouragement with a firm “Carry on, soldier,” and moving on. • Luella marveled at the maturity of the 22-year-old officer. • Panamanian resistance collapsed quickly in the face of superior strength. • In the days that followed, the MPs set up a police department, as well as a night court staffed by Panamanian magistrates. • Luella had performed similar operations on the island of St. Croix after Hurricane Hugo struck the island in September. • Her other concern was containing the looters trying to take advantage of the chaos; each day, she patrolled with several Panamanian policemen. • A stickler for details, she kept those in her unit alert and aware of the dangers. • Weapons were cleaned, oiled and on ready at all times, as the MPs were still subject to fire from burned-out buildings and looted storefronts. • Rumors were bruited of sniper killings in the forbidding streets; every face and building were scanned for potential danger. • Luella knew that she could die in seconds in these situations. • She was amused that the stateside media was obsessed with the idea that women like her were in the line of fire, because in Panama, hundreds of Luella was concerned with looters trying to take advantage of the women operated in the combat zone and had chaos; each day, she patrolled with several Panamanian come under enemy fire. policemen.

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• Also, for the first time, women led soldiers into action against an enemy. • Official army policy still kept women from serving in units designated for combat; since the mid-1970s, women had served in support units such as the Military Police and the Signal Corps.

• The Panama invasion was now proving what military experts had said for years-in today’s urban • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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warfare, the line between combat and support is quickly blurred. Just as life began to fall into a routine-albeit still harrowing at times-word arrived that one of Noriega’s chief lieutenants was hiding in a nearby apartment complex. Luella was beside herself with excitement as the entire unit piled in HMMWVs (high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles) and roared to the location. She leapt from the vehicle, her M-16 ready. As the building was quickly surrounded, a group led by Lt. Zayicek was the first inside, with Luella leading a group in right behind her. At each door, Lt. Zayicek knocked, producing a search warrant from the newly constituted Panamanian courts, then instructed Luella’s team to fan quickly through the apartment from room to room with weapons highly visible. The Panamanian policemen watched in awe. Little was found until the fifth apartment search, where a soldier discovered a padlocked satchel from which, when slit open, tumbled out wads of U.S. bills. The three women occupying the apartment vehemently denied knowledge of the money as they were frisked and cuffed by Luella, who had little patience for their denials. She had even less patience with a soldier who began using the barrel of his gun to encourage one of the women to talk. “We’re pros!” she barked, and the interrogation ended. She knew the prisoners would talk in good time. For the time being, it was her job to secure the money and wait for the women to be driven to the police station. Within weeks, she and her unit shifted from fighting to peacekeeping. Through a cash-for-weapons program, the U.S. paid out $60,000 for 75,000 guns collected by the police; one Panamanian received $5,000 for driving an armored personnel carrier up to the doorstep of the U.S. troops.

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Luella and her unit found money in a raid on one of Noriega’s apartments.

Life in the Community: Washington, DC and Panama • Critics in Washington were condemning the invasion of Panama as a “throwback to the era of gunboat diplomacy.”

• Others were saying it was simply a contrived, glorious moment in the “war against drugs” for a commander-in-chief who was still suspected of being wimpish.

• The United Nations did not approve the invasion, considering it an illegal, unilateral use of force. • Approximately 23 American and 300 Panamanian soldiers died in the assault. • Editorial writers generally agree with President Bush that the invasion of Panama was necessary as a crusade for a democratic and drug-free hemisphere.

• The president of the Panamanian Chamber of Commerce calculates that losses from looting and damage caused by the military invasion will top $1 billion.

• Millions more, it was believed, would be needed to refurbish streets, waterworks, public buildings and other facilities long neglected by a government more obsessed with power than governance.

• To help out in the crisis, the United States asked Japan, which extensively uses the Panama Canal, to provide aid.

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1989: Charles Coughlin Myers, Anti-Abortion Protestor Charles Coughlin Myers, an anti-abortion protester, was convinced that America was perched on a new era of greatness that would bring quality values back into the mainstream.

Life at Home • Charles Coughlin Myers knew in his heart that, thanks to the leadership of President Ronald • • • •

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Reagan, the horrors of the New Deal era were being wiped out, Communism was on the verge of collapse, and AIDS was punishing the homosexuals and drug abusers for their deviant ways. The crowning achievement would be the abolishment of abortion in the United States. Now, with the election of President Reagan’s handpicked successor, George Bush, America was destined to complete the work already begun. Charles’s greatest disappointment in this quest was the refusal of the United States Senate to confirm Robert H. Bork for the Supreme Court in 1987. Judge Bork would have revolutionized the thinking of the court if the liberals had not ambushed him by mailings, fervent lobbying, scare rhetoric and television ads. Charles was also convinced the liberal press finally could see the sea change underway and was running scared. That’s why it had demonized Judge Bork and frightened the voters into thinking that he was a monster who would sterilize women, bring back the poll tax and eliminate condoms. The day the Senate refused to recognize the brilliance of Judge Bork was the day Charles understood that America was engaged in a civil war over its future moral framework. And he knew it was a wake-up call to stand on the front lines to defend America from decay. Born in 1946, Charles Coughlin Myers was proud that his parents had named him after the 1930s crusading Roman Catholic priest Father Charles Coughlin, who had used his radio broadcasts to challenge immorality, the bank cartel that was ruining the country, and America’s first elected Charles Myers was an anti-abortion protester. dictator, Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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• It took courage to swim upstream against public opinion then, and the same was true today. • That’s why two years earlier, Charles resigned from his job as a software designer to become a • • • • • •

full-time protestor with one goal: to stop government-approved murder of the unborn. Easy access to abortions had encouraged sexual relations by the unmarried and a decline in morality, Charles believed. He fully understood that the purpose of sex was the propagation of children and had fostered that belief throughout his 18-year marriage. During his first year as a professional protester, or as Charles preferred, “Pioneer for God,” his wife and four children had traveled with him from march to demonstration to abortion clinic confrontation. The palpable tension and boisterous condemnation of women seeking abortions upset the children. Now they stayed in the New York apartment overlooking Central Park with their mother and attended school regularly again. Charles tried to visit at least once a month, no matter how busy he was.

Life at Work • Charles Coughlin Myers appreciated that his father had been supportive of his beliefs; in fact, he even died at the right time.

• Just as boredom was setting in at work and his desire to reclaim the goodness of America at its peak, •

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Charles’s father had suddenly died of a massive heart attack, leaving behind a multimillion-dollar estate. That meant that Charles was unbound from the earthly need to provide for his family and freed to fight the iniquity unleashed in 1973 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Roe v Wade that abortions could be performed legally nationwide. But Charles believed that, thanks to the Reagan “Era of Righteousness,” restrictions on abortions were coming back step by step. After years of writing letters and talking to friends, he first decided to act during a protest condemning the opening of a gynecologist’s office in Manhattan. Charles brought the entire family to the event, part of a week-long effort by a young organization known as Operation Rescue, the members of which believed that direct confrontation was essential for meaningful change. Charles’s day began at 6 a.m., when the demonstrators assembled in the lobby of the Times Square Hotel on West 43rd Street, where many were staying. Groups of people held hands and prayed, and then left for the subway. They were told to follow guides who held American flags and were the only ones to know the route or destination. Charles was jubilant when he arrived at the protest Anti-abortion activists often preached from street corners to and joined the others. get their message out.

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The police watched as protests defied an injunction issued by a Manhattan federal judge.

• Boisterously but peacefully, they sat on the sidewalk and street, praying and chanting before the • • • • • • • • •

office of the gynecologist at 154 East 85th Street, where they had been told abortions were performed. Across the street, supporters of abortion rights, including representatives of the National Organization for Women and the National Abortion Rights Action League, chanted, too. No one tried to enter the small residential building that housed the doctor’s office because access was blocked. A few patients stood on the sidelines and then left, while medical personnel were blocked from going to work. That’s when the arrests began in an orderly and peaceful manner. Charles had never been arrested before and was unsure whether to be proud or ashamed. Their leader, Operation Rescue founder Randall A. Terry of Binghamton, New York, told the press, “Our goal is to completely close down abortion facilities for an entire day, and each day we will target another one.’’ He told The New York Times that he had been planning the events for a year and a half. “We are simply producing the social tensions that bring about political change,’’ he said. “Everyone here is committed to being arrested.’’

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• During the three-hour protest, 503

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demonstrators were taken into custody, bused to the Police Academy on East 20th Street, charged with disorderly conduct and released. Charles fully realized that too much energy had been concentrated on changing laws through the courts and legislatures; Operation Rescue wanted to save babies right now in the most direct way possible—by keeping women out of abortion centers. Minutes after being released from jail, Charles signed up for the protest in Chicago, where he learned the value of graphic pictures to shock women into keeping their babies. Women seeking abortions needed to face the visual consequences of their actions, Charles had come to understand. Several abortion-seekers turned away from his sign during the Chicago demonstration, but one woman actually threw up on the sidewalk when he showed her a picture of an aborted baby. Charles’ children watched their father’s arrests. It may have been his proudest moment in Chicago. From there Charles traveled the country at his own expense, fighting for the rights of the unborn. Quickly he learned that the press could not be trusted and refused to talk to them. In Atlanta, during the Democratic National Convention that year, the various protest groups had to take turns demonstrating in a two-acre area of parking lots that the city had set aside for that purpose. But Operation Rescue commanded headlines after 134 hymn-singing opponents of abortion blocked access to a medical clinic by lying across the steps in front of the door. Thirty-one of the anti-abortion demonstrators, including Charles, got further publicity for their cause when they refused to disclose their identities to police. Operation Rescue wanted to overcrowd the prison system by refusing to give their real names to police, thus making them ineligible for bond. For 40 days the protesters from New York, California, Virginia and Illinois sang and prayed behind bars. At the same time in Chicago, the police were unable to take two of the protesters into custody because they locked themselves to a bar attached to a concrete block, while in Pennsylvania, 74 activists were found guilty of trespassing outside a women’s health clinic in Paoli. On New Year’s Day, 1989, Charles was more optimistic than ever about the future of the right to life movement. The arrest Charles relished the most was the day he was handcuffed as a leader of the movement, while his children watched. For months his wife had been saying that he was setting a poor example for the children. Now it was his time to shine. That day police arrested 685 abortion opponents for demonstrating outside a Manhattan abortion clinic for the second consecutive day. Many of the protesters had stopped traffic and blocked sidewalks, but it was Charles’s idea to chain 12 people, just like disciples, together in a line.

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• Charles then swallowed the key to the locking system securing the chain and dared the police to make them stop blocking the doors of the Margaret Sanger Center, operated by Planned Parenthood.

• The protests defied an injunction issued by a Manhattan federal judge that forbade Operation Rescue from obstructing access to abortion clinics in the city. • Charles’s delight with the blocking maneuver turned to elation when the police shouted, “Take him first; he’s their leader.” • And it was all said right in front of his children: a great day indeed.

Life in the Community: New York City • Until the Supreme Court ruled on Roe v Wade, each state had set its own laws concerning abortions and conditions under which they could be performed.

• New York State had the most liberal abortion access laws in the nation. • So anti-abortion leaders began preparing early for the day when the Supreme Court ruling that legalized abortion was overturned and the issue returned to the states.

• Charles Coughlin Myers expected that some time during George Bush’s Administration, the great • • • • • • • • • • • •

evil of abortion would be halted. He believed that President Bush would shift the Supreme Court away from the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision through wise, conservative appointments, now that three of the Justices who had joined in the ruling were in their eighties. Sixteen years earlier, the Supreme Court had declared that a woman’s right must be weighed against the fetus’s growing potential for life. Therefore, the court reasoned, the state’s interest in protecting life increased as the fetus grew. Accordingly, the decision was left up to a woman and her doctor whether to continue a pregnancy, at least during the first trimester. States were allowed to impose some limitation on abortion in the second trimester, and allowed stronger limitation in the third. Polls indicated that a substantial majority of Americans believed strongly in a woman’s right to an abortion, although anti-abortion groups contended that their support was growing rapidly. “I think there is a definite movement away from abortion now, as more people come to believe that it is not acceptable for mothers to murder their babies,’’ according to Joseph Scheidler, executive director of the Chicago-based Pro-Life Action League. “We have whole groups of ex-abortionists coming and telling us how persuasive we’ve been. “And since the Democratic convention, there have been 10,000 arrests in antiabortion demonstrations. That’s a lot of people putting their bodies on the line.’’ According to figures provided by Congress, half of all pregnancies in America were unintended and half of these unintended pregnancies ended in abortion. Nearly half of the unintended pregnancies were the result of a contraceptive failure. Nationwide, doctors performed 1.6 million abortions annually.

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Heavily-populated New York had liberal abortion access laws.

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1989: An Dung and Nguyet Nguyen, Vietnamese Immigrants who Valued Education An Dung and Nguyet Nguyen were Vietnamese immigrants who believed that education was the key to being successful in the United States.

Life at Home • An Dung and Nguyet Nguyen from Vietnam were part of a revolutionary immigrant tidal wave that • • • • •

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struck America’s shores in the 1980s. From Vietnam alone, two million refugees had uprooted themselves; almost one million of them came to the United States. As a result, many American cities were experiencing a cultural makeover. Unleashed by the Immigrant Act of 1965, legal immigration expanded from 178,000 new residents a year, under the National Origins System, to one million by 1989. Illegal immigration added another 300,000 to 500,000 people each year. By 1989, immigration accounted for 60 percent of America’s population growth, 82 percent of whom came from Latin American and Asian nations, and 13 percent from Europe. Global population had expanded from one billion in 1804 to 5.3 billion in 1989. The Immigration Act came just as a worldwide population spike was sending a second great wave of human migration searching for relief from overcrowded, economically damaged nations. New Americans were being minted from Mexico, the Philippines, China, the Republic Korea, India, the USSR, and Jamaica. The Nguyet family had entered the United States legally a decade earlier, shortly after the fall of Saigon, but the new amnesty program brought peace of mind to their cousins who had reached Chicago through Canada. The foreign-born population nationwide had reached 8 percent and accounted for one in eight workers, the highest total for foreign-born workers since 1910. “Immigration created winners and losers,” An Dung told his son Ba. An Dung steered his son toward a vocational education. Which are we? “We don’t know yet.”

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• An Dung had been successful enough

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during the previous decade to own one small building and a restaurant; children, parents and cousins alike were the labor force that kept it running. But schoolwork came first; education was the ticket to the good life in America, along with a good, hardworking spouse, An Dung had preached. So when thousands of Asians—from Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and China—arrived in Chicago, many were escorted to Argyle Street, home to addicts, pimps and winos, where the newcomers helped push out the drugs, opened small shops, added a new ethnic character to the gang mix and generally participated in an economic turnaround. An Dung’s greatest concern was the growing number of Mexican and Central American immigrants who were crowding into the area. A substantial number of the Hispanic immigrants were illegally in the country; lacking in green cards and Chicago was home to a variety of different cultures. vulnerable to deportation, the workers worked for less, possessed little ability to complain about work conditions, and generally made conditions worse for An Dung and his family. He was especially concerned about the immigrants’ impact on his children’s schools. His son Ba attended a number of classes with the Hispanic immigrants, whose lack of English skills made the classes progress slowly; the teenage Ba often complained about being bored. An Dung couldn’t allow others to ruin the American dream for his family—not after all they had gone through. Like many of his fellow Southeast Asian immigrants fearing wage competition, An Dung was eager to close the door on additional immigration. America’s schools were becoming less a melting pot and more of a salad bowl. So to protect his children’s future, An Dung devoted a considerable amount of his time to improving conditions within the community and steering his children toward vocational education, where they could always make a living. The purpose of education was clear to An Dung: to prepare children for the ever-changing workplace in America. The study of dead writers like Shakespeare could wait.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Life at School • An Dung Nguyen’s business background told him that schools should be modeled after corporations • • • •

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•

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so they could be responsive to the workplace. Schools should be able to show—through the performance of its children—quality results, or at least measurable progress. Every time a school failed to do its job, hundreds of children were impacted—possibly for their entire lives. Many high schools with large foreign-born populations already experienced a 50 percent dropout rate—a statistic that was harmful to both the children and the community. The reformers who supported “progressive education” and preached the value of allowing children to seek their own interests, avoided an emphasis on grades, and rewarded group efforts had obviously never lived in a world that demanded that their restaurant open at 5:30 a.m. instead of 6:30 to catch one more shift of workers. The key was a quality education that prepared people for work. For nearly 100 years, business leaders in Chicago and elsewhere had been influencing area schools, their organization, and most importantly, their curricula. Business had been demanding that America’s schools provide a better-trained workforce. As a result, businesses had started schools, helped educators massage their curricula, donated cash and equipment, and persuaded children, parents and teachers of the importance of market economy by subsidizing programs aimed at enhancing teacher knowledge and skill. In the public policy arena, business leaders lobbied state and federal officials to guide specific education bills and direct educational funding where it might benefit business. An Dung saw his son Ba’s future in air conditioning repair and installation—an occupation always in demand, could not be done by cheaper labor in a foreign country, and would not go out of style. An Dung, whose Vietnamese upbringing did not include air conditioning, was amazed at how Americans hated sweat or just a little warmth. They would never give up air conditioning, even in the worst of times, and Ba would always have a job. His thinking meshed with those of American educators since the turn of the twentieth century when schools were struggling to meet the labor force needs of an America shifting from an agrarian to an industrial economic base. In his 1907 address to Congress, President Theodore Roosevelt urged major school reform that would provide industrial education in urban centers and agriculture education in rural areas. A powerful alliance supporting federal funding for vocational education was formed in 1910, when the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which had long opposed such programs as discriminatory, gave its approval to the National Association of Manufacturers’ (NAM) promotion of trade instruction in schools. An Dung’s son learned the circuitry necessary to succeed in the air conditioning Federal support for vocational industry. education began with the

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Trade schools were popular in the early 1900s and again in the 1980s during a second wave of popularity.

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Smith-Hughes Act of 1917, which established vocational education, particularly agricultural education, as a federal program. The act reflected the view of reformers who believed that youth should be prepared for entry-level jobs by learning specific occupational skills in separated vocational schools. Vocationalism had its critics, including the American philosopher and educator John Dewey, who believed that such specific skill training was unnecessarily narrow and undermined democracy. By the 1960s, the vocational education system had been firmly established, and Congress recognized the need for a new focus. As a result, the 1963 Vocational Education Act broadened the definition of vocational education to include occupational programs, such as business and commerce, in comprehensive high schools. The act also included the improvement of vocational education programs and the provision of programs and services for disadvantaged and disabled students. Education reforms focusing on secondary education began in the early 1980s, prompted by concern about the nation’s declining competitiveness in the international market, the relatively poor performance of American students on achievement tests, and complaints from the business community about the low level of high school graduates’ skills and abilities. This reform came in two waves. The first wave called for increased effort from the current education system: more academic course requirements for high school graduation, more stringent college entrance requirements, longer school days and years, and an emphasis on standards and testing for both students and teachers. Beginning in the mid-1980s, a second wave of school reform arose, based in part on the belief that the first wave did not go far enough.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• The second wave emphasized school-to-work that created closer links between vocational and academic education, secondary and postsecondary institutions, and schools and workplaces.

• The reform movement, particularly its first phase, received major impetus from the publication in • •

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1983 of the National Commission on Excellence in Education’s report A Nation at Risk. This influential report observed that the United States was losing ground in international economic competition, and attributed the decline in large part to the relatively low standards and poor performance of the American educational system. The report recommended many of the changes subsequently enacted in first-wave reforms: the strengthening of requirements for high school graduation, including the requirement of a core academic curriculum; the development and use of rigorous educational standards; more time in school or the more efficient use of presently available time; and better preparation of teachers. The response to this report and related education reform initiatives was rapid and widespread. By the mid-1980s, 43 states had increased course requirements for high school graduation; 17 had developed stronger requirements for admission to state colleges and universities; 37 had created statewide student assessment programs; 29 had developed teacher competency tests; and 28 had increased teacher licensure requirements. Between 1984 and 1986, more than 700 state laws affecting some aspect of the teaching profession had been enacted. An Dung thought the schools would welcome his son into the heating and air curriculum. Instead, they discouraged the notion, saying that an Asian like Ba should be encouraged to explore engineering or software development. Jobs in construction, heating, air and auto repair were a loser’s path, which confused An Dung even more. Every morning his restaurant was crowded with hardworking carpenters, plumbers and factory workers capable of paying with cash and telling delightful stories.

Life in the Community: Chicago, Illinois • The Windy City, as Chicago was called, loved to refer to itself as America’s Second City, reveling in • • • • • • • • •

the brashness of its notorious past. It was also a city that has always made room for the next wave of immigrants, whether they’re coming from Greece, Sweden, Poland, or the American South during the Great Black Migration of the 1920s. Architectural giants such as Louis Henri Sullivan, William Le Baron Jenney, and Frank Lloyd Wright left a permanent elegance to Chicago’s buildings and boulevards, as well as the world’s tallest building. In addition to the beaches of Lake Michigan, Chicago boasts 430 parks where visitors find works of art by Picasso, Calder, Miro, and Chagall. In 1833, Chicago was a village of 350 residents that grew by 1850 as the world’s busiest rail center. By the 1980s, the city had the world’s busiest airport. Chicago’s population grew from just under 30,000 in 1850 to about 300,000 by 1870, then to almost 1.1 million by 1890. By 1930, the city’s population approached 3.4 million. In 1930, the “Chicago Industrial Area”—comprising a five-county section—was the second-largest manufacturing area in the U.S., behind only the “New York City Industrial Area," which had over twice as many people. Although the electrical machinery industry, iron and steel production, and machineshop and foundry production constituted the three largest components of Chicago’s manufacturing economy in 1930, employment in the clothing industry topped 30,000, over 25,000 were employed in printing and publishing, and another 18,000 worked in the furniture industry.

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• Chicago remained the leading railroad center in the country, and, as the U.S. automotive industrial • • • •

complex became increasingly centralized in the Great Lakes Region, the city came to play a leading role in the automobile and trucking industries, too. Finally, as the city’s population grew wealthier and more sophisticated, Chicago began to invest more in human capital—in education and in healthcare, most notably—and to spend more on sports, entertainment, and the arts. As a result, service-related activities—the food, beverage, and lodging industries, for example—grew as well. Like most other cities in the industrial Midwest, Chicago suffered terribly during the Great Depression, as the demand for Chicago-made capital goods and consumer durables plummeted. Similarly, both the city and the entire metropolitan region were devastated by the decline of jobs in heavy industry as the region lost a staggering 188,000 jobs in this sector during the 1980s alone.

Chicago, Illinois was known for its architecture.

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1989: Irby Hipp, Teenage Video-Game Player from West Virginia Six-foot, six-inch Irby Hipp of Charleston, West Virginia, loved to play video games and listen to Nirvana, and he memorized facts to help him excel at a schoolyard version of Trivial Pursuit.

Life at Home • Everyone—his father, his brother, the coach and kids at school—wanted Irby to be a basketball player. • Irby wanted to play video games and one day, like Douglas Smith, become a developer himself. • After all, Smith wrote Lode Runner on a VAX 11780 computer while he was a student at the • •

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•

University of Washington; who better to develop America’s next video-game sensation than a video-head? Besides, Nintendo’s Game Boy was introduced, the field was expanding, and more competition was opening up—your own skills were your only limitation. While others in his hometown spent their time incessantly dribbling a basketball, Irby and his friends had contests to see who can imitate the most video-game sounds: The descending arpeggio that signals “Game Over” for Pitfall Harry, the sounds of dragons crashing into the walls in Adventure, or the sound of Mario jumping over a barrel in Donkey Kong. When bored with a lecture at school or at home, he loved to quietly make the “wakka-wakka” dot-eating noise of Pac-Man. Irby cut his video teeth on Pac-Man and Defender and stole quarters from his father’s dresser top so he could compete at the arcade. If his father suspected where his spare change was going, he never said anything. Then Zonk, the world’s first commercially distributed interactive adventure game, was introduced—and Irby was hooked. The key to Zonk was its puzzles, requiring the players to think their way through the Great Underground Empire, past lakes and grottoes and trolls. Irby was fascinated by the possibilities, returning to the game week after week to see what lay around Irby Hipp’s interests included video games, Nirvana and surfing. the corner the next time.

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• Indifferent to subjects such as who won the

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basketball game on Friday night or who is going out with whom, Irby and his friends would joust for respect by talking about their progress through various video games. It was great to belong to something that didn’t require you to strain yourself and ache all the time. Recently, his father attempted to get Irby more involved in the city’s annual Sternwheel Regatta festival; Irby’s father was chairing one of the major committees that year. Every five minutes, it seemed, Irby was being asked to drop the controls on his game and look something up on his computer. He thought it was a plot to lure him away from his games because his father thinks all this computer/video time serves no purpose. Irby was exploring Populous and the ability to rotate and alter the scale of the game’s isometric world. His room was the universe he controls; on one wall was a huge picture of a surfer high and tight in the inner realm of a wave—cool and powerful. Irby never learned to surf and rarely swam, but the poster epitomized all the skills and control he would like to have. On his other wall was a picture of Nirvana’s Kurt Cobain sprawled on a drum kit in total abandon. The rest of his room was cluttered with pictures of people like Clint Eastwood and old dinosaur models he created from wooden kits as a child. The only thing that will lure him out of his room is a chance to see another segment of a new cartoon program, The Simpsons.

Life at School • High school, in a word, sucked. • When he was a freshman, everyone talked about • • •

• • Irby had surfing posters on his bedroom wall.

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how he was going to help the basketball team and which college he could attend. During his sophomore year, he was caught smoking dope and got kicked out for a semester. He was held back and behind the rest of his class. The teachers thought he was a slacker and watched him like a hawk, while the popular girls thought he was a dopehead, and the athletes didn’t talk to him because he wouldn’t go out for the basketball team. Who cared? The teachers never consulted each other about assigning homework, so they always gave out loads to do on the same day.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

• It’s not fair—how was anyone supposed to

• • • • •

• • • •

read a chapter in a boring English novel, do chemistry and algebra, and still be in a good mood? His mother said he doesn’t handle pressure well. He was sure he handled it just fine; he just didn’t think that all of his time should be consumed by useless, stupid facts. After all, no one—but no one—talked about people named Heathcliff when class was over. If only they taught real stuff, or let him show everyone his best game moves, everything would be different. His school was an amalgamation of three schools brought together in redistricting, creating a huge campus with sparkling new buildings. The School Board believed that changing district lines will draw the community together. Irby just felt hostile. Irby’s room was cluttered with pictures of Clint Eastwood and old dinosaur models made of wood. His only school activity, besides organizing video-game tournaments, was playing Trivial Pursuit. At lunchtime, teams formed on each side of a picnic table and call out questions; the other team must answer eight of the 10 questions to gain the right to call out questions in the second round. • Irby especially liked questions such as, “What part of the body gets cut during a bunionectomy?” or “Which of Jean-Paul Sartre’s novels has the sickest title?” • He hated TV trivia questions such as “Which of TV’s Cartwright boys wears the biggest hat?”

Life in the Community: Charleston, West Virginia • Charleston was West Virginia’s capital and its

Nirvana’s Kurt Cobain symbolized the freedom Irby desired.

second-largest city. • Started as a frontier fort, the city is now a major center for the chemical industry, as well as glass-fabricated metals and synthetic fabrics. • Charleston’s Italian Renaissance-style Capitol, built on the banks of the Kanawha River, was considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the state. • The city was experiencing an economic boom, thanks to new industry moving into the area.

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SECTION TWO: HISTORICAL SNAPSHOTS The 1980s was a decade of great social, political, and economic change, including Ronald Reagan’s presidential win, concern about the rising national debt, and inventions of the Internet and laptop computers. Americans enjoyed Michael Jackson’s “Thriller” album, the Nintendo Entertainment System, and the debut of WrestleMania. These Historical Snapshots highlight hundreds of significant people, places, events, and things that dominated the 1980s.

Early 1980s • Actress Jennifer Beals established a new fashion trend in the movie Flashdance by wearing clothing with holes and tears

• After four years of major losses, the automotive industry rebounded and appeared to be on the road • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

to financial recovery Ameritech received the FCC’s first cellular phone license An eight-year study revealed that Vietnam veterans suffered more emotional, social, educational, and job-related problems than veterans of other recent wars An estimated 750 million people watched the marriage of Prince Charles to kindergarten teacher Lady Diana Spencer Anti-drunk driver campaigns were credited with a reduction in automobile accident fatalities for the year Apple Inc. released the Apple Lisa personal computer At the 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures, the metre was defined in terms of the speed of light as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second Australia won the America’s Cup Average tuition for four-year private colleges was $7,475; Harvard cost $8,195 Baltimore Orioles defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 5-0 in game 5 to win the series four games to one for their third World Championship Baseball fans suffered through a seven-week strike, the longest in sports history Bestselling books included In Search of Excellence by Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Megatrends by John Naisbitt, Jane Fonda’s Workout Book by Jane Fonda and On the Wings of Eagles by Ken Follet Björn Borg retired from tennis after winning five consecutive Wimbledon championships Braniff International Airlines and F.W. Woolworth declared bankruptcy Cave paintings of sacred Mayan ball games, circa A.D. 800, were found in Guatemala Cellular telephones became available to motorists, costing $3,000, plus $150.00 per month for service Checker Motors Corporation ceased production of automobiles Columbia, the last all-male college in the Ivy League, decided to begin accepting women in 1983 Combination of First Lady Nancy Reagan’s elegance and the wedding of Lady Diana to Prince Charles stimulated a return to opulent styles

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This is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Comedian and Blues Brother John Belushi was found dead of an apparent drug overdose in the • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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Chateau Marmont Hotel in Los Angeles Commodore 64 8-bit home computer was introduced by Commodore International at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show Compact disk, polyurethane car bumpers, the Honda Accord, and the NCAA major college basketball championship for women all made their first appearances Computer “mouse” was introduced by Apple Computers reached 1.5 million homes—five times the number in 1980 Congress released a report critical of the United States’ practice of Japanese internment during World War II Cordless telephones, front-wheel-drive subcompact cars, 24-hour-a-day news coverage and Discover magazine made their first appearance Courts ordered the breakup of AT&T, the U.S. telephone monopoly, into AT&T longdistance lines and regional telephone companies Dallas, M*A*S*H, The Dukes of Hazzard, 60 Minutes, Three’s Company, Private Benjamin, Diff’rent Strokes, House Calls, The Jeffersons and Too Close for Comfort were the top-rated television shows Degas’ painting Waiting sold for $3.7 million—a record price for an Impressionist’s work, while Mary Cassatt’s Reading Le Figaro sold for $1.1 million Divorce rate had grown from one in three marriages in 1970 to one in two a decade later Dow experienced a one-day drop of a record 39 points; the high for the year was 1,070, while the low was 776 Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at 1,065.49, its first all-time high since January 11, 1973, when the average closed at 1,051.70 Dr. Ruth began her radio sex-talk show Dun and Bradstreet reported a total of 20,365 bankruptcies by October, the highest figure since the Great Depression Efforts at library censorship tripled; books under fire in New York included The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Grapes of Wrath, and The Catcher in the Rye Ellen Taaffe Zwilich became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music Equal Rights Amendment fell short of the 38 states needed to pass; Phyllis Schlafly and other leaders of the Christian right took credit for its defeat Fads included books about cats (Garfield, 101 Uses for a Dead Cat) and Rubik’s Cube; the book, The Solution to Rubik’s Cube, sold four million copies Fifty-fourth Academy Awards presented Chariots of Fire with Best Picture Final episode of M*A*S*H set records for the most watched episode in television history First artificial heart recipient, Barney Clark, died after 112 days First non-American Disney theme park opened in Japan as Tokyo Disneyland First successful embryo transfer was performed First U.S. execution by lethal injection was carried out in Texas First United States cruise missiles arrived at Greenham Common Airbase in Firsts for the year included the hatching of a California condor in captivity, fingerprinting of infants, the first black mayor of Chicago, the first woman in space and a female Secretary of Transportation Flashdance and Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi were box-office hits Following the terrorist truck bombing in Beirut that killed 239 Marines, South Carolina Senator Ernest Hollings said, “If they’ve been put there to fight, then there are far too few. If they’ve been put there to be killed, there are far too many.”

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

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Section Two: Historical Snapshots / Early 1980s

Four hundred cases of toxic shock syndrome, caused by extended tampon use, were reported Global Positioning System (GPS) became available for civilian use Hezbollah terrorists bombed the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, killing 63 people Hill Street Blues won an Emmy for best drama and Barney Miller won for best comedy Hit records included “Lady,” “Starting Over,” “9 to 5,” “Slow Hand” and “Take It on the Run” Hit songs for the year featured “Billie Jean,” “Every Breath You Take,” “Maniac,” “Total Eclipse of the Heart,” “Say, Say, Say,” and “Islands in the Stream” IBM Personal Computer was marketed for the first time Immunosuppressant cyclosporine was approved by the FDA, leading to a revolution in the field of transplantation In a Gallup Poll, 51 percent of Americans did not accept homosexuality as normal In professional football, a strike cut the regular season to nine games International Whaling Commission voted to end commercial whaling by 1985-1986 Italy beat West Germany 3-1 to win the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain Japanese marketed the wristwatch-sized television with a 1.2 inch screen Johnny Ramone suffered a near-fatal head injury during a fight over a woman Kellogg’s introduced Nutri-Grain wheat cereal Lotus 1-2-3 was released for IBM-PC compatible computers Magazines reported a new phenomenon: computer widows Magazines with the highest circulation were Reader’s Digest, TV Guide, National Geographic, Modern Maturity, Better Homes and Gardens, and AARP News Bulletin Maine schoolgirl Samantha Smith was invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war McDonald’s introduced the chicken McNugget Members of Kiss showed their faces without their makeup for the first time on MTV Michael Jackson unveiled his version of the moonwalk during a performance of “Billie Jean” on the Motown 25 Special aired on NBC Michael Jackson’s Thriller album tracked 37 weeks as #1 on the U.S. charts Microsoft Word was first released Moments after Ronald Reagan was inaugurated president, Iran released 52 hostages who had been held for 444 days More than 100 million people watched The Day After, a made-for-TV film about a nuclear attack on Lawrence, Kansas Most successful group of the 1970s, ABBA, released their final original single “Under Attack” Movies Chariots of Fire, Raiders of the Lost Ark, On Golden Pond and The French Lieutenant’s Woman premiered MTV was received in 17.5 million homes and credited with reviving the record industry Musical Annie was performed for the last time after 2,377 shows in New York City National Basketball Association contract was the first in sports to include revenue sharing with players National unemployment rate topped eight percent for the nation, 16.8 percent for blacks and 40 percent for black teenagers Nationwide, 93 percent of homes had a telephone New York and Miami increased transit fares from $0.60 to $0.75 NutraSweet was introduced as a synthetic sugar substitute

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This is Who We Were In The 1980s

• Ocean Spray was introduced in paper bottles • Over-the-counter drug packaging procedures changed in response to the 1982 cyanide tampering of Tylenol bottles in Chicago

• Ozzy Osbourne bit the head off a live bat thrown at him during a performance in Des Moines, Iowa • Picasso’s self portrait Yo, painted in 1901, sold for $5.3 million, the highest price ever paid for a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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twentieth-century work Pioneer 10 became the first manmade object to leave the solar system President Reagan signed a bill creating a federal holiday on the third Monday of every January to honor American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. President Ronald Reagan announced plans to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles, which the media dubbed “Star Wars” President Ronald Reagan proclaimed May 6 “National Day of Prayer” and endorsed a constitutional amendment to permit school prayer; it was defeated Prices for computers plummeted; Timex sold a personal computer for $99.95, while the Proposed equal rights amendment (ERA) ran out of time, receiving only 35 of the 38 state ratifications required Psychologists reported increased marital stress due to computer preoccupation, which was creating computer widows and widowers Public debt hit $1 trillion Quiet Riot’s Metal Health album became the first heavy metal album to hit #1 in America Red Hot Chili Peppers launched their first, self-titled album Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, reported that “passive smoking” can lead to lung cancer Reverend Sun Myung Moon was sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined $25,000 for tax fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice Richard Noble set a new land speed record of 633.468 mph, driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert, Nevada Rolling Stones earned a record $25 million from their U.S. tour of 40 American cities Rubik’s Cube tested the patience of Americans Sally Ride was first American woman in space on the space shuttle Challenger Sandra Day O’Connor of the Arizona State Court of Appeals was named to the United States Supreme Court Sears, Roebuck bought real estate broker Coldwell Banker & Co., and a securities concern, Dean Witter Reynolds Simultaneous suicide truck bombings destroyed both the French and the United States Marine Corps barracks in Beirut, killing 241 U.S. servicemen, 58 French paratroopers and six Lebanese civilians Sixty-one-year-old retired dentist Barney Clark became the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart; he lived for 112 days with the device Soviet military officer Stanislav Petrov averted a worldwide nuclear war by refusing to believe that the United States had launched missiles against the USSR, despite the indications given by his computerized early warning systems Space Shuttle Challenger carried Guion S. Bluford, the first African-American astronaut, into space Spanish priest Juan María Fernández y Krohn tried to stab Pope John Paul II with a bayonet during a pilgrimage to the shrine at Fatima Stern magazine published the “Hitler Diaries,” which were later found to be forgeries

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Two: Historical Snapshots / Mid 1980s

• Supply-side economics proposed that government increase incentives, such as tax reform, to • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

stimulate production Supreme Court reaffirmed its 1973 Roe v. Wade decision affirming a woman’s constitutional right to an abortion Supreme Court upheld a Florida law denying high school diplomas to students who failed a literacy test Surgeons were able to relieve coronary artery obstructions with a stretchable balloon-tipped catheter Television premieres included The A-Team, Wheel of Fortune, Night Court, and Webster Time Magazine’s Man of the Year was given for the first time to a non-human-the computer Top albums included Pink Floyd’s The Wall, Blondie’s Eat to the Beat, Off the Wall by Michael Jackson and Glass Houses by Billy Joel U.S Embassy in Beirut was bombed, killing 63 people U.S. Government approved the use of aspartame as an artificial sweetener in soft drinks U.S. population hit 228 million U.S. Steel acquired Marathon Oil United Auto Workers agreed to wage concessions with Ford Motor Company United Nations Resolution 37 demanded that the Soviet Union withdraw from Afghanistan United States invaded Grenada United States Supreme Court ruled that radio and television coverage of criminal trials was constitutional USA Today, the first national general interest daily newspaper, was introduced Vanessa Lynn Williams became the first African American to be crowned Miss America VCR sales increased; 34 million units were in use Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial, inscribed with the 57,939 names of American soldiers killed or missing in Vietnam, was dedicated in Washington, DC Walter Cronkite retired as the CBS news anchor and was replaced by Dan Rather Weather Channel aired on cable television for the first time World Health Organization announced that smallpox had been eradicated Yellow ribbons were a widely used symbol of American concern for the hostages in Iran

Mid 1980s • ABC was acquired by Capital Cities Communications for $3.43 billion • Actor Rock Hudson became the first celebrity to die of AIDS, raising awareness of the disease • After 35 years on the airwaves and holding the title of longest-running non-news program on • • • • • •

network television, the daytime drama Search for Tomorrow ended After Coca-Cola introduced a new formula known as New Coke, public reaction forced it to reintroduce the Coca-Cola Classic After four years of work and a cost of $55 million, the Museum of Modern Art in New York reopened twice its original size After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak left the instant camera business After waiting 37 years, the U.S. Senate approved a treaty outlawing genocide Agriculture Minister Mikhail Gorbachev, 54, became premier of the Soviet Union AMA reported that medical malpractice suits had tripled since 1975; the average award increased from $95,000 to $333,000

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Amadeus won Best Picture at the 57th Academy Awards American naturalist Dian Fossey was found murdered in Rwanda American spy John Walker was turned in by his wife and daughter Androgynous rock singers such as Michael Jackson, Boy George, Prince, Duran Duran and Grace Jones captured national attention Apple Macintosh was introduced Approximately 35 percent of high school graduates entered college Approximately five million people formed a human chain from New York City to Long Beach, California, to raise money to fight hunger and homelessness ARTnews magazine pressured the Austrian government to return 3,900 works seized by the Nazis during World War II Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart made the first untethered space walk Average salaries in the National Football League reached $163,145, up from $90,102 in 1982 Average salary of elementary and secondary schoolteachers was $26,700 Bach, Handel and Scarlatti tercentenaries were celebrated throughout the world; at Yale, 33 recently discovered Bach chorale preludes were performed Back to the Future opened in American theaters and became the highest grossing film of 1985 Beverly Lynn Burns became the first woman Boeing 747 captain in the world Bill Cosby Show premiered on television featuring for the first time a professional upper middle class black family Boxer Mike Tyson knocked out Hector Mercedes to win his first professional fight Bruce Merrifield won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing an automated method to make proteins California Wilderness Act was passed which designated 23 new areas in 20 states Capital Cities Communications bought television network ABC for $3.5 billion Centennial of the Statue of Liberty’s dedication was celebrated in New York Harbor César Chávez delivered his speech, “What the Future Holds for Farm Workers and Hispanics” at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco Coca-Cola began marketing “New Coke”; three months later, after a consumer uprising, the company reinstated its original product under the name “Coca-Cola Classic” Comic strip Calvin and Hobbes debuted in 35 newspapers Computer game Tetris was released Consumers who sought professional assistance with home decorating spent an average of Corporate takeovers reached a record high of $120 billion Crack, a cheap, smokable form of cocaine, was first introduced into the Los Angeles area and soon spread across the United States in what became known as the Crack Epidemic Desmond Tutu became the first black Anglican Church bishop in South Africa Discovery of a 4.4 million-year-old anthropoid jawbone in Burma created speculation that our human ancestors may have originated in Asia and migrated to Africa DNA was first used in a criminal case Dow and six other chemical companies settled with Agent Orange victims for $180 million Dow Jones Industrial Average hit 1,955; the prime rate dropped to seven percent Dr. John Buster and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announced the first embryo transfer, from one woman to another, resulting in a live birth Drexel, Burnham, Lambert executive Dennis Levine pled guilty to insider trading, by which he had earned $12.6 million

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Two: Historical Snapshots / Mid 1980s

• Eddie Robinson of Grambling University won his 324th game, giving him more wins than any coach • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

in the history of football Eight airlines controlled 90 percent of the domestic market Eric Thomas developed LISTSERV, the first e-mail list management software Estimates of America’s homeless included 40,000 in New York City, 38,000 in Los Angeles and 25,000 in Chicago Explosive device sent by the Unabomber injured John Hauser at the University of California, Berkeley FBI brought charges against the heads of five Mafia families in New York City Federal workers in sensitive jobs were randomly drug-tested after a presidential commission estimated that each month, 20 million Americans smoked marijuana, five million did cocaine and 500,000 used heroin Fifty-eight percent of American students failed the basic fitness test (compared to 8 percent in Europe) First bio-insecticides, designed to eliminate insects without harming the environment, were introduced First genetically engineered microorganisms were licensed for commercial purposes First Live-Aid concert was watched on television worldwide by 1.6 billion viewers, raising $70 million for famine relief in Ethiopia First PC virus, Brain, spread Fitness foods high in fiber and low in sodium, fat, cholesterol, calories and caffeine accounted for 10 percent of the $300 billion retail food market Food and Drug Administration approved a blood test for AIDS to screen all blood donations in the U.S. Food fads included wafer-thin pizza with toppings like duck and lamb sausage, whole grain pita bread and ice cream substitutes like tofu and yogurt For the first time the American Cancer Society made specific dietary food recommendations endorsing whole grains and fruits and vegetables high in vitamin A and C Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable went on sale General Westmoreland dropped his $120 million 1982 libel suit against CBS for its documentary alleging that he deceived the public concerning Vietcong strength Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior was bombed and sunk in Auckland Harbor by French Directorate-General for External Security (DGSE) agents Hands Across America chain, stretching from New York City to Long Beach, California, raised $100 million for the poor and homeless Harvard University celebrated its 350th birthday High for the Dow Jones Industrial Average for the year was 1,553; the low was 1,184 Hit songs included Madonna’s “Material Girl” Hollywood movie premieres included Out of Africa, The Color Purple, Back to the Future, Rambo: First Blood Part II, Desperately Seeking Susan and Kiss of the Spider Woman In Hiroshima, tens of thousands marked the fortieth anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city In Hollywood, California, the charity single “We Are the World” was recorded by USA for Africa In New York City, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti were shot dead in front of Spark’s Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful In professional baseball, Pete Rose broke Ty Cobb’s record with his 4,192nd hit Income for video cassette rentals equaled movie box office income for the first time Incumbent President Reagan defeated Walter F. Mondale with 59 percent of the popular vote, the highest percentage since Richard Nixon’s 61 percent victory in 1972; President Reagan carried 49 states in the electoral college

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• John Anthony Walker, Jr., was arrested by the FBI for passing classified Naval communications to the • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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Soviet Union, and Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh was sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union John Hendricks launched the Discovery Channel Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States was selling weapons to Iran in secret, in order to secure the release of seven American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon Live Aid concert in Philadelphia and London was viewed by 1.6 billion people worldwide on television and grossed $70 million for famine-starved Africa Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction; The Flying Change by Henry Taylor captured the prize for poetry Major movie openings included Amadeus, The Killing Fields, Places in the Heart, Beverly Hills Cop, Ghostbusters, The Gods Must Be Crazy, The Karate Kid and Terminator Microsoft Corporation released the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0 Mike Tyson won his first world boxing title by defeating Trevor Berbick Milk cartons with photos of missing children, the Ford Taurus, a female Harlem Globetrotter, Wrestlemania and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame all made their first appearance Minolta released the Maxxum 7000, world’s first autofocus single-lens reflex camera Missing children’s photos on milk cartons, the Ford Taurus, a female Harlem Globetrotter, a congressman in space and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame all made their first appearance More than 2,000 people died in plane crashes, the worst year in civilian air travel Movie premieres included Out of Africa, The Color Purple, Kiss of the Spider Woman, Back to the Future, Rambo, and The Breakfast Club National debt passed $2 trillion—twice the level in 1981 New York transit fares rose from $0.75 to $1.00 New Zealand refused to allow a U.S. warship entry into its waters on the grounds that it contained nuclear arms News Corporation completed its acquisition of the Metromedia group of companies, NeXT was founded by Steve Jobs after he resigned from Apple Computer Nintendo Entertainment System, including the Super Mario Bros. pack-in game, was released Nobel peace prize went to the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, founded by two cardiologists, one at Harvard, the other in Moscow Nostalgia was big in the music industry with Bruce Springsteen’s “Glory Days” and “My Hometown,” Bryan Adams’s “Summer of ‘69,” and the Jefferson Starship’s “We Built This City” Number of Barbie dolls surpassed the American population Office Depot, one of the first office supply warehouse-type stores, opened in Lauderdale Lakes, Florida Official observance of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Birthday, the Honda Acura, the onestick Popsicle and the outdoor testing of genetically engineered plants all made their first appearance Olympics produced a record $150 million surplus after being run as a private enterprise for the first time Out of Africa won Best Picture at the 58th Annual Academy Awards Parents and local school boards fought over keeping AIDS-afflicted children in public schools Pete Rose became the all-time hit leader in Major League Baseball with his 4,192nd hit at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati Phrase “Where’s the Beef?” became a national slogan of exasperation, thanks to a Wendy’s Hamburgers television advertisement

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Two: Historical Snapshots / Mid 1980s

• Pixar Animation Studios opened • President Reagan sold the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record $3 million • President Reagan, during a voice check for a radio broadcast, remarked, “My fellow Americans, I’m • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

pleased to tell you today that I’ve signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes” President Ronald Reagan called for an international ban on chemical weapons President Ronald Reagan proclaimed in his State of the Union speech, “America is back standing tall, looking to the eighties with courage, confidence and hope” President Ronald Reagan sold the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record $3 million Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, Lonesome Dove, by Larry McMurtry, was published Reagan administration threatened to withdraw aid from nations that advocated abortion Rock Hudson became one of the first public figures to acknowledge his battle with AIDS, raising public awareness of the disease Route 66 was officially decommissioned Scientists of the British Antarctic Survey announced the discovery of the ozone hole Senate allowed its debates to be televised Sheep cloning, a woman walking in space, the Apple Macintosh, a state requiring seatbelts use, male bunnies at the Playboy Club and PG-13 ratings all made their first appearance Song “We Are the World” raised $50 million for African famine relief Soviet Union boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, killing the crew of seven astronauts, including schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe Space Shuttle Columbia was launched with the first Hispanic-American astronaut, Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz Sperry Rand and Burroughs merged to form Unisys, becoming the second-largest computer company Stephen King received a $3 million advance for his novel, It Steve Jobs resigned as chairman of Apple Computers Studies indicated an estimated 27 million American adults were functionally illiterate Supreme Court held that the military may enforce a uniform dress code in a case involving three men who were prohibited from wearing yarmulkes indoors Supreme Court modified the Miranda ruling to say that illegally obtained evidence was admissible in court if otherwise obtainable Supreme Court upheld affirmative-action hiring quotas Television premieres included Miami Vice; The Bill Cosby Show; Murder, She Wrote; Highway to Heaven; Spenser for Hire; The Oprah Winfrey Show; and Golden Girls Thirty-eight people died during a riot by soccer fans at the European Cup finals in Brussels Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh was sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union Tommy Hilfiger brand was established Top albums of the year included Born in the U.S.A. by Bruce Springsteen, Like a Virgin by Madonna, Private Dancer by Tina Turner and No Jacket Required by Phil Collins Trade deficit hit a record $16.5 billion Two weeks after it was stolen, the Picasso painting Weeping Woman was found in a locker at the Spencer Street Station in Melbourne, Australia U.S. Army ruled that male officers were forbidden to carry umbrellas U.S. national debt topped $1.8 trillion

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

U.S. Rabbinical Assembly of Conservative Judaism accepted women rabbis U.S. Supreme Court upheld Affirmative Action hiring quotas Unemployment rate reached 7.5 percent; the high on the Dow Jones Stock exchange was 1,287 United Kingdom and France announced plans to construct the Channel Tunnel United States became a debtor nation for the first time since 1914 Vanessa Lynn Williams became the first Miss America to resign when she surrendered her crown after nude photos of her appeared in Penthouse magazine Vice President George H. W. Bush announced that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe would become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the space shuttle Challenger Videocassette movie-rental income equaled movie theater receipts Virgin Atlantic Airways made its inaugural flight Voyager 2 space probe made its first encounter with Uranus William J. Schroeder became the first artificial heart patient to leave the hospital where his surgery had been performed Words golden parachute, leveraged buyout, and poison pill all entered the corporate Language World oil prices collapsed, bottoming out at $7.20 per barrel Worldwide, more than 2,000 people died in plane crashes, marking it the worst year in civil air travel Wreck of Titanic in the North Atlantic was located by a joint American-French expedition led by Dr. Robert Ballard and Jean-Louis Michel using side-scan sonar from RV Knorr WrestleMania debuted at Madison Square Garden Young children watched 27 hours and 21 minutes of television a week

Late 1980s • Across America, 57 percent of households had cable TV, and 66 percent owned a VCR • Allan Bloom’s book, The Closing of the American Mind, criticized the U.S. educational system and • • • • • • • • • • • •

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called for a return to “great books” in its attack on cultural relativism American lawyers averaged $914 a week; nurses, $516 and secretaries, $299 American Motors Corporation was acquired by the Chrysler Corporation Americans watched live news coverage of the Chinese and Eastern European revolutions and the San Francisco earthquake Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Phantom of the Opera opened on Broadway Andrew Wyeth, with his Helga Pictures, became the first living American painter to have a one-man show of his work in the West Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC Ansell America became the first condom manufacturer to advertise on television Approximately 35 percent of high school graduates entered college Aretha Franklin became the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame At the trial of Oliver North on charges related to the Iran-Contra Affair, the jury found North guilty of three criminal charges and not guilty of nine AZT was shown to delay the onset of AIDS B-2 Stealth bomber, felony convictions for computer-virus insertions and the Video Walkman all made their first appearance Barbara Clementine Harris was consecrated as the first female bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Two: Historical Snapshots / Late 1980s

• Baseball Commissioner Bart Giamatti banned ballplayer Pete Rose for life from the game for • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

allegedly betting on games Black teenager Tawana Brawley gained national publicity when she claimed she was raped by a group of white men; a grand jury found no evidence for the charges and called her advisors, including the Rev. Al Sharpton, “unethical” Books published included Billy Bathgate by E.L. Doctrow, Midnight by Dean Koontz, A Time to Kill by John Grisham, and A Prayer For Owen Meany by John Irving Bowing to public outrage, Congress voted to kill their scheduled 51 percent pay increase Braniff Incorporated filed for bankruptcy for the second time since 1982 Bush Administration announced a ban on imports of semiautomatic assault rifles CBS became the last American network to cease a chime intonation at the beginning of telecasts; satellite feeds had made the tones obsolete Chinese military launched a savage assault on the demonstrators in Tiananmen Square, killing an unknown number and crushing dissent in China Cocaine and crack cocaine use was up 35 percent over 1985 Congress overrode President Ronald Reagan’s veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act and restored jurisdiction over Title IX issues in athletic programs to the Office for Civil Rights Congress overrode the president’s veto of the $20 billion Clean Water Bill Congress passed $166 billion legislation to bail out the savings and loan industry Congress passed a bill to protect the jobs of whistleblowers who exposed government waste or fraud Congress passed legislation to raise the minimum wage from $3.35 to $4.25 an hour by April 1991 Congress passed the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, which provided a $166 billion bailout to failed savings and loans institutions, and overhauled regulation of the industry Controversial movie The Last Temptation of Christ, directed by Martin Scorsese, premiered despite objections by some Christian groups Danish parliament allowed legal marriage among homosexuals David Dinkins became the first African-American mayor of New York City Demonstrators at Tiananmen Square carried a Styrofoam Statue of Liberty as part of the protest against the Chinese government Dick Clark’s American Bandstand aired for the 2,751st and last time on ABC, after 30 years on the network Douglas Wilder won the Virginia governor’s race, becoming the first elected African-American governor in the United States Dow Jones Industrial Average peaked at 2,722 during August 1987, and then fell 508 points in a single day on October 19; the record drop represented $500 billion in lost equity During a visit to Berlin, Germany, President Reagan challenged Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall Eastern Air Lines machinists and baggage workers walked off the job to protest pay cuts; the airline subsequently filed for bankruptcy protection Eight airlines controlled 90 percent of the domestic market Eight-Week Cholesterol Cure, The Bonfire of the Vanities, Trump: The Art of the Deal and Swim with the Sharks without Being Eaten Alive were all bestsellers Elementary and secondary schoolteachers earned an average salary of $26,700 Exxon Valdez hit a reef off the coast of Prince William Sound in Alaska, spilling nearly 10 million gallons of oil

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This is Who We Were In The 1980s

• FBI’s promotion system was found to have systematically discriminated against its Hispanic • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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employees in both advancements and assignments Federal budget exceeded $1 trillion for the first time Field of Dreams; When Harry Met Sally; Glory; Driving Miss Daisy; Sex, Lies and Videotape; and Roger and Me premiered at movie theaters Fifty thousand people gathered at Graceland in Memphis, Tennessee, on the tenth anniversary of Elvis Presley’s death Fifty-eight-year-old artist Andy Warhol died of a heart attack after routine gallbladder surgery First bio-insecticides, designed to eliminate insects without harming the environment, were announced First Global Positioning System satellite was placed into orbit First increase in the minimum wage since 1980 was announced, from $3.15 to $3.80 per hour First National Coming Out Day was held in celebration of the second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights First of 24 Global Positioning System satellites were placed into orbit First open-air use of a genetically engineered bacteria, a frost retardant, was attempted on strawberry plants Florida rapist Tommy Lee Andrews was the first person to be convicted as a result of DNA evidence and was sentenced to 22 years in prison Former chief aid Donald Regan claimed that Nancy Reagan used astrology to plan her husband’s activities Former national security aides Oliver L. North and John M. Poindexter and two businessmen were indicted in the Iran-Contra affair Forty states restricted smoking in public buildings, restaurants and schools following the Surgeon General’s warnings on the negative impact of secondhand smoke Fox TV network made its prime-time debut, marking the first time since 1955 that four networks filled the U.S. prime-time television landscape; the network debuted two shows, Married...with Children and The Tracey Ullman Show Fundamentalists picketed The Last Temptation of Christ; the film was an unexpected financial success George H. W. Bush succeeded Ronald Reagan as the 41st U.S. president Harris Trust and Savings Bank of Chicago settled a government enforcement action by agreeing to pay $14 million in back pay to women and minorities, the largest such settlement ever obtained from a single employer Harvard scientists obtained the first animal patent for a genetically engineered mouse with immune properties HBO’s Comedy Channel (soon to be Comedy Central) debuted Heidi Chronicles by Wendy Wasserstein won the Pulitzer Prize for drama; the Anchorage Daily News won the public service award for its reports on alcoholism and suicide among native Alaskans Hong Kong announced a clampdown on “boat people,” saying newly arriving Vietnamese refugees would be incarcerated and returned to Vietnam if they could not prove that they had fled religious or political persecution Hungary proclaimed itself a republic and declared an end to Communist rule In a meeting off the coast of Malta, President Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev released statements indicating that the Cold War between their nations may have been coming to an end In Alaska’s Prince William Sound the Exxon Valdez spilled 240,000 barrels of oil after running aground

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Two: Historical Snapshots / Late 1980s

• In Charlotte, North Carolina, televangelist Jim Bakker, head of PTL Ministries, resigned after • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

admitting having an affair with church secretary Jessica Hahn In Chicago, U.S. veterans protested at the Art Institute where the American flag was draped on the floor In Edwards v. Aguillard, the Supreme Court ruled that a Louisiana law requiring that creation science be taught in public schools whenever evolution was taught was unconstitutional In Super Bowl XXI, the New York Giants defeated the Denver Broncos 39-20 In Texas v. Johnson, the Supreme Court ruled that burning the U.S. flag was protected under the First Amendment In women’s fashion, Calvin Klein’s lean and refined look included soft fabrics with little or no jewelry Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini called on Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses, a novel Khomeini condemned as blasphemous Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini died Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini encouraged Muslims to kill The Satanic Verses author Salman Rushdie Jerry Jones bought the NFL Dallas Cowboys for $143 million July Fourth birthday party for the Statue of Liberty included a 40,000-piece fireworks display; the total cost was $30 million Kenya called for a worldwide ban on trading ivory Last of the known dusky seaside sparrows died of old age, marking the extinction of the species Last Ohrbach’s department store closed in New York City after 64 years of operation Longest peacetime period of economic expansion reached its eighty-fifth month in December; per capita income was up 19 percent since 1982 Lt. Col. Oliver North was found guilty of felony in the Iran-Contra affair Macintosh II, Kodak Fling, Spuds MacKenzie and Captain Power toys that interacted with the TV show all made their first appearance Matt Groening’s The Simpsons debuted as a series of short, animated segments on The Tracey Ullman Show Michael Jackson released his third solo album, Bad Microsoft released Windows 2.0 Microsoft surpassed Lotus to become the number one computer software vendor More than 300,000 demonstrators marched in Washington, DC, in support of legal abortions Movie Batman grossed $250 million, the fifth-highest in movie history Movie Rain Man won the Academy Award for best picture National debt was $2.684 trillion, more than 26 times the figure in 1980 New South African President F.W. de Klerk, permitted apartheid marches and released some political prisoners New York Mafiosi Anthony “Fat Tony” Salerno and Carmine Peruccia were sentenced to 100 years in prison for racketeering Ninety percent of major corporations reported sexual harassment complaints Novel Beloved by Toni Morrison was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction, while the Charlotte Observer (NC) won the prize for public service for its coverage of the Praise the Lord scandal Office Depot, one of the first office supply warehouse-type stores, opened in Lauderdale Lakes, Florida Original script for the movie Citizen Kane was sold at auction for $210,000 Panamanians voted out General Manuel Noriega, but he refused to step down, causing the use of military force to oust him

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Philip Morris bought Kraft for $12.9 billion Phrase “couch potato” came into popular usage Popular songs included The B-52s’ “Love Shack,” Billy Joel’s “We Didn’t Start the President Bush and the governors of the 50 states met at the University of Virginia to discuss education policy President George H. W. Bush named William Bennett as the first Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy President Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act, a measure providing $20,000 payments to Japanese-Americans interned by the U.S. government during World War II President Ronald Reagan addressed the American people on the Iran-Contra Affair, and acknowledged that his overtures to Iran had “deteriorated” into an arms-for-hostages deal Professional baseball player Mark McGwire set a rookie record for hitting home runs, smashing 49 Professional heavyweight boxer Mike Tyson’s fight with Michael Spinks produced a $40 million gate; Spinks was knocked out in one round Prozac made its debut in the United States Pulitzer Prize for history was awarded to Taylor Branch’s Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-1963 Research studies showed that children from smaller families attained a better education than did children from larger families Rev. Barbara Harris became the first female bishop of the Episcopal Church Reverend Barbara C. Harris became the first woman consecrated as a bishop in the Episcopal Church Robots were used for picking fruit Romania’s hard-line Communist ruler, Nicolae Ceausescu, was ousted in a popular Scientific experiments on the Shroud of Turin indicated that it dated from the Middle Ages, not from the time of Christ’s death Scientists speculated that the New World Peruvian architecture could be as old as the Egyptian pyramids Scientists speculated that the New World Peruvian architecture could be as old as the Egyptian pyramids Sears celebrated its 100th anniversary Sixty percent of American kitchens had microwave ovens; 40 percent of the food dollar was spent eating out Some 2,500 veterans and supporters marched at the Art Institute of Chicago to demand the removal of an American flag placed on the floor as part of a student’s exhibit Sony purchased Columbia Pictures, sparking concerns about a Japanese invasion of Hollywood Soviet Union announced that all of its troops had left Afghanistan Spending for cultural events topped $3.4 billion, exceeding spectator sports for the first time Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announced that they had achieved cold fusion at the University of Utah Stock market plunged 508 points in one day (October 19), the largest drop in history Supertanker Exxon Valdez ran into Bligh Reef in Alaska’s Prince William Sound and spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil Supreme Court ruled that public school officials had broad powers to censor school newspapers, school plays and other “school-sponsored expressive activities” Supreme Court unanimously upheld a New York City law making it illegal for private clubs to exclude women and minorities

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Two: Historical Snapshots / Late 1980s

• Supreme Court upheld Affirmative Action hiring quotas • Surgeon General C. Everett Koop told President Ronald Reagan he would not issue a report on the health risks of abortion

• Television show Seinfeld premiered • Television’s top programs included Roseanne, The Cosby Show, Cheers, A Different World, Dear John, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

The Wonder Years and Golden Girls The Last Emperor won best picture at the 60th Annual Academy Awards ceremony; Cher won best actress for Moonstruck, while Michael Douglas won best actor for Wall Street Thousands of civil rights marchers gathered in Washington, D.C., for the 25th anniversary of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech Time and Warner Communications announced plans for a merger, forming Time Warner Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc. announced a deal to merge into the world’s largest media and entertainment conglomerate Toni Morrison’s Beloved won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction; David Herbert Donald won the biography prize for Look Homeward: The Life of Thomas Wolfe TV sitcom Roseanne premiered U.N. Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar announced a ceasefire between Iran and Iraq U.S. auto makers produced 13 million cars and trucks U.S. military detonated an atomic weapon at the Nevada Test Site U.S. national debt topped $2 billion U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued a patent to Harvard University for a genetically engineered mouse, the first patent granted for an animal life form U.S. Protestants numbered 53 million in more than 23,000 churches U.S. savings and loan industry lost $13.4 billion U.S. Senate rejected a proposed constitutional amendment barring desecration of the American flag Under a new law, three Americans became the first foreign lawyers permitted to practice in Japan Union Carbide agreed to pay $470 million to the government of India in a court-ordered settlement of the 1984 Bhopal gas leak disaster United States sent troops into Panama to topple the government of General Manuel Noriega Van Cliburn made a successful comeback after 11 years, playing the Liszt and Tchaikovsky piano concertos in Philadelphia and Dallas West German citizens were permitted to visit East Germany without visas When sports coverage of the U.S. Tennis Open intruded into the traditional news time, journalist Dan Rather stormed off the set; TV screens were blank for six minutes When the board of trustees at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., a liberal arts college for the deaf, selected a hearing woman to be school president, outraged students shut down the campus and forced the selection of a deaf president Women accounted for nearly half of all graduating accountants, one third of MBAs and one quarter of lawyers World Health Organization estimated the number of AIDS cases would increase from 450,000 to five million by the year 2000 World Wrestling Entertainment presented WrestleMania III in the Pontiac Silverdome in Detroit, Michigan, attended by over 90,000 that set an all-time indoor attendance record

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Section Three: Economy Of The Times

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This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

SECTION THREE: ECONOMY OF THE TIMES Despite a steady increase in the annual income of Americans from 1980 to 1989, there was also an increase in the cost of basic utilities and consumer goods due to inflation. Economy of the Times illustrates three economic elements: Consumer Expenditures; Annual Income of Standard Jobs; and Selected Prices. We highlighted three years for each category—1982, 1985, and 1988. The Value of a Dollar chart at the end of the section shows the change in the value of $1.00 yearly, from 1860 to 2015.

Consumer Expenditures The numbers below are per capita expenditures in the years 1982, 1985, 1988 for all employees nationwide. Category

1982

1985

1988

Auto Parts

$64.88

$72.34

$79.53

$1,034.58

$1,153.58

$1,268.29

Clothing

$435.45

$485.54

$533.82

Dentists

$74.94

$83.56

$91.87

$1,662.57

$1,853.81

$2,038.70

$90.45

$100.85

$110.88

$405.30

$451.92

$496.15

$77.09

$85.96

$93.70

$1,339.96

$1,494.09

$1,642.55

Intercity Transport

$77.09

$85.96

$94.32

Local Transport

$23.26

$25.94

$28.13

New Auto Purchase

$229.57

$255.98

$282.16

Personal Business

$525.91

$586.40

$655.71

Personal Care

$127.92

$167.32

$184.05

Physicians

$237.76

$265.11

$292.96

Private Education and Research

$179.61

$200.27

$220.39

Recreation

$603.00

$672.36

$740.22

Religion/Welfare Activities

$206.31

$230.04

$252.88

Telephone and Telegraph

$151.18

$168.57

$185.33

Tobacco

$104.66

$116.70

$128.30

Utilities

$425.55

$474.50

$522.31

$8,869.32

$9,889.52

$10,872.96

Auto Usage

Food Furniture Gas and Oil Health Insurance Housing

Per Capita Consumption

173

Section Three: Economy Of The Times / Consumer Expenditures

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This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Three: Economy Of The Times / Annual Income of Standard Jobs

Annual Income of Standard Jobs The numbers below are annual income for standard jobs across America in the years 1982, 1985, and 1988. Category

1982

1985

1988

Bituminous Coal Mining

$29,110.00

$34,837.00

$36,660.00

Building Trades

$21,868.00

$23,590.00

$25,872.00

Domestics

$10,260.00

$7,072.00

$11,353.00

Farm Labor

$8,781.00

$7,228.00

$10,472.00

Federal Civilian

$24,452.00

$25,591.00

$29,957.00

Federal Employees, Executive Departments

$20,689.00

$26,598.00

$28,725.00

Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate

$18,966.00

$22,308.00

$27,716.00

Gas, Electricity, and Sanitation Workers

$26,185.00

$31,096.00

$35,308.00

Manufacturing, Durable Goods

$22,256.00

$23,868.00

$29,170.00

Manufacturing, Nondurable Goods

$19,272.00

$20,800.00

$25,407.00

Medical/Health Services Workers

$17,861.00

$18,668.00

$25,665.00

Miscellaneous Manufacturing

$16,680.00

$18,200.00

$20,904.00

Motion Picture Services

$21,452.00

$27,040.00

$27,716.00

Nonprofit Organization Workers

$11,971.00

$11,440.00

$15,635.00

Passenger Transportation Workers, Local and Highway $15,224.00

$12,589.00

$17,356.00

Personal Services

$11,752.00

$10,088.00

$14,758.00

Private Industries, Including Farm Labor

$15,721.00

$18,534.00

$23,794.00

Public School Teachers

$18,061.00

$20,973.00

$23,992.00

Radio Broadcasting and Television Workers

$22,550.00

$25,064.00

$30,857.00

Railroad Workers

$29,692.00

$23,036.00

$40,862.00

State and Local Government Workers

$17,762.00

$18,363.00

$24,284.00

Telephone and Telegraph Workers

$27,313.00

$29,276.00

$37,210.00

175

Section Three: Economy Of The Times / Selected Prices

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Selected Prices 1982 Air Conditioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$299.00 Automobile, Cadillac Eldorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$19,700.00 Automobile, Honda Civic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7,517.00 Automobile, Pontiac Firebird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$6,132.00 BassTracker1Boat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,795.00 Beef Jerky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.99 Beef Roast, Sirloin Top Round, per Pound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.89 Beer, Pabst 12-Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3.19 Beer, 12-Pack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3.19 Bicycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$179.99 Blouse, Polyester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$12.00 Boat, Bass Tracker1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,795.00 Briefcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$89.99 Cabela Camouflage Hunting Suit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$74.95 Caftan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$22.00 Canvas-Cloth Work Gloves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$6.49 Casting Reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$95.00 Cigars, Cuban Sampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10.90 Circus Ticket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$8.50 Computer, IBM, 256RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,795.00 Cranapple Juice, Oceanspray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$0.93 Fan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$34.99 Fishing Tackle Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$89.95 Footlocker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$49.99

176

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Section Three: Economy Of The Times / Selected Prices

Game, FisherPrice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.97 Gas Grill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$179.99 Golf Balls, Spalding Top-Flite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$13.99 Golf Clubs, Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$219.99 Heater, Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$289.95 Kero-Sun Omni Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$289.95 Knee Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$5.99 Knife, Six-Inch Chef’s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10.00 L.L.Bean Chamois Cloth Shirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$18.25 Lawn Mower, Craftsman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$299.99 Leather Boots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$102.95 Macintosh Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,788.00 Milk, Half Gallon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.01 Pork Loin, per Pound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$0.99 Printer, Epson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$239.00 Rental Car, Budget, per Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$44.95 Rifle, 177 Caliber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$299.50 Rollerblades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$24.99 Roller Skates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$24.99 Screwdriver, Stanley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$14.95 Seiko Ladies’ Wristwatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$84.95 Sharp Video Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$359.50 Shirt, L.L. Bean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$18.25 Shotgun, 12-Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,200.00 Telephone, Cordless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$139.95 Truck, Dodge Ram 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$5,999.00 Turco Saratoga Gas Grill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$179.99

177

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Turntable, Sony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$200.00 Vacuum Cleaner, Eureka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$39.95 Video Camera, Sharp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$359.50 Video Game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$54.95 Video Game Home Arcade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$299.95 Washing Machine, Kenmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$529.95 Window Fan, Two-Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$34.99 Wing-Tip, Oxford Men’s Shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$39.99 Work Shirt, Man’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.95 Wristwatch, Seiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$84.95 1985 Apple IIGS Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$795.00 Arvin Heater, Fan-Forced Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$23.88 AT&T Reachout America, Baby’s First Shoes, Bronze-Plated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5.99 Ballet Ticket to The Nutcracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$18.00 Bicycle, Aero Urban Cowboy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$600.00 Briefcase, Leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$565.00 Camcorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$994.00 Car Phone, Metrocom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$995.00 Clogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$19.95 Coca-Cola, Two-Liter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.00 Compact Disc Player. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$229.95 Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$895.00 Computer Chess Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$149.00 Disposable Diapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$16.46 Doll, Playskool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$24.97

178

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Section Three: Economy Of The Times / Selected Prices

Dove Bar Ice Cream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.45 Epson Printer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$429.00 Floppy Disks, Fuji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.95 Fuji Diskettes, 5.5" DS/DD, per Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.95 Guitar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$89.99 Ice Cream, Dove Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.45 Kodak 3440 Camcorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$893.00 Light Bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$4.00 Liqueur, Kahlua, Bottle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.97 Martini for Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.08 Metrocom Car Phone, Hands-Free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$995.00 Microwave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$199.99 Milk, Two Percent, Plastic Carton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.59 Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$119.95 Movie Ticket, Lady and the Tramp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2.00 One Hour of Long-Distance Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.45 Pen & Pencil Set, Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$30.00 Player and Recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$37.00 Shirt, Man’s Velour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$14.92 Shirt, Men’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$15.88 Silk Spider Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$54.99 Sweatshirt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$19.95

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Section Three: Economy Of The Times / Selected Prices

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Synthesizer, Yamaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$188.88 Tape Rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$8.99 Television Satellite Dish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,995.00 Tuna, 6.5-Ounce Can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$0.59 Walkman, Sony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$19.95 1988 Adirondack Chair and Ottoman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$119.95 Alcohol, Double Martini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.08 Audiotape, Sony, Three-Pack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7.99 Azalea, Six-inch Pot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3.99 Ballet Ticket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$18.00 Bed Pillow, Hermes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$75.00 Beer, Michelob, per Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.95 Bicycle Child Carrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$14.99 Bicycle, Aero Urban Cowboy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$600.00 Bicycle, Boy’s 20-Inch Challenger BMX Bike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$59.99 Camcorder, Sharp 8x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1799.99 Car Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$995.00 Car Radio, Alpine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$199.00 Cash Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$179.99

180

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Three: Economy Of The Times / Selected Prices

Cereal, Kellogg’s Corn Flakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.59 Chain, 14-Karat Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$79.00 Chicken Pot Pies, Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$0.99 Coffee Maker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$25.00 Coffee, per Pound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2.92 Compact Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$11.99 Compact Disc Player, Technics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$229.95 Computer Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$149.00 Computer Printer, Epson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$429.00 Computer, Apple IIGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$795.00 Corn, Five Ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.00 Currency Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$32.00 Disposable Diaper, Pampers, Each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$0.21 Easter Lily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$4.99 Exercise Machine, Nordic Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$399.99 Floppy Disks, Fuji, per Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$9.95 Glue Gun, Craftsman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$24.99 Grandfather Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$280.00 Ground Beef, per Pound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.71 Gun Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$19.99 Hammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$10.99 Hosiery, Ladies’, Three Pairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$8.07 Ice Cream, Dove Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.45 Lawn Chair, Adirondack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$129.00 Light Bulb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$4.00 Literary Guild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.00 Luggage Carrier, X-cargo Rooftop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$169.99 Microwave, Kenmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$199.99 Olive Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$8.28 Panty Hose, Three Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$8.07 Perfume, Jovan Andron, per Ounce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,750.00 Pillow, Hermes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$75.00 Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$299.99 Set of Four. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$675.00 Shoes, Naturalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$45.00 Silk Azalea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$24.99 Silk Spider Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$54.99 Socks, Child’s, Six-Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$4.99 Sofa Bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$799.00 Soft Drink, Coke, Two-Liter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1.00 Sweater, Men’s Long Sleeve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$29.25 Sweatshirt, Man’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$18.95 Synthesizer, Yamaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$188.88 Television Satellite Dish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,995.00 Television, Sony Watchman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$95.00 Vacuum Cleaner, Mini-Vac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$44.88 Water Heater, Kenmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$89.99

181

Section Three: Economy Of The Times / The Value of a Dollar

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

The Value of a Dollar, 1860-201 Composite Consumer Price Index; 1860=1

Year 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898

182

Amount $1.00 $1.06 $1.22 $1.52 $1.89 $1.96 $1.92 $1.78 $1.71 $1.64 $1.58 $1.47 $1.47 $1.45 $1.37 $1.32 $1.29 $1.26 $1.20 $1.20 $1.23 $1.23 $1.23 $1.22 $1.18 $1.17 $1.13 $1.14 $1.14 $1.11 $1.09 $1.09 $1.09 $1.08 $1.04 $1.01 $1.01 $1.00 $1.00

Year 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937

Amount $1.00 $1.01 $1.02 $1.04 $1.06 $1.07 $1.06 $1.08 $1.13 $1.11 $1.10 $1.14 $1.14 $1.17 $1.19 $1.20 $1.22 $1.31 $1.54 $1.82 $2.08 $2.41 $2.16 $2.02 $2.06 $2.06 $2.11 $2.13 $2.09 $2.06 $2.06 $2.01 $1.83 $1.65 $1.57 $1.61 $1.65 $1.67 $1.73

Year 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

Amount Year Amount $1.70 1977 $7.30 $1.67 1978 $7.85 $1.69 1979 $8.74 $1.77 1980 $9.97 $1.96 1981 $10.94 $2.08 1982 $11.62 $2.12 1983 $11.99 $2.17 1984 $12.50 $2.35 1985 $12.95 $2.68 1986 $13.20 $2.90 1987 $13.67 $2.87 1988 $14.24 $2.90 1989 $14.92 $3.13 1990 $15.72 $3.19 1991 $16.38 $3.22 1992 $16.88 $3.24 1993 $17.38 $3.23 1994 $17.83 $3.28 1995 $18.33 $3.39 1996 $18.88 $3.48 1997 $19.32 $3.50 1998 $19.63 $3.56 1999 $20.06 $3.60 2000 $20.74 $3.64 2001 $21.32 $3.68 2002 $21.66 $3.73 2003 $22.16 $3.79 2004 $22.76 $3.90 2005 $23.53 $4.02 2006 $24.29 $4.19 2007 $24.97 $4.42 2008 $25.91 $4.67 2009 $25.81 $4.88 2010 $26.22 $5.03 2011 $27.06 $5.35 2012 $27.63 $5.93 2013 $28.05 $6.47 2014 $28.49 $6.85

SECTION FOUR: ALL AROUND US This section offers a ringside seat to the issues and attitudes that were 1980s America. These 29 documents, listed in chronological order below, come from newspapers and magazines of the time. They show how America’s changing ideas on education, politics, music, sports, immigration, and health were shaped.

“Homecoming Album for a Hostage, the Year Jimmy Lopez Missed,” by Anne Fadiman, Life, December 1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 “Education, A Case of Despair,” by Ronald L. Goldfarb, The Iowa State University Press, 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 “How Software Is Manufactured,” Inc., January 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 “Prab Robots Inc. Keeps It Simple,” Inc., June 1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 “A Moon-Made Match, Two of the Reverend’s Disciples Embark on a ‘Spiritual Blind Date,’” by Anne Fadiman, Life, August 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 “Country Balladeer to Give Acoustic Concert in SF,” Santa Fe New Mexican, December 24, 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 “Top 100,” Inc., 1982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 “Reagan’s Case Against the Freeze,” excerpts from a speech by President Ronald Reagan to the Los Angeles World Affairs Council, March 31, 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 “Cries of Plague for Mysterious AIDS,” by Loudon Wainwright, Life, July 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 “6-Month Surge in AIDS Reported,” UPI, August 5, 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 “107 Immigrants Arrested As Illegal in Jersey Raid,” Associated Press, August 20, 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 “The Battle for Grenada, American Troops Take Charge on the Island but Face Surprisingly Stiff Opposition,” Newsweek, November 7, 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196 “Grenada Syndrome,” by Michael T. Klare, The Nation, November 12, 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 “Grenada’s Gain, Our Loss,” Editorial in Commonweal, November 18, 1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 “The Meaning of Grenada,” National Review, November 25, 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 “Defense Key in Playoffs,” The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland), December 26, 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 “The Lucrative Little LBO Shops: Who Needs Mega-Mergers?” by Solveig Jansson, Institutional Investor, August 22, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 “High Blood Pressure? It May Be in Your Genes,” Business Week, April 3, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 “Broncos, Saints Inspire Opposite in Fans,” The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland), November 15, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 “Football Fanatics Set Record Straight,” Salina Journal (Kansas), December 12, 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

183

Section Four: All Around Us

This is Who We Were In The 1980s

“Michael Jackson Inks Multimillion-Dollar Deal With Pepsi,” Rolling Stone, June 19, 1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 “The Rod Stewart Concert Video, Video News,” Rolling Stone, June 19, 1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 “0.5 Percent of Families Found to Hold 35 Percent of Wealth,” by Michael Wines, Los Angeles Times, July 26, 1986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 “Gold Medal Gear,” Popular Mechanics, March 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 “Great Expectations,” Forbes, April 18, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210 “Twins Scott and Stuart Gentling Sell off a High-Priced Audubon and Give Wing to Their Own Bird Book,” People, June 15, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211 “Dining on an Ancient Hilltop,” Bon Appetit, November, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 “Looking for Dedication? Cross Country Sets the Pace,” by Bob Frisk, Chicago Daily Herald, November 11, 1988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 “Securing Participants Keeps Coaches on the Run,” by Ira Josephs, Doyleston Intelligencer (Pennsylvania), August 27, 1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

184

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efefefef “Homecoming Album for a Hostage, the Year Jimmy Lopez Missed,” by Anne Fadiman, Life, December 1980 On November 4, 1979, Sergeant James Lopez of the U.S. Marine Corps was taken hostage at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. He was 21. Until 1977, when he joined the Marines, Jimmy Lopez had spent most of his life in Globe, Ariz., a mining town of 7,900 in the foothills of the Pinal Mountains, 80 miles east of Phoenix. He was the starting left guard of the Globe High School football team, played cornet and trumpet in the band and is remembered by his classmates as a distinguished Saturday night carouser. Once named Marine of the Month and twice offered officers’ training (he declined, wishing to work his way up in the ranks), Jimmy was posted to Iran in August 1979 as an embassy guard. Jimmy is the third of six children. His father Jesse Lopez is a timekeeper for Kennecott Copper. His mother Mary works part-time keeping accounts for the Arizona Republic. Like many residents of Globe, both are second-generation Mexican-Americans. Jimmy’s oldest brother Rick is an officer with the Globe police force (his wife Velia is a former truck driver). Anna is 27, a training coordinator at Inspiration Copper... Danny, 19, is, like Jimmy, a Marine-a lance corporal working as an avionics technician at the Marine Corps Air Station in El Toro, California. Lori, 17, is a senior at Globe High. Marcie, 10, is in the fifth grade at Holy Angels School... Mary: I found out when I was driving home from work, just driving around the block here when I turned the radio on and I heard, “Terror in Iran-Tehran embassy has been overrun!” I hadn’t even realized I was driving fast, but the children said they heard the car just screech to a halt outside. Lori: We found out that afternoon that Jimmy was one of the hostages for sure. Mom was on the phone with the newspaper and she just hit her fist down on the table and got this real blank look. It was real cold, just starting the winter season, and I remember sitting outside, looking up into the mountains, and trying to picture him there in my mind and thinking, “Oh, God, what are they doing to him?” Velia: The night before, Rick and I had finally decided to get married, and when we came over with the good news everyone was crying. “Jimmy has been taken hostage,” said Mary. So we changed our wedding plans. We’d intended to get married at Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament, a big wedding with a long dress and everything, but instead we ended up just going to the justice of the peace. Jesse: I started smoking that day. I’d never smoked before and now I’ve smoked for a year. Mary: Jesse wouldn’t eat. He didn’t eat one bite until Danny came home and said, “Old man, you sit down right here and eat that chicken or I’m gonna get it and stuff it down your mouth.”

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Danny: When I came home I started drinking too much, got in too many fights. A friend of mine and I beat each other up right in front of the Catholic Church. At home Mom was always in tears, and that I could hack, but when I saw my father put his head in his hands and cry, I went in the bathroom and pulled the towel rack right off the wall. Mary: I don’t know what happened to us, we all started sleeping in the living room. We couldn’t sleep anyway, and Marcie would keep turning up in my bed or Lori’s bed, so we just spread out bedrolls together on the floor and slept that way for a month. Anna: Two weeks after it happened Lynn and I went to a Marriage Encounter weekend, which is designed to make good marriages even better. I didn’t want to go but we had it planned, so we went ahead. And it really helped me. You know, you have so much pent up inside, you have to let it out somehow. Mary: I stopped cooking, and yet there was always a meal on the table. People would just bring things by. But Thanksgiving Day I made turkey and all the trimmings just like I usually do. There’s this special salad I always make. It’s got shredded lettuce, shredded carrots, olives, green onions, pickles, all mixed up with mayonnaise, and the kids just love it. But no one really enjoyed it. When we sat down at the table, Danny said he’d say grace. But then he continued to say a prayer for his brother and that just did us all in... Lori: I used to write Jimmy a lot. I sent a lot of cards because a card has more color in it, to make it brighter-but I ran out of things to say. You feel guilty telling him about the things you’re doing. Mary: At Easter we got a message out through one of the clergymen. It’s the last one we’ve gotten, and we hadn’t known if he’s gotten our letters. He said he had a terrific craving for a beef tamale. Typical Jimmy. And then we saw him in a film the militants had made. He was taking Holy Communion, and when we saw it we hardly recognized him. Marcie: It didn’t even look like him. The Jimmy I know is nice and bulky. He was so thin. Danny: When I first heard about the rescue attempt in April, first I thought, “Damn, it didn’t work.” And then I thought, “Those guys, they died for my brother, trying to save my brother, and that’s all that matters to me. They died for him and they didn’t even know this man.” And that’s when I came to be proud. It takes one hell of a man to say, “Hey, I’ll do it,” because it’s the same thing Jimmy did.

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“Education, A Case of Despair,” by Ronald L. Goldfarb, The Iowa State University Press, 1981 Education is the classic route out of poverty. A painful reality is that the very migrancy of these farm workers often forecloses this route to their children. Inherent in the migrant life is the special problem of educating the young. When always on the move, there can be no stable school life for children; their children are constantly in and out of different schools. When they are attending, they are strangers, often marked by language and cultural differences. They usually are without friends and meaningful associations. Migrant children are hungry and without necessary books and supplies; they usually can be found in the worst facilities, in places not conducive to a good educational experience. They have no assistance at home because their parents are away all day and often are without means and abilities to be helpful when they return. These children are strangers in a hard and puzzling world.

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“How Software Is Manufactured,” Inc., January 1982 “It is important to distinguish between software authors and publishers, though they may overlap. The author writes the program itself, which involves a dogged attention to detail that may require long stretches of 18-hour days until a program is completed. The author writes step-by-step instructions telling the computer exactly how to execute a task. Computers operate by recognizing either the presence or absence of an electrical impulse, so they can only manipulate long strings of yes or no commands. That means the programmer can’t leave anything to the imagination. Each step in a task must be spelled out in excruciating detail. The finished program ends up as a series of encoded lines of computer instructions that, if written out line by line, would fill dozens of pages of text; it’s usually stored on a compact 5.5-inch magnetic disk. ‘Once a program is completed to the programmer’s satisfaction, he typically submits it on a disk to a publisher,’ says Harris Landgarten, director of software applications at Lifeboat Associates. The program, along with the documentation (the manual that describes the program and how to use it), is evaluated for its sales potential, its probable markets, and its user-friendliness. The author and publisher then negotiate a contract in which the author assigns the publication rights to the publisher for either a flat fee or a royalty of 15 percent to 30 percent of the retail price of the program. If they can come to an agreement, both parties work on perfecting the program (called ‘working out the bugs,’ in the jargon of the trade). The software is tested, usually by both an in-house staff (called alphatesters) and by outsiders (called beta-testers), and the manual is typeset and printed. Finally, the program is mass-produced on disks or tapes in formats compatible with the operating systems of different microcomputers.

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A software author may opt to self-publish. A number of authors have been successful enough to establish and build companies that specialize in writing programs and have started to publish their own products. And, with sophisticated programming languages like Microsoft BASIC and the increased accessibility of personal computers, many non-technical people have learned how to program computers well enough to create useful software for specialized purposes. Duplicating a diskette is a simple operation: In minutes just about anyone can turn a blank $2 disk into a $50 to $500 program disk."

efefefef “Prab Robots Inc. Keeps It Simple,” Inc., June 1982 “Prab Robots Inc. of Kalamazoo, Michigan, is noteworthy among robot manufacturers. It has been involved from the outset with smaller companies, and 60 to 80 percent of its business is with companies not in the automotive industries. ‘I think we have as broad, if not a broader, base than anyone in the game,’ says Prab president Jack Wallace. The company owes not only its success to smaller businesses-during 1981 it sold about 180 units, and had revenues of $17.8 million and net earnings of $740,000, a one-year increase of 161 percent-but its existence as well. In 1961, Wallace was fired from his job as general manager of the Hapman Corp., a small manufacturer of industrial conveyors. His response was to get together with another Hapman employee, Charles Larson, raise some money, and buy a competitor, Prab Conveyors, Inc. The company, founded in 1959 by Peter Ruppe and Allen Bodycomb (whose initials yielded PRAB), specialized in the production of equipment used to transport and process scrap metal. Attempting to expand his market base, Wallace got involved in the die-casting industry, a fortuitous turn of events, since it exposed him to robotics technology. ‘The classic scheme in die casting was to drop the hot parts from the die-casting machine into a water tank and have a conveyor down there to convey them to a trimming machine. We made a lot of conveyors like that,’ says Wallace. ‘The first robot we saw-it was a Unimate-was in a die-casting plant, and we were told it was going to put us out of the conveyor business.’ Wallace was pretty sure that wouldn’t happen, and he was also sure that the unit was overkill for the application. ‘Our people came back and said, “Let’s make something for half the price that will do the job.” That’s how we got started.’ The principle has remained intact as the company has grown. ‘We don’t believe in pushing technology,’ says Wallace. ‘We’re pushing results.’ The firm’s current advertising slogan makes the same point: ‘Prab Robots Inc. keeps it simple.’ It was natural that Prab sell to small companies. Its robots were uncomplicated, it had started out with smaller firms, and was a small company itself. ‘An order for 200 robots would have killed us back then,’ says Wallace. ‘The other companies devoted most of their time to going after the automotive spot-welding lines; we’ve devoted our time to going after the one-here, two-there applications,’ says Prab vice president Walt Weisel. ‘Our biggest user doesn’t have more than 20 machines.’ “

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Whitney Houston

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“A Moon-Made Match, Two of the Reverend’s Disciples Embark on a ‘Spiritual Blind Date,’” by Anne Fadiman, Life, August 1982 “It was a moment for misty eyes: the radiant, young bride-to-be, the homemade wedding dress, the hush of anticipation as she tried on the veil . . . but wait. What was the cloud of tulle on the floor? More veils? To be exact, 2,074 of them-and each one identical to her own. Nina Perry’s wedding was going to be, as she says, ‘a little different.’ Nina is a Moonie, and along with 4,149 other Unification Church members, she would recite her vows at Madison Square Garden in the largest mass marriage in history. Moonies do not choose their own spouses. They are ‘matched’ by the Reverend Sun Myung Moon, often to people neither they nor Moon have ever met. A third of the couples were matched only seven days before their wedding. When Nina Perry modeled her gown, she did not yet know who her fiancé would be. When asked his name by an unenlightened relative, she called him Mr. X. ‘Do you love him?’ asked the relative. ‘Yes,’ replied Nina, ‘I know I will.’ ‘Reverend Moon is directly guided by the Heavenly Father,’ says Nina, ‘so I was confident that he would choose better for me than I could choose myself.’ Moon made all his decisions on the spur of the moment, allotting about two minutes per couple until 1,306 Moonies were matched. Sometimes he asked direct questions: How old are you? Where are you from? How many degrees do you have? Would you like to marry someone of a different race? Sometimes he merely looked-’right into your soul’ says Nina. Moonies may reject their matches after talking for a few minutes, though few did, since they have been told the most perfect union may be with ‘the ugly person, the hard-to-love person, the person you think you hate.’ Nina was among the first to be matched. ‘When Reverend Moon touched me,’ she says, ‘I thought, “I’m about to meet my spiritual partner, not just for the rest of my life but for eternity”-and I wasn’t even nervous. We walked down a row of brothers and as soon as Father stopped I knew it was my whoever. “What’s your name?” I asked. “Gil,” he said.’ Gilbert Alexander, a 33-year-old engineer from Perth, Australia, who had mentally prepared himself to accept ‘a toad,’ wrote in his diary that night: ‘I felt great joy and excitement beyond anything I had ever experienced. I knew without a doubt that Nina was right for me.’"

efefefef “Country Balladeer to Give Acoustic Concert in SF,” Santa Fe New Mexican, December 24, 1982 Michael Murphey’s Christmas gift to New Mexico will be a series of appearances in northern New Mexico over the next few weeks, including stops at the Kachina Lodge in Taos, Club West in Santa Fe, and the Golden Inn in Golden. The progressive country-western performer recently had the hit song “What’s Forever For.” His 10th album, Michael Martin Murphey, which features the song, has remained in the top 100 albums on popular music charts since its release five months ago. Murphey, who lives in Taos, has had several hit records over his 10-year career, including “Wildfire,” “Geronimo’s Cadillac,” and “Cherokee Fiddle.” He also was the musical supervisor, cowriter, and one of the actors in the film Hard Country.... Thursday night, Murphey will give an acoustic performance without his band at Club West. During a recent telephone interview, Murphey said he’s really looking forward to the show.

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“The acoustic shows are something I really enjoy doing. And Club West is one of the few places on earth that you can do that kind of thing and people really listen; it’s really special for me,” Murphey said “It’s something I get to do maybe just 20 times a year.” Murphey said he just recently was taped for an Austin City Limits television performance, which will probably air in February. “When Austin City Limits asked me to play, I asked if it would be all right if I just came down there with my guitar and no band at all, not even a bass player, just play solo 40 minutes on TV with no commercial interruptions. It’s a dream I’ve had my whole career to do one TV show that way. And they were very skeptical at first. They had only done one other acoustic show and it was with Chet Atkins. And no one doubts his ability to pull it off!” Murphey said with a laugh. “It worked out real well.” “There’s a myth that sometimes stuck in people’s minds that the fewer the instruments, the less the music, which really isn’t true. There’s a lot present in the guitar alone. People like Leo Kottke have proven it. Being friends with him is what inspired me to try it,” Murphey said.

efefefef “Top 100,” Inc., 1982 “There is a bright side to the economy of the past year, however, and it can be found in the 1982 Inc. 100-fourth annual ranking of the fastest-growing publicly held smaller corporations in the United States. While the giants posted a 1981 sales gain of about 12 percent, the Inc. 100 companies chalked up a vigorous 77 percent increase... Sporting nameplates from the exotic, such as HemoTec and Healthdyne, to the simple such as Liz Claiborne and Taco Charley, the ranking represents a diverse range of manufacturing, mining, and service industries. It includes 24 computer and business equipment makers, 11 oil and gas producers, nine manufacturers in the medical field, three restaurant chains, and two airlines. The elite group is headquartered in 28 states: California is the front-runner with 17 companies, followed by New York and Texas with 15 each and Minnesota with seven. Diverse as they are in industry and location, the Inc. 100 share four qualities: youth, innovation, high productivity, and a healthy bottom line. Fifty-six have incorporated since 1972, 89 have increased since 1962. On average, the Inc. 100 firms have been in business less than 12 years."

efefefef “Reagan’s Case Against the Freeze,” excerpts from a speech by President Ronald Reagan to the Los Angeles World Affairs Council, March 31, 1983 The freeze concept is dangerous for many reasons. It would preserve today’s high, unequal and unstable levels of nuclear forces and, by so doing, reduce Soviet incentives to negotiate for real reductions. It would pull the rug out from under our negotiators in Geneva, as they have testified. After all, why should the Soviets negotiate if they’ve already achieved a freeze in a position of advantage to them? Also, some think a freeze would be easy to agree on, but it raises

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enormously complicated problems of what is to be frozen, how it is to be achieved, and verified. Attempting to negotiate these critical details would only divert us from the goal of negotiating reductions for who knows how long. The freeze proposal would also make a lot more sense if a similar movement against nuclear weapons were putting similar pressures on Soviet leaders in Moscow. As former Secretary of Defense Harold Brown has pointed out: The effect of the freeze “is to put pressure on the United States, but not on the Soviet Union.” Finally, the freeze would reward the Soviets for their 15-year buildup while locking us to our existing equipment, which in many cases is obsolete and badly in need of modernization. Three-quarters of the Soviet strategic warheads are on delivery systems five years old or less. Three-quarters of the American strategic warheads are on delivery systems 15 years old or older. The time comes when everything wears out. The trouble is it comes a lot sooner for us than for them. And, under a freeze, we couldn’t do anything about it.

efefefef “Cries of Plague for Mysterious AIDS,” by Loudon Wainwright, Life, July 1983 “Assured and neat in his dark blue suit, the young man testified before a New York State Senate committee about a new and terrifying disease. ‘My life has become totally controlled by AIDS and my fight to recover,’ he said. ‘I am subject to fevers and night sweats and an unendurable fatigue. I live with the fear that every cold or sore throat or skin rash may be a sign of something more serious. At the age of 28, I wake up every morning to face the very real possibility of my own death.’ Michael Callen is one of more than 1,500 people who have been diagnosed since 1981 as having acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a complex disease of unknown origin about which fears of death are appropriate. There is no known treatment for it; only the diseases that come in its wake can be fought directly. According to some calculations, it eventually kills more than 80 percent of its victims, most within two to three years. Like 70 percent of AIDS victims, Callen is a gay male who has had many sexual partners, which suggests to researchers that the disease is transmitted sexually. But there are other possibilities. The fact that many among the rest of the ill are drug users who use needles, or hemophiliacs, who require frequent blood transfusions, suggests that it is transmitted by blood. That five percent of those with AIDS are natives of Haiti with no clear hemophilic, homosexual, or drug-use background has almost everyone puzzled. And because a very few patients seem to fit into none of the categories, many people are badly frightened.

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Their fear, of course, is that the disease, which has already been called an epidemic by authorities and is cropping up at the rate of three to five new cases a day, will be spread uncontrollably by casual, even unknowing, contacts with the general population. The fear, in fact, is quite possibly more dangerous and degrading than the pestilence."

efefefef “6-Month Surge in AIDS Reported,” UPI, August 5, 1983 The number of cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome that are reported weekly has more than doubled in the last six months, federal health officials said today. The national Centers for Disease Control said the number of cases of the disease, known as AIDS, increased to a weekly average of 53 in July, as against 24 a week in January and 11 a week in July 1982. The daily average of cases reported to the centers increased to nearly eight a day from three or four a year ago. As of Aug. 1, the federal agency said, 1,972 cases had been reported and 331, or 17 percent of the total, occurred over the last six weeks. Of all patients, 759, or 38 percent, have died. New York City reported most of the cases, with 44 percent; San Francisco had 10 percent and Los Angeles 6 percent, the agency said in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Better Cooperation Cited Dr. James Allen of the centers’ special task force for AIDS traced the increasing number of reported AIDS cases in part to better cooperation by state health departments in reporting the disease. But he added that there was also no doubt about the rising incidence. Seventy-one percent of the victims have been homosexuals. Other groups considered high risks for the disease are people who take narcotics intravenously, recent Haitian immigrants and hemophiliacs. There have been 117 cases that either did not fit into any of these groups, or the risk factors were not known.

efefefef “107 Immigrants Arrested As Illegal in Jersey Raid,” Associated Press, August 20, 1983 The Immigration and Nationalization Service has arrested 107 suspected illegal aliens and is holding them in custody awaiting deportation hearings as a result of a raid on a South Plainfield handbag factory, authorities reported today. Immigration agents spent more than a day processing employees of the factory, all but three of them Haitians. They were detained as they arrived at the Bag Bazaar factory early Thursday morning, according to the supervisory investigator, Louis Galoppo. Mr. Galoppo said that of the 167 people detained, 60 were found to be in the country legally and were released. The others are being held at an immigration facility in Brooklyn and in county jails pending deportation hearings before an immigration judge, he said. Officials said it was the largest round-up of suspected illegal aliens by the Immigration Service in Newark in memory.

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Mr. Galoppo said the factory’s owners do not face legal action because there is no law preventing employers from hiring illegal aliens. He said that besides the Haitians, one of the persons detained was Costa Rican and two were from Panama. Officer Green said the investigation was continuing.

efefefef “The Battle for Grenada, American Troops Take Charge on the Island but Face Surprisingly Stiff Opposition,” Newsweek, November 7, 1983 Dawn had just broken over the beaches of Grenada. At True Blue campus of St George’s Medical College, an odd droning noise woke firstyear student Ron Emerson from a fitful sleep. Rushing outside, he looked into the sky. Just west of the campus, two planes were circling the southern edge of Point Salines Airport. Minutes later, helicopters roared in off the ocean and flew straight into a hail of antiaircraft fire. Emerson and dozens of other students scrambled for cover. “Get down! Get down!” A. J. Quaranta, 22, screamed at his roommate, Jeff Geller. Geller dove under his bed. After a few minutes passed, some of the students crawled to the windows. At first they could see only red tracer bullets streaking across the fading darkness. More planes swooped low. Billowing parachutes filled the air. Soldiers rushed up and cut through a chain-link fence surrounding the campus. Terrified, Karen Young, 23, wondered if Grenada’s rebel military junta was sending men to take the students hostage. An eerie lull fell over the fighting. Then, at one end of the men’s dorm, a menacing figure in combat fatigues, his face streaked with green camouflage paint, burst through the door. “American soldier,” he barked in an unmistakable Southern drawl. “We’re here to take you home.” Operation Urgent Fury had begun just a few hours earlier on the other side of the tiny island. At Pearl’s Airport, 400 Marines from Amphibious Ready Group 1-84 landed aboard armed helicopters from the U.S. aircraft carrier Guam, part of a nine-ship task force hovering off Grenada to back up the invasion. The Marines met weak resistance from a ragtag force of Grenadian Army troops, militia and some Cuban defenders. They secured the airfield within two hours. The northern half of Urgent Fury had gone exactly according to plan. The invasion forces didn’t have as much luck in the southern half. At Point Salines, transport planes carrying 500 Army Rangers in and off the ocean flew into a storm of antiaircraft and machine- gun fire. The lead plane managed to drop its load of paratroopers. But the next two planes had to peel off, then circle back under cover from AC-130 gunships. The planes swooped so low that the Rangers had to jump from 500 feet-something U.S. troops haven’t done since World War II. As some of the Rangers floated through the air, machine-gun fire punched holes through their parachutes. The Rangers finally landed and fanned out toward True Blue campus, a compound consisting of five barracks-style dorms, a lecture hall, a cafeteria and a basketball court. As they advanced, they had to dodge through withering AK-47 and machine-gun fire. The barrage came from Cuban forces arrayed in a defensive arc north of the airstrip. By midmorning, the Rangers knew that they were up against more defending troops than expected-as many as 1,000. Most of them were Cubans-not just the airport construction workers known to be on the island, but well-armed, well-trained combat troops. “The Cubans were much tougher than expected,” said Maj. James Holt, an 82nd Airborne commander. “They were professionals.”

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“Grenada Syndrome,” by Michael T. Klare, The Nation, November 12, 1983 Although it took many people by surprise, the U.S. invasion of Grenada was a logical extension of a well-established Reagan Administration defense policy. For three years, officials have suggested that the Cuba-Grenada alliance represented a severe threat to U.S. security and that extraordinary measures would be justified to overcome that threat. Indeed, what is most surprising is that the Administration did not move sooner to carry out its strategic design. Since Reagan took office, his Administration has enunciated a clear and consistent military doctrine, holding that: (1) America’s overseas economic interests are severely threatened by growing rebellion and “terrorism” in the Third World, most of it attributable to Soviet-Cuban adventurism; (2) this disorder was encouraged by the U.S. disinclination to use military force in resisting such threats (the Vietnam syndrome); and (3) it is imperative that America actively combat Soviet-inspired insurgency to restore the “credibility” of American power and thereby discourage future threats to U.S. interests. These three concerns have produced an interventionist sentiment in the Administration which can now be given a name: the Grenada syndrome. One of the earliest articulations of the Administration’s defense policy came in a speech to the American Newspaper Publishers Association by Secretary of Defense Weinberger in May 1981. Said Weinberger, “We and our allies have come to be critically dependent on places in the world which are subject to great instability.” These instabilities are a significant threat in their own right, he said, and furthermore, they “present a temptation for various forms of Soviet intervention.” Unless they are firmly resisted, this threat will multiply. Therefore, the United States urgently needs to develop “a better ability to respond to crises far from our shores, and to stay there as long as necessary.” Weinberger expanded on this theme the following April in a speech to the corporate members of the Council on Foreign Relations, in New York City. Contending that the Soviet Union had been “emboldened by America’s post-Vietnam paralysis” to push “its traditional policy of global expansion to new dimensions,” Weinberger said that the United States must not only resist Soviet incursions in the Third World but also “seek to reverse the geographic expansion of Soviet control and presence, particularly when it threatens a vital interest or further erodes the geostrategic position of the United States and its allies.” That reference to the “geostrategic position” of the United States reflects the presumption, long advanced by conservative military analysts, that the Russians seek to cripple the West by gaining control of the world’s sea lanes and maritime “choke points.” Because the United States and its allies are so dependent on imported raw materials, the argument goes, the Russians can gain a “stranglehold” over the Western economies by “interdicting” these key trade routes. Clearly, the Reagan Administration views the Grenada operation as a test both of its military doctrine and of domestic political sentiment. If the reaction to the invasion is circumscribed or muted, the Administration will not be persuaded that the Vietnam syndrome has finally been overcome and that Americans will accept a policy of global intervention-the Grenada Doctrine. In the wake of the invasion, the Administration will hold an unofficial plebiscite on U.S. foreign policy. All who oppose it should make sure their votes are counted.

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“Grenada’s Gain, Our Loss,” Editorial in Commonweal, November 18, 1983 Nowhere in the world are people so pleased with the American invasion of Grenada as in Grenada itself. Under the circumstances, some of the Grenadian enthusiasm should be taken with a grain of salt. Still, the reaction has been so widespread that critics of the invasion cannot ignore it. It sets the Grenada action apart from other recent Great Power interventions. In Afghanistan, for example, and in Nicaragua, the populations have hardly welcomed their “liberators.” But the Grenadians’ contentment was far from a conclusive answer to the disturbing questions this invasion raises... Invading another country is not a small matter; even invading a small country is not a small matter. America’s action has reinforced the pattern of quick military strikes, meant to confront objecting nations with faits accomplis, that buys success of putting the world on hair trigger. The invasion twisted international law into a pretzel and undermined the U.S.’s own invocations of the principle of nonintervention. International law, full of loopholes as it is and frequently honored in the breach, is not absolute, nor is the principle of nonintervention... Grenada was ruled by an increasingly bizarre and fratricidal group of Marxists. Like many Third-World governments, including the one they succeeded, they are a burden on their own people. Their thuggishness, however, was scarcely in the same league with that of some of the thugs Washington has chosen generously to aid and abet for the same reason. If throwing out thugs were our concern, then the Rangers and Marines ought to be heading toward Haiti or Guatemala or perhaps El Salvador, where American Embassy officials have identified the Constituent Assembly’s security chief and other ranking government officials as directing and financing death squads that have assassinated thousands of Salvadorans. The evidence that the Grenadian hard-liners were threatening American medical students has never emerged; what has emerged instead is considerable evidence that the Grenadians were assuring the Americans’ safety and that obstacles to the students’ evacuation came not from Grenada, but from other Caribbean states already involved in the invasion plans. All this was apparently known and conveniently ignored by Washington. It wanted this invasion.

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“The Meaning of Grenada,” National Review, November 25, 1983 Amid the kaleidoscopic onrush of images and events associated with Grenada, two moments of exquisite meaning stand out. One was the emotional outpouring of gratitude and praise from the American medical students rescued from Grenada-a response that all too obviously stunned and embarrassed the establishment media. The other was when Fidel Castro sagged limply backward into an armchair, telling reporters feebly that there is nothing he could do. Grenada, evidently, pierced Fidel to his very paranoic quick. Full well Fidel might sag, for the action in Grenada represents the first time in history that U.S. military powers have reversed a Communist revolution and liberated a people from MarxistLeninist rule. (The only other Communist regimes that have been toppled since 1917 have been overthrown by other Communist regimes-a phenomenon akin to inter-gang warfare.) This gives the action in Grenada a historical significance even greater, by a good bit, than the strategic importance of the island. Marx and Lenin preached historical inevitability, and Brezhnev proclaimed a doctrine of the irreversibility of Communist rule. Grenada confounds this Communist pantheon. The Marines did not just take an island; they stopped the march of history dead in its inexorable tracks.

There have been rumors of Cuban retaliation and speculation about a bold Soviet response to Grenada. Almost certainly, we will see neither, for both Havana and Moscow-like anti-American regimes everywhere-partake of a bully spirit that preys on weakness, but shrinks in the face of strength. The liberation of Grenada will have positive reverberations for U.S. foreign policy around the globe. Surinam’s disinvitation of its Cuban advisors is an early case in point. Our action will deter for a time Cuban adventurism in the Caribbean, it will knock a little sense into the Sandinistas (expect temporary sweetness and light from that quarter), and it will dampen “revolutionary ardor” (bully instincts) in El Salvador. Even the Kremlin will likely beat a prudent retreat for a time; Andropov, said to be suffering from a physical ailment, more likely is in a state of acute shock. Viewed from this perspective, the U.S. operation in Grenada represents a powerful blow on behalf of the cause to which Reagan’s most passionate critics fervently claim allegiance. Grenada was a blow for peace.

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“Defense Key in Playoffs,” The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland), December 26, 1984 Nobody in professional football appreciates defense more than Pittsburgh coach Chuck Noll, who assembled the Steel Curtain that produced four Steelers Super Bowl championships. So Pittsburgh goes into Sunday’s American Football Conference semi-final game with proper respect for the Denver Broncos, who allowed only 241 points all season, second lowest in the National Football League. Noll was not surprised that the wild-card victories of the New York Giants and Seattle Seahawks were constructed by stifling defense that simply shut down the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Raiders. “Defense has been important in championship football games as long as I can remember,” Noll said. “Before you can win, you have to not lose.” Denver didn’t lose very frequently, dropping only three games all season. And the opportunistic Bronco defenders scored eight touchdowns after forcing fumbles and picking up passes. Noll, a connoisseur of defense, was suitably impressed. Bronco coach Dan Reeves knows the Steelers’ reputation for being stingy with yards and points and spent much of the last week drilling Denver on defending against the blitz. Nobody, however, blitzes more than the Chicago Bears, who led the league in rushing defense, total defense, and set a record with 72 quarterback sacks. The Washington Redskins, hoping for a third straight trip to the Super Bowl, must control the Bear defenders as well as handle Walter Payton, the NFL’s all-time rushing leader.

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“The Lucrative Little LBO Shops: Who Needs Mega-Mergers?” by Solveig Jansson, Institutional Investor, August 22, 1985 Canny investors have long sought out shares of emerging companies for their potentially dazzling returns, of course. But why just buy the stock of such promising enterprises, reasons a small group of merger and acquisition specialists, when you can reap far greater rewards by buying the companies themselves? By doing precisely that-acting as principals in leveraged buyouts of small companies with sparkling prospects, nurturing their growth and then taking them public-these little LBO shops have achieved some spectacular payoffs. Small to mid-sized companies-those with sales of less than $100 million-offer higher growth potential, higher return on assets and higher gross margins than 500-list behemoths, points out Theodore Stolberg of the investment counseling firm of Weiss, Peck and Greer.

So enticing is this little LBO business, in fact, that Carl Marks & Co., the maverick market maker of foreign securities, has committed more capital to it-some $150 million-through its CM Capital Corp. subsidiary than it has to its regular trading activities... In contrast to the headline-grabbing megamergers, small buyouts tend to be conducted in relative obscurity-which suits the dealmakers just fine. “Large transactions add no real value,” contends Weiss. “They tend to be overpriced and shopped all over the country.” Because little LBO’s never appear on the national auction block, they don’t get bid up excessively. “When you buy small private companies, you typically get them for discounts of 20 to 40 percent vis-à-vis equivalent public companies.”

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“High Blood Pressure? It May Be in Your Genes,” Business Week, April 3, 1985 “Hypertension has long been the scourge of many active, hard-driving people, and no amount of research has been able to pin down its cause or find a cure for the condition once it has developed. Now, after 15 years of work in this field, Dr. Lewis K. Dahl, of Brookhaven National Laboratory’s medical department, has found a cure that may ultimately reduce the incidence of the disease. Dahl, the man who established a correlation between salt and high blood pressure, has laboratory evidence that heredity plays a role in essential hypertension, the most common form of high blood pressure. Estimates vary, but it’s believed that hypertension affects more than 10 percent of the U.S. adult population. People don’t inherit hypertension, Dahl thinks, but may inherit a susceptibility that somehow can be triggered by other factors: kidney infection, emotional stress or, more commonly, too much intake of table salt in the diet. In his lab, Dahl has bred two strains of rats. Under certain conditions, one strain quickly develops hypertension; under identical conditions, the other strain doesn’t. Dr. Dahl, a senior scientist in Brookhaven’s medical research center and chief of medical services for its 48-bed hospital, is among the first to admit this genetic research on rats can’t be applied directly to human patients. But it sheds new light on possible predisposition of people to hypertension, and perhaps on how people can avoid triggering the disease."

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“Broncos, Saints Inspire Opposite in Fans,” The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland), November 15, 1985 Dan Reeves knows the two sides of Denver Broncos fans. Some of them, after all, wanted his head after the Broncos had the affront to lose again to Seattle last season and fell to 11-2 after 10 straight wins. But after Reeves’ Broncos beat the San Francisco 49ers Monday night, he gave them full credit. “When they come out in this kind of weather and cheer us on like they did, that’s showing terrific support,” he said. “They helped us win the game.” More precisely, one snowball-throwing fan helped them win the game. The missile in question, one of numerous snowballs flung from the stands in Mile High Stadium during the game, landed in front of San Francisco’s Matt Cavanaugh as he was about to spot the ball for Ray Wersching’s 19-yard yard field-goal attempt. The best Cavanaugh could do was pick up the ball and heave it awkwardly (and unsuccessfully) into the end zone. The 49ers ended up losing 17-16. The police ended up escorting five people from the stadium on what Detective Ken Chaves said was a charge of “throwing missiles.” And the incident tarnished Denver’s image. As Dan Gayer of Commerce City, Colorado, said after the game: “It makes us look bad, especially when it’s on national television.” Yesterday, the young man whose snowball may have cost the 49ers the game, called the San Francisco Examiner to apologize. He turned down a $500 reward offered for his story... Denver fans are probably the most blindly loyal in the National Football League: 73,173 of them showed up Monday in 20-degree weather despite a 30-10 defeat in San Diego the previous week. They would have been there had the Broncos entered the game 3-6 instead of 6-3. The waiting list for season tickets is as long as the waiting list in Washington and New York, where the population base is millions larger. There have been divorce cases in which the battle for custody of Broncos tickets is more bitter than the battle for custody of the kids. And memories linger. Lou Saban, who hasn’t coached the Broncos since 1971, is still known there scornfully as “half a loaf,” because he played for a tie against the Dolphins that season and excused his actions by saying: “Half a loaf is better than none.”

efefefef “Football Fanatics Set Record Straight,” Salina Journal (Kansas), December 12, 1985 They are football’s dedicated detectives, historians who enjoy the sport not only on television, but on microfilm monitors that transport them to the halcyon days of professional football. They’re 150 members of the loosely knit professional Football Researchers Association scattered across the country. Most are mere spectators; some, including former all-pro guard Joe Kopcha of the Chicago Bears, are former players. All are fans. Bob Carroll, for instance, is a Pittsburgh area researcher and illustrator with an encyclopedic knowledge of football’s forgotten heroes. Lido Starelli, a San Francisco plasterer, has missed only one 49ers game in 43 years and has every game program to prove it.

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The amateur researchers specialize in debunking the myths and mysteries of the sport’s sometimes nomadic and often misunderstood past. “It’s amazing how much of the myth and lore associated with pro football don’t stand up under research,” said Carroll, 49, the editor of The Coffin Corner, the PFRA’s semi-monthly newsletter. “Much of what has been written even in encyclopedias isn’t always accurate.” For example, it has long been accepted that the National Football League was formed September 17, 1920, as the legendary George Halas and other founding fathers squatted on Hupmobile running boards in a Canton, Ohio, auto dealership. An illustration of the historic meeting hangs in a prominent place in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton. But, Carroll said, Canton newspaper headlines blared “New League Is Formed” more than a month before, and that the car dealer meeting may have served merely to formalize plans for a league that later would capture the imagination of the nation. Carroll, citing the fruits of research, offered these tidbits: • Only several years before the historic 1958 Baltimore Colts-New York Giants overtime championship game, “pro football was only about as popular as indoor soccer is today.” • Just six years before that game, “the turning point in NFL history,” the Colts were called that Dallas Texans and “were so bad, they wound up finishing the season in Hershey, Pennsylvania.” • Even in the early 1950s, newspaper columnists frequently wrote that an average college football team could beat any pro team. • Pro football’s first great passing quarterback wasn’t the revolutionary Sammy Baugh, but a highly underrated former Michigan All-American named Benny Friedman who once threw 18 touchdown passes in a single season with a ball “more like a watermelon than a football...”

efefefef “Michael Jackson Inks Multimillion-Dollar Deal With Pepsi,” Rolling Stone, June 19, 1986 Whether or not it’s the choice of a new generation, Pepsi’s definitely generating a ton of money for Michael Jackson. Over the next three years, Jackson will make at least three commercials for Pepsi as part of the most lucrative advertising deal ever negotiated between a celebrity and a corporation: the singer will make $10 million. Jackson and his brothers earned roughly $5.5 million when they appeared in two Pepsi commercials in 1984 and signed a tour-sponsorship deal with the soft drink company. In the new deal, Jackson is committed to producing two pieces of original music for the new ads. The singer’s manager, Frank DiLeo, said that a song from Jackson’s upcoming LP, due this fall, may also be used for one of the commercials. Jackson will film a minimum of two spots plus a Spanish-language ad. Pepsi plans to show the commercials worldwide and will premiere the first one in early 1987. Under the terms of the deal, Jackson will be involved in writing the spots, choosing the directors, and designing the visuals. The contract also calls for Jackson to become a “creative consultant” for Pepsi in 1988, at which point he will direct a commercial itself. And while it is not definite Pepsi would be the sponsor of any forthcoming Jackson tour, Pepsi USA President Roger Enrico said that “whatever activities Michael does in support of his new album, we will be involved....”

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Enrico estimates that the cost of the Jackson ad campaign, including production cost and airtime, “will be well in excess of $50 million.” He has no doubt Michael is worth the price. The 1984 ads are credited with sharply boosting Pepsi sales. “My judgment is that these amounts of money, which seemed to be huge, do in fact payoff,” Enrico said. Jackson reportedly does not drink Pepsi himself and will not even hold the product in his hand for the ads, but, according to Pepsi spokesman, a truckload of the beverage is dropped off at his house every week.

efefefef “The Rod Stewart Concert Video, Video News,” Rolling Stone, June 19, 1986 Rod Stewart has one of the biggest egos in the music business, and every ounce of it is on display in the Rod Stewart Concert Video. There’s not a moment when he’s not swaggering, strutting and preening as he dominates the screen. If he weren’t having so much fun, this would be completely repellent. But Stewart seasons his posing with a sense of glee that, combined with the driving precision of his band, produces an unexpectedly entertaining show. The cassette opens with an audio-visual bio that’s just short enough to avoid being boring. Stewart begins the concert footage with a string of his hits starting with “Infatuation” and proceeding to “Tonight’s the Night,” “Young Turks,” and “Passion.” Between songs, he shows a reedy, easygoing magnetism that helps this tape escape the tedium that dogs most concert tapes.

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“0.5 Percent of Families Found to Hold 35 Percent of Wealth,” by Michael Wines, Los Angeles Times, July 26, 1986 “More than a third of the nation’s net worth is held by 0.5 percent of America’s households, a concentration of economic clout that has snowballed to levels not seen since the Great Depression, Democrats on Congress’ Joint Economic Committee concluded in a study released Friday. Their report, using 1983 figures compiled for the Federal Reserve Board, stated that the 420,000 richest U.S. families controlled $3.7 trillion in assets after debts. That is 35.1 percent of total wealth. An earlier Fed study using 1962 data concluded that the same 0.5 percent of the population then controlled 25.4 percent of the national wealth. By comparison, the report stated the share of assets held by the poorest 90 percent of Americans dropped during those 21 years from 34.9 percent to 28 percent. The committee Democrats’ report provided the first public comparison of the two studies, both of which were conducted for the Fed by the University of Michigan’s prestigious Survey Research Center. The 1983 study was based on projections from a survey of about 4,000 Americans. The sample included 432 members of the country’s wealthiest families... In the report the 1983 data is divided into four classes of households: • 420,000 ‘super rich’ families with more than a third of the wealth and comprising 0.5 percent of families. None of these families were worth less than $2.5 million; their average wealth after debts was $8.85 million. • 420,000 ‘very rich’ with 6.7 percent of all net assets and an average wealth of $1.7 million. • 7.6 million ‘rich’ with net wealth ranging from $206,000 to $1.4 million and an average net worth of $419,616. The rich, nine percent of all households, owned 29.9 percent of the wealth. • ‘Everyone else,’ the 75.5 million households that make up the remaining 90 percent of the population. Their net worth ranged no higher than $206,000 and averaged $39,584. The wealthy excelled in another crucial statistical measure as well. The net worth of the super rich rose during the 21-year period by 147 percent, adjusted for inflation. The very rich managed only a 64 percent increase and the rich, a 66 percent gain. Everyone else posted a more modest 45 percent increase... Nearly half the net assets of the bottom 90 percent were tied up in real estate, most of it in homes. Real estate was among the fastest appreciating assets, more than doubling in value from 1962 to 1983. The super rich, meanwhile, had less than a fifth of their money in real estate in 1983. But the worth of their property holdings grew sevenfold during the 21 years between surveys."

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“Gold Medal Gear,” Popular Mechanics, March 1988 When it comes to high tech, America can put a man on the moon-but it can’t build a respectable bobsled. That, anyway, has long been the rap against American Olympic efforts. Soviet-led Eastern Bloc Olympians have long been rated the leaders in high-tech and medium-tech Olympic sports such as bobsled, biathlon, skating, archery and shooting. American sports technologists have lagged behind in such basic research as aerodynamics, bioengineering and materials science. But all that is changing, and the first evidence of that change will be seen at the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, Canada. Back in 1983 the U.S. Olympic Committee, recognizing a desperate need for better performing and safer equipment for athletes, formed the Sports Equipment and Technology Committee to provide funding and act as a liaison between the individual sports industry and government. Results can be seen in such sports as bobsled, the biathlon and other winter events: Bobsled In Livonia, Michigan, Airflow Sciences Corp. (ASC), a consulting engineering firm specializing in fluid dynamics, illustrates the new emphasis on technology with a revolutionary approach to designing two-man and four man sleds for the U.S. Olympic team using automotive modeling clay, wind tunnel testing, and employing the same construction technology for building Indianapolis and Formula 1 race cars. The firm, by late 1987, had achieved a 42 percent reduction in drag in the two-man sled and a 44 percent reduction for the four-man sled compared to 1984 Winter Olympic baseline sleds. Among the more radical design changes was a replacement of the old welded-steel chassis with a high strength, fiberglass composite of Nomex honeycomb, sandwiched in layers of graphite/Kevlar cloth with epoxy resins. The molded body increases design flexibility while reducing weight... Nordic Skiing Whether in biathlon, Nordic combined (cross-country and ski jumping) or Nordic skiing, the major innovation in cross-country skiing in the past six years has been the dramatic introduction of the skating technique in which the skier kicks the skis outward as though ice-skating. The new technique has resulted in changes in ski waxes and in shorter skis (10 cm shorter) with a stiffer camber, or arch. But the greatest changes have occurred in ski poles. They reach the eyes now instead of the armpit. Skating also puts more weight on the poles, causing increased pole deflection, and the poles are more apt to be bent of the skis during skating... Hockey American hockey players will be wearing innovative protective equipment consisting of a triple layer of foam laced with very tiny air cells. The impact of a puck or errant stick forces air out of the cells laterally as the foam collapses. The dense outermost layer collapses only on the hardest hits. The pads will be worn over the shoulders, upper arms, sternum, elbows and on the lower back... Speed Skating Because of the extremely tight curves of Calgary’s new short-track speed skating oval, a Canadian skate maker, Raymond Laberge, has developed a skate with the blade offset from center that can be adjusted for each skater. The feature allows the skater to adjust the skate to fit the track. Laberge also custom-molds a skating shell of graphite fiber, Kevlar, fiberglass and epoxy resins. The formfitting boot prevents heel sloppiness in the turns, which reduces control and power. A Velcro attached lace cover ensures waterproofing and helps to limit the skates’ aerodynamic drag, critical in a game where inches count.

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“Great Expectations,” Forbes, April 18, 1988 “With today’s newer portable phones, you can walk down Fifth Avenue in Manhattan while talking to your spouse in Boise, or your partner in Tokyo. Pretty soon the gear will be cheap enough that teenagers can take a phone with them on dates. No more, ‘Gee, Mom, I would’ve called but I didn’t have a quarter.’ In the U.S., car facsimile machines are just around the corner. So cellular communications is no gadgetry gimmick: it is a service that fills a real need for a society on the go. But in the real work of business, there’s many a slip twixt cup and lip. With little in the way of earnings or cash flow, cellular franchises today sell on the basis of two expectations: 1) the

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number of potential customers in the area covered by their franchise, and 2) how much each of these customers is likely to spend. The first expectation is the population that lives in the cellular franchisee’s area-the so-called pops figure. If a franchise area has a population of, say, two million, and a company owns 60 percent of the franchise (partners accounting for the rest), then the company would have 1.2 million pops. What’s a pop worth? BellSouth is paying some $80 to $85 a pop for Mobile Communications. McCaw, which about 18 months ago was paying only about $20 per pop for franchises, a few months ago paid $80 a pop for The Washington Post Company’s Florida cellular business. McCaw itself is being valued in the stock market at $75 to $80 per pop. These prices are assuming a great deal. They assume that a significant percentage of the pops will sign up for the services and that, once signed, they will use the expensive service on a big scale. When the Federal Communications Commission started to divvy up the cellular industry in the early 1980s, it awarded two franchises for each market, to make sure there was competition. The ‘wireline’ franchise went to the local Bell operating company. The independent or ‘nonwireline’ franchise was at first chosen by the FCC in some markets. Later markets were awarded by lottery. Let’s crunch a few numbers. What ‘per pop’ amounts to is an assumption that a given independent company will have about half the cellular market, and the local phone company will have the other half. Let’s say cellular’s penetration will be four percent five years from now. Then the independent franchise’s penetration will likely be two percent. Let’s go on with the numbers. If the franchise covers one million pops and ultimately signs two percent of them, it will have 20,000 customers. Paying $80 a pop is the same as paying $4,000 today for tomorrow’s projected customer. By contrast, cable TV systems can currently be purchased for around $2,000 per existing subscriber."

efefefef “Twins Scott and Stuart Gentling Sell off a High-Priced Audubon and Give Wing to Their Own Bird Book,” People, June 15, 1988 “Two records were under siege last week when a standing-room-only crowd converged on Sotheby’s auction house in New York. Outside, an early heat wave was threatening to push the mercury over 97 degrees, an all-time high for the date. Inside, brisk bidding closed in on, and soon surpassed, the highest price ever paid for a work by the naturalist painter John James Audubon. When the gavel fell, a New York dealer had paid $253,000 for an 1824 watercolor of two boattailed grackles-known to most people simply as blackbirds. Just two and a half years ago the same painting had been offered in the mail-order catalog of a Philadelphia print dealer for $18,000-and was snapped up by two Audubon fanatics who recognized it as one of the master’s long-missing early works. Not long afterward, the new owners, 44-year-old twins Scott and Stuart Gentling of Fort Worth, decided to use their treasure to help bankroll their own Audubon-inspired masterwork, Of Birds and Texas. A massive boxed portfolio of 50 paintings of birds and landscapes, it was 10 years and $550,000 in the making, and might never have seen the light of day without the grackle windfall. ‘We literally ran out of money,’ says Stuart, like his brother a full-time artist since college, ‘and we had to use the grackles as collateral.’ Most of the $210,000 profit the brothers expect to clear from the sale will go towards clearing up their grackle-backed debts.

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Stuart also hopes the publicity surrounding the auction will produce some national recognition for him and his twin. ‘It’s so difficult to get people to take us seriously,’ he says. ‘They don’t think that something like Of Birds and Texas could be created in the boondocks.’ They may now, however, since the Gentlings’ opus has been getting rave reviews. The Dallas Morning News described it as ‘destined to become a classic of ornithology and fine printing,’ and painter Andrew Wyeth declared it ‘overwhelming.’ It is certainly that: Two feet long and weighing 46 pounds, it could pass for a coffee table without legs. The price is a Texas-size too: $2,500 for one of a limited edition of 500 books."

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efefefef “Dining on an Ancient Hilltop,” Bon Appetit, November, 1988 “Just outside Monaco there is the ninth-century hilltop village of Eze, perched 1,300 feet almost sheer above the sea on a rocky outcrop. To reach its center, you park and walk narrow alleys. It is worth the trek to visit the Chateau de la Chevre d’Or, an eleventh-century medieval manor house artistically converted into a glorious 10-room hotel and Chateau Eze, a cluster of medieval houses (formerly the summer home of HRH Prince William of Sweden) that has been open to the public as a small luxury hotel since 1983.

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At Chateau de la Chevre d’Or, I’ve enjoyed many of Chef Elie Mazot’s delicacies as much as the panorama. At Chateau Eze, the kitchen has recently been handed over to Dominique Le Stanc, and his culinary genius is unmistakable. Highly recommended among his creations are open-face ravioli with sautéed artichokes, asparagus and langoustines; smoked pigeon and lentil salad; and cream of pea soup with asparagus and morel garnish."

efefefef “Looking for Dedication? Cross Country Sets the Pace,” by Bob Frisk, Chicago Daily Herald, November 11, 1988 There was a time when cross country was a sport designed primarily to get you in shape for a more glamorous activity like basketball. That’s certainly the way it was when I was in high school. The rewards really appeared meager in comparison with the time and exertion put into the endeavor. The changes have been dramatic. A fitness revolution ran across the country. Dedicated coaches worked in developing successful training techniques, and high school cross country programs were, well, off and running. Today, the cross country runner in this area is a big man or woman on campus. Saturday’s hero may not always be a football player. Saturday’s real hero may be that young person who is running over the river and through the woods and not just to grandmother’s house. Last weekend, the Mid-Suburban League (MSL) completed another amazing double in state cross country. Schaumburg’s boys and Conant’s girls just added to an incredible record of accomplishments for this remarkable high school sports conference. Mid-Suburban boys now have won three state cross country championships in the past four years and five overall. Mid-Suburban girls have won six titles in the past seven seasons and seven overall. Remarkable? Yes. Surprising? Not really. You just have to look at the caliber of coaches down the line throughout the MSL, the important continuity of most staffs and the impressive feeder systems to develop early this talent. Nevertheless, it still can be difficult telling young people, particularly incoming freshmen, that there is satisfaction in a sport where you run, run, run, run. Run until it hurts and then run some more. I’ve always admired cross country coaches because they are faced with the daily challenge of keeping their practices interesting. “Well, athletes, let’s see. I think we’ll...run.” Meets take care of themselves because of their importance, runners jockey for position as they near the chute, but it has to be extremely difficult for a coach to motivate these athletes through their arduous, daily workouts. There’s so much more to this sport than just a crisp fall run, but a cross country coach must be surrounded with believers. So many young people are just waiting for someone to guide them and care about them. No, it doesn’t take a great athlete to be cross country runner. You may not need the coordination of the basketball player or the agility and speed of a halfback or the strength of a tackle. But you definitely need desire and dedication and endurance. You can work on endurance, but you must have desire and dedication to succeed. Do you know what really impresses me at any cross country meet? I watch those young runners, boys and girls, who are laboring far behind the field, struggling with every move, obviously aching. I stood at the Mid-Suburban League meet and marveled at the tenacity of these young people as the field spread out, dramatically separating the levels of ability. Those runners hundreds of

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yards behind the leaders were hurting. It showed. Many could barely see the competitors in front of them. The distance was that great. This was not a glamorous time for a young athlete. You couldn’t hide out there when you’re so far behind. Everybody lining the course can see you. It’s certainly a different kind of spotlight. I just had to stand there that day and applaud this kind of determination. This is truly the dedicated high school athlete in action. The only real reward may be the personal satisfaction you get from passing another runner in the final few yards to finish 80th instead of 81st, or from knocking a second off your best time. These runners may be in as good or better shape than the athletes who finish well in front, but each individual has his or her own limitations, and that’s what makes this sport such a thrilling competition. Cross country takes a very special kind of desire and dedication, those intangible traits that can be so hard to define. Although this area may be extremely proficient at collecting state trophies in cross country, the biggest rewards for most of our young runners are not to be reaped in high school. Those rewards will come later in life, when that incredible dedication needed in cross country day after day after day in a very lonely sport carries over into the real world and leads to something which others, less dedicated, might miss. I don’t know about you, but I certainly would look at a high school cross country background as a big plus in anyone’s job application.

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“Securing Participants Keeps Coaches on the Run,” by Ira Josephs, Doyleston Intelligencer (Pennsylvania), August 27, 1989 Cross country, a sport that flourished in the Bucks-Mont area as recently as the early 1980s, may have reached a numbers crossroads as the calendar turns toward 1990. For although a handful of area teams and individuals enjoyed success in both the district and state level in recent years, Bucks-Mont area coaches say it has become more and more of an uphill climb to maintain that top-flight level of performance in the long run. Declining numbers, they say, appear to be taking their toll on specific programs in some cases, and on the sport in general in others. But veteran coaches aware of the cyclical nature of the sport also noticed that the quantity and quality, two key ingredients in a program’s success, have tended traditionally to fluctuate from year to year, rising and falling due to a variety of different factors. It is a sport of peaks and valleys. Not just on the course, either. Said Central Bucks East head coach Paul Wilson: “It’s really hard to predict trends.” But it has not been hard for coaches to notice the dwindling cross-country numbers in many area schools. Said William Tennent head coach Andy Warren, the Warminster school is no exception. “In the late ‘60s and ‘70s, we had teams of 35 or 40,” Warren said. “The last three years, we’ve been anywhere from 20 to 25. A big school squad for a public school is 25.” The decline of participants is more noticeable at Pennridge where Dick Leight is entering his 29th year as coach this fall. “In the late ‘70s and early ‘80s we had 23 kids on the team,” Leight said. “They were kids who ran since they were in 10th grade. ”Last year I had 20, but many of them were seniors who were running cross country for the first time. That’s not the way to be a successful cross-country runner. “I’m confident that if I have a kid for three years, by the end of those three years he’ll be a respectable runner. It’s the kids who come out for three years that make the team.”

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SECTION FIVE: CENSUS DATA This section begins with eighteen state-by-state ranking tables from the 1980, 1990, and 2010 Census, designed to help define the times during which the families profiled in Section One lived. Table topics are listed below. Following the state-by-state tables are reprints from the special report series We the Americans published in 1993 by the U.S. Census Bureau. Finally, data portrayed by maps, tables, graphs, charts and narrative from the 1990 Census, help to visualize the environment at that time.

State-by-State Comparative Tables: 1980, 1990 and 2010 Total Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 White Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Black Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 American Indian/Alaska Native Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 Asian Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 Hispanic Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 Foreign-Born Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 Urban Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Rural Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 Males per 100 Females. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 Median Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 High School Graduation Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 College Graduation Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 One-Person Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Homeownership Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Median Home Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 Median Gross Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 Households Lacking Complete Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Note: When reviewing the ranking columns, be aware that the District of Columbia is included in the list of states.

Twenty-First Decennial Census of the United States Special Reports We the Americans: Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 We the Americans: Blacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 We the Americans: Hispanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 We the Americans: Asians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

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We the Americans: Pacific Islanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 We the Americans: First Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280 We the Americans: Foreign Born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 We the Americans: Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 We the Americans: Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 We the Americans: Our Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331 We the Americans: Our Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340 1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 General Social and Economic Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429 General Housing Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489 Detailed Ancestry Groups for States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512 Detailed Occupation and Other Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540

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Section Five: Census Data

Total Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

1980

1980

Population 1990

2010

3,893,888 401,851 2,718,215 2,286,435 23,667,902 2,889,964 3,107,576 594,338 638,333 9,746,324 5,463,105 964,691 943,935 11,426,518 5,490,224 2,913,808 2,363,679 3,660,777 4,205,900 1,124,660 4,216,975 5,737,037 9,262,078 4,075,970 2,520,638 4,916,686 786,690 1,569,825 800,493 920,610 7,364,823 1,302,894 17,558,072 5,881,766 652,717 10,797,630 3,025,290 2,633,105 11,863,895 947,154 3,121,820 690,768 4,591,120 14,229,191 1,461,037 511,456 5,346,818 4,132,156 1,949,644 4,705,767 469,557 226,545,805

4,040,587 550,043 3,665,228 2,350,725 29,760,021 3,294,394 3,287,116 666,168 606,900 12,937,926 6,478,216 1,108,229 1,006,749 11,430,602 5,544,159 2,776,755 2,477,574 3,685,296 4,219,973 1,227,928 4,781,468 6,016,425 9,295,297 4,375,099 2,573,216 5,117,073 799,065 1,578,385 1,201,833 1,109,252 7,730,188 1,515,069 17,990,455 6,628,637 638,800 10,847,115 3,145,585 2,842,321 11,881,643 1,003,464 3,486,703 696,004 4,877,185 16,986,510 1,722,850 562,758 6,187,358 4,866,692 1,793,477 4,891,769 453,588 248,709,873

4,779,736 710,231 6,392,017 2,915,918 37,253,956 5,029,196 3,574,097 897,934 601,723 18,801,310 9,687,653 1,360,301 1,567,582 12,830,632 6,483,802 3,046,355 2,853,118 4,339,367 4,533,372 1,328,361 5,773,552 6,547,629 9,883,640 5,303,925 2,967,297 5,988,927 989,415 1,826,341 2,700,551 1,316,470 8,791,894 2,059,179 19,378,102 9,535,483 672,591 11,536,504 3,751,351 3,831,074 12,702,379 1,052,567 4,625,364 814,180 6,346,105 25,145,561 2,763,885 625,741 8,001,024 6,724,540 1,852,994 5,686,986 563,626 308,745,538

Area California New York Texas Pennsylvania Illinois Ohio Florida Michigan New Jersey North Carolina Massachusetts Indiana Georgia Virginia Missouri Wisconsin Tennessee Maryland Louisiana Washington Minnesota Alabama Kentucky South Carolina Connecticut Oklahoma Iowa Colorado Arizona Oregon Mississippi Kansas Arkansas West Virginia Nebraska Utah New Mexico Maine Hawaii Rhode Island Idaho New Hampshire Nevada Montana South Dakota North Dakota D.C. Delaware Vermont Wyoming Alaska United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

California New York Texas Florida Pennsylvania Illinois Ohio Michigan New Jersey North Carolina Georgia Virginia Massachusetts Indiana Missouri Wisconsin Tennessee Washington Maryland Minnesota Louisiana Alabama Kentucky Arizona South Carolina Colorado Connecticut Oklahoma Oregon Iowa Mississippi Kansas Arkansas West Virginia Utah Nebraska New Mexico Maine Nevada New Hampshire Hawaii Idaho Rhode Island Montana South Dakota Delaware North Dakota D.C. Vermont Alaska Wyoming United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area California Texas New York Florida Illinois Pennsylvania Ohio Michigan Georgia North Carolina New Jersey Virginia Washington Massachusetts Indiana Arizona Tennessee Missouri Maryland Wisconsin Minnesota Colorado Alabama South Carolina Louisiana Kentucky Oregon Oklahoma Connecticut Iowa Mississippi Arkansas Kansas Utah Nevada New Mexico West Virginia Nebraska Idaho Hawaii Maine New Hampshire Rhode Island Montana Delaware South Dakota Alaska North Dakota Vermont D.C. Wyoming United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

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White Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 73.8 77.1 82.4 82.7 76.2 89.0 90.1 82.1 26.9 84.0 72.3 33.0 95.5 80.8 91.2 97.4 91.7 92.3 69.2 98.7 74.9 93.5 85.0 96.6 64.1 88.4 94.1 94.9 87.5 98.9 83.2 75.0 79.5 75.8 95.8 88.9 85.9 94.6 89.8 94.7 68.8 92.6 83.5 78.7 94.6 99.1 79.1 91.5 96.2 94.4 95.1 83.2

73.7 75.5 80.9 82.7 69.0 88.2 87.0 80.3 29.6 83.1 71.0 33.4 94.4 78.3 90.6 96.6 90.1 92.0 67.3 98.4 71.0 89.8 83.4 94.4 63.5 87.7 92.8 93.8 84.3 98.0 79.3 75.6 74.4 75.6 94.6 87.8 82.1 92.8 88.5 91.4 69.0 91.6 83.0 75.2 93.8 98.6 77.4 88.5 96.2 92.3 94.2 80.3

1980 2010 68.5 66.7 73.0 77.0 57.6 81.3 77.6 68.9 38.5 75.0 59.7 24.7 89.1 71.5 84.3 91.3 83.8 87.8 62.6 95.2 58.2 80.4 79.0 85.3 59.1 82.8 89.4 86.1 66.2 93.9 68.6 68.4 65.8 68.5 90.0 82.7 72.2 83.7 81.9 81.4 66.2 85.9 77.6 70.4 86.1 95.3 68.6 77.3 93.9 86.2 90.7 72.4

Area Vermont New Hampshire Maine Iowa Minnesota West Virginia North Dakota Idaho Wyoming Nebraska Rhode Island Utah Oregon Wisconsin Montana Massachusetts South Dakota Kentucky Kansas Washington Indiana Connecticut Pennsylvania Colorado Ohio Missouri Nevada Oklahoma Michigan Florida Tennessee New Jersey Arkansas Arizona Delaware Illinois New York Virginia Texas Alaska California North Carolina New Mexico Maryland Alabama Georgia Louisiana South Carolina Mississippi Hawaii D.C. United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

Vermont Maine New Hampshire Iowa West Virginia North Dakota Idaho Minnesota Wyoming Nebraska Utah Oregon Montana Wisconsin Kentucky South Dakota Rhode Island Indiana Kansas Massachusetts Washington Pennsylvania Colorado Ohio Missouri Connecticut Nevada Michigan Florida Tennessee Arkansas Oklahoma Arizona Delaware New Jersey Illinois Virginia New Mexico North Carolina Alaska Texas New York Alabama Georgia Maryland South Carolina California Louisiana Mississippi Hawaii D.C. United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area Vermont Maine West Virginia New Hampshire Iowa Wyoming North Dakota Montana Idaho Kentucky Wisconsin Nebraska Utah South Dakota Minnesota Indiana Kansas Oregon Missouri Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Colorado Massachusetts Michigan Connecticut Tennessee Washington Arkansas Florida Arizona Oklahoma Illinois Texas Delaware New Jersey Virginia Alabama North Carolina New Mexico Alaska Nevada South Carolina New York Louisiana Georgia Mississippi Maryland California D.C. Hawaii United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 38 39 40 41 42 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

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Section Five: Census Data

Black Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 25.6 3.4 2.8 16.4 7.7 3.5 7.0 16.1 70.3 13.8 26.8 1.8 0.3 14.7 7.6 1.4 5.3 7.1 29.4 0.3 22.7 3.9 13.0 1.3 35.2 10.5 0.2 3.1 6.4 0.4 12.6 1.8 13.7 22.4 0.4 10.0 6.8 1.4 8.8 2.9 30.4 0.3 15.8 12.0 0.6 0.2 18.9 2.6 3.3 3.9 0.7 11.7

25.3 4.1 3.0 15.9 7.4 4.0 8.3 16.9 65.8 13.6 27.0 2.5 0.3 14.8 7.8 1.7 5.8 7.1 30.8 0.4 24.9 5.0 13.9 2.2 35.6 10.7 0.3 3.6 6.6 0.7 13.4 2.0 15.9 22.0 0.6 10.7 7.4 1.6 9.2 3.9 29.8 0.5 16.0 11.9 0.7 0.4 18.8 3.1 3.1 5.0 0.8 12.1

1980 2010 26.2 3.3 4.1 15.4 6.2 4.0 10.1 21.4 50.7 16.0 30.5 1.6 0.6 14.6 9.1 2.9 5.9 7.8 32.0 1.2 29.5 6.6 14.2 5.2 37.0 11.6 0.4 4.5 8.1 1.1 13.7 2.1 15.9 21.5 1.2 12.2 7.4 1.8 10.9 5.7 27.9 1.3 16.7 11.9 1.1 1.0 19.4 3.6 3.4 6.3 0.8 12.6

Area D.C. Mississippi South Carolina Louisiana Georgia Alabama Maryland North Carolina Virginia Arkansas Delaware Tennessee Illinois Florida New York Michigan New Jersey Texas Missouri Ohio Pennsylvania California Indiana Kentucky Connecticut Oklahoma Nevada Kansas Wisconsin Massachusetts Colorado Alaska West Virginia Nebraska Rhode Island Arizona Washington New Mexico Hawaii Iowa Oregon Minnesota Wyoming Utah New Hampshire North Dakota South Dakota Idaho Maine Montana Vermont United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

D.C. Mississippi Louisiana South Carolina Georgia Alabama Maryland North Carolina Virginia Delaware Tennessee Arkansas New York Illinois Michigan Florida New Jersey Texas Missouri Ohio Pennsylvania Connecticut Indiana Oklahoma California Kentucky Nevada Kansas Wisconsin Massachusetts Alaska Colorado Rhode Island Nebraska West Virginia Washington Arizona Hawaii Minnesota New Mexico Iowa Oregon Wyoming Utah New Hampshire North Dakota South Dakota Maine Vermont Idaho Montana United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area D.C. Mississippi Louisiana Georgia Maryland South Carolina Alabama North Carolina Delaware Virginia Tennessee Florida New York Arkansas Illinois Michigan New Jersey Ohio Texas Missouri Pennsylvania Connecticut Indiana Nevada Kentucky Oklahoma Massachusetts Wisconsin California Kansas Rhode Island Minnesota Nebraska Arizona Colorado Washington West Virginia Alaska Iowa New Mexico Oregon Hawaii South Dakota Maine North Dakota New Hampshire Utah Vermont Wyoming Idaho Montana United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

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American Indian/Alaska Native Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 0.2 16.0 5.6 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 4.7 0.6 1.7 0.2 0.1 8.1 0.2 1.1 3.1 0.1 5.6 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 6.5 0.1 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.6 1.5 0.6

0.4 15.6 5.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.4 6.0 0.8 1.6 0.2 0.2 8.9 0.4 1.2 4.1 0.2 8.0 1.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 7.3 0.2 0.4 1.4 0.3 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.8 2.1 0.8

1980 2010 0.6 14.8 4.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.5 6.3 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.3 9.4 0.6 1.3 5.4 0.2 8.6 1.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 8.8 0.3 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.2 1.0 2.4 1.0

Area Alaska New Mexico South Dakota Arizona Oklahoma Montana North Dakota Nevada Wyoming Washington Utah Idaho North Carolina Oregon Minnesota California Kansas Colorado Wisconsin Nebraska Michigan Arkansas Maine Rhode Island Hawaii Louisiana Texas Missouri Mississippi New York Delaware Florida Maryland Iowa Alabama Vermont Virginia South Carolina D.C. Connecticut New Hampshire Illinois Indiana Georgia Massachusetts New Jersey Ohio Tennessee Kentucky Pennsylvania West Virginia United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 28 30 31 32 33 33 33 33 37 37 39 40 40 42 42 42 45 46 46 46 49 50 50 –

Area

2010 Rank

Alaska New Mexico Oklahoma South Dakota Montana Arizona North Dakota Wyoming Washington Nevada Utah Idaho Oregon North Carolina Minnesota Kansas Colorado California Wisconsin Nebraska Michigan Arkansas Maine Hawaii Louisiana Rhode Island Alabama Texas Missouri New York Mississippi Delaware Vermont Florida Maryland Iowa Virginia D.C. South Carolina Indiana Georgia Tennessee Connecticut Massachusetts New Jersey Illinois Ohio New Hampshire Kentucky West Virginia Pennsylvania United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

222

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 28 28 30 31 32 32 34 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 41 43 43 45 45 45 45 49 50 51 –

Area Alaska New Mexico South Dakota Oklahoma Montana North Dakota Arizona Wyoming Washington Oregon Idaho North Carolina Nevada Utah Minnesota Colorado Nebraska Kansas California Wisconsin Arkansas Texas Louisiana Maine Michigan Alabama Rhode Island New York Mississippi Delaware Missouri South Carolina Florida Virginia Iowa D.C. Maryland Vermont Illinois Georgia New Jersey Tennessee Connecticut Hawaii Massachusetts Indiana New Hampshire Kentucky Ohio Pennsylvania West Virginia United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 36 39 40 40 42 43 43 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Asian Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 0.3 2.0 0.8 0.3 5.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.5 60.5 0.6 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.8 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.3 1.2 2.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.6

0.5 3.6 1.5 0.5 9.6 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.2 1.2 61.8 0.9 2.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.9 2.4 1.1 1.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 3.2 0.8 3.5 0.9 3.9 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.1 2.4 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.9 1.9 0.6 2.6 4.3 0.4 1.1 0.6 2.9

1980 2010 1.1 5.4 2.8 1.2 13.1 2.8 3.8 3.2 3.5 2.4 3.3 38.6 1.2 4.6 1.6 1.7 2.4 1.1 1.6 1.0 5.5 5.3 2.4 4.0 0.9 1.6 0.6 1.8 7.2 2.2 8.3 1.4 7.3 2.2 1.0 1.7 1.7 3.7 2.8 2.9 1.3 0.9 1.4 3.8 2.0 1.3 5.5 7.2 0.7 2.3 0.8 4.8

Area Hawaii California Washington Alaska New York Nevada Maryland New Jersey Illinois Oregon Virginia Colorado D.C. Utah Massachusetts Texas Arizona Delaware Minnesota Kansas Idaho Connecticut Michigan Florida Louisiana Oklahoma Rhode Island Pennsylvania New Mexico Missouri Nebraska Georgia Ohio Wyoming Iowa Wisconsin South Carolina Indiana North Carolina Montana New Hampshire Tennessee North Dakota Mississippi Arkansas Kentucky West Virginia Vermont Maine Alabama South Dakota United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 42 44 44 46 46 48 48 50 50 –

Area

2010 Rank

Hawaii California Washington New York Alaska New Jersey Nevada Maryland Virginia Illinois Oregon Massachusetts Utah Texas D.C. Rhode Island Colorado Minnesota Connecticut Arizona Delaware Kansas Florida Georgia Pennsylvania Michigan Wisconsin Oklahoma Louisiana New Mexico Idaho Iowa Ohio New Hampshire Missouri Nebraska North Carolina Indiana Tennessee South Carolina Wyoming Vermont North Dakota Alabama Maine Montana Arkansas Mississippi Kentucky South Dakota West Virginia United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 32 33 33 35 36 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 43 46 46 48 49 50 51 –

Area Hawaii California New Jersey New York Nevada Washington Maryland Virginia Alaska Massachusetts Illinois Minnesota Texas Connecticut Oregon D.C. Georgia Delaware Rhode Island Arizona Colorado Pennsylvania Florida Michigan Kansas Wisconsin North Carolina New Hampshire Utah Nebraska Iowa Oklahoma Ohio Missouri Indiana Louisiana Tennessee New Mexico South Carolina Vermont Arkansas Idaho Kentucky Alabama North Dakota Maine South Dakota Mississippi Wyoming West Virginia Montana United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Note: In the 1980/1990 Census, the Asian category included Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanders. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

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Hispanic Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 0.9 2.3 16.3 0.7 19.2 11.8 4.0 1.6 2.8 8.8 1.1 7.4 3.9 5.6 1.6 0.9 2.7 0.7 2.4 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.8 6.8 0.6 6.7 36.6 9.5 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.9 2.5 1.3 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.7 21.0 4.1 0.7 1.5 2.9 0.7 1.3 5.2 6.5

0.6 3.2 18.8 0.9 25.8 12.9 6.5 2.4 5.4 12.2 1.7 7.3 5.3 7.9 1.8 1.2 3.8 0.6 2.2 0.6 2.6 4.8 2.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.5 2.3 10.4 1.0 9.6 38.2 12.3 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.7 4.0 2.0 4.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 25.6 4.9 0.7 2.6 4.4 0.5 1.9 5.7 9.0

1980 2010 3.9 5.5 29.7 6.4 37.6 20.7 13.4 8.2 9.1 22.5 8.8 8.9 11.2 15.8 6.0 5.0 10.5 3.1 4.3 1.3 8.2 9.6 4.4 4.7 2.8 3.6 2.9 9.2 26.5 2.8 17.7 46.3 17.6 8.4 2.0 3.1 8.9 11.8 5.7 12.4 5.1 2.7 4.6 37.6 13.0 1.5 7.9 11.2 1.2 5.9 8.9 16.4

Area New Mexico Texas California Arizona Colorado New York Florida Hawaii Nevada New Jersey Illinois Wyoming Utah Connecticut Idaho Washington D.C. Kansas Oregon Massachusetts Louisiana Alaska Rhode Island Oklahoma Nebraska Michigan Delaware Indiana Maryland Virginia Wisconsin Pennsylvania Montana Georgia Ohio South Carolina Missouri Mississippi North Carolina Iowa Alabama Minnesota Arkansas Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia Vermont New Hampshire South Dakota North Dakota Maine United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 43 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

New Mexico California Texas Arizona Colorado New York Florida Nevada New Jersey Illinois Hawaii Connecticut Wyoming D.C. Idaho Utah Massachusetts Rhode Island Washington Oregon Kansas Alaska Oklahoma Maryland Virginia Delaware Nebraska Louisiana Michigan Pennsylvania Wisconsin Indiana Georgia Montana Ohio Minnesota Missouri Iowa North Carolina New Hampshire South Carolina Arkansas South Dakota North Dakota Tennessee Vermont Mississippi Alabama Kentucky Maine West Virginia United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

224

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area New Mexico California Texas Arizona Nevada Florida Colorado New Jersey New York Illinois Connecticut Utah Rhode Island Oregon Washington Idaho Kansas Massachusetts Nebraska D.C. Wyoming Hawaii Oklahoma Georgia North Carolina Delaware Maryland Virginia Arkansas Indiana Wisconsin Pennsylvania Alaska South Carolina Iowa Minnesota Tennessee Michigan Louisiana Alabama Missouri Ohio Kentucky Montana New Hampshire Mississippi South Dakota North Dakota Vermont Maine West Virginia United States

Rank 1 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Foreign-Born Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 1.0 4.0 6.0 1.0 15.1 3.9 8.6 3.2 6.4 10.9 1.7 14.2 2.5 7.2 1.9 1.6 2.0 0.9 2.0 3.9 4.6 8.7 4.5 2.6 0.9 1.7 2.3 2.0 6.7 4.4 10.3 4.0 13.6 1.3 2.3 2.8 1.9 4.1 3.4 8.9 1.5 1.4 1.1 6.0 3.5 4.1 3.3 5.8 1.1 2.7 2.0 6.2

1.1 4.5 7.6 1.1 21.7 4.3 8.5 3.3 9.7 12.9 2.7 14.7 2.9 8.3 1.7 1.6 2.5 0.9 2.1 3.0 6.6 9.5 3.8 2.6 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 8.7 3.7 12.5 5.3 15.9 1.7 1.5 2.4 2.1 4.9 3.1 9.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 9.0 3.4 3.1 5.0 6.6 0.9 2.5 1.7 7.9

1980 2010 3.4 7.2 14.2 4.3 27.2 9.8 13.2 8.2 13.0 19.2 9.6 17.7 5.9 13.6 4.4 4.1 6.3 3.1 3.6 3.3 13.2 14.5 5.9 7.0 2.2 3.7 2.0 5.9 19.3 5.3 20.3 9.7 21.7 7.4 2.4 3.8 5.2 9.7 5.6 12.6 4.7 2.3 4.4 16.1 8.2 4.0 10.8 12.7 1.3 4.6 3.1 12.7

Area California Hawaii New York Florida New Jersey Rhode Island Massachusetts Connecticut Illinois Nevada D.C. Texas Arizona Washington Maryland Michigan New Hampshire Oregon Vermont New Mexico Alaska Colorado Maine Utah Pennsylvania Virginia Delaware Ohio Wisconsin Minnesota Idaho Montana North Dakota Wyoming Kansas Louisiana Nebraska Oklahoma Indiana Georgia Missouri Iowa South Carolina South Dakota North Carolina Tennessee West Virginia Alabama Arkansas Mississippi Kentucky United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 20 22 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 34 34 34 34 38 38 40 40 42 43 44 45 46 46 48 48 50 50 –

Area

2010 Rank

California New York Hawaii Florida New Jersey D.C. Massachusetts Rhode Island Texas Nevada Connecticut Illinois Arizona Washington Maryland New Mexico Virginia Oregon Alaska Colorado Michigan New Hampshire Utah Delaware Pennsylvania Vermont Maine Idaho Georgia Minnesota Kansas Wisconsin Ohio Oklahoma Louisiana Nebraska Wyoming Indiana Montana North Carolina Missouri Iowa North Dakota South Carolina Tennessee Arkansas South Dakota Alabama Kentucky West Virginia Mississippi United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 31 33 34 34 36 37 37 37 37 41 41 43 44 45 46 46 46 49 49 51 –

Area California New York New Jersey Nevada Florida Hawaii Texas Massachusetts Arizona Illinois Connecticut Maryland D.C. Washington Rhode Island Virginia Colorado New Mexico Oregon Georgia Delaware Utah North Carolina Alaska Minnesota Kansas Idaho Michigan Nebraska Pennsylvania New Hampshire Oklahoma South Carolina Wisconsin Indiana Tennessee Arkansas Iowa Vermont Ohio Missouri Louisiana Alabama Maine Kentucky Wyoming North Dakota South Dakota Mississippi Montana West Virginia United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 21 23 24 25 26 27 27 27 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 51 –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

225

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This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Urban Population 1980

Area

Percent of Population 1980 1990

2010

Area

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

60.0 64.3 83.8 51.6 91.3 80.6 78.8 70.6 100.0 84.3 62.4 86.5 54.0 83.3 64.2 58.6 66.7 50.9 68.6 47.5 80.3 83.8 70.7 66.9 47.3 68.1 52.9 62.9 85.3 52.2 89.0 72.1 84.6 48.0 48.8 73.3 67.3 67.9 69.3 87.0 54.1 46.4 60.4 79.6 84.4 33.8 66.0 73.5 36.2 64.2 62.7 73.7

55.0 60.5 86.7 52.0 93.2 82.0 87.9 80.1 100.0 89.3 70.7 90.0 63.8 87.3 72.1 61.4 71.1 55.9 72.1 36.6 86.4 91.1 72.2 68.3 48.7 68.3 52.0 68.4 90.6 55.6 94.7 73.7 85.6 59.1 54.0 78.9 65.1 77.9 76.4 90.9 61.2 51.6 63.6 80.7 85.4 33.6 71.4 81.3 46.4 65.8 62.4 77.6

D.C. California New Jersey Rhode Island Hawaii Nevada New York Utah Florida Arizona Massachusetts Illinois Colorado Maryland Texas Connecticut Washington Ohio New Mexico Michigan Delaware Pennsylvania Louisiana Missouri Oregon Oklahoma Minnesota Kansas Virginia Alaska Indiana Wisconsin Nebraska Wyoming Georgia Tennessee Alabama Iowa South Carolina Idaho Montana New Hampshire Arkansas Kentucky North Dakota North Carolina Maine Mississippi South Dakota West Virginia Vermont United States

60.4 67.5 87.5 53.5 92.6 82.4 79.1 73.0 100.0 84.8 63.2 89.0 57.4 84.6 64.9 60.6 69.1 51.8 68.1 44.6 81.3 84.3 70.5 69.9 47.1 68.7 52.5 66.1 88.3 51.0 89.4 73.0 84.3 50.4 53.3 74.1 67.7 70.5 68.9 86.0 54.6 50.0 60.9 80.3 87.0 32.2 69.4 76.4 36.1 65.7 65.0 75.2

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

D.C. California New Jersey Hawaii Nevada Arizona Utah Rhode Island Florida Illinois New York Massachusetts Colorado Maryland Texas Connecticut Washington Ohio New Mexico Delaware Oregon Michigan Minnesota Virginia Kansas Pennsylvania Missouri Louisiana Oklahoma Alaska Nebraska Wisconsin Wyoming Indiana Georgia Tennessee Iowa Alabama Idaho South Carolina Arkansas North Dakota Montana Kentucky New Hampshire North Carolina South Dakota Mississippi Maine West Virginia Vermont United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

226

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area D.C. New Jersey California Massachusetts Rhode Island Nevada Hawaii Florida Connecticut Illinois Arizona Maryland New York Utah Colorado Washington Texas Delaware Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania New Mexico Michigan Indiana Louisiana Virginia Kansas Georgia Nebraska Minnesota Missouri Wisconsin Oklahoma Idaho Tennessee Wyoming Iowa South Carolina Alaska North Carolina Kentucky New Hampshire Alabama North Dakota Arkansas Montana South Dakota Mississippi West Virginia Maine Vermont United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 28 29 30 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 51 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Rural Population Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 40.0 35.7 16.2 48.4 8.7 19.4 21.2 29.4 n/a 15.7 37.6 13.5 46.0 16.7 35.8 41.4 33.3 49.1 31.4 52.5 19.7 16.2 29.3 33.1 52.7 31.9 47.1 37.1 14.7 47.8 11.0 27.9 15.4 52.0 51.2 26.7 32.7 32.1 30.7 13.0 45.9 53.6 39.6 20.4 15.6 66.2 34.0 26.5 63.8 35.8 37.3 26.3

39.6 32.5 12.5 46.5 7.4 17.6 20.9 27.0 n/a 15.2 36.8 11.0 42.6 15.4 35.1 39.4 30.9 48.2 31.9 55.4 18.7 15.7 29.5 30.1 52.9 31.3 47.5 33.9 11.7 49.0 10.6 27.0 15.7 49.6 46.7 25.9 32.3 29.5 31.1 14.0 45.4 50.0 39.1 19.7 13.0 67.8 30.6 23.6 63.9 34.3 35.0 24.8

1980 2010 45.0 39.5 13.3 48.0 6.8 18.0 12.1 19.9 n/a 10.7 29.3 10.0 36.2 12.7 27.9 38.6 28.9 44.1 27.9 63.4 13.6 8.9 27.8 31.7 51.3 31.7 48.0 31.6 9.4 44.4 5.3 26.3 14.4 40.9 46.0 21.1 34.9 22.1 23.6 9.1 38.8 48.4 36.4 19.3 14.6 66.4 28.6 18.7 53.6 34.2 37.6 22.4

Area Vermont West Virginia South Dakota Mississippi Maine North Carolina North Dakota Kentucky Arkansas New Hampshire Montana Idaho South Carolina Iowa Alabama Tennessee Georgia Wyoming Nebraska Indiana Wisconsin Alaska Virginia Kansas Minnesota Oklahoma Oregon Missouri Louisiana Pennsylvania Delaware Michigan New Mexico Ohio Washington Connecticut Texas Maryland Colorado Illinois Arizona Massachusetts Florida Utah New York Nevada Hawaii Rhode Island New Jersey California D.C. United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 n/a –

Area

2010 Rank

Vermont West Virginia Maine Mississippi South Dakota North Carolina New Hampshire Kentucky Montana North Dakota Arkansas South Carolina Idaho Alabama Iowa Tennessee Georgia Indiana Wyoming Wisconsin Nebraska Alaska Oklahoma Louisiana Missouri Pennsylvania Kansas Virginia Minnesota Oregon Michigan New Mexico Delaware Ohio Washington Connecticut Texas Maryland Colorado New York Massachusetts Illinois Florida Rhode Island Utah Arizona Nevada Hawaii New Jersey California D.C. United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 32 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 n/a –

Area Vermont Maine West Virginia Mississippi South Dakota Arkansas Montana North Dakota Alabama New Hampshire Kentucky North Carolina Alaska South Carolina Iowa Wyoming Tennessee Idaho Oklahoma Wisconsin Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Georgia Kansas Virginia Indiana Louisiana Michigan New Mexico Pennsylvania Oregon Ohio Delaware Texas Washington Colorado Utah New York Maryland Arizona Illinois Connecticut Florida Hawaii Nevada Rhode Island Massachusetts California New Jersey D.C. United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 23 24 25 26 27 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 n/a –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

227

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This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Males per 100 Females .

1980

Area

Males per 100 Females 1980 1990 2010

Area

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

92.5 112.8 96.9 93.5 97.2 98.5 93.1 93.1 86.1 92.2 93.5 105.2 99.7 94.0 94.4 94.6 95.9 95.6 94.2 94.4 94.0 90.8 95.2 96.1 92.9 92.7 99.6 95.3 102.4 95.0 92.2 97.2 90.5 94.3 101.3 93.5 95.4 97.0 91.9 91.0 94.7 97.3 93.3 96.8 98.4 94.9 96.0 98.7 94.1 96.0 105.0 94.5

Alaska Hawaii Wyoming Nevada North Dakota Idaho Montana Washington Colorado Utah South Dakota New Mexico California Oregon Arizona Texas Minnesota Virginia Wisconsin Kansas Kentucky Oklahoma Nebraska Michigan New Hampshire Vermont South Carolina Iowa Indiana Maine North Carolina Louisiana West Virginia Illinois Maryland Georgia Ohio Arkansas Tennessee Connecticut Delaware Mississippi Missouri Alabama Florida New Jersey Pennsylvania Rhode Island Massachusetts New York D.C. United States

92.0 111.4 97.6 93.1 100.2 98.1 94.0 94.1 87.4 93.8 94.3 103.6 99.0 94.5 94.1 93.9 96.2 94.0 92.8 94.9 94.1 92.4 94.4 96.2 91.7 92.9 98.1 95.1 103.7 96.1 93.5 96.8 92.1 94.1 99.3 93.0 94.8 96.7 92.0 92.2 93.9 96.9 92.9 97.0 98.7 95.9 96.2 98.4 92.4 95.8 100.2 95.1

94.3 108.5 98.7 96.5 98.8 100.5 94.8 93.9 89.5 95.6 95.4 100.3 100.4 96.2 96.8 98.1 98.4 96.8 95.9 95.8 93.6 93.7 96.3 98.5 94.4 96.0 100.8 98.5 102.0 97.3 94.8 97.7 93.8 95.0 102.1 95.4 98.0 98.0 95.1 93.4 94.7 100.1 95.1 98.4 100.9 97.1 96.3 99.3 97.3 98.5 104.1 96.7

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 33 34 34 36 36 36 39 40 40 42 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

Alaska Nevada Hawaii California Wyoming North Dakota Idaho Utah Washington Colorado Montana Arizona Texas South Dakota New Mexico Oregon Kansas Virginia Minnesota New Hampshire Vermont Wisconsin Nebraska Maine Oklahoma Illinois Michigan Georgia Maryland Delaware Indiana North Carolina Connecticut Kentucky Iowa South Carolina Florida New Jersey Arkansas Ohio Missouri Tennessee Louisiana Massachusetts West Virginia Rhode Island New York Pennsylvania Alabama Mississippi D.C. United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

228

1 2 3 4 4 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 29 29 33 33 35 35 37 38 39 40 41 41 43 44 44 46 47 48 48 50 51 –

Area Alaska Wyoming North Dakota Nevada Utah Montana Colorado Idaho Hawaii South Dakota Washington California Arizona Minnesota Nebraska Wisconsin Kansas Texas Iowa Oklahoma Oregon New Mexico New Hampshire West Virginia Vermont Indiana Kentucky Arkansas Michigan Virginia Illinois Missouri Louisiana Maine Florida Georgia Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee North Carolina Connecticut New Jersey South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Delaware New York Massachusetts Maryland Rhode Island D.C. United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 14 17 17 19 20 20 22 23 23 25 26 26 28 29 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 38 38 40 41 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Median Age Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

1980

1980

Years 1990

2010

29.2 26.0 29.2 30.6 29.9 28.6 32.0 29.7 31.0 34.7 28.6 28.3 27.5 29.9 29.2 30.0 30.1 29.1 27.3 30.4 30.3 31.1 28.8 29.2 27.6 30.8 29.0 29.7 30.2 30.1 32.2 27.3 31.8 29.6 28.1 29.9 30.1 30.2 32.1 31.7 28.0 28.8 30.1 28.0 24.2 29.4 29.8 29.8 30.4 29.4 27.0 30.0

32.9 29.3 32.0 33.7 31.3 32.4 34.3 32.7 33.2 36.2 31.4 32.5 31.5 32.7 32.7 34.0 32.8 32.9 30.9 33.8 32.9 33.4 32.5 32.4 31.1 33.4 33.8 32.9 33.2 32.7 34.3 31.1 33.7 33.0 32.3 33.3 33.1 34.5 34.9 33.8 31.9 32.4 33.5 30.6 26.2 32.9 32.5 33.0 35.3 32.8 32.0 32.8

37.9 33.8 35.9 37.4 35.2 36.1 40.0 38.8 33.8 40.7 35.3 38.6 34.6 36.6 37.0 38.1 36.0 38.1 35.8 42.7 38.0 39.1 38.9 37.4 36.0 37.9 39.8 36.2 36.3 41.1 39.0 36.7 38.0 37.4 37.0 38.8 36.2 38.4 40.1 39.4 37.9 36.9 38.0 33.6 29.2 41.5 37.5 37.3 41.3 38.5 36.8 37.2

Area Alaska Hawaii Wyoming Nevada North Dakota Idaho Montana Washington Colorado Utah South Dakota New Mexico California Oregon Arizona Texas Minnesota Virginia Wisconsin Kansas Kentucky Oklahoma Nebraska Michigan New Hampshire Vermont South Carolina Iowa Indiana Maine North Carolina Louisiana West Virginia Illinois Maryland Georgia Ohio Arkansas Tennessee Connecticut Delaware Mississippi Missouri Alabama Florida New Jersey Pennsylvania Rhode Island Massachusetts New York D.C. United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 33 34 34 36 36 36 39 40 40 42 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

Alaska Nevada Hawaii California Wyoming North Dakota Idaho Utah Washington Colorado Montana Arizona Texas South Dakota New Mexico Oregon Kansas Virginia Minnesota New Hampshire Vermont Wisconsin Nebraska Maine Oklahoma Illinois Michigan Georgia Maryland Delaware Indiana North Carolina Connecticut Kentucky Iowa South Carolina Florida New Jersey Arkansas Ohio Missouri Tennessee Louisiana Massachusetts West Virginia Rhode Island New York Pennsylvania Alabama Mississippi D.C. United States

1 2 3 4 4 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 29 29 33 33 35 35 37 38 39 40 41 41 43 44 44 46 47 48 48 50 51 –

Area Alaska Wyoming North Dakota Nevada Utah Montana Colorado Idaho Hawaii South Dakota Washington California Arizona Minnesota Nebraska Wisconsin Kansas Texas Iowa Oklahoma Oregon New Mexico New Hampshire West Virginia Vermont Indiana Kentucky Arkansas Michigan Virginia Illinois Missouri Louisiana Maine Florida Georgia Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee North Carolina Connecticut New Jersey South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Delaware New York Massachusetts Maryland Rhode Island D.C. United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 14 17 17 19 20 20 22 23 23 25 26 26 28 29 29 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 38 38 40 41 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

229

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High School Graduates Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 56.5 82.5 72.4 55.5 73.5 78.6 70.3 68.6 67.1 66.7 56.4 73.8 73.7 66.5 66.4 71.5 73.3 53.1 57.7 68.7 67.4 72.2 68.0 73.1 54.8 63.5 74.4 73.4 75.5 72.3 67.4 68.9 66.3 54.8 66.4 67.0 66.0 75.6 64.7 61.1 53.7 67.9 56.2 62.6 80.0 71.0 62.4 77.6 56.0 69.6 77.9 66.5

66.9 86.6 78.7 66.3 76.2 84.4 79.2 77.5 73.1 74.4 70.9 80.1 79.7 76.2 75.6 80.1 81.3 64.6 68.3 78.8 78.4 80.0 76.8 82.4 64.3 73.9 81.0 81.8 78.8 82.2 76.7 75.1 74.8 70.0 76.7 75.7 74.6 81.5 74.7 72.0 68.3 77.1 67.1 72.1 85.1 80.8 75.2 83.8 66.0 78.6 83.0 75.2

1980 2010 82.1 91.0 85.6 82.9 80.7 89.7 88.6 87.7 87.4 85.5 84.3 89.9 88.3 86.9 87.0 90.6 89.2 81.9 81.9 90.3 88.1 89.1 88.7 91.8 81.0 86.9 91.7 90.4 84.7 91.5 88.0 83.3 84.9 84.7 90.3 88.1 86.2 88.8 88.4 83.5 84.1 89.6 83.6 80.7 90.6 91.0 86.5 89.8 83.2 90.1 92.3 85.6

Area Alaska Utah Colorado Wyoming Washington Oregon Nevada Montana Hawaii Idaho California Nebraska Kansas Minnesota Arizona New Hampshire Massachusetts Iowa Vermont Connecticut Wisconsin New Mexico Maine Delaware Michigan South Dakota New Jersey Maryland D.C. Ohio Florida Illinois Indiana North Dakota New York Oklahoma Pennsylvania Missouri Texas Virginia Rhode Island Louisiana Alabama Georgia Tennessee West Virginia Arkansas Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Kentucky United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 48 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

Alaska Utah Colorado Washington Wyoming Minnesota New Hampshire Nebraska Oregon Kansas Montana Vermont Hawaii Iowa Massachusetts Idaho Connecticut Nevada Maine Arizona Wisconsin Maryland Delaware South Dakota Michigan New Jersey North Dakota California Illinois Ohio Indiana Virginia New Mexico New York Pennsylvania Oklahoma Florida Missouri D.C. Texas Rhode Island Georgia North Carolina Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Alabama Arkansas West Virginia Kentucky Mississippi United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

230

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 28 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area Wyoming Minnesota Montana New Hampshire Alaska Vermont Iowa Utah Nebraska Maine North Dakota Wisconsin Hawaii Washington Colorado South Dakota Kansas Massachusetts Oregon Michigan Connecticut Pennsylvania Idaho Maryland Ohio New Jersey Delaware D.C. Indiana Illinois Missouri Virginia Oklahoma Arizona Florida New York Nevada North Carolina Georgia South Carolina Tennessee Rhode Island New Mexico West Virginia Arkansas Alabama Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi California Texas United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 7 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 28 29 30 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 47 49 50 50 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

College Graduates Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 12.2 21.1 17.4 10.8 19.6 23.0 20.7 17.5 27.5 14.9 14.6 20.3 15.8 16.2 12.5 13.9 17.0 11.1 13.9 14.4 20.4 20.0 14.3 17.4 12.3 13.9 17.5 15.5 14.4 18.2 18.3 17.6 17.9 13.2 14.8 13.7 15.1 17.9 13.6 15.4 13.4 14.0 12.6 16.9 19.9 19.0 19.1 19.0 10.4 14.8 17.2 16.2

15.7 23.0 20.3 13.3 23.4 27.0 27.2 21.4 33.3 18.3 19.3 22.9 17.7 21.0 15.6 16.9 21.1 13.6 16.1 18.8 26.5 27.2 17.4 21.8 14.7 17.8 19.8 18.9 15.3 24.4 24.9 20.4 23.1 17.4 18.1 17.0 17.8 20.6 17.9 21.3 16.6 17.2 16.0 20.3 22.3 24.3 24.5 22.9 12.3 17.7 18.8 20.3

1980 2010 21.9 27.9 25.9 19.5 30.1 36.4 35.5 27.8 50.1 25.8 27.3 29.5 24.4 30.8 22.7 24.9 29.8 20.5 21.4 26.8 36.1 39.0 25.2 31.8 19.5 25.6 28.8 28.6 21.7 32.8 35.4 25.0 32.5 26.5 27.6 24.6 22.9 28.8 27.1 30.2 24.5 26.3 23.1 25.9 29.3 33.6 34.2 31.1 17.5 26.3 24.1 28.2

Area D.C. Colorado Alaska Connecticut Maryland Hawaii Massachusetts Utah California Virginia Washington Vermont New Jersey New Hampshire New York Oregon New Mexico Delaware Montana Arizona Minnesota Wyoming Kansas Texas Illinois Idaho Nebraska Rhode Island Oklahoma Florida Wisconsin North Dakota Georgia Nevada Maine Michigan South Dakota Louisiana Missouri Iowa Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina North Carolina Tennessee Indiana Mississippi Alabama Kentucky Arkansas West Virginia United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 15 15 17 18 18 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 33 34 34 36 37 38 38 38 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

D.C. Connecticut Massachusetts Colorado Maryland New Jersey Virginia New Hampshire Vermont California New York Alaska Hawaii Washington Utah Minnesota Delaware Rhode Island Kansas Illinois Oregon New Mexico Texas Arizona Montana Georgia Nebraska Wyoming Maine Florida North Dakota Pennsylvania Oklahoma Missouri Idaho Wisconsin Michigan North Carolina South Dakota Ohio Iowa South Carolina Louisiana Tennessee Alabama Indiana Nevada Mississippi Kentucky Arkansas West Virginia United States

1 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 25 26 27 28 28 30 31 32 33 33 35 35 37 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area D.C. Massachusetts Colorado Maryland Connecticut New Jersey Virginia Vermont New Hampshire New York Minnesota Washington Illinois Rhode Island California Kansas Hawaii Utah Montana Oregon Nebraska Alaska Delaware North Dakota Georgia Pennsylvania Maine North Carolina South Dakota Wisconsin Arizona Texas Florida Missouri Michigan New Mexico Iowa Ohio South Carolina Idaho Wyoming Tennessee Oklahoma Indiana Alabama Nevada Louisiana Kentucky Arkansas Mississippi West Virginia United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 51 –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

231

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This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

One-Person Households Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 20.4 20.1 20.9 21.3 24.7 23.5 21.6 20.9 39.5 23.6 20.5 17.1 19.9 24.0 21.4 23.4 23.8 20.0 21.3 21.3 20.8 24.4 21.1 23.2 20.4 23.8 23.4 24.3 24.6 21.2 21.1 21.0 26.0 20.0 22.9 22.4 23.4 23.5 22.7 24.0 19.2 23.5 20.4 21.7 17.2 22.0 20.5 24.2 20.7 22.5 21.3 22.7

23.8 22.1 24.7 24.0 23.4 26.6 24.2 23.2 41.5 25.5 22.7 19.4 22.4 25.7 24.1 25.9 25.9 23.3 23.7 23.3 22.6 25.8 23.7 25.1 23.4 26.0 26.3 26.5 25.7 22.0 23.1 23.0 27.2 23.7 26.5 25.0 25.6 25.3 25.6 26.2 22.4 26.4 23.9 23.9 18.9 23.4 22.9 25.4 24.5 24.3 24.5 24.6

1980 2010 27.4 25.6 26.1 27.1 23.3 27.9 27.3 25.6 44.0 27.2 25.4 23.3 23.8 27.8 26.9 28.4 27.8 27.5 26.9 28.6 26.1 28.7 27.9 28.0 26.3 28.3 29.7 28.7 25.7 25.6 25.2 28.0 29.1 27.0 31.5 28.9 27.5 27.4 28.6 29.6 26.5 29.4 26.9 24.2 18.7 28.2 26.0 27.2 28.4 28.2 28.0 26.7

Area D.C. New York California Nevada Massachusetts Nebraska Washington Illinois Rhode Island Kansas Missouri Florida Colorado Oregon South Dakota Oklahoma Montana Iowa Minnesota North Dakota Pennsylvania Wisconsin Ohio Vermont Texas Connecticut Indiana Wyoming Louisiana Arkansas Maine New Hampshire New Jersey Michigan New Mexico Arizona Delaware Maryland West Virginia Virginia Georgia Mississippi Alabama Tennessee Alaska North Carolina Kentucky Idaho South Carolina Utah Hawaii United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 10 10 12 13 13 13 16 16 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 28 28 32 33 33 35 36 36 38 39 40 40 42 42 42 45 46 46 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

D.C. New York Colorado Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Montana Rhode Island Missouri Kansas Iowa Massachusetts Nevada Illinois Oklahoma Pennsylvania Florida Washington Oregon Minnesota Ohio Arizona Wyoming West Virginia Wisconsin Connecticut Indiana Arkansas Texas Tennessee Alabama Louisiana Michigan North Carolina California Vermont Mississippi Kentucky Maine Delaware New Jersey New Mexico Virginia Georgia Maryland Idaho South Carolina Alaska New Hampshire Hawaii Utah United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

232

1 2 3 4 4 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 13 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 25 26 27 28 29 29 31 32 32 32 35 35 35 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 46 48 49 50 51 –

Area D.C. North Dakota Montana Rhode Island South Dakota New York Ohio Massachusetts Nebraska Maine Pennsylvania Iowa West Virginia Missouri Vermont Wisconsin Minnesota New Mexico Wyoming Colorado Michigan Illinois Kansas Kentucky Oklahoma Alabama Oregon Connecticut Florida Washington Arkansas North Carolina Indiana Louisiana Tennessee South Carolina Mississippi Arizona Maryland Virginia Nevada Alaska Delaware New Hampshire Georgia New Jersey Texas Idaho California Hawaii Utah United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 15 15 17 17 17 20 20 22 22 24 24 26 26 28 29 29 31 32 33 33 33 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 42 42 45 46 47 48 49 49 51 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Homeownership Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Population 1980 1990 70.1 58.3 68.3 70.5 55.9 64.5 63.9 69.1 35.5 68.3 65.0 51.7 72.0 62.6 71.7 71.8 70.2 70.0 65.5 70.9 62.0 57.5 72.7 71.7 71.0 69.6 68.6 68.4 59.6 67.6 62.0 68.1 48.6 68.4 68.7 68.4 70.7 65.1 69.9 58.8 70.2 69.3 68.6 64.3 70.7 68.7 65.6 65.6 73.6 68.2 69.2 64.4

70.5 56.1 64.2 69.6 55.6 62.2 65.6 70.2 38.9 67.2 64.9 53.9 70.1 64.2 70.2 70.0 67.9 69.6 65.9 70.5 65.0 59.3 71.0 71.8 71.5 68.8 67.3 66.5 54.8 68.2 64.9 67.4 52.2 68.0 65.6 67.5 68.1 63.1 70.6 59.5 69.8 66.1 68.0 60.9 68.1 69.0 66.3 62.6 74.1 66.7 67.8 64.2

1980 2010 69.7 63.1 66.0 66.9 56.0 65.5 67.5 72.0 42.0 67.3 65.7 57.7 69.9 67.4 69.8 72.1 67.7 68.7 67.3 71.3 67.5 62.3 72.1 73.1 69.6 68.8 68.0 67.2 58.8 70.9 65.4 68.5 53.3 66.7 65.4 67.6 67.3 62.1 69.6 60.7 69.3 68.1 68.2 63.7 70.5 70.7 67.2 63.9 73.4 68.1 69.3 65.1

Area West Virginia Michigan Idaho Iowa Indiana Minnesota Mississippi Maine Utah Oklahoma Arkansas Kansas South Carolina Alabama Kentucky Pennsylvania Missouri South Dakota Wyoming Delaware Vermont North Dakota Montana Tennessee Nebraska Ohio North Carolina Arizona Florida Wisconsin New Mexico New Hampshire Washington Virginia Louisiana Oregon Georgia Colorado Texas Connecticut Illinois New Jersey Maryland Nevada Rhode Island Alaska Massachusetts California Hawaii New York D.C. United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 9 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 23 23 25 25 25 28 28 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

West Virginia Minnesota Mississippi Michigan Pennsylvania Alabama Maine Delaware Indiana Idaho Iowa South Carolina Arkansas Kentucky Vermont Missouri New Hampshire Utah Oklahoma North Carolina Tennessee Kansas Wyoming Ohio New Mexico Montana Florida Wisconsin Nebraska Virginia South Dakota Louisiana Connecticut North Dakota Maryland New Jersey Georgia Arizona Illinois Oregon Washington Colorado Texas Rhode Island Massachusetts Alaska California Nevada Hawaii New York D.C. United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 6 8 8 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 18 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 36 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area West Virginia Minnesota Iowa Michigan Delaware Maine New Hampshire Vermont Utah Idaho Indiana Alabama Mississippi Pennsylvania South Carolina Wyoming Missouri Kentucky New Mexico Tennessee South Dakota Wisconsin Montana Kansas Ohio Connecticut Maryland Illinois Florida Louisiana Oklahoma Nebraska Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Arizona Georgia Colorado New Jersey North Dakota Washington Texas Alaska Massachusetts Oregon Rhode Island Nevada Hawaii California New York D.C. United States

Rank 1 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 21 23 24 25 26 26 28 29 29 29 32 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

233

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This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Median Home Value Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Median Home Value ($) 1980 1990 2010 33,900 76,300 54,800 31,100 84,500 64,100 65,600 44,400 68,800 45,100 36,900 118,100 45,600 52,800 37,200 40,600 37,800 34,200 43,000 37,900 58,300 48,400 39,000 53,100 31,400 36,700 46,500 38,000 68,700 48,000 60,200 45,300 45,600 36,000 43,900 44,900 35,600 56,900 39,100 46,800 35,100 36,600 35,600 39,100 57,300 42,200 48,000 59,900 38,500 48,600 59,800 47,200

53,700 94,400 80,100 46,300 195,500 82,700 177,800 100,100 123,900 77,100 71,300 245,300 58,200 80,900 53,900 45,900 52,200 50,500 58,500 87,400 116,500 162,800 60,600 74,000 45,600 59,800 56,600 50,400 95,700 129,400 162,300 70,100 131,600 65,800 50,800 63,500 48,100 67,100 69,700 133,500 61,100 45,200 58,400 59,600 68,900 95,500 91,000 93,400 47,900 62,500 61,600 79,100

123,900 241,400 168,800 106,300 370,900 236,600 288,800 243,600 426,900 164,200 156,200 525,400 165,100 191,800 123,300 123,400 127,300 121,600 137,500 179,100 301,400 334,100 123,300 194,300 100,100 139,000 181,200 127,600 174,800 243,000 339,200 161,200 296,500 154,200 123,000 134,400 111,400 244,500 165,500 254,500 138,100 129,700 139,000 128,100 217,200 216,800 249,100 271,800 95,100 169,400 180,100 179,900

1980 Area Hawaii California Alaska D.C. Nevada Connecticut Colorado New Jersey Washington Wyoming Maryland Utah Oregon Arizona Minnesota Illinois Wisconsin Massachusetts Virginia New Hampshire Rhode Island Montana New York Idaho New Mexico Florida Ohio Delaware North Dakota Louisiana Vermont Iowa Texas Pennsylvania Michigan West Virginia Nebraska Maine Kansas Indiana Georgia Missouri South Dakota North Carolina Oklahoma Tennessee South Carolina Kentucky Alabama Mississippi Arkansas United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19 21 22 23 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

Hawaii California Connecticut Massachusetts New Jersey Rhode Island New York New Hampshire D.C. Maryland Delaware Nevada Vermont Alaska Washington Virginia Maine Colorado Illinois Arizona Florida Minnesota Georgia New Mexico Pennsylvania Utah Oregon North Carolina Ohio Wisconsin Wyoming South Carolina Michigan Missouri Texas Louisiana Tennessee Idaho Montana Indiana Alabama Kansas North Dakota Kentucky Nebraska Oklahoma West Virginia Arkansas Iowa Mississippi South Dakota United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

234

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area Hawaii D.C. California New Jersey Massachusetts Maryland New York Connecticut Washington Rhode Island Virginia Oregon Delaware New Hampshire Alaska Colorado Utah Vermont Minnesota Illinois Montana Wyoming Maine Nevada Wisconsin Arizona Pennsylvania Idaho Florida New Mexico Georgia North Carolina Missouri Tennessee South Carolina Louisiana Ohio South Dakota Texas Nebraska Kansas Alabama Iowa Indiana Michigan North Dakota Kentucky Oklahoma Arkansas Mississippi West Virginia United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Median Gross Rent Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Median Gross Rent ($/month) 1980 1990 2010 188 368 264 185 283 252 260 247 224 255 211 311 218 246 218 226 218 198 214 216 266 255 250 236 180 211 200 213 310 251 270 215 249 205 206 225 215 257 224 222 206 188 203 246 235 224 259 254 195 234 252 243

325 559 438 328 620 418 598 495 479 481 433 650 330 445 374 336 372 319 352 419 548 580 423 422 309 368 311 348 509 549 592 372 486 382 313 379 340 408 404 489 376 306 357 395 369 446 495 445 303 399 333 447

667 981 844 638 1,163 863 992 952 1,198 947 819 1,291 683 848 683 629 682 613 736 707 1,131 1,009 730 764 672 682 642 669 952 951 1,114 699 1,020 731 583 685 659 816 763 868 728 591 697 801 796 823 1,019 908 571 715 693 855

1980 Area Alaska Hawaii Nevada California New Jersey Maryland Arizona Connecticut Virginia Oregon Florida Massachusetts Washington Colorado Wyoming New Hampshire Michigan New York Delaware Texas Illinois Minnesota Utah Wisconsin Iowa Ohio D.C. Pennsylvania Vermont Rhode Island Idaho Kansas Indiana Maine New Mexico Oklahoma Louisiana Nebraska Georgia Missouri South Carolina North Dakota North Carolina Tennessee Montana Kentucky West Virginia Alabama South Dakota Arkansas Mississippi United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 14 16 17 18 19 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 27 30 31 31 31 34 35 35 37 38 39 39 41 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 48 50 51 –

Area

2010 Rank

Hawaii California Connecticut New Jersey Massachusetts Alaska New Hampshire Maryland Nevada Virginia Delaware Rhode Island New York Florida D.C. Vermont Illinois Washington Arizona Georgia Michigan Minnesota Maine Colorado Oregon Pennsylvania Wisconsin Texas North Carolina Ohio South Carolina Indiana New Mexico Kansas Utah Missouri Tennessee Louisiana Nebraska Oklahoma Iowa Wyoming Idaho Arkansas Alabama Kentucky North Dakota Montana Mississippi South Dakota West Virginia United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Area Hawaii D.C. California Maryland New Jersey New York Virginia Massachusetts Connecticut Alaska Delaware Nevada New Hampshire Florida Washington Rhode Island Colorado Illinois Arizona Vermont Georgia Oregon Texas Utah Minnesota Pennsylvania Louisiana North Carolina Michigan South Carolina Wisconsin Maine New Mexico Tennessee Wyoming Ohio Idaho Indiana Kansas Missouri Mississippi Nebraska Alabama Oklahoma Montana Arkansas Iowa Kentucky South Dakota North Dakota West Virginia United States

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 37 39 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 –

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

235

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Households Lacking Complete Plumbing Facilities Area Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware D.C. Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States

Percent of Households 1980 1990 2010 5.2 12.2 2.6 5.3 1.4 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.4 1.2 3.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.0 7.5 3.1 5.8 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.8 7.2 3.0 3.4 1.9 1.4 2.9 1.7 4.8 2.9 5.2 4.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.5 1.9 5.1 4.3 4.6 2.6 1.1 3.3 5.1 1.7 6.9 2.5 2.3 2.7

1.6 12.5 1.9 1.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 2.9 1.3 3.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.3 2.2 1.2 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.5 3.2 0.9 1.5 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.3 1.8 0.9 3.2 1.4 1.6 1.1

3.6 11.9 2.3 4.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.2 1.4 2.2 1.5 1.6 2.1 3.1 1.7 2.3 3.5 3.9 4.7 1.5 1.0 3.1 2.1 4.3 3.1 4.1 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.2 4.6 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 3.2 1.3 2.7 1.9 2.6 3.1 2.4 2.6 1.2 2.6 2.0 1.5 5.2 1.8 1.9 2.2

1980 Area Alaska Kentucky Mississippi West Virginia Maine Arkansas North Carolina Alabama Virginia South Carolina New Mexico Tennessee South Dakota North Dakota Georgia Montana Vermont Louisiana Missouri New York New Hampshire Minnesota Texas Arizona Wisconsin Pennsylvania D.C. Iowa Hawaii Wyoming Indiana Maryland Illinois Idaho Kansas Oklahoma Delaware Ohio Rhode Island Nebraska Colorado Oregon Michigan New Jersey Washington Massachusetts California Nevada Connecticut Florida Utah United States

1990 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 22 23 23 25 25 27 27 29 29 31 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 39 39 41 41 41 44 44 44 47 47 47 50 51 –

Area Alaska Maine New Mexico West Virginia Kentucky Vermont Mississippi South Dakota North Dakota Arizona Montana Virginia Arkansas Wyoming Tennessee Alabama Idaho North Carolina Wisconsin South Carolina Louisiana Minnesota Texas Missouri New Hampshire Hawaii Georgia Utah Oklahoma Pennsylvania New York Washington Oregon Iowa Colorado D.C. Kansas Nebraska Michigan Ohio Illinois Maryland Indiana California Delaware Florida Nevada New Jersey Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut United States

2010 Rank 1 2 3 3 5 6 7 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 14 17 17 19 19 21 21 23 23 23 26 26 28 28 28 31 31 31 31 35 35 35 35 35 35 41 41 41 44 44 46 46 46 46 46 51 –

Area

Rank

Alaska West Virginia Maine New Mexico Arkansas Mississippi Montana Louisiana Alabama Kentucky Oklahoma Indiana Michigan Missouri South Dakota Pennsylvania South Carolina Texas Vermont North Carolina North Dakota Tennessee Arizona Kansas Ohio D.C. Georgia Nebraska Illinois Minnesota Virginia Rhode Island Wyoming Wisconsin Iowa Delaware Idaho New Hampshire New York Hawaii Maryland Washington Florida Colorado Oregon Nevada New Jersey Utah California Connecticut Massachusetts United States

Note: The reader is cautioned against comparing values across decades as the definition of plumbing facilities has changed over time. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census of Population; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010 1-Year Estimate

236

1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 12 12 16 17 17 17 20 21 21 23 23 23 26 26 26 29 29 31 32 32 34 35 36 36 36 36 40 40 40 43 44 44 46 46 46 49 49 51 –

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

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Issued September 1993

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

237

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Acknowledgments This report was prepared by Claudette E. Bennett, assisted by Barbara M. Martin and Kymberly DeBarros, under the supervision of Roderick J. Harrison, Chief, Racial Statistics Branch. General direction was provided by Susan J. Lapham, Population Division. The contents of the report were reviewed by Janice Valdisera and Michael Levin, Population Division, and Paula CoupeDQGDwight Johnson,3XEOLF,QIRUPDWLRQ2IILFH Marie Pees,Population Division, provided computer programming support. Debra Niner DQGMary Kennedy, Population Division, provided review assistance. Sampling review was provided by Alfredo Navarro of Decennial Statistical Studies Division. The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, performed publication planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement. Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication coordination and editing. Kim Blackwell provided design and graphics services. Diane Oliff-Michael coordinated printing services.

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238

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

e, the American Women Introduction We, the American Women, have exĆ perienced dramatic changes over the last three decades. We are inĆ creasingly delaying marriage and childbirth to attend college and esĆ tablish careers. College enrollment of women is now near that of men, but we still choose subjects of study that are different from those of men and less likely to lead to higherĆ paying jobs.

More of us are in the labor force than ever before and we are more likely to have continuous lifetime work experience. There has been a remarkable increase in the proporĆ tion of mothers who work. This is partly a result of noneconomic facĆ tors such as changes in the attiĆ tudes of society toward working mothers and the desires of women themselves, as well as economic factors such as inflation, recession, and unemployment of husbands.

Most of us meet the usual demands of housework and family care in addition to our work in the labor force. The responsibilities of work and home life have changed little for most married men, while for most wives, home responsibilities follow traditional patterns despite the proĆ found change in their lives outside their families. We remain in a secondary economic status despite unprecedented change. Over the past few years, we have been spending more years prior to marriage supporting ourĆ selves; in marriage, we have been contributing more to the household income, and a greater number of us have been rearing children alone, often with little or no financial help. The future course of women is unĆ certain and remains a challenge to the American economic, political, and social system, and to the AmeriĆ can women themselves.

239

Section Five: Census Data

Overall, we outnumber men by 6 million. In 1990, there were 127,470,455 women in the Nation. That is about 11 million more than a decade earlier. By 2050, there would be 383 million people, about 195 million females. The Baby Boom bulge would have disappeared and the population pyramid would look more like a sky scraper.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 1. Age Distribution of the Population by Sex: 1990 and 2050

1990

(Percent. Middle series projections)

2050

Male

Female 85 years and over 80 to 84 years 75 to 79 years 70 to 74 years

In 1990, beginning at age 40, women outnumĆ bered men. The most notable difference ocĆ curred in the elderly ages (65 years old and over). Elderly women outnumbered elderly men 3 to 2 (18.7 million versus 12.6 million).

65 to 69 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 50 to 54 years

In 2050, the number of elderly women would be 43 million, more than double the number in 1990. About 11 million elderly women would be among the oldestĆold (85 years old and over).

45 to 49 years 40 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 30 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years 10

From age 25 to 34, we are about the same number as men. The sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) is a summary measure of the sex composition of the population. More males than females are born each year, and during childhood, there are more males than females.

8

240

4

2

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

Figure 2. Sex Ratio of Persons by Age: 1990 (Males per 100 females) 105

105

104

100

98

96 89

Males have higher death rates at every age than females. Typically during the young adult years the sex ratio begins to even out. In 1990, for the 25ĆtoĆ34Ćyear old group, the proportion of males and females was about the same. For those under 14 years old, the sex ratio was about 105, but for those 65 years old and over, the sex ratio was only 67. In general, the sex ratio has remained constant over time.

6

67

Under 5 years

5 to 14 15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years years years years years years years and over

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our life expectancy varies by race, but on average we live longer than men. As a result of reductions in mortality, there have been impressive increases in life expectancy. Demographers estimate that life expectancy at birth was about 35 years when this Nation was founded and had increased to about 42 years by the midĆ1800's. Life expectancy continued to increase dramatically in the first half of the 20th century, primarily because of decreased mortality among the young. From 1940 to 1990, life expectancy at birth for men increased from 61 years to 72 years; for women, the increase was from 65 years to nearly 79 years. Life expectancy at birth increased for Black women from 68 years in 1970 to 74 years in 1990 and for White women from 76 years to 79 years.

Figure 3. Life Expectancy by Sex and Race: 1940 to 1990 Age in years 85

80

75

White female

Black female All races female

70

White male

65

All races male Black male

60

In the past few decades, the most recent reductions in mortality have occurred among elderly women.

55 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990

We are improving our education, especially at the college level.

Figure 4. Educational Attainment by Sex: 1970, 1980, and 1990

As a Nation, a higher proportion of both women and men are earning high school diplomas and college degrees than they did 20 years ago.

1970 1980

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over)

1990

Female

In 1990, 75 percent of women and 76 percent of men received a high school diploma. In 1970, about 53 percent of women and 52 percent of men completed high school. In the last several decades, women have been narrowing the education gap. In 1990, men were more likely to have graduated from college than women (23 percent versus 18 percent). In 1970, 8 percent of women and 14 percent of men completed college.

52.8

High school graduate or higher

65.8 74.8 8.1 12.8 17.6

Bachelor's degree or higher Male

51.9

High school graduate or higher Bachelor's degree or higher

67.3 75.7 13.5 20.1 23.3

241

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

More of us are enrolled in college parĆ ticularly in our twenties and thirties.

Figure 5. School Enrollment for Women by Age: 1980 and 1990

Women have made significant strides in increasĆ ing their level of education, making them better qualified for jobs than ever before.

(Percent enrolled in school)

1990 75.3

15 to 19 years

Since 1980, college enrollment of all women 15 to 39 years old has neared that for men, narĆ rowing the significant gap of a decade earlier. In 1990, about 80 percent of women 15 to 19 years old were enrolled in school compared with about 75 percent in 1980. The most striking difference occurred for women in their thirties. In 1990, 1 of every 5 women were enrolled in school. Women have been more likely to attend school part time while working or raising families or both.

1980

80.1 22.2

20 to 24 years

33.6 9.3

25 to 29 years

13.6 7.0

30 to 34 years

35 to 39 years

10.4 5.6 10.3 Source: 1990 Census of Population, Public Use Microdata Sample.

We earn over half of all bachelor's degrees. Women received 53 percent of all the bachelor's degrees awarded in 1990. In 1970, women received 43 percent of all bachelor's degrees conferred.

Figure 6. Bachelor’s Degrees Conferred to Women: 1969-70 and 1989-90

1969Ć70

(Percent)

1989Ć90 43.1

All fields

53.2 78.0 84.3 75.0 78.1 73.4 73.4

Health

Women are entering maleĆdominated fields of study in everĆincreasing numbers. For example, in 1970, less than 1 percent of all bachelor's degrees in engineering went to women, but by 1980, 14 percent of all such degrees were awarded to women. In 1970, relatively few women majored in business and only 9 percent of business degrees went to women. By 1990, almost as many women as men were business majors and fully 47 percent of all business degrees went to women. Fields such as fine arts and foreign languages continue to be female dominated. However, fewĆ er degrees were awarded in these fields in 1990 than in 1970; women are majoring in fields that offer higher financial remuneration.

242

Education Foreign language 43.3

Psychology Fine arts

67.5 27.8

Life sciences

50.7

8.7

Business

46.7 37.1 44.2

Social sciences Physical sciences Engineering

71.5 57.3

13.6 0.7

31.2

13.8

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 1971, table 117, and Digest of Education Statistics, 1992, table 234.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Many of us are delaying marriage.

Figure 7. Never-Married Women by Age: 1970 to 1990

Marriage and childbirth are being delayed while women go to college or establish themselves in the labor force. In 1990, 63 percent of all women in their early twenties had not yet married compared with only 36 percent in 1970. The most dramatic increase in the proportion of neverĆmarried women occurred among women in their late twenties and early thirties. In 1970, 11 percent of women 25 to 29 years old and only 6 percent of women 30 to 34 years old had not married. By 1990, the proportion nearly tripled to 31 percent for women in their late twenties and 16 percent for women in their early thirties.

1970 1980

(Percent of neverĆmarried females 18 years old and over)

1990 75.6 82.8

18 and 19 years

90.3 35.8

20 to 24 years

50.2 62.8

10.5

25 to 29 years

20.9 31.1 6.2 9.5

30 to 34 years

16.4 35 to 39 years

5.4 6.2 10.4

40 to 44 years

4.9 4.8 8.0 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1992.

Increasing proportions of us are divorced.

Figure 8. Marital Status by Sex: 1970, 1980, and 1990 (Percent of persons 15 years old and over)

Divorce has become much more common in the past 20 years. In 1970, just 4 percent of women and 3 percent of men reported their current mariĆ tal status as divorced. By 1990, 10 percent of women and 7 percent of men were divorced.

Men

1970 1980

Women

26.4

20.6

Never married

30.0

23.0 23.4

30.7

The proportion of women who had never married also increased between 1970 and 1990, from 21 percent to 23 percent. At the same time, the proportion of married women decreased from 63 percent to 55 percent.

3.1 2.6

12.7

Widowed

2.5

5.4

4.0

Divorced

7.4

59.3

7.2 9.5

62.8

67.7 62.0

12.4 12.0

2.8

Because women live longer than men, it is not surprising that 12 percent of women and only 3 percent of men reported their marital status as widowed.

1990

Married

57.4 55.0

243

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We are having children later in life.

Figure 9. Birth Rates by Age of Mother: 1970, 1980, and 1990

In 1990, there were about 4,158,200 babies born in the United States. This number was the highest reported since 1962 (4,167,362), near the end of the Baby Boom. In 1990, the birth rate for women 30 to 34 years old was the highest it has been in the past two decades (81 per 1,000 women). During the past decade, birth rates for women in this age group have increased more than any other age group. Women 35 to 39 had the next highest increase. Their birth rate was the highest it has been since 1971. Between 1980 and 1990, women 20 to 24 years old experienced the smallest increase in birth rates (115.1 to 116.5).

1970 1980 1990

(Births per 1,000 women) 68.3 53.0 59.9

15 to 19 years

167.8

20 to 24 years

115.1 116.5

25 to 29 years

112.9 120.2 73.3 61.9 80.8

30 to 34 years 31.7 19.8 31.7

35 to 39 years

40 to 44 years

145.1

8.1 3.9 5.5 Source: Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 41, No. 9 Supplement, Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1990 (February 25, 1993).

Many of us are maintaining families without a husband.

Figure 10. Families Maintained by Women, by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1970, 1980, and 1990

The proportion of families maintained by women has increased steadily since 1970, although the increases in the 1980's were at a slower rate. The proportion of families maintained by women is higher for Blacks than for any other race group or women of Hispanic origin. Between 1970 and 1990, Blacks also had the greatest increase in the proportion of families maintained by women. In 1990, the racial groups with the smallest proĆ portions of families maintained by women were Whites (13 percent) and Asian and Pacific Islanders (12 percent). The proportion of families maintained by Hispanic women increased from 14 percent in 1970 to 22 percent in 1990.

1980 1990

(Percent) 10.8 14.3 16.5

All races

9.0 11.2

White

12.7 27.4 37.8

Black

43.7 American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Asian and Pacific Islander Hispanic origin (of any race)

NA 23.4 27.3 NA 11.0 12.2 13.7 19.9 22.2 NA (Not available)

244

1970

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

In 1990, 13.4 million of us lived alone.

Figure 11. Persons Living Alone by Sex and Age: 1970, 1980, and 1990

In 1990, 13.4 million female householders and 9.2 million male householders lived alone. PerĆ sons living alone accounted for oneĆfourth of all households in 1990. Elderly women were more likely than elderly men to live by themselves. In 1990, 52 percent of all women living alone were elderly, while only 21 percent of men living alone were elderly. Only 21 percent of women living alone were 25 to 44 years old compared with 48 percent of males living alone. Women in this age group who were not currently married were more likely to have children in their households than their male counterparts.

45 to 64 years old 25 to 44 years old

(Percent)

Under 25 years old

Women 51.8

1970

33.9

9.7

1980

50.5

25.9

16.9

1990

51.8

23.0

21.3

4.6

6.7

4.0

Men 1970

30.9

31.8

28.6

8.7

1980

20.4

23.7

42.4

13.4

1990

20.6

24.2

48.0

7.2

We continue to increase our participation in the labor force. The majority of adult women are at work or looking for work. In 1990, the number of women with full time year round jobs was 28.7 million. The proportion of women 16 years old and over in the labor force increased from 50 percent in 1980 to 57 percent in 1990.

65 years old and over

All races

Figure 12. Labor Force Participation Rates of Women by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980 and 1990

1980

(Females 16 years old and over)

1990

49.9 56.8

The increased employment of women is a central issue in the consideration of the economic status of women in our society. Despite the fact that there has been no discernible reduction in houseĆ hold and family responsibilities, women have joined the labor force in record numbers. Women of every race group, as well as Hispanic women (who may be of any race), increased their labor force participation rates between 1980 and 1990. In 1980 and 1990, Asian and Pacific Islander women and Black women had the highĆ est labor force participation rates. American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut women had the lowest. The range of variation among the race groups diminĆ ished between 1980 and 1990, however.

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

49.4 56.3 53.3 59.5 48.1 55.1 57.7

Asian and Pacific Islander

Hispanic origin (of any race)

60.1 49.3 55.9

245

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We are not equally represented in all professions. The distribution of both women and men across occupations has changed, sometimes dramatiĆ cally, since 1970. Despite some evidence of feĆ male carpenters and male nurses, the overall laĆ bor market remains sharply segregated by sex.

Figure 13. Percentage of Persons in Occupations by Sex: 1990

Technicians and related support

49.2 50.8

Sales Administrative support, including clerical

16.3

Farming, forestry, and fishing Precision production, craft, and repair Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transprtation and material moving

77.3

22.7

Service

Women continue to be overrepresented in clerical (administrative support) and service occupations and underrepresented in production, craft, repair, and labor occupations.

Male

45.7 54.3 42.2 57.8 53.7 46.3 46.1 53.9

Civilian labor force, 16 years old and over Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty

Even though women have made progress in enĆ tering occupations predominately held by men in the past, especially managerial and professional specialty occupations, the majority of women are still in traditional female" occupations.

Female

63.1

36.9

83.7 9.5

90.5 40.0

60.0

9.9

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

90.1 19.8

80.2

Figure 14. Number and Median Income of Families: 1969, 1979, and 1989

Those of us who maintain families without husbands have significantly lower incomes.

1969 1979 1989

Few statistics about women reveal as much about their place in the economy as income data. The economic position of women is considerably lower than that of men.

Median income (In 1989 dollars) $39,584

$33,374

$36,253

$35,225 $32,136

$30,201

In 1989, the median family income for families with a female householder, no husband present was $17,414, significantly less than the median family income for marriedĆcouple families ($39,584).

$15,616

$16,690 $17,414

During the 1980's, the median income of marriedĆcouple families rose at a faster rate than that of families with a female householder, no husband present. Families (Millions)

246

51.2

59.2

All families

65.0

5.5

8.2

10.4

Female householder, no husband present

44.0

49.0

51.7

MarriedĆcouple families

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

We are nearly six times as likely to be living in poverty than marriedĆ couple families. Women who maintain families with no husband present are more likely to be poor than marriedĆ couple families. Families maintained by a women had a poverty rate of 31.1 percent in 1989 and accounted for nearly half of all poor families.

Figure 15. Poverty Rates of Families by Type: 1969, 1979, 1989

1969

(Percent)

1989

1979

10.7 All families

9.6 10.0

Not only is the poverty rate of families maintained by women much higher than that for other famiĆ lies, but also the rate for Black female householdĆ ers with no husband present is higher than that of their White counterparts. Since the midĆ1960's, even with major changes in the economy over this period, there has been relatively little fluctuation in the poverty rates for families maintained by women.

32.5 Female householder, no husband present

30.3 31.1 NA

MarriedĆcouple families

NA 5.5 NA (Not available)

At all age groups, we have higher poverty rates than men. TwoĆthirds of the poor female population in 1989 were either under 18 years old (37 percent) or 65 years old and over (30 percent). The poverty rate for children continues to be higher than that for any other age group and highest for females under 5 years old. The largest difference between the poverty rates for females and males occurred for the oldest population shown (75 years old and over). The poverty rate for females 75 years old and over was 17.3 percent compared with 10.1 percent for males.

Figure 16. Poverty Rates of Persons by Age and Sex: 1989

Female Male

19.9

Under 5 years

19.7 17.5

5 to 17 years

16.9 12.5

18 to 64 years

65 to 74 years

75 years and over

8.9 12.7 7.0 17.3 10.1

247

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

e, the American Blacks Introduction The 1990 census counted nearly 30 million Blacks, an increase of about 4 million from the 1980 census. Our population grew by 13 percent between 1980 and 1990, to about 12 percent of America's population. Although most of the growth in the Black population is due to natural increase, immigration from Caribbean and African counĆ tries also contributed significantly to our growth. Our life expectancy is increasing and we are growing older, however, our median age continues to be about 6 years lower than that for the White population. Less than oneĆ tenth of our population is 65 years old and over. Black women, like women in most population groups, tend to live longer than Black men. We are located in all States, ranging from about 2,000 in Vermont to over 2 million in New York. Blacks are largely an urban people; most of us live in cities and in large metroĆ politan areas. The majority of us live in the 20 largest metropolitan areas of the Nation. More of us are buying our homes, especially in the suburbs. Between 1980 and 1990, we made significant gains in educationĆ al attainment and college enrollĆ

248

ment. More Black women than Black men have completed college. The number of Black households, especially femaleĆheaded Black households, has increased since 1980, in part because of the inĆ crease in divorce and separation rates. As a result, fewer of our chilĆ dren are being reared in twoĆparent households. Also, consistent with national trends, more of our men and women are choosing not to marry or to live alone. A higher proportion of Black women than Black men are in the labor force; and there are now more Black females than Black males in the ciĆ vilian labor force. The number of Blacks employed in professional jobs, such as lawyers, doctors, and engineers has increased. The median income of Black marriedĆcouple families also imĆ proved and grew to 83 percent of comparable White families. In 1989, our per capita income of $8,850 was lower than the national per capita income of $14,140. PovĆ erty levels for Black persons and families were similar at the beginĆ ning and end of the decade, in part because of the effect of the recesĆ sions during the decade.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

In 1790, we numbered about 760,000 and in 1990, we numbered nearly 30 million.

Figure 1. Black Population: 1900 to 1990 (Millions)

In 1790, when the first census was taken, Blacks numbered about 760,000. In 1860, at the start of the Civil War, the Black population increased to 4.4 million, but the percentage dropped to 14 percent from 19 percent. Most were slaves, with only 488,000 counted as freemen." By 1900, our population had doubled and reached 8.8 million.

30.0 26.5 22.6 18.9

In 1910, about 90 percent of the Black population lived in the South but large numbers began miĆ grating north looking for better job opportunities and living conditions. The Black population reached the 15 million mark in 1950 and was close to 27 million in 1980.

15.0 11.9

In 1990, the Black population numbered about 30 million and represented 12 percent of the total population, the same proportion as in 1900. The 13Ćpercent population growth between 1980 and 1990 was oneĆthird higher than the national growth of 10 percent.

In 1990, about oneĆthird of the Black population was under 18 years old.

11.6 10.7

9.9

9.7

9.8

10.0 10.5 11.1

11.7 12.1

Note: Numbers in bars represent Blacks as a percent of the total population.

Figure 2. Age and Sex of the Black Population: 1990 (Percent) Male 6.8

Female 9.8

65 years and over 2.9

60 to 64 years

3.5

3.2

55 to 59 years

3.6

3.8 4.5

The Black votingĆage population increased to 20.4 million in 1990 from 17.1 million in 1980.

The average life expectancy for a newborn Black baby in 1980 was 68 years, compared with 74 years for a White baby. By 1990, life expecĆ tancy for Blacks averaged 69 years, about 6 years less than that for Whites.

10.5

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

The median age of Blacks in 1990 was 28 years, up from 25 years in 1980. Black males had a lower median age than Black females. A smaller proportion of Black males than Black females were 65 years old and over. This reflects, in part, the higher mortality of Black males.

About 47 percent of the Black population were male, and 53 percent were female.

9.8

8.8

12.9

6.1 7.6

50 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 40 to 44 years 35 to 39 years

4.1 4.8 6.4 7.9

30 to 34 years

9.0

9.1

25 to 29 years

9.0

8.9

20 to 24 years

8.3

9.5

15 to 19 years

8.3

9.3

10 to 14 years

8.1

9.5

5 to 9 years

8.4

9.9

Under 5 years

8.7

8.8

Median age = 26.6

Median age = 29.5

249

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Between 1980 and 1990, the number of Black persons 65 years old and over increased from 2.1 to 2.5 million.

Figure 3. Black Persons 65 Years Old and Over by Sex for the United States and Regions: 1990

Black women dominated the older age groups. In 1990, 62 percent of Black elderly persons were women, and only 38 percent were men.

(Percent distribution)

The proportion of Blacks who were elderly grew from 7.9 percent in 1980 to 8.4 percent in 1990. In contrast, the elderly were a higher proportion among Whites; they were 14 percent in 1990, up from 12 percent in 1980. Black elderly persons are located in all States of this country. The regional distribution of Black elderly persons was similar to the distribution of all Blacks in the United StatesĊ55 percent of the Black elderly were in the South.

United States

South

Nationally, 84 percent of the Black population lived in metropolitan areas in 1990, 57 percent in the central cities, and 27 percent in the suburbs (outside central cities).

Over oneĆhalf of the Black population lived in the South in 1990 Ċ a proportion that has not changed since 1970. The Midwest and NorthĆ east each had 19 percent Black, and 9 percent lived in the West. Between 1980 and 1990, the Black population growth rate was highest in the West and lowest in the Midwest.

250

38.5

61.6

38.4

36.8

39.6

40.5

59.5

Figure 4. Black Population in Metropolitan Areas for the United States and Regions: 1990

In 1990, most of us live in metropolitan areas.

Our suburban population grew by 29 percent between 1980 and 1990, reaching about 7 perĆ cent of the Nation's suburban population.

61.5

60.4

Midwest

West

In 1990, at least 95 percent of all Blacks in the Northeast, Midwest, and West regions lived in metropolitan areas. In contrast, only 72 percent of those in the South lived in metropolitan areas.

Female

63.2

Northeast

Male

Percent Metropolitan

(Percent distribution)

United States

South

Northeast

Midwest

West

Outside central cities Inside central cities

57.3

26.5

44.1

27.9

73.9

83.8

72.0

24.6

77.3

57.5

98.5

18.1 95.4

39.5

97.0

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Many of us live in the Nation's largest metropolitan areas. In 1990, about 40 percent of the Black population resided in just 10 consolidated metropolitan staĆ tistical areas (CMSA's) and metropolitan statistiĆ cal areas (MSA's), nearly the same proportion as in 1980. Seven of these 10 metropolitan areas were also among the 10 most populous in the Nation. Blacks represented 20 percent or more of the total population in 4 of these 10 metropolitan areas. For example, Blacks represented 27 perĆ cent of all persons residing in the Washington DC, MSA. Although the 10 metropolitan areas were scattered across the country, 5 were loĆ cated in the South.

Figure 5. Ten Metropolitan Statistical Areas With the Largest Black Population: 1990 (Thousands) New York, NY CMSA

In 5 of these 10 cities, Blacks represented more than 50 percent of the total population. They were Detroit, Washington, DC, New Orleans, Baltimore, and Memphis. Among the 100 cities with the largest Black populations, the city with the highest proportion of Blacks in both 1980 and 1990 was East St. Louis, Illinois, where 98 percent of its residents were Black.

1,548

Chicago, IL CMSA Los Angeles, CA CMSA

1,230

Philadelphia, PA CMSA

1,100

Washington, DC MSA

1,042 975

Detroit, MI CMSA Atlanta, GA MSA

736

Houston, TX CMSA

665

Baltimore, MD MSA

616

Miami, FL CMSA

591

Figure 6. Ten Cities With the Largest Black Population: 1990

The cities with the most populous Black populations in both 1990 and 1980 were New York, Chicago, Detroit, and Philadelphia. Of the 10 cities with the largest Black populaĆ tion, 5 gained population and 5 lost population during the 1980's. New York City had the largest numerical and percentage increase, while Chicago decreased by about 9 percent and Washington, DC lost about 11 percent between 1980 and 1990.

3,289

(Thousands) 2,103

New York, NY 1,088

Chicago, IL 778

Detroit, MI

632

Philadelphia, PA Los Angeles, CA

488

Houston, TX

458

Baltimore, MD

436

Washington, DC

400

Memphis, TN

335

New Orleans, LA

308

251

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

In 1990, our population was 1 million or more in 16 States. Blacks were represented in every State in 1990, from about 2,000 in Vermont to 2.9 million in New York, and 16 States had 1 million or more Blacks in 1990. These 16 States were home to 80 perĆ cent of the Black population. Four States, New Jersey, Maryland, South CaroliĆ na, and Alabama, reached 1 million between 1980 and 1990. Six of the 10 States with the largest Black populations were in the South. California and Texas joined New York as the only States with Black populations exceeding 2 million.

Figure 7. States with a Black Population of 1 Million or More: 1990 (Thousands) New York

2,859

California

2,209

Texas

2,022

Florida

1,760

Georgia

1,747

Illinois

1,694 1,456

North Carolina Louisiana

1,299

Michigan

1,292

Maryland

1,190

Virginia

1,163

Ohio

1,155

Pennsylvania South Carolina

1,040

New Jersey

1,037

Alabama

1,021

In 1990, we were better educated and more of us were staying in school.

Figure 8. Educational Attainment by Sex: 1990

The proportion of Blacks 25 years old and over completing high school rose from 51 percent in 1980 to 63 percent in 1990. In 1940, only 7 perĆ cent of Blacks 25 years old and over had comĆ pleted high school. Among the Black population, a slightly higher proportion of females (64 perĆ cent) than males (62 percent) had completed high school.

(Percent 25 years old and over)

In 1990, 2 million Blacks were enrolled in college, 1 1/2 times the number in 1980. Twelve percent of Black females and 11 percent of Black males 25 years old and over had at least a bachelor's degree in 1990. Eleven percent of Blacks, compared with 22 percent of Whites had earned at least a bachelor's degree in 1990. The correspondĆ ing figures for 1980 were 8 percent and 17 percent, respectively.

Black White

Total 63.1

High school graduate or higher

77.9 11.4

Bachelor's degree or higher

The high school dropout rate for Blacks declined from 16 percent in 1980 to 14 percent in 1990.

252

1,090

21.5

Female 63.8

High school graduate or higher

77.4 11.7

Bachelor's degree or higher

18.4

Male 62.2

High school graduate or higher Bachelor's degree or higher

78.5 11.0 25.3

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Greater proportions of us are postponĆ ing marriage or not marrying at all. FortyĆfour percent of Black men were never marĆ ried in 1990, compared with 41 percent in 1980. For Black women, the figures were 38 percent and 34 percent, respectively. Since 1980, there has been a 27 percent inĆ crease in the number of young Black adults 15 years old and over who never married. In 1990, a higher proportion of Black men, nearly 4 of every 10, than Black women, about 3 of evĆ ery 10, were married. In addition, four times as many Black women as Black men were widowed. The proportion of divorced Black men increased from 6 percent in 1980 to 8 percent in 1990, while the proportion of divorced Black women inĆ creased from 9 percent to 11 percent.

Figure 9. Marital Status of Blacks by Sex: 1990 (Percent 15 years old and over) Male Female 44.4

Never married

38.3 38.5

Married, except separated

30.9 5.5

Separated 7.5 3.3 Widowed 11.9 8.3

A larger proportion of Black women than Black men were separated.

Divorced

The number of Black families increased from 6 million in 1980 to 7 million in 1990. Nearly oneĆhalf of Black families were marriedĆ couple families compared with more than fourĆ fifths of White families. Our families are not as large as they used to be. The average number of persons per family dropped from 3.7 persons in 1980 to 3.5 persons in 1990. Since 1980, the number of Black male and Black female nonfamily households (persons living alone or with someone unrelated) increased by 25 percent and 30 percent, respectively. Single parents have become more common. More than half of Black children under 18 years old lived in oneĆparent families in 1990, up from 47 percent in 1980.

11.4

Figure 10. Type of Family: 1990

Black

(Percent of families)

White

48.8

MarriedĆ couple families

83.0

43.7

Female householder families, no husband present

Male householder families, no wife present

12.7

7.5

4.3

253

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We were less likely than Whites to participate in the labor force in 1989.

Figure 11. Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex: 1989

Of the 21 million Blacks 16 years old and over, 63 percent were in the labor force in 1989, 2 percentage points below the 65 percent rate for both the White and total populations.

(Percent 16 years old and over)

SixtyĆseven percent of Black males 16 years old and over were in the labor force in 1989 compared with 75 percent of White males. The proportion of Black women in the labor force increased from 53 percent in 1979 to 60 percent in 1989. Their participation rate was higher than that for White women. In 1979, the Black unemployment rate was about twice that of Whites. Ten years later, our unemĆ ployment rate was more than twice that of Whites, 13 percent and 5 percent, respectively.

Black White

62.7 Both sexes 65.4

66.5 Male 75.2

59.5 Female 56.3

Figure 12. Major Occupations for Blacks by Sex: 1990

In 1990, we numbered 13 million in the labor force. In 1990, 6.8 million Black women and 6.2 million Black men were in the civilian labor force. More Black men than Black women were in the Armed Forces. A smaller proportion of Black men than Black Black women were managers and professionals. Larger percentages of Black women also worked in technical, sales, and administrative support and in service occupations than did Black men. However, a larger proportion of Black men than Black women were employed as operators, fabricators, and laborers; in precision production, craft, and repair jobs; and in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.

19.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support

18.1 37.9 18.9

Service

Farming and forestry Precision production, craft, and repairs

Female

13.2

Managerial and professional

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

254

Male

(Percent distribution of employed persons 16 years old and over)

24.9 2.8 0.4 14.2 2.4 30.5 12.4

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

We were heavily concentrated in certain jobs. In 1990, 22 percent of all Black managers and professionals were teachers. The majority of both Black male and Black female teachers were eleĆ mentary school teachers. Nearly 3 out of every 10 Black females employed in technical, sales, and administrative support jobs were cashiers, secretaries, and typists. Half of Black females employed in service ocĆ cupations were nursing aides, orderlies and atĆ tendants, cooks, janitors, and cleaners.

Figure 13. Selected Occupational Groups for Blacks by Sex: 1990 (Thousands) Female 369

Teachers

346

Cashiers 294

Secretaries Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants

476 193

Cooks

Male

ThirtyĆone percent of Black males were operaĆ tors, fabricators, and laborers. Of these, 30 perĆ cent were truckdrivers, assemblers, and stock handlers and baggers. Within service occupaĆ tions, 45 percent of Black males were employed as janitors and cleaners or as cooks; and 12 perĆ cent as guards and police, except public service.

Teachers

110 342

Truckdrivers 136

Assemblers

338

Janitors 194

Cooks

Our income reflects our education, our job opportunities, and our family composition. In 1989, the median income for all Black families was $22,430 and it was about $21,110 in 1979. Family income reflects several factors, such as family composition, the number of workĆ ers in the family, educational attainment, and job opportunities. The 1989 median income for Black families mainĆ tained by women was only $12,520, 37 percent of the $33,540 median income for Black marriedĆ couple families. The large number of Black families maintained by women with no husband present and the often low incomes of these families contributed to the lack of improvement in the median family income of Blacks. ThirtyĆthree percent of Black families had one worker in 1989, 37 percent had two workers, and 13 percent had three or more workers.

Figure 14. Median Family Income by Type of Family for Blacks: 1979 and 1989 (In 1989 dollars)

1979 1989

$21,110 All families $22,430

$29,320

MarriedĆ couple families

Female householder families, no husband present

$33,540

$12,180

$12,520

255

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our poverty rates improved only slightly between 1979 and 1989, from 29.9 perĆ cent to 29.5 percent.

Figure 15. Poverty Rates for Black Persons and Families: 1989

We made significant progress in several areas during the past decade, but partially due to reĆ cessions, our poverty rates from 1979 to 1989 declined by less than half a percentage point.

(Percent)

In 1989, 8.4 million Black persons were poor, compared with 19.0 million Whites. The poverty rate for Whites was 10 percent in 1989 and 9 percent in 1979. About 2 million, or 26 percent, of all Black famiĆ lies had money incomes below the poverty level in 1989. In 1989, 45 percent of Black female householders and 11 percent of marriedĆcouple families were poor. These family types accounted for 94 perĆ cent of all poor Black families. The correspondĆ ing figures for White families were 23 percent and 5 percent. Note: The Federally defined poverty level does not include noncash benefits such as housing, food, and medical assistance.

Related children under 18 years old

SeventyĆtwo percent of Blacks residing in rural areas owned their own homes compared with 40 percent of urban Blacks. Inside metropolitan areas, 41 percent of Black householders were homeowners, compared with 59 percent of those outside metropolitan areas. Seventeen percent of Black housing units were occupied by a person 65 years old and over compared with 23 percent of White housing units.

256

31.9

26.3

Families

MarriedĆ couple families

11.0

Female householder, no husband present

44.5

Figure 16. Tenure: 1990

The number of homes owned by Blacks inĆ creased from 3.7 million in 1980 to 4.3 million in 1990.

The median value of our homes in 1990 was $50,700, compared with $80,200 for White homeĆ owners. The median value of Black homes was about 56 percent of the White median home valĆ ue in 1980, but grew to 63 percent in 1990.

39.5

Persons 65 years old and over

Over 4 million of us owned our own homes in 1990.

By 1990, 43 percent of Blacks lived in homes they either owned or were buying, compared with 68 percent for Whites. The proportion of Black homeowners has remained relatively stable over the past 20 years.

29.5

Persons

Black householder

(Percent)

White householder

43.4 Owner occupied 68.2

56.6 Renter occupied 31.8

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

e, the American Hispanics Introduction We, the American Hispanics trace our origin or descent to Spain or to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and many other SpanishĆspeaking counĆ tries of Latin America. Our ancesĆ tors were among the early explorers and settlers of the New World. In 1609, 11 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, our MestiĆ zo (Indian and Spanish) ancestors settled in what is now Santa Fe, New Mexico. Several historical events also shaped our presence in America: the Louisiana Purchase, admission of Florida and Texas into the Union, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the MexicanĆAmerican War, the SpanishĆAmerican War, the Mexican Revolution, labor shortages during World War I and World War II, the Cuban Revolution, and political instability in Central and South America in the recent past. AlĆ though our common ancestry and language bind us, we are quite diverse.

We have not always appeared in the census as a separate ethnic group. In 1930, Mexicans" were counted and in 1940, persons of Spanish mother tongue" were reported. In 1950 and 1960, persons of Spanish surname" were reported. The 1970 census asked persons about their origin," and respondents could choose among several Hispanic oriĆ gins listed on the questionnaire. In 1980 and 1990, persons of SpanĆ ish/Hispanic" origin reported as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Hispanic." The 1990 census tabulated information for about 30 additional HispanicĆorigin groups. Because of our increasing diversity, the Census Bureau presents social and economic characteristics for specific HispanicĆorigin groups such as Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban. This report represents a fraction of the wealth of information available from the Bureau of the Census on Hispanic Americans.

257

Section Five: Census Data

We are a large, fast growing segment of the Nation's population.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 1. Hispanic Population: 1930 to 2050

Census Projections

(Millions. Middle series projections)

Since 1930, some segments of the Hispanic population have been counted in the census. In 1930, 1.3 million Mexicans" were reported. In 1950, 2.3 million persons of Spanish surname" were reported, and in 1970, 9.1 million persons of Spanish" origin were reported.

80.7

70.0

59.2

In 1990, there were 22.4 million Hispanics in the United States, almost 9 percent of the Nation's nearly 250 million people. The Hispanic populaĆ tion in 1990 was slightly less than the entire U.S. population in 1850.

49.0

39.3 30.6

The Census Bureau's 1992 middle series projecĆ tions suggest rapid growth may continue into the 20th century. The population could rise from 24 million in 1992 to 31 million by the year 2000, 59 million by 2030, and 81 million by 2050.

22.4

24.1

14.6 9.1 3.5 1.3 1.6 2.3 19301940195019601970198019901992200020102020203020402050

Our population grew over 7 times as fast as the rest of the Nation between 1980 and 1990. The Hispanic population grew by 53 percent between 1980 and 1990 and by 61 percent beĆ tween 1970 and 1980. Several factors contribĆ uted to the tremendous increase in the Hispanic population since 1970. Among them are a higher birth rate than the rest of the population and substantial immigration from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. The Mexican population nearly doubled between 1970 and 1980, and nearly doubled again by 1990.

Note: Data for 1930 include only Mexicans," data for 1940 include persons of Spanish mother tongue," and data for 1950 and 1960 include persons of Spanish surname."

Figure 2. Hispanic Population Growth: 1970 to 1990

1980 to 1990 1970 to 1980

(Percent) 6.8 Non-Hispanic 9.1 53.0 Hispanic 61.0 54.4 Mexican 92.8 35.4

Both the Cuban and Puerto Rican populations grew at a rate at least four times as fast as the rest of the Nation.

Puerto Rican 40.9 30.0 Cuban 47.5

Other Hispanic populations grew dramatically between 1980 and 1990, partly as a result of the large influx of Central and South American immiĆ grants during this time period.

258

66.7 Other Hispanic 18.9

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

We are concentrated in a small number of States, mostly in the South and West.

Figure 3. Hispanic Population for Selected States: 1990

In 1990, nearly 9 of every 10 Hispanics lived in just 10 States. The four States with the largest proportion of Hispanics were California, Texas, New York, and Florida.

(Percent distribution)

All other States 13.0

The remaining States with significant proportions of Hispanics were Illinois, New Jersey, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Massachusetts.

California 34.4

Massachusetts 1.3 Colorado 1.9 New Mexico 2.6 Arizona 3.1 New Jersey 3.3

Most Hispanics lived in the Southwestern States of the Nation: New Mexico, California, Texas, and Arizona.

Illinois 4.0 Florida 7.0

Nearly 40 percent of New Mexican residents were Hispanic, and about 26 percent of California and Texas residents were Hispanic. Nearly 20 percent of Arizona residents were Hispanic.

Texas 19.4

New York 9.9

More than 10 percent of the residents of Colorado, New York, Florida, and Nevada were Hispanic. Figure 4. Hispanic Population: 1990

AK 3.2

(Percent of State)

WA 4.4 OR 4.0

ID 5.3 NV 10.4

CA 25.8

HI 7.3

MT 1.5

ND 0.7

WY 5.7 UT 4.9

AZ 18.8

CO 12.9

MN 1.2

SD 0.8

WI 1.9

IA 1.2

NE 2.3 KS 3.8 OK 2.7

NM 38.2 TX 25.5

18.0 and over 9.0 to 17.9 1.0 to 8.9 Less than 1.0

VT 0.7

IL 7.9

MO 1.2 AR 0.8 LA 2.2

MS 0.6

OH 1.3

KY 0.6 TN 0.7

AL 0.6

ME 0.6

NY 12.3

MI 2.2 IN 1.8

NH 1.0

PA 2.0 WV VA 0.5 2.6 NC 1.2 SC 0.9

NJ 9.6 DE 2.4 MD 2.6

MA 4.8 RI 4.6 CT 6.5

DC 5.4

GA 1.7

FL 12.2

259

Section Five: Census Data

We come from many different origins. In 1990, Mexicans were the largest Hispanic group, repreĆ senting about 61 percent of the 22.3 million Hispanics. Puerto Ricans were the seĆ cond largest group, about 12 percent; and Cubans were about 5 percent of the HispanĆ ic population.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 5. Hispanic Population by Type of Origin: 1990

Central American

Other Central American 2.1 Costa Rican 4.3

(Percent)

Panamanian 7.0 Honduran 9.9 Nicaraguan 15.3 Puerto Rican 12.1

Mexican 61.2

Cuban 4.8

Salvadoran 42.7

Dominican 2.4 Other Hispanic 3.9 Spaniard1 4.4

South American

Central American 6.0

Central Americans repreĆ sented about 6 percent of the total Hispanic population. However, of the Central AmeriĆ cans, about 43 percent were Salvadoran, 20 percent were Guatemalan, and about 15 percent were Nicaraguan.

Other South American 11.7

South American 4.7

Chilean 6.6 Argentinean 9.7 Peruvian 16.9 Ecuadorian 18.5

South Americans represented nearly 5 percent of the Hispanic population. Of the South AmeriĆ cans, 37 percent were Colombian, 19 percent were Ecuadorian, and 17 percent were Peruvian. Dominicans, Spaniards, and other Hispanics each were over 2 percent of the Hispanic population.

Guatemalan 20.3

Colombian 36.6

1Includes those who reported Spanish."

Figure 6. Age of the Population: 1990 (Percent)

Our population has a higher proportion of young adults and children and fewer elderly than the nonĆ Hispanic population.

Hispanic

In 1990, nearly 7 out of every 10 Hispanics were younger than 35 years old compared with just over 5 out of every 10 nonĆHispanics.

Nearly 40 percent of the Hispanic population was under 20 years old, compared with 28 percent of the nonĆHispanic population. This reflects a relatively high fertility rate among Hispanics who have recently immigrated.

85 years and over

0.6

80 to 84 years

1.0

75 to 79 years

1.3

70 to 74 years

7.4 9.2

1.7 2.6 3.4 4.3

2.5

60 to 64 years

4.4

2.9

55 to 59 years

4.4

50 to 54 years

4.7

4.3 5.7

1.3

65 to 69 years

3.4

45 to 49 years 40 to 44 years 35 to 39 years

5.7 7.2 8.1 8.7

30 to 34 years

10.5

25 to 29 years

10.3

20 to 24 years

8.4 7.4

9.2

15 to 19 years

6.9

9.0

10 to 14 years

6.7

5 to 9 years

7.0

Under 5 years

7.1

9.8 10.7

260

0.4

2.0

Among the elderly, about 5 percent of Hispanics were 65 years old and over compared with 13 percent of nonĆHispanics.

Non-Hispanic

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

We made great strides in educational attainment since 1970. In 1990, about half of the Hispanic population had at least a high school diploma and 1 in 11 earned a bachelor's degree or higher. However, Hispanic adults were less likely than nonĆ Hispanic adults to complete high school or college.

Figure 7. Educational Attainment: 1970 to 1990

graduate or higher

49.8

1990

77.2 44.0

1980

In 1980, about 4 of 10 Hispanics completed 4 years or more of high school and 1 of every 13 completed 4 years or more of college. In 1970, only 3 of 10 Hispanics 25 years old and over completed at least 4 years of high school. Less than 1 in 20 completed 4 years or more of college.

1980

Nearly 10 percent of the Hispanic population received a bachelor's degree or higher in 1990. However, about 20 percent of Spaniards and South Americans received a bachelor's degree or higher compared with only 6 percent of Mexicans.

53.1 9.2 21.2 7.6 16.7 4.5 10.8

Figure 8. Educational Attainment for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

High school graduate or higher Bachelor's degree or higher

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over) Hispanic

Mexican

About 46 percent of Central Americans and 71 percent of South Americans received a high school diploma or higher in 1990.

32.1

Bachelor’s degree or higher 1990

Our educational attainment varies among different Hispanic groups.

About 44 percent of Mexicans, 53 percent of Puerto Ricans, and 57 percent of Cubans had a high school diploma or higher.

67.7

1970

1970

Although about half of the Hispanic population received a high school diploma or higher in 1990, individual Hispanic groups varied from a high of 77 percent for Spaniards to a low of 43 percent for Dominicans.

Hispanic NonĆHispanic

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over) High school

Puerto Rican

49.8 9.2 44.2 6.2 53.4 9.5 56.8

Cuban

Dominican Central American South American Spaniard

16.6 42.6 7.8 45.6 9.0 70.7 19.5 76.7 20.5

261

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Although many of us were foreign born, about 64 percent of us were born in the United States. In 1990, over 7.8 million Hispanics were foreign born. Hispanic foreign born from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America repĆ resented about 43 percent of all foreignĆborn perĆ sons in the United States. Nearly threeĆquarters of the Hispanic population were nativeĆborn and naturalized citizens compared with about 97 percent of the nonĆHispanic population. About 83 percent of Spaniards and about 67 perĆ cent of Mexicans were born in the United States. About 21 percent of Central Americans and 25 percent of South Americans were born here. Among foreignĆborn Hispanics, the proportion who were not citizens in 1990 varied from less than 10 percent for Spaniards to nearly 65 perĆ cent for Central Americans. Many Central Americans are relatively recent immigrants to America and have not had time to go through the naturalization process.

Figure 9. Nativity and Citizenship for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

About 20 percent of the Central American foreign born arrived between 1970 and 1979, and about 70 percent arrived between 1980 and 1990. Central Americans represented the largest proĆ portion of newly arrived Hispanic immigrants during the 1980's. About 46 percent of the Cuban foreign born arrived between 1960 and 1969. Many Cuban refugees arrived in the United States following the Cuban Missile Crisis in the early part of that decade.

262

64.2

Hispanic

9.4

66.7

Mexican

Cuban

28.3

Dominican

29.4

Central American

21.0

South American

7.5

25.8

35.6

19.1

51.5

14.6

25.1

26.4

36.1

64.4

21.2

53.7

82.6

Spaniard

About half of us who were foreign born came to the United States between 1980 and 1990.

Just over half of the Hispanic foreign born arrived in America since 1980. About 28 percent arrived between 1970 and 1979, 15 percent between 1960 and 1969, and about 7 percent before 1960.

ForeignĆborn, not a citizen

(Percent distribution)

Note: All persons born in Puerto Rico are American citizens.

Whether pulled by the need to be reunited with families or pushed by political events in the counĆ try of birth, many Hispanics moved to the United States between 1980 and 1990.

Native ForeignĆborn, naturalized

7.9 9.5

Figure 10. Year of Entry for Selected ForeignBorn Hispanic Groups: 1990

Entered before 1960

(Percent distribution)

Entered 1980 to 1990

Hispanic 6.8

15.0

Mexican 7.9 10.7

Cuban 9.0

Entered 1960 to 1969 Entered 1970 to 1979

27.5

50.7

31.0

46.3

50.4

18.8

25.9

2.8 26.6

17.2

Dominican

53.5

2.9 Central American

20.1

7.2

69.9

4.1 South American

Spaniard

18.3

17.0

26.5

24.6

51.1

24.8

33.7

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Nearly 3 million of us are legal immigrants who arrived between 1980 and 1990.

Section Five: Census Data

Figure 11. Legal Immigration by Area of Origin: 1951 to 1990

All other places Latin America Asia

(Thousands)

Europe

Prior to 1950, the vast majority of legal immiĆ grants arrived from Europe. From 1950 to 1990, a new wave (nearly 20 million) of legal immigrants arrived, many from Latin America. Between 1951 and 1960, over 2.5 million people entered the country legally. Of those, 1 in 5 came from Latin America. Between 1961 and 1970, 3.3 million immigrants entered the United States, with 1 in 3 coming from Latin America. During the 1970's, there were nearly 4.5 million immigrants, with about 40 percent coming from Latin America.

7,339 381

3,458 4,493 293 3,320 486

2,425 387 559

1,283 428

153

By the 1980's, 47 percent of immigrants were from Latin America.

2,738 1,588

1,123

800

762

1961 to 1970

1971 to 1980

1981 to 1990

1,326 1951 to 1960

1,812

Note: Information for this graph came from the 1991 Statistical YearĆ book of Immigration and Naturalization Service, MĆ367. Latin America includes Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.

The Spanish language is a tie that binds us together.

Figure 12. Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for Selected Hispanic Groups: 1990

In 1990, about 14 percent of the Nation's population 5 years old and over spoke a language other than English at home. Spanish was spoken by about oneĆ half of all nonĆEnglish speakers in the United States. Also in 1990, about 78 percent of Hispanics spoke a language other than English at home. Spanish was spoken by nearly all of the Hispanic nonĆEnglish speakers.

(Percent of persons 5 years old and over who speak Spanish at home) Speak Spanish, do not speak English very well" Speak Spanish, speak English very well"

Hispanic

50.8

Mexican

Of the Hispanics who spoke Spanish at home, about oneĆhalf spoke English very well" and about half did not speak English very well." A greater proportion of Dominicans and Central Americans than Puerto Ricans and Spaniards who spoke Spanish at home did not speak English very well."

Puerto Rican

49.2

50.9 41.4

Cuban

49.1 58.6

54.5

45.5

Dominican

63.7

36.3

Central American

65.5

34.5

South American Spaniard

54.6 31.9

45.4 68.1

263

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Fewer of us held jobs as managers or professionals than nonĆHispanics.

Figure 13. Occupation by Sex: 1990 (Percent 16 years old and over in civilian labor force)

In 1990, about 28 percent of Hispanic males 16 years old and over worked as operators, fabricaĆ tors, and laborers compared with about 19 perĆ cent of nonĆHispanic males. Technical, sales, and administrative support positions provided employment for the largest share (about 39 percent) of Hispanic females compared with about 45 percent for nonĆHispanic females. Only about 12 percent of Hispanic males held manaĆ gerial and professional specialty positions compared with about 27 percent of nonĆHispanic males. Service occupations provided employment for about 17 percent of nonĆHispanic females compared with about 24 percent of Hispanic females.

Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision, production, craft, and repair

Male Hispanic

28.1

19.2

18.1

3.5 Hispanic

10.2

16.1

16.7

21.5

12.0

27.4

1.6

15.2

23.5

39.1

44.8

28.2

MarriedĆ couple families Male householder families, no wife present

(Percent of families)

56.3

Spaniard

7.1

50.0

5.7 16.3

41.2

14.1

73.0

76.3

18.2

36.6

8.7

63.3

21.6

8.8

78.1

Cuban

Central American

8.5

73.0

Mexican

Dominican

Female householder families, no husband present

69.9

Hispanic

Puerto Rican

17.0

0.8 17.0

Figure 14. Families by Type for Selected Hispanic Groups: 1990

South American

264

7.3

Female

About 70 percent of Hispanic families were mainĆ tained by married couples, about 9 percent by a male with no wife present, and 22 percent by a female with no husband present.

About 14 percent of Central American families were families maintained by a male with no wife present.

19.7 3.6

NonĆ Hispanic

In 1990, most of us lived in family households.

Families maintained by a female with no husband present were found primarily among Puerto Rican and Dominican families.

Technical, sales, and administrative support Managerial and professional specialty

Farming, forestry, and fishing

1.9 NonĆ 7.2 Hispanic

The distribution of families by type varied among Hispanic groups. Over threeĆquarters of Cuban and Spaniard families were maintained by married couples.

Services

22.6

9.0

5.7

18.0

18.0

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our median family income was lower than that for all Americans.

Figure 15. Median Family Income for Selected Hispanic Groups: 1990

In 1990, the median family income for Hispanics was $25,064, lower than the median family inĆ come of $35,225 for all Americans.

Of the Hispanic groups shown, Dominicans had the lowest median family income ($19,726), and Spaniards had the highest median family income ($36,680). Puerto Rican female householders with no husĆ band present had the lowest income, $8,912, while Cuban and Spaniard female householders with no husband present had the highest incomes, $19,511 and $20,000, respectively.

Hispanic Mexican Puerto Rican

$35,225

About 30 percent of Puerto Rican families, 33 percent of Dominican families, about 10 percent of Spaniard families, 11 percent of Cuban families, 23 percent of Mexican families, and 21 percent of Central American families were below the poverty level in 1990. Hispanic females, children, and elderly also had higher proportions living in poverty than their nonĆHispanic counterparts. About 27 percent of Hispanic females lived in poverty compared with 13 percent of nonĆHispanic females. About 18 percent of Hispanic children under 18 years old lived in poverty compared with 17 percent of nonĆHispanic children. Twice as many elderly Hispanics 65 years old and over lived in poverty than nonĆHispanic elderly, 24 percent and 12 percent, respectively.

$17,414 $25,064 $12,406 $24,119 $12,714 $21,941 $8,912 $32,417

Cuban

Dominican

$19,511 $19,726 $9,724 $36,680

Spaniard

$20,000

Figure 16. Poverty Rates for Selected Hispanic Groups: 1990

Over 1 million of our families lived in poverty in 1990. Just over 2 of every 10 Hispanic families were living in poverty in 1990 compared with less than 1 of every 10 nonĆHispanic families.

Female householder, no husband present

(In 1989 dollars) TOTAL

Hispanic female householders with no husband present had lower median incomes than all feĆ male householders with no husband present, $12,406 and $17,414, respectively.

All families

Families living in poverty Females Children

(Percent in poverty)

Elderly 22.3

Hispanic

18.4

Mexican

28.0

24.7 29.6 35.1

22.1 11.4

29.7

16.0

9.4

24.2

Dominican

33.4 36.1

21.3 20.9

Central American South American

24.0 23.4

18.8

Puerto Rican

Cuban

27.2

14.5 12.0 10.5

33.1 25.6

19.4

16.1 18.3

9.7 Spaniard

13.3 10.6 12.7

265

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

e, the American Asians Introduction We, the American Asians, number 6.9 million, a 99 percent increase since the 1980 census. This report focuses on Asian Americans Ċ Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, Asian Indians, Japanese, Vietnamese, Cambodians, Laotians, Hmong, and Thai. Pacific Islanders are profiled in a companion report, We, The American Pacific Islanders," in this series. For the last two decades, the numĆ ber of Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States doubled, from 1.5 million in 1970 to 3.7 million in 1980 to 7.3 million in 1990. The perĆ centage of Asians and Pacific

266

Islanders in the total population also nearly doubled during the 1980's, from 1.5 percent to 2.9 percent. Our dramatic increases are the reĆ sult of increased immigration from China, India, Korea, the Philippines, and other Asian and Pacific Island areas following the adoption of the Immigration Act of 1965. In addition to immigration and natuĆ ral increase, part of the growth of our numbers during the 1970's reĆ flect changes in the census race definition to include more groups, as well as improvements in review proĆ cedures in the 1990 census.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We, the American Asians are a rapidly growing, diverse part of America. The 1990 census counted 6,908,638 Asians, a 99 percent increase over the 1980 census count of 3,466,847. In 1990, the largest proportions of Asian Americans were Chinese (24 percent) and Filipino (20 percent) followed by Japanese, with 12 percent of the Asian population. Newer immigrant groupsĊ Laotian, Cambodian, Thai, and HmongĊeach accounted for 2 percent or less of the Asians in America.

Section Five: Census Data

Figure 1. Asian Population for Selected Groups: 1990

All other Asian 2.1

(Percent distribution)

Burmese 0.1 Sri Lankan 0.2 Bangladeshi 0.2 Malayan 0.2 Indonesian 0.4

Chinese 23.8

Filipino 20.4

Japanese 12.3

Pakistani 1.2

Other Asian 4.4 Hmong 1.3 Thai 1.3 Cambodian 2.1 Laotian 2.2

Asian Indian 11.8

Vietnamese 8.9 Korean 11.6

Note: All Asian groups, regardless of size, are important and make conĆ tinuing contributions to the diversity of the United States. This discussion focuses on only the 10 largest Asian groups.

Most of us make our homes in the West.

Figure 2. Asian Population by State: 1990

AK

(Thousands)

FiftyĆfour percent of the Asian population lived in the West in 1990 compared with 21 percent of the total population. Approximately 66 percent of Asians lived in just five States Ċ California, New York, Hawaii, Texas, and Illinois. The Asian population was highly concenĆ trated in California, New York, and Hawaii, but the concentraĆ tion varied by Asian groups.

NH VT ME

WA MT OR

ID NV

WY

MN WI

SD

UT

CO

AZ

KS OK

NM TX

100,000 or more 50,000 to 99,999 25,000 to 49,999 10,000 to 24,999 Less than 10,000

IL MO

NY

MI

IA

NE

CA

HI

ND

OH

IN

KY

WV VA

CT NJ DE MD DC

NC

TN

SC

AR AL LA MS

PA

MA RI

GA

FL

267

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Many of us were born in other countries. Immigration has contributed heavily to the growth of the Asian population in the past two decades, but the percentages who are foreign born differ considerably among groups.

Figure 3. Foreign Born by Year of Entry: 1990

ThirtyĆeight percent of Asians entered the United States from 1980 to 1990. The Cambodians, Laotians, and Hmong had the highest proportion of persons who entered the United States during this period.

Total Asian

Laotian Cambodian Thai

15.6

The Japanese were the eldest of the Asian populations with a median age of 36 years, in part because fewer Japanese were foreign born. The Hmong and Cambodian, with their large proportions of recent immigrants were the youngest Asians with a median age of 13 years and 19 years, respectively. Immigrant populations tend to have higher fertility than native populations. In 1990, Asian males were younger than Asian females, with median ages of 29 years and 31 years, respectively, in part because females tend to live longer.

268

65.6

37.8

27.1

0.9 15.4 1.3

16.2 13.6

Korean

16.4

15.3

Chinese

18.5

75.4

43.9

72.7

41.0

11.4

69.3

39.4

65.2

49.5

21.7

11.9

75.5

32.2

Hmong 0.4 15.3

Other Asian

79.1

69.7

27.1

12.4

79.4

63.1

8.1

Japanese

79.9

49.4

17.9

We are a young population. Asians had a median age of 30 years in 1990, younger than the national median of 33 years. Only 6 percent of Asians were 65 years old and older compared with 13 percent for the total population.

12.3

Asian Indian

Filipino

The IndoChina Migration and Refugee AssisĆ tance Act of 1975 established a program of reĆ settlement for refugees who fled from Cambodia and Vietnam. One year later, the Immigration Act of 1976 made Laotians eligible for the same refugee resettlement programs. SeventyĆfive percent or more of the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian born entered the country since 1975.

1980 to 1990

(Percent)

Vietnamese 3.5

SixtyĆsix percent of Asians were born in foreign countries. Among Asian groups, Vietnamese, Laotian, and Cambodian groups had the highest proportion of foreign born, while Japanese had the lowest proportion.

Before 1975 1975 to 1979

11.1 2.3

64.4

31.6

17.7 32.4

8.0

58.2

38.4

Figure 4. Median Age: 1990 30.1

Total Asian

36.3

Japanese Chinese

32.1

Thai

31.8

Filipino

31.1

Korean

29.1

Asian Indian

28.9

Vietnamese

25.2

Laotian

20.4

Cambodian Hmong Other Asian

19.4 12.5 24.5

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our families are larger than the average American family. The average Asian family had 3.8 persons in 1990, larger than the average of 3.2 persons for all U.S. families. Asian families were larger partly because the percentage of children under 18 years old who lived with both parents was higher than the general population, 81 percent versus 70 percent. Among Asian groups, Hmong had the largest family size with 6.6 persons, and Japanese the smallest family size with 3.1 persons. Other groups with more than four persons per family were Filipino, Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian. The proportion of Asian families maintained by a husband and wife was 82 percent, slightly higher than the national figure of 79 percent. The proĆ portion of Asian femaleĆheaded families with no husband present was significantly less than the national average, 12 percent versus 17 percent. However, two groups had proportions above the national average: Cambodian, 26 percent and Thai, 20 percent. Our educational attainment varied widely by group. In 1990, 78 percent of all Asians 25 years old and over were at least high school graduates; the national rate was 75 percent. Education is highly valued in Asian communities, but the educational attainment of different groups varied widely. The proportion completing high school or higher was 88 percent for Japanese, compared with 31 percent for Hmong. In general, Asian men had higher rates of high school graduation or higher than Asian women: 82 percent versus 74 percent in 1990. Japanese women had a high school or higher completion rate of 86 percent compared with 19 percent for Hmong women. At the college level, 38 percent of Asians had graduated with a bachelor's degree or higher by 1990, compared with 20 percent of the total popĆ ulation. Asian Indians had the highest attainment rates, and Cambodians, Laotians, and Hmong had the lowest.

Figure 5. Persons Per Family: 1990 Total Asian

3.8 6.6

Hmong Cambodian

5.0

Laotian

5.0

Vietnamese

4.4

Filipino

4.0

Asian Indian

3.8

Chinese

3.6

Korean

3.6

Thai

3.5

Japanese

3.1

Other Asian

3.8

Table 1. Educational Attainment by Sex: 1990 (Percent 25 years old and over) High school graduate or higher

Bachelor's degree or higher

Male

Female

Male

Female

75.7

74.8

23.3

17.6

Total Asian . . . . . . . .

81.7

73.9

43.2

32.7

Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filipino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . Asian Indian . . . . . . . . . Korean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . Cambodian . . . . . . . . . . Hmong . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laotian . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Asian . . . . . . . . .

77.2 84.2 89.9 89.4 89.1 68.5 46.2 44.1 49.4 88.6 85.9

70.2 81.4 85.6 79.0 74.1 53.3 25.3 19.0 29.8 66.2 78.7

46.7 36.2 42.6 65.7 46.9 22.3 8.6 7.0 7.0 47.7 47.5

35.0 41.6 28.2 48.7 25.9 12.2 3.2 3.0 3.5 24.9 34.2

Total population

269

Section Five: Census Data

Nearly twoĆthirds of us spoke an Asian or Pacific Islander language at home. Of the 4.1 million Asians 5 years old and over, 56 percent did not speak English very well," and 35 percent were linguistically isolated. The Hmong, Laotians, and Cambodians had the highest proportions of persons 5 years old and over speaking an Asian or Pacific Islander (API) language at home. Asian Indians, at 15 percent, had the lowest proportion. Hmong and Cambodians who spoke an Asian or Pacific Islander language at home had the highĆ est proportion of linguistically isolated, 61 perĆ cent and 56 percent, respectively.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2. Asian or Pacific Islander Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English: 1990 (Percent) Speak Asian Do not speak or Pacific Islander English language at home very well"

LinguisĆ tically isolated

Total Asian . .

65.2

56.0

34.9

Chinese . . . . . . Filipino . . . . . . . Japanese . . . . Asian Indian . . Korean . . . . . . . Vietnamese . . . Cambodian . . . Hmong . . . . . . Laotian . . . . . . Thai . . . . . . . . . Other Asian . .

82.9 66.0 42.8 14.5 80.8 92.5 95.0 96.9 95.6 79.1 21.0

60.4 35.6 57.7 31.0 63.5 65.0 73.2 78.1 70.2 58.0 49.9

40.3 13.0 33.0 17.2 41.4 43.9 56.1 60.5 52.4 31.8 30.2

Note: Linguistic isolation refers to persons in households in which no one 14 years old or over speaks only English and no one who speaks a language other than English speaks English very well."

We are more likely to participate in the labor force than the population as a whole. In 1990, 67 percent of Asian Americans, compared with 65 percent of all Americans, were in the labor force. Filipino, Asian Indian, Thai, and Chinese had participation rates higher than the national average Ċ 75 percent, 72 percent, 71 percent, and 66 percent, respectively. Asian women had a higher participation rate than all women. Sixty percent of Asian women were in the labor force compared with 57 percent of all women in the United States. Asian men had about the same participation rate as all men, 75 percent and 74 percent, respectively, and Asian Indian men had the largest participation rate of 84 percent.

Figure 6. Labor Force Participation Rates: 1990 (Percent 16 years old and over) Total Asian

75.4

Filipino Asian Indian

72.3

Thai

71.4

Chinese

65.9

Vietnamese

64.5

Japanese

64.5

Korean

63.3

Laotian

58.0

Cambodian Hmong Other Asian

270

67.4

46.5 29.3 66.0

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

More of our family members are in the work force.

The proportion of Asian families with three or more workers was 20 percent compared with the national proportion of 13 percent.

Among Asian families, Filipinos (30 percent) and Vietnamese, (21 percent) had the highest proporĆ tions of families with three or more workers.

Figure 7. Families With Three or More Workers: 1990 (Percent) Total Asian

19.8

Filipino

29.6

Vietnamese

21.3

Chinese

19.0

Laotian

18.9

Asian Indian

Hmong families had the lowest proportion with three or more workers.

17.8

Korean

15.9

Thai

15.5

Japanese

15.3

Cambodian

13.5

Hmong

6.7

Other Asian

Many of us work in higher paying occupations, in part because of higher educational attainment.

Asians were more likely to be in technical, sales, and administrative support, and managerial and professional specialty jobs (33 percent and 31 percent, respectively) than the total population Ċ 32 percent and 26 percent, respectively.

The proportion in technical, sales, and administrative support occupations varies from 37 percent for Korean workers to 5 percent for Laotian workers.

Asians were less likely than the total population to work in precision production, craft, and repair occupations or to work as operators, fabricators, and laborers.

14.4

Figure 8. Occupation: 1990 Asian

(Percent employed persons 16 years old and over) Managerial and professional specialty

31.2 26.4

Technical, sales, and administrative support

33.3 31.7 14.6

Service

Farming, forestry, and fishing Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Total

13.2 1.1 2.5 7.8 11.3 11.9 14.9

271

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Japanese had the highest per capita income at $19,373 and Hmong, one of the most recent Asian immigrant groups, had the lowest at $2,692. In 1989, the Asian per capita income was $13,806 compared with the national per capita income of $14,143. Asian families had higher median family incomes ($41,583) in 1989 than all families ($35,225), partly because of more family members in the work force and higher educational attainment.

Figure 9. Per Capita Income: 1990 (In 1989 dollars) Total Asian

$13,806

Japanese

$19,373

Asian Indian

$17,777

Chinese

$14,876

Filipino

$13,616

Thai

$11,970

Korean

$11,177

Vietnamese

$9,032

Loatian

$5,597

Cambodian Hmong

$5,120 $2,692

Other Asian

We experience poverty rates slightly higher than all Americans, despite our higher median family income. About 14 percent of Asian Americans lived in poverty in 1989, a rate slightly higher than the 13 percent for the entire Nation.

$11,000

Figure 10. Poverty Rates for Asian Persons: 1989 (Percent) Total Asian

14.0

Hmong

The Hmong had one of the highest poverty rates followed by the Cambodians and Laotians. The lowest poverty rates were for the Japanese and Filipinos.

63.6

Cambodian

42.6

Laotian

34.7

Vietnamese

About 11 percent of Asian families were in poverty in 1989, a rate slightly higher than the 10 percent for all American families. Hmong and Cambodian families had the highest family poverty rates, 62 percent and 42 percent, respectively. The lowest poverty rates were for Filipino (5 percent) and Japanese (3 percent) families.

Chinese

14.0

Korean

13.7

Thai Asian Indian

12.5 9.7

Japanese

7.0

Filipino

6.4

Other Asian

272

25.7

18.2

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

e, the American Pacific Islanders Introduction We, the American Pacific Islanders, are a small but distinct and imporĆ tant component of the Asian and Pacific Islander population. A companion report, We, the American Asians" provides a statistical portrait of the Asian component of the Asian and Pacific Islander population. The 1990 census counted 365,024 Pacific Islanders, a 41 percent inĆ crease over the 1980 count of 259,566. We were about 5 percent of all Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in 1990. Pacific IslandĆ ers include diverse populations who differ in language and culture. They are of Polynesian, Micronesian, and Melanesian backgrounds. The PolyĆ nesian group is the largest of the three and includes Hawaiians, SaĆ moans, Tongans, and Tahitians. The Micronesian group, the second largĆ est, is primarily Guamanian (or ChaĆ morros), but also includes other Mariana Islanders, Marshall IslandĆ ers, Palauans, and several other groups. The Fijian population is the largest Melanesian group. Immigration was a major factor in the growth of the Asian and Pacific Islander population as a whole, with large numbers coming to the United

States from Asia and the Pacific Islands following the adoption of the Immigration Act of 1965. Immigration played a much more varied role, however, in the growth of our Pacific Islander population. Only 13 percent of us were foreign born. Hawaiians are, of course, naĆ tive to this land. Persons born in American Samoa are United States nationals with the right of free entry into the United States, and since 1950 inhabitants of Guam are United States citizens. In addition to immigration and natuĆ ral increase, part of our growth beĆ tween 1970 and 1990 reflects changes in the race question on the census form to include more groups, as well as improvements in collection and processing proceĆ dures in the 1990 census. Although some groups are small, all Pacific Islander groups are important and make continuing contributions to the diversity of the United States. The table at the end of this report shows some characterĆ istics for selected Pacific Islander groups. This report, however, will focus on the five largest Pacific Islander groups.

273

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our population grew 41 percent between 1980 and 1990, from 259,566 to 365,024.

Figure 1. Distribution of the Pacific Islander Population: 1990 (Percent) All other Pacific Islander 3.8 Tahitian 0.3 Northern Mariana Islander 0.3 Palauan 0.4

Hawaiians, the largest Pacific Islander group, were 58 percent of the total Pacific Islander population.

Fijian 1.9 Tongan 4.8 Guamanian 13.5

Samoans and Guamanians were the next largest groups, representing 17 percent and 14 percent, respectively, followed by Tongans and Fijians who were 5 percent and 2 percent, respectively, of all Pacific Islanders.

Hawaiian 57.8

Samoan 17.2

Other Pacific Islanders, including Palauans, Northern Mariana Islanders, and Tahitians each constituted less than oneĆhalf of 1 percent of Pacific Islander Americans. Tongans grew more rapidly (146 percent) during the 1980's than any of the top three groups.

Most of us live in the West. EightyĆsix percent of the Pacific Islander population lived in the West in 1990 compared with 56 percent of the Asian and Pacific Islander group as a whole and 21 percent of the total population.

Figure 2. Pacific Islander Population: 1990

AK

MT OR

Approximately 75 percent of Pacific Islanders lived in just two States Ċ California and Hawaii. These two States had more than 100,000 Pacific Islanders.

ID NV

ND

WY

UT

AZ

CO

WI

IL

OK

TX

MO

NY

MI

IA

KS

NM

Washington was the only other State that had 15,000 or more Pacific Islanders. The number of States with 5,000 or more Pacific Islanders doubled between 1980 and 1990, when Oregon, Texas, and Utah joined California, Hawaii, and Washington.

MN

SD NE

CA

HI

274

NH VT ME

WA

OH

IN

KY

WV VA NC

TN

SC

AR AL LA MS

PA

GA

FL 100,000 or more 5,000 to 99,999 1,000 to 4,999 Less than 1,000

MA RI

CT NJ DE MD DC

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Most of us are native born.

Only 13 percent of Pacific Islanders were foreign born, much lower than the 63 percent for the total Asian and Pacific Islander population.

Among the Pacific Islander groups, Tongans had the highest proportion of foreign born at 61 percent.

Figure 3. Foreign-Born Population: 1990 (Percent) Asian and Pacific Islander

63.1

Pacific Islander

12.9

60.9

Tongan

Samoans and Guamanians had much lower proportions of foreign born, 23 percent and 11 percent, respectively.

Samoan

22.7

11.4

Guamanian

Only 1 percent of Hawaiians, natives to this land, were foreign born.

Hawaiian

We are a relatively young population.

Pacific Islanders had a median age of 25 years in 1990. The median age was about 30 years for the Asian and Pacific Islander population as a whole and 33 for the total population.

Only 4 percent of Pacific Islanders were 65 years old and over compared with 6 percent of all Asians and Pacific Islanders and 13 percent of the total population.

1.3

Figure 4. Median Age: 1990 Asian and Pacific Islander

29.8

Pacific Islander

25.0

26.3

Hawaiian

25.4

Guamanian

In 1990, Hawaiians had the oldest median age among Pacific Islanders, 26 years, followed by Guamanians with a median age of 25.

Samoan

Other Pacific Islander

21.5

23.2

Samoans, at 22 years, had the youngest median age among Pacific Islanders.

275

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We have larger families than the average for the Nation. The average Pacific Islander family had 4.1 perĆ sons in 1990, larger than the average number of persons per family for Asians and Pacific IslandĆ ers (3.8 persons) and all American families (3.2 persons). Pacific Islander families were largĆ er partly because of higher fertility rates, but also because many maintain traditions of strong and cohesive extended families. Family size ranged from 4.8 persons for Samoans to 3.8 persons for Hawaiians. Among Pacific IsĆ lander families, 73 percent were maintained by a husband and wife compared with 81 percent of Asian and Pacific Islander families. Pacific Islanders were more likely to have a female householder with no spouse present (19 percent) than all Asians and Pacific Islanders (12 percent). Many of us first come to America to pursue higher education. In 1990, 76 percent of all Pacific Islanders 25 years old and over were at least high school graduates. The rate for all Asians and Pacific Islanders was 78 percent and the national rate was 75 percent. Within the Pacific Islander group, the proportion who received a high school diploma or higher ranged from 80 percent for Hawaiians to 64 perĆ cent for Tongans. In general, Pacific Islander men had higher rates of high school completion than women, 77 percent versus 75 percent. Tongan women, however, had higher rates of high school completion than Tongan men. At the college level, 11 percent of Pacific Islanders were graduates compared with 37 percent of all Asians and Pacific Islanders and 20 percent of the total population. Hawaiians had the highest college completion rate among Pacific Islanders at 12 percent, followed by Guamanians at 10 percent, Samoans at 8 percent, and Tongans at 6 percent.

276

Figure 5. Persons Per Family: 1990

Asian and Pacific Islander

3.8

Pacific Islander

4.1

4.8

Samoan

3.9

Guamanian

3.8

Hawaiian

Other Pacific Islander

4.6

Table 1. Educational Attainment by Sex: 1990 (Percent 25 years old and over) High school graduate or higher Men Women

Bachelor's degree or higher Men Women

Total . . . . . . . . . . .

75.7

74.8

23.3

17.6

Asian and Pacific Islander .

81.5

74.0

41.9

31.8

Pacific Islander . .

77.2

75.0

12.0

9.6

Hawaiian . . . . . . . . Samoan . . . . . . . . . Tongan . . . . . . . . . Guamanian . . . . . .

79.9 74.7 61.4 73.9

79.0 66.5 66.8 70.6

13.0 9.8 5.6 11.8

10.7 6.1 5.9 8.2

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

OneĆfourth of us speak a language other than English at home. Of the 78,000 Pacific Islander persons 5 years old and over speaking a language other than English at home, 25 percent spoke an Asian or Pacific Islander language at home. ThirtyĆthree percent of these did not speak English very well," and 11 percent were linguistically isolated." Among Pacific Islanders, Tongans and Samoans had the highest proportion of persons 5 years old and over speaking an Asian or Pacific Islander language at home. Hawaiians had the lowest proportion. Tongans had the highest proportion of persons who were linguistically isolated among Pacific Islander groups.

Section Five: Census Data

Table 2. Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English: 1990 (Percent 5 years old and over) Speak Asian or Pacific Islander language at home

Do not speak English very well"

LinguisĆ tically isolated

Asian and Pacific Islander . . .

63.3

55.6

34.4

Pacific Islander . . .

24.9

33.4

11.1

Hawaiian . . . . Samoan . . . . . Tongan . . . . . Guamanian . .

7.7 63.9 72.4 30.2

26.7 32.7 47.4 24.1

8.1 9.3 21.6 7.1

Note: Linguistic isolation refers to persons in households in which no one 14 years old or over speaks only English and no one who speaks a lan guage other than English speaks English very well."

We are well represented in the labor force.

Figure 6. Labor Force Participation: 1990 (Percent persons 16 years old and over)

A larger proportion of Pacific Islanders particiĆ pated in the labor force than did the Asian and Pacific Islander population as a whole. Only Samoans and Tongans were below the Pacific Islander average.

Asian and Pacific Islander

67.5

Pacific Islander

Guamanians had the highest labor force particiĆ pation rate at 72 percent. SixtyĆthree percent of Pacific Islander women were in the labor force compared with 60 percent of all Asian and Pacific Islander women and 57 percent of all women in the United States.

Guamanian

72.2

Hawaiian

71.2

Tongan

The percent of Pacific Islander women in the labor force ranged from 55 percent for Samoans to 63 percent for Guamanians.

70.1

Samoan

68.0

63.7

277

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Nearly oneĆthird of Pacific Islanders are employed in technical, sales, and administrative support jobs. Pacific Islanders were more likely to be in service occupations than the total Asian and Pacific Islander population, but less likely to be in manaĆ gerial or professional occupations. Tongans were more likely than all Pacific IslandĆ ers to work in service occupations and less likely to be managers or professionals. Pacific Islanders were more likely than all Asian and Pacific Islanders to work in precision production, craft, and repair occupations or as operators, fabricators, and laborers. Although farming, forestry, and fishing are common in many Pacific Island areas, less than 3 percent of Pacific Islanders worked in farming, forestry, and fishing in the United States.

Figure 7. Occupation: 1990 (Percent employed persons 16 years old and over) Managerial and professional specialty

30.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support

33.2 32.1 14.8

Service

Farming, forestry, and fishing

19.2 1.2 2.5

Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers

8.0 11.9 12.1 16.3

Figure 8. Families With Three or More Workers: 1990

About 19.7 percent of Pacific Islander families and 19.8 percent of Asian and Pacific Islander families had three or more workers compared with 13.4 percent of the Nation's families.

(Percent)

About 26 percent of Pacific Islander families had one worker and 46 percent had two workers. These percentages were similar to those for all Asian and Pacific Islander families.

Asian and Pacific Islander

19.8

Pacific Islander

19.7

Hawaiian

Samoan

Guamanian

Samoans were somewhat more likely than Pacific Islanders as a whole to have oneĆworker families (30 percent compared with 26 percent) and less likely to have twoĆworker families (40 percent compared with 46 percent).

Pacific Islander

18.1

Our families are well represented in the work force.

Pacific Islander families were also less likely than all families to have no workers (9 percent compared with 13 percent). Only 3 percent of Tongan families had no workers.

278

Asian and Pacific Islander

Tongan

20.0

19.6

19.1

18.6

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our per capita income is below the National average. In 1989, the Pacific Islander per capita income was $10,342, lower than $13,638 for Asians and Pacific Islanders and $14,143 for the Nation. The lower per capita income of Pacific Islanders in part reflects the larger average size of Pacific Islander families (4.08) compared to all families nationally (3.16). The median income of Pacific Islander families ($33,955) is slightly lower than that for all families ($35,225). Pacific Islanders' median household inĆ come in 1989 ($31,980) was slightly higher than that for all households ($30,056). Hawaiians had the highest per capita income at $11,446 of all Pacific Islander groups, followed by Guamanians with $10,834. Tongan and Samoan per capita income was about half the National per capita income, $6,144 and $7,690, respectively.

Figure 9. Per Capita Income: 1990 (In 1989 dollars) Asian and Pacific Islander

Pacific Islander

Among Pacific Islanders, Samoans had the highĆ est poverty rate at 26 percent. Tongans had the next highest poverty rate in 1989 at 23 percent. About 1 of every 4 Samoan families and 1 of every 5 Tongan families were below the poverty level in 1989.

$10,342

Hawaiian

$11,446

$10,834

Guamanian

Samoan

Tongan

Our poverty rate is higher than that for all Asians and Pacific Islanders. About 58,000 or 17 percent of Pacific Islanders lived below the poverty level in 1989, higher than the 14 percent poverty rate for all Asians and Pacific Islanders.

$13,638

$7,690

$6,144

Figure 10. Poverty Rates for Persons: 1989 (Percent in poverty) Asian and Pacific Islander

14.1

Pacific Islander

17.1

Samoan

25.8

23.1

Tongan

Guamanian

Hawaiian

15.3

14.3

279

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

e, the First Americans Introduction We, the American Indians and Alaska NaĆ tives, are the original inhabitants of AmeriĆ ca. Our land once was a vast stretch of forest, plains, and mountains extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and from the Arctic Circle to the tip of South America. In many American Indian and Alaska Native lands across the country, we still hunt, fish, and gather from the land, rivers, and seas, much as we have for thousands of years. Our long and proud heritage continues in our many traditional foods, medicines, and names all Americans use. We have survived numerous disruptions of our lives and dislocations from our native habitats. Today, while still maintaining our tribal traditions and languages, we strive to accept new technologies which adĆ dress our needs. This is a descriptive profile of the AmeriĆ can Indian and Alaska Native populaĆ tions. Characteristics such as population size, family composition, education, labor force status, occupation, income, and poverty status are presented in three secĆ tions. Section 1 Ċ Figures 1Ć10. Characteristics of the American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population The nearly 2 million American Indians, EsĆ kimos, and Aleuts living in the United States in 1990 represented an increase of 38 percent over the 1980 total. Data are presented for the total American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut population compared with the total population of the United States. Section 2 Ċ Figures 11Ć22. Characteristics of the American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut PopulaĆ tion on 10 Largest Reservations and Trust Lands The 1990 census showed that 437,079 American Indians, 182 Eskimos, and 97 Aleuts lived on 314 reservations and trust

280

lands; about 218,290 American Indians, 25 Eskimos, and 5 Aleuts lived on the 10 largest reservations and trust lands. Data are presented for the American InĆ dian, Eskimo, and Aleut population on all reservations and trust lands, as well as the 10 reservations and trust lands with the largest populations Ċ Navajo, Pine Ridge, Fort Apache, Gila River, Papago, Rosebud, Hopi, San Carlos, Zuni Pueblo, and Blackfeet. Section 3 Ċ Figures 23Ć32. Characteristics of the Alaska Native Population (American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts) in Alaska In 1990, there were 85,698 Alaska Natives living in Alaska. Most were Eskimos, but substantial numbers were American InĆ dians and Aleuts. In 1980, the Alaska NaĆ tive population numbered 64,103, a 34 percent increase during the 1980's. Data are presented for all Alaska Natives, as well as separately for the three groupsĊ American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts. The increase in the American Indian, EskiĆ mo, and Aleut population cannot be atĆ tributed only to natural increase. Other factors may have contributed to the highĆ er count of American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts such as: improvements in the way the Census Bureau counted people on reservations, on trust lands, and in Alaska Native villages; continued use of selfĆidentification to obtain information on race; greater propensity in 1990 than in earlier censuses for individuals (especialĆ ly those of mixed Indian and nonĆIndian parentage) to report themselves as AmerĆ ican Indian; and improved outreach proĆ grams and promotion campaigns. The possible effect of these factors upon the data in this report should be considĆ ered in interpreting changes from 1980 to 1990 in the size, distribution, and characĆ teristics of the American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut population.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 1 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population Although we are the First Americans, we have only been counted as a populaĆ tion for 100 years.

Figure 1. American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population: 1890 to 1990

Estimates of the number of American Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) have been made since the founding of the Nation, but it was not until 1860 that the Federal Government counted this group. In 1860, Indians were counted if they had left their reservations and lived among other Americans. The 1890 census was the first to obĆ tain a complete census of American Indians throughout the country.

(Thousands)

1,959

1,420

In the first half of this century, the American Indian population grew slowly in contrast to the period from 1950 to 1990, which was one of rapid growth.

827 552

Projections show growth of the American Indian population, reaching 4.6 million by 2050. Nearly oneĆhalf of the American Indian population lived in the West in 1990, 29 percent in the South, 17 percent in the Midwest, and 6 percent in the Northeast. Between 1980 and 1990, the proporĆ tion of American Indians increased noticeably only in the South, from 26 percent to 29 percent.

248

237

291 2611

3662 377

362

1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1 Partially estimated. 2 Eskimo and Aleut population

are based on 1939 counts.

Figure 2. Ten Largest American Indian Tribes: 1990 (Thousands)

Our 500 tribes vary greatly in size. In 1990, the only tribes with more than 100,000 persons were the Cherokee, Navajo, Chippewa, and Sioux. Approximately 16 percent of all Indians reported themselves as Cherokee, 12 percent as Navajo, and 6 percent each as Chippewa and Sioux. The Choctaw, Pueblo, and Apache had populaĆ tions of at least 50,000 persons. The Choctaw accounted for 4 percent of the American Indian population. The Iroquois Confederacy, Lumbee, and Creek all had 43,000 or more persons. The 1990 census showed that 14 tribes had a population between 10,000 and 21,000 persons. Most tribes had populations of less than 10,000.

308

Cherokee 219

Navajo Chippewa

104

Sioux1

103

Choctaw

82

Pueblo

53

Apache

50

Iroquois2

49

Lumbee

48

Creek

44 1 Any

entry with the spelling Siouan" was miscoded to Sioux in North Carolina. 2 Reporting and/or processing problems have affected the data for this tribe.

281

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 1 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut PopulationĊCon. Figure 3. Ten States With the Largest Number of American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts: 1990

Nearly oneĆhalf of us live West of the Mississippi River. Two of every three American Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) lived in the 10 States with the largest American Indian populations in 1990. Of these States, only North Carolina, Michigan, and New York are east of the Mississippi River. In 1990, more than half of the American Indian population lived in just six States: Oklahoma, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Alaska, and Washington. Oklahoma was the State with the largest American Indian population in 1990, climbing from second position in 1980. Between 1980 and 1990, California dropped from first to second place, and Arizona and New Mexico stayed at third and fourth place, respectively.

We have a young and growing population. ThirtyĆnine percent of the American Indian (inĆ cluding Eskimo and Aleut) population was under 20 years old in 1990 compared with 29 percent of the Nation's total population.

(Thousands) 252

Oklahoma

242

California 204

Arizona New Mexico

134

Alaska

86

Washington

81

North Carolina

80

Texas

66

New York

63

Michigan

56

Figure 4. Population by Age and Sex: 1990 (Percent distribution) American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 3.7

About 8 percent of all American Indians were 60 years old and over in 1990, about half of the proportion (17 percent) for the total population. The median age of the American Indian populaĆ tion was 26 years, considerably younger than the U.S. median age of 33 years. The American Indian population is younger in part because of higher fertility rates than the total population.

4.8

7.1

11.4

16.4

17.4 18.8

20.5

282

Total population 70 years and over

8.5

60 to 69 years

8.3

50 to 59 years

8.8

40 to 49 years

12.7

30 to 39 years

16.8

20 to 29 years

16.2

10 to 19 years

14.0

Under 10 years

14.7

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 1 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut PopulationĊCon. We have more families maintained by a female householder than the total population.

Figure 5. Families by Type of Family: 1990

In 1990, the vast majority of American Indian (including Eskimo and Aleut) families had both a husband and wife present. However, the proporĆ tion of families maintained by a female houseĆ holder without a husband present was higher than the national figure.

(Percent)

Among the Nation's 442,000 American Indian families in 1990, 6 in 10 were marriedĆcouple families compared with about 8 in 10 of the NaĆ tion's 64.5 million families. Consistent with the national trend, the proportion of American Indian families maintained by a female householder without a husband present increased during the last decade and reached 27 percent in 1990. This proportion was considerably larger than the national figure of 17 percent. American Indian families were slightly larger than all familiesĊ3.6 persons per family versus 3.2 persons per family. In 1990, American Indian marriedĆcouple families (54 percent) were less likely to have children under 18 years old compared with all marriedĆcouple families (70 percent).

In 1990, 66 percent of the 1,080,000 American Indians 25 years old and over were high school graduates or higher compared with only 56 perĆ cent in 1980. Despite the advances, the 1990 proportion was still below the total population (75 percent). American Indians were not as likely as the entire U.S. population to have completed a bachelor's degree or higher. About 9 percent of American Indians completed a bachelor's degree or higher in 1990 compared with 8 percent in 1980Ċstill lower than the 20 percent for the total population in 1990.

Total population

64.2 MarriedĆcouple families 78.6

27.3

Female householder, no husband present

Male householder, no wife present

16.5

8.5

4.9

Figure 6. Educational Attainment: 1990

Our educational attainment improved during the 1980's. The educational attainment levels of American Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) improved significantly during the 1980's, but remained conĆ siderably below the levels of the total population.

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over)

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Total population

65.5 Percent high school graduate or higher

75.2

9.3

Percent bachelor's degree or higher

Percent graduate or professional degree

20.3

3.2

7.2

283

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 1 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut PopulationĊCon. We have lower labor force participation rates than the total population.

Figure 7. Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex: 1990

Overall, 62 percent of the 1,395,009 American Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) 16 years old and over were in the labor force in 1990, 3 percentage points below the 65 percent for the total population.

(Percent of persons 16 years old and over)

SixtyĆnine percent of American Indian males 16 years old and over were in the labor force compared with more than 74 percent for all males. American Indian women have shared in the naĆ tional trend of increased labor force participation by women. The proportion of American Indian women in the labor force increased from 48 perĆ cent in 1980 to 55 percent in 1990. The rate for all women in 1990 was only slightly higher at 57 percent.

A smaller proportion of American Indians than of the total population were employed in managerial and professional specialty occupations. This was also true for technical, sales, and administrative support jobs. A larger proportion of American Indians than of the total population were employed in service occupations; farming, forestry, and fishing jobs; precision production, craft, and repair occupaĆ tions; or were employed as operators, fabricaĆ tors, and laborers.

284

Total population

62.1 Both sexes 65.3

69.4 Male 74.4

55.1 Female 56.8

Our choices of occupations differ from those of all Americans. In 1990, 729,000 American Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) were employed in various occupations. The distribution of employed American Indians among the six major occupational categories differed from that of the general population.

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

Figure 8. Occupation: 1990 American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

(Percent of employed persons 16 years old and over)

Total population 18.3

Managerial and professional specialty

26.4

Technical, sales, and administrative support

26.8 31.7 18.5

Service

Farming, forestry, and fishing Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers

13.2 3.3 2.5 13.7 11.3 19.4 14.9

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 1 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut PopulationĊCon. Our incomes are well below those of all Americans. In 1990, the median family income of American Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) was $21,750 compared with $35,225 for the total population. Stated another way, for every $100 U.S. families received, American Indian families received $62.

Figure 9. Median Family Income by Type of Family: 1990

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Total population

(In 1989 dollars)

$21,750 All families $35,225

The median income of American Indian marriedĆ couple families was $28,287, or 71 percent of the $39,584 median for all marriedĆcouple families. TwentyĆseven percent of all American Indian famĆ ilies were maintained by a female householder with no husband present in 1990. The median income for these families was $10,742, about 62 percent of the $17,414 median for all families maintained by women without husbands.

$28,287 MarriedĆcouple families $39,584

$10,742

Female householder, no husband present

$17,414

Many of our people live in poverty.

Figure 10. Poverty Rates in 1989 by Type of Family

The proportion of American Indian (including Eskimo and Aleut) persons and families living below the official Government poverty level in 1989 was considerably higher than that of the total population.

(Percent in poverty)

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Total population

17.0

In 1989, about 603,000, or 31 percent, of American Indians were living below the poverty level. The national poverty rate was about 13 percent (31.7 million persons). TwentyĆseven percent, or 125,000, American Indian families were in poverty in 1989 compared with 10 percent of all families (6.5 million). Fifty percent of American Indian families mainĆ tained by females with no husband present were in poverty compared with 31 percent of all famiĆ lies maintained by women without husbands.

MarriedĆcouple families 5.5

33.4

Male householder, no wife present 13.8

Female householder, no husband present

50.4

31.1

285

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 2 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population on Reservations OneĆfifth of us live on reservations and trust lands. TwentyĆtwo percent, or 437,431, of all American Indians (including Eskimos and Aleuts) lived on reservations and trust lands in 1990. ReservaĆ tions and trust lands are areas with boundaries established by treaty, statute, and/or executive or court order. The American Indian population in the Tribal Jurisdiction Statistical Areas in Oklahoma numĆ bered 200,789, and comprised 10 percent of the total American Indian population. Three percent, or 53,644, of the American Indian population lived in Tribal Designated Statistical Areas and 2 percent, or 47,244, lived in Alaska Native Village Statistical Areas.

Figure 11. American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts by Type of Area: 1990 (Percent distribution) Reservations and Trust Lands 22.3% Remainder of the United States 62.3%

Tribal Jurisdiction Statistical Areas 10.2% Tribal Designated Statistical Areas 2.7%

Total American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut population = 2.0 million.

Our numbers on our 314 reservations and trust lands vary considerably. The number of American Indians (including 182 Eskimos and 97 Aleuts) living on the 314 reservations and trust lands varied substanĆ tially. Only 10 reservations had more than 7,000 American Indians in 1990; most had fewer than 1,000.

143,405

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT* 11,182

Pine Ridge, NE-SD* Fort Apache, AZ

An additional eight reservations had more than 7,000 American Indians; Fort Apache, Gila River, Papago, Rosebud, San Carlos, Zuni Pueblo, Hopi, and Blackfeet.

Rosebud, SD*

The 218,320 American Indians living on the 10 largest reservations and trust lands accounted for about half of all American Indians living on reservations and trust lands.

286

Figure 12. Ten Reservations With the Largest Number of American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts: 1990

Only the Navajo Reservation and trust lands had more than 100,000 American Indians, while the Pine Ridge Reservation and trust lands was the only other reservation with more than 10,000 American Indians in 1990.

Seven of the 10 reservations and trust lands with the largest American Indian populations were entirely or partially located in Arizona.

Alaska Native Village Statistical Areas 2.4%

9,825 9,116

Gila River, AZ

8,480

Papago, AZ

8,043

San Carlos, AZ

7,110

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

7,073

Hopi, AZ*

7,061

Blackfeet, MT

7,025 *Includes trust lands.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 2 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population on ReservationsĊCon. Our population on reservations is considerably younger because of high fertility rates.

Figure 13. Median Age: 1990 22.3

All Reservations*

The median age of the American Indian population on all reservations and trust lands was 22 years, considerably younger than the median age of 26 years for the total American Indian population and the U.S. median age of 33 years. Among the 10 largest reservations and trust lands, Rosebud had the youngest median age followed by Pine Ridge, both approximately 19 years.

Hopi, AZ*

26.3

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

24.1 23.6

Papago, AZ Blackfeet, MT

22.8

Gila River, AZ

22.7

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

21.8

San Carlos, AZ

21.5 20.9

Fort Apache, AZ

Hopi is the only reservation where the median age was about the same as the total American Indian median age of 26.

19.3

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

18.8

Rosebud, SD* *Includes trust lands.

Figure 14. School Enrollment: 1990

Our school enrollment rates are higher on reservations. Overall, more than 31 percent of American Indians 3 years old and over living on reservaĆ tions and trust lands were enrolled in elementary or high school. The enrollment rates for all American Indians 3 years old and over was 25 percent compared with 18 percent for the total U.S. population. Of the 10 largest reservations, Rosebud, Pine Ridge, Gila River, and Navajo had the highest proportions enrolled in elementary or high school.

(Percent of persons 3 years old and over enrolled in elementary or high school) 31.0

All Reservations*

34.7

Rosebud, SD*

33.2

Pine Ridge, NE-SD* Gila River, AZ

32.2

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

31.8

San Carlos, AZ

31.5

Blackfeet, MT

31.1 30.3

Papago, AZ

28.6

Fort Apache, AZ Hopi, AZ*

29.3

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

29.3 *Includes trust lands.

287

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 2 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population on ReservationsĊCon. Figure 15. Educational Attainment: 1990

Our educational attainment rates differ substantially among reservations. The proportion of American Indian adults 25 years old and over with high school diplomas or higher on the 10 largest reservations and trust lands ranged from 37 percent to 66 percent. Overall, 54 percent of American Indian adults living on all reservations and trust lands were high school graduates or higher. Blackfeet and Hopi had similar proportions (66 percent and 63 percent) of high school graduates or higher. Gila River, at about 37 percent, had the lowest proportion of high school graduates or higher, followed by Navajo with 41 percent.

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over with a high school diploma or higher) All Reservations*

53.8

Blackfeet, MT

66.3

Hopi, AZ*

62.6

Rosebud, SD*

59.3

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

55.4

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

55.2

San Carlos, AZ

49.4

Fort Apache, AZ

48.3

Papago, AZ

47.3

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

41.1

Gila River, AZ

37.3 *Includes trust lands.

Our labor force participation rates differ substantially among reservations.

Figure 16. Employment Rates: 1990

There were substantial differences in civilian labor force participation rates for American InĆ dians 16 years old and over on the 10 largest reservations and trust lands.

(Percent of employed persons 16 years old and over in the civilian labor force)

Zuni Pueblo had the highest proportion of American Indians employed in the civilian labor force in 1990. About 69 percent or less of the American Indian population was employed in the civilian labor force at Blackfeet, Gila River, San Carlos, Pine Ridge, and Fort Apache.

74.4

All Reservations* Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

86.2

Papago, AZ

76.6

Hopi, AZ*

73.2

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

70.5

Rosebud, SD*

70.5

Gila River, AZ

69.4

San Carlos, AZ

69.0

Blackfeet, MT

68.9

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

67.3

Fort Apache, AZ

64.7 *Includes trust lands.

288

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 2 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population on ReservationsĊCon. Figure 17. Per Capita Income: 1990

Our per capita income ranged from just over $3,000 per person to nearly $5,000 per person in 1989. The per capita income in 1989 was about $4,478 for American Indians residing on all reservations and trust lands. The per capita income of American Indians on the 10 largest reservations ranged from $3,113 to $4,718. Blackfeet and Hopi had the highest per capita incomes. The remaining eight reservations had per capita incomes of less than $4,000. Papago and Pine Ridge had the lowest per capita incomes of about $3,100.

(In 1989 dollars) All Reservations*

$4,478

Blackfeet, MT

$4,718

Hopi, AZ*

$4,566

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

$3,904

Fort Apache, AZ

$3,805

Rosebud, SD*

$3,739

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

$3,735

Gila River, AZ

$3,176

San Carlos, AZ

$3,173

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

$3,115

Papago, AZ

$3,113 *Includes trust lands.

Figure 18. Poverty Rates in 1989

Half of our people on reservations live in poverty. A very high proportion, 51 percent, of the 437,431 American Indians residing on reservaĆ tions and trust lands were living below the poverty level in 1989. There were vast differences in poverty rates in 1989 among the 10 largest reservations and trust lands. About 2 in 3 persons on the Papago, Pine Ridge, Gila River, and San Carlos Reservations and trust lands were in poverty. The Hopi, Blackfeet, Zuni Pueblo, and Fort Apache Reservations had the lowest percentĆ ages of American Indians in poverty, about 50 percent.

(Percent in poverty in 1989) All Reservations*

50.7

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

66.6

Papago, AZ

65.7

Gila River, AZ

64.4

San Carlos, AZ

62.5

Rosebud, SD*

60.4 57.8

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT* Fort Apache, AZ

52.7

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

52.5

Blackfeet, MT

50.1

Hopi, AZ*

49.4 *Includes trust lands.

289

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 2 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population on ReservationsĊCon. Our 10 largest reservations had high proportions of housing units occupied by American Indian householders.

Figure 19. Occupied Housing Units With an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Householder: 1990

In 1990, only 45 percent of the occupied housing units on all reservations and trust lands had an American Indian householder. Substantially largĆ er percentages of occupied housing units on the 10 largest reservations and trust lands had AmerĆ ican Indian householders.

(Percent)

The proportion was as high as 95 percent on the San Carlos, Gila River, and Papago ReservaĆ tions. Rosebud had the lowest percent of its units occupied by American Indian houseĆ holders, at 76 percent.

All Reservations*

44.9

Papago, AZ

95.4

San Carlos, AZ

95.8

Gila River, AZ

94.5

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

94.0 92.4

Hopi, AZ* Fort Apache, AZ

90.0

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

88.9 85.5

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

80.2

Blackfeet, MT

75.7

Rosebud, SD* *Includes trust lands.

Figure 20. Owner-Occupied Housing Units With an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Householder: 1990

About 67 percent of us on reservations are homeowners. TwoĆthirds of the American Indian houseĆ holders living on reservations and trust lands owned their own homes. In comparison, 54 percent of all American Indian householders were homeowners. Among the 10 largest reservations and trust lands, at least 3 of every 4 householders were homeowners on the Hopi, Zuni Pueblo, Navajo, and Papago Reservations. In contrast, Rosebud, Pine Ridge, and Blackfeet had the lowest proportions of ownerĆoccupied housing units.

(Percent) All Reservations*

67.3

Hopi, AZ*

80.0

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM

79.1

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

78.3 74.4

Papago, AZ

70.7

Fort Apache, AZ San Carlos, AZ

67.3

Gila River, AZ

67.1 51.8

Blackfeet, MT

44.6

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

42.7

Rosebud, SD* *Includes trust lands.

290

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 2 - American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Population on ReservationsĊCon. Our household sizes vary by reservaĆ tion, from about 3.5 persons to nearly 4.6 persons per household. The median number of persons in American Indian households on all reservations and trust lands was 3.6.

Figure 21. Median Persons Per Unit for Housing Units With an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Householder: 1990 3.63

All Reservations*

4.58

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM Fort Apache, AZ

Among the 10 largest reservations and trust lands, the median persons per unit ranged from 4.6 for Zuni Pueblo to 3.5 for Blackfeet. Zuni Pueblo, Pine Ridge, San Carlos, and Fort Apache had 4.0 or more persons per unit.

4.37

San Carlos, AZ

4.18

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

4.00

Hopi, AZ*

3.99 3.91

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

3.79

Papago, AZ Gila River, AZ

3.63

Rosebud, SD*

3.56

Blackfeet, MT

3.48 *Includes trust lands.

OneĆfifth of our homes on reservations lack complete plumbing facilities. In 1990, more than 22,793, or 20 percent, of American Indian housing units on reservations and trust lands lacked complete plumbing faciliĆ ties compared with 6 percent of all American InĆ dian households in the United States.

Figure 22. Plumbing Facilities for Housing Units With an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Householder: 1990 (Percent lacking complete plumbing facilities) 20.2

All Reservations*

49.1

Navajo, AZ-NM-UT*

Navajo and Hopi Reservations had the largest proportion without complete plumbing facilities. Among the 10 largest reservations, the lowest proportions of housing units without complete plumbing facilities was on the Blackfeet Reservation.

46.7

Hopi, AZ* 32.0

Papago, AZ San Carlos, AZ

21.6

Pine Ridge, NE-SD*

20.9 18.0

Gila River, AZ

14.5

Fort Apache, AZ 7.2

Rosebud, SD*

6.2

Zuni Pueblo, AZ-NM Blackfeet, MT

1.8 *Includes trust lands.

291

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 3 - Alaska Native Population in Alaska We, the Alaska Native population, have been counted since 1880.

Figure 23. Alaska Native Population in Alaska: 1880 to 1990

The Alaska Native population includes Eskimos, American Indians, and Aleuts living in Alaska. The growth of the Alaska Native population was relatively slow from 1880 to 1950.

85,698

64,103

In contrast, the period from 1950 to 1990 was a time of rapid growth for Alaska Natives. The population rose by more than 50,000 persons (153 percent) and numbered 85,698 in 1990.

50,814 42,522 32,9961

29,536 23,531

25,331 26,558

29,983

32,458 33,863

1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1 Partially estimated.

Half of our people are Eskimos. In 1990, more than half of all Alaska Natives were Eskimos, about 36 percent were American Indians, and about 12 percent were Aleuts. The two main Eskimo groups, Inupiat and Yupik, are distinguished by their language and geography. The former live in the north and northwest parts of Alaska and speak Inupiaq, while the latter live in the south and southwest and speak Yupik. The American Indian tribes are the Alaskan Athabaskan (11,696) in the central part of the State, and the Tlingit (9,448), Tsimshian (1,653), and Haida (1,083) in the southeast. The Aleuts (10,052) live mainly in the Aleutian Islands.

292

Figure 24. Distribution of Alaska Natives in Alaska: 1990 (Percent)

American Indian 36.5%

Eskimo 51.8%

Aleut 11.7% Total Alaska Native population in Alaska = 85,698.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 3 - Alaska Native Population in AlaskaĊCon. We live and work in Alaska Native Regional Corporations. After 1971, all of Alaska (except the Annette Islands Reserve) was divided into 12 geographiĆ cally defined Alaska Native Regional CorporaĆ tions, a corporate entity organized to conduct business for profit. The boundaries of these regions have been legally established. In 1990, the largest number of Alaska Natives lived in the Cook Inlet Regional Corporation and the smallest number lived in Ahtna.

Figure 25. Alaska Natives in Alaska Native Regional Corporations: 1990 Cook Inlet

18,581

Calista

16,775

Sealaska

11,622

Doyon

10,793

Bering Straits

6,148

NANA

5,209

Bristol Bay

4,639

Arctic Slope

Of the 12 Regional Corporations in Alaska, Calista had the highest concentration of Alaska Natives at 86 percent of the total population. Although Cook Inlet had the largest number of Alaska Natives, they comprised only 6 percent of that Corporation's total population.

Alaska is a young State, and our people are younger still.

4,336

Koniag

2,126

Aleut

2,118

Chugach

1,550

Ahtna

592

Figure 26. Alaska Natives in Alaska by Age: 1990 (Percent distribution)

The median age of Alaska Natives was 24 years, compared with 29 years for the total State popuĆ lation and 33 years for the total United States.

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 3.0

About 44 percent of Alaska Natives were under 20 years of age compared with 34 percent of Alaska's total population.

4.1

However, 49 percent of Alaska Natives and 60 percent of the State's population were 20 to 59 years old.

6.3

9.6

About the same percentage of Alaska Natives (7 percent) and of Alaska's total population (6 percent) were 60 years old and over.

15.9

25.8

Alaska State 70 years and over

60 to 69 years

50 to 59 years

40 to 49 years

2.3 4.1

7.0

14.1

21.3

30 to 39 years

17.5

20 to 29 years

17.9

10 to 19 years

Under 10 years

17.2

14.6 19.4

293

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 3 - Alaska Native Population in AlaskaĊCon. Many of our families are maintained by women only.

Figure 27. Type of Family: 1990

Alaska Natives had proportionately fewer marriedĆcouple families and more families with a female householder and no husband present than the State as a whole.

(Percent)

Only 58 percent of the 16,432 Alaska Native families consisted of a husband and wife compared with 80 percent of all 132,837 families in Alaska.

Married-couple families American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

ThirtyĆone percent of American Indian families, 28 percent of Eskimo families, and 26 percent of Aleut families were maintained by female houseĆ holders with no husband present compared with 14 percent of all Alaska's families.

SixtyĆthree percent of the 41,949 Alaska Natives 25 years old and over had completed high school or higher compared with 87 percent statewide. Four percent of Alaska Natives were college graduates with a bachelor's degree or higher, while the statewide total was 23 percent. Among Alaska Native groups, American Indians were more likely to have a high school education and a college degree or higher than were Eskimos and Aleuts.

63.5

Aleut

79.9

Alaska State Female householder, no husband present American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

28.9

American Indian

30.7 28.2

Eskimo Aleut

26.2 13.7

Alaska State

Figure 28. Educational Attainment: 1990 (Percent of persons 25 years old and over) High school graduate or higher American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

63.1 70.3

American Indian 57.2

Eskimo

62.5

Aleut

86.6

Alaska State Bachelor’s degree or higher American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut American Indian

4.1 5.9

Eskimo

2.7

Aleut

3.9

Alaska State

294

58.5

Eskimo

We are making great strides in educaĆ tion but still have room to improve. Although Alaska Natives have made great strides in education during this century, Alaska Natives remain less likely to have high school diplomas and bachelor's degrees or higher than other Alaskans.

56.3

American Indian

Among Alaska Natives, Aleuts had the largest percentage of marriedĆcouple families. The proportion of families with a female householder and no husband present was twice as high among Alaska Natives as Alaska's total population.

58.3

23.0

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Section 3 - Alaska Native Population in AlaskaĊCon. Our labor force participation is much lower than that for our State. Just 56 percent of the 54,614 Alaska Natives 16 years old and over were in the labor force in 1990 compared with 75 percent of Alaska's total population. FiftyĆone percent of all Alaska Native females 16 years old and over compared to 66 percent of all females in Alaska were in the labor force in 1990. Similarly, 61 percent of all Alaska Native males 16 years old and over were in the labor force in 1990 compared with 82 percent of all males in Alaska. American Indians had the highest labor force participation rate of the three Alaska Native groups; this may be because they were more likely to live in urban areas. Aleuts and Eskimos, who tend to live in rural areas, had lower rates.

Figure 29. Labor Force Participation Rates: 1990 (Percent of persons 16 years old and over) Male American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

55.1

Eskimo

58.3

Aleut

82.1

Alaska State Female American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

51.5

American Indian

56.6

Eskimo

47.9

Aleut

49.5 66.4

Alaska State

Figure 30. Occupation: 1990 (Percent of employed persons 16 years old and over)

Among the 23,506 employed Alaska Natives 16 years old and over, 20 percent were in manaĆ gerial and professional occupations compared with 30 percent of all workers in the State.

Alaska Natives were more likely than the statewide population to be in service jobs and to be operators, fabricators, or laborers.

68.6

American Indian

We are more likely to work in the service sector than all Alaskans.

However, Alaska Natives were as likely as the State's total population to work in technical, sales, and administrative jobs. About 3 of every 10 workers in each population held such jobs.

60.7

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Alaska State

Managerial and professional specialty

20.4 30.0

Technical, sales, and administrative support

29.6 30.7 22.5

Service

Farming, forestry, and fishing Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers

14.4 3.6 2.7 9.7 11.2 14.2 11.0

295

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section 3 - Alaska Native Population in AlaskaĊCon. Although Alaska has the highest meĆ dian income of any State, our incomes remain below the average for Alaska. Alaska, with a median family income of $46,581, had the highest income of any State. However, the median family income for Alaska Natives was $26,695, only 57 percent of the median income for the State.

Figure 31. Median Family Income in 1989 by Type of Family (In 1989 dollars) All families American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

$26,695 $29,339

American Indian

Aleut families earned an average of $36,472 followed by American Indians ($29,339) and Eskimos ($23,257). Among marriedĆcouple families, median income levels were $52,022 for the State and $37,407, or 72 percent of the State total, for Alaska Natives.

$23,257

Eskimo

$36,472

Aleut

$46,581

Alaska State Married-couple families American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

$37,407

American Indian

$43,610

Eskimo

$30,444

Aleut

$45,476 $52,022

Alaska State

Sizeable proportions of our people and families live in poverty. In 1989, 23 percent, or 19,250 Alaska Native persons, were poor compared with 9 percent, or 47,906, persons for the State as a whole. TwentyĆeight percent of Eskimos lived in poverty compared with 20 percent of American Indians and 13 percent of Aleuts. TwentyĆone percent of Alaska Native families and 7 percent of families statewide lived below the poverty level.

Figure 32. Poverty Rates in 1989 (Percent in poverty) Persons American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

23.1 19.9

American Indian

27.6

Eskimo 13.2

Aleut 9.0

Alaska State Families American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

21.5

American Indian

18.0

Eskimo

26.9

Aleut Alaska State

296

11.3 6.8

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

e, the American Foreign Born Introduction Most of us are descended from people who were born and reared in the United States. Almost 20 million of us, however, must go back to Mexico, the Philippines, Canada, Cuba, Germany, and many other countries to learn about previous generations. We, who were born in another country of foreign parents and now live in the United States, are America's foreign born. In colonial days, most of America's immigrants came from Great Britain and Ireland, with a few from GermaĆ ny, France, the Netherlands, BelĆ gium, and Luxembourg. During the early 19th century, Germans began coming in everĆincreasing numbers, while the French, Norwegians, and Swedes, feeling the push of ecoĆ nomic pressures at home and the pull of prospective free land and good wages in America, began moving to the United States. Between 1850 and 1882, the ChiĆ nese, fleeing famine in their homeĆ land, immigrated to America, where they worked in mining camps and on the expanding railroad. ImmigraĆ tion stopped for several decades when American labor reacted to the low wages the Chinese accepted

and forced Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act. For 20 years following the Civil War, a relatively large number of CanaĆ dians entered the country. Italians began arriving in 1890, and from 1900 until the start of World War I, about a quarter of all immigrants were Italian. After World War II, many Germans arrived in the United States. The 1970's saw large numĆ bers of Asians and Latin Americans arriving in the United States. Today, the flow of immigrants to America is regulated by laws, and prospective immigrants are admitted at many ports of entry. In addition, an estimated 200,000 undocumented aliens enter the country annually. Where do we, the foreign born, come from? Where do we live in the United States? What kind of work do we do? What education do we have? How much do we earn? We are a mosaic of social and cultural characteristics. The following pages provide a portrait of We, the American foreign born.

297

Section Five: Census Data

In 1990, we the American foreign born reached our greatest number in the history of the United States.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 1. Foreign-Born Population: 1900 to 1990 (Millions)

In 1990, the foreignĆborn population was 19.8 million or 7.9 percent of the total population. This was the largest number of foreignĆborn perĆ sons in U.S. history and the highest proportion of foreign born in the past 40 years. In 1980, the foreignĆborn population numbered 14.1 million or 6.2 percent of the total population; 1970 figures were 9.6 million or 4.7 percent; and 1960 figures were 9.7 million or 5.4 percent. Around the turn of the century, however, the proĆ portions of foreign born were higher than in 1990. For example, in 1900, the foreignĆborn population was 13.6 percent of the population or 10.4 milĆ lion; and in 1910, the proportion of foreign born was 14.8 percent or about 13.6 million.

Today, most of us come from Asia or Latin America. Immigration records, started in 1820, show that until 1970 most of the foreign born came to America from Europe. Of the total of nearly 42 million people who immigrated between 1820 and 1960, 34 million were European. In the 30 years since then, only 2.7 of the 15 million immigrants who came to the United States were European.

19.8

13.6

14.3

14.1 11.7

10.4

10.4

9.6

Figure 2. Percent Foreign Born by Region of Birth: 1900 and 1990

All other 10.3

Europe 22.0

Latin America 42.5 Asia 25.2

1990 All other 12.6 Latin America 1.3 Asia 1.2 Europe 84.9

1900

298

9.7

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

The proportion of the total foreign born from EuroĆ pean countries declined from 85 percent in 1900 to 22 percent in 1990. The proportion of the total foreign born from Latin America and Asia increased from less than 1.5 percent each in 1900 to 43 percent and 25 percent, respectively, in 1990.

14.0

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

We come from many countries, including Mexico, the Philippines, Canada, and Cuba. Ten countries contributed at least 500,000 people each to the foreignĆborn population living in the United States in 1990. Poor economic conditions in Mexico combined with its proximity to the southern border and demand for unskilled labor in the United States resulted in a very large increase in the number of Mexican foreign born since 1970. More than 1 in 5 of the country's foreign born were born in Mexico, which was the largest foreignĆborn group in 1990. Several foreignĆborn groups lost population between 1980 and 1990. Of the 40 groups with more than 100,000 foreignĆborn persons in 1990, 14 declined in size. With the exception of Canadians, all of these groups were European. Italians, followed by Scottish, Hungarians, Germans, and Greeks had the largest declines.

Figure 3. Largest Foreign-Born Groups by Country of Birth: 1980 and 1990

Between 1980 and 1990, 3 of every 4 Salvadoran immigrants arrived along with more than half of the immigrants from Korea, Vietnam, and China, and nearly half of the Mexican and Filipino immigrants.

2,199 913

Philippines

501 745 843

Canada

737 608

Cuba

712 849

Germany

640 669

United Kingdom

581 832

Italy Korea

568 290

Vietnam

543 231

China

530 286

El Salvador

94

465

Figure 4. Year of Entry for Selected Countries of Birth: 1990

1980 to 1990 1970 to 1979 1960 to 1969 Before 1960

(Percent distribution) Foreign born

43.8

24.6

14.1

17.4

Mexico

49.9

31.2

10.8 8.1

Philippines

49.0

33.0

12.2 5.8

Canada Cuba

16.6 25.5

Germany 11.2 7.8 United Kingdom

More than 70 percent of Canadian, German, and Italian immigrants arrived prior to 1970. Cubans arrived in large numbers during the 1950's and 1960's.

4,298

Mexico

One of every four of us came to America between 1985 and 1990. The largest wave of immigrants occurred beĆ tween 1985 and 1990. During this period, 1 of every 4 foreign born arrived in the United States. Nearly 44 percent of the total foreignĆborn popuĆ lation arrived between 1980 and 1990.

1990 1980

(Thousands)

11.7

20.1 18.6

15.2

Italy 6.4 13.6

22.5

Korea

56.1

Vietnam

61.8

El Salvador

46.5

21.0

24.1

China

51.6

53.5

59.9 19.8

40.9 57.6 36.3

6.1 1.0 37.0

21.8 75.2

9.4

1.5 0.1

13.3 11.4 19.6 3.9

1.3

299

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We settle near our ports of entry.

Figure 5. Foreign-Born Population for Selected Cities: 1990

American immigrants tend to settle near their port of entry. More than twoĆthirds of those who came from Italy, for example, live in the northeastern part of the country, where they landed. Similarly, more than half of the foreign born who immiĆ grated from China and Japan have remained in the West, and most immigrants from Mexico live in the States that border Mexico.

(Thousands) New York, NY Los Angeles, CA

1,337

Chicago, IL

Throughout this century, both California and New York have had the largest share of immiĆ grant population. As the source of immigration changed from mostly European to mostly Latin American and Asian, California and New York traded places in rank. In 1950, nearly 25 percent of immigrants lived in New York, while only 14 percent lived in California. In 1990, nearly oneĆthird of the immigrants lived in California, while New York's share of immigrants decreased to 14 percent. Nearly half of all the foreign born in America live in California or New York. Eight of every 10 immigrants live in just 10 States. Florida, Texas, New Jersey, and Illinois each have between 5 and 8 percent of the foreignĆ born population. In recent decades, most immiĆ grants have settled in big cities and their suburbs. In 10 cities throughout America, foreign born account for half or more of the city's population. In Hialeah city, Florida, 7 out of every 10 people are foreign born.

2,083

469

Houston, TX

290

San Francisco, CA

246

San Diego, CA

232

Miami, FL

214

San Jose, CA

207

Santa Ana, CA

149

Hialeah, FL

132

Figure 6. Percent of Total Foreign Born by State: 1990

AK

MT OR

NV

ID

ND

WY

MN WI

SD

UT

AZ HI

CO

KS OK

NM TX

Percent Less than 1.0 1.0 to 2.9 3.0 to 9.9 10.0 or more

IL MO

NY

MI

IA

NE

CA

300

NH VT ME

WA

OH

IN

KY

WV VA NC

TN

SC

AR AL LA MS

PA

GA

FL

MA RI

CT NJ DE MD DC

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

We are older than the nativeĆ born population.

Figure 7. Age and Sex of the Population: 1990

Compared with the nativeĆborn population, a greater proportion of both male and female forĆ eign born were between the ages of 20 and 64. One of every four foreignĆborn males was beĆ tween the ages of 25 and 34. In 1990, about 13 percent of the foreignĆborn population was 65 years old and over, compared with about 12 percent of the native population.

(Percent distribution)

Native Foreign born

Male

Female 85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 55 to 64 years

There has been a dramatic shift in the median age of the foreignĆborn population over the past 20 years. With the large influx of immigrants since 1970, the median age had decreased from 52 years old to 37 years old in 1990.

45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years

Among foreignĆborn groups, Mexicans, SalvadoĆ rans, and Vietnamese had the youngest populaĆ tions with median ages of about 30. Italian immiĆ grants had the highest median age at 59. CanaĆ dian and German immigrants had median ages of 53.

20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years 25

We represent a larger share of some racial and ethnic population groups. Among the foreign born, about 23 percent were Asian and Pacific Islander, 7 percent were Black, and nearly 40 percent were Hispanic. Among all Americans, 3 percent were Asian and Pacific Islander, 12 percent were Black, and 9 percent were Hispanic in 1990. Our racial and ethnic composition has shifted during the past 20 years. In 1970, the foreignĆborn population was 90 percent White. The share of Whites among the foreignĆ born population decreased to about 50 percent in 1990.

20

15 10

5

0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Figure 8. Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 (Percent of total population. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race)

Total Foreign born

80.3

50.7 39.7

23.1

The share of Hispanics among the foreignĆborn population increased from 15 percent in 1970 to 40 percent in 1990.

12.1

9.0

7.4 0.8 White

Black

0.2

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

2.9 Asian and Pacific Islander

Hispanic (may be of any race)

301

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We have about the same proportion of college graduates but a smaller proportion of high school gradutes than the nativeĆborn population. About 26 percent of the foreignĆborn population 25 years old and over had less than a 9th grade education compared with 9 percent of nativeĆ born Americans. About 59 percent of the foreign born had at least a high school diploma compared with about 77 percent of their nativeĆ born counterparts. About 20 percent of both groups have bachelor's degrees or higher.

Figure 9. Educational Attainment for Selected Countries of Birth: 1990 (Percent of persons 25 years old and over) Foreign born Native Mexico

About 43 percent of the foreign born from the PhilipĆ pines had a college degree or higher compared to only 4 percent from Mexico.

58.8

20.4

77.0

20.3 24.3

3.5

Philippines

72.6

22.1

Cuba

54.1

15.6

Germany

75.9

19.1

United Kingdom Italy

81.3

23.1 39.3

8.6

Korea

80.1

34.4

Vietnam

58.9

15.9

China El Salvador

82.5

43.0

Canada

About 6 percent of both the native and foreignĆ born populations have an associate's degree, and 13 percent and 12 percent, respectively, have a bachelor's degree. A larger share of forĆ eign born (9 percent) than native Americans (7 percent) have graduate degrees.

High school diploma or higher Bachelor's degree or higher

60.6

30.9 32.7

4.6

Figure 10. Language Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for Selected Countries of Birth: 1990

Many of us speak a language other than English in our homes. About 80 percent of the newcomers speak a lanĆ guage other than English at home compared with about 8 percent of the nativeĆborn population.

Do not speak English very well"

(Percent)

Speak English very well"

Speak Spanish at home

Over 95 percent of Mexicans, Cubans, or SalvaĆ dorans spoke Spanish at home. More than 9 of 10 foreign born from the Philippines, Korea, VietĆ nam, or China spoke an Asian language, and 79 percent of those from Italy and 58 percent of those from Germany spoke a language other than English. More than half of those who spoke Spanish or an Asian and Pacific Islander language at home did not speak English very well." In fact, 43 percent of the Mexican and nearly half of the Salvadoran foreign born were linguistically isolated."

Cuba

26.4

63.3

El Salvador

36.7

74.6

25.4

Speak Asian or Pacific Islander language at home Philippines

36.3

Korea

63.7 67.1

32.9

Vietnam

68.6

31.4

China

75.3

24.7

Speak other language at home Canada Germany United Kingdom Italy

302

73.6

Mexico

26.2

73.8

22.6

77.4

15.7

84.3 53.5

46.5

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Like nativeĆborn Americans, the occupations of foreignĆborn males differed from foreignĆborn females. A greater proportion of foreignĆborn males than foreignĆborn females tend to be in farming, fishĆ ing, or forestry occupations. However, foreignĆ born females are as likely as foreignĆborn males to be managers and professional workers. In general, foreignĆborn males were less likely to be in managerial and technical types of occupations and more likely to be in labor, service, and farming type occupations than nativeĆborn males. About 23 percent of foreignĆborn females were employed as household and service workers compared with about 16 percent of nativeĆborn females. Nearly 8 percent of the foreign born compared to about 6 percent of the native born were unemĆ ployed in 1989. About 19 percent of families with a foreignĆborn householder had three or more workers compared with about 13 percent of famiĆ lies with a nativeĆborn householder.

Section Five: Census Data

Figure 11. Occupations of Employed Males and Females: 1990

Employed males 16 years old and over (Percent) Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Service Farming, forestry, and fishing Precision production, craft, and repair

More than oneĆthird of Canadian, German, United Kingdom, and Chinese foreign born worked as managers. One of every five Italians were enĆ gaged as craft and repair workers. Probably reflecting the older median age of the Canadian, German, United Kingdom, and Italian foreign born, higher proportions of these groups were not in the labor force.

Foreign born Native born

5.5 3.6 17.6 19.1 21.4 20.1

Operators, fabricators, and laborers Employed females 16 years old and over Managerial and professional specialty

22.0

28.4 34.7

Technical, sales, and administrative support Service Farming, forestry, and fishing

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

44.5

23.2

16.3

1.3 0.8 4.1 2.2

Precision production, craft, and repair

14.6

7.9

Figure 12. Occupational Distribution for Selected Countries of Birth: 1990

Our occupations differ depending on our country of birth. The proportion of employed foreignĆborn workers 16 years old and over in managerial and profesĆ sional occupations ranged from 6 percent for imĆ migrants from Mexico to more than 40 percent for immigrants from the United Kingdom.

9.7

22.3 25.5 18.7 22.0 14.5

(Percent of employed persons 16 years old and over) Farming

Managerial Technical Service

5.8 Mexico

Craft and repair Laborers

12.6

21.0

12.5

28.3

Philippines

16.0

32.2 1.5 16.8 6.9 10.7

35.7

1.4 Canada

37.9

9.5

33.1

9.8 8.3

1.3 Cuba

22.8

Germany

32.7

United Kingdom Italy Korea Vietnam

20.3

28.9

10.6 8.25.8

34.6 1.6 17.2

22.1

25.5 17.0

12.6 18.0 1.0 13.3 11.2 8.8 0.8

33.0

39.9

China

20.5 0.6 15.0 1.2

36.8

15.6

29.7 23.9

18.3

9.2 13.0

15.6 20.8 0.4 24.5

6.2 16.1

3.6

5.8 El Salvador

13.2

32.1

15.1

34.1

14.5

26.8

303

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our incomes vary depending on our country of birth. Median family income varied widely by country of birth. In 1989, median income of the nearly 6 million families headed by a foreignĆborn perĆ son was $31,785 compared with $35,225 for all American families. However, median income for families with a householder born in the PhilipĆ pines was $47,794. Medians among householdĆ ers born in Mexico and El Salvador were the lowĆ est at $21,585 and $21,818, respectively. About 55 percent of the foreignĆborn population were living in households with incomes over $25,000, 24 percent had incomes over $50,000, and 5 percent had incomes over $100,000.

Figure 13. Median Family Income for Selected Countries of Birth: 1990 All families

Total Foreign born

$18,860 $21,585 $12,620

Mexico

Canada Cuba Germany

Italy Korea

Slightly smaller proportions of households mainĆ tained by a foreignĆborn female with no husband present were living in poverty than households maintained by a nativeĆborn counterpart.

$30,496

$12,721

$34,225 $25,556 $21,818 $14,169

China

Figure 14. Poverty Rates for Persons and Families: 1990 Foreign born

(Percent below the poverty level)

Native

Persons 18.2

Persons

12.7 19.0

Females

14.2

Related children under 18 years old

32.0 17.5 13.9

Persons 65 years old and over

12.7 Families 14.9

Families MarriedĆcouple families Female householder, no husband present

304

$33,406

$18,933

Vietnam

More of us fall below the poverty level than the total population.

About oneĆthird of the population 65 years old and over born in Cuba, Germany, or the United Kingdom were living below the poverty level. TwentyĆfive percent of the Canadian elderĆ ly and 56 percent of the Italian elderly were living in poverty.

$31,785

$47,794 $32,817 $39,995 $26,500 $32,007 $19,571 $41,757 $24,978 $45,681 $26,071 $37,673 $28,483

Philippines

El Salvador

Children of the foreign born were about twice as likely to be living in poverty than all children. Among both foreign born and the remainder of the population, children were more likely to be living in poverty than adults.

$35,225

$17,414

United Kingdom

In general, families maintained by a female with no husband present had lower median incomes than all families. However, families with a foreignĆ born female householder had a slightly higher median income than for all families, $18,860 versus $17,414.

Femalehouseholder, no husband present

(In 1989 dollars)

9.5 11.7 4.9 30.1 31.2

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

e, the American Elderly Introduction Diversity and growth are two terms that describe us, America's elderly population. The elderly" is a comĆ monly used label for the population 65 years old and over. Yet, we are a heterogeneous population. Our soĆ cial and economic diversities are too complex to understand based on sweeping generalizations about us. Our age, gender, race, and ethnic groups have distinctive charĆ acteristics, and we have different exĆ periences in aging. Some of us have significant financial and health problems while others of us spend our winters skiing and our summers mountain climbing. Some stay in the paid work force until death while most others have much leisure time which is filled with volunteer work, care of children or the frail elderly, puttering about, or in other activities that are personally satisfying. OthĆ ers of us are bored or depressed. In short, the elderly," like other

age groups, are mixed in needs, abilities, and resources. Growth is another significant aspect of the elderly population, especially the oldestĆold. Since the founding of this Nation, the United States has been thought of as a Nation of youth. Eventually, there will be more grandparents than there will be youth. Because we are increasing in numĆ ber and living longer into our retireĆ ment, the United States has begun to experience the changes in our culture that come with an aging society and affect all of us. Note: Data in this report differ slightĆ ly from the 1990 census counts. The data were modified because some persons reported their age as of a date after April 1, 1990, making them 1 year older than at the time of the census. Adjustments to race classification were also made.

305

Section Five: Census Data

As we entered the 20th century, we were a small segment of the population. In 1900, there were 3.1 million elderly in the United States. About 1 in 25 Americans were elderly.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 1. Population by Age and Sex: 1900 (Millions) Male 0.4

75 years and over

0.5

0.5

70 to 74 years

0.4

0.7

There were about 122,000 oldestĆold Americans (persons 85 years old and over) in 1900, only a fraction of 1 percent of the population.

0.9 1.2

In 1990, there were 31.1 million elderly AmeriĆ cans, 10 times as many as in 1900. About 1 in 8 Americans were elderly in 1990.

2.3

306

1.4 1.6 2.0

35 to 39 years

2.9

2.4 2.7

30 to 34 years

3.3

3.2

25 to 29 years

3.7

20 to 24 years

3.7

3.8

15 to 19 years

3.8 4.0

10 to 14 years

4.5

5 to 9 years

4.4

4.6

Under 5 years

4.5

Figure 2. Population by Age and Sex: 1990

Baby Boom

(Millions) Male 0.2

90 years and over 85 to 89 years

2.4 3.4

75 to 79 years 70 to 74 years

1.4 2.6 3.7 4.6

65 to 69 years

4.9

60 to 64 years

5.7

5.0

55 to 59 years

5.5

50 to 54 years

5.8

6.7 9.8

80 to 84 years

0.8

4.5

5.5 8.7

Female

0.6 1.4

The postĆWorld War II Baby Boom" (the 75 million people born from 1946 to 1964) were 26 to 44 years old in 1990. They will contribute to large increases in the elderly population after the year 2010.

Source for life expectancy: National Center for Health Statistics, Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1990," Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol.41, no. 7, Supplement, Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, 1993, Table 4.

1.1

40 to 44 years

2.6

In 1990, the oldestĆold numbered 3.0 million persons, 1.2 percent of the population.

In 1990, life expectancy at birth was a little over 75 years old Ċ more than a quarter of a century longer than in 1900.

0.9

45 to 49 years

4.1

As we near the 21st century, our population is 10 times larger than 1900.

60 to 64 years

0.6

50 to 54 years

1.9

Source for life expectancy: National Center for Health Statistics, Health, United States, 1990, Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, 1991, Table 15.

65 to 69 years

55 to 59 years

1.6

Average life expectancy for persons born in 1900 was 47 years.

Female

45 to 49 years 40 to 44 years 35 to 39 years

10.9

30 to 34 years

10.7

25 to 29 years

5.6

7.0 8.9 10.0 11.0 10.6

9.7

20 to 24 years

9.2

15 to 19 years

8.7

10 to 14 years

8.3

8.7

9.4

9.2

5 to 9 years

8.8

9.6

Under 5 years

9.2

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

We are projected to grow much faster than the total population from 1990 to 2020.

Section Five: Census Data

Figure 3. Population by Age and Sex: 2020

Male

From 1990 to 2020, the elderly population is projected to increase to 54 million persons. The growth rate of the elderly would be more than double that of the total population during this period. Beginning in 2011, the first members of the Baby Boom will reach age 65. In 2020, about 1 in 6 Americans would be elderly. More children would know their great grandparĆ ents, as the fourĆgeneration family would become more common.

0.8 1.2 2.5

By the middle of the next century, our number could reach 79 million.

Female 90 years and over

2.2

85 to 89 years

2.2

80 to 84 years

4.4

3.4 5.2

75 to 79 years

6.6

7.4

70 to 74 years

8.4

9.2

65 to 69 years

10.0 10.4 9.6

60 to 64 years

10.7

55 to 59 years

10.9 10.0

50 to 54 years

9.1

45 to 49 years

9.5

9.4

40 to 44 years

9.8

10.2

About 6.5 million persons would be 85 years old and over in 2020 Ċ more than double the 1990 number. The number of Americans 100 years old and over could increase 8 times from 1990.

Baby Boom

(Millions. Middle series projections)

35 to 39 years

10.4

10.6

30 to 34 years

10.8

10.8

25 to 29 years

10.8

10.7

20 to 24 years

10.4

10.9

15 to 19 years

10.3

10.8

10 to 14 years

10.3

10.9

5 to 9 years

10.3

11.0

Under 5 years

10.4

Figure 4. Population by Age and Sex: 2050

Baby Boom

(Millions. Middle series projections)

In 2050, the final phase of the gerontological explosion would occur. The elderly population as a whole would number about 79 million people, more than double its present size. About 1 in 5 Americans would be elderly.

Male 2.9 3.5 5.4 6.9 7.9

The population 65 to 74 years old would reach its projected peak of 38 million in 2030 and drop to about 35 million in 2050, still about twice as large as in 1990. The population 75 to 84 years old would reach a peak of 29 million in 2040, then decrease to 26 million in 2050. This age group would be about 2 1/2 times as large as in 1990.

9.2 10.1

Female 90 years and over 85 to 89 years 80 to 84 years 75 to 79 years 70 to 74 years 65 to 69 years 60 to 64 years

6.1 5.1 6.4 7.3 8.3 9.8 10.7

10.6

55 to 59 years

11.3

10.5

50 to 54 years

11.1

10.6

45 to 49 years

11.2

11.2

40 to 44 years

11.7

11.7

35 to 39 years

12.1

11.9

30 to 34 years

12.2

11.9

25 to 29 years

12.0

12.3

20 to 24 years

12.1

12.8

15 to 19 years

12.2

12.7

10 to 14 years

12.1

12.5

5 to 9 years

11.9

12.5

Under 5 years

11.9

307

Section Five: Census Data

The elderly population is aging. While the elderly population as a whole grew 22 percent from 1980 to 1990, the number of oldestĆold grew 35 percent. In 1990, the oldestĆ old population had grown to 3.0 million persons, about 1.2 percent of the total population.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 5. Population 85 Years Old and Over: 1900 to 2050 (Millions. Middle series projections)

17.7

In 2050, the survivors of the BabyĆBoom generation will be the GreatĆGrandparent Boom, 85 years old and over. They would number about 18 million persons, nearly 3 times the size of the oldestĆold population in 2020, and nearly 6 times as large as this age group was in 1990. The oldestĆold would be about 5 percent of the total population in 2050. These projected population numbers assume that recent trends in fertility, mortality, and imĆ migration will continue. If mortality decreases, for example, due to better health habits and medical advances, the number of elderly could be even higher than reflected in these projections.

We will be a larger proportion of race groups and Hispanics in 2050. Compared with other race groups or Hispanics, the White population had the highest proportion of elderly in 1990. This is because Whites have higher survival rates to 65 years old and lower recent fertility rates. Also, the White proportion of immigrants has declined over the past 30 years. In 2050, an even larger proportion of the White population may be elderly. From 1990 to 2050, the percentage of elderly in the Black population could nearly double from 8 percent to 15 percent.

13.2

8.4 6.5 5.7 4.3 2.2 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Only 5 percent of persons of Hispanic origin were elderly in 1990. This could triple to 15 percent by 2050.

308

1.4

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Figure 6. Persons 65 Years Old and Over by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 and 2050

1990

(Percent. Middle series projections)

2050

22.7 20.6

15.8

15.2 12.5

14.9

13.4 12.1

8.2

Among American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts, the proportion of elderly could more than double from nearly 6 percent to just over 12 percent. The elderly constituted 6 percent of the Asian and Pacific Islander population in 1990 and could reach 16 percent of this group in 2050.

0.9

3.0

5.6

Total population

White

Black

6.0

5.1

American Asian and Hispanic Pacific origin Indian, (of any Eskimo, Islander race) and Aleut

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

As our population grows in number, we will also grow more diverse. In 1990, of the 31 million elderly people of all races, 28 million were White; 2.5 million were Black; about 114,000 were American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut; and about 454,000 were Asian and Pacific Islander. There were 1.1 million elderly persons of Hispanic origin in 1990. There were more than 600,000 persons of races other than White 80 years old and over in 1990. In 2050, there would be 79 million elderly AmeriĆ cans. While the number of elderly Whites would more than double to 62 million in 2050, the numĆ ber of elderly Blacks would nearly quadruple to over 9 million. The number of American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut elderly would be 562,000. The number of Asian and Pacific Islander elderly would approach 7 million. The number of elderly Hispanics in 2050, 12 milĆ lion, would be 11 times as many as in 1990.

Figure 7. Persons 65 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 (Millions)

65 years old and over 65 to 79 years old 80 years old and over 31.1

All races

24.1 6.9 28.0

White

21.7 6.3 2.5

Black

2.0 0.5

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Asian and Pacific Islander

Hispanic origin (of any race)

0.1 0.1 0.02 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.2

The number of persons 80 years old and over would increase at a faster rate. The number of Hispanics 80 years old and over would increase from about 200,000 in 1990 to more than 4 million in 2050.

Figure 8. Persons 65 Years Old and Over by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 2050 (Millions. Middle series projections)

65 years old and over 65 to 79 years old 80 years old and over 78.9

All races

49.5 29.4 62.4

White

38.5 23.9 9.4

Black

6.3 3.1

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut Asian and Pacific Islander

0.6 0.4 0.2 6.5 4.3 2.2

Hispanic origin (of any race)

12.0 8.0 4.1

309

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Nine States had more than 1 million elderly in 1990. America's most populous States are also those with the largest elderly populations. California, Florida, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, and New Jersey each had more than 1 million elderly. The number of elderly increased in every State from 1980 to 1990. The greatest inĆ crease in the elderly population was in Western and Southeastern coastal States. Although California had the largest numĆ ber of elderly, Florida had the Nation's highest proportion of elderly, 18 perĆ cent. Pennsylvania, Iowa, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Arkansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, and Missouri all had 14 to 15 percent of their population who were elderly.

Figure 9. Population 65 Years Old and Over by State: 1990

AK

WA MT OR

NV

ID

NH VT ME

ND

WY

MN WI

SD IA

NE UT

CO

CA AZ HI

IL

KS

OH

IN

MO

KY

MA RI

CT NJ DE MD DC

NC SC

AR GA

AL LA MS

TX

PA

WV VA

TN

OK

NM

NY

MI

FL

500,000 or more 200,000 to 499,000 Under 200,000

Some Midwestern States with a high percentĆ age of farmland, such as North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa, have a higher proportion of elderly than for the total United States (13 percent in 1990), primarily because of outĆmigration of the young. About 1.6 million of us live in nursing homes.

AK

About 1.6 million elderly persons lived in nursing homes in 1990. Nine States had more than 50,000 elderly nursing home residents: California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. About 1.3 million of the 1.6 million elderly were female. Only 1 in 7 elderly living in nursing homes was married in 1990. The great majority, 3 in 5, were widowed.

WA MT OR

NV

ID

UT

AZ HI

NH VT ME

ND

WY

MN WI

SD

CO

KS OK

NM TX

50,000 or more 10,000 to 49,000 Under 10,000

IL MO

NY

MI

IA

NE

CA

The likelihood of living in a nursing home inĆ creases with age. Only 1.4 percent of the popuĆ lation 65 to 74 years old lived in nursing homes in 1990 compared with 6 percent of those 75 to 84 years old and 25 percent of those 85 years old and over.

310

Figure 10. Persons 65 Years Old and Over in Nursing Homes: 1990

OH

IN

KY

WV VA NC

TN

SC

AR AL LA MS

PA

GA

FL

MA RI

CT NJ DE MD DC

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

The death of our husbands often marks the starting point of economic reversals for us. In 1990, elderly women outnumbered elderly men 3 to 2. There were 18.6 million elderly women and 12.5 million elderly men. The difference between the number of men and women grows with advancing age. At 65 to 69 years old, there were 81 men per 100 women in 1990. This ratio was sharply lower for the oldestĆold: 42 men per 100 women for persons 85 to 89 years old, and 27 men per 100 women for persons 95 years old and over. This decreasing sex ratio is due to the longer life expectancy of women. In the future, mortality differences between men and women may narrow.

Figure 11. Number of Elderly Men Per 100 Women by Age: 1990 100 years and over

27

95 to 99 years

27

90 to 94 years 85 to 89 years

One implication of these data is that most elderly men have a spouse for assistance if health fails, while the majority of elderly women do not. Marital status differs considerably by both age and sex. At 65 to 74 years old, about fourĆ fifths of men and half of women are married. At 85 years old and over, about half of the men are married while fourĆfifths of women are widowed.

53

75 to 79 years

64

70 to 74 years

74

65 to 69 years

81

Figure 12. Marital Status of the Elderly: 1990 (Thousands)

65 to 74 years old 75 to 84 years old 85 years and over

Male Never married

Most elderly men are married, while most elderly women are not. Elderly men were nearly twice as likely as elderly women to be married in 1990. Elderly women were more than 3 times as likely as men to be widowed.

42

80 to 84 years

The health, social, and economic problems of the oldestĆold are primarily the problems of women. Women live alone in higher proportions than men, they tend to move to nursing homes earlier, their income is lower on average, and they tend to experience a disproportionately high level of poverty.

At 85 years old and over, about half of our elderly men are married, while fourĆfifths of our elderly women are widowed.

33

Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

392 182 45 6,288

2,674

437 114 40 7 702 732 347 446 137 22

Female Never married Now married, except separated Separated

490 379 157 195 130 42 8

Widowed Divorced

5,254

1,769

1,806

3,588 3,832

703 266 57

311

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Many of us live alone. In 1990, 8.8 million elderly persons were living alone. About 8 in 10 were elderly women living alone. Among the oldestĆold, 56 percent of women lived alone compared with about 29 percent of men. Nearly 3 in 4 elderly men in households lived with their wives in 1990 compared with less than 4 in 10 elderly women. Among the oldestĆold in households, 51 percent of men and only 9 percent of women lived with a spouse.

Figure 13. Living Arrangements of the Elderly: 1990

65 to 74 years old 75 to 84 years old 85 years and over

(Thousands) Male Living alone Living with spouse With other relatives With nonĆ relatives only In group quarters

1,008 686 208 6,057

2,495

364 502 303 117 227 96 25 147 187 144

Female Living alone

As more of us live longer, longĆ term chronic illness, disability, and dependency become more likely. With longer life expectancy and more persons 85 years old and over, it is likely that more and more people, especially in their fifties and sixties, will have surviving older relatives. In 1950, there were 3 persons 85 years old and over for every 100 persons age 50 to 64. In 2050, this ratio would increase to 27. As people live longer, longĆterm chronic illness, disability, and dependency become more likely. About half of the oldestĆold living in their homes are frail and need assistance with everyday actiĆ vities. Their relatives, in their fifties and sixties, face the difficulties of providing care. The elderly of the future may be quite different from the elderly of today, however. Emerging data suggest that limitations to activities among the elderly due to disabilities may have deĆ creased during the 1980's, even among the oldestĆold. Increased education and the use of mechanical aids may be helping many to overcome their health limitations.

312

Living with spouse With other relatives With nonĆ relatives only In group quarters

3,123 2,910

890

5,048

1,616

145

1,572 1,141

503 234 139 55 189 484 630

Figure 14. Parent Support Ratio: 1950 to 2050 (Persons 85 years old and over per 100 persons 50 to 64 years old. Middle series projections) 27

15

9

10

3 1950

1990

2010

2030

2050

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our educational attainment levels are increasing significantly.

Figure 15. Educational Attainment of Persons 65 Years Old and Over by Age: 1990

Among persons 75 years old and over, 23 percent had a high school diploma only in 1990 compared with 31 percent of those 70 to 74 years old and 33 percent of persons 65 to 69 years old. The younger elderly (65 to 74 years old) were more likely to have completed some college than those 75 years old and over.

65 to 69 years old 70 to 74 years old 75 years and over

(Percent)

18.0

Less than 9th grade

22.5 34.3 20.2 21.5 20.9

9th to 12 grade, no diploma

The proportion of the elderly population with at least a high school education is likely to inĆ crease significantly. More than 80 percent of the population 25 to 64 years old had at least a high school education in 1990. Better educated people tend to be better off economically and stay healthier longer.

High school diploma

22.8 16.8 14.8 12.5

Some college/ associatedegree

12.5 10.6 9.5

Bachelor's degree or higher

Our economic picture has improved overall, but large differences remain among our groups.

Figure 16. Poverty Rate of Persons 65 Years Old and Over: 1990

AK

(Percent)

Overall, the economic picture for the elderly has improved since 1970. Large differences remain, however, among subgroups of the elderly. There are differences between men and women and among different types of households, for example. Nationally, 3.8 million elderly were poor in 1989. In nine States, all in the South, more than 1 in 5 elderly persons were poor.

32.5 30.7

NH VT ME

WA MT OR

ID NV

WY

MN WI

SD

UT

AZ HI

CO

OK

NM TX

14.9 or more 10.8 to 14.8 Under 10.8

IL

KS

MO

NY

MI

IA

NE

CA

Elderly women had a higher poverty rate in 1989 than elderly men, 16 percent and 8 percent, respectively.

ND

OH

IN

KY

WV VA

CT NJ DE MD DC

NC

TN

SC

AR AL LA MS

PA

MA RI

GA

FL

Elderly female householders not living with a husband (most of whom lived alone) had a poverty rate of 14 percent in 1989. By contrast, the poverty rate for elderly married couples was nearly 6 percent.

313

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

e, the American Children Introduction We, the American children, numĆ bered 63.6 million in 1990. This report focuses on our family living arrangements and our economic circumstances. Special attention is devoted to similarities and differĆ ences between nonĆHispanic White children and nonĆHispanic Black or Hispanic origin children. Throughout the past 50 years, fewer than oneĆhalf of us have lived in traditional" families where the father was a fullĆtime worker and the mother a fullĆtime homemaker. A majority of us live with two parents, but an increasing proportion have only one parent in the home. Few of us have grandparents in the home, and most of us live in families with only one, two, or three children. Nearly all of us who live with a father have a father who is employed, but many of us have fathers who work partĆtime. Most of us who live with a mother only, have a mother who works for pay. For every child who lives in a traditional" family where

314

the father is a fullĆtime worker and the mother a fullĆtime homemaker, four children live in nontraditional" twoĆparent families. Even at age 1, only oneĆsixth of us live in traditional" twoĆparent families. The proportion of us living in families with high incomes increased during the 1980's, and the proportion with low and poverty level incomes also increased during the 1980's. ChilĆ dren living with two parents have high family incomes compared with children living with one parent. Whether we have high or low family incomes also depends on the amount of time our parents work. Children in traditional" twoĆparent families and children living in motherĆonly families where the mothĆ er works full time are similar in their chances of having a low family inĆ come and living in poverty. Whether we live with two parents or only our mother, Black and Hispanic children experience much higher poverty rates than White children.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Since 1940, a minority of us have lived in traditional" families with a fullĆtime working father and a homemaker mother. In 1940, only 43 percent of children lived in traditional" families with a father who worked full time year round and a mother who was not in the labor force.

continued to live in nontradiĆ tional" families.

children lived in traditional" families, and this declined to 20 percent in 1990.

After 1950, traditional" family living declined, and by 1990 fewer than oneĆfifth of all chilĆ dren lived in families with faĆ thers as fullĆtime providers and homemaking mothers.

The proportion of children livĆ ing in traditional" families rose to 47 percent in 1950, but a majority of children

Since 1940, fewer than 30 percent of Black children lived with fathers who were fullĆtime workers and mothers who were fullĆtime homemakĆ ers, and this declined to only 5 percent in 1990.

Between 1940 and 1960, only 45 to 50 percent of White

Figure 1. Children Living With a Father Working Full-Time and a Mother Not in the Labor Force: 1940 to 1990

All children White Black

(Percent of children under 18 years old)

49.9

43.1

48.3

47.1

45.1

44.7 40.8 37.2

29.6

27.6

26.4

26.3 20.2

20.1 17.9 14.7

7.9 4.9

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

315

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

TwoĆthirds of us are nonĆHispanic Whites, while oneĆthird of us belong to racial or ethnic groups. The 1990 census counted 63,604,432 children under age 18. About twoĆthirds of American children were White but not of Hispanic origin, while nearly oneĆthird were nonĆ White or Hispanic. NonĆHispanic Black children were the largest nonĆWhite group (15 percent).

Hispanic children accounted for 12 percent of all children. TwoĆthirds of Hispanic chilĆ dren were of Mexican origin. But many Hispanic children traced their origins to Puerto Rico, Cuba, El Salvador, Colombia, Guatemala, NicaĆ ragua, Ecuador, Peru, HonĆ duras, or other Central and South American countries.

Three percent of American children belonged to Asian and Pacific Islander groups, including Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Asian Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian, Thai, and Hmong.

Figure 2. Race and Hispanic Origin of Children: 1990 (Percent distribution of children under 18 years old)

Other race 0.2%

Pacific Islander 7.1%

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 1.0%

Other Asian 15.5%

Black, not Hispanic 14.7%

Korean 12.1%

Vietnamese 9.5%

Asian and Pacific Islander 3.1%

Asian Indian 11.2% Japanese 7.8% Filipino 18.7% Chinese 18.9%

White, not Hispanic 69.1%

Hispanic (of any race) 12.0%

Other Hispanic origin 8.1% South American 3.3% Central American 4.9% Dominican Republic 2.2% Cuban 2.6% Puerto Rican 12.2% Mexican 66.7%

316

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Most of us live with two parents, but our chances of living in a oneĆparent family rose during the 1980's. Children living with two parĆ ents declined substantially from 77 percent in 1980 to 72 percent in 1990, while those living with one parent increased from 18 percent to 24 percent.

Blacks, and 36 percent for Hispanics.

More than 4 out of every 5 children living with one parĆ ent in 1980 and in 1990 lived with their mother. Children living with only their father doubled from 2 perĆ cent to 4 percent during the 1980's, but the rise in motherĆ only families accounted for most of the increase in oneĆ parent family living.

During the 1980's, the proportion of children living with one parent rose by 3 percentage points for nonĆ Hispanic Whites, by 13 perĆ centage points for nonĆ Hispanic Blacks, and by 9 percentage points for Hispanics.

In 1990, the total proportion with one parent or no parent in the home was 20 percent for nonĆHispanic Whites, 63 percent for nonĆHispanic

Figure 3. Parental Living Arrangements of Children: 1980 and 1990 (Percent distribution of children under 18 years old) 5.1

4.2 3.9

2.0 16.3

20.0

3.5 2.0 11.4

3.0 3.3

11.1

8.3 5.4

13.4

7.5

6.1

Living with no parent

5.9

Living with father only

1.6

2.8 19.8

24.0

Living with mother only

39.2 49.3

83.2

76.6

80.4

71.9

71.1

64.0

Living with two parents

46.9 37.0

1980

1990

All children

1980

1990

White, not Hispanic

1980

1990

Black, not Hispanic

1980

1990

Hispanic (of any race)

317

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Whether we live with two parents or one, few of us have a grandĆ parent in the home. Only 3 percent of children in twoĆparent families in 1990 had a grandparent in the home.

and Hispanic children (5 perĆ cent) in twoĆparent families were about equally likely to live with a grandparent.

NonĆHispanic White children (2 percent), nonĆHispanic Black children (3 percent),

Children in oneĆparent families were more likely than those living with two parents

Figure 4. Grandparents in the Homes of Children: 1990

to have a grandparent in the home. About 80 percent of children in oneĆparent families did not live with a grandparent compared with about 97 percent of children in twoĆparent families.

Total Living with two parents

(Percent with grandparent)

Living with mother only Living with father only

7.5 2.8 All children

18.3 20.1 4.8

White, not Hispanic

2.0 15.7 15.7 16.2

Black, not Hispanic

2.7 21.0 32.2 10.1

Hispanic (of any race)

5.3 19.4 19.4

318

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Most of us live in families with one, two, or three children. The vast majority of preĆ school children under 6 years old in 1990 lived in families with one, two, or three children.

three children, and about 80 percent of nonĆHispanic Black and Hispanic preĆ schoolers also lived in small families.

About 25 percent of preĆ schoolers had no brothers or sisters, about 40 percent had only one sibling, and another 22 percent had two siblings.

Adolescents had more brothĆ ers and sisters than preĆ school children, but most adolescents also lived in families with one, two, or three children.

Ninety percent of nonĆ Hispanic White preschoolers lived in families with one to

to three children was 78 percent for nonĆHispanic Whites, 64 percent for nonĆ Hispanic Blacks, and 56 percent for Hispanics. No more than 15 percent of preschoolers and adolesĆ cents lived in large families with six or more children, regardless of their racial or ethnic heritage.

The proportion of adolesĆ cents in families with one

Figure 5 Number of Siblings in the Homes of Children 0 to 5 Years Old and 12 to 17 Years Old, by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 (Percent distribution by mother's number of children ever born for children living with mother) 0 to 5 years 2.1 2.9 8.3

12 to 17 years 1.2 2.1 7.1

4.2 5.1

4.0 5.0

11.1

11.7

21.8

6.7 6.1

Number of siblings

4.4 4.9

11.4

12.7

8.7

14.0

22.1 22.7

14.9

Six or more

10.3

Five

19.0

Four

27.5

Three

22.4

Two

5.9

One child

16.4

24.4

29.3 28.6

39.8

26.2

42.2 32.6

33.7 39.3 35.4

24.9

25.5

24.4

21.3 9.2

All children

26.6

White, Black, Hispanic not Hispanic not Hispanic (of any race)

All children

9.4

10.7

White, Black, Hispanic not Hispanic not Hispanic (of any race)

319

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

The educational attainments of our parents rose during the past decade. Children living with mothers who had at least a high school diploma increased from 74 percent in 1980 to 80 percent in 1990.

likely as nonĆHispanic White children to have a mother with a bachelor's degree, and the proportion for HisĆ panics was much smaller.

The proportion with mothers having a bachelor's degree rose from 11 percent to 18 percent.

NonĆHispanic Black children also were substantially less likely than nonĆHispanic White children to have a mother with a high school diploma, and only 50 percent

In 1990, nonĆHispanic Black children were oneĆhalf as

of Hispanic children had mothers with this much education. OneĆfourth of Hispanic chilĆ dren had mothers with less than 9 years of education compared with fewer than 1 in 20 nonĆHispanic White children and nonĆHispanic Black children.

Figure 6. Mother’s Educational Attainment for Children: 1980 and 1990 (Percent for children living with mother)

1980 1990

Less than 9th grade All children White, not Hispanic Black, not Hispanic

9.3 5.7 5.5 2.1 11.1 3.7 36.5

Hispanic (of any race)

27.2

High school graduate or higher 73.7

All children White, not Hispanic 59.1

Black, not Hispanic 42.3

Hispanic (of any race)

Bachelor’s degree or higher 11.3

All children

17.5 13.0 20.5

White, not Hispanic Black, not Hispanic Hispanic (of any race)

320

5.3

9.1

3.7 6.0

49.5

71.0

80.3 80.2

87.5

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Nearly all of us who live with our fathers have a father who is employed, but many fathers are partĆtime workers. In 1990, 96 percent of chilĆ dren living with their fathers (in fatherĆonly or twoĆparent families) had fathers who worked for pay.

4 percent had fathers who did not work. Both nonĆHispanic Black children and Hispanic chilĆ dren living with fathers were somewhat less likely than nonĆHispanic White children living with fathers to have a father who worked.

Seventy percent of children living with fathers had fathers who were fullĆtime workers, while 26 percent had fathers who worked part time, and

OneĆfourth of nonĆHispanic White children living with their fathers had fathers who worked part time or not at all, but the proportion was more than 4 in 10 for nonĆ Hispanic Black children and Hispanic children who lived with their fathers.

Figure 7. Father’s Amount of Work and Parental Living Arrangements for Children: 1980 and 1990 (Percent distribution for children under 18 years old living with father) 0.3

0.6

0.2

0.3

3.2

3.2

2.3

2.3

0.9 25.5

2.0 23.2

0.7

1.3

23.5

20.7

1.2

2.6

8.1

6.2 5.0

2.7

1.3

1.0

4.9

4.6

0.9

3.9

27.7

34.9

Father did not work, twoĆparent family

35.0

2.3

Father partĆtime, two-parent family 5.2

1.1

3.6

2.4

Father fullĆtime, fatherĆonly family

72.0

68.7 68.4

1980

Father did not work, father-only family

Father partĆtime, father-only family

2.1 33.2

1.4

0.1

1990

All children

Father fullĆtime, twoĆparent family

73.1

1980

1990

White, not Hispanic

53.0

53.4

1980

1990

Black, not Hispanic

58.1 52.0

1980

1990

Hispanic (of any race)

321

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Most of us who live with our mothers have a mother who is employed. Among children living with their mothers, the proportion with a working mother inĆ creased from 60 percent in 1980 to 72 percent in 1990. Most of the increase in the proportion of children with working mothers ocĆ curred because of the

rise in mothers who were fullĆtime workers.

Blacks, and 21 percent for Hispanics.

By 1990, the proportion of children living with mothĆ ers whose mothers were fullĆ time workers was 27 percent for nonĆHispanic Whites, 30 percent for nonĆHispanic

The proportion living with mothers who were partĆtime workers was substantially larger, at 47 percent for nonĆ Hispanic Whites and 41 perĆ cent for nonĆHispanic Blacks and for Hispanics.

Figure 8. Mother’s Amount of Work and Parental Living Arrangements for Children: 1980 and 1990 (Percent distribution for children under 18 years old living with mother) 5.8

6.5

2.8

2.9 19.2

21.7 33.7

23.1

5.9

5.1

Mother did not work, motherĆonly family

26.9

Mother did not work, twoĆparent family

10.0

Mother partĆtime, motherĆonly family

30.6

Mother partĆtime, twoĆparent family

5.7

Mother fullĆtime, motherĆonly family

15.2

Mother fullĆtime, twoĆparent family

20.9

16.4

16.0

8.5

37.4

37.0

22.3

41.0

36.3 34.8

11.5

36.6

8.6 6.7

10.9

7.3

23.4

18.6 30.0

5.5

6.6 5.0 13.9 1980

13.9

4.2 20.3 1990

All children

322

10.4

13.9 1980

21.7

1990

White, not Hispanic

3.6 14.7

15.9

1980

1990

Black, not Hispanic

11.2 1980

1990

Hispanic (of any race)

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

For every one of us who lives in a traditional" twoĆparent family, four of us live in nontraditional" twoĆparent families. In 1990, 14 percent of chilĆ dren lived in traditional" famĆ ilies with fathers who worked full time year round and mothers who did not work during the year. Four times as many children lived in nontraditional" twoĆ parent families, where the father was not a fullĆtime

worker, or where the mother did work. Children were about equally likely to live in a traditional" family with a fullyĆemployed father and homemaking mother or in a nontraditionĆ al" family where both parents were fullĆtime workers.

Children were substantially more likely to live in a nonĆ traditional" twoĆparent family where the father was a fullĆ time worker and the mother a partĆtime worker or where the father was a partĆtime worker.

Figure 9. Father’s and Mother’s Amount of Work and Parental Living Arrangements for Children: 1980 and 1990 (Percent distribution for children under 18 years old)

23.4

16.8 28.1

28.9

22.0 22.6

19.6 36.0

OneĆparent family or no parent in home, regardless of parents' work status

53.1 19.3

63.0

20.0 10.2

9.8

Two–parent families:

28.9

16.2

27.7

Father not fullĆtime

9.8

Father fullĆtime, mother fullĆtime

14.2

Father fullĆtime, mother partĆtime

12.4

Father fullĆtime, mother did not work

14.6

22.6

7.9

20.6

25.8 28.8 23.6

14.4

15.8

8.4 9.9

21.6

1980

25.3 13.7 1990

All children

11.4 16.1 6.6

1980

1990

White, not Hispanic

1980

9.0

18.5

3.8 1990

1980

Black, not Hispanic

1990

Hispanic (of any race)

323

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

At age 1 year, for every one of us who lives in traditional" twoĆparent families, more than three of us live in nonĆtraditional" twoĆparent families. For children age 1, the proĆ portion living with a father who worked full time year round and a mother who was a fullĆtime homemaker deĆ clined from 28 percent in 1980 to 17 percent in 1990. The proportion living in such traditional" families declined

from 34 percent to 20 perĆ cent for nonĆHispanic Whites, from 8 percent to 4 percent for nonĆHispanic Blacks, and from 21 percent to 15 perĆ cent for Hispanics. In 1990, for every child age 1 living in traditional" families with a fullyĆemployed father

and homemaking mother, there were more than three children who lived in nonĆ traditional" twoĆparent famiĆ lies with a father who was not a fullĆtime worker or a mother who worked.

Figure 10. Father’s and Mother’s Amount of Work and Parental Living Arrangements for Children 1 Year Old: 1980 and 1990 (Percent distribution)

20.9

11.7 26.6

28.8 25.6

24.7

16.0

20.7

20.7

59.7 67.8

5.2

12.7

Father not full-time

7.1

Father full-time, mother full-time

14.8

Father full-time, mother part-time

14.5

Father full-time, mother did not work

5.6 30.8 25.0

16.4 12.2

28.1

19.8

16.6

11.3

All children

1980

1990

White, not Hispanic

6.9 9.1

8.1 1990

17.2

4.6

33.8

324

27.3 23.7

21.1

1980

Two–parent families:

27.3

5.2 11.1

36.3

One-parent family or no parent in home regardless of parents' work status

1980

4.0 1990

Black, not Hispanic

21.0

1980

1990

Hispanic (of any race)

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

The proportion of us in high and low income families increased during the 1980's. Children in low income famiĆ lies increased from 24 perĆ cent in 1980 to 26 percent in 1990, while the proportion in high income families inĆ creased from 18 percent to 21 percent. Between 1980 and 1990, the proportion of children with comfortable or prosperous

family incomes declined from 42 percent to 37 percent. NonĆHispanic White children in 1990 were about three times more likely than nonĆ Hispanic Black children and Hispanic children to live in families with high incomes. Comfortable or prosperous family incomes were also

more often experienced by nonĆHispanic White children than by nonĆHispanic Black children or Hispanic children. The proportion living in a family with low income was more than 2 1/2 times larger for nonĆHispanic Blacks and Hispanics than for nonĆ Hispanic Whites.

Figure 11. Family Income Level for Children: 1980 and 1990 (Percent distribution)

6.6 18.4

21.3

22.2

37.3

16.4 46.9

15.4

8.7

High income

25.0

32.3

27.1

Comfortable or prosperous income

18.9

Enough to get by

15.8

42.0

18.4

15.3 14.8

23.8

6.8

25.9 27.6

42.4

8.9

14.7

49.5

50.3 42.5

45.3

Low income

26.1 16.2

1980 1990 All children

17.5

1980 1990 White, not Hispanic

1980 1990 Black, not Hispanic

1980 1990 Hispanic (of any race)

325

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our family incomes are higher if we live with two parents. In 1990, 69 percent of chilĆ dren in twoĆparent families had comfortable or high family incomes compared with 47 percent in fatherĆ only families and 27 percent in motherĆonly families.

percent of children in fatherĆonly families and 16 percent of children in twoĆparent families.

for nonĆHispanic Blacks and 44 percent for Hispanics. Among motherĆonly families, nonĆHispanic Black and Hispanic children were most likely to be in lowĆincome families, at 69 percent for each compared with 46 percent for nonĆHispanic White children.

For children in twoĆparent families, the chances of livĆ ing at comfortable or high income levels reached 74 percent for nonĆHispanic Whites, but only 57 percent

About 58 percent of children in motherĆonly families were lowĆincome families compared with 34

Figure 12. Family Income Level for Children by Parental Living Arrangements: 1990

Low income Enough to get by Comfortable or prosperous income

(Percent distribution)

High income Living with two parents All children White, not Hispanic Black, not Hispanic Hispanic (of any race)

15.8

15.1

11.8

42.5

14.0

26.6

44.7

24.8

29.5

18.6

35.3

38.7

17.9

20.9

32.4

11.4

Living with mother only 58.0

All children White, not Hispanic

15.3

46.1

17.8

Black, not Hispanic

68.6

Hispanic (of any race)

69.0

21.3

5.2

28.3 13.5

7.9 15.2

13.4

14.8

2.8 2.8

Living with father only All children White, not Hispanic Black, not Hispanic Hispanic (of any race)

326

33.9

18.8

24.9

33.7

17.9 44.7 47.7

13.6

39.0 19.7 21.4

18.2 28.2 25.1

7.5 5.8

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our official poverty rate is higher if we live with one parent. The poverty rate for children in 1990 was 18 percent, but it was 3 or 4 times larger for nonĆHispanic Blacks and Hispanics than for nonĆ Hispanic Whites.

twice as likely to be poor, and children in motherĆonly families were more than 5 times as likely to be poor.

about 2 times the rate for nonĆHispanic Whites.

Among children in twoĆparent families, the Hispanic poverty rate was more than 3 times greater than for nonĆHispanic White children, and the rate for nonĆHispanic Blacks was

Nine percent of children in twoĆparent families were poor, but children in fatherĆ only families were more than

The poverty rate for Hispanic and nonĆHispanic Black children in motherĆonly famiĆ lies was much greater than for nonĆHispanic Whites in motherĆonly families.

Figure 13. Poverty Rate for Children by Parental Living Arrangements: 1980 and 1990

Total White, not Hispanic Black, not Hispanic

(Percent in poverty)

Hispanic (of any race) All children 1980

16.3 10.2 37.3 30.4

All children 1990

18.2 11.0 39.7 32.2

Living with two parents

9.0 6.3 14.9 21.9

Living with mother only

46.8 35.0 57.7 57.2

Living with father only

23.2 15.9 32.7 32.7

327

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our chances of having a comfortable, prosperous, or high family income depend on the amount of time our parents work. For nonĆHispanic White chilĆ dren in families with only one working parent, the proporĆ tion experiencing a comfortĆ able, prosperous, or high standard of living was higher if the parent was working full time than if the parent was working part time.

For nonĆHispanic Black children and for Hispanic children in families with only one employed parent, the proportions experiencing this standard of living were subĆ stantially lower than for nonĆ Hispanic Whites.

For children living with two employed parents, if one worked full time year round and the other worked part time, the proportion experiencing this economic level was higher than in families with parents who worked less.

Figure 14. Percent With Comfortable, Prosperous, or High Family Income for Children by Parental Amount of Work and Living Arrangements: 1990 Two parents work

(Percent with comfortable, prosperous, or high family income) Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent Father part-time, mother did not work Mother part-time, father absent

89.7 77.9 71.6 64.7 50.7 32.6

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent Father part-time, mother did not work Mother part-time, father absent

328

All children

22.7

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent Father part-time, mother did not work Mother part-time, father absent Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent Father part-time, mother did not work Mother part-time, father absent

One parent works

91.6 80.6 75.6 69.7 57.0 40.6

White, not Hispanic

28.9

84.2

63.4 63.4 38.0 41.0 17.7 16.3

Black, not Hispanic

79.1 58.5 55.7 36.9 42.5 15.5 17.6

Hispanic (of any race)

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our chances of having a low family income are similar in traditional" families and in motherĆonly families where the mother is a fullĆtime worker. For nonĆHispanic White chilĆ dren in traditional" families where the father was a fullĆ time worker and the mother a fullĆtime homemaker and in motherĆonly families where the mother was a fullĆtime worker, the chances of having a low family income were small.

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time

NonĆHispanic White children in families where only one parent worked were 2 times more likely to have a low family income if the parent worked part time than if the parent worked full time. For nonĆHispanic Black and Hispanic children, the

Figure 15. Percent With Low Family Income for Children by Parental Amount of Work and Living Arrangements: 1990

Two parents work

(Percent with low family income)

One parent works

2.4 7.5 11.1 16.5

Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent

24.1

Father part-time, mother did not work

48.7

Mother part-time, father absent

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent

1.8 6.0 8.8 12.5

18.2 40.0 54.7

Mother part-time, father absent

15.0 15.7

Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent

36.7 33.1

Father part-time, mother did not work

65.0 70.1

Mother part-time, father absent

Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent Father part-time, mother did not work Mother part-time, father absent

White, not Hispanic

3.4

Father part-time, mother full-time

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time

All children

62.1

Father part-time, mother did not work

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time

chances of having a low family income were much lower in traditional" families and motherĆonly families where one parent worked full time year round than in those with one employed parent who worked part time.

Black, not Hispanic

5.8 18.4 19.7 32.5

38.8 66.3 67.3

Hispanic (of any race)

329

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Whether we live with two parents or only our mother, our official poverty rates are higher if we are Black or Hispanic. Poverty rates were lower for nonĆHispanic White, than for nonĆHispanic Black, and Hispanic children, if they lived with two working parents.

Whether they lived with two parents or only their mother, if children had only one workĆ ing parent and the parent was a fullĆtime worker, the poverty rate was 2 to 4 times greater for nonĆHispanic

Blacks and Hispanics than it was for nonĆHispanic Whites. The poverty rates were highĆ er still for children in twoĆ parent and motherĆonly famiĆ lies with one working parent who was a partĆtime worker.

Figure 16. Poverty Rate for Children by Parental Amount of Work and Living Arrangements: 1990

Two parents work One parent works

(Percent in poverty) Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent

0.7 2.7 4.4 7.8 11.1 34.8

Father part-time, mother did not work

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent

0.7 2.0 3.2 5.3 7.2 27.3

Father part-time, mother did not work

0.7 5.5 6.9

Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent

18.5 17.2 48.9

Father part-time, mother did not work

57.3

Mother part-time, father absent

Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time Father part-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother did not work Mother full-time, father absent Father part-time, mother did not work Mother part-time, father absent

330

White, not Hispanic

41.6

Mother part-time, father absent Father full-time, mother full-time Father full-time, mother part-time

All children

48.9

Mother part-time, father absent

Black, not Hispanic

1.3 7.4 8.8

21.2 16.4

49.5 53.0

Hispanic (of any race)

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

e, the Americans: Our Education Introduction We Americans are known for many achievements Ċ our standard of livĆ ing, our discoveries and inventions, and our ability to organize and overĆ come problems. We tend to think of these achievements in terms of maĆ terial things Ċ things like the space shuttle, microwave ovens, and super computers. But as important as these are, they are only byproducts of America's greatest achievement Ċ the ever increasing level of education of its population. The first question about education Ċ Can you read and write?" Ċ was asked in the 1840 census. At that time, more than 1 in every 5 persons were illiterate. The general illiteracy rate decreased steadily over the years. Questions on illiteracy were dropped in the 1940 census. Since the Census Bureau first began measuring educational attainĆ ment as completed schooling in the 1940 census, the educational level of the population has risen steadily. In the 50 years since then, the United States has made great

strides in education. Not only are more of us going to school, but we are also starting earlier and staying longer. In 1990, about 75 percent of the adult population had received at least a high school diploma compared with about 25 percent in 1940. In the 1990 census, we measured the completion of specific college degrees (for example, bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees) for the first time. These data show that over 20 million Americans held a bachelor's degree as their highest level of schooling, and another 11 million have a professional or graduate degree. The advantages of a good education are many, but they boil down to one main point: having a good education gives a person the opportunity to make the most of his or her talents. The quality of life in America's future is inseparably bound to the quality Ċ and quantity Ċ of education obtained by each of its members.

331

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

In 1990, there were nearly 65 million of us enrolled in school.

Figure 1a. School-Age Population and Enrollment: 1940 to 1990

SchoolĆage population

Because the schoolĆage population of the United States has grown tremendously since 1940, it's not surprising to find that the number of us going to school is greater now than in 1940.

(Millions. Persons 5 to 24 years old)

Percent enrolled

More importantly, the proportion of Americans between the ages of 5 and 24 going to school has grown from 58 percent in 1940 to 70 percent in 1990. Nearly half of the total 65 million students were enrolled in elementary school; 17 percent were in high school, and over oneĆfourth were enrolled in colleges across the Nation.

79.6 76.2 74.0 77.4 72.0 71.0 70.0 63.0

58.0

59.6

46.7

46.4

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

Figure 1b. Percent Distribution of Students: 1990 (Persons 3 years old and over enrolled in school) Preprimary 6.9% College 27.6%

Elementary 48.7% High school 16.8%

Not only are more of us going to school, but we are starting earlier and staying longer. Since the turn of the century, it has been compulsory for almost all children between 7 and 15 years old to go to school. About 96 percent of persons 7 to 15 years old were enrolled in school in 1990. Nearly 30 percent of persons 3 and 4 years old were enrolled in preschool and about 80 percent of persons 5 and 6 years old were enrolled in school.

Figure 2. School Enrollment by Age: 1990 (Percent of persons 3 to 54 years old enrolled in school)

95.8

90.7

80.1 65.5

33.6

28.9

11.7

About 34 percent of persons 20 to 24 years old and 12 percent of persons 25 to 34 years old were enrolled in college.

332

3 and 4 years

5 and 6 years

7 to 15 years

16 and 18 and 17 19 years years

20 to 24 years

25 to 34 years

6.0 35 to 54 years

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our educational attainment increased steadily since 1940. Educational attainment levels for all persons 25 years old and over have increased over the last 50 years. During the period from 1940 to 1990, the proportion of the population completing high school rose substantially. ThreeĆquarters of the adult population had completed at least a high school diploma in 1990 compared with about 25 percent in 1940, 41 perĆ cent in 1960, and 67 percent in 1980.

Section Five: Census Data

Figure 3a. Educational Attainment of the Adult Population: 1940 to 1990

Bachelor's degree or higher

(Percent 25 years old and over)

75 67 53 41 34 25

OneĆfifth of the adult population had completed a bachelor's degree or more in 1990 compared with about 5 percent in 1940, 8 percent in 1960, and 16 percent in 1980. In 1990, over 1 million persons held a doctorate degree.

High school diplom or higher

8

6

5 1940

1950

1960

1970

20

16

11

1980

1990

Figure 3b. Educational Distribution of the Adult Population: 1990 (Percent 25 years old and over) Less than 9 years 10.4%

Advanced degree 7.2%

9 to 12 years, no diploma 14.4%

Bachelor's degree 13.1%

For the first time in our Nation's history more than threeĆfourths of us graduated from high school. Part of the rising level of educational attainment is the natural replacement of older generations by younger people who have had better educational opportunities. In 1990, about 34 percent of persons 75 years old and over did not complete the 9th grade compared with only 4 percent of persons 25 to 34 years old.

Associate degree 6.2% Some college, no degree 18.7%

High school diploma only 30.0%

Figure 4. Educational Attainment for Selected Age Groups: 1990

Less than 9th grade High school diploma or higher Bachelor's degree or higher

(Percent 25 years old and over) 84.1

82.6

75.2

67.6

About 45 percent of persons 75 years old and over completed a high school diploma or more compared with 84 percent of persons 25 to 34 years old. The proportion of persons 75 years old and over with a bachelor's degree or more was about 10 percent in 1990 compared with about 23 percent of persons 25 to 34 years old.

59.2 44.8 34.3

10.4 25 years and over

24.9

22.7

20.3

13.9

3.9 25 to 34 years

20.0 16.0

6.0 35 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

11.6

65 to 74 years

9.5 75 years and over

333

Section Five: Census Data

Differences in the educational attainment of men and women are relatively small.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 5. Educational Attainment of Adults by Sex: 1990

Male Female

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over)

A larger proportion of men (27 percent) than women (24 percent) hold a college degree of some kind. Women are more likely than men to have completed only a high school diploma, 32 percent and 28 percent, respectively. Among women 25 to 34 years old, 32 percent have a college degree compared with 30 percent of men in this age group.

32.1 27.6

19.0 18.6 13.9

14.8

14.4 12.0

10.4 10.4

Young women 25 to 39 years old also were slightly more likely than young men in this age group to be enrolled in school, 11 percent and 10 percent, respectively.

Our educational attainment differs by racial and ethnic groups, but all groups have improved in the past decade. In 1990, high school completion levels were highest for Whites, with Asian and Pacific Islanders not far behind.

9.0 5.8 6.5

Less than 9 to 12 High Some Associate Bachelor's Advanced 9 years years, no school college, degree degree degree diploma diploma no only degree

Figure 6. Completion Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980 and 1990

1980

(Percent 25 years old and over)

1990

Bachelor’s degree or higher 16.2

Substantial improvements in high school compleĆ tion occurred during the decade for Blacks and American Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts.

20.3 17.1 21.5

There was also an increase in the proportion of college graduates for each racial group and Hispanics from 1980 to 1990.

8.4 11.4 7.7

In 1990, the highest level of college completion was for Asian and Pacific Islanders at 37 percent.

9.3

High school diploma or higher 66.5 All persons

75.2 68.8

White

Black

77.9 51.2 63.1

American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut

55.5 65.5

Asian and Pacific Islander

32.9 36.6 5.5 6.0 7.6 9.2

334

5.7

Other race

Hispanic (of any race)

74.8 77.5 37.9 43.4 44.0 49.8

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Some Asian and Pacific Islander groups have among the highest high school and college completion rates. In 1990, among Asian and Pacific Islander groups, Japanese persons had the highest proĆ portion of high school graduates, at 88 percent. Other Asian and Pacific Islander groups with proportions greater than 80 percent included Asian Indians, Filipinos, and Koreans. In general, Asian and Pacific Islanders had a higher proportion of college graduates than all persons 25 years old and over, 37 percent versus 20 percent. Asians (38 percent) had a higher proportion of college graduates than Pacific Islanders (11 percent).

Figure 7. High School and Bachelor’s Degree Completion Rates for Selected Asian and Pacific Islander Groups: 1990 (Percent 25 years old and over)

Bachelor's degree or higher ALL PERSONS Asian and Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino

82.6

39.3

Japanese

87.5

34.5

Asian Indian

80.2

34.5

Vietnamese

61.2

17.4

Pacific Islander

There is great variability in the educaĆ tional attainment of Hispanic persons.

84.7

58.1

76.1

10.8

79.5

11.9

70.6

8.0

72.3

10.0

Tongan

As with high school completion, Hispanic groups varied in terms of college completion, ranging from 20 percent for Spaniards to 5 percent for Salvadorans.

73.6

40.7

Guamanian

About 9 percent of all Hispanics held a bachelor's degree or higher in 1990.

77.6

37.7

Samoan

High school completion varied considerably among Hispanic groups, from a high of 77 perĆ cent for Spaniards (persons who identified themĆ selves as Spaniard" in the Hispanic origin quesĆ tion) to a low of 34 percent for Salvadorans.

77.5

36.6

Hawaiian

Like the rest of the Nation, persons of Hispanic origin (who may be of any race) have made great strides in their educational attainment since 1970. In 1970, about 36 percent of Hispanic adults had finished high school, compared with about half in 1990.

75.2

20.3

Korean

Among Asian and Pacific Islanders, Asian Indians had the highest level of college graduates at 58 percent.

High school diploma or higher

64.0

5.8

Figure 8. High School and Bachelor’s Degree Completion Rates for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 High school

diploma or higher

(Percent 25 years old and over) ALL PERSONS Hispanic origin Mexican Puerto Rican

Colombian

44.2

6.3

53.4

9.5

56.6

16.5

42.6

7.8 20.4 6.4

Nicaraguan Salvadoran

49.8

9.2

Spaniard Guatemalan

75.2

20.3

Cuban Dominican

Bachelor's degree or higher

15.5 5.0 16.1

76.7 38.4 60.5 33.7 67.1

335

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Educational attainment levels vary markedly across the United States. As the following series of maps show, there is great diversity in America in our schooling. About 11 percent of all persons 16 to 19 years old have dropped out of school. The proportion of dropouts," persons 16 to 19 years old who are not enrolled in school and not high school graduates, tells us a lot about how well areas are educating their youth. With the exception of the District of Columbia and Hawaii, all States had a lower proportion of dropĆ outs in 1990 than in 1980. Many of the States with the lowest dropout rates were in the Midwest, for example, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Iowa. Despite improvements across the Nation, the States with the highest proportions of dropouts were in the South and West in 1990. The highest dropout rate was in Nevada, at 15 percent.

Table 1. Rank Order by State of Persons Not Enrolled in School and Not a High School Graduate: 1990 (Percent of persons 16 to 19 years old) United States

11.2

Nevada Arizona Florida California Georgia DC Tennessee Kentucky Texas Alabama Louisiana North Carolina Mississippi Oregon South Carolina New Mexico Missouri Arkansas Indiana Rhode Island West Virginia Alaska Maryland Illinois Washington Idaho

15.2 14.4 14.3 14.2 14.1 13.9 13.4 13.3 12.9 12.6 12.5 12.5 11.8 11.8 11.7 11.7 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.1 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.6 10.6 10.4

Delaware Oklahoma Michigan Virginia New York Colorado New Jersey New Hampshire Pennsylvania Connecticut Ohio Kansas Utah Massachusetts Maine Montana Vermont South Dakota Hawaii Wisconsin Nebraska Wyoming Iowa Minnesota North Dakota

10.4 10.4 10.0 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.4 4.6

Figure 9. Proportion of Persons Not Enrolled in School and Not a High School Graduate: 1990

AK

(Persons 16 to 19 years old)

NH

WA MT

VT

ND

MN

OR

MI

WY

UT CA

AZ

PA

IA

NE

NV

IL

CO

KS

OK

NM

TX

IN

OH KY

VA NC

TN

SC

AR LA

MS

AL

GA

Percent 11.5 to 15.2 9.3 to 11.4 4.6 to 9.2

336

CT NJ

RI

DE WV

MO

HI

MA

NY

WI

SD

ID

ME

FL

MD

DC

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Nationally, threeĆquarters of all adults have completed a high school diploma or more.

Table 2. Rank Order by State of Persons Who Have Completed a High School Diploma or More: 1990

The fundamental measure of educational status is the proportion of persons who have completed high school. This single measure is the one most often used to portray the educational achieveĆ ment of the population.

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over)

In both 1980 and 1990, Alaska ranked first as the State with the highest proportion of high school graduates. Every State in the country showed an increase from 1980 in the proportion of persons with a high school diploma. Many of the States in the South are among those with the lowest high school completion levels, while the States in the Midwest and Northwest tend to be higher than the national average (75 percent).

United States

75.2

Alaska Utah Colorado Washington Wyoming Minnesota New Hampshire Nebraska Oregon Kansas Montana Vermont Iowa Hawaii Massachusetts Idaho Connecticut Nevada Maine Arizona Wisconsin Maryland Delaware South Dakota Michigan New Jersey

86.6 85.1 84.4 83.8 83.0 82.4 82.2 81.8 81.5 81.3 81.0 80.8 80.1 80.1 80.0 79.7 79.2 78.8 78.8 78.7 78.6 78.4 77.5 77.1 76.8 76.7

North Dakota Illinois California Ohio Indiana Virginia New Mexico New York Pennsylvania Oklahoma Florida Missouri DC Texas Rhode Island Georgia North Carolina Louisiana South Carolina Tennessee Alabama Arkansas West Virginia Kentucky Mississippi

76.7 76.2 76.2 75.7 75.6 75.2 75.1 74.8 74.7 74.6 74.4 73.9 73.1 72.1 72.0 70.9 70.0 68.3 68.3 67.1 66.9 66.3 66.0 64.6 64.3

Figure 10. Proportion of Persons Who Have Completed a High School Diploma or More: 1990

AK

(Persons 25 years old and over) WA

NH MT

VT

ND

MN

OR

WI

SD

ID

MI

UT CA

AZ

PA

IA

NE

IL

CO

KS

OK

NM

TX Percent 79.0 to 86.6 74.8 to 78.9 64.3 to 74.7

OH

IN KY

RI

VA

MD

DC

NC

TN

SC

AR LA

CT NJ DE

WV

MO

HI

MA

NY

WY NV

ME

MS

AL

GA

FL

337

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

About oneĆfifth of all adults have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. The proportion of college graduates increased from 1980 for the Nation as a whole, as well as for every State. Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Rhode Island were among States with the largest increase in the proportion of persons with postsecondary degrees compared to 1980. The District of Columbia, relatively low in its proĆ portion of high school graduates, had the highest college completion rates in both 1980 (28 perĆ cent) and 1990 (33 percent). The areas with the largest proportion of college graduates are the District of Columbia, the NorthĆ east, and a group of selected highĆtech" States in the West.

AK

Table 3. Rank Order by State of Persons With a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher: 1990 (Percent of persons 25 years old and over) United States

13.1

DC Massachusetts Connecticut Colorado Maryland New Jersey Virginia New Hampshire Vermont California New York Alaska Washington Hawaii Utah Minnesota Delaware Rhode Island Kansas Illinois Oregon New Mexico Texas Arizona Montana Georgia

33.3 27.2 27.2 27.0 26.5 24.9 24.5 24.4 24.3 23.4 23.1 23.0 22.9 22.9 22.3 21.8 21.4 21.3 21.1 21.0 20.6 20.4 20.3 20.3 19.8 19.3

Nebraska Maine Wyoming Florida North Dakota Pennsylvania Oklahoma Missouri Idaho Wisconsin Michigan North Carolina South Dakota Ohio Iowa South Carolina Louisiana Tennessee Alabama Indiana Nevada Mississippi Kentucky Arkansas West Virginia

18.9 18.8 18.8 18.3 18.1 17.9 17.8 17.8 17.7 17.7 17.4 17.4 17.2 17.0 16.9 16.6 16.1 16.0 15.7 15.6 15.3 14.7 13.6 13.3 12.3

Figure 11. Proportion of Persons With a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher: 1990 (Persons 25 years old and over) WA

NH MT

VT

ND

MN

OR

WI

SD

ID

MI

UT CA

AZ

PA

IA

NE

IL

CO

KS

OK

NM

TX Percent 21.4 to 33.3 17.8 to 21.3 12.3 to 17.7

338

IN

OH

KY

VA NC

TN

SC

AR LA

MS

AL

CT NJ

RI

DE WV

MO

HI

MA

NY

WY NV

ME

GA

FL

MD

DC

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

In 1990, 7 percent of adults reported that they held an advanced degreeĊ master's, doctorate, or professional.

Table 4. Rank Order by State of Persons With an Advanced Degree: 1990

In 1990, the District of Columbia had the highest level of advanced degree holders at 17 percent.

(Percent of persons 25 years old and over)

Most States with high proportions of persons with advanced degrees also have a major metroĆ politan area or have a large concentration of highĆtechnology industries, for example, Massachusetts, New York, and California.

DC Connecticut Maryland Massachusetts New York Virginia Colorado Vermont New Jersey New Mexico California Alaska New Hampshire Rhode Island Delaware Illinois Hawaii Washington Arizona Kansas Oregon Utah Pennsylvania Texas Indiana Georgia

States with relatively low proportions of advanced degree holders tend to be concentrated in the rural South and Northwest.

AK

United States

7.2 Michigan Florida Minnesota Missouri Maine Oklahoma Nebraska Ohio Montana Wyoming Wisconsin Louisiana Alabama Kentucky Tennessee North Carolina South Carolina Idaho Nevada Iowa Mississippi South Dakota West Virginia Arkansas North Dakota

17.2 11.0 10.9 10.6 9.9 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4

6.4 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.5

Figure 12. Proportion of Persons With an Advanced Degree: 1990 (Persons 25 years old and over) WA

NH MT

VT

ND

OR

WI

SD

ID

MI

UT CA

AZ

PA

IA

NE

IL

CO

KS

OK

NM

TX

Percent

OH

IN

MO

KY

RI

VA

MD

DC

NC SC

AR LA

CT NJ DE

WV

TN

HI

MA

NY

WY NV

ME

MN

MS

AL

GA

FL

7.1 to 17.2 5.8 to 7.0 4.5 to 5.7

339

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

e, the Americans: Our Homes Introduction We still dream of owning our own homes, and for many of us that dream has become a reality. No matter what we earn, how old we are, or what we do, our homes are where our hearts are Ċ and where the heart of the Nation rests. Since World War II, we have been building homes at a healthy, someĆ times astonishing rate, which valiĆ dates our strength as a people and a Nation. The 1990 census provides a vivid portrait of American housing and the situations in which we live. It helps us see how we have changed and how we are changing and how we can anticipate change in the decades ahead. In 1990, there were over 102 million housing units in the United States, almost 14 million more than 1980. That is a 16 percent increase in housing units during the decade.

340

While there was an increase in the number of ownerĆoccupied homes, the homeownership rate between 1980 and 1990 declined slightly for the first time since the depression era. The number of ownerĆoccupied units rose 14 perĆ cent while renterĆoccupied units increased 15 percent. The percentage of units with more than one person per room rose during the 1980's for the first time since the first census of housĆ ing was taken in 1940. The proporĆ tion of householders who were elderly increased slightly during the decade. SingleĆfamily homes still made up the majority of the housing inventory. Mobile homes, the fastest growing type of housing, increased by almost 3 million units from 1980 to 1990. Both median value and median contract rent rose faster than inflation.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our housing population" is up by nearly 16 percent since 1980.

Figure 1. Number of Housing Units: 1940 to 1990

In 1990, there were 102,263,678 housing units in the United States, up by 16 percent from the 1980 census. There was a net increase of nearly 14 million housing units.

(Thousands)

102,264

There was an increase in the housing stock every decade since 1940. The 1970's had the largest percentage change, at 29 percent, while the 1980's had the smallest, at 16 percent.

88,411

68,679

The 1970's had the largest numerical increase in housing units, almost 20 million, while the 1940's had the smallest increase, almost 9 million.

58,326

The South (22.6 percent) and the West (22.3 perĆ cent) Regions had the greatest increase in housĆ ing units, while the Northeast and Midwest reĆ gions had more modest gains of 9 percent and 7 percent, respectively.

45,983 37,325

Housing and population growth almost always go hand in hand. Since 1890, the percentage increase between decades for the number of occupied housing units was always greater than that for the number of persons. This is related to a decline in household size and an increase in oneĆ person households. The 1910 census showed the largest percentĆ age increase between decades for occupied units, and 1990 had the smallest increase. The 1910 census also showed the largest inĆ crease for number of persons, but the 1940 census had the smallest. The 1980 census was the first in the 20th century to show a divergence between the growth rates of population and occupied housing units. After years of moving almost in parallel, the growth rate for housing increased between 1970 and 1980, while the growth rate for population declined, so there was a greater supply of housing units in relation to the total population than before. In 1990, the pattern of the growth rate for populaĆ tion and occupied units returned to the pattern exhibited before 1980, that is, both percentages moved in the same direction when compared to the previous decade.

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

Figure 2. Population and Number of Occupied Housing Units: 1890 to 1990 30

(Percent change)

26.1

27.0

25 21.0 21.0

26.7

Occupied units 22.8

20.2

23.4

22.9

16.5

20

18.5

19.7

16.2

15 15.0

10

14.5

14.4 13.4 11.4

Population

9.8

7.3

5

0 1890 1900 to to 1900 1910

1910 to 1920

1920 to 1930

1930 to 1940

1940 to 1950

1950 to 1960

1960 to 1970

1970 to 1980

1980 to 1990

341

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our dream of homeownership is a reality for many of us. OwnerĆoccupied units increased by 14 percent during the 1980's, while renterĆoccupied units increased by 15 percent. As a result, the homeownership rate in the United States decreased slightly for the first time since the Great Depression.

Figure 3. Homeownership Rate: 1890 to 1990 (Percent of ownerĆoccupied housing units) 80

75

70

The homeownership rate increased dramatically between 1940 and 1960, because of new legislaĆ tion introducing mortgages which made it easier to afford a home. Since 1960, the homeownerĆ ship rate has increased at a much slower rate. The Midwest Region had the highest homeĆ ownership rate at 68 percent, while the South ReĆ gion was not far behind at 66 percent. The Northeast Region was below the average for the United States at 61 percent, and the West had the lowest, at 59 percent. West Virginia had the highest homeownership rate of all States in the Nation at 74 percent, while Minnesota was the next highest at 72 percent. New York had the lowest homeownership rate of any State at 52 percent.

65 61.9

Almost 30 percent of all housing units were in multiunit structures, with almost 10 percent in buildings with 2 to 4 units and 18 percent in buildings with 5 or more units. Mobile homes, the fastest growing type of housing, increased nearly 60 percent, but represented only 7 percent of all units. The South led the Nation with 11 percent of its units being mobile homes, while the Northeast had the smallest percentage at only 3 percent. The South also had the highest number of mobile homes, almost 4 million, while the Northeast had the fewest, with only 640,000.

342

64.4

64.2

60

55

55.0

50 47.8

45

47.8 46.7

45.9

45.6 43.6

40 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

Most of us live in single family homes. In 1990, among all housing units, singleĆfamily homes increased the most in absolute terms by almost 7.5 million units during the decade.

62.9

Figure 4. Units in Structure: 1980 and 1990

1990

(Thousands)

1980

65,762

1

58,349

9,876 2 to 4

9,767

18,105 5 or more 15,618

7,400 Mobile home or trailer

4,663

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

The value of our homes varies by the region in which we live. During the decade of the 1980's, the median value of ownerĆoccupied homes in the United States increased 5.5 percent faster than the rate of inflation. The Northeast Region fared the best during the decade, with an increase of 66 percent in median home value. The West and South also had inĆ creases in median value, while the Midwest fared the worst, with a decrease relative to inflation. California and Hawaii were the only two States in the West to show an increase in median value between 1980 and 1990, while Missouri was the only State in the Midwest to show an increase. Massachusetts had the largest gain, with New York and Rhode Island close behind. Wyoming showed the largest loss, with Iowa and North Dakota not far behind.

Figure 5. Percent Change in Median Home Value by State: 1980 and 1990

AK -22.1

(In 1990 dollars)

WA -1.8

MT -23.3

OR -25.8

ID -19.6

NV -12.3

UT -24.3

CA 45.7 AZ -7.9 HI 30.8

ND -27.1

WY -35.2

MN -12.2 WI -19.0

SD -22.2 NE -16.4

CO -18.8

NM -2.5

KS -13.0 OK -14.9

TX -4.0

15.0% or more 0.0% to 14.9% -0.1% to -14.9% -15.0% or more

VT 42.5

IL -3.5 MO 2.6

NY 81.8

MI -2.1

IA -28.8 IN -8.8

OH -10.9

KY -7.0

PA 12.2 WV -21.6 VA 19.4

LA -14.3

MS -8.6

AL -0.2

ME 45.2 MA 111.7

RI 79.7 CT 70.6 NJ 69.8 DE 42.0 DC MD 13.4 25.8

NC 15.0

TN 3.4 AR -6.3

NH 69.8

GA 21.7

SC 9.7

FL 7.7

343

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our rents are increasing or staying the same. Between 1980 and 1990, median gross rent for renterĆoccupied homes in the Nation increased 16 percent above the rate of inflation. By regions, the pattern of median gross rent was similar to that for median value, except there were no decreases. The Northeast increased the most, by 27 percent, with the West and the South next, while the Midwest had the smallest increase. California and Hawaii were the only States in the West to have an increase in median gross rent greater than 20 percent, while the Midwest had none. Also, the Northeast Region was the only one that had no States showing a decline between 1980 and 1990. Connecticut had the highest increase in median gross rent, and Massachusetts had the second highest. Wyoming had the largest decrease, and Iowa had the second largest decrease.

Figure 6. Percent Change in Median Gross Rent by State: 1980 and 1990

AK -4.3

(In 1990 dollars)

WA 10.3 ND -4.3

MT -2.1

OR 0.0

ID -4.7

NV 3.4 CA 38.0

WY -16.8

UT -1.1

CO 4.5

344

WI 7.4

SD 2.5

IL 13.9

KY 1.5

WV -2.2

MS 8.1

AL 8.9

VA 20.4 NC 17.3

TN 10.7

AR 11.6 LA 3.6

PA 13.6

OH 6.1

IN 8.0

MO 9.8 OK -0.4

NM 9.0

NY 22.9

MI 6.5

IA -6.4

KS 7.5

TX 1.1

20.0% or more 10.0% to 19.9% 0.0% to 9.9% -0.1% or less

NH 37.7

MN 12.6

NE 2.9

AZ 4.5 HI 31.6

VT 25.4

SC 14.9 GA 29.2

FL 18.8

ME 22.2 MA 43.2 RI 38.7

CT NJ 44.8 38.1 DE 26.2 DC MD 34.7 29.7

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our houses are larger than they have ever been.

Section Five: Census Data

Figure 7. Median Number of Rooms Per Housing Unit: 1940 to 1990

All units Owners Renters

Since 1950, the median number of rooms for all units has increased steadily from 4.6 to 5.2, with the largest increase occurring between 1950 and 1960. The largest difference in median number of rooms ( 2 rooms) between ownerĆoccupied units and renterĆoccupied units was in 1990. The smallest difference (1.5 rooms) occurred in 1940 and 1950.

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.3 4.7

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.9

6.0

5.8

4.6 4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

4.0

In 1990, ownerĆoccupied households were the largest they have ever been, on average, with a median number of rooms of 6.0. The number of rooms in renterĆoccupied units peaked in 1940 with a median of 4.1 rooms. The number of rooms in both owner and renter units was smallest in 1950, with medians of 5.3 rooms and 3.8 rooms, respectively. 1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

We often have a room of our own. Units with more than one person per room are often considered crowded. This proportion rose from 4.5 percent of occupied units in 1980 to 4.9 percent in 1990. This was the first increase since 1940 (the first census to include housing data), when the proportion was just over 20 percent.

Figure 8. Persons Per Room: 1940 to 1990

0.50 or less

(Percent)

1.01 or more

65.1 61.4

The steady decline or minimal increase in the percentage of units with more than one person per room and the recent substantial increase of units with 0.5 persons per room or less resulted in an overall decline in persons per room, showing improved living conditions.

49.8 41.8

40.0 32.0

From 1980 to 1990, the percentage of units with 1.01 or more persons per room rose in the West and Northeast and fell in the Midwest and South.

20.2 15.8

The decade of the 1970's showed the greatest increase in units with 0.5 persons per room or less, from 50 percent in 1970 to 61 percent in 1980. The 1940's showed the greatest decrease in units with more than one person per room, from 20 percent in 1940 to 16 percent in 1950.

11.5 8.2 4.5 1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

4.9 1990

345

Section Five: Census Data

Many of our homes are 30 years old or older. In 1990, a large portion of the Nation's housing units were built before 1960. Despite the large proportion of older homes, about 21 percent of all housing units in the United States were built during the 1980's. The 1970's saw the most housing units constructed, just over 22 million, while the 1940's had the least, about 8.5 million, primarily because of the lack of homebuilding during World War II. The South had 44 percent of all new units built in 1990. The Northeast had the lowest percentage of these units, at 14 percent, while the West had 25 percent, and the Midwest had 17 percent.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Figure 9. Year Structure Built: 1990

1939 or earlier 18.4%

1985 to 1990 10.9% 1980 to 1984 9.7%

1940 to 1949 8.5%

1950 to 1959 14.5%

1970 to 1979 21.8%

1960 to 1969 16.1%

The median year the structure was built also folĆ lowed the same pattern, with the Northeast being the oldest with a median of 1954 and the West and South the newest at 1970 and 1971, respecĆ tively. The Midwest was in the middle at 1960. The median year structure built for the Nation was 1965.

Once we buy a home, we tend to stay in it. Over 45 million households, or about 49 percent of all households, changed residences between 1985 and 1990. Of these households, over 19 million moved during the 15 months precedĆ ing the 1990 census. Still, almost oneĆtenth of all households lived at their current residence since 1960. Between 1980 and 1990, 70 percent of all households in the West reported moving into their current residence, while in the Northeast, the figure was only 56 percent. Renter households were more than four times as likely to have moved between 1989 and 1990 as owner households, 42 percent versus 9 percent. Conversely, only 4 percent of renters lived in the same residence for more than 20 years, compared with 26 percent of owners.

346

Figure 10. Year Householder Moved Into Unit: 1990

1959 or earlier 9.1% 1960 to 1969 9.2%

1989 or 1990 20.9%

1970 to 1979 18.6% 1985 to 1988 28.2% 1980 to 1984 14.0%

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Our monthly ownership costs are lowest in the Midwestern States. In 1990, median selected monthly owner costs as a percentage of household income in 1989 for mortgaged units was 21 percent. Owner costs include payment for all mortgages, real estate taxes, homeowner insurance, utilities, fuels, and associated homeowner fees. On average, households in the West spent more for mortgaged homes than any other reĆ gion, at 23 percent. The Northeast and South followed, and the Midwest had the lowest costs for mortgaged homes at 19 percent. Florida was the only State in the South to have a median percentage of income spent on owner costs over 22 percent, while the Midwest had no such States. California had the highest median percentage of income spent at 25 percent, followed closely by New Hampshire at 24 percent. Costs were lowĆ est in Indiana, at 17 percent, and Iowa and West Virginia, at just under 18 percent. Figure 11. Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentage of Household Income in 1989: 1990

AK 21.5

(Percent of specified ownerĆoccupied housing units with a mortgage) WA 20.4 MT 20.2 OR 20.4

ID 19.3

NV 22.4 CA 24.9

UT 20.9

AZ 22.8 HI 21.4

VT 21.9

ND 20.3

WY 18.8

MN 20.4

IA 17.3 IL 20.2

KS 19.1 OK 20.0

NM 21.6 TX 20.9

22.1% or more 21.1% to 22.0% 20.1% to 21.0% 20.0% or less

WI 20.1

SD 19.8 NE 19.4

CO 22.5

NH 24.4

MI 18.0

PA 20.2

OH 18.2

IN 16.7

KY 18.0

MO 18.4

WV 17.5

MS 20.8

AL 18.4

VA 21.9 NC 20.5

TN 20.1

AR 20.0 LA 20.6

NY 21.5

ME 21.4 MA 22.3 RI 22.7 CT NJ 22.9 23.4 DE 19.5 DC MD 20.5 21.1

SC 19.8 GA 20.9

FL 22.3

347

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Our monthly rental costs are highest in California. In 1990, median gross rent as a percentage of household income in 1989 was 26.4 percent for the United States. Renter costs include the rental payment plus estimated average monthly costs of utilities and fuels. Renter costs as a percentage of income showed the same pattern as that for owners. The West had the highest percentage at 28 percent, the Northeast and South following, and the Midwest showing the lowest median percentage at 25 percent. Michigan was the only State in the Midwest with a median renter percentage over 27 percent. In the Northeast, Rhode Island and Vermont were at 28 percent and 27 percent, respectively. California had the highest median percentage for renters, at 29 percent, and Florida the next highest at 28 percent. Nebraska and Wyoming had the lowest of all States, at 24 percent.

Figure 12. Median Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income in 1989: 1990

AK 23.8

(Specified renterĆoccupied housing units paying cash rent)

WA 25.7 OR 25.5

MT 25.0 ID 23.8

NV 26.8 CA 29.1

WY 23.7

UT 23.8

CO 26.1

348

WI 24.9

SD 24.6 IA 24.1

IL 25.9

KS 24.5 OK 25.4

NM 26.5 TX 24.6

27.1% or more 26.1% to 27.0% 25.0% to 26.0% Less than 25.0

MN 26.7

NE 23.7

AZ 27.5 HI 27.4

VT 27.1

ND 23.9

MO 25.2 AR 26.5 MS LA 27.1 27.9

NY 26.3

MI 27.2

PA 26.1

OH 25.3

IN 24.3

KY 24.9

WV 26.8

VA 25.8 NC 24.4

TN 25.0 AL 24.8

NH 26.4

SC 24.4 GA 25.8

FL 28.0

ME 26.8 MA 26.8 RI 27.5

CT NJ 26.6 26.3 DE 24.7 DC MD 25.4 25.4

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Section Five: Census Data

1990 CP-1-1

1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics

United States

349

Section Five: Census Data

Table 1.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



Percent of all persons

Persons in group quarters

Percent of all persons In households

In families

Nonfamily householders and nonrelatives of householder

In group quarters

Total

Percent institutionalized

All persons

Under 5 years

Under 18 years

18 to 24 years

25 to 44 years

45 to 64 years

65 years and over

80 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

248 709 873

7.4

25.6

10.8

32.5

18.6

12.6

2.8

32.9

91.9

82.0

15.3

2.7

6 697 744

49.8

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

7.5 7.5 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.1

25.0 24.8 24.7 24.9 26.0 25.6 26.5 27.3 26.6 27.3 27.4

11.4 11.3 12.6 10.1 12.0 13.7 10.3 8.7 8.9 8.1 8.7

33.0 33.6 33.3 33.9 29.3 29.5 29.1 31.0 28.7 27.8 31.6

18.0 18.2 17.0 19.3 17.4 16.8 17.9 20.5 18.9 19.1 20.8

12.6 12.1 12.4 11.8 15.4 14.5 16.2 12.4 16.9 17.7 11.4

2.9 2.7 2.9 2.5 4.0 3.7 4.2 2.6 4.4 4.6 2.1

32.5 32.5 31.5 33.3 32.6 31.6 33.6 34.1 34.8 35.0 34.0

90.1 90.6 89.4 91.9 87.4 88.2 86.6 97.8 86.8 88.7 100.2

80.1 80.2 76.5 83.8 79.7 77.7 81.5 87.7 83.7 85.0 88.4

17.0 17.2 20.2 14.3 15.5 16.6 14.5 10.4 13.7 13.6 9.6

2.9 2.6 3.3 1.9 4.8 5.7 4.0 2.0 2.6 1.4 1.9

5 4 2 1 1

334 630 435 195 704 059 645 410 300 078 032

45.1 44.8 40.2 52.7 46.0 38.5 55.8 70.9 71.5 75.4 70.5

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

7.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.2 7.5 7.7 7.2 7.6 7.9 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.1

24.6 24.4 24.7 24.4 24.5 24.4 24.3 24.0 24.5 24.9 24.6 25.1 25.1 25.0 25.3 25.0 24.7 25.4 25.7 25.8 25.5 25.0 25.0 25.1 24.8 24.6 25.2

10.8 11.9 9.9 11.1 11.8 10.4 10.8 12.3 9.9 10.5 11.8 9.6 12.1 13.3 10.4 11.3 12.7 9.7 11.3 12.3 10.2 12.9 13.7 11.5 13.1 14.3 10.5

34.5 34.3 34.6 33.9 34.2 33.6 35.5 35.2 35.8 34.3 34.0 34.5 32.4 32.2 32.6 33.3 33.4 33.3 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.4 32.2 32.6 30.9 30.7 31.2

18.4 17.3 19.3 18.9 17.8 19.9 18.4 17.1 19.4 18.0 16.9 18.8 17.7 16.7 19.2 18.0 16.9 19.2 17.9 16.8 19.2 17.4 16.5 19.0 17.6 16.8 19.3

11.7 12.0 11.5 11.7 11.7 11.6 10.9 11.5 10.5 12.3 12.7 12.0 12.6 12.8 12.5 12.4 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.5 12.3 12.5 11.9 13.6 13.6 13.7

2.6 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.3 2.8

32.7 31.8 33.3 32.6 31.8 33.4 32.6 31.6 33.2 32.7 31.9 33.3 32.1 31.3 33.4 32.4 31.4 33.6 32.3 31.4 33.4 31.7 31.0 32.8 32.1 31.3 33.8

91.1 90.4 91.6 91.3 90.1 92.5 91.1 90.3 91.6 90.9 90.9 90.8 89.9 88.2 92.3 89.4 88.0 90.8 89.2 87.4 91.3 91.0 88.9 94.8 89.7 88.1 93.1

80.5 76.2 83.7 81.2 77.5 84.6 79.9 74.6 83.4 80.1 75.9 83.2 79.8 76.9 83.9 80.3 76.5 84.5 80.9 77.9 84.5 79.0 76.8 82.8 78.6 76.3 83.7

17.4 21.1 14.6 16.8 20.2 13.6 18.0 22.4 15.0 17.7 21.1 15.3 16.9 19.2 13.5 17.2 20.2 13.8 16.2 18.6 13.3 17.1 19.1 13.7 17.0 18.9 13.1

2.1 2.7 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.9 1.6 2.1 3.0 1.5 3.3 3.9 2.5 2.5 3.3 1.7 2.9 3.4 2.2 3.9 4.1 3.5 4.3 4.8 3.3

1 963 186 1 110 238 852 948 684 437 377 030 307 407 508 289 279 290 228 999 770 460 453 918 316 542 2 144 444 1 479 197 665 247 455 609 312 414 143 195 444 726 287 237 157 489 729 068 487 009 242 059 515 041 392 537 122 504

50.2 42.2 60.7 52.1 45.4 60.4 48.1 38.5 59.8 49.9 41.7 61.6 39.9 38.8 42.5 46.0 41.8 55.3 42.7 40.7 46.4 36.1 38.5 31.4 37.4 35.3 44.2

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

7.5 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.9 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0

25.3 24.7 25.7 25.2 25.0 27.1 27.3 26.6 25.4 24.0 25.6 25.1 26.1 27.4

10.9 12.5 9.9 10.2 10.1 11.0 8.8 10.1 12.5 14.3 12.3 14.3 10.3 8.6

33.4 33.3 33.4 33.7 33.9 31.1 32.7 29.3 28.5 30.6 28.4 28.8 28.0 29.7

18.5 17.1 19.4 19.0 19.2 17.2 20.6 19.3 17.4 17.0 17.5 16.9 18.1 20.4

11.9 12.4 11.6 12.0 11.8 13.5 10.5 14.7 16.1 14.2 16.2 14.9 17.6 13.9

2.6 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.5 3.3 2.0 3.4 4.3 3.1 4.3 3.9 4.8 3.0

32.6 31.6 33.3 33.2 33.3 32.1 33.8 33.8 32.8 31.8 32.9 31.7 34.2 34.4

91.7 89.2 93.4 91.7 91.9 90.2 99.5 92.7 86.6 92.3 86.2 87.6 84.6 96.6

81.4 76.5 84.8 83.7 83.8 82.8 88.4 83.8 78.3 77.0 78.4 76.5 80.3 87.2

16.0 20.2 13.2 14.2 14.3 13.7 9.6 13.0 16.4 17.8 16.3 17.3 15.3 10.9

2.5 3.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 3.5 2.0 3.2 5.3 5.2 5.3 6.2 4.4 1.9

4 2 2 1 1

914 557 356 823 516 307 533 1 783 1 108 79 1 028 612 416 675

490 779 711 634 416 218 077 254 128 438 690 658 032 126

47.6 40.4 55.5 51.7 53.0 45.3 68.5 55.7 45.2 31.6 46.3 37.0 60.0 72.8

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

7.5 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.8 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.2

25.0 24.5 25.3 24.6 24.4 24.8 25.1 24.0 25.6 25.4 24.8 25.8 25.7 25.0 26.3 25.4 24.6 26.0 26.1 25.9 26.3 25.7 24.6 26.7 26.0 24.9 27.8

10.7 12.0 9.8 10.8 11.7 10.1 10.7 12.4 9.8 10.6 12.3 9.5 11.4 13.4 10.0 11.2 12.9 9.9 10.9 12.4 9.9 12.3 14.8 10.1 12.3 13.9 9.7

34.2 34.2 34.1 34.0 34.3 33.9 35.2 34.7 35.5 33.6 33.9 33.3 32.0 31.8 32.0 32.9 32.8 33.0 31.6 31.8 31.4 31.3 31.0 31.5 31.0 30.4 31.9

18.5 17.2 19.3 18.8 17.7 19.6 18.3 17.0 18.9 18.2 16.6 19.3 18.4 16.9 19.5 18.4 17.0 19.4 18.5 16.9 19.6 18.2 16.6 19.6 18.0 17.1 19.5

11.6 12.1 11.3 11.7 11.9 11.6 10.7 11.9 10.1 12.2 12.4 12.2 12.5 12.9 12.2 12.2 12.7 11.8 12.9 13.1 12.8 12.5 12.9 12.1 12.8 13.7 11.2

2.6 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.5 3.1 3.5 2.4

32.7 31.7 33.3 32.8 32.0 33.4 32.4 31.6 32.8 32.7 31.4 33.5 32.5 31.4 33.4 32.6 31.6 33.4 32.7 31.5 33.6 32.2 30.9 33.3 32.1 31.6 32.9

91.8 90.2 92.9 92.3 90.5 93.6 91.7 90.4 92.3 91.3 89.7 92.4 91.5 87.7 94.5 90.7 87.2 93.5 91.6 87.8 94.4 92.3 88.4 96.0 90.5 86.8 96.9

81.3 76.3 84.4 81.3 77.2 84.2 81.3 74.7 84.5 81.3 76.0 84.6 81.8 76.9 85.5 81.8 76.7 85.5 82.5 78.2 85.5 81.0 75.9 85.5 80.6 76.8 86.5

16.5 20.9 13.7 16.6 20.3 13.8 16.7 22.3 14.0 16.3 20.9 13.4 15.1 19.0 12.0 15.4 19.5 12.3 14.5 18.3 12.0 15.2 19.3 11.6 15.4 18.3 10.7

2.2 2.8 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.4 3.2 2.0 3.2 4.1 2.5 2.8 3.8 2.1 2.9 3.5 2.5 3.8 4.9 2.8 4.0 4.8 2.7

2 1 1 1

938 449 489 609 725 884 490 254 236 839 470 369 552 330 222 935 598 337 026 992 034 533 815 718 058 925 133

50.9 42.4 59.1 51.8 44.6 58.2 51.4 41.6 61.2 49.6 40.6 58.7 43.4 38.1 50.3 45.1 38.4 53.9 47.9 43.2 52.5 38.4 34.5 44.2 39.4 36.6 47.6

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

487 107 589 518 379 783 596 1 210 182 53 975

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

350

761 349 412 157 542 614 624 312 312 979 494 485 2 152 1 208 944 699 394 305 632 309 322 735 440 294 85 62 22

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

1

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of Households and Families: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Percent of all households

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



Family households Married-couple family

Persons per Nonfamily households

Female householder, no husband present

Householder living alone

65 years and over

All households

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

Total

Female

Total

91 947 410

70.2

33.6

55.1

25.6

11.6

6.6

29.8

24.6

14.5

70 59 30 29 10 5 5 21 2 1 17

045 251 147 104 793 169 623 902 676 464 761

167 993 116 877 174 559 615 243 603 016 624

67.7 67.5 62.8 72.4 68.6 67.2 69.9 78.2 71.2 71.0 79.8

32.4 32.1 30.1 34.3 33.6 33.2 34.0 37.5 33.9 33.5 38.3

51.5 51.1 43.6 58.8 53.6 52.0 55.1 66.9 57.6 58.3 69.0

23.7 23.5 19.7 27.4 24.7 24.1 25.2 31.5 26.1 26.4 32.8

12.7 12.8 15.2 10.3 12.0 12.2 11.9 8.2 10.7 9.7 7.6

7.2 7.2 8.8 5.5 7.4 7.6 7.3 4.4 6.3 5.6 4.1

32.3 32.5 37.2 27.6 31.4 32.8 30.1 21.8 28.8 29.0 20.2

26.3 26.2 30.1 22.3 26.9 27.4 26.4 18.9 25.8 26.6 17.2

34 15 19 12 5 6 8 3 5 13 5 7 24 14 9 6 3 3 5 3 2 7 4 2 4 3 1

897 561 335 213 980 233 941 701 239 742 879 863 354 585 768 886 690 195 840 195 644 100 563 537 527 135 392

543 630 913 357 246 111 231 940 291 955 444 511 450 486 964 227 862 365 087 892 195 845 687 158 291 045 246

67.3 61.4 72.0 68.2 62.5 73.7 66.4 59.2 71.5 67.1 61.8 71.0 67.8 64.2 73.1 67.2 62.5 72.6 68.6 64.6 73.4 67.7 64.6 73.2 67.7 65.0 73.9

31.8 29.1 34.1 31.9 29.6 34.1 31.6 27.8 34.3 31.9 29.3 33.9 32.6 31.2 34.7 32.0 29.9 34.5 33.0 31.6 34.8 32.8 31.6 35.0 32.4 31.4 34.6

50.3 40.7 58.0 49.8 40.1 59.1 49.6 38.0 57.8 51.2 42.9 57.3 52.2 46.8 60.3 51.1 43.5 59.9 52.5 46.2 60.0 52.6 48.1 60.6 53.1 49.4 61.2

23.3 18.3 27.3 23.3 18.5 27.8 23.3 17.0 27.7 23.3 19.0 26.5 23.8 21.2 27.8 23.2 19.3 27.8 24.0 21.0 27.6 24.3 22.1 28.1 23.8 22.2 27.4

13.1 16.3 10.5 13.9 17.2 10.7 13.0 16.8 10.3 12.4 14.9 10.5 12.4 14.0 9.9 12.9 15.5 9.8 12.9 14.9 10.4 12.0 13.2 9.7 11.7 12.6 9.8

7.0 9.0 5.5 7.1 9.2 5.0 6.9 9.2 5.3 7.1 8.7 5.9 7.4 8.5 5.6 7.5 9.2 5.5 7.6 9.1 5.9 7.2 8.1 5.5 7.2 7.8 5.8

32.7 38.6 28.0 31.8 37.5 26.3 33.6 40.8 28.5 32.9 38.2 29.0 32.2 35.8 26.9 32.8 37.5 27.4 31.4 35.4 26.6 32.3 35.4 26.8 32.3 35.0 26.1

71 29 41 32 29 3 9 20 7

265 793 471 340 201 139 130 682 938 575 363 735 628 743

264 822 442 947 839 108 495 146 898 362 536 404 132 248

69.3 62.7 74.1 72.4 72.4 72.4 80.2 73.0 67.1 67.2 67.0 65.9 68.2 76.7

33.2 30.0 35.6 34.6 34.4 36.4 39.1 34.8 32.3 31.1 32.4 32.2 32.7 36.3

53.8 43.5 61.1 58.7 58.8 58.1 69.6 59.9 51.9 53.1 51.8 50.7 53.0 64.9

25.0 19.6 28.9 27.5 27.5 28.0 33.7 27.4 23.3 23.0 23.3 23.0 23.6 30.0

12.1 15.2 9.8 10.4 10.3 11.1 7.5 10.0 12.3 11.3 12.4 12.3 12.4 8.6

6.8 8.8 5.3 5.7 5.5 6.8 4.0 5.9 7.6 6.9 7.7 7.8 7.6 4.8

957 366 590 913 179 734 848 059 788 195 127 067 307 427 880 345 069 275 944 352 591 224 498 725 793 505 287

542 553 989 934 362 572 591 898 693 017 293 724 722 269 453 825 887 938 081 818 263 474 653 821 342 911 431

68.7 61.7 73.4 68.8 62.6 73.5 68.4 59.6 73.0 68.9 61.9 73.6 70.5 64.2 75.6 69.9 63.2 75.1 71.4 65.4 75.8 70.3 64.1 76.1 69.4 64.9 77.4

32.8 29.3 35.2 32.4 29.6 34.5 33.3 28.1 35.9 33.0 29.8 35.2 34.0 31.1 36.4 33.5 30.1 36.2 34.3 32.1 35.9 34.2 31.3 37.0 34.6 31.9 39.3

52.6 41.4 60.0 51.6 41.0 59.6 52.5 39.2 59.5 53.9 43.3 61.0 55.9 47.0 63.2 54.7 44.6 62.4 56.9 48.0 63.4 56.5 48.4 64.0 56.2 50.1 66.9

24.6 18.7 28.5 24.2 18.9 28.2 25.0 17.2 29.0 24.8 19.3 28.5 25.8 21.2 29.6 25.2 19.7 29.5 26.0 21.8 29.1 26.2 22.0 30.2 26.7 22.9 33.3

12.4 16.0 10.0 13.0 16.7 10.2 12.3 16.2 10.3 11.8 15.0 9.6 11.4 14.0 9.4 12.0 15.1 9.6 11.4 14.1 9.4 10.8 12.7 9.1 10.5 12.1 7.8

6.8 9.0 5.3 6.7 8.9 5.0 6.9 9.3 5.6 6.8 8.9 5.4 6.7 8.5 5.3 6.9 8.9 5.3 6.8 8.7 5.3 6.6 7.9 5.3 6.6 7.7 4.6

Female

Householder 65 years and over

Household

Family

9.6

7.5

21.7

2.63

3.16

15.8 15.5 17.5 13.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 10.6 16.9 17.1 9.2

9.8 9.3 10.2 8.2 13.1 12.4 13.7 8.8 14.2 15.5 7.5

7.8 7.3 8.0 6.6 10.7 10.1 11.1 6.6 11.4 12.3 5.4

21.5 20.6 21.2 20.0 26.5 25.0 27.8 22.5 29.0 31.3 20.8

2.59 2.60 2.53 2.68 2.54 2.52 2.56 2.76 2.57 2.56 2.81

3.16 3.17 3.19 3.16 3.10 3.09 3.10 3.16 3.10 3.11 3.17

26.3 31.2 22.4 26.0 30.9 21.2 26.8 32.9 22.6 26.3 30.4 23.3 26.1 28.9 22.0 26.7 30.4 22.5 25.9 29.0 22.0 25.8 28.2 21.6 26.1 28.0 21.7

15.4 17.7 13.4 15.3 17.8 12.8 15.4 18.2 13.4 15.4 17.4 14.0 15.6 17.2 13.4 15.7 17.5 13.7 15.5 17.2 13.4 15.4 16.9 12.9 16.0 17.2 13.4

8.9 10.1 8.0 9.2 10.2 8.2 8.2 9.4 7.5 9.2 10.4 8.3 9.7 10.4 8.6 9.3 10.0 8.5 9.6 10.4 8.6 9.6 10.3 8.3 10.6 11.1 9.4

7.0 7.7 6.4 7.1 7.7 6.5 6.4 7.1 6.0 7.3 8.1 6.7 7.7 8.3 6.9 7.4 7.8 6.8 7.6 8.3 6.9 7.7 8.3 6.6 8.6 9.0 7.5

20.0 20.7 19.4 20.5 20.8 20.2 18.5 19.6 17.7 20.5 21.4 19.8 21.4 21.6 21.1 20.8 20.8 20.7 21.4 21.6 21.2 21.0 21.4 20.3 23.1 23.0 23.4

2.64 2.56 2.70 2.75 2.66 2.83 2.60 2.50 2.68 2.56 2.50 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.63 2.54 2.46 2.63 2.57 2.52 2.64 2.56 2.51 2.64 2.52 2.48 2.61

3.22 3.27 3.19 3.34 3.38 3.31 3.20 3.25 3.17 3.13 3.17 3.10 3.11 3.11 3.10 3.12 3.12 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.11 3.10 3.11 3.10 3.06 3.06 3.06

30.7 37.3 25.9 27.6 27.6 27.6 19.8 27.0 32.9 32.8 33.0 34.1 31.8 23.3

24.9 30.2 21.1 22.3 22.2 23.2 16.5 23.5 28.2 25.6 28.4 28.5 28.3 20.6

14.6 17.5 12.5 13.5 13.4 14.7 9.0 14.3 18.3 15.4 18.5 18.2 18.9 11.8

9.0 10.3 8.1 8.5 8.2 11.0 6.9 11.5 13.7 10.1 14.0 12.9 15.1 10.2

7.1 8.0 6.4 6.8 6.6 8.9 5.1 9.0 11.2 8.0 11.4 10.6 12.3 7.7

20.5 21.2 20.0 20.3 19.9 23.8 19.0 25.9 27.4 23.8 27.7 25.7 29.7 25.0

2.64 2.53 2.71 2.68 2.68 2.67 2.84 2.62 2.49 2.50 2.49 2.48 2.49 2.70

3.18 3.19 3.17 3.16 3.16 3.16 3.19 3.11 3.07 3.03 3.07 3.07 3.07 3.13

31.3 38.3 26.6 31.2 37.4 26.5 31.6 40.4 27.0 31.1 38.1 26.4 29.5 35.8 24.4 30.1 36.8 24.9 28.6 34.6 24.2 29.7 35.9 23.9 30.6 35.1 22.6

25.2 30.9 21.4 25.1 30.3 21.2 25.3 32.6 21.5 25.2 30.4 21.6 24.3 29.1 20.4 24.8 30.0 20.8 23.6 28.3 20.2 24.3 28.7 20.1 25.3 28.8 19.1

14.7 17.6 12.7 14.7 17.5 12.6 14.5 18.1 12.6 14.9 17.5 13.1 14.5 17.3 12.1 14.6 17.6 12.3 14.1 16.9 12.1 14.5 17.3 11.9 15.3 17.8 10.9

8.8 10.1 7.9 9.0 10.2 8.0 8.0 9.7 7.2 9.2 10.2 8.5 9.4 10.6 8.5 9.1 10.2 8.2 9.6 10.7 8.7 9.7 10.7 8.7 10.4 11.6 8.2

6.9 7.8 6.3 7.0 7.8 6.3 6.3 7.4 5.7 7.2 8.0 6.7 7.5 8.5 6.7 7.2 8.1 6.5 7.5 8.6 6.8 7.7 8.7 6.8 8.3 9.5 6.3

19.9 20.7 19.4 20.4 21.0 19.9 18.1 19.9 17.2 20.7 20.9 20.6 21.6 21.9 21.2 20.7 21.4 20.3 22.4 22.5 22.3 21.7 21.9 21.5 22.0 23.1 20.0

2.65 2.55 2.72 2.73 2.65 2.79 2.62 2.47 2.70 2.58 2.48 2.66 2.60 2.48 2.70 2.59 2.47 2.68 2.63 2.53 2.71 2.58 2.46 2.70 2.56 2.45 2.74

3.21 3.25 3.19 3.30 3.36 3.26 3.18 3.19 3.17 3.12 3.13 3.12 3.12 3.10 3.13 3.12 3.11 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.10 3.06 3.12 3.09 3.05 3.15

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

7 3 3 12

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

2

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

45 18 27 18 8 10 11 4 7 15 6 9 25 11 13 9 4 5 7 3 4 7 3 3

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

351

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place

Rural

Inside urbanized area

United States

Outside urbanized area

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

487 279 444 534 906 519 109 689 042 768 071 189 825 574 323 086 433 208 132 433 626 968 201 873 014 676 507 568 647 082 204 871 490 997 862 900 314 796 621 541

158 258 878 119 359 248 23 533 536 768 135 740 310 14 647 13 178 6 507 391 6 248 838 1 556 372 1 240 840 719 257 738 855 718 748 578 567 141 335 80 909 129 808 79 399 264 748 11 223 5 750 26 340 10 194 1 797 75 431 9 903 124 110 258 553 126 569 54 437 42 449 35 098 15 257 661 796 1 073 6 506 10 805 8 090 568

78 847 406 52 192 735 17 308 291 468 915 449 290 11 065 8 560 3 421 439 3 294 837 880 564 630 593 346 461 327 210 332 749 320 820 109 281 70 731 93 323 38 854 144 251 8 284 2 570 12 569 7 093 865 38 715 4 944 69 211 126 602 60 926 27 217 21 927 16 532 6 545 330 371 630 2 861 5 795 5 456 026

79 411 472 67 166 513 6 225 245 299 220 291 020 3 582 4 618 3 085 952 2 954 001 675 808 610 247 372 796 411 645 385 999 257 747 32 054 10 178 36 485 40 545 120 497 2 939 3 180 13 771 3 101 932 36 716 4 959 54 899 131 951 65 643 27 220 20 522 18 566 8 712 331 425 443 3 645 5 010 2 634 542

28 794 609 24 448 031 2 619 908 332 399 317 596 11 872 2 931 427 298 359 204 49 396 95 231 73 932 37 970 35 826 18 756 3 751 6 524 12 400 5 733 19 685 403 218 1 861 1 679 217 3 245 604 11 458 68 094 54 513 5 767 3 422 4 392 1 740 201 104 241 290 1 816 966 973

13 825 022 11 562 503 1 366 724 134 735 131 874 2 019 842 227 888 206 403 31 979 44 581 42 259 23 526 21 766 11 939 2 553 4 795 7 368 3 263 12 374 309 138 1 416 1 321 87 2 245 414 6 444 21 485 16 112 1 718 1 932 1 723 484 30 61 165 104 879 533 172

14 969 587 12 885 528 1 253 184 197 664 185 722 9 853 2 089 199 410 152 801 17 417 50 650 31 673 14 444 14 060 6 817 1 198 1 729 5 032 2 470 7 311 94 80 445 358 130 1 000 190 5 014 46 609 38 401 4 049 1 490 2 669 1 256 171 43 76 186 937 433 801

61 656 386 55 878 791 3 832 616 858 700 820 379 30 633 7 688 338 973 300 596 39 704 70 699 54 373 38 622 44 275 17 224 2 325 2 649 6 806 6 143 17 776 212 209 1 051 370 233 2 695 463 12 543 38 377 29 932 2 760 3 474 2 211 609 82 60 125 240 1 095 747 306

7 050 858 6 299 526 447 585 108 037 105 989 1 083 965 65 784 53 455 4 404 18 728 13 740 3 855 4 564 3 166 526 269 1 501 685 2 017 17 10 123 45 54 259 26 1 483 12 329 10 743 606 450 530 245 27 4 15 43 196 129 926

3 801 051 3 402 922 205 368 140 600 110 786 25 583 4 231 17 286 13 650 1 034 4 940 3 340 624 1 741 532 74 36 394 294 641 4 6 25 24 16 88 3 475 3 636 3 190 145 129 172 46 14 12 4 12 84 34 875

50 804 477 46 176 343 3 179 663 610 063 603 604 3 967 2 492 255 903 233 491 34 266 47 031 37 293 34 143 37 970 13 526 1 725 2 344 4 911 5 164 15 118 191 193 903 301 163 2 348 434 10 585 22 412 15 999 2 009 2 895 1 509 318 41 44 106 185 815 582 505

61 656 386 1 927 831 1 436 789 103 344 30 159 357 539 59 728 555

7 050 318 249 12 2 53 6 732

3 801 89 65 2

051 028 531 729 489 20 279 3 712 023

50 804 477 1 520 767 1 121 538 88 422 27 068 283 739 49 283 710

61 55 1 54 3

386 791 893 898 616 117 499 700 685 015 973 156 817 306 980 326

7 050 858 6 299 526 179 840 6 119 686 447 585 3 083 444 502 108 037 3 964 104 073 65 784 4 481 61 303 129 926 126 668 3 258

3 801 051 3 402 922 50 282 3 352 640 205 368 980 204 388 140 600 2 436 138 164 17 286 1 336 15 950 34 875 33 994 881

50 804 477 46 176 343 895 771 45 280 572 3 179 663 27 054 3 152 609 610 063 21 285 588 778 255 903 12 339 243 564 582 505 564 318 18 187

RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

248 199 29 1 1 7 6 1 1

709 686 986 959 878 57 23 273 908 645 406 847 815 798 614 147 90 149 91 302 11 6 29 12 2 81 10 148 365 211 62 49 41 17

1 7 13 9 804

873 070 060 234 285 152 797 662 638 472 770 562 447 849 547 411 082 014 275 209 838 177 252 243 247 371 970 111 024 014 964 345 701 606 944 960 439 036 716 847

187 143 26 1 1 6 6 1 1

053 807 153 100 057 26 16 934 608 605 336 793 776 754 597 145 87 142 85 284 11 5 28 11 2 78 10 135 326 181 60 45 39 16

1 6 12 9 057

HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

248 22 13 2 1 5 226

709 354 495 727 043 086 355

873 059 938 754 932 435 814

187 20 12 2 1 4 166

053 426 059 624 013 728 627

487 228 149 410 773 896 259

158 18 10 2

258 355 410 532 993 4 419 139 902

878 980 737 294 592 357 898

78 11 6 1

847 671 536 925 489 2 720 67 175

406 728 458 468 602 200 678

79 411 472 6 684 252 3 874 279 606 826 503 990 1 699 157 72 727 220

28 794 609 2 070 248 1 648 412 92 116 20 181 309 539 26 724 361

13 825 022 1 102 447 892 330 49 662 11 280 149 175 12 722 575

14 969 967 756 42 8 160 14 001

587 801 082 454 901 364 786

248 199 11 188 29

709 686 557 128 986 769 216 959 165 793 273 305 968 804 555 249

873 070 774 296 060 767 293 234 461 773 662 303 359 847 754 093

187 143 10 133 26

053 807 431 375 153 738 414 100 137 962 934 287 647 057 830 226

487 279 881 398 444 650 794 534 776 758 689 147 542 541 774 767

158 119 9 109 23

878 248 738 510 536 285 251 135 612 523 391 830 561 568 515 053

78 52 5 46 17

406 735 158 577 291 256 035 915 863 052 439 524 915 026 927 099

79 67 3 63 6

28 24 1 23 2

609 031 143 888 908 365 543 399 164 235 298 317 981 973 259 714

13 825 022 11 562 503 541 821 11 020 682 1 366 724 17 128 1 349 596 134 735 10 196 124 539 227 888 11 627 216 261 533 172 521 675 11 497

14 969 587 12 885 528 506 322 12 379 206 1 253 184 12 237 1 240 947 197 664 9 968 187 696 199 410 14 690 184 720 433 801 424 584 9 217

858 036 720 193 602 521 822

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

29 1 1 7 6 9 9

25 1 6 6 9 8

22

6 6 8 7

258 359 383 975 533 709 824 768 117 650 507 260 246 090 884 206

16

3 3 5 5

847 192 573 619 308 549 759 468 74 394 421 152 268 456 321 134

6

3 2 2 2

411 166 810 355 225 160 065 299 42 256 085 108 977 634 562 71

472 513 580 933 245 029 216 220 749 471 952 306 646 542 588 954

794 448 048 399 619 29 2 590 332 20 312 427 26 400 966 946 20

656 878 125 752 832 31 3 801 858 27 831 338 18 320 747 724 22

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 80.3 12.1 .8 .8 2.9 2.8 .1 3.9

100.0 76.9 14.0 .6 .6 3.7 3.5 .2 4.8

100.0 75.4 14.9 .5 .5 4.1 3.9 .2 5.1

100.0 66.2 22.0 .6 .6 4.3 4.2 .2 6.9

100.0 84.6 7.8 .4 .4 3.9 3.7 .2 3.3

100.0 84.9 9.1 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.2 .2 3.4

100.0 83.6 9.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.5 .2 3.9

100.0 86.1 8.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 .3 2.9

100.0 90.6 6.2 1.4 1.3 .5 .5 .1 1.2

100.0 89.3 6.3 1.5 1.5 .9 .8 .2 1.8

100.0 89.5 5.4 3.7 2.9 .5 .4 .1 .9

100.0 90.9 6.3 1.2 1.2 .5 .5 – 1.1

100.0 9.0 5.4 1.1 .4 2.0 91.0

100.0 10.9 6.4 1.4 .5 2.5 89.1

100.0 11.6 6.6 1.6 .6 2.8 88.4

100.0 14.8 8.3 2.4 .6 3.4 85.2

100.0 8.4 4.9 .8 .6 2.1 91.6

100.0 7.2 5.7 .3 .1 1.1 92.8

100.0 8.0 6.5 .4 .1 1.1 92.0

100.0 6.5 5.1 .3 .1 1.1 93.5

100.0 3.1 2.3 .2 – .6 96.9

100.0 4.5 3.5 .2 – .8 95.5

100.0 2.3 1.7 .1 – .5 97.7

100.0 3.0 2.2 .2 .1 .6 97.0

100.0 80.3 75.6

100.0 76.9 71.3

100.0 75.4 69.5

100.0 66.2 59.1

100.0 84.6 79.8

100.0 84.9 81.3

100.0 83.6 79.7

100.0 86.1 82.7

100.0 90.6 88.8

100.0 89.3 86.8

100.0 89.5 88.2

100.0 90.9 89.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

352

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

3

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 4. Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] 1,000,000 or more

United States Population Size Class of Urbanized Area

Total

5,000,000 or more

2,500,000 to 4,999,999

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

94 016 294 67 356 421 15 387 703 389 044 376 436 5 287 7 321 4 815 262 4 690 667 1 291 020 947 328 423 399 576 479 559 784 449 998 88 905 32 690 67 756 57 947 195 361 9 509 4 890 20 480 5 430 566 62 260 7 289 84 937 124 595 39 373 34 900 28 337 21 985 9 133 350 476 502 5 171 6 353 6 067 864

41 010 559 23 700 299 10 879 622 207 148 200 534 2 833 3 781 2 347 588 2 292 906 700 925 464 595 167 971 234 136 239 195 228 372 62 927 28 460 41 873 26 305 98 147 7 162 2 024 8 294 3 048 242 30 827 3 229 43 321 54 682 15 713 16 234 14 486 8 249 2 936 139 216 227 1 795 2 936 3 875 902

53 005 735 43 656 122 4 508 081 181 896 175 902 2 454 3 540 2 467 674 2 397 761 590 095 482 733 255 428 342 343 320 589 221 626 25 978 4 230 25 883 31 642 97 214 2 347 2 866 12 186 2 382 324 31 433 4 060 41 616 69 913 23 660 18 666 13 851 13 736 6 197 211 260 275 3 376 3 417 2 191 962

34 239 045 22 461 002 5 705 341 113 011 108 743 1 727 2 541 2 297 774 2 253 151 643 103 411 930 223 087 306 550 332 676 159 201 37 535 1 175 8 909 32 292 96 693 6 910 2 228 10 766 2 116 214 35 455 3 848 35 156 44 623 13 284 15 845 9 939 5 555 2 361 144 102 91 716 2 141 3 661 917

16 304 119 8 468 435 4 293 698 62 270 59 657 1 076 1 537 1 143 533 1 123 408 349 528 205 914 81 198 147 355 169 550 60 633 29 885 830 5 089 16 857 56 569 6 048 959 4 101 1 367 100 21 621 1 980 20 393 20 125 5 286 6 819 5 981 2 039 648 60 51 36 399 845 2 336 183

17 934 926 13 992 567 1 411 643 50 741 49 086 651 1 004 1 154 241 1 129 743 293 575 206 016 141 889 159 195 163 126 98 568 7 650 345 3 820 15 435 40 124 862 1 269 6 665 749 114 13 834 1 868 14 763 24 498 7 998 9 026 3 958 3 516 1 713 84 51 55 317 1 296 1 325 734

23 787 767 16 834 101 4 536 123 79 264 76 681 1 098 1 485 1 270 383 1 238 795 411 207 251 025 77 316 153 422 112 307 124 816 23 858 1 795 18 637 11 862 52 550 1 836 1 907 4 465 1 596 111 17 113 1 847 23 675 31 588 9 364 7 187 6 088 8 949 4 335 99 118 121 2 591 1 685 1 067 896

9 541 204 4 983 496 3 267 559 34 199 33 082 497 620 548 749 538 716 228 582 92 629 28 901 43 198 31 646 62 806 15 180 1 546 9 598 4 176 20 454 747 739 1 675 799 37 5 858 550 10 049 10 033 2 901 3 000 2 390 1 742 806 31 26 22 243 614 707 201

14 246 563 11 850 605 1 268 564 45 065 43 599 601 865 721 634 700 079 182 625 158 396 48 415 110 224 80 661 62 010 8 678 249 9 039 7 686 32 096 1 089 1 168 2 790 797 74 11 255 1 297 13 626 21 555 6 463 4 187 3 698 7 207 3 529 68 92 99 2 348 1 071 360 695

RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

94 13 7 1

016 600 225 895 904 3 574 80 416

294 190 591 981 594 024 104

010 108 062 455 443 2 147 32 902

559 012 035 320 160 497 547

53 005 735 5 492 178 3 163 556 440 661 461 434 1 426 527 47 513 557

239 469 719 423 219 2 108 26 769

045 886 577 187 051 071 159

304 558 824 184 106 1 442 11 745

119 322 422 400 754 746 797

17 934 926 2 911 564 1 895 155 238 787 112 297 665 325 15 023 362

23 787 767 2 189 445 1 295 728 224 203 37 673 631 841 21 598 322

9 541 204 1 286 752 804 860 153 383 17 363 311 146 8 254 452

14 246 902 490 70 20 320 13 343

94 67 6 60 15

294 421 818 603 703 105 598 044 625 419 262 558 704 864 084 780

41 23 3 19 10

559 299 498 801 622 741 881 148 625 523 588 975 613 902 173 729

53 43 3 40 4

34 22 3 19 5

045 002 900 102 341 841 500 011 040 971 774 213 561 917 892 025

16 8 1 6 4

119 435 823 612 698 902 796 270 797 473 533 267 266 183 533 650

17 13 1 12 1

23 16 1 15 4

767 101 506 595 123 746 377 264 221 043 383 144 239 896 828 068

9 541 204 4 983 496 513 831 4 469 665 3 267 559 60 786 3 206 773 34 199 6 666 27 533 548 749 18 359 530 390 707 201 687 110 20 091

14 246 563 11 850 605 504 675 11 345 930 1 268 564 24 960 1 243 604 45 065 5 555 39 510 721 634 20 785 700 849 360 695 346 718 13 977

41 8 4 1

34 7 3 1

16 4 1 1

563 693 868 820 310 695 870

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

14

4 4 6 5

016 356 818 537 387 581 806 389 77 311 815 188 626 067 934 133

10

2 2 3 3

010 700 708 991 879 450 428 207 45 161 347 107 239 875 795 80

4

2 2 2 2

005 656 110 545 508 130 377 181 32 149 467 80 387 191 138 53

735 122 320 802 081 364 717 896 000 896 674 583 091 962 911 051

5

2 2 3 3

239 461 340 120 705 397 307 113 36 76 297 96 201 661 598 63

3

1 1 2 2

304 468 848 619 293 332 960 62 21 40 143 59 084 336 295 40

1

1 1 1 1

934 992 492 500 411 64 346 50 14 36 154 36 117 325 303 22

926 567 077 490 643 939 704 741 243 498 241 946 295 734 359 375

4

1 1 1 1

787 834 018 815 536 85 450 79 12 67 270 39 231 067 033 34

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 71.6 16.4 .4 .4 5.1 5.0 .1 6.5

100.0 57.8 26.5 .5 .5 5.7 5.6 .1 9.5

100.0 82.4 8.5 .3 .3 4.7 4.5 .1 4.1

100.0 65.6 16.7 .3 .3 6.7 6.6 .1 10.7

100.0 51.9 26.3 .4 .4 7.0 6.9 .1 14.3

100.0 78.0 7.9 .3 .3 6.4 6.3 .1 7.4

100.0 70.8 19.1 .3 .3 5.3 5.2 .1 4.5

100.0 52.2 34.2 .4 .3 5.8 5.6 .1 7.4

100.0 83.2 8.9 .3 .3 5.1 4.9 .2 2.5

100.0 14.5 7.7 2.0 1.0 3.8 85.5

100.0 19.8 9.9 3.5 1.1 5.2 80.2

100.0 10.4 6.0 .8 .9 2.7 89.6

100.0 21.8 10.9 4.2 .6 6.2 78.2

100.0 28.0 11.2 7.3 .7 8.8 72.0

100.0 16.2 10.6 1.3 .6 3.7 83.8

100.0 9.2 5.4 .9 .2 2.7 90.8

100.0 13.5 8.4 1.6 .2 3.3 86.5

100.0 6.3 3.4 .5 .1 2.3 93.7

100.0 71.6 64.4

100.0 57.8 48.7

100.0 82.4 76.5

100.0 65.6 55.8

100.0 51.9 40.6

100.0 78.0 69.7

100.0 70.8 66.5

100.0 52.2 46.8

100.0 83.2 79.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

4

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

353

Section Five: Census Data

Table 4.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] 1,000,000 or more

United States Population Size Class of Urbanized Area

Con.

Less than 1,000,000

1,000,000 to 2,499,999

Total

500,000 to 999,999

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

35 989 482 28 061 318 5 146 239 196 769 191 012 2 462 3 295 1 247 105 1 198 721 236 710 284 373 122 996 116 507 114 801 165 981 27 512 29 720 40 210 13 793 46 118 763 755 5 249 1 718 241 9 692 1 594 26 106 48 384 16 725 11 868 12 310 7 481 2 437 107 256 290 1 864 2 527 1 338 051

15 165 236 10 248 368 3 318 365 110 679 107 795 1 260 1 624 655 306 630 782 122 815 166 052 57 872 43 583 37 999 104 933 17 862 26 084 27 186 5 272 21 124 367 326 2 518 882 105 3 348 699 12 879 24 524 7 526 6 415 6 115 4 468 1 482 48 139 169 1 153 1 477 832 518

20 824 246 17 812 950 1 827 874 86 090 83 217 1 202 1 671 591 799 567 939 113 895 118 321 65 124 72 924 76 802 61 048 9 650 3 636 13 024 8 521 24 994 396 429 2 731 836 136 6 344 895 13 227 23 860 9 199 5 453 6 195 3 013 955 59 117 121 711 1 050 505 533

64 242 584 52 002 827 8 145 833 379 091 363 874 9 360 5 857 1 692 129 1 558 171 265 352 293 512 295 858 162 376 158 964 128 569 52 430 48 219 62 052 21 452 69 387 1 714 860 5 860 4 764 1 231 13 171 2 614 39 173 133 958 87 196 19 537 14 112 13 113 6 124 311 320 571 1 335 4 452 2 022 704

37 836 847 28 492 436 6 428 669 261 767 248 756 8 232 4 779 1 073 851 1 001 931 179 639 165 998 178 490 93 074 93 554 92 448 46 354 42 271 51 450 12 549 46 104 1 122 546 4 275 4 045 623 7 888 1 715 25 890 71 920 45 213 10 983 7 441 8 283 3 609 191 155 403 1 066 2 859 1 580 124

26 405 737 23 510 391 1 717 164 117 324 115 118 1 128 1 078 618 278 556 240 85 713 127 514 117 368 69 302 65 410 36 121 6 076 5 948 10 602 8 903 23 283 592 314 1 585 719 608 5 283 899 13 283 62 038 41 983 8 554 6 671 4 830 2 515 120 165 168 269 1 593 442 580

17 955 916 14 060 661 2 594 678 95 114 93 645 698 771 698 114 622 430 110 246 136 589 189 544 45 113 53 369 35 559 11 106 1 378 13 512 6 641 19 373 615 183 1 430 1 268 838 3 809 758 10 472 75 684 52 814 12 065 3 353 7 452 4 591 195 115 287 161 2 103 507 349

9 403 669 6 435 430 2 108 473 59 119 58 196 436 487 410 967 367 313 74 889 65 143 118 719 20 210 31 084 22 623 8 491 1 256 10 187 3 283 11 428 354 101 1 009 1 035 472 1 756 437 6 264 43 654 30 919 6 759 1 711 4 265 2 482 129 55 226 98 1 275 389 680

8 552 247 7 625 231 486 205 35 995 35 449 262 284 287 147 255 117 35 357 71 446 70 825 24 903 22 285 12 936 2 615 122 3 325 3 358 7 945 261 82 421 233 366 2 053 321 4 208 32 030 21 895 5 306 1 642 3 187 2 109 66 60 61 63 828 117 669

35 989 482 3 940 859 2 210 286 248 591 647 870 834 112 32 048 623

15 165 236 2 262 938 1 432 753 117 537 319 043 393 605 12 902 298

20 824 246 1 677 921 777 533 131 054 328 827 440 507 19 146 325

64 242 584 4 755 790 3 185 146 636 313 88 998 845 333 59 486 794

37 836 847 3 563 716 2 474 423 470 148 46 442 572 703 34 273 131

26 405 737 1 192 074 710 723 166 165 42 556 272 630 25 213 663

17 955 916 1 284 790 790 503 229 488 42 004 222 795 16 671 126

9 403 923 627 152 17 125 8 480

8 552 361 163 76 24 97 8 190

35 28 2 25 5

15 10 1 8 3

20 17 1 16 1

64 52 2 49 8

37 28 1 26 6

847 436 660 776 669 515 154 767 238 529 851 549 302 124 754 370

26 405 737 23 510 391 700 260 22 810 131 1 717 164 29 665 1 687 499 117 324 10 749 106 575 618 278 27 723 590 555 442 580 423 677 18 903

17 955 916 14 060 661 720 186 13 340 475 2 594 678 40 391 2 554 287 95 114 9 915 85 199 698 114 28 366 669 748 507 349 485 932 21 417

9 403 669 6 435 430 496 513 5 938 917 2 108 473 30 060 2 078 413 59 119 6 829 52 290 410 967 14 750 396 217 389 680 375 299 14 381

8 552 247 7 625 231 223 673 7 401 558 486 205 10 331 475 874 35 995 3 086 32 909 287 147 13 616 273 531 117 669 110 633 7 036

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

669 451 345 780 757 569 218

247 339 158 708 247 226 908

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

5

1 1 1 1

989 061 459 601 146 97 048 196 29 167 247 53 193 338 301 36

482 318 412 906 239 518 721 769 364 405 105 201 904 051 364 687

165 248 345 902 318 57 3 261 110 17 93 655 30 624 832 812 19

236 368 844 524 365 053 312 679 162 517 306 349 957 518 530 988

824 812 113 699 827 40 1 787 86 12 73 591 22 568 505 488 16

246 950 568 382 874 465 409 090 202 888 799 852 947 533 834 699

8

1 1 2 1

242 002 564 437 145 128 017 379 39 339 692 72 619 022 950 72

584 827 920 907 833 180 653 091 987 104 129 272 857 704 431 273

6

1 1 1 1

836 492 864 627 428 98 330 261 29 232 073 44 029 580 526 53

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 78.0 14.3 .5 .5 3.5 3.3 .1 3.7

100.0 67.6 21.9 .7 .7 4.3 4.2 .2 5.5

100.0 85.5 8.8 .4 .4 2.8 2.7 .1 2.4

100.0 80.9 12.7 .6 .6 2.6 2.4 .2 3.1

100.0 75.3 17.0 .7 .7 2.8 2.6 .2 4.2

100.0 89.0 6.5 .4 .4 2.3 2.1 .2 1.7

100.0 78.3 14.5 .5 .5 3.9 3.5 .4 2.8

100.0 68.4 22.4 .6 .6 4.4 3.9 .5 4.1

100.0 89.2 5.7 .4 .4 3.4 3.0 .4 1.4

100.0 11.0 6.1 .7 1.8 2.3 89.0

100.0 14.9 9.4 .8 2.1 2.6 85.1

100.0 8.1 3.7 .6 1.6 2.1 91.9

100.0 7.4 5.0 1.0 .1 1.3 92.6

100.0 9.4 6.5 1.2 .1 1.5 90.6

100.0 4.5 2.7 .6 .2 1.0 95.5

100.0 7.2 4.4 1.3 .2 1.2 92.8

100.0 9.8 6.7 1.6 .2 1.3 90.2

100.0 4.2 1.9 .9 .3 1.1 95.8

100.0 78.0 71.1

100.0 67.6 58.7

100.0 85.5 80.2

100.0 80.9 77.0

100.0 75.3 70.4

100.0 89.0 86.4

100.0 78.3 74.3

100.0 68.4 63.2

100.0 89.2 86.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

354

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

5

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 4.

Section Five: Census Data

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Less than 1,000,000

United States Population Size Class of Urbanized Area

250,000 to 499,999

Con.

100,000 to 249,999

Less than 100,000

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

15 470 005 12 264 139 2 166 471 105 896 104 063 970 863 352 353 340 085 49 783 56 123 28 835 41 718 36 214 39 726 21 312 24 015 19 878 4 943 17 538 375 249 1 403 1 039 83 3 482 531 10 376 12 268 4 908 2 760 3 344 1 256 236 23 82 97 153 665 581 146

8 327 127 5 969 730 1 614 142 71 368 70 253 582 533 232 973 226 434 30 701 35 122 16 098 21 932 17 151 30 917 20 221 22 136 18 267 2 808 11 081 251 156 923 831 37 1 953 298 6 632 6 539 2 602 1 597 1 553 787 131 14 25 64 130 423 438 914

7 142 878 6 294 409 552 329 34 528 33 810 388 330 119 380 113 651 19 082 21 001 12 737 19 786 19 063 8 809 1 091 1 879 1 611 2 135 6 457 124 93 480 208 46 1 529 233 3 744 5 729 2 306 1 163 1 791 469 105 9 57 33 23 242 142 232

18 879 599 15 534 992 2 218 683 100 675 90 212 7 001 3 462 433 880 395 642 70 330 70 345 56 721 48 857 46 966 38 250 16 031 5 062 15 926 6 399 20 755 468 267 2 100 1 528 251 3 632 840 11 669 38 238 26 062 3 721 4 895 3 560 1 183 82 88 136 917 1 154 591 369

11 928 889 9 346 512 1 762 876 72 491 62 623 6 693 3 175 274 240 257 882 46 305 44 137 27 909 32 411 29 472 27 211 14 548 4 283 12 870 4 065 14 671 328 183 1 599 1 338 76 2 474 651 8 022 16 358 9 199 2 040 2 501 2 618 920 38 52 75 771 762 472 770

6 950 710 6 188 480 455 807 28 184 27 589 308 287 159 640 137 760 24 025 26 208 28 812 16 446 17 494 11 039 1 483 779 3 056 2 334 6 084 140 84 501 190 175 1 158 189 3 647 21 880 16 863 1 681 2 394 942 263 44 36 61 146 392 118 599

11 937 064 10 143 035 1 166 001 77 406 75 954 691 761 207 782 200 014 34 993 30 455 20 758 26 688 22 415 15 034 3 981 17 764 12 736 3 469 11 721 256 161 927 929 59 2 248 485 6 656 7 768 3 412 991 2 520 845 114 11 35 51 104 530 342 840

8 177 162 6 740 764 943 178 58 789 57 684 521 584 155 671 150 302 27 744 21 596 15 764 18 521 15 847 11 697 3 094 14 596 10 126 2 393 8 924 189 106 744 841 38 1 705 329 4 972 5 369 2 493 587 1 676 613 76 10 23 38 67 399 278 760

3 759 902 3 402 271 222 823 18 617 18 270 170 177 52 111 49 712 7 249 8 859 4 994 8 167 6 568 3 337 887 3 168 2 610 1 076 2 797 67 55 183 88 21 543 156 1 684 2 399 919 404 844 232 38 1 12 13 37 131 64 080

15 470 005 1 344 597 929 689 155 341 16 313 243 254 14 125 408

8 327 982 685 122 9 164 7 344

7 142 361 243 32 6 78 6 781

878 835 843 601 981 410 043

18 879 599 1 348 272 895 683 185 741 20 094 246 754 17 531 327

11 928 889 1 049 745 709 613 145 144 13 320 181 668 10 879 144

6 950 298 186 40 6 65 6 652

11 937 778 569 65 10 132 11 158

8 177 607 451 49 6 100 7 569

3 759 170 117 16 4 31 3 589

15 470 005 12 264 139 719 701 11 544 438 2 166 471 31 717 2 134 754 105 896 11 686 94 210 352 353 15 657 336 696 581 146 565 836 15 310

8 327 127 5 969 730 510 439 5 459 291 1 614 142 24 721 1 589 421 71 368 8 550 62 818 232 973 10 967 222 006 438 914 428 085 10 829

7 142 878 6 294 409 209 262 6 085 147 552 329 6 996 545 333 34 528 3 136 31 392 119 380 4 690 114 690 142 232 137 751 4 481

18 879 599 15 534 992 713 732 14 821 260 2 218 683 38 391 2 180 292 100 675 10 711 89 964 433 880 19 058 414 822 591 369 566 380 24 989

11 928 889 9 346 512 546 968 8 799 544 1 762 876 30 401 1 732 475 72 491 7 718 64 773 274 240 11 896 262 344 472 770 452 762 20 008

6 950 710 6 188 480 166 764 6 021 716 455 807 7 990 447 817 28 184 2 993 25 191 159 640 7 162 152 478 118 599 113 618 4 981

11 937 064 10 143 035 411 301 9 731 734 1 166 001 17 681 1 148 320 77 406 7 675 69 731 207 782 9 191 198 591 342 840 332 283 10 557

8 177 162 6 740 764 310 740 6 430 024 943 178 13 333 929 845 58 789 6 141 52 648 155 671 6 936 148 735 278 760 270 608 8 152

3 759 902 3 402 271 100 561 3 301 710 222 823 4 348 218 475 18 617 1 534 17 083 52 111 2 255 49 856 64 080 61 675 2 405

100.0 79.3 14.0 .7 .7 2.3 2.2 .1 3.8

100.0 71.7 19.4 .9 .8 2.8 2.7 .1 5.3

100.0 88.1 7.7 .5 .5 1.7 1.6 .1 2.0

100.0 82.3 11.8 .5 .5 2.3 2.1 .2 3.1

100.0 78.4 14.8 .6 .5 2.3 2.2 .1 4.0

100.0 89.0 6.6 .4 .4 2.3 2.0 .3 1.7

100.0 85.0 9.8 .6 .6 1.7 1.7 .1 2.9

100.0 82.4 11.5 .7 .7 1.9 1.8 .1 3.4

100.0 90.5 5.9 .5 .5 1.4 1.3 .1 1.7

100.0 8.7 6.0 1.0 .1 1.6 91.3

100.0 11.8 8.2 1.5 .1 2.0 88.2

100.0 5.1 3.4 .5 .1 1.1 94.9

100.0 7.1 4.7 1.0 .1 1.3 92.9

100.0 8.8 5.9 1.2 .1 1.5 91.2

100.0 4.3 2.7 .6 .1 .9 95.7

100.0 6.5 4.8 .6 .1 1.1 93.5

100.0 7.4 5.5 .6 .1 1.2 92.6

100.0 4.5 3.1 .4 .1 .8 95.5

100.0 79.3 74.6

100.0 71.7 65.6

100.0 88.1 85.2

100.0 82.3 78.5

100.0 78.4 73.8

100.0 89.0 86.6

100.0 85.0 81.5

100.0 82.4 78.6

100.0 90.5 87.8

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

127 762 846 740 332 844 365

710 527 070 597 774 086 183

064 131 271 743 587 530 933

162 758 619 484 033 622 404

902 373 652 259 554 908 529

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

6

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

355

Section Five: Census Data

Table 5.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

United States

Outside urbanized area

Total

In central city

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

Inside urbanized area

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

741 170 054 984 439 103 442 859 794 517 413 633 533 219 569 679 060 627 290 254 414 958 269 603 964 150 331 565 065 558 579 821 107 377 839 858 177 830 026 674

77 843 533 51 452 071 17 169 430 465 364 445 863 11 002 8 499 3 373 675 3 253 737 873 056 616 438 337 149 324 536 329 577 318 295 108 738 71 543 93 854 38 038 142 513 8 257 2 497 12 298 7 024 841 38 580 4 792 68 224 119 938 55 371 26 882 21 430 16 255 6 385 312 369 609 2 777 5 803 5 382 993

114 882 208 99 411 099 7 952 624 537 620 526 576 5 101 5 943 3 450 184 3 270 057 721 461 693 975 422 484 453 997 425 642 275 274 34 941 14 517 43 773 46 252 137 741 3 157 3 461 14 971 3 579 1 123 39 570 5 539 66 341 180 127 101 187 32 697 24 391 21 852 9 992 527 489 568 4 053 6 223 3 530 681

79 755 134 67 365 275 6 235 478 302 903 294 610 3 618 4 675 3 125 833 2 987 329 679 881 623 288 381 022 413 952 387 749 259 446 32 255 10 126 36 731 41 004 121 875 2 966 3 233 13 950 3 101 957 36 896 5 072 55 700 138 504 71 084 27 522 20 997 18 901 8 840 340 423 462 3 746 5 090 2 725 645

8 684 794 7 521 124 554 608 63 229 62 331 475 423 136 925 109 365 14 019 35 378 15 776 12 766 11 087 5 780 1 050 2 442 3 444 1 872 5 751 68 78 404 278 43 938 144 3 798 27 560 20 685 3 596 1 461 1 818 729 151 36 47 163 692 408 908

26 442 280 24 524 700 1 162 538 171 488 169 635 1 008 845 187 426 173 363 27 561 35 309 25 686 27 279 26 806 10 048 1 636 1 949 3 598 3 376 10 115 123 150 617 200 123 1 736 323 6 843 14 063 9 418 1 579 1 933 1 133 423 36 30 59 144 441 396 128

55 984 132 48 822 900 4 864 006 956 250 905 846 41 049 9 355 449 803 384 844 50 955 96 357 87 929 36 914 43 630 20 978 3 732 4 022 11 387 6 985 21 955 424 219 1 983 1 640 283 3 221 639 13 546 64 959 54 456 3 385 3 524 3 594 1 229 105 102 262 206 1 690 891 173

1 520 259 1 267 155 201 221 8 925 8 759 103 63 23 044 22 153 5 689 3 169 2 783 3 009 2 861 1 446 521 129 613 586 1 347 23 23 144 106 4 251 86 710 891 435 135 178 143 43 9 4 3 13 71 19 914

9 873 345 8 245 260 1 052 836 106 069 103 587 1 817 665 165 504 147 107 23 680 28 805 34 752 15 203 16 179 8 596 1 768 2 362 4 499 2 293 8 970 253 100 1 186 1 113 75 1 530 280 4 433 18 397 14 701 1 224 1 168 1 304 423 24 49 139 46 623 303 676

9 458 347 8 026 268 949 100 155 180 143 849 9 537 1 794 110 414 88 954 9 516 29 124 21 800 7 430 7 230 3 818 754 831 3 076 1 355 4 020 61 37 220 251 94 491 133 2 733 21 460 18 833 873 684 1 070 577 26 19 54 51 343 217 385

35 132 181 31 284 217 2 660 849 686 076 649 651 29 592 6 833 150 841 126 630 12 070 35 259 28 594 11 272 17 360 7 118 689 700 3 199 2 751 7 618 87 59 433 170 110 949 140 5 670 24 211 20 487 1 153 1 494 1 077 186 46 30 66 96 653 350 198

9 873 655 525 25 7 97 9 217

9 458 537 409 17 5 105 8 920

35 132 904 660 38 10 195 34 227

RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

248 199 29 1 1 7 6 1 1

709 686 986 959 878 57 23 273 908 645 406 847 815 798 614 147 90 149 91 302 11 6 29 12 2 81 10 148 365 211 62 49 41 17

1 7 13 9 804

873 070 060 234 285 152 797 662 638 472 770 562 447 849 547 411 082 014 275 209 838 177 252 243 247 371 970 111 024 014 964 345 701 606 944 960 439 036 716 847

192 150 25 1

6 6 1 1

725 863 122 002 972 16 14 823 523 594 310 759 778 755 593 143 86 137 84 280 11 5 27 10 1 78 10 134 300 156 59 45 38 16

1 6 12 8 913

HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

248 22 13 2 1 5 226

709 354 495 727 043 086 355

873 059 938 754 932 435 814

192 20 11 2 1 4 172

725 204 874 639 019 670 520

741 818 570 645 689 914 923

77 11 6 1

843 514 422 914 487 2 689 66 329

533 252 658 213 526 855 281

114 882 208 8 690 566 5 451 912 725 432 532 163 1 981 059 106 191 642

79 755 134 6 854 456 4 008 050 619 195 505 658 1 721 553 72 900 678

8 684 815 668 42 6 97 7 869

794 181 503 097 717 864 613

26 442 280 1 020 929 775 359 64 140 19 788 161 642 25 421 351

55 984 132 2 149 241 1 621 368 88 109 24 243 415 521 53 834 891

1 520 51 26 6 1 17 1 468

259 453 984 028 145 296 806

345 690 101 819 311 459 655

347 526 199 476 481 370 821

181 572 084 786 306 396 609

248 199 11 188 29

709 686 557 128 986 769 216 959 165 793 273 305 968 804 555 249

873 070 774 296 060 767 293 234 461 773 662 303 359 847 754 093

192 150 10 140 25

725 863 366 496 122 732 389 002 135 867 823 279 543 913 690 223

741 170 970 200 054 516 538 984 073 911 859 889 970 674 370 304

77 51 5 45 17

533 071 364 707 430 953 477 364 369 995 675 596 079 993 970 023

114 99 4 94 7

79 67 3 63 6

134 275 808 467 478 373 105 903 188 715 833 284 549 645 803 842

8 684 794 7 521 124 386 541 7 134 583 554 608 10 219 544 389 63 229 6 295 56 934 136 925 10 202 126 723 408 908 401 924 6 984

26 442 280 24 524 700 601 257 23 923 443 1 162 538 14 971 1 147 567 171 488 11 221 160 267 187 426 8 807 178 619 396 128 384 673 11 455

55 48 1 47 4

132 900 804 096 006 251 755 250 388 862 803 414 389 173 384 789

1 520 259 1 267 155 28 965 1 238 190 201 221 3 076 198 145 8 925 836 8 089 23 044 716 22 328 19 914 17 860 2 054

9 873 345 8 245 260 334 964 7 910 296 1 052 836 10 443 1 042 393 106 069 6 651 99 418 165 504 7 571 157 933 303 676 296 061 7 615

9 458 347 8 026 268 303 436 7 722 832 949 100 7 700 941 400 155 180 6 479 148 701 110 414 7 823 102 591 217 385 212 088 5 297

35 132 181 31 284 217 523 439 30 760 778 2 660 849 16 032 2 644 817 686 076 16 422 669 654 150 841 9 304 141 537 350 198 339 375 10 823

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

29 1 1 7 6 9 9

24 1 6 6 8 8

16

3 3 5 5

843 452 494 957 169 545 623 465 73 391 373 149 224 382 250 132

7

3 3 3 3

882 411 872 538 952 186 766 537 61 475 450 130 319 530 439 91

208 099 606 493 624 563 061 620 704 916 184 293 891 681 400 281

6

3 3 2 2

755 365 884 480 235 161 074 302 44 258 125 111 014 725 652 72

984 822 190 632 864 37 4 826 956 30 925 449 25 424 891 865 25

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 80.3 12.1 .8 .8 2.9 2.8 .1 3.9

100.0 78.3 13.0 .5 .5 3.5 3.4 .2 4.6

100.0 66.1 22.1 .6 .6 4.3 4.2 .2 6.9

100.0 86.5 6.9 .5 .5 3.0 2.8 .2 3.1

100.0 84.5 7.8 .4 .4 3.9 3.7 .2 3.4

100.0 86.6 6.4 .7 .7 1.6 1.3 .3 4.7

100.0 92.7 4.4 .6 .6 .7 .7 .1 1.5

100.0 87.2 8.7 1.7 1.6 .8 .7 .1 1.6

100.0 83.4 13.2 .6 .6 1.5 1.5 .1 1.3

100.0 83.5 10.7 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.5 .2 3.1

100.0 84.9 10.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 .9 .2 2.3

100.0 89.0 7.6 2.0 1.8 .4 .4 .1 1.0

100.0 9.0 5.4 1.1 .4 2.0 91.0

100.0 10.5 6.2 1.4 .5 2.4 89.5

100.0 14.8 8.3 2.5 .6 3.5 85.2

100.0 7.6 4.7 .6 .5 1.7 92.4

100.0 8.6 5.0 .8 .6 2.2 91.4

100.0 9.4 7.7 .5 .1 1.1 90.6

100.0 3.9 2.9 .2 .1 .6 96.1

100.0 3.8 2.9 .2 – .7 96.2

100.0 3.4 1.8 .4 .1 1.1 96.6

100.0 6.6 5.3 .3 .1 1.0 93.4

100.0 5.7 4.3 .2 .1 1.1 94.3

100.0 2.6 1.9 .1 – .6 97.4

100.0 80.3 75.6

100.0 78.3 72.9

100.0 66.1 59.0

100.0 86.5 82.3

100.0 84.5 79.6

100.0 86.6 82.2

100.0 92.7 90.5

100.0 87.2 85.1

100.0 83.4 81.4

100.0 83.5 80.1

100.0 84.9 81.7

100.0 89.0 87.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

356

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

7

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 6.

Section Five: Census Data

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] 1,000,000 or more

United States Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area

Total

5,000,000 or more

2,500,000 to 4,999,999

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

124 775 608 94 402 349 17 638 128 530 902 515 232 6 885 8 785 5 317 229 5 167 501 1 378 468 1 033 128 478 121 648 976 620 009 486 209 111 547 35 330 87 478 65 357 222 878 10 054 5 339 22 725 6 503 693 68 199 8 387 100 978 149 728 48 363 39 691 33 742 27 932 12 985 444 560 593 5 587 7 763 6 887 000

48 263 927 29 171 220 12 140 180 241 540 234 026 3 320 4 194 2 524 580 2 462 082 731 149 489 547 184 121 256 201 255 262 243 497 82 040 29 984 54 166 28 203 107 912 7 363 2 149 9 113 3 666 269 32 792 3 618 48 942 62 498 18 073 17 824 16 148 10 453 4 584 172 219 258 1 880 3 340 4 186 407

76 511 681 65 231 129 5 497 948 289 362 281 206 3 565 4 591 2 792 649 2 705 419 647 319 543 581 294 000 392 775 364 747 242 712 29 507 5 346 33 312 37 154 114 966 2 691 3 190 13 612 2 837 424 35 407 4 769 52 036 87 230 30 290 21 867 17 594 17 479 8 401 272 341 335 3 707 4 423 2 700 593

52 837 069 36 734 791 7 705 099 201 590 194 656 2 889 4 045 3 518 730 3 428 983 1 021 738 733 190 324 602 406 467 416 330 269 427 55 980 2 169 25 876 40 479 132 725 7 482 3 805 15 747 2 996 352 42 644 5 126 54 573 89 747 27 821 26 840 19 536 15 550 6 998 246 239 259 3 899 3 909 4 676 859

22 256 704 12 050 920 5 585 464 91 201 87 704 1 493 2 004 1 724 860 1 688 509 567 494 340 450 120 075 178 009 198 946 132 416 44 955 1 105 15 188 19 685 70 186 6 253 1 641 5 779 1 749 156 24 140 2 397 28 071 36 351 10 099 12 036 9 910 4 306 1 652 95 84 93 903 1 479 2 804 259

30 580 365 24 683 871 2 119 635 110 389 106 952 1 396 2 041 1 793 870 1 740 474 454 244 392 740 204 527 228 458 217 384 137 011 11 025 1 064 10 688 20 794 62 539 1 229 2 164 9 968 1 247 196 18 504 2 729 26 502 53 396 17 722 14 804 9 626 11 244 5 346 151 155 166 2 996 2 430 1 872 600

31 701 991 24 218 918 5 368 985 114 976 110 419 2 059 2 498 910 401 890 845 208 201 108 733 67 884 150 787 116 343 115 880 33 084 2 709 21 633 13 648 51 943 1 993 981 3 602 1 832 148 18 258 1 773 23 356 19 556 7 316 4 650 4 502 3 088 1 043 68 130 118 357 1 372 1 088 711

10 347 206 6 113 253 3 202 461 42 873 40 986 880 1 007 322 412 315 103 81 341 36 509 23 596 41 378 26 216 50 596 20 035 1 844 10 889 3 997 18 702 833 291 1 400 932 33 5 764 496 8 953 7 309 2 304 2 435 1 465 1 105 313 16 35 41 155 545 666 207

21 354 785 18 105 665 2 166 524 72 103 69 433 1 179 1 491 587 989 575 742 126 860 72 224 44 288 109 409 90 127 65 284 13 049 865 10 744 9 651 33 241 1 160 690 2 202 900 115 12 494 1 277 14 403 12 247 5 012 2 215 3 037 1 983 730 52 95 77 202 827 422 504

124 15 8 2

RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

775 435 298 253 946 3 937 109 339

608 936 418 436 418 664 672

48 8 4 1

263 724 319 671 454 2 278 39 539

927 237 325 607 634 671 690

76 511 681 6 711 699 3 979 093 581 829 491 784 1 658 993 69 799 982

52 9 5 1

837 646 158 694 245 2 548 43 190

069 762 631 031 200 900 307

22 5 2 1

256 470 369 364 116 1 619 16 786

704 682 611 595 755 721 022

30 580 365 4 176 080 2 789 020 329 436 128 445 929 179 26 404 285

31 701 991 3 047 711 1 269 155 275 458 627 824 875 274 28 654 280

10 347 206 1 607 576 760 144 144 465 304 565 398 402 8 739 630

21 354 785 1 440 135 509 011 130 993 323 259 476 872 19 914 650

124 94 7 86 17

608 349 561 788 128 038 090 902 923 979 229 260 969 000 154 846

48 29 3 25 12

927 220 614 606 180 969 211 540 211 329 580 312 268 407 131 276

76 65 3 61 5

52 36 4 32 7

069 791 878 913 099 134 965 590 695 895 730 781 949 859 274 585

22 12 2 9 5

704 920 722 198 464 370 094 201 400 801 860 772 088 259 418 841

30 24 2 22 2

31 24 1 22 5

991 918 659 259 985 784 201 976 962 014 401 926 475 711 380 331

10 347 206 6 113 253 875 866 5 237 387 3 202 461 68 250 3 134 211 42 873 6 974 35 899 322 412 12 023 310 389 666 207 644 463 21 744

21 354 785 18 105 665 969 793 17 135 872 2 166 524 44 534 2 121 990 72 103 5 988 66 115 587 989 14 903 573 086 422 504 404 917 17 587

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

17

5 5 6 6

775 402 772 629 638 638 000 530 94 435 317 209 107 887 721 165

11

2 2 4 4

263 171 984 186 140 483 656 241 50 191 524 115 409 186 090 96

5

2 2 2 2

511 231 787 443 497 154 343 289 44 244 792 93 698 700 631 69

681 129 947 182 948 069 879 362 712 650 649 948 701 593 023 570

7

3 3 4 4

837 734 403 330 705 454 250 201 54 146 518 143 374 676 590 86

5

1 1 2 2

256 050 241 809 585 366 219 91 28 62 724 80 644 804 753 50

2

1 1 1 1

580 683 162 521 119 87 031 110 26 84 793 63 730 872 836 35

365 871 156 715 635 764 871 389 295 094 870 009 861 600 856 744

701 218 845 373 368 112 5 256 114 12 102 910 26 883 1 088 1 049 39

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 75.7 14.1 .4 .4 4.3 4.1 .1 5.5

100.0 60.4 25.2 .5 .5 5.2 5.1 .1 8.7

100.0 85.3 7.2 .4 .4 3.6 3.5 .1 3.5

100.0 69.5 14.6 .4 .4 6.7 6.5 .2 8.9

100.0 54.1 25.1 .4 .4 7.7 7.6 .2 12.6

100.0 80.7 6.9 .4 .3 5.9 5.7 .2 6.1

100.0 76.4 16.9 .4 .3 2.9 2.8 .1 3.4

100.0 59.1 31.0 .4 .4 3.1 3.0 .1 6.4

100.0 84.8 10.1 .3 .3 2.8 2.7 .1 2.0

100.0 12.4 6.7 1.8 .8 3.2 87.6

100.0 18.1 8.9 3.5 .9 4.7 81.9

100.0 8.8 5.2 .8 .6 2.2 91.2

100.0 18.3 9.8 3.2 .5 4.8 81.7

100.0 24.6 10.6 6.1 .5 7.3 75.4

100.0 13.7 9.1 1.1 .4 3.0 86.3

100.0 9.6 4.0 .9 2.0 2.8 90.4

100.0 15.5 7.3 1.4 2.9 3.9 84.5

100.0 6.7 2.4 .6 1.5 2.2 93.3

100.0 75.7 69.4

100.0 60.4 52.2

100.0 85.3 80.3

100.0 69.5 61.2

100.0 54.1 44.1

100.0 80.7 73.6

100.0 76.4 70.6

100.0 59.1 50.6

100.0 84.8 80.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

8

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

357

Section Five: Census Data

Table 6.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] 1,000,000 or more

United States Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area

Con.

Less than 1,000,000

1,000,000 to 2,499,999

Total

500,000 to 999,999

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

40 236 548 33 448 640 4 564 044 214 336 210 157 1 937 2 242 888 098 847 673 148 529 191 205 85 635 91 722 87 336 100 902 22 483 30 452 39 969 11 230 38 210 579 553 3 376 1 675 193 7 297 1 488 23 049 40 425 13 226 8 201 9 704 9 294 4 944 130 191 216 1 331 2 482 1 121 430

15 660 017 11 007 047 3 352 255 107 466 105 336 947 1 183 477 308 458 470 82 314 112 588 40 450 36 814 30 100 60 485 17 050 27 035 28 089 4 521 19 024 277 217 1 934 985 80 2 888 725 11 918 18 838 5 670 3 353 4 773 5 042 2 619 61 100 124 822 1 316 715 941

24 576 531 22 441 593 1 211 789 106 870 104 821 990 1 059 410 790 389 203 66 215 78 617 45 185 54 908 57 236 40 417 5 433 3 417 11 880 6 709 19 186 302 336 1 442 690 113 4 409 763 11 131 21 587 7 556 4 848 4 931 4 252 2 325 69 91 92 509 1 166 405 489

67 950 133 56 460 821 7 483 926 472 082 457 207 9 218 5 657 1 506 630 1 356 293 216 049 277 285 281 512 129 557 135 210 107 360 32 132 50 730 50 149 18 933 57 376 1 360 619 4 544 4 100 1 271 9 951 1 944 33 587 150 337 108 195 19 888 12 079 10 175 3 392 395 298 584 1 243 4 263 2 026 674

29 579 606 22 280 851 5 029 250 223 824 211 837 7 682 4 305 849 095 791 655 141 907 126 891 153 028 68 335 74 315 74 798 26 698 41 559 39 688 9 835 34 601 894 348 3 185 3 358 572 5 788 1 174 19 282 57 440 37 298 9 058 5 282 5 802 1 801 140 150 351 897 2 463 1 196 586

38 370 527 34 179 970 2 454 676 248 258 245 370 1 536 1 352 657 535 564 638 74 142 150 394 128 484 61 222 60 895 32 562 5 434 9 171 10 461 9 098 22 775 466 271 1 359 742 699 4 163 770 14 305 92 897 70 897 10 830 6 797 4 373 1 591 255 148 233 346 1 800 830 088

24 905 921 19 725 324 3 351 612 188 446 186 498 895 1 053 875 741 753 567 124 313 173 047 224 453 52 017 60 604 40 327 10 522 18 986 18 155 7 760 23 383 606 298 1 883 1 502 1 056 3 955 850 13 233 122 174 96 737 15 508 4 188 5 741 2 307 328 139 352 295 2 320 764 798

10 438 257 7 114 029 2 336 258 82 651 81 605 464 582 454 580 412 319 80 579 68 937 120 754 24 562 33 370 27 219 8 106 17 123 14 794 3 589 13 286 383 172 1 257 1 137 468 1 987 475 7 407 42 261 31 142 6 693 1 742 2 684 912 108 65 238 113 1 248 450 739

14 467 664 12 611 295 1 015 354 105 795 104 893 431 471 421 161 341 248 43 734 104 110 103 699 27 455 27 234 13 108 2 416 1 863 3 361 4 171 10 097 223 126 626 365 588 1 968 375 5 826 79 913 65 595 8 815 2 446 3 057 1 395 220 74 114 182 1 072 314 059

40 236 548 2 741 463 1 870 632 283 947 73 394 513 490 37 495 085

15 660 017 1 645 979 1 189 570 162 547 33 314 260 548 14 014 038

24 576 531 1 095 484 681 062 121 400 40 080 252 942 23 481 047

67 950 133 4 768 882 3 576 152 386 209 73 271 733 250 63 181 251

29 579 606 2 790 015 2 103 333 242 606 32 892 411 184 26 789 591

38 370 527 1 978 867 1 472 819 143 603 40 379 322 066 36 391 660

24 905 921 1 696 135 1 239 532 178 184 38 770 239 649 23 209 786

10 438 257 1 020 275 767 381 117 994 16 268 118 632 9 417 982

14 467 675 472 60 22 121 13 791

40 33 1 31 4

548 640 024 616 044 120 924 336 266 070 098 553 545 430 500 930

15 660 017 11 007 047 867 026 10 140 021 3 352 255 49 349 3 302 906 107 466 14 837 92 629 477 308 22 517 454 791 715 941 692 250 23 691

24 576 531 22 441 593 655 998 21 785 595 1 211 789 21 771 1 190 018 106 870 12 429 94 441 410 790 16 036 394 754 405 489 389 250 16 239

67 56 2 53 7

29 22 1 20 5

38 34 1 33 2

527 970 659 311 676 494 182 258 992 266 535 345 190 088 377 711

24 905 921 19 725 324 855 568 18 869 756 3 351 612 38 937 3 312 675 188 446 15 390 173 056 875 741 41 368 834 373 764 798 744 872 19 926

10 438 257 7 114 029 529 716 6 584 313 2 336 258 26 077 2 310 181 82 651 8 504 74 147 454 580 16 608 437 972 450 739 439 370 11 369

14 467 664 12 611 295 325 852 12 285 443 1 015 354 12 860 1 002 494 105 795 6 886 98 909 421 161 24 760 396 401 314 059 305 502 8 557

100.0 83.1 11.3 .5 .5 2.2 2.1 .1 2.8

100.0 70.3 21.4 .7 .7 3.0 2.9 .1 4.6

100.0 91.3 4.9 .4 .4 1.7 1.6 .1 1.6

100.0 83.1 11.0 .7 .7 2.2 2.0 .2 3.0

100.0 75.3 17.0 .8 .7 2.9 2.7 .2 4.0

100.0 89.1 6.4 .6 .6 1.7 1.5 .2 2.2

100.0 79.2 13.5 .8 .7 3.5 3.0 .5 3.1

100.0 68.2 22.4 .8 .8 4.4 4.0 .4 4.3

100.0 87.2 7.0 .7 .7 2.9 2.4 .6 2.2

100.0 6.8 4.6 .7 .2 1.3 93.2

100.0 10.5 7.6 1.0 .2 1.7 89.5

100.0 4.5 2.8 .5 .2 1.0 95.5

100.0 7.0 5.3 .6 .1 1.1 93.0

100.0 9.4 7.1 .8 .1 1.4 90.6

100.0 5.2 3.8 .4 .1 .8 94.8

100.0 6.8 5.0 .7 .2 1.0 93.2

100.0 9.8 7.4 1.1 .2 1.1 90.2

100.0 4.7 3.3 .4 .2 .8 95.3

100.0 83.1 79.3

100.0 70.3 64.8

100.0 91.3 88.6

100.0 83.1 79.3

100.0 75.3 70.2

100.0 89.1 86.3

100.0 79.2 75.8

100.0 68.2 63.1

100.0 87.2 84.9

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

664 860 151 190 502 017 804

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

236 448 523 925 564 71 4 492 214 27 187 888 38 849 1 121 1 081 39

7

1 1 2 1

950 460 594 866 483 94 389 472 40 431 506 70 436 026 969 57

133 821 409 412 926 478 448 082 150 932 630 629 001 674 216 458

579 280 509 771 029 61 4 967 223 23 200 849 34 814 1 196 1 160 35

606 851 750 101 250 984 266 824 158 666 095 284 811 586 839 747

370 179 084 095 454 32 2 422 248 16 231 657 36 621 830 808 21

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

358

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

9

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 6.

Section Five: Census Data

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Less than 1,000,000

United States Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area

250,000 to 499,999

Con.

100,000 to 249,999

Less than 100,000

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

21 528 297 18 093 596 2 174 861 115 866 113 773 1 155 938 358 684 342 229 49 443 69 720 32 388 40 749 37 696 41 028 17 302 12 353 18 413 5 721 17 416 380 166 1 382 922 88 3 544 435 10 499 16 455 6 439 2 429 4 461 3 126 850 47 67 133 893 1 136 785 290

8 783 875 6 679 010 1 387 488 56 851 55 713 593 545 220 522 211 334 30 238 39 839 18 024 21 329 17 568 29 761 15 559 10 597 14 739 3 203 10 477 227 84 941 790 46 2 273 234 5 882 9 188 3 477 1 289 2 133 2 289 681 23 34 62 755 734 440 004

12 744 422 11 414 586 787 373 59 015 58 060 562 393 138 162 130 895 19 205 29 881 14 364 19 420 20 128 11 267 1 743 1 756 3 674 2 518 6 939 153 82 441 132 42 1 271 201 4 617 7 267 2 962 1 140 2 328 837 169 24 33 71 138 402 345 286

19 403 087 16 745 333 1 819 417 146 185 135 589 7 015 3 581 251 215 240 215 37 753 32 166 22 662 34 124 33 939 24 818 4 221 17 450 13 215 4 864 15 003 321 143 1 146 1 500 123 2 212 570 8 988 11 000 4 722 1 880 3 260 1 138 213 17 89 93 51 675 440 937

9 054 420 7 361 451 1 191 268 68 103 58 444 6 532 3 127 157 629 152 158 27 194 16 652 12 699 20 480 21 300 16 839 2 958 11 920 9 810 2 653 9 653 240 82 865 1 264 54 1 374 400 5 374 5 471 2 489 1 029 1 276 677 186 8 50 47 29 357 275 969

10 348 667 9 383 882 628 149 78 082 77 145 483 454 93 586 88 057 10 559 15 514 9 963 13 644 12 639 7 979 1 263 5 530 3 405 2 211 5 350 81 61 281 236 69 838 170 3 614 5 529 2 233 851 1 984 461 27 9 39 46 22 318 164 968

2 112 828 1 896 568 138 036 21 585 21 347 153 85 20 990 20 282 4 540 2 352 2 009 2 667 2 971 1 187 87 1 941 366 588 1 574 53 12 133 176 4 240 89 867 708 297 71 170 170 22 3 3 6 4 132 35 649

1 303 054 1 126 361 114 236 16 219 16 075 93 51 16 364 15 844 3 896 1 463 1 551 1 964 2 077 979 75 1 919 345 390 1 185 44 10 122 167 4 154 65 619 520 190 47 131 152 22 1 1 4 – 124 29 874

809 770 23 5 5

21 528 297 1 941 524 1 496 462 136 842 18 717 289 503 19 586 773

8 783 875 1 065 089 807 859 77 203 9 230 170 797 7 718 786

12 744 876 688 59 9 118 11 867

422 435 603 639 487 706 987

19 403 087 1 048 036 773 231 68 334 15 131 191 340 18 355 051

9 054 636 472 45 6 111 8 417

10 348 411 300 22 8 79 9 937

2 112 83 66 2

828 187 927 849 653 12 758 2 029 641

1 303 67 55 1

054 870 467 991 447 9 965 1 235 184

809 774 15 317 11 460 858 206 2 793 794 457

21 18 1 16 2

297 596 804 792 861 276 585 866 699 167 684 835 849 290 910 380

8 783 875 6 679 010 594 435 6 084 575 1 387 488 21 010 1 366 478 56 851 8 130 48 721 220 522 11 745 208 777 440 004 429 769 10 235

12 744 422 11 414 586 513 369 10 901 217 787 373 12 266 775 107 59 015 5 569 53 446 138 162 7 090 131 072 345 286 338 141 7 145

19 403 087 16 745 333 585 821 16 159 512 1 819 417 20 560 1 798 857 146 185 9 808 136 377 251 215 9 681 241 534 440 937 422 166 18 771

9 054 420 7 361 451 349 444 7 012 007 1 191 268 13 554 1 177 714 68 103 5 504 62 599 157 629 5 342 152 287 275 969 262 937 13 032

10 348 667 9 383 882 236 377 9 147 505 628 149 7 006 621 143 78 082 4 304 73 778 93 586 4 339 89 247 164 968 159 229 5 739

2 112 828 1 896 568 45 216 1 851 352 138 036 1 705 136 331 21 585 1 253 20 332 20 990 745 20 245 35 649 34 268 1 381

1 303 054 1 126 361 36 155 1 090 206 114 236 1 343 112 893 16 219 1 020 15 199 16 364 589 15 775 29 874 28 763 1 111

809 770 9 761 23

100.0 84.0 10.1 .5 .5 1.7 1.6 .1 3.6

100.0 76.0 15.8 .6 .6 2.5 2.4 .1 5.0

100.0 89.6 6.2 .5 .5 1.1 1.0 .1 2.7

100.0 86.3 9.4 .8 .7 1.3 1.2 .1 2.3

100.0 81.3 13.2 .8 .6 1.7 1.7 .1 3.0

100.0 90.7 6.1 .8 .7 .9 .9 .1 1.6

100.0 89.8 6.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 – 1.7

100.0 86.4 8.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 – 2.3

100.0 95.1 2.9 .7 .7 .6 .5 – .7

100.0 9.0 7.0 .6 .1 1.3 91.0

100.0 12.1 9.2 .9 .1 1.9 87.9

100.0 6.9 5.4 .5 .1 .9 93.1

100.0 5.4 4.0 .4 .1 1.0 94.6

100.0 7.0 5.2 .5 .1 1.2 93.0

100.0 4.0 2.9 .2 .1 .8 96.0

100.0 3.9 3.2 .1 – .6 96.1

100.0 5.2 4.3 .2 – .8 94.8

100.0 1.9 1.4 .1 – .3 98.1

100.0 84.0 78.9

100.0 76.0 69.3

100.0 89.6 85.5

100.0 86.3 83.3

100.0 81.3 77.4

100.0 90.7 88.4

100.0 89.8 87.6

100.0 86.4 83.7

100.0 95.1 94.0

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

774 207 800 366 272 60 34 4 626 4 438 644 889 458 703 894 208 12 22 21 198 389 9 2 11 9 – 86 24 248 188 107 24 39 18 – 2 2 2 4 8 5 775

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

420 781 626 418 947 790 639

667 255 605 916 184 550 412

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

528 093 107 985 174 33 2 141 115 13 102 358 18 339 785 767 17

23 5 5 4 4 5 5

774 207 061 146 800 362 438 366 233 133 626 156 470 775 505 270

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

10

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

359

Section Five: Census Data

Table 7.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of White Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All White persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



All households with a White householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

199 686 070

23.9

13.9

34.4

92.4

2.5

76 880 105

69.5

31.7

57.7

25.7

8.9

4.7

2.54

3.06

143 119 52 67 24 11 12 55 6 3 46

807 359 192 166 448 562 885 878 299 402 176

279 248 735 513 031 503 528 791 526 922 343

22.8 22.4 20.9 23.6 24.4 23.8 24.9 26.7 25.5 26.1 26.9

14.4 13.9 15.0 13.1 16.7 15.8 17.4 12.8 17.8 18.6 11.7

34.2 34.2 33.8 34.5 34.1 33.1 35.0 34.8 35.8 36.1 34.6

90.5 91.2 90.7 91.6 87.0 87.6 86.4 97.5 86.8 88.8 99.8

2.9 2.5 3.6 1.8 4.6 5.6 3.8 1.5 2.5 1.4 1.4

56 47 21 25 9 4 5 20 2 1 16

613 112 600 512 500 486 013 267 452 346 468

098 854 072 782 244 590 654 007 238 368 401

66.4 66.2 59.7 71.6 67.8 66.3 69.2 78.2 70.8 70.5 79.9

29.8 29.4 25.9 32.3 31.9 31.4 32.5 37.0 32.9 32.6 37.9

54.0 53.7 46.6 59.7 55.2 53.6 56.6 68.3 58.9 59.6 70.4

23.6 23.4 19.5 26.6 24.6 23.9 25.2 31.8 26.2 26.5 33.0

9.5 9.4 10.0 9.0 9.9 10.0 9.9 7.0 9.2 8.2 6.6

5.0 4.8 5.2 4.5 6.0 6.1 6.0 3.8 5.4 4.7 3.5

2.47 2.48 2.34 2.59 2.46 2.44 2.48 2.72 2.51 2.50 2.77

3.04 3.04 3.00 3.08 3.01 3.00 3.02 3.11 3.03 3.04 3.13

67 23 43 22 8 13 16 4 11 28 10 17 52 28 23 14 6 7 12 5 6 15 9 6 10 6 3

356 700 656 461 468 992 834 983 850 061 248 812 002 492 510 060 435 625 264 969 294 534 346 188 143 740 402

421 299 122 002 435 567 101 496 605 318 368 950 827 436 391 661 430 231 139 730 409 992 512 480 035 764 271

21.9 19.5 23.2 21.1 18.9 22.4 21.8 18.3 23.3 22.6 20.6 23.7 23.1 22.1 24.3 23.0 21.3 24.5 23.2 22.1 24.3 23.1 22.5 24.1 23.0 22.4 24.3

13.8 15.4 13.0 14.6 16.3 13.6 12.5 14.5 11.7 14.0 15.2 13.3 14.0 14.6 13.4 13.7 14.2 13.3 14.2 15.0 13.5 13.6 14.2 12.7 14.8 15.0 14.6

34.7 34.7 34.7 35.4 35.6 35.2 34.3 34.3 34.3 34.4 34.2 34.5 33.6 33.0 34.3 33.8 33.1 34.4 34.1 33.7 34.4 33.1 32.7 33.8 33.5 32.8 34.7

92.0 92.8 91.5 92.1 92.4 92.0 92.2 93.7 91.5 91.6 92.7 91.0 90.3 89.0 92.0 90.5 90.1 90.8 89.8 88.4 91.3 91.2 89.4 94.0 89.5 88.1 92.3

2.0 2.9 1.5 1.9 2.5 1.6 2.0 3.4 1.5 2.0 3.1 1.4 3.2 4.1 2.2 2.5 3.6 1.6 2.8 3.6 1.9 3.7 4.1 3.0 4.1 4.8 2.8

26 10 16 8 3 5 6 2 4 11 4 6 20 11 8 5 2 2 4 2 2 6 3 2 3 2 1

635 039 595 715 560 155 686 181 505 233 297 935 477 560 917 599 683 915 836 445 390 064 744 319 977 685 291

557 879 678 609 593 016 811 437 374 137 849 288 297 193 104 143 850 293 001 935 066 730 783 947 423 625 798

65.6 56.6 71.0 65.6 56.2 72.2 65.0 53.2 70.7 65.9 58.8 70.4 66.9 62.4 72.7 66.3 60.0 72.0 67.6 62.4 72.9 66.8 63.1 72.8 67.0 63.9 73.5

28.5 23.2 31.7 27.3 22.0 30.9 28.8 21.6 32.3 29.4 25.1 32.0 30.4 28.2 33.3 29.9 26.4 33.1 30.5 27.8 33.3 30.7 28.9 33.6 30.6 29.2 33.4

53.1 43.4 59.0 52.6 42.2 59.8 52.9 41.0 58.7 53.6 45.7 58.5 54.5 49.4 61.1 53.8 46.6 60.5 55.0 49.1 61.1 54.5 50.3 61.3 54.7 51.2 61.9

23.0 17.5 26.3 22.3 16.7 26.1 23.5 16.4 26.9 23.2 18.8 26.0 23.9 21.2 27.3 23.6 19.6 27.3 24.0 20.7 27.3 24.1 22.0 27.6 23.6 22.0 27.0

9.3 9.7 9.0 9.5 10.0 9.1 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.3 9.8 9.0 9.6 10.2 8.9 9.6 10.4 8.9 9.8 10.4 9.1 9.5 10.0 8.7 9.7 10.0 8.9

4.4 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.8 4.8 5.1 5.6 4.7 5.3 5.8 4.8 5.3 5.7 4.7 5.7 6.0 5.1

2.49 2.30 2.60 2.53 2.32 2.68 2.47 2.22 2.60 2.46 2.32 2.54 2.46 2.37 2.58 2.46 2.32 2.58 2.47 2.36 2.59 2.48 2.40 2.59 2.45 2.40 2.57

3.07 3.02 3.09 3.14 3.08 3.17 3.07 2.97 3.10 3.02 2.98 3.03 3.01 2.98 3.05 3.03 2.97 3.07 3.02 2.98 3.06 3.02 3.00 3.05 2.98 2.97 3.01

150 51 99 74 67 7 24 48 17 1 16 8 8 31

863 452 411 886 365 521 524 822 538 267 271 245 026 284

170 071 099 399 275 124 700 900 683 155 528 260 268 217

23.3 20.9 24.6 23.8 23.6 25.8 26.9 25.5 23.6 22.3 23.7 23.2 24.3 26.5

13.4 15.0 12.6 13.2 13.1 14.6 10.8 15.5 17.5 15.5 17.6 16.3 19.1 14.4

34.2 33.9 34.4 34.4 34.5 33.3 34.3 35.0 34.4 33.2 34.5 33.2 35.9 35.3

92.2 90.6 93.1 91.4 91.7 89.4 98.7 92.7 86.4 93.0 85.9 87.2 84.6 96.6

2.4 3.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.3 1.5 2.9 5.2 4.8 5.2 6.1 4.3 1.6

58 21 37 28 25 2 8 18 6

333 323 010 390 573 817 619 546 923 495 428 234 194 622

897 382 515 886 614 272 629 208 987 534 453 124 329 221

68.5 59.6 73.6 71.6 71.6 71.7 80.2 72.8 66.2 66.5 66.2 65.0 67.4 76.7

31.0 25.8 34.0 32.6 32.3 34.9 38.8 33.8 30.6 29.3 30.7 30.4 31.0 35.6

56.4 46.5 62.1 59.6 59.7 59.1 70.4 61.8 53.7 55.5 53.6 52.4 54.8 66.7

25.1 19.4 28.4 26.8 26.7 27.6 33.7 27.7 23.3 23.1 23.3 23.0 23.7 30.3

9.1 10.0 8.5 9.1 9.0 9.7 6.9 8.2 9.9 8.6 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.1

4.7 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 5.8 3.6 4.7 6.0 5.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 3.9

2.53 2.33 2.64 2.59 2.60 2.59 2.81 2.56 2.41 2.44 2.41 2.40 2.41 2.65

3.07 2.99 3.10 3.08 3.08 3.08 3.16 3.04 2.98 2.96 2.98 2.98 2.98 3.07

94 29 65 36 12 24 24 6 18 33 11 22 56 22 34 19 7 12 18 6 11 16 7 9 1 1

402 171 231 734 050 683 218 113 105 448 007 441 460 280 179 725 114 611 093 679 414 745 361 383 896 126 770

349 220 129 791 920 871 918 253 665 640 047 593 821 851 970 324 029 295 596 010 586 333 451 882 568 361 207

22.9 19.9 24.2 21.9 19.3 23.2 23.1 19.0 24.5 23.8 21.2 25.0 24.1 22.1 25.4 23.5 21.0 24.9 24.4 22.9 25.3 24.3 22.3 25.9 25.0 23.3 27.5

13.3 15.2 12.5 14.1 16.0 13.2 12.1 14.8 11.2 13.4 14.6 12.8 13.6 14.7 12.9 13.3 14.8 12.5 14.2 15.1 13.6 13.4 14.3 12.7 13.3 14.7 11.3

34.4 34.4 34.4 35.1 35.4 35.0 33.9 34.1 33.8 34.0 33.4 34.2 33.8 33.2 34.3 34.0 33.6 34.3 34.2 33.5 34.6 33.3 32.4 34.1 33.0 32.8 33.3

92.5 92.2 92.6 92.9 92.6 93.0 92.7 92.7 92.6 92.0 91.5 92.2 91.8 88.6 94.1 91.5 88.8 93.1 91.8 88.3 93.9 92.3 88.7 95.4 90.5 86.8 96.4

2.1 3.0 1.6 2.1 2.6 1.8 1.8 3.4 1.3 2.3 3.3 1.7 2.9 4.3 2.1 2.6 4.0 1.8 2.7 3.7 2.1 3.5 4.9 2.4 3.8 4.8 2.4

36 12 24 14 5 9 9 2 6 13 4 8 21 9 12 7 2 4 6 2 4 6 2 3

587 266 320 132 024 108 420 639 781 033 602 431 746 056 689 697 959 737 910 689 221 413 958 454 725 449 276

278 573 705 945 912 033 776 642 134 557 019 538 619 809 810 165 624 541 423 303 120 108 245 863 923 637 286

67.6 57.5 72.7 66.9 57.0 72.3 67.7 55.2 72.6 68.4 59.4 73.3 70.0 62.5 75.3 69.3 60.8 74.6 70.9 63.7 75.5 69.9 62.9 75.9 69.3 64.3 77.4

30.3 24.0 33.4 28.7 22.9 31.9 31.1 22.8 34.3 31.4 26.1 34.2 32.3 28.2 35.3 31.7 26.4 35.0 32.4 28.9 34.7 32.8 29.0 36.1 33.7 30.4 39.1

55.4 44.2 61.0 54.2 43.2 60.3 55.8 42.5 61.0 56.3 46.3 61.8 58.2 49.6 64.3 57.5 47.8 63.5 58.9 50.3 64.4 58.3 50.4 65.1 57.6 51.6 67.4

24.6 18.1 27.9 23.5 17.4 26.8 25.4 16.9 28.7 25.2 19.5 28.3 26.0 21.2 29.4 25.6 19.9 29.2 26.0 21.6 28.8 26.3 21.9 30.1 26.9 22.9 33.3

9.1 9.9 8.7 9.2 10.0 8.8 8.9 9.5 8.7 9.1 10.0 8.7 9.0 10.1 8.2 9.0 10.1 8.4 9.1 10.5 8.3 8.9 9.9 8.0 9.1 10.2 7.4

4.5 4.8 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.9 5.3 4.7 5.1 5.8 4.5 4.8 5.3 4.5 5.1 6.0 4.6 5.2 5.9 4.6 5.6 6.3 4.4

2.53 2.31 2.64 2.55 2.34 2.67 2.53 2.24 2.64 2.52 2.32 2.62 2.53 2.36 2.64 2.50 2.31 2.62 2.55 2.40 2.65 2.53 2.37 2.66 2.52 2.39 2.73

3.09 3.01 3.12 3.13 3.07 3.15 3.08 2.96 3.11 3.05 2.98 3.08 3.03 2.97 3.07 3.02 2.95 3.06 3.05 3.00 3.08 3.03 2.97 3.08 3.05 2.98 3.13

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

6 3 3 11

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

360

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

11

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 8.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of Black Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All Black persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



All households with a Black householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

29 986 060

32.0

8.4

28.1

84.1

4.2

9 976 161

70.0

39.2

34.2

17.8

30.6

19.0

2.87

3.48

26 23 17 6 2 1 1 3

444 536 291 245 908 724 184 616 585 368 663

32.0 31.7 31.7 31.9 34.3 34.0 34.7 31.8 34.6 34.7 31.3

8.0 7.8 8.7 5.4 10.1 9.6 10.8 10.7 11.7 13.2 10.3

28.0 28.2 28.4 27.9 26.2 25.9 26.5 28.9 27.2 28.3 29.1

82.1 82.0 79.9 88.3 82.9 85.2 80.4 99.1 80.1 77.5 103.5

3.7 3.4 3.2 4.0 6.8 7.5 6.0 7.5 4.5 2.1 8.2

8 7 5 2

836 996 970 025 840 441 398 1 139 143 67 929

740 181 947 234 559 625 934 421 168 033 220

69.3 69.1 67.6 73.5 71.3 70.3 72.4 75.8 72.3 72.2 76.6

39.1 38.9 37.2 43.8 41.7 41.7 41.6 39.4 39.7 37.9 39.5

32.8 32.8 29.6 42.2 33.5 33.3 33.7 44.7 34.8 36.1 46.8

17.1 17.0 14.5 24.4 18.2 18.3 18.0 23.2 17.9 18.3 24.4

31.2 31.0 32.7 26.0 33.1 32.4 33.9 25.8 32.7 30.9 24.4

19.7 19.5 20.4 16.8 21.4 21.3 21.5 14.0 19.7 17.5 12.9

2.84 2.84 2.80 2.95 2.91 2.86 2.95 3.11 2.98 3.00 3.14

3.45 3.44 3.44 3.44 3.52 3.48 3.56 3.66 3.61 3.65 3.67

387 879 508 705 293 411 536 267 268 146 318 827 145 428 717 594 108 486 166 614 552 218 762 455 166 943 222

703 622 081 341 698 643 123 559 564 239 365 874 833 669 164 678 473 205 471 142 329 683 876 807 001 178 823

30.8 30.6 31.3 29.7 29.7 29.6 29.9 29.7 30.4 32.8 32.5 33.3 33.5 33.5 33.4 32.9 32.7 33.8 34.0 34.1 33.8 33.5 33.6 32.9 33.9 34.1 32.9

7.8 8.9 5.2 8.0 8.6 6.3 8.2 9.5 4.8 7.3 8.7 4.7 7.7 8.3 5.7 8.0 8.7 5.4 7.4 7.9 5.8 7.5 8.0 5.5 8.2 8.6 6.8

28.9 29.2 28.4 29.6 29.6 29.3 29.4 29.7 28.8 27.8 28.0 27.3 26.9 27.0 26.5 27.7 27.9 27.2 26.7 26.8 26.6 26.2 26.5 25.5 26.4 26.2 26.8

81.5 79.7 85.9 79.6 78.0 84.4 82.1 80.0 87.7 83.1 81.6 85.9 83.1 80.2 95.0 80.9 79.2 89.1 82.2 79.5 90.4 85.2 81.0 103.6 85.8 82.1 103.0

2.9 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.4 3.0 3.3 2.5 4.3 3.8 6.4 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.5 5.1 5.4 4.4 9.4 5.9 5.1 9.2

5 3 1 1 1

252 768 483 912 463 448 588 158 430 751 146 604 743 202 541 903 743 159 722 546 175 735 596 138 383 316 66

282 376 906 046 187 859 712 641 071 524 548 976 899 571 328 037 180 857 006 266 740 786 970 816 070 155 915

68.4 66.7 72.8 68.5 67.0 73.5 67.4 65.7 71.7 69.4 67.4 73.1 70.3 69.0 75.3 69.1 67.9 74.7 71.1 69.7 75.4 70.5 69.4 75.1 71.1 69.9 76.6

37.5 35.5 42.7 36.2 35.0 40.1 36.2 33.9 42.2 40.1 37.6 45.0 41.5 40.2 46.7 40.0 38.6 46.5 42.1 40.8 46.2 42.1 40.9 47.6 42.3 41.4 46.8

32.1 28.4 41.4 31.6 28.6 41.3 31.8 28.0 42.1 32.9 28.7 41.0 34.0 31.5 44.5 32.7 30.1 44.5 34.3 31.3 43.6 35.0 32.6 45.1 35.1 32.8 45.9

16.3 13.4 23.6 15.6 13.7 22.0 15.9 12.8 24.2 17.4 13.8 24.2 18.5 16.5 26.7 17.2 15.1 26.7 18.8 16.6 25.8 19.4 17.4 27.7 19.2 17.6 27.1

30.8 32.6 26.1 31.1 32.5 26.5 30.0 32.0 24.5 31.1 33.4 26.8 31.5 32.8 26.0 31.6 33.0 25.3 31.9 33.5 27.1 30.9 32.1 25.5 31.4 32.5 25.9

18.8 19.7 16.5 18.2 19.0 15.5 18.0 18.9 15.5 20.2 21.4 18.0 20.8 21.6 17.6 20.7 21.4 17.3 21.1 22.0 18.1 20.6 21.4 17.5 20.9 21.7 17.2

2.84 2.80 2.93 2.89 2.85 3.02 2.77 2.74 2.84 2.84 2.79 2.94 2.84 2.80 2.97 2.78 2.75 2.93 2.88 2.84 2.98 2.85 2.82 2.98 2.86 2.82 3.03

3.45 3.46 3.44 3.52 3.52 3.51 3.40 3.41 3.35 3.43 3.43 3.44 3.42 3.42 3.45 3.39 3.38 3.41 3.46 3.45 3.47 3.43 3.42 3.46 3.44 3.43 3.49

122 169 952 790 235 554 162 864 203 201 001 052 949 660

054 430 624 086 478 608 538 006 157 221 936 836 100 849

31.7 31.6 31.7 32.0 31.9 33.6 29.7 33.5 34.3 32.9 34.5 34.1 34.9 32.8

7.9 8.7 6.2 5.6 5.4 8.8 9.5 10.8 10.4 8.6 10.5 9.8 11.3 11.2

28.2 28.4 28.0 27.7 27.8 26.4 29.6 27.4 26.2 26.8 26.1 25.7 26.6 28.5

83.4 79.9 91.4 88.2 88.3 87.1 111.7 88.2 81.7 83.4 81.5 84.3 78.6 93.8

3.8 3.2 5.3 4.3 4.0 7.1 11.3 6.1 6.6 6.8 6.6 7.5 5.5 5.8

8 5 2 2 2

455 925 530 201 028 173 329 1 520 712 65 647 341 305 807

952 383 569 473 435 038 096 209 516 249 267 554 713 693

69.5 67.5 74.0 73.5 73.5 73.5 77.3 73.2 70.8 71.7 70.7 69.9 71.7 75.2

39.0 37.2 43.2 43.7 43.8 43.0 39.4 40.3 41.3 41.7 41.3 41.5 41.0 39.4

33.5 29.5 42.8 41.9 42.2 37.9 49.0 38.0 32.6 35.5 32.4 32.5 32.1 42.8

17.4 14.5 24.3 24.1 24.4 21.0 25.4 20.1 17.6 19.5 17.4 17.9 16.9 22.3

30.7 32.7 26.0 26.4 26.1 30.5 22.9 30.1 33.6 31.7 33.8 32.9 34.9 27.0

19.2 20.4 16.3 17.0 16.8 19.4 11.9 18.1 21.7 20.2 21.9 21.6 22.1 14.9

2.85 2.80 2.97 2.95 2.95 2.98 3.13 3.00 2.89 2.87 2.89 2.85 2.93 3.10

3.45 3.44 3.47 3.45 3.44 3.52 3.62 3.60 3.51 3.44 3.52 3.49 3.56 3.68

638 140 497 705 585 119 368 202 166 564 352 211 483 029 454 351 336 015 174 387 787 1 819 1 191 628 138 114 23

128 180 948 099 464 635 985 461 524 044 255 789 926 250 676 612 258 354 861 488 373 417 268 149 036 236 800

31.0 30.8 31.3 29.8 29.8 29.9 31.1 30.6 31.8 32.8 32.9 32.7 33.3 33.6 32.7 32.5 32.5 32.4 34.3 34.9 33.2 33.6 34.2 32.6 33.9 34.5 31.2

7.8 8.7 5.6 8.2 8.8 6.4 7.2 8.9 4.6 7.8 8.4 6.1 8.2 8.5 7.6 8.3 8.7 7.4 7.8 8.2 7.1 8.4 8.4 8.3 9.9 9.4 12.1

28.7 29.0 28.3 29.5 29.7 29.0 28.6 29.1 28.0 27.6 27.7 27.6 27.0 26.9 27.3 27.6 27.6 27.7 26.7 26.5 26.8 26.4 26.0 27.1 26.2 25.8 28.2

82.7 79.9 89.2 81.6 78.8 89.4 83.0 80.8 86.5 84.1 80.8 94.1 85.1 79.9 96.6 82.7 78.6 92.9 86.2 80.3 97.4 88.1 81.6 101.3 87.7 82.5 115.9

3.4 2.9 4.4 3.5 2.8 5.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.8 3.1 5.8 5.0 3.9 7.2 4.1 3.5 5.6 5.2 3.6 8.0 6.3 5.0 8.6 6.1 4.9 11.5

5 4 1 2 1

262 163 099 861 758 103 955 432 523 446 973 473 690 220 470 147 418 729 863 127 736 034 177 857 646 498 148

68.8 66.9 73.3 68.6 66.9 73.4 68.7 66.1 72.7 69.3 67.7 74.0 71.1 69.1 75.7 70.2 68.2 75.2 72.2 70.2 76.0 71.7 69.6 76.2 69.6 69.0 72.9

37.9 35.9 42.7 36.2 34.7 40.5 38.7 35.4 44.0 39.9 38.4 44.2 41.4 40.2 44.2 40.1 38.7 43.7 42.7 41.6 44.9 42.2 41.3 44.2 41.1 41.7 38.1

32.6 28.6 42.0 32.0 28.5 41.9 33.6 28.3 42.0 32.5 29.2 42.5 35.6 31.7 44.6 34.7 30.8 44.5 36.3 32.2 44.5 36.6 32.8 44.6 35.5 33.1 48.5

16.7 13.7 23.8 15.8 13.5 22.3 17.8 13.2 25.0 16.8 14.3 24.0 19.3 16.6 25.5 18.5 15.7 25.4 20.0 17.1 25.7 20.1 17.7 25.3 19.6 18.4 25.9

30.6 32.7 25.8 30.8 32.5 26.0 29.5 32.1 25.4 31.7 33.5 26.5 30.8 32.7 26.2 30.7 32.7 25.6 31.1 33.3 26.8 30.5 32.3 26.7 29.4 31.2 19.7

18.9 19.9 16.3 18.0 18.8 15.5 18.4 19.8 16.3 20.8 21.9 17.7 19.9 21.5 16.4 19.5 21.0 16.0 20.6 22.4 17.0 20.0 21.6 16.6 19.4 21.1 10.4

2.84 2.80 2.95 2.87 2.84 2.98 2.82 2.75 2.94 2.81 2.78 2.92 2.87 2.80 3.02 2.83 2.77 2.98 2.92 2.85 3.06 2.90 2.82 3.06 2.83 2.81 2.95

3.45 3.45 3.45 3.49 3.50 3.47 3.43 3.42 3.45 3.41 3.41 3.41 3.46 3.42 3.53 3.42 3.39 3.48 3.49 3.45 3.56 3.48 3.43 3.56 3.47 3.46 3.54

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

153 533 308 225 619 366 253 832 447 205 3 179

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

15 10 4 5 4 1 4 3 1 5 3 1 8 6 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 2

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

25 17 7 6 6 1 4 2 2 1 2

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

12

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

17 12 5 7 5 2 5 3 2 4 3 1 7 5 2 3 2 1 2 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 1

981 204 777 580 909 671 844 129 715 555 164 390 474 721 753 136 814 321 704 468 236 588 400 187 45 38 7

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

361

Section Five: Census Data

Table 9.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



All households with an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

1 959 234

35.6

5.8

26.2

94.2

2.9

591 372

74.8

45.1

48.0

28.1

20.4

13.3

3.12

3.60

1 100 768 468 299 332 134 197 858 108 140 610

534 135 915 220 399 735 664 700 037 600 063

33.1 31.1 31.6 30.2 37.8 35.4 39.5 38.7 40.0 42.2 37.7

5.4 5.1 5.3 4.9 6.1 6.3 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.4

26.8 27.7 27.1 28.7 24.7 25.2 24.2 25.3 24.3 23.1 26.0

92.5 93.6 92.3 95.4 89.8 89.7 89.9 96.7 90.1 97.1 97.8

3.7 3.6 4.2 2.6 4.1 5.4 3.3 1.8 2.0 .9 1.9

349 252 155 97 97 42 54 241 31 37 173

899 845 508 337 054 111 943 473 067 317 089

70.9 69.3 66.3 74.1 75.1 71.5 77.9 80.3 78.5 80.3 80.7

42.7 40.6 39.6 42.4 48.1 45.0 50.5 48.5 50.1 51.2 47.6

44.3 43.2 37.8 51.8 47.1 45.0 48.7 53.4 47.0 47.5 55.8

25.3 23.9 21.0 28.7 28.9 26.4 30.9 32.0 29.4 30.7 32.8

20.9 20.4 22.6 16.8 22.2 21.3 23.0 19.8 24.3 23.8 18.2

14.1 13.6 15.4 10.8 15.5 15.3 15.7 12.2 16.2 15.1 10.8

2.93 2.86 2.81 2.94 3.13 2.87 3.32 3.39 3.32 3.63 3.35

3.44 3.37 3.38 3.36 3.61 3.38 3.78 3.80 3.76 4.07 3.75

389 207 181 113 62 50 79 34 45 196 110 86 379 261 117 95 59 35 105 71 34 100 72 28 77 58 18

044 148 896 011 270 741 264 199 065 769 679 090 091 767 324 114 119 995 896 368 528 675 491 184 406 789 617

29.7 30.2 29.0 28.0 28.0 27.9 26.2 25.4 26.8 32.1 33.0 30.9 32.5 32.7 32.1 32.1 31.4 33.2 32.4 32.6 32.2 32.0 32.8 29.8 33.7 33.9 33.2

5.1 5.3 4.9 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.6 6.7 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.3 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.8 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.1

28.4 27.7 29.3 29.4 29.2 29.6 30.3 30.2 30.4 27.1 26.2 28.4 26.8 26.5 27.7 27.4 27.5 27.3 27.1 26.7 28.1 26.8 26.4 28.1 25.7 25.4 26.8

93.9 93.6 94.3 93.9 94.0 93.7 94.1 94.3 94.0 93.9 93.1 94.9 93.1 91.3 97.3 92.8 92.3 93.7 90.7 88.1 96.3 95.2 92.6 101.9 94.2 92.8 98.9

3.0 3.8 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.9 4.2 1.9 3.2 4.2 2.0 4.2 4.5 3.5 3.1 3.8 2.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 5.2 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.8 4.5

128 68 59 36 20 16 28 12 15 63 35 28 124 86 37 31 20 11 35 24 11 32 23 9 24 18 5

575 687 888 625 455 170 181 718 463 769 514 255 270 821 449 920 534 386 206 057 149 531 458 073 613 772 841

68.6 64.6 73.1 69.0 65.5 73.4 66.5 59.7 72.1 69.2 65.9 73.4 70.1 67.7 75.7 69.1 65.7 75.3 70.4 67.7 76.3 69.7 67.8 74.7 71.5 69.9 76.8

39.1 37.5 40.9 37.4 35.7 39.5 35.3 31.0 38.9 41.8 40.9 42.9 42.2 41.2 44.7 40.3 38.1 44.2 41.6 40.1 44.9 43.0 42.6 43.9 44.7 44.2 46.5

42.0 34.6 50.4 41.6 35.8 49.0 43.5 34.1 51.3 41.5 34.1 50.7 44.4 40.3 54.1 44.3 39.1 53.7 45.2 40.6 55.0 44.0 40.1 54.0 44.1 41.2 53.2

23.0 19.1 27.4 22.8 20.2 26.1 22.6 16.8 27.4 23.3 19.3 28.3 24.9 22.4 30.6 24.4 20.9 30.7 24.9 22.1 31.0 25.0 23.0 30.2 25.2 23.6 30.3

20.4 23.3 17.0 20.3 22.2 18.1 17.8 20.5 15.6 21.5 25.0 17.2 20.3 22.1 16.4 19.5 21.2 16.4 19.8 21.6 15.8 20.5 22.4 15.7 22.1 23.2 18.4

13.0 15.1 10.6 11.6 12.6 10.4 10.3 12.0 9.0 15.0 17.7 11.6 14.2 15.6 11.0 13.0 14.3 10.6 13.5 14.8 10.7 14.9 16.5 10.8 16.1 17.1 13.0

2.89 2.85 2.94 2.99 2.94 3.06 2.74 2.62 2.83 2.91 2.88 2.93 2.83 2.78 2.94 2.79 2.71 2.94 2.81 2.76 2.93 2.84 2.81 2.91 2.89 2.86 2.99

3.41 3.45 3.37 3.53 3.56 3.50 3.30 3.32 3.28 3.39 3.44 3.35 3.32 3.32 3.34 3.33 3.31 3.37 3.31 3.30 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.31 3.35 3.35 3.34

1 002 465 537 366 302 63 171 956 270 8 261 106 155 686

984 364 620 132 903 229 488 250 174 925 249 069 180 076

31.9 31.6 32.2 31.1 30.2 35.3 34.5 39.4 38.3 33.4 38.5 35.8 40.3 39.8

5.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 4.9 6.4 5.9 6.3 6.0 4.9 6.0 6.3 5.8 6.5

27.7 27.1 28.3 28.3 28.7 26.7 28.3 24.4 24.2 25.4 24.1 24.8 23.6 24.6

94.8 92.2 97.0 95.0 95.5 92.6 101.7 93.6 89.3 96.6 89.0 88.3 89.6 95.3

3.4 4.2 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.3 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.8 3.6 1.5

323 154 169 118 98 19 51 267 77 2 74 32 42 190

542 315 227 225 568 657 002 830 696 815 881 868 013 134

71.5 66.3 76.3 74.6 74.2 77.0 80.0 78.7 74.5 69.8 74.7 70.4 78.0 80.4

41.8 39.5 43.8 43.1 42.4 46.6 45.4 49.0 48.4 44.2 48.6 44.9 51.5 49.3

46.2 37.7 54.0 52.0 51.9 52.4 58.5 50.1 45.6 44.3 45.7 43.1 47.7 52.0

25.7 20.9 30.0 28.9 28.7 30.1 32.5 30.9 28.5 25.9 28.6 25.5 31.1 31.9

19.5 22.7 16.6 17.1 16.7 19.1 15.4 21.6 23.0 19.6 23.1 22.1 23.9 21.0

12.9 15.4 10.6 11.2 10.7 13.3 9.4 13.8 16.1 14.6 16.2 16.1 16.3 12.9

2.92 2.81 3.02 2.96 2.94 3.05 3.17 3.36 3.14 2.86 3.15 2.85 3.39 3.45

3.40 3.38 3.42 3.37 3.36 3.44 3.52 3.82 3.65 3.34 3.67 3.38 3.87 3.88

530 241 289 201 91 110 114 42 72 214 107 106 472 223 248 188 82 105 115 56 59 146 68 78 21 16 5

902 540 362 590 201 389 976 873 103 336 466 870 082 824 258 446 651 795 866 851 015 185 103 082 585 219 366

30.3 30.4 30.2 28.3 27.9 28.7 29.0 28.0 29.5 32.9 33.5 32.4 33.8 33.0 34.5 33.4 31.7 34.8 31.9 32.0 31.9 35.0 34.1 35.9 38.0 38.2 37.2

5.1 5.3 5.0 5.9 6.1 5.7 4.9 5.8 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.8 5.7 5.4 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.4 5.2 5.7 5.2 4.7 5.6 4.7 4.7 4.7

28.4 27.7 29.0 29.5 29.2 29.7 29.3 29.0 29.4 26.8 25.9 27.8 26.9 26.4 27.5 27.5 27.6 27.5 27.4 26.4 28.6 26.2 25.8 26.7 23.3 22.8 25.3

95.4 93.6 97.0 94.7 94.1 95.3 95.8 94.2 96.8 95.8 92.8 98.9 94.0 90.8 97.1 93.0 90.5 95.0 95.3 91.8 98.8 95.0 91.1 98.7 88.9 86.5 96.6

3.2 3.8 2.7 2.9 3.4 2.4 2.9 4.2 2.2 3.7 4.1 3.4 3.6 4.6 2.6 2.6 3.2 2.0 3.8 4.5 3.1 4.1 5.6 2.8 7.3 7.9 5.4

173 80 93 65 30 35 39 15 23 68 34 33 150 73 76 61 28 32 37 18 18 44 21 23 6 4 1

535 394 141 905 249 656 230 312 918 400 833 567 007 921 086 285 664 621 521 844 677 976 739 237 225 674 551

70.1 64.9 74.6 70.0 65.5 73.8 69.4 60.9 74.8 70.7 66.2 75.3 73.1 67.8 78.3 72.8 67.0 77.8 72.7 67.8 77.6 73.8 67.8 79.5 74.6 73.0 79.2

40.4 38.0 42.4 38.4 36.0 40.4 39.0 33.3 42.7 43.0 41.8 44.3 43.4 41.2 45.6 41.4 38.0 44.3 43.2 41.6 44.9 45.4 43.0 47.6 50.5 50.8 49.6

44.1 35.1 52.0 44.2 36.6 50.6 46.2 34.0 54.1 42.9 34.2 51.9 48.6 40.6 56.4 49.9 42.4 56.6 47.9 40.4 55.6 48.3 39.2 56.8 42.3 37.4 57.1

24.4 19.4 28.6 23.9 20.3 27.0 25.1 17.1 30.1 24.4 19.7 29.3 27.2 22.6 31.7 27.1 22.3 31.3 26.9 22.8 30.9 27.8 22.4 32.8 26.2 23.8 33.7

19.8 23.3 16.8 19.3 21.8 17.1 17.9 21.6 15.5 21.5 25.4 17.5 19.1 21.9 16.3 17.6 19.7 15.9 19.1 21.6 16.6 19.9 23.3 16.8 27.0 30.3 17.0

12.8 15.3 10.6 11.4 12.7 10.2 11.3 13.6 9.8 15.1 18.3 11.7 13.1 15.5 10.7 11.4 13.0 10.0 13.1 15.3 10.8 14.2 17.3 11.3 20.8 23.4 12.7

2.93 2.85 3.00 2.97 2.91 3.02 2.82 2.64 2.93 2.95 2.88 3.02 2.92 2.77 3.06 2.86 2.70 3.01 2.93 2.82 3.03 2.97 2.78 3.14 3.02 3.00 3.08

3.42 3.44 3.41 3.47 3.51 3.44 3.32 3.30 3.32 3.43 3.43 3.42 3.38 3.31 3.44 3.35 3.27 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.40 3.42 3.31 3.50 3.49 3.50 3.45

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

362

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

13

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 10.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of Asian or Pacific Islander Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All Asian or Pacific Islander persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



All households with an Asian or Pacific Islander householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

7 273 662

28.6

6.2

29.8

92.6

2.1

2 013 735

77.4

45.5

62.8

39.2

9.5

4.8

3.34

3.80

6 6 3 3

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

934 507 421 085 427 227 199 338 65 17 255

689 391 439 952 298 888 410 973 784 286 903

28.4 28.2 26.8 29.7 31.1 29.0 33.5 34.1 32.8 32.5 34.5

6.2 6.2 7.2 5.1 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.8 10.9 10.3 5.5

29.8 30.0 29.6 30.3 27.4 27.4 27.4 29.6 30.4 30.4 29.3

93.2 93.2 95.6 90.6 91.8 94.3 88.8 80.1 86.7 81.8 78.3

2.0 1.8 2.5 1.1 5.2 6.0 4.3 3.4 1.9 4.1 3.7

1 934 866 1 823 436 995 571 827 865 111 430 62 955 48 475 78 869 17 569 4 208 57 092

77.2 77.4 72.4 83.4 75.3 71.3 80.4 81.6 79.1 77.6 82.7

45.4 45.4 40.1 51.8 45.5 42.5 49.2 48.8 42.9 39.1 51.3

62.6 62.7 56.5 70.1 60.8 58.1 64.3 68.9 63.5 61.1 71.1

39.1 39.2 33.5 46.1 37.5 35.5 40.2 42.2 35.0 31.4 45.2

9.5 9.5 10.3 8.5 10.0 9.0 11.2 8.4 10.5 10.6 7.5

4.8 4.7 5.0 4.3 6.0 5.4 6.8 4.7 5.8 5.4 4.4

3.34 3.35 3.23 3.49 3.27 3.08 3.52 3.33 3.28 3.21 3.36

3.81 3.81 3.80 3.82 3.77 3.64 3.92 3.71 3.72 3.69 3.71

815 347 467 297 143 154 270 548 721 1 247 655 591 1 692 1 073 618 698 410 287 352 232 119 433 274 159 207 155 52

262 588 674 774 533 241 383 749 634 105 306 799 129 851 278 114 967 147 353 973 380 880 240 640 782 671 111

27.7 25.9 29.5 26.5 24.0 28.9 27.3 24.6 29.4 30.5 30.4 30.6 29.5 28.8 30.7 25.4 22.6 29.6 35.2 36.6 32.7 30.1 30.1 30.2 32.1 31.3 34.6

6.1 7.2 5.0 6.3 7.3 5.4 6.5 8.5 4.9 5.3 6.0 4.5 6.5 7.1 5.5 9.6 11.7 6.6 4.4 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.0 5.1 3.6 3.6 3.6

30.4 30.2 30.5 31.1 31.2 30.9 30.6 30.5 30.7 28.6 28.0 29.4 28.6 28.0 29.6 31.6 32.2 30.7 26.1 24.8 29.2 27.5 26.8 29.1 25.0 24.8 26.0

94.1 96.4 91.9 95.7 97.4 93.9 92.9 95.5 90.8 92.4 95.3 89.3 90.7 93.7 85.7 91.3 92.5 89.5 89.1 95.1 78.9 91.2 95.2 84.7 90.4 92.7 83.5

1.4 2.0 .9 1.2 1.5 .9 1.7 3.1 .7 1.6 1.9 1.2 3.0 3.6 2.0 2.3 3.3 .9 2.1 2.3 1.8 3.7 4.1 3.0 5.5 5.5 5.5

1 355 686 668 655 344 310 362 166 196 337 175 161 468 308 159 208 132 76 89 59 30 116 75 40 53 41 12

163 728 435 466 618 848 354 311 043 343 799 544 273 843 430 783 387 396 710 159 551 100 703 397 680 594 086

78.2 73.1 83.5 79.1 73.7 85.1 77.3 69.6 83.8 77.6 75.3 80.1 74.8 70.8 82.7 74.4 68.8 84.1 77.5 75.9 80.5 75.3 71.7 81.9 71.2 68.0 82.1

46.0 40.0 52.2 45.5 38.9 52.9 45.1 36.5 52.5 48.1 45.7 50.6 43.5 40.2 50.0 37.3 31.0 48.3 51.9 51.1 53.5 46.7 45.4 49.0 47.1 44.5 55.8

63.6 57.0 70.4 64.4 57.5 72.1 63.2 54.1 70.9 62.4 58.8 66.3 60.2 55.5 69.2 58.8 52.4 69.9 62.5 59.7 68.0 61.5 57.8 68.4 58.8 55.4 70.2

40.1 33.8 46.7 40.1 33.2 47.8 39.5 30.6 47.1 40.8 37.9 43.9 36.6 33.0 43.5 31.1 24.9 41.8 43.4 41.8 46.7 39.6 37.9 42.6 40.1 37.5 48.9

9.3 10.1 8.3 9.1 9.9 8.1 9.0 9.9 8.2 9.9 10.7 9.0 10.2 10.6 9.4 10.9 11.7 9.7 10.4 11.3 8.8 9.5 9.5 9.5 8.5 8.6 8.2

4.4 4.7 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.0 5.6 6.1 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0 6.8 7.5 5.4 5.6 5.9 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.4

3.38 3.26 3.50 3.39 3.21 3.59 3.33 3.12 3.50 3.41 3.47 3.34 3.26 3.16 3.45 3.12 2.89 3.51 3.53 3.64 3.32 3.28 3.20 3.42 3.28 3.22 3.51

3.82 3.82 3.83 3.81 3.74 3.87 3.80 3.78 3.82 3.87 4.00 3.75 3.77 3.76 3.79 3.63 3.50 3.81 4.05 4.22 3.73 3.76 3.76 3.77 3.88 3.87 3.91

6 3 3 3 3

823 373 450 262 125 136 187 449 298 23 275 165 110 150

859 675 184 758 833 925 426 803 962 044 918 504 414 841

28.5 26.8 30.1 29.9 29.7 33.6 34.2 30.8 29.2 23.7 29.6 27.6 32.7 33.9

6.2 7.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.9 5.7 7.3 6.8 2.9 7.1 6.9 7.4 8.2

29.9 29.6 30.2 30.2 30.3 26.9 29.7 27.9 27.3 24.9 27.6 27.3 28.2 29.4

92.7 95.6 89.9 90.4 90.6 86.2 81.3 89.7 95.3 101.9 94.8 96.5 92.0 78.7

1.9 2.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 4.2 2.9 5.4 6.2 10.5 5.8 6.8 4.4 3.9

1 896 982 913 870 838 32 43 117 81 6 75 47 28 35

281 551 730 648 502 146 082 454 811 234 577 167 410 643

77.7 72.3 83.4 83.4 83.4 81.8 83.9 73.6 71.3 59.2 72.3 69.1 77.8 78.9

45.7 40.1 51.8 51.8 51.8 51.6 52.4 42.7 42.0 36.1 42.5 39.8 46.9 44.4

63.1 56.5 70.1 70.0 70.2 66.2 72.8 59.6 57.6 49.4 58.3 55.6 62.6 64.2

39.5 33.5 45.9 45.9 46.0 42.9 46.8 35.2 34.5 30.9 34.8 32.7 38.3 36.6

9.5 10.3 8.6 8.7 8.6 10.9 7.2 9.5 9.4 6.6 9.6 9.3 10.3 9.7

4.7 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 6.7 4.0 5.6 5.7 3.9 5.8 5.5 6.3 5.6

3.36 3.23 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.64 3.44 3.11 3.08 2.81 3.10 2.97 3.32 3.20

3.81 3.80 3.83 3.83 3.82 4.03 3.77 3.62 3.62 3.43 3.63 3.55 3.76 3.64

317 524 792 518 724 793 910 322 587 888 477 410 1 506 849 657 875 454 421 358 220 138 251 157 93 20 16 4

229 580 649 730 860 870 401 412 989 098 308 790 630 095 535 741 580 161 684 522 162 215 629 586 990 364 626

28.1 26.2 29.8 26.9 24.7 29.0 29.2 26.6 30.6 31.9 31.4 32.4 29.9 28.7 31.4 27.5 24.9 30.3 33.5 34.7 31.6 33.1 31.6 35.5 30.1 28.9 34.2

5.9 7.0 5.0 6.6 7.8 5.4 4.4 5.3 3.9 4.8 5.2 4.3 7.1 7.8 6.3 9.3 11.0 7.4 4.9 5.0 4.9 3.2 2.8 3.9 2.2 2.4 1.8

30.2 30.0 30.3 30.9 31.0 30.8 29.3 28.3 29.9 27.5 26.8 28.6 28.8 28.4 29.5 30.8 31.2 30.5 26.6 25.7 28.5 25.5 25.2 26.2 25.1 24.9 25.9

93.6 96.4 91.1 94.4 96.2 92.6 94.0 100.2 90.6 89.9 94.2 85.1 89.6 93.1 85.2 91.3 93.0 89.3 86.9 91.8 79.9 87.3 94.8 75.4 89.6 95.6 69.6

1.6 2.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.8 3.5 .8 2.1 2.4 1.8 3.0 3.6 2.2 2.3 3.1 1.4 3.1 3.0 3.4 5.0 5.5 4.2 7.6 8.2 5.4

1 485 735 749 992 507 485 258 99 158 235 128 106 410 246 163 250 141 108 91 57 33 63 42 20 5 4

853 860 993 516 210 306 229 951 278 108 699 409 428 691 737 038 894 144 094 307 787 758 912 846 538 578 960

78.2 73.0 83.4 78.9 74.0 84.1 77.1 67.7 83.1 76.5 73.0 80.7 75.5 70.3 83.3 76.3 69.7 85.0 76.7 74.6 80.2 71.7 67.6 80.2 65.3 62.4 79.1

46.5 40.4 52.4 45.5 39.4 51.9 48.4 39.1 54.3 48.5 45.7 52.0 43.0 39.0 49.0 39.2 33.1 47.3 49.9 49.0 51.3 47.8 44.9 53.8 42.8 40.4 54.4

63.8 56.9 70.4 64.2 57.8 71.0 63.6 52.1 70.8 61.8 57.3 67.3 60.5 55.0 68.8 60.5 53.5 69.7 62.1 59.2 66.9 58.9 55.0 67.0 54.3 51.4 68.3

40.5 34.0 46.8 39.9 33.5 46.6 42.3 31.9 48.8 41.0 37.6 45.1 36.0 32.0 41.9 32.7 26.9 40.3 41.8 40.4 44.2 40.3 37.6 45.7 36.8 34.5 47.8

9.2 10.2 8.2 9.2 10.2 8.3 8.5 9.9 7.7 9.8 10.5 9.1 10.5 10.7 10.2 11.1 11.5 10.7 10.1 10.7 9.1 8.8 8.6 9.3 7.5 7.6 7.2

4.5 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.7 5.6 4.1 5.9 6.4 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.1 4.9 5.3 6.4 6.9 5.5 6.0 5.8 6.4 5.0 4.9 5.4

3.38 3.26 3.49 3.40 3.28 3.53 3.28 3.00 3.45 3.37 3.39 3.36 3.29 3.13 3.53 3.25 2.99 3.59 3.44 3.49 3.36 3.23 3.12 3.46 2.92 2.90 3.04

3.82 3.82 3.82 3.82 3.80 3.84 3.75 3.65 3.80 3.88 3.99 3.76 3.80 3.76 3.86 3.74 3.61 3.88 3.95 4.07 3.76 3.84 3.80 3.92 3.60 3.64 3.45

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

4 2 2 2 1 1 1

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

14

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

5 2 2 3 1 1

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

363

Section Five: Census Data

Table 11.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of Hispanic Origin Persons and Households: 1990

[Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All Hispanic origin persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



All households with an Hispanic origin householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

22 354 059

34.7

5.2

25.5

103.3

2.3

6 001 718

79.8

50.5

54.9

35.5

17.7

11.6

3.53

3.88

20 18 11 6 2 1

228 980 728 252 248 447 801 831 036 028 767

34.4 33.9 34.2 33.6 38.6 38.2 39.1 37.8 39.8 40.2 37.2

5.2 5.2 5.4 4.8 5.7 5.5 5.8 4.9 5.9 7.0 4.6

25.5 25.7 25.5 26.0 23.7 23.7 23.8 24.8 23.8 24.0 25.0

101.6 101.1 100.1 102.9 106.2 105.2 107.3 124.8 107.1 106.9 129.8

2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 6.1 2.0 1.8 7.2

5 4 3 1

600 108 492 469 558 911 189 286 902 940 262 677 755 563 192 284 923 361 344 982 361 348 049 298 778 607 170

190 012 178 886 322 564 445 752 693 859 938 921 790 716 074 790 451 339 597 762 835 272 745 527 131 758 373

33.0 33.0 33.0 33.3 33.1 33.6 34.1 34.5 33.4 31.9 32.1 31.7 36.6 36.7 36.2 35.5 35.7 34.8 36.8 36.7 37.1 37.2 37.5 36.3 36.9 36.9 36.8

5.2 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.9 7.3 8.0 6.2 5.1 5.2 4.7 5.4 5.6 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.2 4.6 4.8 3.8 5.0 5.0 4.9

26.0 25.9 26.2 25.7 25.7 25.5 25.4 24.9 26.0 27.4 27.2 27.6 24.5 24.4 25.0 25.3 25.0 26.0 24.8 24.8 24.9 23.9 23.8 24.1 24.1 24.0 24.5

101.6 101.2 102.2 102.1 100.6 104.7 108.6 111.2 104.9 97.1 97.2 97.0 99.6 97.5 106.1 93.3 90.7 100.3 97.7 96.2 101.8 104.4 101.3 115.6 106.2 104.7 112.1

1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 2.6 2.3 3.4 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.5 3.1 2.5 5.0 3.5 3.0 5.5

3 2 1 1 1

204 514 690 669 854 815 020 149 244 51 193 655 537 904

818 252 566 637 456 181 929 241 669 453 216 690 526 572

34.4 34.1 34.7 34.3 33.7 39.2 37.6 37.9 37.9 32.3 38.2 37.9 38.4 37.9

5.1 5.4 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.1 6.1 6.4 4.9 6.4 6.0 6.9 5.8

25.6 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.9 23.3 24.7 24.4 24.1 25.2 24.1 23.8 24.5 24.8

102.5 99.9 106.0 103.7 103.0 110.5 125.6 112.0 104.2 128.0 103.2 102.5 104.0 123.8

435 724 711 646 470 176 047 607 440 741 645 095 768 790 978 696 020 675 1 941 1 065 876 1 048 636 411 83 67 15

936 237 699 762 682 080 711 576 135 463 979 484 882 015 867 135 275 860 524 089 435 036 781 255 187 870 317

33.5 33.3 33.6 33.7 33.4 34.2 30.9 31.0 30.9 35.4 35.5 35.2 37.3 36.6 38.2 36.7 36.3 37.2 37.5 36.7 38.4 37.8 37.0 39.0 37.5 37.1 39.1

5.1 5.3 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.4 6.6 7.3 5.8 5.5 6.0 4.8 5.2 5.5 4.7 5.0 5.4 4.4 5.4 5.7 5.1 4.9 5.4 4.2 5.6 5.9 4.3

25.9 25.8 26.0 25.5 25.6 25.4 27.5 27.2 28.0 25.3 25.2 25.6 24.4 24.5 24.1 24.7 24.7 24.6 24.4 24.8 24.0 23.7 23.9 23.4 24.3 24.4 24.0

102.7 101.3 104.6 103.9 101.7 106.8 101.7 104.0 99.3 99.9 97.2 104.1 101.6 95.5 110.9 99.7 92.5 111.8 101.5 96.5 108.2 104.9 98.7 115.6 100.0 97.6 111.7

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

426 355 671 684 070 102 967 1 927 318 89 1 520

530 988 235 753 542 291 251 470 82 23 364

932 301 169 132 631 255 376 786 639 929 218

79.5 79.2 77.5 82.3 82.0 81.4 82.7 83.5 83.3 80.0 83.8

50.2 49.7 48.8 51.5 54.4 54.0 54.9 54.3 54.7 50.2 54.5

53.9 53.3 49.2 60.8 59.7 58.3 61.3 67.3 63.9 61.7 68.4

34.8 34.2 31.5 39.1 40.0 38.9 41.2 44.6 42.7 39.0 45.5

18.4 18.6 20.8 14.6 16.1 16.8 15.3 10.0 13.3 12.5 9.1

12.1 12.2 13.8 9.2 11.1 11.7 10.5 6.5 8.8 8.1 5.9

3.53 3.52 3.47 3.62 3.56 3.53 3.59 3.62 3.60 3.36 3.64

3.88 3.87 3.87 3.88 3.91 3.88 3.94 3.95 3.95 3.79 3.96

683 245 437 938 224 714 596 353 242 1 149 668 481 1 304 989 315 368 266 101 370 275 95 356 281 75 209 166 43

627 865 762 047 019 028 053 545 508 527 301 226 674 304 370 088 781 307 419 064 355 836 217 619 331 242 089

79.2 77.2 82.4 80.7 78.7 84.2 77.2 75.0 80.3 77.7 75.5 80.9 79.2 78.3 81.9 77.8 76.9 80.3 79.6 78.4 82.9 80.0 79.6 81.7 79.4 78.3 83.4

49.1 47.7 51.1 51.1 49.9 53.3 49.7 48.7 51.2 45.3 43.3 47.9 51.6 51.1 53.1 49.7 49.3 51.0 51.3 50.7 53.3 53.4 53.1 54.4 52.3 51.5 55.3

52.8 47.9 60.4 51.1 45.8 60.3 53.8 49.5 60.1 55.1 51.0 60.8 54.6 52.1 62.4 52.4 49.0 61.3 54.1 51.4 62.1 56.2 54.2 63.5 56.6 54.8 63.5

33.7 30.5 38.7 33.8 30.2 39.9 36.2 33.8 39.7 32.3 29.3 36.4 35.5 33.8 40.8 33.2 31.0 39.1 34.7 32.8 40.1 37.7 36.3 42.8 37.3 36.0 42.4

18.6 21.0 14.8 20.8 23.9 15.6 15.6 17.2 13.2 16.4 17.9 14.3 18.6 20.1 13.8 19.9 22.4 13.6 19.4 20.8 15.1 17.7 19.1 12.2 16.6 17.2 14.1

11.9 13.6 9.2 13.4 15.6 9.6 10.2 11.4 8.5 10.1 11.0 8.9 13.1 14.2 9.4 13.8 15.6 9.1 13.4 14.6 10.2 12.6 13.7 8.6 11.7 12.2 9.8

3.56 3.51 3.65 3.74 3.64 3.92 3.50 3.51 3.49 3.29 3.26 3.33 3.42 3.40 3.47 3.29 3.28 3.33 3.42 3.39 3.53 3.52 3.52 3.54 3.44 3.41 3.56

3.90 3.89 3.90 4.02 3.96 4.11 3.89 3.97 3.78 3.68 3.71 3.64 3.81 3.82 3.80 3.73 3.75 3.68 3.81 3.80 3.85 3.89 3.90 3.85 3.82 3.81 3.86

2.1 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.4 6.7 4.5 3.9 10.9 3.6 3.8 3.3 5.4

5 3 2 1 1

427 196 230 994 794 200 236 574 340 14 326 177 148 233

548 572 976 710 407 303 266 170 214 034 180 936 244 956

79.7 77.5 83.0 82.7 82.4 84.9 85.8 80.4 79.8 72.1 80.2 80.0 80.4 81.2

50.4 48.7 52.7 52.3 51.6 57.7 56.9 51.8 52.0 45.9 52.2 52.5 51.9 51.6

54.3 49.0 61.9 61.0 60.8 62.3 69.9 60.8 58.1 52.7 58.3 57.5 59.3 64.7

35.1 31.4 40.4 39.6 39.2 43.2 47.5 39.4 37.8 32.8 38.0 37.8 38.4 41.8

18.1 20.9 14.2 14.7 14.6 15.5 9.6 13.9 16.3 14.2 16.3 16.9 15.7 10.4

11.9 13.8 9.1 9.4 9.2 10.8 6.3 9.4 11.1 10.4 11.2 11.6 10.6 6.8

3.55 3.47 3.66 3.65 3.62 3.83 3.81 3.39 3.37 2.98 3.38 3.40 3.37 3.43

3.89 3.87 3.93 3.91 3.89 4.09 4.07 3.80 3.78 3.41 3.80 3.81 3.78 3.81

1.8 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 2.6 2.1 3.5 2.9 2.2 3.8 2.6 2.0 3.6 2.7 2.0 3.7 3.5 2.9 4.4 3.4 3.1 4.4

4 2 1 2 1 1

154 414 740 489 458 031 893 480 412 772 474 297 1 272 782 490 460 289 170 506 293 212 281 179 102 23 19 3

630 004 626 327 170 157 130 869 261 173 965 208 918 568 350 666 670 996 839 970 869 793 215 578 620 713 907

79.5 77.2 82.6 80.7 78.7 83.6 77.7 74.4 81.6 77.5 75.6 80.6 80.5 78.1 84.3 79.5 77.5 82.8 82.0 79.1 86.0 79.8 77.6 83.6 78.3 77.2 84.3

49.7 48.1 51.8 51.2 49.9 53.1 46.0 43.4 49.1 48.7 47.4 50.8 52.7 50.5 56.1 51.6 49.9 54.5 53.6 51.0 57.1 52.9 50.7 56.9 50.4 49.2 56.2

53.4 47.8 61.2 52.3 46.4 60.7 56.3 50.6 62.9 53.6 49.2 60.5 57.4 52.9 64.5 55.0 50.6 62.2 59.0 53.9 66.0 58.4 54.5 65.2 58.0 55.6 70.1

34.3 30.5 39.5 34.6 30.6 40.1 34.3 30.3 38.9 33.4 30.5 38.1 37.8 34.1 43.7 35.8 32.4 41.6 39.0 34.9 44.8 39.0 35.6 44.8 37.0 35.0 47.0

18.4 21.3 14.3 19.9 23.3 15.0 14.6 16.2 12.7 18.0 20.3 14.3 17.2 19.5 13.6 18.4 21.2 13.8 17.1 19.2 14.1 15.7 17.7 12.1 15.6 16.9 9.2

11.9 13.9 9.0 12.8 15.3 9.4 9.0 10.1 7.7 12.3 13.8 9.8 11.8 13.5 9.1 12.7 14.7 9.4 11.5 13.1 9.2 10.9 12.3 8.6 10.7 11.5 6.6

3.56 3.50 3.65 3.73 3.65 3.84 3.33 3.28 3.38 3.30 3.28 3.34 3.50 3.36 3.72 3.44 3.33 3.63 3.60 3.43 3.84 3.44 3.32 3.64 3.21 3.18 3.40

3.89 3.89 3.90 4.01 3.97 4.06 3.71 3.74 3.67 3.72 3.76 3.67 3.89 3.80 4.02 3.84 3.78 3.93 3.97 3.85 4.12 3.85 3.79 3.96 3.66 3.65 3.72

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

13 8 5 7 4 2 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

20 11 8 7 6 1 2 1 1

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

15 8 6 9 5 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 1

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

364

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

15

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 12.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of White, Not of Hispanic Origin Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All White, not of Hispanic origin persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States



All households with a White, not of Hispanic origin householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

188 128 296

23.3

14.4

34.9

92.0

2.5

73 633 749

69.2

31.1

57.8

25.4

8.6

4.5

2.51

3.03

133 109 46 63 23 11 12 54 6 3 45

375 975 619 355 399 020 379 752 119 352 280

398 510 577 933 888 682 206 898 686 640 572

22.0 21.6 19.6 23.1 23.8 23.1 24.4 26.4 25.1 25.9 26.7

15.0 14.5 15.9 13.5 17.1 16.2 17.8 13.0 18.1 18.7 11.8

34.8 34.9 34.7 35.0 34.5 33.5 35.4 35.0 36.2 36.3 34.8

90.0 90.8 90.1 91.3 86.5 87.2 85.9 97.2 86.5 88.7 99.5

3.0 2.6 3.8 1.8 4.7 5.7 3.9 1.4 2.5 1.4 1.3

53 44 19 24 9 4 4 19 2 1 16

651 437 974 462 214 338 875 982 404 332 245

540 315 619 696 225 311 914 209 005 309 895

65.9 65.5 58.5 71.2 67.5 65.9 68.9 78.1 70.6 70.5 79.9

29.0 28.5 24.5 31.7 31.4 30.8 32.0 36.8 32.6 32.4 37.8

53.9 53.6 46.3 59.6 55.1 53.5 56.5 68.3 58.8 59.6 70.4

23.1 22.8 18.7 26.2 24.2 23.5 24.8 31.6 25.9 26.4 32.9

9.2 9.0 9.4 8.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 7.0 9.1 8.1 6.5

4.8 4.5 4.7 4.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 3.8 5.3 4.6 3.4

2.43 2.43 2.27 2.56 2.43 2.41 2.45 2.71 2.49 2.49 2.76

3.00 3.00 2.92 3.05 2.98 2.97 2.99 3.10 3.02 3.04 3.12

60 19 40 19 6 12 15 4 11 25 8 16 49 26 22 13 5 7 11 5 6 14 8 6 9 6 3

537 991 545 120 619 500 815 469 345 601 902 699 437 627 810 340 938 401 544 459 085 821 799 021 731 430 301

603 801 802 102 612 490 595 665 930 906 524 382 907 776 131 475 917 558 438 291 147 260 544 716 734 024 710

20.9 17.5 22.6 19.3 15.5 21.3 21.1 16.8 22.9 22.0 19.4 23.4 22.5 21.2 24.0 22.4 20.2 24.2 22.5 20.9 23.9 22.5 21.6 23.8 22.5 21.8 23.9

14.6 16.9 13.5 16.1 19.1 14.5 13.0 15.5 12.0 14.4 15.9 13.7 14.4 15.1 13.6 14.1 14.8 13.5 14.7 15.8 13.7 14.0 14.7 13.0 15.2 15.4 14.8

35.5 36.0 35.2 37.0 38.4 36.3 34.9 35.3 34.7 34.9 34.9 34.9 34.0 33.6 34.6 34.2 33.6 34.6 34.6 34.4 34.7 33.5 33.2 34.1 33.9 33.2 35.0

91.3 91.8 91.0 90.9 90.5 91.1 91.6 92.3 91.3 91.4 92.5 90.8 90.1 88.8 91.8 90.4 90.2 90.6 89.6 88.0 91.1 90.9 89.0 93.7 89.1 87.7 92.1

2.1 3.2 1.5 2.1 2.9 1.6 2.1 3.6 1.5 2.1 3.3 1.4 3.3 4.2 2.2 2.5 3.7 1.6 2.8 3.8 1.9 3.7 4.2 3.0 4.2 4.9 2.7

24 8 15 7 3 4 6 2 4 10 3 6 19 11 8 5 2 2 4 2 2 5 3 2 3 2 1

680 944 735 803 037 766 395 030 365 481 877 604 757 030 727 390 538 851 634 300 333 870 594 276 862 596 265

136 618 518 290 073 217 313 143 170 533 402 131 179 001 178 389 831 558 179 188 991 252 039 213 359 943 416

64.7 54.6 70.5 64.2 52.9 71.4 64.6 52.0 70.4 65.2 57.2 69.9 66.5 61.8 72.5 65.9 59.1 71.9 67.2 61.5 72.7 66.4 62.5 72.7 66.7 63.5 73.4

27.4 21.0 31.0 25.2 18.2 29.6 28.1 20.1 31.8 28.6 23.7 31.4 29.8 27.3 33.0 29.3 25.3 32.8 29.8 26.6 32.9 30.1 28.1 33.3 30.1 28.6 33.0

53.0 42.8 58.9 52.6 41.3 59.8 52.9 40.4 58.6 53.5 45.1 58.4 54.4 49.2 61.0 53.8 46.3 60.4 55.0 48.8 61.1 54.4 50.1 61.3 54.6 51.1 61.9

22.3 16.2 25.8 21.1 14.6 25.3 23.0 15.4 26.5 22.8 18.0 25.6 23.5 20.6 27.1 23.3 19.0 27.0 23.6 20.1 27.0 23.8 21.5 27.4 23.3 21.7 26.7

8.8 8.8 8.8 8.6 8.4 8.7 8.8 8.7 8.9 8.9 9.1 8.7 9.4 9.8 8.8 9.3 9.9 8.8 9.4 9.9 9.0 9.3 9.7 8.6 9.5 9.8 8.8

4.0 3.9 4.1 3.2 2.9 3.4 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.2 5.5 4.7 4.9 5.2 4.7 5.1 5.4 4.7 5.2 5.5 4.7 5.5 5.8 5.0

2.42 2.18 2.56 2.42 2.14 2.60 2.44 2.14 2.58 2.41 2.24 2.51 2.44 2.33 2.57 2.43 2.27 2.57 2.44 2.31 2.57 2.45 2.36 2.58 2.43 2.37 2.55

3.01 2.90 3.06 3.04 2.91 3.10 3.03 2.89 3.08 2.97 2.90 3.01 2.99 2.94 3.04 3.00 2.92 3.06 2.99 2.92 3.04 2.99 2.96 3.04 2.96 2.94 2.99

140 45 94 70 63 7 23 47 16 1 15 7 7 30

496 957 538 615 480 134 923 632 871 238 633 910 722 760

200 707 493 050 467 583 443 096 318 190 128 296 832 778

22.6 19.6 24.2 23.3 23.1 25.1 26.6 25.2 23.1 22.1 23.2 22.6 23.8 26.3

13.9 15.9 13.0 13.7 13.5 15.1 10.9 15.7 17.9 15.7 18.0 16.6 19.5 14.6

34.8 34.7 34.8 34.9 35.0 33.8 34.5 35.2 34.8 33.4 34.9 33.6 36.3 35.4

91.8 89.9 92.8 91.1 91.3 88.8 98.3 92.5 86.1 92.5 85.6 86.9 84.2 96.4

2.4 3.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4 1.4 2.8 5.3 4.7 5.3 6.2 4.4 1.5

55 19 35 27 24 2 8 18 6

416 718 698 223 504 718 475 216 734 487 247 140 107 482

863 548 315 089 557 532 226 886 755 340 415 028 387 131

68.0 58.4 73.4 71.2 71.2 71.3 80.2 72.7 65.9 66.5 65.8 64.6 67.1 76.6

30.3 24.4 33.5 32.0 31.7 34.2 38.5 33.5 30.1 29.1 30.2 29.8 30.6 35.5

56.5 46.2 62.1 59.6 59.6 59.0 70.4 61.9 53.6 55.5 53.5 52.3 54.7 66.7

24.7 18.6 28.1 26.3 26.3 27.1 33.5 27.5 23.0 23.0 23.0 22.6 23.3 30.2

8.7 9.4 8.4 8.9 8.8 9.5 6.8 8.1 9.8 8.5 9.9 9.8 9.9 7.1

4.4 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.4 5.7 3.6 4.6 5.9 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 3.9

2.49 2.26 2.62 2.56 2.56 2.55 2.79 2.55 2.39 2.44 2.38 2.38 2.39 2.65

3.03 2.92 3.07 3.05 3.05 3.04 3.14 3.03 2.96 2.95 2.96 2.96 2.96 3.07

86 25 61 32 9 22 22 5 17 31 10 21 53 20 33 18 6 12 16 6 10 16 7 9 1 1

629 186 443 330 809 521 373 237 135 925 140 785 866 771 095 869 584 285 985 084 901 159 012 147 851 090 761

788 606 182 913 198 715 259 387 872 616 021 595 412 101 311 756 313 443 792 575 217 512 007 505 352 206 146

22.1 18.2 23.7 20.6 16.6 22.3 22.7 17.7 24.2 23.3 20.1 24.8 23.5 21.2 25.0 23.0 19.9 24.6 23.6 21.6 24.7 23.9 21.6 25.6 24.7 22.9 27.3

13.9 16.4 12.9 15.2 18.2 13.9 12.3 15.5 11.4 13.7 15.1 13.0 13.9 15.3 13.1 13.6 15.4 12.7 14.6 15.9 13.9 13.6 14.6 12.9 13.5 15.0 11.4

35.1 35.5 34.9 36.3 37.6 35.8 34.3 34.8 34.1 34.3 34.0 34.5 34.3 33.7 34.6 34.4 34.3 34.5 34.8 34.3 35.0 33.7 32.8 34.3 33.2 33.1 33.4

91.9 91.2 92.2 91.8 90.9 92.2 92.4 91.9 92.6 91.7 91.2 92.0 91.6 88.4 93.8 91.4 88.8 92.9 91.5 88.0 93.6 92.1 88.5 95.2 90.4 86.7 96.4

2.1 3.3 1.6 2.1 2.9 1.8 1.9 3.7 1.3 2.2 3.4 1.7 3.0 4.4 2.0 2.6 4.2 1.8 2.7 3.8 2.0 3.5 5.0 2.4 3.8 4.8 2.4

34 11 23 12 4 8 8 2 6 12 4 8 21 8 12 7 2 4 6 2 4 6 2 3

380 093 287 941 396 545 847 355 492 590 341 249 036 625 411 456 806 650 615 522 093 250 857 393 712 438 273

434 261 173 717 322 395 994 334 660 723 605 118 429 287 142 900 395 505 723 528 195 874 399 475 932 965 967

67.1 55.8 72.4 65.9 54.5 71.7 67.2 53.3 72.3 68.2 58.6 73.2 69.7 61.8 75.2 69.0 59.9 74.5 70.5 62.8 75.2 69.7 62.4 75.8 69.1 64.0 77.4

29.4 22.2 32.8 27.2 19.9 30.9 30.4 21.1 33.8 30.9 25.1 34.0 31.8 27.3 34.9 31.2 25.3 34.7 31.7 27.7 34.1 32.4 28.4 35.8 33.5 30.0 39.0

55.4 43.7 61.0 54.3 42.6 60.3 55.8 41.5 60.9 56.4 46.1 61.9 58.2 49.4 64.3 57.5 47.6 63.5 58.9 50.0 64.3 58.3 50.2 65.1 57.6 51.5 67.4

24.1 17.0 27.5 22.6 15.7 26.2 25.0 15.9 28.4 25.0 18.9 28.1 25.6 20.6 29.1 25.4 19.2 29.0 25.5 20.8 28.4 26.1 21.5 29.9 26.7 22.6 33.2

8.7 9.1 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.6 8.9 8.5 8.9 9.6 8.6 8.8 9.8 8.1 8.8 9.6 8.3 8.8 10.0 8.1 8.7 9.6 8.0 9.0 10.1 7.4

4.2 4.2 4.2 3.5 3.3 3.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.9 5.5 4.5 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.7 4.4 5.1 5.7 4.6 5.5 6.2 4.4

2.48 2.22 2.61 2.47 2.19 2.61 2.49 2.15 2.62 2.50 2.28 2.61 2.50 2.32 2.62 2.48 2.27 2.61 2.51 2.34 2.62 2.51 2.35 2.64 2.51 2.38 2.72

3.04 2.92 3.09 3.05 2.93 3.10 3.05 2.87 3.09 3.03 2.93 3.07 3.01 2.93 3.05 3.00 2.90 3.05 3.01 2.93 3.04 3.01 2.94 3.06 3.04 2.97 3.13

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

          

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

6 3 3 11

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA

                          

1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

16

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

365

Section Five: Census Data

Table 13.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Single Years of Age by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

Race

United States

White Total

All persons Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years

Male

Female

Total

Black

Male

Female

Total

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

248 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

709 217 949 815 683 689 689 577 645 508 677

873 312 107 040 177 807 533 632 761 668 585

121 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

239 644 022 952 884 889 889 829 865 794 883

418 801 292 242 023 051 177 832 700 355 463

127 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

470 572 926 862 799 800 800 747 780 714 794

455 511 815 798 154 756 356 800 061 313 122

199 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

686 404 924 814 740 765 768 695 744 638 769

070 258 714 615 124 779 212 163 498 590 805

97 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

475 232 501 443 405 420 421 383 408 353 422

880 872 743 588 927 351 766 042 754 997 972

102 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

210 171 422 371 334 345 346 312 335 284 346

190 386 971 027 197 428 446 121 744 593 833

29 986 480 606 594 557 547 545 522 536 518 548

060 022 682 379 295 524 555 290 416 764 084

14 170 242 306 300 281 276 275 263 271 261 277

151 400 688 974 772 661 929 945 512 738 141

15 815 237 299 293 275 270 269 258 264 257 270

909 622 994 405 523 863 626 345 904 026 943

1 959 36 43 42 40 40 40 39 40 38 40

234 089 077 157 519 108 657 454 875 295 165

967 18 21 21 20 20 20 19 20 19 20

186 303 932 375 656 362 636 985 751 346 470

992 17 21 20 19 19 20 19 20 18 19

048 786 145 782 863 746 021 469 124 949 695

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

years years years years years years years years years years

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

653 455 423 339 243 321 304 410 641 076

177 515 450 000 107 609 890 062 238 216

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

874 771 752 706 662 705 697 758 862 078

172 334 999 417 245 780 995 400 377 146

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

779 684 670 632 580 615 606 651 778 998

005 181 451 583 862 829 895 662 861 070

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3

739 596 576 507 433 493 469 545 731 102

524 959 523 044 508 892 848 173 047 743

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

409 335 324 286 251 283 271 313 395 581

578 768 022 049 309 835 496 056 825 359

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

329 261 252 220 182 210 198 232 335 521

946 191 501 995 199 057 352 117 222 384

560 528 519 505 488 499 504 522 545 586

039 407 424 268 452 514 009 291 985 694

283 266 262 254 247 253 256 266 274 291

915 494 327 519 153 591 012 726 060 874

276 261 257 250 241 245 247 255 271 294

124 913 097 749 299 923 997 565 925 820

40 37 37 37 35 35 35 35 35 37

017 788 420 047 728 740 886 945 798 147

20 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 18 19

316 307 055 977 092 348 320 644 618 128

19 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 17 18

701 481 365 070 636 392 566 301 180 019

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

years years years years years years years years years years

4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

009 817 655 742 794 212 168 256 253 422

414 220 792 903 983 100 508 124 634 679

2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

044 947 865 900 918 128 089 135 133 208

082 811 082 305 316 319 771 488 374 984

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

965 869 790 842 876 083 078 120 120 213

332 409 710 598 667 781 737 636 260 695

3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

059 921 779 859 902 240 243 321 340 492

999 434 790 839 850 404 473 556 638 473

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

557 487 418 453 470 641 632 673 683 754

979 818 886 571 126 478 096 294 482 465

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

502 433 360 406 432 598 611 648 657 738

020 616 904 268 724 926 377 262 156 008

553 513 498 503 510 558 534 540 528 545

265 252 096 428 912 774 323 113 966 589

273 253 243 243 245 267 254 256 250 256

585 358 120 460 103 761 485 753 062 699

279 259 254 259 265 291 279 283 278 288

680 894 976 968 809 013 838 360 904 890

35 33 31 32 32 35 34 35 34 35

124 401 599 490 935 524 771 247 456 579

18 17 16 16 16 17 17 17 16 17

159 422 185 503 774 911 450 683 979 451

16 15 15 15 16 17 17 17 17 18

965 979 414 987 161 613 321 564 477 128

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

years years years years years years years years years years

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3

734 151 448 307 220 381 039 960 784 796

587 337 958 844 161 379 788 965 903 082

2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

370 060 214 138 092 190 994 962 872 881

937 115 154 926 801 853 887 032 696 775

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

363 091 234 168 127 190 044 998 912 914

650 222 804 918 360 526 901 933 207 307

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

702 306 534 437 370 484 253 209 060 073

218 890 538 230 637 921 450 740 493 002

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

866 652 772 720 687 756 621 605 530 540

200 992 048 974 331 882 568 113 429 137

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

836 653 762 716 683 728 631 604 530 532

018 898 490 256 306 039 882 627 064 865

605 505 541 519 510 538 470 451 436 438

296 052 982 382 012 509 838 752 952 715

284 235 253 241 236 253 217 208 201 202

517 681 043 027 342 149 318 997 122 465

320 269 288 278 273 285 253 242 235 236

779 371 939 355 670 360 520 755 830 250

37 32 34 33 32 33 30 29 28 28

895 340 584 236 613 282 710 634 043 513

18 15 16 16 15 16 14 14 13 13

657 725 685 072 605 196 720 289 433 956

19 16 17 17 17 17 15 15 14 14

238 615 899 164 008 086 990 345 610 557

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

years years years years years years years years years years

3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 2

956 430 792 686 749 033 843 940 546 508

970 115 198 510 993 291 408 252 830 792

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

960 683 874 820 351 500 391 445 242 230

986 874 883 999 242 522 830 216 348 681

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

995 746 917 865 398 532 451 495 304 278

984 241 315 511 751 769 578 036 482 111

3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2

176 817 138 099 274 491 387 483 127 095

114 410 792 315 759 644 067 253 894 845

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

589 396 566 545 128 242 179 231 046 036

424 969 685 444 709 530 147 155 954 797

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

586 420 572 553 146 249 207 252 080 059

690 441 107 871 050 114 920 098 940 048

473 373 392 352 283 325 278 285 259 256

601 607 633 453 768 982 713 800 123 148

221 171 181 162 129 151 126 130 117 116

124 333 110 218 875 719 640 607 278 197

252 202 211 190 153 174 152 155 141 139

477 274 523 235 893 263 073 193 845 951

29 24 26 25 19 21 19 19 17 17

212 684 776 880 602 876 723 724 610 884

14 12 12 12 9 10 9 9 8 8

214 001 948 656 375 587 435 608 621 742

14 12 13 13 10 11 10 10 8 9

998 683 828 224 227 289 288 116 989 142

50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

years years years years years years years years years years

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

537 191 294 170 157 205 024 089 043 169

983 015 122 359 034 152 012 901 408 283

1 1 1 1 1 1

240 064 117 051 041 061 970 998 969 1 033

132 572 210 596 228 296 951 969 949 205

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

297 126 176 118 115 143 053 090 073 136

851 443 912 763 806 856 061 932 459 078

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

091 847 925 825 814 857 710 775 751 873

940 208 058 937 728 550 171 429 788 478

1 030 904 945 892 884 902 829 857 840 901

254 768 634 477 251 359 015 958 172 307

1 061 942 979 933 930 955 881 917 911 972

686 440 424 460 477 191 156 471 616 171

281 219 235 220 222 226 206 210 193 195

092 448 032 802 637 271 974 474 288 742

128 99 105 99 99 101 91 93 84 86

615 031 810 093 427 314 791 110 653 051

152 120 129 121 123 124 115 117 108 109

477 417 222 709 210 957 183 364 635 691

18 14 15 14 14 13 12 12 11 11

028 719 312 415 240 978 541 358 361 581

8 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5

624 065 396 928 875 653 035 768 443 455

9 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 5 6

404 654 916 487 365 325 506 590 918 126

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69

years years years years years years years years years years

2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1

209 018 209 093 084 201 999 010 985 914

589 714 518 966 380 718 363 737 205 712

1 039 948 1 031 970 957 996 901 904 882 847

557 483 185 712 110 570 946 098 016 677

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

170 070 178 123 127 205 097 106 103 067

032 231 333 254 270 148 417 639 189 035

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

893 756 915 826 819 912 761 765 758 702

442 346 259 325 751 348 324 187 524 254

900 833 902 854 843 872 799 798 785 757

121 876 702 890 195 415 494 071 611 638

993 922 1 012 971 976 1 039 961 967 972 944

321 470 557 435 556 933 830 116 913 616

211 178 201 184 184 204 168 174 162 152

459 873 718 894 675 209 440 985 607 804

92 77 87 79 78 86 71 73 67 63

222 099 161 261 502 700 137 950 722 433

119 101 114 105 106 117 97 101 94 89

237 774 557 633 173 509 303 035 885 371

11 9 10 9 9 10 8 8 8 7

651 794 759 778 407 146 483 372 118 591

5 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3

511 697 121 544 319 695 802 878 601 322

6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4

140 097 638 234 088 451 681 494 517 269

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

years years years years years years years years years years

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

817 611 622 506 436 420 288 214 134 063

009 869 781 979 185 300 590 654 677 148

787 697 693 632 597 576 515 475 434 397

423 537 843 968 535 084 320 918 529 917

1 029 914 928 874 838 844 773 738 700 665

586 332 938 011 650 216 270 736 148 231

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

597 440 449 349 289 269 154 089 018 952

219 543 728 924 150 901 838 921 092 273

695 626 623 570 539 516 463 428 389 355

933 614 453 382 347 976 613 095 933 782

901 813 826 779 749 752 691 661 628 596

286 929 275 542 803 925 225 826 159 491

160 127 127 116 108 112 100 94 87 85

421 295 086 707 906 823 529 911 885 122

65 51 50 45 41 43 37 34 32 30

575 487 542 169 926 057 654 959 185 685

94 75 76 71 66 69 62 59 55 54

846 808 544 538 980 766 875 952 700 437

7 5 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 3

033 854 020 242 121 819 538 333 910 552

3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

064 552 578 214 092 971 795 758 561 375

3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2

969 302 442 028 029 848 743 575 349 177

977 829 800 704 621 560 469 398 325 306 769 213 30 6

849 584 448 073 785 545 208 712 721 061 481 131 947 359 32.9

353 296 277 236 202 175 143 117 93 83 190 45 5 1

349 518 509 260 458 581 684 746 513 512 089 672 944 957 31.7

624 533 522 467 419 384 325 280 232 222 579 167 25 4

500 066 939 813 327 964 524 966 208 549 392 459 003 402 34.1

873 753 726 638 561 505 426 361 296 274 702 191 25 4

193 333 294 306 569 217 623 740 887 086 256 138 881 224 34.4

314 268 250 212 181 156 129 105 83 73 170 39 4 1

454 134 424 772 318 359 174 419 958 460 311 970 616 183 33.1

558 485 475 425 380 348 297 256 212 200 531 151 21 3

739 199 870 534 251 858 449 321 929 626 945 168 265 041 35.6

80 58 57 50 46 43 32 28 22 25 53 17 4 1

549 635 015 815 624 222 952 920 424 456 391 944 208 666 28.1

28 20 19 16 15 14 10 8 6 7 14 4 1

487 586 500 852 234 035 405 978 902 522 698 465 025 562 26.6

52 38 37 33 31 29 22 19 15 17 38 13 3 1

062 049 515 963 390 187 547 942 522 934 693 479 183 104 29.5

3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

1 262 894 882 800 719 655 484 436 329 326 732 213 68 31 25.3

2 1 1 1 1 1

80 years 81 years 82 years 83 years 84 years 85 years 86 years 87 years 88 years 89 years 90 to 94 years 95 to 99 years 100 to 104 years 105 years and over Median age

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

366

290 395 375 115 941 750 358 216 952 967 2 039 659 180 84 26.2

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

028 501 493 315 222 095 874 780 623 641 1 307 446 112 53 27.2

17

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 13.

Section Five: Census Data

Single Years of Age by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States

           10 years  11 years  12 years  13 years  14 years  15 years  16 years  17 years  18 years  19 years  20 years  21 years  22 years  23 years  24 years  25 years  26 years  27 years  28 years  29 years  30 years  31 years  32 years  33 years  34 years  35 years  36 years  37 years  38 years  39 years  40 years  41 years  42 years  43 years  44 years  45 years  46 years  47 years  48 years  49 years  50 years  51 years  52 years  53 years  54 years  55 years  56 years  57 years  58 years  59 years  60 years  61 years  62 years  63 years  64 years  65 years  66 years  67 years  68 years  69 years  70 years  71 years  72 years  73 years  74 years  75 years  76 years  77 years  78 years  79 years  80 years  81 years  82 years  83 years  84 years  85 years  86 years  87 years  88 years  89 years  90 to 94 years  95 to 99 years  100 to 104 years  105 years and over Median age  18

Hispanic origin (of any race)

Asian or Pacific Islander Total

All persons Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years

Con.

Male

White, not of Hispanic origin

Other race Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

7 273 93 130 126 120 119 121 119 119 116 119

662 460 536 175 256 418 788 463 740 064 078

3 558 47 67 64 61 60 61 60 60 58 60

038 604 255 635 133 719 701 486 576 736 334

3 715 45 63 61 59 58 60 58 59 57 58

624 856 281 540 123 699 087 977 164 328 744

9 804 203 244 237 224 216 213 201 204 196 200

847 483 098 714 983 978 321 262 232 955 453

5 068 103 124 121 114 110 109 102 104 100 102

163 622 674 670 535 958 145 374 107 538 546

4 736 99 119 116 110 106 104 98 100 96 97

684 861 424 044 448 020 176 888 125 417 907

22 354 427 518 502 477 462 457 434 441 426 435

059 454 131 284 574 081 089 252 276 113 122

11 388 217 264 256 243 235 233 221 224 217 222

059 883 614 941 056 700 523 089 818 191 112

10 966 209 253 245 234 226 223 213 216 208 213

000 571 517 343 518 381 566 163 458 922 010

188 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

128 197 672 571 507 539 543 480 525 427 552

296 217 461 497 627 917 243 472 976 541 859

91 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

656 127 372 319 287 305 306 273 297 246 312

591 357 916 430 610 210 800 657 437 539 446

96 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

471 069 299 252 220 234 236 206 228 181 240

705 860 545 067 017 707 443 815 539 002 413

117 109 108 109 107 112 115 117 125 132

357 049 190 012 944 663 477 717 310 594

59 55 54 55 55 58 59 60 64 68

764 652 938 361 410 385 630 945 788 669

57 53 53 53 52 54 55 56 60 63

593 397 252 651 534 278 847 772 522 925

196 183 181 180 177 179 179 188 203 217

240 312 893 629 475 800 670 936 098 038

100 94 92 91 90 91 92 99 109 117

599 113 657 511 281 621 537 029 086 116

95 89 89 89 87 88 87 89 94 99

641 199 236 118 194 179 133 907 012 922

427 400 397 393 382 387 385 402 426 452

686 840 566 120 405 038 257 212 930 520

218 205 203 199 195 198 199 212 229 243

916 488 316 836 827 402 659 793 367 672

208 195 194 193 186 188 185 189 197 208

770 352 250 284 578 636 598 419 563 848

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

526 396 377 311 244 303 280 348 525 886

043 621 773 109 557 102 559 737 629 674

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

300 233 222 186 154 185 172 208 285 465

460 211 081 188 031 489 833 299 390 437

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

225 163 155 124 090 117 107 140 240 421

583 410 692 921 526 613 726 438 239 237

134 129 123 120 123 137 134 139 138 141

694 179 721 703 961 384 707 470 490 018

70 67 63 61 62 69 66 69 68 68

127 260 644 967 984 268 796 288 281 995

64 61 60 58 60 68 67 70 70 72

567 919 077 736 977 116 911 182 209 023

226 219 222 226 224 240 221 219 211 208

332 954 586 443 325 014 234 738 084 020

124 121 123 124 123 131 118 118 114 111

232 953 247 804 329 901 944 470 570 374

102 98 99 101 100 108 102 101 96 96

100 001 339 639 996 113 290 268 514 646

469 451 454 465 463 500 468 468 454 450

015 608 901 373 544 168 087 756 001 227

256 248 250 254 252 271 249 249 242 237

052 677 382 368 021 894 071 945 129 319

212 202 204 211 211 228 219 218 211 212

963 931 519 005 523 274 016 811 872 908

2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

837 709 566 640 683 001 016 093 117 270

680 305 968 455 516 634 904 304 625 682

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

437 371 302 334 351 512 512 552 566 639

359 815 325 513 963 911 777 831 396 143

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

400 337 264 305 331 488 504 540 551 631

321 490 643 942 553 723 127 473 229 539

163 133 148 140 139 151 135 130 126 126

757 594 142 777 913 770 092 621 147 188

80 64 71 67 66 73 63 61 58 58

005 159 939 633 071 145 843 699 931 904

83 69 76 73 73 78 71 68 67 67

752 435 203 144 842 625 249 922 216 284

225 173 189 177 166 172 149 139 133 129

421 461 712 219 986 897 698 218 268 664

121 91 100 93 87 91 77 71 68 66

558 558 439 220 452 481 438 934 781 313

103 81 89 83 79 81 72 67 64 63

863 903 273 999 534 416 260 284 487 351

489 382 419 395 375 388 341 321 307 301

375 881 088 515 444 775 228 456 984 283

259 198 217 204 193 201 173 163 156 152

604 732 743 988 390 192 416 121 421 011

229 184 201 190 182 187 167 158 151 149

771 149 345 527 054 583 812 335 563 272

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2

460 115 325 237 180 288 079 043 901 916

911 382 175 780 783 370 028 358 153 492

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

739 555 664 618 590 656 534 521 450 461

983 170 923 884 861 975 156 852 543 948

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

720 560 660 618 589 631 544 521 450 454

928 212 252 896 922 395 872 506 610 544

142 113 121 107 87 98 82 77 74 72

627 125 207 547 688 728 035 811 146 870

66 52 56 49 41 47 38 37 35 35

545 300 923 789 235 340 933 438 742 953

76 60 64 57 46 51 43 40 38 36

082 825 284 758 453 388 102 373 404 917

135 101 112 101 84 95 75 73 68 66

416 289 790 315 176 061 870 664 057 045

69 51 57 50 42 48 37 36 33 32

679 271 217 892 048 346 675 408 753 992

65 50 55 50 42 46 38 37 34 33

737 018 573 423 128 715 195 256 304 053

316 244 270 247 204 231 192 187 172 170

316 989 991 481 491 000 060 645 593 612

159 122 135 122 100 115 93 90 84 83

775 108 290 425 570 545 912 930 258 612

156 122 135 125 103 115 98 96 88 87

541 881 701 056 921 455 148 715 335 000

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

011 685 993 965 164 366 279 378 031 999

535 780 865 075 215 707 851 326 650 428

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

507 332 495 479 074 180 127 180 000 990

407 127 178 653 893 715 193 874 433 050

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

504 353 498 485 089 185 152 197 031 009

128 653 687 422 322 992 658 452 217 378

77 58 62 57 55 56 50 49 46 47

926 333 292 683 417 870 381 771 300 311

38 28 30 28 26 26 23 22 20 20

388 557 608 004 528 597 185 273 533 921

39 29 31 29 28 30 27 27 25 26

538 776 684 679 889 273 196 498 767 390

68 51 56 51 50 50 43 41 40 41

997 307 428 522 012 483 945 869 671 171

34 25 27 25 24 24 20 19 19 19

251 151 762 094 147 373 925 860 148 471

34 26 28 26 25 26 23 22 21 21

746 156 666 428 865 110 020 009 523 700

180 140 152 142 139 142 126 123 120 125

217 870 708 667 527 122 620 871 886 809

87 67 73 68 66 67 60 58 56 59

818 861 683 402 455 749 143 087 848 544

92 73 79 74 73 74 66 65 64 66

399 009 025 265 072 373 477 784 038 265

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

989 764 835 741 731 772 633 699 676 794

990 403 955 365 791 492 286 282 844 431

981 865 903 852 844 862 792 822 804 863

194 264 190 263 954 070 482 386 876 875

1 008 899 932 889 886 910 840 876 871 930

796 139 765 102 837 422 804 896 968 556

50 40 45 41 40 42 35 36 33 30

992 644 206 413 262 772 232 375 254 864

22 17 19 17 17 18 15 16 15 13

118 442 447 762 370 552 585 331 090 960

28 23 25 23 22 24 19 20 18 16

874 202 759 651 892 220 647 044 164 904

42 33 36 31 30 32 25 25 22 21

045 057 576 556 285 243 884 818 702 199

19 15 16 14 13 14 11 11 9 9

585 369 754 255 724 208 928 868 992 324

22 17 19 17 16 18 13 13 12 11

460 688 822 301 561 035 956 950 710 875

127 106 116 103 100 104 87 87 80 75

442 407 034 321 438 919 638 452 384 864

59 49 53 47 45 47 39 39 35 33

148 697 486 131 494 021 889 754 544 370

68 56 62 56 54 57 47 47 44 42

294 710 548 190 944 898 749 698 840 494

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

813 687 840 759 753 844 703 707 704 650

723 510 838 024 992 322 223 386 068 793

863 801 868 823 813 841 773 771 761 734

109 556 206 920 323 537 092 745 397 930

950 885 972 935 940 1 002 930 935 942 915

614 954 632 104 669 785 131 641 671 863

31 23 24 21 20 20 17 15 14 12

971 812 334 754 363 005 369 048 772 945

14 10 10 9 8 8 7 6 6 6

137 759 756 680 968 903 731 972 817 378

17 13 13 12 11 11 9 8 7 6

834 053 578 074 395 102 638 076 955 567

20 14 15 13 12 12 11 10 10 9

365 365 613 352 645 752 316 441 018 256

8 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3

714 125 514 523 202 177 527 134 033 697

11 8 9 7 7 7 6 6 5 5

651 240 099 829 443 575 789 307 985 559

72 55 58 51 49 49 45 41 39 37

465 455 146 575 131 386 091 929 602 257

30 23 24 21 20 19 17 16 15 14

890 540 221 140 014 825 823 184 235 288

41 31 33 30 29 29 27 25 24 22

575 915 925 435 117 561 268 745 367 969

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

548 401 409 313 254 235 122 060 990 925

277 918 700 894 699 223 904 182 162 742

675 610 606 555 525 503 451 416 379 345

049 152 748 630 290 128 068 760 403 769

873 791 802 758 729 732 671 643 610 579

228 766 952 264 409 095 836 422 759 973

12 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 3 6 1

421 875 587 333 634 875 648 817 106 003 944 853 357 135 29.8

5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2

954 396 273 603 203 743 153 713 363 247 518 487 122 53 28.7

6 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 1

467 479 314 730 431 132 495 104 743 756 426 366 235 82 30.7

8 6 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 4 1

396 346 177 504 017 481 627 019 352 549 851 537 321 250 23.9

3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

192 508 430 233 984 789 468 200 961 957 1 830 537 113 128 23.7

5 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 1

204 838 747 271 033 692 159 819 391 592 021 000 208 122 24.1

33 26 26 23 20 18 15 12 10 10 20 5 1

568 768 314 074 701 916 004 635 010 058 383 916 051 591 25.5

12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 6 1

712 182 835 748 697 870 550 652 674 525 807 838 317 264 25.0

20 16 16 14 13 12 9 7 6 6 13 4

856 586 479 326 004 046 454 983 336 533 576 078 734 327 26.1

849 733 707 621 546 491 415 352 289 266 687 186 25 3

385 906 190 514 581 458 744 549 578 909 416 966 186 944 34.9

305 260 243 206 175 151 125 102 81 71 165 38 4 1

518 879 482 587 904 556 291 136 375 011 602 722 421 069 33.6

543 473 463 414 370 339 290 250 208 195 521 148 20 2

867 027 708 927 677 902 453 413 203 898 814 244 765 875 36.1

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

367

Section Five: Census Data

Table 14.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place

Rural

Inside urbanized area

United States

Total

Total

Central place

Outside urbanized area

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

472 425 356 016 124 089 840 620 118 391 066 426 619 571 715 937 429 414 076 681 776 747 032 275 851 395 992 150 674 226 789 468 967 672 577 114 091 086 885 836 395

28 794 609 2 136 757 375 269 453 521 440 928 430 367 436 672 2 166 585 438 374 428 304 436 232 420 693 442 982 2 029 569 436 771 412 179 405 886 393 982 380 751 2 240 984 387 496 382 028 393 427 484 355 593 678 2 364 898 557 168 516 641 2 245 883 2 276 909 2 091 318 1 811 132 1 414 750 1 190 124 1 156 429 1 245 758 1 275 707 1 094 152 902 524 623 621 527 509

13 825 022 1 025 480 180 874 218 329 211 865 206 158 208 254 1 023 431 208 279 202 760 206 110 198 428 207 854 946 015 204 235 192 705 189 531 183 217 176 327 1 129 350 180 263 177 417 183 064 253 206 335 400 1 305 053 318 059 295 249 1 113 484 1 100 615 1 002 298 858 953 660 574 552 130 535 443 572 094 582 794 494 758 405 718 280 568 236 264

14 969 587 1 111 277 194 395 235 192 229 063 224 209 228 418 1 143 154 230 095 225 544 230 122 222 265 235 128 1 083 554 232 536 219 474 216 355 210 765 204 424 1 111 634 207 233 204 611 210 363 231 149 258 278 1 059 845 239 109 221 392 1 132 399 1 176 294 1 089 020 952 179 754 176 637 994 620 986 673 664 692 913 599 394 496 806 343 053 291 245

61 656 386 4 365 283 740 563 912 424 898 059 893 927 920 310 4 811 132 943 283 936 718 969 624 947 989 1 013 518 4 840 832 1 015 470 975 181 974 705 952 222 923 254 4 565 257 947 091 938 440 951 479 885 756 842 491 3 649 252 778 599 723 650 4 414 388 5 083 092 5 018 268 4 602 616 3 802 461 3 141 741 2 874 472 2 814 315 2 590 843 2 013 176 1 496 292 912 145 660 821

7 050 504 86 105 103 102 105 539 106 105 109 105 112 526 111 106 105 103 99 502 102 100 102 98 98 426 91 84 501 544 516 460 371 320 310 332 338 295 246 168 143

Urban fringe

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Male Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

248 18 3 3 3 3 3 18 3 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 4 19 4 3 21 21 19 17 13 11 10 10 10 7 6 3 3

709 354 217 949 815 683 689 099 689 577 645 508 677 114 653 455 423 339 243 754 321 304 410 641 076 020 009 817 313 862 963 615 872 350 531 616 111 994 121 933 080

873 443 312 107 040 177 807 179 533 632 761 668 585 249 177 515 450 000 107 015 609 890 062 238 216 312 414 220 045 887 117 786 573 513 756 167 735 823 369 739 165

187 13 2 3 2 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 2 2 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 3 15 3 3 16 16 14 13 10 8 7 7 7 5 4 3 2

487 160 749 683 981 250 497 047 250 914 137 679 067 417 707 334 745 778 853 758 518 450 583 482 725 060 815 570 657 795 849 170 112 772 284 852 892 647 077 594 344

158 11 2 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 2 10 2 2 2 1 1 10 1 1 2 2 2 13 2 2 14 14 12 11 8 7 6 6 6 4 3 2 1

258 852 101 583 476 358 332 121 307 212 239 139 221 243 200 068 042 992 939 947 987 984 065 271 640 006 673 576 652 502 853 202 655 018 500 556 245 887 722 397 891

878 403 480 162 053 883 825 462 876 610 905 986 085 848 936 155 859 796 102 774 022 422 156 127 047 162 647 929 774 886 531 038 362 648 855 094 185 495 553 973 835

78 6 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1

5 1 1 1 7 1 1 7 7 6 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1

847 039 078 323 267 198 171 500 153 096 104 055 090 992 083 011 992 966 939 620 961 963 009 204 481 217 512 457 654 230 209 189 938 266 071 160 068 446 928 277 034

406 978 124 146 929 794 985 842 758 219 839 560 466 277 221 218 430 382 026 093 246 675 124 852 196 767 655 779 100 660 742 570 395 976 278 980 094 409 668 137 440

79 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 6 7 6 6 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1

411 812 023 260 208 160 160 620 154 116 135 084 130 251 117 056 050 026 000 327 025 020 056 066 158 788 160 119 998 272 643 012 716 751 429 395 177 441 793 120 857

858 385 935 852 847 662 089 794 830 953 044 546 421 971 428 875 948 127 593 183 124 310 521 924 304 794 093 897 725 341 320 083 819 269 550 943 924 553 104 306 794

3 801 271 47 56 55 55 57 299 58 58 60 58 62 295 62 59 59 58 55 268 57 56 57 51 46 210 42 40 264 287 268 235 198 174 171 183 187 167 142 97 76

051 872 256 645 589 117 265 267 700 567 638 607 755 792 730 824 294 057 887 186 087 126 167 619 187 861 842 799 190 612 121 921 330 831 658 076 504 143 129 722 836

50 804 477 3 589 026 606 372 749 927 738 623 736 148 757 956 3 972 071 777 753 772 198 799 942 783 836 838 342 4 018 069 841 312 808 482 809 463 791 038 767 774 3 794 888 787 880 782 004 791 791 735 213 698 000 3 011 597 644 664 597 954 3 648 473 4 251 139 4 233 827 3 906 612 3 232 312 2 646 641 2 392 264 2 298 296 2 064 415 1 550 480 1 108 059 646 117 440 191

185 105 441 37 629 695 31 241 831 32.9 121 239 418 9 392 409 1 644 801 2 022 292 1 952 242 1 884 023 1 889 051 9 262 527 1 889 177 1 829 832 1 865 700 1 794 355 1 883 463 8 767 167 1 874 172 1 771 334 1 752 999 1 706 417 1 662 245 9 102 698 1 705 780 1 697 995 1 758 400 1 862 377 2 078 146 9 675 596 2 044 082 1 947 811 10 695 936 10 876 933 9 902 243 8 691 984 6 810 597 5 514 738 5 034 370 4 947 047 4 532 307 3 409 306 2 399 768 1 366 094 857 698

140 303 312 28 265 910 23 568 554 32.5 90 386 114 7 153 760 1 265 656 1 554 714 1 492 205 1 424 950 1 416 235 6 786 574 1 403 231 1 349 226 1 366 677 1 306 521 1 360 919 6 266 694 1 349 600 1 267 730 1 249 894 1 215 618 1 183 852 6 703 124 1 212 777 1 207 996 1 260 036 1 392 211 1 630 104 7 773 590 1 632 679 1 566 575 8 475 923 8 333 244 7 368 671 6 358 595 4 883 234 3 929 356 3 608 813 3 564 943 3 295 344 2 483 734 1 750 709 1 006 221 643 585

119 004 565 23 080 028 19 145 041 32.5 76 628 073 6 062 403 1 074 026 1 323 178 1 267 042 1 205 100 1 193 057 5 679 795 1 179 097 1 130 985 1 144 358 1 091 133 1 134 222 5 231 500 1 126 271 1 057 197 1 042 785 1 015 129 990 118 5 572 777 1 015 569 1 013 050 1 059 058 1 151 950 1 333 150 6 569 259 1 352 727 1 305 655 7 352 411 7 208 602 6 335 379 5 465 510 4 196 477 3 363 133 3 075 513 3 006 968 2 745 225 2 039 011 1 416 266 801 456 506 388

59 380 264 11 657 083 9 754 748 31.5 37 947 570 3 083 819 550 158 676 453 647 656 611 554 597 998 2 803 808 588 528 559 044 562 876 537 505 555 855 2 543 119 553 262 515 819 504 954 491 458 477 626 2 833 597 489 841 490 248 516 136 601 227 736 145 3 624 185 754 284 730 953 3 852 987 3 606 765 3 075 502 2 533 134 1 891 365 1 539 427 1 422 991 1 418 628 1 321 200 994 045 713 498 416 119 273 381

59 624 301 11 422 945 9 390 293 33.3 38 680 503 2 978 584 523 868 646 725 619 386 593 546 595 059 2 875 987 590 569 571 941 581 482 553 628 578 367 2 688 381 573 009 541 378 537 831 523 671 512 492 2 739 180 525 728 522 802 542 922 550 723 597 005 2 945 074 598 443 574 702 3 499 424 3 601 837 3 259 877 2 932 376 2 305 112 1 823 706 1 652 522 1 588 340 1 424 025 1 044 966 702 768 385 337 233 007

21 298 747 5 185 882 4 423 513 32.6 13 758 041 1 091 357 191 630 231 536 225 163 219 850 223 178 1 106 779 224 134 218 241 222 319 215 388 226 697 1 035 194 223 329 210 533 207 109 200 489 193 734 1 130 347 197 208 194 946 200 978 240 261 296 954 1 204 331 279 952 260 920 1 123 512 1 124 642 1 033 292 893 085 686 757 566 223 533 300 557 975 550 119 444 723 334 443 204 765 137 197

10 289 352 2 348 972 2 000 102 31.6 6 626 550 523 653 92 372 111 467 108 108 105 326 106 380 523 559 106 463 103 535 105 098 101 720 106 743 481 471 104 605 98 122 96 463 92 965 89 316 565 191 91 457 90 449 93 389 123 729 166 167 668 055 158 741 148 772 562 598 546 470 496 438 424 352 320 481 262 203 246 639 255 294 250 065 199 915 148 888 90 862 60 416

11 009 395 2 836 910 2 423 411 33.6 7 131 491 567 704 99 258 120 069 117 055 114 524 116 798 583 220 117 671 114 706 117 221 113 668 119 954 553 723 118 724 112 411 110 646 107 524 104 418 565 156 105 751 104 497 107 589 116 532 130 787 536 276 121 211 112 148 560 914 578 172 536 854 468 733 366 276 304 020 286 661 302 681 300 054 244 808 185 555 113 903 76 781

44 802 129 9 363 785 7 673 277 34.1 30 853 304 2 238 649 379 145 467 578 460 037 459 073 472 816 2 475 953 485 946 480 606 499 023 487 834 522 544 2 500 473 524 572 503 604 503 105 490 799 478 393 2 399 574 493 003 489 999 498 364 470 166 448 042 1 902 006 411 403 381 236 2 220 013 2 543 689 2 533 572 2 333 389 1 927 363 1 585 382 1 425 557 1 382 104 1 236 963 925 572 649 059 359 873 214 113

5 174 753 1 396 525 1 192 681 34.8 3 365 091 258 288 44 514 54 132 53 151 52 579 53 912 275 964 54 752 53 929 55 812 53 905 57 566 269 936 57 273 54 885 54 074 52 581 51 123 257 033 52 211 51 281 52 432 50 733 50 376 212 760 45 973 42 822 246 214 266 080 254 572 227 372 181 520 153 470 145 849 152 571 148 747 122 401 94 545 57 777 39 992

2 763 740 783 604 671 334 35.0 1 830 081 138 968 24 163 28 959 28 469 28 233 29 144 152 928 30 084 29 976 30 930 29 961 31 977 151 575 32 223 30 716 30 342 29 716 28 578 138 438 29 424 28 825 29 602 26 788 23 799 104 886 21 639 20 431 130 436 142 677 134 295 117 831 97 741 85 289 81 309 85 080 83 572 70 266 56 231 35 221 23 338

36 863 636 7 183 656 5 809 262 34.0 25 658 132 1 841 393 310 468 384 487 378 417 378 261 389 760 2 047 061 401 110 396 701 412 281 403 968 433 001 2 078 962 435 076 418 003 418 689 408 502 398 692 2 004 103 411 368 409 893 416 330 392 645 373 867 1 584 360 343 791 317 983 1 843 363 2 134 932 2 144 705 1 988 186 1 648 102 1 346 623 1 198 399 1 144 453 1 004 644 732 905 498 283 266 875 150 783

88 655 140 15 524 180 12 565 173 31.7

66 498 277 11 307 841 9 179 593 31.1

56 566 698 9 296 350 7 508 346 31.2

28 020 599 4 564 118 3 718 243 30.3

28 546 099 4 732 232 3 790 103 32.2

9 931 579 2 011 491 1 671 247 30.8

4 822 572 904 813 750 146 29.9

5 109 007 1 106 678 921 101 31.7

22 156 863 4 216 339 3 385 580 33.3

2 404 979 556 937 463 462 33.0

1 298 759 320 872 268 628 33.4

18 453 125 3 338 530 2 653 490 33.4

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

368

053 989 476 036 916 789 769 288 746 640 676 560 664 273 637 480 448 386 319 188 374 366 458 755 233 371 230 093 898 779 944 013 070 208 657 801 520 981 625 021 419

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

19

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Age and Sex: 1990 Con.

Table 14.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place

Rural

Inside urbanized area

United States

Total

Outside urbanized area

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

805 000 454 984 011 783 768 667 779 625 547 853 863 348 665 958 074 667 984 997 453 372 098 177 897 903 920 274 363 284 152 528 885 515 342 126 960 484 287 517 447 867 678 695

40 899 836 2 956 159 527 966 646 693 620 273 587 240 573 987 2 697 034 565 230 537 175 541 963 518 055 534 611 2 449 158 529 959 495 399 487 476 474 924 461 400 2 786 496 471 405 473 427 492 988 603 625 745 051 3 593 582 758 371 726 826 3 801 113 3 623 895 3 134 240 2 656 436 2 047 030 1 727 549 1 648 287 1 742 352 1 746 894 1 452 364 1 215 170 861 018 761 059 31 359 665 7 092 965 6 036 505

40 730 969 2 833 841 499 488 613 291 588 738 566 543 565 781 2 744 633 563 549 544 450 553 584 530 798 552 252 2 563 190 544 706 515 559 512 598 502 743 487 584 2 588 501 500 048 497 945 513 110 515 552 561 846 2 843 321 562 549 544 448 3 499 250 3 670 389 3 383 912 3 080 092 2 411 855 1 927 966 1 777 055 1 806 774 1 753 066 1 396 120 1 091 117 735 499 624 388 31 078 202 6 690 713 5 600 190

15 036 568 1 045 400 183 639 221 985 215 765 210 517 213 494 1 059 806 214 240 210 063 213 913 205 305 216 285 994 375 213 442 201 646 198 777 193 493 187 017 1 110 637 190 288 187 082 192 449 244 094 296 724 1 160 567 277 216 255 721 1 122 371 1 152 267 1 058 026 918 047 727 993 623 901 623 129 687 783 725 588 649 429 568 081 418 856 390 312 11 367 168 3 174 391 2 752 266

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

AGE Con.

                                            

Female Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

127 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 10 10 10 8 7 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 96 22 18

470 962 572 926 862 799 800 836 800 747 780 714 794 347 779 684 670 632 580 651 615 606 651 778 998 344 965 869 617 985 060 923 061 835 497 669 579 585 721 567 222 450 105 676

455 034 511 815 798 154 756 652 356 800 061 313 122 082 005 181 451 583 862 317 829 895 662 861 070 716 332 409 109 954 874 802 976 775 386 120 428 517 601 645 467 301 515 658

96 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 8 8 7 6 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 73 16 14

667 835 211 481 424 364 353 501 343 291 309 254 303 006 288 212 198 171 136 485 161 158 198 363 603 597 598 526 422 446 576 654 186 279 048 236 225 497 874 015 775 805 958 388

373 400 093 969 776 300 262 473 019 688 460 158 148 723 107 604 851 160 001 634 741 454 547 271 621 470 136 995 734 551 178 575 878 416 471 909 548 913 368 373 759 035 069 961

81 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 6 1 1 7 7 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 62 13 11

630 790 027 259 209 153 139 441 128 081 095 048 086 012 074 010 000 977 948 374 971 971 006 119 306 436 320 271 300 294 518 736 458 655 425 549 499 848 306 596 385 437 783 636

7 198 501 88 106 103 100 101 499 101 99 101 96 101 464 99 94 93 90 87 564 88 86 89 129 169 636 159 146 550 554 505 434 340 289 288 316 332 294 256 189 175 5 466 1 444 1 249

472 827 502 862 757 832 874 872 816 225 012 708 111 544 630 583 068 252 011 159 806 968 675 477 233 998 318 477 886 145 860 601 093 927 804 800 729 843 830 706 848 780 159 956

7 838 543 95 115 112 109 111 559 112 110 112 108 115 529 113 107 105 103 100 546 101 100 102 114 127 523 117 109 571 598 552 483 387 333 334 370 392 354 311 229 214 5 900 1 730 1 502

096 573 137 123 008 685 620 934 424 838 901 597 174 831 812 063 709 241 006 478 482 114 774 617 491 569 898 244 485 122 166 446 900 974 325 983 859 586 251 150 464 388 232 310

30 803 082 2 126 634 361 418 444 846 438 022 434 854 447 494 2 335 179 457 337 456 112 470 601 460 155 490 974 2 340 359 490 898 471 577 471 600 461 423 444 861 2 165 683 454 088 448 441 453 115 415 590 394 449 1 747 246 367 196 342 414 2 194 375 2 539 403 2 484 696 2 269 227 1 875 098 1 556 359 1 448 915 1 432 211 1 353 880 1 087 604 847 233 552 272 446 708 22 645 266 5 147 446 4 287 697

3 685 246 42 51 50 50 51 263 52 52 53 51 54 257 54 51 51 50 48 245 49 49 50 48 47 214 45 42 255 278 261 232 190 166 164 180 190 173 151 110 103 2 769 839 729

767 097 421 720 696 083 177 830 078 024 232 641 855 035 155 990 874 546 470 150 913 029 089 191 928 034 120 075 511 261 748 711 299 799 701 372 177 152 559 529 802 774 588 219

1 970 132 23 27 27 26 28 146 28 28 29 28 30 144 30 29 28 28 27 129 27 27 27 24 22 105 21 20 133 144 133 118 100 89 90 97 103 96 85 62 53 1 464 462 402

970 904 093 686 120 884 121 339 616 591 708 646 778 217 507 108 952 341 309 748 663 301 565 831 388 975 203 368 754 935 826 090 589 542 349 996 932 877 898 501 498 981 732 706

25 146 345 1 747 633 295 904 365 440 360 206 357 887 368 196 1 925 010 376 643 375 497 387 661 379 868 405 341 1 939 107 406 236 390 479 390 774 382 536 369 082 1 790 785 376 512 372 111 375 461 342 568 324 133 1 427 237 300 873 279 971 1 805 110 2 116 207 2 089 122 1 918 426 1 584 210 1 300 018 1 193 865 1 153 843 1 059 771 817 575 609 776 379 242 289 408 18 410 511 3 845 126 3 155 772

34.1

33.8

33.7

32.9

34.5

34.4

33.4

35.4

34.9

36.5

36.7

34.6

100.0 25.6 7.4 18.2 61.9 10.8 32.5 18.6 12.6 9.7 2.8 100.0 26.9 7.7 19.1 62.8 11.2 33.1 18.4 10.4 8.5 1.8 100.0 24.3 7.0 17.3 61.0 10.3 31.8 18.9 14.7 10.9 3.8

100.0 25.0 7.5 17.5 62.4 11.4 33.0 18.0 12.6 9.7 2.9 100.0 26.4 7.9 18.5 63.4 11.9 33.8 17.7 10.2 8.3 1.8 100.0 23.7 7.1 16.6 61.5 10.9 32.2 18.4 14.9 11.0 3.9

100.0 24.8 7.5 17.3 63.1 11.3 33.6 18.2 12.1 9.4 2.7 100.0 26.2 7.9 18.3 64.0 11.8 34.4 17.8 9.8 8.1 1.7 100.0 23.5 7.1 16.4 62.2 10.9 32.9 18.5 14.3 10.6 3.7

100.0 24.7 7.7 17.0 62.9 12.6 33.3 17.0 12.4 9.4 2.9 100.0 26.2 8.1 18.0 64.0 13.1 34.4 16.5 9.8 8.0 1.8 100.0 23.3 7.2 16.1 61.9 12.1 32.3 17.5 14.8 10.8 4.0

100.0 24.9 7.3 17.6 63.3 10.1 33.9 19.3 11.8 9.3 2.5 100.0 26.2 7.7 18.5 64.0 10.6 34.4 19.1 9.8 8.2 1.6 100.0 23.7 7.0 16.7 62.6 9.6 33.5 19.5 13.7 10.4 3.3

100.0 26.0 7.4 18.6 58.6 12.0 29.3 17.4 15.4 11.4 4.0 100.0 27.8 7.9 19.9 60.0 12.7 30.3 17.0 12.1 9.7 2.5 100.0 24.4 7.0 17.5 57.3 11.3 28.3 17.7 18.3 12.9 5.4

100.0 25.6 7.4 18.2 60.0 13.7 29.5 16.8 14.5 10.7 3.7 100.0 27.2 7.9 19.3 61.5 14.5 30.6 16.4 11.3 9.0 2.3 100.0 24.1 7.0 17.1 58.6 13.0 28.4 17.2 17.4 12.3 5.1

100.0 26.5 7.4 19.0 57.4 10.3 29.1 17.9 16.2 12.0 4.2 100.0 28.4 8.0 20.4 58.7 11.0 30.1 17.7 12.9 10.2 2.7 100.0 24.7 6.9 17.8 56.1 9.8 28.1 18.2 19.2 13.5 5.7

100.0 27.3 7.1 20.3 60.2 8.7 31.0 20.5 12.4 9.9 2.6 100.0 28.2 7.3 20.9 60.8 9.1 31.2 20.5 11.0 9.1 1.9 100.0 26.5 6.9 19.6 59.6 8.3 30.8 20.5 13.9 10.7 3.2

100.0 26.6 7.2 19.5 56.5 8.9 28.7 18.9 16.9 12.5 4.4 100.0 28.5 7.7 20.9 57.7 9.3 29.5 18.8 13.8 10.9 2.9 100.0 24.9 6.7 18.2 55.4 8.4 27.9 19.1 19.8 14.0 5.8

100.0 27.3 7.2 20.1 55.0 8.1 27.8 19.1 17.7 13.1 4.6 100.0 29.0 7.6 21.4 56.3 8.5 28.7 19.1 14.7 11.5 3.2 100.0 25.7 6.7 18.9 53.9 7.8 26.9 19.2 20.4 14.5 5.9

100.0 27.4 7.1 20.4 61.1 8.7 31.6 20.8 11.4 9.3 2.1 100.0 28.1 7.2 20.9 61.6 9.2 31.6 20.8 10.3 8.7 1.6 100.0 26.8 6.9 19.8 60.7 8.3 31.5 20.8 12.5 9.9 2.7

95.1 105.0 104.8 105.1 97.8 103.8 99.0 92.7 67.3 74.5 46.4

93.5 104.5 104.7 104.4 96.5 102.2 98.2 90.1 63.8 71.1 43.5

93.9 104.5 104.7 104.4 96.6 102.2 98.2 90.4 64.5 71.6 43.9

92.8 104.1 104.3 103.9 96.0 100.4 98.9 87.5 61.6 68.6 42.5

95.0 105.0 105.1 104.9 97.2 104.4 97.5 93.0 67.7 74.8 45.5

91.5 104.3 104.4 104.2 95.9 102.4 98.2 88.0 60.7 68.4 42.3

92.1 104.2 104.3 104.1 96.6 102.4 99.2 87.8 60.0 67.7 41.4

91.0 104.4 104.4 104.4 95.2 102.3 97.3 88.3 61.3 69.0 43.0

100.2 106.6 105.3 107.1 102.3 110.3 101.5 100.1 79.0 85.5 57.5

91.3 104.8 105.0 104.8 95.1 101.2 96.7 90.2 63.6 71.0 45.6

92.9 105.0 104.6 105.2 97.0 101.5 99.0 92.3 66.7 73.3 50.5

102.0 107.0 105.4 107.5 103.6 112.3 102.3 102.0 84.1 89.9 62.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

                                

All persons Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over Female Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over

MALES PER 100 FEMALES

          

All persons Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over

20

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

369

Section Five: Census Data

Table 15.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

United States

In central city

Total

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area Outside urbanized area

Inside urbanized area

Rural

Total

26 442 280 1 900 293 320 149 398 735 392 086 389 942 399 381 2 065 033 407 807 403 013 416 035 405 988 432 190

55 984 132 3 960 674 684 368 831 184 814 093 804 486 826 543 4 267 830 842 465 834 458 860 286 837 233 893 388

1 520 107 19 23 22 21 21 104 21 20 21 20 20

2 049 431 413 412 401 390 1 955 402 398 404 380 369 1 590 344 317 1 924 2 292 2 297 2 138 1 747 1 374 1 200 1 120 990 736 523 311 222 19 221 3 451 2 785

4 230 892 854 850 829 803 4 252 819 812 827 865 927 3 841 860 801 4 083 4 381 4 189 3 732 3 048 2 621 2 519 2 618 2 553 2 101 1 657 1 078 846 41 066 9 829 8 237

97 20 19 19 18 18 116 18 17 18 26 35 154 35 35 131 125 112 95 72 59 59 65 69 57 42 27 19 1 155 256 215

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Male Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

248 18 3 3 3 3 3 18 3 3 3 3 3

709 354 217 949 815 683 689 099 689 577 645 508 677

17 3 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 4 19 4 3 21 21 19 17 13 11 10 10 10 7 6 3 3 185 37 31

114 653 455 423 339 243 754 321 304 410 641 076 020 009 817 313 862 963 615 872 350 531 616 111 994 121 933 080 105 629 241

121 9 1 2 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 2 9 2 1 10 10 9 8 6 5 5 4 4 3 2 1

873 443 312 107 040 177 807 179 533 632 761 668 585

192 14 2 3 3 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 2

725 393 532 117 000 878 863 831 847 743 785 671 784

249 177 515 450 000 107 015 609 890 062 238 216 312 414 220 045 887 117 786 573 513 756 167 735 823 369 739 165 441 695 831 32.9 239 418 392 409 644 801 022 292 952 242 884 023 889 051 262 527 889 177 829 832 865 700 794 355 883 463

12 2 2 2 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 3 15 3 3 17 17 15 13 10 8 8 7 7 5 4 2 2 144 27 23

884 760 601 573 509 440 501 502 492 582 775 148 178 148 015 229 481 773 883 823 729 012 997 558 892 463 855 233 039 800 004

767 874 771 752 706 662 102 705 697 758 862 078 675 044 947 695 876 902 691 810 514 034 947 532 409 399 366 857 88 655 15 524 12 565

167 172 334 999 417 245 698 780 995 400 377 146 596 082 811 936 933 243 984 597 738 370 047 307 306 768 094 698 140 180 173 31.7

93 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1

370

093 366 304 348 068 007 631 071 575 674 502 809 845 716 226 958 441 452 004 997 415 739 871 466 987 816 256 652 210 318 177 32.6 823 988 365 699 294 785 597 281 536 195 471 794 465 644 073 730 456 747 402 967 424 335 364 820 424 861

592 414 332 316 280 249 909 282 278 329 417 601 699 602 535 641 691 798 818 297 231 831 711 362 490 726 971 608 68 901 11 367 9 160

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 1

741 769 944 923 947 691 264 349 068 174 475 435 197

853 409 040 424 808 172 143 625 052 317 583 566 732 382 331 906 841 591 042 733 012 757 061 778 975 348 978 809 712 579 888 31.4

77 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1

843 951 062 303 249 181 155 423 137 080 089 040 075

533 667 184 338 487 562 096 701 388 609 230 937 537

114 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1

882 442 470 814 751 697 708 407 709 662 696 630 708

4 925 473 1 068 568 997 487 979 156 953 651 926 611 5 546 375 949 036 951 957 996 982 1 188 847 1 459 553 7 108 880 1 489 573 1 433 828 7 549 946 7 134 855 6 133 762 5 127 178 3 894 063 3 233 364 3 039 800 3 127 576 3 031 136 2 416 741 1 907 706 1 265 128 1 026 182 58 644 717 11 528 617 9 646 893 31.6 37 445 427 3 038 559 541 855 666 247 638 114 602 872 589 471 2 764 319 580 160 550 984 554 869 530 061 548 245

7 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 9 10 9 8 6 5 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 85 16 13

958 691 603 594 555 513 955 553 540 585 586 689 069 659 581 680 346 639 755 929 496 972 870 527 476 556 590 207 394 271 357

2 508 545 508 498 484 471 2 795 483 484 509 593 725 3 566 742 718 3 798 3 557 3 037 2 501 1 869 1 523 1 408 1 403 1 304 980 704 411 270 27 656 4 509 3 672

850 817 645 153 989 246 864 495 202 782 117 268 691 532 596 005 223 196 297 318 394 143 879 867 994 730 442 656 220 518 689 30.3

208 102 760 585 460 129 168 648 680 565 245 498 660

79 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1

620 798 817 192 417 396 256 035 618 692 655 256 965 143 398 012 586 690 826 934 051 939 295 330 246 110 128 470 493 701 284 33.3 56 378 561 4 327 140 752 930 931 034 898 081 868 922 876 173 4 309 411 876 587 851 983 869 466 834 759 876 616

5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 7 7 6 6 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1

279 124 062 056 031 005 349 030 025 060 069 162 816 165 123 042 314 673 036 732 761 435 398 179 442 796 121 858 59 843 11 433 9 399

4 084 868 823 818 795 777 4 113 799 793 819 824 876 4 133 859 816 4 843 5 134 4 761 4 316 3 428 2 707 2 423 2 307 2 057 1 509 1 021 560 338 41 245 6 858 5 488

003 592 395 271 819 926 279 130 850 535 466 298 041 850 735 901 618 395 745 415 618 614 182 911 981 618 536 153 492 061 199 32.3

755 856 031 270 217 168 169 657 162 123 142 091 137

134 830 344 196 416 851 023 479 176 780 439 426 658

8 684 684 119 145 141 138 139 685 139 135 137 133 138

826 110 808 070 807 031 362 762 516 950 862 272 958 474 911 497 573 937 215 899 388 566 304 927 561 155 864 793 771 483 300 33.3 38 856 067 3 001 457 528 023 652 051 624 256 597 990 599 137 2 895 042 594 828 575 739 585 289 557 235 581 951

629 136 127 125 121 117 650 119 117 120 136 157 662 149 139 712 739 668 580 449 360 336 351 356 296 236 156 126 6 328 1 387 1 172

2 702 576 544 540 526 515 2 750 528 525 545 552 598 2 959 600 576 3 521 3 623 3 275 2 944 2 313 1 828 1 655 1 589 1 424 1 044 703 385 233 28 657 4 734 3 791

321 69 65 64 61 60 331 60 59 61 69 79 336 76 70 354 365 331 288 221 174 159 160 156 123 90 53 33 3 000 554 457

909 297 480 690 441 001 923 339 367 555 790 872 483 681 963 723 838 521 912 714 958 969 663 665 947 358 467 518 398 601 955 32.2

794 979 267 654 958 336 764 136 697 772 771 084 812

392 644 687 659 758 644 613 293 034 200 779 307 752 499 644 811 600 068 818 328 048 706 627 533 871 508 349 655 760 192 916 32.1 4 205 832 350 463 60 978 74 423 72 758 70 769 71 535 350 680 71 693 69 166 70 341 68 256 71 224 742 666 334 370 902 470 974 734 946 657 650 987 969 007 794 280 881 039 193 711 870 809 510 383 686 675 034 933 610 809 711 30.7

402 044 322 463 852 721 281 980 068 542 014 677 255 170 843 704 413 685 793 707 615 667 364 870 814 447 915 022 962 026 068 33.8 13 316 662 975 220 163 929 204 560 201 067 200 163 205 501 1 063 689 210 066 207 078 213 836 209 268 223 441 1 059 222 213 213 207 202 1 030 210 208 212 202 197 836 183 168 967 1 144 1 154 1 083 892 703 607 557 476 341 227 122 70 9 587 1 568 1 238

352 629 581 211 476 455 382 057 537 323 026 439 589 162 978 898 899 835 640 990 790 836 009 863 348 585 035 702 484 651 533 33.2

156 811 211 102 932 100 384 538 315 388 736 407 467 698 994 087 446 665 782 576 098 017 296 269 836 553 483 513 231 377 654 33.8 27 415 430 2 026 710 350 016 425 011 416 047 412 229 423 407 2 188 797 432 430 426 865 441 365 429 535 458 602 2 174 459 439 436 425 413 2 193 423 419 429 444 476 1 975 441 412 2 054 2 185 2 103 1 873 1 512 1 283 1 202 1 235 1 169 918 673 394 248 19 753 4 156 3 404

314 763 294 575 609 073 555 155 943 083 794 580 864 700 480 030 092 652 942 864 726 613 986 529 331 420 116 889 428 601 285 32.5

259 991 188 197 478 423 705 773 459 884 159 315 956

9 873 710 125 151 146 142 144 714 144 141 143 138 145

274 934 841 465 748 286 640 182 921 355 363 819 809 746 122 233 371 758 694 717 936 804 615 309 073 150 147 965 763 059 644 31.8 740 907 55 182 9 872 11 836 11 476 10 927 11 071 53 486 10 914 10 686 10 785 10 348 10 753

666 143 135 133 129 124 827 127 125 129 188 256 972 241 223 780 762 698 598 463 395 388 419 427 364 299 208 176 7 399 1 732 1 475

49 10 10 9 9 9 57 9 9 9 12 17 79 17 17 68 63 56 47 35 28 27 29 30 24 16 9 5 554 106 87

704 714 155 934 538 363 926 293 189 406 760 278 789 679 725 630 422 516 815 276 257 535 470 966 891 845 647 550 647 003 899 30.4

345 011 531 189 085 776 430 324 998 652 740 277 657

9 458 683 120 144 140 137 140 708 141 139 143 137 146

847 528 822 610 341 546 261 716 581 782 173 009 256 468 797 150 009 507 926 771 300 485 559 402 254 626 416 241 084 233 939 31.7 4 717 395 362 584 64 251 77 298 74 447 72 771 73 817 365 371 73 876 72 531 73 381 70 836 74 747

680 145 137 136 132 128 704 130 129 133 146 163 660 150 138 688 711 665 580 463 403 400 442 459 406 344 243 211 6 991 1 937 1 665

470 156 869 008 610 827 141 642 566 452 590 891 460 104 222 717 002 043 828 040 213 851 770 453 133 262 449 954 656 798 251 34.2 4 462 453 348 624 61 182 73 512 71 816 70 303 71 811 360 958 72 471 70 777 72 632 70 427 74 651

2 785 583 560 561 549 531 2 604 542 539 545 504 471 2 053 433 404 2 482 2 783 2 713 2 457 2 049 1 762 1 669 1 690 1 597 1 274 971 599 438 25 519 5 903 4 880

339 73 69 68 65 62 411 64 63 66 90 126 499 120 113 395 377 345 295 223 186 177 186 183 146 109 67 44 3 454 663 550

347 74 70 69 67 65 357 66 65 68 73 83 333 76 69 341 348 327 284 222 189 182 196 196 163 126 79 55 3 205 743 622

1 438 301 289 289 282 275 1 366 282 280 285 267 249 1 062 227 211 1 248 1 394 1 375 1 246 1 031 879 815 823 758 583 420 237 143 12 538 2 643 2 143

527 585 215 139 665 923 885 961 931 116 761 116 759 165 127 511 945 076 187 544 590 353 553 034 350 186 143 797 905 964 510 29.8

347 664 217 369 812 596 670 897 845 447 007 905 693

002 151 494 265 676 416 596 561 948 176 724 187 459 143 843 209 771 033 507 620 656 042 723 857 836 504 774 282 184 441 253 32.0

35 132 181 2 459 008 419 432 512 429 504 718 502 691 519 738 2 739 836 534 163 532 475 552 380 540 736 580 082 565 193 679 019 233 441 342 998 247 799 610 688 942 380 853 987 064 357 334 048 649 877 352 105 376 515 471 353 728 287 820 34.4 17 494 675 1 260 320 214 711 262 365 258 308 258 228 266 708 1 408 982 275 169 272 871 284 567 277 924 298 451

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

081 313 430 237 730 371 148 340 875 385 549 999 857 713 785 680 954 027 433 424 223 683 240 672 254 885 552 260 692 193 623 33.5

21

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Age and Sex: 1990 Con.

Table 15.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

Outside urbanized area Outside urbanized area

Total

In central city

Total

Inside urbanized area

753 070 159 642 752 897 620 619 321 207 140 615 336 240 957 264 924 260 835 488 446 523 357 919 243 113 334 895 052 600 861 962 264 403 982 810 688 012 468 278 843

40 398 106 2 913 108 520 329 637 091 611 373 578 690 565 625 2 659 382 557 228 529 625 534 361 510 876 527 292 2 416 623 522 751 488 842 481 003 468 662 455 365 2 750 511 465 541 467 755 487 200 595 730 734 285 3 542 189 747 041 715 232 3 751 941 3 577 632 3 096 566 2 625 881 2 024 745 1 709 970 1 631 657 1 723 697 1 726 269 1 435 747 1 202 976 853 686 755 526

58 503 647 4 114 962 717 830 883 551 853 379 828 207 831 995 4 098 237 833 093 810 582 826 779 795 739 832 044 3 874 617 823 206 780 422 775 921 759 598 735 470 3 841 977 753 905 746 768 766 157 762 189 812 958 3 936 924 799 293 764 663 4 836 111 5 211 968 4 878 295 4 439 081 3 501 519 2 788 433 2 549 325 2 563 113 2 469 419 1 966 265 1 534 492 1 029 592 869 317

40 899 067 2 855 373 503 321 618 145 593 160 570 861 569 886 2 762 437 567 348 548 041 557 150 534 191 555 707 2 576 917 547 813 518 328 515 380 505 366 490 030 2 598 439 502 423 500 149 515 395 517 072 563 400 2 857 475 564 793 546 948 3 520 774 3 690 735 3 398 416 3 091 303 2 419 185 1 932 430 1 779 597 1 808 641 1 755 262 1 397 614 1 092 797 736 397 625 275

4 478 334 58 71 69 67 68 334 68 66 67 64 67 307 66 62 61 59 57 318 58 57 58 67 77 325 73 68 358 373 337 292 227 185 176 191 200 173 145 103 92

96 450 301 22 105 515 18 676 658 34.1

75 137 498 16 432 739 13 843 289 33.8

30 988 497 7 019 099 5 974 204 32.9

44 149 001 9 413 640 7 869 085 34.3

31 186 373 6 698 882 5 607 345 34.4

100.0 25.6 7.4 18.2 61.9 10.8 32.5 18.6 12.6 9.7 2.8 100.0 26.9 7.7 19.1 62.8 11.2 33.1 18.4 10.4 8.5 1.8 100.0 24.3 7.0 17.3 61.0 10.3 31.8 18.9 14.7 10.9 3.8

100.0 25.3 7.5 17.8 62.8 10.9 33.4 18.5 11.9 9.3 2.6 100.0 26.6 7.9 18.7 63.7 11.4 34.1 18.2 9.8 8.1 1.7 100.0 24.0 7.1 16.9 62.0 10.5 32.8 18.7 14.0 10.4 3.5

100.0 24.7 7.6 17.0 62.9 12.5 33.3 17.1 12.4 9.4 2.9 100.0 26.1 8.1 18.0 64.0 13.0 34.4 16.6 9.8 8.0 1.8 100.0 23.3 7.2 16.1 61.9 12.1 32.3 17.6 14.8 10.8 4.0

100.0 25.7 7.3 18.3 62.7 9.9 33.4 19.4 11.6 9.2 2.4 100.0 26.8 7.7 19.2 63.4 10.3 33.8 19.3 9.7 8.1 1.6 100.0 24.5 7.0 17.5 62.0 9.4 33.1 19.5 13.5 10.2 3.2

95.1 105.0 104.8 105.1 97.8 103.8 99.0 92.7 67.3 74.5 46.4

94.9 104.9 104.8 104.9 97.5 103.2 98.6 92.3 66.2 73.3 45.1

92.7 104.0 104.3 103.9 95.9 100.3 98.8 87.5 61.5 68.5 42.4

96.4 105.4 105.2 105.5 98.6 105.8 98.4 95.3 69.7 76.9 47.3

United States

Inside urbanized area

Rural

Total

618 073 220 175 019 779 880 344 741 935 199 720 749 050 415 741 252 376 266 899 923 531 219 988 238 666 008 865 806 514 850 153 717 825 831 355 007 466 862 880 320

28 568 702 1 933 964 334 352 406 173 398 046 392 257 403 136 2 079 033 410 035 407 593 418 921 407 698 434 786 2 055 842 433 048 414 917 413 527 404 323 390 027 2 058 829 396 383 392 372 398 305 420 942 450 827 1 865 603 418 998 389 514 2 029 057 2 196 354 2 086 013 1 858 840 1 535 712 1 337 372 1 316 404 1 382 310 1 383 740 1 183 505 984 133 684 367 597 624

779 52 9 11 11 10 10 51 10 10 10 9 10 47 10 9 9 9 8 58 8 8 8 13 18 75 18 17 62 61 56 47 37 31 32 36 38 32 25 17 14

3 328 150 832 383 715 205 33.4

9 634 478 1 882 375 1 546 535 34.4

21 312 803 5 672 776 4 833 369 35.1

601 116 150 056 127 745 33.3

100.0 25.0 7.3 17.6 63.2 10.1 33.9 19.2 11.8 9.3 2.5 100.0 26.2 7.7 18.5 64.0 10.6 34.4 19.0 9.8 8.2 1.6 100.0 23.7 7.0 16.8 62.5 9.6 33.5 19.4 13.7 10.4 3.3

100.0 27.1 7.9 19.2 59.4 11.0 31.1 17.2 13.5 10.2 3.3 100.0 28.7 8.3 20.3 60.5 11.6 31.8 17.0 10.9 8.8 2.1 100.0 25.7 7.5 18.2 58.3 10.5 30.4 17.4 16.0 11.6 4.4

100.0 27.3 7.2 20.1 62.2 8.8 32.7 20.6 10.5 8.5 2.0 100.0 28.0 7.3 20.7 62.7 9.3 32.7 20.7 9.3 7.9 1.4 100.0 26.6 7.0 19.6 61.6 8.4 32.8 20.4 11.8 9.2 2.6

100.0 26.6 7.1 19.6 58.6 10.1 29.3 19.3 14.7 11.3 3.4 100.0 27.9 7.4 20.6 59.6 10.6 30.0 19.1 12.4 10.1 2.3 100.0 25.4 6.8 18.6 57.7 9.6 28.6 19.5 16.9 12.4 4.5

95.0 105.0 105.1 105.0 97.2 104.4 97.6 93.1 67.6 74.7 45.5

93.9 104.7 104.8 104.7 97.3 103.5 98.3 91.8 64.0 71.4 44.4

101.5 106.8 105.4 107.3 103.2 112.0 101.1 103.0 80.1 86.8 56.5

96.0 105.6 104.8 105.9 99.2 105.8 100.6 94.0 70.4 77.8 50.2

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

AGE Con.

                                            

Female Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

127 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 10 10 10 8 7 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2

470 962 572 926 862 799 800 836 800 747 780 714 794 347 779 684 670 632 580 651 615 606 651 778 998 344 965 869 617 985 060 923 061 835 497 669 579 585 721 567 222

455 034 511 815 798 154 756 652 356 800 061 313 122 082 005 181 451 583 862 317 829 895 662 861 070 716 332 409 109 954 874 802 976 775 386 120 428 517 601 645 467

98 7 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 8 8 7 7 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1

901 028 238 520 464 406 397 757 390 340 361 306 359 291 345 269 256 228 190 592 219 214 253 357 547 479 546 479 588 789 974 064 526 498 180 286 195 402 737 883 624

962 516 289 231 200 567 229 456 004 606 430 828 588 650 978 353 289 856 174 639 559 088 543 129 320 783 492 850 531 719 029 625 617 178 897 117 150 185 833 315 722

13 125 925 156 194 191 189 193 1 001 197 195 202 196 208 990 208 199 199 194 188 924 192 189 192 177 172 753 161 148 956 1 147 1 142 1 055 854 670 592 563 514 395 295 189 151

352 809 316 361 002 496 634 287 545 198 374 967 203 570 220 686 531 210 923 714 889 732 949 603 541 020 067 397 603 949 242 879 441 679 269 145 343 182 305 500 415

5 155 347 61 73 71 70 70 348 71 69 70 67 70 327 69 66 65 63 61 415 62 61 63 97 129 472 121 110 384 384 353 303 240 208 211 233 244 217 190 141 131

950 427 280 891 638 005 613 953 122 121 359 441 910 320 943 607 471 676 623 376 755 650 666 412 893 497 303 670 639 064 431 739 227 710 132 006 368 904 440 273 444

4 995 335 59 70 68 67 68 347 69 68 70 67 72 333 71 67 66 64 63 346 64 63 65 72 80 327 73 68 347 362 338 296 240 213 218 246 262 242 217 163 156

894 040 035 857 996 293 859 939 374 670 375 478 042 468 005 375 743 934 411 545 081 618 276 866 704 001 961 379 508 231 010 321 420 557 809 047 596 297 758 675 672

17 637 506 1 198 688 204 721 250 064 246 410 244 463 253 030 1 330 854 258 994 259 604 267 813 262 812 281 631 1 347 484 281 880 271 249 271 782 266 503 256 070 1 238 194 260 658 258 372 260 414 237 061 221 689 991 085 205 667 193 068 1 234 307 1 388 110 1 338 330 1 210 901 1 017 624 883 426 854 194 867 112 838 433 691 122 550 630 361 919 295 093

3 944 179 1 068 269 925 429 33.6

3 786 472 1 194 357 1 042 998 36.4

12 981 036 3 260 094 2 737 197 35.3

100.0 24.0 7.1 16.9 61.8 14.3 30.6 17.0 14.2 11.1 3.1 100.0 25.1 7.4 17.7 63.0 14.8 31.9 16.3 11.9 9.8 2.1 100.0 22.9 6.8 16.1 60.7 13.8 29.3 17.6 16.4 12.3 4.1

100.0 25.1 7.2 17.9 60.0 14.3 28.8 16.9 14.9 11.1 3.9 100.0 26.8 7.7 19.1 61.6 15.2 30.0 16.4 11.7 9.3 2.4 100.0 23.5 6.7 16.8 58.5 13.6 27.7 17.3 17.9 12.7 5.3

100.0 26.1 7.2 18.9 56.3 10.3 28.0 18.1 17.6 12.8 4.8 100.0 28.2 7.8 20.4 57.9 11.0 29.2 17.7 13.9 10.9 3.0 100.0 24.2 6.7 17.5 54.9 9.6 26.9 18.4 20.9 14.5 6.4

100.0 27.4 7.0 20.4 58.7 8.6 29.7 20.4 13.9 10.9 3.0 100.0 28.3 7.2 21.1 59.4 9.0 30.1 20.3 12.3 10.1 2.2 100.0 26.4 6.8 19.6 58.1 8.2 29.3 20.5 15.5 11.8 3.7

95.1 104.5 104.5 104.5 98.6 102.5 103.4 87.6 68.8 75.9 47.6

91.5 104.2 104.4 104.1 96.2 102.4 99.1 86.7 59.5 67.2 41.0

89.3 104.0 104.1 103.9 94.1 102.0 96.8 86.1 59.7 67.4 42.2

99.2 106.4 105.1 106.9 101.5 109.0 101.8 98.0 78.3 84.7 58.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

                                

All persons Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over Female Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over

MALES PER 100 FEMALES

          

All persons Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over

22

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

371

Section Five: Census Data

Table 16.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

AGE All persons Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

248 18 3 3 3 3 3 18 3 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 4 19 4 3 21 21 19 17 13 11 10 10 10 7 6 3 3 185 37 31

Male Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

121 9 1 2 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 2 9 2 1 10 10 9 8 6 5 5 4 4 3 2 1

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

372

709 354 217 949 815 683 689 099 689 577 645 508 677 114 653 455 423 339 243 754 321 304 410 641 076 020 009 817 313 862 963 615 872 350 531 616 111 994 121 933 080 105 629 241

873 443 312 107 040 177 807 179 533 632 761 668 585 249 177 515 450 000 107 015 609 890 062 238 216 312 414 220 045 887 117 786 573 513 756 167 735 823 369 739 165 441 695 831 32.9

199 13 2 2 2 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 2 2 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 3 14 3 2 16 17 16 14 11 9 8 9 8 7 5 3 2 152 33 27

686 649 404 924 814 740 765 616 768 695 744 638 769 853 739 596 576 507 433 342 493 469 545 731 102 523 059 921 638 351 081 506 585 504 968 211 899 126 485 552 788 057 413 851

070 490 258 714 615 124 779 268 212 163 498 590 805 558 524 959 523 044 508 703 892 848 173 047 743 912 999 434 544 513 606 390 703 871 416 123 637 564 025 695 052 841 308 973 34.4

29 986 060 2 785 902 480 022 606 682 594 379 557 295 547 524 2 671 109 545 555 522 290 536 416 518 764 548 084 2 601 590 560 039 528 407 519 424 505 268 488 452 2 658 493 499 514 504 009 522 291 545 985 586 694 2 578 953 553 265 513 252 2 707 765 2 681 724 2 336 766 1 876 062 1 405 766 1 179 011 1 032 749 961 619 863 045 640 415 481 270 293 638 230 183 20 401 645 3 079 838 2 508 551 28.1

1 959 201 36 43 42 40 40 199 40 39 40 38 40 188 40 37 37 37 35 180 35 35 35 35 37 165 35 33 175 170 150 126 96 76 61 51 42 29 21 12 9 1 262 144 114

234 950 089 077 157 519 108 446 657 454 875 295 165 000 017 788 420 047 728 516 740 886 945 798 147 549 124 401 577 668 182 154 817 714 819 389 710 270 152 116 205 267 397 453 26.2

7 273 589 93 130 126 120 119 596 121 119 119 116 119 551 117 109 108 109 107 603 112 115 117 125 132 632 134 129 691 726 669 572 405 311 250 218 178 122 80 43 29 5 190 581 454

662 845 460 536 175 256 418 133 788 463 740 064 078 552 357 049 190 012 944 761 663 477 717 310 594 258 694 179 069 183 818 194 590 651 633 517 497 234 139 850 738 275 339 458 29.8

9 804 847 1 127 256 203 483 244 098 237 714 224 983 216 978 1 016 223 213 321 201 262 204 232 196 955 200 453 919 549 196 240 183 312 181 893 180 629 177 475 968 542 179 800 179 670 188 936 203 098 217 038 1 119 640 226 332 219 954 1 100 090 932 799 724 745 534 986 378 697 278 266 218 139 173 519 127 846 76 340 53 783 31 440 22 987 6 193 413 410 813 312 396 23.9

22 354 059 2 387 524 427 454 518 131 502 284 477 574 462 081 2 193 852 457 089 434 252 441 276 426 113 435 122 2 001 617 427 686 400 840 397 566 393 120 382 405 2 053 957 387 038 385 257 402 212 426 930 452 520 2 304 441 469 015 451 608 2 341 239 2 062 303 1 660 726 1 284 268 953 910 755 989 639 308 553 642 436 257 286 772 213 265 130 425 94 564 14 596 559 1 481 076 1 161 283 25.5

188 12 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 2 2 2 2 13 2 2 15 16 15 13 11 9 8 8 8 6 5 3 2 144 32 27

239 392 644 022 952 884 889 262 889 829 865 794 883 767 874 771 752 706 662 102 705 697 758 862 078 675 044 947 695 876 902 691 810 514 034 947 532 409 399 366 857 88 655 15 524 12 565

418 409 801 292 242 023 051 527 177 832 700 355 463 167 172 334 999 417 245 698 780 995 400 377 146 596 082 811 936 933 243 984 597 738 370 047 307 306 768 094 698 140 180 173 31.7

97 7 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 8 8 8 7 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 1

475 004 232 501 443 405 420 990 421 383 408 353 422 606 409 335 324 286 251 845 283 271 313 395 581 388 557 487 384 699 054 227 736 657 330 334 013 055 154 227 764 73 005 13 815 11 214

880 481 872 743 588 927 351 531 766 042 754 997 972 726 578 768 022 049 309 571 835 496 056 825 359 380 979 818 815 545 129 231 583 384 811 784 229 729 399 102 450 755 696 909 33.1

14 170 151 1 408 495 242 400 306 688 300 974 281 772 276 661 1 350 265 275 929 263 945 271 512 261 738 277 141 1 314 408 283 915 266 494 262 327 254 519 247 153 1 342 263 253 591 256 012 266 726 274 060 291 874 1 258 626 273 585 253 358 1 285 760 1 250 610 1 083 051 865 660 642 441 531 976 456 919 414 245 362 942 254 699 178 540 100 659 68 592 9 320 654 1 210 356 965 432 26.6

967 102 18 21 21 20 20 101 20 19 20 19 20 95 20 19 19 18 18 93 18 18 18 18 19 85 18 17 87 82 72 61 46 36 29 24 19 12 8 4 3 612 62 48

186 628 303 932 375 656 362 188 636 985 751 346 470 747 316 307 055 977 092 058 348 320 644 618 128 043 159 422 474 744 594 194 993 888 354 192 298 500 460 557 274 311 073 089 25.3

3 558 301 47 67 64 61 60 301 61 60 60 58 60 281 59 55 54 55 55 312 58 59 60 64 68 325 70 67 342 349 316 266 195 152 113 94 79 54 36 21 12 2 494 259 204

038 346 604 255 635 133 719 833 701 486 576 736 334 125 764 652 938 361 410 417 385 630 945 788 669 982 127 260 628 807 522 792 406 085 509 139 518 300 801 429 399 774 026 447 28.7

5 068 575 103 124 121 114 110 518 109 102 104 100 102 469 100 94 92 91 90 509 91 92 99 109 117 617 124 121 595 494 375 271 189 136 103 79 57 32 21 12 8 3 221 177 132

11 388 059 1 218 194 217 883 264 614 256 941 243 056 235 700 1 118 733 233 523 221 089 224 818 217 191 222 112 1 023 383 218 916 205 488 203 316 199 836 195 827 1 083 893 198 402 199 659 212 793 229 367 243 672 1 261 500 256 052 248 677 1 250 358 1 074 457 846 161 640 168 468 257 364 219 302 371 254 956 195 578 119 805 83 355 49 174 33 497 7 416 895 627 520 481 409 25.0

91 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 7 8 7 6 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 1

163 459 622 674 670 535 958 710 145 374 107 538 546 161 599 113 657 511 281 389 621 537 029 086 116 565 232 953 259 227 947 107 174 405 777 687 320 078 568 347 983 646 029 296 23.7

128 488 197 672 571 507 539 530 543 480 525 427 552 856 526 396 377 311 244 344 303 280 348 525 886 437 837 709 500 320 228 820 055 063 576 855 609 928 334 458 719 320 404 050

296 719 217 461 497 627 917 091 243 472 976 541 859 103 043 621 773 109 557 701 102 559 737 629 674 924 680 305 149 031 401 470 962 504 335 087 792 488 213 576 750 985 673 819 34.9

656 412 127 372 319 287 305 436 306 273 297 246 312 095 300 233 222 186 154 317 185 172 208 285 465 797 437 371 784 169 625 889 479 446 145 170 882 972 096 192 741 69 144 13 390 10 885

591 523 357 916 430 610 210 879 800 657 437 539 446 971 460 211 081 188 031 448 489 833 299 390 437 975 359 815 058 821 474 258 265 865 689 114 701 869 128 370 183 597 700 251 33.6

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

23

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 16. Age and Sex by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States

White, not of Hispanic origin

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

684 797 861 424 044 448 020 513 176 888 125 417 907

10 966 000 1 169 330 209 571 253 517 245 343 234 518 226 381 1 075 119 223 566 213 163 216 458 208 922 213 010

427 593 397 252 651 534 344 278 847 772 522 925 306 276 64 567 61 919 348 441 376 376 353 296 305 402 210 184 159 566 137 124 124 378 98 979 67 934 43 338 22 421 17 339 2 695 501 322 313 250 011

388 641 199 236 118 194 153 179 133 907 012 922 502 075 102 100 98 001 504 831 438 572 348 798 263 879 189 523 141 861 114 362 93 832 70 526 44 262 32 215 19 093 14 004 2 971 767 233 784 180 100

978 234 208 770 195 352 194 250 193 284 186 578 970 064 188 636 185 598 189 419 197 563 208 848 1 042 941 212 963 202 931 1 090 881 987 846 814 565 644 100 485 653 391 770 336 937 298 686 240 679 166 967 129 910 81 251 61 067 7 179 664 853 556 679 874

5 760 132 1 225 583 1 163 410 1 155 692 1 124 921 1 090 526 6 027 253 1 117 613 1 107 726 1 140 438 1 240 239 1 421 237 6 639 949 1 400 321 1 337 490 7 716 091 8 150 210 7 602 927 6 931 212 5 576 697 4 616 639 4 430 646 4 684 973 4 727 091 3 955 619 3 238 085 2 266 206 1 978 567 75 176 388 19 013 973 16 165 568

27.2

30.7

24.1

26.1

36.1

100.0 32.0 9.3 22.7 59.7 12.4 32.0 15.3 8.4 6.6 1.7

100.0 35.6 10.3 25.3 58.6 12.2 31.8 14.6 5.8 4.8 1.1

100.0 28.6 8.1 20.5 65.1 12.2 36.6 16.3 6.2 5.2 1.0

100.0 36.8 11.5 25.3 60.0 15.7 33.6 10.7 3.2 2.6 .6

100.0 34.7 10.7 24.0 60.1 14.2 32.9 13.0 5.2 4.2 1.0

100.0 23.3 6.6 16.6 62.3 10.0 32.4 20.0 14.4 11.1 3.3

100.0 25.1 7.2 17.9 63.4 10.6 33.2 19.6 11.5 9.5 2.0

100.0 34.2 9.9 24.3 59.0 12.9 31.7 14.4 6.8 5.6 1.2

100.0 36.7 10.6 26.1 58.3 12.7 31.4 14.2 5.0 4.2 .8

100.0 29.9 8.5 21.4 64.4 12.9 35.9 15.6 5.7 4.8 1.0

100.0 36.4 11.4 25.1 61.0 16.6 34.3 10.0 2.6 2.2 .4

100.0 34.9 10.7 24.2 60.9 15.2 33.5 12.2 4.2 3.5 .7

100.0 24.6 7.0 17.6 63.6 10.4 33.2 19.9 11.9 9.8 2.1

100.0 24.3 7.0 17.3 61.0 10.3 31.8 18.9 14.7 10.9 3.8

100.0 22.7 6.5 16.2 61.1 9.8 31.5 19.8 16.3 12.0 4.3

100.0 29.9 8.7 21.2 60.3 11.9 32.4 16.0 9.8 7.5 2.2

100.0 34.5 10.0 24.5 58.8 11.7 32.1 15.1 6.7 5.3 1.4

100.0 27.5 7.8 19.7 65.8 11.6 37.2 17.0 6.7 5.7 1.1

100.0 37.3 11.6 25.6 58.9 14.7 32.9 11.4 3.8 3.1 .7

100.0 34.5 10.7 23.9 59.3 13.2 32.3 13.8 6.2 4.9 1.3

100.0 22.1 6.3 15.8 61.2 9.6 31.5 20.0 16.8 12.4 4.4

95.1 105.0 104.8 105.1 97.8 103.8 99.0 92.7 67.3 74.5 46.4

95.4 105.7 105.4 105.8 99.0 103.7 100.5 94.3 67.4 75.1 45.8

89.6 102.4 102.3 102.5 87.6 96.7 87.6 80.7 62.6 67.0 47.7

97.5 103.7 103.3 103.9 96.7 106.1 95.4 92.0 72.5 76.1 58.1

95.8 104.2 104.5 104.1 93.7 106.7 92.2 87.9 81.8 81.2 85.1

107.0 104.6 104.3 104.8 110.7 121.2 111.6 94.3 73.5 75.5 64.4

103.8 104.9 104.2 105.2 106.7 119.7 107.7 91.9 70.8 74.2 58.1

95.0 105.7 105.5 105.8 98.7 102.7 100.2 94.5 67.3 75.1 45.6

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

White

Black

190 009 386 971 027 197 428 737 446 121 744 593 833

15 815 909 1 377 407 237 622 299 994 293 405 275 523 270 863 1 320 844 269 626 258 345 264 904 257 026 270 943

8 347 082 1 779 005 1 684 181 1 670 451 1 632 583 1 580 862 8 651 317 1 615 829 1 606 895 1 651 662 1 778 861 1 998 070 9 344 716 1 965 332 1 869 409 10 617 109 10 985 954 10 060 874 8 923 802 7 061 976 5 835 775 5 497 386 5 669 120 5 579 428 4 585 517 3 721 601 2 567 645 2 222 467 96 450 301 22 105 515 18 676 658

6 246 832 1 329 946 1 261 191 1 252 501 1 220 995 1 182 199 6 497 132 1 210 057 1 198 352 1 232 117 1 335 222 1 521 384 7 135 532 1 502 020 1 433 616 8 253 729 8 651 968 8 027 477 7 279 159 5 849 120 4 847 487 4 637 605 4 876 339 4 886 408 4 070 835 3 330 626 2 325 593 2 023 602 79 052 086 19 597 612 16 637 064

1 287 182 276 124 261 913 257 097 250 749 241 299 1 316 230 245 923 247 997 255 565 271 925 294 820 1 320 327 279 680 259 894 1 422 005 1 431 114 1 253 715 1 010 402 763 325 647 035 575 830 547 374 500 103 385 716 302 730 192 979 161 591 11 080 991 1 869 482 1 543 119

92 253 19 701 18 481 18 365 18 070 17 636 87 458 17 392 17 566 17 301 17 180 18 019 80 506 16 965 15 979 88 103 87 924 77 588 64 960 49 824 39 826 32 465 27 197 23 412 16 770 12 692 7 559 5 931 649 956 82 324 66 364

34.1

35.6

29.5

100.0 25.6 7.4 18.2 61.9 10.8 32.5 18.6 12.6 9.7 2.8

100.0 23.9 6.8 17.0 62.2 10.2 32.3 19.7 13.9 10.8 3.2

100.0 26.9 7.7 19.1 62.8 11.2 33.1 18.4 10.4 8.5 1.8

All persons

Asian or Pacific Islander

AGE Con.

                                                                   Median age 

Female Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over

127 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1

470 962 572 926 862 799 800 836 800 747 780 714 794

455 034 511 815 798 154 756 652 356 800 061 313 122

102 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1

210 645 171 422 371 334 345 625 346 312 335 284 346

992 99 17 21 20 19 19 98 20 19 20 18 19

048 322 786 145 782 863 746 258 021 469 124 949 695

624 499 856 281 540 123 699 300 087 977 164 328 744

3 715 288 45 63 61 59 58 294 60 58 59 57 58 270 57 53 53 53 52 291 54 55 56 60 63

4 736 551 99 119 116 110 106 497 104 98 100 96 97 450 95 89 89 89 87 459 88 87 89 94 99

96 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1

471 076 069 299 252 220 234 093 236 206 228 181 240

705 196 860 545 067 017 707 212 443 815 539 002 413

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

                  Male  Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over  65 to 79 years 80 years and over  Female  Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over  65 to 79 years 80 years and over 

All persons Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over

MALES PER 100 FEMALES

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 5 years 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 79 years 80 years and over

24

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

373

Section Five: Census Data

Table 17.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex of White Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Total

Total

Central place

Outside urbanized area

Urban fringe

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years

143 9 9 8 9 11 12 12 11 10

807 793 351 571 339 340 702 753 501 258

279 036 265 734 015 524 568 384 197 030

119 8 7 6 7 9 10 10 9 8

359 104 623 955 529 389 842 840 718 680

248 939 867 416 265 229 624 990 710 582

52 3 3 2 3 4 5 4 4 3

192 447 110 756 275 716 073 787 147 552

735 154 382 656 891 948 672 763 794 806

67 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 5 5

166 657 513 198 253 672 768 053 570 127

513 785 485 760 374 281 952 227 916 776

24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

448 688 727 616 809 951 859 912 782 577

031 097 398 318 750 295 944 394 487 448

55 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4

878 856 265 281 003 183 935 598 580 248

791 454 003 824 688 388 976 129 409 360

150 10 10 9 9 11 13 13 12 11

863 373 049 317 791 302 157 558 407 175

170 627 829 486 955 321 035 193 188 027

51 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 3

452 385 057 712 226 636 996 716 092 506

071 726 257 461 031 549 551 957 686 363

99 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 7

411 987 992 605 565 665 160 841 314 668

099 901 572 025 924 772 484 236 502 664

48 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

822 275 566 536 550 221 481 793 674 331

900 863 439 072 748 591 509 320 418 363

8 6 6 6 6 5 4 2 2

050 585 289 580 476 242 091 703 176

615 434 986 603 032 547 207 743 359

6 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 1

805 534 258 455 311 235 258 126 686

992 601 844 201 681 046 747 627 887

2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

723 255 189 347 361 944 566 063 872

157 006 300 825 610 380 971 239 181

4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1

082 279 069 107 950 290 691 063 814

835 595 544 376 071 666 776 388 706

1 1 1 1 1 1

244 050 031 125 164 007 832 577 489

623 833 142 402 351 501 460 116 472

3 2 2 2 2 1 1

535 919 678 630 423 884 393 848 611

088 437 430 520 605 017 818 952 693

8 7 6 6 6 5 3 2 2

835 134 677 813 552 188 960 559 009

278 496 203 447 823 426 211 144 481

2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

689 229 165 320 330 918 548 052 865

871 824 182 824 400 710 934 733 012

6 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1

145 904 512 492 222 269 411 506 144

407 672 021 623 423 716 277 411 469

2 2 2 2 2 1 1

750 370 291 397 346 938 524 993 778

425 375 213 676 814 138 814 551 571

114 111 104 24 20

433 078 370 670 689

150 601 102 612 888 34.2

95 92 87 19 16

325 587 227 909 618

561 021 798 375 988 34.2

42 41 38 9 7

348 266 616 231 808

978 716 003 580 381 33.8

52 51 48 10 8

976 320 611 677 810

583 305 795 795 607 34.5

19 18 17 4 4

107 491 142 761 070

589 580 304 237 900 34.1

42 40 38 8 7

639 979 793 742 162

712 240 950 696 085 34.8

119 115 108 24 20

313 664 994 372 270

319 035 125 571 085 34.2

41 40 38 9 7

775 708 100 122 715

072 100 990 158 789 33.9

77 74 70 15 12

538 955 893 250 554

247 935 135 413 296 34.4

37 36 34 9 7

759 393 169 040 581

543 806 927 737 888 35.0

69 5 4 4 4 5 6 6 5 5

549 023 791 391 745 744 423 409 745 072

285 332 268 353 489 159 903 812 143 652

57 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 4

900 159 906 565 834 753 492 463 860 291

997 277 965 288 877 574 989 001 989 357

25 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1

230 767 593 411 652 386 602 446 108 776

721 740 027 696 436 904 167 695 535 453

32 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

670 391 313 153 182 366 890 016 752 514

276 537 938 592 441 670 822 306 454 904

11 648 864 884 826 910 990 930 946 884 781

288 055 303 065 612 585 914 811 154 295

27 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2

926 981 199 215 100 644 960 289 308 154

595 149 263 373 082 221 912 733 986 579

73 5 5 4 5 5 6 6 6 5

568 323 156 784 014 736 637 807 204 549

535 826 643 626 289 564 912 035 158 135

24 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1

858 736 565 388 626 344 561 409 080 752

112 181 681 880 955 551 070 432 305 362

48 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3

710 587 590 395 387 392 076 397 123 796

423 645 962 746 334 013 842 603 853 773

23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

907 680 833 822 831 651 746 892 849 678

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

3 3 2 3 2 2 1

942 179 996 036 851 186 548 892 568

198 620 413 706 107 233 652 980 265

3 2 2 2 2 1 1

335 676 517 529 347 776 240 705 443

534 869 695 843 410 139 888 232 070

1 1 1 1 1

335 083 034 070 022 794 578 341 223

672 370 524 899 927 180 233 426 837

1 1 1 1 1

999 593 483 458 324 981 662 363 219

862 499 171 944 483 959 655 806 233

606 502 478 506 503 410 307 187 125

664 751 718 863 697 094 764 748 195

1 1 1 1 1

794 477 334 298 162 869 605 334 196

385 764 398 078 122 496 747 122 185

4 3 3 3 2 2 1

365 489 229 194 932 205 533 865 538

991 494 021 894 036 054 836 502 519

1 1 1 1 1

318 071 022 058 008 782 570 337 221

984 225 929 760 920 626 514 262 475

3 2 2 2 1 1

047 418 206 136 923 422 963 528 317

007 269 092 134 116 428 322 240 044

1 1 1 1 1

370 167 101 139 081 850 620 361 225

years and over years and over years and over years and over years and over Median age Female Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years

54 52 49 9 8

494 776 395 867 047

478 638 799 436 237 32.8 257 994 769 704 559 997 180 381 593 526 596 365 278 665 343 572 756 054 185 378

45 44 41 8 6

577 174 464 023 512

914 685 333 101 739 32.9 458 251 945 662 716 902 390 128 694 388 635 655 349 635 377 989 857 721 389 225

20 19 18 3 2

187 632 312 602 960

027 770 798 757 603 32.4 962 014 679 414 517 355 344 960 623 455 330 044 471 505 341 068 039 259 776 353

25 24 23 4 3

390 541 151 420 552

564 953 466 335 498 32.2 12 799 743 824 042 843 095 790 253 899 138 960 710 929 030 965 583 898 333 796 153

21 20 19 3 3

095 229 074 948 167

829 117 793 260 672 34.1 952 196 875 305 065 740 066 451 903 606 539 167 975 064 308 396 271 423 093 781

57 55 52 9 8

373 497 101 981 074

959 212 334 196 947 33.0 294 635 049 801 893 186 532 860 777 666 565 757 519 123 751 158 203 030 625 892

19 19 18 3 2

900 354 056 555 920

343 105 034 394 797 32.4 593 959 649 545 491 576 323 581 599 076 291 998 435 481 307 525 012 381 754 001

37 36 34 6 5

473 143 045 425 154

616 107 300 802 150 33.3 700 676 400 256 401 610 209 279 178 590 273 759 083 642 443 633 190 649 871 891

18 17 16 3 3

216 508 369 834 139

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 years and 18 years and 21 years and 62 years and 65 years and Median age

over over over over over

Male Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 16 18 21 62 65

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

over over over over over

years and years and years and years and years and Median age

74 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 5 5

61 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 4

26 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1

34 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

887 915 535 344 136 33.3 496 237 266 248 199 547 045 168 070 933 305 611 878 130 036 921 818 462 612 872

4 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1

108 405 293 543 624 056 542 810 608

417 814 573 897 925 314 555 763 094

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

470 857 741 925 964 458 017 421 243

458 732 149 358 271 907 859 395 817

1 1 1 1 1 1

387 171 154 276 338 150 988 721 648

485 636 776 926 683 200 738 813 344

2 1 1 1 1 1 1

082 686 586 648 625 308 029 699 595

973 096 373 432 588 707 121 582 473

59 58 54 14 12

938 301 974 803 642

672 963 303 176 651 35.6

49 48 45 11 10

747 412 763 886 106

647 336 465 274 249 35.6

22 21 20 5 4

161 633 303 628 847

951 946 205 823 778 35.4

27 26 25 6 5

585 778 460 257 258

696 390 260 451 471 35.7

8 8 7 1 1

10 9 9 2 2

916 601 931 844 534

27 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

77 5 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 5

26 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1

50 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3

24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

538 165 199 131 320 470 308 322 242 099

683 202 286 789 008 474 931 968 283 077

31 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

284 110 367 404 230 751 172 470 432 232

217 661 153 283 740 117 578 352 135 286

871 752 752 833 867 756 628 440 376

620 743 600 436 022 296 047 557 344

1 1 1 1 1 1

878 617 538 564 479 181 896 552 402

805 632 613 240 792 842 767 994 227

825 391 366 580 068

504 621 529 531 266 34.4

23 23 21 5 4

934 002 803 460 513

039 185 398 206 622 35.3

345 655 888 100 282 816 903 510 971 096

8 328 596 613 578 661 750 660 656 616 543

139 195 722 343 185 756 996 964 615 644

15 1 1 1 1

579 084 220 243 170 901 085 235 233 134

206 460 166 757 097 060 907 546 356 452

592 890 790 890 193 675 563 600 931

422 357 345 373 374 307 230 142 95

170 220 955 410 214 065 954 937 794

948 810 755 766 706 543 389 218 130

422 670 835 480 979 610 609 663 137

348 543 258 500 962 33.7 915 555 595 208 732 551 713 972 719 466 569 775 734 606 900 810 824 447 653 267

637 548 552 618 660 597 524 389 364

959 082 424 539 654 407 696 368 277

1 1 1 1 1 1

740 441 344 332 261 014 788 514 415

703 673 032 442 483 521 071 830 508

4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1

469 645 448 618 620 983 426 693 470

287 002 182 553 787 372 375 642 962

1 1 1 1 1 1

370 158 142 262 321 136 978 715 643

887 599 253 064 480 084 420 471 537

3 2 2 2 2 1 1

098 486 305 356 299 847 447 978 827

400 403 929 489 307 288 955 171 425

1 1 1 1 1 1

379 202 189 257 265 087 904 631 552

833 485 423 786 621 463 251 951 640

191 889 210 916 536

025 627 838 902 402 36.0

21 20 19 4 3

543 750 719 794 994

883 123 157 436 413 35.5

61 60 56 14 12

939 166 892 391 195

360 823 791 375 138 35.4

21 21 20 5 4

874 353 044 566 794

729 995 956 764 992 35.4

40 38 36 8 7

064 812 847 824 400

631 828 835 611 146 35.4

19 18 17 5 4

543 885 800 206 441

195 263 669 237 926 36.3

17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

13 13 12 3 3

6 6 5 1 1

217 793 202 098 964 32.3 9 210 544 569 007 585 564 553 446 658 823 719 718 647 935 666 004 625 668 555 433

7 7 6 2 1

429 207 701 380 150

449 395 406 460 492 449 397 297 280

450 523 645 026 808 231 093 620 550

396 183 665 200 917

287 828 327 433 302 36.6

1 1 1 1

11 11 10 2 1 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

12 11 11 3 2

787 300 668 454 988

131 750 056 402 998 34.4 705 011 026 201 146 987 160 526 060 643 850 057 086 671 234 806 198 779 097 834 930 806 782 797 772 638 507 334 272

383 962 778 760 813 232 158 331 090

146 701 135 005 524

908 435 342 804 624 36.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

100.0 22.8 62.9 14.4

100.0 22.4 63.6 13.9

100.0 20.9 64.1 15.0

100.0 23.6 63.3 13.1

100.0 24.4 59.0 16.7

100.0 26.7 60.5 12.8

100.0 23.3 63.2 13.4

100.0 20.9 64.1 15.0

100.0 24.6 62.8 12.6

100.0 25.5 59.0 15.5

100.0 23.6 58.9 17.5

100.0 26.5 59.1 14.4

93.7 105.1 98.0 63.7

94.2 105.2 98.3 64.4

93.6 105.1 99.3 61.1

94.7 105.3 97.5 67.6

91.0 104.7 96.1 60.5

99.9 106.9 101.8 79.3

95.2 105.5 98.9 66.2

93.5 105.0 99.2 60.9

96.1 105.7 98.7 69.6

96.0 106.1 99.5 70.7

90.4 104.6 96.0 60.0

99.2 106.9 101.5 78.8

MALES PER 100 FEMALES All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

374

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

25

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 18.

Section Five: Census Data

Age and Sex of Black Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Total

Central place

Total

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

In central city

Total

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 years and 18 years and 21 years and 62 years and 65 years and Median age

over over over over over

Male Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

26 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

years and over years and over years and over years and over years and over Median age Female Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

over over over over over

years and years and years and years and years and Median age

444 23 533 536 17 308 291 445 2 222 461 1 641 764 964 2 082 272 1 526 284 741 1 998 642 1 461 149 376 2 028 406 1 492 239 074 2 033 018 1 484 070 307 2 174 305 1 556 750 500 2 149 007 1 533 196 406 1 865 322 1 324 496 224 1 509 087 1 064 258

1 230 985 1 029 086 896 366 827 743 735 330 537 139 397 608 241 092 189 058

1 130 943 815 746 656 472 343 204 158

817 052 692 626 441 009 478 428 473

18 17 16 2 2

665 789 318 590 100

12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

246 254 180 132 145 090 116 083 933 748

371 11 012 916 215 1 124 115 658 1 052 586 114 1 008 731 133 1 014 187 766 972 330 759 1 011 174 286 982 750 445 848 223 262 684 941

556 460 394 354 307 210 144 79 54

307 720 264 281 156 753 063 991 198

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

153 480 335 243 288 272 395 362 046 644

8 8 7 1

13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

10 9 9 1 1

809 696 624 593 531 386 282 169 130

070 748 550 527 203 491 821 336 339

607 16 849 037 12 400 479 409 16 067 908 11 827 900 630 14 770 879 10 869 486 606 2 275 963 1 852 758 227 1 834 829 1 500 190 28.0 28.2 28.4

510 423 360 321 275 185 124 67 45

278 7 634 881 402 7 240 219 141 6 604 032 932 887 539 161 698 802 26.4 26.6 907 073 12 520 620 226 230 1 098 346 155 306 1 029 686 111 627 989 911 143 243 1 014 219 181 308 1 060 688 278 548 1 163 131 279 214 1 166 257 112 961 1 017 099 895 962 824 146 674 568 502 473 428 326 253 161 134

678 366 102 462 174 386 545 101 860

202 769 021 585 304

329 007 489 674 066 29.4

9 8 8 1 1

620 520 455 425 380 286 219 136 113

127 026 339 618 759 280 001 821 166

214 827 166 388 136

156 689 847 424 027 29.6

245 697 988 493 167 948 555 811 826 829

2 619 257 253 245 259 239 221 213 181 135

908 984 692 099 970 056 002 493 084 137

3 832 305 335 357 370 306 312 319 290 231

321 246 191 153 125 85 60 35 28

747 304 142 099 238 518 657 092 134

100 86 80 81 78 65 54 36 30

168 034 674 117 889 130 130 664 585

174 149 136 133 127 103 83 52 41

767 657 838 511 131 593 872 978 237 012

1 233 130 128 123 130 118 105 100 85 63

455 100 072 383 946 436 585 536 222 321

1 923 154 169 182 197 167 169 167 149 117

359 305 270 251 221 150 101 55 37

525 531 057 426 107 574 837 690 194

151 117 90 69 54 35 22 11 8

165 495 296 582 575 155 640 917 113

45 37 33 33 31 25 19 12 8

617 694 911 273 474 024 586 384 891

86 71 62 59 55 43 34 20 14

2 095 321 1 988 206 1 814 419 172 494 132 400 26.7 3 229 478 287 040 274 150 264 982 261 036 274 355 322 683 328 833 291 589 238 817

828 780 693 117 97

6 6 6 1

545 217 493 101 096 917 984 646 145

860 575 079 137 933

1 206 282 1 006 300 871 289 799 042 704 538 509 664 372 955 223 160 173 423

2 762 338 18 2 612 236 17 2 397 071 15 489 232 2 408 324 1 28.9

2 995 293 281 272 275 274 294 286 249 206

449 391 354 342 310 235 180 113 93

781 925 383 876 715 276 662 546 125

1 816 570 1 721 501 1 547 751 314 643 265 398 26.2

149 458 748 220 056 737 302 772 986 929

5 539 560 5 252 013 4 789 613 715 045 566 402 26.6 9 291 142 811 306 755 536 724 929 753 183 786 333 840 448 837 424 725 510 585 329

616 25 122 054 17 169 430 457 2 351 019 1 627 388 145 2 217 213 1 513 618 849 2 137 122 1 448 658 117 2 182 708 1 479 898 879 2 169 646 1 470 666 458 2 312 495 1 543 808 224 2 288 309 1 520 457 360 1 988 940 1 313 749 838 1 607 949 1 055 834

4 448 558 4 240 008 3 901 393 423 205 334 639 27.9

8 017 830 770 736 739 697 716 695 598 478

690 026 353 008 682 729 477 607 307

463 020 297 004 796

6 225 580 555 537 536 548 617 615 540 444

170 128 100 83 70 50 38 23 20

397 183 109 393 359 24.3 1 386 453 127 884 125 620 121 716 129 024 120 620 115 417 112 957 95 862 71 816

007 166 772 456 983

548 454 386 345 297 201 136 74 50

54 48 46 47 47 40 34 24 21

551 340 763 844 415 106 544 280 694

88 78 73 73 71 59 49 31 26

647 669 728 912 929 330 185 878 731

919 887 873 713 788 29.8

2 353 237 2 251 802 2 086 974 250 711 202 239 28.9

988 941 854 197 168

173 318 642 250 039 27.9

1 382 224 1 311 984 1 213 077 283 808 239 053 30.2

9 9 8 1 1

657 552 484 453 407 307 236 148 123

478 287 441 930 514 742 201 283 109

775 362 657 492 222

721 221 776 212 849 29.6

624 631 595 464 810 980 687 852 191 115

4 864 434 453 464 475 409 395 393 347 268

006 883 896 468 785 307 270 415 826 113

2 203 216 212 207 218 201 184 178 151 113

157 312 842 673 152 204 801 594 903 006

2 660 218 241 256 257 208 210 214 195 155

849 571 054 795 633 103 469 821 923 107

403 314 250 209 176 125 92 54 43

044 347 913 268 997 826 109 914 881

199 172 161 162 158 130 108 70 56

484 711 460 577 507 751 315 478 760

83 71 67 68 67 56 46 31 26

031 462 529 524 342 050 770 579 383

116 101 93 94 91 74 61 38 30

453 249 931 053 165 701 545 899 377

5 704 117 5 431 187 4 987 016 615 754 493 727 28.0

3 420 409 3 235 005 2 943 278 623 792 524 811 27.4

1 526 861 1 446 382 1 301 950 269 913 228 124 26.2

1 893 548 1 788 623 1 641 328 353 879 296 687 28.5

7 952 823 764 729 733 691 710 689 594 474

393 073 387 918 116 344 275 924 042 951

3 876 366 356 349 364 358 377 368 319 260

475 058 594 551 931 580 782 154 590 930

2 341 219 229 234 244 208 197 192 169 129

283 364 284 939 216 702 703 532 419 779

1 031 109 107 104 109 99 88 83 71 52

990 251 360 351 450 166 208 808 162 730

1 309 110 121 130 134 109 109 108 98 77

293 113 924 588 766 536 495 724 257 049

356 303 268 249 219 149 101 55 36

842 401 256 954 662 669 206 390 983

191 150 118 95 77 52 35 19 13

962 612 592 158 362 253 548 487 331

93 77 70 69 65 52 41 25 18

637 963 071 133 918 777 786 782 278

37 30 27 27 26 21 16 10 7

421 888 725 631 671 353 670 507 638

56 47 42 41 39 31 25 15 10

216 075 346 502 247 424 116 275 640

1 611 577 1 516 235 1 366 488 246 522 204 541 25.8 2 522 723 215 519 224 612 229 529 231 569 200 605 197 567 200 883 178 407 138 334

691 650 578 99 82

122 429 628 592 839 24.2 1 171 167 107 061 105 482 103 322 108 702 102 038 96 593 94 786 80 741 60 276

920 865 787 146 121

455 806 860 930 702 27.2 1 351 556 108 458 119 130 126 207 122 867 98 567 100 974 106 097 97 666 78 058

847 748 389 444 589 974 529 696 482

45 40 39 40 40 34 30 21 18

610 574 804 893 671 697 100 072 745

60 54 51 52 51 43 36 23 19

237 174 585 551 918 277 429 624 737

835 795 723 170 145

739 953 322 321 285 28.0

973 922 853 206 174

093 817 468 949 985 30.0

804 013 848 112 024 922 754 877 314

1 380 114 8 231 815 1 300 252 7 804 419 1 183 994 7 114 647 205 424 963 834 169 271 760 891 27.7 26.7 1 908 836 13 293 186 151 177 1 161 888 165 538 1 096 232 175 555 1 057 653 172 987 1 084 661 139 019 1 119 722 143 457 1 224 438 151 900 1 230 231 140 754 1 075 308 114 440 872 068

582 809 846 517 663 363 017 175 021

238 953 376 774 541 838 846 246 542

536 12 303 419 640 11 735 453 423 10 785 407 046 1 840 292 740 1 490 013 28.2 28.4

780 11 828 868 280 1 189 131 607 1 120 981 294 1 079 469 130 1 098 047 860 1 049 924 001 1 088 057 324 1 058 078 606 913 632 398 735 881 134 256 655 964 786 946 477 668 394

803 691 620 589 527 383 280 168 129

7 952 723 703 688 702 698 768 767 675 552

5 495 958 5 210 659 4 752 192 710 686 562 910 26.6 9 217 037 804 315 749 231 718 740 746 782 779 322 833 533 830 533 719 707 580 883

6 6 6 1

2 735 857 2 593 760 2 362 455 253 148 197 981 26.9 4 076 149 357 573 347 001 338 913 337 879 340 400 390 905 399 698 355 601 291 185

446 388 352 339 307 234 179 112 92

396 552 120 820 879 169 640 856 559

211 163 132 114 99 73 56 35 30

082 735 321 110 635 573 561 427 550

105 94 91 93 92 77 66 44 38

807 524 033 129 927

461 794 215 606 103 29.9

2 968 260 2 837 427 2 624 561 362 606 295 746 29.1

1 808 832 1 718 770 1 576 790 377 270 320 270 29.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

100.0 32.0 60.0 8.0

100.0 31.7 60.5 7.8

100.0 31.7 59.7 8.7

100.0 31.9 62.7 5.4

100.0 34.3 55.6 10.1

100.0 31.8 57.5 10.7

100.0 31.7 60.4 7.9

100.0 31.6 59.7 8.7

100.0 31.7 62.1 6.2

100.0 33.5 55.7 10.8

100.0 34.3 55.3 10.4

100.0 32.8 56.1 11.2

88.1 102.1 85.3 61.1

88.0 102.2 85.0 61.5

86.3 101.8 83.0 60.7

92.8 103.1 90.5 65.5

89.0 101.8 88.3 57.9

100.8 104.5 105.4 70.8

89.0 102.4 86.5 62.2

86.3 101.8 83.0 60.7

95.1 103.6 94.3 66.9

92.8 102.6 93.8 63.9

88.1 101.7 87.2 57.0

96.9 103.4 99.5 69.5

MALES PER 100 FEMALES All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

26

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

375

Section Five: Census Data

Table 19.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex of American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years

1 100 108 103 96 97 103 108 102 88 73

534 746 971 336 954 382 033 627 933 922

768 70 67 63 66 74 78 74 64 54

135 710 930 172 009 456 169 590 656 311

468 45 42 38 40 47 48 45 38 31

915 663 420 243 124 474 909 325 394 458

299 25 25 24 25 26 29 29 26 22

220 047 510 929 885 982 260 265 262 853

332 38 36 33 31 28 29 28 24 19

399 036 041 164 945 926 864 037 277 611

858 93 95 91 82 62 67 68 61 52

700 204 475 664 562 167 544 041 249 232

1 002 91 91 86 87 91 97 94 83 70

984 959 469 472 839 315 157 803 441 994

465 45 42 38 39 46 48 44 38 31

364 300 147 026 838 951 421 885 083 217

537 46 49 48 48 44 48 49 45 39

620 659 322 446 001 364 736 918 358 777

956 109 107 101 92 74 78 75 66 55

250 991 977 528 677 234 420 865 741 160

270 31 29 27 26 24 24 22 19 15

174 942 630 035 230 180 395 641 508 488

686 78 78 74 66 50 54 53 47 39

076 049 347 493 447 054 025 224 233 672

55 41 32 26 22 15 10 6 4

112 997 784 912 423 304 890 372 836

40 30 23 19 15 10 6 3 2

805 864 757 198 560 249 922 906 871

23 17 13 11 9 6 4 2 1

240 613 770 511 576 441 362 508 884

17 13 9 7 5 3 2 1

565 251 987 687 984 808 560 398 987

14 11 9 7 6 5 3 2 1

307 133 027 714 863 055 968 466 965

41 34 29 24 20 13 10 5 4

705 717 035 477 287 966 262 744 369

54 41 32 25 21 13 9 5 3

218 407 084 917 030 900 567 495 917

23 17 13 11 9 6 4 2 1

018 479 693 493 583 437 357 539 897

31 23 18 14 11 7 5 2 2

200 928 391 424 447 463 210 956 020

42 35 29 25 21 15 11 6 5

599 307 735 472 680 370 585 621 288

11 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 1

188 655 020 115 348 022 151 977 649

31 26 22 19 16 11 8 4 3

411 652 715 357 332 348 434 644 639

773 736 671 75 59

302 173 657 449 825 26.8

554 529 484 50 39

253 472 516 577 508 27.7

335 320 292 31 24

439 706 409 414 771 27.1

218 208 192 19 14

814 766 107 163 737 28.7

219 206 187 24 20

049 701 141 872 317 24.7

560 526 482 68 54

796 094 541 948 628 25.3

716 682 625 68 53

518 630 696 928 909 27.7

332 318 290 31 24

781 089 090 455 813 27.1

383 364 335 37 29

737 541 606 473 096 28.3

617 579 528 75 60

580 637 502 469 544 24.4

176 166 150 19 16

575 579 307 730 147 24.2

441 413 378 55 44

005 058 195 739 397 24.6

538 55 52 48 50 52 53 49 42 35

646 327 698 740 117 987 776 654 557 173

376 35 34 31 33 38 39 36 31 25

795 981 351 844 752 501 066 300 096 848

228 23 21 19 20 24 24 22 18 14

777 102 358 222 406 105 526 165 584 872

148 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 12 10

018 879 993 622 346 396 540 135 512 976

161 19 18 16 16 14 14 13 11 9

851 346 347 896 365 486 710 354 461 325

428 47 48 47 42 32 33 33 30 26

540 301 490 007 941 056 698 090 037 021

495 46 46 43 45 47 48 46 40 34

301 934 371 919 476 444 699 212 306 137

227 22 21 19 20 23 24 21 18 14

002 954 206 123 238 822 297 968 431 761

268 23 25 24 25 23 24 24 21 19

299 980 165 796 238 622 402 244 875 376

471 55 54 51 47 37 38 36 32 27

885 694 817 828 582 599 775 532 288 057

131 16 15 13 13 12 12 10 9 7

217 174 028 755 396 061 006 715 139 360

340 39 39 38 34 25 26 25 23 19

668 520 789 073 186 538 769 817 149 697

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

26 19 15 12 9 6 4 2 1

235 867 369 422 774 231 021 159 539

19 14 11 8 6 4 2 1

480 693 192 954 816 207 540 270 904

10 8 6 5 4 2 1

956 178 393 267 104 594 561 797 587

8 6 4 3 2 1

524 515 799 687 712 613 979 473 317

6 5 4 3 2 2 1

755 174 177 468 958 024 481 889 635

20 17 13 11 9 6 4 2 1

758 021 985 770 524 269 439 398 735

26 19 15 12 9 5 3 1 1

244 960 360 296 349 846 628 858 262

10 8 6 5 4 2 1

841 102 355 262 100 595 555 807 585

15 11 9 7 5 3 2 1

403 858 005 034 249 251 073 051 677

20 16 13 11 9 6 4 2 2

749 928 994 896 949 654 832 699 012

5 3 3 2 2 1 1

272 975 209 735 324 613 172 734 549

15 12 10 9 7 5 3 1 1

477 953 785 161 625 041 660 965 463

years and over years and over years and over years and over years and over Median age Female Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years

372 353 320 30 23

649 705 476 833 724 25.9 561 888 53 419 51 273 47 596 47 837 50 395 54 257 52 973 46 376 38 749

268 255 232 20 15

530 915 624 790 737 26.8 391 340 34 729 33 579 31 328 32 257 35 955 39 103 38 290 33 560 28 463

161 153 139 12 9

530 964 594 590 643 26.2 240 138 22 561 21 062 19 021 19 718 23 369 24 383 23 160 19 810 16 586

107 101 93 8 6

000 951 030 200 094 27.7 151 202 12 168 12 517 12 307 12 539 12 586 14 720 15 130 13 750 11 877

104 97 87 10 7

119 790 852 043 987 23.4 170 548 18 690 17 694 16 268 15 580 14 440 15 154 14 683 12 816 10 286

276 258 235 31 24

626 606 930 240 365 24.5 430 160 45 903 46 985 44 657 39 621 30 111 33 846 34 951 31 212 26 211

349 332 302 28 21

606 141 383 943 943 26.8 507 683 45 025 45 098 42 553 42 363 43 871 48 458 48 591 43 135 36 857

160 152 138 12 9

189 632 442 599 642 26.2 238 362 22 346 20 941 18 903 19 600 23 129 24 124 22 917 19 652 16 456

189 179 163 16 12

417 509 941 344 301 27.3 269 321 22 679 24 157 23 650 22 763 20 742 24 334 25 674 23 483 20 401

299 280 254 33 26

669 170 023 130 146 23.4 484 365 54 297 53 160 49 700 45 095 36 635 39 645 39 333 34 453 28 103

83 78 70 8 6

690 580 338 004 392 23.0 138 957 15 768 14 602 13 280 12 834 12 119 12 389 11 926 10 369 8 128

215 201 183 25 19

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 years and 18 years and 21 years and 62 years and 65 years and Median age

over over over over over

Male Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 16 18 21 62 65

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

over over over over over

years and years and years and years and years and Median age

979 590 685 126 754 23.7 345 408 38 529 38 558 36 420 32 261 24 516 27 256 27 407 24 084 19 975

28 22 17 14 12 9 6 4 3

877 130 415 490 649 073 869 213 297

21 16 12 10 8 6 4 2 1

325 171 565 244 744 042 382 636 967

12 9 7 6 5 3 2 1 1

284 435 377 244 472 847 801 711 297

9 6 5 4 3 2 1

041 736 188 000 272 195 581 925 670

7 5 4 4 3 3 2 1 1

552 959 850 246 905 031 487 577 330

20 17 15 12 10 7 5 3 2

947 696 050 707 763 697 823 346 634

27 21 16 13 11 8 5 3 2

974 447 724 621 681 054 939 637 655

12 9 7 6 5 3 2 1 1

177 377 338 231 483 842 802 732 312

15 12 9 7 6 4 3 1 1

797 070 386 390 198 212 137 905 343

21 18 15 13 11 8 6 3 3

850 379 741 576 731 716 753 922 276

5 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 1

916 680 811 380 024 409 979 243 100

15 13 11 10 8 6 4 2 2

934 699 930 196 707 307 774 679 176

400 382 351 44 36

653 468 181 616 101 27.8

285 273 251 29 23

723 557 892 787 771 28.6

173 166 152 18 15

909 742 815 824 128 27.9

111 106 99 10 8

814 815 077 963 643 29.6

114 108 99 14 12

930 911 289 829 330 25.9

284 267 246 37 30

170 488 611 708 263 26.2

366 350 323 39 31

912 489 313 985 966 28.6

172 165 151 18 15

592 457 648 856 171 28.0

194 185 171 21 16

320 032 665 129 795 29.3

317 299 274 42 34

911 467 479 339 398 25.4

92 87 79 11 9

885 999 969 726 755 25.3

225 211 194 30 24

026 468 510 613 643 25.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

100.0 33.1 61.5 5.4

100.0 31.1 63.8 5.1

100.0 31.6 63.1 5.3

100.0 30.2 64.8 4.9

100.0 37.8 56.1 6.1

100.0 38.7 54.9 6.4

100.0 31.9 62.7 5.4

100.0 31.6 63.0 5.3

100.0 32.2 62.4 5.4

100.0 39.4 54.3 6.3

100.0 38.3 55.7 6.0

100.0 39.8 53.7 6.5

95.9 103.1 95.3 65.7

96.3 102.6 96.2 66.2

95.3 101.9 95.2 63.7

97.9 103.8 97.6 70.5

94.9 103.9 93.0 64.8

99.6 104.5 98.7 80.5

97.6 103.8 97.4 68.6

95.2 102.0 95.1 63.6

99.6 105.3 99.4 73.2

97.4 103.7 95.8 76.0

94.4 103.3 92.3 65.5

98.6 103.8 97.3 80.2

MALES PER 100 FEMALES All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

376

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

27

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 20.

Section Five: Census Data

Age and Sex of Asian or Pacific Islander Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 years and 18 years and 21 years and 62 years and 65 years and Median age

over over over over over

Male Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

years and over years and over years and over years and over years and over Median age Female Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

over over over over over

years and years and years and years and years and Median age

6 934 560 563 519 571 610 668 698 640 544

689 450 060 430 479 465 162 614 225 127

6 507 523 524 483 531 567 630 660 604 514

391 474 247 804 378 057 009 285 610 869

3 421 272 262 233 277 335 356 349 300 244

439 270 949 339 111 927 965 424 396 799

3 085 251 261 250 254 231 273 310 304 270

952 204 298 465 267 130 044 861 214 070

427 36 38 35 40 43 38 38 35 29

298 976 813 626 101 408 153 329 615 258

338 29 33 32 32 21 22 27 29 28

973 395 073 122 282 793 907 569 593 067

6 823 551 556 514 561 587 652 686 632 541

859 986 142 272 367 939 045 812 893 321

3 373 268 259 230 272 330 352 344 296 241

675 643 559 013 922 432 408 998 211 112

3 450 283 296 284 288 257 299 341 336 300

184 343 583 259 445 507 637 814 682 209

449 37 39 37 42 44 39 39 36 30

803 859 991 280 394 319 024 371 925 873

298 24 25 23 28 34 28 27 24 19

962 543 465 153 132 383 530 213 607 751

150 13 14 14 14 9 10 12 12 11

841 316 526 127 262 936 494 158 318 122

385 296 238 207 169 116 76 41 27

039 467 110 568 704 355 071 480 883

364 280 224 194 159 109 71 38 25

089 719 769 997 158 160 005 303 458

172 141 120 109 93 65 44 24 17

057 060 536 830 259 568 120 591 238

192 139 104 85 65 43 26 13 8

032 659 233 167 899 592 885 712 220

20 15 13 12 10 7 5 3 2

950 748 341 571 546 195 066 177 425

20 15 12 10 8 5 4 2 1

551 184 523 949 793 879 068 370 855

382 294 235 204 166 113 74 40 26

910 575 524 267 601 880 272 233 820

169 139 118 108 91 64 43 24 17

504 288 792 245 987 687 507 320 047

213 155 116 96 74 49 30 15 9

406 287 732 022 614 193 765 913 773

22 17 15 14 11 8 5 3 2

680 076 109 250 896 354 867 617 918

14 10 9 8 7 5 3 2 1

327 584 183 764 398 237 643 201 848

8 6 5 5 4 3 2 1 1

353 492 926 486 498 117 224 416 070

5 186 019 4 966 898 4 590 620 551 889 431 493 29.8

4 877 238 4 672 426 4 324 886 516 054 403 084 30.0

2 604 913 2 504 058 2 304 861 308 792 244 776 29.6

2 272 325 2 168 368 2 020 025 207 262 158 308 30.3

308 294 265 35 28

781 472 734 835 409 27.4

237 223 207 29 22

450 377 057 450 965 29.6

3 401 286 285 265 295 314 331 338 304 255

739 826 770 302 943 532 992 041 548 520

3 193 268 266 247 275 291 313 320 288 242

650 121 198 199 469 049 235 204 431 293

1 694 139 133 119 144 174 181 174 147 116

582 450 979 625 018 545 926 765 335 611

1 499 128 132 127 131 116 131 145 141 125

068 671 219 574 451 504 309 439 096 682

208 18 19 18 20 23 18 17 16 13

089 705 572 103 474 483 757 837 117 227

156 14 16 15 16 11 10 11 11 11

186 145 108 89 75 51 34 19 11

448 268 729 756 504 468 617 977 498

176 137 103 84 70 48 31 18 10

711 898 090 451 690 124 994 138 355

82 67 54 47 41 29 20 11 6

671 717 872 562 719 091 025 695 976

94 70 48 36 28 19 11 6 3

040 181 218 889 971 033 969 443 379

9 7 5 5 4 3 2 1 1

737 370 639 305 814 344 623 839 143

8 6 4 4 4 2 2 1

1 276 402 1 223 606 1 120 709 137 148 109 506 28.7 1 726 857 132 820 128 970 113 714 133 093 161 382 175 039 174 659 153 061 128 188

1 084 412 1 030 884 953 933 90 850 69 795 29.3 1 586 884 122 533 129 079 122 891 122 816 114 626 141 735 165 422 163 118 144 388

148 140 125 16 13

142 947 813 950 763 25.9 219 209 18 271 19 241 17 523 19 627 19 925 19 396 20 492 19 498 16 031

106 99 90 14 11

89 73 65 62 51 36 24 12 10

97 69 56 48 36 24 14 7 4

992 478 015 278 928 559 916 269 841

11 8 7 7 5 3 2 1 1

213 378 702 266 732 851 443 338 282

11 8 7 6 4 3 1

593 367 743 566 779 047 884 918 954

160 153 139 18 14

639 525 921 885 646 28.9

131 124 116 15 11

057 040 322 372 582 31.5

2 636 234 2 531 353 2 355 989 300 656 233 237 30.8

2 508 956 2 395 437 2 200 455 244 948 193 064 28.8 3 532 950 273 624 277 290 254 128 275 536 295 933 336 170 360 573 335 677 288 607 198 151 129 117 94 64 41 21 16

591 199 381 812 200 887 454 503 385

2 360 814 2 254 490 2 074 642 227 998 179 301 29.0 3 313 741 255 353 258 049 236 605 255 909 276 008 316 774 340 081 316 179 272 576 187 142 121 110 88 61 39 20 15

378 821 679 546 468 036 011 165 103

386 343 664 268 540 477 095 896 262

5 096 446 4 878 883 4 515 660 540 210 421 806 29.9

2 568 108 2 468 576 2 272 884 304 658 241 548 29.6

2 528 338 2 410 307 2 242 776 235 552 180 258 30.2

327 311 282 41 32

023 392 017 129 652 27.9

221 211 189 25 20

167 732 709 523 327 27.3

105 99 92 15 12

856 660 308 606 325 29.4

299 520 063 823 474 450 636 766 974 272

3 341 282 281 262 290 301 323 331 300 253

360 386 888 336 585 635 282 525 214 449

1 670 137 132 117 141 171 179 172 145 114

871 594 246 895 721 450 515 656 407 910

1 670 144 149 144 148 130 143 158 154 138

489 792 642 441 864 185 767 869 807 539

216 18 19 18 21 24 19 18 16 13

678 960 945 789 832 347 346 282 308 343

147 12 12 11 14 19 14 12 11 9

402 388 772 816 484 126 504 994 277 102

69 6 7 6 7 5 4 5 5 4

276 572 173 973 348 221 842 288 031 241

958 817 780 383 014 832 184 452 901

185 144 107 88 74 50 33 19 11

324 477 469 221 014 385 731 363 076

81 66 54 46 41 28 19 11 6

480 929 126 900 197 692 736 537 880

103 77 53 41 32 21 13 7 4

844 548 343 321 817 693 995 826 196

10 7 6 5 5 3 3 2 1

082 608 040 918 504 915 070 066 323

6 4 3 3 3 2 1 1

654 961 927 728 402 413 849 190 815

3 2 2 2 2 1 1

428 647 113 190 102 502 221 876 508

1 201 856 1 141 256 1 054 368 104 244 80 527 29.1 1 779 695 138 551 146 941 139 818 139 581 127 322 155 870 182 945 181 875 161 670

155 147 131 19 15

137 244 519 472 878 26.1 233 125 18 899 20 046 18 491 20 562 19 972 19 678 21 089 20 617 17 530

108 103 91 11 9

105 344 598 902 669 26.0 151 560 12 155 12 693 11 337 13 648 15 257 14 026 14 219 13 330 10 649

47 43 39 7 6

393 337 735 078 383 26.8 182 674 14 875 17 010 16 299 15 808 10 343 12 271 15 803 17 619 16 795

2 460 212 2 347 530 2 159 671 239 554 188 569 28.9 3 482 499 269 600 274 254 251 936 270 782 286 304 328 763 355 287 332 679 287 872 197 150 128 116 92 63 40 20 15

586 098 055 046 587 495 541 870 744

1 258 356 1 206 274 1 105 303 135 310 108 042 28.7 1 702 804 131 049 127 313 112 118 131 201 158 982 172 893 172 342 150 804 126 202 88 72 64 61 50 35 23 12 10

024 359 666 345 790 995 771 783 167

109 77 63 54 41 27 16 8 5

032 900 921 570 209 26.4 81 565 6 744 7 353 7 154 6 914 4 715 5 652 6 870 7 287 6 881

562 739 389 701 797 500 770 087 577

12 9 9 8 6 4 2 1 1

598 468 069 332 392 439 797 551 595

7 5 5 5 3 2 1 1 1

673 623 256 036 996 824 794 011 033

4 3 3 3 2 1 1

925 845 813 296 396 615 003 540 562

1 309 752 1 262 302 1 167 581 169 348 133 506 30.4

1 326 482 1 269 051 1 188 408 131 308 99 731 31.1

171 164 150 21 16

886 148 498 657 774 29.7

113 108 98 13 10

062 388 111 621 658 28.8

58 55 52 8 6

824 760 387 036 116 31.7

2 677 063 2 571 461 2 390 165 306 941 238 429 30.7

2 516 424 2 417 936 2 250 244 288 056 223 783 30.8

1 328 511 1 280 452 1 184 152 171 644 135 270 30.5

1 187 913 1 137 484 1 066 092 116 412 88 513 31.1

100.0 28.4 65.4 6.2

100.0 28.2 65.6 6.2

100.0 26.8 66.0 7.2

100.0 29.7 65.1 5.1

100.0 31.1 62.3 6.6

100.0 34.1 59.1 6.8

100.0 28.5 65.3 6.2

100.0 26.8 66.0 7.2

100.0 30.1 64.6 5.2

100.0 30.8 62.0 7.3

100.0 29.2 64.0 6.8

100.0 33.9 57.9 8.2

96.3 104.7 94.4 81.0

96.4 104.8 94.6 80.1

98.1 105.5 97.3 81.0

94.5 104.2 91.6 78.9

94.9 102.2 91.6 94.0

85.6 97.1 78.2 98.3

95.9 104.5 93.9 80.8

98.1 105.5 97.3 80.9

93.9 103.6 90.7 80.7

92.9 100.7 89.1 94.7

97.3 102.1 95.9 90.7

84.9 98.3 75.9 101.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

MALES PER 100 FEMALES All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

28

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

377

Section Five: Census Data

Table 21.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex of Hispanic Origin Persons: 1990

[Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 years and 18 years and 21 years and 62 years and 65 years and Median age

over over over over over

Male Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

20 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1

14 13 12 1 1

years and over years and over years and over years and over years and over Median age Female Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

over over over over over

years and years and years and years and years and Median age

228 18 355 980 11 671 728 384 1 944 974 1 252 586 993 1 751 293 1 122 842 973 1 592 280 1 013 952 617 1 660 943 1 060 662 098 1 935 550 1 244 417 986 1 972 541 1 249 844 729 1 717 760 1 078 207 305 1 372 691 857 412 835 1 060 502 659 602

869 690 583 505 399 263 196 120 87

172 244 492 953 066 496 056 303 526

108 397 158 358 066

422 329 273 230 176 108 75 44 30

864 389 327 265 505 556 297 461 413

7 121 825 6 751 125 6 085 365 567 125 435 232 24.9 10 080 250 1 069 335 972 397 881 871 885 658 974 336 1 016 422 913 579 750 021 592 400 446 360 310 275 222 154 120 75 57

789 626 527 455 356 234 174 106 77

352 529 044 275 238 947 179 445 437

093 12 758 448 222 12 126 479 025 11 015 645 750 1 211 932 447 949 246 25.5 25.7

10 345 978 1 114 049 1 010 596 921 102 979 959 1 159 762 1 147 564 977 150 766 284 578 435

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 18 21 62 65

426 183 982 802 865 134 163 890 516 170

308 855 165 688 561 940 759 842 113

488 390 334 292 232 154 116 70 51

813 883 368 314 160 417 608 879 762

6 684 692 628 578 600 691 722 639 515 400

252 388 451 328 281 133 697 553 279 900

2 070 238 231 210 204 198 191 172 143 110

248 410 700 693 674 548 445 969 614 333

1 927 204 210 198 188 170 177 171 144 113

300 235 192 162 124 80 57 35 25

539 646 676 961 078 530 571 566 675

79 63 56 50 42 28 21 13 10

820 715 448 678 828 549 877 858 089

84 65 55 47 37 23 17 10 7

4 671 959 4 441 416 4 045 824 416 882 323 420 26.0

1 349 645 1 270 743 1 142 380 146 818 117 201 23.7

1 275 935 13 1 199 337 13 1 090 069 12 122 326 1 94 836 1 24.8

090 577 510 540 667 241 128 735 553 265

5 881 639 571 517 554 669 660 555 431 324

696 071 587 730 297 083 436 383 992 376

3 401 353 320 295 318 381 383 330 259 197

394 506 923 810 370 158 692 352 561 889

1 062 121 118 107 107 109 103 91 74 56

888 472 086 562 292 521 436 415 731 170

1 042 104 108 102 103 101 102 97 79 61

382 298 246 206 156 95 66 38 26

804 168 395 543 738 903 170 697 456

236 184 154 130 101 62 44 25 17

115 315 892 906 297 499 227 730 760

146 113 91 75 55 33 21 12 8

689 853 503 637 441 404 943 967 696

40 31 26 23 19 12 9 5 3

060 221 932 722 767 653 127 764 957

45 34 29 24 19 11 8 4 3

2 373 331 2 252 265 2 035 827 175 395 132 451 25.4 3 282 858 338 882 307 528 282 518 281 911 309 975 339 005 309 201 255 718 203 011

695 654 585 65 51

534 386 420 051 268 23.5 1 007 360 116 938 113 614 103 131 97 382 89 027 88 009 81 554 68 883 54 163

707 665 602 60 46

406 328 280 248 199 139 108 67 50

548 361 649 732 500 044 009 748 981

738 745 816 689 191 276 209 122 038

8 086 489 7 685 063 6 969 821 795 050 625 826 25.5

9 283 992 892 813 872 1 050 1 044 885 691 522

6 426 291 6 096 739 5 499 945 502 074 383 964 25.1 9 072 890 952 397 858 783 778 740 788 276 885 309 928 413 832 025 681 138 538 237

831 20 204 818 11 514 252 140 2 151 256 1 234 008 859 1 957 848 1 106 164 644 1 783 276 999 692 340 1 843 538 1 046 166 343 2 108 758 1 226 664 253 2 147 563 1 232 167 574 1 882 838 1 063 230 421 1 510 316 845 931 433 1 165 921 651 505

4 052 960 3 844 474 3 464 118 326 679 251 513 24.9 5 790 032 613 515 551 255 496 222 506 365 575 334 589 408 522 824 425 420 335 226 252 206 179 161 130 91 72 45 34

698 568 476 408 863 918 381 149 002

153 121 101 87 68 47 35 22 16

866 685 576 496 388 254 188 114 83

371 029 109 748 641 220 280 726 380

966 262 041 315 029

896 443 695 737 247 25.6

081 10 265 924 145 1 098 170 137 998 442 281 911 689 934 971 855 738 1 150 803 794 1 142 208 307 976 111 877 765 519 733 578 321 393 830 044 691 073 249 058 713 084

522 770 439 395 177 25.0 885 750 99 995 102 722 96 363 84 406 68 605 74 459 74 267 64 544 51 700

423 328 271 227 172 104 72 42 28

467 696 600 321 993 961 498 328 942

7 080 578 6 712 075 6 052 939 551 668 421 722 25.0 9 938 894 1 053 086 959 406 871 587 871 683 957 955 1 005 355 906 727 744 797 587 600

850 793 173 324 637 126 628 599 979

39 32 29 26 23 15 12 8 6

760 494 516 956 061 896 750 094 132

39 30 26 22 18 12 9 5 3

345 915 772 998 118 027 151 409 954

442 356 304 269 215 149 115 72 54

904 333 509 427 648 259 782 398 438

654 616 556 81 65

111 357 960 767 933 24.0

568 533 487 61 48

413 567 630 931 659 24.3

6 886 318 6 550 368 5 988 756 764 069 607 525 26.2

482 386 330 289 229 152 115 70 51

999 694 818 085 461 762 406 214 286

8 690 917 851 783 797 882 915 819 664 514

566 248 684 584 372 094 396 608 385 416

2 149 236 236 218 210 195 193 179 150 118

241 268 004 341 419 683 676 465 410 347

1 244 139 136 125 122 118 112 101 85 66

669 711 208 121 822 009 369 955 728 934

904 96 99 93 87 77 81 77 64 51

572 557 796 220 597 674 307 510 682 413

383 298 245 207 159 101 72 44 32

372 335 291 663 180 458 874 512 094

87 70 63 56 47 32 24 15 11

539 960 199 894 616 552 985 699 184

48 39 35 32 28 19 15 9 7

504 664 884 520 062 438 067 650 023

39 31 27 24 19 13 9 6 4

035 296 315 374 554 114 918 049 161

7 981 175 7 585 140 6 879 882 786 446 619 129 25.5

5 985 721 5 677 303 5 161 813 529 291 410 118 25.6

1 417 132 1 334 116 1 206 399 165 339 132 036 24.4

819 772 695 98 79

924 820 160 446 240 24.1

597 561 511 66 52

208 296 239 893 796 24.8

5 798 629 563 510 546 658 650 547 425 320

996 737 098 401 425 728 577 225 961 201

4 466 468 435 401 425 492 491 428 339 258

928 433 344 288 430 075 631 886 558 120

1 122 120 120 111 112 110 108 98 80 61

135 024 291 694 038 697 150 346 642 847

634 70 69 63 63 64 60 54 44 33

670 832 348 691 807 397 693 090 562 952

487 49 50 48 48 46 47 44 36 27

465 192 943 003 231 300 457 256 080 895

233 182 153 129 100 61 43 25 17

072 322 146 450 112 788 742 454 557

190 146 118 97 72 43 28 16 11

395 374 454 871 881 173 756 874 385

44 35 30 27 22 14 10 6 4

790 523 771 635 585 844 857 846 555

24 19 16 15 12 8 6 3 2

019 088 847 137 809 523 195 956 724

20 16 13 12 9 6 4 2 1

771 435 924 498 776 321 662 890 831

3 083 803 2 920 888 2 636 531 228 722 173 069 25.1 4 223 638 448 815 416 340 382 296 371 942 390 019 423 765 390 722 324 827 256 296

748 704 634 75 59

769 820 865 852 687 24.4 1 027 106 116 244 115 713 106 647 98 381 84 986 85 526 81 119 69 768 56 500

418 394 353 43 34

789 326 255 095 207 23.8 609 999 68 879 66 860 61 430 59 015 53 612 51 676 47 865 41 166 32 982

329 310 281 32 25

3 996 775 3 791 187 3 416 408 322 946 248 653 24.9 5 715 256 604 271 543 066 489 291 499 741 567 936 581 590 516 005 419 970 331 304 249 204 177 159 129 90 71 44 33

927 372 672 635 349 974 664 760 729

192 151 126 109 86 58 44 27 20

980 494 610 757 480 25.1 417 107 47 365 48 853 45 217 39 366 31 374 33 850 33 254 28 602 23 518

977 961 837 792 299 285 118 638 709

42 35 32 29 25 17 14 8 6

749 437 428 259 031 708 128 853 629

24 20 19 17 15 10 8 5 4

485 576 037 383 253 915 872 694 299

18 14 13 11 9 6 5 3 2

264 861 391 876 778 793 256 159 330

3 984 400 3 793 953 3 463 474 463 500 370 476 26.2

2 901 918 2 756 415 2 525 282 300 569 237 049 26.2

668 629 571 89 72

363 296 534 487 349 24.5

401 378 341 55 45

135 494 905 351 033 24.5

267 250 229 34 27

228 802 629 136 316 24.4

6 986 268 6 646 097 6 072 660 791 625 631 215 26.2

6 332 157 6 029 740 5 515 700 709 858 565 282 26.4

4 033 529 3 840 589 3 505 703 468 371 374 313 26.2

2 298 628 2 189 151 2 009 997 241 487 190 969 26.7

100.0 34.4 60.4 5.2

100.0 33.9 60.9 5.2

100.0 34.2 60.5 5.4

100.0 33.6 61.6 4.8

100.0 38.6 55.7 5.7

100.0 37.8 57.3 4.9

100.0 34.4 60.5 5.1

100.0 34.1 60.5 5.4

100.0 34.7 60.6 4.7

100.0 37.9 55.9 6.1

100.0 37.9 55.7 6.4

100.0 37.9 56.2 5.8

102.6 104.7 105.0 69.0

102.3 104.7 104.5 67.9

101.6 104.5 103.7 67.2

103.6 105.1 106.1 69.4

105.5 104.5 109.6 77.8

117.6 106.9 127.8 94.9

103.3 104.9 105.8 69.4

101.5 104.5 103.5 67.1

105.8 105.4 109.1 73.0

109.3 104.9 115.8 82.5

104.0 103.8 108.0 76.0

116.9 106.4 127.5 93.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

MALES PER 100 FEMALES All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

378

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

29

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 22.

Section Five: Census Data

Age and Sex of White, Not of Hispanic Origin Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Total

Total

Central place

Outside urbanized area

Urban fringe

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

AGE All persons Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years

133 8 8 7 8 10 11 11 10 9

375 750 387 690 447 344 660 817 731 640

398 234 897 260 277 616 067 750 482 105

109 7 6 6 6 8 9 9 9 8

975 178 775 179 737 484 889 988 020 120

510 041 200 497 619 512 470 502 641 325

46 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3

619 892 604 299 805 169 507 287 742 230

577 737 769 171 127 561 464 439 471 153

63 4 4 3 3 4 5 5 5 4

355 285 170 880 932 314 382 701 278 890

933 304 431 326 492 951 006 063 170 172

23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

888 193 697 763 658 104 597 248 841 780

54 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4

752 738 142 165 897 093 840 502 496 180

898 485 194 843 424 308 082 281 919 365

140 9 9 8 8 10 12 12 11 10

496 339 092 440 907 313 116 620 635 556

200 311 571 516 005 508 869 248 656 404

45 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3

957 840 560 262 762 097 438 223 692 187

707 667 077 089 232 174 377 632 817 912

94 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 7 7

538 498 532 178 144 216 678 396 942 368

493 644 494 427 773 334 492 616 839 492

47 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

632 149 437 415 437 124 383 699 592 264

096 408 520 587 696 416 280 783 745 066

45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 16 years and over 18 years and over 21 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

7 6 5 6 6 5 3 2 2 107 104 97 23 19

573 185 934 256 212 061 952 616 113 057 044 920 747 956

044 595 354 677 115 148 710 956 111 488 881 728 989 040

6 5 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 88 86 81 19 15

371 170 936 161 074 072 134 049 630 642 206 370 081 961

553 581 160 905 706 321 854 201 422 194 402 503 299 504

2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1

954 617 747 461 989 220 996 222 479 849 926 277 452 906

3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1

599 964 413 444 717 101 858 979 943 345 476 226 847 598

1 201 491 1 015 014 998 194 1 094 772 1 137 409 988 827 817 856 567 755 482 689 18 415 294 17 838 479 16 550 225 4 666 690 3 994 536

918 909 981 410 677 340 503 620 639 793 104 274 684 779

8 6 6 6 6 5 3 2 1 111 108 102 23 19

357 736 325 494 295 012 826 476 949 982 673 581 477 560

311 537 337 648 230 916 895 173 065 833 875 810 355 279

37 36 34 8 7

444 021 975 145 185 817 469 003 828 859 968 672 608 304

796 790 683 559 583 678 788 192 661 553 310 559 900 902

5 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 74 71 67 14 12

912 714 349 349 109 195 357 472 120 123 705 909 868 255

515 747 654 089 647 238 107 981 404 280 565 251 455 377

2 2 2 2 2 1 1

41 40 38 8 7

482 877 641 598 397 867 381 841 606 892 276 150 656 094

2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1

50 48 46 10 8

896 125 938 991 859 230 647 035 794 261 729 228 368 568

3 2 2 2 2 1 1

38 37 35 8 7

474 044 997 170 214 842 486 013 835 380 476 142 712 392

36 35 33 8 7

698 326 250 360 314 915 507 982 770 967 647 489 927 490

651 967 998 439 562 572 318 403 685 448 110 192 318 540

64 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 4

323 491 300 940 275 205 876 932 360 770

348 194 343 382 196 244 711 426 149 964 418

53 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 4 4

202 686 474 167 417 264 992 027 513 017

349 903 194 435 952 144 510 605 868 017 838

22 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

443 484 335 177 404 092 303 190 905 617

347 986 805 585 835 663 226 604 379 037 897

30 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

758 201 138 990 012 172 689 837 607 399

350 917 389 850 117 481 284 001 489 980 941

11 120 805 825 772 858 941 883 904 847 752

345 291 149 947 244 100 201 821 281 947 580

27 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2

333 921 136 155 042 592 907 237 264 118

350 397 180 497 775 204 264 632 672 510 840

68 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 5 5

356 795 668 335 546 199 090 326 817 245

348 936 968 535 337 082 628 034 592 700 306

22 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

111 457 312 158 382 054 266 156 879 595

347 733 955 557 724 958 439 790 775 554 885

46 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3

245 338 355 176 163 145 823 169 938 649

348 203 013 978 613 124 189 244 817 146 421

23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

299 616 768 760 771 598 694 843 807 643

3 2 2 2 2 2 1

711 990 829 888 733 111 496 861 547

899 499 950 262 742 349 019 560 081

3 2 2 2 2 1 1

126 504 366 395 242 709 194 677 424

325 997 690 554 274 398 190 509 403

1 216 984 945 990 958 752 548 323 211

159 953 713 617 355 675 269 562 652

1 1 1 1 1

910 520 420 404 283 956 645 353 212

166 044 977 937 919 723 921 947 751

585 485 463 492 491 401 301 184 122

574 502 260 708 468 951 829 051 678

1 1 1 1 1

767 456 315 281 148 861 600 330 194

366 366 739 852 959 520 109 810 102

4 3 3 3 2 2 1

134 300 063 048 816 132 482 835 518

411 233 240 071 677 375 979 453 315

1 200 973 935 979 945 741 540 319 209

999 871 131 426 148 605 889 594 433

2 2 2 2 1 1

933 326 128 068 871 390 942 515 308

412 362 109 645 529 770 090 859 882

1 1 1 1 1

50 49 46 9 7

829 291 223 484 749

272 074 623 079 751

42 41 38 7 6

259 015 585 680 247

604 496 960 635 774

18 17 16 3 2

219 759 607 390 794

807 121 710 093 513

24 23 21 4 3

039 256 978 290 453

797 375 250 542 261

569 275 637 803 501

668 578 663 444 977

20 19 18 3 3

696 853 732 906 135

457 523 788 621 500

53 52 48 9 7

714 016 932 607 785

229 812 340 291 799

17 17 16 3 2

960 506 373 345 756

079 026 899 291 669

35 34 32 6 5

754 510 558 262 029

150 786 441 000 130

69 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 4

052 258 087 750 172 138 783 885 370 869

334 204 891 515 064 033 905 641 601 518 687

56 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

772 491 300 011 320 220 896 960 507 102

335 607 847 765 545 475 002 865 634 624 487

24 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

175 407 269 121 400 077 203 097 837 612

332 591 932 184 336 464 335 860 060 434 256

32 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

597 083 031 890 920 142 693 863 670 490

338 016 915 581 209 011 667 005 574 190 231

12 279 767 786 738 851 918 886 924 862 767

326 597 044 750 519 558 903 776 967 894 200

27 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

419 817 005 010 855 501 932 264 232 061

343 501 305 697 068 220 044 450 609 409 525

72 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 5 5

139 543 424 105 360 113 026 293 817 311

335 264 343 036 179 923 880 835 656 956 098

23 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

845 382 247 103 379 042 171 066 813 592

332 974 712 520 365 274 735 587 857 263 027

48 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3

293 160 176 001 981 071 855 226 004 719

337 290 631 516 814 649 145 248 799 693 071

Male Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 69 years to 74 years to 79 years to 84 years years and over

16 years and 18 years and 21 years and 62 years and 65 years and Median age

over over over over over

Female Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 16 years and over 18 years and over 21 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

8 8 7 1 1

399 572 612 510 709 860 770 829 710 519

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 1 1

16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

871 093 127 065 256 413 253 271 197 062

318 504 799 237 125 507 681 634 343 210

30 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

760 055 309 350 181 710 129 428 395 201

778 904 721 350 571 909 599 149 402 856

692 008 321 695 509 136 664 801 452 407 484 423 413 562

1 1 1 1 1 1

13 12 11 3 3

843 729 730 812 848 743 617 433 371 380 971 985 514 014

854 597 520 547 466 172 889 548 399 587 675 503 412 475

959 959 677 744 053 436 654 602 233 041 626 769 905 978

352 655 555 344 634 366 347 024 229 774 952

7 994 559 577 544 628 720 632 630 594 525

348 807 864 381 478 034 414 117 662 047 391

304 056 190 216 143 877 061 212 213 118

354 848 691 963 156 332 933 907 567 727 561

344 146 082 122 066 840 613 356 222

854 632 449 043 024 494 149 917 868

408 346 335 363 365 301 226 140 93

693 022 605 821 854 376 787 278 983

936 800 746 758 700 539 386 216 128

161 610 844 222 170 118 362 639 885

17 17 16 3 3

811 127 024 783 099

500 785 071 409 452

6 6 5 1 1

208 000 514 351 128

745 370 199 707 278

11 11 10 2 1

602 127 509 431 971

755 415 872 702 174

24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

332 532 669 654 666 526 689 856 784 620

339 441 853 176 953 330 069 256 554 971 114

8 876 533 550 520 628 693 621 640 603 536

326 511 640 418 759 091 093 564 972 296 819

15 455 999 1 118 1 134 1 038 832 1 067 1 215 1 181 1 083

346 930 213 758 194 239 976 692 582 675 295

1 1 1 1 1 1

23 22 21 5 4 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 861 145 3 195 096 3 104 404 3 368 415 3 478 373 2 949 799 2 456 691 1 755 396 1 566 030 56 228 216 54 753 807 51 697 105 14 263 910 1 220 628.9 36.3

3 245 228 2 665 584 2 569 470 2 766 351 2 832 432 2 362 923 1 940 664 1 371 692 1 206 019 46 382 590 45 190 906 42 784 543 11 400 664 971 373.0 36.2

258 795 059 664 052 034 179 844 256 634 089 545 938 727 689 660 623 827 20 161 042 19 717 805 18 534 567 5 322 359 459 839.3 36.3

986 433 605 920 517 436 586 507 575 798 273 378 001 937 682 032 582 192 26 221 548 25 473 101 24 249 976 6 078 305 511 533.7 36.2

615 917 529 512 534 934 602 064 645 941 586 876 516 027 383 704 360 011 9 845 626 9 562 901 8 912 562 2 863 246 249 255.9 36.5

715 552 421 543 326 242 316 558 248 718 005 820 781 394 510 810 412 537 21 196 336 20 422 581 19 417 486 4 750 063 395 927.9 35.7

4 222 900 3 436 304 3 262 097 3 446 577 3 478 553 2 880 541 2 343 916 1 640 720 1 430 750 58 268 604 56 657 063 53 649 470 13 870 064 1 177 448.0 36.0

243 797 047 919 040 552 166 133 240 435 076 073 928 899 683 598 619 228 19 899 474 19 462 284 18 298 660 5 263 609 454 823.3 36.3

979 103 388 385 221 545 280 444 238 118 804 468 415 017 957 122 811 522 38 369 130 37 194 779 35 350 810 8 606 455 722 624.7 35.8

353 797 180 335 168 549 238 396 248 538 075 078 894 169 625 486 547 817 19 155 948 18 519 325 17 465 121 5 143 909 439 108.8 36.5

434 999 382 986 394 716 448 874 482 655 441 760 390 877 293 523 277 469 7 171 662 6 971 114 6 471 224 2 162 706 188 628.4 37.0

918 798 797 349 773 833 789 522 765 883 633 318 503 292 331 963 270 348 11 984 286 11 548 211 10 993 897 2 981 203 250 480.4 36.3

100.0 22.0 63.0 15.0

100.0 21.6 63.9 14.5

100.0 19.6 64.5 15.9

100.0 23.1 63.4 13.5

100.0 23.8 59.2 17.1

100.0 26.4 60.6 13.0

100.0 22.6 63.4 13.9

100.0 19.6 64.5 15.9

100.0 24.2 62.9 13.0

100.0 25.2 59.1 15.7

100.0 23.1 59.0 17.9

100.0 26.3 59.2 14.6

93.2 105.1 97.6 63.5

93.7 105.2 98.0 64.3

92.8 105.1 99.0 60.8

94.4 105.3 97.3 67.5

90.6 104.7 95.8 60.3

99.7 106.9 101.5 79.2

94.8 105.5 98.5 66.1

92.7 105.1 98.9 60.6

95.8 105.7 98.4 69.6

95.8 106.2 99.3 70.6

90.1 104.7 95.8 59.8

99.0 106.9 101.2 78.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

MALES PER 100 FEMALES All persons Under 18 years 18 to 64 years 65 years and over

30

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

379

Section Five: Census Data

Table 23.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total All persons Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Female Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

1 959 201 36 43 42 40 40 199 40 39 40 38 40 188 40 37 37 37 35 180 35 35 35 35 37 165 35 33 175 170 150 126 96 76 61 51 42 29 21 12 9

1 878 191 34 40 39 38 38 190 38 37 39 36 38 180 38 36 35 35 34 173 34 34 34 34 35 157 33 31 167 163 144 121 93 74 59 49 41 28 20 11 8

285 566 225 743 989 487 122 532 742 570 031 719 470 689 426 249 947 713 354 472 417 422 576 475 582 990 567 947 437 502 342 704 430 153 441 601 197 376 360 668 825

Eskimo 57 7 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 1 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1

Aleut

Total

152 925 429 796 651 564 485 542 438 386 353 158 207 270 135 126 054 948 007 056 964 057 969 958 108 371 095 028 680 891 901 847 243 667 601 249 048 656 594 332 279

23 797 2 459 435 538 517 468 501 2 372 477 498 491 418 488 2 041 456 413 419 386 367 1 988 359 407 400 365 457 2 188 462 426 2 460 2 275 1 939 1 603 1 144 894 777 539 465 238 198 116 101

7 273 589 93 130 126 120 119 596 121 119 119 116 119 551 117 109 108 109 107 603 112 115 117 125 132 632 134 129 691 726 669 572 405 311 250 218 178 122 80 43 29

662 845 460 536 175 256 418 133 788 463 740 064 078 552 357 049 190 012 944 761 663 477 717 310 594 258 694 179 069 183 818 194 590 651 633 517 497 234 139 850 738

Total 6 908 551 86 122 118 112 111 557 114 111 111 108 111 516 109 101 101 102 101 569 106 108 111 118 124 596 126 121 654 693 642 550 388 298 240 210 172 118 77 42 28

638 148 647 242 189 558 512 657 018 555 885 553 646 333 734 996 123 140 340 378 113 879 262 301 823 283 859 964 163 240 269 098 908 961 276 201 517 302 647 529 728

Chinese 1 645 110 16 26 23 21 21 103 21 21 20 19 20 104 21 20 20 21 20 121 21 22 23 25 28 137 29 28 170 174 165 138 85 74 64 59 50 36 24 13 9

472 487 972 857 669 598 391 942 431 036 737 866 872 336 064 640 359 601 672 639 683 652 190 807 307 855 240 672 047 944 244 915 123 592 466 905 996 396 289 230 066

Filipino 1 406 103 17 21 21 21 20 107 21 21 21 21 21 108 22 21 21 21 21 117 21 22 23 24 25 118 25 24 119 131 129 118 88 67 49 44 37 25 21 13 6

770 058 346 853 850 120 889 077 408 095 549 157 868 214 057 428 796 850 083 323 512 778 042 679 312 693 271 377 023 691 848 036 339 567 374 321 782 644 054 358 368

Japanese 847 47 8 10 9 9 9 45 9 9 9 8 8 40 8 8 8 7 7 45 7 8 8 9 12 61 12 12 74 86 78 67 49 40 51 53 44 29 15 7 9

562 424 099 218 957 718 432 194 506 161 188 486 853 095 596 128 080 769 522 945 470 001 743 571 160 441 915 649 696 379 087 380 158 767 796 268 246 212 736 704 034

Asian Indian 815 69 11 15 15 14 14 71 14 14 14 14 14 67 14 13 13 12 12 61 12 12 11 12 12 70 13 13 85 85 81 74 53 35 20 14 10 6 3 1

447 579 113 264 001 195 006 698 406 135 397 357 403 230 603 817 368 954 488 027 387 096 364 319 861 863 258 484 732 939 729 162 935 355 951 243 285 281 683 780 975

Korean 798 70 9 15 15 15 15 70 14 14 14 13 13 62 13 11 12 12 12 74 13 14 14 15 16 65 15 14 70 83 67 60 51 40 26 18 14 10 6 3 1

849 601 440 268 462 327 104 499 689 841 506 133 330 909 444 945 100 524 896 694 769 091 670 685 479 643 731 184 389 593 112 978 905 738 231 310 181 187 295 214 370

1 262 267 144 397 114 453 26.2 992 048 99 322 17 786 21 145 20 782 19 863 19 746 98 258 20 021 19 469 20 124 18 949 19 695 92 253 19 701 18 481 18 365 18 070 17 636 87 458 17 392 17 566 17 301 17 180 18 019 80 506 16 965 15 979 88 103 87 924 77 588 64 960 49 824 39 826 32 465 27 197 23 412 16 770 12 692 7 559 5 931 649 956 82 324 66 364

1 212 083 139 363 110 426 26.3 952 229 94 301 16 878 20 012 19 701 18 894 18 816 93 882 19 048 18 530 19 192 18 207 18 905 88 705 18 940 17 739 17 643 17 410 16 973 84 049 16 725 16 850 16 649 16 553 17 272 76 941 16 213 15 328 84 197 84 352 74 700 62 773 48 145 38 539 31 236 26 296 22 620 16 289 12 209 7 278 5 717 625 117 79 549 64 113

34 425 3 629 2 909 23.6 28 197 3 851 686 887 824 751 703 3 257 738 696 694 562 567 2 562 546 542 513 479 482 2 474 478 517 472 471 536 2 551 539 474 2 712 2 484 1 917 1 377 1 130 815 829 640 531 352 358 199 158 17 060 1 984 1 598

15 759 1 405 1 118 26.8 11 622 1 170 222 246 257 218 227 1 119 235 243 238 180 223 986 215 200 209 181 181 935 189 199 180 156 211 1 014 213 177 1 194 1 088 971 810 549 472 400 261 261 129 125 82 56 7 779 791 653

5 190 275 581 339 454 458 29.8 3 715 624 288 499 45 856 63 281 61 540 59 123 58 699 294 300 60 087 58 977 59 164 57 328 58 744 270 427 57 593 53 397 53 252 53 651 52 534 291 344 54 278 55 847 56 772 60 522 63 925 306 276 64 567 61 919 348 441 376 376 353 296 305 402 210 184 159 566 137 124 124 378 98 979 67 934 43 338 22 421 17 339 2 695 501 322 313 250 011

4 957 246 561 840 439 723 30.1 3 534 649 269 760 42 564 59 336 57 657 55 412 54 791 275 412 56 279 55 106 55 340 53 592 55 095 253 026 53 829 49 891 49 750 50 283 49 273 274 718 51 121 52 596 53 680 57 136 60 185 288 843 60 748 58 418 330 198 360 018 339 563 294 468 201 974 153 189 131 888 119 946 95 822 65 687 41 891 21 585 16 661 2 579 054 311 378 241 646

1 259 182 168 944 133 977 32.1 824 348 53 496 8 307 12 944 11 406 10 593 10 246 50 445 10 368 10 265 10 079 9 589 10 144 50 116 10 092 9 941 9 833 10 388 9 862 57 772 10 157 10 745 10 937 12 414 13 519 67 137 13 907 13 670 85 334 88 640 85 143 71 958 42 860 36 649 31 782 31 634 25 894 19 132 13 103 7 565 5 688 638 452 90 125 71 382

1 021 089 131 243 104 206 31.1 756 334 49 963 8 504 10 455 10 594 10 228 10 182 51 822 10 394 10 144 10 414 10 259 10 611 52 532 10 700 10 372 10 568 10 721 10 171 57 063 10 427 10 979 11 253 11 998 12 406 60 739 12 482 12 127 65 774 77 797 75 591 69 075 50 521 37 542 27 747 25 760 22 400 15 013 10 185 4 714 2 096 569 358 70 016 54 408

690 635 137 266 105 932 36.3 458 078 23 345 3 969 5 024 4 964 4 735 4 653 22 350 4 721 4 448 4 559 4 258 4 364 19 722 4 255 3 894 3 955 3 850 3 768 23 666 3 769 4 112 4 544 4 924 6 317 31 012 6 445 6 412 39 020 43 788 39 607 35 245 26 652 24 568 35 595 34 273 24 883 15 464 8 443 4 312 6 133 380 236 78 792 59 235

571 093 30 810 23 004 28.9 377 604 33 992 5 472 7 508 7 295 6 932 6 785 35 466 7 113 7 018 7 141 7 053 7 141 33 049 7 188 6 820 6 636 6 381 6 024 29 245 5 931 5 906 5 493 5 816 6 099 32 486 6 180 6 285 39 300 38 959 38 193 33 424 21 656 13 515 8 816 7 082 5 595 3 444 1 957 901 524 257 767 16 426 12 421

552 310 45 371 35 247 29.1 445 139 35 819 4 676 7 514 7 758 7 985 7 886 37 676 7 722 7 897 7 841 6 987 7 229 33 365 7 181 6 308 6 398 6 740 6 738 38 194 7 117 7 182 7 644 8 023 8 228 33 597 7 845 7 114 40 308 48 968 41 181 37 446 29 819 21 325 14 388 10 690 8 568 6 431 4 249 2 141 974 316 336 28 437 22 363

27.2 967 186 25.3

27.3 926 056 25.4

23.9 28 955 23.3

27.6 12 175 26.1

30.7 3 558 038 28.7

30.9 3 373 989 29.0

32.7 821 124 31.5

32.6 650 436 29.0

38.2 389 484 34.6

28.1 437 843 29.6

30.3 353 710 26.9

97.5

97.3

102.7

104.8

95.8

95.5

99.6

86.0

85.0

116.0

79.5

Male Median age Males per 100 females

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

380

234 950 089 077 157 519 108 446 657 454 875 295 165 000 017 788 420 047 728 516 740 886 945 798 147 549 124 401 577 668 182 154 817 714 819 389 710 270 152 116 205

American Indian

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

31

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 23.

Section Five: Census Data

Age and Sex for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

                                                                                          Male  Median age  Males per 100 females 

All persons Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Female Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age

32

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

614 53 7 12 11 10 10 56 11 11 11 11 10 55 10 10 10 10 12 74 14 14 15 15 14 66 14 13 63 61 57 40 26 18 13 9 7 5 3 1

547 095 819 281 714 596 685 310 659 353 356 116 826 616 886 502 794 944 490 012 218 562 456 171 605 186 541 361 236 999 019 568 759 477 218 968 013 030 319 737 985

Cambodian 147 19 2 3 4 4 4 26 5 4 4 5 6 15 5 3 2 2 2 14 2 2 3 2 2 12 2 2 10 11 11 7 5 4 3 1 1 1

411 727 713 888 222 408 496 000 033 861 873 231 002 340 006 076 388 405 465 312 929 758 030 977 618 558 935 435 362 433 052 971 902 046 001 983 603 115 593 254 159

Hmong 90 19 3 4 4 3 4 19 4 3 3 3 3 10 2 2 2 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 5 4 4 2 2 1 1

082 526 207 159 052 986 122 280 118 907 859 721 675 991 782 353 111 903 842 355 917 829 708 579 322 544 381 264 829 510 038 849 087 496 126 916 927 850 503 167 88

Con.

Pacific Islander

Laotian 149 17 2 3 3 3 3 20 3 3 4 4 4 18 4 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 2 13 2 2 13 12 10 7 5 3 2 1 1 1

Thai

Other Asian

014 210 798 633 679 504 596 577 916 673 015 402 571 497 003 579 669 648 598 100 821 652 443 271 913 367 823 793 592 751 618 507 807 918 572 801 552 143 632 231 139

91 275 4 828 785 1 043 1 006 980 1 014 5 625 1 040 1 076 1 169 1 100 1 240 7 342 1 420 1 355 1 429 1 583 1 555 8 561 1 682 1 632 1 696 1 763 1 788 8 214 1 823 1 587 8 137 8 518 11 702 13 009 8 114 3 455 1 447 907 662 430 217 69 38

302 35 6 7 7 7 6 31 6 6 6 5 6 25 5 5 5 4 4 26 4 4 4 5 6 34 6 7 33 31 25 18 11 8 6 4 3 2 1

209 613 355 778 577 126 777 455 812 417 236 984 006 763 873 173 029 959 729 410 725 828 920 479 458 919 941 158 120 483 820 723 779 550 094 579 270 014 326 785 506

365 38 6 8 7 7 7 38 7 7 7 7 7 35 7 7 7 6 6 34 6 6 6 7 7 35 7 7 36 32 27 22 16 12 10 8 5 3 2 1 1

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

964 271 417 762 782 639 671 768 644 628 542 516 438 851 469 337 384 394 267 516 286 281 179 346 424 586 472 296 061 053 084 247 384 755 286 055 770 505 314 200 258

49 345 4 643 772 996 958 954 963 4 598 926 966 944 880 882 4 373 895 831 902 887 858 4 968 879 849 943 1 113 1 184 5 566 1 220 1 082 5 832 5 031 4 019 3 261 1 785 1 637 1 272 837 608 392 249 130 144

41 701 5 145 838 1 132 1 082 1 005 1 088 4 760 1 009 988 975 892 896 4 023 876 830 755 800 762 3 921 705 742 717 806 951 4 510 981 959 4 356 4 085 3 215 2 389 1 718 1 185 868 594 412 249 140 82 49

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

024 697 813 294 986 698 906 476 770 908 855 511 432 219 623 053 067 872 604 383 550 598 455 009 771 975 835 215 906 943 549 096 682 690 357 316 980 932 492 321 010

211 20 3 4 4 4 4 21 4 4 4 4 4 19 4 4 4 3 3 18 3 3 3 3 4 19 4 3 20 18 16 13 10 8 6 5 4 2 1

62 8 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

014 638 786 404 164 100 184 350 191 326 394 223 216 972 383 055 026 791 717 978 680 726 616 744 212 313 162 878 657 774 231 199 795 113 931 830 190 786 789 909 559

405 290 23 472 18 084 25.2 289 303 25 739 3 819 5 906 5 715 5 109 5 190 27 163 5 630 5 514 5 460 5 389 5 170 26 111 5 138 4 958 5 143 5 132 5 740 33 098 6 427 6 619 6 835 6 790 6 427 28 717 6 393 5 814 26 714 27 843 28 248 21 308 13 560 9 035 6 415 4 941 3 830 2 880 2 000 1 028 673 190 409 13 136 10 411

77 627 4 740 3 724 19.4 75 724 9 732 1 369 1 934 2 081 2 152 2 196 12 729 2 497 2 391 2 338 2 597 2 906 7 474 2 438 1 502 1 166 1 138 1 230 6 757 1 377 1 277 1 411 1 408 1 284 6 492 1 492 1 211 5 819 6 622 5 818 4 165 3 032 2 144 1 562 1 130 946 686 352 160 104 41 724 2 819 2 248

34 831 3 010 2 535 12.5 44 192 9 485 1 575 1 992 1 959 1 953 2 006 9 505 2 048 1 937 1 899 1 830 1 791 5 272 1 323 1 133 1 038 895 883 3 775 894 818 731 714 618 3 142 663 617 2 689 2 290 1 931 1 393 1 082 788 641 548 614 555 316 105 61 17 487 1 937 1 651

81 814 4 649 3 697 20.4 71 984 8 402 1 398 1 767 1 713 1 722 1 802 10 055 1 903 1 790 1 995 2 146 2 221 8 966 1 970 1 689 1 776 1 792 1 739 8 246 1 859 1 799 1 616 1 543 1 429 6 553 1 405 1 350 6 700 6 228 4 959 3 464 2 599 1 672 1 114 905 851 661 382 140 87 39 287 2 605 2 121

68 470 1 922 1 416 31.8 53 696 2 358 372 508 484 494 500 2 738 532 511 552 544 599 3 627 659 676 693 790 809 4 281 834 814 888 889 856 4 164 907 794 4 406 5 234 7 912 8 968 5 245 2 220 938 617 473 303 143 47 22 42 437 1 339 988

194 905 10 413 7 901 24.5 138 247 17 429 3 103 3 784 3 688 3 509 3 345 15 463 3 351 3 191 3 062 2 940 2 919 12 792 2 885 2 598 2 544 2 456 2 309 12 621 2 329 2 345 2 328 2 617 3 002 14 804 3 029 3 024 14 134 13 649 10 980 8 022 4 948 3 731 2 890 2 366 1 768 1 118 761 472 299 85 561 5 746 4 418

233 029 19 499 14 735 25.0 180 975 18 739 3 292 3 945 3 883 3 711 3 908 18 888 3 808 3 871 3 824 3 736 3 649 17 401 3 764 3 506 3 502 3 368 3 261 16 626 3 157 3 251 3 092 3 386 3 740 17 433 3 819 3 501 18 243 16 358 13 733 10 934 8 210 6 377 5 236 4 432 3 157 2 247 1 447 836 678 116 447 10 935 8 365

138 032 13 590 10 233 26.3 105 212 10 033 1 814 2 110 2 019 1 987 2 103 10 529 2 027 2 122 2 184 2 097 2 099 9 764 2 164 2 000 1 985 1 828 1 787 9 157 1 754 1 841 1 712 1 805 2 045 9 362 1 981 1 879 10 302 9 467 8 134 6 546 5 317 4 152 3 553 3 104 2 225 1 592 1 042 575 358 69 579 7 593 5 792

36 328 2 652 2 047 21.5 30 978 3 941 703 822 876 759 781 3 821 822 808 746 762 683 3 436 732 671 703 700 630 3 093 611 593 551 679 659 3 203 721 650 2 981 2 504 1 995 1 565 1 156 861 672 552 408 294 177 129 190 18 025 1 528 1 198

33 060 1 993 1 523 25.4 24 140 2 248 371 456 462 488 471 2 264 471 473 448 438 434 2 171 430 419 445 429 448 2 388 428 425 450 509 576 2 590 594 489 2 773 2 404 2 001 1 661 900 799 589 472 325 215 145 90 105 16 154 1 155 880

25 609 1 264 932 23.2 20 645 2 517 404 557 526 477 553 2 274 488 468 446 439 433 2 030 438 416 369 411 396 1 988 364 392 379 393 460 2 278 523 483 2 187 1 983 1 603 1 162 837 565 422 304 199 146 83 42 25 12 689 659 495

25.7 325 244 24.8

20.8 71 687 18.0

12.6 45 890 12.4

20.2 77 030 20.6

35.0 37 579 26.7

23.6 163 962 25.2

25.4 184 049 24.5

26.8 105 802 25.7

21.7 31 986 21.2

25.7 25 205 25.2

23.2 21 056 23.3

112.4

94.7

103.8

107.0

70.0

118.6

101.7

100.6

103.3

104.4

102.0

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

381

Section Five: Census Data

Table 24.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age and Sex by Type of Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race)

United States All persons All persons Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Female Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Male Median age Males per 100 females

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

382

248 18 3 3 3 3 3 18 3 3 3 3 3

709 354 217 949 815 683 689 099 689 577 645 508 677

17 3 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 4 19 4 3 21 21 19 17 13 11 10 10 10 7 6 3 3 185 37 31

114 653 455 423 339 243 754 321 304 410 641 076 020 009 817 313 862 963 615 872 350 531 616 111 994 121 933 080 105 629 241

127 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 10 10 10 8 7 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 96 22 18

873 443 312 107 040 177 807 179 533 632 761 668 585

249 177 515 450 000 107 015 609 890 062 238 216 312 414 220 045 887 117 786 573 513 756 167 735 823 369 739 165 441 695 831 32.9 470 455 962 034 572 511 926 815 862 798 799 154 800 756 836 652 800 356 747 800 780 061 714 313 794 122 347 779 684 670 632 580 651 615 606 651 778 998 344 965 869 617 985 060 923 061 835 497 669 579 585 721 567 222 450 105 676

082 005 181 451 583 862 317 829 895 662 861 070 716 332 409 109 954 874 802 976 775 386 120 428 517 601 645 467 301 515 658 34.1 121 239 418 31.7 95.1

Total

Mexican

22 354 059 2 387 524 427 454 518 131 502 284 477 574 462 081 2 193 852 457 089 434 252 441 276 426 113 435 122

13 495 938 1 578 141 284 194 340 985 330 489 316 077 306 396 1 455 722 303 788 288 208 293 726 282 345 287 655

2 001 427 400 397 393 382 2 053 387 385 402 426 452 2 304 469 451 2 341 2 062 1 660 1 284 953 755 639 553 436 286 213 130 94 14 596 1 481 1 161

617 686 840 566 120 405 957 038 257 212 930 520 441 015 608 239 303 726 268 910 989 308 642 257 772 265 425 564 559 076 283 25.5 10 966 000 1 169 330 209 571 253 517 245 343 234 518 226 381 1 075 119 223 566 213 163 216 458 208 922 213 010 978 208 195 194 193 186 970 188 185 189 197 208 1 042 212 202 1 090 987 814 644 485 391 336 298 240 166 129 81 61 7 179 853 679

234 770 352 250 284 578 064 636 598 419 563 848 941 963 931 881 846 565 100 653 770 937 686 679 967 910 251 067 664 556 874 26.1 11 388 059 25.0 103.8

1 290 279 258 254 252 245 1 314 248 247 259 273 286 1 457 298 287 1 413 1 214 961 717 510 389 330 288 225 138 100 62 46 8 417 738 572

338 868 336 058 503 573 657 504 021 054 263 815 815 887 973 224 778 559 158 954 874 853 307 218 007 960 307 066 158 568 558 23.8 6 474 754 772 763 139 433 166 793 161 441 154 774 150 322 712 972 148 054 141 598 144 058 138 510 140 752

630 136 126 124 124 120 614 121 118 120 124 129 638 131 125 637 566 457 348 252 196 170 152 120 77 59 37 28 3 997 411 323

841 369 094 115 233 030 609 085 677 977 425 445 294 880 288 555 047 844 376 526 941 245 485 065 349 499 486 857 439 706 256 24.0 7 021 184 23.7 108.4

Puerto Rican 2 727 286 49 62 61 57 56 268 55 52 53 52 54

Cuban

754 856 181 810 185 566 114 850 228 720 857 798 247

1 043 56 9 12 11 11 11 50 10 10 10 9 9

102 194 187 654 989 078 535 459 245 273 334 224 858 396 237 713 983 915 916 824 632 809 459 191 449 099 961 602 969 717 302 25.7 1 395 653 140 587 24 042 30 885 29 762 28 478 27 420 131 670 27 167 25 809 26 431 25 872 26 391

47 9 9 9 9 9 58 10 10 11 12 12 69 13 12 95 85 74 63 64 72 69 68 56 41 33 21 14 857 208 168

261 55 53 52 50 49 248 48 47 47 50 55 260 54 51 268 243 200 170 129 101 84 66 51 34 25 13 9 1 767 172 134

127 26 25 25 25 23 121 23 23 23 24 27 131 26 25 137 125 104 90 68 53 45 36 29 20 15 8 6 926 102 81

045 938 823 494 012 778 857 695 067 032 688 375 325 998 650 371 785 801 182 455 607 420 208 394 735 717 925 569 557 449 340 26.6 1 332 101 24.7 95.4

Other Hispanic

932 239 807 104 830 332 166 200 771 537 481 360 051

5 086 466 84 102 98 92 88 419 87 82 83 81 84

375 078 056 607 820 814 336 514 870 625 329 998 015 085 508 790 705 956 634 306 234 241 511 214 913 858 791 614 109 704 390 38.9 530 784 27 398 4 800 5 929 5 655 5 576 5 438 24 394 5 215 5 057 5 165 4 522 4 435

402 83 80 81 79 77 432 79 80 84 91 97 516 102 99 563 517 423 332 248 192 154 130 103 72 53 32 24 3 554 361 286

22 4 4 4 4 4 27 4 5 5 5 6 33 6 6 46 39 35 31 32 37 35 35 30 24 21 14 9 440 120 99

197 41 39 39 39 38 205 38 38 39 42 45 239 47 45 269 256 216 173 131 104 85 74 60 44 33 20 15 1 815 218 175

948 446 391 676 784 651 975 989 297 500 890 299 569 389 086 106 882 822 636 833 095 783 682 454 337 023 015 832 258 687 661 41.0 513 148 36.9 96.7

Not of Hispanic origin

435 288 272 232 780 599 405 080 302 787 212 610 169

226 15 2 3 3 3 3 15 3 3 3 3 3

355 966 789 430 312 205 227 905 232 143 204 082 242

802 546 261 247 808 940 429 561 121 260 004 483 753 647 890 512 837 296 560 826 249 405 365 634 403 348 366 282 323 087 033 27.7 2 564 809 228 582 41 296 49 910 48 485 45 690 43 201 206 083 43 130 40 699 40 804 40 018 41 432

15 3 3 3 2 2 15 2 2 3 3 3 16 3 3 18 19 18 16 12 10 9 10 9 7 5 3 2 170 36 30

112 225 054 025 945 860 700 934 919 007 214 623 715 540 365 971 800 302 331 918 594 892 062 675 708 908 803 985 508 148 080

400 017 044 965 255 119 623 867 557 910 560 729 753 696 907 849 132 098 906 839 127 489 311 766 546 671 825 809 410 714 617 28.8 2 521 626 26.7 98.3

116 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 9 9 9 8 6 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 89 21 17

814 919 858 976 756 603 726 327 444 380 485 555 463

632 491 675 884 880 702 058 571 633 850 308 696 871 399 612 806 584 391 518 663 524 448 525 478 051 104 314 601 882 619 548 33.7 504 455 792 704 362 940 673 298 617 455 564 636 574 375 761 533 576 790 534 637 563 603 505 391 581 112

368 570 488 476 439 394 681 427 421 462 581 789 301 752 666 526 998 246 279 576 444 160 370 338 418 591 486 161 270 251 996

848 235 829 201 299 284 253 193 297 243 298 222 775 369 478 228 108 309 702 323 005 449 434 749 550 691 394 400 637 959 784 34.9 109 851 359 32.5 94.3

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

33

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 25.

Section Five: Census Data

Age and Sex for Race by Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

United States All persons All persons Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Female Under 5 years Under 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 to 9 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 to 14 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 to 19 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years 19 years 20 to 24 years 20 years 21 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 to 84 years 85 years and over 18 years and over 62 years and over 65 years and over Median age Male Median age Males per 100 females

34

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

248 18 3 3 3 3 3 18 3 3 3 3 3

709 354 217 949 815 683 689 099 689 577 645 508 677

17 3 3 3 3 3 17 3 3 3 3 4 19 4 3 21 21 19 17 13 11 10 10 10 7 6 3 3 185 37 31

114 653 455 423 339 243 754 321 304 410 641 076 020 009 817 313 862 963 615 872 350 531 616 111 994 121 933 080 105 629 241

127 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 10 10 10 8 7 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 96 22 18

873 443 312 107 040 177 807 179 533 632 761 668 585

249 177 515 450 000 107 015 609 890 062 238 216 312 414 220 045 887 117 786 573 513 756 167 735 823 369 739 165 441 695 831 32.9 470 455 962 034 572 511 926 815 862 798 799 154 800 756 836 652 800 356 747 800 780 061 714 313 794 122 347 779 684 670 632 580 651 615 606 651 778 998 344 965 869 617 985 060 923 061 835 497 669 579 585 721 567 222 450 105 676

082 005 181 451 583 862 317 829 895 662 861 070 716 332 409 109 954 874 802 976 775 386 120 428 517 601 645 467 301 515 658 34.1 121 239 418 31.7 95.1

Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

11 557 774 1 160 771 207 041 252 253 243 118 232 497 225 862 1 086 177 224 969 214 691 218 522 211 049 216 946

188 12 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 2 2 2 2

128 488 197 672 571 507 539 530 543 480 525 427 552

997 213 200 198 195 188 998 190 189 196 205 216 085 222 212 138 031 853 685 529 441 392 356 289 198 150 94 68 736 008 801

11 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 2 2 2 2 13 2 2 15 16 15 13 11 9 8 8 8 6 5 3 2 144 32 27

1 1 1

7 1

5

455 481 338 750 935 951 002 790 289 436 418 069 988 319 129 395 482 205 920 741 367 081 036 845 076 812 119 302 856 635 154 34.9 738 485 568 813 101 526 123 426 118 960 114 180 110 721 532 525 110 003 105 306 107 205 103 591 106 420

486 104 97 96 96 91 469 92 90 91 94 100 495 101 96 537 501 424 347 272 230 206 191 159 115 92 59 45 3 875 583 471

700 363 781 809 074 673 879 444 626 679 983 147 583 699 126 638 758 550 947 423 848 959 366 317 216 541 387 035 698 639 496 36.1 5 819 289 33.6 101.4

Hispanic origin

296 719 217 461 497 627 917 091 243 472 976 541 859

769 87 15 19 18 17 16 74 15 14 14 14 14

856 526 396 377 311 244 344 303 280 348 525 886 437 837 709 500 320 228 820 055 063 576 855 609 928 334 458 719 320 404 050

66 14 13 13 12 12 66 12 12 12 13 15 75 15 14 79 74 61 46 33 26 21 18 14 9 6 3 2 503 48 37

643 418 497 474 846 408 120 364 255 582 789 130 429 528 700 110 695 112 144 214 997 795 499 602 870 909 759 698 752 517 838 28.2 378 743 43 058 7 554 9 566 9 120 8 605 8 213 36 558 7 857 7 295 7 336 7 069 7 001

2 534 545 514 505 492 476 2 592 487 491 509 532 571 2 503 537 498 2 628 2 607 2 275 1 829 1 372 1 152 1 010 943 848 630 474 289 227 19 897 3 031 2 470

96 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1

103 043 621 773 109 557 701 102 559 737 629 674 924 680 305 149 031 401 470 962 504 335 087 792 488 213 576 750 985 673 819 34.9 471 705 076 196 069 860 299 545 252 067 220 017 234 707 093 212 236 443 206 815 228 539 181 002 240 413

5 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 7 8 7 6 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 1 75 19 16

760 225 163 155 124 090 027 117 107 140 240 421 639 400 337 716 150 602 931 576 616 430 684 727 955 238 266 978 176 013 165

32 7 6 6 6 6 31 6 5 5 6 6 34 6 6 36 35 29 23 16 14 11 10 8 6 4 2 1 248 29 23

1 254 269 255 250 244 235 1 284 239 242 249 265 287 1 285 272 253 1 385 1 395 1 224 987 746 632 564 536 491 379 298 190 159 10 832 1 840 1 519

132 583 410 692 921 526 253 613 726 438 239 237 949 321 490 091 210 927 212 697 639 646 973 091 619 085 206 567 388 973 568 36.1 91 656 591 33.6 95.0

767 974 465 503 991 468 547 197 758 836 895 328 380

Not of Hispanic origin

575 033 583 595 329 035 241 122 928 918 421 852 363 945 613 659 327 433 018 958 079 746 388 588 061 378 484 829 584 382 340 29.6 391 024 26.6 103.2

29 216 293 2 697 928 464 557 587 179 575 388 539 827 530 977 2 596 912 529 797 507 454 521 521 504 436 533 704 947 621 910 950 422 044 373 150 754 709 196 564 524 737 552 655 029 654 918 552 014 954 120 443 545 361 879 485 893 321 713 28.2 15 437 166 1 334 349 230 068 290 428 284 285 266 918 262 650 1 284 286 261 769 251 050 257 568 249 957 263 942 607 091 330 502 420 264 989 801 069 647 504 968 964 735 281 346 787 282 384 367 956 084 986 515 655 352 495 762 407 100 779 29.6 13 779 127 26.6 89.3

Hispanic origin 165 22 4 4 4 4 4 20 4 3 4 4 3

Not of Hispanic origin

461 062 034 792 649 412 175 178 145 981 162 028 862

1 793 179 32 38 37 36 35 179 36 35 36 34 36

17 3 3 3 3 3 16 3 3 3 3 3 15 3 3 15 14 11 9 6 4 3 2 2 1

595 887 619 407 461 221 007 226 164 134 245 238 706 326 182 473 614 826 045 215 601 591 879 281 438 989 508 453 96 102 7 289 5 669 26.7 81 517 10 929 1 968 2 351 2 374 2 169 2 067 10 057 2 119 1 929 2 047 2 046 1 916

170 36 34 34 33 32 164 32 32 32 32 33 149 31 30 160 156 138 117 90 72 58 48 40 27 20 11 8 1 166 137 108

8 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 7 7 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

83 17 16 16 16 16 79 15 16 15 15 16 73 15 14 80 80 71 60 46 37 30 25 22 15 12 7 5 602 78 63

651 903 774 660 735 579 502 550 496 510 500 446 072 511 397 374 231 948 537 247 371 857 522 237 810 597 290 285 47 324 4 078 3 219 27.6 83 944 25.7 103.0

Hispanic origin

773 888 055 285 508 107 933 268 512 473 713 267 303

305 32 5 7 6 6 6 30 6 6 6 6 6

405 130 169 013 586 507 509 514 722 811 553 909 843 798 219 104 054 356 109 602 113 228 510 429 832 163 608 752 165 108 784 26.7 910 531 88 393 15 818 18 794 18 408 17 694 17 679 88 201 17 902 17 540 18 077 16 903 17 779

28 6 5 5 5 5 28 5 5 5 5 6 29 6 6 29 27 24 19 14 10 8 7 5 3 2 1

13 2 2 2 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 2 14 2 2 14 14 12 10 7 5 4 3 3 2 1

602 798 707 705 335 057 956 842 070 791 680 573 434 454 582 729 693 640 423 577 455 608 675 175 960 095 269 646 632 246 145 27.6 883 242 25.7 97.0

Not of Hispanic origin

303 936 933 247 914 508 334 705 236 145 169 102 053

6 968 556 87 123 119 113 113 565 115 113 113 109 113

100 002 810 607 381 300 326 507 426 480 800 113 354 219 022 231 621 522 631 098 819 586 125 389 642 561 680 977 197 149 18 392 14 249 30.0 154 392 16 147 2 897 3 532 3 313 3 214 3 191 15 044 3 007 3 003 3 054 2 992 2 988

523 111 103 102 103 102 575 107 110 112 119 126 602 128 123 661 698 645 552 391 300 242 211 173 118 77 42 28 4 993 562 440

452 355 239 583 631 644 435 156 051 237 510 481 904 475 157 838 562 296 563 492 832 047 392 108 592 578 170 761 126 947 209 30.0 3 561 232 272 352 42 959 59 749 58 227 55 909 55 508 279 256 57 080 55 974 56 110 54 336 55 756

891 189 177 176 175 172 945 175 175 184 198 211 1 097 221 215 1 079 913 710 523 370 272 213 169 124 73 51 30 22 6 062 398 302

256 54 50 50 51 49 277 51 53 54 57 60 292 61 59 333 362 340 294 202 153 132 120 95 65 42 21 16 2 593 312 242

436 92 86 86 86 84 447 85 84 87 91 97 491 99 95 494 429 341 258 185 138 111 91 68 42 31 18 13 2 906 226 174

722 995 789 744 639 555 630 655 631 608 799 937 106 994 843 547 305 895 505 509 725 632 995 090 122 307 687 424 101 585 9 952 7 630 30.9 150 911 28.9 97.7

359 909 527 289 261 748 084 428 552 318 571 962 025

Hispanic origin

705 598 608 508 012 979 714 623 216 164 723 988 170 573 076 894 071 401 897 675 841 492 383 889 812 031 734 915 916 361 381 30.9 3 407 127 28.9 95.7

9 555 754 1 083 781 194 981 234 336 228 612 216 689 209 163 982 595 205 981 194 599 197 528 190 606 193 881 824 898 576 328 497 525 502 151 123 580 678 970 964 623 575 030 891 061 528 642 205 255 103 140 746 994 359 134 700 243 373 19.3 4 612 863 530 383 95 626 114 642 111 576 106 350 102 189 480 935 100 580 95 630 96 816 93 224 94 685 586 476 425 442 507 736 812 865 917 704 860 466 817 814 952 663 225 739 093 516 747 743 415 447 758 087 403 494 473 505 189 19.5 4 942 891 19.2 107.2

Not of Hispanic origin 249 43 8 9 9 8 7 33 7 6 6 6 6

093 475 502 762 102 294 815 628 340 663 704 349 572

27 6 5 5 5 4 23 4 4 4 4 5 21 4 4 21 18 14 11 8 6 4 4 3 2 1 1

725 342 736 565 132 950 040 649 547 356 420 068 676 709 379 060 908 684 458 055 061 884 416 706 594 789 081 853 130 713 12 570 10 023 19.3 123 821 21 414 4 235 4 782 4 468 4 098 3 831 16 578 3 596 3 258 3 309 3 193 3 222 13 3 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 2 10 2 2 10 9 7 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1

802 165 774 794 611 458 341 314 216 203 152 456 258 286 049 168 347 059 786 007 114 619 417 079 504 128 690 510 65 294 7 279 5 911 19.5 125 272 19.2 101.2

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

383

Section Five: Census Data

Table 26.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Persons in Households and in Group Quarters by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

Male In group quarters

United States Total

In households

Institutionalized persons

Female In group quarters

Other persons

Total

In households

Institutionalized persons

In group quarters

Other persons

Total

In households

Institutionalized persons

Other persons

TOTAL Age All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

248 63 22 31 10 7 19 21 21 37 25 10 10 31 18 10 3

709 604 043 523 036 717 020 313 862 578 223 531 616 241 106 055 080

873 432 976 895 561 454 312 045 887 903 086 756 167 831 558 108 165

242 63 22 31 9 6 17 20 21 37 24 10 10 29 17 9 2

012 339 005 433 899 507 483 783 450 071 985 432 497 460 770 384 306

129 241 760 727 754 428 243 703 845 167 352 847 337 966 393 175 398

3 334 142 5 48 88 71 255 302 269 325 145 63 83 1 676 284 636 755

018 403 798 083 522 308 075 482 299 784 242 136 227 062 107 138 817

3 363 122 32 42 48 1 138 1 281 226 142 181 92 35 35 104 52 34 17

726 788 418 085 285 718 994 860 743 952 492 773 603 803 058 795 950

121 32 11 16 5 3 9 10 10 18 12 5 4 12 7 3

239 584 281 140 162 940 675 695 876 594 325 034 947 565 941 765 857

418 278 586 517 175 523 596 936 933 227 335 370 047 173 613 862 698

117 32 11 16 5 3 8 10 10 18 12 4 4 12 7 3

450 412 261 084 065 303 663 256 535 183 155 972 880 087 794 579 714

800 265 739 736 790 963 806 475 426 076 427 511 377 474 360 040 074

1 801 104 3 32 68 63 229 266 233 273 106 39 45 438 121 176 140

352 243 247 521 475 760 904 016 345 815 629 414 685 541 615 775 151

1 987 67 16 23 27 572 781 173 108 137 63 22 20 39 25 10 3

266 770 600 260 910 800 886 445 162 336 279 445 985 158 638 047 473

127 31 10 15 4 3 9 10 10 18 12 5 5 18 10 6 2

470 020 762 383 874 776 344 617 985 984 897 497 669 676 164 289 222

455 154 390 378 386 931 716 109 954 676 751 386 120 658 945 246 467

124 30 10 15 4 3 8 10 10 18 12 5 5 17 9 5 1

561 926 744 348 833 203 819 527 915 888 829 460 616 373 976 805 592

329 976 021 991 964 465 437 228 419 091 925 336 960 492 033 135 324

1 532 38 2 15 20 7 25 36 35 51 38 23 37 1 237 162 459 615

666 160 551 562 047 548 171 466 954 969 613 722 542 521 492 363 666

1 376 55 15 18 20 565 500 53 34 44 29 13 14 65 26 24 14

460 018 818 825 375 918 108 415 581 616 213 328 618 645 420 748 477

Percent Distribution All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.3 99.6 99.8 99.7 98.6 84.3 91.9 97.5 98.1 98.6 99.1 99.1 98.9 94.3 98.1 93.3 74.9

1.3 .2 – .2 .9 .9 1.3 1.4 1.2 .9 .6 .6 .8 5.4 1.6 6.3 24.5

1.4 .2 .1 .1 .5 14.8 6.7 1.1 .7 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

96.9 99.5 99.8 99.7 98.1 83.8 89.5 95.9 96.9 97.8 98.6 98.8 98.7 96.2 98.1 95.0 83.3

1.5 .3 – .2 1.3 1.6 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.5 .9 .8 .9 3.5 1.5 4.7 16.3

1.6 .2 .1 .1 .5 14.5 8.1 1.6 1.0 .7 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.7 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.2 84.8 94.4 99.2 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.3 99.1 93.0 98.1 92.3 71.6

1.2 .1 – .1 .4 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .7 6.6 1.6 7.3 27.7

1.1 .2 .1 .1 .4 15.0 5.4 .5 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .3 .4 .7

WHITE Age All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

199 47 16 23 7 5 14 16 17 30 21 8 9 27 16 9 2

686 628 417 701 508 833 523 638 351 587 090 968 211 851 026 037 788

070 229 702 614 913 790 912 544 513 996 574 416 123 973 201 720 052

194 47 16 23 7 4 13 16 17 30 20 8 9 26 15 8 2

671 476 398 647 431 873 406 349 131 286 920 890 114 221 736 424 061

440 649 462 021 166 059 449 729 407 814 515 962 060 796 070 492 234

2 442 83 3 31 48 33 117 142 131 180 101 48 67 1 535 244 581 710

062 827 661 256 910 617 250 194 675 798 333 737 258 373 183 117 073

2 572 67 15 23 28 927 1 000 146 88 120 68 28 29 94 45 32 16

568 753 579 337 837 114 213 621 431 384 726 717 805 804 948 111 745

97 24 8 12 3 2 7 8 8 15 10 4 4 11 7 3

475 470 426 175 868 977 388 384 699 281 393 330 334 214 068 381 764

880 125 247 491 387 184 380 815 545 360 967 811 784 909 958 501 450

94 24 8 12 3 2 6 8 8 15 10 4 4 10 6 3

894 374 416 141 816 484 679 148 521 046 278 284 282 793 945 215 632

328 359 089 762 508 140 944 724 768 955 486 424 239 289 349 439 501

1 090 57 2 20 35 28 102 121 110 145 70 29 35 387 101 157 128

356 687 074 516 097 716 925 876 639 134 627 136 732 884 770 250 864

1 491 38 8 13 16 464 605 114 67 89 44 17 16 33 21 8 3

196 079 084 213 782 328 511 215 138 271 854 251 813 736 839 812 085

102 23 7 11 3 2 7 8 8 15 10 4 4 16 8 5 2

210 158 991 526 640 856 135 253 651 306 696 637 876 637 957 656 023

190 104 455 123 526 606 532 729 968 636 607 605 339 064 243 219 602

99 23 7 11 3 2 6 8 8 15 10 4 4 15 8 5 1

777 102 982 505 614 388 726 201 609 239 642 606 831 428 790 209 428

112 290 373 259 658 919 505 005 639 859 029 538 821 507 721 053 733

1 351 26 1 10 13 4 14 20 21 35 30 19 31 1 147 142 423 581

706 140 587 740 813 901 325 318 036 664 706 601 526 489 413 867 209

1 081 29 7 10 12 462 394 32 21 31 23 11 12 61 24 23 13

372 674 495 124 055 786 702 406 293 113 872 466 992 068 109 299 660

Percent Distribution All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.5 99.7 99.9 99.8 99.0 83.5 92.3 98.3 98.7 99.0 99.2 99.1 98.9 94.1 98.2 93.2 73.9

1.2 .2 – .1 .7 .6 .8 .9 .8 .6 .5 .5 .7 5.5 1.5 6.4 25.5

1.3 .1 .1 .1 .4 15.9 6.9 .9 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.4 99.6 99.9 99.7 98.7 83.4 90.4 97.2 98.0 98.5 98.9 98.9 98.8 96.2 98.3 95.1 82.7

1.1 .2 – .2 .9 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 .9 .7 .7 .8 3.5 1.4 4.7 16.9

525 992 218 831 943 824 717 059 131 001 842 634 806 519 060 096 363

591 372 36 785 886 9 571 26 328 28 414 104 045 120 015 103 637 109 009 29 796 8 694 8 576 42 401 17 054 16 362 8 985

1.5 .2 .1 .1 .4 15.6 8.2 1.4 .8 .6 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.6 99.8 99.9 99.8 99.3 83.6 94.3 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.5 99.3 99.1 92.7 98.1 92.1 70.6

1.3 .1 – .1 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .6 6.9 1.6 7.5 28.7

702 196 210 459 527 832 193 765 235 265 396 155 217 448 927 852 669

153 128 9 033 742 3 589 4 702 2 147 8 964 13 703 12 658 13 716 6 546 3 516 5 150 77 695 17 423 30 921 29 351

1.1 .1 .1 .1 .3 16.2 5.5 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .3 .4 .7

BLACK Age All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

29 9 3 4 1 1 2 2 2 4 2 1

986 584 331 727 525 132 578 707 681 212 584 032 961 2 508 1 503 774 230

060 415 457 144 814 679 953 765 724 828 777 749 619 551 460 908 183

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

384

28 9 3 4 1 2 2 2 4 2 1 2 1

722 504 319 702 482 963 283 522 527 046 532 015 944 381 464 725 191

227 188 428 290 470 656 910 824 366 266 238 789 023 967 987 948 032

744 45 1 13 31 30 113 133 116 122 36 12 13 120 34 47 38

500 818 628 160 030 561 009 718 295 725 342 210 726 096 477 283 336

519 34 10 11 12 138 182 51 38 43 16 4 3 6 3 1

333 409 401 694 314 462 034 223 063 837 197 750 870 488 996 677 815

14 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

170 849 684 388 776 565 258 285 250 948 174 456 414 965 617 279 68

151 497 424 744 329 934 626 760 610 711 417 919 245 432 641 199 592

13 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

255 793 678 372 742 468 042 128 118 805 131 444 402 919 598 262 59

323 18 5 6 7 68 111 37 28 34 12 3 2 3 2

254 720 320 342 058 696 864 686 842 701 779 591 863 512 527 741 244

15 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1

815 734 647 338 749 566 320 422 431 264 410 575 547 543 885 495 161

909 918 033 400 485 745 327 005 114 117 360 830 374 119 819 709 591

15 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1

466 710 641 329 739 494 241 394 409 241 400 571 541 462 866 463 131

196 15 5 5 5 69 70 13 9 9 3 1 1 2 1

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

079 689 081 352 256 766 170 537 221 136 418 159 007 976 469 936 571

35

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 26.

Section Five: Census Data

Persons in Households and in Group Quarters by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

Male In group quarters

United States

Female In group quarters

In group quarters

Total

In households

Institutionalized persons

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

95.8 99.2 99.6 99.5 97.2 85.1 88.6 93.2 94.2 96.0 98.0 98.4 98.2 95.0 97.4 93.7 83.0

2.5 .5 – .3 2.0 2.7 4.4 4.9 4.3 2.9 1.4 1.2 1.4 4.8 2.3 6.1 16.7

1.7 .4 .3 .2 .8 12.2 7.1 1.9 1.4 1.0 .6 .5 .4 .3 .3 .2 .4

958 562 858 376 328 375 775 379 772 200 290 919 549 137 522 653 962

28 050 3 329 131 1 254 1 944 1 191 4 094 4 415 3 861 4 367 1 846 507 518 3 922 1 180 1 544 1 198

28 226 3 076 618 1 159 1 299 6 379 8 680 2 783 2 035 2 769 1 395 393 322 394 278 71 45

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.1 99.1 99.7 99.3 97.0 89.6 92.3 95.9 96.5 97.4 98.1 98.5 98.4 96.2 98.0 95.1 86.5

1.4 .5 .1 .4 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.5 2.3 1.6 1.1 .8 1.0 3.4 1.6 4.6 13.0

1.4 .4 .3 .3 1.2 8.7 5.2 1.6 1.2 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .3 .4 .2 .5

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

95.8 98.9 99.7 99.2 96.1 87.6 88.7 93.3 94.2 95.7 97.0 97.7 97.6 96.0 97.4 94.9 87.6

2.3 .6 .1 .4 2.6 2.8 4.3 4.4 4.1 2.8 1.8 1.3 1.4 3.4 2.0 4.8 11.7

1.9 .4 .2 .3 1.2 9.5 7.0 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 .5 .6 .3 .7

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

98.4 99.3 99.7 99.4 97.9 91.7 96.1 98.5 98.8 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.1 96.4 98.4 95.3 85.9

.6 .3 – .3 .9 .3 .6 .6 .6 .4 .4 .4 .7 3.4 1.3 4.5 13.7

1.0 .4 .3 .3 1.2 7.9 3.4 .9 .7 .5 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .4

7 273 662 2 083 387 711 633 1 025 897 345 857 257 904 632 258 691 069 726 183 1 242 012 717 241 250 633 218 517 454 458 300 731 123 989 29 738

7 120 735 2 076 684 710 447 1 024 182 342 055 214 936 576 822 676 159 718 547 1 234 115 713 888 249 266 217 015 443 303 297 408 120 008 25 887

22 992 2 181 181 523 1 477 869 2 097 2 175 2 012 2 359 1 195 547 665 8 892 2 074 3 225 3 593

935 522 005 192 325 099 339 735 624 538 158 820 837 2 263 1 249 756 258

3 558 038 1 063 264 363 047 521 257 178 960 133 457 325 982 342 628 349 807 583 314 347 491 113 509 94 139 204 447 133 818 58 230 12 399

3 469 336 1 059 379 362 448 520 317 176 614 111 222 293 157 332 080 344 387 577 700 345 335 112 740 93 329 200 007 132 159 56 545 11 303

14 178 1 608 98 339 1 171 773 1 847 1 838 1 567 1 804 765 315 331 3 330 975 1 341 1 014

74 524 2 277 501 601 1 175 21 462 30 978 8 710 3 853 3 810 1 391 454 479 1 110 684 344 82

3 715 624 1 020 123 348 586 504 640 166 897 124 447 306 276 348 441 376 376 658 698 369 750 137 124 124 378 250 011 166 913 65 759 17 339

3 651 399 1 017 305 347 999 503 865 165 441 103 714 283 665 344 079 374 160 656 415 368 553 136 526 123 686 243 296 165 249 63 463 14 584

8 814 573 83 184 306 96 250 337 445 555 430 232 334 5 562 1 099 1 884 2 579

55 411 2 245 504 591 1 150 20 637 22 361 4 025 1 771 1 728 767 366 358 1 153 565 412 176

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.9 99.7 99.8 99.8 98.9 83.3 91.2 97.8 98.9 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.3 97.5 98.9 96.8 87.1

.3 .1 – .1 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 2.0 .7 2.6 12.1

1.8 .2 .1 .1 .7 16.3 8.4 1.8 .8 .4 .3 .3 .4 .5 .4 .6 .9

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.5 99.6 99.8 99.8 98.7 83.3 89.9 96.9 98.5 99.0 99.4 99.3 99.1 97.8 98.8 97.1 91.2

.4 .2 – .1 .7 .6 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .3 .4 1.6 .7 2.3 8.2

2.1 .2 .1 .1 .7 16.1 9.5 2.5 1.1 .7 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .6 .7

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

98.3 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.1 83.3 92.6 98.7 99.4 99.7 99.7 99.6 99.4 97.3 99.0 96.5 84.1

.2 .1 – – .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .3 2.2 .7 2.9 14.9

1.5 .2 .1 .1 .7 16.6 7.3 1.2 .5 .3 .2 .3 .3 .5 .3 .6 1.0

Other persons

Total

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

In households

Institutionalized persons

Other persons

Total

In households

Institutionalized persons

Other persons

93.5 98.9 99.6 99.3 95.7 82.8 82.8 87.7 89.4 92.6 96.4 97.3 97.2 95.2 96.8 93.9 86.5

4.2 .8 .1 .4 3.4 5.0 8.3 9.3 8.3 5.6 2.5 1.9 2.1 4.4 2.8 5.9 13.1

2.3 .4 .3 .3 .9 12.1 8.9 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.1 .8 .7 .4 .4 .3 .4

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.8 99.5 99.6 99.6 98.7 87.3 94.0 98.1 98.5 99.0 99.3 99.2 98.9 94.8 97.9 93.6 81.5

1.0 .2 – .2 .6 .4 .7 1.0 .9 .6 .5 .6 .9 5.0 2.0 6.2 18.2

1.2 .3 .3 .2 .7 12.3 5.3 1.0 .6 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4

952 006 898 941 167 083 446 636 924 017 358 685 609 188 972 349 867

21 888 2 299 75 770 1 454 1 075 3 647 3 863 3 377 3 751 1 507 385 332 1 652 639 629 384

18 346 1 570 291 588 691 3 588 5 950 1 975 1 443 2 020 1 016 284 251 249 187 39 23

006 556 960 435 161 292 329 743 848 183 932 234 940 949 550 304 095

6 162 1 030 56 484 490 116 447 552 484 616 339 122 186 2 270 541 915 814

9 880 1 506 327 571 608 2 791 2 730 808 592 749 379 109 71 145 91 32 22

BLACK Con. Percent Distribution

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

AMERICAN INDIAN, ESKIMO, OR ALEUT Age

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

1 959 696 242 346 107 72 165 175 170 276 173 61 51 114 71 33 9

234 967 607 789 571 945 549 577 668 336 531 819 389 453 980 268 205

1 902 690 241 344 104 65 152 168 164 269 170 60 50 110 70 31 7

967 354 123 176 55 37 85 87 82 133 83 29 24 48 31 13 3

186 875 264 299 312 746 043 474 744 788 881 354 192 089 798 017 274

926 351 122 174 53 33 75 81 77 128 81 28 23 46 30 12 2

992 342 119 170 52 35 80 88 87 142 89 32 27 66 40 20 5

048 092 343 490 259 199 506 103 924 548 650 465 197 364 182 251 931

976 339 118 169 51 32 77 86 86 141 88 32 26 63 39 19 5

Percent Distribution

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

ASIAN OR PACIFIC ISLANDER Age

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

129 4 1 1 2 42 53 12 5 5 2

Percent Distribution

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

36

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

385

Section Five: Census Data

Table 26.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Persons in Households and in Group Quarters by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

Male In group quarters

United States Total

In households

059 500 613 380 507 450 441 239 303 994 899 308 642 283 029 690 564

21 7 2 3 1

Institutionalized persons

Female In group quarters

Other persons

Total

In households

059 164 717 593 854 039 500 358 457 329 476 371 956 409 383 529 497

10 3 1 1

Institutionalized persons

In group quarters

Other persons

Total

In households

000 336 896 787 653 411 941 881 846 665 423 937 686 874 646 161 067

10 3 1 1

Institutionalized persons

Other persons

HISPANIC ORIGIN (OF ANY RACE) Age

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

22 7 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

354 757 844 738 174 879 304 341 062 944 709 639 553 161 723 343 94

2 2 1 2 1 1

836 713 834 724 154 815 180 259 999 877 684 631 547 128 713 331 83

827 003 408 171 424 096 413 585 989 058 308 926 285 164 079 430 655

261 693 17 557 717 4 767 12 073 11 729 44 804 50 880 41 760 44 013 14 271 3 864 3 638 29 177 7 477 11 279 10 421

97.7 99.4 99.6 99.6 98.3 92.7 94.6 96.5 97.0 97.7 98.5 98.8 98.9 97.1 98.6 96.4 88.5

1.2 .2 – .1 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.5 .8 .6 .7 2.5 1.0 3.3 11.0

255 26 9 9 8 52 79 30 20 23 11 3 2 3 2

539 940 488 442 010 625 224 774 554 923 320 518 719 942 473 981 488

11 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

388 971 451 908 610 473 261 250 074 486 832 302 254 481 315 132 33

1 1 1 1

990 942 446 900 595 431 163 179 020 427 811 296 250 468 309 127 30

595 338 512 261 565 348 561 433 238 576 002 624 467 008 814 905 289

219 893 13 829 407 3 231 10 191 10 960 41 617 46 594 37 895 39 801 12 437 3 036 2 480 11 244 3 955 4 225 3 064

96.5 99.3 99.6 99.6 97.5 91.2 92.2 94.3 95.0 96.0 97.4 98.1 98.2 97.2 98.2 96.5 90.4

1.9 .3 – .2 1.7 2.3 3.3 3.7 3.5 2.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.3 1.3 3.2 9.1

177 14 4 5 5 30 56 24 16 18 9 2 2 2 1

571 997 798 101 098 731 322 331 324 952 037 711 009 157 614 399 144

10 3 1 1

966 786 392 829 563 406 1 042 1 090 987 1 458 877 336 298 679 407 211 61

846 770 387 823 558 383 1 016 1 080 979 1 449 873 335 296 660 403 203 53

232 665 896 910 859 748 852 152 751 482 306 302 818 156 265 525 366

41 800 3 728 310 1 536 1 882 769 3 187 4 286 3 865 4 212 1 834 828 1 158 17 933 3 522 7 054 7 357

98.9 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.1 94.4 97.5 99.0 99.2 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.4 97.1 98.9 96.4 87.4

.4 .1 – .1 .3 .2 .3 .4 .4 .3 .2 .2 .4 2.6 .9 3.3 12.0

77 11 4 4 2 21 22 6 4 4 2

968 943 690 341 912 894 902 443 230 971 283 807 710 1 785 859 582 344

Percent Distribution

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1.1 .3 .3 .3 .7 6.0 3.4 1.3 1.0 .8 .7 .6 .5 .3 .3 .3 .5

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1.6 .4 .3 .3 .8 6.5 4.5 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 .9 .8 .4 .5 .3 .4

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

.7 .3 .3 .2 .5 5.4 2.2 .6 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .6

WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Age

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

188 43 15 21 6 5 13 15 16 29 20 8 8 27 15 8 2

128 807 031 842 932 412 437 500 320 048 119 576 855 050 538 792 719

296 311 962 951 398 303 924 149 031 871 466 335 087 819 280 789 750

183 43 15 21 6 4 12 15 16 28 19 8 8 25 15 8 2

362 675 017 794 863 481 376 248 128 780 963 503 761 443 254 188 000

643 672 036 668 968 163 111 487 604 489 321 245 965 586 619 178 789

2 313 75 3 28 43 28 97 119 112 159 93 46 64 1 515 239 573 702

717 570 200 916 454 738 908 470 504 469 461 418 968 211 374 239 598

2 451 56 11 19 24 902 963 132 78 108 62 26 28 92 44 31 16

936 069 726 367 976 402 905 192 923 913 684 672 154 022 287 372 363

91 22 7 11 3 2 6 7 8 14 9 4 4 10 6 3

656 511 719 226 566 750 797 784 169 514 926 145 170 885 855 288 741

591 994 323 050 621 827 975 058 821 732 130 689 114 251 570 498 183

89 22 7 11 3 2 6 7 8 14 9 4 4 10 6 3

261 429 711 196 521 276 132 579 016 308 822 102 120 472 735 125 611

010 290 429 052 809 466 597 864 795 394 217 660 300 427 522 521 384

987 51 1 18 30 24 85 101 93 126 63 27 34 380 99 154 126

464 328 807 965 556 229 156 317 473 108 827 331 188 507 274 417 816

1 408 31 6 11 14 450 580 102 59 80 40 15 15 32 20 8 2

117 376 087 033 256 132 222 877 553 230 086 698 626 317 774 560 983

96 21 7 10 3 2 6 7 8 14 10 4 4 16 8 5 1

471 295 312 616 365 661 639 716 150 534 193 430 684 165 682 504 978

705 317 639 901 777 476 949 091 210 139 336 646 973 568 710 291 567

94 21 7 10 3 2 6 7 8 14 10 4 4 14 8 5 1

101 246 305 598 342 204 243 668 111 472 141 400 641 971 519 062 389

633 382 607 616 159 697 514 623 809 095 104 585 665 159 097 657 405

1 326 24 1 9 12 4 12 18 19 33 29 19 30 1 134 140 418 575

253 242 393 951 898 509 752 153 031 361 634 087 780 704 100 822 782

1 043 24 5 8 10 452 383 29 19 28 22 10 12 59 23 22 13

819 693 639 334 720 270 683 315 370 683 598 974 528 705 513 812 380

Percent Distribution

                

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

386

97.5 99.7 99.9 99.8 99.0 82.8 92.1 98.4 98.8 99.1 99.2 99.1 98.9 94.1 98.2 93.1 73.6

1.2 .2 – .1 .6 .5 .7 .8 .7 .5 .5 .5 .7 5.6 1.5 6.5 25.8

1.3 .1 .1 .1 .4 16.7 7.2 .9 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.4 99.6 99.9 99.7 98.7 82.8 90.2 97.4 98.1 98.6 99.0 99.0 98.8 96.2 98.2 95.0 82.5

1.1 .2 – .2 .9 .9 1.3 1.3 1.1 .9 .6 .7 .8 3.5 1.4 4.7 17.1

1.5 .1 .1 .1 .4 16.4 8.5 1.3 .7 .6 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

97.5 99.8 99.9 99.8 99.3 82.8 94.0 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.5 99.3 99.1 92.6 98.1 92.0 70.2

1.4 .1 – .1 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .7 7.0 1.6 7.6 29.1

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

1.1 .1 .1 .1 .3 17.0 5.8 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .3 .4 .7

37

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 27.

Section Five: Census Data

Persons in Households by Relationship to Householder, Age, and Sex: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Householder Family householder

United States All persons

Total

Total

129 241 760 727 754 428 243 703 845 167 352 847 337 966 393 175 398 800 265 739 736 790 963 806 475 426 076 427 511 377 474 360 040 074 329 976 021 991 964 465 437 228 419 091 925 336 960 492 033 135 324

91 947 410 51 775 – – 51 775 444 538 4 553 045 9 018 446 10 831 205 20 393 073 14 303 214 6 079 086 6 300 327 19 972 701 11 516 582 6 786 873 1 669 246 62 274 741 24 301 – – 24 301 211 837 2 731 116 6 222 370 7 836 354 15 024 229 10 605 737 4 426 096 4 378 111 10 814 590 7 043 104 3 180 847 590 639 29 672 669 27 474 – – 27 474 232 701 1 821 929 2 796 076 2 994 851 5 368 844 3 697 477 1 652 990 1 922 216 9 158 111 4 473 478 3 606 026 1 078 607

64 517 947 32 672 – – 32 672 202 033 2 395 709 6 002 083 8 150 602 16 299 818 11 415 583 4 670 236 4 547 773 10 801 438 7 180 147 3 084 715 536 576 50 133 040 15 404 – – 15 404 92 574 1 510 693 4 359 285 6 135 604 12 511 288 9 139 731 3 841 705 3 767 182 8 759 574 5 935 417 2 452 506 371 651 14 384 907 17 268 – – 17 268 109 459 885 016 1 642 798 2 014 998 3 788 530 2 275 852 828 531 780 591 2 041 864 1 244 730 632 209 164 925

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

38.0 .1 6.8 26.0 43.4 50.5 55.0 57.2 58.3 60.0 67.8 64.8 72.3 72.4 53.0 .1 6.4 31.5 60.7 74.4 82.6 87.3 89.0 89.7 89.5 90.4 88.9 82.7 23.8 .1 7.3 20.7 26.6 27.4 28.4 28.8 30.3 34.2 52.7 44.8 62.1 67.7

26.7 .1 3.1 13.7 28.9 38.0 44.0 45.7 44.8 43.3 36.7 40.4 32.9 23.3 42.7 – 2.8 17.4 42.5 58.2 68.8 75.2 77.3 77.2 72.5 76.2 68.5 52.0 11.5 .1 3.4 10.0 15.6 18.5 20.1 17.7 15.2 13.9 11.8 12.5 10.9 10.4

Relatives of householder

Nonrelatives of householder

Nonfamily householder

Married, spouse present

Total

Living alone

Total

Spouse

50 708 322 27 429 463 22 580 420 139 387 342 12 535 19 103 11 194 62 166 144 – – – 21 649 613 – – – 30 913 591 12 535 19 103 11 194 9 602 940 81 618 242 505 102 642 5 528 993 1 490 019 2 157 336 1 082 377 10 460 910 4 479 878 3 016 363 1 988 913 9 729 010 6 309 810 2 680 603 2 002 145 9 267 795 12 655 731 4 093 255 3 272 158 15 104 883 9 183 817 2 887 631 2 427 627 9 938 180 3 886 302 1 408 850 1 254 332 4 128 275 3 812 559 1 752 554 1 614 187 4 003 648 8 796 053 9 171 263 8 824 845 9 059 504 6 009 758 4 336 435 4 131 233 5 998 273 2 440 996 3 702 158 3 595 301 2 469 928 345 299 1 132 670 1 098 311 591 303 46 989 458 12 141 701 9 206 811 49 690 675 8 826 8 897 5 261 31 837 174 – – – 11 082 016 – – – 15 825 199 8 826 8 897 5 261 4 929 959 59 559 119 263 51 786 2 860 439 1 259 664 1 220 423 606 020 4 706 978 3 974 892 1 863 085 1 196 723 2 952 714 5 735 502 1 700 750 1 244 248 1 975 072 11 725 725 2 512 941 1 974 598 2 311 414 8 606 936 1 466 006 1 193 467 1 147 960 3 664 358 584 391 496 348 422 634 3 605 918 610 929 535 746 398 561 8 348 078 2 055 016 1 902 614 1 077 729 5 691 856 1 107 687 1 008 447 623 743 2 322 944 728 341 685 775 345 137 333 278 218 988 208 392 108 849 3 718 864 15 287 762 13 373 609 89 696 667 3 709 10 206 5 933 30 328 970 – – – 10 567 597 – – – 15 088 392 3 709 10 206 5 933 4 672 981 22 059 123 242 50 856 2 668 554 230 355 936 913 476 357 5 753 932 504 986 1 153 278 792 190 6 776 296 574 308 979 853 757 897 7 292 723 930 006 1 580 314 1 297 560 12 793 469 576 881 1 421 625 1 234 160 8 790 220 221 944 824 459 757 984 3 705 641 206 641 1 141 625 1 078 441 3 605 087 447 975 7 116 247 6 922 231 7 981 775 317 902 3 228 748 3 122 786 5 374 530 118 052 2 973 817 2 909 526 2 124 791 12 021 913 682 889 919 482 454

50 708 322 39 072 – – 39 072 217 410 2 348 779 5 493 456 6 892 636 12 737 273 8 833 054 3 684 411 3 534 867 6 927 364 5 094 657 1 669 485 163 222 3 718 884 1 419 – – 1 419 8 407 152 387 437 193 548 303 929 431 598 197 243 378 233 156 567 013 364 868 171 594 30 551 46 989 438 37 653 – – 37 653 209 003 2 196 392 5 056 263 6 344 333 11 807 842 8 234 857 3 441 033 3 301 711 6 360 351 4 729 789 1 497 891 132 671

Other relatives

Child

In family households

In nonfamily households

AGE All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

242 63 22 31 9 6 17 20 21 37 24 10 10 29 17 9 2 117 32 11 16 5 3 8 10 10 18 12 4 4 12 7 3 124 30 10 15 4 3 8 10 10 18 12 5 5 17 9 5 1

012 339 005 433 899 507 483 783 450 071 985 432 497 460 770 384 306 450 412 261 084 065 303 663 256 535 183 155 972 880 087 794 579 714 561 926 744 348 833 203 819 527 915 888 829 460 616 373 976 805 592

76 57 19 29 8 4 6 3 1 1

728 534 526 043 964 805 904 294 749 633 547 128 79 50 47 3

40 29 10 14 4 2 3 1 1

350 500 003 878 618 578 866 959 052 970 304 64 36 18 17

36 28 9 14 4 2 3 1

377 033 522 165 345 226 038 334 697 663 243 63 43 32 29 2

438 750 799 546 405 229 696 016 975 738 511 074 843 606 161 367 78 873 917 849 246 822 372 608 182 168 026 492 187 500 421 586 818 17 565 833 950 300 583 857 088 834 807 712 019 887 343 185 575 549 61

11 4 2 1 1

2

5 2 1

6 2 1

1

950 592 122 870 599 506 207 941 625 733 557 315 388 081 856 797 428 620 334 078 946 309 273 687 556 374 411 245 115 128 492 241 172 78 329 257 044 923 289 232 519 385 250 321 312 200 260 589 615 624 349

582 322 814 045 463 354 435 538 184 872 615 790 938 534 455 076 003 918 838 167 953 718 660 983 339 601 957 271 069 905 295 289 725 281 664 484 647 092 745 694 452 199 583 915 344 721 033 239 166 351 722

4 195 628 206 274 147 221 724 721 575 702 308 85 69 157 87 47 22 2 255 308 104 137 65 98 363 393 324 412 189 52 40 73 46 19 6 1 939 320 101 136 81 123 361 328 251 289 118 33 29 84 40 27 15

531 395 827 011 557 903 203 472 859 112 426 736 454 971 602 666 703 699 143 887 269 987 357 103 170 253 721 719 074 449 710 936 945 829 832 252 940 742 570 546 100 302 606 391 707 662 005 261 666 721 874

6 481 492 149 246 97 311 1 745 1 314 775 871 435 139 123 270 167 79 23 3 229 242 74 122 45 133 862 688 399 434 212 71 63 121 80 33 7 3 252 250 74 123 51 178 882 626 376 436 223 68 60 149 87 46 15

846 927 320 125 482 994 085 775 986 099 532 750 908 790 936 708 146 685 647 836 268 543 330 609 221 747 712 011 707 256 445 577 111 757 161 280 484 857 939 664 476 554 239 387 521 043 652 345 359 597 389

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

38

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

21.0 – 1.3 8.5 21.6 29.4 34.1 36.8 37.3 36.3 29.9 33.8 26.0 15.0 40.0 – 1.8 14.5 38.8 54.4 64.5 70.8 73.7 73.9 69.1 73.0 64.9 46.7 3.0 – .7 2.6 4.8 5.3 4.9 4.5 4.1 3.7 2.6 3.2 2.0 .8

11.3 – 3.7 12.3 14.5 12.5 11.0 11.6 13.5 16.7 31.1 24.4 39.5 49.1 10.3 – 3.6 14.1 18.2 16.1 13.8 12.1 11.8 12.5 17.0 14.2 20.4 30.7 12.3 – 3.8 10.6 11.0 9.0 8.4 11.1 15.1 20.3 41.0 32.4 51.2 57.4

9.3 – 1.6 6.2 9.6 9.3 8.8 9.7 12.0 15.4 30.0 23.2 38.3 47.6 7.8 – 1.6 7.0 11.7 11.8 10.9 9.8 10.0 11.0 15.7 12.9 19.2 29.2 10.7 – 1.6 5.4 7.5 6.9 6.9 9.6 13.9 19.2 39.8 31.3 50.1 55.9

57.6 98.1 85.0 59.8 46.8 43.2 40.7 39.8 39.6 38.1 30.8 33.8 26.3 25.6 42.3 98.2 86.6 54.3 28.8 18.7 12.7 9.4 8.5 8.2 8.9 8.0 9.6 15.2 72.0 98.1 83.3 65.2 64.4 66.8 67.7 68.5 67.9 64.2 45.9 53.9 36.6 30.3

21.0 .1 3.3 13.4 26.4 32.1 34.4 35.4 35.3 33.7 23.5 28.7 17.8 7.1 3.2 – .3 1.8 4.3 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.3 37.7 .1 6.5 24.9 48.0 58.1 62.5 64.2 63.0 58.8 36.6 47.4 25.8 8.3

31.7 90.8 73.8 39.5 15.8 8.2 4.4 2.2 1.2 .8 .2 .3 – – 34.4 91.0 78.0 44.6 19.1 10.0 5.3 2.5 1.3 .7 .2 .2 – – 29.2 90.6 69.5 34.4 12.7 6.4 3.5 1.9 1.2 .8 .2 .3 – –

4.9 7.3 7.8 6.9 4.5 2.9 2.0 2.2 3.0 3.7 7.1 4.8 8.5 18.6 4.8 7.2 8.3 7.9 5.4 3.6 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.6 4.1 3.1 4.8 11.0 5.1 7.3 7.3 5.9 3.7 2.3 1.7 2.4 3.7 4.6 9.1 6.2 10.8 22.0

1.7 1.0 3.4 4.1 3.5 2.7 1.9 1.2 .8 .7 .5 .5 .5 1.0 1.9 1.0 3.0 4.2 3.8 3.1 2.3 1.6 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .6 1.0 1.6 1.0 3.9 4.1 3.1 2.3 1.5 .9 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 1.0

2.7 .8 4.8 10.0 6.3 3.6 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.2 .9 .9 .8 1.0 2.7 .7 4.0 10.0 6.7 3.8 2.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 .9 1.1 2.6 .8 5.6 10.0 6.0 3.4 2.3 1.7 1.2 1.1 .9 .9 .8 1.0

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

387

Section Five: Census Data

Table 28.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

White Persons in Households by Relationship to Householder, Age, and Sex: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Householder Family householder

United States All persons

Total

Total

440 649 462 021 166 059 449 729 407 814 515 962 060 796 070 492 234 328 359 089 762 508 140 944 724 768 955 486 424 239 289 349 439 501 112 290 373 259 658 919 505 005 639 859 029 538 821 507 721 053 733

76 880 105 34 374 – – 34 374 340 194 3 584 250 7 236 083 8 720 642 16 650 515 11 894 419 5 144 351 5 446 098 17 829 179 10 185 437 6 129 342 1 514 400 53 761 843 16 840 – – 16 840 171 653 2 262 048 5 232 406 6 611 410 12 776 488 9 137 008 3 873 654 3 897 423 9 782 913 6 356 824 2 893 881 532 208 23 118 262 17 534 – – 17 534 168 541 1 322 202 2 003 677 2 109 232 3 874 027 2 757 411 1 270 697 1 548 675 8 046 266 3 828 613 3 235 461 982 192

53 461 645 20 468 – – 20 468 136 241 1 763 245 4 712 595 6 493 846 13 261 300 9 521 982 3 977 713 3 961 998 9 612 257 6 378 604 2 762 635 471 018 43 615 704 10 736 – – 10 736 72 356 1 233 824 3 669 435 5 196 138 10 693 660 7 938 873 3 397 421 3 393 138 8 010 123 5 421 504 2 252 966 335 653 9 845 941 9 732 – – 9 732 63 885 529 421 1 043 160 1 297 708 2 567 640 1 583 109 580 292 568 860 1 602 134 957 100 509 669 135 365

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

39.5 .1 7.0 26.7 44.3 50.9 55.0 56.9 57.9 59.8 68.0 64.7 72.8 73.5 56.7 .1 6.9 33.9 64.2 77.6 84.9 88.9 90.4 91.0 90.6 91.5 90.0 84.1 23.2 .1 7.1 19.7 24.4 24.5 25.4 25.9 27.6 32.1 52.2 43.6 62.1 68.7

27.5 – 2.8 13.2 28.8 37.9 43.8 45.5 44.7 43.5 36.7 40.5 32.8 22.9 46.0 – 2.9 18.5 45.0 61.0 71.1 77.2 79.3 79.2 74.2 78.1 70.1 53.1 9.9 – 2.7 7.9 12.7 15.1 16.8 14.9 12.6 11.8 10.4 10.9 9.8 9.5

Relatives of householder

Nonrelatives of householder

Nonfamily householder

Married, spouse present

Total

Living alone

Total

Spouse

44 383 489 23 418 460 19 314 376 109 780 405 10 184 13 906 8 014 46 680 923 – – – 16 169 196 – – – 23 285 224 10 184 13 906 8 014 7 226 503 68 888 203 953 83 590 4 118 490 1 252 408 1 821 005 889 435 7 853 789 3 816 007 2 523 488 1 643 796 7 555 444 5 376 727 2 226 796 1 653 700 7 421 785 10 860 789 3 389 215 2 701 379 12 497 772 8 006 431 2 372 437 1 991 175 8 484 510 3 451 385 1 166 638 1 040 581 3 582 859 3 449 349 1 484 100 1 371 472 3 525 582 8 091 321 8 216 922 7 931 234 8 059 251 5 517 614 3 806 833 3 639 809 5 356 391 2 257 877 3 366 707 3 277 955 2 193 584 315 830 1 043 382 1 013 470 509 276 41 344 294 10 146 139 7 673 442 37 142 838 7 371 6 104 3 544 23 987 254 – – – 8 300 903 – – – 11 961 841 7 371 6 104 3 544 3 724 510 51 377 99 297 42 011 2 140 283 1 071 466 1 028 224 500 420 3 465 363 3 412 221 1 562 971 995 193 2 107 493 4 919 415 1 415 272 1 031 053 1 396 206 10 114 747 2 082 828 1 633 538 1 681 189 7 535 016 1 198 135 972 929 863 417 3 265 742 476 233 404 599 324 510 3 272 286 504 285 442 894 311 108 7 694 653 1 772 790 1 647 261 866 015 5 237 408 935 320 854 207 495 239 2 152 080 640 915 605 505 281 465 305 165 196 555 187 549 89 311 3 039 195 13 272 321 11 640 934 72 637 567 2 813 7 802 4 470 22 693 669 – – – 7 868 293 – – – 11 323 383 2 813 7 802 4 470 3 501 993 17 511 104 656 41 579 1 978 207 180 942 792 781 389 015 4 388 426 403 786 960 517 648 603 5 447 951 457 312 811 524 622 647 6 025 579 746 042 1 306 387 1 067 841 10 816 583 471 415 1 174 302 1 018 246 7 621 093 185 643 690 405 635 982 3 258 349 177 063 979 815 928 578 3 214 474 396 668 6 444 132 6 283 973 7 193 236 280 206 2 871 513 2 785 602 4 861 152 105 797 2 725 792 2 672 450 1 912 119 10 665 846 827 825 921 419 965

44 282 151 31 788 – – 31 788 185 379 1 987 613 4 665 720 5 854 562 10 908 211 7 730 869 3 286 448 3 210 638 6 420 923 4 713 804 1 556 849 150 270 3 025 177 1 006 – – 1 006 6 573 117 524 345 158 432 584 740 157 483 861 202 547 198 791 496 976 318 673 151 780 26 523 41 256 974 30 782 – – 30 782 178 806 1 870 089 4 320 562 5 421 978 10 168 054 7 247 008 3 083 901 3 011 847 5 923 947 4 395 131 1 405 069 123 747

Child

Other relatives

587 746 950 328 468 811 577 063 155 795 098 487 342 513 810 646 57 867 928 178 694 056 561 625 865 670 969 127 585 114 423 822 591 10 720 818 772 634 412 250 952 198 485 826 971 902 228 090 988 055 47

6 907 667 2 308 389 1 076 246 931 896 300 247 278 300 679 599 529 661 340 068 398 766 329 543 194 924 250 602 1 597 815 604 777 634 089 358 949 3 122 794 1 179 320 548 725 475 147 155 448 150 149 389 214 317 470 206 952 226 063 144 429 71 378 83 203 354 616 162 744 129 094 62 778 3 784 873 1 129 069 527 521 456 749 144 799 128 151 290 385 212 191 133 116 172 703 185 114 123 546 167 399 1 243 199 442 033 504 995 296 171

30.1 93.4 75.0 38.7 14.4 7.2 3.9 2.0 1.1 .7 .2 .2 – – 32.7 93.6 79.8 44.3 17.7 8.9 4.8 2.3 1.2 .7 .1 .2 – – 27.7 93.2 70.0 33.1 11.2 5.5 3.1 1.8 1.1 .7 .2 .3 – –

3.5 4.9 5.7 5.1 3.2 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.7 6.1 3.8 7.5 17.4 3.3 4.8 6.0 5.8 3.9 2.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 3.3 2.3 4.0 9.9 3.8 4.9 5.4 4.3 2.6 1.5 1.1 1.7 2.7 3.5 8.1 5.0 9.7 20.7

In family households

In nonfamily households

AGE All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

194 47 16 23 7 4 13 16 17 30 20 8 9 26 15 8 2 94 24 8 12 3 2 6 8 8 15 10 4 4 10 6 3 99 23 7 11 3 2 6 8 8 15 10 4 4 15 8 5 1

671 476 398 647 431 873 406 349 131 286 920 890 114 221 736 424 061 894 374 416 141 816 484 679 148 521 046 278 284 282 793 945 215 632 777 102 982 505 614 388 726 201 609 239 642 606 831 428 790 209 428

58 44 15 22 6 3 5 2 1 1

590 340 092 353 894 654 186 360 227 190 424 101 64 40 37 2

30 22 7 11 3 1 2 1

994 806 752 486 568 983 958 444 756 714 235 50 29 14 13

27 21 7 10 3 1 2

595 533 340 866 326 671 227 915 470 475 188 50 35 26 23 2

2 678 385 118 171 96 153 479 464 361 438 191 52 42 108 56 34 17 1 393 186 59 85 41 65 231 246 198 249 113 30 24 47 29 13 4 1 284 198 58 85 54 88 248 217 162 188 77 21 18 61 27 21 13

107 876 036 192 648 876 727 240 040 372 438 117 723 698 295 486 917 917 914 608 401 905 189 192 557 101 559 883 857 346 319 186 351 782 190 962 428 791 743 687 535 683 939 813 555 260 377 379 109 135 135

5 332 375 111 190 73 260 1 488 1 093 627 700 350 111 99 224 137 67 19 2 595 183 55 94 33 107 721 562 316 339 164 55 49 97 64 26 6 2 737 192 55 96 40 153 767 531 311 360 185 56 50 127 73 40 13

823 476 230 605 641 499 683 962 940 155 148 635 657 668 947 080 641 730 351 578 520 253 015 341 268 051 719 178 403 362 042 100 742 200 093 125 652 085 388 484 342 694 889 436 970 232 295 626 847 338 441

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

388

22.8 – 1.4 9.3 23.3 31.4 35.9 38.3 38.8 37.8 30.9 35.1 26.8 15.3 43.6 – 2.1 16.0 41.9 57.7 67.2 73.3 76.2 76.4 71.3 75.4 66.9 48.2 3.0 – .7 2.7 4.9 5.3 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.7 2.6 3.2 2.0 .7

12.0 – 4.2 13.6 15.4 13.0 11.2 11.3 13.1 16.3 31.3 24.2 40.0 50.6 10.7 – 4.0 15.4 19.2 16.6 13.8 11.7 11.1 11.8 16.4 13.5 19.9 31.1 13.3 – 4.4 11.8 11.7 9.4 8.6 11.0 15.0 20.3 41.8 32.7 52.3 59.3

9.9 – 1.7 6.6 10.1 9.7 8.9 9.5 11.7 15.0 30.2 23.1 38.9 49.2 8.1 – 1.7 7.5 12.2 12.1 10.9 9.5 9.4 10.3 15.3 12.3 18.8 29.7 11.7 – 1.7 5.8 7.9 7.2 7.0 9.6 13.8 19.2 40.7 31.7 51.3 57.8

56.4 98.3 84.5 58.6 46.2 43.3 41.3 40.6 40.3 38.7 30.7 34.0 26.0 24.7 39.1 98.4 86.2 51.9 25.9 16.4 11.2 8.4 7.6 7.3 8.0 7.1 8.8 14.1 72.8 98.2 82.8 65.2 66.4 70.0 71.0 71.6 70.7 66.5 46.6 55.3 36.7 29.4

22.7 .1 3.8 14.8 28.5 34.2 36.0 37.0 37.0 35.2 24.5 30.0 18.5 7.3 3.2 – .3 1.8 4.2 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.2 41.3 .1 7.5 27.8 52.7 63.0 66.7 68.1 66.9 62.3 38.4 50.0 27.0 8.7

1.4 .8 3.2 3.6 2.8 2.1 1.4 .9 .6 .5 .4 .4 .4 .9 1.5 .8 2.6 3.5 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.1 .7 .6 .4 .4 .4 .8 1.3 .9 3.7 3.7 2.7 1.9 1.2 .7 .5 .4 .4 .3 .4 .9

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

2.7 .8 5.3 11.1 6.7 3.7 2.3 1.7 1.3 1.1 .9 .9 .8 1.0 2.7 .8 4.3 10.8 6.9 3.7 2.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 .9 .9 .8 1.0 2.7 .8 6.4 11.4 6.5 3.6 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .9

39

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 29. Black Persons in Households by Relationship to Householder, Age, and Sex: 1990 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

Nonfamily householder

Family householder

United States All persons

Total

Total

Nonrelatives of householder

Relatives of householder

Householder

Married, spouse present

Total

Total

Living alone

Child

Spouse

Other relatives

In family households

In nonfamily households

AGE All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

722 227 504 188 319 428 702 290 482 470 963 656 2 283 910 2 522 824 2 527 366 4 046 266 2 532 238 1 015 789 944 023 2 381 967 1 464 987 725 948 191 032 13 255 525 4 793 992 1 678 218 2 372 831 742 943 468 824 1 042 717 1 128 059 1 118 131 1 805 001 1 131 842 444 634 402 806 919 519 598 060 262 096 59 363 15 466 702 4 710 196 1 641 210 2 329 459 739 527 494 832 1 241 193 1 394 765 1 409 235 2 241 265 1 400 396 571 155 541 217 1 462 448 866 927 463 852 131 669

28 9 3 4 1

9 976 161 10 892 – – 10 892 63 199 586 512 1 087 209 1 308 535 2 363 511 1 581 500 655 644 627 174 1 691 985 1 033 694 531 038 127 253 4 899 584 4 395 – – 4 395 18 671 226 780 496 688 632 624 1 224 578 858 345 353 976 326 158 757 369 497 590 215 476 44 303 5 076 577 6 497 – – 6 497 44 528 359 732 590 521 675 911 1 138 933 723 155 301 668 301 016 934 616 536 104 315 562 82 950

6 986 624 7 554 – – 7 554 41 749 385 665 769 576 996 691 1 846 501 1 179 191 462 235 408 667 888 795 591 345 246 172 51 278 3 491 868 2 704 – – 2 704 8 595 120 388 316 044 444 637 917 233 653 302 267 895 239 137 521 933 353 658 142 353 25 922 3 494 756 4 850 – – 4 850 33 154 265 277 453 532 552 054 929 268 525 889 194 340 169 530 366 862 237 687 103 819 25 356

3 410 345 1 076 – – 1 076 4 898 107 981 314 460 449 486 907 737 641 504 262 638 231 834 488 731 337 671 130 135 20 925 2 967 268 775 – – 775 2 949 80 724 254 563 376 949 790 027 569 106 236 075 209 322 446 778 307 223 119 776 19 779 443 077 301 – – 301 1 949 27 257 59 897 72 537 117 710 72 398 26 563 22 512 41 953 30 448 10 359 1 146

2 989 537 3 338 – – 3 338 21 450 200 847 317 633 311 844 517 010 402 309 193 409 218 507 803 190 442 349 284 866 75 975 1 407 716 1 691 – – 1 691 10 076 106 392 180 644 187 987 307 345 205 043 86 081 87 021 235 436 143 932 73 123 18 381 1 581 821 1 647 – – 1 647 11 374 94 455 136 989 123 857 209 665 197 266 107 328 131 486 567 754 298 417 211 743 57 594

2 536 353 2 275 – – 2 275 12 064 129 310 239 962 251 496 432 411 346 795 171 950 198 140 751 950 410 354 269 375 72 221 1 140 836 1 170 – – 1 170 5 731 66 401 131 960 148 015 252 129 172 280 73 784 76 154 213 212 128 885 67 227 17 100 1 395 517 1 105 – – 1 105 6 333 62 909 108 002 103 481 180 282 174 515 98 166 121 986 538 738 281 469 202 148 55 121

711 037 309 153 575 932 595 1 157 1 311 1 483 1 943 408 165 680 627 615 438 7 542 419 4 683 053 1 638 986 2 323 117 720 950 428 112 707 895 502 563 369 107 420 211 190 354 63 596 54 198 123 330 74 145 36 787 12 398 9 756 292 4 596 984 1 603 323 2 280 036 713 625 422 820 774 700 700 594 650 204 1 002 272 630 589 254 812 226 967 496 350 312 482 138 828 45 040

17 9 3 4 1

298 280 242 603 434 850 482 203 019 422 820 318 281 619 386 175 57

3 319 653 10 906 346 7 608 181 2 032 – 2 472 538 – 3 901 926 1 233 717 2 032 712 370 10 193 1 082 021 147 644 637 499 368 522 385 976 485 504 339 873 895 656 97 139 601 732 21 710 239 947 12 942 206 934 8 635 361 489 7 992 265 919 627 85 484 16 10 086 5 590 763 459 663 3 844 071 248 – 1 250 694 – 1 972 537 620 840 248 362 409 815 557 894 18 969 341 013 54 302 214 345 70 913 195 180 122 499 55 040 79 102 11 159 30 023 6 224 26 197 3 428 56 595 3 237 37 194 186 16 198 5 3 203 5 315 583 2 859 990 3 764 110 1 784 – 1 221 844 – 1 929 389 612 877 1 784 349 961 9 378 524 127 128 675 296 486 314 220 171 631 414 591 144 693 773 157 42 099 522 630 10 551 209 924 6 718 180 737 5 207 304 894 4 755 228 725 441 69 286 11 6 883

3 072 712 1 669 824 769 771 701 227 198 826 128 369 252 930 197 136 147 831 186 954 122 072 56 751 61 289 249 556 112 716 89 504 47 336 1 491 993 838 734 388 292 350 580 99 862 64 888 131 032 107 248 83 849 102 532 56 212 22 414 21 777 63 307 33 714 20 403 9 190 1 580 719 831 090 381 479 350 647 98 964 63 481 121 898 89 888 63 982 84 422 65 860 34 337 39 512 186 249 79 002 69 101 38 146

710 617 824 109 684 603 082 956 071 374 318 672 491 526 035 033 458 476 766 69 926 27 020 31 830 11 076 11 662 51 424 71 767 72 408 103 246 50 919 14 928 11 555 18 931 12 904 4 629 1 398 339 944 69 691 25 804 31 279 12 608 14 941 50 658 54 189 46 663 54 128 22 399 6 744 5 936 14 595 8 131 4 404 2 060

816 139 52 63 23 26 102 125 119 157 73 21 17 33 21 9 3

645 642 295 028 319 922 721 502 449 898 477 065 193 776 631 262 883 336 756 36 618 12 212 17 884 6 522 10 379 56 618 57 041 43 992 56 966 32 224 12 134 10 895 19 889 13 421 5 204 1 264 293 889 37 024 12 083 18 144 6 797 12 543 56 103 49 461 36 457 45 932 24 253 7 931 7 298 16 887 10 210 5 058 1 619

630 73 24 36 13 22 112 106 80 102 56 20 18 36 23 10 2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

40

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

34.7 .1 6.6 25.7 43.1 51.8 58.4 62.5 64.5 66.4 71.0 70.6 73.2 66.6 37.0 .1 4.0 21.7 44.0 56.6 67.8 75.8 79.6 81.0 82.4 83.2 82.2 74.6 32.8 .1 9.0 29.0 42.3 48.0 50.8 51.6 52.8 55.6 63.9 61.8 68.0 63.0

24.3 .1 4.3 16.9 30.5 39.4 45.6 46.6 45.5 43.3 37.3 40.4 33.9 26.8 26.3 .1 1.8 11.5 28.0 39.8 50.8 57.7 60.3 59.4 56.8 59.1 54.3 43.7 22.6 .1 6.7 21.4 32.5 39.2 41.5 37.6 34.0 31.3 25.1 27.4 22.4 19.3

11.9 – .5 4.7 12.5 17.8 22.4 25.3 25.9 24.6 20.5 23.0 17.9 11.0 22.4 – .6 7.7 22.6 33.7 43.8 50.3 53.1 52.0 48.6 51.4 45.7 33.3 2.9 – .4 2.2 4.3 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.7 4.2 2.9 3.5 2.2 .9

10.4 – 2.2 8.8 12.6 12.3 12.8 15.9 19.0 23.1 33.7 30.2 39.2 39.8 10.6 – 2.1 10.2 16.0 16.8 17.0 18.1 19.4 21.6 25.6 24.1 27.9 31.0 10.2 – 2.3 7.6 9.8 8.8 9.4 14.1 18.8 24.3 38.8 34.4 45.6 43.7

8.8 – 1.3 5.7 9.5 10.0 10.7 13.7 16.9 21.0 31.6 28.0 37.1 37.8 8.6 – 1.2 6.4 11.7 13.2 14.0 15.2 16.6 18.9 23.2 21.6 25.6 28.8 9.0 – 1.3 5.1 7.7 7.3 8.0 12.5 17.2 22.5 36.8 32.5 43.6 41.9

60.2 97.6 88.3 64.9 47.7 40.3 35.2 32.4 31.3 29.8 26.0 26.4 24.2 30.1 56.9 97.7 91.3 67.9 44.6 33.0 23.3 16.8 14.3 13.5 13.4 12.4 14.0 20.9 63.1 97.6 85.4 62.4 50.2 46.1 44.7 45.0 44.6 41.9 33.9 36.0 29.9 34.2

11.6 – 1.1 6.5 14.6 19.2 22.1 23.8 23.6 21.9 15.2 18.2 11.8 5.3 3.5 – .2 1.8 4.8 6.3 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.4

38.0 80.1 73.9 47.4 25.3 15.3 8.4 3.8 2.1 1.4 .4 .5 .1 –

18.5 – 1.9 10.4 22.5 29.4 34.5 37.3 36.8 33.4 20.8 26.4 14.9 5.2

34.4 79.9 70.7 42.2 21.3 12.2 6.5 3.0 1.8 1.2 .4 .5 .1 –

42.2 80.2 77.3 53.5 30.2 19.2 10.8 4.9 2.5 1.5 .4 .5 .1 –

10.7 17.6 13.3 11.1 7.8 5.8 4.6 4.8 5.6 6.5 10.5 7.7 12.3 24.8 11.3 17.5 13.8 12.6 9.5 7.5 5.7 5.0 5.0 5.4 6.9 5.6 7.8 15.5 10.2 17.6 12.8 9.8 6.4 4.5 3.8 4.7 6.0 7.3 12.7 9.1 14.9 29.0

2.8 1.5 2.8 4.5 5.0 4.7 3.9 2.9 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.8 3.6 1.5 2.5 4.9 6.4 6.5 5.7 4.5 3.4 2.9 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.2 1.5 3.0 4.1 3.9 3.3 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 .9 .9 1.6

2.2 .8 2.4 4.9 4.2 3.2 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 2.5 .8 2.2 5.4 5.1 3.9 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.9 .8 2.5 4.5 3.5 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

389

Section Five: Census Data

Table 30.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Persons in Households by Relationship to Householder, Age, and Sex: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Householder Family householder

United States

Relatives of householder Nonfamily householder

Total

Total

Married, spouse present

Total

Living alone

958 562 858 376 328 375 775 379 772 200 290 919 549 137 522 653 962 952 006 898 941 167 083 446 636 924 017 358 685 609 188 972 349 867 006 556 960 435 161 292 329 743 848 183 932 234 940 949 550 304 095

591 372 742 – – 742 5 264 39 367 69 033 80 520 148 317 100 356 37 548 32 803 77 422 48 640 23 236 5 546 366 438 305 – – 305 2 299 21 822 42 829 51 377 97 315 66 520 24 233 20 257 39 481 26 872 10 438 2 171 224 934 437 – – 437 2 965 17 545 26 204 29 143 51 002 33 836 13 315 12 546 37 941 21 768 12 798 3 375

442 161 431 – – 431 2 948 26 312 52 518 64 790 120 965 78 401 28 085 23 077 44 634 30 387 11 828 2 419 288 587 148 – – 148 1 132 13 889 32 025 40 924 79 882 54 928 19 823 16 210 29 626 20 751 7 507 1 368 153 574 283 – – 283 1 816 12 423 20 493 23 866 41 083 23 473 8 262 6 867 15 008 9 636 4 321 1 051

283 818 98 – – 98 938 12 912 30 921 40 645 79 159 54 734 19 814 16 174 28 423 20 364 6 970 1 089 251 145 50 – – 50 643 10 421 26 386 35 260 70 076 49 313 18 026 14 760 26 210 18 721 6 457 1 032 32 673 48 – – 48 295 2 491 4 535 5 385 9 083 5 421 1 788 1 414 2 213 1 643 513 57

149 211 311 – – 311 2 316 13 055 16 515 15 730 27 352 21 955 9 463 9 726 32 788 18 253 11 408 3 127 77 851 157 – – 157 1 167 7 933 10 804 10 453 17 433 11 592 4 410 4 047 9 855 6 121 2 931 803 71 360 154 – – 154 1 149 5 122 5 711 5 277 9 919 10 363 5 053 5 679 22 933 12 132 8 477 2 324

115 992 167 – – 167 1 061 6 746 10 267 10 970 20 577 17 869 8 308 8 819 31 208 17 172 11 005 3 031 57 519 89 – – 89 549 4 092 6 712 7 321 13 095 9 272 3 743 3 559 9 087 5 570 2 755 762 58 473 78 – – 78 512 2 654 3 555 3 649 7 482 8 597 4 565 5 260 22 121 11 602 8 250 2 269

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

31.1 .1 8.1 25.8 41.0 48.9 55.1 58.9 61.6 64.9 70.3 69.0 73.4 69.7 39.5 .1 6.9 28.9 52.5 65.9 76.0 81.8 84.5 85.8 85.5 86.8 84.5 75.7 23.0 .1 9.2 22.7 30.2 33.6 36.1 38.0 41.3 46.6 59.3 55.0 66.3 66.2

23.2 .1 4.5 17.2 31.2 39.3 44.9 46.0 46.1 45.7 40.5 43.1 37.4 30.4 31.1 – 3.4 18.4 39.2 52.5 62.4 67.5 69.1 68.7 64.1 67.0 60.8 47.7 15.7 .1 5.6 16.1 23.6 27.5 29.1 26.4 25.6 25.5 23.5 24.4 22.4 20.6

14.9 – 1.4 8.5 18.4 24.7 29.4 32.1 32.5 32.0 25.8 28.9 22.0 13.7 27.1 – 1.9 13.8 32.3 45.2 54.7 60.6 62.8 62.5 56.7 60.4 52.3 36.0 3.3 – .9 3.2 5.2 6.2 6.4 6.1 5.5 5.2 3.5 4.2 2.7 1.1

7.8 – 3.5 8.5 9.8 9.5 10.2 12.9 15.5 19.2 29.8 25.9 36.0 39.3 8.4 – 3.5 10.5 13.2 13.4 13.6 14.2 15.4 17.1 21.3 19.8 23.7 28.0 7.3 – 3.6 6.6 6.6 6.1 7.0 11.7 15.7 21.1 35.9 30.7 43.9 45.6

6.1 – 1.6 4.4 6.1 6.7 7.6 10.5 13.6 17.4 28.3 24.3 34.8 38.1 6.2 – 1.7 5.4 8.2 9.4 10.2 11.4 13.0 15.1 19.7 18.0 22.3 26.6 6.0 – 1.6 3.4 4.1 4.2 5.3 9.7 14.2 19.5 34.6 29.3 42.7 44.5

All persons

Nonrelatives of householder

Total

Spouse

631 557 076 364 117 714 371 255 699 278 761 337 278 381 308 834 239 365 360 052 453 855 075 742 675 692 021 522 295 511 472 230 627 615 266 197 024 911 262 639 629 580 007 257 239 042 767 909 078 207 624

284 695 362 – – 362 2 226 18 837 37 453 44 887 79 054 50 862 17 659 13 156 20 199 15 374 4 337 488 27 105 16 – – 16 132 1 577 3 617 4 356 7 307 4 848 1 678 1 274 2 300 1 544 614 142 257 590 346 – – 346 2 094 17 260 33 836 40 531 71 747 46 014 15 981 11 882 17 899 13 830 3 723 346

62.9 97.1 82.2 60.5 47.1 41.7 38.0 36.3 35.0 32.2 27.6 28.8 24.7 28.1 54.3 97.3 84.9 58.0 35.1 24.0 16.4 12.9 11.5 10.6 11.8 10.4 13.2 21.5 71.0 96.9 79.4 62.9 58.3 57.6 57.6 57.6 56.0 51.1 39.0 43.2 32.2 31.9

15.0 .1 3.4 12.3 22.2 27.2 29.4 29.9 29.0 26.0 18.3 21.8 13.7 6.1 2.9 – .4 2.1 4.4 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 26.4 .1 6.5 22.3 39.0 46.7 50.8 51.7 49.6 44.1 28.0 35.0 19.3 6.8

Child

Other relatives

In family households

In nonfamily households

AGE All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

1 902 690 241 344 104 65 152 168 164 269 170 60 50 110 70 31 7 926 351 122 174 53 33 75 81 77 128 81 28 23 46 30 12 2 976 339 118 169 51 32 77 86 86 141 88 32 26 63 39 19 5

1 196 670 236 335 99 53 92 79 68 102 61 21 16 30 20 7 2 503 341 120 170 50 28 43 28 18 21 10 3 2 5 3 1 693 329 116 164 48 25 48 50 50 81 51 18 13 24 17 6 1

758 585 197 299 88 44 59 31 16 14 4

397 297 100 152 45 24 33 18 10 8 2

360 287 96 147 42 20 25 12 6 5 2

135 433 069 973 391 441 120 091 741 898 744 911 473 283 265 18 – 262 984 201 326 457 111 928 640 126 977 690 477 227 102 94 8 – 873 449 868 647 934 330 192 451 615 921 054 434 246 181 171 10 –

153 84 39 35 10 7 14 10 7 8 6 2 2 9 4 3 1 78 43 19 18 5 3 8 6 4 4 2 1 1 3 1 1 74 41 19 17 4 3 6 4 2 3 3 1 1 6 3 2 1

801 762 007 391 364 047 414 711 071 326 155 767 649 899 669 479 751 998 360 851 127 382 832 237 418 210 737 984 140 010 070 592 005 473 803 402 156 264 982 215 177 293 861 589 171 627 639 829 077 474 278

64 12 3 5 3 3 10 11 9 10 3 1

33 6 1 2 1 1 5 5 4 5 2

31 6 1 2 1 2 5 5 4 4 1

524 623 903 674 046 711 973 428 160 161 882 938 627 021 670 257 94 435 136 964 806 366 597 152 841 857 822 441 600 391 598 425 132 41 089 487 939 868 680 114 821 587 303 339 441 338 236 423 245 125 53

50 6 1 3 1 2 10 8 6 8 4 1 1

23 3 1 1 4 4 2 3 1

26 3 1 1 5 4 3 4 2

431 640 879 338 423 686 064 663 393 444 291 096 841 313 904 326 83 714 205 882 682 641 112 730 291 998 859 875 557 450 637 445 152 40 717 435 997 656 782 574 334 372 395 585 416 539 391 676 459 174 43

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

390

39.8 84.8 68.0 38.7 18.5 10.2 5.5 2.8 1.5 .9 .3 .4 .1 – 42.9 84.9 72.9 45.0 22.8 13.0 7.0 3.3 1.7 1.0 .2 .3 .1 – 37.0 84.7 63.0 32.6 14.4 7.6 4.2 2.3 1.3 .9 .3 .4 .1 –

8.1 12.3 10.8 9.4 6.4 4.3 3.1 3.6 4.5 5.2 9.0 6.6 11.0 22.0 8.5 12.4 11.6 10.9 7.9 5.4 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.3 6.6 5.1 8.1 16.5 7.7 12.2 10.0 8.0 4.9 3.3 2.5 3.6 5.0 6.1 10.7 7.8 12.8 25.1

3.4 1.8 5.7 7.2 6.8 5.6 3.8 2.3 1.5 1.2 .9 1.0 .8 1.2 3.6 1.7 4.8 6.8 7.2 6.2 4.5 3.0 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 3.2 1.9 6.5 7.5 6.4 5.0 3.1 1.6 1.0 .9 .7 .6 .6 1.0

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

2.7 1.0 4.1 6.6 5.1 3.9 3.1 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 2.6 .9 3.4 6.3 5.3 3.8 3.0 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 2.7 1.0 4.9 6.9 5.0 3.9 3.2 2.7 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.2 .9 .8

41

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 31.

Section Five: Census Data

Asian or Pacific Islander Persons in Households by Relationship to Householder, Age, and Sex: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Householder Family householder

United States

Relatives of householder

Nonrelatives of householder

Nonfamily householder

All persons

Total

Total

Married, spouse present

All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

7 120 735 2 076 684 710 447 1 024 182 342 055 214 936 576 822 676 159 718 547 1 234 115 713 888 249 266 217 015 443 303 297 408 120 008 25 887 3 469 336 1 059 379 362 448 520 317 176 614 111 222 293 157 332 080 344 387 577 700 345 335 112 740 93 329 200 007 132 159 56 545 11 303

2 013 735 1 348 – – 1 348 10 737 108 375 218 301 297 021 584 616 371 877 122 189 98 555 200 716 132 878 56 008 11 830 1 534 921 763 – – 763 5 857 65 837 158 743 233 921 467 930 298 515 93 868 72 231 137 256 93 333 37 022 6 901

1 559 043 865 – – 865 4 040 42 769 130 431 228 373 500 029 327 700 103 492 79 338 142 006 99 018 36 590 6 398 1 279 456 465 – – 465 2 158 26 489 99 991 188 448 416 018 274 984 86 206 65 485 119 212 82 810 31 226 5 176

1 265 598 183 – – 183 862 19 559 96 339 190 842 420 778 272 809 85 084 64 438 114 704 80 677 29 438 4 589 1 176 909 117 – – 117 568 14 790 82 251 172 871 392 619 259 672 81 237 61 655 111 129 77 841 28 768 4 520

454 692 483 – – 483 6 697 65 606 87 870 68 648 84 587 44 177 18 697 19 217 58 710 33 860 19 418 5 432 255 465 298 – – 298 3 699 39 348 58 752 45 473 51 912 23 531 7 662 6 746 18 044 10 523 5 796 1 725

328 330 295 – – 295 2 723 31 331 54 623 49 223 65 463 36 125 16 241 17 252 55 054 31 586 18 321 5 147 174 915 187 – – 187 1 586 18 677 35 763 32 201 39 430 18 700 6 371 5 778 16 222 9 450 5 197 1 575

4 715 174 2 042 405 700 480 1 010 637 331 288 185 794 374 593 373 231 367 759 592 370 317 532 119 357 111 777 230 356 156 525 60 721 13 110 1 727 321 1 042 036 357 420 513 458 171 158 96 402 177 203 124 939 80 670 80 357 34 813 15 446 18 255 57 200 35 393 17 885 3 922

1 462 478 694 – – 694 2 990 50 131 173 359 256 560 491 795 264 331 83 461 63 061 76 096 61 591 13 238 1 267 83 655 25 – – 25 108 2 338 10 009 16 159 27 279 14 210 4 260 3 284 5 983 3 831 1 734 418

2 538 730 1 896 175 639 465 952 558 304 152 158 915 250 717 123 594 55 844 40 697 9 469 1 778 995 546 510 33 3 1 319 472 966 368 326 195 483 452 156 721 83 372 135 199 72 176 33 176 22 836 4 805 869 442 229 214 14 1

713 145 61 58 26 23 73 76 55 59 43 34 47 153 94 47 11 324 75 31 30 14 12 39 42 31 30 15 10 14 50 31 16 3

966 536 015 079 442 889 745 278 355 878 732 118 721 714 424 450 840 194 643 225 006 412 922 666 754 335 242 798 317 529 988 348 137 503

168 22 6 8 6 8 25 29 23 29 13 4 4 7 5 2

Female Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

3 651 399 1 017 305 347 999 503 865 165 441 103 714 283 665 344 079 374 160 656 415 368 553 136 526 123 686 243 296 165 249 63 463 14 584

478 814 585 – – 585 4 880 42 538 59 558 63 100 116 686 73 362 28 321 26 324 63 460 39 545 18 986 4 929

279 587 400 – – 400 1 882 16 280 30 440 39 925 84 011 52 716 17 286 13 853 22 794 16 208 5 364 1 222

88 689 66 – – 66 294 4 769 14 088 17 971 28 159 13 137 3 847 2 783 3 575 2 836 670 69

199 227 185 – – 185 2 998 26 258 29 118 23 175 32 675 20 646 11 035 12 471 40 666 23 337 13 622 3 707

153 415 108 – – 108 1 137 12 654 18 860 17 022 26 033 17 425 9 870 11 474 38 832 22 136 13 124 3 572

2 987 853 1 000 369 343 060 497 179 160 130 89 392 197 390 248 292 287 089 512 013 282 719 103 911 93 522 173 156 121 132 42 836 9 188

1 378 823 669 – – 669 2 882 47 793 163 350 240 401 464 516 250 121 79 201 59 777 70 113 57 760 11 504 849

1 219 929 313 469 147 75 115 51 22 17 4

389 69 29 28 12 10 34 33 24 29 27 23 33 102 63 31 8

772 893 790 073 030 967 079 524 020 636 934 801 192 726 076 313 337

83 11 3 4 3 4 13 13 10 14 6 2 2 4 3 1

All persons Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

28.3 .1 5.0 18.8 32.3 41.3 47.4 52.1 49.0 45.4 45.3 44.7 46.7 45.7

21.9 – 1.9 7.4 19.3 31.8 40.5 45.9 41.5 36.6 32.0 33.3 30.5 24.7

17.8 – .4 3.4 14.2 26.6 34.1 38.2 34.1 29.7 25.9 27.1 24.5 17.7

6.4 – 3.1 11.4 13.0 9.6 6.9 6.2 7.5 8.9 13.2 11.4 16.2 21.0

4.6 – 1.3 5.4 8.1 6.9 5.3 5.1 6.5 7.9 12.4 10.6 15.3 19.9

66.2 98.3 86.4 64.9 55.2 51.2 48.0 44.5 47.9 51.5 52.0 52.6 50.6 50.6

20.5 – 1.4 8.7 25.6 35.7 39.9 37.0 33.5 29.1 17.2 20.7 11.0 4.9

35.7 91.3 73.9 43.5 18.3 7.8 3.3 1.3 .7 .5 .1 .2 – –

10.0 7.0 11.1 12.8 11.3 7.7 4.9 6.1 13.7 22.0 34.7 31.7 39.5 45.7

2.4 1.1 3.8 4.5 4.3 3.3 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.5

3.1 .5 4.8 11.8 8.2 4.2 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 .9 1.0 1.1

Male Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

44.2 .1 5.3 22.5 47.8 67.9 81.0 86.4 83.3 77.4 68.6 70.6 65.5 61.1 13.1 .1 4.7 15.0 17.3 16.9 17.8 19.9 20.7 21.3 26.1 23.9 29.9 33.8

36.9 – 1.9 9.0 30.1 54.7 72.0 79.6 76.5 70.2 59.6 62.7 55.2 45.8 7.7 – 1.8 5.7 8.8 10.7 12.8 14.3 12.7 11.2 9.4 9.8 8.5 8.4

33.9 – .5 5.0 24.8 50.2 68.0 75.2 72.1 66.1 55.6 58.9 50.9 40.0 2.4 – .3 1.7 4.1 4.8 4.3 3.6 2.8 2.3 1.5 1.7 1.1 .5

7.4 – 3.3 13.4 17.7 13.2 9.0 6.8 6.8 7.2 9.0 8.0 10.3 15.3 5.5 – 2.9 9.3 8.5 6.2 5.0 5.6 8.1 10.1 16.7 14.1 21.5 25.4

5.0 – 1.4 6.4 10.8 9.4 6.8 5.4 5.7 6.2 8.1 7.2 9.2 13.9 4.2 – 1.1 4.5 5.5 4.5 4.0 4.7 7.2 9.3 16.0 13.4 20.7 24.5

49.8 98.4 86.7 60.4 37.6 23.4 13.9 10.1 13.7 19.6 28.6 26.8 31.6 34.7 81.8 98.3 86.2 69.6 72.2 76.7 78.0 76.7 76.1 75.6 71.2 73.3 67.5 63.0

2.4 – .1 .8 3.0 4.7 4.7 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.7 37.8 .1 2.8 16.8 47.5 64.3 70.8 67.9 58.0 48.3 28.8 35.0 18.1 5.8

38.0 91.2 75.0 46.1 21.7 9.6 4.0 1.4 .8 .5 .1 .2 – – 33.4 91.4 72.8 40.7 14.9 6.1 2.7 1.3 .7 .4 .1 .2 – –

9.3 7.1 11.6 13.5 12.9 9.1 5.2 4.6 9.2 15.6 25.5 23.7 28.5 31.0 10.7 6.9 10.6 12.0 9.7 6.4 4.5 7.6 17.4 26.8 42.2 38.2 49.3 57.2

2.5 1.1 3.4 4.4 4.8 3.7 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 3.0 2.3 1.1 4.2 4.6 3.8 2.9 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.2

3.5 .5 4.7 12.7 9.7 4.9 2.5 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 .9 1.0 1.3 2.8 .5 4.9 10.8 6.7 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 .9 1.0 .9 1.0

Total

Living alone

Total

Spouse

Child

Other relatives

In family households

In nonfamily households

AGE

258 807 270 106 431 543 518 418 668 861 664 909 553 317 296 19 2

85 11 3 4 3 3 12 16 12 14 6 1 1 3 2 1

994 725 871 994 860 091 994 100 689 398 482 475 065 975 191 133 651 579 363 422 557 384 769 945 041 854 843 517 960 701 586 189 061 336 415 362 449 437 476 322 049 059 835 555 965 515 364 389 002 072 315

222 10 3 4 2 10 67 55 30 27 10 3 2 4 2 1 121 5 1 2 1 5 37 32 16 14 5 1 1 1 1

101 4 1 2 1 5 30 23 13 13 5 1 1 2 1

832 206 096 551 559 314 860 527 078 731 997 245 618 256 814 146 296 515 217 606 302 309 194 172 357 942 570 490 466 142 965 244 577 144 317 989 490 249 250 120 688 170 136 161 507 779 476 291 570 569 152

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

42

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

391

Section Five: Census Data

Table 32.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Hispanic Origin Persons in Households by Relationship to Householder, Age, and Sex: 1990

[Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Householder Family householder

United States

Relatives of householder Nonfamily householder

Total

Total

Married, spouse present

Total

Living alone

827 003 408 171 424 096 413 585 989 058 308 926 285 164 079 430 655 595 338 512 261 565 348 561 433 238 576 002 624 467 008 814 905 289 232 665 896 910 859 748 852 152 751 482 306 302 818 156 265 525 366

6 001 718 8 743 – – 8 743 49 558 461 729 840 549 914 409 1 480 178 912 068 349 700 309 509 675 275 424 711 204 060 46 504 4 132 072 4 193 – – 4 193 26 507 303 050 599 722 662 600 1 058 946 644 855 244 210 208 548 379 441 257 502 101 197 20 742 1 869 646 4 550 – – 4 550 23 051 158 679 240 827 251 809 421 232 267 213 105 490 100 961 295 834 167 209 102 863 25 762

4 789 261 6 402 – – 6 402 31 874 332 975 669 663 770 619 1 279 415 771 916 281 511 234 732 410 154 281 898 106 906 21 350 3 465 108 2 832 – – 2 832 15 900 218 404 482 663 561 887 921 726 565 454 212 611 178 505 305 126 213 370 77 551 14 205 1 324 153 3 570 – – 3 570 15 974 114 571 187 000 208 732 357 689 206 462 68 900 56 227 105 028 68 528 29 355 7 145

3 297 572 2 052 – – 2 052 11 507 185 349 450 728 540 792 890 781 545 960 206 145 173 082 291 176 206 289 72 698 12 189 3 035 883 1 168 – – 1 168 7 839 156 260 402 993 494 387 824 694 510 360 195 090 164 559 278 533 196 864 69 820 11 849 261 689 884 – – 884 3 668 29 089 47 735 46 405 66 087 35 600 11 055 8 523 12 643 9 425 2 878 340

1 212 457 2 341 – – 2 341 17 684 128 754 170 886 143 790 200 763 140 152 68 189 74 777 265 121 142 813 97 154 25 154 666 964 1 361 – – 1 361 10 607 84 646 117 059 100 713 137 220 79 401 31 599 30 043 74 315 44 132 23 646 6 537 545 493 980 – – 980 7 077 44 108 53 827 43 077 63 543 60 751 36 590 44 734 190 806 98 681 73 508 18 617

888 648 1 069 – – 1 069 7 081 59 521 100 124 95 257 144 500 109 466 57 538 66 145 247 947 132 160 92 174 23 613 445 710 609 – – 609 4 113 37 507 65 705 64 651 96 658 59 708 25 208 25 151 66 400 38 848 21 536 6 016 442 938 460 – – 460 2 968 22 014 34 419 30 606 47 842 49 758 32 330 40 994 181 547 93 312 70 638 17 597

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

27.5 .1 6.1 21.2 37.2 45.7 51.4 54.2 55.3 56.6 59.9 59.6 61.6 55.6 37.6 .1 6.1 26.0 50.8 64.9 74.2 79.5 82.3 83.3 81.1 83.1 79.1 68.5 17.2 .1 6.0 15.6 22.3 25.7 29.1 30.6 31.5 34.0 44.8 41.5 50.5 48.3

21.9 .1 3.9 15.3 29.6 38.5 44.5 45.8 44.5 42.9 36.4 39.5 32.3 25.5 31.5 .1 3.7 18.8 40.9 55.1 64.6 69.7 71.7 71.3 65.2 68.9 60.6 46.9 12.2 .1 4.2 11.3 17.3 21.3 24.7 23.6 20.5 18.9 15.9 17.0 14.4 13.4

15.1 – 1.4 8.5 19.9 27.0 31.0 32.4 32.6 31.6 25.8 28.9 21.9 14.6 27.6 – 1.8 13.4 34.2 48.5 57.8 62.9 65.8 65.7 59.5 63.5 54.6 39.1 2.4 – 1.0 2.9 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.1 3.3 2.9 1.9 2.3 1.4 .6

5.6 – 2.2 5.9 7.6 7.2 7.0 8.3 10.8 13.7 23.5 20.0 29.3 30.1 6.1 – 2.5 7.3 9.9 9.9 9.6 9.8 10.7 12.0 15.9 14.2 18.5 21.6 5.0 – 1.8 4.3 5.0 4.4 4.4 7.0 10.9 15.1 28.9 24.5 36.1 34.9

4.1 – .9 2.7 4.4 4.8 5.0 6.5 9.1 12.1 22.0 18.5 27.8 28.2 4.1 – 1.0 3.2 5.6 6.3 6.8 7.4 8.5 10.0 14.2 12.5 16.8 19.9 4.1 – .8 2.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 5.7 9.6 13.8 27.5 23.1 34.7 33.0

All persons

Nonrelatives of householder

Total

Spouse

345 444 145 131 168 727 159 018 214 355 730 536 780 382 852 266 264 297 136 256 889 991 880 904 133 595 589 039 871 678 472 086 955 431 048 308 889 242 177 847 255 885 619 766 691 665 102 910 766 311 833

3 390 585 7 938 – – 7 938 31 621 286 404 533 628 572 841 887 868 523 086 188 026 150 445 208 728 159 008 44 986 4 734 273 253 259 – – 259 1 444 22 608 48 229 50 826 71 172 38 406 12 890 10 313 17 106 11 501 4 609 996 3 117 332 7 679 – – 7 679 30 177 263 796 485 399 522 015 816 696 484 680 175 136 140 132 191 622 147 507 40 377 3 738

65.6 97.3 82.9 63.0 49.9 44.4 41.0 40.2 40.4 39.8 37.2 37.4 35.7 41.0 54.6 97.4 82.3 56.3 34.5 23.8 17.1 13.8 12.8 12.6 15.7 13.6 17.9 27.8 76.8 97.3 83.6 70.7 66.6 65.8 64.6 64.8 64.9 62.7 52.4 55.7 46.8 48.4

15.5 .1 3.9 13.1 23.6 28.6 30.9 31.1 29.8 27.5 18.5 22.3 13.6 5.7 2.5 – .3 1.9 4.1 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.3 28.7 .2 7.9 25.9 44.9 53.3 56.3 55.5 52.2 47.2 29.0 36.6 19.8 7.0

Child

Other relatives

In family households

In nonfamily households

AGE All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

21 7 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 1

10 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

10 3 1 1 1 1 1

836 713 834 724 154 815 180 259 999 877 684 631 547 128 713 331 83 990 942 446 900 595 431 163 179 020 427 811 296 250 468 309 127 30 846 770 387 823 558 383 016 080 979 449 873 335 296 660 403 203 53

14 7 2 3 1 1 1 1

5 3 1 1

8 3 1 1

323 508 765 646 097 675 374 127 887 180 677 255 217 419 266 118 34 997 839 411 860 566 354 654 407 242 243 112 37 31 73 42 22 8 326 669 353 785 530 320 719 719 644 936 565 217 186 345 224 95 25

8 6 2 3

647 699 394 340 964 515 738 347 165 130 37 7 4 2 2

4 3 1 1

515 427 222 705 499 275 411 202 96 75 20 3 1

4 3 1 1

131 272 171 635 465 239 327 145 68 54 16 3 2 1 1

554 831 875 203 753 354 462 087 370 642 020 408 043 337 177 156 4 571 167 981 011 175 711 241 069 973 789 329 615 821 856 798 56 2 983 664 894 192 578 643 221 018 397 853 691 793 222 481 379 100 2

2 285 800 370 305 124 128 349 246 149 161 117 60 63 208 105 73 29 1 208 411 188 155 67 77 221 156 94 96 53 21 19 55 29 18 7 1 076 388 181 150 56 51 128 89 54 65 64 38 43 152 75 54 22

206 675 270 928 477 752 293 303 003 845 624 102 292 317 667 124 526 473 710 275 878 557 725 055 835 796 628 304 366 544 510 787 290 433 733 965 995 050 920 027 238 468 207 217 320 736 748 807 880 834 093

940 136 49 51 34 57 201 176 125 139 57 15 11 19 12 5 1 522 67 25 25 16 30 116 101 70 79 33 8 5 8 5 2 417 68 24 25 18 26 84 75 55 59 24 7 5 10 6 3 1

449 056 897 565 594 080 391 841 848 102 760 653 418 300 114 352 834 525 864 397 994 473 472 648 051 726 332 412 563 819 638 749 154 735 924 192 500 571 121 608 743 790 122 770 348 090 599 662 365 198 099

571 59 19 26 13 32 143 115 72 77 36 11 8 14 9 3 1 338 31 9 13 7 19 88 71 44 45 20 5 4 6 4 1 232 28 9 13 6 13 54 43 28 31 16 5 4 7 4 2

315 760 366 475 919 731 134 177 518 423 750 037 578 207 402 752 053 701 145 859 378 908 489 959 527 317 709 696 980 422 457 477 599 381 614 615 507 097 011 242 175 650 201 714 054 057 156 750 925 153 672

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION All persons Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

392

39.6 86.9 63.2 33.9 15.4 8.3 4.5 2.2 1.2 .7 .2 .3 – – 41.1 86.9 63.9 35.3 17.1 9.5 5.3 2.5 1.2 .7 .2 .3 – – 38.1 86.8 62.4 32.2 13.4 7.0 3.8 1.9 1.1 .7 .2 .3 – –

10.5 10.4 15.8 16.0 10.9 7.5 5.6 7.0 9.5 11.6 18.5 14.8 22.1 35.3 11.0 10.4 18.0 19.0 13.3 9.3 6.8 6.6 7.2 7.8 11.9 9.6 14.3 24.5 9.9 10.3 13.3 12.6 8.3 5.5 4.5 7.4 11.6 14.7 23.1 18.8 26.9 41.4

4.3 1.8 7.0 9.2 7.8 6.3 4.8 3.4 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.6 2.2 4.8 1.7 7.1 10.0 8.6 6.9 5.6 4.1 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.4 3.9 1.8 6.9 8.3 7.0 5.6 4.1 2.8 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.1

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

2.6 .8 4.0 6.6 5.1 3.6 2.7 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 3.1 .8 4.5 7.6 6.1 4.3 3.2 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 2.1 .8 3.5 5.3 4.0 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3

43

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 33.

Section Five: Census Data

White, Not of Hispanic Origin Persons in Households by Relationship to Householder, Age, and Sex: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Householder Family householder

United States All persons

Total

Total

Relatives of householder

Nonrelatives of householder

Nonfamily householder

Married, spouse present

Total

Living alone

Total

Spouse

50 946 609 42 563 582 22 687 140 18 758 544 102 441 742 17 698 9 179 12 769 7 459 42 975 325 – – – – 14 819 529 – – – – 21 470 052 17 698 9 179 12 769 7 459 6 685 744 122 820 63 719 195 087 79 997 3 790 146 1 621 078 1 169 470 1 754 587 858 177 7 191 972 4 406 148 3 600 763 2 431 094 1 588 577 6 990 839 6 122 958 5 105 681 2 147 946 1 600 233 6 962 175 12 612 142 10 390 396 3 275 560 2 617 898 11 858 782 9 093 773 7 689 500 2 288 255 1 924 717 8 088 130 3 807 047 3 319 998 1 123 533 1 004 026 3 423 557 3 811 390 3 332 619 1 434 793 1 327 749 3 384 900 9 331 555 7 882 257 8 023 516 7 749 711 7 775 916 6 188 263 5 371 050 3 706 600 3 546 694 5 178 552 2 687 392 2 204 287 3 293 126 3 207 950 2 111 922 455 900 306 920 1 023 790 995 067 485 442 41 726 664 39 655 915 9 767 227 7 411 319 34 178 756 9 380 6 747 5 470 3 244 22 090 147 – – – – 7 612 250 – – – – 11 034 789 9 380 6 747 5 470 3 244 3 443 108 65 295 47 747 94 144 39 982 1 967 313 1 137 830 1 001 467 985 312 480 885 3 150 093 3 442 733 3 219 618 1 500 546 959 307 1 907 489 4 918 033 4 671 014 1 360 933 995 312 1 276 705 10 210 612 9 677 071 2 006 724 1 578 785 1 560 221 7 612 546 7 236 866 1 151 290 937 261 806 645 3 262 834 3 140 628 456 685 388 866 304 494 3 273 743 3 160 732 484 934 426 658 293 598 7 793 658 7 494 025 1 721 189 1 601 019 822 051 5 271 506 5 097 007 905 473 827 824 471 202 2 196 676 2 100 526 623 951 590 050 267 026 325 476 296 492 191 765 183 145 83 823

42 369 862 28 219 – – 28 219 171 109 1 854 056 4 397 403 5 553 844 10 417 585 7 412 761 3 161 809 3 106 052 6 267 024 4 597 586 1 522 620 146 818 2 890 623 879 – – 879 5 960 107 831 323 201 408 875 705 684 464 156 195 326 192 699 486 012 311 464 148 697 25 851

Child

Other relatives

In family households

In nonfamily households

497 684 227 707 750 045 243 965 893 693 947 590 525 912 318 539 55 256 269 341 982 946 396 824 067 792 351 636 219 854 848 283 556 9

5 835 383 1 934 422 903 302 786 345 244 775 222 992 529 673 421 471 273 438 326 504 274 422 165 158 217 323 1 469 980 544 648 586 763 338 569 2 572 877 986 999 460 909 400 807 125 283 116 957 295 438 249 221 165 038 183 186 119 853 60 949 73 045 322 191 146 455 117 773 57 963

2 253 324 95 147 80 128 391 386 305 374 163 44 36 97 49 31 16 1 164 156 48 73 34 51 181 203 167 214 98 26 21 42 26 12 4

096 365 833 659 873 481 585 468 216 853 926 113 631 458 449 244 765 340 416 407 632 377 886 188 149 513 687 815 691 392 603 091 144 368

5 034 345 101 176 66 244 1 416 1 033 590 659 329 104 94 215 131 64 18 2 424 167 50 87 29 97 678 525 293 316 152 51 46 92 61 25 5

056 515 674 957 884 629 889 938 309 152 237 995 251 141 755 494 892 023 877 772 631 474 828 174 947 611 150 921 956 633 926 250 724 952

3 262 947 442 385 119 106 234 172 108 143 154 104 144 1 147 398 468 280

1 088 167 47 74 46 76 210 183 137 160 65 17 15 54 23 19 12

756 949 426 027 496 595 397 319 703 166 111 422 239 855 358 100 397

2 610 177 50 89 37 146 738 507 296 343 176 53 47 122 70 38 12

033 638 902 326 410 801 715 991 698 002 316 039 618 215 505 770 940

AGE All persons Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Male Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

183 43 15 21 6 4 12 15 16 28 19 8 8 25 15 8 2 89 22 7 11 3 2 6 7 8 14 9 4 4 10 6 3

362 675 017 794 863 481 376 248 128 780 963 503 761 443 254 188 000 261 429 711 196 521 276 132 579 016 308 822 102 120 472 735 125 611

643 672 036 668 968 163 111 487 604 489 321 245 965 586 619 178 789 010 290 429 052 809 466 597 864 795 394 217 660 300 427 522 521 384

73 633 749 30 467 – – 30 467 317 907 3 375 665 6 837 242 8 270 904 15 887 702 11 382 028 4 930 580 5 246 183 17 355 071 9 894 863 5 980 518 1 479 690 51 493 891 14 850 – – 14 850 159 439 2 123 142 4 943 279 6 278 966 12 217 336 8 763 836 3 719 519 3 758 677 9 514 847 6 176 979 2 820 627 517 241

Female Under 18 years Under 6 years 6 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

94 21 7 10 3 2 6 7 8 14 10 4 4 14 8 5 1

101 246 305 598 342 204 243 668 111 472 141 400 641 971 519 062 389

633 382 607 616 159 697 514 623 809 095 104 585 665 159 097 657 405

22 139 858 15 617 – – 15 617 158 468 1 252 523 1 893 963 1 991 938 3 670 366 2 618 192 1 211 061 1 487 506 7 840 224 3 717 884 3 159 891 962 449

9 219 945 8 318 – – 8 318 57 525 483 248 963 415 1 204 925 2 401 530 1 481 227 544 213 537 647 1 537 897 916 757 490 716 130 424

All persons Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

40.2 .1 7.1 27.3 44.8 51.3 55.2 57.0 58.0 59.9 68.2 64.9 73.0 74.0

27.8 – 2.7 13.1 28.9 38.0 43.8 45.6 44.8 43.5 36.7 40.6 32.8 22.8

23.2 – 1.4 9.4 23.6 31.7 36.1 38.5 39.0 38.0 31.0 35.2 26.9 15.3

12.4 – 4.4 14.2 15.9 13.3 11.4 11.5 13.2 16.4 31.5 24.3 40.2 51.2

10.2 – 1.8 6.9 10.4 9.9 9.1 9.6 11.8 15.2 30.5 23.2 39.2 49.7

55.9 98.4 84.6 58.1 45.8 43.2 41.2 40.5 40.3 38.6 30.6 33.9 25.8 24.3

23.1 .1 3.8 15.0 28.8 34.4 36.2 37.1 37.2 35.4 24.6 30.1 18.6 7.3

29.6 93.9 75.8 38.9 14.2 7.0 3.9 2.0 1.1 .7 .2 .2 – –

3.2 4.4 5.0 4.3 2.8 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.5 5.8 3.6 7.2 16.9

1.2 .7 2.9 3.2 2.5 1.9 1.3 .8 .5 .4 .4 .3 .4 .8

2.7 .8 5.5 11.4 6.8 3.7 2.3 1.6 1.2 1.1 .8 .9 .8 .9

Male Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Female Under 18 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

57.7 .1 7.0 34.6 65.2 78.3 85.4 89.2 90.7 91.2 90.9 91.7 90.2 84.6 23.5 .1 7.2 20.1 24.7 24.6 25.4 25.8 27.5 32.0 52.4 43.6 62.4 69.3

46.7 – 2.9 18.6 45.4 61.3 71.4 77.5 79.5 79.5 74.4 78.3 70.3 53.2 9.8 – 2.6 7.7 12.6 14.9 16.6 14.6 12.4 11.6 10.3 10.8 9.7 9.4

44.4 – 2.1 16.3 42.5 58.3 67.6 73.7 76.6 76.7 71.6 75.7 67.2 48.5 3.1 – .7 2.7 5.0 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.1 3.7 2.6 3.2 2.0 .8

10.9 – 4.1 16.1 19.8 17.0 14.0 11.7 11.1 11.8 16.4 13.4 20.0 31.4 13.7 – 4.6 12.3 12.1 9.7 8.8 11.2 15.2 20.5 42.1 32.9 52.7 59.9

8.3 – 1.8 7.8 12.7 12.4 11.0 9.5 9.5 10.4 15.3 12.3 18.9 30.0 12.1 – 1.8 6.0 8.2 7.5 7.2 9.7 14.0 19.4 41.1 31.9 51.7 58.4

38.3 98.5 86.4 51.4 25.2 15.9 10.9 8.2 7.4 7.1 7.8 7.0 8.5 13.7 72.5 98.3 82.7 64.7 66.3 70.1 71.2 71.8 70.9 66.6 46.4 55.3 36.4 28.9

3.2 – .3 1.8 4.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.2 42.0 .1 7.5 28.0 53.1 63.4 67.1 68.5 67.4 62.8 38.6 50.3 27.1 8.7

32.2 94.1 81.0 44.8 17.6 8.8 4.7 2.3 1.2 .7 .1 .2 – – 27.1 93.7 70.4 33.0 10.9 5.3 3.1 1.8 1.1 .7 .2 .3 – –

2.9 4.4 5.1 4.8 3.3 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.8 3.1 2.2 3.8 9.5 3.5 4.5 4.8 3.8 2.2 1.3 1.0 1.5 2.4 3.1 7.7 4.7 9.3 20.2

1.3 .7 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.1 1.5 1.0 .7 .5 .4 .4 .4 .7 1.2 .8 3.5 3.4 2.4 1.7 1.1 .6 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .9

2.7 .7 4.3 11.1 6.9 3.7 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.1 .9 .9 .8 1.0 2.8 .8 6.7 11.8 6.6 3.7 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .9

2 907 667 12 919 913 11 347 225 2 432 7 299 4 215 – – – – – – 2 432 7 299 4 215 15 972 100 943 40 015 168 003 769 275 377 292 381 145 930 548 629 270 434 667 787 013 604 921 713 325 1 268 836 1 039 113 452 634 1 136 965 987 456 179 370 666 848 615 160 171 887 949 859 901 091 388 232 6 302 327 6 148 692 274 043 2 801 127 2 718 870 103 761 2 669 175 2 617 900 10 428 832 025 811 922

68 20 7 10 3 1 4 5 5 10 7 3 3 6 4 1

262 885 207 435 242 822 041 083 685 298 281 119 091 953 707 844 401

986 178 279 263 636 833 879 350 470 561 485 063 302 865 350 896 619

54 41 13 20 6 3 4 2 1 1

236 012 916 683 412 396 808 171 134 114 400 96 61 38 36 2

28 21 7 10 3 1 2 1

715 102 151 633 316 844 746 335 702 671 222 48 27 13 13

39 479 239 25 521 241 27 340 19 910 415 – 6 764 886 – 10 049 725 27 340 3 095 804 165 149 1 551 649 1 746 225 2 061 419 4 074 202 836 898 5 144 969 432 101 9 711 901 443 342 6 948 605 178 311 2 966 483 48 371 2 913 353 33 671 5 781 012 25 064 4 286 122 23 035 1 373 923 1 983 120 967 46

506 423 393 538 492 035 235 250 400 318 569 209 278 789 193 990 606

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

44

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

393

Section Five: Census Data

Table 34.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Persons 15 Years and Over by Marital Status, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Males 15 years and over

United States Total

Never married

Now married, except separated

Separated

Females 15 years and over

Widowed

Divorced

Total

Never married

Now married, except separated

Separated

Widowed

Divorced

TOTAL Age 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

93 5 3 9 10 10 18 12 5 4 12 7 3

817 162 940 675 695 876 594 325 034 947 565 941 765 857

315 175 523 596 936 933 227 335 370 047 173 613 862 698

28 5 3 7 4 2 2

804 108 786 622 924 855 493 838 280 275 618 392 181 44

618 499 268 622 494 846 033 551 511 901 893 314 886 693

53 781 42 135 1 794 4 923 6 719 13 228 9 533 4 037 3 967 9 398 6 287 2 674 436

245 319 388 993 920 234 554 674 127 364 672 518 385 769

1 896 4 9 104 241 300 542 330 109 92 160 113 39 7

397 983 567 121 725 180 942 459 312 372 736 819 825 092

2 377 1 2 6 12 20 71 134 126 220 1 781 701 732 347

589 584 098 471 167 250 894 155 670 798 502 651 438 413

6 957 4 7 147 593 981 2 257 1 488 480 390 605 446 137 21

466 790 202 389 630 423 804 496 750 612 370 311 328 731

101 4 3 9 10 10 18 12 5 5 18 10 6 2

324 874 776 344 617 985 984 897 497 669 676 164 289 222

687 386 931 716 109 954 676 751 386 120 658 945 246 467

23 4 3 6 3 2 1

755 762 399 032 400 002 904 719 251 256 1 025 489 379 156

235 086 406 648 696 228 185 994 599 449 944 966 334 644

53 144 92 328 2 792 5 936 7 206 13 110 9 060 3 774 3 623 7 218 5 253 1 768 195

096 808 272 767 405 307 582 712 291 934 018 888 765 365

2 676 8 24 209 385 442 747 428 139 110 179 129 42 7

840 485 784 254 669 850 333 274 383 965 843 986 309 548

12 121 4 5 18 42 78 304 665 658 1 118 9 225 3 587 3 832 1 805

939 439 619 346 091 946 050 565 724 169 990 808 368 814

9 626 6 18 291 852 1 255 2 918 2 023 673 559 1 026 703 266 57

577 568 850 701 248 623 526 206 389 603 863 297 470 096

Percent Distribution 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

30.7 99.0 96.1 78.8 46.0 26.3 13.4 6.8 5.6 5.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.2

57.3 .8 3.4 18.6 46.0 61.8 71.1 77.4 80.2 80.2 74.8 79.2 71.0 50.9

2.0 .1 .2 1.1 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.1 .8

2.5 – .1 .1 .1 .2 .4 1.1 2.5 4.5 14.2 8.8 19.4 40.5

969 380 081 608 981 860 083 181 033 986 776 627 785 364

1 955 833 818 1 224 3 741 7 750 13 797 49 114 95 284 95 158 172 817 1 516 130 577 846 631 144 307 140

1.5 .1 .2 1.0 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.2 .9 .9 .7 .6

2.5 – – .1 .1 .2 .3 .9 2.2 4.0 13.5 8.2 18.7 40.2

921 793 087 727 769 615 421 707 469 406 927 257 481 189

332 048 454 531 1 486 2 679 4 218 16 529 29 657 24 686 38 571 213 237 100 531 81 178 31 528

7.4 .1 .2 1.5 5.6 9.0 12.1 12.1 9.5 7.9 4.8 5.6 3.6 2.5

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

23.4 97.7 90.0 64.6 32.0 18.2 10.0 5.6 4.6 4.5 5.5 4.8 6.0 7.0

52.4 1.9 8.7 29.9 55.9 65.6 69.1 70.3 68.7 63.9 38.6 51.7 28.1 8.8

2.6 .2 .7 2.2 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.3 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.3 .7 .3

12.0 .1 .1 .2 .4 .7 1.6 5.2 12.0 19.7 49.4 35.3 60.9 81.3

9.5 .1 .5 3.1 8.0 11.4 15.4 15.7 12.2 9.9 5.5 6.9 4.2 2.6

WHITE Age 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

76 3 2 7 8 8 15 10 4 4 11 7 3

874 868 977 388 384 699 281 393 330 334 214 068 381 764

142 387 184 380 815 545 360 967 811 784 909 958 501 450

21 3 2 5 3 2 1

578 832 859 747 639 066 834 629 218 223 526 329 158 38

604 943 815 631 210 357 420 879 498 469 382 574 520 288

46 372 29 104 1 438 4 071 5 607 11 201 8 232 3 555 3 559 8 572 5 723 2 452 396

679 067 653 387 386 311 537 405 575 405 953 507 577 869

1 181 2 6 72 161 189 334 201 64 53 95 66 24 4

5 785 3 5 126 504 822 1 862 1 235 397 325 503 371 114 17

057 179 411 013 488 220 206 218 547 107 668 404 475 789

82 3 2 7 8 8 15 10 4 4 16 8 5 2

692 640 856 135 253 651 306 696 637 876 637 957 656 023

612 526 606 532 729 968 636 607 605 339 064 243 219 602

17 3 2 4 2 1 1

175 559 553 436 312 287 249 491 183 201 899 413 341 144

748 361 819 391 627 398 773 672 834 123 750 371 597 782

45 931 68 264 2 291 4 959 6 054 11 149 7 883 3 341 3 265 6 652 4 828 1 643 180

802 430 840 653 343 992 892 200 688 523 241 504 216 521

1 525 5 18 145 242 254 410 225 69 56 99 69 24 4

724 081 152 084 970 194 486 157 450 031 119 667 802 650

10 279 2 3 12 29 53 199 472 500 894 8 110 3 052 3 415 1 643

559 952 954 528 387 180 355 731 692 137 643 569 057 017

7 779 4 15 249 709 1 002 2 297 1 623 541 459 875 593 231 50

779 702 841 876 402 204 130 847 941 525 311 132 547 632

Percent Distribution 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

28.1 99.1 96.1 77.8 43.4 23.8 12.0 6.1 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.0

60.3 .8 3.5 19.5 48.6 64.5 73.3 79.2 82.1 82.1 76.4 81.0 72.5 51.9

7.5 .1 .2 1.7 6.0 9.5 12.2 11.9 9.2 7.5 4.5 5.3 3.4 2.3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

20.8 97.8 89.4 62.2 28.0 14.9 8.2 4.6 4.0 4.1 5.4 4.6 6.0 7.2

55.5 1.9 9.3 32.1 60.1 70.0 72.8 73.7 72.1 67.0 40.0 53.9 29.1 8.9

1.8 .1 .6 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.5 1.1 .6 .8 .4 .2

12.4 .1 .1 .2 .4 .6 1.3 4.4 10.8 18.3 48.8 34.1 60.4 81.2

9.4 .1 .6 3.5 8.6 11.6 15.0 15.2 11.7 9.4 5.3 6.6 4.1 2.5

BLACK Age 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

10 096 776 565 1 258 1 285 1 250 1 948 1 174 456 414 965 617 279 68

983 329 934 626 760 610 711 417 919 245 432 641 199 592

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

394

4 481 764 548 1 070 782 533 470 154 46 40 70 48 17 4

750 704 532 532 537 207 818 171 798 155 296 103 609 584

3 888 8 13 155 391 526 1 016 697 283 250 544 367 149 27

986 258 674 366 721 924 826 340 186 944 747 806 660 281

553 1 2 19 55 82 163 103 37 32 54 40 12 2

840 1 1 11 53 103 281 189 64 52 82 60 18 3

278 120 110 515 054 646 117 542 780 169 225 944 271 010

11 830 749 566 1 320 1 422 1 431 2 264 1 410 575 547 1 543 885 495 161

476 485 745 327 005 114 117 360 830 374 119 819 709 591

4 526 735 537 1 045 784 551 507 172 50 41 99 59 30 9

232 098 576 513 413 216 203 931 873 726 683 133 555 995

3 660 10 22 207 436 542 960 633 251 216 379 278 90 11

332 110 786 374 333 049 598 620 198 589 675 488 091 096

883 2 3 40 103 144 262 160 55 44 66 49 14 2

141 038 617 935 036 551 541 387 791 228 017 076 435 506

1 407 1 1 3 7 16 74 141 117 167 875 410 331 132

003 018 172 371 774 873 165 987 630 767 246 926 773 547

1 353 1 1 23 90 176 459 301 100 77 122 88 28 5

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

768 221 594 134 449 425 610 435 338 064 498 196 855 447

45

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 34.

Section Five: Census Data

Persons 15 Years and Over by Marital Status, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Males 15 years and over

United States BLACK

Females 15 years and over

Total

Never married

Now married, except separated

Separated

Widowed

Divorced

Total

Never married

Now married, except separated

Separated

Widowed

Divorced

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

44.4 98.5 96.9 85.1 60.9 42.6 24.2 13.1 10.2 9.7 7.3 7.8 6.3 6.7

38.5 1.1 2.4 12.3 30.5 42.1 52.2 59.4 62.0 60.6 56.4 59.6 53.6 39.8

5.5 .2 .4 1.6 4.3 6.6 8.4 8.8 8.2 7.8 5.7 6.5 4.5 3.2

3.3 .1 .1 .1 .2 .3 .8 2.5 5.4 9.3 22.1 16.3 29.1 46.0

8.3 .1 .2 .9 4.1 8.3 14.4 16.1 14.2 12.6 8.5 9.9 6.5 4.4

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

38.3 98.1 94.9 79.2 55.2 38.5 22.4 12.3 8.8 7.6 6.5 6.7 6.2 6.2

30.9 1.3 4.0 15.7 30.7 37.9 42.4 44.9 43.6 39.6 24.6 31.4 18.2 6.9

7.5 .3 .6 3.1 7.2 10.1 11.6 11.4 9.7 8.1 4.3 5.5 2.9 1.6

11.9 .1 .2 .3 .5 1.2 3.3 10.1 20.4 30.6 56.7 46.4 66.9 82.0

11.4 .2 .3 1.8 6.4 12.3 20.3 21.4 17.4 14.1 7.9 10.0 5.8 3.4

558 699 841 054 424 753 218 528 200 805 036 063 760 213

305 865 415 1 613 16 403 35 314 43 734 82 864 57 318 20 727 16 856 30 621 21 490 7 726 1 405

19 694 88 147 1 467 2 905 3 257 5 630 3 125 1 042 774 1 259 898 294 67

15 279 27 37 146 235 340 1 006 1 646 1 261 1 695 8 886 4 116 3 337 1 433

68 227 83 108 1 973 6 596 10 660 23 070 14 264 4 124 3 062 4 287 3 231 900 156

686 009 668 192 544 073 898 914 653 992 743 471 736 536

29 119 128 324 2 591 4 764 5 129 8 061 4 413 1 359 954 1 396 1 026 320 50

60 835 33 47 272 613 1 189 4 148 7 103 5 411 7 134 34 885 16 901 13 089 4 895

89 729 91 258 3 604 9 354 13 648 29 152 18 646 5 420 3 905 5 651 4 164 1 261 226

38.7 98.9 95.0 76.5 48.5 29.9 15.9 9.0 7.5 7.5 6.3 6.5 5.8 6.5

45.8 .8 4.3 19.3 40.4 52.9 61.9 68.3 70.6 69.7 63.7 67.6 59.4 42.9

2.9 .2 .4 1.7 3.3 3.9 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.2 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.0

2.3 – .1 .2 .3 .4 .8 2.0 4.3 7.0 18.5 12.9 25.6 43.8

10.2 .2 .3 2.3 7.5 12.9 17.2 17.0 14.0 12.7 8.9 10.2 6.9 4.8

44.7 1.9 10.4 30.0 48.3 55.8 59.6 60.1 57.5 51.4 32.8 41.0 23.4 9.0

4.1 .2 .9 3.2 5.4 5.8 5.7 4.9 4.2 3.5 2.1 2.6 1.6 .8

8.7 .1 .1 .3 .7 1.4 2.9 7.9 16.7 26.2 52.6 42.1 64.6 82.5

12.8 .2 .7 4.5 10.6 15.5 20.5 20.8 16.7 14.4 8.5 10.4 6.2 3.8

565 075 304 404 756 529 743 171 447 436 700 194 365 141

35 914 200 228 1 442 3 586 5 368 10 882 7 013 2 003 1 670 3 522 2 289 1 029 204

35 088 58 62 189 304 513 1 882 3 116 2 316 3 430 23 218 10 010 9 390 3 818

81 772 105 109 1 298 6 274 12 009 29 405 17 424 5 129 3 731 6 288 4 156 1 741 391

315 121 989 584 228 343 942 575 322 111 100 151 160 789

51 857 209 348 2 779 5 832 7 902 15 521 8 996 3 135 2 766 4 369 3 360 908 101

205 178 134 141 592 1 122 2 536 11 496 21 308 18 673 28 054 121 122 64 493 41 935 14 694

135 266 124 223 3 016 10 739 19 027 48 073 29 160 9 498 7 247 8 159 6 322 1 566 271

56.1 .6 1.7 9.3 37.0 65.3 80.4 86.7 86.7 85.4 79.1 83.1 74.5 57.6

1.3 .1 .2 .4 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6

1.3 – – .1 .1 .1 .3 .9 2.0 3.6 11.4 7.5 16.1 30.8

3.1 .1 .1 .4 1.8 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2

58.7 1.3 4.8 23.7 60.3 76.1 80.0 78.0 72.4 65.2 42.8 51.6 29.1 10.3

1.8 .1 .3 .9 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.4 .6

7.2 .1 .1 .2 .3 .7 1.7 5.8 13.6 22.6 48.4 38.6 63.8 84.7

4.7 .1 .2 1.0 3.1 5.1 7.3 7.9 6.9 5.8 3.3 3.8 2.4 1.6

Con.

Percent Distribution 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

AMERICAN INDIAN, ESKIMO, OR ALEUT Age 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

667 55 37 85 87 82 133 83 29 24 48 31 13 3

623 312 746 043 474 744 788 881 354 192 089 798 017 274

258 54 35 65 42 24 21 7 2 1 3 2

702 52 35 80 88 87 142 89 32 27 66 40 20 5

215 259 199 506 103 924 548 650 465 197 364 182 251 931

208 50 30 49 30 18 16 5 1 1 2 1

846 998 902 847 828 885 289 574 622 212 689 620 845 224

313 1 3 24 42 49 84 53 18 13 21 16 4

Percent Distribution 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

29.7 97.6 87.8 61.9 35.0 21.5 11.4 6.2 5.0 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.8

ASIAN OR PACIFIC ISLANDER Age 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

2 673 178 133 325 342 349 583 347 113 94 204 133 58 12

734 960 457 982 628 807 314 491 509 139 447 818 230 399

1 021 177 130 292 205 103 72 18 5 4 9 6 2

395 522 754 649 708 388 402 767 614 872 719 169 705 845

1 499 1 2 30 126 228 468 301 98 80 161 111 43 7

2 862 166 124 306 348 376 658 369 137 124 250 166 65 17

398 897 447 276 441 376 698 750 124 378 011 913 759 339

789 164 117 227 120 60 56 21 6 5 9 6 2

782 309 746 305 520 568 666 711 496 200 261 587 190 484

1 680 2 5 72 210 286 526 288 99 81 107 86 19 1

Percent Distribution 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

46

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

38.2 99.2 98.0 89.8 60.0 29.6 12.4 5.4 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.6 6.8

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

27.6 98.4 94.6 74.2 34.6 16.1 8.6 5.9 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.3 2.8

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

395

Section Five: Census Data

Table 34.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Persons 15 Years and Over by Marital Status, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Males 15 years and over

United States Total

Never married

Now married, except separated

Females 15 years and over

Separated

Widowed

Divorced

234 1 2 17 36 40 64 36 11 9 14 10 3

293 052 019 686 330 396 230 375 952 403 850 486 687 677

115 417 488 534 1 853 2 540 3 057 7 647 10 705 8 274 11 975 68 344 28 802 26 717 12 825

476 278 701 1 063 14 809 54 040 78 371 155 013 90 008 28 613 22 103 31 557 22 981 7 208 1 368

2.9 .2 .4 1.4 2.9 3.8 4.3 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.1 3.3 2.8 2.0

1.4 .1 .1 .1 .2 .3 .5 1.3 2.7 4.7 14.2 9.1 20.2 38.3

5.9 .1 .2 1.2 4.3 7.3 10.4 10.8 9.5 8.7 6.6 7.3 5.4 4.1

108 970 245 810 435 636 378 439 873 920 402 784 615 003

1 886 226 601 984 2 986 6 642 12 341 45 453 89 793 90 679 165 809 1 470 938 559 697 613 008 298 233

1.5 .1 .2 1.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.2 .8 .9 .7 .5

2.6 – – – .1 .2 .3 .9 2.2 4.0 13.5 8.2 18.6 40.2

Total

Never married

Now married, except separated

Separated

Widowed

Divorced

387 1 4 34 58 63 103 60 20 16 22 16 4

012 976 677 900 400 493 524 525 877 032 608 973 960 675

526 640 748 764 3 337 6 591 11 092 32 893 53 139 42 594 60 286 315 196 143 355 124 367 47 474

692 397 955 2 100 27 462 75 434 103 910 207 686 134 652 46 701 37 189 56 308 40 329 13 668 2 311

5.0 .4 1.2 3.3 5.4 6.4 7.1 6.9 6.2 5.4 3.3 4.2 2.3 1.1

6.8 .1 .2 .3 .6 1.1 2.3 6.1 12.6 20.2 46.4 35.2 58.9 77.7

8.9 .2 .5 2.6 6.9 10.5 14.2 15.3 13.9 12.5 8.3 9.9 6.5 3.8

HISPANIC ORIGIN (OF ANY RACE) Age 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

8 027 610 473 1 261 1 250 1 074 1 486 832 302 254 481 315 132 33

749 854 039 500 358 457 329 476 371 956 409 383 529 497

3 182 601 443 931 554 289 221 71 20 17 30 20 8 2

556 128 782 841 953 482 137 543 942 145 603 381 069 153

4 019 7 25 295 602 663 1 038 623 232 194 336 232 86 16

205 485 641 311 495 151 302 845 590 330 055 733 848 474

7 743 563 406 1 042 1 090 987 1 458 877 336 298 679 407 211 61

317 653 411 941 881 846 665 423 937 686 874 646 161 067

2 314 538 339 586 331 185 168 68 23 20 51 30 16 4

256 443 791 722 945 048 246 580 510 853 118 179 230 709

3 823 21 59 390 618 624 946 560 203 164 234 176 51 5

012 531 079 520 511 303 316 527 255 326 644 810 936 898

Percent Distribution 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

39.6 98.4 93.8 73.9 44.4 26.9 14.9 8.6 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.4

50.1 1.2 5.4 23.4 48.2 61.7 69.9 74.9 76.9 76.2 69.8 73.8 65.5 49.2

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

29.9 95.5 83.6 56.3 30.4 18.7 11.5 7.8 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.7

49.4 3.8 14.5 37.4 56.7 63.2 64.9 63.9 60.3 55.0 34.5 43.4 24.6 9.7

WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Age 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

72 3 2 6 7 8 14 9 4 4 10 6 3

711 566 750 797 784 169 514 926 145 170 885 855 288 741

218 621 827 975 058 821 732 130 689 114 251 570 498 183

20 3 2 5 3 1 1

020 535 646 304 368 923 723 591 206 212 506 316 153 37

480 789 699 867 061 812 343 599 412 970 928 727 195 006

44 216 25 93 1 306 3 787 5 281 10 663 7 878 3 410 3 431 8 337 5 562 2 390 385

737 430 009 841 747 256 609 916 954 645 330 207 065 058

1 071 1 5 64 145 171 304 183 57 48 87 60 22 4

5 516 2 4 118 476 780 1 777 1 182 379 310 482 356 109 16

667 831 890 471 173 776 949 383 771 770 653 155 615 883

78 3 2 6 7 8 14 10 4 4 16 8 5 1

542 365 661 639 716 150 534 193 430 684 165 682 504 978

165 777 476 949 091 210 139 336 646 973 568 710 291 567

16 3 2 4 2 1 1

040 296 388 153 152 199 168 456 170 188 866 394 330 141

666 135 851 122 666 200 188 368 865 857 414 460 498 456

43 808 58 238 2 110 4 650 5 728 10 630 7 546 3 209 3 153 6 482 4 701 1 604 176

428 635 270 395 047 718 823 211 272 575 482 931 300 251

1 353 4 16 129 217 226 365 198 59 48 87 60 22 4

273 232 036 873 315 371 673 581 766 183 243 907 071 265

9 947 2 3 10 26 47 183 445 476 858 7 892 2 959 3 325 1 607

279 552 563 995 346 876 387 152 739 114 555 142 757 656

7 392 4 14 235 669 948 2 186 1 547 514 436 836 566 221 48

519 223 756 564 717 045 068 024 004 244 874 270 665 939

Percent Distribution 15 18 20 25 30 35 45 55 60 65

             

15 years and over to 17 years and 19 years to 24 years to 29 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

396

27.5 99.1 96.2 78.0 43.3 23.5 11.9 6.0 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.0

60.8 .7 3.4 19.2 48.7 64.6 73.5 79.4 82.3 82.3 76.6 81.1 72.7 52.0

7.6 .1 .2 1.7 6.1 9.6 12.2 11.9 9.2 7.5 4.4 5.2 3.3 2.3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

20.4 97.9 89.8 62.5 27.9 14.7 8.0 4.5 3.9 4.0 5.4 4.5 6.0 7.1

55.8 1.7 9.0 31.8 60.3 70.3 73.1 74.0 72.4 67.3 40.1 54.2 29.1 8.9

1.7 .1 .6 2.0 2.8 2.8 2.5 1.9 1.3 1.0 .5 .7 .4 .2

12.7 .1 .1 .2 .3 .6 1.3 4.4 10.8 18.3 48.8 34.1 60.4 81.3

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

9.4 .1 .6 3.5 8.7 11.6 15.0 15.2 11.6 9.3 5.2 6.5 4.0 2.5

47

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 35.

Section Five: Census Data

Persons in Group Quarters by Type of Group Quarters, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons in group quarters All persons Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Mental (Psychiatric) hospitals Hospitals or wards for chronically ill Hospitals or wards for drug/ alcohol abuse Schools, hospitals, or wards for the mentally retarded Schools, hospitals, or wards for the physically handicapped Wards in general and military hospitals with patients who have no usual home elsewhere Juvenile institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Rooming and boarding houses Group homes Homes or halfway houses for drug/ alcohol abuse Homes for the mentally ill, mentally retarded, and physically handicapped Maternity homes for unwed mothers Other group homes Religious group quarters Agriculture workers’ dormitories Other workers’ dormitories Dormitories for nurses and interns in general and military hospitals Crews of maritime vessels Other nonhousehold living situations Staff residents of institutions Living quarters for victims of natural disasters Male Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Mental (Psychiatric) hospitals Hospitals or wards for chronically ill Hospitals or wards for drug/ alcohol abuse Schools, hospitals, or wards for the mentally retarded Schools, hospitals, or wards for the physically handicapped Wards in general and military hospitals with patients who have no usual home elsewhere Juvenile institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Rooming and boarding houses Group homes Homes or halfway houses for drug/ alcohol abuse Homes for the mentally ill, mentally retarded, and physically handicapped Maternity homes for unwed mothers Other group homes Religious group quarters Agriculture workers’ dormitories Other workers’ dormitories Dormitories for nurses and interns in general and military hospitals Crews of maritime vessels Other nonhousehold living situations Staff residents of institutions Living quarters for victims of natural disasters Female Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Mental (Psychiatric) hospitals Hospitals or wards for chronically ill Hospitals or wards for drug/ alcohol abuse Schools, hospitals, or wards for the mentally retarded Schools, hospitals, or wards for the physically handicapped Wards in general and military hospitals with patients who have no usual home elsewhere Juvenile institutions

6 3 1 1

Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Rooming and boarding houses Group homes Homes or halfway houses for drug/ alcohol abuse Homes for the mentally ill, mentally retarded, and physically handicapped Maternity homes for unwed mothers Other group homes Religious group quarters Agriculture workers’ dormitories Other workers’ dormitories Dormitories for nurses and interns in general and military hospitals Crews of maritime vessels Other nonhousehold living situations Staff residents of institutions Living quarters for victims of natural disasters

1 376 460 1 008 441 56 942 55 280 10 479 9 235 47 926 80 072 11 997

48

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

White

Black

697 334 115 772 128 40 20 103 20

744 018 111 032 530 980 129 713 654

5 014 630 2 442 062 506 131 1 612 292 94 885 31 752 14 782 84 903 16 488

28 104 3 363 1 953 589 178 49 11 127 211 52

669 200 726 558 700 638 734 768 244 675 038

21 59 2 572 1 609 415 87 23 6 85 149 32

107 1 50 61 35 22 15 5 97 2 3 788 1 801 1 030 493 76 24 13 60 10

522 682 433 473 280 920 068 658 723 976 311 618 352 207 609 067 038 187 118 579

87 940 896 28 012 58 674 18 317 15 769 10 130 4 113 84 360 2 239 170 2 581 552 1 090 356 466 831 431 346 54 397 18 254 9 559 48 598 8 262

15 941 617 17 762 1 015 1 693 3 748 3 222 759 7 759 497 133 914 626 591 372 469 451 52 171 18 856 4 856 2 949 9 809 1 831

694 40 1 534 87 220 597 81 104 1 064 35 5 40 234 21 888 16 157 2 263 575 155 317 355 111

14 78 1 987 945 532 123 39 2 79 131 40

892 655 266 117 758 358 255 533 318 603 041

10 42 1 491 785 381 62 19 1 51 90 25

3 28 323 90 111 48 15

1 18 4 4 3

508 321 568 977 366 871 955 848 650 129 281

806 303 196 228 330 953 265 372 606 120 031

1 263 744 508 135 29 7 4 15 3

833 500 084 837 279 574 237 996 284

5 34 519 208 129 73 19 3 16 50 15

458 751 333 021 889 385 647 469 008 088 768

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

078 414 587 183 219 527 352 1 505 365

517 261 197 32 6 2 1 5 1

232 693 400 568 435 432 069 004 216

4 765 653 2 313 717 417 003 1 590 191 91 489 30 060 14 187 81 558 15 677

634 042 664 115 087 590 876 784 16 128 6 310 2 156

1 13 255 70 43 27 16 1 32 14 4

725 844 539 964 754 634 663 770 583 436 812

20 52 2 451 1 572 400 76 15 6 69 142 30

6 113 30 25 10 3

11 177 35 39 18 13

594 1 659 506 261 078 440 332 689 59 – 225 814 564 021 512 427 182 301 138

1 185 13 1 436 203 11 610 1 099 285 264 2 558 42 2 46 574 12 856 4 773 5 056 727 199 92 549 159

3 264 25 2 747 809 25 455 2 470 583 580 6 309 126 2 119 768 41 800 13 091 19 207 2 232 951 333 2 024 501

47 734 47 14 510 12 629 1 503 10 693 4 151 3 301 46 957 1 128 141 2 370 072 1 326 253 32 937 1 167 453 39 258 12 830 5 015 34 884 7 900

138 734

351 318

307 994

762 2 699

10 331 15 645

079 628 831 522 425 643 281 040 954

9 880 4 614 709 1 434 272 383 476 1 256 339

55 411 45 930 1 121 888 344 161 3 618 870 77

6 376 541 6 169 643 315 1 002 1 570 121 1 832 206 20

275 39 603 60 39 198 33 15 372 18 1

468 19 306 696 63 429 736 48 449 57 1

2 279 6 481 196 117 18 24 4 2 5 17 3

155 800 346 806 883 088 874 85 671 2 482 1 131

16 6 1 2

419 1 931 27 181 399 48 89 692 17 4 042 162 634 734 313 100 157 253 99

1 74 50 12 1

1

64 8 6

33 15 2 3

718 520 245 518 748 572 4 507 1 897 377

700 96 724 292 3 116 200 174 38 844 47 –

5 148 250 4 226 2 579 31 587 3 041 970 655 8 652 248 3 397 464 219 893 184 309 13 361 4 203 1 481 736 2 980 715

618 934 936 872 320 433 042 060 975 513 190

327 048 946 595 842 072 128 212 11 621 4 413 1 779

10 702 17 018

38 393 838 12 528 45 484 3 620 3 873 5 768 571 34 071 1 034 29

776 552 935 025 766 270 110 199 8 311 2 410 363

1 129 96 13 2 1

210 96 75 9 2

5 79 14 22 7 3

13 777 25 545

212 533 330 175 153 702 281 793 37 568 1 362 51

927 992 518 723 259 872 284 701 307

White, not of Hispanic origin

425 234 524 095 645 382 766 38 4 693 1 540 286

179 270 254 393 058 863 222 826 10 727 33 048 11 814

9 565 76 11 593 372 1 378 2 746 1 652 638 5 927 291 113 349 207 153 128 38 633 83 666 10 423 2 718 1 288 6 187 1 453

46 1 20 47 7 5 8

293 534 226 420 592 522 146 468 1 147 3 738 1 470

2 28 9 5 4 1

152 22 7 9 1

Hispanic origin (of any race)

1 885 109 2 160 495 14 726 1 299 459 302 3 402 89 2 163 504 83 558 70 814 4 127 1 492 328 260 956 206

49 547 58 15 484 13 190 14 697 11 896 4 362 3 542 50 289 1 205 141 2 433 078 1 351 706 39 300 1 180 946 40 488 13 498 5 223 36 305 8 226

372 749 036 918 690 476 044 009 250

276 050 791 997 888 255 474 608 210

Other race

1 062 20 965 1 202 324 1 507 1 176 380 1 138 116 1 88 702 14 178 6 954 3 702 747 445 102 400 169

61 310 149 30 103 14 298 28 127 17 218 6 787 4 865 60 155 1 614 260 2 909 126 1 532 666 84 904 1 278 423 52 463 16 942 6 942 43 595 10 075

1 081 824 34 24 4 5 34 59 7

56 28 17 4

Asian or Pacific Islander

963 145 571 238 671 879 999 453 23 039 9 958 3 922

77 35 4 8 2 1 9 4

968 726 083 755 664 317 544 478 890

1 884 225 1 479 1 770 6 132 571 387 75 2 343 122 1

85 066 795 26 462 56 702 2 210 14 250 9 772 3 845 79 679 2 093 170 2 395 581 987 464 384 066 422 738 52 231 17 230 9 172 46 674 7 777 10 37 1 408 766 367 54 11 1 40 85 23

1 043 806 32 21 3 4 29 56 6

287 289 117 188 682 855 377 181 719 612 321

819 684 638 578 665 879 256 901 869

37 332 748 11 952 44 073 707 3 557 5 621 544 32 722 965 29

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

397

Section Five: Census Data

Table 36.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Household and Family Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place

Rural

Inside urbanized area

United States

Total

Total

Central place

258 151 251 501 527 258 049 724 079 094 015 990 874 115 261 587 384 674 165 269 072 758 043 287 476 196 342 451 107 841 508 1 052 281 2 266 1 274 426

878 248 993 060 997 729 493 760 250 725 979 065 838 227 928 619 877 309 465 091 210 603 821 973 864 460 409 824 630 455 371 003 081 175 657 761

78 76 30 2 7 6 4 3 3 2

159 43 8 39 312

720 796 906 788 547 2.60 3.17

251 550 589 130 529 844 490 117

993 342 643 658 342 025 151 832

Outside urbanized area

Urban fringe

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

14 969 587 14 372 942 5 623 615 311 569 1 097 317 1 114 074 782 420 754 984 836 771 575 453 151 027 3 933 046 3 067 487 865 559 1 690 569 633 986 506 606 1 056 583 978 110 3 100 152 4 579 624 247 806 108 278 75 309 154 852 69 218 143 849 270 239 596 645 332 770 79 962 223 954 28 854 263 875 172 600 51 686

61 656 386 60 445 976 21 902 243 816 469 4 140 107 4 989 504 3 781 506 3 248 503 2 901 986 1 646 149 378 019 17 120 444 14 522 317 2 598 127 4 781 799 2 236 066 1 798 960 2 545 733 2 331 871 14 649 376 20 021 582 971 102 370 637 316 857 614 195 256 144 354 229 989 611 1 210 410 858 108 436 339 318 801 102 968 352 302 128 407 53 748

7 050 858 6 868 558 2 676 603 121 260 491 783 528 346 384 521 373 984 410 960 287 910 77 839 1 905 216 1 525 527 379 689 771 387 288 180 236 199 483 207 453 374 1 540 881 2 194 727 113 830 45 108 34 207 66 680 29 148 47 311 120 063 182 300 130 314 21 829 100 827 7 658 51 986 32 619 3 329

3 801 051 3 747 973 1 464 016 61 038 260 134 271 930 205 993 206 335 232 637 175 327 50 622 1 038 745 852 557 186 188 425 271 162 617 138 735 262 654 250 699 852 810 1 200 888 64 604 23 804 16 335 33 715 13 798 18 012 59 991 53 078 40 042 4 938 32 850 2 254 13 036 4 528 1 007

50 804 477 49 829 445 17 761 624 634 171 3 388 190 4 189 228 3 190 992 2 668 184 2 258 389 1 182 912 249 558 14 176 483 12 144 233 2 032 250 3 585 141 1 785 269 1 424 026 1 799 872 1 627 798 12 255 685 16 625 967 792 668 301 725 266 315 513 800 213 198 288 906 809 557 975 032 687 752 409 572 185 124 93 056 287 280 91 260 49 412

7 096 3 716 637 8 534 150 164 2.76 3.16

794 392 141 528 14 183 2.57 3.10

210 79 37 198 6 977 2.56 3.11

6 092 3 245 459 7 808 129 004 2.81 3.17

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Grandchild Brother or sister Parent Other relatives Roomer, boarder, or foster child Housemate or roommate Other nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

248 242 91 5 19 20 14 12 11 6 1 64 50 14 27 12 9 15 13 50 76 4 2 1 3 1 4 4 6 3 1 1

709 012 947 049 849 393 303 379 516 786 669 517 133 384 429 141 206 287 373 708 728 189 628 747 385 595 110 971 697 334 115 772 446 3 363 1 953 589

873 129 410 358 651 073 214 413 582 873 246 947 040 907 463 701 811 762 609 322 438 274 549 569 190 204 674 499 744 018 111 032 875 726 558 700

178 49 11 52 528

638 734 768 038 290 2.63 3.16

947 580 453 970 860 188 300 593

410 420 593 269 094 938 520 576

187 181 70 4 15 15 10 9 8 5 1 47 35 11 22 9 7 12 11 36 56 3 2 1 2 1 3 3 5 2

053 566 045 232 709 403 521 130 614 140 291 397 610 786 647 905 407 742 041 058 706 218 257 430 770 339 756 981 487 475 678 1 453 343 3 011 1 825 535

487 153 167 889 544 569 708 910 596 724 227 503 723 780 664 635 851 029 738 946 856 172 912 712 995 060 445 888 334 910 772 231 907 424 151 952

171 46 11 43 378

542 018 131 504 126 2.59 3.16

045 449 088 912 073 523 731 266

167 589 040 644 127 956 069 742

158 154 59 3 13 13 9 7 7 4 1 39 29 10 19 8 6 10 9 30 48 2 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 1

18 13 5 11 5 3 6 5 13 23 1 1 1 2 1 2 1

1

847 257 147 208 126 428 240 762 592 201 588 921 097 823 226 077 804 148 261 158 278 715 234 654 379 692 067 928 589 041 312 565 163 547 936 198

406 971 116 303 205 703 133 102 066 087 517 071 588 483 045 696 647 349 711 569 780 930 710 408 926 569 151 812 435 633 653 888 092 802 996 532

136 35 7 32 201

572 025 251 083 343 2.53 3.19

147 066 125 855 824 824 783 667

116 358 028 177 603 765 772 413

79 77 29 1 6 6 4 3 3 1 21 16 4 8 3 2 4 3 17 24 1 1 1 1 1

411 893 104 292 401 830 809 962 487 893 427 068 777 291 035 509 580 525 903 110 793 042 809 633 096 503 275 523 518 799 195 486 117 718 337 228

472 277 877 757 792 026 360 658 184 638 462 994 250 744 883 923 230 960 754 522 430 673 111 565 938 891 258 012 195 822 718 115 989 373 661 229

28 794 609 27 414 905 10 793 174 731 829 2 181 547 2 144 840 1 472 215 1 406 150 1 535 346 1 045 999 275 248 7 407 438 5 735 885 1 671 553 3 385 736 1 318 016 1 022 974 2 067 720 1 876 273 5 789 855 8 634 646 459 569 214 091 142 739 294 131 142 600 414 036 530 064 1 379 704 634 455 170 401 401 228 62 826 745 249 550 494 109 191

13 825 022 13 041 963 5 169 559 420 260 1 084 230 1 030 766 689 795 651 166 698 575 470 546 124 221 3 474 392 2 668 398 805 994 1 695 167 684 030 516 368 1 011 137 898 163 2 689 703 4 055 022 211 763 105 813 67 430 139 279 73 382 270 187 259 825 783 059 301 685 90 439 177 274 33 972 481 374 377 894 57 505

23 8 1 7 111

148 771 655 705 204 2.68 3.16

11 2 2 3 65

822 222 225 716 579 2.54 3.10

7 1 1 2 33

929 186 559 178 123 2.52 3.09

3 893 1 036 666 1 538 32 456 2.56 3.10

104 483 464 275 704 019 706 450

877 984 615 481 739 260 379 419

793 899 498 781 543 679 240 148

174 247 397 986 785 931 918 910

5 169 559 1 414 531 1 668 247 855 713 731 373 318 614 112 032 69 049

5 623 615 1 484 716 1 830 150 926 273 812 412 361 317 128 886 79 861

21 4 7 4 3 1

HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Households person persons persons persons persons persons or more persons

91 22 29 15 13 6 2 1

70 18 22 11 10 4 1 1

59 15 18 10 8 3 1 1

30 9 9 4 3 1

29 6 9 5 4 2

10 2 3 1 1

902 130 365 057 786 664 569 326

243 831 553 625 967 982 451 834

2 676 689 880 440 392 176 61 35

603 573 266 907 118 666 327 746

1 464 389 478 230 209 99 35 20

016 434 176 581 913 469 792 651

17 3 6 3 3 1

761 051 007 386 184 388 472 270

624 824 111 137 936 847 332 437

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

64 517 947 30 877 675 7 884 751

47 397 503 22 674 636 6 061 489

39 990 065 19 044 735 5 144 296

18 921 071 9 066 693 2 501 711

21 068 994 9 978 042 2 642 585

7 407 438 3 629 901 917 193

3 474 392 1 718 774 446 390

3 933 046 1 911 127 470 803

17 120 444 8 203 039 1 823 262

1 905 216 907 111 210 773

6 50 23 6

4 36 16 4

3 30 13 3

1 13 5 1

1 17 7 2

766 908 5 789 855 2 666 065 688 422

361 581 2 689 703 1 246 865 331 043

405 327 3 100 152 1 419 200 357 379

1 14 6 1

190 1 540 698 165

403 708 494 226

526 322 726 406

720 058 592 661

067 946 716 007

953 269 926 972

159 091 651 585

955 158 942 747

454 569 303 978

997 110 984 224

705 522 348 607

683 649 902 565

459 376 010 399

809 881 084 079

1 038 745 489 801 108 104 106 852 386 86

522 810 120 425

14 176 483 6 806 127 1 504 385 1 12 5 1

386 255 817 313

128 685 806 895

5 141 106

3 661 427

3 061 669

1 349 151

1 712 518

599 758

279 278

320 480

1 479 679

156 047

88 669

1 234 963

10 666 043 6 028 409 1 272 224

8 880 751 5 056 609 1 097 205

7 584 008 4 253 616 915 391

4 577 357 2 648 812 603 628

3 006 651 1 604 804 311 763

1 296 743 802 993 181 814

630 280 394 743 92 262

666 463 408 250 89 552

1 785 292 971 800 175 019

286 330 169 808 34 967

141 426 81 360 15 731

1 357 536 720 632 124 321

1 086 510

923 656

777 249

538 099

239 150

146 407

72 488

73 919

162 854

29 516 824 11 083 053 14 349 124 634 160 3 364 390 3 396 755 2 319 744 2 053 210 1 691 384 889 481 818 204 802 743 2 463 700 32 797 485 9 697 233 14 103 272 996 232 3 689 160 3 296 001 2 206 768 1 914 947 1 428 763 571 401 1 242 609 4 095 593 3 658 778

30 137 551 8 840 889 18 037 406 536 324 3 919 477 4 609 243 3 318 416 2 701 607 2 028 378 923 961 508 466 680 123 2 070 667 32 589 305 7 346 184 17 878 109 893 326 4 496 248 4 618 966 3 130 312 2 453 120 1 696 294 589 843 721 682 3 526 941 3 116 389

10 524 711 3 092 092 6 116 073 288 109 1 320 967 1 399 644 976 281 882 298 794 884 453 890 192 110 310 923 813 513 11 936 987 2 580 044 6 040 633 448 666 1 444 047 1 366 419 944 304 856 778 686 069 294 350 294 138 1 830 016 1 192 156

5 097 867 1 613 920 2 850 097 145 300 631 795 658 951 449 689 403 579 358 743 202 040 94 143 139 669 400 038 5 732 229 1 361 038 2 808 698 219 992 684 388 639 780 433 043 390 089 309 616 131 790 143 325 828 133 591 035

5 426 844 1 478 172 3 265 976 142 809 689 172 740 693 526 592 478 719 436 141 251 850 97 967 171 254 413 475 6 204 758 1 219 006 3 231 935 228 674 759 659 726 639 511 261 466 689 376 453 162 560 150 813 1 001 883 601 121

23 638 229 5 788 584 15 278 642 514 107 3 038 320 3 822 912 2 919 233 2 367 376 1 772 872 843 822 377 617 583 800 1 609 586 24 000 910 4 131 774 15 122 082 875 623 3 513 257 3 829 196 2 779 328 2 173 380 1 442 762 508 536 418 411 2 669 389 1 659 254

29 848

14 804

118 202

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Separated Widowed Divorced

93 28 53 1 11 13 9 8 6 3 1 2 6 101 23 53 3 13 13 9 7 5 1 2 12 9

817 804 781 972 643 228 533 004 287 111 896 377 957 324 755 144 213 142 110 060 398 253 964 676 121 626

315 618 245 700 154 554 674 491 518 154 397 589 466 687 235 096 847 712 582 712 225 888 130 840 939 577

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

398

70 23 38 1 8 9 6 5 4 2 1 1 5 77 19 38 2 9 9 6 5 3 1 2 9 7

179 016 502 458 604 405 614 637 514 267 518 793 347 323 623 022 338 629 281 281 224 811 455 258 452 967

086 034 603 593 834 642 441 115 646 332 780 789 880 777 461 014 224 455 386 384 845 126 594 429 550 323

59 19 32 1 7 8 5 4 3 1 1 1 4 65 17 31 1 8 7 5 4 3 1 1 7 6

654 923 386 170 283 005 638 754 719 813 326 482 534 386 043 981 889 185 914 337 368 125 161 964 622 775

375 942 530 484 867 998 160 817 762 442 670 866 367 790 417 381 558 408 967 080 067 057 244 291 534 167

2 560 643 1 606 60 320 364 269 244 218 128 41 84 184 2 918 519 1 599 102 362 362 264 236 188 82 62 483 253

903 468 832 699 259 745 319 919 164 727 799 607 197 805 889 209 958 158 485 141 829 588 050 439 424 844

1 386 336 882 32 174 191 147 135 122 77 20 47 99 1 547 253 880 57 197 191 145 132 107 48 28 265 119

610 304 293 864 495 645 207 461 884 737 208 853 952 510 892 378 396 585 027 618 710 147 895 154 756 330

19 690 716 4 808 812 12 789 517 420 544 2 543 566 3 266 522 2 502 707 1 986 996 1 431 824 637 358 315 610 451 340 1 325 437 19 534 595 3 357 993 12 642 495 715 269 2 953 514 3 275 684 2 369 569 1 803 841 1 147 027 377 591 327 818 1 920 209 1 286 080

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

49

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 37.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics for Selected Age Groups: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Persons under 6 years Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 6 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 60 to 64 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 to 74 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 75 to 84 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

50

Rural

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area

United States

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

22 043 976 19 526 799 15 624 526 70.9

16 735 410 14 745 596 11 450 566 68.4

14 160 279 12 433 618 9 670 372 68.3

7 193 736 6 135 082 4 270 035 59.4

6 966 543 6 298 536 5 400 337 77.5

2 575 131 2 311 978 1 780 194 69.1

1 233 759 1 109 451 842 951 68.3

1 341 372 1 202 527 937 243 69.9

5 308 566 4 781 203 4 173 960 78.6

611 215 550 104 443 011 72.5

330 572 297 031 243 846 73.8

4 366 779 3 934 068 3 487 103 79.9

3 177 757 1 772 503 350 311 356 147 5 798 32 418 63 604 432 90 847 57 461 020 44 642 569 70.2

2 730 832 1 381 241 293 714 282 676 5 206 26 977 46 750 175 69 374 41 992 787 31 418 260 67.2

2 287 405 1 193 806 260 798 243 731 4 665 23 661 39 254 313 55 537 35 164 135 26 283 765 67.0

10 3 1 1

8 956 970 2 683 279 958 297 853 633 99 737 93 068 7 801 852 3 276 207 2 651 954 624 253 2 510 126 162 614 219 102 158 246 1 382 465 467 783 409 040 914 682 862 259 65 780 27 312 23 568 554 7 874 193 6 279 369 1 594 824 5 031 101 924 803 761 745 344 614 7 172 354 1 533 739 1 416 092 5 638 615 5 476 374 1 377 623 82 121 13 502 539 5 220 993 4 242 061 978 932 3 682 064 366 143 362 314 206 824 3 393 603 835 282 758 919 2 558 321 2 470 368 231 150 39 448 7 646 671 2 253 542 1 764 516 489 026 1 225 667 351 854 275 616 101 706 2 887 182 536 313 503 496 2 350 869 2 296 740 523 137 27 967 2 419 344 399 658 272 792 126 866 123 370 206 806 123 815 36 084 891 569 162 144 153 677 729 425 709 266 623 336 14 706

7 520 120 2 303 012 843 849 724 382 85 132 78 266 6 556 094 2 761 762 2 221 666 540 096 2 086 428 149 038 191 166 140 258 1 154 399 399 954 348 222 754 445 708 513 49 946 23 097 19 145 041 6 466 179 5 127 147 1 339 032 4 098 308 826 239 663 348 299 247 5 723 775 1 258 136 1 157 328 4 465 639 4 326 103 998 768 69 177 11 132 680 4 323 218 3 492 467 830 751 3 017 023 332 731 317 189 180 977 2 756 032 696 853 630 962 2 059 179 1 982 986 172 544 32 966 6 120 526 1 821 889 1 417 052 404 837 982 527 313 217 239 737 87 569 2 272 836 432 173 404 430 1 840 663 1 794 477 378 903 23 848 1 891 835 321 072 217 628 103 444 98 758 180 291 106 422 30 701 694 907 129 110 121 936 565 797 548 640 447 321 12 363

10 4 3 3

1 1 1

31 10 8 2 6 1 9 2 1 7 6 1 18 7 5 1 5

4 1 1 3 3

10 3 2 1

3 2 2

3

1

674 493 172 121 142 122 616 547 767 780 534 191 277 193 752 610 535 141 078 83 35 241 801 759 041 927 156 975 428 171 055 902 116 922 676 104 106 180 935 244 094 444 458 255 336 107 008 228 122 284 52 055 084 452 632 669 445 354 127 702 728 685 973 909 636 34 080 536 371 164 163 266 161 45 132 218 208 913 889 755 17

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

900 999 053 322 403 788 167 773 182 591 867 144 637 362 554 929 746 625 441 227 603 831 438 574 864 364 730 410 761 263 016 614 247 231 062 803 558 147 417 730 657 833 783 538 435 687 447 748 786 107 058 108 715 506 209 485 654 789 374 158 341 775 817 526 138 795 165 576 651 925 222 243 838 849 670 988 392 682 919 817 950

1 580 732 164 140 3 17 19 467 35 16 969 11 342

447 988 270 737 366 293 142 645 578 913 58.3

706 460 96 102 1 6 19 787 19 18 194 14 940

958 818 528 994 299 368 171 892 557 852 75.5

4 862 384 1 426 787 522 987 405 871 51 381 54 893 3 160 980 1 268 009 967 715 300 294 919 481 78 629 106 698 82 294 659 873 239 978 210 231 419 895 394 347 30 071 15 925 9 754 748 3 152 500 2 394 363 758 137 1 902 251 395 041 330 592 171 958 3 229 170 732 123 674 106 2 497 047 2 415 493 532 360 40 876 5 514 503 2 051 469 1 588 983 462 486 1 371 861 162 167 164 768 104 845 1 540 597 410 354 372 409 1 130 243 1 086 594 98 373 20 423 3 205 805 922 890 689 851 233 039 478 424 146 320 115 741 49 921 1 278 197 247 019 231 117 1 031 178 1 003 720 200 751 13 561 1 034 440 178 141 115 529 62 612 51 966 86 554 50 083 17 192 410 376 74 750 70 580 335 626 325 179 233 236 6 892

2 657 876 320 318 33 23 3 395 1 493 1 253 239 1 166 70 84 57 494 159 137 334 314 19 7 9 390 3 313 2 732 580 2 196 431 332 127 2 494 526 483 1 968 1 910 466 28 5 618 2 271 1 903 368 1 645 170 152 76 1 215 286 258 928 896 74 12 2 914 898 727 171 504 166 123 37 994 185 173 809 790 178 10 857 142 102 40 46 93 56 13 284 54 51 230 223 214 5

736 225 862 511 751 373 114 753 951 802 947 409 468 964 526 976 991 550 166 875 172 293 679 784 895 057 198 756 289 605 013 222 592 610 408 301 177 749 484 265 162 564 421 132 435 499 553 936 392 171 543 721 999 201 798 103 897 996 648 639 154 313 485 757 152 287 395 931 099 832 792 737 339 509 531 360 356 171 461 085 471

443 187 32 38

427 435 916 945 541 3 316 7 495 862 13 837 6 828 652 5 134 495 68.5

551 200 980 986 282 1 860 3 535 670 6 673 3 219 980 2 390 103 67.6

876 235 936 959 259 1 456 3 960 192 7 164 3 608 672 2 744 392 69.3

1 436 380 114 129 14 14 1 245 514 430 84 423 13 27 17 228 67 60 160 153 15 4 4 423 1 408 1 152 255 932 98 98 45 1 448 275 258 1 172 1 150 378 12 2 369 897 749 148 665 33 45 25 637 138 127 499 487 58 6 1 526 431 347 84 243 38 35 14 614 104 99 510 502 144 4 527 78 55 23 24 26 17 5 196 33 31 163 160 176 2

706 174 54 62 8 8 572 235 195 39 192 6 12 8 107 31 28 75 72 7 2 2 000 634 517 117 420 45 44 21 658 123 116 534 523 168 6 1 077 406 337 68 300 15 20 12 292 63 58 229 223 27 3 686 193 154 38 108 17 16 6 277 46 43 231 227 64 2 236 35 24 10 11 12 7 2 88 14 13 74 72 76 1

729 205 59 67 6 6 673 279 234 44 231 7 15 9 121 36 32 84 81 8 2 2 423 773 635 138 512 52 53 23 789 151 142 637 626 210 6 1 292 491 411 80 365 17 24 13 345 75 69 269 263 31 3 839 238 192 45 134 20 19 7 336 57 55 278 274 80 2 291 43 30 12 13 14 9 2 107 18 17 89 87 99 1

850 267 448 251 605 802 758 445 288 157 698 576 936 988 066 829 818 237 746 834 215 513 014 222 792 793 564 397 367 579 603 764 976 271 855 944 859 775 594 181 041 412 125 847 571 429 957 142 382 606 482 145 653 464 189 140 637 879 137 346 140 066 206 263 234 119 509 586 164 422 612 515 393 383 662 034 741 628 626 015 343

223 87 15 18

899 862 779 016 601 759 094 012 756 256 420 559 762 722 035 629 436 406 215 472 112 102 382 187 195 050 829 755 455 960 977 214 983 807 121 550 552 027 869 158 010 804 671 127 548 236 485 312 639 138 227 286 127 689 438 983 701 163 714 419 142 756 277 313 110 069 264 228 629 599 057 324 921 614 993 599 973 394 855 873 254

219 100 16 19

951 405 669 235 004 043 664 433 532 901 278 017 174 266 031 200 382 831 531 362 103 411 632 035 597 743 735 642 912 619 626 550 993 464 734 394 307 748 725 023 031 608 454 720 023 193 472 830 743 468 255 859 526 775 751 157 936 716 423 927 998 310 929 950 124 050 245 358 535 823 555 191 472 769 669 435 768 234 771 142 089

446 391 56 73

925 262 597 471 592 5 441 16 854 257 21 473 15 468 233 13 224 309 78.5 1 717 810 213 267 42 29 2 814 1 271 1 115 156 1 024 28 58 35 370 143 126 226 216 17 8 7 673 2 927 2 480 447 1 896 231 213 84 1 998 521 486 1 477 1 445 298 22 4 604 1 959 1 693 265 1 412 78 96 48 942 272 249 670 652 52 12 2 408 831 687 143 443 93 79 25 814 192 182 622 612 113 6 660 136 98 38 39 59 38 9 241 56 54 184 180 132 3

930 720 756 689 666 720 315 566 228 338 741 530 535 116 089 146 706 943 182 447 291 277 245 205 040 263 927 665 147 909 277 522 632 857 439 682 019 154 356 798 593 690 469 714 832 405 528 427 418 957 610 437 173 990 183 818 800 173 668 976 028 279 948 786 001 828 821 918 859 059 852 437 023 765 101 844 715 257 653 481 244

86 45 6 8

679 181 915 484 84 447 1 876 105 3 063 1 718 821 1 353 830 72.2 302 93 25 30 2 2 332 140 119 20 116 3 7 4 56 17 16 38 37 3 1 192 388 322 65 258 24 24 11 388 78 73 310 305 94 2 634 244 207 37 183 7 11 6 166 37 35 128 125 13 1 414 121 99 21 68 9 9 3 166 30 29 136 134 35 143 22 16 6 6 6 4 1 55 9 9 45 44 45

114 850 008 316 307 740 943 960 972 988 746 091 240 217 613 881 128 732 268 319 757 681 215 329 886 642 702 868 057 494 084 791 410 446 111 592 477 645 002 643 550 922 317 304 315 768 036 547 854 223 201 410 079 158 921 151 801 038 373 831 325 055 506 897 273 864 794 491 169 322 941 979 513 380 348 991 700 357 695 615 527

41 25 3 4

253 085 626 714 12 104 1 037 311 1 556 949 803 764 547 73.7 148 53 13 16 1 183 77 67 10 65 1 3 2 31 10 9 20 19 1 671 226 190 36 150 11 13 5 232 49 47 182 179 30 1 354 138 118 20 104 3 5 2 94 22 21 71 70 4 239 73 61 12 41 4 4 1 101 19 19 81 80 11 76 14 10 3 4 3 2 36 7 6 29 28 14

409 515 744 738 921 034 076 885 007 878 154 369 863 097 272 864 967 408 777 076 360 334 571 044 527 557 935 104 255 015 818 671 197 923 577 320 647 439 082 357 428 693 986 916 198 917 557 281 090 431 556 851 831 367 464 798 691 724 679 496 834 205 662 889 173 459 836 301 595 706 331 551 394 660 321 067 909 254 944 973 305

318 320 46 60

993 996 056 273 496 4 890 13 940 841 16 854 12 799 609 11 105 932 79.7 1 267 663 175 220 39 25 2 298 1 052 928 124 842 24 47 28 282 114 100 167 159 13 7 5 809 2 312 1 967 344 1 487 195 175 67 1 378 393 365 985 960 173 18 3 614 1 576 1 368 207 1 124 67 79 39 682 211 192 470 456 35 10 1 754 636 527 108 333 79 65 20 546 141 134 404 397 66 5 440 100 72 28 28 48 31 7 149 39 38 109 107 71 2

407 355 004 635 438 946 296 721 249 472 841 070 432 802 204 401 611 803 137 052 174 262 459 832 627 064 290 693 835 400 375 060 025 488 751 770 895 070 272 798 615 075 166 494 319 720 935 599 474 303 853 176 263 465 798 869 308 411 616 649 869 019 780 000 555 505 191 126 095 031 580 907 116 725 432 786 106 646 014 893 412

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

399

Section Five: Census Data

Table 38.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Household and Family Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

United States

In central city

Total

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area Outside urbanized area

Rural

8 684 794 8 377 576 3 139 108 180 365 680 349 678 457 455 457 398 579 414 435 265 559 65 907 2 274 206 1 804 411 469 795 864 902 352 211 267 783 512 691 461 059 1 823 278 2 741 372 131 886 68 494 47 997 101 258 47 020 107 330 169 833 307 218 139 302 35 409 89 406 14 487 167 916 101 221 40 774 2 843 946 380 800 20 952 2.67 3.16

26 442 280 25 909 203 9 130 495 299 271 1 788 127 2 281 616 1 705 944 1 322 083 1 067 066 548 330 118 058 7 323 787 6 255 769 1 068 018 1 806 708 882 759 683 338 923 949 823 043 6 354 564 8 739 004 376 432 151 851 149 617 278 763 122 737 171 950 433 790 533 077 365 079 206 858 104 937 53 284 167 998 54 135 30 730 4 638 2 519 279 4 570 71 127 2.84 3.19

Total

Inside urbanized area

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

984 200 682 098 908 222 122 965 994 897 472 096 326 769 585 362 898 223 960 395 343 932 368 265 533 233 520 926 783 992 367 528 97 790 539 102 11 2 2 6 124

132 878 146 648 306 021 242 637 542 776 974 878 903 975 268 073 738 195 156 600 514 062 920 352 318 355 075 536 254 892 540 153 199 362 474 503 746 536 202 922 979 2.62 3.11

1 520 259 1 440 821 575 362 53 114 122 872 114 453 75 463 72 352 80 014 46 541 10 553 386 370 298 214 88 156 188 992 83 573 58 958 105 419 88 410 305 271 423 056 21 844 11 239 8 043 14 294 8 972 45 339 27 401 79 438 25 067 9 532 12 423 3 112 54 371 33 956 16 404 990 120 95 230 2 576 2.50 3.03

9 873 345 9 260 687 3 735 404 321 561 764 503 722 703 489 018 476 672 516 752 350 746 93 449 2 461 444 1 876 987 584 457 1 273 960 510 836 386 613 763 124 678 126 1 893 519 2 832 942 151 319 72 122 45 646 91 903 50 626 207 328 179 878 612 658 226 743 69 032 132 704 25 007 385 915 315 157 36 781 6 031 926 1 239 1 728 24 053 2.48 3.07

9 458 347 9 042 315 3 628 132 207 879 675 034 683 846 487 753 494 456 565 862 404 022 109 280 2 475 242 1 904 840 570 402 1 152 890 417 492 340 030 735 398 687 004 1 922 133 2 830 255 165 542 67 287 44 960 92 764 40 747 85 803 164 692 416 032 249 482 60 609 169 189 19 684 166 550 116 123 26 820 2 271 299 510 1 052 19 475 2.49 3.07

35 132 181 34 457 055 12 743 248 516 094 2 345 897 2 701 019 2 070 008 1 922 157 1 831 914 1 096 467 259 692 9 773 822 8 246 862 1 526 960 2 969 426 1 350 172 1 113 137 1 619 254 1 506 616 8 274 677 11 257 261 593 357 218 272 166 703 334 357 133 010 181 605 554 565 675 126 491 600 228 367 213 837 49 396 183 526 74 238 22 498 2 454 1 191 358 3 912 78 875 2.70 3.13

682 858 938 548 149 402 493 291

146 894 185 400 042 638 000 987

362 368 442 822 204 480 934 112

3 735 404 1 064 739 1 211 945 606 407 508 930 220 682 76 971 45 730

3 628 132 1 027 034 1 183 441 576 522 494 884 220 164 78 413 47 674

12 2 4 2 2

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Grandchild Brother or sister Parent Other relatives Roomer, boarder, or foster child Housemate or roommate Other nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

248 242 91 5 19 20 14 12 11 6 1 64 50 14 27 12 9 15 13 50 76 4 2 1 3 1 4 4 6 3 1 1

709 012 947 049 849 393 303 379 516 786 669 517 133 384 429 141 206 287 373 708 728 189 628 747 385 595 110 971 697 334 115 772 446 3 363 1 953 589 178 49 11 52 528

873 129 410 358 651 073 214 413 582 873 246 947 040 907 463 701 811 762 609 322 438 274 549 569 190 204 674 499 744 018 111 032 875 726 558 700 638 734 768 038 290 2.63 3.16

192 187 71 3 15 16 11 9 8 4 1 49 37 11 21 9 7 12 10 38 59 3 2 1 2 1 3 4 4 2

725 811 265 950 941 171 180 413 522 889 196 421 806 614 844 779 308 064 413 312 384 257 259 482 851 361 590 044 914 341 747 1 243 349 2 573 1 414 487 166 47 9 45 403

410 420 593 269 094 938 520 576

71 17 22 12 10 4 1 1

741 251 264 710 345 052 972 776 040 097 272 069 137 932 195 628 073 567 453 722 924 212 629 217 872 849 599 963 490 126 571 879 676 364 084 197 892 198 566 116 311 2.64 3.18

77 75 29 2 7 6 4 3 3 2

264 526 408 869 052 300 520 589

29 8 9 4 3 1

18 12 5 11 5 3 6 5 12 22 1 1 1 2 1 2 1

1

843 285 793 171 034 353 195 724 551 179 583 677 910 767 116 022 769 093 219 969 977 698 222 646 363 682 027 904 557 032 305 563 163 525 926 189 135 34 7 31 199

533 754 822 190 476 077 419 861 080 811 908 817 089 728 005 267 856 738 504 640 553 171 724 682 058 097 443 564 779 509 339 594 576 270 583 249 632 760 272 933 841 2.53 3.19

114 112 41 1 8 9 6 5 4 2

793 989 009 794 771 798 772 658

822 360 226 091 592 739 171 643

41 8 13 7 6 2 1

30 24 5 10 4 3 5 5 25 36 1 1 1 1 2 2 1

1

882 525 471 779 906 817 985 688 970 709 612 743 896 847 728 757 538 970 193 343 407 559 036 835 488 679 563 140 356 308 442 680 186 048 487 297 31 12 2 13 203

208 497 442 520 869 975 553 915 960 286 364 252 048 204 190 361 217 829 949 082 371 041 905 535 814 752 156 399 711 617 232 285 100 094 501 948 260 438 294 183 470 2.71 3.17

79 78 29 1 6 6 4 3 3 1

471 732 506 627 939 987 035 642

442 166 182 778 460 561 349 946

29 6 9 5 4 2

21 16 4 8 3 2 4 3 17 24 1 1 1 1 1

755 238 201 299 438 857 824 968 489 895 428 145 835 309 056 522 587 534 909 165 926 050 816 637 108 509 283 536 516 804 199 485 118 712 332 226 23 8 1 7 111

134 718 839 884 393 902 152 253 459 397 399 259 868 391 580 391 096 189 847 240 995 723 560 921 793 995 876 776 416 236 965 942 329 180 145 444 779 973 635 813 391 2.68 3.16

201 496 481 295 726 032 712 456

839 943 235 174 835 673 724 255

55 54 20 1 3 4 3 2 2 1 15 12 2 5 2 1 3 2 12 17

1

HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Households person persons persons persons persons persons or more persons

91 22 29 15 13 6 2 1

947 580 453 970 860 188 300 593

265 721 515 421 711 786 807 301

3 139 728 1 009 550 497 221 79 51

108 842 504 226 954 374 495 713

9 1 3 1 1

130 506 015 782 714 733 243 134

495 381 443 378 671 514 130 978

20 4 6 3 3 1

575 147 202 95 78 32 11 7

743 619 340 269 067 929 325 191

248 753 357 649 024 312 682 471

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

64 517 947 30 877 675 7 884 751

49 421 069 23 690 098 6 233 747

18 677 817 8 942 878 2 464 860

30 743 252 14 747 220 3 768 887

21 145 259 10 031 359 2 659 357

2 274 206 1 143 561 295 000

7 323 787 3 572 300 814 530

15 096 878 7 187 577 1 651 004

386 370 178 948 48 474

2 461 444 1 203 546 309 637

2 475 242 1 185 191 286 917

9 773 822 4 619 892 1 005 976

6 50 23 6

4 38 17 4

1 12 5 1

2 25 11 3

2 17 8 2

244 1 823 878 234

881 278 431 393

721 317 6 354 564 3 073 620 719 783

1 12 5 1

36 305 132 37

251 1 893 860 225

250 1 922 856 209

959 988 8 274 677 3 818 839 843 134

403 708 494 226

526 322 726 406

905 312 826 910

043 722 575 955

926 969 850 719

362 640 250 271

978 343 976 191

681 082 325 684

012 165 024 237

483 240 274 508

498 395 668 315

483 600 151 451

971 271 108 313

156 519 588 036

368 133 616 968

5 141 106

3 899 750

1 325 877

2 573 873

1 724 131

200 270

649 472

1 241 356

29 357

191 215

192 562

828 222

10 666 043 6 028 409 1 272 224

8 593 820 4 816 841 1 019 419

4 536 147 2 623 371 597 500

4 057 673 2 193 470 421 919

3 020 908 1 614 205 314 190

349 423 213 749 45 721

687 342 365 516 62 008

2 072 223 1 211 568 252 805

65 158 39 481 9 075

461 284 290 028 68 816

449 636 276 646 62 069

1 096 145 605 413 112 845

1 086 510

868 595

533 188

335 407

241 622

29 133 699 10 949 816 14 141 120 622 444 3 306 188 3 347 704 2 291 167 2 029 114 1 667 088 877 415 810 042 795 474 2 437 247 32 408 993 9 597 476 13 903 105 979 309 3 630 031 3 250 309 2 180 296 1 891 851 1 407 714 563 595 1 229 566 4 058 865 3 619 981

43 658 007 12 297 945 26 668 748 821 890 5 739 178 6 882 534 4 991 710 3 963 576 2 932 818 1 337 042 726 798 980 522 2 983 994 46 415 831 9 909 761 26 406 408 1 368 977 6 592 861 6 888 694 4 686 216 3 586 051 2 437 745 845 864 981 504 4 944 154 4 174 004

30 256 659 8 882 775 18 099 762 540 335 3 945 083 4 629 172 3 328 328 2 704 578 2 028 014 924 252 511 795 681 493 2 080 834 32 704 340 7 372 241 17 938 899 900 537 4 523 901 4 636 810 3 137 541 2 453 933 1 696 204 589 973 727 581 3 534 368 3 131 251

37 694

56 091

217 915

10 218 401 2 530 374 6 642 346 196 329 1 347 933 1 787 026 1 346 991 995 673 677 511 290 883 157 586 216 390 671 705 10 209 151 1 818 660 6 565 505 333 045 1 577 152 1 798 407 1 250 906 883 422 545 639 176 934 168 481 949 492 707 013

21 025 609 5 556 857 12 971 377 528 366 2 597 788 2 998 316 2 250 797 2 011 801 1 687 612 896 697 359 557 601 593 1 536 225 22 499 863 4 247 998 12 834 583 865 561 2 919 820 2 971 579 2 194 200 1 920 323 1 408 429 554 671 465 770 3 118 920 1 832 592

6 745

53 451

51 087

106 632

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Separated Widowed Divorced

93 28 53 1 11 13 9 8 6 3 1 2 6 101 23 53 3 13 13 9 7 5 1 2 12 9

817 804 781 972 643 228 533 004 287 111 896 377 957 324 755 144 213 142 110 060 398 253 964 676 121 626

315 618 245 700 154 554 674 491 518 154 397 589 466 687 235 096 847 712 582 712 225 888 130 840 939 577

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

400

72 23 40 1 9 10 7 5 4 2 1 1 5 78 19 40 2 10 10 6 5 3 1 2 9 7

791 247 809 444 045 230 282 992 599 214 536 775 421 824 507 309 348 222 139 866 477 845 409 211 003 793

706 761 868 334 366 238 877 690 906 457 840 996 241 824 237 513 286 892 003 512 902 459 459 070 019 985

3 182 884 1 926 85 446 466 316 263 227 121 57 82 231 3 502 718 1 902 135 491 453 297 248 195 78 85 460 335

947 796 640 226 162 336 391 325 293 907 417 639 455 340 860 004 395 808 477 769 696 902 957 442 294 740

582 185 329 16 73 74 49 46 46 23 10 14 41 627 155 318 22 75 70 47 46 39 15 16 77 60

535 824 625 056 881 374 091 874 148 201 949 201 936 686 732 154 919 986 283 744 660 372 190 086 024 690

3 649 913 1 189 149 2 001 815 104 008 430 533 452 024 314 120 291 571 261 593 147 966 65 894 102 916 290 139 4 132 250 1 009 265 1 976 110 156 110 466 317 441 288 306 393 284 417 225 452 96 133 100 837 617 358 428 680

3 405 931 2 025 91 407 441 319 304 286 173 63 117 268 3 979 774 2 004 145 446 434 315 302 247 112 99 707 393

869 131 025 383 634 497 765 962 495 289 349 653 711 447 987 787 315 740 773 683 142 950 184 460 112 101

13 387 292 3 250 753 8 614 912 316 919 1 685 740 2 030 421 1 567 821 1 368 394 1 093 376 552 241 219 365 366 823 935 439 13 760 480 2 308 014 8 535 532 541 217 1 930 777 2 025 235 1 524 380 1 287 104 895 655 331 164 249 387 1 717 426 950 121

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

51

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 39.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics for Selected Age Groups: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Persons under 6 years Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 6 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 60 to 64 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 to 74 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 75 to 84 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

52

Outside metropolitan area Urban

Urban

Outside urbanized area

United States

Total

In central city

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

Inside urbanized area

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

22 043 976 19 526 799 15 624 526 70.9

17 240 837 15 222 435 12 113 150 70.3

7 089 055 6 042 806 4 196 786 59.2

10 151 782 9 179 629 7 916 364 78.0

7 019 006 6 343 832 5 435 688 77.4

824 676 744 147 603 866 73.2

2 308 100 2 091 650 1 876 810 81.3

4 803 139 4 304 364 3 511 376 73.1

129 450 116 784 91 794 70.9

855 009 768 272 573 326 67.1

825 509 736 361 555 158 67.3

2 993 171 2 682 947 2 291 098 76.5

3 177 757 1 772 503 350 311 356 147 5 798 32 418 63 604 432 90 847 57 461 020 44 642 569 70.2

2 543 814 1 404 365 293 542 287 867 5 067 27 561 48 686 531 65 590 43 851 711 33 705 198 69.2

166 61 10 12

153 65 10 12

10 3 1 1

8 497 699 2 721 326 962 700 877 819 110 936 96 449 7 997 871 3 412 284 2 788 684 623 600 2 603 874 167 874 222 325 161 015 1 341 688 468 148 407 486 873 540 821 168 60 183 28 628 23 004 177 7 893 741 6 328 702 1 565 039 5 033 966 965 575 784 296 347 443 6 713 668 1 497 026 1 378 007 5 216 642 5 058 287 1 181 286 84 202 13 451 453 5 294 509 4 326 520 967 989 3 719 803 383 226 371 440 209 082 3 227 531 822 984 745 145 2 404 547 2 317 707 204 561 41 301 7 319 072 2 214 910 1 739 368 475 542 1 196 210 369 391 285 214 102 161 2 674 187 519 481 486 630 2 154 706 2 102 531 448 590 28 409 2 233 652 384 322 262 814 121 508 117 953 212 958 127 642 36 200 811 950 154 561 146 232 657 389 638 049 528 135 14 492

10 4 3 3

1 1 1 31 10 8 2 6 1 9 2 1 7 6 1 18 7 5 1 5

4 1 1 3 3 10 3 2 1

3 2 2 3

1

674 493 172 121 142 122 616 547 767 780 534 191 277 193 752 610 535 141 078 83 35 241 801 759 041 927 156 975 428 171 055 902 116 922 676 104 106 180 935 244 094 444 458 255 336 107 008 228 122 284 52 055 084 452 632 669 445 354 127 702 728 685 973 909 636 34 080 536 371 164 163 266 161 45 132 218 208 913 889 755 17

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

900 999 053 322 403 788 167 773 182 591 867 144 637 362 554 929 746 625 441 227 603 831 438 574 864 364 730 410 761 263 016 614 247 231 062 803 558 147 417 730 657 833 783 538 435 687 447 748 786 107 058 108 715 506 209 485 654 789 374 158 341 775 817 526 138 795 165 576 651 925 222 243 838 849 670 988 392 682 919 817 950

1 565 724 162 138 3 17 19 198 35 16 730 11 159

191 813 432 441 371 192 816 277 004 396 58.1

4 816 382 1 411 489 517 103 399 271 51 170 54 502 3 127 576 1 254 088 956 413 297 675 907 791 77 711 105 809 81 467 654 791 238 342 208 847 416 449 391 148 30 051 15 868 9 646 893 3 112 373 2 360 558 751 815 1 874 392 390 288 326 862 170 030 3 202 426 725 749 668 388 2 476 677 2 396 008 529 821 40 701 5 447 877 2 024 568 1 566 211 458 357 1 351 557 160 151 163 039 103 732 1 526 512 406 666 369 163 1 119 846 1 076 694 97 999 20 319 3 172 834 911 524 680 286 231 238 471 588 144 582 114 357 49 347 1 268 287 244 916 229 179 1 023 371 996 204 199 630 13 519 1 026 182 176 281 114 061 62 220 51 247 85 555 49 466 16 951 407 627 74 167 70 046 333 460 323 110 232 192 6 863

978 679 131 149 1 10 29 487 30 27 121 22 545

623 552 110 426 696 369 715 313 707 802 76.5

713 464 97 104 1 6 19 911 20 18 302 15 023

992 947 831 602 288 506 363 032 350 091 75.4

3 681 317 1 309 837 445 597 478 548 59 766 41 947 4 870 295 2 158 196 1 832 271 325 925 1 696 083 90 163 116 516 79 548 686 897 229 806 198 639 457 091 430 020 30 132 12 760 13 357 284 4 781 368 3 968 144 813 224 3 159 574 575 287 457 434 177 413 3 511 242 771 277 709 619 2 739 965 2 662 279 651 465 43 501 8 003 576 3 269 941 2 760 309 509 632 2 368 246 223 075 208 401 105 350 1 701 019 416 318 375 982 1 284 701 1 241 013 106 562 20 982 4 146 238 1 303 386 1 059 082 244 304 724 622 224 809 170 857 52 814 1 405 900 274 565 257 451 1 131 335 1 106 327 248 960 14 890 1 207 470 208 041 148 753 59 288 66 706 127 403 78 176 19 249 404 323 80 394 76 186 323 929 314 939 295 943 7 629

2 676 883 325 322 34 23 3 398 1 494 1 254 240 1 166 71 84 58 495 160 138 334 314 19 7 9 399 3 314 2 732 581 2 195 433 334 128 2 498 526 483 1 971 1 913 466 28 5 622 2 272 1 903 368 1 644 171 153 76 1 217 286 258 930 897 74 12 2 918 899 727 171 504 167 124 37 996 185 173 810 792 178 10 858 143 102 40 46 94 56 13 285 54 51 230 223 213 5

427 481 039 887 033 541 304 769 474 295 824 091 883 372 283 295 231 988 549 865 217 300 461 795 666 518 507 107 083 794 832 900 962 722 424 406 488 086 188 898 623 834 168 581 373 882 861 491 767 216 607 019 103 251 852 033 663 479 887 294 501 594 793 013 252 308 793 272 356 916 862 010 460 615 127 449 445 678 942 956 491

111 56 10 12

654 038 510 774 81 1 126 2 356 034 3 416 2 156 336 1 696 133 72.0 377 110 36 42 3 4 351 148 125 23 121 4 8 5 57 17 15 39 38 3 1 1 172 390 323 67 262 32 29 13 355 70 65 285 278 84 3 653 254 214 39 190 11 13 7 160 35 32 124 121 13 2 392 116 94 21 66 12 10 4 149 26 25 122 120 32 1 126 20 14 5 6 7 5 1 45 8 7 37 36 39

314 229 207 045 404 397 627 649 387 262 561 936 129 718 692 762 608 930 029 534 408 916 552 400 152 884 431 635 737 349 325 314 024 740 499 829 404 094 142 952 194 869 673 963 341 736 584 605 201 149 121 857 359 807 552 164 687 884 210 200 526 033 674 601 187 166 655 099 451 648 526 875 078 564 808 063 697 745 938 163 542

152 158 22 32

977 567 769 050 327 2 737 7 220 318 6 865 6 663 021 5 826 578 80.7

1

2 1

1

627 316 84 113 22 14 120 514 452 62 407 14 23 15 133 51 44 82 77 6 4 785 076 911 164 701 109 93 35 657 174 160 482 469 100 11 727 743 642 100 533 39 41 20 323 93 84 229 222 19 6 835 287 237 50 154 44 35 10 260 62 58 197 193 38 3 222 44 31 12 13 25 16 4 73 17 17 55 54 42 1

576 127 351 616 329 009 364 778 410 368 698 136 504 458 922 749 800 173 442 733 135 068 355 949 406 172 349 692 593 099 120 405 979 817 542 266 684 761 979 782 429 372 560 806 305 700 537 605 045 197 254 362 924 024 900 425 459 494 717 406 538 824 868 713 521 416 022 670 946 724 318 518 638 070 388 882 044 506 059 824 596

633 368 56 68

943 138 769 280 731 4 857 14 917 901 25 257 13 609 309 10 937 371 73.3 2 177 772 209 243 31 26 2 618 1 135 978 156 930 23 55 32 410 142 128 268 257 23 6 8 237 2 907 2 430 476 1 893 191 191 81 2 457 557 524 1 899 1 863 494 20 4 655 1 885 1 608 276 1 374 61 87 46 1 108 284 263 824 805 79 10 2 736 869 713 156 473 76 69 25 1 027 208 199 819 806 187 6 846 152 108 43 45 53 34 9 320 64 62 256 251 227 3

201 673 353 503 467 339 296 489 498 991 993 270 312 347 866 781 260 085 273 044 975 654 697 872 825 398 155 114 318 595 990 607 605 944 776 601 105 638 897 741 854 607 343 456 904 703 302 201 079 546 757 036 805 138 667 275 263 575 213 971 860 145 111 995 548 386 513 254 837 417 269 285 196 649 720 427 160 293 870 682 458

21 9 1 1

292 019 524 892 33 198 364 496 591 333 277 252 938 69.4 69 17 5 6 65 27 23 4 23 1 10 3 2 7 7 215 76 64 12 52 5 5 2 60 12 11 47 46 11 126 50 43 7 38 1 2 1 29 6 6 22 21 1 69 22 18 4 13 2 1 24 4 4 19 19 4 19 3 2 1 1 1 7 1 1 5 5 5

127 985 103 286 476 778 615 567 045 522 665 733 329 951 664 276 890 388 003 601 105 644 920 174 746 889 590 318 437 188 776 796 412 114 953 349 382 957 334 623 505 873 361 449 057 987 319 070 399 996 184 297 440 307 133 151 198 937 723 101 468 232 633 171 645 102 965 523 533 990 233 519 020 265 030 321 245 709 544 312 63

044 599 692 951 218 1 277 2 474 261 4 882 2 252 067 1 647 847 66.6

038 329 783 129 215 692 2 466 691 5 191 2 238 294 1 656 346 67.1

569 191 770 308 265 2 690 9 612 453 14 593 8 785 671 7 380 240 76.8

520 124 37 42 6 6 419 171 142 28 140 4 9 6 80 23 21 57 54 5 1 1 475 463 377 86 305 31 31 15 496 93 87 403 395 125 5 791 296 246 50 218 10 14 8 220 47 44 172 168 20 2 508 141 113 28 79 12 11 4 209 34 32 174 171 47 1 176 25 18 7 8 8 5 1 67 10 10 56 55 57 1

498 136 37 41 4 3 442 181 151 29 150 3 9 5 83 24 22 59 57 6 1 1 665 518 423 95 341 31 34 15 560 105 99 454 447 159 3 865 324 270 54 240 10 15 8 240 51 48 189 185 23 1 587 163 131 31 91 12 12 4 240 40 38 200 197 60 1 211 30 21 9 9 9 6 1 78 13 12 65 64 75

1 088 493 129 153 20 15 1 690 755 661 93 615 14 34 19 235 91 81 144 138 10 4 4 880 1 847 1 565 282 1 193 122 119 48 1 340 346 325 993 974 197 11 2 871 1 213 1 048 164 877 39 54 27 618 178 164 440 429 33 6 1 570 542 450 92 289 49 43 14 553 129 123 424 418 74 3 438 92 66 25 26 33 21 5 167 38 37 128 126 89 1

387 678 116 331 626 561 559 464 666 798 699 230 077 127 715 697 423 018 708 680 567 939 987 432 555 928 522 535 278 960 033 488 927 736 682 047 656 533 297 236 471 479 435 592 219 497 097 722 578 494 433 042 560 121 439 379 221 402 793 186 543 856 643 715 913 588 241 894 014 880 078 822 698 893 555 993 535 562 443 275 026

771 505 985 154 238 324 770 345 467 878 867 967 969 656 730 586 190 144 040 074 162 251 941 528 413 356 848 623 161 223 504 638 719 126 297 802 586 918 742 176 160 072 777 582 944 796 137 148 272 339 794 711 310 335 975 743 679 690 771 712 517 753 195 464 520 286 954 713 451 262 453 097 156 808 567 191 748 376 390 438 722

293 232 33 41

916 505 149 732 127 676 352 113 320 793 762 340 937 613 757 222 757 535 522 689 141 820 849 738 111 225 195 638 442 224 677 685 547 968 844 403 481 230 524 706 718 183 770 833 684 423 749 261 830 717 346 986 495 375 120 002 165 546 926 972 332 304 640 645 470 410 353 124 839 285 505 847 322 683 568 922 632 646 493 657 647

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

401

Section Five: Census Data

Table 40.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Household and Family Characteristics by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

29 986 060 28 722 227 9 976 161 660 603 2 395 744 2 363 511 1 581 500 1 282 818 1 033 694 531 038 127 253 6 986 624 3 491 868 3 494 756 2 989 537 1 407 716 1 140 836 1 581 821 1 395 517 3 319 653 10 906 346 1 576 812 565 426 244 216 686 258 310 473 382 238 754 644 1 263 833 744 500 508 084 135 837 100 579 519 333 208 021 129 889 73 385 19 647 3 469 15 768 69 154 2.87 3.48

1 959 234 1 902 958 591 372 45 373 149 553 148 317 100 356 70 351 48 640 23 236 5 546 442 161 288 587 153 574 149 211 77 851 57 519 71 360 58 473 284 695 758 135 74 998 25 951 11 064 41 788 18 548 28 936 67 471 56 276 28 050 17 791 4 997 5 262 28 226 9 420 5 592 4 522 1 146 468 1 470 5 608 3.12 3.60

7 273 662 7 120 735 2 013 735 120 460 515 322 584 616 371 877 220 744 132 878 56 008 11 830 1 559 043 1 279 456 279 587 454 692 255 465 174 915 199 227 153 415 1 462 478 2 538 730 91 660 188 499 178 580 255 227 67 844 205 371 118 611 152 927 22 992 7 518 9 723 5 751 129 935 96 025 13 766 2 270 1 110 199 363 16 202 3.34 3.80

9 804 847 9 594 769 2 486 037 264 104 832 307 646 114 355 062 215 051 115 933 47 249 10 217 2 068 474 1 457 425 611 049 417 563 254 530 160 099 163 033 125 270 1 359 345 3 934 640 237 187 326 306 103 989 434 954 118 684 270 149 323 478 210 078 96 414 75 587 9 183 11 644 113 664 30 115 25 087 10 590 3 876 784 2 156 41 056 3.85 4.10

22 354 059 21 836 827 6 001 718 520 030 1 754 958 1 480 178 912 068 659 209 424 711 204 060 46 504 4 789 261 3 465 108 1 324 153 1 212 457 666 964 445 710 545 493 442 938 3 390 585 8 647 554 546 787 638 238 248 313 851 868 257 711 571 286 682 767 517 232 261 693 197 400 32 568 31 725 255 539 70 964 43 754 27 634 16 663 1 770 4 812 89 942 3.53 3.88

188 183 73 3 15 15 11 10 9 5 1 50 41 9 22 9 7 12 11 42 54 1 1 1 1

White

White, not of Hispanic origin

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Grandchild Brother or sister Parent Other relatives Roomer, boarder, or foster child Housemate or roommate Other nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

248 242 91 5 19 20 14 12 11 6 1 64 50 14 27 12 9 15 13 50 76 4 2 1 3 1 4 4 6 3 1 1

709 012 947 049 849 393 303 379 516 786 669 517 133 384 429 141 206 287 373 708 728 189 628 747 385 595 110 971 697 334 115 772 446 3 363 1 953 589 178 49 11 52 528

873 129 410 358 651 073 214 413 582 873 246 947 040 907 463 701 811 762 609 322 438 274 549 569 190 204 674 499 744 018 111 032 875 726 558 700 638 734 768 038 290 2.63 3.16

199 194 76 3 15 16 11 10 10 6 1 53 43 9 23 10 7 13 11 44 58 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 2

686 671 880 958 956 650 894 590 185 129 514 461 615 845 418 146 673 272 640 282 590 208 522 209 966 079 223 707 014 442 506 1 612 323 2 572 1 609 415 87 23 6 32 396

070 440 105 818 725 515 419 449 437 342 400 645 704 941 460 139 442 321 934 151 587 617 367 720 963 655 980 295 630 062 131 292 639 568 977 366 871 955 848 281 270 2.54 3.06

2 3 4 2 1 2 1

128 362 633 724 108 887 382 176 894 980 479 946 726 219 687 767 411 919 347 369 236 932 239 077 584 956 946 383 765 313 417 590 306 451 572 400 76 15 6 30 351

296 643 749 039 146 702 028 763 863 518 690 609 664 945 140 227 319 913 225 862 497 774 968 947 694 543 700 909 653 717 003 191 523 936 872 320 433 042 060 190 019 2.51 3.03

HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Households person persons persons persons persons persons or more persons

91 22 29 15 13 6 2 1

947 580 453 970 860 188 300 593

410 420 593 269 094 938 520 576

76 19 26 13 11 4 1

880 314 017 146 339 704 534 822

105 376 821 638 607 211 767 685

9 2 2 1 1

976 536 412 888 514 844 408 371

161 353 716 927 272 022 860 011

591 115 147 109 99 59 30 28

372 992 234 371 796 786 877 316

2 013 328 445 368 411 227 116 116

735 330 293 676 524 069 659 184

2 486 285 430 456 494 353 209 255

037 369 529 657 895 850 357 380

6 001 718 888 648 1 241 704 1 105 289 1 128 662 754 298 419 758 463 359

73 18 25 12 10 4 1

633 758 261 549 754 336 342 629

749 544 316 531 986 778 808 786

64 30 7 6 50 23 6 5 10 6 1 1

517 877 884 403 708 494 226 141 666 028 272 086

947 675 751 526 322 726 406 106 043 409 224 510

53 24 6 4 44 19 5 4 6 3

461 355 339 814 383 777 322 183 806 607 755 522

645 935 932 910 489 362 689 673 746 568 093 760

6 986 624 3 906 750 863 609 906 717 3 410 345 1 779 772 387 805 431 421 3 051 679 1 897 145 404 562 438 499

442 266 62 68 283 165 36 45 120 78 18 18

161 497 305 514 818 951 796 468 901 879 436 683

1 559 916 241 196 1 265 790 215 177 190 96 18 15

043 967 935 525 598 212 773 051 898 429 515 628

2 068 474 1 431 526 376 970 416 860 1 365 072 981 429 263 343 303 493 495 819 348 388 75 618 90 940

4 789 261 3 031 070 779 248 835 326 3 297 572 2 132 498 561 236 621 907 1 062 464 697 964 146 494 171 533

50 22 5 4 42 18 5 3 6 3

946 887 970 430 563 698 043 884 312 306 694 454

609 074 672 159 582 437 535 802 278 284 886 363

93 28 53 1 11 13 9 8 6 3 1 2 6 101 23 53 3 13 13 9 7 5 1 2 12 9

817 804 781 972 643 228 533 004 287 111 896 377 957 324 755 144 213 142 110 060 398 253 964 676 121 626

315 618 245 700 154 554 674 491 518 154 397 589 466 687 235 096 847 712 582 712 225 888 130 840 939 577

76 21 46 1 9 11 8 7 5 2 1 1 5 82 17 45 2 11 11 7 6 4 1 1 10 7

874 578 372 572 678 201 232 114 723 849 181 955 785 692 175 931 624 014 149 883 607 828 823 525 279 779

142 604 679 107 697 537 405 980 507 446 969 833 057 612 748 802 923 335 892 200 211 504 737 724 559 779

10 096 983 4 481 750 3 888 986 177 298 918 645 1 016 826 697 340 534 130 367 806 176 941 553 921 332 048 840 278 11 830 476 4 526 232 3 660 332 240 270 978 382 960 598 633 620 467 787 278 488 101 187 883 141 1 407 003 1 353 768

667 258 305 18 79 82 57 37 21 9 19 15 68 702 208 313 28 91 84 53 32 16 5 29 60 89

623 558 865 431 048 864 318 583 490 131 694 279 227 215 846 686 869 617 898 914 645 471 272 119 835 729

2 673 734 1 021 395 1 499 565 33 783 355 285 468 743 301 171 178 883 111 194 50 506 35 914 35 088 81 772 2 862 398 789 782 1 680 315 80 694 496 571 526 942 288 575 180 433 86 151 20 949 51 857 205 178 135 266

3 504 833 1 464 311 1 714 150 171 081 611 479 458 584 245 440 138 915 63 521 25 130 104 899 39 341 182 132 3 236 986 1 054 627 1 557 961 239 091 561 807 388 252 201 403 110 149 44 274 12 985 186 999 169 364 268 035

8 027 749 3 182 556 4 019 205 328 437 1 265 646 1 038 302 623 845 426 920 232 733 103 322 234 293 115 417 476 278 7 743 317 2 314 256 3 823 012 471 130 1 242 814 946 316 560 527 367 581 176 810 57 834 387 012 526 640 692 397

72 20 44 1 9 10 7 6 5 2 1 1 5 78 16 43 2 10 10 7 6 4 1 1 9 7

711 020 216 425 069 663 878 842 562 775 071 886 516 542 040 808 407 378 630 546 362 701 780 353 947 392

218 480 737 280 003 609 916 599 207 123 108 226 667 165 666 428 300 765 823 211 847 931 551 273 279 519

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Separated Widowed Divorced

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

402

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

53

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 41.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics for Selected Age Groups by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

Persons under 6 years Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 6 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 60 to 64 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

22 043 976 19 526 799 15 624 526 70.9 3 177 757 1 772 503 350 311 356 147 5 798 32 418 63 604 432 90 847 57 461 020 44 642 569 70.2 10 674 900 3 493 999 1 172 053 1 121 322 142 403 122 788 10 616 167 4 547 773 3 767 182 780 591 3 534 867 191 144 277 637 193 362 1 752 554 610 929 535 746 1 141 625 1 078 441 83 227 35 603

16 417 702 15 092 950 13 029 756 79.4 1 594 586 919 905 156 341 229 266 3 661 15 579 47 628 229 66 162 44 291 517 36 979 207 77.6 5 834 754 1 806 232 551 386 761 352 83 827 67 753 9 211 123 3 961 998 3 393 138 568 860 3 210 638 113 833 201 111 142 380 1 484 100 504 285 442 894 979 815 928 578 67 258 29 805

3 331 457 2 472 538 1 100 527 33.0 1 232 057 653 637 116 134 77 119 1 628 10 401 9 584 415 12 924 7 592 854 3 450 352 36.0 3 763 245 1 327 588 357 563 213 259 45 818 34 409 961 619 408 667 239 137 169 530 206 934 28 331 45 900 35 684 218 507 87 021 76 154 131 486 121 986 13 726 3 870

242 607 197 069 124 432 51.3 54 587 32 982 6 025 5 782 131 618 696 967 1 104 584 587 379 714 54.5 160 515 65 720 19 888 19 263 3 329 3 076 51 389 23 077 16 210 6 867 13 156 1 385 1 737 1 468 9 726 4 047 3 559 5 679 5 260 518 322

711 633 639 465 576 388 81.0 47 565 43 419 17 596 9 967 181 1 005 2 083 387 2 042 1 894 076 1 666 429 80.0 172 769 79 874 67 761 32 931 2 181 4 522 218 517 79 338 65 485 13 853 63 061 31 553 17 163 6 683 19 217 6 746 5 778 12 471 11 474 665 837

1 340 577 1 124 777 793 423 59.2 248 962 122 560 54 215 34 013 197 4 815 3 611 434 8 615 3 097 986 2 166 867 60.0 743 617 214 585 175 455 94 517 7 248 13 028 173 519 74 693 53 212 21 481 41 078 16 042 11 726 7 147 21 004 8 830 7 361 12 174 11 143 1 060 769

2 844 613 2 394 875 1 746 172 61.4 488 906 270 577 99 693 69 263 717 9 488 7 757 500 16 681 6 686 817 4 805 660 61.9 1 504 305 488 361 325 328 195 816 17 557 26 940 553 642 234 732 178 505 56 227 150 445 35 578 31 757 19 996 74 777 30 043 25 151 44 734 40 994 3 638 2 719

15 031 962 13 916 227 12 128 431 80.7 1 389 132 788 299 115 003 197 507 3 200 11 726 43 807 311 58 686 40 969 625 34 489 085 78.7 5 173 796 1 562 189 415 292 669 880 75 570 56 069 8 855 087 3 811 390 3 273 743 537 647 3 106 052 96 190 182 658 130 882 1 434 793 484 934 426 658 949 859 901 091 64 968 28 154

Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

31 10 8 2 6 1

Persons 65 to 74 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 75 to 84 years Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

18 7 5 1 5

54

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

9 2 1 7 6 1

4 1 1 3 3

10 3 2 1

3 2 2

3

1

241 801 759 041 927 156 975 428 171 055 902 116 922 676 104

831 438 574 864 364 730 410 761 263 016 614 247 231 062 803

27 9 8 1 6

973 257 123 134 923 052 276 366 922 790 261 132 973 373 804

2 508 888 521 366 361 135 122 70 803 235 213 567 538 120 6

551 795 933 862 489 771 420 302 190 436 212 754 738 096 488

114 44 29 15 20 5 4 2 32 9 9 22 22 3

453 634 626 008 199 753 429 334 788 855 087 933 121 922 394

454 142 119 22 76 106 47 12 58 18 16 40 38 8 2

458 006 212 794 096 808 452 231 710 044 222 666 832 892 263

312 113 78 35 48 42 28 10 59 18 16 40 38 7

396 746 680 066 657 346 833 528 653 891 832 762 567 779 854

1 161 410 305 105 208 121 89 33 265 74 66 190 181 29 3

283 154 126 028 728 631 023 507 121 315 400 806 547 177 942

27 9 7 1 6

106 180 935 244 094 444 458 255 336 107 008 228 122 284 52 055 084 452 632 669 445 354 127 702 728 685 973 909 636 34 080 536 371 164 163 266 161 45 132 218 208 913 889 755 17

558 147 417 730 657 833 783 538 435 687 447 748 786 107 058 108 715 506 209 485 654 789 374 158 341 775 817 526 138 795 165 576 651 925 222 243 838 849 670 988 392 682 919 817 950

16 026 201 6 378 604 5 421 504 957 100 4 713 804 295 682 346 905 194 242 3 806 833 935 320 854 207 2 871 513 2 785 602 244 183 45 948 9 037 720 2 762 635 2 252 966 509 669 1 556 849 347 209 289 526 101 566 3 366 707 640 915 605 505 2 725 792 2 672 450 581 117 32 111 2 788 052 471 018 335 653 135 365 150 270 223 161 135 845 37 558 1 043 382 196 555 187 549 846 827 825 921 710 073 16 745

1 503 591 353 237 265 56 63 44 442 143 128 298 281 34 3 774 246 142 103 85 50 40 19 284 73 67 211 202 47 1 230 51 25 25 10 28 18 6 75 18 17 57 55 38

460 345 658 687 919 769 939 666 349 932 885 417 469 477 996 908 172 353 819 484 039 092 295 866 123 227 743 148 283 677 183 278 922 356 086 963 389 341 975 381 100 594 121 336 815

71 30 20 9 15 2 2 1 18 6 5 12 11 1

980 387 751 636 374 608 326 574 253 121 570 132 602 180 278 268 828 507 321 337 045 452 583 408 931 755 477 250 544 71 205 419 368 051 488 100 651 177 127 803 762 324 269 198 45

300 99 82 16 61 65 29 8 33 10 9 23 22 2 1 123 36 31 5 13 32 14 3 19 5 5 13 13 3

731 018 810 208 591 621 313 005 860 523 450 337 136 074 249 989 590 226 364 238 980 503 279 418 796 197 622 124 225 756 738 398 176 222 267 207 636 947 432 725 575 707 572 593 258

204 80 56 24 37 24 16 7 35 11 10 23 21 2

186 793 694 099 969 153 300 051 140 791 335 349 977 193 587 223 490 454 036 577 381 216 651 759 576 091 183 554 969 180 987 463 532 931 111 812 317 826 754 524 406 230 036 617 87

723 281 213 68 159 60 47 21 142 44 38 98 93 7 2 343 106 77 29 44 42 30 9 97 23 21 73 70 11

029 898 370 528 008 691 153 516 813 132 848 681 312 477 473 690 906 551 355 986 810 470 104 154 646 536 508 638 279 981 564 350 205 145 734 130 400 887 154 537 016 617 597 421 488

15 538 280 6 188 263 5 271 506 916 757 4 597 586 262 649 318 317 181 204 3 706 600 905 473 827 824 2 801 127 2 718 870 239 374 44 287 8 792 789 2 687 392 2 196 676 490 716 1 522 620 319 867 269 435 95 738 3 293 126 623 951 590 050 2 669 175 2 617 900 573 239 31 372 2 719 750 455 900 325 476 130 424 146 818 210 519 128 105 35 657 1 023 790 191 765 183 145 832 025 811 922 702 598 16 363

8 1 1 6 6 1

851 612 010 602 420 866 772 333 216 772 647 444 283 535 94

33 11 7 4 4 2 1 11 2 2 8 8 1 9 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1

29 6 5 1 1 8 3 5 1 1 3 3 3

85 27 18 9 9 13 9 2 19 5 5 14 13 2 22 5 3 1 1 4 3 4 1 1 3 3 2

94 21 14 7 4 18 11 2 25 6 6 18 17 10

8 1 1 6 6 1

050 331 793 537 267 793 715 312 023 721 601 302 148 515 92

819 555 658 897 024 035 857 599 516 189 019 327 692 211 022

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

403

Section Five: Census Data

Table 42.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Household and Family Characteristics of White Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area Total

Total

Central place

Outside urbanized area

Rural

24 448 031 23 312 530 9 500 244 622 514 1 851 920 1 854 660 1 293 724 1 255 227 1 401 536 965 974 254 689 6 443 835 5 175 650 1 268 185 3 056 409 1 159 941 899 470 1 896 468 1 723 702 5 238 525 6 963 486 712 267 898 008 1 135 501 515 201 92 025 373 405 49 771 620 300 474 030 79 114

55 878 791 55 030 600 20 267 007 740 451 3 799 957 4 607 402 3 513 291 3 022 925 2 705 092 1 530 440 347 449 15 848 092 13 688 837 2 159 255 4 418 915 2 045 871 1 640 680 2 373 044 2 174 277 13 822 526 17 850 636 1 692 033 1 398 398 848 191 576 347 199 684 300 135 76 528 271 844 103 249 37 861

8 1 1 3 52

4 902 2 376 450 6 113 116 893 2.72 3.11 14 899 551 19 250 13 919 139 12 193 167 81.8

Urban fringe

In central city

Total

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

48 822 900 47 427 802 18 546 208 956 217 3 422 556 3 746 806 2 809 605 2 690 606 2 742 644 1 744 998 432 776 13 496 044 11 375 157 2 120 887 5 050 164 2 098 070 1 682 567 2 952 094 2 714 549 11 457 474 14 615 839 1 394 965 1 413 316 1 395 098 744 233 178 206 490 791 75 236 650 865 459 786 73 414

17 538 683 16 628 600 6 923 987 494 225 1 308 621 1 298 201 915 443 924 193 1 052 764 734 546 195 994 4 583 631 3 669 450 914 181 2 340 356 881 976 683 051 1 458 380 1 323 525 3 715 037 4 831 049 487 136 671 391 910 083 401 465 73 801 290 785 36 879 508 618 400 760 57 628

31 284 217 30 799 202 11 622 221 461 992 2 113 935 2 448 605 1 894 162 1 766 413 1 689 880 1 010 452 236 782 8 912 413 7 705 707 1 206 706 2 709 808 1 216 094 999 516 1 493 714 1 391 024 7 742 437 9 784 790 907 829 741 925 485 015 342 768 104 405 200 006 38 357 142 247 59 026 15 786

9 1 1 5 100

7 053 883 1 298 2 445 38 551 2.41 2.98 4 147 062 8 807 3 866 066 3 044 980 73.4

1 949 787 292 2 676 61 731 2.65 3.07 8 282 032 13 033 7 737 124 6 717 260 81.1

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

143 139 56 3 12 12 8 7 7 4 1 37 29 7 18 8 6 10 9 30 40 5 6 4 1

807 640 613 218 156 043 381 567 480 598 166 613 926 686 999 100 032 899 466 459 739 215 612 166 865 306 1 312 247 2 300 1 506 377

279 840 098 367 768 113 128 524 345 902 951 553 867 686 545 268 762 277 657 625 951 634 532 439 715 447 157 111 724 728 505

119 116 47 2 10 10 7 6 6 3 31 24 6 15 6 5 9 7 25 33 4 5 3 1

1 1

359 328 112 595 304 188 087 312 078 632 912 169 751 418 943 940 133 002 742 221 776 503 714 030 350 214 938 197 680 032 298

248 310 854 853 848 453 404 297 809 928 262 718 217 501 136 327 292 809 955 100 465 367 524 938 514 422 752 340 424 698 391

74 20 4 23 227

52 50 21 1 4 4 2 2 2 1 12 9 3 8 3 2 4 4 10 13 2 3 1

1

192 339 600 539 923 391 911 713 797 821 501 901 887 013 698 840 846 858 151 040 500 100 097 853 724 129 482 112 129 752 141

735 302 072 241 502 037 411 361 905 835 780 484 680 804 588 449 470 139 687 827 500 456 447 433 378 395 180 803 055 372 842

61 14 3 17 138

033 024 843 865 076 2.34 3.00 10 926 019 20 140 10 000 469 7 793 217 71.3

67 65 25 1 5 5 4 3 3 1 18 14 3 7 3 2 4 3 15 20 2 2 1

166 989 512 056 381 797 175 598 280 811 410 268 863 404 244 099 286 144 591 180 275 402 617 177 626 85 456 84 551 280 156

513 008 782 612 346 416 993 936 904 093 482 234 537 697 548 878 822 670 268 273 965 911 077 505 136 027 572 537 369 326 549

82 21 6 26 279

969 579 398 168 377 2.47 3.04 32 728 678 46 912 30 372 378 24 786 040 75.7

035 330 812 144 014 2.48 3.04 26 772 227 35 564 24 822 555 20 375 425 76.1

4 550 636 1 264 066 405 379 534 526 58 160 47 257 20 689 888 6 891 410 5 661 878 1 229 532 4 614 652 659 314 584 369 258 581 6 354 788 1 297 372 1 203 492 5 057 416 4 925 948 1 253 629 73 145

3 607 673 1 051 022 342 936 434 371 48 267 37 512 16 618 988 5 606 418 4 584 498 1 021 920 3 733 156 578 479 502 772 220 076 5 017 581 1 052 931 973 575 3 964 650 3 853 110 899 645 60 861

37 613 553 16 863 126 4 649 052

31 169 718 13 828 054 3 869 506

12 901 484 5 588 974 1 656 801

18 268 234 8 239 080 2 212 705

3 30 13 3

2 25 11 3

1 10 4 1

1 15 6 1

1 807 472 171 207 29 24 7 808 2 486 1 987 498 1 625 237 220 110 2 635 559 519 2 075 2 017 459 33

844 458 457 784 380 331 381 353 356 997 523 920 269 228 167 359 031 808 709 208 713

13 002 6 306 969 5 279 88 938 2.59 3.08 15 846 208 15 424 14 822 086 12 582 208 79.4 1 799 578 171 226 18 13 8 810 3 120 2 597 522 2 107 340 282 109 2 382 493 454 1 888 1 835 440 27

829 564 479 587 887 181 607 065 142 923 633 559 503 848 414 572 544 842 401 437 148

934 249 586 024 363 2.46 3.01 5 956 451 11 348 5 549 823 4 410 615 74.0

78 22 5 27 295

869 285 258 160 988 2.53 3.07 35 199 135 44 322 32 688 327 27 216 967 77.3

6 443 835 3 035 072 779 546

15 848 092 7 492 809 1 690 880

39 965 601 18 096 560 4 880 632

612 161 5 245 662 2 335 274 611 854

1 13 6 1

3 32 14 4

1 1

1 284 542 146 226 25 20 7 162 2 720 2 348 372 1 806 206 187 74 1 862 475 443 1 386 1 358 281 21

170 638 897 601 169 709 814 843 793 344 624 601 547 054 296 069 875 227 385 677 748 702 614 532 829 925 501 403 703 191 952

4 385 688 1 362 089 427 284 564 550 63 275 49 288 20 270 085 6 952 739 5 731 755 1 220 984 4 632 386 704 581 612 043 263 430 5 956 022 1 274 759 1 178 677 4 681 263 4 552 382 1 073 790 75 094

1

963 044 443 155 893 745 900 992 380 612 496 835 597 505 207 441 917 766 838 984 284

863 243 333 002 534 903 084 899 442 384 081 965 240 725 368 048 990 320 926 824 974 512 597 619 697 327 1 121 248 1 921 1 150 341

118 166 007 826 667 496 085 847 245 602 271 738 907 785 134 418 769 716 025 744 659

4 1 1

942 213 62 100 9 9 070 284 077 207 881 80 81 38 337 244 229 092 072 353 12

150 147 58 3 12 12 9 7 7 4 1 39 32 7 18 8 5 10 8 32 43 5 6 3 1

51 49 21 1 4 4 2 2 2 1 12 9 2 8 3 2 4 4 9 13 2 3 1

1

452 617 323 509 853 334 877 684 763 803 497 716 736 979 607 794 818 812 116 888 292 072 040 834 721 127 480 113 113 745 134

071 586 382 665 397 477 737 067 014 299 726 096 477 619 286 789 200 497 735 443 913 390 458 485 162 404 083 675 323 662 671

60 13 3 17 136

602 846 861 749 932 2.33 2.99 10 743 971 19 890 9 832 363 7 654 145 71.2 1 785 465 168 203 29 24 7 715 2 451 1 956 494 1 600 234 217 108 2 612 553 514 2 058 2 001 456 33

274 740 947 576 280 175 789 721 938 783 001 730 747 724 318 954 178 364 011 998 550

99 97 37 1 7 8 6 5 4 2 27 22 4 9 4 3 5 4 22 30 3 3 1

411 626 010 492 680 569 207 215 679 581 583 249 504 745 761 253 172 507 809 936 681 440 557 785 976 200 641 134 808 404 207

099 052 515 936 772 232 077 776 779 045 898 505 070 435 010 280 675 730 650 234 835 312 156 047 667 521 418 728 380 529 281

18 8 1 9 159

267 439 397 411 056 2.64 3.10 24 455 164 24 432 22 855 964 19 562 822 80.0 2 600 896 258 360 33 25 12 554 4 501 3 774 726 3 032 469 394 154 3 343 720 664 2 622 2 551 616 41

414 349 337 974 995 113 296 018 817 201 385 851 296 706 704 805 499 899 371 792 544

002 670 590 121 282 2.56 3.04 12 429 094 21 840 11 603 190 9 762 240 78.5 1 449 444 124 196 20 18 7 581 2 659 2 278 381 1 788 161 160 69 2 260 498 468 1 762 1 731 461 19

066 143 102 802 552 465 888 518 368 150 537 471 233 936 900 031 584 869 591 583 710

686 146 41 68 7 7 3 068 960 805 154 659 55 58 27 1 023 185 174 837 822 275 8

386 327 955 917 529 461 266 269 901 368 252 560 118 558 035 381 830 654 840 706 768

4 1 1 1

1

762 297 82 127 13 11 513 699 472 226 129 105 102 42 237 312 293 925 908 185 10

680 816 147 885 023 004 622 249 467 782 285 911 115 378 865 650 754 215 751 877 942

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

312 545 337 842

199 729 472 266

700 300 002 230

038 067 198 412

104 067 206 310

347 751 081 966

595 232 796 919

691 316 117 446

502 837 439 480

711 760 890 423

553 913 640 114

151 731 893 451

12 716 096 5 500 834 1 629 337 1 9 4 1

084 914 135 288

182 000 832 039

27 249 505 12 595 726 3 251 295

13 496 044 6 259 375 1 459 300

4 583 631 2 117 983 541 514

8 912 413 4 141 392 917 786

2 22 10 2

1 11 5 1

424 512 3 720 268 1 612 603 417 827

837 247 7 749 490 3 523 866 790 411

468 999 505 826

969 731 061 412

261 469 136 208

759 758 469 238

2 827 440

2 319 235

899 805

1 419 430

508 205

1 356 233

3 085 630

882 464

2 203 166

1 098 043

349 415

748 628

5 386 905 2 840 514 615 085

4 442 230 2 268 415 483 188

2 154 147 1 121 264 266 038

2 288 083 1 147 151 217 150

944 675 572 099 131 897

1 419 841 767 054 140 008

5 294 188 2 738 328 569 990

2 131 285 1 107 567 262 741

3 162 903 1 630 761 307 249

1 512 558 869 240 185 103

686 799 417 094 98 919

825 759 452 146 86 184

408 654

319 260

173 552

145 708

89 394

114 106

388 003

171 269

216 734

134 757

65 241

69 516

55 343 332 16 654 406 32 041 768 892 200 1 441 075 4 313 883 60 747 912 13 692 299 31 706 860 1 210 137 7 867 941 6 270 675

46 269 467 14 177 238 26 559 352 757 321 1 175 037 3 600 519 50 405 559 11 657 413 26 272 386 1 012 586 6 234 140 5 229 034

20 458 258 7 036 503 10 690 315 384 059 560 995 1 786 386 22 420 285 5 795 005 10 543 567 511 938 3 025 895 2 543 880

25 811 209 7 140 735 15 869 037 373 262 614 042 1 814 133 27 985 274 5 862 408 15 728 819 500 648 3 208 245 2 685 154

9 073 865 2 477 168 5 482 416 134 879 266 038 713 364 10 342 353 2 034 886 5 434 474 197 551 1 633 801 1 041 641

21 530 810 4 924 198 14 330 911 289 769 514 758 1 471 174 21 944 700 3 483 449 14 224 942 315 587 2 411 618 1 509 104

58 303 440 17 053 713 34 464 239 927 613 1 440 318 4 417 557 62 818 788 13 806 466 34 118 009 1 212 706 7 512 302 6 169 305

20 167 370 6 943 132 10 524 640 379 281 555 422 1 764 895 22 129 257 5 728 284 10 384 065 505 235 2 998 135 2 513 538

38 136 070 10 110 581 23 939 599 548 332 884 896 2 652 662 40 689 531 8 078 182 23 733 944 707 471 4 514 167 3 655 767

18 570 702 4 524 891 11 908 440 254 356 515 515 1 367 500 19 873 824 3 369 282 11 813 793 313 018 2 767 257 1 610 474

6 539 879 1 831 490 3 893 982 94 066 198 147 522 194 7 502 527 1 508 817 3 854 844 137 974 1 238 145 762 747

12 030 823 2 693 401 8 014 458 160 290 317 368 845 306 12 371 297 1 860 465 7 958 949 175 044 1 529 112 847 727

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

404

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

55

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 43.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics of Black Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Outside metropolitan area

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

26 153 444 25 175 299 8 836 740 615 716 2 179 614 2 110 067 1 399 888 1 118 137 877 264 434 714 101 340 6 122 468 2 971 353 3 151 115 2 714 272 1 271 069 1 022 461 1 443 203 1 267 136 2 819 811 9 530 902 2 650 815 1 337 031 978 145 506 111 307 450 119 576 79 085 472 034 189 151 118 642

23 533 536 22 732 611 7 996 181 551 248 1 980 586 1 933 003 1 287 093 1 013 175 775 872 370 809 84 395 5 523 221 2 683 820 2 839 401 2 472 960 1 163 175 932 833 1 309 785 1 145 700 2 548 344 8 553 485 2 392 875 1 241 726 800 925 410 013 244 703 96 358 68 952 390 912 138 421 96 401

17 308 291 16 756 887 5 970 947 418 185 1 417 449 1 372 908 939 398 797 316 640 355 313 078 72 258 4 034 852 1 821 538 2 213 314 1 936 095 902 109 734 700 1 033 986 912 080 1 725 220 6 290 714 1 855 641 914 365 551 404 267 214 153 850 72 152 41 212 284 190 108 825 42 373

6 225 245 5 975 724 2 025 234 133 063 563 137 560 095 347 695 215 859 135 517 57 731 12 137 1 488 369 862 282 626 087 536 865 261 066 198 133 275 799 233 620 823 124 2 262 771 537 234 327 361 249 521 142 799 90 853 24 206 27 740 106 722 29 596 54 028

2 619 908 2 442 688 840 559 64 468 199 028 177 064 112 795 104 962 101 392 63 905 16 945 599 247 287 533 311 714 241 312 107 894 89 628 133 418 121 436 271 467 977 417 257 940 95 305 177 220 96 098 62 747 23 218 10 133 81 122 50 730 22 241

3 832 616 3 546 928 1 139 421 44 887 216 130 253 444 181 612 164 681 156 430 96 324 25 913 864 156 520 515 343 641 275 265 136 647 118 375 138 618 128 381 499 842 1 375 444 421 897 110 324 285 688 238 389 200 634 16 261 21 494 47 299 18 870 11 247

25 122 054 24 156 861 8 455 952 571 478 2 072 978 2 038 423 1 364 044 1 078 571 833 058 404 243 93 157 5 874 349 2 900 195 2 974 154 2 581 603 1 217 809 978 370 1 363 794 1 194 697 2 752 614 9 104 541 2 548 903 1 294 851 965 193 537 462 349 357 104 087 84 018 427 731 154 681 107 196

17 169 430 16 625 760 5 925 383 414 129 1 405 543 1 362 090 932 819 792 113 635 915 310 964 71 810 4 002 278 1 805 798 2 196 480 1 923 105 896 043 730 141 1 027 062 906 098 1 710 300 6 241 064 1 841 981 907 032 543 670 264 262 151 459 71 959 40 844 279 408 106 816 40 159

7 952 624 7 531 101 2 530 569 157 349 667 435 676 333 431 225 286 458 197 143 93 279 21 347 1 872 071 1 094 397 777 674 658 498 321 766 248 229 336 732 288 599 1 042 314 2 863 477 706 922 387 819 421 523 273 200 197 898 32 128 43 174 148 323 47 865 67 037

4 864 006 4 565 366 1 520 209 89 125 322 766 325 088 217 456 204 247 200 636 126 795 34 096 1 112 275 591 673 520 602 407 934 189 907 162 466 218 027 200 820 567 039 1 801 805 523 809 152 504 298 640 207 038 158 727 31 750 16 561 91 602 53 340 22 693

2 203 157 2 057 655 712 516 55 821 167 958 149 152 94 017 88 554 87 141 55 202 14 671 504 586 236 771 267 815 207 930 91 654 76 390 116 276 106 046 225 444 822 325 218 800 78 570 145 502 80 003 51 739 19 757 8 507 65 499 41 872 17 468

2 660 849 2 507 711 807 693 33 304 154 808 175 936 123 439 115 693 113 495 71 593 19 425 607 689 354 902 252 787 200 004 98 253 86 076 101 751 94 774 341 595 979 480 305 009 73 934 153 138 127 035 106 988 11 993 8 054 26 103 11 468 5 225

71 19 3 13 55

70 19 3 13 49

62 17 2 11 38

8 125 1 493 485 1 954 11 041 2.95 3.44 1 985 237 2 045 1 637 906 922 810 46.5

1 337 354 312 479 5 669 2.91 3.52 898 407 1 050 719 482 308 914 34.4

1 638 142 119 1 772 13 511 3.11 3.66 1 220 380 1 047 921 839 542 298 44.4

72 19 3 14 56

61 17 2 11 38

10 139 1 707 637 3 007 17 931 2.97 3.47 2 521 437 2 535 2 048 192 1 160 708 46.0

1 293 350 285 1 234 12 407 3.00 3.60 1 629 001 1 661 1 268 016 629 453 38.6

1 027 269 261 393 4 209 2.89 3.51 756 775 889 606 072 254 580 33.6

266 81 24 841 8 198 3.10 3.68 872 226 772 661 944 374 873 43.0

326 106 26 12 2 1 228 76 42 34 29 8 10 4 80 21 20 58 56 17

253 152 33 15 5 2 296 118 71 46 49 12 14 4 86 28 26 58 56 10

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

747 505 350 996 643 2.84 3.45 8 364 035 11 877 6 671 015 2 908 054 34.8

410 151 038 517 974 2.84 3.44 7 465 628 10 827 5 951 533 2 599 140 34.8

285 658 553 563 933 2.80 3.44 5 480 391 8 782 4 313 627 1 676 330 30.6

3 429 311 1 118 011 311 085 189 456 32 422 30 169 2 100 227 725 164 421 495 303 669 291 751 118 250 102 496 63 022 688 154 197 694 177 925 490 460 464 072 105 504 5 886

3 049 992 279 174 29 28 1 834 635 371 263 256 107 91 58 595 172 154 423 399 84 5

2 417 781 212 125 17 21 1 500 515 295 220 205 81 71 47 510 147 132 362 342 62 4

6 122 468 3 457 336 786 859

5 523 221 3 107 229 710 071

4 034 852 2 220 709 502 409

800 297 2 901 586 1 515 492 344 018

714 418 2 619 935 1 362 881 311 537

519 1 764 868 192

778 354 715 026 154 019 829 294 730 564 624 918 003 078 782 334 388 448 436 665 465

582 131 222 370 421 838 190 675 501 174 334 844 881 847 016 472 359 544 034 915 678

632 211 67 48 11 6 334 119 76 43 51 26 19 10 85 24 22 60 57 21

196 223 493 656 733 181 639 619 229 390 290 074 122 231 766 862 029 904 402 750 787

092 297 184 534 747 2.85 3.45 7 955 414 11 263 6 324 838 2 820 899 35.5

953 590 547 527 816 2.80 3.44 5 433 977 8 728 4 276 646 1 660 191 30.6

934 577 478 803 396 240 324 631 438 193 738 521 924 280 036 742 287 294 666 592 602

3 182 726 1 068 469 296 950 185 127 38 030 30 737 1 983 740 693 728 408 184 285 544 281 799 114 434 98 027 61 265 636 730 185 633 166 633 451 097 425 909 91 788 5 969

2 398 774 210 124 17 21 1 490 512 293 218 204 81 71 47 506 146 131 359 339 62 4

599 247 350 107 76 788

864 156 449 414 76 750

5 874 349 3 293 709 745 569

4 002 278 2 201 568 497 641

1 872 071 1 092 141 247 928

85 281 152 32

106 508 264 43

758 226 2 831 929 1 474 583 332 363

515 1 748 860 190

243 1 082 614 142

379 125 31 15 3 2 265 89 49 40 35 10 11 4 92 25 23 67 64 20

533 657 370 430 268 150 398 870 765 105 127 332 493 944 372 360 537 012 636 839 421

333 209 46 23 13 4 408 163 100 63 69 17 19 7 115 37 35 77 74 14

511 852 475 155 353 768 013 022 619 403 020 201 261 560 667 671 639 996 585 613 669

784 293 86 60 20 8 493 181 114 67 77 33 26 13 130 38 34 91 86 29 1

215 617 475 972 677 969 727 706 565 141 779 233 766 705 063 962 994 101 324 175 300

580 259 60 28 7 3 524 195 113 81 79 21 24 9 166 49 46 116 112 28

519 119 613 132 788 672 811 067 749 318 690 337 393 037 460 803 579 657 829 308 519

576 503 651 466 662 532 124 786 081 705 715 938 079 178 228 730 189 498 486 919 281

943 616 962 666 126 140 687 281 668 613 975 399 314 859 232 073 390 159 343 389 238

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

409 539 580 355

1 488 369 886 520 207 662 195 855 494 119

009 396 301 182

879 651 611 481

420 759 280 787

047 975 063 321

179 954 520 042

1 112 275 613 041 118 040 148 578 305 55

491 416 189 442

504 586 294 453 64 143

607 689 318 588 53 897

71 232 125 26

76 345 179 29

932 587 319 355

559 829 870 087

366 825

328 019

210 167

117 852

38 806

64 596

355 149

208 138

147 011

76 272

31 735

44 537

2 757 829 1 737 190 378 376

2 479 560 1 557 696 339 829

1 952 002 1 217 686 267 950

527 558 340 010 71 879

278 269 179 494 38 547

293 850 159 955 26 186

2 593 853 1 621 718 351 478

1 937 162 1 208 129 265 584

656 691 413 589 85 894

457 826 275 427 53 084

239 682 154 704 33 164

218 144 120 723 19 920

401 087

357 054

287 838

69 216

44 033

37 412

371 921

285 672

86 249

66 578

37 781

28 797

8 679 384 3 874 378 3 300 792 482 100 276 229 745 885 10 413 910 4 048 907 3 121 850 798 232 1 195 832 1 249 089

7 827 484 3 490 852 2 977 417 437 856 241 103 680 256 9 402 677 3 668 471 2 824 805 722 850 1 040 507 1 146 044

5 679 723 2 607 913 2 019 438 342 298 197 475 512 599 6 999 371 2 796 502 1 934 158 566 848 847 400 854 463

8 439 287 3 758 560 3 227 805 466 772 261 732 724 418 9 977 413 3 865 198 3 045 715 754 855 1 116 217 1 195 428

5 635 015 2 587 827 2 001 442 339 851 196 263 509 632 6 944 751 2 775 599 1 917 818 561 819 840 694 848 821

2 804 272 1 170 733 1 226 363 126 921 65 469 214 786 3 032 662 1 089 599 1 127 897 193 036 275 523 346 607

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

56

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

2 147 882 957 95 43 167 2 403 871 890 156 193 291

761 939 979 558 628 657 306 969 647 002 107 581

851 383 323 44 35 65 1 011 380 297 75 155 103

900 526 375 244 126 629 233 436 045 382 325 045

1 417 607 588 71 55 94 1 416 477 538 84 211 104

599 372 194 821 819 393 566 325 482 909 171 679

1 657 723 661 87 70 115 1 853 661 614 128 290 158

696 190 181 149 316 860 063 034 617 286 786 340

711 321 267 37 29 54 855 321 246 65 135 86

028 446 590 865 963 164 302 750 484 413 037 618

946 401 393 49 40 61 997 339 368 62 155 71

668 744 591 284 353 696 761 284 133 873 749 722

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

405

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 44. Household and Family Characteristics of American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Persons: 1990 [For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

In central city

984 057 542 742 477 715 885 906 233 253 331 412 768 644 130 725 475 405 038 386 996 874 259 927 753 115 914 724 174 520 795

465 445 154 15 43 38 24 15 10 4 1 102 59 42 51 26 18 25 19 59 159 33 38 19 7 4 1 1 12 4 1

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

1 100 534 1 059 365 349 899 31 976 94 983 89 034 56 979 37 190 25 291 11 747 2 699 248 185 156 697 91 488 101 714 51 530 36 242 50 184 40 020 156 824 396 795 77 245 78 602 41 169 17 820 10 723 3 526 3 571 23 349 8 274 4 955 4 321 932 443 1 139 3 285 2.93 3.44 364 361 721 309 916 190 570 52.3 97 27 10 11 2 2 59 20 13 6 9 3 2 1 18 5 4 13 13 2

282 403 434 723 139 025 825 813 931 882 946 343 317 450 924 018 572 906 374 785 247

768 740 252 23 69 65 42 26 17 7 1 175 110 64 77 40 27 37 29 110 263 52 60 27 10 6 1 2 17 5 4

135 758 845 023 263 354 297 717 141 382 668 265 470 795 580 102 706 478 181 584 800 671 858 377 166 528 469 169 211 162 080

3 651 827 245 994 2 252 2.86 3.37 238 663 499 203 413 123 286 51.7 65 16 6 8 1 1 39 13 9 4 6 2 1 1 12 3 3 9 8 1

530 888 909 366 390 198 508 739 299 440 669 559 673 111 452 409 060 043 627 106 199

468 449 155 16 43 38 24 15 10 4 1 103 60 42 52 27 19 25 19 59 160 33 39 19 7 4 1 1 12 4 1

915 169 508 094 717 724 258 950 849 792 124 152 166 986 356 059 018 297 701 901 634 650 476 746 319 744 043 532 427 119 786

3 252 729 208 798 1 535 2.81 3.38 148 209 359 125 557 69 641 47.0 46 10 4 5 1 24 8 5 3 3 1 8 2 2 6 5

207 673 574 143 002 901 771 338 338 000 870 511 992 704 427 359 128 068 770 765 164

299 291 97 6 25 26 18 10 6 2 72 50 21 25 13 8 12 9 50 103 19 21 7 2 1 4 1 2

220 589 337 929 546 630 039 767 292 590 544 113 304 809 224 043 688 181 480 683 166 021 382 631 847 784 426 637 784 043 294

399 98 37 196 717 2.94 3.36 90 454 140 77 856 53 645 59.3 19 6 2 3 14 5 3 1 2 1 4 1 2 2

323 215 335 223 388 297 737 401 961 440 799 048 681 407 025 050 932 975 857 341 35

332 318 97 8 25 23 14 10 8 4 1 72 46 26 24 11 8 12 10 46 132 24 17 13 7 4 2 1 6 3

399 607 054 953 720 680 682 473 150 365 031 920 227 693 134 428 536 706 839 240 995 574 744 792 654 195 057 402 138 112 875

670 105 198 145 1 033 3.13 3.61 125 698 222 106 503 67 284 53.5 31 10 3 3 20 7 4 2 3

6 1 1 4 4 1

752 515 525 357 749 827 317 074 632 442 277 784 644 339 472 609 512 863 747 679 48

858 843 241 13 54 59 43 33 23 11 2 193 131 62 47 26 21 21 18 127 361 76 36 15 10 7 1 1 4 1

700 593 473 397 570 283 377 161 349 489 847 976 890 086 497 321 277 176 453 871 340 556 353 107 230 068 471 691 877 146 637

201 214 25 331 2 323 3.39 3.80 332 606 383 274 671 189 144 56.9 63 38 9 7 1 1 54 23 15 8 10 2 2 13 4 4 9 8 1

233 317 454 540 190 051 628 821 695 126 253 410 112 884 864 837 515 027 747 137 147

1 002 969 323 26 85 83 55 35 23 10 2 231 150 80 92 47 33 44 35 150 353 68 72 33 14 10 1 2 19 5 4

3 797 892 255 1 091 2 824 2.92 3.40 320 354 590 272 852 172 589 53.9 80 23 9 10 1 1 53 19 13 6 9 3 2 1 16 4 4 11 11 1

828 921 049 691 828 423 909 367 256 111 444 216 296 422 450 597 153 853 331 483 231

364 748 315 879 271 412 050 907 860 800 136 355 582 773 960 787 864 173 642 300 708 525 900 616 319 727 064 528 297 048 758

3 222 725 211 802 1 531 2.81 3.38 147 275 351 124 730 69 137 46.9 45 10 4 5 1 24 8 5 3 3 1 8 2 2 6 5

967 684 553 064 004 889 813 361 340 021 857 508 998 710 435 351 121 084 795 781 163

537 523 169 10 42 45 31 19 12 5 1 129 91 37 40 20 14 19 15 91 194 35 33 14 7 5 1 6 1 3

620 309 227 863 206 303 835 999 373 453 195 057 186 871 170 938 611 232 396 086 288 349 359 311 434 388 850 196 877 472 037

575 167 44 289 1 293 3.02 3.42 173 079 239 148 122 103 452 59.8 34 13 4 5 29 11 7 3 5 1 1 8 2 2 5 5

861 237 496 627 824 534 096 006 916 090 587 708 298 712 015 246 032 769 536 702 68

956 933 267 18 64 64 44 34 25 12 3 210 137 72 57 30 24 26 23 134 404 84 42 22 13 7 3 2 9 3

250 901 830 631 076 602 471 445 407 983 215 749 819 930 081 126 044 955 435 309 139 927 696 349 297 676 083 538 052 900 797

725 254 213 379 2 784 3.36 3.82 376 613 514 311 735 207 125 55.0 79 41 10 8 1 1 60 25 16 8 10 2 2 16 5 4 11 10 2

687 799 839 572 501 653 544 267 370 897 755 537 133 912 338 258 934 080 790 439 163

270 258 77 7 20 18 11 8 6 3 57 35 21 19 9 7 10 8 36 108 20 14 12 6 3 1 1 5 2

174 022 696 612 821 916 451 189 396 477 834 868 997 871 828 481 095 347 804 244 885 500 697 152 657 500 862 295 495 938 595

604 100 192 128 938 3.14 3.65 103 595 187 87 428 54 647 52.8 26 8 2 2 16 5 3 1 2

5 1 1 3 3 1

686 675 190 11 43 45 33 26 19 9 2 152 101 51 37 20 16 16 14 98 295 64 27 10 6 4 1 1 3

076 879 134 019 255 686 020 256 011 506 381 881 822 059 253 645 949 608 631 065 254 427 999 197 640 176 221 243 557 962 202

121 154 21 251 1 846 3.45 3.88 273 018 327 224 307 152 478 55.8

514 773 974 770 698 765 147 591 599 992 507 616 502 263 116 307 230 809 718 510 42

53 33 7 5 44 19 12 6 8 1 1 11 3 3 7 7

173 026 865 802 803 888 397 676 771 905 248 921 631 649 222 951 704 271 072 929 121

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

248 185 149 475 38 899

175 265 102 768 27 333

35 154 88 22

23 109 60 16

894 871 582 676

437 158 499 097

103 152 61 516 17 089 14 58 32 9

487 716 609 019

72 113 41 252 10 244

72 920 46 707 11 566

193 976 117 022 23 406

231 412 135 162 33 996

8 50 27 7

12 45 28 6

32 128 77 14

31 149 83 20

950 442 890 078

457 713 083 579

620 947 369 120

131 525 087 666

102 355 61 012 16 894 14 58 32 8

386 203 322 924

129 057 74 150 17 102 16 91 50 11

745 322 765 742

210 749 131 335 28 309

57 868 37 635 9 452

37 134 82 16

10 35 22 5

383 293 864 130

152 881 93 700 18 857

244 433 176 174

27 98 60 10

139 860 688 956

22 834

14 703

8 177

6 526

8 131

22 634

20 159

8 096

12 063

25 309

6 650

18 659

73 055 49 500 12 285

51 473 34 420 8 551

35 151 23 936 6 256

16 322 10 484 2 295

21 582 15 080 3 734

47 846 29 379 6 151

63 053 41 802 9 997

34 963 23 783 6 189

28 090 18 019 3 808

57 848 37 077 8 439

17 851 12 523 3 202

39 997 24 554 5 237

11 112

7 539

5 520

2 019

3 573

7 571

9 289

5 508

3 781

9 394

2 959

6 435

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

381 149 168 12 7 43 409 122 172 19 33 61

881 798 908 227 667 281 600 943 735 431 210 281

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

406

274 108 119 9 5 32 291 88 121 14 21 45

619 390 356 359 156 358 704 347 740 545 848 224

165 69 65 6 3 20 177 58 66 9 14 28

095 983 152 181 343 436 494 167 792 841 091 603

109 38 54 3 1 11 114 30 54 4 7 16

524 407 204 178 813 922 210 180 948 704 757 621

107 41 49 2 2 10 117 34 50 4 11 16

262 408 552 868 511 923 896 596 995 886 362 057

285 108 136 7 7 24 292 85 140 9 27 28

742 760 957 467 612 946 615 903 951 688 625 448

358 136 162 11 7 40 375 108 164 17 28 54

077 402 176 548 095 856 007 920 964 416 948 759

163 69 64 6 3 20 176 57 66 9 14 28

719 434 534 126 336 289 172 699 196 767 137 373

194 66 97 5 3 20 198 51 98 7 14 26

358 968 642 422 759 567 835 221 768 649 811 386

309 122 143 8 8 27 327 99 148 11 31 34

546 156 689 146 184 371 208 926 722 703 887 970

86 34 38 2 2 8 95 29 40 3 9 12

260 524 668 309 068 691 307 155 150 930 166 906

223 87 105 5 6 18 231 70 108 7 22 22

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

286 632 021 837 116 680 901 771 572 773 721 064

57

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 45.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics of Asian or Pacific Islander Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

6 934 689 6 793 124 1 934 866 117 635 499 974 561 985 355 414 210 717 125 666 52 468 11 007 1 494 650 1 225 596 269 054 440 216 247 142 168 691 193 074 148 308 1 381 035 2 409 900 689 541 377 782 141 565 18 777 4 634 9 309 4 834 122 788 92 509 12 550

6 507 391 6 388 075 1 823 436 108 348 472 549 532 815 337 106 198 382 116 534 47 759 9 943 1 410 771 1 157 592 253 179 412 665 230 822 157 829 181 843 139 570 1 293 842 2 260 597 656 542 353 658 119 316 16 620 3 843 8 357 4 420 102 696 76 541 10 334

3 421 439 3 336 407 995 571 74 927 266 845 262 314 162 386 111 260 75 832 34 410 7 597 720 589 573 795 146 794 274 982 151 714 103 568 123 268 95 299 629 280 1 139 964 351 164 220 428 85 032 10 778 2 317 5 647 2 814 74 254 55 953 5 337

3 085 952 3 051 668 827 865 33 421 205 704 270 501 174 720 87 122 40 702 13 349 2 346 690 182 583 797 106 385 137 683 79 108 54 261 58 575 44 271 664 562 1 120 633 305 378 133 230 34 284 5 842 1 526 2 710 1 606 28 442 20 588 4 997

2 208 892 183 315 14 131 3.34 3.81 1 967 791 1 960 1 790 218 1 573 534 80.0

1 966 778 165 302 12 610 3.35 3.81 1 834 965 1 826 1 672 277 1 473 266 80.3

1 649 673 131 227 10 284 3.23 3.80 917 381 1 244 825 431 706 252 77.0

317 105 34 75 2 326 3.49 3.82 917 584 582 846 846 767 014 83.6

Outside urbanized area

Outside metropolitan area

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

973 611 869 825 348 631 463 027 212 540 823 393 860 533 476 323 224 153 107 443 830 425 044 362 215 884 414 917 147 516 216

6 823 859 6 695 242 1 896 281 110 511 487 540 555 440 352 867 207 102 121 989 50 311 10 521 1 472 558 1 209 216 263 342 423 723 237 103 162 529 186 620 143 522 1 366 015 2 384 962 682 682 365 302 128 617 19 436 5 718 8 760 4 958 109 181 79 991 11 942

3 373 675 3 290 327 982 551 73 655 263 725 258 763 160 294 109 732 74 864 33 999 7 519 710 629 565 577 145 052 271 922 149 805 102 461 122 117 94 566 619 168 1 124 948 346 912 216 748 83 348 10 777 2 317 5 634 2 826 72 571 54 563 5 192

3 450 184 3 404 915 913 730 36 856 223 815 296 677 192 573 97 370 47 125 16 312 3 002 761 929 643 639 118 290 151 801 87 298 60 068 64 503 48 956 746 847 1 260 014 335 770 148 554 45 269 8 659 3 401 3 126 2 132 36 610 25 428 6 750

449 425 117 9 27 29 19 13 10 5 1 86 70 16 30 18 12 12 9 96 153 31 26 24 3 1

62 218 16 48 2 071 3.33 3.71 115 596 82 103 858 92 895 80.4

2 093 948 166 337 13 704 3.36 3.81 1 944 976 1 896 1 770 912 1 561 127 80.3

1 627 667 132 227 10 163 3.23 3.80 905 099 1 239 814 691 696 963 77.0

466 281 34 110 3 541 3.50 3.83 1 039 877 657 956 221 864 164 83.1

177 162 33 26 2 498 3.11 3.62 138 411 146 123 164 105 302 76.1

Total

Urban

Rural

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

165 74 65 30 1 3 431 133 111 21 71 103 45 11 55 16 15 38 37 8 2

199 585 177 322 708 821 493 618 906 712 151 513 445 693 523 757 048 766 012 408 142

151 66 61 27 1 3 403 123 103 20 65 99 43 10 51 15 13 35 34 7 2

804 432 735 805 585 305 084 198 008 190 324 900 106 961 038 215 670 823 164 502 055

92 37 33 15 2 244 79 65 13 41 49 21 6 38 11 10 27 25 5 1

415 665 982 892 898 269 776 052 249 803 823 340 598 856 787 613 470 174 977 425 895

59 28 27 11 1 158 44 37 6 23 50 21 4 12 3 3 8 8 2

389 767 753 913 687 036 308 146 759 387 501 560 508 105 251 602 200 649 187 077 160

427 405 111 9 27 29 18 12 9 4 1 83 68 15 27 16 10 11 8 87 149 32 24 22 2

298 049 430 287 425 170 308 335 132 709 064 879 004 875 551 320 862 231 738 193 303 999 124 249 157 791 952 414 20 092 15 968 2 216

242 114 18 13 1 521 3.27 3.77 132 826 134 117 941 100 268 75.5 13 8 3 2 28 10 8 1 5 3 2 4 1 1 2 2

395 153 442 517 123 516 409 420 898 522 827 613 339 732 485 542 378 943 848 906 87

338 327 78 2 15 22 16 10 7 3 64 53 10 14 8 6 6 5 81 128 24 14 11 4 2 7 3 1

7 5 2 2 22 8 7 1 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 1

570 289 584 609 473 701 965 388 306 082 945 295 007 538 187 287 174 900 820 484 121

159 72 64 30 1 3 421 129 108 21 68 103 45 11 53 16 14 37 35 7 2

620 162 432 057 886 631 806 560 527 033 852 362 184 556 261 130 473 131 394 856 175

91 36 33 15 2 241 77 64 13 41 48 21 6 38 11 10 26 25 5 1

379 760 668 645 901 195 548 883 272 611 128 732 239 769 499 521 388 978 792 404 894

68 35 30 14 1 180 51 44 7 27 54 23 4 14 4 4 10 9 2

241 402 764 412 985 436 258 677 255 422 724 630 945 787 762 609 085 153 602 452 281

803 493 454 949 782 176 010 642 889 697 309 485 240 245 969 362 386 607 893 463 768 284 524 310 556 800 963 793 20 754 16 034 1 824

13 7 3 2 32 12 10 1 7 3 2 5 1 1 3 3 1

149 712 329 874 295 891 652 446 685 761 244 446 268 675 449 914 749 535 438 036 88

298 280 81 8 20 20 12 8 6 3 58 47 10 23 14 9 9 7 60 97 20 20 18 1

16 14 1

962 493 811 451 789 241 530 754 783 457 806 368 409 959 443 145 116 298 069 384 787 357 154 469 620 613 729 278 849 041 367

146 49 17 10 1 219 3.08 3.62 87 230 100 78 138 66 332 76.0 8 4 2 1 20 7 6 1 4 2 1 3 1 1 2 2

942 682 119 656 76 459 327 570 484 086 337 289 473 431 476 131 026 345 292 711 40

150 145 35 1 6 8 6 4 4 2 28 22 5 7 4 3 3 2 36 55 10 6 5 1 1 3 1

841 000 643 498 993 935 480 888 106 240 503 117 831 286 526 217 270 309 824 079 981 927 370 841 936 187 234 515 905 993 457

31 113 16 16 1 279 3.20 3.64 51 181 46 45 026 38 970 76.1 4 3 1 1 12 4 4 2 1 1 1 1

207 030 210 218 219 432 325 876 201 675 907 157 795 244 973 783 723 190 146 325 48

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

1 494 650 878 510 233 823

1 410 771 827 859 221 610

720 589 399 163 111 386

690 182 428 696 110 224

83 879 50 651 12 213

64 393 38 457 8 112

1 472 558 866 820 229 931

710 629 393 615 109 827

761 929 473 205 120 104

86 485 50 147 12 004

58 368 34 338 8 672

28 117 15 809 3 332

187 1 211 756 208

176 1 143 715 198

89 562 333 96

87 580 381 101

11 67 41 10

8 54 33 7

185 1 195 748 205

87 554 329 95

97 640 419 110

11 69 41 10

7 47 28 7

3 22 13 2

836 272 933 655

026 540 116 328

008 858 821 742

018 682 295 586

810 732 817 327

689 326 279 118

192 617 920 687

841 714 107 372

351 903 813 315

333 981 292 086

627 116 244 343

706 865 048 743

169 218

158 939

78 019

80 920

10 279

7 833

167 170

76 977

90 193

9 881

6 645

3 236

184 298 92 703 17 891

173 179 85 968 16 579

102 485 50 179 10 631

70 694 35 789 5 948

11 119 6 735 1 312

6 600 3 726 624

179 731 89 807 17 217

101 274 49 588 10 524

78 457 40 219 6 693

11 167 6 622 1 298

7 700 4 639 931

3 467 1 983 367

14 998

13 747

8 988

4 759

1 251

630

14 493

8 903

5 590

1 135

791

344

426 941 430 216 630 209 375 688 313 593 856 925

48 558 18 241 26 482 675 1 006 2 154 60 314 12 684 39 615 813 4 324 2 878

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

58

2 563 981 1 436 34 33 77 2 727 760 1 590 50 196 129

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

841 712 877 516 207 529 908 884 753 101 555 615

2 412 919 1 357 32 30 71 2 563 716 1 493 47 185 121

132 781 115 714 786 736 734 570 053 601 351 159

1 301 534 687 20 18 40 1 351 408 738 28 108 66

528 528 211 417 848 524 353 924 315 387 991 736

1 110 385 669 12 11 31 1 212 307 754 19 76 54

604 253 904 297 938 212 381 646 738 214 360 423

151 61 79 1 2 5 164 44 97 2 11 8

709 931 762 802 421 793 174 314 700 500 204 456

109 39 62 1 1 4 134 28 89 1 8 5

893 683 688 398 881 243 490 898 562 756 623 651

2 514 955 1 417 34 32 75 2 686 744 1 573 49 192 126

750 213 653 023 452 409 709 410 387 451 998 463

1 283 526 677 20 18 39 1 332 403 726 28 107 65

136 722 811 169 623 811 324 801 993 078 758 694

1 231 428 739 13 13 35 1 354 340 846 21 85 60

614 491 842 854 829 598 385 609 394 373 240 769

158 66 81 1 2 6 175 45 106 2 12 8

984 182 912 891 636 363 689 372 928 406 180 803

110 47 55 1 1 4 115 32 67 1 7 5

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

407

Section Five: Census Data

Table 46.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Household and Family Characteristics of Hispanic Origin Persons: 1990

[Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area

Outside metropolitan area

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

Urban

20 426 228 20 026 596 5 530 932 487 340 1 627 540 1 359 997 836 577 602 841 387 842 186 305 42 490 4 396 077 3 135 030 1 261 047 1 134 855 616 740 410 292 518 115 419 277 3 062 937 7 860 750 2 149 974 1 422 003 399 632 189 158 133 087 30 784 25 287 210 474 66 921 39 379

18 355 980 18 020 838 4 988 301 436 152 1 475 244 1 231 676 760 676 542 438 342 741 162 458 36 916 3 951 354 2 795 880 1 155 474 1 036 947 563 590 373 630 473 357 380 713 2 733 651 6 990 947 1 986 575 1 321 364 335 142 158 073 109 173 26 065 22 835 177 069 53 004 31 428

11 671 728 11 462 786 3 235 169 301 226 950 375 779 259 478 793 353 047 232 007 114 008 26 454 2 508 000 1 684 987 823 013 727 169 393 013 267 740 334 156 271 599 1 626 710 4 462 301 1 283 483 855 123 208 942 93 988 61 925 17 491 14 572 114 954 37 065 13 751

6 684 252 6 558 052 1 753 132 134 926 524 869 452 417 281 883 189 391 110 734 48 450 10 462 1 443 354 1 110 893 332 461 309 778 170 577 105 890 139 201 109 114 1 106 941 2 528 646 703 092 466 241 126 200 64 085 47 248 8 574 8 263 62 115 15 939 17 677

2 070 248 2 005 758 542 631 51 188 152 296 128 321 75 901 60 403 45 101 23 847 5 574 444 723 339 150 105 573 97 908 53 150 36 662 44 758 38 564 329 286 869 803 163 399 100 639 64 490 31 085 23 914 4 719 2 452 33 405 13 917 7 951

1 927 831 1 810 231 470 786 32 690 127 418 120 181 75 491 56 368 36 869 17 755 4 014 393 184 330 078 63 106 77 602 50 224 35 418 27 378 23 661 327 648 786 804 135 232 89 761 117 600 72 535 64 313 1 784 6 438 45 065 4 043 4 375

20 204 818 19 784 591 5 427 548 469 257 1 601 636 1 346 734 828 721 591 187 373 486 176 437 40 090 4 327 720 3 100 184 1 227 536 1 099 828 602 461 399 319 497 367 400 816 3 032 868 7 767 373 2 139 902 1 416 900 420 227 202 306 147 763 27 733 26 810 217 921 57 131 37 490

11 514 252 11 310 361 3 196 572 297 093 937 820 769 776 473 606 349 556 229 560 112 973 26 188 2 476 015 1 659 646 816 369 720 557 389 112 265 696 331 445 269 582 1 601 836 4 401 055 1 267 762 843 136 203 891 89 950 58 001 17 407 14 542 113 941 36 487 13 817

8 690 566 8 474 230 2 230 976 172 164 663 816 576 958 355 115 241 631 143 926 63 464 13 902 1 851 705 1 440 538 411 167 379 271 213 349 133 623 165 922 131 234 1 431 032 3 366 318 872 140 573 764 216 336 112 356 89 762 10 326 12 268 103 980 20 644 23 673

2 149 241 2 052 236 574 170 50 773 153 322 133 444 83 347 68 022 51 225 27 623 6 414 461 541 364 924 96 617 112 629 64 503 46 391 48 126 42 122 357 717 880 181 145 304 94 864 97 005 59 387 49 637 4 835 4 915 37 618 13 833 6 264

1 244 669 1 196 295 340 214 33 071 91 710 77 893 47 228 39 192 30 545 16 692 3 883 271 641 206 159 65 482 68 573 36 349 26 012 32 224 27 980 201 532 512 909 87 075 54 565 48 374 27 174 21 823 3 654 1 697 21 200 11 877 4 908

26 15 1 4 56

24 14 1 3 48

21 9 1 3 28

3 445 4 912 305 582 19 255 3.62 3.88 2 242 836 3 634 1 940 061 1 501 154 66.9

1 865 627 179 141 8 725 3.56 3.91 799 505 1 973 702 138 520 633 65.1

1 045 1 615 69 801 33 117 3.62 3.95 728 494 1 528 637 063 527 452 72.4

26 16 1 4 74

21 9 1 3 28

5 057 6 898 383 1 072 46 253 3.66 3.93 3 013 263 5 089 2 611 506 2 037 251 67.6

1 502 294 160 460 15 105 3.39 3.80 815 125 2 140 717 629 551 339 67.6

1 284 170 125 89 2 747 3.37 3.78 471 849 1 278 416 398 305 852 64.8

Rural

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

589 048 701 011 825 3.53 3.88 7 029 006 15 153 6 049 754 4 278 208 60.9

724 421 522 870 100 3.52 3.87 6 229 501 13 180 5 347 616 3 757 575 60.3

1 425 445 305 179 13 20 1 066 371 273 98 187 115 83 31 245 67 59 178 169 27 3

1 279 394 280 163 11 17 949 326 238 87 164 108 77 29 216 58 52 157 149 23 3

447 489 452 556 093 509 447 407 324 083 807 681 832 619 230 066 844 164 330 456 415

952 243 797 837 985 843 246 106 776 330 857 704 877 450 009 849 312 160 020 109 134

279 509 217 288 845 3.47 3.87 3 986 665 9 546 3 407 555 2 256 421 56.6 943 265 181 102 7 12 625 215 152 63 104 64 46 19 156 43 39 112 107 15 2

641 759 845 490 463 007 826 914 393 521 856 938 438 476 555 772 224 783 039 492 157

336 128 98 61 4 5 323 110 86 23 60 43 31 9 59 15 13 44 41 7

311 484 952 347 522 836 420 192 383 809 001 766 439 974 454 077 088 377 981 617 977

145 51 24 15 1 2 117 45 34 10 22 6 5 2 29 8 7 21 20 4

495 246 655 719 108 666 201 301 548 753 950 977 955 169 221 217 532 004 310 347 281

78 42 19 16 4 6 94 38 31 6 20 5 5 1 19 7 6 12 12 1

858 872 876 260 464 431 836 747 802 945 921 950 191 888 891 249 556 642 217 721 527

132 369 610 352 837 3.55 3.89 6 942 375 14 541 5 969 188 4 254 321 61.3 1 372 436 304 179 14 23 1 029 358 264 93 181 115 82 31 231 64 56 167 159 24 3

621 824 044 760 644 374 247 246 396 850 453 172 955 348 767 053 911 714 098 696 610

075 471 227 280 584 3.47 3.87 3 929 112 9 452 3 357 682 2 217 070 56.4 935 262 179 100 7 11 619 213 150 63 103 64 45 19 155 43 38 111 106 15 2

815 545 547 735 307 844 129 452 403 049 418 191 936 300 269 438 943 831 137 406 157

436 174 124 79 7 11 410 144 113 30 78 50 37 12 76 20 17 55 52 9 1

806 279 497 025 337 530 118 794 993 801 035 981 019 048 498 615 968 883 961 290 453

131 51 21 16 2 3 132 51 40 11 27 6 6 2 33 10 9 23 22 4

684 537 284 056 913 566 036 908 730 178 275 459 068 159 354 262 489 092 449 481 332

90 30 12 8 1 79 30 23 7 15 4 3 1 20 5 5 15 14 3

904 855 233 17 61 55 36 28 20 10 2 189 158 31 44 28 20 15 14 156 367 58 40 48 32 27 1 3 16 1 1

572 941 956 702 612 551 119 830 680 931 531 900 765 135 056 154 379 902 142 185 272 229 299 631 213 814 181 218 418 956 356

218 124 35 371 12 358 3.43 3.81 343 276 862 301 231 245 487 71.5

536 966 704 599 738 166 240 240 012 228 537 004 702 286 880 777 373 103 666 432 159

41 20 8 7 2 2 52 21 17 3 11 2 2 12 4 4 7 7 1

148 571 580 457 175 400 796 668 718 950 738 455 366 873 474 485 116 989 783 049 173

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

4 396 077 2 775 482 721 655

3 951 354 2 480 307 650 065

2 508 000 1 577 980 414 887

1 443 354 902 327 235 178

444 723 295 175 71 590

393 184 255 588 57 593

4 327 720 2 733 462 708 442

2 476 015 1 556 765 409 213

1 851 705 1 176 697 299 229

461 541 297 608 70 806

271 641 176 800 42 987

189 900 120 808 27 819

759 926 2 980 794 1 922 312 513 758

674 510 2 656 872 1 705 459 461 200

433 929 1 591 692 1 020 532 277 602

240 1 065 684 183

85 323 216 52

75 316 210 47

400 778 186 478

751 495 2 948 653 1 906 061 507 608

427 457 1 567 560 1 004 100 273 180

324 1 381 901 234

83 348 226 53

49 197 128 31

34 151 97 22

581 180 927 598

416 922 853 558

038 093 961 428

831 919 437 628

136 629 676 190

695 290 761 438

557 186

491 286

297 680

193 606

65 900

64 721

554 651

292 342

262 309

67 256

37 782

29 474

1 015 328 667 252 141 088

927 941 606 866 128 402

672 038 445 192 96 621

255 903 161 674 31 781

87 387 60 386 12 686

47 136 30 712 5 406

982 785 644 144 135 259

667 042 441 834 95 892

315 743 202 310 39 367

79 679 53 820 11 235

55 290 37 902 8 200

24 389 15 918 3 035

163 961

148 214

112 598

35 616

15 747

7 572

158 235

111 772

46 463

13 298

9 460

3 838

7 300 231 2 924 089 3 618 669 217 179 104 320 435 974 7 156 647 2 168 733 3 468 840 370 956 490 705 657 413

6 584 463 2 663 783 3 235 319 199 657 91 876 393 828 6 482 970 1 987 082 3 110 769 343 298 439 161 602 660

4 153 308 1 731 831 1 960 185 140 534 62 433 258 325 4 129 040 1 321 287 1 869 941 248 656 291 772 397 384

7 257 623 2 910 012 3 603 052 215 921 101 136 427 502 7 054 815 2 139 156 3 440 509 363 736 472 441 638 973

4 095 760 1 708 726 1 930 201 139 278 61 844 255 711 4 078 628 1 307 473 1 842 118 246 658 288 928 393 451

3 161 863 1 201 286 1 672 851 76 643 39 292 171 791 2 976 187 831 683 1 598 391 117 078 183 513 245 522

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

408

2 431 931 1 275 59 29 135 2 353 665 1 240 94 147 205

155 952 134 123 443 503 930 795 828 642 389 276

715 260 383 17 12 42 673 181 358 27 51 54

768 306 350 522 444 146 677 651 071 658 544 753

727 258 400 17 11 40 586 145 354 16 35 34

518 467 536 114 097 304 670 523 172 056 935 984

770 272 416 18 14 48 688 175 382 23 54 53

126 544 153 372 281 776 502 100 503 276 199 424

430 154 229 10 8 28 412 109 216 15 34 36

799 508 028 469 253 541 830 865 500 931 446 088

339 118 187 7 6 20 275 65 166 7 19 17

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

327 036 125 903 028 235 672 235 003 345 753 336

59

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 47.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics of White, Not of Hispanic Origin Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban and rural

United States Urban and Rural Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Inside and outside metropolitan area

Urban

Inside metropolitan area

Inside urbanized area Total

Total

Urban fringe

Outside urbanized area

Rural

577 635 619 459 952 214 548 008 500 740 198 123 437 686 496 218 232 278 407 030 842 949 195 942 196 118 515 563 746 764 669

63 355 933 62 241 815 24 462 696 989 006 5 099 995 5 538 121 3 997 784 3 465 951 3 196 970 1 772 687 402 182 17 424 664 14 204 135 3 220 529 7 038 032 2 992 484 2 217 227 4 045 548 3 511 265 14 500 279 18 862 346 2 043 754 2 372 740 1 114 118 593 919 63 026 450 418 80 475 520 199 271 554 150 680

23 399 888 22 293 395 9 214 225 599 156 1 780 874 1 789 767 1 252 313 1 219 271 1 372 450 949 611 250 783 6 216 629 5 001 440 1 215 189 2 997 596 1 130 746 878 330 1 866 850 1 697 622 5 062 510 6 527 740 636 787 852 133 1 106 493 500 273 81 432 370 324 48 517 606 220 467 461 76 430

54 752 898 53 961 798 19 982 209 723 418 3 729 325 4 536 600 3 466 383 2 985 533 2 678 943 1 517 480 344 527 15 613 193 13 491 652 2 121 541 4 369 016 2 015 779 1 618 530 2 353 237 2 156 931 13 619 043 17 388 569 1 619 893 1 352 084 791 100 541 329 169 427 298 934 72 968 249 771 101 093 36 541

11 321 2 336 822 4 983 78 503 2.56 3.05 14 626 457 13 580 13 754 430 11 738 839 80.3

7 1 1 2 48

4 291 1 608 412 5 691 100 135 2.71 3.10 14 476 794 18 443 13 546 065 11 882 738 82.1

Central place

In central city

Total

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

Total

Urban

Rural

47 632 096 46 282 206 18 216 886 931 526 3 344 346 3 673 217 2 760 063 2 646 841 2 707 522 1 725 257 428 114 13 237 048 11 169 415 2 067 633 4 979 838 2 060 883 1 654 691 2 918 955 2 685 035 11 247 978 14 129 923 1 320 681 1 366 738 1 349 890 716 464 156 137 487 610 72 717 633 426 453 089 71 380

16 871 318 15 982 857 6 734 755 478 492 1 263 537 1 256 768 888 050 899 579 1 032 342 722 790 193 197 4 436 752 3 557 537 879 215 2 298 003 861 266 667 701 1 436 737 1 304 352 3 601 549 4 558 450 443 341 644 762 888 461 389 333 64 863 288 369 36 101 499 128 395 111 56 031

30 760 778 30 299 349 11 482 131 453 034 2 080 809 2 416 449 1 872 013 1 747 262 1 675 180 1 002 467 234 917 8 800 296 7 611 878 1 188 418 2 681 835 1 199 617 986 990 1 482 218 1 380 683 7 646 429 9 571 473 877 340 721 976 461 429 327 131 91 274 199 241 36 616 134 298 57 978 15 349

8 1 1 4 92

6 299 767 1 258 2 407 37 255 2.39 2.96 3 899 834 8 237 3 647 136 2 882 826 73.9

1 831 730 266 2 482 55 662 2.65 3.07 8 085 152 12 593 7 562 855 6 574 756 81.3

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

133 129 53 3 11 11 7 7 7 4 1 35 28 7 18 7 5 10 9 28 36 4 5 3 1

375 400 651 000 378 351 915 191 215 463 135 333 235 098 318 751 792 566 190 750 847 215 935 974 772 247 1 291 233 2 202 1 471 363

398 845 540 621 821 102 645 230 920 038 163 416 012 404 124 448 789 676 294 819 928 490 068 553 388 576 257 555 165 779 779

72 13 5 24 250

109 107 44 2 9 9 6 5 5 3 29 23 5 15 6 4 8 7 23 30 3 5 2 1

1 1

975 107 437 401 597 561 663 971 843 513 884 116 233 883 320 620 914 699 492 688 320 578 082 868 272 166 920 185 595 004 287

510 450 315 465 947 335 332 959 470 427 380 787 572 215 528 702 459 826 672 309 188 703 935 060 115 144 933 038 945 318 349

64 12 4 21 201

46 44 19 1 4 4 2 2 2 1 11 9 2 8 3 2 4 3 9 11 1 2 1

1

619 865 974 412 497 023 665 506 646 740 482 692 029 662 282 628 697 654 981 188 457 534 710 753 678 103 470 104 075 732 136

142 434 648 499 884 2.43 3.00 29 330 517 40 243 27 423 560 22 606 347 77.1

348 390 109 541 890 2.43 3.00 23 769 108 29 751 22 222 647 18 457 291 77.7

027 054 287 558 387 2.27 2.92 9 142 651 16 171 8 468 217 6 718 452 73.5

3 935 527 1 045 085 279 190 451 900 51 994 38 545 19 956 040 6 638 005 5 468 067 1 169 938 4 476 241 590 096 531 275 238 964 6 176 116 1 250 833 1 161 851 4 925 283 4 800 023 1 234 629 70 714

3 063 858 226 359 42 29 15 961 5 381 4 413 968 3 610 513 453 201 4 859 1 011 936 3 847 3 741 883 58

1 437 350 99 163 25 19 7 392 2 344 1 882 462 1 550 201 192 98 2 525 529 492 1 995 1 940 448 32

35 333 416 15 539 150 4 312 050

29 116 787 12 645 122 3 565 329

2 28 12 3

2 23 10 3

417 240 987 097 561 825 504 752 029 723 254 060 121 694 525 778 884 747 934 495 603

53 10 3 16 123

246 508 422 281 606 446 906 419 380 039 497 448 019 594 019 940 581 079 837 694 216

1 626 507 127 195 16 10 8 568 3 037 2 530 506 2 059 311 261 103 2 334 481 444 1 852 1 801 434 26

171 732 565 816 955 379 598 333 649 684 757 612 102 100 506 838 303 668 097 801 387

794 044 539 958 994 2.43 2.98 5 561 409 10 492 5 200 913 4 149 056 74.6

3 1 1

1 1 1

872 186 52 92 9 8 994 256 055 201 865 77 78 37 316 239 224 077 058 351 12

110 845 203 803 433 720 536 253 038 215 987 036 154 270 591 055 967 536 089 134 111

1 238 517 136 217 23 17 7 094 2 693 2 325 367 1 790 202 184 73 1 847 470 439 1 377 1 348 280 21

140 137 55 2 11 12 8 7 7 4 1 37 30 7 17 7 5 10 8 31 40 4 5 3 1

496 080 416 792 763 214 621 529 187 255 051 709 557 152 707 706 756 000 662 121 106 514 920 415 597 260 1 102 233 1 818 1 119 328

200 437 863 513 800 485 965 922 341 261 576 561 249 312 302 344 628 958 190 884 574 702 414 763 253 866 581 806 510 783 940

68 13 4 25 258

45 44 19 1 4 3 2 2 2 1 11 8 2 8 3 2 4 3 9 11 1 2 1

1

957 221 718 384 433 971 634 478 613 722 478 523 891 632 195 584 670 610 947 048 281 513 658 736 675 101 468 105 060 726 129

707 587 548 867 913 438 756 927 301 986 360 256 171 085 292 820 259 472 922 928 357 806 948 120 420 504 481 435 700 360 661

52 9 3 16 122

94 92 35 1 7 8 5 5 4 2 26 21 4 9 4 3 5 4 22 28 3 3 1

538 858 698 407 329 243 987 050 574 532 573 186 666 520 512 121 086 390 714 072 825 000 261 679 921 159 634 128 757 393 199

493 850 315 646 887 047 209 995 040 275 216 305 078 227 010 524 369 486 268 956 217 896 466 643 833 362 100 371 810 423 279

303 545 536 301 102 2.49 3.03 31 822 325 37 856 29 759 634 25 031 503 78.7

641 900 305 449 384 2.26 2.92 8 989 397 15 954 8 325 381 6 599 100 73.4

662 645 231 852 718 2.62 3.07 22 832 928 21 902 21 434 253 18 432 403 80.7

269 104 102 980 576 524 779 550 591 959 783 939 582 635 400 356 168 044 669 582 308

3 795 353 1 146 715 301 071 481 364 56 332 39 353 19 560 279 6 707 376 5 543 495 1 163 881 4 498 142 635 464 559 410 243 972 5 786 802 1 230 183 1 138 933 4 556 619 4 433 803 1 056 597 72 516

1 418 345 97 159 25 19 7 304 2 311 1 853 458 1 526 198 189 97 2 503 524 487 1 978 1 924 446 32

2 376 801 203 321 30 19 12 255 4 395 3 690 705 2 972 436 369 146 3 283 705 650 2 578 2 508 610 40

919 357 841 898 605 361 902 482 363 119 062 672 736 193 165 794 949 371 846 539 053

15 3 1 8 135

434 358 230 466 727 992 377 894 132 762 080 792 674 779 637 389 984 248 957 058 463

130 497 524 889 917 2.55 3.03 11 984 986 20 830 11 209 991 9 457 582 78.9 1 378 415 114 188 19 16 7 490 2 624 2 250 374 1 768 157 156 68 2 236 491 462 1 745 1 714 458 19

443 474 221 516 238 716 540 179 163 016 882 571 447 627 714 006 086 708 889 614 506

639 129 36 64 7 6 3 014 940 790 149 648 53 55 26 1 008 181 171 826 812 273 8

381 582 217 635 237 790 562 248 375 873 302 219 834 776 081 489 218 592 092 425 677

4 1 1 1

1

739 285 78 123 12 9 475 683 459 224 120 104 100 41 228 309 290 919 902 185 10

062 892 004 881 001 926 978 931 788 143 580 352 613 851 633 517 868 116 797 189 829

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

968 917 378 589

381 552 067 897

395 840 147 002

153 498 185 400

11 692 123 4 893 692 1 477 954 921 231 9 249 104 3 729 545 1 183 692

17 424 664 7 751 430 2 087 375

6 216 629 2 894 028 746 721

15 613 193 7 347 924 1 658 622

37 709 561 16 784 277 4 547 021

1 14 6 1

573 228 5 077 054 2 230 882 587 497

1 13 6 1

3 31 13 3

473 591 417 818

922 394 640 708

461 646 320 453

778 030 370 638

210 292 681 862

758 742 635 339

11 523 256 4 815 660 1 453 102 904 049 9 107 903 3 667 034 1 162 790

26 186 305 11 968 617 3 093 919

13 237 048 6 102 797 1 423 651

4 436 752 2 028 642 520 859

8 800 296 4 074 155 902 792

2 22 10 2

1 11 5 1

400 683 3 611 829 1 547 363 402 874

818 718 7 659 011 3 469 439 778 322

306 184 014 699

709 839 601 549

219 270 016 181

401 840 802 196

2 563 914

2 086 035

766 755

1 319 280

477 879

1 320 888

2 820 874

751 844

2 069 030

1 063 928

331 063

732 865

4 920 252 2 556 836 557 924

4 018 972 2 013 455 431 908

1 870 428 948 483 230 319

2 148 544 1 064 972 201 589

901 280 543 381 126 016

1 392 026 749 448 136 962

4 843 256 2 465 345 515 588

1 850 230 936 528 227 399

2 993 026 1 528 817 288 189

1 469 022 840 939 179 298

657 508 397 796 94 814

811 514 443 143 84 484

344 320

261 957

132 748

129 209

82 363

110 043

326 283

130 875

195 408

128 080

60 630

67 450

51 591 273 15 235 708 30 117 589 790 190 1 378 367 4 069 419 56 955 734 12 641 208 29 802 111 1 046 529 7 560 027 5 905 859

42 874 322 12 882 919 24 829 195 663 670 1 119 561 3 378 977 46 968 450 10 696 380 24 557 494 861 988 5 958 213 4 894 375

18 445 761 6 243 003 9 707 274 321 898 525 049 1 648 537 20 377 139 5 198 567 9 580 025 410 325 2 851 018 2 337 204

24 428 561 6 639 916 15 121 921 341 772 594 512 1 730 440 26 591 311 5 497 813 14 977 469 451 663 3 107 195 2 557 171

8 716 951 2 352 789 5 288 394 126 520 258 806 690 442 9 987 284 1 944 828 5 244 617 184 541 1 601 814 1 011 484

21 119 945 4 784 772 14 099 148 280 918 507 859 1 447 248 21 586 431 3 399 458 14 006 317 306 744 2 387 252 1 486 660

54 557 096 15 636 746 32 537 912 825 955 1 379 528 4 176 955 59 066 706 12 767 326 32 217 662 1 052 238 7 215 809 5 813 671

18 182 497 6 160 132 9 556 430 317 690 519 792 1 628 453 20 112 377 5 138 612 9 435 131 404 601 2 824 938 2 309 095

36 374 599 9 476 614 22 981 482 508 265 859 736 2 548 502 38 954 329 7 628 714 22 782 531 647 637 4 390 871 3 504 576

18 154 122 4 383 734 11 678 825 245 153 506 698 1 339 712 19 475 459 3 273 340 11 590 766 301 035 2 731 470 1 578 848

6 313 084 1 753 296 3 771 413 88 958 193 123 506 294 7 271 694 1 450 394 3 733 428 130 025 1 215 824 742 023

11 841 038 2 630 438 7 907 412 156 195 313 575 833 418 12 203 765 1 822 946 7 857 338 171 010 1 515 646 836 825

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

60

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

409

Section Five: Census Data

Table 48.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Household and Family Characteristics for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

1 959 234 1 902 958 591 372 45 373 149 553 148 317 100 356 70 351 48 640 23 236 5 546 442 161 288 587 153 574 149 211 77 851 57 519 71 360 58 473 284 695 758 135 153 801 114 955 56 276 28 050 17 791 4 997 5 262 28 226 9 420 5 592 4 522 1 146 468 1 470 5 608

1 878 285 1 825 128 570 332 43 584 143 680 143 090 97 199 67 887 47 081 22 447 5 364 426 933 278 457 148 476 143 399 74 226 54 762 69 173 56 784 273 552 724 828 146 999 109 417 53 157 26 613 16 927 4 657 5 029 26 544 8 755 5 291 4 307 1 106 436 1 371 5 278

3.12 3.60 696 967 1 104 584 587 379 714 54.5 160 515 65 720 19 888 19 263 3 329 3 076 114 453 44 634 29 626 15 008 20 199 5 753 4 429 2 334 32 788 9 855 9 087 22 933 22 121 3 922 394

442 266 62 68 283 165 36 45 120 78 18 18

667 258 305 19 15 68 702 208 313 29 60 89

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

152 698 877 152 830 333 050 677 119 583 133 195 623 572 682 382 863 300 010 352 528 167 774 454 147 675 287 185 307 481 244 171 32 24 86 269

23 797 23 132 7 163 637 2 043 1 894 1 107 787 440 206 49 5 033 3 507 1 526 2 130 1 243 894 887 679 3 791 8 779 1 635 1 764 665 290 189 53 48 375 184 57 44 8 8 13 61

7 273 662 7 120 735 2 013 735 120 460 515 322 584 616 371 877 220 744 132 878 56 008 11 830 1 559 043 1 279 456 279 587 454 692 255 465 174 915 199 227 153 415 1 462 478 2 538 730 713 966 391 826 152 927 22 992 7 518 9 723 5 751 129 935 96 025 13 766 2 270 1 110 199 363 16 202

6 908 638 6 766 801 1 922 097 112 746 488 941 560 495 356 389 210 600 127 376 54 062 11 488 1 486 349 1 225 991 260 358 435 748 244 233 167 763 191 515 147 871 1 407 617 2 395 894 673 606 367 587 141 837 19 635 5 960 8 767 4 908 122 202 92 656 11 712 1 822 644 145 279 14 944

1 645 472 1 606 258 504 048 26 188 125 618 145 784 83 535 60 648 40 501 17 871 3 903 381 403 321 727 59 676 122 645 68 378 47 113 54 267 42 138 335 720 512 531 163 731 90 228 39 214 4 108 895 2 406 807 35 106 28 349 840 365 167 23 46 5 316

1 406 770 1 382 730 348 847 17 177 76 728 103 633 74 219 40 477 20 467 13 618 2 528 287 539 223 238 64 301 61 308 28 250 18 651 33 058 22 708 286 220 486 575 183 547 77 541 24 040 3 821 991 1 873 957 20 219 8 708 6 918 370 163 31 75 3 954

3.11 3.58 666 202 1 061 558 847 361 258 54.2 155 540 62 952 18 945 18 211 3 196 2 990 110 426 42 998 28 571 14 427 19 521 5 495 4 273 2 261 31 894 9 509 8 763 22 385 21 601 3 627 357

3.53 4.18 22 727 29 18 688 13 281 58.4 3 538 2 383 697 751 109 70 2 909 1 290 819 471 489 163 102 44 545 231 219 314 299 245 31

3.04 3.60 8 038 14 7 052 5 175 64.4 1 437 385 246 301 24 16 1 118 346 236 110 189 95 54 29 349 115 105 234 221 50 6

3.34 3.80 2 083 387 2 042 1 894 076 1 666 429 80.0 172 769 79 874 67 761 32 931 2 181 4 522 454 458 142 006 119 212 22 794 76 096 106 808 47 452 12 231 58 710 18 044 16 222 40 666 38 832 8 892 2 263

3.33 3.79 1 951 392 1 906 1 785 910 1 584 007 81.2 152 286 65 542 62 440 29 779 1 821 3 994 439 723 136 582 115 384 21 198 73 455 105 217 46 272 11 743 56 344 17 202 15 462 39 142 37 405 7 932 2 178

3.15 3.62 386 290 345 355 251 325 435 84.2 21 850 12 734 12 211 4 529 177 1 043 133 977 42 761 36 809 5 952 22 146 32 108 10 780 2 914 19 514 6 006 5 452 13 508 12 925 2 294 1 460

3.70 4.02 385 681 247 341 242 296 467 76.9 33 708 23 265 13 793 6 229 310 595 104 206 29 578 24 629 4 949 13 227 29 371 18 787 4 464 7 035 3 117 2 642 3 918 3 441 1 331 413

2.47 3.09 156 927 127 145 103 130 588 83.2 11 104 6 882 1 605 2 670 121 419 105 932 42 248 35 969 6 279 28 082 6 905 4 660 1 470 19 457 5 330 4 980 14 127 13 725 2 969 141

3.44 3.83 244 354 165 231 320 216 398 88.6 10 859 4 272 6 173 1 768 145 511 23 004 3 864 3 360 504 1 643 12 230 2 982 449 1 426 663 586 763 727 354 56

3.19 3.60 246 539 193 233 784 213 616 86.6 14 711 5 391 4 257 2 241 239 434 35 247 8 856 7 572 1 284 4 355 11 379 3 672 736 5 719 985 865 4 734 4 609 504 26

161 497 305 514 818 951 796 468 901 879 436 683

426 256 59 65 274 159 35 43 117 76 17 18

933 524 626 436 180 473 199 194 047 296 697 056

10 6 1 2 6 4

195 783 787 263 176 256 981 1 648 2 743 1 821 525 469

5 033 3 190 892 815 3 462 2 222 616 626 1 111 762 214 158

1 559 916 241 196 1 265 790 215 177 190 96 18 15

043 967 935 525 598 212 773 051 898 429 515 628

1 486 870 230 184 1 212 755 207 167 176 87 16 13

349 922 469 086 538 637 269 122 829 689 409 561

381 201 57 35 320 181 54 33 37 14 2 1

403 076 862 124 147 441 321 281 711 461 400 370

287 171 40 35 225 143 33 31 44 21 4 2

539 119 136 570 127 300 888 822 412 634 579 965

202 84 24 15 168 73 22 14 24 8 1

954 261 864 408 651 516 989 348 934 408 328 824

193 131 35 27 172 122 33 26 10 5 1

379 111 465 586 455 806 718 368 020 621 048 843

161 99 28 15 134 86 26 13 18 9 1

645 397 340 078 760 927 386 969 689 963 462 911

623 558 865 694 279 227 215 846 686 119 835 729

640 245 295 18 14 66 675 199 301 28 58 87

157 149 274 941 538 255 341 944 363 203 617 214

18 888 9 818 6 805 522 511 1 232 18 527 6 637 8 150 649 1 571 1 520

8 578 3 591 3 786 231 230 740 8 347 2 265 4 173 267 647 995

2 673 734 1 021 395 1 499 565 35 914 35 088 81 772 2 862 398 789 782 1 680 315 51 857 205 178 135 266

2 547 970 1 436 33 33 73 2 736 748 1 617 48 197 124

049 413 831 373 111 321 451 816 381 090 308 856

656 240 384 6 9 15 670 191 396 8 51 23

416 565 194 261 569 827 291 085 592 246 135 233

486 172 280 7 7 18 602 165 348 13 43 30

404 197 524 462 913 308 017 527 774 513 275 928

322 118 180 3 5 14 392 96 231 4 34 25

188 513 080 593 742 260 661 531 049 904 337 840

331 110 208 3 2 7 275 62 188 3 14 6

843 006 549 371 895 022 097 697 601 176 110 513

256 93 151 3 1 5 338 82 207 5 24 18

561 774 658 280 968 881 279 556 367 631 511 214

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

57 54 13 1 3 3 2 1 1 10 6 3 3 2 1 1 1 7 24 5 3 2 1

1

847 825 310 15 66 73 44 48 43 14 3 202 167 35 107 55 43 52 44 219 215 36 43 21 4 2 1 17 14

1

562 977 945 362 843 250 912 873 071 705 929 954 916 038 991 063 252 928 276 083 907 254 788 585 318 457 828 033 267 924 745 171 103 19 47 258

815 799 237 13 68 80 53 16 3 1 193 174 18 44 34 22 10 7 165 285 76 35 15 1

14 12

447 896 800 993 076 480 357 604 962 118 210 379 493 886 421 146 328 275 799 223 306 341 226 551 355 582 421 352 196 307 438 434 74 21 27 895

798 781 202 12 52 55 46 21 10 3 161 135 26 40 18 12 22 18 186 304 57 30 17 1

16 14 1

849 245 556 135 971 055 796 024 229 895 451 645 112 533 911 356 649 555 142 921 019 555 194 604 388 260 626 502 216 095 094 136 46 17 37 791

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

410

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

61

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 48.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Con.

Pacific Islander

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

024 934 638 714 381 121 488 144 502 946 342 694 465 229 944 232 152 712 544 861 836 360 239 090 357 558 956 843 733 369 054 448 466 54 84 258

211 205 56 4 14 14 10 7 4 1

62 60 12 1 4 3 2 1

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP

                                    Persons per household  Persons per family  Persons under 18 years  Householder or spouse  Own child  In married-couple family  Percent of persons under 18 years  With female householder, no husband present  Grandchild Other relatives  Nonrelatives  Institutionalized persons  Other persons in group quarters  Persons 65 years and over  Family householder  Male  Female  Spouse  Parent  Other relatives  Nonrelatives  Nonfamily householder  Male  Living alone  Female  Living alone  Institutionalized persons  Other persons in group quarters  All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters

614 604 143 10 44 46 23 11 4 1 119 93 25 23 17 10 6 4 93 243 80 44 9 1

7 5

1

547 814 095 831 987 565 846 097 241 332 196 466 903 563 629 204 248 425 437 404 625 195 495 733 807 860 336 611 926 121 791 152 44 13 19 786

147 146 28 2 7 9 5 2

27 18 9 1 1

18 72 17 8

411 657 957 089 890 899 544 385 931 192 27 104 021 083 853 214 727 639 441 676 941 501 582 754 138 56 24 58 616 389 53 37 3 – 1 133

90 89 13 1 4 3 1

13 10 2

11 55 8 1

082 709 742 656 748 757 923 950 545 151 12 352 909 443 390 225 157 165 148 146 503 103 215 373 35 13 3 19 338 309 15 2 – 5 – 7

149 148 30 2 9 9 5 2

27 23 4 2 1

22 72 16 5

014 193 188 252 941 485 438 101 792 158 21 973 155 818 215 746 965 469 315 825 766 846 568 821 204 85 19 100 617 368 92 13 3 4 2 135

91 89 23 2 5 9 5

16 11 4 6 3 2 3 2 24 26 8 7 1

1 1

275 363 021 107 386 147 148 913 256 56 8 451 836 615 570 333 040 237 215 224 191 227 700 912 181 89 22 70 731 250 302 15 12 3 1 148

4.08 4.36 209 257 246 185 492 153 003 73.1 24 335 4 397 11 717 6 374 439 592 18 084 4 418 3 391 1 027 1 926 6 600 2 566 928 1 351 547 474 804 755 238 57

5.04 5.03 69 784 87 61 273 45 641 65.4 13 627 2 308 3 610 2 376 52 78 3 724 1 004 665 339 328 1 287 632 308 146 64 36 82 76 16 3

6.51 6.58 55 251 211 51 312 46 065 83.4 4 372 1 016 2 179 504 21 8 2 535 624 435 189 248 1 189 336 50 84 15 11 69 67 3 1

4.88 5.01 67 200 110 60 791 52 258 77.8 6 377 1 909 3 142 1 127 76 45 3 697 874 704 170 354 1 498 724 130 97 34 27 63 60 17 3

3.01 3.48 22 805 41 20 648 17 377 76.2 2 318 565 891 567 54 39 1 416 202 140 62 114 584 317 67 118 29 20 89 76 13 1

119 81 19 21 84 64 16 18 19 12 2 2

466 676 576 836 317 679 184 597 401 296 344 648

27 22 3 9 18 15 2 7 7 5 1 1

13 12 2 6 11 10 2 5 1 1

27 23 4 7 22 19 3 6 3 2

16 10 2 1 11 8 2 1 3 1

239 124 102 5 2 4 210 75 107 5 12 8

236 401 066 458 473 838 290 505 740 795 749 501

40 555 16 991 21 467 730 730 637 45 789 13 832 22 139 2 236 6 120 1 462

302 291 78 8 25 23 11 5 2 55 45 9 23 16 9 7 5 44 120 25 23 10 2 1 7 6

209 959 898 956 753 440 671 528 381 966 203 083 681 402 815 318 633 497 252 175 530 306 050 250 280 672 209 399 970 836 424 127 29 9 24 521

3.18 3.75 107 304 134 99 694 87 159 81.2 9 025 2 803 2 862 1 394 187 230 7 901 2 153 1 710 443 1 032 2 066 816 227 1 397 412 369 985 944 193 17

365 353 91 7 26 24 15 10 5 1 72 53 19 18 11 7 7 5 54 142 40 24 11 3 1 7 3 2

1

3.65 4.08 131 995 136 108 166 82 422 62.4 20 483 14 332 5 321 3 152 360 528 14 735 5 424 3 828 1 596 2 641 1 591 1 180 488 2 366 842 760 1 524 1 427 960 85

43 31 12 13 7 4 5 4 31 80 22 14 5 1

3 1

014 738 839 310 959 367 120 143 132 563 245 586 169 417 253 629 944 624 082 625 628 078 568 276 790 881 405 504 486 450 839 277 375 37 62 446

11 8 3 1 1

8 27 8 3 2 1

1

964 347 933 143 017 554 190 227 604 160 38 253 235 018 680 045 667 635 471 117 608 572 117 617 000 431 357 212 617 711 502 87 58 10 14 235

49 47 12 1 4 3 1 1

10 8 2 2 1

8 17 4 4 1

1

345 742 875 352 300 545 787 154 536 156 45 273 052 221 602 662 993 940 654 358 942 488 079 603 383 146 169 68 220 465 554 47 13 1 3 137

41 701 40 107 8 991 909 3 105 2 655 1 391 620 230 67 14 7 582 6 009 1 573 1 409 896 548 513 337 6 761 16 658 5 222 2 475 1 594 184 100 25 59 1 410 743 159 37 20 6 5 440 4.20 4.57 16 092 21 13 808 11 839 73.6 1 515 917 935 290 31 90 932 249 210 39 114 273 162 42 62 21 20 41 39 27 3

3.39 3.84 72 982 60 58 589 42 838 58.7 12 591 9 715 2 251 1 900 173 294 10 233 4 033 2 770 1 263 2 035 789 657 336 1 907 685 618 1 222 1 142 427 49

4.51 4.84 26 636 26 21 767 16 789 63.0 4 184 2 680 1 464 466 130 103 2 047 627 445 182 236 361 222 60 175 58 52 117 113 346 20

3.57 3.91 16 285 29 14 002 10 956 67.3 2 193 1 020 671 496 26 41 1 523 515 403 112 256 168 139 50 222 78 70 144 133 160 13

10 6 1 1 7 5 1 1 1 1

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN

           

Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

104 439 969 231 213 865 415 105 094 689 323 884

352 063 540 623 140 375 216 990 707 425 242 540

973 048 608 143 513 329 620 253 375 656 637 708

451 419 468 671 949 128 083 472 239 900 279 163

55 34 10 8 43 29 9 7 6 3

083 313 641 816 266 271 449 917 247 636 767 705

72 46 11 12 53 34 8 9 14 8 2 2

694 045 466 439 060 575 504 929 069 740 106 067

43 25 5 6 31 18 4 4 9 5 1 1

586 529 957 454 022 363 200 907 274 545 289 300

11 8 2 2 8 6 1 2 2 1

253 323 171 610 297 403 633 110 200 528 399 418

28 507 13 003 13 673 482 136 1 213 44 973 11 857 26 938 1 131 1 426 3 621

116 53 55 1

815 812 895 871 967 270 563 921 525 929 473 715

126 50 62 2 1 8 125 40 62 3 7 10

685 982 734 541 977 451 947 966 934 767 870 410

74 29 35 1 1 5 74 24 36 2 5 7

168 879 526 464 315 984 886 008 200 128 107 443

20 294 8 375 10 442 397 287 793 19 780 7 035 9 619 772 1 314 1 040

273 771 734 735 656 214 316 426 668 088 270 227

7 5 1 1 6 4 1 1

582 422 604 640 085 595 355 486 927 579 148 122

MARITAL STATUS

           

Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

62

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

20 355 7 154 12 718 203 148 132 19 930 4 092 12 650 441 2 233 514

48 169 19 997 26 007 662 570 933 44 561 13 213 26 006 1 088 2 939 1 315

4 92 31 49 1 4 4

18 274 7 552 8 988 419 213 1 102 17 457 5 514 9 234 556 843 1 310

13 949 5 176 7 778 261 162 572 13 824 4 409 7 881 311 606 617

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

411

Section Five: Census Data

Table 49.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Household and Family Characteristics by Type of Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race)

United States All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Other Hispanic

5 086 435 4 963 936 1 442 000 109 547 413 767 370 587 234 528 152 595 98 442 50 170 12 364 1 111 900 779 432 332 468 330 100 173 138 113 340 156 962 125 765 800 354 1 762 385 546 278 412 919

Not of Hispanic origin

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

248 242 91 5 19 20 14 12 11 6 1 64 50 14 27 12 9 15 13 50 76 11 10

709 012 947 049 849 393 303 379 516 786 669 517 133 384 429 141 206 287 373 708 728 950 677

873 129 410 358 651 073 214 413 582 873 246 947 040 907 463 701 811 762 609 322 438 582 377

22 354 059 21 836 827 6 001 718 520 030 1 754 958 1 480 178 912 068 659 209 424 711 204 060 46 504 4 789 261 3 465 108 1 324 153 1 212 457 666 964 445 710 545 493 442 938 3 390 585 8 647 554 2 285 206 1 511 764

13 495 938 13 212 981 3 342 524 321 427 1 035 122 836 262 470 942 338 783 216 251 100 365 23 372 2 751 262 2 102 401 648 861 591 262 348 178 224 303 243 084 194 628 2 021 038 5 530 654 1 426 048 892 717

2 727 754 2 640 308 825 933 75 428 234 194 205 220 134 931 91 782 54 757 24 701 4 920 636 273 355 436 280 837 189 660 97 003 71 884 92 657 76 658 352 132 1 087 499 216 966 157 778

1 043 932 1 019 602 391 261 13 628 71 875 68 109 71 667 76 049 55 261 28 824 5 848 289 826 227 839 61 987 101 435 48 645 36 183 52 790 45 887 217 061 267 016 95 914 48 350

697 334 115 772 446 3 363 1 953 589 178 49 11 52 528

744 018 111 032 875 726 558 700 638 734 768 038 290 2.63 3.16

517 261 197 32 31 255 70 43 27 16 1 4 89

232 693 400 568 725 539 964 754 634 663 770 812 942 3.53 3.88

282 137 101 18 17 144 28 22 11 10 1 2 68

957 989 572 827 590 968 375 385 633 819 017 170 569 3.80 4.11

87 44 33 4 6 42 11 9 9 2

24 16 11 3

432 847 020 569 70.2 674 900 493 999 172 053 121 322 142 403 122 788 241 831 801 438 759 574 041 864 927 364 156 730 975 410 428 761 171 263 055 016 902 614 116 247 922 231 676 062 104 803

7 757 16 6 686 4 805

500 681 817 660 61.9 1 504 305 488 361 325 328 195 816 17 557 26 940 1 161 283 410 154 305 126 105 028 208 728 121 631 89 023 33 507 265 121 74 315 66 400 190 806 181 547 29 177 3 942

5 078 10 4 366 3 324

780 984 013 291 65.5 802 712 320 703 224 753 127 996 10 617 17 714 572 558 219 468 163 721 55 747 107 512 52 358 39 370 14 700 120 520 35 646 31 846 84 874 80 568 16 579 2 051

959 2 830 422

2 751 262 1 828 910 459 794 551 560 1 978 989 1 366 062 347 286 435 276

6 3 1 1

63 604 90 57 461 44 642 10 3 1 1

31 10 8 2 6 1 9 2 1 7 6 1

446 822 911 056 855 624 551 459 130 832 408 1 716 7 528 3.15 3.56

330 018 851 259 908 8 312 3 559 1 220 996 418 35 192 1 892 2.78 3.22

122 62 50 6 6 59 27 10 5 2

499 864 066 426 372 635 479 690 875 594 310 734 11 953 3.33 3.69

785 296 753 974 44.1 360 463 69 511 27 833 21 385 3 482 4 525 134 302 45 175 29 828 15 347 21 713 12 368 7 711 3 925 39 203 11 315 10 180 27 888 26 655 3 663 544

186 823 500 163 441 125 475 67.2 31 133 14 695 4 178 3 349 337 323 168 390 54 121 44 162 9 959 30 628 20 432 18 091 5 724 35 812 9 784 8 675 26 028 24 858 3 028 554

1 532 2 1 326 932

636 406 102 97 353 212 56 50

273 273 175 947 609 608 763 365

289 119 32 22 223 93 26 18

826 853 086 888 263 116 499 589

1 111 676 185 162 741 460 130 117

900 034 193 931 711 712 688 677

235 312 807 705

234 167 36 42

328 806 917 784

48 20 3 3

630 813 822 352

261 165 35 35

271 033 948 692

4 813 559 1 921 992 2 449 682 117 956 64 754 259 175 4 358 178 1 294 882 2 272 119 183 410 266 272 341 495

914 388 403 42 14 65 996 345 391 83 65 110

595 538 256 985 546 270 351 115 235 549 534 918

434 119 253 13 10 37 456 88 238 14 57 56

074 094 575 296 476 633 044 711 731 656 634 312

1 865 752 912 60 25 114 1 932 585 920 105 137 183

521 932 692 056 641 200 744 548 927 397 200 672

112 901 610 920 60.9 309 997 83 452 68 564 43 086 3 121 4 378 286 033 91 390 67 415 23 975 48 875 36 473 23 851 9 158 69 586 17 570 15 699 52 016 49 466 5 907 793

226 220 85 4 18 18 13 11 11 6 1 59 46 13 26 11 8 14 12 47 68 9 9

355 175 945 529 094 912 391 720 091 582 622 728 667 060 217 474 761 742 930 317 080 665 165

814 302 692 328 693 895 146 204 871 813 742 686 932 754 006 737 101 269 671 737 884 376 613

6 180 512 3 072 325 917 711 1 739 464 415 150 3 108 187 1 882 594 545 946 151 004 33 071 9 998 47 226 438 348 2.57 3.10 55 846 74 50 774 39 836 9 3

30 10 8 1 6 1 8 1 1 6 6 1

932 166 203 909 71.3 170 595 005 638 846 725 925 506 124 846 95 848 080 548 391 284 454 448 936 836 718 636 035 099 886 387 395 254 906 142 980 701 836 214 925 441 740 684 646 885 100 861

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

64 30 7 6 50 23 6 5

517 877 884 403 708 494 226 141

947 675 751 526 322 726 406 106

4 789 261 3 031 070 779 248 835 326 3 297 572 2 132 498 561 236 621 907

Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

10 6 1 1

666 028 272 086

043 409 224 510

1 062 697 146 171

93 28 53 1 2 6 101 23 53 2 12 9

817 804 781 896 377 957 324 755 144 676 121 626

315 618 245 397 589 466 687 235 096 840 939 577

8 027 749 3 182 556 4 019 205 234 293 115 417 476 278 7 743 317 2 314 256 3 823 012 387 012 526 640 692 397

464 964 494 533

518 344 69 89

59 27 7 5 47 21 5 4

728 846 105 568 410 362 665 519

686 605 503 200 750 228 170 199

9 603 579 5 330 445 1 125 730 914 977

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

412

85 25 49 1 2 6 93 21 49 2 11 8

789 622 762 662 262 481 581 440 321 289 595 934

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

566 062 040 104 172 188 370 979 084 828 299 180

63

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 50.

Section Five: Census Data

Household and Family Characteristics for Race by Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

United States All persons

Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Hispanic origin

6 968 359 6 821 491 1 938 588 114 628 494 649 563 568 359 000 212 856 128 653 53 852 11 382 1 499 474 1 235 555 263 919 439 114 246 766 169 324 192 348 148 448 1 413 969 2 416 744 681 194 370 996

9 555 754 9 353 915 2 430 847 258 707 815 802 632 364 346 984 209 758 112 054 45 424 9 754 2 029 928 1 432 062 597 866 400 919 245 375 153 517 155 544 119 202 1 332 270 3 812 189 1 081 562 697 047

Not of Hispanic origin

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Householder 15 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 to 84 years 85 years and over Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Institutionalized persons Correctional institutions Nursing homes Other institutions Other persons in group quarters College dormitories Military quarters Emergency shelters for homeless persons Visible in street locations Shelters for abused women Drug/ alcohol abuse group homes Other noninstitutional group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

248 242 91 5 19 20 14 12 11 6 1 64 50 14 27 12 9 15 13 50 76 11 10

709 012 947 049 849 393 303 379 516 786 669 517 133 384 429 141 206 287 373 708 728 950 677

873 129 410 358 651 073 214 413 582 873 246 947 040 907 463 701 811 762 609 322 438 582 377

11 557 774 11 308 797 3 246 356 234 779 848 579 762 813 512 391 413 686 290 574 148 824 34 710 2 515 036 1 889 040 625 996 731 320 378 912 262 123 352 408 293 709 1 912 289 4 354 090 1 072 284 723 778

697 334 115 772 446 3 363 1 953 589 178 49 11 52 528

744 018 111 032 875 726 558 700 638 734 768 038 290 2.63 3.16

248 128 89 22 17 120 37 15 11 8

432 847 020 569 70.2 674 900 493 999 172 053 121 322 142 403 122 788

3 820 7 3 321 2 490

6 3 1 1

Persons under 18 years Householder or spouse Own child In married-couple family Percent of persons under 18 years With female householder, no husband present Grandchild Other relatives Nonrelatives Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

63 604 90 57 461 44 642

Persons 65 years and over Family householder Male Female Spouse Parent Other relatives Nonrelatives Nonfamily householder Male Living alone Female Living alone Institutionalized persons Other persons in group quarters

31 10 8 2 6 1

10 3 1 1

9 2 1 7 6 1

241 801 759 041 927 156 975 428 171 055 902 116 922 676 104

831 438 574 864 364 730 410 761 263 016 614 247 231 062 803

977 345 128 101 116 632 105 046 438 913 788 2 091 45 251 3.31 3.71

188 183 73 3 15 15 11 10 9 5 1 50 41 9 22 9 7 12 11 42 54 5 7

128 362 633 724 108 887 382 176 894 980 479 946 726 219 687 767 411 919 347 369 236 835 287

296 643 749 039 146 702 028 763 863 518 690 609 664 945 140 227 319 913 225 862 497 383 152

769 715 209 16 57 53 33 24 15 6 1 154 80 73 55 28 21 26 21 77 287 82 57

4 765 653 2 313 717 417 003 1 590 191 306 523 2 451 936 1 572 872 400 320 76 433 15 042 6 060 30 190 351 019 2.51 3.03

54 35 31 1 2 18 3 2 5 3

918 476 892 122 65.2 660 958 244 043 136 094 91 472 8 257 11 684

43 807 58 40 969 34 489

311 686 625 085 78.7 5 173 796 1 562 189 415 292 669 880 75 570 56 069

801 280 216 64 153 73 56 20 193 51 46 141 135 20 2

154 702 465 237 899 017 419 767 406 601 242 805 281 162 782

27 9 7 1 6

2 515 036 1 468 861 369 260 384 751 1 819 907 1 078 925 279 154 298 871

50 22 5 4 42 18 5 3

767 612 390 774 814 286 919 060 505 700 332 230 649 581 160 654 000 506 943 916 614 972 720

29 216 293 28 006 615 9 766 771 643 829 2 337 930 2 310 225 1 547 581 1 258 758 1 018 189 524 338 125 921 6 832 394 3 411 219 3 421 175 2 934 377 1 379 062 1 119 836 1 555 315 1 373 574 3 241 737 10 618 732 2 989 740 1 389 635

155 950 766 304 880 205 713 602 035 344 150 463 2 898 3.19 3.66

1 209 708 476 134 97 501 204 127 68 16 3 15 66

266 015 496 218 723 108 624 40.8 95 418 23 899 10 804 8 104 1 912 2 077

9 318 12 7 374 3 341

165 159 39 3 12 10 5 3 2 30 19 11 9 5 3 4 3 19 71 15 12

678 550 318 533 699 128 308 287 350 303 319 305 256 2.87 3.47

6 202 3 087 2 505 115 467 3 115 611 689 635 359 51 127 643 3.35 3.72

400 428 131 728 35.9 3 667 827 1 303 689 346 759 205 155 43 906 32 332

69 359 124 58 327 36 229 52.2 17 694 5 617 2 403 2 183 379 326

050 331 793 537 267 793 715 312 023 721 601 302 148 515 92

819 555 658 897 024 035 857 599 516 189 019 327 692 211 022

37 12 7 5 4 3 2 1 11 3 3 7 7 1

838 129 011 118 684 912 503 692 408 488 073 920 433 249 261

2 470 876 514 361 356 131 119 68 791 231 210 559 531 118 6

946 887 970 430 563 698 043 884

609 074 672 159 582 437 535 802

154 97 25 24 76 47 13 12

230 166 245 947 779 983 079 923

6 832 394 3 809 584 838 364 881 770 3 333 566 1 731 789 374 726 418 498

30 19 5 5 18 11 2 3

6 312 278 3 306 284 694 886 454 363

61 41 9 10

673 515 387 477

2 990 006 1 855 630 395 175 428 022

8 6 1 1

8 1 1 6 6 1

461 259 978 938 090 667 897 817 353 956 260 498 456 042 480 324 479 156 117 601 675 616 389

713 666 922 744 805 859 917 610 782 948 139 834 305 847 227

5 669 2 089 1 428 661 870 543 327 238 1 480 466 406 1 014 954 97 25

1 793 773 1 743 699 551 394 41 435 137 463 137 650 94 459 66 534 46 287 22 280 5 286 411 663 269 131 142 532 139 731 72 527 54 040 67 204 55 356 265 094 686 460 138 185 102 566 50 24 15 4 4 25 8 4 3

305 299 75 5 20 21 12 7 4 2 59 43 15 15 8 5 6 4 48 121 32 20

303 244 147 832 673 048 877 888 225 156 448 569 901 668 578 699 591 879 967 509 986 772 830

868 478 504 514 460 390 973 566 979 919 167 308 15 478 3.34 3.80

38 25 13 16 9 6 7 6 27 122 20 15

093 854 190 397 505 750 078 293 879 825 463 546 363 183 644 155 582 489 068 075 451 874 264

074 963 286 882 795 111 809 903 887 787 417 1 343 4 965 3.11 3.59

6 059 1 514 1 014 209 291 4 545 2 052 1 200 291 191 32 55 724 3.53 3.88

146 21 6 9 5 125 93 12 1

201 92 72 8 10 109 27 24 10 3

8 239 3 617 2 600 344 673 4 622 2 632 870 355 20 35 80 630 3.01 3.59

627 608 980 526 260 343 485 54.7 142 821 60 103 17 485 17 080 2 950 2 750

108 154 156 93 759 72 088 66.7 16 742 7 284 3 920 2 600 202 233

1 975 1 1 800 1 594

3 493 8 2 994 2 098

118 380 186 103 870 68 270 57.7 30 124 7 067 3 348 3 060 441 408

440 137 115 21 73 104 45 11 56 17 15 39 37 8 2

209 255 391 864 844 030 894 636 632 314 590 318 573 704 214

233 886 317 341 80.7 156 027 72 590 63 841 30 331 1 979 4 289

108 42 28 14 19 5 4 2 31 9 8 21 21 3

784 545 198 347 329 210 102 096 308 389 681 919 167 825 369

14 249 4 751 3 821 930 2 252 2 778 1 558 595 2 078 730 632 1 348 1 259 188 49

498 972 094 365 233 799 972 445

411 246 57 63 265 154 33 42

663 525 211 149 585 152 824 023

59 37 9 9 42 27 6 7

569 254 310 139 381 507 975 127

1 499 879 232 187 1 223 762 208 169

474 713 625 386 217 705 798 924

965 357 491 592

111 72 16 17

936 522 945 091

11 7 1 1

821 410 603 628

179 89 16 14

077 019 912 000

746 462 278 079 928 4 999

613 235 283 17 14 63

877 096 587 615 351 228

104 42 51 2 1 5

083 859 704 591 465 464

2 569 978 1 447 33 33 76

650 191 291 26 57 83

335 511 588 026 735 475

109 33 56 4 6 8

479 895 403 099 756 326

2 752 755 1 623 47 198 126

839 797 987 839 971 042 483 217 235 856 749 2 076 40 426 3.87 4.11

249 240 55 5 16 13 8 5 3 1

054 429 116 597 60.1 713 493 207 518 172 107 91 457 6 807 12 620 302 110 76 34 47 41 28 10 56 18 16 38 36 7

373 483 401 082 023 381 216 215 749 030 047 719 620 481 825

10 023 3 263 2 279 984 1 634 965 617 313 2 904 861 785 2 043 1 947 298 29

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

64 30 7 6 50 23 6 5

517 877 884 403 708 494 226 141

947 675 751 526 322 726 406 106

Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years only With own children under 6 and 6 to 17 years

10 6 1 1

666 028 272 086

043 409 224 510

93 28 53 1 2 6

817 804 781 896 377 957

315 618 245 397 589 466

4 162 924 1 558 124 2 155 942 110 861 69 607 268 390

72 20 44 1 1 5

711 020 216 071 886 516

218 480 737 108 226 667

274 127 105 15 5 19

401 697 661 928 186 929

9 822 582 4 354 053 3 783 325 537 993 326 862 820 349

53 23 22 2

101 23 53 2 12 9

324 755 144 676 121 626

687 235 096 840 939 577

4 150 447 1 135 082 2 123 374 172 451 332 280 387 260

78 16 43 1 9 7

542 040 808 353 947 392

165 666 428 273 279 519

266 100 93 23 19 29

552 059 705 711 908 169

11 563 924 4 426 173 3 566 627 859 430 1 387 095 1 324 599

51 17 22 3 3 6

494 301 60 68

468 284 207 397

2 029 928 1 407 817 370 339 411 124 1 340 272 966 284 259 056 299 541

38 23 6 5 24 15 4 3

546 709 631 736 800 145 287 952

537 398 806 439

10 6 1 1

282 990 812 501

651 536 861 323 623 308

3 432 595 1 430 414 1 683 620 102 834 38 231 177 496

72 33 30 2 1 4

238 897 530 065 110 636

919 887 912 758 422 940

3 164 959 1 027 885 1 527 432 183 658 164 596 261 388

72 26 30 3 4 6

027 742 529 341 768 647

485 341 73 89

MARITAL STATUS Males 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced Females 15 years and over Never married Now married, except separated Separated Widowed Divorced

64

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

880 335 098 093 100 254

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

413

Section Five: Census Data

Table 251.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of Persons: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Percent of all persons

Persons in group quarters

Percent of all persons In households

United States Region and Division State

United States



In families

Nonfamily householders and nonrelatives of householder

In group quarters

Total

Percent institutionalized

All persons

Under 5 years

Under 18 years

18 to 24 years

25 to 44 years

45 to 64 years

65 years and over

80 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

248 709 873

7.4

25.6

10.8

32.5

18.6

12.6

2.8

32.9

91.9

82.0

15.3

2.7

6 697 744

49.8

50 809 229 13 206 943 37 602 286

6.9 7.0 6.9

23.4 23.2 23.5

10.7 11.2 10.5

32.4 33.4 32.1

19.6 18.8 19.9

13.8 13.4 13.9

3.1 3.2 3.1

34.2 33.7 34.3

89.2 90.2 88.8

81.4 80.2 81.8

15.7 16.4 15.4

3.0 3.4 2.8

1 510 088 445 031 1 065 057

47.2 40.3 50.1

59 668 632 42 008 942 17 659 690

7.4 7.4 7.4

26.2 26.1 26.4

10.5 10.6 10.1

31.6 31.8 31.2

18.7 18.9 18.3

13.0 12.6 13.9

3.1 2.9 3.6

32.9 32.9 33.1

90.8 90.6 91.5

82.5 82.8 81.7

14.8 14.7 15.2

2.7 2.5 3.1

1 598 620 1 055 689 542 931

53.3 53.8 52.4

85 43 15 26 52 13 39

930 853 284 793 082 776 306

7.3 7.0 7.0 7.9 8.0 8.1 7.9

25.8 24.1 26.2 28.2 26.7 28.4 26.0

10.9 10.8 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.3 11.1

32.1 32.5 30.9 32.1 34.0 32.5 34.5

18.7 19.2 19.2 17.7 17.5 17.6 17.5

12.6 13.4 12.7 11.1 10.9 11.2 10.9

2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3

32.7 33.6 32.9 31.2 31.8 31.6 31.8

91.0 91.0 88.7 92.4 97.6 96.0 98.1

83.0 81.7 85.0 84.1 80.3 82.0 79.8

14.3 15.4 12.5 13.5 17.2 15.8 17.7

2.7 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.5

2 294 420 1 243 962 392 424 658 034 1 294 616 297 687 996 929

49.9 46.4 49.5 56.8 48.1 48.7 47.9

13 206 943 1 227 928 1 109 252 562 758 6 016 425 1 003 464 3 287 116 37 602 286 17 990 455 7 730 188 11 881 643 42 008 942 10 847 115 5 544 159 11 430 602 9 295 297 4 891 769 17 659 690 4 375 099 2 776 755 5 117 073 638 800 696 004 1 578 385 2 477 574

7.0 7.0 7.6 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.7 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.7 7.0 7.2 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.6

23.2 25.2 25.1 25.4 22.5 22.5 22.8 23.5 23.7 23.3 23.5 26.1 25.8 26.3 25.8 26.5 26.4 26.4 26.7 25.9 25.7 27.5 28.5 27.2 26.7

11.2 10.1 10.6 11.2 11.8 12.0 10.5 10.5 10.9 10.1 10.3 10.6 10.5 10.9 10.6 10.8 10.5 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.1 10.6 9.8 9.9 10.3

33.4 32.5 34.9 33.4 33.6 32.0 33.3 32.1 32.6 33.1 30.8 31.8 31.4 31.3 32.3 32.1 31.6 31.2 33.0 29.7 31.0 30.4 29.4 30.8 31.3

18.8 19.0 18.1 18.2 18.5 18.5 19.8 19.9 19.7 20.2 20.0 18.9 19.3 19.0 18.7 18.7 18.2 18.3 17.7 18.9 19.2 17.3 17.6 18.0 17.9

13.4 13.3 11.3 11.8 13.6 15.0 13.6 13.9 13.1 13.4 15.4 12.6 13.0 12.6 12.6 11.9 13.3 13.9 12.5 15.3 14.0 14.3 14.7 14.1 13.8

3.2 3.3 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.3 4.1 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.6

33.7 33.9 32.8 33.0 33.5 33.9 34.4 34.3 33.8 34.4 35.0 32.9 33.3 32.8 32.8 32.6 32.9 33.1 32.4 34.0 33.5 32.4 32.5 33.0 32.9

90.2 91.6 93.4 92.8 88.9 88.7 91.0 88.8 88.5 90.3 88.3 90.6 89.1 90.4 91.0 90.9 92.5 91.5 93.2 90.3 89.0 97.0 94.0 91.5 92.9

80.2 81.2 81.5 78.8 79.3 80.2 81.5 81.8 80.4 83.9 82.4 82.8 83.2 83.1 82.5 83.0 81.8 81.7 80.9 81.4 82.3 81.5 81.9 81.9 81.9

16.4 15.8 15.6 17.4 17.2 15.9 15.4 15.4 16.5 13.9 14.7 14.7 14.3 14.0 15.0 14.7 15.4 15.2 16.4 15.0 14.9 14.7 14.4 15.1 14.8

3.4 3.0 2.9 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.6 2.8 3.8 3.7 3.0 3.3

445 37 32 21 214 38 101 1 065 545 171 348 1 055 261 161 286 211 133 542 117 99 145 24 25 47 82

031 169 151 642 307 595 167 057 265 368 424 689 451 992 956 692 598 931 621 520 397 234 841 553 765

40.3 38.0 35.7 28.5 39.4 38.3 47.9 50.1 49.0 54.1 50.0 53.8 58.3 50.4 52.2 53.3 53.4 52.4 53.8 48.1 55.6 43.6 51.5 53.9 51.8

43 566 666 4 781 606 6 187 1 793 6 628 3 486 6 478 12 937 15 176 3 685 4 877 4 040 2 573 26 702 2 350 4 219 3 145 16 986

853 168 468 900 358 477 637 703 216 926 284 296 185 587 216 793 725 973 585 510

7.0 7.3 7.5 6.2 7.2 5.9 6.9 7.4 7.6 6.6 7.0 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.6 7.9 7.0 7.9 7.2 8.2

24.1 24.5 24.3 19.3 24.3 24.7 24.2 26.4 26.7 22.2 26.2 25.9 24.9 26.2 29.0 28.2 26.4 29.1 26.6 28.5

10.8 11.4 10.6 13.6 11.6 10.0 11.8 11.7 11.4 9.4 11.0 10.9 10.8 11.0 11.4 10.9 10.1 11.0 10.2 11.1

32.5 32.7 35.1 35.7 34.5 29.7 32.5 32.0 33.8 30.4 30.9 31.5 31.8 30.5 29.1 32.1 29.2 31.0 30.6 33.1

19.2 19.2 19.2 18.6 18.8 20.5 19.4 18.6 18.0 19.8 19.2 19.1 19.7 19.4 18.0 17.7 19.4 17.8 19.1 17.2

13.4 12.1 10.8 12.8 10.7 15.0 12.1 11.4 10.1 18.3 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.9 12.5 11.1 14.9 11.1 13.5 10.1

2.8 2.5 2.2 2.9 2.2 3.3 2.5 2.2 2.1 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.5 3.5 2.4 3.3 2.3

33.6 32.8 33.0 33.4 32.6 35.4 33.1 32.0 31.5 36.3 32.9 33.0 33.5 33.0 31.1 31.2 33.8 31.0 33.1 30.7

91.0 90.9 91.1 84.0 93.6 88.4 91.1 90.5 90.8 90.8 88.7 90.2 89.1 87.8 86.9 92.4 88.9 88.6 91.2 94.1

81.7 81.6 81.9 63.3 81.3 85.0 82.7 84.2 83.5 80.2 85.0 84.9 84.3 85.4 85.7 84.1 84.9 84.7 83.1 84.0

15.4 15.3 15.7 29.8 15.3 13.0 13.9 12.4 13.8 17.4 12.5 12.4 13.1 12.3 11.6 13.5 12.6 12.6 13.9 13.7

2.9 3.0 2.4 6.9 3.4 2.1 3.4 3.3 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.3

1 243 20 113 41 209 36 224 116 173 307 392 101 129 92 69 658 58 112 93 393

962 071 856 717 300 911 470 543 633 461 424 176 129 402 717 034 332 578 677 447

46.4 43.2 55.1 33.7 40.3 52.7 37.2 37.9 50.3 56.5 49.5 47.1 50.6 55.8 42.6 56.8 58.7 59.8 54.7 56.2

13 658 799 1 006 453 3 294 1 515 3 665 1 722 1 201

776 065 749 588 394 069 228 850 833

8.1 7.4 8.0 7.7 7.7 8.3 8.0 9.8 7.7

28.4 27.8 30.6 29.9 26.1 29.5 26.8 36.4 24.7

10.3 8.8 9.8 9.1 10.2 10.0 10.7 11.6 9.9

32.5 31.3 30.0 32.7 35.8 32.0 31.7 29.0 34.5

17.6 18.9 17.6 17.9 17.9 17.8 17.7 14.3 20.3

11.2 13.3 12.0 10.4 10.0 10.8 13.1 8.7 10.6

2.3 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.6 1.9 1.6

31.6 33.8 31.5 32.1 32.5 31.2 32.2 26.3 33.3

96.0 95.3 96.3 98.0 95.7 93.9 95.1 95.0 103.1

82.0 81.6 84.5 83.5 79.7 84.2 81.0 87.5 78.2

15.8 15.4 13.3 14.2 17.9 13.9 16.8 10.8 19.8

2.2 3.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 1.9 2.2 1.7 2.0

297 23 21 10 79 28 80 29 24

687 747 490 240 472 807 683 048 200

48.7 46.8 48.8 53.1 45.3 48.7 51.4 43.9 56.0

39 4 2 29

306 692 321 021 043 229

7.9 7.5 7.1 8.1 10.0 7.5

26.0 25.9 25.5 26.0 31.3 25.3

11.1 10.0 9.4 11.5 10.2 10.9

34.5 34.1 32.6 34.7 39.3 34.2

17.5 18.1 18.8 17.3 15.2 18.3

10.9 11.8 13.8 10.5 4.1 11.3

2.3 2.6 3.1 2.3 .6 2.1

31.8 33.1 34.6 31.4 29.4 32.6

98.1 96.1 93.9 98.5 113.6 102.7

79.8 79.6 79.8 79.7 80.4 82.6

17.7 17.9 17.9 17.8 15.8 14.0

2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 3.8 3.4

996 120 66 751 20 37

929 531 205 860 701 632

47.9 45.9 50.4 50.1 22.1 20.7

REGION AND DIVISION

   Midwest  East North Central  West North Central  South  South Atlantic  East South Central  West South Central  West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic

445 566 176 702 786 658 127

STATE

                         South Atlantic  Delaware  Maryland  District of Columbia  Virginia  West Virginia  North Carolina  South Carolina  Georgia  Florida  East South Central Kentucky  Tennessee  Alabama  Mississippi  West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma  Texas  Mountain Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas

127 866 842 760 550 1 108

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

414

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

321

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 252.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of Households and Families: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Percent of all households Family households Married-couple family

United States Region and Division State

United States



Persons per Nonfamily households

Female householder, no husband present

Householder living alone

65 years and over

All households

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

Total

Female

Total

91 947 410

70.2

33.6

55.1

25.6

11.6

6.6

29.8

24.6

14.5

18 4 13 22 15 6 31 16 5 9

713 714 999 975 590 385 254 063 671 520

69.3 68.9 69.4 70.2 70.6 69.3 71.4 70.5 73.3 71.8

31.4 31.8 31.3 34.1 34.2 34.0 34.0 32.0 35.2 36.8

53.5 54.5 53.1 56.3 55.8 57.7 55.9 55.1 57.2 56.5

23.9 24.6 23.6 26.3 26.0 27.1 25.7 24.0 26.6 28.1

12.3 11.2 12.7 10.9 11.7 9.0 12.3 12.1 13.1 12.0

6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.8 5.6 6.9 6.6 7.3 7.2

30.7 31.1 30.6 29.8 29.4 30.7 28.6 29.5 26.7 28.2

25.6 24.8 25.9 25.0 24.7 25.8 24.0 24.1 23.6 24.1

18 935 468 5 033 336 13 902 132

68.9 69.5 68.7

34.4 35.4 34.0

54.2 56.2 53.4

26.1 27.2 25.6

10.7 9.9 11.0

6.4 6.3 6.4

31.1 30.5 31.3

4 942 465 411 210 2 247 377 1 230 13 929 6 639 2 794 4 495 15 596 4 087 2 065 4 202 3 419 1 822 6 720 1 647 1 064 1 961 240 259 602 944 16 503 247 1 748 249 2 291 688 2 517 1 258 2 366 5 134 5 651 1 379 1 853 1 506 911

714 312 186 650 110 977 479 999 322 711 966 590 546 355 240 331 118 385 853 325 206 878 034 363 726 063 497 991 634 830 557 026 044 615 869 671 782 725 790 374

68.9 70.6 71.2 68.8 67.4 68.5 70.3 69.4 67.6 72.3 70.2 70.6 70.8 71.7 69.6 71.3 70.0 69.3 68.6 69.6 69.8 69.0 69.6 69.0 69.7 70.5 71.1 71.2 48.9 71.1 72.7 72.0 73.8 72.4 68.4 73.3 73.6 72.7 73.3 74.0

31.8 34.6 35.5 35.1 30.7 30.9 31.3 31.3 31.1 32.3 30.9 34.2 33.8 35.0 33.4 34.9 34.3 34.0 34.7 33.2 33.2 35.4 35.4 34.4 34.3 32.0 33.0 33.5 19.8 34.0 34.0 33.2 35.5 36.1 27.6 35.2 36.1 33.9 34.7 37.4

54.5 58.1 59.7 56.4 52.1 53.5 55.6 53.1 49.9 56.5 55.7 55.8 56.1 58.2 54.1 55.1 57.5 57.7 57.2 59.2 56.3 59.1 58.9 58.2 58.5 55.1 55.8 54.2 25.3 56.8 59.0 56.6 56.4 55.2 54.4 57.2 59.2 57.2 57.0 54.7

24.6 27.1 29.0 27.4 23.3 23.6 24.3 23.6 22.5 25.3 24.1 26.0 25.8 27.3 25.4 25.6 27.1 27.1 27.9 26.9 25.6 29.4 28.6 27.9 27.5 24.0 25.0 25.0 9.0 26.7 27.1 25.2 26.5 26.8 20.3 26.6 28.3 25.7 26.3 26.5

11.2 9.5 8.5 9.2 12.1 11.7 11.4 12.7 13.8 12.1 11.3 11.7 11.7 10.5 12.0 12.9 9.6 9.0 8.6 8.0 10.6 7.3 8.0 8.3 8.6 12.1 11.8 13.3 19.5 11.1 10.7 12.3 14.0 13.9 10.7 13.1 11.6 12.6 13.4 15.9

6.1 5.9 5.0 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.3 7.2 5.7 5.5 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.6 7.8 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.1 6.3 4.8 5.4 5.3 5.5 6.6 6.5 7.0 9.5 6.0 5.5 6.7 7.6 8.0 5.8 7.3 6.5 6.9 7.2 9.3

9 667 891 1 499 1 206 6 070 5 033 306 360 168 1 282 542 1 368 537 466 13 902 1 872 1 103 10 381 188 356

520 179 269 135 937 336 163 723 839 489 709 843 273 297 132 431 313 206 915 267

71.8 73.1 72.7 70.9 71.6 69.5 69.1 73.0 71.0 66.6 72.1 68.7 76.5 65.9 68.7 67.6 68.1 68.8 70.3 73.9

36.8 34.3 37.7 34.5 37.3 35.4 34.8 37.9 38.4 33.9 38.1 32.6 45.2 30.8 34.0 33.3 32.0 34.1 43.2 35.2

56.5 59.2 53.6 57.7 56.6 56.2 57.7 62.2 59.7 53.8 56.0 54.6 64.8 51.4 53.4 55.0 55.6 52.7 56.2 59.1

28.1 26.5 26.9 26.6 28.9 27.2 27.3 30.9 30.7 25.9 28.2 24.2 37.6 22.6 25.6 25.4 24.4 25.6 33.3 28.4

12.0 11.1 15.6 10.4 11.6 9.9 8.6 8.0 8.3 9.7 11.9 10.4 9.1 10.2 11.0 9.4 9.2 11.5 9.6 10.5

7.2 6.5 9.2 6.4 6.9 6.3 5.9 5.5 5.9 6.4 7.4 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.4 6.2 5.9 6.5 7.1 5.1

Female

Householder 65 years and over

Household

Family

9.6

7.5

21.7

2.63

3.16

15.7 15.2 15.9 15.1 14.8 15.7 14.3 14.4 14.5 13.8

10.7 10.4 10.8 10.4 10.0 11.2 9.4 9.4 10.1 8.7

8.3 8.2 8.4 8.2 7.9 8.9 7.4 7.4 8.1 6.9

23.4 22.5 23.8 22.4 21.9 23.6 21.7 22.5 22.7 19.9

2.61 2.58 2.62 2.60 2.63 2.55 2.61 2.56 2.62 2.69

3.16 3.11 3.18 3.14 3.16 3.09 3.12 3.06 3.11 3.23

23.9 24.4 23.7

13.2 13.3 13.2

8.1 8.1 8.0

6.2 6.2 6.2

19.1 19.4 19.0

2.72 2.65 2.74

3.25 3.20 3.27

31.1 29.4 28.8 31.2 32.6 31.5 29.7 30.6 32.4 27.7 29.8 29.4 29.2 28.3 30.4 28.7 30.0 30.7 31.4 30.4 30.2 31.0 30.4 31.0 30.3 29.5 28.9 28.8 51.1 28.9 27.3 28.0 26.2 27.6 31.6 26.7 26.4 27.3 26.7 26.0

24.8 23.3 22.0 23.4 25.8 26.2 24.2 25.9 27.2 23.1 25.6 24.7 25.0 24.1 25.7 23.7 24.3 25.8 25.1 25.9 26.0 26.5 26.4 26.5 25.9 24.1 23.2 22.6 41.5 22.9 24.5 23.7 22.4 22.7 25.5 23.6 23.3 23.9 23.8 23.4

15.2 14.3 12.7 13.9 16.1 16.3 14.6 15.9 16.5 14.1 16.0 14.8 15.2 14.7 15.3 13.9 14.6 15.7 15.0 16.2 16.1 15.2 15.7 15.9 15.6 14.4 13.7 13.4 24.1 13.4 15.8 14.3 13.2 13.4 15.4 14.5 14.5 14.6 14.6 14.2

10.4 10.4 8.4 9.3 10.8 11.8 9.9 10.8 10.5 9.8 11.7 10.0 10.2 10.1 10.1 9.3 10.5 11.2 10.1 12.3 11.3 11.6 12.2 11.6 11.0 9.4 8.7 7.7 10.9 7.8 12.3 9.0 8.7 7.8 11.5 10.1 10.3 9.6 10.2 10.8

8.2 8.2 6.6 7.3 8.6 9.3 7.7 8.4 8.2 7.6 9.2 7.9 8.1 8.1 7.9 7.3 8.3 8.9 8.0 10.0 9.0 8.9 9.5 9.2 8.9 7.4 6.7 6.1 8.2 6.2 9.7 7.2 6.9 6.3 8.9 8.1 8.2 7.7 8.2 8.5

22.5 22.3 18.8 20.1 23.0 25.0 22.4 23.8 22.6 22.9 26.1 21.9 22.3 21.9 21.9 21.0 22.8 23.6 21.3 25.8 23.9 24.5 25.7 24.0 23.4 22.5 20.6 18.5 21.0 18.4 26.6 20.8 20.6 17.8 28.8 22.7 22.6 21.8 23.1 23.8

2.58 2.56 2.62 2.57 2.58 2.55 2.59 2.62 2.63 2.70 2.57 2.63 2.59 2.61 2.65 2.66 2.61 2.55 2.58 2.52 2.54 2.55 2.59 2.54 2.53 2.56 2.61 2.67 2.26 2.61 2.55 2.54 2.68 2.66 2.46 2.62 2.60 2.56 2.62 2.75

3.11 3.03 3.09 3.06 3.15 3.11 3.10 3.18 3.22 3.21 3.10 3.16 3.12 3.11 3.23 3.16 3.14 3.09 3.13 3.05 3.08 3.13 3.16 3.11 3.08 3.06 3.09 3.14 3.15 3.09 3.05 3.03 3.16 3.16 2.95 3.11 3.08 3.05 3.13 3.27

28.2 26.9 27.3 29.1 28.4 30.5 30.9 27.0 29.0 33.4 27.9 31.3 23.5 34.1 31.3 32.4 31.9 31.2 29.7 26.1

24.1 24.0 23.7 25.6 23.9 24.4 26.3 22.4 24.5 26.6 23.0 24.7 18.9 25.7 23.7 25.4 25.3 23.4 22.1 19.4

13.8 15.0 13.7 15.6 13.3 13.3 14.5 12.6 12.8 14.5 12.6 13.8 10.9 11.9 13.2 14.1 14.7 13.1 8.6 9.7

8.7 11.6 9.2 10.9 7.8 8.1 10.5 9.1 8.5 7.5 7.9 8.7 7.1 7.1 8.0 8.7 9.8 7.9 3.0 5.9

6.9 9.2 7.1 8.7 6.1 6.2 7.8 7.1 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.7 5.7 4.7 6.2 6.7 7.7 6.0 1.9 4.0

19.9 25.9 20.7 23.2 18.2 19.4 22.7 21.8 18.5 16.6 19.6 22.1 18.0 17.3 19.0 19.7 22.8 18.7 7.5 20.2

2.69 2.57 2.74 2.53 2.73 2.65 2.53 2.73 2.63 2.51 2.74 2.62 3.15 2.53 2.74 2.53 2.52 2.79 2.80 3.01

3.23 3.06 3.28 3.06 3.28 3.20 3.08 3.23 3.16 3.07 3.26 3.16 3.67 3.06 3.27 3.06 3.02 3.32 3.33 3.48

REGION AND DIVISION

          West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic Midwest East North Central West North Central South South Atlantic East South Central West South Central

872 942 929 316 596 720 822 503 651 667

STATE

                                        West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma  Texas  Mountain Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi

322

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

415

Section Five: Census Data

Table 253.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Region and Division State

Northeast Region

Midwest Region

South Region

Total

New England Division

Middle Atlantic Division

Total

East North Central Division

West North Central Division

Total

South Atlantic Division

873 070 060 234 285 152 797 662 638 472 770 562 447 849 547 411 082 014 275 209 838 177 252 243 247 371 970 111 024 014 964 345 701 606 944 960 439 036 716 847

50 809 229 42 068 904 5 613 222 125 148 121 551 1 665 1 932 1 335 375 1 324 865 445 089 142 958 74 202 285 103 182 061 60 509 30 176 1 731 15 928 11 801 75 307 6 854 1 100 3 724 2 320 78 27 876 2 761 30 594 10 510 4 135 1 503 3 603 1 269 90 36 23 57 138 925 1 666 580

13 206 943 12 032 983 627 547 32 794 31 986 446 362 231 656 228 939 72 299 15 393 15 055 36 282 21 086 21 737 20 560 1 183 10 149 2 520 12 675 437 133 843 660 25 2 558 594 7 425 2 717 1 142 389 849 337 21 8 11 14 62 221 281 963

37 602 286 30 035 921 4 985 675 92 354 89 565 1 219 1 570 1 103 719 1 095 926 372 790 127 565 59 147 248 821 160 975 38 772 9 616 548 5 779 9 281 62 632 6 417 967 2 881 1 660 53 25 318 2 167 23 169 7 793 2 993 1 114 2 754 932 69 28 12 43 76 704 1 384 617

59 668 632 52 017 957 5 715 940 337 899 333 998 1 975 1 926 768 069 755 403 133 336 113 354 63 210 146 211 109 087 51 932 12 921 37 166 27 775 12 981 47 430 1 142 622 3 056 3 007 150 15 351 1 639 22 463 12 666 5 534 2 243 3 150 1 739 183 39 85 123 79 1 230 828 767

42 008 942 35 764 043 4 817 436 149 939 147 399 1 248 1 292 572 673 565 235 103 253 96 722 50 477 122 902 80 152 26 351 7 046 19 373 14 049 9 135 35 775 895 502 2 135 1 994 114 13 501 1 047 15 587 7 438 3 471 995 2 167 805 58 21 42 54 40 590 704 851

17 659 690 16 253 914 898 504 187 960 186 599 727 634 195 396 190 168 30 083 16 632 12 733 23 309 28 935 25 581 5 875 17 793 13 726 3 846 11 655 247 120 921 1 013 36 1 850 592 6 876 5 228 2 063 1 248 983 934 125 18 43 69 39 640 123 916

85 445 930 65 582 199 15 828 888 562 731 557 214 2 778 2 739 1 122 248 1 094 179 204 430 159 378 67 193 195 525 153 163 168 501 19 279 1 621 29 262 23 747 72 080 2 405 1 160 4 716 3 614 267 21 541 2 365 36 012 28 069 12 240 4 055 8 296 3 478 813 101 183 197 168 2 016 2 349 864

43 566 853 33 390 885 8 923 558 172 281 169 554 1 350 1 377 631 133 616 267 114 013 108 098 38 849 113 719 100 827 61 944 11 125 1 119 12 132 14 283 40 158 1 338 921 2 563 1 252 149 12 071 1 569 20 295 14 866 6 562 2 243 4 504 1 557 169 75 113 102 99 999 448 996

37 602 286 3 186 149 146 223 1 555 722 167 208 1 316 996 34 416 137

59 668 632 1 726 509 1 153 296 257 594 36 577 279 042 57 942 123

42 008 942 1 437 720 944 166 243 587 30 452 219 515 40 571 222

17 659 288 209 14 6 59 17 370

85 445 930 6 767 021 4 343 523 405 941 735 458 1 282 099 78 678 909

43 566 853 2 132 751 314 731 338 080 702 110 777 830 41 434 102

37 30 1 28 4

286 921 708 213 675 245 430 354 819 535 719 479 240 617 898 719

59 668 632 52 017 957 842 687 51 175 270 5 715 940 51 585 5 664 355 337 899 17 001 320 898 768 069 21 458 746 611 828 767 793 778 34 989

42 008 942 35 764 043 689 343 35 074 700 4 817 436 43 240 4 774 196 149 939 10 250 139 689 572 673 16 502 556 171 704 851 678 385 26 466

17 659 690 16 253 914 153 344 16 100 570 898 504 8 345 890 159 187 960 6 751 181 209 195 396 4 956 190 440 123 916 115 393 8 523

85 65 4 61 15

43 33 1 31 8

United States

RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

248 199 29 1 1 7 6 1 1

709 686 986 959 878 57 23 273 908 645 406 847 815 798 614 147 90 149 91 302 11 6 29 12 2 81 10 148 365 211 62 49 41 17

1 7 13 9 804

HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

248 22 13 2 1 5 226

709 354 495 727 043 086 355

873 059 938 754 932 435 814

50 809 229 3 754 389 174 996 1 871 981 183 636 1 523 776 47 054 840

13 206 568 28 316 16 206 12 638

943 240 773 259 428 780 703

690 789 130 007 125 527 901

248 199 11 188 29

709 686 557 128 986 769 216 959 165 793 273 305 968 804 555 249

873 070 774 296 060 767 293 234 461 773 662 303 359 847 754 093

50 42 1 40 5

229 904 081 823 222 651 571 148 898 250 375 238 137 580 521 059

13 206 943 12 032 983 267 373 11 765 610 627 547 44 406 583 141 32 794 3 079 29 715 231 656 5 759 225 897 281 963 247 623 34 340

100.0 80.3 12.1 .8 .8 2.9 2.8 .1 3.9

100.0 82.8 11.0 .2 .2 2.6 2.6 – 3.3

100.0 91.1 4.8 .2 .2 1.8 1.7 – 2.1

100.0 79.9 13.3 .2 .2 2.9 2.9 – 3.7

100.0 87.2 9.6 .6 .6 1.3 1.3 – 1.4

100.0 85.1 11.5 .4 .4 1.4 1.3 – 1.7

100.0 92.0 5.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 – .7

100.0 76.8 18.5 .7 .7 1.3 1.3 – 2.8

100.0 76.6 20.5 .4 .4 1.4 1.4 – 1.0

100.0 9.0 5.4 1.1 .4 2.0 91.0

100.0 7.4 .3 3.7 .4 3.0 92.6

100.0 4.3 .2 2.4 .1 1.6 95.7

100.0 8.5 .4 4.1 .4 3.5 91.5

100.0 2.9 1.9 .4 .1 .5 97.1

100.0 3.4 2.2 .6 .1 .5 96.6

100.0 1.6 1.2 .1 – .3 98.4

100.0 7.9 5.1 .5 .9 1.5 92.1

100.0 4.9 .7 .8 1.6 1.8 95.1

100.0 80.3 75.6

100.0 82.8 79.4

100.0 91.1 89.1

100.0 79.9 76.1

100.0 87.2 85.8

100.0 85.1 83.5

100.0 92.0 91.2

100.0 76.8 71.8

100.0 76.6 73.0

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

29 1 1 7 6 9 9

5

1 1 1 1

809 068 702 366 613 403 209 125 18 106 335 44 291 666 585 81

4

1 1 1 1

602 035 434 601 985 359 626 92 15 76 103 38 065 384 337 46

15

1 1 2 2

445 582 222 359 828 174 654 562 29 533 122 43 078 349 297 52

930 199 997 202 888 422 466 731 117 614 248 289 959 864 196 668

566 390 570 820 923 107 8 816 172 7 164 631 21 609 448 426 22

853 885 073 812 558 035 523 281 773 508 133 710 423 996 160 836

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

416

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

323

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 253.

Section Five: Census Data

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Region and Division State

South Region

Con.

West Region

New England Division

East South Central Division

West South Central Division

Total

Mountain Division

Pacific Division

Maine

New Hampshire

15 176 284 12 049 158 2 976 704 40 839 40 220 333 286 84 464 81 694 14 836 8 606 8 681 15 053 12 057 9 657 1 624 95 3 890 1 754 5 441 232 38 463 501 26 872 113 3 196 2 770 1 350 469 746 205 5 4 18 18 8 152 25 119

26 702 793 20 142 156 3 928 626 349 611 347 440 1 095 1 076 406 651 396 218 75 581 42 674 19 663 66 753 40 279 96 900 6 530 407 13 240 7 710 26 481 835 201 1 690 1 861 92 8 598 683 12 521 10 433 4 328 1 343 3 046 1 716 639 22 52 77 61 865 1 875 749

52 786 082 40 017 010 2 828 010 933 456 865 522 50 734 17 200 4 047 970 3 734 191 862 617 991 080 642 957 188 608 354 538 333 605 85 035 49 564 76 049 42 746 107 392 1 437 3 295 17 756 3 302 1 752 16 603 4 205 59 042 313 779 189 105 55 163 34 296 35 215 16 520 768 669 1 062 6 651 9 545 4 959 636

13 658 776 11 761 851 373 584 480 516 478 391 1 290 835 217 120 198 200 40 007 31 527 34 254 15 435 27 615 19 548 3 479 1 486 6 635 5 831 12 383 198 133 1 114 530 83 1 651 420 8 254 18 920 7 144 2 995 2 429 6 352 4 738 101 81 94 112 1 226 825 705

39 127 306 28 255 159 2 454 426 452 940 387 131 49 444 16 365 3 830 850 3 535 991 822 610 959 553 608 703 173 173 326 923 314 057 81 556 48 078 69 414 36 915 95 009 1 239 3 162 16 642 2 772 1 669 14 952 3 785 50 788 294 859 181 961 52 168 31 867 28 863 11 782 667 588 968 6 539 8 319 4 133 931

1 227 928 1 208 360 5 138 5 998 5 945 34 19 6 683 6 450 1 262 1 058 590 607 858 642 767 – 101 113 452 2 6 19 15 9 25 23 353 233 115 39 58 21 2 2 1 – 2 14 1 749

1 109 252 1 087 433 7 198 2 134 2 075 45 14 9 343 9 121 2 314 874 747 1 697 1 501 553 276 2 380 233 544 23 5 45 34 2 109 16 310 222 116 23 67 16 1 – 3 1 – 11 3 144

562 555 1 1 1

6 016 425 5 405 374 300 130 12 241 11 857 210 174 143 392 142 137 53 792 6 212 8 784 19 719 11 744 15 449 14 050 248 3 985 1 424 6 730 256 93 498 220 12 1 282 333 4 036 1 255 505 204 364 182 15 5 3 3 25 131 155 288

15 176 95 38 12 5 38 15 080

26 702 793 4 538 985 3 989 994 55 030 28 301 465 660 22 163 808

52 786 082 10 106 140 7 824 123 192 238 88 261 2 001 518 42 679 942

13 658 776 1 991 732 1 439 943 25 996 11 835 513 958 11 667 044

39 127 306 8 114 408 6 384 180 166 242 76 426 1 487 560 31 012 898

1 227 6 2 1

928 829 153 250 350 3 076 1 221 099

1 109 11 2 3

252 333 362 299 578 5 094 1 097 919

562 758 3 661 725 659 168 2 109 559 097

6 016 287 12 151 8 115 5 728

26 20 2 17 3

52 40 4 35 2

13 11 1 10

39 28 3 24 2

306 159 313 846 426 283 143 940 134 806 850 273 577 931 405 526

1 227 928 1 208 360 5 003 1 203 357 5 138 201 4 937 5 998 100 5 898 6 683 178 6 505 1 749 1 347 402

1 109 252 1 087 433 7 949 1 079 484 7 198 449 6 749 2 134 92 2 042 9 343 146 9 197 3 144 2 697 447

562 555 2 552 1

758 088 904 184 951 83 868 696 45 651 215 56 159 808 573 235

6 016 425 5 405 374 125 082 5 280 292 300 130 25 666 274 464 12 241 1 696 10 545 143 392 3 054 140 338 155 288 132 051 23 237

Vermont

Massachusetts

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

758 088 951 696 650 32 14 3 215 3 134 679 253 373 529 563 236 58 3 115 80 245 8 2 27 23 – 19 8 158 81 25 18 24 14 – – 3 4 3 4 808

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

284 285 798 831 047 609 999

425 549 703 193 106 547 876

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

15 176 284 12 049 158 59 140 11 990 018 2 976 704 10 815 2 965 889 40 839 1 099 39 740 84 464 2 565 81 899 25 119 21 666 3 453

702 142 593 548 928 56 3 872 349 20 329 406 19 387 1 875 1 849 26

793 156 784 372 626 572 054 611 245 366 651 014 637 749 370 379

2

4 3 4 4

786 017 790 227 828 140 687 933 100 833 047 196 851 959 879 80

082 010 009 001 010 109 901 456 445 011 970 318 652 636 259 377

658 761 119 642 373 16 356 480 32 448 217 12 205 825 810 14

776 851 696 155 584 826 758 516 311 205 120 045 075 705 854 851

2

3 3 4 4

127 255 670 584 454 123 331 452 68 384 830 184 646 133 068 65

1 1 1 3 3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 79.4 19.6 .3 .3 .6 .5 – .2

100.0 75.4 14.7 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 – 7.0

100.0 75.8 5.4 1.8 1.6 7.7 7.1 .6 9.4

100.0 86.1 2.7 3.5 3.5 1.6 1.5 .1 6.0

100.0 72.2 6.3 1.2 1.0 9.8 9.0 .8 10.6

100.0 98.4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 – .1

100.0 98.0 .6 .2 .2 .8 .8 – .3

100.0 98.6 .3 .3 .3 .6 .6 – .1

100.0 89.8 5.0 .2 .2 2.4 2.4 – 2.6

100.0 .6 .3 .1 – .3 99.4

100.0 17.0 14.9 .2 .1 1.7 83.0

100.0 19.1 14.8 .4 .2 3.8 80.9

100.0 14.6 10.5 .2 .1 3.8 85.4

100.0 20.7 16.3 .4 .2 3.8 79.3

100.0 .6 .2 .1 – .3 99.4

100.0 1.0 .2 .3 .1 .5 99.0

100.0 .7 .1 .1 – .4 99.3

100.0 4.8 .2 2.5 .1 1.9 95.2

100.0 79.4 79.0

100.0 75.4 65.7

100.0 75.8 66.7

100.0 86.1 77.9

100.0 72.2 62.8

100.0 98.4 98.0

100.0 98.0 97.3

100.0 98.6 98.1

100.0 89.8 87.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

324

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

417

Section Five: Census Data

Table 253.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Region and Division State

New England Division

Rhode Island

Con.

Middle Atlantic Division

East North Central Division

Connecticut

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Ohio

Indiana

Illinois

Michigan

Wisconsin

3 287 116 2 859 353 274 269 6 654 6 472 83 99 50 698 50 078 11 082 5 160 3 811 11 755 5 126 4 085 1 754 46 2 989 529 3 741 134 19 217 342 2 1 012 173 1 842 620 269 85 202 64 3 1 – 5 7 48 96 142

17 990 455 13 385 255 2 859 055 62 651 60 855 754 1 042 693 760 689 303 284 144 62 259 35 281 140 985 95 648 15 555 3 646 165 3 253 6 230 42 137 5 406 669 2 023 1 202 26 17 778 1 271 13 762 4 457 1 496 586 1 803 572 30 9 4 22 58 449 989 734

7 730 188 6 130 465 1 036 825 14 970 14 500 201 269 272 521 270 839 59 084 53 146 17 253 79 440 38 540 7 330 475 25 478 1 758 13 310 791 129 423 178 6 5 797 533 5 453 1 682 638 217 644 183 9 12 2 13 14 133 275 407

11 881 643 10 520 201 1 089 795 14 733 14 210 264 259 137 438 135 784 29 562 12 160 6 613 28 396 26 787 15 887 5 495 358 2 048 1 293 7 185 220 169 435 280 21 1 743 363 3 954 1 654 859 311 307 177 30 7 6 8 4 122 119 476

10 847 115 9 521 756 1 154 826 20 358 19 859 230 269 91 179 89 723 19 447 10 268 10 485 20 848 11 237 4 964 2 213 253 2 578 1 515 5 915 162 82 521 434 23 1 382 289 3 022 1 456 785 180 333 158 14 5 9 13 6 111 58 996

5 544 159 5 020 700 432 092 12 720 12 453 170 97 37 617 36 660 7 371 4 754 4 715 7 095 5 475 2 467 412 57 674 654 2 986 84 32 235 364 12 624 169 1 466 957 528 151 217 61 15 1 7 2 1 35 41 030

11 430 602 8 952 978 1 694 273 21 836 20 970 414 452 285 311 282 569 49 936 64 224 21 831 64 200 41 506 10 309 3 026 433 4 985 5 180 16 939 263 299 506 571 48 9 035 311 5 906 2 742 1 000 367 1 105 270 15 7 8 21 16 203 476 204

9 295 297 7 756 086 1 291 706 55 638 55 131 253 254 104 983 103 501 19 145 13 786 10 681 23 845 16 316 6 117 874 2 257 2 190 1 284 7 006 342 72 525 382 23 1 976 179 3 507 1 482 787 191 283 221 12 6 16 16 15 156 86 884

4 891 769 4 512 523 244 539 39 387 38 986 181 220 53 583 52 782 7 354 3 690 2 765 6 914 5 618 2 494 521 16 373 3 622 502 2 929 44 17 348 243 8 484 99 1 686 801 371 106 229 95 2 2 2 2 2 85 41 737

3 287 213 8 146 6 51 3 074

116 116 393 842 386 495 000

17 990 455 2 214 026 93 244 1 086 601 74 345 959 836 15 776 429

7 730 739 28 320 85 305 6 990

11 881 232 24 148 7 51 11 649

10 847 139 57 45 3 32 10 707

5 544 98 66 14 1 16 5 445

11 430 904 623 146 18 116 10 526

9 295 201 138 18 5 39 9 093

4 891 93 57 19 1 14 4 798

464 375 266 109 861 578 283 071 442 629 325 741 584 832 725 107

3 287 116 2 859 353 105 169 2 754 184 274 269 13 429 260 840 6 654 704 5 950 50 698 1 584 49 114 96 142 92 230 3 912

17 990 455 13 385 255 925 066 12 460 189 2 859 055 289 929 2 569 126 62 651 12 111 50 540 693 760 26 917 666 843 989 734 960 003 29 731

7 730 188 6 130 465 411 499 5 718 966 1 036 825 51 980 984 845 14 970 2 480 12 490 272 521 8 180 264 341 275 407 265 722 9 685

11 881 643 10 520 201 98 143 10 422 058 1 089 795 17 336 1 072 459 14 733 1 228 13 505 137 438 3 382 134 056 119 476 112 173 7 303

10 847 115 9 521 756 77 134 9 444 622 1 154 826 7 386 1 147 440 20 358 1 221 19 137 91 179 1 984 89 195 58 996 51 971 7 025

5 544 159 5 020 700 55 458 4 965 242 432 092 3 480 428 612 12 720 721 11 999 37 617 999 36 618 41 030 38 130 2 900

11 430 602 8 952 978 402 770 8 550 208 1 694 273 20 570 1 673 703 21 836 3 623 18 213 285 311 9 743 275 568 476 204 467 740 8 464

9 295 297 7 756 086 106 135 7 649 951 1 291 706 8 962 1 282 744 55 638 3 067 52 571 104 983 2 477 102 506 86 884 80 955 5 929

4 891 769 4 512 523 47 846 4 464 677 244 539 2 842 241 697 39 387 1 618 37 769 53 583 1 299 52 284 41 737 39 589 2 148

100.0 91.4 3.9 .4 .4 1.8 1.8 – 2.5

100.0 87.0 8.3 .2 .2 1.5 1.5 – 2.9

100.0 74.4 15.9 .3 .3 3.9 3.8 – 5.5

100.0 79.3 13.4 .2 .2 3.5 3.5 – 3.6

100.0 88.5 9.2 .1 .1 1.2 1.1 – 1.0

100.0 87.8 10.6 .2 .2 .8 .8 – .5

100.0 90.6 7.8 .2 .2 .7 .7 – .7

100.0 78.3 14.8 .2 .2 2.5 2.5 – 4.2

100.0 83.4 13.9 .6 .6 1.1 1.1 – .9

100.0 92.2 5.0 .8 .8 1.1 1.1 – .9

100.0 4.6 .2 1.3 .1 2.9 95.4

100.0 6.5 .3 4.5 .2 1.6 93.5

100.0 12.3 .5 6.0 .4 5.3 87.7

100.0 9.6 .4 4.1 1.1 4.0 90.4

100.0 2.0 .2 1.3 .1 .4 98.0

100.0 1.3 .5 .4 – .3 98.7

100.0 1.8 1.2 .3 – .3 98.2

100.0 7.9 5.5 1.3 .2 1.0 92.1

100.0 2.2 1.5 .2 .1 .4 97.8

100.0 1.9 1.2 .4 – .3 98.1

100.0 91.4 89.3

100.0 87.0 83.8

100.0 74.4 69.3

100.0 79.3 74.0

100.0 88.5 87.7

100.0 87.8 87.1

100.0 90.6 89.6

100.0 78.3 74.8

100.0 83.4 82.3

100.0 92.2 91.3

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

1 003 917 38 4 3 18 18 3 1 1 1 3 2

24

464 375 861 071 987 42 42 325 019 170 836 750 975 294 772 655 884 579 141 963 14 8 37 26 – 111 41 726 306 112 20 134 40 – – 1 1 25 13 832

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

1 003 45 2 13

464 752 437 016 840 29 459 957 712

188 861 759 133 378 591 327

643 262 220 988 485 569 381

115 696 815 853 559 469 419

159 788 736 021 853 178 371

602 446 688 059 204 495 156

297 596 312 538 157 589 701

769 194 615 116 679 784 575

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

1 003 917 21 896 38 4 34 4 3 18 17 24 18 6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

418

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

325

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 253.

Section Five: Census Data

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Region and Division State

West North Central Division

Minnesota

Iowa

Missouri

4 375 099 4 130 395 94 944 49 909 49 392 235 282 77 886 76 952 8 980 4 237 3 581 8 234 11 576 9 387 3 858 16 833 6 381 576 3 309 41 47 134 128 2 377 271 2 309 934 383 120 165 266 33 1 13 15 9 195 21 965

2 776 755 2 683 090 48 090 7 349 7 217 67 65 25 476 25 037 4 442 1 607 1 619 3 021 4 618 2 882 611 227 3 374 921 1 715 30 27 252 212 3 298 49 844 439 244 59 81 55 10 3 – 3 – 39 12 750

4 375 53 34 3 1 14 4 321

South Atlantic Division

North Dakota

South Dakota

Nebraska

Kansas

5 117 073 4 486 228 548 208 19 835 19 508 173 154 41 277 39 271 8 614 5 624 3 391 6 111 5 731 4 380 628 13 654 1 088 3 037 52 25 275 329 21 593 111 1 631 2 006 621 775 272 338 45 6 9 25 23 230 21 525

638 604 3 25 25

696 637 3 50 50

2 776 32 24 1

755 647 386 270 488 6 503 2 744 108

5 117 61 38 3 2 17 5 055

638 800 4 665 2 878 386 63 1 338 634 135

4 375 099 4 130 395 29 129 4 101 266 94 944 1 904 93 040 49 909 1 658 48 251 77 886 1 657 76 229 21 965 19 536 2 429

2 776 755 2 683 090 19 250 2 663 840 48 090 597 47 493 7 349 584 6 765 25 476 550 24 926 12 750 11 666 1 084

5 117 073 4 486 228 37 763 4 448 465 548 208 2 681 545 527 19 835 962 18 873 41 277 1 190 40 087 21 525 19 106 2 419

638 604 2 601 3

100.0 94.4 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.8 – .5

100.0 96.6 1.7 .3 .3 .9 .9 – .5

100.0 87.7 10.7 .4 .4 .8 .8 – .4

100.0 1.2 .8 .1 – .3 98.8

100.0 1.2 .9 – – .2 98.8

100.0 94.4 93.7

100.0 96.6 95.9

Delaware

1 578 385 1 480 558 57 404 12 410 12 344 38 28 12 422 11 945 1 775 1 377 1 574 1 218 1 943 1 806 98 78 810 343 923 19 – 64 112 3 88 29 608 477 243 54 117 63 5 – 6 11 2 39 15 591

2 477 574 2 231 986 143 076 21 965 21 767 114 84 31 750 30 708 5 330 2 548 2 037 3 956 4 016 6 577 550 613 2 315 675 2 091 91 13 173 155 5 436 103 1 115 1 042 422 218 268 134 9 6 10 6 1 102 48 797

666 535 112 2 1

696 004 5 252 3 438 377 44 1 393 690 752

1 578 36 29 1

385 969 665 159 480 5 665 1 541 416

2 477 93 75 3 1 12 2 383

574 670 798 570 403 899 904

666 15 3 8

696 637 2 634 3

004 515 727 788 258 82 176 575 927 648 123 110 013 533 406 127

1 578 385 1 480 558 20 463 1 460 095 57 404 693 56 711 12 410 691 11 719 12 422 396 12 026 15 591 14 726 865

2 477 574 2 231 986 41 462 2 190 524 143 076 2 315 140 761 21 965 1 602 20 363 31 750 936 30 814 48 797 47 355 1 442

100.0 94.6 .6 4.1 4.0 .5 .5 – .3

100.0 91.6 .5 7.3 7.3 .4 .4 – .2

100.0 93.8 3.6 .8 .8 .8 .8 – 1.0

100.0 1.2 .7 .1 – .3 98.8

100.0 .7 .5 .1 – .2 99.3

100.0 .8 .5 .1 – .2 99.2

100.0 87.7 86.9

100.0 94.6 94.2

100.0 91.6 91.2

Maryland

District of Columbia

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

800 142 524 917 870 38 9 3 462 3 317 557 708 245 482 526 281 54 2 54 114 294 6 1 8 17 2 39 20 201 145 76 9 30 30 1 1 – 8 2 18 1 755

004 515 258 575 501 62 12 3 123 2 938 385 531 286 287 525 268 76 27 138 129 286 8 7 15 60 – 19 9 168 185 74 13 50 48 22 1 5 1 2 17 1 533

4 781 468 3 393 964 1 189 899 12 972 12 601 169 202 139 719 138 148 30 868 19 376 6 617 28 330 30 320 8 862 1 768 1 767 2 578 8 661 360 404 693 187 19 2 564 584 3 850 1 571 636 154 581 200 2 3 – 28 19 148 44 914

606 179 399 1 1

14

900 667 604 466 432 14 20 214 923 144 082 029 601 814 747 55 – 51 212 188 43 71 125 112 1 169 89 578 291 101 34 108 48 1 1 – 2 7 37 949

168 820 083 257 728 3 752 650 348

4 781 125 18 17 6 82 4 656

468 102 434 528 367 773 366

606 32 2 2 1 26 574

900 710 981 204 241 284 190

666 535 7 528 112 1 111 2

168 094 002 092 460 449 011 019 81 938 057 203 854 538 085 453

4 781 468 3 393 964 67 855 3 326 109 1 189 899 12 076 1 177 823 12 972 829 12 143 139 719 3 100 136 619 44 914 41 242 3 672

606 179 13 166 399 4 395 1

900 667 536 131 604 391 213 466 214 252 214 480 734 949 089 860

100.0 90.1 5.8 .9 .9 1.3 1.2 – 2.0

100.0 80.3 16.9 .3 .3 1.4 1.3 – 1.1

100.0 71.0 24.9 .3 .3 2.9 2.9 – .9

100.0 29.6 65.8 .2 .2 1.8 1.8 – 2.5

100.0 2.3 1.9 .1 – .4 97.7

100.0 3.8 3.1 .1 .1 .5 96.2

100.0 2.4 .5 1.2 .1 .6 97.6

100.0 2.6 .4 .4 .1 1.7 97.4

100.0 5.4 .5 .4 .2 4.3 94.6

100.0 93.8 92.5

100.0 90.1 88.4

100.0 80.3 79.3

100.0 71.0 69.6

100.0 29.6 27.4

9 8 2 1 2 1

7

168 094 460 019 982 19 18 057 888 301 321 690 183 229 348 23 – 107 142 544 10 9 60 6 – 163 29 267 169 65 23 63 18 1 – – – – 17 538

11 10 3 2 1 1

1

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

099 884 691 286 539 368 215

073 702 274 959 108 361 371

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

3 25 25 3 3 1 1

800 142 550 592 524 73 451 917 327 590 462 117 345 755 598 157

3 50 49 3 3 1 1

1 9 8 7 7

1 11 10 14 14

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

326

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

419

Section Five: Census Data

Table 253.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Region and Division State

South Atlantic Division

Con.

East South Central Division

Virginia

West Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Florida

Kentucky

Tennessee

Alabama

Mississippi

6 187 358 4 791 739 1 162 994 15 282 14 893 200 189 159 053 156 036 21 238 35 067 7 931 20 494 30 164 20 693 3 889 7 2 589 3 312 10 652 477 214 622 399 28 4 263 288 4 361 3 017 1 384 440 923 270 6 9 51 15 7 182 58 290

1 793 477 1 725 523 56 295 2 458 2 385 36 37 7 459 7 283 1 170 1 606 780 1 981 777 184 27 – 38 226 494 26 2 24 18 3 125 32 264 176 91 28 41 16 5 – – – 2 9 1 742

6 628 637 5 008 491 1 456 323 80 155 79 825 152 178 52 166 49 970 8 859 5 332 5 040 9 847 7 267 5 211 1 367 708 2 048 1 183 3 108 24 50 175 112 40 539 130 2 038 2 196 963 416 636 181 12 3 11 12 6 137 31 502

3 486 703 2 406 974 1 039 884 8 246 8 049 106 91 22 382 21 399 3 039 5 521 1 885 3 900 2 577 1 752 239 76 598 565 1 247 17 4 35 39 2 198 37 915 983 426 159 317 81 15 2 7 9 – 48 9 217

6 478 216 4 600 148 1 746 565 13 348 12 926 223 199 75 781 73 764 12 657 5 848 6 372 13 926 15 275 7 801 2 140 320 3 511 1 608 4 306 135 24 206 110 13 1 250 112 2 456 2 017 847 412 594 164 5 8 19 11 26 95 42 374

12 937 926 10 749 285 1 759 534 36 335 35 461 431 443 154 302 149 856 30 737 31 945 8 505 31 457 12 404 16 346 1 617 7 2 423 4 457 9 958 246 143 623 269 43 2 800 268 5 566 4 446 2 049 577 1 241 579 122 49 25 25 32 326 238 470

3 685 296 3 391 832 262 907 5 769 5 614 82 73 17 812 16 983 2 736 2 193 2 513 2 922 2 972 1 506 231 1 260 403 1 246 46 3 196 90 5 130 26 750 829 338 194 220 77 2 2 6 6 1 60 6 976

4 877 185 4 048 068 778 035 10 039 9 859 96 84 31 839 30 944 5 653 3 032 3 440 5 911 4 508 2 062 942 79 2 772 586 1 959 91 19 120 145 8 377 45 1 154 895 503 120 209 63 1 1 8 6 2 45 9 204

4 040 587 2 975 797 1 020 705 16 506 16 312 105 89 21 797 21 088 3 929 1 816 2 028 4 348 3 454 2 274 427 8 799 526 1 479 56 8 88 172 8 255 37 855 709 343 77 247 42 2 – 3 3 5 29 5 782

2 573 216 1 633 461 915 057 8 525 8 435 50 40 13 016 12 679 2 518 1 565 700 1 872 1 123 3 815 24 7 59 239 757 39 8 59 94 5 110 5 437 337 166 78 70 23 – 1 1 3 – 18 3 157

6 187 160 33 23 6 97 6 027

358 288 044 698 268 278 070

1 793 477 8 489 2 810 897 261 4 521 1 784 988

6 628 76 32 14 3 25 6 551

3 486 30 11 6 1 11 3 456

6 478 108 49 17 7 34 6 369

12 937 926 1 574 143 161 499 247 010 674 052 491 582 11 363 783

3 685 21 8 3 1 8 3 663

4 877 32 13 4 2 12 4 844

4 040 24 9 3 1 10 4 015

2 573 15 6 1

6 187 358 4 791 739 90 089 4 701 650 1 162 994 9 861 1 153 133 15 282 935 14 347 159 053 4 870 154 183 58 290 54 533 3 757

1 793 477 1 725 523 6 627 1 718 896 56 295 309 55 986 2 458 95 2 363 7 459 207 7 252 1 742 1 251 491

6 628 637 5 008 491 37 364 4 971 127 1 456 323 7 181 1 449 142 80 155 1 225 78 930 52 166 1 573 50 593 31 502 29 383 2 119

3 486 703 2 406 974 16 918 2 390 056 1 039 884 3 937 1 035 947 8 246 242 8 004 22 382 1 078 21 304 9 217 8 376 841

6 478 216 4 600 148 56 723 4 543 425 1 746 565 9 400 1 737 165 13 348 727 12 621 75 781 2 056 73 725 42 374 40 016 2 358

12 10 1 9 1

926 285 959 326 534 431 103 335 425 910 302 143 159 470 185 285

3 685 296 3 391 832 13 810 3 378 022 262 907 1 547 261 360 5 769 251 5 518 17 812 611 17 201 6 976 5 765 1 211

4 877 185 4 048 068 20 437 4 027 631 778 035 3 110 774 925 10 039 354 9 685 31 839 901 30 938 9 204 7 939 1 265

4 040 587 2 975 797 15 630 2 960 167 1 020 705 2 992 1 017 713 16 506 285 16 221 21 797 580 21 217 5 782 5 142 640

2 573 216 1 633 461 9 263 1 624 198 915 057 3 166 911 891 8 525 209 8 316 13 016 473 12 543 3 157 2 820 337

100.0 77.4 18.8 .2 .2 2.6 2.5 – .9

100.0 96.2 3.1 .1 .1 .4 .4 – .1

100.0 75.6 22.0 1.2 1.2 .8 .8 – .5

100.0 69.0 29.8 .2 .2 .6 .6 – .3

100.0 71.0 27.0 .2 .2 1.2 1.1 – .7

100.0 83.1 13.6 .3 .3 1.2 1.2 – 1.8

100.0 92.0 7.1 .2 .2 .5 .5 – .2

100.0 83.0 16.0 .2 .2 .7 .6 – .2

100.0 73.6 25.3 .4 .4 .5 .5 – .1

100.0 63.5 35.6 .3 .3 .5 .5 – .1

100.0 2.6 .5 .4 .1 1.6 97.4

100.0 .5 .2 .1 – .3 99.5

100.0 1.2 .5 .2 .1 .4 98.8

100.0 .9 .3 .2 – .3 99.1

100.0 1.7 .8 .3 .1 .5 98.3

100.0 12.2 1.2 1.9 5.2 3.8 87.8

100.0 .6 .2 .1 – .2 99.4

100.0 .7 .3 .1 – .3 99.3

100.0 .6 .2 .1 – .3 99.4

100.0 .6 .3 .1 – .3 99.4

100.0 77.4 76.0

100.0 96.2 95.8

100.0 75.6 75.0

100.0 69.0 68.5

100.0 71.0 70.1

100.0 83.1 73.2

100.0 92.0 91.7

100.0 83.0 82.6

100.0 73.6 73.3

100.0 63.5 63.1

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

637 726 670 620 723 713 911

703 551 028 423 652 448 152

216 922 182 443 818 479 294

296 984 692 682 075 535 312

185 741 879 292 012 558 444

587 629 509 553 463 104 958

216 931 718 304 497 7 412 2 557 285

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

937 749 273 475 759 58 1 701 36 3 32 154 8 146 238 230 8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

420

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

327

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 253.

Section Five: Census Data

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Region and Division State

West South Central Division

Mountain Division

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

Montana

2 350 725 1 944 744 373 912 12 773 12 641 80 52 12 530 12 125 1 726 1 569 957 1 329 1 037 2 348 28 23 1 982 248 878 28 – 25 115 9 108 13 580 405 226 55 95 29 1 2 – 1 – 25 6 766

4 219 973 2 839 138 1 299 281 18 541 18 361 92 88 41 099 40 173 5 430 3 731 1 526 5 083 2 750 17 598 308 1 1 024 704 2 018 56 22 140 175 4 352 89 1 180 926 411 169 291 55 2 – 5 3 2 43 21 914

3 145 585 2 583 512 233 801 252 420 252 089 202 129 33 563 32 002 5 193 3 024 2 385 4 546 4 717 7 320 307 207 902 942 2 459 123 7 261 347 16 511 50 1 144 1 561 712 203 451 195 6 1 19 – 3 166 42 289

16 986 510 12 774 762 2 021 632 65 877 64 349 721 807 319 459 311 918 63 232 34 350 14 795 55 795 31 775 69 634 5 887 176 9 332 5 816 21 126 628 172 1 264 1 224 63 7 627 531 9 617 7 541 2 979 916 2 209 1 437 630 19 28 73 56 631 1 804 780

799 741 2 47 47

2 350 19 12 1

725 876 496 176 494 5 710 2 330 849

4 219 93 23 6 8 54 4 126

3 145 86 63 4 1 17 3 059

16 986 510 4 339 905 3 890 820 42 981 18 195 387 909 12 646 605

799 065 12 174 8 362 437 124 3 251 786 891

2 350 725 1 944 744 11 662 1 933 082 373 912 1 150 372 762 12 773 380 12 393 12 530 386 12 144 6 766 6 298 468

4 219 973 2 839 138 63 116 2 776 022 1 299 281 7 811 1 291 470 18 541 1 002 17 539 41 099 1 797 39 302 21 914 19 318 2 596

3 145 585 2 583 512 35 924 2 547 588 233 801 2 339 231 462 252 420 5 789 246 631 33 563 1 197 32 366 42 289 40 911 1 378

16 12 2 10 2

799 741 7 733 2

100.0 82.7 15.9 .5 .5 .5 .5 – .3

100.0 67.3 30.8 .4 .4 1.0 1.0 – .5

100.0 82.1 7.4 8.0 8.0 1.1 1.0 – 1.3

100.0 75.2 11.9 .4 .4 1.9 1.8 – 10.6

100.0 92.7 .3 6.0 5.9 .5 .5 – .5

100.0 .8 .5 .1 – .2 99.2

100.0 2.2 .6 .1 .2 1.3 97.8

100.0 2.7 2.0 .1 – .5 97.3

100.0 25.5 22.9 .3 .1 2.3 74.5

100.0 82.7 82.2

100.0 67.3 65.8

100.0 82.1 81.0

100.0 75.2 60.6

Idaho

Wyoming

Colorado

New Mexico

Arizona

453 427 3 9 9

3 294 394 2 905 474 133 146 27 776 27 271 297 208 59 862 57 122 8 695 5 426 11 402 3 836 11 339 7 210 1 320 1 202 1 996 1 184 3 512 42 10 375 122 24 478 106 2 355 2 740 1 368 345 778 249 45 16 21 18 6 143 168 136

1 515 069 1 146 028 30 210 134 355 134 097 162 96 14 124 13 363 2 607 2 018 1 895 1 593 1 464 1 485 55 – 522 440 1 284 17 10 86 42 9 107 42 971 761 408 119 149 85 13 12 13 9 3 35 190 352

3 665 228 2 963 186 110 524 203 527 203 009 284 234 55 206 51 699 14 136 7 904 6 302 5 663 5 863 5 239 787 9 855 1 381 3 560 89 71 356 189 21 465 140 2 229 3 507 1 690 416 709 692 388 7 6 22 20 249 332 785

1 006 749 52 927 43 213 665 164 8 885 953 822

453 588 25 751 18 730 325 63 6 633 427 837

3 294 424 282 7 2 132 2 870

1 515 579 328 2

3 665 688 616 8 2 61 2 976

1 006 950 21 928 3

453 427 14 412 3

588 061 350 711 606 180 426 479 622 857 806 184 622 636 415 221

3 294 394 2 905 474 246 529 2 658 945 133 146 5 089 128 057 27 776 5 708 22 068 59 862 3 089 56 773 168 136 163 887 4 249

1 515 069 1 146 028 381 864 764 164 30 210 2 568 27 642 134 355 6 287 128 068 14 124 1 537 12 587 190 352 186 968 3 384

3 665 228 2 963 186 337 001 2 626 185 110 524 5 715 104 809 203 527 13 436 190 091 55 206 3 676 51 530 332 785 328 510 4 275

100.0 94.4 .3 1.4 1.4 .9 .8 .1 3.0

100.0 94.2 .8 2.1 2.1 .6 .6 – 2.3

100.0 88.2 4.0 .8 .8 1.8 1.7 .1 5.1

100.0 75.6 2.0 8.9 8.9 .9 .9 .1 12.6

100.0 80.8 3.0 5.6 5.5 1.5 1.4 .1 9.1

100.0 1.5 1.0 .1 – .4 98.5

100.0 5.3 4.3 .1 – .9 94.7

100.0 5.7 4.1 .1 – 1.5 94.3

100.0 12.9 8.6 .2 .1 4.0 87.1

100.0 38.2 21.7 .2 .1 16.3 61.8

100.0 18.8 16.8 .2 .1 1.7 81.2

100.0 92.7 91.8

100.0 94.4 92.2

100.0 94.2 91.0

100.0 88.2 80.7

100.0 75.6 50.4

100.0 80.8 71.7

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

065 111 381 679 524 106 49 4 259 3 958 655 735 829 248 668 159 4 146 185 107 222 1 1 20 33 – 10 15 142 301 179 49 43 30 4 3 1 1 6 15 3 635

1 006 950 3 13 13 9 8 1 1 2

29

749 451 370 780 594 132 54 365 492 420 083 719 473 935 600 66 – 482 188 526 1 7 34 7 8 90 17 362 873 476 145 95 157 51 1 19 10 6 70 783

588 061 606 479 426 37 16 2 806 2 638 554 408 583 240 402 124 6 – 17 91 213 4 2 3 22 1 44 10 127 168 93 25 35 15 2 1 – 2 – 10 10 636

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

973 044 452 180 569 843 929

585 160 226 693 043 198 425

394 302 478 225 058 541 092

069 224 836 635 903 246 850 935 845

228 338 195 256 079 808 890

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

986 774 483 291 021 45 1 976 65 13 52 319 15 303 1 804 1 782 21

510 762 082 680 632 272 360 877 074 803 459 634 825 780 843 937

2 47 1 46 4 4 3 3

065 111 233 878 381 139 242 679 204 475 259 136 123 635 462 173

3 13 1 12 9 9 29 29

749 451 790 661 370 159 211 780 362 418 365 312 053 783 304 479

3 9 8 2 2 10 10

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

328

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

421

Section Five: Census Data

Table 253.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Region and Division State

Mountain Division

Con.

Pacific Division

Utah

Nevada

Washington

Oregon

California

Alaska

Hawaii

1 722 850 1 615 845 11 576 24 283 24 093 116 74 33 371 25 696 5 322 1 905 6 500 1 557 2 629 2 797 997 105 1 774 617 1 493 24 17 121 68 2 244 34 983 7 675 1 396 1 570 148 4 561 3 904 49 3 5 51 549 37 775

1 201 833 1 012 695 78 771 19 637 19 377 156 104 38 127 35 232 6 618 12 048 4 024 1 825 4 315 1 934 244 24 804 1 823 1 573 20 15 119 47 18 213 56 1 085 2 895 1 534 326 472 563 331 12 18 27 20 155 52 603

4 866 692 4 308 937 149 801 81 483 77 627 1 791 2 065 210 958 195 918 33 962 43 799 34 366 8 205 29 697 18 696 11 096 741 6 191 2 386 6 779 48 112 653 241 90 579 131 4 925 15 040 5 423 4 130 3 779 1 708 448 24 130 113 293 700 115 513

2 842 321 2 636 787 46 178 38 496 37 443 545 508 69 269 64 232 13 652 7 411 11 796 3 508 8 668 9 088 2 101 438 3 262 876 3 432 32 34 803 145 25 270 171 1 952 5 037 2 415 565 701 1 356 169 16 70 90 239 772 51 591

29 760 021 20 524 327 2 208 801 242 164 236 078 2 552 3 534 2 845 659 2 735 060 704 850 731 685 312 989 159 973 259 941 280 223 68 190 46 892 58 058 32 064 80 195 1 134 2 947 14 785 2 204 411 13 965 3 385 41 364 110 599 34 447 31 917 25 059 19 176 7 919 267 321 397 5 744 4 528 3 939 070

550 415 22 85 31 44 10 19 17 1 7 2

1 722 84 56 2

850 597 842 181 456 25 118 1 638 253

1 201 124 85 4 5 28 1 077

4 866 214 155 9 2 47 4 652

2 842 112 85 2 1 22 2 729

29 760 021 7 687 938 6 118 996 126 417 71 977 1 370 548 22 072 083

550 17 9 1

043 803 321 938 277 6 267 532 240

1 108 81 14 25

1 722 850 1 615 845 44 591 1 571 254 11 576 708 10 868 24 283 1 535 22 748 33 371 881 32 490 37 775 36 882 893

1 201 833 1 012 695 66 338 946 357 78 771 2 268 76 503 19 637 2 157 17 480 38 127 2 230 35 897 52 603 51 426 1 177

4 866 692 4 308 937 87 315 4 221 622 149 801 3 801 146 000 81 483 5 086 76 397 210 958 7 290 203 668 115 513 111 078 4 435

2 842 321 2 636 787 57 055 2 579 732 46 178 1 196 44 982 38 496 2 747 35 749 69 269 1 847 67 422 51 591 49 862 1 729

29 20 3 17 2

550 415 8 406 22

1 108 369 21 347 27 1 25 5 1 4 685 38 646 21 18 2

100.0 93.8 .7 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.5 .4 2.2

100.0 84.3 6.6 1.6 1.6 3.2 2.9 .2 4.4

100.0 88.5 3.1 1.7 1.6 4.3 4.0 .3 2.4

100.0 92.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 2.4 2.3 .2 1.8

100.0 69.0 7.4 .8 .8 9.6 9.2 .4 13.2

100.0 75.5 4.1 15.6 5.7 3.6 3.2 .3 1.2

100.0 33.4 2.5 .5 .4 61.8 47.2 14.6 1.9

100.0 4.9 3.3 .1 – 1.5 95.1

100.0 10.4 7.1 .4 .5 2.4 89.6

100.0 4.4 3.2 .2 – 1.0 95.6

100.0 4.0 3.0 .1 – .8 96.0

100.0 25.8 20.6 .4 .2 4.6 74.2

100.0 3.2 1.7 .4 .1 1.1 96.8

100.0 7.3 1.3 2.3 .1 3.7 92.7

100.0 93.8 91.2

100.0 84.3 78.7

100.0 88.5 86.7

100.0 92.8 90.8

100.0 69.0 57.2

100.0 75.5 73.9

100.0 33.4 31.4

RACE

                                       

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

043 492 451 698 245 401 052 728 814 342 976 066 472 4 163 582 50 1 226 369 567 3 2 39 6 5 43 7 462 1 914 934 522 208 250 158 2 4 10 2 74 6 674

1 108 369 27 5 4 685 522 68 168 247 1 24 5 1 1 4

1 2 162 138 15 2 6 3

2 21

229 616 195 099 738 155 206 236 967 804 682 486 015 454 468 119 6 677 220 036 22 67 362 176 138 95 91 085 269 742 034 120 373 088 358 63 358 261 245 083

HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

833 419 287 272 988 872 414

692 570 864 345 281 080 122

321 707 632 764 333 978 614

229 390 367 778 558 40 687 1 026 839

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

               

All persons White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

2

2 2 3 3

760 524 495 029 208 116 092 242 58 184 845 135 710 939 882 56

021 327 201 126 801 355 446 164 099 065 659 306 353 070 977 093

21 85 1 84 19 18 6 6

043 492 770 722 451 652 799 698 104 594 728 998 730 674 279 395

229 616 972 644 195 279 916 099 098 001 236 832 404 083 209 874

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE

        

All persons White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN

      

All persons Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN

  

All persons White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

422

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

329

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 254.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of White Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All White persons

All households with a White householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

United States Region and Division State

United States



Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

199 686 070

23.9

13.9

34.4

92.4

2.5

76 880 105

69.5

31.7

57.7

25.7

8.9

4.7

2.54

3.06

42 068 904 12 032 983 30 035 921

22.0 22.2 22.0

15.2 14.2 15.6

35.5 34.6 35.8

89.7 90.0 89.5

2.8 3.2 2.6

16 123 125 4 585 058 11 538 067

68.8 68.6 68.9

29.8 30.7 29.4

56.2 55.7 56.4

24.4 24.7 24.2

9.5 9.8 9.4

4.4 4.9 4.1

2.54 2.55 2.54

3.09 3.08 3.10

52 35 16 65 33 12 20

957 043 914 199 885 158 156

25.0 24.8 25.6 23.6 22.0 24.2 25.9

13.9 13.6 14.5 14.0 15.1 13.5 12.5

33.9 33.9 33.8 34.5 35.5 34.4 33.1

91.3 91.3 91.5 92.3 92.6 90.8 92.8

2.6 2.4 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.3

19 13 6 25 13 4 7

420 920 500 553 025 700 828

70.2 70.6 69.3 71.0 70.1 73.5 71.0

33.1 33.0 33.3 32.0 29.9 33.9 34.3

58.9 58.8 59.1 59.7 59.1 61.8 59.5

27.1 26.9 27.4 26.3 24.7 28.1 28.1

8.6 9.0 7.7 8.5 8.2 9.1 8.7

4.8 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.1 4.6 4.9

2.56 2.58 2.52 2.51 2.47 2.54 2.57

3.09 3.10 3.06 3.01 2.95 3.01 3.10

40 017 010 11 761 851 28 255 159

24.6 27.1 23.6

12.7 12.2 12.8

33.6 32.8 34.0

96.7 95.5 97.2

2.3 2.1 2.5

15 396 007 4 480 798 10 915 209

67.0 68.7 66.3

31.3 33.6 30.4

54.6 57.1 53.6

24.4 26.6 23.5

9.0 8.7 9.2

5.3 5.5 5.2

2.55 2.58 2.54

3.08 3.12 3.07

12 032 983 1 208 360 1 087 433 555 088 5 405 374 917 375 2 859 353

22.2 25.0 25.0 25.3 21.3 21.4 21.3

14.2 13.5 11.4 11.9 14.6 16.0 14.8

34.6 34.0 32.9 33.2 34.5 34.9 35.7

90.0 91.3 93.1 92.7 88.6 88.1 91.3

3.2 2.9 2.8 3.7 3.4 3.7 2.9

058 110 832 607 948 749 812

68.6 70.6 71.2 68.8 67.0 68.0 69.9

30.7 34.5 35.3 35.0 29.3 29.5 29.6

55.7 58.2 59.7 56.6 53.4 54.5 57.9

24.7 27.1 28.9 27.4 23.4 23.4 24.6

9.8 9.5 8.4 9.1 10.6 10.6 9.1

4.9 5.9 4.9 5.9 5.1 5.2 4.1

2.55 2.55 2.61 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.54

3.08 3.03 3.08 3.06 3.11 3.06 3.05

30 13 6 10 35 9 5 8 7 4 16 4 2 4

035 385 130 520 764 521 020 952 756 512 253 130 683 486 604 637 1 480 2 231

921 255 465 201 043 756 700 978 086 523 914 395 090 228 142 515 558 986

22.0 21.7 21.5 22.6 24.8 24.9 25.5 23.7 25.2 25.1 25.6 25.8 25.5 24.7 26.6 27.0 26.5 25.8

15.6 15.4 15.2 16.2 13.6 13.6 13.0 14.2 12.7 14.1 14.5 13.0 15.7 14.8 14.9 15.6 14.7 14.7

35.8 35.7 36.1 35.8 33.9 34.0 33.4 34.4 33.5 33.7 33.8 33.0 34.5 34.3 33.1 33.6 33.6 33.8

89.5 89.7 90.7 88.8 91.3 89.9 90.9 91.5 92.1 92.8 91.5 92.8 90.0 89.8 97.1 93.8 91.4 92.1

2.6 2.8 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.6 3.5 2.7 3.7 3.6 2.9 3.1

538 184 307 045 578 621 889 447 907 712 279 579 036 747 231 244 571 867

067 827 810 430 920 244 853 865 741 217 500 722 774 422 488 847 603 644

68.9 66.5 71.8 70.4 70.6 71.2 71.9 68.8 71.6 69.7 69.3 68.5 69.6 70.0 68.7 69.1 68.9 69.6

29.4 28.5 30.0 30.2 33.0 33.2 34.5 31.2 33.8 33.3 33.3 34.0 32.9 32.5 34.5 34.3 33.8 33.4

56.4 53.7 59.2 58.2 58.8 59.0 60.2 57.4 59.1 59.0 59.1 58.0 59.6 59.1 59.7 60.0 59.3 59.7

24.2 23.1 25.4 25.0 26.9 26.9 28.0 26.0 27.1 27.4 27.4 28.0 27.0 26.6 29.3 28.7 28.1 27.5

9.4 9.6 9.3 9.2 9.0 9.4 8.9 8.5 9.6 8.0 7.7 7.8 7.6 8.3 6.5 6.7 7.3 7.5

4.1 4.3 3.7 4.1 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.2 5.4 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.7

2.54 2.52 2.61 2.53 2.58 2.57 2.59 2.54 2.62 2.57 2.52 2.56 2.50 2.50 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.50

3.10 3.12 3.12 3.06 3.10 3.09 3.08 3.10 3.11 3.10 3.06 3.11 3.04 3.03 3.10 3.09 3.09 3.04

33 390 535 3 393 179 4 791 1 725 5 008 2 406 4 600 10 749 12 049 3 391 4 048 2 975 1 633 20 142 1 944 2 839 2 583 12 774

885 094 964 667 739 523 491 974 148 285 158 832 068 797 461 156 744 138 512 762

22.0 22.8 22.6 9.7 22.9 24.6 22.1 23.2 24.1 19.8 24.2 25.4 23.4 23.6 24.5 25.9 24.4 25.9 24.6 26.4

15.1 13.3 12.7 13.5 11.5 15.0 13.2 12.5 11.2 20.6 13.5 12.9 13.4 13.8 14.0 12.5 15.7 12.5 14.7 11.6

35.5 34.1 34.6 34.6 33.7 35.6 34.7 34.1 33.4 38.6 34.4 33.5 34.8 34.9 34.6 33.1 35.4 33.2 34.8 32.5

92.6 91.8 93.1 93.9 94.8 88.6 93.1 94.2 93.7 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.7 91.0 91.3 92.8 90.5 92.0 90.9 93.7

2.5 2.7 2.1 10.9 2.9 1.9 3.1 3.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.2

13 206 204 1 293 88 1 839 664 1 977 923 1 756 4 457 4 637 1 278 1 576 1 159 623 7 658 760 1 069 1 027 4 800

025 968 894 295 325 100 594 440 916 493 700 806 161 263 470 828 287 650 966 925

70.1 70.8 70.9 32.6 70.7 72.9 71.9 73.2 72.4 67.6 73.5 74.0 73.0 73.4 73.8 71.0 73.4 72.0 70.6 70.5

29.9 31.3 31.5 11.4 32.5 34.0 31.4 33.1 34.0 25.2 33.9 35.8 32.8 33.0 34.3 34.3 33.0 35.2 33.0 34.6

59.1 59.3 59.2 26.8 60.1 59.8 61.2 62.1 61.5 56.6 61.8 61.1 61.1 62.8 63.0 59.5 62.9 60.4 59.6 58.7

24.7 25.8 26.2 9.4 27.4 27.4 26.3 27.7 28.7 19.9 28.1 29.1 27.0 28.0 29.1 28.1 27.4 29.4 26.6 28.2

8.2 8.5 8.6 4.1 7.9 10.2 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.1 9.1 10.1 9.2 8.2 8.3 8.7 8.0 8.8 8.6 8.9

4.1 4.2 4.0 1.5 3.9 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.6 5.5 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.9 4.4 4.6 5.1 5.1

2.47 2.54 2.58 1.84 2.54 2.55 2.46 2.53 2.56 2.36 2.54 2.59 2.51 2.52 2.56 2.57 2.50 2.60 2.47 2.60

2.95 3.02 3.04 2.70 3.01 3.04 2.92 2.98 3.03 2.85 3.01 3.06 2.98 2.99 3.03 3.10 2.97 3.12 2.99 3.15

11 761 741 950 427 2 905 1 146 2 963 1 615 1 012 28 255 4 308 2 636 20 524 415 369

851 111 451 061 474 028 186 845 695 159 937 787 327 492 616

27.1 26.8 30.2 29.4 25.1 27.0 24.0 36.2 23.3 23.6 24.8 24.8 23.2 29.2 23.0

12.2 14.0 12.5 10.7 10.7 12.5 15.1 9.0 11.8 12.8 12.7 14.5 12.9 4.0 9.3

32.8 34.7 32.2 32.5 33.3 33.4 34.4 26.5 34.6 34.0 34.0 35.3 33.9 30.7 32.3

95.5 95.2 95.1 97.8 95.3 93.8 94.4 94.4 103.1 97.2 95.5 92.9 97.4 116.6 117.4

2.1 2.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.5 3.3 5.4

4 480 290 345 160 1 154 435 1 177 508 407 10 915 1 708 1 043 7 871 153 138

798 030 484 879 983 810 349 404 859 209 223 711 635 215 425

68.7 68.7 72.8 70.7 66.2 70.5 67.1 76.5 65.1 66.3 67.1 67.9 65.9 69.3 67.0

33.6 33.8 37.3 37.8 32.6 34.8 29.4 44.8 28.9 30.4 32.1 31.4 29.6 41.3 33.0

57.1 58.3 62.3 60.1 54.7 56.9 55.3 65.3 52.4 53.6 55.6 56.1 52.8 58.0 55.6

26.6 27.0 30.4 30.6 25.6 26.6 22.7 37.6 22.0 23.5 24.9 24.1 22.9 33.3 26.6

8.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 8.6 10.0 8.7 8.8 8.8 9.2 8.6 8.8 9.4 7.6 7.9

5.5 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.5 6.2 5.2 5.9 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.0 5.7 4.8

2.58 2.49 2.70 2.60 2.46 2.59 2.47 3.14 2.45 2.54 2.48 2.48 2.56 2.69 2.63

3.12 3.04 3.21 3.14 3.03 3.11 3.00 3.66 2.98 3.07 3.01 2.98 3.09 3.21 3.11

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

REGION AND DIVISION

   Midwest  East North Central  West North Central  South  South Atlantic  East South Central  West South Central  West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic

017 764 253 582 390 049 142

858 578 279 502 206 637 658

STATE

       Middle Atlantic  New York New Jersey  Pennsylvania East North Central  Ohio  Indiana  Illinois  Michigan  Wisconsin  West North Central  Minnesota  Iowa  Missouri  North Dakota  South Dakota  Nebraska  Kansas  South Atlantic  Delaware  Maryland  District of Columbia  Virginia  West Virginia  North Carolina  South Carolina  Georgia  Florida  East South Central  Kentucky  Tennessee  Alabama  Mississippi  West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma Texas  Mountain  Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

330

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

4 585 460 404 208 2 061 352 1 096 11 5 2 4 13 3 1 3 2 1 6 1 1 1

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

423

Section Five: Census Data

Table 255.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of Black Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All Black persons

All households with a Black householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

United States Region and Division State

United States



Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

29 986 060

32.0

8.4

28.1

84.1

4.2

9 976 161

70.0

39.2

34.2

17.8

30.6

19.0

2.87

3.48

5 613 222 627 547 4 985 675

29.5 31.3 29.3

8.1 6.1 8.4

29.3 27.3 29.6

82.2 89.3 81.3

4.7 5.4 4.6

1 864 479 207 066 1 657 413

68.4 68.8 68.4

36.5 40.9 36.0

31.3 31.9 31.2

15.6 17.4 15.3

31.5 31.4 31.5

18.6 21.1 18.2

2.86 2.84 2.86

3.47 3.41 3.48

5 715 940 4 817 436 898 504 15 828 888 8 923 558 2 976 704 3 928 626

33.0 32.9 34.0 32.6 31.5 34.1 34.1

8.3 8.4 8.0 8.8 8.5 10.1 8.4

27.9 28.1 27.0 27.8 28.3 27.1 27.0

82.4 81.5 87.4 82.8 83.3 78.9 84.6

3.7 3.5 4.9 3.9 4.1 3.5 3.9

1 938 405 1 632 461 305 944 5 209 880 2 947 032 971 172 1 291 676

68.6 68.8 67.8 71.6 71.5 72.4 71.5

39.3 39.1 40.2 40.2 39.4 41.1 41.6

30.5 30.2 32.1 36.4 36.6 35.3 36.5

15.1 14.8 16.9 19.5 19.3 19.1 20.2

33.0 33.4 30.8 30.2 29.6 32.2 30.0

21.9 22.1 21.0 18.6 17.8 20.0 19.2

2.83 2.84 2.77 2.92 2.90 2.96 2.93

3.46 3.47 3.42 3.51 3.47 3.58 3.54

2 828 010 373 584 2 454 426

30.9 33.4 30.5

6.8 5.6 7.0

28.1 26.8 28.3

99.9 109.5 98.6

5.9 5.8 5.9

963 397 130 090 833 307

67.2 66.2 67.4

38.3 40.6 37.9

35.4 37.8 35.1

18.9 21.3 18.5

26.0 23.2 26.5

16.5 16.2 16.6

2.76 2.71 2.76

3.34 3.35 3.34

207 066 1 458 2 322 557 99 402 12 445 90 882

68.8 65.2 67.7 57.1 67.8 69.1 70.1

40.9 42.2 43.8 38.2 40.6 44.1 40.7

31.9 50.5 48.8 41.3 30.6 32.1 32.5

17.4 32.2 30.8 25.5 16.9 18.5 17.1

31.4 11.2 13.4 12.9 31.5 31.0 32.3

21.1 8.3 9.8 10.6 21.2 22.6 21.4

2.84 2.65 2.74 2.56 2.82 2.88 2.85

3.41 3.26 3.31 3.25 3.41 3.46 3.41

68.4 68.1 70.8 66.8 68.8 67.0 68.9 69.8 68.5 72.9 67.8 64.9 67.0 67.9 73.0 69.4 67.9 69.1

36.0 36.6 37.4 33.2 39.1 37.3 39.8 38.8 39.2 49.0 40.2 45.5 42.1 38.3 56.0 51.3 42.7 42.1

31.2 30.7 35.3 28.9 30.2 31.2 32.9 30.5 28.7 26.6 32.1 27.7 33.0 31.1 62.9 56.4 31.5 37.5

15.3 15.6 17.5 12.7 14.8 14.6 16.4 15.1 13.9 15.0 16.9 16.8 17.4 15.5 47.0 40.6 17.2 20.9

31.5 31.8 29.7 32.3 33.4 31.3 31.2 33.8 34.5 41.5 30.8 31.9 29.4 31.8 7.1 8.9 32.1 27.0

18.2 18.6 17.5 18.1 22.1 20.6 21.1 21.3 23.1 31.5 21.0 25.6 21.9 20.6 6.6 7.2 23.5 18.8

2.86 2.87 2.97 2.75 2.84 2.67 2.77 2.97 2.81 3.06 2.77 2.74 2.73 2.78 2.91 2.86 2.75 2.76

3.48 3.50 3.53 3.38 3.47 3.31 3.39 3.61 3.43 3.59 3.42 3.37 3.35 3.45 3.49 3.46 3.39 3.37

032 229 460 356 280 941 214 878 113 561 172 639 505 513 515 676 338 880 203 255

71.5 71.4 71.0 58.0 71.5 64.5 72.0 75.4 72.0 72.4 72.4 68.7 71.3 72.7 74.2 71.5 71.5 74.2 68.8 70.2

39.4 39.5 37.9 24.2 38.1 32.9 38.8 42.0 41.6 42.4 41.1 39.3 39.9 40.1 43.8 41.6 41.9 43.5 41.9 40.4

36.6 35.6 36.5 23.9 40.3 33.8 38.1 40.1 35.7 35.5 35.3 33.2 33.6 36.6 36.2 36.5 36.1 35.3 35.7 37.4

19.3 18.0 18.5 8.2 20.5 16.2 19.7 22.4 19.9 19.5 19.1 16.7 17.5 19.6 20.6 20.2 19.9 19.6 20.0 20.6

29.6 30.0 28.8 28.7 26.5 26.2 29.1 30.4 31.4 30.9 32.2 31.2 32.8 31.5 32.9 30.0 30.7 33.8 28.6 27.9

17.8 18.6 16.8 14.3 15.7 14.7 17.2 17.7 19.6 19.8 20.0 20.7 20.5 18.7 20.9 19.2 19.9 21.6 19.6 17.5

2.90 2.89 2.86 2.48 2.81 2.53 2.84 3.10 2.93 3.04 2.96 2.67 2.85 2.96 3.16 2.93 2.97 3.08 2.78 2.84

3.47 3.41 3.37 3.28 3.35 3.22 3.39 3.65 3.50 3.59 3.58 3.29 3.45 3.58 3.78 3.54 3.63 3.67 3.42 3.46

130 090 760 1 095 1 208 49 255 10 377 37 140 3 770 26 485 833 307 51 645 15 385 751 563 6 927 7 787

66.2 65.1 65.5 66.5 63.8 69.4 67.5 65.3 67.9 67.4 65.8 63.2 67.4 74.9 78.3

40.6 44.2 43.1 44.2 38.8 42.5 41.5 42.6 41.0 37.9 41.1 37.6 37.3 54.6 56.2

37.8 48.3 51.1 43.9 36.5 44.0 38.7 43.3 34.7 35.1 38.0 30.9 34.5 53.8 67.6

21.3 30.7 32.9 27.0 20.1 25.7 22.2 26.9 18.8 18.5 22.0 16.9 17.8 37.9 48.3

23.2 11.4 9.9 18.5 22.8 19.8 23.3 16.4 27.1 26.5 22.5 26.2 27.0 16.3 7.4

16.2 9.5 7.2 15.0 16.1 13.2 16.1 12.2 18.9 16.6 16.0 17.7 16.7 13.3 5.9

2.71 2.57 2.72 2.63 2.56 2.77 2.80 2.72 2.83 2.76 2.67 2.68 2.77 2.96 3.02

3.35 3.23 3.39 3.27 3.24 3.35 3.43 3.36 3.42 3.34 3.28 3.33 3.35 3.43 3.41

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

331

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

REGION AND DIVISION

   Midwest  East North Central  West North Central  South  South Atlantic  East South Central  West South Central  West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic

STATE

       Middle Atlantic  New York New Jersey  Pennsylvania East North Central  Ohio  Indiana  Illinois  Michigan  Wisconsin  West North Central  Minnesota  Iowa  Missouri  North Dakota  South Dakota  Nebraska  Kansas  South Atlantic  Delaware  Maryland  District of Columbia  Virginia  West Virginia  North Carolina  South Carolina  Georgia  Florida  East South Central  Kentucky  Tennessee  Alabama  Mississippi  West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma Texas  Mountain  Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

627 5 7 1 300 38 274

547 138 198 951 130 861 269

31.3 33.2 31.7 35.4 31.1 33.8 31.2

6.1 3.3 3.3 3.7 6.2 5.7 6.2

27.3 23.8 25.7 22.0 27.3 25.9 27.5

89.3 179.3 135.5 147.3 89.5 98.0 85.5

5.4 16.0 9.5 12.9 5.3 7.1 4.8

4 2 1 1 4 1

985 859 036 089 817 154 432 1 694 1 291 244 898 94 48 548 3 3 57 143

675 055 825 795 436 826 092 273 706 539 504 944 090 208 524 258 404 076

29.3 29.2 29.3 29.4 32.9 31.9 33.3 32.6 32.5 40.1 34.0 39.1 36.7 32.6 37.3 38.0 36.5 34.0

8.4 7.9 7.5 10.4 8.4 9.3 8.8 7.9 8.7 4.4 8.0 3.9 6.7 9.2 .8 2.5 6.4 7.8

29.6 29.5 29.1 30.1 28.1 29.1 28.0 28.1 28.2 23.4 27.0 24.0 24.4 28.2 22.7 22.9 25.6 26.5

81.3 80.0 84.8 81.6 81.5 81.0 82.8 81.4 81.5 82.4 87.4 107.9 99.1 80.1 177.7 204.1 89.9 98.7

4.6 4.6 4.4 4.7 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.2 3.3 4.0 4.9 5.2 7.1 4.0 11.6 11.7 4.6 7.0

1 657 947 333 376 1 632 415 149 550 441 75 305 31 15 188 1

8 923 112 1 189 399 1 162 56 1 456 1 039 1 746 1 759 2 976 262 778 1 020 915 3 928 373 1 299 233 2 021

558 460 899 604 994 295 323 884 565 534 704 907 035 705 057 626 912 281 801 632

31.5 31.6 28.7 23.5 29.2 29.0 30.8 33.5 33.1 34.6 34.1 31.6 32.4 33.6 36.9 34.1 36.5 35.8 34.3 32.5

8.5 7.8 6.7 13.1 9.2 15.6 9.5 9.0 7.7 7.4 10.1 10.2 9.5 10.7 9.9 8.4 11.3 8.6 8.6 7.8

28.3 27.9 29.5 33.2 29.2 31.6 28.5 27.3 27.3 27.0 27.1 28.3 27.9 27.7 25.3 27.0 26.2 26.2 26.4 27.6

83.3 84.3 84.2 78.3 87.7 81.7 82.3 81.2 81.1 85.6 78.9 85.1 79.2 77.7 78.1 84.6 78.4 79.9 90.8 88.1

4.1 4.4 3.3 5.1 5.3 5.8 4.2 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.5 6.0 3.8 3.1 2.9 3.9 3.5 3.5 6.2 4.0

2 947 37 401 152 391 20 492 323 574 553 971 92 262 334 281 1 291 121 406 79 684

373 2 3 3 133 30 110 11 78 2 454 149 46 2 208 22 27

584 381 370 606 146 210 524 576 771 426 801 178 801 451 195

33.4 37.0 36.7 35.2 32.0 34.4 34.3 35.8 33.7 30.5 33.6 35.2 30.1 35.2 30.7

5.6 4.2 4.1 5.9 5.3 7.0 6.2 5.4 4.9 7.0 5.5 6.9 7.2 2.2 1.4

26.8 23.3 23.5 25.2 27.6 26.6 26.5 24.1 26.9 28.3 26.4 26.5 28.6 24.7 24.2

109.5 173.7 178.0 128.6 105.8 114.6 110.6 162.2 102.5 98.6 119.9 111.6 96.2 131.7 187.4

5.8 11.2 7.9 8.6 5.4 5.8 6.2 10.2 5.1 5.9 6.7 5.6 5.7 10.0 17.1

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

424

413 597 782 034 461 670 055 311 984 441 944 201 741 853 077 987 19 720 48 365

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 256.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut persons

All households with an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

United States Region and Division State

United States



Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

1 959 234

35.6

5.8

26.2

94.2

2.9

591 372

74.8

45.1

48.0

28.1

20.4

13.3

3.12

3.60

125 148 32 794 92 354

29.3 30.2 28.9

6.9 6.4 7.0

29.3 28.6 29.5

93.9 97.0 92.9

3.8 4.5 3.6

41 978 11 145 30 833

69.4 68.7 69.7

39.7 40.3 39.5

41.4 41.3 41.4

23.1 22.8 23.2

21.8 22.0 21.8

13.6 14.6 13.2

2.89 2.81 2.91

3.43 3.34 3.46

337 149 187 562 172 40 349

899 939 960 731 281 839 611

37.3 32.9 40.7 33.1 29.1 31.7 35.2

5.2 5.5 4.9 7.2 6.3 6.0 7.7

25.1 27.5 23.2 28.0 29.3 29.3 27.1

94.2 95.8 92.8 95.2 99.5 97.6 92.7

3.5 2.9 4.0 2.7 3.6 3.4 2.1

101 48 52 183 58 13 111

859 869 990 485 436 496 553

74.0 72.5 75.5 74.9 74.5 76.0 75.0

47.1 44.0 50.0 42.0 42.4 44.1 41.6

43.5 46.4 40.8 54.3 52.1 55.6 55.4

25.8 26.4 25.2 29.9 29.1 32.3 30.0

24.1 20.6 27.4 15.9 17.0 15.4 15.3

17.3 14.4 20.1 9.6 10.4 9.2 9.3

3.10 2.93 3.26 2.88 2.90 2.96 2.86

3.57 3.41 3.72 3.35 3.35 3.41 3.35

933 456 480 516 452 940

37.3 40.6 33.8

5.1 5.0 5.3

25.3 23.3 27.2

93.6 91.4 95.7

2.6 2.3 2.9

264 050 124 689 139 361

75.8 80.0 72.0

47.2 52.3 42.7

46.4 47.7 45.2

28.5 31.8 25.5

22.0 24.4 19.9

14.3 15.5 13.3

3.33 3.66 3.04

3.80 4.10 3.50

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

REGION AND DIVISION

   Midwest  East North Central  West North Central  South  South Atlantic  East South Central  West South Central  West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic

STATE

       Middle Atlantic  New York New Jersey  Pennsylvania East North Central  Ohio  Indiana  Illinois  Michigan  Wisconsin  West North Central  Minnesota  Iowa  Missouri  North Dakota  South Dakota  Nebraska  Kansas  South Atlantic  Delaware  Maryland  District of Columbia  Virginia  West Virginia  North Carolina  South Carolina  Georgia  Florida  East South Central  Kentucky  Tennessee  Alabama  Mississippi  West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma Texas  Mountain  Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

332

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

32 5 2 1 12 4 6

794 998 134 696 241 071 654

30.2 35.4 26.0 32.0 29.2 33.4 26.1

6.4 4.2 4.8 4.5 6.9 8.5 7.2

28.6 25.9 30.3 28.1 28.9 27.1 30.6

97.0 95.7 107.9 105.0 95.0 88.5 101.6

4.5 3.8 5.7 4.8 4.8 2.7 5.4

11 145 1 860 764 591 4 208 1 339 2 383

68.7 72.5 67.8 70.7 67.0 69.5 68.1

40.3 47.0 38.6 45.2 38.9 39.3 37.6

41.3 44.8 49.3 44.5 38.5 35.6 43.3

22.8 27.5 27.2 27.1 20.7 19.3 22.5

22.0 21.0 13.1 21.3 23.5 28.8 19.4

14.6 15.2 8.2 15.4 15.9 17.6 12.0

2.81 2.93 2.70 2.88 2.77 2.92 2.73

3.34 3.36 3.18 3.28 3.35 3.51 3.27

92 62 14 14 149 20 12 21 55 39 187 49 7 19 25 50 12 21

354 651 970 733 939 358 720 836 638 387 960 909 349 835 917 575 410 965

28.9 30.3 26.0 25.9 32.9 26.5 28.8 28.3 34.2 38.4 40.7 41.1 37.8 28.5 44.9 46.4 42.2 33.1

7.0 6.6 7.5 8.2 5.5 6.6 6.7 5.6 5.1 5.1 4.9 3.9 4.6 7.4 4.2 4.8 4.8 6.3

29.5 28.6 30.9 31.6 27.5 31.6 30.3 29.4 26.6 24.4 23.2 23.0 24.4 30.9 20.7 19.8 22.3 26.3

92.9 91.2 94.7 97.9 95.8 99.3 98.4 100.4 93.0 93.9 92.8 93.5 93.5 100.0 86.2 92.1 86.9 95.4

3.6 3.0 3.8 5.6 2.9 3.0 4.0 3.6 2.3 3.0 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.2 3.7 4.0 4.6 5.3

30 20 5 5 48 7 4 7 17 11 52 14 2 7 6 12 3 6

833 375 105 353 869 688 519 438 709 515 990 168 157 298 998 053 342 974

69.7 69.8 72.2 67.1 72.5 71.3 70.8 68.9 73.4 75.0 75.5 74.3 73.5 70.3 79.3 80.3 75.3 71.7

39.5 40.7 38.5 35.8 44.0 41.0 39.5 39.4 44.8 49.6 50.0 51.8 47.8 38.4 57.5 55.5 50.3 41.8

41.4 39.6 46.3 43.5 46.4 49.4 51.3 45.8 47.3 41.4 40.8 32.8 45.1 53.6 38.8 36.7 37.9 52.5

23.2 23.0 24.4 22.5 26.4 27.2 27.0 25.2 27.2 25.3 25.2 20.8 26.8 27.7 26.8 25.7 24.1 29.1

21.8 23.3 19.4 18.3 20.6 17.1 15.0 17.4 20.8 26.6 27.4 33.1 22.4 13.0 32.4 34.1 30.0 14.8

13.2 14.5 11.0 10.6 14.4 11.1 10.0 11.3 14.7 19.7 20.1 25.4 17.1 8.6 24.9 23.7 21.7 10.3

2.91 2.95 2.96 2.72 2.93 2.80 2.75 2.85 2.93 3.14 3.26 3.20 3.09 2.68 3.44 3.86 3.30 2.80

3.46 3.50 3.46 3.31 3.41 3.33 3.25 3.41 3.38 3.55 3.72 3.59 3.57 3.21 3.84 4.29 3.80 3.31

172 2 12 1 15 2 80 8 13 36 40 5 10 16 8 349 12 18 252 65

281 019 972 466 282 458 155 246 348 335 839 769 039 506 525 611 773 541 420 877

29.1 24.7 26.3 16.4 23.6 24.0 33.1 28.3 25.8 26.3 31.7 24.8 24.8 34.5 38.9 35.2 28.9 35.3 37.3 28.3

6.3 8.9 5.0 12.6 5.5 10.6 6.5 5.0 5.1 6.7 6.0 7.2 7.1 5.3 4.9 7.7 8.0 5.8 8.3 6.0

29.3 32.9 30.4 35.0 30.7 34.6 27.3 28.3 30.4 31.3 29.3 31.5 32.6 28.5 24.5 27.1 30.6 26.3 26.0 30.2

99.5 100.7 99.2 88.2 107.9 95.3 93.6 109.6 109.1 103.8 97.6 106.4 100.5 94.9 92.4 92.7 93.6 100.4 89.4 102.5

3.6 2.4 3.8 8.7 5.4 3.9 2.5 6.9 5.4 3.7 3.4 6.4 4.1 2.0 3.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.9 3.0

58 436 773 4 406 612 5 505 965 25 528 2 747 4 812 13 088 13 496 2 108 3 771 5 288 2 329 111 553 4 539 5 686 77 846 23 482

74.5 71.7 73.8 48.2 70.7 69.4 78.5 75.1 73.0 70.5 76.0 71.7 71.2 78.8 81.1 75.0 73.0 78.4 75.9 71.7

42.4 37.8 40.0 17.6 38.1 37.2 47.2 43.8 41.9 37.2 44.1 39.6 37.4 48.5 49.1 41.6 38.8 47.0 41.9 39.7

52.1 50.6 50.2 20.8 52.8 50.7 52.6 55.4 55.5 51.1 55.6 50.7 52.1 62.4 50.0 55.4 58.0 58.5 55.3 54.3

29.1 25.4 26.3 8.2 28.1 25.8 31.6 32.2 31.3 25.6 32.3 27.0 26.9 38.6 31.4 30.0 29.3 35.2 29.8 29.4

17.0 15.7 18.0 21.9 13.3 14.6 20.1 14.9 12.7 14.2 15.4 16.4 14.1 12.7 22.9 15.3 11.2 14.2 16.3 13.0

10.4 9.6 11.1 8.2 7.8 9.0 12.3 9.1 8.1 8.9 9.2 10.5 8.1 7.8 13.1 9.3 7.3 8.4 9.8 7.9

2.90 2.65 2.91 2.22 2.75 2.66 3.06 2.95 2.82 2.75 2.96 2.71 2.71 2.98 3.57 2.86 2.67 3.15 2.87 2.81

3.35 3.08 3.31 3.02 3.22 3.23 3.47 3.42 3.28 3.20 3.41 3.20 3.20 3.41 3.89 3.35 3.16 3.59 3.34 3.33

480 47 13 9 27 134 203 24 19 452 81 38 242 85 5

516 679 780 479 776 355 527 283 637 940 483 496 164 698 099

40.6 41.7 37.2 41.2 33.2 40.5 42.0 44.7 32.1 33.8 36.1 34.7 30.6 40.6 30.9

5.0 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.4 5.4 5.0 3.1 5.8 5.3 4.7 5.3 5.8 4.8 2.9

23.3 23.0 25.1 23.5 26.9 23.4 22.4 20.4 28.0 27.2 26.0 27.1 28.7 24.1 27.3

91.4 93.8 99.0 93.9 97.1 88.6 90.8 90.1 97.5 95.7 93.7 94.0 95.3 99.2 109.5

2.3 2.9 3.3 2.5 3.9 1.9 2.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 7.1

124 13 4 2 8 33 49 5 6 139 24 11 78 22 1

80.0 79.0 77.6 78.4 70.1 82.2 81.8 81.4 71.5 72.0 72.4 72.3 71.5 73.7 68.5

52.3 54.2 47.9 52.5 43.7 53.7 53.5 59.3 40.6 42.7 44.9 43.4 40.0 49.3 44.6

47.7 45.6 51.9 49.2 45.0 49.2 47.6 50.3 43.2 45.2 42.9 46.7 46.3 43.0 49.1

31.8 31.0 31.6 32.9 26.1 33.7 32.4 36.8 23.0 25.5 24.3 25.6 24.7 29.1 30.5

24.4 26.2 19.1 23.2 19.2 24.3 25.8 23.8 20.8 19.9 22.4 19.4 18.8 21.3 15.6

15.5 18.6 12.7 15.7 14.0 14.4 16.0 17.8 13.2 13.3 16.2 13.8 11.9 14.8 11.8

3.66 3.42 3.19 3.41 2.84 3.83 3.90 3.76 2.87 3.04 3.03 2.95 2.97 3.37 2.90

4.10 3.85 3.61 3.86 3.36 4.26 4.31 4.15 3.32 3.50 3.45 3.36 3.41 3.95 3.41

689 230 082 630 959 489 894 841 564 361 699 923 848 305 586

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

425

Section Five: Census Data

Table 257.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of Asian or Pacific Islander Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All Asian or Pacific Islander persons

All households with an Asian or Pacific Islander householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

United States Region and Division State

United States



Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

7 273 662

28.6

6.2

29.8

92.6

2.1

2 013 735

77.4

45.5

62.8

39.2

9.5

4.8

3.34

3.80

1 335 375 231 656 1 103 719

27.2 29.5 26.8

4.9 3.7 5.1

30.0 26.9 30.6

98.5 97.3 98.8

2.8 5.8 2.1

374 245 61 399 312 846

77.7 75.1 78.3

46.7 47.5 46.5

64.6 60.8 65.4

41.5 40.1 41.8

8.0 9.3 7.8

3.8 5.8 3.5

3.33 3.31 3.33

3.76 3.77 3.76

768 572 195 1 122 631 84 406

069 673 396 248 133 464 651

32.2 30.6 36.9 29.2 28.2 30.2 30.6

4.0 4.3 2.8 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.2

27.0 28.2 23.9 28.9 29.6 27.9 28.1

94.5 94.8 93.7 89.1 86.3 85.7 94.5

3.3 3.1 3.9 2.3 2.3 4.7 1.9

207 158 48 307 170 22 114

117 836 281 418 495 711 212

75.3 76.0 72.9 76.4 78.0 72.7 74.8

48.9 48.7 49.5 49.5 49.2 48.2 50.1

63.5 65.0 58.6 63.5 65.1 60.9 61.6

43.2 43.8 41.4 43.3 43.2 41.7 43.8

7.9 7.3 9.6 8.1 8.3 8.4 7.9

4.5 3.9 6.5 4.7 4.5 5.2 4.7

3.26 3.25 3.31 3.25 3.27 3.06 3.25

3.82 3.79 3.93 3.74 3.71 3.64 3.81

4 047 970 217 120 3 830 850

28.3 29.9 28.2

7.9 4.9 8.1

30.5 28.4 30.6

91.2 84.2 91.6

1.6 2.3 1.5

1 124 955 60 637 1 064 318

78.0 70.8 78.4

43.5 42.6 43.5

62.0 56.4 62.3

36.6 35.1 36.7

10.6 9.6 10.7

5.2 5.7 5.2

3.39 3.00 3.41

3.83 3.59 3.85

61 399 1 503 2 421 718 38 728 4 471 13 558

75.1 75.9 72.0 62.7 74.0 79.5 77.9

47.5 53.0 45.7 41.4 45.6 55.8 50.1

60.8 58.3 62.6 49.3 59.1 60.9 66.2

40.1 41.1 40.9 33.1 38.1 43.3 44.8

9.3 12.6 5.0 9.7 9.8 13.5 6.8

5.8 9.4 3.2 7.2 6.0 10.5 3.9

3.31 3.24 3.00 2.81 3.30 3.69 3.30

3.77 3.68 3.48 3.38 3.76 4.12 3.72

78.3 76.4 85.0 75.4 76.0 72.1 68.9 78.5 75.9 75.1 72.9 79.2 69.0 69.7 64.3 65.9 67.0 71.0

46.5 42.7 55.5 49.0 48.7 46.1 42.6 49.0 50.0 55.0 49.5 56.5 45.9 44.6 42.4 44.7 43.1 48.4

65.4 62.4 74.7 63.1 65.0 62.0 59.2 66.7 65.6 63.6 58.6 61.9 56.9 57.0 52.4 54.5 53.8 58.2

41.8 38.0 51.6 43.0 43.8 41.1 37.5 44.4 45.0 48.0 41.4 46.2 39.0 38.0 34.7 36.8 35.7 41.4

7.8 8.3 6.2 7.9 7.3 6.8 6.7 7.5 7.1 8.4 9.6 11.9 7.6 8.6 8.6 9.3 8.5 8.2

3.5 3.5 2.8 4.6 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 5.9 6.5 8.5 5.0 5.1 6.7 7.0 5.6 5.4

3.33 3.28 3.51 3.27 3.25 3.02 2.85 3.31 3.22 3.79 3.31 3.78 3.10 2.97 2.70 2.92 2.91 3.20

3.76 3.73 3.79 3.81 3.79 3.58 3.45 3.81 3.73 4.50 3.93 4.32 3.73 3.59 3.37 3.62 3.57 3.83

495 538 062 070 199 147 706 599 279 895 711 634 797 077 203 212 228 404 439 141

78.0 77.2 82.2 43.3 80.3 69.3 75.2 75.9 78.6 76.5 72.7 73.0 74.3 68.6 75.3 74.8 73.0 76.7 66.7 75.5

49.2 50.9 49.9 17.4 51.0 44.7 50.4 51.1 52.3 47.9 48.2 48.8 49.1 45.0 50.7 50.1 49.8 53.1 44.6 50.4

65.1 67.5 70.4 32.5 66.8 59.8 63.3 64.2 66.3 61.9 60.9 61.0 63.4 57.0 61.4 61.6 59.5 62.2 54.2 62.4

43.2 46.3 45.2 14.2 45.0 39.7 44.0 44.4 46.3 40.8 41.7 42.2 43.4 38.6 42.4 43.8 42.3 45.5 38.1 44.2

8.3 5.9 7.6 7.0 8.6 6.5 7.9 8.4 7.4 9.4 8.4 9.1 7.5 8.4 10.2 7.9 8.2 8.5 8.4 7.7

4.5 3.4 3.6 2.3 4.6 3.8 5.0 5.4 4.4 5.4 5.2 5.3 4.6 5.2 6.9 4.7 5.2 5.4 5.4 4.6

3.27 3.13 3.39 2.18 3.42 2.86 3.13 3.16 3.31 3.19 3.06 2.99 3.09 2.93 3.31 3.25 3.21 3.54 2.98 3.24

3.71 3.56 3.73 3.08 3.80 3.50 3.64 3.66 3.75 3.65 3.64 3.58 3.64 3.56 3.86 3.81 3.81 4.12 3.67 3.79

60 637 1 040 2 602 772 17 099 3 733 15 934 8 582 10 875 1 064 318 59 205 20 008 777 913 4 674 202 518

70.8 64.3 69.6 65.3 69.7 72.6 69.2 75.2 71.8 78.4 73.4 69.0 79.0 77.6 78.5

42.6 40.5 41.6 39.6 41.7 46.1 41.7 47.6 40.9 43.5 44.2 41.0 45.6 52.0 35.3

56.4 51.3 57.0 53.6 55.4 58.6 55.6 63.4 53.4 62.3 56.8 54.0 63.2 60.8 61.2

35.1 32.1 34.2 31.9 34.1 38.0 34.9 41.6 31.6 36.7 35.2 33.5 39.0 42.1 28.6

9.6 8.8 8.2 8.8 9.9 9.4 8.9 7.7 12.3 10.7 11.7 9.8 10.2 11.5 12.3

5.7 6.6 5.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.1 4.7 6.9 5.2 7.2 5.7 5.0 7.5 5.1

3.00 2.71 2.83 2.65 2.93 2.97 2.95 3.38 2.99 3.41 3.10 2.96 3.49 3.33 3.26

3.59 3.40 3.39 3.33 3.58 3.53 3.54 3.95 3.50 3.85 3.66 3.58 3.91 3.77 3.69

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

333

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

REGION AND DIVISION

   Midwest  East North Central  West North Central  South  South Atlantic  East South Central  West South Central  West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic

STATE

       Middle Atlantic  New York New Jersey  Pennsylvania East North Central  Ohio  Indiana  Illinois  Michigan  Wisconsin  West North Central  Minnesota  Iowa  Missouri  North Dakota  South Dakota  Nebraska  Kansas  South Atlantic  Delaware  Maryland  District of Columbia  Virginia  West Virginia  North Carolina  South Carolina  Georgia  Florida  East South Central  Kentucky  Tennessee  Alabama  Mississippi  West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma Texas  Mountain  Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

231 6 9 3 143 18 50

656 683 343 215 392 325 698

29.5 33.6 29.4 32.3 28.8 34.4 29.2

3.7 3.1 2.8 2.2 4.1 3.3 3.2

26.9 25.8 27.4 22.6 27.0 24.0 28.1

97.3 84.5 90.9 87.3 97.2 99.2 100.8

5.8 5.9 5.9 11.7 5.9 5.6 4.9

1 103 693 272 137 572 91 37 285 104 53 195 77 25 41 3 3 12 31

719 760 521 438 673 179 617 311 983 583 396 886 476 277 462 123 422 750

26.8 24.9 29.5 30.6 30.6 28.9 27.1 28.5 33.0 42.9 36.9 45.1 34.2 28.8 31.0 36.0 32.4 32.0

5.1 5.7 4.2 3.9 4.3 3.6 3.0 5.3 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.3 3.3 2.0 2.0 3.1 2.8

30.6 31.0 30.7 27.6 28.2 28.4 27.7 30.0 27.0 21.3 23.9 20.4 23.6 27.5 25.7 24.1 25.9 25.5

98.8 100.8 94.6 96.7 94.8 95.1 93.3 94.9 95.0 94.3 93.7 95.0 101.8 90.7 83.0 78.2 86.3 94.8

2.1 2.0 1.5 3.9 3.1 3.3 6.4 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.9 2.0 7.0 4.6 6.0 4.8 4.5 4.5

312 201 73 37 158 26 10 80 28 12 48 17 6 11

631 9 139 11 159 7 52 22 75 154 84 17 31 21 13 406 12 41 33 319

133 057 719 214 053 459 166 382 781 302 464 812 839 797 016 651 530 099 563 459

28.2 28.9 27.5 14.0 28.4 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.8 28.1 30.2 30.1 30.1 28.8 32.9 30.6 32.0 34.6 29.0 30.1

3.8 3.4 4.6 7.0 3.7 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.7 4.1 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.9 3.2 3.0 3.4 2.7 3.3

29.6 29.8 30.5 31.3 29.5 27.8 27.9 28.4 28.7 30.1 27.9 27.9 28.0 28.3 26.6 28.1 26.7 26.3 26.6 28.6

86.3 89.6 91.0 83.6 86.8 87.1 83.0 75.3 89.9 82.9 85.7 81.6 89.9 84.0 84.3 94.5 83.3 95.9 93.0 95.0

2.3 1.8 1.4 9.3 2.2 5.0 4.2 4.2 2.5 1.6 4.7 6.2 4.2 3.8 5.7 1.9 2.4 2.7 3.1 1.7

170 2 38 4 41 2 13 5 20 42 22 4 8 6 3 114 3 10 9 91

217 4 9 2 59 14 55 33 38 3 830 210 69 2 845 19 685

120 259 365 806 862 124 206 371 127 850 958 269 659 728 236

29.9 34.3 32.1 29.3 30.3 31.3 28.0 35.2 25.9 28.2 30.6 29.8 28.5 31.6 26.0

4.9 4.5 6.6 4.9 5.4 3.4 4.4 4.7 5.1 8.1 6.1 5.3 7.1 4.3 13.0

28.4 25.7 27.1 28.9 28.4 28.8 28.6 25.0 31.6 30.6 28.7 27.1 30.2 29.6 33.7

84.2 71.9 89.0 72.0 84.2 75.0 87.2 94.5 77.2 91.6 82.9 91.2 92.1 85.0 92.8

2.3 4.8 3.7 3.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.7 1.2 1.5 2.0 3.8 1.4 7.0 1.7

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

426

846 644 840 362 836 824 853 671 204 284 281 198 287 584 879 712 3 264 8 357

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 258.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Characteristics of Hispanic Origin Persons and Households: 1990

[Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All Hispanic origin persons

All households with an Hispanic origin householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

United States Region and Division State

United States



Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

22 354 059

34.7

5.2

25.5

103.3

2.3

6 001 718

79.8

50.5

54.9

35.5

17.7

11.6

3.53

3.88

3 754 389 568 240 3 186 149

31.8 36.6 30.9

5.3 3.9 5.6

27.1 24.2 27.7

93.2 94.7 93.0

3.1 3.7 3.0

1 108 546 162 603 945 943

77.0 77.3 76.9

47.1 52.9 46.1

42.7 40.2 43.1

25.3 25.3 25.3

27.3 30.7 26.7

18.6 24.5 17.6

3.23 3.26 3.23

3.61 3.61 3.61

1 726 509 1 437 720 288 789 6 767 021 2 132 751 95 285 4 538 985

37.6 37.3 38.9 33.7 26.2 32.1 37.2

4.1 4.0 4.8 6.6 9.3 6.1 5.4

24.0 24.1 23.5 26.5 30.2 26.3 24.6

110.5 110.9 108.2 99.6 99.7 108.7 99.3

2.2 2.0 3.4 2.0 2.9 7.9 1.5

458 378 79 1 911 666 27 1 216

637 646 991 556 738 987 831

78.6 79.7 73.5 79.9 76.4 72.4 81.9

51.8 52.7 47.3 48.8 40.4 42.0 53.6

55.5 55.7 54.3 59.4 56.9 56.1 60.8

37.2 37.8 34.6 37.4 30.6 32.6 41.3

15.9 16.4 13.7 14.7 13.3 12.2 15.6

11.2 11.5 9.8 8.9 7.3 7.6 9.8

3.46 3.54 3.07 3.41 3.09 2.81 3.59

3.87 3.93 3.58 3.81 3.46 3.32 3.99

10 106 140 1 991 732 8 114 408

36.0 37.0 35.7

4.4 5.7 4.1

24.5 25.2 24.4

109.1 100.6 111.3

2.2 2.0 2.3

2 522 979 577 233 1 945 746

81.2 77.6 82.3

53.0 49.4 54.1

56.9 54.8 57.5

38.3 34.5 39.4

16.1 16.4 16.0

10.7 11.3 10.5

3.78 3.23 3.94

4.06 3.67 4.17

568 6 11 3 287 45 213

240 829 333 661 549 752 116

36.6 36.9 34.8 30.1 37.3 35.2 36.3

3.9 4.5 3.7 6.9 3.6 4.1 4.1

24.2 24.2 25.3 26.0 23.7 24.5 24.6

94.7 99.7 107.9 97.1 94.5 97.6 93.4

3.7 6.5 4.6 10.7 3.9 2.8 3.3

162 1 3 1 81 13 61

603 880 255 147 649 092 580

77.3 69.1 73.7 65.3 76.7 78.6 78.6

52.9 43.4 46.9 37.1 53.5 54.4 52.8

40.2 54.8 56.3 50.6 37.4 42.1 42.0

25.3 32.6 35.5 27.4 23.9 27.9 25.8

30.7 10.5 12.0 11.1 32.9 28.8 30.2

24.5 8.0 8.8 7.8 26.5 22.8 23.7

3.26 2.78 2.98 2.55 3.29 3.38 3.25

3.61 3.28 3.40 3.07 3.64 3.69 3.59

3 186 149 2 214 026 739 861 232 262 1 437 720 139 696 98 788 904 446 201 596 93 194 288 789 53 884 32 647 61 702 4 665 5 252 36 969 93 670

30.9 30.5 30.1 37.1 37.3 37.6 37.1 36.6 38.3 42.2 38.9 41.8 39.4 34.5 44.8 44.1 39.8 39.2

5.6 5.8 5.2 4.8 4.0 5.3 5.3 3.5 5.0 3.6 4.8 3.6 5.3 6.2 2.9 4.9 4.8 4.5

27.7 27.9 27.9 24.3 24.1 24.7 24.6 24.1 24.0 21.9 23.5 22.2 22.8 26.0 20.4 20.7 23.2 23.1

93.0 90.5 98.6 100.2 110.9 96.7 103.5 116.5 101.2 110.0 108.2 107.7 106.6 101.8 101.2 98.8 109.8 114.1

3.0 3.1 2.1 5.0 2.0 2.4 2.9 1.6 2.6 2.8 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.7 5.4 4.7 2.4 3.3

945 665 215 65 378 41 27 229 55 24 79 14 8 18 1 1 10 25

943 079 526 338 646 119 571 993 798 165 991 039 926 444 138 321 517 606

76.9 75.8 80.4 76.3 79.7 75.1 77.6 81.9 76.1 76.9 73.5 71.4 72.4 70.8 74.3 71.8 73.6 77.1

46.1 44.9 48.6 50.1 52.7 47.2 48.7 55.2 48.0 53.6 47.3 48.0 46.2 41.4 52.0 49.3 47.8 50.9

43.1 40.1 52.3 43.4 55.7 52.2 57.7 57.4 52.5 51.3 54.3 49.0 52.8 53.8 59.4 52.4 53.6 58.3

25.3 23.3 31.1 26.7 37.8 31.4 36.0 40.8 32.1 34.7 34.6 32.1 32.6 31.2 40.9 35.0 34.6 38.8

26.7 28.7 20.4 26.0 16.4 17.8 14.5 15.6 18.1 19.6 13.7 16.7 14.0 12.4 12.2 14.3 13.8 12.9

17.6 18.7 13.8 19.5 11.5 13.0 10.0 10.6 13.1 15.6 9.8 12.8 10.6 7.9 9.4 11.1 10.2 9.0

3.23 3.20 3.33 3.21 3.54 3.04 3.22 3.77 3.16 3.37 3.07 3.06 3.03 2.86 3.08 2.96 3.10 3.25

3.61 3.60 3.63 3.63 3.93 3.53 3.68 4.10 3.61 3.82 3.58 3.58 3.52 3.42 3.60 3.52 3.61 3.69

2 132 15 125 32 160 8 76 30 108 1 574 95 21 32 24 15 4 538 19 93 86 4 339

751 820 102 710 288 489 726 551 922 143 285 984 741 629 931 985 876 044 160 905

26.2 35.3 29.0 22.2 29.3 30.5 31.2 31.9 30.0 24.9 32.1 32.3 31.4 32.2 33.1 37.2 37.5 28.8 40.2 37.3

9.3 3.8 4.4 4.8 3.3 9.8 3.7 4.1 3.6 11.2 6.1 5.7 5.4 6.4 7.9 5.4 4.7 8.5 3.8 5.3

30.2 24.6 27.4 28.1 26.3 29.2 24.5 25.1 25.5 32.1 26.3 25.8 26.2 26.8 26.4 24.6 23.7 29.5 22.8 24.6

99.7 113.3 101.3 105.0 112.5 97.6 142.6 118.0 138.6 94.4 108.7 113.6 112.7 107.9 95.9 99.3 112.5 96.2 113.6 99.1

2.9 2.8 2.5 4.9 3.8 5.9 9.0 9.3 7.6 2.0 7.9 11.9 7.4 6.4 5.7 1.5 4.2 4.1 3.3 1.4

666 4 34 10 43 2 21 8 29 510 27 6 9 7 4 1 216 5 29 23 1 158

738 497 404 455 756 785 533 586 873 849 987 220 649 373 745 831 350 990 481 010

76.4 76.1 77.6 57.7 76.1 69.4 74.2 74.2 73.9 77.0 72.4 72.5 71.9 72.5 73.2 81.9 74.4 72.7 76.4 82.3

40.4 49.2 46.5 30.8 47.0 36.0 46.3 45.8 45.1 38.9 42.0 43.9 41.3 42.2 40.6 53.6 46.6 40.2 51.8 54.1

56.9 51.9 56.7 32.8 56.8 55.4 57.3 57.5 56.5 57.5 56.1 58.0 56.0 56.8 52.8 60.8 57.6 54.7 58.2 61.1

30.6 33.4 35.5 19.1 36.9 28.4 36.1 35.6 36.0 29.3 32.6 35.0 32.3 33.5 28.8 41.3 36.7 30.8 39.6 41.6

13.3 16.1 13.3 15.4 11.8 10.9 10.6 11.9 10.6 13.7 12.2 10.8 11.8 11.7 15.4 15.6 11.5 13.3 12.6 15.7

7.3 11.8 8.0 8.2 7.4 6.0 7.5 7.9 6.8 7.3 7.6 7.1 7.4 6.8 9.7 9.8 7.7 7.3 9.2 9.9

3.09 3.28 3.35 2.86 3.32 2.62 3.04 2.96 3.22 3.06 2.81 2.78 2.80 2.83 2.85 3.59 3.09 2.89 3.19 3.62

3.46 3.65 3.61 3.48 3.58 3.19 3.40 3.40 3.57 3.44 3.32 3.31 3.29 3.35 3.36 3.99 3.57 3.44 3.68 4.01

1 991 12 52 25 424 579 688 84 124 8 114 214 112 7 687 17 81

732 174 927 751 302 224 338 597 419 408 570 707 938 803 390

37.0 42.0 42.5 40.3 36.0 35.1 38.6 41.5 34.0 35.7 40.2 38.8 35.6 37.9 38.3

5.7 4.7 3.0 5.5 5.7 7.3 5.1 4.0 4.3 4.1 2.9 3.5 4.1 1.5 5.2

25.2 22.6 21.7 24.1 25.9 26.9 24.0 22.3 25.6 24.4 22.6 23.0 24.5 24.0 24.4

100.6 102.0 130.6 101.8 99.4 95.0 100.6 105.7 119.4 111.3 120.4 134.5 110.8 121.8 103.9

2.0 3.7 3.3 2.0 2.2 1.5 2.0 2.9 1.5 2.3 3.5 4.8 2.2 7.9 3.5

577 3 13 7 130 178 184 22 35 1 945 55 28 1 836 4 20

233 374 464 662 704 709 942 720 658 746 706 204 989 671 176

77.6 71.2 79.3 75.1 75.0 77.9 79.8 77.7 74.3 82.3 75.5 74.7 82.7 72.7 78.6

49.4 46.5 56.0 49.0 47.0 47.9 52.3 52.9 46.0 54.1 51.9 50.4 54.3 51.4 47.9

54.8 51.0 60.7 55.3 51.5 55.9 55.8 55.6 54.2 57.5 54.2 53.5 57.6 54.8 57.2

34.5 31.1 43.7 35.0 31.1 33.9 36.5 37.1 34.5 39.4 37.2 36.4 39.6 38.6 34.7

16.4 15.4 11.7 14.3 17.9 15.9 17.1 16.4 11.8 16.0 13.8 12.6 16.1 11.6 15.8

11.3 12.2 9.0 10.7 12.8 10.4 11.8 12.6 7.8 10.5 10.7 9.5 10.5 9.2 10.6

3.23 2.85 3.53 2.98 3.02 3.10 3.49 3.27 3.26 3.94 3.38 3.41 3.97 3.05 3.39

3.67 3.39 3.93 3.48 3.50 3.53 3.89 3.70 3.67 4.17 3.82 3.79 4.19 3.52 3.76

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

REGION AND DIVISION

   Midwest  East North Central  West North Central  South  South Atlantic  East South Central  West South Central  West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic

STATE

       Middle Atlantic  New York New Jersey  Pennsylvania East North Central  Ohio  Indiana  Illinois  Michigan  Wisconsin  West North Central  Minnesota  Iowa  Missouri  North Dakota  South Dakota  Nebraska  Kansas  South Atlantic  Delaware  Maryland  District of Columbia  Virginia  West Virginia  North Carolina  South Carolina  Georgia  Florida  East South Central  Kentucky  Tennessee  Alabama  Mississippi  West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma Texas  Mountain  Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

334

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

427

Section Five: Census Data

Table 259.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Characteristics of White, Not of Hispanic Origin Persons and Households: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All White, not of Hispanic origin persons

All households with a White, not of Hispanic origin householder

Percent of all persons

Family households as a percent of all households

United States Region and Division State

United States



Married-couple family

Persons per

Female householder, no husband present

Total

Under 18 years

65 years and over

Median age

Persons 18 years and over Males per 100 females

188 128 296

23.3

14.4

34.9

92.0

2.5

73 633 749

69.2

31.1

57.8

25.4

8.6

4.5

2.51

3.03

40 366 823 11 765 610 28 601 213

21.7 22.0 21.7

15.6 14.4 16.0

35.8 34.8 36.2

89.5 89.9 89.3

2.8 3.2 2.6

15 596 132 4 505 486 11 090 646

68.7 68.5 68.7

29.4 30.4 29.0

56.5 55.9 56.7

24.3 24.7 24.2

9.2 9.6 9.0

4.1 4.7 3.8

2.53 2.54 2.52

3.08 3.07 3.08

51 35 16 61 31 11 17

270 700 570 202 812 018 372

24.9 24.6 25.5 23.0 21.8 24.1 24.3

14.0 13.7 14.6 14.4 15.3 13.5 13.4

34.0 34.1 33.9 35.0 35.6 34.4 34.2

91.2 91.1 91.4 92.2 92.6 90.8 92.5

2.6 2.4 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4

19 13 6 24 12 4 6

689 969 720 967 448 625 894

70.1 70.5 69.3 70.6 69.9 73.5 70.0

33.0 32.9 33.3 31.3 29.6 33.8 32.6

58.9 58.8 59.1 59.7 59.1 61.8 59.4

27.0 26.8 27.4 25.9 24.5 28.1 26.9

8.5 8.9 7.7 8.3 8.1 9.1 8.1

4.8 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.5

2.55 2.57 2.52 2.48 2.45 2.54 2.48

3.08 3.09 3.06 2.97 2.93 3.01 3.01

35 227 001 10 642 155 24 584 846

23.3 26.1 22.1

13.6 12.7 13.9

34.8 33.5 35.3

95.7 95.4 95.9

2.4 2.1 2.5

14 142 961 4 150 892 9 992 069

66.1 68.2 65.2

29.9 32.7 28.8

54.5 57.2 53.3

23.5 26.2 22.4

8.5 8.2 8.7

4.9 5.1 4.9

2.47 2.54 2.44

3.00 3.09 2.97

11 765 610 1 203 357 1 079 484 552 184 5 280 292 896 109 2 754 184

22.0 25.0 24.9 25.3 21.0 21.1 20.9

14.4 13.5 11.5 11.9 14.8 16.2 15.2

34.8 34.1 33.0 33.2 34.8 35.2 36.1

89.9 91.3 93.1 92.6 88.5 87.9 91.2

3.2 2.9 2.8 3.7 3.4 3.7 2.9

486 677 540 630 735 438 466

68.5 70.6 71.2 68.9 66.9 67.9 69.7

30.4 34.5 35.3 35.0 29.0 29.2 29.1

55.9 58.2 59.7 56.6 53.6 54.6 58.2

24.7 27.1 28.9 27.4 23.3 23.3 24.5

9.6 9.5 8.4 9.1 10.3 10.3 8.7

4.7 5.9 4.9 5.8 4.8 5.0 3.7

2.54 2.55 2.61 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.52

3.07 3.03 3.08 3.06 3.10 3.05 3.03

28 12 5 10 35 9 4 8 7 4 16 4 2 4

601 460 718 422 074 444 965 550 649 464 100 101 663 448 601 634 1 460 2 190

213 189 966 058 700 622 242 208 951 677 570 266 840 465 592 788 095 524

21.7 21.2 21.1 22.5 24.6 24.8 25.4 23.2 25.0 25.0 25.5 25.7 25.4 24.7 26.5 26.9 26.3 25.6

16.0 15.9 15.8 16.3 13.7 13.6 13.1 14.7 12.8 14.2 14.6 13.1 15.8 14.9 14.9 15.7 14.8 14.8

36.2 36.2 36.7 35.9 34.1 34.0 33.5 35.0 33.6 33.9 33.9 33.1 34.5 34.4 33.2 33.7 33.7 34.0

89.3 89.5 90.2 88.7 91.1 89.9 90.8 90.7 92.1 92.7 91.4 92.8 89.9 89.8 97.1 93.8 91.3 91.9

2.6 2.8 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.6 3.5 2.7 3.7 3.6 2.9 3.1

090 892 181 016 391 598 874 340 878 699 236 572 031 735 230 244 565 856

646 998 225 423 969 377 351 992 531 718 720 087 485 995 846 158 851 298

68.7 66.2 71.4 70.4 70.5 71.2 71.8 68.5 71.6 69.7 69.3 68.5 69.6 70.0 68.7 69.1 68.9 69.5

29.0 27.9 29.2 30.2 32.9 33.2 34.4 30.7 33.8 33.2 33.3 34.0 32.9 32.5 34.5 34.3 33.7 33.2

56.7 54.2 59.5 58.3 58.8 59.0 60.2 57.4 59.1 59.0 59.1 58.0 59.7 59.1 59.7 60.0 59.3 59.7

24.2 23.1 25.1 25.0 26.8 26.9 28.0 25.6 27.1 27.3 27.4 28.0 27.0 26.6 29.3 28.7 28.1 27.4

9.0 8.9 8.9 9.1 8.9 9.4 8.9 8.3 9.6 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.6 8.3 6.5 6.7 7.3 7.4

3.8 3.8 3.3 4.1 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.0 5.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6

2.52 2.49 2.58 2.53 2.57 2.57 2.58 2.51 2.62 2.57 2.52 2.56 2.50 2.50 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.49

3.08 3.09 3.09 3.06 3.09 3.09 3.08 3.07 3.11 3.09 3.06 3.10 3.04 3.03 3.10 3.09 3.09 3.03

31 820 528 3 326 166 4 701 1 718 4 971 2 390 4 543 9 475 11 990 3 378 4 027 2 960 1 624 17 548 1 933 2 776 2 547 10 291

812 092 109 131 650 896 127 056 425 326 018 022 631 167 198 372 082 022 588 680

21.8 22.6 22.4 9.0 22.8 24.5 22.0 23.2 24.1 19.3 24.1 25.4 23.4 23.5 24.5 24.3 24.3 25.8 24.4 23.9

15.3 13.4 12.8 14.0 11.6 15.1 13.2 12.6 11.3 21.7 13.5 13.0 13.5 13.9 14.1 13.4 15.8 12.5 14.9 12.8

35.6 34.2 34.8 35.1 33.9 35.6 34.8 34.2 33.5 39.4 34.4 33.5 34.8 35.0 34.6 34.2 35.5 33.2 35.0 34.1

92.6 91.6 93.0 93.6 94.7 88.5 93.0 94.1 93.4 91.2 90.8 90.4 90.7 91.0 91.3 92.5 90.5 92.0 90.8 93.5

2.5 2.7 2.1 11.3 2.9 1.9 3.1 3.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.4

12 695 202 1 274 83 1 813 661 1 966 918 1 740 4 033 4 619 1 274 1 569 1 154 620 6 950 757 1 048 1 017 4 127

448 842 425 580 597 849 277 437 452 989 625 678 905 468 574 894 117 479 927 371

69.9 70.8 70.8 31.7 70.7 72.9 71.9 73.2 72.4 66.7 73.5 74.0 73.0 73.4 73.9 70.0 73.4 72.0 70.6 68.7

29.6 31.2 31.3 10.7 32.4 34.0 31.4 33.0 34.0 24.0 33.8 35.8 32.7 32.9 34.3 32.6 32.9 35.2 32.9 31.9

59.1 59.4 59.2 26.6 60.2 59.8 61.2 62.1 61.5 56.4 61.8 61.1 61.1 62.8 63.0 59.4 62.9 60.5 59.6 58.4

24.5 25.8 26.1 9.0 27.3 27.4 26.2 27.7 28.6 19.1 28.1 29.1 27.0 28.0 29.1 26.9 27.3 29.4 26.5 26.4

8.1 8.5 8.5 3.7 7.9 10.2 8.1 8.3 8.3 7.6 9.1 10.1 9.2 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.0 8.7 8.5 7.8

4.0 4.2 4.0 1.3 3.9 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.6 5.5 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.6 5.1 4.4

2.45 2.54 2.57 1.80 2.53 2.55 2.46 2.53 2.56 2.30 2.54 2.59 2.51 2.52 2.55 2.48 2.50 2.59 2.47 2.46

2.93 3.02 3.04 2.65 3.00 3.04 2.92 2.98 3.03 2.78 3.01 3.06 2.98 2.99 3.03 3.01 2.97 3.11 2.99 3.00

10 642 733 928 412 2 658 764 2 626 1 571 946 24 584 4 221 2 579 17 029 406 347

155 878 661 711 945 164 185 254 357 846 622 732 126 722 644

26.1 26.6 29.9 29.0 24.2 23.3 22.3 36.1 22.6 22.1 24.5 24.5 20.9 28.9 22.2

12.7 14.1 12.7 10.9 11.0 14.5 16.2 9.1 12.2 13.9 12.9 14.7 14.4 4.1 9.5

33.5 34.8 32.4 32.8 33.9 36.2 35.6 26.7 35.2 35.3 34.3 35.6 35.7 30.8 32.8

95.4 95.2 94.8 97.9 95.0 93.8 94.0 94.3 102.7 95.9 95.2 92.5 95.7 116.7 118.0

2.1 2.9 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.5 3.3 5.5

4 150 288 339 156 1 079 317 1 084 496 388 9 992 1 684 1 028 6 995 150 132

892 053 756 722 056 576 721 808 200 069 243 739 757 833 497

68.2 68.7 72.7 70.7 65.7 67.9 66.3 76.5 64.8 65.2 67.1 67.9 64.2 69.3 66.7

32.7 33.7 37.1 37.6 31.9 30.8 27.9 44.7 28.4 28.8 31.9 31.2 27.3 41.3 32.6

57.2 58.3 62.4 60.2 54.9 57.0 55.3 65.5 52.3 53.3 55.6 56.1 52.2 58.1 55.7

26.2 27.0 30.3 30.5 25.4 24.3 21.7 37.7 21.6 22.4 24.8 23.9 21.3 33.2 26.4

8.2 7.7 7.7 7.7 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.7 7.5 7.6

5.1 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.8 5.0 4.9 5.5 5.5 4.6 5.7 4.6

2.54 2.49 2.69 2.60 2.43 2.42 2.40 3.14 2.42 2.44 2.48 2.48 2.42 2.69 2.61

3.09 3.04 3.20 3.13 3.00 2.95 2.93 3.66 2.95 2.97 3.00 2.98 2.95 3.21 3.09

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

335

Percent in group quarters

Total

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Total

With own children under 18 years

Household

Family

REGION AND DIVISION

   Midwest  East North Central  West North Central  South  South Atlantic  East South Central  West South Central  West  Mountain  Pacific  Northeast New England Middle Atlantic

175 074 100 359 820 990 548

628 391 236 265 695 619 950

STATE

       Middle Atlantic  New York New Jersey  Pennsylvania East North Central  Ohio  Indiana  Illinois  Michigan  Wisconsin  West North Central  Minnesota  Iowa  Missouri  North Dakota  South Dakota  Nebraska  Kansas  South Atlantic  Delaware  Maryland  District of Columbia  Virginia  West Virginia  North Carolina  South Carolina  Georgia  Florida  East South Central  Kentucky  Tennessee  Alabama  Mississippi  West South Central  Arkansas  Louisiana  Oklahoma Texas  Mountain  Montana  Idaho  Wyoming  Colorado  New Mexico  Arizona  Utah  Nevada  Pacific  Washington  Oregon  California  Alaska  Hawaii  New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

428

4 505 458 402 207 2 024 346 1 065 11 4 2 4 13 3 1 3 2 1 6 1 1 1

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Section Five: Census Data

1990 CP-2-1

1990 Census of Population Social and Economic Characteristics

United States

429

Section Five: Census Data

Table 1.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of Social Characteristics: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

United States



Persons 25 years and over

Persons 5 years and over Percent who speak a language other than English at home Native persons Percent born in State of residence

Percent living in different house in 1985

Percent living in different State or abroad in 1985

Persons enrolled in elementary or high school Percent in private school

Persons 16 to 19 years Percent not enrolled in school and not high school graduate

Persons 18 to 24 years Percent enrolled in college

Percent high school graduate or higher

Percent with bachelor’s degree or higher

Persons under 18 years Percent living with two parents

Children ever born per 1,000 women 35 to 44 years

Total

Percent foreign born

Foreign born persons Percent entered 1980 to 1990

Total

And do not speak English " very well"

248 709 873

7.9

43.8

67.1

46.7

11.6

13.8

6.1

9.8

11.2

34.4

75.2

20.3

71.8

1 960

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

           

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural Rural farm

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50 3

051 258 847 410 793 826 967 658 047 802 808 871

543 042 231 811 501 325 176 330 131 263 936 583

9.9 11.0 12.5 9.6 3.6 4.1 3.2 2.0 2.4 1.1 2.1 1.5

44.7 45.0 48.8 40.2 39.8 41.9 37.2 30.5 33.0 29.3 30.2 28.6

64.6 63.5 64.5 62.6 69.8 68.7 70.9 74.3 74.2 77.8 74.0 82.9

49.2 49.1 50.5 47.6 49.7 52.4 47.3 39.3 41.9 37.4 39.0 20.5

12.8 13.0 13.1 12.9 11.7 12.5 10.9 7.9 8.4 6.8 7.9 2.9

16.4 17.6 21.0 14.4 9.5 10.1 8.9 6.0 7.2 5.8 5.9 6.5

7.3 8.0 10.0 6.0 3.8 4.1 3.5 2.2 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.6

11.2 12.2 12.7 11.6 5.9 6.4 5.5 6.3 4.6 4.0 6.7 9.7

11.3 11.4 13.4 9.3 10.6 10.1 11.2 11.0 11.2 10.5 11.0 9.0

37.1 36.6 38.3 34.5 39.8 46.7 31.3 23.4 24.1 18.8 23.6 26.7

76.6 77.4 73.1 81.6 71.8 73.0 70.8 71.2 70.0 67.6 71.6 73.7

22.6 23.7 21.9 25.5 16.0 17.7 14.6 13.6 13.1 9.9 13.9 13.2

68.9 68.6 60.0 77.2 70.1 69.2 70.8 79.9 73.7 74.7 81.1 89.6

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

904 868 884 854 122 093 149 128 172 300 112 403

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

726 844 882 439 754 685 442 983 850 520 329 873 456 133

330 025 305 931 528 403 374 543 368 613 755 735 020 175

9.7 12.5 7.8 9.2 9.7 5.2 2.8 2.0 3.0 3.9 2.9 3.4 2.4 1.4

44.3 48.9 39.4 40.3 40.3 40.3 30.3 35.3 39.0 35.8 39.3 41.9 35.5 30.8

65.0 64.7 65.3 63.1 62.7 67.1 72.1 73.7 70.0 56.0 71.0 69.7 72.5 75.9

48.0 50.3 46.4 48.1 47.8 50.8 40.9 42.3 49.6 55.8 49.1 51.8 46.4 38.0

12.3 13.0 11.8 12.8 12.9 12.2 8.3 9.2 12.0 19.0 11.4 12.4 10.4 7.6

15.9 21.0 12.4 14.2 14.5 11.4 6.6 6.7 8.5 7.1 8.6 9.2 8.1 5.6

7.1 10.1 5.1 5.9 6.0 4.8 2.5 2.5 3.2 2.3 3.3 3.6 3.0 2.0

11.3 12.8 10.3 11.1 11.6 6.4 7.9 5.4 5.7 6.3 5.7 6.4 5.0 5.2

11.2 13.4 9.7 9.5 9.3 11.3 10.1 11.1 10.3 8.8 10.4 9.5 11.5 11.7

35.2 38.2 32.7 34.3 34.3 33.7 26.5 31.1 42.9 52.1 42.0 49.9 30.5 21.0

77.0 73.0 79.6 80.8 81.5 74.0 75.6 69.2 71.3 78.7 70.8 72.6 68.9 67.9

22.5 21.9 22.8 24.6 25.5 16.8 16.8 12.9 16.0 21.9 15.6 17.5 13.6 11.1

70.9 59.8 78.1 76.8 77.1 73.7 82.3 74.7 68.6 71.0 68.4 68.2 68.6 78.1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

901 881 914 878 856 098 030 183 127 986 139 100 179 214

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

430

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

1

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of Labor Force and Commuting Characteristics: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area United States

Persons 16 years and over Percent in labor force



Female

Own children under 6 years in families and subfamilies

Employed persons 16 years and over Percent at work 35 or more hours in reference week

Living with two parents Percent with both parents in labor force

Living with one parent Percent with parent in labor force

Civilian labor force Percent unemployed

Total

Male

Workers 16 years and over

Female

Percent government workers (local, State, or Federal)

Percent in manufacturing industries

Percent in carpools

Percent using public transportation

Mean travel time to work (minutes)

Total

Male

Total

With own children under 6 years

65.3

74.4

56.8

59.7

55.5

60.0

6.3

77.3

84.5

68.7

15.2

17.7

13.4

5.3

22.3

65.9 66.8 64.7 68.9 60.8 61.6 60.2 63.3 59.6 58.3 64.2 65.2

75.1 75.9 73.3 78.4 70.4 70.7 70.1 72.6 69.6 68.4 73.3 77.4

57.6 58.5 57.0 60.1 52.5 53.5 51.5 54.2 50.9 49.4 55.1 52.3

59.6 59.4 58.2 60.5 61.2 61.5 60.9 59.9 61.6 61.7 59.6 61.3

55.6 55.3 55.2 55.4 57.1 57.4 56.8 55.2 57.6 57.8 54.7 56.4

59.2 58.9 54.9 67.0 60.8 60.6 61.0 64.1 61.8 61.0 65.0 67.4

6.4 6.3 7.8 4.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.0 6.6 7.2 5.8 3.1

77.3 77.7 77.1 78.3 74.7 73.8 75.5 77.3 76.1 75.8 77.5 75.4

84.3 84.5 82.8 86.1 82.7 81.7 83.7 85.3 84.6 84.3 85.5 82.8

69.3 69.9 70.7 69.3 65.4 64.9 65.9 66.8 66.0 65.4 67.0 63.6

15.3 15.0 16.3 13.8 17.3 17.9 16.6 14.8 16.4 17.1 14.4 12.3

16.5 16.0 15.1 16.9 19.3 18.7 19.8 21.5 20.8 21.5 21.6 12.9

12.9 12.7 13.4 12.0 14.6 14.1 15.1 14.7 15.3 16.1 14.6 10.2

6.7 7.7 11.7 4.0 .9 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .4 .6 .4

22.2 23.0 22.4 23.6 17.2 16.2 18.1 23.0 19.8 20.6 23.6 21.0

66.7 64.7 68.0 68.4 68.9 63.8 66.7 60.4 59.7 62.3 59.5 60.6 58.3 60.8

75.8 73.3 77.5 78.0 78.4 74.0 75.9 69.6 68.8 70.2 68.6 69.3 67.9 70.1

58.2 57.0 59.1 59.5 60.1 54.5 57.5 51.8 51.8 55.0 51.5 52.9 50.0 51.8

59.4 58.2 60.2 60.3 60.4 59.7 59.6 60.8 61.9 62.3 61.9 61.9 61.9 60.1

55.2 55.2 55.2 55.4 55.4 55.1 54.8 56.4 58.1 57.7 58.1 58.0 58.3 55.5

59.7 54.8 66.5 66.2 66.8 62.4 67.5 61.4 60.5 62.1 60.3 60.2 60.5 62.2

6.1 7.8 5.0 5.0 4.9 6.4 5.1 6.9 7.3 6.3 7.4 7.3 7.5 6.7

77.7 77.1 78.1 78.2 78.4 76.5 77.8 75.7 73.7 72.5 73.8 72.7 75.0 76.9

84.8 82.8 86.0 85.9 86.1 84.7 86.2 83.5 81.7 80.1 81.8 80.6 83.1 84.6

69.4 70.7 68.6 69.1 69.3 66.8 66.7 66.0 64.8 64.0 64.8 63.9 65.8 66.8

14.9 16.3 13.9 13.9 13.8 15.5 13.9 16.5 18.1 18.1 18.1 18.7 17.4 15.5

16.8 15.1 17.9 17.1 16.9 19.2 20.7 21.0 19.0 14.9 19.3 18.6 20.2 22.2

12.9 13.3 12.6 12.4 12.1 15.2 13.4 15.2 14.2 12.6 14.3 13.6 15.1 15.8

6.5 11.8 3.1 3.8 4.0 1.0 .7 .6 .9 1.7 .8 1.0 .6 .5

23.2 22.3 23.7 23.5 23.7 21.6 24.7 19.2 15.3 17.0 15.1 14.6 15.8 21.5

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE

           

Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural Rural farm

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA

             

Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

2

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

431

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of Occupation, Income, and Poverty Characteristics: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area United States

Manageri- Technical, al and sales, and profesadminissional trative specialty support occupaoccupations tions

Service occupations

Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

Median income in 1989 of year-round full-time workers (dollars)

Median income in 1989 (dollars)

Percent of employed persons 16 years and over

Precision producOperation, tors, fabcraft, and ricators, repair oc- and laborcupations ers

Income in 1989 below poverty level

Percent of persons for whom poverty status is determined

Households

Families

Per capita income in 1989 (dollars)

Male

Female

All ages

Related children under 18 years

65 years and over

Percent of families

26.4

31.7

13.2

2.5

11.3

14.9

30 056

35 225

14 420

29 237

19 570

13.1

17.9

12.8

10.0

28.3 29.1 27.4 30.7 23.3 24.4 22.2 20.4 20.8 17.6 20.5 15.0

33.4 34.1 33.1 35.1 29.2 30.0 28.4 26.3 27.1 24.5 26.4 18.7

13.5 13.2 15.3 11.3 15.5 15.7 15.4 12.3 15.1 15.7 11.7 8.1

1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 2.4 2.0 2.7 6.4 3.3 4.7 7.0 36.0

10.3 10.0 9.5 10.5 11.9 11.1 12.5 14.7 13.7 14.3 14.8 8.8

13.3 12.6 13.7 11.5 17.8 16.7 18.8 19.9 20.1 23.3 19.7 13.4

30 32 26 37 23 23 23 27 23 20 28 29

782 002 784 944 859 989 741 460 503 917 849 505

36 38 32 43 29 30 29 31 28 25 32 31

672 233 146 680 645 149 192 463 872 785 217 971

15 15 13 17 11 11 11 12 11 10 12 13

084 707 838 562 661 724 602 408 393 128 719 672

30 30 27 33 25 25 25 26 25 22 26 23

302 855 172 374 853 965 751 338 356 559 686 341

20 21 20 21 16 16 16 16 15 14 16 15

461 042 122 840 347 534 167 473 867 672 676 189

13.2 12.6 17.9 7.3 16.6 17.1 16.1 13.0 15.2 17.1 12.3 11.6

18.5 17.8 26.1 9.8 21.9 22.1 21.7 16.3 20.1 21.8 15.4 16.4

11.6 10.8 13.9 7.6 15.4 14.7 15.9 16.3 16.6 19.4 15.8 10.1

9.9 9.5 14.0 5.3 12.5 12.6 12.4 10.1 11.7 13.2 9.6 9.0

28.1 27.4 28.5 30.0 30.6 23.7 23.5 19.8 23.3 27.2 23.0 24.3 21.5 17.8

33.3 33.1 33.4 34.6 35.1 30.2 29.0 25.8 28.8 31.4 28.6 29.7 27.4 24.1

13.0 15.3 11.5 11.6 11.3 14.0 11.3 14.2 16.2 15.3 16.3 16.3 16.3 13.1

1.5 1.1 1.8 1.1 1.0 2.9 4.3 6.0 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.6 8.2

10.8 9.4 11.6 10.7 10.5 12.6 14.8 13.4 11.5 10.7 11.5 10.8 12.3 14.6

13.4 13.8 13.1 11.9 11.5 16.6 17.2 20.7 18.1 13.8 18.4 17.0 19.9 22.2

32 26 36 37 38 28 33 23 22 26 21 22 21 23

086 727 314 007 003 702 814 075 184 132 925 483 365 648

37 32 41 42 43 33 37 27 27 31 27 28 26 27

896 076 407 550 726 823 552 591 923 973 599 681 712 430

15 13 16 17 17 12 14 10 11 12 11 11 10 10

442 839 527 097 550 934 624 904 200 967 061 323 786 729

30 27 32 32 33 28 30 23 24 26 24 25 24 23

707 121 073 748 433 593 300 873 727 304 577 061 043 412

20 20 21 21 21 17 18 15 15 17 15 15 15 15

660 114 008 576 861 953 473 307 710 044 594 991 162 063

12.1 18.0 8.1 7.8 7.3 12.6 8.9 16.8 18.2 15.1 18.4 18.5 18.4 16.0

16.8 26.2 10.7 10.6 9.8 16.8 11.1 21.6 23.9 18.3 24.3 23.8 24.8 20.3

11.0 14.0 8.9 8.1 7.6 12.2 12.0 17.8 16.4 11.2 16.7 15.6 17.8 18.7

9.0 14.1 6.0 5.7 5.3 9.4 6.7 13.0 13.7 10.1 14.0 13.6 14.4 12.6

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural Rural farm

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

432

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

3

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 40.

Section Five: Census Data

Age, Sex, Ability to Speak English, and Disability by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

AGE AND SEX All persons Under 3 years 3 and 4 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Female Under 3 years 3 and 4 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Median age for all persons Male Female

248 10 7 18 17 10 7 18 21 22 19 17 13 11 10 10 18 12 127 5 3 8 8 4 3 9 10 11 10 8 7 5 5 5 10 8

709 924 339 126 151 064 589 645 286 180 939 679 977 488 484 635 218 976 537 328 585 836 363 874 719 176 614 142 061 950 118 920 481 682 225 455

873 579 517 901 134 413 506 387 297 737 682 734 898 063 988 762 481 794 494 627 008 345 399 273 669 002 778 783 512 913 795 436 587 160 733 474 33.0 31.8 34.2

199 8 5 13 12 7 5 14 16 17 16 14 11 9 8 9 16 11 102 3 2 6 6 3 2 7 8 8 8 7 5 4 4 4 9 7

827 137 508 669 877 560 753 296 610 605 069 539 639 584 921 222 138 691 305 956 681 644 263 653 819 033 245 772 028 289 878 897 618 884 005 631

064 382 560 939 425 166 714 570 575 327 470 053 594 468 892 857 327 745 531 694 445 942 736 577 770 354 038 495 495 209 242 954 879 968 443 290 34.4 33.2 35.7

230 31 6 21 2 1 13 2 9

445 844 322 707 118 695 982 388 793 992 808

777 979 934 874 454 717 502 243 186 887 186

186 17 3 11 1 1 6 1 4

181 693 107 543 618 424 879 075 525 661 617

122 779 817 098 067 797 734 134 143 778 679

29 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

524 313 604 822 309 906 299 037 217 045 577 046 798 162 282 266 617 224 802 749 176 751 183 313 371 452 571 810 709 806 837 976 781 034 776 507 28.3 26.7 29.7

2 015 119 78 197 188 107 73 171 186 181 158 133 102 80 64 54 74 43 1 016 58 38 95 91 51 35 82 93 93 81 68 52 41 34 28 41 27

143 287 509 456 374 015 262 619 025 313 133 719 852 866 950 040 320 403 503 922 017 616 608 737 182 718 206 440 726 479 636 593 377 618 334 294 26.9 25.9 27.9

27 175 607 1 707 777 397 181 1 215 904 60 312 34 380 658 044 142 328 473 811 26 677 15 228

1 817 432 94 301 21 14 167 41 107 10 8

347 761 960 226 970 605 612 375 532 579 126

1 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

930 662 092 670 619 521 106 496 701 712 312 884 434 220 028 967 511 989 817 819 543 317 294 746 555 283 423 448 241 013 779 670 574 551 899 653

7 226 341 232 587 551 338 251 606 688 725 674 583 417 318 250 215 295 147 3 701 167 113 287 269 164 121 294 348 376 358 313 216 163 137 122 165 79

986 957 476 783 483 729 940 252 392 669 166 890 981 170 248 276 142 432 295 228 137 829 165 847 929 485 529 686 888 599 538 257 951 240 103 884 30.1 29.0 31.1

9 710 663 427 1 000 914 536 404 1 074 1 100 956 725 539 382 284 219 176 199 104 4 696 326 209 490 444 257 187 481 504 451 350 265 191 146 115 95 114 63

156 640 368 901 543 597 291 909 088 383 336 026 673 397 616 323 075 990 363 034 233 207 707 799 417 993 434 352 694 820 542 656 599 300 077 499 24.2 24.0 24.5

21 900 089 1 415 149 915 203 2 174 463 1 987 956 1 144 623 837 275 2 198 627 2 310 503 2 069 776 1 636 937 1 281 723 949 236 756 325 627 235 538 862 671 012 385 184 10 771 487 693 275 449 551 1 065 067 967 764 547 169 390 094 1 001 048 1 081 233 994 960 810 547 646 454 485 743 395 396 331 414 291 234 381 222 239 316 25.6 25.0 26.3

188 7 5 12 11 6 5 13 15 16 15 13 11 9 8 8 15 11 96 3 2 6 5 3 2 6 7 8 7 6 5 4 4 4 8 7

424 436 054 573 872 990 349 250 480 567 223 847 109 140 536 879 689 424 623 613 457 107 773 382 630 550 707 266 601 934 603 664 415 699 751 463

773 399 028 070 138 196 956 338 462 169 585 443 495 642 844 428 368 212 292 168 989 041 647 174 696 571 614 185 326 813 315 698 272 786 993 004 34.9 33.7 36.2

19 15 3 10

175 10 1 6 1 1 3

934 084 434 213 238 197 119 415 1 831 420 452

346 653 470 758 535 890 561 420 436 624 081

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH Persons 5 years and over Speak a language other than English 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Do not speak English " very well" 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

6 652 553 4 878 530 896 940 3 618 339 236 355 126 896 2 555 424 379 325 1 911 768 167 973 96 358

8 7 1 5

619 132 826 029 181 95 3 721 750 2 774 125 70

148 132 036 307 750 039 688 081 932 880 795

569 216 596 708 579 331 7 716 1 450 5 645 378 242

737 298 267 585 816 630 795 237 348 432 778

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH IN HOUSEHOLD Linguistically isolated households Persons 5 years and over in households In linguistically isolated households 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

2 936 596

542 402

682 087

984 259 173 023 681 382

181 218 716 3 603 368 709 670 2 153 631 384 249 355 818

25 920 298 70 207 12 7

682 152 700 110 926 416

1 755 81 22 49 5 4

292 800 760 303 317 420

6 500 628 1 572 006 366 366 1 070 211 88 226 47 203

8 417 666 2 185 933 593 677 1 487 768 65 963 38 525

76 669 407 3 421 889 1 565 915 412 111 2 637 472 6 705 899 3 084 402 3 158 993 69 963 508 61 702 250 80 654 515 3 792 873 1 886 716 377 913 2 746 467 6 120 550 1 959 588 3 435 036 74 533 965 52 950 611 7 871 539 924 691 589 834 633 166 10 062 013 1 467 398 1 041 816 876 053 4 215 939 1 021 930 796 959 649 092 7 414 020 2 529 422 2 183 311 1 365 773

62 558 308 2 258 730 1 145 473 292 919 1 659 977 5 372 745 2 594 567 2 411 001 57 185 563 51 120 120 64 591 783 2 395 678 1 346 099 265 978 1 612 160 4 677 967 1 579 008 2 515 794 59 913 816 42 876 124 7 030 646 756 966 486 632 511 089 8 862 482 1 175 213 835 172 689 269 3 783 747 878 921 684 954 552 092 6 656 961 2 203 167 1 904 321 1 165 353

8 043 771 283 65 646 936 313 555 7 106 5 791 9 916 986 376 71 805 1 049 272 679 8 867 6 417 595 126 77 92 881 226 160 147 312 106 83 73 596 261 223 162

162 523 620 746 931 599 386 266 563 404 909 090 463 176 810 814 134 582 095 430 410 143 345 867 761 766 167 099 633 907 550 382 112 704 076 428

596 44 20 5 34 86 37 42 510 415 639 50 25 4 36 81 25 47 557 359 32 6 4 4 40 9 7 5 15 5 4 3 25 10 8 5

490 526 642 135 652 393 442 949 097 582 701 370 431 823 745 873 239 533 828 877 295 814 921 419 569 282 214 402 082 021 092 336 106 188 787 844

2 345 140 42 18 123 98 47 42 2 247 1 829 2 557 156 54 16 131 107 34 58 2 450 1 623 129 19 10 14 163 29 18 18 65 18 13 11 75 27 23 15

3 126 206 74 29 172 212 91 107 2 914 2 545 2 948 203 84 19 160 203 48 133 2 744 1 674 83 15 10 10 113 26 20 15 39 12 10 8 60 27 24 16

223 7 1 4

812 741 763 968 556 453

1 548 004

131 793

32 310

1 512 726 19 4 1 3

769 053

091 548 150 041 216 141

096 677 203 240 067 167

171 199 300 1 373 213 183 082 693 029 240 469 256 633

6 884 445 167 65 369 480 207 243 6 404 5 594 6 755 447 192 45 348 455 118 289 6 299 3 960 286 46 30 32 377 80 58 47 138 42 34 28 225 96 83 58

794 987 763 944 377 648 120 703 146 547 403 922 885 915 793 520 146 037 883 490 026 830 086 611 840 052 737 050 377 980 234 108 543 349 985 100

59 021 646 2 041 812 1 059 483 259 694 1 482 783 5 122 754 2 486 871 2 284 452 53 898 892 48 241 121 61 035 815 2 177 387 1 248 506 242 154 1 444 298 4 448 858 1 515 967 2 374 468 56 586 957 40 741 124 6 837 502 727 198 467 657 490 206 8 611 400 1 126 011 799 718 660 033 3 689 511 850 410 662 465 533 538 6 498 705 2 136 927 1 847 013 1 126 009

DISABILITY STATUS OF CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS Males 16 to 64 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation In labor force With a self-care limitation With a work disability In labor force Prevented from working No work disability In labor force Females 16 to 64 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation In labor force With a self-care limitation With a work disability In labor force Prevented from working No work disability In labor force Males 65 to 74 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Females 65 to 74 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Males 75 years and over With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Females 75 years and over With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation

40

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

354 796 130 942 424 088 301 009 266 622 858 843 083 377 581 524 339 754 334 106 251 675 883 603 946 251 780 900 182 211 825 860 767 320 108 531

093 314 050 369 488 074 706 768 019 522 264 892 640 559 171 372 868 373 892 074 937 093 053 188 255 886 483 383 295 870 538 422 074 043 019 617

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

433

Section Five: Census Data

Table 41.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Fertility and Household and Family Composition by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

17 769 944 5 420 229 305 3 726 372 3 462 487 929 21 757 561 28 942 178 1 330 16 431 453 26 088 416 1 588 19 012 425 37 260 340 1 960 3 459 251 3 196 133 6 589 685 3 605 811 1 357 031 804 514 17 154 920 36 033 647 2 100

13 506 701 3 425 411 254 3 038 939 2 654 608 874 17 017 533 21 391 915 1 257 13 482 011 20 568 607 1 526 15 317 704 28 769 752 1 878 2 928 170 2 554 439 5 523 130 2 861 816 978 612 471 537 14 092 322 28 477 832 2 021

2 585 136 1 334 675 516 303 504 379 107 1 249 2 872 381 4 634 379 1 613 1 536 979 2 943 447 1 915 2 255 515 5 075 478 2 250 326 498 435 387 628 185 443 449 227 256 194 740 1 764 689 4 299 316 2 436

169 637 90 637 534 38 482 49 917 1 297 186 646 352 449 1 888 136 936 294 715 2 152 150 205 372 668 2 481 19 659 22 464 41 220 31 929 18 226 16 707 134 368 351 771 2 618

581 261 91 653 158 82 769 67 530 816 725 215 779 523 1 075 550 528 749 218 1 361 672 487 1 299 946 1 933 123 120 115 288 244 357 119 176 41 685 28 861 617 501 1 285 080 2 081

927 209 477 853 515 262 678 311 325 1 185 955 786 783 912 1 866 724 999 532 429 2 114 616 514 742 496 2 826 61 804 68 555 152 793 149 441 91 252 92 669 546 040 619 648 2 966

1 938 311 901 379 465 521 219 601 407 1 154 2 076 193 3 607 708 1 738 1 577 448 3 151 021 1 998 1 457 001 3 769 710 2 587 176 433 185 369 397 944 337 560 187 143 172 552 1 298 473 3 548 525 2 733

12 563 441 3 034 019 241 2 794 858 2 380 981 852 15 973 799 19 694 202 1 233 12 680 774 19 047 492 1 502 14 536 139 26 883 666 1 849 2 822 064 2 445 965 5 294 225 2 687 114 889 572 397 199 13 390 046 26 676 224 1 992

FERTILITY Women 15 to 24 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 25 to 34 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 35 to 44 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women No children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 or more children Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

1 1

1

1

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Female Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

248 242 65 51 13 26 11 15 51 77 11 9 6

709 050 049 091 957 944 534 409 549 059 647 800 659

873 161 428 846 582 154 397 757 544 019 867 149 712 2.63 3.16

199 194 53 44 9 23 9 13 44 58 6 7 4

827 852 845 381 463 061 683 378 921 988 680 354 974

064 135 200 844 356 780 509 271 347 886 709 213 929 2.54 3.06

29 28 7 3 3 2 1 1 3 10 3 1 1

049 364 646 718 224 806 381 865 300 572 193 611 232 1 586 63 606

428 670 378 214 117 198 654 147 192 170 137 488 455 814 544 71.8

53 24 11 45 20 9 6 3 1 1 1

930 665 055 583 471 886 291 595 403 921 074 324 264

524 816 063 213 850 787 687 100 863 567 395 141 708 2.87 3.46

845 687 433 178 338 857 540 443 222 425 169 420 163 810 47 753

200 700 634 672 573 980 382 573 520 738 266 134 662 006 472 79.3

7 3 1 3 1

2 015 143 1 952 539 463 968 309 410 154 558 161 399 83 327 78 072 310 579 751 748 146 374 118 471 62 604 3.08 3.57

7 7 1 1

226 074 577 308 269 442 244 197 1 504 2 505 686 356 152

986 394 820 673 147 678 905 773 756 467 998 675 592 3.29 3.74

055 985 806 521 865 862 3 045 1 901 840 783 757 48 22 608 9 566

063 084 391 382 571 387 283 114 827 745 249 619 123 623 954 36.8

460 447 4 7

087 983 619 485

45 554 44 191 588 775

48 517 46 325 1 300 892

9 9 2 1

710 505 107 508 598 391 230 160 1 408 3 891 1 059 646 204

156 277 377 706 671 510 969 541 999 351 391 649 879 3.82 4.06

21 21 4 3 1 1

900 415 776 500 275 095 590 505 436 539 212 354 484

089 135 075 984 091 965 050 915 174 818 753 350 954 3.52 3.84

188 183 51 42 8 22 9 13 42 54 5 6 4

1 577 938 445 1 295 815 402 185 94 32 125 65 79 18 34 2 052

820 105 422 099 582 836 926 498 582 397 285 014 902 966 428 82.2

2 107 377 1 472 083 822 175 1 417 905 1 025 655 594 035 488 693 345 122 166 223 200 273 166 802 58 727 25 256 109 234 3 543 049 62.1

4 3 1 3 2 1 1

776 081 655 339 201 228 029 682 313 422 347 127 53 228 7 637

075 169 314 694 368 508 646 929 076 272 753 763 244 045 394 63.9

51 23 10 43 19 9 6 3 1 1 1

319 309 5 4

670 138 704 828

2 327 672 2 208 275 69 315 50 082

3 8 2 1

424 679 337 479 858 410 351 059 985 625 617 702 745

773 704 479 130 349 268 069 199 787 916 630 624 069 2.51 3.03

337 183 654 342 218 253 058 146 095 218 001 354 136 700 43 925

479 692 479 946 899 420 841 813 480 744 121 488 865 195 831 80.4

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Subfamilies With own children under 18 years Married-couple subfamilies With own children under 18 years Mother-child subfamilies Persons under 18 years Percent living with two parents

65 31 14 51 24 11 10 5 2 2 2

463 281 138 305 178 88 121 80 38 37 34 4 2 23 690

968 698 756 156 736 960 370 840 040 017 535 994 512 985 641 55.7

UNMARRIED-PARTNER HOUSEHOLDS Total Male and female Both male Both female

3 187 772 3 042 642 81 343 63 787

2 473 499 2 348 349 72 485 52 665

160 155 2 1

115 794 351 970

91 993 582 2 416 716

76 906 980 1 358 998

9 941 850 725 413

625 367 33 550

2 020 498 115 178

2 498 887 183 577

5 872 040 382 501

73 747 747 1 173 474

4 488 360 905 979

2 788 518 663 925

999 031 149 992

49 173 8 106

239 073 30 025

412 565 53 931

833 952 113 447

2 398 111 610 147

1 295 099 1 068 819 715 004 31 496 322 319 33 315 19 141 4 071 10 103 192 965 53 519 3 121 136 325

1 417 905 1 168 857 633 891 68 494 466 472 80 678 35 998 11 751 32 929 168 370 47 228 6 187 114 955

3 339 694 2 705 020 1 507 531 139 805 1 057 684 166 465 77 407 22 759 66 299 468 209 124 853 13 606 329 750

43 342 946 32 764 255 21 609 186 768 679 10 386 390 996 311 589 102 81 786 325 423 9 582 380 1 936 739 90 120 7 555 521

SELECTED LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Households With one or more subfamilies With related members 15 years and over other than spouse, children, parents, or parents-in-law of householder With roomer, boarder, or foster child 15 years and over

LABOR FORCE STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS Married-couple families Husband employed or in Armed Forces Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Wife not in labor force Husband unemployed Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Wife not in labor force Husband not in labor force Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Wife not in labor force

51 39 25 1 12 1

718 286 799 071 415 364 790 127 446 11 067 2 383 127 8 556

214 822 947 291 584 119 277 477 365 273 825 210 238

45 178 672 34 232 358 22 440 348 835 895 10 956 115 1 076 953 627 582 92 037 357 334 9 869 361 2 010 101 97 182 7 762 078

3 521 382 2 598 174 1 874 907 124 728 598 539 151 968 97 365 16 663 37 940 771 240 254 030 18 464 498 746

305 218 135 10 72 21 10 2 8 65 18 2 44

156 614 797 678 139 205 191 955 059 337 947 256 134

Female householder, no husband present Employed or in Armed Forces Unemployed Not in labor force

10 381 654 6 031 687 593 069 3 756 898

6 540 382 4 011 325 270 386 2 258 671

3 045 283 1 617 812 269 634 1 157 837

121 58 10 52

370 613 433 324

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

434

185 116 6 62

926 808 393 725

488 227 36 225

693 129 223 341

1 029 513 72 443

646 905 294 447

6 058 841 3 751 641 239 234 2 067 966

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

41

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 42.

Section Five: Census Data

School Enrollment and Educational Attainment by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND TYPE OF SCHOOL Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school Preprimary school Public school Elementary or high school Public school College Public college Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school 3 and 4 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 years and over

64 4 2 42 38 17 13 64 2 32 9 4 6 5 4

987 503 679 566 379 917 805 987 118 655 294 974 267 064 612

101 285 029 788 689 028 534 101 735 517 846 321 157 093 432

49 3 2 31 28 14 10 49 1 24 7 3 4 3 3

273 619 033 537 071 116 811 273 606 605 030 828 905 740 557

838 904 215 361 143 573 273 838 278 376 379 687 399 005 714

9 269 563 427 6 642 6 259 2 064 1 626 9 269 338 4 878 1 382 684 700 675 608

910 019 560 519 803 372 861 910 893 558 723 234 969 830 703

635 41 34 467 444 127 106 635 19 357 95 39 39 43 40

992 421 573 518 226 053 465 992 813 150 485 683 474 793 594

2 552 132 67 1 446 1 280 973 729 2 552 70 1 059 322 210 355 316 217

671 582 445 890 058 199 252 671 729 662 079 889 538 058 716

3 254 146 116 2 472 2 324 635 531 3 254 83 1 754 464 210 265 288 187

690 359 236 500 459 831 683 690 022 771 180 828 777 407 705

Percent enrolled in school: 3 and 4 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 years and over Persons 18 to 24 years Percent enrolled in college Male Female

28.9 92.6 92.4 65.5 33.6 11.7 4.0 26 234 893 34.4 32.7 36.0

29.2 92.7 93.0 66.5 34.3 10.9 3.6 20 050 284 35.9 34.7 37.2

31.0 92.2 90.9 61.8 28.1 12.5 5.4 3 602 336 27.1 23.3 30.8

25.2 92.6 89.2 54.2 23.0 11.9 5.7 244 881 21.6 20.2 23.2

30.4 93.0 95.1 83.7 58.6 22.4 7.5 858 192 55.1 56.0 54.1

14 315 448 11 073 188 4 159 951 756 835 6 136 105 3 242 260 1 636 766 1 042 647 180 695 274 277 1 605 494 640 453 274 320 681 990

10 799 495 8 441 214 3 495 880 513 627 4 416 742 2 358 281 1 281 328 875 028 124 548 181 444 1 076 953 480 799 181 563 407 785

2 129 072 1 595 913 367 584 166 082 1 058 491 533 159 240 977 103 897 42 283 65 728 292 182 61 197 57 297 172 503

143 100 25 8 66 43 17 8 2 4 25 8 5 12

769 668 218 994 322 101 106 772 680 258 995 231 039 596

480 427 120 20 285 53 27 16 2 6 26 9 2 13

997 064 911 084 473 933 719 221 402 943 214 440 997 671

762 508 150 48 309 253 69 38 8 15 184 80 27 75

115 329 358 048 077 786 636 729 782 904 150 786 424 435

284 735 861 489 308 702 967 153 202 246 356 226 917 032 972 535 013 562 665 264 568 799 486 909 760 749 400 851

3 602 336 1 239 271 1 107 360 121 791 16 761 234 757 575 1 548 870 3 881 407 4 680 594 3 101 292 475 567 410 551 1 261 090 485 573 107 144 51 571 9 257 807 363 978 857 047 2 131 892 2 559 021 1 738 237 284 688 239 853 717 007 296 503 50 116 19 465

244 83 67 5 1 079 50 100 220 313 224 40 28 65 24 7 3 562 26 51 117 163 118 21 15 32 11 3 1

881 309 252 089 621 552 662 900 783 300 426 495 512 126 075 790 703 399 569 140 733 641 071 626 661 565 104 194

858 213 371 112 4 316 296 261 411 799 634 169 165 978 365 143 91 2 282 192 165 235 464 316 88 92 515 139 52 17

192 094 306 580 366 660 234 508 206 810 200 109 338 155 977 169 675 850 589 312 698 915 196 715 986 879 911 624

1 479 393 313 29 4 687 767 912 972 957 598 105 93 189 51 30 8 2 298 377 453 471 483 285 53 47 88 23 11 2

200 153 153 891 907 188 801 539 978 129 453 542 710 583 623 361 973 670 961 769 586 523 231 402 352 359 468 652

19.4 91.6 86.5 52.1 24.7 14.0 7.1 1 479 200 20.5 18.0 23.4

7 147 352 255 5 301 4 917 1 493 1 217 7 147 193 3 827 1 004 460 583 618 459

066 080 870 622 208 364 421 066 611 362 007 462 237 870 517

45 3 1 28 25 13 10 45 1 22 6 3 4 3 3

645 427 904 894 648 323 174 645 503 666 524 596 612 433 308

771 660 040 611 132 500 247 771 875 265 253 690 543 452 693

21.2 92.0 87.7 55.0 26.5 14.1 6.7 3 035 902 22.9 20.4 25.7

29.8 92.7 93.3 67.2 34.8 10.7 3.5 18 600 294 36.8 35.7 37.9

1 600 482 1 107 108 337 581 97 075 670 487 493 374 146 313 84 851 18 265 32 235 347 061 151 252 52 700 141 978

10 015 571 7 881 647 3 318 507 468 812 4 080 305 2 133 924 1 210 340 831 527 115 978 166 495 923 584 413 238 157 726 346 397

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 to 19 years Enrolled in school Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not enrolled in school High school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not high school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 18 to 24 years High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Master’s degree Professional school degree Doctorate degree Females 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Master’s degree Professional school degree Doctorate degree

26 8 9 1 158 4 12 22 47 29 5 4 20 7 2 1 83 2 6 12 26 15 2 2 10 3

Persons 25 years and over Percent: Less than 5th grade High school graduate or higher Male Female Some college or higher Bachelor’s degree or higher Male Female Males 25 to 34 years Percent: High school graduate or higher Bachelor’s degree or higher Females 25 to 34 years Percent: High school graduate or higher Bachelor’s degree or higher

158 868 436

132 023 308

16 761 234

1 079 621

4 316 366

4 687 907

11 226 793

125 898 648

2.7 75.2 75.7 74.8 45.2 20.3 23.3 17.6 21 709 473

1.8 77.9 78.4 77.4 46.9 21.5 25.0 18.4 17 198 369

4.5 63.1 62.2 63.8 35.2 11.4 11.0 11.7 2 540 881

4.7 65.5 65.8 65.3 36.5 9.3 10.1 8.6 180 692

6.9 77.5 81.5 74.0 59.0 36.6 41.9 31.8 688 846

16.4 43.4 43.5 43.3 23.0 6.0 6.5 5.5 1 100 685

13.4 49.8 49.8 49.9 28.3 9.2 10.0 8.3 2 304 086

1.3 79.1 79.6 78.5 47.7 22.0 25.6 18.8 16 073 832

82.7 22.9 21 757 561

86.0 25.0 17 017 533

74.2 10.9 2 872 381

71.7 7.2 186 646

87.2 43.6 725 215

50.3 6.7 955 786

55.4 9.4 2 076 193

87.8 25.9 15 973 799

85.5 22.6

88.5 24.5

78.8 13.3

74.9 7.8

84.7 39.9

54.7 7.2

60.4 10.2

90.0 25.2

42

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

234 126 941 991 868 271 230 841 642 779 233 558 832 520 751 205 654 161 546 360 850 520 920 538 015 581 857 300

893 562 932 840 436 677 534 507 763 777 002 923 567 469 791 426 171 459 831 377 606 115 672 505 766 055 999 786

20 6 8 1 132 2 9 17 40 25 4 3 18 6 2 1 69 1 5 9 23 13 2 2 8 3

050 197 082 722 023 399 406 355 891 221 442 861 337 594 462 050 252 200 018 404 179 060 473 142 661 109 740 259

3 035 822 720 85 11 226 1 509 1 936 2 188 2 419 1 602 273 268 658 209 121 38 5 657 760 989 1 085 1 275 794 140 140 316 98 42 13

902 447 485 591 793 367 545 309 632 472 770 939 197 393 346 823 519 704 986 425 286 048 882 303 611 201 677 396

18 5 7 1 125 1 8 16 39 24 4 3 17 6 2 1 66 4 8 22 12 2 2 8 3

600 799 705 670 898 694 439 228 521 285 286 698 902 443 377 021 108 836 512 834 434 587 392 056 452 039 711 249

294 374 438 422 648 096 213 529 862 302 595 475 015 715 595 251 006 966 548 508 508 768 632 521 135 111 806 503

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

435

Section Five: Census Data

Table 43.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Geographic Mobility, Commuting, and Veteran Status by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

524 230 406 064 636 929 306 193 760 215 047 434 212 1 693 60 149 498 1 455 294

2 015 143 1 968 224 1 403 322 549 140 35 981 121 546 191 222 200 391 15 762 1 752 1 021 90 66 246 7 12 989 46 919

7 226 986 2 668 242 1 838 871 567 800 105 598 90 697 105 754 265 751 261 571 4 473 46 977 408 13 318 29 186 2 189 210 121 4 558 744

9 710 156 6 026 609 4 418 356 884 712 148 649 110 294 328 902 296 867 723 541 573 481 34 114 1 776 116 995 42 115 946 3 683 547

21 14 10 2

1 817 859 939 537 402 212 190 12 35 61 81

6 2 2 1 1

8 3 4 2 1

19 8 9 6 2 1 1

White

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

PLACE OF BIRTH AND NATIVITY All persons Native Born in State of residence Born in a different State Northeast Midwest South West Born abroad Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area U.S. Virgin Islands American Samoa Guam Northern Marianas Born abroad of American parents Foreign born

248 228 153 72 16 21 24 9 3 1

709 942 684 011 772 287 366 585 246 190 191 38 15 53 3 1 864 19 767

873 557 685 141 309 172 640 020 731 533 913 481 121 293 117 285 316

199 189 125 61 15 19 17 8 2

230 122 102 58 43 22 21 4 4 7 4

777 970 097 635 462 165 297 471 669 749 408 886 764 060

186 101 82 45 37 18 18 3 4 6 4

827 804 986 816 569 959 785 501 001 560 64 5 1 21

064 252 730 425 445 706 456 818 097 612 754 773 409 173 819 1 375 731 10 022 812

29 28 20 8

930 475 037 193 912 1 004 5 955 320 244 50 45 30

900 058 178 344 446 300 795 801 1 535 1 155 79 4

089 439 632 536 803 286 769 678 271 977 690 602 244 6 470 241 299 604 7 841 650

188 182 120 60 15 19 17 8 1

424 257 539 450 297 777 347 028 266 27 32 4 1 19

773 430 891 863 629 290 095 849 676 466 590 395 347 975 762 1 206 620 6 167 343

RESIDENCE IN 1985 Persons 5 years and over Same house Different house in the United States Same county Different county Same State Different State Northeast Midwest South West Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Elsewhere

445 796 540 675 864 279 585 346 854 588 795 213 73 4 821

181 490 193 061 131 935 196 658 263 180 093 108 31 2 357

122 046 690 802 888 004 884 880 869 604 531 432 633 321

27 14 12 8 4 1 2

175 266 439 435 003 897 106 435 391 1 018 260 9 20 439

607 121 981 985 996 409 587 852 825 883 027 521 084 900

347 045 731 202 529 129 400 383 222 434 361 315 446 17 810

652 595 837 663 173 566 607 133 110 167 195 1 14 1 204

553 263 293 664 629 131 498 491 931 890 186 106 172 719

619 586 129 976 152 668 483 105 52 159 165 94 7 801

148 495 402 982 420 492 928 865 822 938 303 512 429 310

569 575 107 341 766 543 223 294 135 392 401 201 16 1 667

737 524 837 105 732 112 620 091 647 298 584 757 669 950

175 96 77 41 35 18 17 3 4 5 3

934 794 552 906 645 127 518 492 186 965 873 9 25 1 551

346 335 317 824 493 262 231 322 391 552 966 953 872 869

PLACE OF WORK … … …

Workers 16 years and over Worked in area of residence Worked outside area of residence

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION AND CARPOOLING Workers 16 years and over Car, truck, or van Drove alone Carpooled 2-person carpool 3-person carpool 4-person carpool 5- or 6-person carpool 7-or-more-person carpool

115 99 84 15 12 2

Persons per car, truck, or van Public transportation Bus or trolley bus Streetcar or trolley car Subway or elevated Railroad Ferryboat Taxicab Motorcycle Bicycle Walked Other means Worked at home

070 592 215 377 078 001 702 305 289

274 932 298 634 175 378 222 976 883

95 84 72 11 9 1

708 500 860 640 347 424 471 197 197

551 232 206 026 722 891 948 714 751

11 8 6 2 1

414 782 710 072 543 307 117 51 52

755 909 774 135 297 494 706 251 387

724 608 472 135 103 19 6 3 2

223 615 816 799 235 932 645 556 431

1.09 6 069 589 3 445 000 78 130 1 755 476 574 052 37 497 179 434 237 404 466 856 4 488 886 808 582 3 406 025

1.08 3 406 567 1 761 847 49 059 972 246 476 826 31 618 114 971 211 514 382 010 3 501 785 583 175 3 123 268

1.15 1 784 576 1 162 263 18 801 487 564 61 364 3 079 51 505 9 168 35 109 537 389 131 759 133 845

1.14 30 408 22 039 344 5 469 879 251 1 426 2 677 4 914 44 713 12 317 20 579

111 664 249

92 585 283

11 280 910

703 644

3 381 333 2 694 332 2 077 175 617 157 469 313 87 694 33 342 14 564 12 244 381 195 6 147 24 1 5 5 17 188 25 69

1.14 611 839 178 967 516 596 515 246 190 293 484 177

3 841 412 3 006 844 2 094 327 912 517 614 608 161 367 72 581 38 891 25 070

8 7 5 1 1

1.21 427 012 748 230 467 953 6 017 8 799 27 633 216 706 55 847 59 156

466 303 3 142 10

858 076 174 901 321 316 137 74 50

023 332 780 552 943 887 744 811 167

971 603 8 310 31 2 14 20 59 457 111 162

1.18 168 408 440 654 210 540 916 338 469 343 337 036

90 80 69 10 8 1

988 617 913 703 676 277 410 163 175

092 006 934 072 678 331 053 985 025

1.08 2 980 891 1 496 905 44 933 842 418 458 715 30 241 107 679 200 490 351 525 3 281 172 530 917 3 026 091

TRAVEL TIME TO WORK AND DEPARTURE TIME Workers who did not work at home Minutes to work: Less than 10 minutes 10 to 14 minutes 15 to 19 minutes 20 to 29 minutes 30 to 44 minutes 45 or more minutes Mean travel time to work (minutes) Workers traveling 45 or more minutes Departure time: 6:00 to 6:59 a.m. 7:00 to 7:59 a.m. 8:00 to 8:59 a.m. All other times

8 695 987

87 962 001

18 17 19 22 20 13

257 954 026 436 053 936

921 128 053 930 109 108 22.3 58.5

16 15 15 18 16 10

081 277 705 645 006 869

483 811 710 000 085 194 21.8 58.5

1 1 1 2 2 1

186 553 999 303 381 856

273 625 244 224 755 789 25.3 58.5

143 114 117 121 115 91

753 199 182 299 855 356 21.8 59.9

3 312 156 367 459 538 650 745 550

160 400 281 766 705 844 25.5 57.7

3 782 256 479 549 665 716 803 567

252 093 636 641 709 925 24.3 58.7

1 1 1 1 1 1

107 277 516 691 822 279

759 201 782 752 595 898 24.2 58.5

15 14 14 17 15 10

482 583 895 721 054 226

015 039 539 185 215 008 21.7 58.5

22 35 18 34

820 346 867 629

464 620 326 839

18 30 16 27

664 008 147 764

821 459 414 589

2 3 1 4

506 215 531 026

559 600 978 773

144 217 97 244

564 587 324 169

589 885 610 1 227

042 250 086 778

915 1 019 480 1 366

478 724 524 530

1 2 1 3

976 457 244 016

297 834 941 915

17 28 15 26

666 651 428 216

344 237 022 398

VETERAN STATUS Male civilian veterans Percent of civilian males 16 years and over

26 330 011 29.1

23 379 529 31.4

2 230 013 23.4

181 439 27.2

236 706 9.3

302 324 9.1

901 021 12.0

22 814 871 32.4

1 151 044 1.2

965 525 1.2

144 352 1.3

12 072 1.7

13 549 .5

15 546 .5

43 879 .6

940 072 1.2

Female civilian veterans Percent of civilian females 16 years and over

PERIOD OF SERVICE Civilian veterans 16 years and over May 1975 or later service only September 1980 or later service only Served 2 or more years Vietnam era, no Korean conflict Vietnam era and Korean conflict February 1955 to July 1964 only Korean conflict, no World War II Korean conflict and World War II World War II, no Korean conflict World War I Other service

27 3 1 1 7

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

436

481 352 900 603 646 585 2 944 3 720 624 8 345 62 198

055 156 833 440 908 506 497 976 683 431 198 700

24 2 1 1 6

345 579 459 222 630 529 2 678 3 367 590 7 731 58 179

054 697 713 238 269 878 284 125 118 666 553 464

2 374 588 335 291 742 42 196 271 25 490 3 14

365 200 325 189 215 177 789 890 303 351 194 246

193 37 20 16 72 3 20 23 3 31

511 560 667 944 458 575 151 084 751 712 162 1 058

250 51 30 26 81 6 23 29 3 52

255 366 547 534 388 730 338 318 246 773 143 1 953

317 95 54 46 120 3 25 29 2 38

870 333 581 535 578 146 935 559 265 929 146 1 979

944 223 127 108 329 15 90 107 10 161

900 132 917 366 415 172 257 495 799 874 593 6 163

23 2 1 1 6

754 464 393 166 435 518 2 616 3 292 581 7 612 58 175

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

943 047 449 226 190 588 778 410 945 311 125 549

43

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 44.

Section Five: Census Data

Labor Force Characteristics by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

191 829 271 125 182 378 65.3 1 708 928 123 473 450 115 681 202 89 428 871 7 792 248 6.3 66 646 893 3 232 910 99 803 358 56 672 949 56.8 185 700 56 487 249 52 976 623 36 418 960 3 510 626 6.2 43 130 409 1 487 110 7 342 263 2 962 432 670 528 3 562 362

157 119 373 102 800 818 65.4 1 275 082 101 525 736 96 237 561 74 240 108 5 288 175 5.2 54 318 555 2 360 364 81 541 169 45 947 179 56.3 120 552 45 826 627 43 515 117 29 467 638 2 311 510 5.0 35 593 990 1 309 391 5 543 693 2 453 192 460 692 2 521 228

21 386 343 13 413 487 62.7 318 306 13 095 181 11 407 803 8 873 999 1 687 378 12.9 7 972 856 722 050 11 597 691 6 901 351 59.5 53 709 6 847 642 6 015 288 4 470 242 832 354 12.2 4 696 340 149 200 1 072 640 256 572 137 333 650 894

1 395 009 865 703 62.1 14 391 851 312 728 953 548 730 122 359 14.4 529 306 31 375 714 654 393 437 55.1 2 017 391 420 340 042 235 857 51 378 13.1 321 217 7 261 74 536 21 985 9 190 41 984

5 403 615 3 645 946 67.5 42 866 3 603 080 3 411 586 2 690 953 191 494 5.3 1 757 669 23 391 2 810 588 1 688 145 60.1 4 063 1 684 082 1 590 897 1 174 018 93 185 5.5 1 122 443 8 954 247 569 73 407 14 626 157 048

6 524 931 4 456 424 68.3 58 283 4 398 141 3 895 299 3 075 081 502 842 11.4 2 068 507 95 730 3 139 256 1 742 837 55.5 5 359 1 737 478 1 515 279 1 071 205 222 199 12.8 1 396 419 12 304 403 825 157 276 48 687 191 208

15 025 902 10 139 070 67.5 117 347 10 021 723 8 981 516 7 078 492 1 040 207 10.4 4 886 832 240 572 7 410 116 4 145 686 55.9 12 143 4 133 543 3 669 186 2 605 432 464 357 11.2 3 264 430 39 187 848 933 327 922 97 373 411 580

149 164 557 97 467 714 65.3 1 224 593 96 243 121 91 447 312 70 470 721 4 795 809 5.0 51 696 843 2 245 385 77 546 546 43 705 520 56.4 115 037 43 590 483 41 499 763 28 036 488 2 090 720 4.8 33 841 026 1 285 589 5 127 602 2 290 734 415 598 2 317 348

9 469 385 6 419 967 768 405 1 806 836 52 743 194 44 842 502 2 450 753 4 553 238 9 957 003 6 377 542 294 523 3 279 732 4 555 259 1 269 464 3 285 795 2 675 255

7 263 216 5 154 588 507 787 1 248 963 42 937 054 37 589 632 1 691 210 2 966 583 8 640 902 5 620 921 236 665 2 779 018 4 046 612 1 141 235 2 905 377 2 346 126

Males 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

7 958 930 7 028 6 289 6 973 2 880 541 3 530 9 176 5 946 605 2 564 53 809 37 761 2 079 13 863

7 146 843 6 303 5 613 5 255 2 398 359 2 484 7 033 4 822 368 1 805 43 111 30 815 1 361 10 865

Females 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989

11 163 747 4 894 548 199 774 6 068 702 5 604 849 944 717 4 660 132 4 202 287 13 076 358 632 342 12 444 016 11 840 761

9 503 847 4 173 827 155 951 5 173 539 4 904 414 822 170 4 082 244 3 675 743 11 732 319 549 334 11 182 985 10 628 686

99 15 9 16 12

81 11 6 12 9

LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 years and over In labor force Percent of persons 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Females 16 years and over In labor force Percent of females 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Males 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 20 to 24 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 25 to 54 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 55 to 64 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 65 to 69 In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989

years

years

years

years

809 288 521 799 185 619 322 010 002 615 852 310 217 559 910 239

727 331 396 410 802 515 046 743 354 599 091 452 433 968 135 027

1 212 611 170 343 5 686 3 921 501 1 114 869 471 34 362 356 81 274 239

585 066 514 341 136 380 719 548 733 369 837 965 341 965 376 385

88 48 13 21 411 284 44 76 55 27 3 25 20 4 15 13

901 798 825 626 828 470 164 893 995 507 085 359 108 363 745 416

311 179 16 105 1 630 1 382 56 165 205 145 7 51 76 26 50 41

767 585 824 474 771 945 378 205 333 196 962 987 895 527 368 780

592 425 59 87 2 077 1 664 157 230 185 112 11 60 55 15 39 34

916 930 455 432 405 075 282 009 040 549 974 403 303 374 929 548

1 197 854 117 189 4 590 3 705 322 505 543 346 29 166 182 55 127 107

579 007 795 444 167 608 083 969 449 982 897 292 651 077 574 631

6 699 767 4 749 099 453 974 1 158 783 40 590 845 35 660 537 1 540 404 2 726 457 8 301 214 5 397 856 219 790 2 679 426 3 925 161 1 103 791 2 821 370 2 276 120

591 60 530 495 056 276 128 645 283 662 171 431 578 424 494 630

217 825 392 995 432 106 329 828 452 335 765 333 709 857 029 433

28 2 26 24 69 20 7 41 82 39 9 32 431 251 31 146

987 505 482 303 233 236 523 192 718 895 552 551 080 698 853 514

120 15 105 97 233 73 10 149 294 168 13 111 1 777 1 203 59 511

692 548 144 104 428 165 857 039 485 071 326 968 497 710 948 318

71 8 63 58 358 112 35 209 481 253 43 183 1 910 1 065 132 709

186 079 107 987 290 597 567 208 993 715 118 006 498 326 945 947

253 31 221 205 751 245 70 433 001 547 85 363 414 588 280 539

007 464 543 592 549 762 667 120 048 862 076 779 333 841 510 234

6 973 820 6 152 5 473 4 887 2 272 326 2 275 6 550 4 546 329 1 638 40 777 29 393 1 226 10 091

1 125 505 26 593 507 91 415 377 1 045 66 979 939

815 641 502 541 624 626 998 408 659 452 207 939

62 22 1 38 24 3 20 18 44 2 41 39

995 406 953 636 292 744 548 589 336 560 776 694

260 121 6 131 98 18 80 73 146 8 138 133

191 478 890 768 240 228 012 041 747 409 338 512

210 71 8 131 70 8 61 57 107 5 101 98

899 196 478 218 279 949 330 506 297 587 710 930

622 237 21 362 228 34 194 179 391 20 371 359

648 979 939 666 685 580 105 969 853 327 526 792

9 115 058 4 016 959 143 442 4 954 178 4 754 245 797 974 3 956 271 3 559 605 11 460 752 535 427 10 925 325 10 379 637

691 059 597 619 017

714 147 78 142 97

654 285 910 961 957

2 810 515 295 553 404

588 031 743 642 696

3 139 829 417 643 409

256 281 556 629 097

7 410 116 1 727 350 891 044 1 450 539 951 201

77 10 6 12 9

1

1

6 4 1

1

4 2 1

422 989 433 801 969 538 918 849 571 923 885 321 951 493 933 082

PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN IN FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES With In With In

Females 16 years and over own children under 6 years labor force own children 6 to 17 years only labor force

Own children under 6 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children under 6 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours

44

803 233 095 490 367

358 818 156 186 705

541 673 981 940 758

169 162 350 335 938

11 2 1 2 1

597 069 321 209 697

546 832 538 185 253

546 368 068 829 574

living with two 15 993 967 8 874 102 4 433 879

13 365 043 7 356 865 3 551 805

1 120 631 762 231 455 328

126 232 61 519 27 868

582 444 309 547 197 142

799 617 383 940 201 736

1 772 746 869 378 461 911

12 433 972 6 894 604 3 305 073

5 279 645 3 169 479 1 936 665

2 691 801 1 757 315 1 151 722

1 957 353 1 077 653 576 138

99 013 53 193 28 249

92 667 52 985 38 470

438 811 228 333 142 086

885 737 478 875 301 344

2 296 228 1 530 677 1 006 176

29 673 627 19 477 241 10 782 593

24 506 771 16 126 135 8 710 728

2 403 582 1 723 939 1 098 819

258 426 149 745 78 618

1 105 516 709 041 481 480

1 399 332 768 381 412 948

3 105 443 1 744 245 965 041

22 876 830 15 197 358 8 187 268

9 931 854 7 343 393 5 231 410

5 641 232 4 490 361 3 369 644

3 274 251 2 212 058 1 423 150

153 491 100 318 62 936

191 540 133 038 103 025

671 340 407 618 272 655

1 395 753 893 017 607 654

4 989 238 4 047 712 3 062 492

living with one

living with two

living with one

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

437

Section Five: Census Data

Table 45.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupation of Employed Persons by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States Employed persons 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers Employed females 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations

White

Black

115 681 202 30 533 582 14 227 916 578 334 4 140 575 16 305 666 3 000 976 1 672 559 869 543 2 482 553 5 713 591 3 861 446 36 718 398 1 397 189 2 860 046 13 634 686 3 352 054 3 941 568 6 341 064 2 533 639 18 826 477 640 982 4 582 070 2 315 205 990 423 15 295 917 521 154 1 992 852 732 609 12 781 911 5 167 308 3 127 932 2 839 010 1 066 944 1 590 184 13 097 963 4 080 305 4 793 935 4 047 043 17 196 332 4 981 876 2 922 321 3 760 910 3 580 137 968 091 4 563 134 948 540 1 576 991 52 976 623 14 752 659 5 993 163 251 316 2 156 867 8 759 496 551 261 151 962 171 791 2 163 863 3 977 806 2 946 061 23 120 191 1 133 078 832 879 6 584 290 1 155 921 1 314 555 4 113 814 1 995 673 14 569 944 394 508 4 490 363 2 062 414 368 423 8 929 509 494 920 310 463 66 355 8 124 126 3 062 435 1 278 437 449 506 149 675 290 041

96 237 561 26 877 354 12 651 035 484 939 3 606 211 14 226 319 2 635 125 1 475 994 754 907 2 124 802 4 963 417 3 358 038 31 121 238 1 123 408 2 445 404 11 984 176 3 012 184 3 649 726 5 322 266 1 976 839 15 568 250 511 106 3 980 228 2 043 830 715 310 11 354 441 312 888 1 580 054 624 642 9 461 499 3 981 476 2 113 844 2 370 802 1 022 746 1 194 090 11 257 116 3 554 246 4 174 722 3 368 249 13 256 610 3 706 366 2 235 775 3 030 438 2 870 272 785 824 3 498 207 727 176 1 244 126 43 515 117 12 741 104 5 202 033 201 382 1 835 280 7 539 071 461 596 125 956 137 721 1 853 159 3 440 715 2 541 887 19 454 638 920 524 688 505 5 633 355 1 025 665 1 192 130 3 415 560 1 562 480 12 212 254 316 845 3 909 921 1 837 858 258 492 6 701 294 296 628 224 472 48 652 6 180 194 2 507 545 814 051 383 374 143 343 232 000

11 407 803 2 066 054 875 835 68 142 303 762 1 190 219 126 864 58 041 28 401 213 393 512 599 380 073 3 354 120 182 904 190 994 875 576 153 862 151 055 570 659 327 343 2 104 646 86 759 393 893 147 273 197 530 2 522 099 136 283 312 808 78 005 2 073 008 609 088 660 057 166 079 16 660 133 366 930 011 286 565 310 992 324 809 2 369 440 721 735 382 571 511 246 495 739 120 269 633 619 116 549 221 599 6 015 288 1 283 844 484 659 38 849 192 955 799 185 42 566 11 185 9 596 188 300 392 151 308 959 2 330 616 148 650 76 882 551 297 68 822 67 358 415 117 268 886 1 553 787 54 886 380 866 123 890 83 180 1 508 458 130 525 71 413 14 615 1 306 520 325 529 308 521 21 048 2 089 18 074

728 133 62 6 17 70 9 4 1 10 28 19 195 8 14 63 13 11 38 20 108 3 25 11 5 134 3 17 5 113 42 32 24 4 15 99 27 42 27 141 35 24 28 27 10 41 10 12 340 73 31 2 10 41 1

143 25 11 105 727 355 174 63 62 8 125 4 41

10 1 1 7 37 15 9 4 4

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

438

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

All persons

1 235 175 131 923 4 489 2 018 1 082 426 419 46 915 36 359

327 669 124 593 431 059 797 426 603 995 154 177 459

957 139 110 703 3 277 1 410 782 345 340 35 703 28 294

420 398 834 036 287 339 067 352 356 735 794 614 616

560 220 938 934 762 868 765 642 240 228 259 294 876

8 20 14 134 7 4 38 6 4 27 16 84 2 24 10 2 79 3 2 73 26 13 3 2

953 555 825 345 191 730 274 865 467 064 766 080 096 853 113 582 853 351 378 049 548 554 649 484 198 744 856 198 930 690 233 043 405 255 449 782 650 638 530 371 625 645 763 380 715 623 986 327 042 848 884 820 586 964 980 541 423 654 144 472 493 017 297 479 098 753 628 528 700 378 934 443 288 643 556 643 652 444 436 895 740 772 662

609 332 550 648 709 613 008 650 538 605 7 833 497 2 819

Asian or Pacific Islander 3 411 586 1 045 160 428 273 10 748 149 459 616 887 201 193 117 858 77 501 110 659 131 237 49 959 1 134 130 52 383 155 867 400 985 109 710 78 905 212 370 105 851 524 895 23 640 83 460 67 517 41 046 504 688 14 044 29 083 7 596 461 561 250 384 86 854 40 718 7 679 30 175 273 473 74 673 56 341 141 794 413 417 169 521 95 890 50 674 49 126 8 046 89 286 11 419 31 370 1 590 897 448 538 179 835 4 454 82 290 268 703 38 787 12 264 22 310 94 913 70 241 38 662 636 528 35 757 48 025 197 333 35 101 31 043 131 189 71 840 355 413 11 366 78 838 52 787 14 313 259 244 12 698 3 923 699 242 623 106 592 40 319 8 330 1 586 6 561 65 4 2 58 172 96 47 3 3

307 492 178 598 950 039 664 688 541 507 25 052 562 8 021

Other race 3 895 411 209 8 63 201 28 15 7 23 77 54 913 29 53 310 62 50 197 103 520 15 98 45 31 779 54 53 16 672 284 235 237 15 217 537 137 209 184 1 015 348 183 139 137 43 300 82 67 1 515 205 94 3 35 110 6 2 1 18 54 42 563 21 15 163 20 19 124 75 363 9 95 37 10 380 51 8 1 321 96 101 33 1 30

299 459 948 160 952 511 520 801 267 635 572 296 814 641 668 367 445 531 391 557 138 923 840 101 339 945 083 709 436 153 127 134 006 604 104 581 171 242 661 494 629 440 789 620 237 399 410 569 279 325 752 811 756 573 332 016 741 837 555 081 916 130 170 826 235 271 320 939 790 033 804 436 150 870 513 012 737 345 333 651 014 885 744

58 5 4 48 273 140 69 9 8 1 53 2 12

431 227 624 377 723 200 293 094 928 920 216 210 127

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

8 981 516 1 262 178 627 693 25 469 189 088 634 485 96 970 52 479 35 277 76 252 238 263 165 455 2 321 918 77 782 143 367 808 785 172 723 157 289 478 773 232 840 1 291 984 40 615 258 327 123 119 73 208 1 719 992 119 588 134 930 43 644 1 465 474 608 350 491 540 446 133 33 300 403 200 1 177 553 315 039 452 936 395 605 2 053 742 684 988 362 199 314 362 307 684 87 111 605 082 162 235 145 346 3 669 186 623 927 278 720 11 588 103 345 345 207 21 209 6 190 7 727 61 812 169 075 128 741 1 434 647 55 644 41 899 417 587 56 425 59 102 302 060 171 625 919 517 23 351 250 655 102 477 22 607 863 229 114 019 20 185 4 581 729 025 223 035 212 298 59 747 3 646 55 354

91 447 312 26 072 188 12 254 816 468 576 3 488 813 13 817 372 2 569 523 1 440 584 728 482 2 077 587 4 809 953 3 251 700 29 799 821 1 079 681 2 361 025 11 511 646 2 907 048 3 547 155 5 057 443 1 856 694 14 847 469 488 214 3 830 459 1 970 166 677 075 10 481 292 251 678 1 504 544 598 591 8 725 070 3 675 719 1 876 092 2 168 116 1 005 516 1 013 742 10 648 470 3 385 520 3 942 128 3 168 249 12 277 425 3 389 822 2 066 445 2 867 043 2 711 162 743 694 3 210 421 651 253 1 170 890 41 499 763 12 348 409 5 028 901 194 171 1 771 995 7 319 508 447 566 121 964 132 394 1 815 016 3 331 338 2 459 000 18 638 286 889 284 663 359 5 394 135 991 276 1 154 046 3 248 813 1 473 643 11 691 508 303 446 3 764 243 1 776 315 247 099 6 254 384 238 248 213 290 45 958 5 802 846 2 387 604 710 772 357 362 141 648 208 059

128 11 9 106 558 283 140 22 21 4 107 4 27

792 970 876 538 844 994 821 356 943 332 341 257 511

890 132 105 648 3 010 1 276 714 333 328 33 653 26 280

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

922 964 794 197 400 251 412 025 241 544 168 708 178

45

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 46.

Section Five: Census Data

Industry of Employed Persons by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States Employed persons 16 years and over Agriculture Forestry and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill and finished textile products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Durable goods Furniture, lumber, and wood products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal industries, including ordnance Machinery and computer equipment Electrical equipment and components, except computer Transportation equipment Transportation, communications, and other public utilities Air transportation Trucking service and warehousing Other transportation Communications Utilities and sanitary services Wholesale trade Retail trade General merchandise stores Food, bakery, and dairy stores Automotive dealers and gasoline stations Eating and drinking places Finance, insurance, and real estate Banking and credit agencies Insurance, real estate, and other finance Services Business services Repair services Private households Other personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Hospitals Health services, except hospitals Elementary and secondary schools and colleges Other educational services Social services, religious and membership organizations Legal, engineering, and other professional services Public administration Employed females 16 years and over Agriculture Forestry and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill and finished textile products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Durable goods Furniture, lumber, and wood products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal industries, including ordnance Machinery and computer equipment Electrical equipment and components, except computer Transportation equipment Transportation, communications, and other public utilities Air transportation Trucking service and warehousing Other transportation Communications Utilities and sanitary services Wholesale trade Retail trade General merchandise stores Food, bakery, and dairy stores Automotive dealers and gasoline stations Eating and drinking places Finance, insurance, and real estate Banking and credit agencies Insurance, real estate, and other finance Services Business services Repair services Private households Other personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Hospitals Health services, except hospitals Elementary and secondary schools and colleges Other educational services Social services, religious and membership organizations Legal, engineering, and other professional services Public administration

46

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

Asian or Pacific Islander

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

299 942 130 991 281 107 538 880 504 214 749 569 669 588 854 704

8 981 452 9 47 666 1 793 769 185 240 119 78 1 023 112 59 111 142

516 473 598 692 765 630 761 749 243 819 911 869 525 423 536 968

91 447 312 2 293 573 144 470 630 499 5 921 492 16 006 769 6 106 767 991 387 1 168 280 1 641 060 959 290 9 900 002 1 011 586 638 832 952 527 2 000 374

205 403 998 818 521 406 942 311 933 062 648 684 264 425 508 411 097 989 013 381 794 543 259 999 511 389 592 388

158 155 559 58 142 178 91 87 414 1 627 151 276 134 620 459 157 301 2 609 341 185 134 342 125 1 480 309 255 491 23

382 754 009 739 487 777 562 444 909 779 877 636 847 761 141 527 614 580 635 150 272 906 207 410 787 852 516 490

1 473 017 2 034 043 6 356 416 589 624 1 561 041 1 721 201 1 273 884 1 210 666 4 169 987 15 486 589 1 574 835 2 666 533 1 796 426 3 958 672 6 590 926 1 873 343 4 717 583 29 677 459 2 946 163 1 376 516 313 683 2 164 676 1 336 665 21 539 756 3 805 909 3 543 623 7 396 551 393 409

881 238 358 279 875 949 2 268 14 931

220 179 340 3 669 65 1 5 38

539 226 940 186 146 923 772 354

2 3 4 41

697 370 267 169 983 408 327 295 380 281 391

644 337 59 153 45 27 307 20 7 23 37

778 170 894 260 851 767 608 246 500 419 260

574 638 703 987 683 122 576 335 467 935 844 475 171 042 327 301 026 868 949 876 143 823 904 173 383 590 690 242

74 33 148 20 17 49 44 17 126 677 98 107 22 232 272 113 159 1 538 158 14 124 195 40 1 005 205 200 327 15

948 679 304 057 932 253 035 027 862 233 756 173 253 397 437 119 318 500 127 345 101 387 953 587 880 480 674 424

White

115 681 202 2 944 042 171 330 723 423 7 214 763 20 462 078 8 053 234 1 405 723 1 809 199 1 941 923 1 196 595 12 408 844 1 276 578 792 239 1 172 905 2 362 588

96 237 561 2 498 175 149 627 656 731 6 263 616 16 890 055 6 483 339 1 073 263 1 285 588 1 705 760 1 000 382 10 406 716 1 063 188 667 683 1 004 791 2 074 207

11 407 142 8 31 476 1 961 916 181 305 132 124 1 044 128 82 84 131

803 331 416 470 307 469 855 040 421 120 820 614 000 676 946 417

728 20 5 8 61 117 44 9 12 8 4 72 12 3 6 10

953 168 277 386 635 389 934 855 325 074 655 455 545 902 801 910

3 411 41 3 5 104 632 236 41 91 44 30 395 14 8 19 80

586 426 880 845 924 058 568 685 361 755 989 490 176 390 513 350

3 895 241 4 20 308 861 371 99 114 51 35 489 58 29 56 65

1 899 173 2 532 532 8 205 062 758 916 1 941 762 2 407 325 1 607 009 1 490 050 5 071 026 19 485 666 2 022 380 3 339 390 2 092 880 5 463 979 7 984 870 2 374 916 5 609 954 37 880 865 3 851 262 1 726 200 628 510 3 040 186 1 636 460 26 998 247 5 204 690 4 477 994 9 154 741 478 762

1 555 462 2 115 135 6 668 534 627 137 1 634 739 1 819 568 1 327 802 1 259 288 4 394 632 16 364 128 1 659 971 2 814 883 1 872 502 4 274 860 6 861 092 1 965 795 4 895 297 31 122 541 3 126 752 1 471 254 381 932 2 345 305 1 405 978 22 391 320 3 974 245 3 688 334 7 689 763 406 679

144 260 1 058 78 207 413 200 157 328 1 611 234 268 114 573 670 242 428 4 271 437 123 163 366 122 3 056 847 527 989 44

908 039 299 581 818 552 754 594 670 127 915 777 436 498 697 159 538 203 740 872 907 248 681 755 519 437 928 479

10 13 50 4 13 14 8 11 23 118 11 21 12 40 28 7 21 235 21 12 5 22 12 162 29 28 56 2

033 531 969 027 516 040 157 229 251 938 868 323 876 573 700 357 343 768 471 045 073 619 491 069 510 742 849 604

117 73 203 30 21 89 36 25 145 692 53 115 37 288 253 101 152 1 192 117 33 16 156 44 824 231 135 234 15

565 424 262 353 168 759 354 628 540 411 978 723 802 623 873 194 679 364 286 648 804 471 051 104 905 092 609 612

71 70 223 18 64 70 33 36 178 699 61 118 55 286 170 58 112 1 058 148 85 60 149 51 563 121 98 183 9

3 4 5 52

2 3 4 43

979 320 430 117 096 322 148 504

444 203 847 6 015 25 2 7 44

299 093 814 288 490 444 152 956

29 14 58 340 4 1 1 5

744 620 472 042 098 054 167 305

67 139 136 1 590 10

294 592 003 897 878 784 1 525 14 278

91 59 127 1 515 34

5 373 527 2 631 337 344 678 801 036 753 081 306 406 2 742 190 238 798 95 377 230 127 468 443

802 446 74 204 61 45 355 30 12 24 45

539 968 107 822 242 818 571 191 928 730 622

43 21 3 8 4 1 21 2

038 179 683 581 009 468 859 024 563 1 612 2 896

264 126 17 68 18 11 137 4 1 4 23

121 152 354 191 833 338 969 376 859 672 462

300 158 32 70 18 12 142 10 3 11 16

76 76 362 33 25 137 126 40 103 832 162 125 23 298 445 183 262 2 924 214 14 153 235 45 2 259 644 444 695 30

357 313 524 153 210 868 159 134 464 578 729 493 058 125 779 457 322 284 733 983 515 602 794 657 749 588 200 364

5 3 14 1 2 4 3 2 7 64 8 11 3 23 18 5 12 152 10 1 4 15 6 113 22 23 37 1

49 17 68 10 4 30 16 7 54 317 35 48 7 125 146 65 80 651 49 4 14 88 18 475 160 82 120 10

187 639 905 954 282 308 003 358 734 739 519 427 338 233 348 747 601 787 864 553 955 455 836 124 717 352 554 108

33 14 54 5 7 18 16 6 53 276 39 44 8 101 102 43 59 616 67 5 56 84 15 386 80 79 120 6

526 155 538 976 612 36 106 724

197 863 077 623 437 553 260 974

6 783 922 3 384 006 472 089 1 152 799 856 148 377 438 3 399 916 285 684 114 107 272 422 556 814 752 548 2 399 267 293 786 740 311 1 544 9 969 1 397 1 659 448 2 991 4 759 1 705 3 053 23 663 1 820 226 576 1 934 691 18 413 3 963 3 497 6 115 344

836 120 658 994 817 510 265 072 115 141 288 346 280 360 138 936 202 230 459 893 557 944 354 023 583 138 006 215

2 515 952 1 977 129 2 377 195

892 739 368 515 537 31 94 645

588 435 1 899 216 254 595 577 255 1 325 8 477 1 150 1 429 406 2 442 4 046 1 407 2 639 19 318 1 477 199 347 1 510 604 15 178 3 055 2 866 5 141 295

586 764 099 599 488 426 569 017 107 017 985 397 298 990 594 586 008 219 813 743 492 244 657 270 734 670 479 613

2 061 221 1 757 553 1 767 484

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

All persons

324 508 120 248 464 078

132 766 427 301 154 786 958 228 343 872 211 554 415 970 090 845 245 072 100 738 452 820 163 799 000 938 083 888

21 012 7 878 28 576

42 564 58 829 59 798

Other race

66 647 32 621 57 259

160 972 95 157 149 877

774 626 169 499 507 30 90 623

199 065 132 763 751 402 781 397

5 049 999 2 463 282 318 431 723 470 727 926 291 899 2 586 717 229 247 91 418 218 597 448 589 549 417 1 812 203 244 567 551 244 1 255 8 099 1 095 1 370 392 2 319 3 886 1 342 2 544 18 461 1 393 191 284 1 406 581 14 604 2 943 2 755 4 944 286

462 812 171 406 924 044 953 844 725 017 387 365 815 000 418 108 310 743 437 563 468 898 165 212 904 922 296 959

1 974 207 1 698 924 1 682 359

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

439

Section Five: Census Data

Table 47.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Class of Worker, Work Status in 1989, and Last Occupation of Experienced Unemployed by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

CLASS OF WORKER Employed persons 16 years and over Private for profit wage and salary workers Employees of own corporation Private not-for-profit wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers In agriculture Unpaid family workers Employed females 16 years and over Private for profit wage and salary workers Employees of own corporation Private not-for-profit wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers

115 81 3 7 8 5 3 8 1

681 781 118 760 244 381 940 067 062 505 976 647 758 045 617 002 663 708 290

202 333 578 060 755 445 900 483 778 226 623 886 589 116 771 677 488 708 977

96 68 2 6 6 4 2 7 1

529 533 825 370 110 628 062 361 097 660 296 491 332 377 104 676 299 495 709 904 419 692 996 569 241 984 973 274 714 061 324 378 775 032 607 456 929 475

779 428 217 482 388 106 158 883 175 124 616 124 049 547 413 772 903 757 359 615 603 119 730 882 320 961 185 397 940 761 105 004 176 961 325 051 487 160

111 71 4 9 8 9 8 86 72 62 5 19 10 7 2 4 1 1

049 477 243 637 691 718 129 870 129 856 588 742 381 056 929 557 838

428 151 077 580 620 214 613 620 451 655 530 469 654 800 373 262 219

53 6 14 25 6 45 5 10 22 20 6 5 6 1 3 1

7 230 391 342 130 798 879 42 91 1 136 266 933 731 369 679

647 241 022 173 083 086 764 923 953 385 337 307 973 050

52 35 5 4 3 1 2

237 136 852 588 552 278 914 318 005 447 515 384 679 318 658 328 137 427 260

561 520 857 643 785 367 983 612 876 651 117 344 538 366 838 412 547 162 448

11 407 803 7 610 653 94 427 742 351 1 231 855 757 734 726 293 321 516 21 944 17 401 6 015 288 3 787 782 29 096 488 904 718 821 492 672 394 015 124 580 8 514

728 473 9 44 66 43 56 42 4 2 340 206 3 27 34 24 29 16 1

953 852 722 583 172 141 132 270 614 803 042 340 056 579 311 691 755 026 340

3 411 586 2 449 328 115 399 218 930 158 495 184 743 147 950 227 250 11 821 24 890 1 590 897 1 128 285 34 512 123 217 83 981 90 332 61 778 87 877 15 427

3 895 299 3 110 980 46 173 165 553 235 448 117 460 95 542 157 835 18 523 12 481 1 515 279 1 141 135 12 387 87 050 121 820 66 570 40 393 53 063 5 248

8 981 516 6 987 883 147 343 410 718 577 730 299 289 252 848 421 198 40 993 31 850 3 669 186 2 703 950 38 445 226 983 306 212 170 398 103 373 143 506 14 764

91 64 2 6 6 4 2 7

350 367 437 407 200 299 637 810 595 809 003 822 675 294 601 717 942 263 596 747 347 046 993 572 061 726 579 802 459 440 107 332 090 724 060 252 797 408

984 339 724 780 361 943 837 887 660 360 046 503 150 965 157 594 033 014 158 988 758 442 075 964 450 299 618 103 793 145 704 452 201 536 666 720 764 283

13 914 568 8 042 778 701 540 1 146 309 1 135 436 1 380 301 1 508 204 11 078 912 8 689 678 7 239 604 762 882 2 235 581 975 978 651 067 305 716 600 075 224 971 152 107 66 838 7 137 050 4 003 406 365 603 632 882 631 517 716 379 787 263 5 418 162 4 232 765 3 489 925 399 557 1 372 271 636 366 424 642 191 789 346 617 132 760 88 839 40 171

940 472 39 80 91 117 139 740 515 422 64 160 63 42 22 38 12 7 4 433 205 16 38 45 56 69 311 212 173 28 99 41 27 14 22 6 4 2

172 252 576 053 517 477 297 837 937 031 503 366 650 253 452 969 294 968 562 349 888 904 235 804 940 578 436 942 875 652 556 247 584 302 357 838 429 850

3 824 000 2 309 455 268 951 321 012 261 145 336 256 327 181 3 037 181 2 517 488 2 066 573 158 366 618 854 318 364 205 027 81 267 167 965 63 566 37 855 21 512 1 787 262 1 008 791 124 904 165 324 139 430 176 036 172 777 1 333 277 1 075 894 866 664 78 645 360 554 188 914 122 002 48 252 93 431 34 211 20 125 12 533

4 500 055 2 341 604 377 426 415 328 421 929 494 129 449 639 3 694 066 2 778 412 2 122 556 307 819 653 820 298 907 184 235 93 821 152 169 57 039 34 813 20 289 1 798 966 853 760 138 266 167 214 180 167 230 515 229 044 1 330 692 950 693 724 683 114 762 384 020 179 025 110 747 54 082 84 254 29 522 18 330 11 323

10 334 670 5 647 572 765 230 934 356 921 507 1 088 172 977 833 8 419 788 6 469 552 5 095 863 655 046 1 559 353 740 363 467 792 219 994 355 529 137 243 83 917 46 467 4 304 180 2 169 391 294 147 402 590 418 945 519 212 499 895 3 169 835 2 336 251 1 833 090 260 702 931 489 454 921 290 141 131 073 202 856 74 956 46 160 27 170

105 68 4 8 7 8 8 82 69 60 4 18 10 7 2 4 1 1

845 866 672 306 999 178 588 429 829 926 330 686 540 083 194 760 501

200 496 797 415 492 672 666 743 971 870 292 727 382 218 979 764 421

7 1 2 2

055 173 344 595 941 521 345 692 832 642 650 562 045 759 404 629 251

063 808 189 101 965 382 299 228 900 420 955 299 283 968 530 390 395

463 67 153 187 55 305 29 75 155 139 44 38 121 32 58 23 7

968 067 924 916 061 156 632 213 414 524 897 893 370 080 200 394 696

1 577 131 413 720 312 1 295 91 303 635 577 264 226 185 32 74 50 28

820 352 200 804 464 099 301 369 979 774 450 789 926 120 060 952 794

2 107 238 658 827 382 1 417 74 370 675 570 297 227 488 149 197 92 48

377 428 967 344 638 905 715 067 187 067 936 761 693 414 604 762 913

4 776 075 533 688 1 492 336 1 914 539 835 512 3 339 694 219 748 874 426 1 579 493 1 339 489 666 027 520 793 1 029 646 283 838 432 787 210 991 102 030

51 6 13 24 6 43 5 9 21 20 5 5 6

5 002 324 267 99 578 609 24 54 699 170 726 477 275 449

542 832 310 009 140 262 092 149 521 498 356 477 887 139

1 513 42 47 19 155 194 11 29 323 37 121 159 66 158

845 897 725 379 774 565 665 435 090 304 703 320 788 469

113 3 4 1 8 10

320 482 176 530 869 255 611 743 143 550 514 118 251 205

164 10 14 6 20 22

811 362 232 143 055 984 864 229 743 542 506 104 450 975

436 9 8 4 35 42 5 4 66 47 54 65 17 49

129 668 579 112 245 020 532 367 456 491 258 288 597 262

43 29 4 3 2 1 2

447 474 754 362 235 107 771 066 983 429 499 917 654 189 487 231 080 340 251

312 694 933 934 102 997 167 005 950 413 763 690 438 909 920 115 975 830 324

876 256 075 920 731 744 148 379 127 012 678 967 257 026 481 529 867 217 571 407 117 902 772 349 791 473 866 510 425 304 590 071 920 651 950 210 771 393

755 293 635 793 591 324 119 507 245 196 059 372 858 526 609 876 618 571 923 278 360 375 937 363 277 966 204 719 329 363 652 489 036 438 422 464 995 562

337 598 891 275 571 342 449 945 967 194 979 408 058 968 2 984 1 652 453

479 688 781 747 263 946 811 895 267 145 973 564 841 480 183 907 271

4 571 309 254 93 538 563 18 49 632 137 670 420 258 403

368 789 375 332 910 522 817 715 042 082 790 706 122 422

41 27 4 3 2 1 2

WORK STATUS IN 1989 Persons 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Usually worked 15 to 34 hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Usually worked 1 to 14 hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Females 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Usually worked 15 to 34 hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Usually worked 1 to 14 hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

134 84 5 11 10 11 11 105 87 74 6 23 12 8 3 5 2 1 61 35 2 5 5 6 5 42 34 28 3 15 8 5 2 3 1

50 29 2 4 4 5 4 34 27 23 2 13 7 5 1 3 1

48 28 1 4 4 4 4 32 26 22 2 12 7 4 1 2 1

WORKERS IN FAMILY IN 1989 Families No workers 1 worker 2 workers 3 or more workers Married-couple families No workers 1 worker 2 workers Husband and wife worked 3 or more workers Husband and wife worked Female householder, no husband present No workers 1 worker 2 workers 3 or more workers

65 8 18 29 8 51 6 11 26 23 7 6 10 2 4 2

3 1 1 3 1

LAST OCCUPATION OF EXPERIENCED UNEMPLOYED Persons 16 years and over Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Professional specialty occupations Technicians and related support occupations Sales occupations Administrative support occupations, including clerical Private household occupations Protective service occupations Service occupations, except protective and household Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Last worked 1984 or earlier, or uniquely military occupation

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

440

438 350

246 870

145 731

2 21 6 16 10 6 13

7 873

1 26 4 14 19 3 8

11 622

26 254

906 26 22 10 78 92 11 9 141 82 113 127 36 98

530 103 713 443 641 506 130 421 022 144 701 420 769 437

56 080

220 744

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

47

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 48.

Section Five: Census Data

Income in 1989 of Households, Families, and Persons by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

INCOME IN 1989 Households Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Families Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Married-couple families Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 or more Female householder, no husband present Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Males 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Females 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Per capita income (dollars) Persons in households (dollars) Persons in group quarters (dollars)

91 5 8 8 16 14 16 13 4 4 65 2 3 4 10 10 13 11 4 3 51 5 7 8 11 10 7 10 1 1 1 2 2 86

84

993 684 529 133 123 575 428 777 704 035 30 38 049 582 636 676 658 729 270 857 115 522 35 43 718 619 734 660 566 895 241 381 530 636 379 286 718 830 674 20

582 517 980 273 742 125 455 883 808 799 056 453 428 206 361 092 345 951 930 079 468 996 225 803 214 528 791 211 753 423 508 654 177 764 635 235 497 346 947 409 53.0 29 237 560 106 10 371 33.9 19 570 14 420 14 649 6 094

76 3 6 6 13 12 14 12 4 3 53 1 2 3 8 9 11 10 3 3 45 4 6 7 10 9 6 6

1 1 72

69

906 726 610 540 295 374 274 162 203 719 31 40 845 419 415 507 549 043 519 467 675 247 37 46 178 486 575 544 243 726 602 540 679 883 844 531 973 628 504 21

980 768 505 094 239 793 052 367 619 543 435 308 200 771 421 128 776 670 137 357 722 218 152 330 672 426 092 938 307 294 615 382 291 985 016 229 670 191 525 695 54.2 30 468 613 017 10 652 33.6 19 916 15 687 15 926 6 319

9 1 1 1 1 1 1

7

1 1 1

3

3

8

9

941 513 412 089 878 407 324 928 260 127 19 25 055 862 850 762 341 043 060 797 228 108 22 28 521 601 621 616 745 646 290 045 696 582 424 603 591 147 337 12

850 647 467 626 449 642 225 232 092 470 758 872 063 062 577 216 930 831 248 643 130 426 429 659 382 094 592 289 545 514 348 283 002 809 271 978 036 187 527 950 44.9 21 647 965 635 8 825 35.0 18 005 8 859 9 019 5 226

625 78 91 75 126 91 83 54 14 8 20 26 463 49 60 54 94 71 68 46 12 7 21 28 305 70 62 54 57 41 17 121 28 29 18 23 18 3 605 12

367 140 731 537 456 267 967 774 595 900 025 206 968 114 426 908 195 009 493 094 370 359 750 025 156 912 551 742 587 439 925 370 076 368 718 312 180 716 578 180 40.9 22 080 587 568 7 310 29.5 16 680 8 328 8 367 7 107

2 020 136 126 140 279 276 353 388 168 151 36 46 1 577 70 75 99 205 210 288 339 151 136 41 51 1 295 158 154 167 244 302 267 185 20 23 20 34 54 32 2 285 19

498 261 479 146 541 512 574 276 542 167 784 695 820 522 072 551 470 640 913 835 611 206 251 102 099 906 424 491 189 697 392 926 848 576 000 272 590 640 437 396 52.4 30 075 2 125 535 11 986 40.6 21 335 13 638 13 815 5 465

2 498 229 288 287 544 424 392 244 57 28 22 27 2 107 180 234 252 466 360 334 206 47 23 22 27 1 417 302 321 276 276 178 63 488 105 117 72 93 81 18 2 941 12

887 701 798 870 057 911 637 234 960 719 813 843 377 737 865 289 974 801 139 150 635 787 949 943 905 190 132 751 125 479 228 693 960 026 630 444 021 612 880 493 47.5 18 627 2 268 351 7 876 31.9 15 362 7 340 7 366 6 162

5 872 519 653 644 1 205 963 937 653 180 114 24 30 4 776 365 483 535 998 798 789 557 152 96 25 31 3 339 664 692 612 653 489 225 1 029 206 224 151 202 194 50 6 688 13

040 528 488 179 131 489 461 931 396 437 156 301 075 222 067 520 207 318 353 096 405 887 064 195 694 507 958 960 998 380 891 646 345 843 134 370 382 572 401 501 48.7 20 316 5 473 121 8 354 33.4 16 307 8 400 8 444 6 449

73 3 6 6 12 11 13 11 4 3 51 1 2 3 8 8 11 10 3 3 43 4 6 7 9 9 6 6

1 1 68

66

747 465 274 205 675 867 758 774 087 637 31 40 337 254 186 240 049 629 087 134 576 177 37 46 342 139 220 223 882 429 447 058 592 789 773 432 870 599 980 22

747 190 975 647 640 672 950 378 521 774 672 646 479 559 825 989 852 800 614 128 462 250 628 930 946 565 151 464 640 713 413 841 849 442 575 881 903 191 277 065 54.4 30 764 627 911 10 747 33.6 20 048 16 074 16 326 6 330

MEDIAN INCOME IN 1989 BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Family type and presence of own children: Families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Married-couple families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Female householder, no husband present (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Workers in family in 1989: No workers (dollars) 1 worker (dollars) 2 or more workers (dollars) Husband and wife worked (dollars) Nonfamily households (dollars) Male householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars) Female householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars)

35 34 31 39 40 36 17 12 7

225 627 580 584 693 490 414 485 775

37 37 34 40 41 37 20 15 8

152 303 547 396 686 369 340 011 942

22 20 16 33 35 31 12 9 6

429 292 924 538 162 268 522 539 330

21 20 16 28 28 22 10 8 6

750 221 856 287 124 901 742 692 279

41 41 37 44 44 40 22 15 10

251 025 325 965 966 210 983 791 838

22 21 20 27 27 24 11 8 6

949 789 007 731 219 138 262 915 502

25 23 21 29 29 25 12 9 6

064 417 230 930 208 918 406 586 823

37 38 35 40 42 37 20 15 9

628 074 352 723 172 908 807 444 117

14 25 44 46 17 22 20 11 13 12 8

622 517 500 340 240 630 193 688 729 226 639

17 27 45 47 17 24 21 12 14 12 9

311 998 738 005 991 115 219 574 294 737 185

5 15 36 41 11 15 13 6 9 8 5

308 764 955 557 624 368 160 676 060 042 358

6 15 32 35 12 15 11 6 9 8 6

069 526 978 390 183 059 775 792 939 142 179

9 27 50 52 21 23 21 9 18 16 7

050 860 706 729 336 807 958 295 405 190 731

5 15 32 34 14 18 14 6 9 7 5

431 776 272 166 905 095 185 519 904 828 436

5 16 34 37 15 19 15 7 10 8 5

976 914 879 007 243 144 484 159 624 517 721

17 28 46 47 18 24 21 12 14 12 9

781 714 122 273 067 283 353 726 369 837 276

2 020 498 1 799 815 47 021 1 737 401 44 129 277 492 27 804 19 202 12 690 856 647

INCOME TYPE IN 1989 Households With earnings Mean earnings (dollars) With wage or salary income Mean wage or salary income (dollars) With nonfarm self-employment income Mean nonfarm self-employment income (dollars) With farm self-employment income Mean farm self-employment income (dollars) With interest, dividend, or net rental income Mean interest, dividend, or net rental income (dollars) With Social Security income Mean Social Security income (dollars) With public assistance income Mean public assistance income (dollars) With retirement income Mean retirement income (dollars) With other income Mean other income (dollars)

48

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

91 993 582 73 874 069 39 143 71 174 232 37 271 10 810 605 20 218 2 020 105 10 064 37 242 801

76 906 980 61 696 794 40 659 59 227 199 38 633 9 785 727 20 519 1 931 481 10 171 34 779 342

9 941 850 7 689 508 28 754 7 578 431 28 307 494 841 12 852 41 044 5 449 1 182 252

625 509 27 494 26 60 14 11 6 129

367 200 324 123 277 297 260 121 235 992

6 24 210 7 6 943 4 14 353 9 9 344 4

7 21 382 8 4 269 4 12 818 9 7 844 4

2 2 191 5 1 955 3 1 163 7 1 043 3

3 115 6 116 4 66 7 83 3

646 261 133 009 145 790 640 317 641

949 922 772 269 078 202 216 304 093

180 990 007 641 059 402 409 227 146

785 956 942 533 695 375 579 079 596

5 237 6 199 6 157 9 134 5

211 518 819 127 852 114 549 430 723

2 498 887 2 178 752 29 118 2 137 078 28 285 192 248 14 801 17 257 8 509 294 568 2 283 5 402 4 147 5 239 3

943 197 688 959 738 521 748 251 769

5 872 040 5 058 335 31 542 4 940 948 30 433 519 133 16 920 44 511 9 047 974 491 4 857 6 839 4 451 6 539 3

129 372 206 908 501 349 889 080 978

73 747 747 58 989 523 40 987 56 592 451 38 933 9 473 587 20 593 1 905 614 10 180 34 128 343 7 20 836 8 3 878 4 12 530 9 7 564 4

227 706 046 673 041 731 453 340 146

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

441

Section Five: Census Data

Table 49.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Poverty Status in 1989 of Families and Persons by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

ALL INCOME LEVELS IN 1989 Families In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Unrelated individuals for whom poverty status is determined Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Persons for whom poverty status is determined Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years

65 47 33 14 51 36 4 5 2 10 49 5 14 51 25 11 42 30 40 8 2 11 10 6 2 6 3 7 1 2 2

049 221 536 250 357 318 817 888 554 796 435 024 633 718 258 134 105 876 340 856 196 580 381 783 532 889 876 088 549 541 380

428 605 660 048 521 276 701 505 838 925 732 146 024 214 549 320 587 792 133 941 987 548 654 155 331 101 706 336 529 129 686

53 41 25 10 42 31 3 3 1 9 42 2 12 45 21 9 36 27 36 8 1 10 6 3 1 4 2 4 1 1 1

845 666 929 777 948 057 799 147 877 618 422 943 826 178 032 165 703 241 071 150 595 551 540 868 245 520 640 815 167 180 748

200 428 135 426 299 625 301 700 270 752 515 001 264 672 242 153 966 494 856 180 184 848 382 218 846 231 115 394 361 751 397

36 26 12 9 241 179 29 62 21 44

672 944 782 752 977 372 562 278 604 300

001 154 991 744 859 340 647 655 123 630

30 23 11 8 194 147 26 46 16 33

375 061 539 681 811 704 333 880 204 408

7 3 4 2 5 3

063 403 116 961 636 072 682 553 679 302 185 805 865 382 944 135 960 675 687 633 404 515 283 622 650 466 228 252 013 071 774

463 270 313 144 348 197 64 11 31 44 305 88 75 305 192 89 245 151 207 29 34 48 121 95 42 73 32 75 12 47 20

968 377 592 727 200 646 327 812 542 476 619 762 315 156 449 027 868 004 764 148 530 378 370 511 989 683 741 312 115 625 903

1 577 949 996 427 1 324 908 69 1 239 43 140 1 273 171 183 1 295 846 377 1 116 784 1 069 113 116 141 185 111 37 127 73 128 18 41 28

820 558 789 763 838 573 169 508 244 075 900 172 312 099 351 487 840 751 747 452 160 343 926 206 058 662 571 201 962 385 903

2 107 846 1 598 835 1 680 985 170 1 047 190 110 914 337 215 1 417 1 081 583 1 238 763 640 71 123 136 488 392 182 268 125 194 30 193 59

377 839 028 171 548 360 222 932 103 320 513 406 268 905 563 518 953 868 079 528 709 464 693 598 788 059 051 177 078 297 709

562 780 278 911 704 667 010 667 013 002

4 208 285 2 886 787 961 781 892 690 28 663 173 19 327 265 2 385 907 9 284 053 3 216 863 6 599 196

278 161 64 37 1 950 1 279 113 664 231 471

246 399 930 681 915 684 052 454 655 750

793 442 129 70 068 042 434 015 683 449

413 678 766 525 454 079 119 646 890 657

1 016 391 87 69 9 483 6 018 296 3 433 1 267 2 372

3 787 586 7.0 1 660 991 2 720 709 1 388 096 2 003 509 559 479 664 549 374 154 430 358 516 038 2 050 477 1 094 183 709 269 4 856 2 042 584 1 232 264 673 129 1 139 655 412 041 1 032 170 390 165 356 651 481 923 4 720 1 517 746 1 327 810 636 307 727 287 115 458 902 046 104 759 692 869 188 630 5 068 6 492 447 21.4 3 956 178 1 607 889 1 959 075 3 166 19 025 235 9.8 13 148 968 2 854 161 5 695 183 2 231 488 3 836 033 26 422 974 50 983 766

1 852 014 26.3 454 432 1 550 105 817 253 777 559 179 343 296 653 73 281 231 362 197 481 895 837 888 048 306 718 6 156 387 992 256 927 132 854 178 572 56 183 161 223 85 691 102 309 112 272 5 313 1 356 384 1 216 660 645 676 549 447 110 452 686 327 96 037 755 527 171 162 6 453 1 593 404 37.9 980 884 295 158 460 486 3 471 8 441 429 29.5 4 724 301 761 623 3 671 536 1 410 273 2 489 090 10 325 165 15 137 833

125 432 27.0 51 562 104 796 58 315 63 196 12 167 23 948 2 515 15 017 11 211 62 109 54 404 18 332 5 938 51 812 39 646 23 123 29 345 7 005 23 835 5 732 16 184 9 170 5 977 61 131 55 054 29 124 26 600 3 922 32 129 4 531 34 480 7 631 5 922 113 823 40.9 53 431 21 090 16 360 3 714 603 188 30.9 342 785 33 219 254 431 102 229 168 816 747 713 1 099 251

4 1 1 3 2 2 1 2

3 2 1 1 1 1 1

055 488 699 064 055 169 714 441 412 883 519 483 332 521 105 919 799 935 350 492 327 702 045 315 023 899 005 875 321 078 522

7 5 2 1

4 2 3 1 3 2

075 435 568 629 513 303 823 032 154 526 580 482 140 694 405 491 065 835 727 232 493 083 646 487 235 021 656 745 741 937 265

51 39 24 10 40 29 3 2 1 9 40 2 12 42 19 8 34 25 34 7 1 9 6 3 1 4 2 4 1 1 1

337 843 811 194 898 625 600 764 722 058 841 829 096 785 979 599 802 896 562 680 500 945 415 870 260 494 627 808 095 169 659

479 104 845 315 459 967 592 656 160 625 487 398 143 906 328 942 995 695 667 962 428 243 256 845 399 482 999 024 393 372 943

495 510 236 937 613 645 559 835 702 025

2 423 197 1 095 965 309 934 260 283 21 388 017 13 915 101 1 027 755 7 411 310 2 717 165 5 139 867

28 21 10 8 182 139 24 43 14 30

367 669 919 124 800 393 950 206 863 853

481 520 678 536 924 591 136 797 865 463

539 976 25.6 106 013 479 014 280 486 286 909 81 915 70 039 263 841 71 779 24 119 151 014 190 959 47 839 6 012 247 586 214 691 133 507 173 019 57 356 61 665 13 688 44 621 24 046 5 926 247 067 227 809 123 851 83 583 16 173 76 943 8 540 138 697 19 999 6 215 415 287 40.9 115 496 20 674 35 723 4 113 675 816 28.2 447 189 79 453 203 558 467 361 812 936 475 348 537 425

1 067 179 22.3 246 971 920 524 523 812 568 434 165 164 136 770 523 594 128 678 67 961 318 379 358 515 112 495 5 942 510 211 424 054 256 143 344 303 116 186 135 971 41 868 92 347 60 852 5 817 470 419 428 177 226 184 166 736 32 943 157 238 21 428 251 953 43 205 6 176 927 545 38.3 307 943 68 033 124 455 3 969 5 403 492 25.3 2 996 026 246 362 2 356 825 909 240 1 598 712 7 028 410 11 306 861

2 2 3 2 1 2 1 1

1

776 234 353 673 811 344 364 273 352 375 366 679 621 339 329 201 867 847 726 267 271 423 029 782 345 596 296 461 84 366 151

INCOME IN 1989 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL Families Percent below poverty level In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Unrelated individuals Percent below poverty level Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Mean income deficit (dollars) Persons Percent below poverty level Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years Persons below 125 percent of poverty level Persons below 200 percent of poverty level

6 487 515 10.0 2 307 947 4 992 845 2 613 626 3 215 463 853 067 1 073 192 876 281 763 410 762 939 3 265 377 2 286 388 1 094 068 5 379 2 849 984 1 834 332 1 011 812 1 581 202 549 131 1 351 051 506 426 554 412 635 487 4 994 3 230 201 2 866 941 1 452 618 1 403 435 248 472 1 721 637 215 978 1 642 582 390 389 5 764 8 873 475 24.2 5 210 297 1 957 191 2 494 332 3 311 31 742 864 13.1 20 313 948 3 780 585 11 161 836 4 331 825 7 544 737 42 246 073 74 909 296

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

442

182 507 11.6 34 949 138 221 69 476 84 290 20 163 18 003 162 490 14 894 14 090 105 940 58 794 11 910 6 099 120 010 90 804 49 199 60 611 16 546 72 158 11 150 34 647 8 076 6 266 47 873 39 608 17 660 16 518 2 467 24 192 2 111 21 009 2 967 5 786 258 514 32.6 104 308 12 380 22 688 4 504 997 196 14.1 650 705 52 129 337 128 120 474 237 862 1 274 873 2 151 021

2 1 1

3 5

3 572 683 7.0 1 582 305 2 562 708 1 288 796 1 871 711 511 950 631 518 221 355 407 022 490 610 2 045 143 1 067 904 676 032 4 875 1 845 075 1 085 474 579 634 1 003 200 361 713 990 676 366 688 329 613 449 875 4 669 1 517 708 1 330 290 639 943 746 303 122 591 938 748 103 323 694 564 189 180 5 155 6 003 223 21.2 3 734 887 1 533 703 1 836 613 3 150 16 774 507 9.2 11 950 741 2 673 031 4 663 625 1 840 047 3 129 318 23 368 486 45 758 478

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

49

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 50.

Section Five: Census Data

Selected Characteristics of Persons 60 Years and Over by Age by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Race

United States All persons

White

10 635 762 10 521 298 114 464 59 648 18 218 481 17 884 074 334 407 247 973 12 976 794 11 580 219 1 396 575 1 305 978

9 222 857 9 129 708 93 149 49 488 16 138 327 15 849 192 289 135 216 156 11 691 745 10 394 133 1 297 612 1 216 973

10 1 2 3 1 1 18 3 3 5 2 2 12 4 2 2 1 1

9 1 1 3 1 1 16 2 3 5 2 1 11 3 2 2 1 1

Black

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Hispanic origin (of any race)

White, not of Hispanic origin

967 950 17 8 1 511 1 473 38 27 989 906 82 75

266 133 133 460 617 298 319 637 224 761 463 047

54 040 53 196 844 459 74 320 72 706 1 614 1 211 43 403 40 038 3 365 3 026

215 276 213 796 1 480 507 295 142 292 155 2 987 1 526 147 432 140 077 7 355 5 688

176 323 174 465 1 858 734 199 075 196 723 2 352 1 443 104 990 99 210 5 780 5 244

538 532 6 2 671 661 9 5 385 362 22 19

862 660 202 196 012 652 360 434 184 620 564 882

8 879 428 8 789 983 89 445 48 124 15 689 368 15 406 503 282 865 212 476 11 424 212 10 142 768 1 281 444 1 202 833

8 1 1 3 1 1 15 2 3 5 2 1 11 3 2 2 1 1

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Persons 60 to 64 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 65 to 74 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 75 years and over In households In group quarters Nursing homes

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 60 to 64 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 65 to 74 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 75 years and over Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher

635 627 111 429 884 582 218 636 789 774 897 120 976 453 709 961 616 236

762 746 592 376 132 916 481 494 423 343 366 855 794 073 473 417 777 054

222 178 737 133 716 456 138 770 267 398 715 986 691 705 456 809 544 175

857 437 520 885 401 614 327 848 541 514 353 071 745 588 934 591 620 012

967 269 300 207 115 75 1 511 602 430 268 126 84 989 570 212 112 52 41

266 444 300 190 056 276 617 045 385 099 189 899 224 377 268 772 176 631

54 18 12 11 8 3 74 28 17 14 9 4 43 22 8 6 3 2

040 368 667 091 131 783 320 536 347 298 630 509 403 788 732 188 664 031

215 52 29 56 34 42 295 99 43 73 38 41 147 73 19 25 13 15

276 212 774 331 205 754 142 123 146 375 129 369 432 358 361 595 434 684

176 109 31 20 10 4 199 135 31 20 8 4 104 80 12 7 2 1

323 285 331 879 339 489 075 942 004 057 065 007 990 962 178 271 883 696

538 257 104 88 53 34 671 363 123 100 50 33 385 253 58 40 18 14

862 784 178 651 721 528 012 069 118 040 825 960 184 500 718 321 455 190

3 863 77 151 239 639 671 788 1 295 1 637 282 341 254 356 186 215

879 037 668 069 675 428 689 554 180 322 674 957 424 540 412 778 530 163

428 848 702 262 049 567 368 840 054 349 456 669 212 182 805 057 042 126

733 968 376 904 545 469 016 455 5.1

3 488 62 123 206 572 611 720 1 192

671 175 305 430 447 710 604 000 4.3

239 10 19 22 45 39 43 58

742 233 109 805 170 677 877 871 12.9

17 1 1 2 3 2 2 3

231 037 913 037 616 821 630 177 17.7

64 1 2 2 7 7 11 31

957 918 231 775 488 716 469 360 7.3

53 2 4 5 10 9 9 10

132 605 818 857 824 545 436 047 16.4

172 7 12 15 34 29 31 41

855 052 383 988 135 607 979 711 12.2

3 282 57 114 192 536 574 676 1 131

559 264 569 695 167 157 548 159 4.2

721 378 892 933 102 922 494 24.6

1 384 198 277 223 317 168 198

341 467 250 101 937 805 781 21.1

206 71 52 26 30 14 12

669 238 242 007 588 299 295 45.2

9 3 2 1 1

561 184 848 163 315 521 530 45.3

17 2 2 2 3 2 3

243 671 825 373 770 287 317 20.9

19 6 6 2 2 1

907 818 727 289 492 010 571 50.2

64 18 18 8 9 4 4

508 766 431 768 839 314 390 41.6

1 295 187 257 208 296 158 185

398 694 288 817 796 847 956 21.2

6 105 105 377 683 1 565 1 168 1 006 1 197

480 626 532 471 961 869 332 689 4.8 4 238 144 673 028 1 351 851 783 518 792 343 315 489 321 915 22.6

5 607 83 310 608 1 450 1 093 938 1 122

732 632 633 600 842 356 300 369 3.9 3 724 122 496 672 1 155 260 721 399 742 747 298 602 309 442 19.4

344 15 50 54 84 52 44 42

141 289 250 655 386 278 844 439 15.2 430 259 153 485 163 614 52 172 39 690 12 903 8 395 46.8

21 1 3 3 5 3 2 1

183 046 160 823 632 265 329 928 17.6 18 762 5 199 7 608 2 364 2 214 778 599 39.4

80 3 5 7 12 11 14 25

457 201 545 357 494 995 461 404 9.4 31 951 6 586 9 745 4 494 5 526 2 653 2 947 25.8

51 2 7 9 12 7 6 5

967 458 944 036 607 975 398 549 17.9 33 050 11 086 15 624 3 089 2 166 553 532 49.0

192 7 25 30 46 30 25 25

250 419 403 205 953 530 776 964 14.1 121 743 37 711 49 628 14 168 12 509 4 008 3 719 43.7

5 285 78 291 570 1 366 1 030 886 1 061

2 751 73 311 488 754 427 323 371

2 542 60 263 444 706 403 307 355

148 9 37 32 34 15 10 8

7 965 512 2 215 1 676 1 704 839 513 506 25.0 14 618 5 268 6 178 1 513 1 071 299 289 48.2

32 1 3 5 6 4 4 5

19 1 4 4 4 2 1 1

74 3 17 17 17 7 5 5

2 395 57 248 416 665 381 289 336

INCOME AND POVERTY STATUS IN 1989 Married-couple families, householder 60 to 64 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 60 to 64 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 65 to 74 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 65 to 74 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 75 years and over Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 75 years and over living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level

50

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

461 814 762 925 492 153 881 434 7.7 4 751 106 896 651 1 870 393 790 052 654 606 256 210 283 194 27.0

448 830 707 636 952 886 237 200 6.7 4 338 947 719 314 1 701 222 755 439 633 951 250 267 278 754 24.3

492 935 150 231 701 729 085 661 22.5 351 051 157 644 140 919 28 830 16 429 4 379 2 850 57.7

995 326 964 737 714 688 614 952 11.0 23 059 5 380 10 591 2 577 2 444 1 006 1 061 32.9

561 211 726 645 421 011 432 115 22.5 23 431 9 045 11 483 1 693 711 259 240 53.1

982 832 194 407 448 967 919 215 19.8 94 854 36 488 41 233 8 647 5 169 1 600 1 717 51.2

558 609 046 662 436 540 401 864 3.9 3 484 726 469 343 1 076 453 675 492 694 260 279 497 289 681 19.5 404 953 211 606 932 170 441 091 6.7 4 062 720 677 911 1 585 707 707 020 594 867 234 991 262 224 24.4

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

443

Section Five: Census Data

Table 105.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age, Fertility, and Household and Family Composition for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

AGE All persons Under 3 years 3 and 4 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 45 50 55 60 65 75

to 44 years to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 74 years years and over Median age

2 015 119 78 197 188 107 73 171 186 181 158

143 287 509 456 374 015 262 619 025 313 133

1 937 112 74 189 181 103 70 164 178 174 152

391 910 923 240 699 053 520 091 043 381 528

55 5 2 6 4 2 2 5 5 4 3

674 029 785 122 937 787 033 543 634 702 786

22 078 1 348 801 2 094 1 738 1 175 709 1 985 2 348 2 230 1 819

7 226 341 232 587 551 338 251 606 688 725 674

986 957 476 783 483 729 940 252 392 669 166

6 876 320 217 550 516 319 238 572 652 693 647

394 113 707 739 781 884 247 578 469 487 958

1 648 66 41 102 107 66 55 132 170 175 167

696 720 741 295 327 708 149 055 735 395 318

1 419 60 41 107 110 67 50 116 121 132 132

711 957 591 032 178 386 504 755 851 710 309

866 28 18 46 40 24 20 60 78 89 81

160 454 732 752 128 003 842 847 698 564 342

786 38 26 67 65 34 23 66 80 82 80

694 656 363 703 878 320 222 362 586 979 224

797 40 29 70 63 41 32 63 70 83 67

304 258 882 337 066 989 257 995 049 781 125

133 102 80 64 54 74 43

719 852 866 950 040 320 403 26.9

129 99 78 62 52 72 41

577 406 318 425 281 116 880 27.0

2 2 1 1 1 1 1

731 201 635 793 229 574 153 23.7

1 411 1 245 913 732 530 630 370 27.5

583 417 318 250 215 295 147

890 981 170 248 276 142 432 30.1

562 402 305 240 207 285 142

945 052 560 240 438 497 699 30.4

144 87 76 64 58 86 44

460 523 587 911 000 899 873 32.3

121 92 68 49 44 60 40

676 915 860 339 653 877 118 31.3

68 51 42 52 55 74 31

654 365 492 879 204 220 984 36.5

75 54 35 20 13 15 5

175 613 957 470 333 422 431 29.4

61 53 41 25 17 24 9

987 673 839 675 407 066 918 29.1

4 932 3 047 618 915 1 337 1 461 5 050 10 647 2 108 3 321 8 430 2 538

1 856 792 427 445 511 1 148 2 173 3 700 1 703 1 639 3 301 2 014

581 261 91 653 158 82 769 67 530 816 725 215 779 523 1 075 550 528 749 218 1 361

3 143 9 547 3 038 354 337 696 636 472 648 2 688 8 826 3 283

1 565 3 831 2 448 126 318 460 358 156 147 1 468 3 732 2 542

FERTILITY Women 15 to 24 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 25 to 34 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

169 637 90 637 534 38 482 49 917 1 297 186 646 352 449 1 888 136 936 294 715 2 152

162 849 86 798 533 37 122 48 069 1 295 179 423 338 102 1 884 131 976 282 984 2 144

Women 35 to 44 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women No children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 or more children Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

150 372 2 19 22 41 31 18 16 134 351 2

145 359 2 19 21 40 30 17 15 130 339 2

205 668 481 659 464 220 929 226 707 368 771 618

497 290 469 179 809 064 935 598 912 212 213 605

672 1 299 1 123 115 244 119 41 28 617 1 285 2

487 946 933 120 288 357 176 685 861 501 080 081

548 629 79 829 146 76 390 60 647 794 691 570 721 784 1 044 525 790 698 140 1 328 648 1 238 1 119 112 238 114 38 25 596 1 225 2

858 665 909 662 329 471 432 279 685 355 885 056

123 363 6 312 51 9 695 4 678 483 174 604 120 512 690 121 550 117 387 966

116 621 21 252 182 18 129 15 563 858 145 766 160 930 1 104 109 880 153 271 1 395

161 275 1 32 31 61 26 6 2 147 274 1

149 283 1 30 24 47 30 10 5 133 279 2

907 684 703 941 772 320 346 913 615 073 153 864

53 062 4 114 78 4 779 2 837 594 86 488 60 317 697 58 096 58 761 1 011

58 696 7 736 132 12 826 6 798 530 74 682 84 985 1 138 66 188 83 976 1 269

71 257 5 125 72 7 578 3 794 501 90 249 96 251 1 067 76 935 95 008 1 235

480 702 898 895 887 343 002 961 392 601 108 089

77 114 1 21 15 28 10 2

695 191 470 260 185 258 321 121 550 68 649 113 351 1 651

71 145 2 7 10 35 13 3 1 69 145 2

604 634 034 012 224 644 679 405 640 383 185 093

79 141 1 11 14 37 13 2

718 576 776 515 416 836 093 233 625 77 343 141 097 1 824

1 419 711 1 393 874 293 229 229 676 63 553 63 146 28 603 34 543 296 970 485 654 182 077 72 798 25 837 3.63 3.97

866 844 208 173 34 107 55 52 230 221 35 42 21

160 890 165 501 664 714 070 644 246 140 407 218 270 2.47 3.07

786 771 192 176 16 40 31 9 166 271 69 30 15

694 046 836 538 298 856 648 208 021 509 350 474 648 3.37 3.73

797 778 163 137 25 38 16 21 192 303 54 27 18

304 929 149 582 567 619 827 792 115 696 318 032 375 3.16 3.55

208 86 41 174 76 38 24 8 2 7 4 3 1 2 158

165 852 632 211 414 850 765 465 072 098 928 436 266 913 069 85.2

192 132 62 174 125 60 8 4 1 13 4 10 1 1 232

836 489 677 768 577 511 587 684 406 482 664 745 927 910 920 90.9

163 102 44 137 89 41 18 10 2 9 4 6 1 2 245

149 325 281 178 775 545 419 011 176 434 191 429 186 366 532 88.0

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Female Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

2 015 143 1 952 539 463 968 309 410 154 558 161 399 83 327 78 072 310 579 751 748 146 374 118 471 62 604 3.08 3.57

1 937 391 1 878 153 449 281 299 482 149 799 155 619 79 713 75 906 299 422 720 078 140 048 113 705 59 238 3.07 3.55

55 53 10 6 3 3 2 1 7 23 4 3 2

674 058 049 634 415 688 451 237 428 742 909 242 616 3.52 4.19

22 21 4 3 1 2 1

078 328 638 294 344 092 163 929 3 729 7 928 1 417 1 524 750 2.99 3.58

7 7 1 1

226 074 577 308 269 442 244 197 1 504 2 505 686 356 152

986 394 820 673 147 678 905 773 756 467 998 675 592 3.29 3.74

6 6 1 1

876 734 506 255 251 425 234 190 1 450 2 369 648 334 142

394 211 724 352 372 340 658 682 499 069 410 169 183 3.28 3.73

049 806 193 260 424 766 636 764 036 411 339 144 72 865 21 660 60.8

4 2 1 3 2 1

1 577 938 445 1 295 815 402 185 94 32 125 65 79 18 34 2 052

820 105 422 099 582 836 926 498 582 397 285 014 902 966 428 82.2

1 506 892 421 1 242 780 384 172 86 28 116 57 75 16 30 1 925

724 633 773 237 862 494 861 336 544 108 357 634 883 308 224 83.3

1 648 696 1 609 368 389 818 332 525 57 293 119 577 65 119 54 458 347 014 513 578 158 452 80 929 39 328 3.12 3.58

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Subfamilies With own children under 18 years Married-couple subfamilies With own children under 18 years Mother-child subfamilies Persons under 18 years Percent living with two parents

463 281 138 305 178 88 121 80 38 37 34 4 2 23 690

968 698 756 156 736 960 370 840 040 017 535 994 512 985 641 55.7

449 271 133 295 172 85 117 78 36 35 32 4 2 22 661

281 938 017 600 271 091 790 372 647 361 982 794 415 976 825 55.4

10 6 4 6 4 2 2 1 1 1 1

638 954 546 296 041 103 944 704 357 245 214 56 25 144 7 156 63.8

389 208 95 330 190 90 36 14 3 29 11 21 4 5 384

818 745 746 606 024 784 708 056 549 291 647 916 272 081 791 86.8

293 176 77 231 148 67 44 21 7 35 18 22 5 10 387

229 289 657 168 411 793 304 930 540 957 803 421 267 188 144 79.7

UNMARRIED-PARTNER HOUSEHOLDS Total Male and female Both male Both female

45 554 44 191 588 775

43 868 42 564 564 740

1 156 1 118 19 19

530 509 5 16

48 517 46 325 1 300 892

43 187 41 266 1 181 740

8 206 7 750 218 238

11 448 10 854 361 233

9 232 8 913 232 87

2 514 2 317 151 46

3 492 3 446 28 18

625 367 33 550

604 900 32 008

13 737 1 333

6 730 209

2 020 498 115 178

1 932 064 107 511

509 395 27 343

356 375 32 923

315 879 7 152

233 692 12 699

201 768 8 401

49 173 8 106

47 168 7 878

1 477 100

528 128

239 073 30 025

228 074 28 387

53 702 6 642

59 842 8 645

13 920 2 571

25 879 2 081

15 881 2 115

SELECTED LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Households With one or more subfamilies With related members 15 years and over other than spouse, children, parents, or parents-in-law of householder With roomer, boarder, or foster child 15 years and over

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

444

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

105

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 105.

Section Five: Census Data

Age, Fertility, and Household and Family Composition for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Con.

Pacific Islander

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

AGE All persons Under 3 years 3 and 4 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 45 50 55 60 65 75

to 44 years to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 74 years years and over Median age

593 29 19 53 53 42 28 61 61 59 56

213 266 858 748 952 519 144 885 595 700 270

149 10 8 26 14 8 5 12 10 12 11

047 851 830 075 923 799 704 401 665 181 343

94 11 8 19 11 5 2 6 6 4 4

439 760 871 966 245 500 995 886 603 835 088

147 9 7 20 18 10 5 12 13 13 10

375 946 126 361 517 380 999 525 360 394 663

91 2 1 5 7 4 3 7 8 8 12

360 876 805 994 107 923 150 541 183 988 160

282 20 12 30 24 13 10 31 30 29 25

395 369 908 476 460 357 281 326 144 960 116

350 21 14 37 34 18 13 33 35 32 26

592 844 769 044 702 845 693 674 923 182 208

205 11 8 20 19 10 7 18 20 18 15

501 974 035 986 949 855 310 678 283 528 458

57 4 3 7 6 3 2 5 5 4 3

679 585 127 221 386 335 559 895 784 451 722

47 2 1 4 4 2 2 4 5 5 4

41 27 18 12 9 11 5

256 258 807 764 606 237 348 25.6

7 6 4 3 1 2

900 511 084 332 809 779 860 19.7

2 2 1 1

13 597 5 423 399 2 752 3 362 1 222 12 927 29 844 2 309 10 545 27 605 2 618

7 8 1 3 8 2 5 25 4 5 24 4

052 778 245 514 083 300 427 060 618 123 755 832

14 025 6 629 473 3 745 5 099 1 362 13 197 31 255 2 368 11 678 30 281 2 593

10 141 34 528 3 405 874 918 1 800 2 155 1 595 2 799 9 546 33 789 3 540

3 503 21 288 6 077 121 146 163 206 356 2 511 3 419 21 249 6 215

8 520 29 722 3 488 663 683 1 327 1 922 1 582 2 343 8 246 29 377 3 563

754 447 901 413 637 585 178 806 314 188 051

39 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 4 4 2

658 838 706 424 730 070 646 295 542 015 977

912 163 790 339 828 1 932 726 12.7

7 5 4 2 1 2 1

588 958 116 442 637 354 009 20.5

13 8 3 1

359 659 538 225 784 879 189 32.3

17 11 7 5 4 4 2

978 414 490 864 177 832 243 24.7

20 15 12 10 7 9 4

945 929 610 008 838 645 733 25.1

12 10 7 6 5 6 3

688 532 967 760 432 668 398 26.2

2 2 1 1 1 1

839 007 901 175 074 109 509 21.3

3 1 1 1

269 772 517 131 830 1 199 516 25.9

2 149 1 618 1 225 942 502 669 310 23.9

5 696 2 089 367 1 138 1 363 1 198 5 087 9 970 1 960 3 727 9 009 2 417

4 807 1 565 326 1 003 958 955 5 020 8 311 1 656 4 010 7 659 1 910

4 022 928 231 834 706 847 4 311 7 391 1 714 3 452 6 939 2 010

3 265 10 256 3 141 390 447 544 536 496 852 2 970 9 968 3 356

3 657 9 565 2 616 435 365 1 061 833 558 405 3 398 9 345 2 750

2 673 8 020 3 000 286 320 648 443 407 569 2 549 7 971 3 127

FERTILITY Women 15 to 24 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 25 to 34 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 35 to 44 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women No children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 or more children Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

58 149 8 911 153 7 471 6 165 825 52 783 75 243 1 426 39 027 71 714 1 838

8 119 1 008 124 1 222 751 615 9 891 7 782 787 7 030 7 501 1 067

50 126 2 6 7 13 10 6 5 45 123 2

250 003 508 965 302 097 230 795 861 831 081 686

17 29 1 3 3 5 2

645 734 685 922 758 819 841 872 433 16 506 29 655 1 797

593 583 118 93 24 22 16 6 94 232 75 39 9

213 554 309 545 764 384 099 285 937 582 763 579 659 3.99 4.26

149 148 28 19 9 1 1

047 247 185 064 121 869 179 690 19 755 72 907 17 242 8 289 800 4.91 4.90

94 93 14 11 2

147 146 28 23 4 2 1

375 455 592 947 645 210 774 436 23 670 71 328 15 958 4 697 920 4.75 4.90

91 89 16 12 4 6 3 3 25 25 7 6 1

118 81 40 84 65 34 18 12 4 9 5 5 1 3 199

309 614 828 819 090 502 815 101 983 350 591 082 323 242 343 74.4

28 23 13 19 17 10 7 5 3 3 2 1

14 12 9 11 11 8 1 1

28 23 12 23 20 10 3 2 1 2 1 1

16 10 4 12 8 3 3 1

24 688 4 541 184 4 679 3 517 752 25 556 29 605 1 158 19 738 27 881 1 413

32 632 11 824 362 6 379 6 883 1 079 33 645 57 739 1 716 24 738 51 078 2 065

18 107 7 242 400 3 404 3 856 1 133 19 227 32 067 1 668 13 549 27 471 2 028

18 36 1 3 3 5 3 1

23 61 2 3 2 5 4 3 3 21 59 2

629 281 593 458 959 886 744 406 176 146 195 799

14 33 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 12 31 2

034 440 383 347 827 633 932 945 350 229 911 609

395 505 357 984 373 578 743 835 499 429 626 016 890 3.10 3.62

350 340 71 53 17 17 10 7 54 136 38 22 10

592 183 096 321 775 338 247 091 257 398 588 506 409 3.63 4.02

205 200 43 31 11 12 7 5 31 78 21 13 4

501 624 080 364 716 573 213 360 137 470 582 782 877 3.40 3.82

57 55 10 7 2 1

679 111 279 670 609 216 788 428 7 771 24 857 8 252 2 736 2 568 4.51 4.76

47 46 10 8 1 2 1

71 45 23 52 34 18 13 8 4 9 7 3 2 4 127

096 472 649 862 720 342 065 162 038 289 928 380 019 658 204 66.2

43 25 12 31 18 9 8 5 2 5 5 1 1 3 71

080 634 652 302 812 302 620 177 602 974 346 915 287 195 799 63.0

10 7 4 7 5 3 1 1

10 6 3 8 5 2 1

395 603 990 494 038 864 637 446 916 16 758 35 840 2 139

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Female Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

439 947 374 637 737 441 242 199 11 985 57 542 8 417 1 188 492 6.29 6.38

360 396 710 353 357 946 354 592 287 704 800 949 964 2.91 3.40

282 274 53 44 8 21 14 6 42 113 23 20 7

710 737 342 437 534 786 189 868 404 1 045 585 557 97 428 22 705 76.5

53 33 18 42 28 17 5 3 1 3 1 1

357 350 995 469 813 246 719 312 254 350 963 921 534 1 084 101 570 83.3

754 121 314 355 959 327 472 855 8 448 17 659 3 777 3 596 1 633 3.50 3.82

39 38 7 5 1 1

658 327 423 932 491 222 774 448 6 901 15 412 4 977 2 392 1 331 4.06 4.38

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Subfamilies With own children under 18 years Married-couple subfamilies With own children under 18 years Mother-child subfamilies Persons under 18 years Percent living with two parents

185 614 702 374 132 256 165 805 136 051 324 162 435 1 576 69 478 68.0

374 956 847 838 022 834 952 622 847 1 452 1 004 691 243 527 57 342 84.1

592 662 066 369 070 387 238 482 177 598 657 274 333 993 66 330 79.9

279 680 452 676 947 507 984 404 758 1 720 1 409 750 439 763 24 654 67.0

314 911 429 003 547 797 530 952 418 772 616 292 136 393 15 983 71.1

7 5 3 5 4 2

423 247 116 881 414 736 931 629 260 823 557 423 157 307 14 768 75.1

UNMARRIED-PARTNER HOUSEHOLDS Total Male and female Both male Both female

3 536 3 401 103 32

662 645 – 17

134 129 – 5

899 889 6 4

942 910 15 17

2 122 2 012 67 43

5 330 5 059 119 152

3 804 3 592 84 128

477 453 – 24

777 756 21 –

272 258 14 –

140 693 8 597

30 054 2 953

14 815 1 374

30 802 2 623

23 656 686

74 935 2 760

88 434 7 667

55 653 4 910

11 495 1 403

12 641 686

8 645 668

30 773 3 754

6 238 642

2 762 120

5 766 367

3 355 359

9 956 1 091

10 999 1 638

5 882 1 081

2 116 170

1 354 320

1 647 67

SELECTED LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Households With one or more subfamilies With related members 15 years and over other than spouse, children, parents, or parents-in-law of householder With roomer, boarder, or foster child 15 years and over

106

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

445

Section Five: Census Data

Table 106.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Education, Ability to Speak English, and Disability for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND TYPE OF SCHOOL Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school Preprimary school Public school Elementary or high school Public school College Public college Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school 3 and 4 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 years and over Persons 18 to 24 years Percent enrolled in college Persons 16 to 19 years Percent not enrolled, not high school graduate

635 41 34 467 444 127 106 635 19 357 95 39 39 43 40 244

992 421 573 518 226 053 465 992 813 150 485 683 474 793 594 881 21.6 143 769 18.1

611 38 32 450 427 122 103 611 18 343 91 38 37 42 39 234

639 725 091 325 501 589 016 639 398 436 909 368 922 329 277 611 21.7 138 346 18.2

17 2 2 12 12 2 2 17 1 10 2

445 163 043 596 394 686 022 445 122 233 514 938 1 005 816 817 7 576 17.1 3 911 14.4

6 908 533 439 4 597 4 331 1 778 1 427 6 908 293 3 481 1 062 377 547 648 500 2 694 25.9 1 512 16.1

2 552 132 67 1 446 1 280 973 729 2 552 70 1 059 322 210 355 316 217 858

671 582 445 890 058 199 252 671 729 662 079 889 538 058 716 192 55.1 480 997 5.4

2 431 125 62 1 361 1 201 944 707 2 431 67 993 304 203 345 307 210 810

694 410 710 373 675 911 703 694 044 103 487 085 483 629 863 825 56.6 454 607 5.1

589 28 12 280 250 280 211 589 17 198 64 50 93 105 60 187

888 304 720 846 404 738 875 888 228 265 391 790 166 274 774 204 66.5 100 286 3.2

444 18 9 272 222 153 111 444 9 201 63 39 54 36 40 167

857 889 966 277 589 691 533 857 092 521 791 331 169 792 161 259 47.1 96 754 5.7

611 714 729 816 955 590 874 408 261 344 221 806 496 955 444 336 119 411 679 051 511 226 630 481

7 576 3 602 1 733 140 26 438 3 074 3 553 3 759 8 852 4 600 734 426 958 482 13 161 1 572 1 799 1 880 4 256 2 347 370 276 493 168

2 694 993 790 133 12 228 888 1 235 1 733 3 670 2 356 471 263 1 058 554 6 098 491 651 849 1 798 1 243 190 124 538 214

858 213 371 112 4 316 296 261 411 799 634 169 165 978 600 2 282 192 165 235 464 316 88 92 515 210

1 079 621 4.7 65.5 36.5 9.3 180 692 71.7 7.2 186 646 74.9 7.8

1 040 955 4.5 65.6 36.7 9.4 173 001 71.5 7.2 179 423 74.6 7.8

26 438 11.6 60.7 27.2 5.4 5 286 75.4 5.0 5 050 79.5 4.5

12 228 7.3 68.5 38.5 13.2 2 405 79.0 14.3 2 173 82.4 14.0

4 316 366 6.9 77.5 59.0 36.6 688 846 87.2 43.6 725 215 84.7 39.9

4 140 345 7.1 77.6 59.8 37.7 654 386 87.4 45.3 691 570 84.8 41.3

1 076 701 9.4 73.6 59.1 40.7 171 526 88.3 56.2 174 604 86.4 50.4

1 817 432 94 301 21 14 167 41 107 10 8

347 761 960 226 970 605 612 375 532 579 126

1 749 403 88 280 20 13 155 38 99 9 7

558 139 696 361 424 658 441 643 696 660 442

47 24 5 16 1

19 929 5 459 995 3 982 317 165 2 625 421 1 934 151 119

6 652 553 4 878 530 896 940 3 618 339 236 355 126 896 2 555 424 379 325 1 911 768 167 973 96 358

6 338 574 4 780 516 875 932 3 546 899 232 580 125 105 2 520 810 372 464 1 886 903 166 071 95 372

1 540 235 1 294 375 214 178 960 758 78 242 41 197 777 442 89 982 589 497 63 520 34 443

1 317 900 103 704 56 36 318 31 227 34 24

32 1 755 81 22 49 5 4

310 292 800 760 303 317 420

30 1 690 76 21 45 4 4

276 836 446 339 956 993 158

1 45 3 1 2

496 277 856 008 373 283 192

538 19 179 1 498 413 974 41 70

542 402 6 500 628 1 572 006 366 366 1 070 211 88 226 47 203

538 111 6 196 953 1 558 272 362 075 1 061 728 87 584 46 885

184 1 501 522 95 365 39 21

240 025 225 366 612 943 304

1 236 94 46 9 71 168 62 90 1 067 775 72 16 12 9 40 15 12 9

191 896 073 958 397 266 681 482 925 459 864 096 135 821 188 209 879 180

1 190 92 44 9 69 163 60 88 1 026 749 70 15 11 9 38 14 12 8

130 006 871 587 090 704 998 195 426 009 746 700 833 607 845 738 482 949

31 787 2 044 868 246 1 587 3 281 1 184 1 667 28 506 17 610 1 495 303 222 178 994 327 275 179

14 274 846 334 125 720 1 281 499 620 12 993 8 840 623 93 80 36 349 144 122 52

4 903 297 96 35 255 205 81 100 4 697 3 452 293 48 29 33 140 45 36 27

4 690 285 91 34 245 189 75 93 4 500 3 302 283 47 28 32 136 44 35 26

1 172 63 16 6 56 37 15 17 1 135 827 86 13 7 10 43 13 10 8

550 025 447 531 159 379 612 368 171 902 314 313 152 150 300 346 413 335

228 16 6 103 89 108 82 228 8 82 22 17 38 33 25 81

551 483 887 598 427 470 453 551 696 176 936 825 611 023 284 689 63.5 37 434 3.3

285 16 7 160 138 108 74 285 9 126 32 20 41 34 19 89

362 049 170 454 347 859 125 362 088 525 975 658 423 966 727 584 61.9 45 605 4.1

302 21 9 168 148 112 78 302 10 123 40 28 42 36 20 96

447 457 557 850 898 140 834 447 942 642 009 312 305 272 965 252 60.3 60 352 4.3

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 18 to 24 years High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Females 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

Persons 25 years and over less than 5th grade high school graduate or higher some college or higher bachelor’s degree or higher Males 25 to 34 years high school graduate or higher bachelor’s degree or higher Females 25 to 34 years high school graduate or higher bachelor’s degree or higher

244 83 67 5 1 079 50 100 220 313 224 40 28 65 34 562 26 51 117 163 118 21 15 32 15

881 309 252 089 621 552 662 900 783 300 426 495 512 991 703 399 569 140 733 641 071 626 661 863

234 78 64 4 1 040 46 95 215 301 217 39 27 63 33 543 24 49 114 157 115 20 15 31 15

192 094 306 580 366 660 234 508 206 810 200 109 338 301 675 850 589 312 698 915 196 715 986 414

810 194 354 110 4 140 291 252 383 735 595 162 159 964 595 2 194 190 160 220 431 297 85 89 509 208

825 060 919 835 345 895 175 310 752 600 702 268 587 056 033 171 860 591 735 653 149 966 714 194

187 42 83 32 1 076 101 79 103 156 124 34 37 232 205 551 64 44 54 89 63 19 22 121 71

204 411 216 771 701 115 748 390 447 603 996 909 531 962 414 830 948 584 139 531 273 167 227 715

167 44 78 17 865 36 53 60 141 157 36 39 274 65 492 21 34 35 76 76 20 22 170 34

259 233 697 306 308 410 724 368 155 862 274 578 033 904 955 416 848 540 976 352 189 611 295 728

865 308 4.2 82.6 66.3 39.3 108 795 91.2 31.9 145 766 90.4 41.6

81 20 43 10 626 8 25 43 162 106 31 30 153 62 350 5 17 27 103 59 18 19 74 23

689 214 600 886 402 924 940 500 642 932 620 468 455 921 125 636 790 058 124 923 314 547 937 796

89 17 36 22 464 17 16 36 53 45 13 11 116 153 207 11 11 20 28 21 6 5 55 45

584 995 655 961 190 546 405 885 639 194 476 491 174 380 657 867 306 449 991 795 492 705 630 422

96 24 42 11 455 21 25 43 113 63 15 16 101 55 269 16 20 32 77 34 8 9 52 16

252 980 649 844 520 099 143 782 207 620 035 571 092 971 165 178 674 840 526 262 615 489 744 837

626 402 1.4 87.5 61.5 34.5 81 774 96.4 50.4 86 488 97.1 46.6

464 190 3.8 84.7 73.2 58.1 88 883 90.8 62.9 74 682 88.0 55.2

455 520 4.6 80.2 55.4 34.5 63 581 94.2 49.4 90 249 88.2 34.6

163 675 067 974 373 261 305 979 702 464 160

818 360 38 256 41 24 206 20 147 20 16

974 415 440 542 052 381 213 841 663 756 953

721 561 104 439 13 4 169 24 132 8 3

675 249 448 058 086 657 363 711 899 530 223

727 593 107 454 21 9 375 39 307 19 8

164 529 665 737 879 248 527 507 853 717 450

42 1 291 125 24 83 10 7

535 425 328 558 562 178 030

61 797 118 18 80 10 8

106 740 176 358 174 876 768

27 706 79 18 58 1

683 066 410 655 106 940 709

90 708 248 51 178 13 5

937 875 570 683 368 487 032

951 56 13 5 50 34 15 15 917 757 60 11 7 7 39 12 10 7

750 260 103 121 035 216 821 207 534 447 611 514 392 159 084 955 641 529

613 22 8 3 17 25 10 11 588 431 73 8 3 6 29 8 6 4

490 360 665 010 973 328 855 053 162 192 675 099 935 028 599 272 812 789

553 32 8 3 28 15 6 7 537 405 15 3 2 1 5 1 1

287 470 182 272 619 483 946 073 804 170 271 256 425 730 147 885 646 959

542 38 15 8 33 22 11 8 519 349 23 4 3 3 9 3 2 2

642 663 757 948 055 980 368 833 662 349 902 895 252 601 553 474 610 423

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH Persons 5 years and over Speak a language other than English 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Do not speak English " very well" 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

860 163 269 883 229 782 9 546 2 311 5 902 768 565

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH IN HOUSEHOLD Linguistically isolated households Persons 5 years and over in households In linguistically isolated households 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

DISABILITY STATUS OF CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS Persons 16 to 64 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation In labor force With a self-care limitation With a work disability In labor force Prevented from working No work disability In labor force Persons 65 to 74 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Persons 75 years and over With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

446

212 639 213 319 005 612 640 763 600 728 197 926 663 503 949 531 933 391

859 841 684 158 333 923 218 081 936 105 706 073 364 334 794 212 806 512

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

107

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 106.

Section Five: Census Data

Education, Ability to Speak English, and Disability for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Con.

Pacific Islander

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

21 571 1 037 721 15 995 15 155 4 539 3 455 21 571 600 12 485 3 131 1 422 1 660 1 263 1 010 8 454 29.7 4 870 13.0

16 429 779 553 11 288 10 638 4 362 3 401 16 429 405 8 256 2 365 1 325 1 435 1 599 1 044 6 984 30.6 3 969 10.9

14 608 750 526 9 651 9 062 4 207 2 969 14 608 320 7 296 1 906 1 154 1 830 1 416 686 5 941 37.5 3 058 11.2

988 365 768 005 714 418 568 147 562 481 276 496 297 469 694 662 513 323 489 083 026 739 332 527

8 454 3 494 2 706 202 24 571 1 050 1 328 4 848 8 797 5 124 768 698 1 373 585 12 251 708 646 2 749 4 486 2 225 405 282 563 187

6 984 2 384 2 390 410 24 787 1 159 1 942 3 773 7 758 6 086 779 809 1 807 674 12 158 675 981 1 916 4 023 2 914 298 357 704 290

5 941 1 791 2 523 128 18 949 1 138 1 221 3 430 5 337 4 519 675 838 1 274 517 9 539 634 589 1 733 2 965 2 040 318 371 673 216

Hawaiian

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND TYPE OF SCHOOL Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school Preprimary school Public school Elementary or high school Public school College Public college Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school 3 and 4 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 years and over Persons 18 to 24 years Percent enrolled in college Persons 16 to 19 years Percent not enrolled, not high school graduate

252 7 5 158 148 86 74 252 3 98 40 23 36 28 20 90

144 379 082 233 642 532 715 144 745 328 347 921 795 658 350 029 49.3 57 395 6.5

65 2 1 49 48 13 11 65 1 36 8 4 6 4 4 18

221 402 978 581 110 238 767 221 079 364 174 603 315 144 542 105 36.3 11 635 10.3

46 2 2 35 35 7 7 46 1 28 5 2 3 3 2 9

318 509 357 928 020 881 279 318 133 059 112 344 293 505 872 881 31.7 6 547 11.1

64 2 2 50 49 11 10 64 1 35 9 4 4 4 4 18

310 369 119 368 292 573 368 310 157 351 604 460 720 796 222 524 26.3 12 637 12.2

33 645 1 346 660 18 303 15 703 13 996 9 808 33 645 672 12 220 4 598 2 536 4 520 5 149 3 950 10 691 53.1 6 402 6.2

118 8 4 62 55 47 34 118 4 50 12 8 20 15 8 41

951 223 214 935 243 793 946 951 212 652 550 305 166 050 016 607 60.9 19 560 6.7

120 7 4 85 78 28 21 120 3 66 17 7 10 8 6 47

977 172 735 517 383 288 549 977 685 559 592 804 055 429 853 367 30.4 26 390 11.0

68 4 2 48 43 15 11 68 2 38 10 3 5 4 4 25

369 606 935 583 528 180 724 369 360 522 190 903 130 151 113 988 28.9 14 493 10.3

029 037 599 978 841 773 151 080 023 456 010 402 477 469 899 183 800 601 442 097 314 570 244 648

18 105 4 674 4 657 412 61 464 25 015 6 127 8 893 7 232 7 606 1 814 1 285 2 530 962 33 463 17 021 3 330 4 633 3 299 3 060 546 494 859 221

9 881 2 212 2 444 177 27 216 14 950 1 569 2 235 2 844 2 930 839 507 929 413 14 078 10 023 589 797 973 941 190 140 271 154

18 524 5 067 4 051 274 62 521 21 184 7 146 9 182 11 968 6 910 1 759 1 027 2 410 935 29 888 13 165 3 672 4 157 4 866 2 231 451 296 863 187

10 2 4 1 57 5 4 6 9 7 3 2 11 7 37 4 3 4 7 4 2 1 5 3

41 9 20 5 139 5 5 12 23 22 5 5 30 27 60 3 3 6 12 10 2 2 12 8

303 841 11.4 61.2 43.7 17.4 68 512 71.9 23.8 52 783 64.6 17.5

61 464 40.7 34.9 23.1 5.7 9 919 50.9 8.6 12 927 31.6 3.6

27 216 54.9 31.1 20.6 4.9 6 011 58.6 7.5 5 427 24.9 3.3

62 521 33.9 40.0 20.9 5.4 13 557 56.7 6.0 13 197 38.6 4.3

57 964 8.6 74.0 57.3 32.8 7 280 88.5 44.5 9 891 79.8 35.0

139 218 4.2 82.7 65.5 41.7 34 548 87.3 43.9 25 556 86.1 40.4

176 021 2.7 76.1 40.1 10.8 34 460 83.7 11.9 33 645 83.7 10.2

107 714 1.3 79.5 40.9 11.9 19 584 86.5 13.1 19 227 87.1 11.5

24 571 4.3 70.6 34.8 8.0 5 148 80.0 9.8 5 087 76.2 5.8

24 787 4.7 72.3 41.0 10.0 5 482 79.9 12.0 5 020 82.1 9.9

18 949 6.0 69.4 41.3 9.5 4 246 80.0 8.6 4 311 79.3 10.3

303 136 915 992 236 993 347 880 510 068 889

86 69 10 57

679 421 504 900 835 182 40 078 3 541 35 629 763 145

249 168 32 130 3 1 67 10 53 2 1

118 374 763 686 380 545 932 752 918 125 137

313 98 21 71 3 1 34 6 24 1

979 014 008 440 775 791 614 861 865 902 986

185 18 3 12 1

49 33 8 23

43 20 2 16

35 26 6 19

114 196 280 053 612 251 11 575 2 261 8 627 471 216

868 404 633 369 473 302 489

8 84 22 4 17

13 241 36 7 27

371 297 303 609 491 907 296

4 303 13 4 8

291 675 734 291 483 642 318

735 180 649 1 807 623 921 160 103

47 3 1 1

969 432 422 281 912 160 69

1 066 41 782 3 376 805 2 422 95 54

1 33 5 1 3

180 069 10 086 2 813 929 8 763 6 726 2 818 3 181 173 343 120 280 4 827 836 455 508 2 155 837 686 437

212 11 4 1 9 15 6 7 196 150 9 1 1 1 4 1 1

353 798 529 161 672 689 422 682 664 623 491 853 299 169 155 319 127 879

126 782 5 588 2 386 512 4 274 10 065 4 173 4 909 116 717 92 137 6 581 1 122 696 715 3 126 999 848 655

31 485 2 600 896 168 2 269 2 355 780 1 373 29 130 20 190 1 055 273 207 169 330 104 94 78

29 339 2 076 655 262 1 842 1 926 915 746 27 413 20 961 1 192 317 255 171 415 116 89 79

24 747 1 534 592 219 1 287 1 343 554 654 23 404 17 335 663 141 141 114 284 100 96 67

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 18 to 24 years High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Females 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent

Persons 25 years and over less than 5th grade high school graduate or higher some college or higher bachelor’s degree or higher Males 25 to 34 years high school graduate or higher bachelor’s degree or higher Females 25 to 34 years high school graduate or higher bachelor’s degree or higher

90 20 34 6 303 34 27 56 53 49 18 12 39 13 146 22 16 29 27 21 6 5 14 3

691 928 127 551 964 001 022 049 653 692 843 669 264 771 699 350 766 636 244 333 473 525 984 388

607 309 224 675 218 878 200 946 942 795 036 361 692 368 690 502 137 296 155 128 292 422 660 098

47 19 16 1 176 4 9 28 63 39 6 5 13 5 88 2 4 14 32 19 3 2 6 2

367 034 387 745 021 765 059 198 454 210 498 841 751 245 642 679 729 721 963 262 047 749 272 220

25 11 8 1 107 1 4 16 41 23 4 3 9 3 54 2 8 21 12 2 1 4 1

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH Persons 5 years and over Speak a language other than English 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Do not speak English " very well" 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

544 510 135 358 10 5 330 67 249 9 4

089 240 480 714 930 116 837 031 244 910 652

129 124 46 73 2

66 534 224 64 152 5 2

043 502 938 282 363 912 381

17 128 70 28 39 1

403 30 12 3 25 22 6 12 380 263 11 2 2 1 5 2 1 1

537 765 080 605 366 538 846 895 999 336 162 841 036 743 208 236 984 283

90 30 56 2

366 211 762 870 728 851 614 886 492 512 724

73 71 35 33 1

287 588 306 652 655 528 471

9 73 43 22 20 1

56 26 27 1

808 891 710 668 839 674 152 354 496 706 596

130 126 46 75 2

176 316 862 124 254 135 349

16 129 66 26 38 1

88 26 58 2

492 601 405 789 410 997 5 034 976 3 277 406 375

967 165 396 566 909 294 10 933 2 568 7 471 645 249

406 052 927 032 844 249 7 072 1 056 5 490 380 146

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH IN HOUSEHOLD Linguistically isolated households Persons 5 years and over in households In linguistically isolated households 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

865 715 521 419 670 376 56

521 812 129 582 228 227 92

DISABILITY STATUS OF CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS Persons 16 to 64 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation In labor force With a self-care limitation With a work disability In labor force Prevented from working No work disability In labor force Persons 65 to 74 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Persons 75 years and over With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation

108

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

81 589 12 394 6 962 969 8 907 10 939 1 463 8 421 70 650 38 040 2 779 961 803 557 849 474 434 293

37 916 5 896 2 339 336 4 790 4 433 505 3 317 33 483 11 272 1 932 526 310 334 720 226 154 129

84 017 10 006 4 424 975 8 156 7 713 1 724 5 031 76 304 48 783 2 354 636 463 401 997 427 353 305

70 012 3 916 912 462 3 510 2 188 1 260 702 67 824 49 334 879 196 141 123 182 80 73 30

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

447

Section Five: Census Data

Table 107.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Geographic Mobility, Commuting, and Industry of Employed Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

2 015 143 1 968 224 1 403 322 549 140 35 981 121 546 191 222 200 391 15 762 1 752 1 021 12 989 46 919 16 885 30 034

1 937 391 1 895 383 1 342 974 537 488 35 072 120 312 189 756 192 348 14 921 1 556 830 12 535 42 008 15 242 26 766

55 54 47 6

1 817 859 939 537 402 212 190 12 35 61 81

1 749 824 908 518 389 204 185 11 34 60 78

47 26 21 13 7 5 2

19 8 10 5 4 2 2

724 608 472 135

700 595 463 132

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

078 239 947 736 355 482 517 382 556 123 163 270 839 251 588

7 226 986 2 668 242 1 838 871 567 800 105 598 90 697 105 754 265 751 261 571 4 473 46 977 210 121 4 558 744 1 830 508 2 728 236

6 876 394 2 363 047 1 645 667 500 982 102 863 87 331 99 067 211 721 216 398 4 203 8 676 203 519 4 513 347 1 814 047 2 699 300

1 648 506 377 109 34 19 20 35 19

929 627 289 725 564 436 128 248 191 404 1 285 15 64 934

6 2 2 1 1

6 2 2 1 1

574 606 879 416 463 345 118 609 791 736 982 043 684 362

15 7 4 2

8 6 4 1

3 381 333 2 694 332 2 077 175 617 157 1.14 381 611 195 839 6 178 147 967 24 516 1 596 5 515 5 246 17 190 188 293 25 484 69 177 25.5

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

PLACE OF BIRTH, NATIVITY, AND CITIZENSHIP All persons Native Born in State of residence Born in a different State Northeast Midwest South West Born abroad Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Born abroad of American parents Foreign born Naturalized citizen Not a citizen

674 602 401 916 554 752 949 4 661 285 73 28 184 1 072 392 680

22 18 12 4

3

3 1 2

696 116 045 495 592 107 512 284 576 764 535 277 580 209 371

1 419 505 350 100 18 14 21 45 55

711 988 086 808 992 149 932 735 094 828 653 613 723 646 077

866 585 434 127 7 13 11 94 24

1 540 630 603 345 257 134 123 38 21 31 31

235 724 060 839 221 163 058 239 795 705 319 206 950 305 295

1 317 535 565 350 215 114 101 18 15 25 41

163 276 661 230 431 117 314 420 501 397 996 376 4 308 211 542

818 444 255 159 95 45 50 7 7 9 26

974 113 510 620 890 719 171 027 397 129 618 56 473 118 822

721 251 309 154 155 69 85 29 20 25 10

675 057 698 553 145 387 758 296 586 118 758 117 303 160 500

727 233 332 181 150 69 81 18 15 24 22

3 231 358 2 566 985 1 983 476 583 509 1.14 372 248 187 897 6 116 147 130 24 356 1 493 5 256 4 664 16 236 181 230 24 064 65 931 25.6

804 566 432 133

329 496 563 933 1.15 141 302 62 339 2 888 67 642 7 157 465 811 1 115 6 587 68 029 4 445 16 355 27.3

756 617 459 158

447 381 317 64

384 295 239 55

341 283 205 78

452 005 14 242 528 17 314 61 998 19 971 4 666 4 403 5 706 42 027 1 271 2 715 6 912

391 949 2 869 899 10 982 72 390 25 146 3 312 4 972 5 127 47 244 1 288 4 142 11 976

345 655 2 611 335 11 068 52 281 24 752 2 999 13 431 4 212 27 529 1 249 1 990 4 907

18 1 142 496 646

5 48 913 491 422

23 280 72 208

160 474 032 077 932 836 273 036 365 167 831 367 686 194 492

786 193 130 51 19 15 11 5 10 9 593 203 389

694 271 914 793 760 055 698 280 564 404 342 818 423 614 809

797 218 103 38 8 8 10 11 75 75 579 232 346

304 031 405 850 656 383 732 079 776 109 306 361 273 488 785

RESIDENCE IN 1985 Persons 5 years and over Same house Different house in the United States Same county Different county Same State Different State Northeast Midwest South West Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Elsewhere

347 045 731 202 529 129 400 383 222 434 361 315 446 17 810

558 305 184 203 981 515 466 931 702 493 340 300 376 16 393

860 113 258 274 984 178 806 204 329 537 1 736 – 6 483

652 595 837 663 173 566 607 133 110 167 195 1 14 1 204

553 263 293 664 629 131 498 491 931 890 186 106 172 719

338 453 685 569 116 543 573 131 108 161 170 1 7 1 190

164 613 214 848 366 086 280 797 170 550 763 25 696 160 616

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK AND TRAVEL TIME TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Car, truck, or van Drove alone Carpooled Persons per car, truck, or van Public transportation Bus or trolley bus Streetcar or trolley car Subway or elevated Railroad Ferryboat Taxicab Motorcycle Bicycle Walked Other means Worked at home Mean travel time to work (minutes)

223 615 816 799 1.14 30 408 22 039 344 5 469 879 251 1 426 2 677 4 914 44 713 12 317 20 579 21.8

800 447 155 292 1.14 28 781 21 019 327 5 292 865 220 1 058 2 522 4 699 39 660 9 717 19 974 22.0

180 022 997 025 1.19 1 154 702 9 101 – 5 337 92 85 4 230 2 208 389 14.2

243 146 664 482 1.15 473 318 8 76 14 26 31 63 130 823 392 216 20.2

142 457 219 238 1.17 81 699 53 170 1 525 21 496 3 789 517 1 202 1 214 2 270 31 922 7 940 13 640 25.5

370 831 515 316 1.10 31 354 18 307 402 7 795 4 010 193 647 1 118 2 419 17 532 2 076 11 040 24.2

980 113 459 654 1.12 51 318 20 157 451 23 722 5 824 197 967 196 1 553 24 764 2 842 9 194 26.4

088 352 220 132 1.17 28 812 12 598 376 13 150 2 030 50 608 399 1 139 17 668 1 976 7 742 24.8

INDUSTRY Employed persons 16 years and over Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill and finished textile products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Durable goods Furniture, lumber, and wood products Metal industries Machinery and computer equipment Electrical equipment and components, except computer Transportation equipment Transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Food, bakery, and dairy stores Eating and drinking places

728 25 8 61 117 44 9 12 8 72 12 10 10

953 445 386 635 389 934 855 325 074 455 545 703 910

705 24 8 60 115 43 9 12 7 71 12 10 10

518 771 045 164 051 988 572 142 818 063 343 538 693

15 108 272 279 957 1 230 552 137 102 165 678 102 101 99

8 327 402 62 514 1 108 394 146 81 91 714 100 64 118

3 411 45 5 104 632 236 41 91 44 395 14 27 80

586 306 845 924 058 568 685 361 755 490 176 903 350

3 264 41 5 93 614 230 39 90 43 384 13 26 78

268 838 602 127 451 086 464 213 329 365 213 679 868

819 3 1 19 152 73 6 44 10 79 1 3 19

932 650 689 774 484 332 727 281 643 152 974 600 874

750 12 1 21 116 40 10 8 9 76 2 5 11

613 008 122 571 036 016 404 687 150 020 378 071 230

10 13 31 19 23 118 21 40

033 531 583 386 251 938 323 573

9 13 30 18 22 115 20 39

852 227 059 683 703 083 566 501

76 138 954 511 292 2 359 480 591

105 166 570 192 256 1 496 277 481

117 73 141 61 145 692 115 288

565 424 280 982 540 411 723 623

115 70 130 58 139 665 111 279

557 328 268 107 804 657 440 026

22 14 30 15 39 199 23 123

599 284 623 982 374 170 542 503

26 13 35 14 24 114 16 37

865 888 682 101 293 967 745 550

9 14 23 11 26 76 12 23

420 618 429 103 289 231 309 806

13 7 14 7 14 62 12 15

368 298 328 052 516 806 391 466

7 4 10 2 15 107 26 33

871 815 585 907 573 979 593 241

Banking and credit agencies Insurance, real estate, and other finance Business and repair services Private households Other personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Hospitals Health services, except hospitals Educational services Public administration

7 21 33 5 22 12 162 29 28 59 58

357 343 516 073 619 491 069 510 742 453 472

7 20 32 4 21 12 155 28 27 56 55

099 790 638 925 959 163 516 625 879 183 869

107 376 432 80 417 175 4 694 516 589 2 592 1 973

151 177 446 68 243 153 1 859 369 274 678 630

101 152 150 16 156 44 824 231 135 250 136

194 679 934 804 471 051 104 905 092 221 003

97 146 142 15 147 40 798 226 131 241 124

753 944 929 868 842 424 675 842 195 179 979

26 42 33 3 25 8 188 32 24 76 28

961 913 039 340 497 439 953 493 596 092 044

28 38 30 6 37 10 222 107 43 30 36

953 315 516 207 639 894 034 003 457 697 275

13 22 19 1 16 7 110 17 15 45 29

106 747 611 783 459 262 198 645 351 585 705

12 16 17 1 13 2 130 37 24 40 11

627 126 577 449 304 702 947 769 445 056 375

6 12 18 1 30 4 62 13 10 19 6

418 374 578 036 530 952 065 766 166 441 363

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

448

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

109

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 107.

Section Five: Census Data

Geographic Mobility, Commuting, and Industry of Employed Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Con.

Pacific Islander

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

592 195 204 818 735 366 687 030 173 270 301 602 397 461 936

205 202 150 49 1 1 3 42 2

57 44 21 8

979 657 414 248 166 786 380 882 140 154 204 63 6 488 14 357

185 94 88 57 30 12 18

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

PLACE OF BIRTH, NATIVITY, AND CITIZENSHIP All persons Native Born in State of residence Born in a different State Northeast Midwest South West Born abroad Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Born abroad of American parents Foreign born Naturalized citizen Not a citizen

593 119 89 20 2 4 8 4 9

213 360 325 563 797 682 381 703 472 232 434 806 853 069 784

149 31 25 4

089 100 747 125 622 939 683 877 077 036 693 31 285 95 926

129 36 73 45 27 10 17 3 3 5 4

8 473 200 273

047 190 041 973 769 057 742 405 176 20 72 084 857 181 676

94 32 25 6

366 492 830 916 914 889 025 068 410 946 601 18 64 18 962

73 14 39 24 14 7 7

1 1 1 1 1 117 20 97

439 865 607 688 835 713 014 126 570 – – 570 574 668 906

147 30 23 5

808 773 833 888 945 213 732 833 3 652 610 2 637 – 13 19 189

130 35 69 40 29 12 16 2 3 4 5

2 1 2

61 5 55

375 394 509 735 751 397 318 269 150 194 13 943 981 279 702

91 22 12 5 1 1 1 1 4

360 385 911 066 140 137 465 324 408 24 60 324 975 405 570

282 117 73 29 6 5 9 8 14 1

303 080 608 540 068 319 749 204 976 586 983 14 11 25 590

86 32 37 21 16 7 9 1 1 3 3

679 687 923 344 579 185 394 127 777 450 040 – 264 15 805

249 80 109 58 51 23 27 5 5 9 7

45 42 29 12

47 39 31 8

114 84 69 15

115 816 1 116 247 4 168 16 949 6 218 966 1 255 1 918 10 731 461 1 076 2 161

1 1 2 1

116 20 96

4 68 21 47

395 973 792 934 639 815 000 480 247 461 430 356 422 294 128

350 305 193 66 2 3 6 54 45

118 691 795 513 282 328 954 721 450 209 574 200 317 58 115

313 141 151 94 57 22 34 1 2 6 24

12 164 50 114

38 6 45 16 28

2 2 1 1

501 910 640 406 578 938 330 560 864 79 466 319 591 252 339

1 6 14 12 1 13 6 6

679 593 889 256 341 568 229 118 448 45 841 562 086 857 229

47 42 11 6 1 2 24 23 1 5 1 3

754 293 629 012 618 654 780 960 652 108 396 148 461 556 905

39 15 9 3

2 3 1 1 24 6 17

658 399 046 144 198 206 348 392 209 38 598 573 259 796 463

RESIDENCE IN 1985 Persons 5 years and over Same house Different house in the United States Same county Different county Same State Different State Northeast Midwest South West Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Elsewhere

544 159 288 186 102 49 52 6 10 22 13

492 919 379 486 893 505 388 885 996 2 892 13 615 38 118 2 038

49 19 26 15 10 3 6

967 963 065 393 672 814 858 381 547 074 856 16 593 330

43 15 20 11 9 3 5

406 528 717 117 600 925 675 407 387 587 294 – 239 922

35 11 16 10 6 2 3

149 127 93 33

91 78 58 20

19 16 11 5

947 410 174 236 1.21 1 651 1 482 5 95 31 – 38 29 235 1 060 295 267 24.0

21 18 14 4

909 617 296 321 1.15 1 570 1 052 – 387 60 45 26 102 70 916 196 438 23.6

16 13 9 3

147 318 3 468 243 11 797 17 607 6 482 2 221 1 148 1 426 11 125 963 1 224 1 482

91 543 2 123 162 8 345 8 667 3 484 1 326 505 868 5 183 399 598 603

19 041 290 27 1 349 3 106 961 320 138 144 2 145 212 239 254

20 298 295 45 1 040 3 233 1 025 208 266 226 2 208 213 154 347

16 436 760 9 1 063 2 601 1 012 367 239 188 1 589 139 233 278

790 661 429 881 378 390 690 609

425 627 1 425 282 830 3 390 533 1 323

494 629 1 260 551 874 3 793 610 1 159

299 179 898 161 654 3 181 450 1 506

1 865 3 867 4 446 285 6 079 2 323 16 000 2 570 2 220 6 358 7 303

583 602 1 268 114 715 560 3 224 1 035 500 907 1 276

691 766 1 301 318 571 313 3 308 844 561 898 1 939

302 500 990 219 1 264 431 2 897 614 616 879 506

1 4 1 2

1 3 4 2

114 247 253 252 001 542 459 209 210 601 2 439 9 538 7 067

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK AND TRAVEL TIME TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Car, truck, or van Drove alone Carpooled Persons per car, truck, or van Public transportation Bus or trolley bus Streetcar or trolley car Subway or elevated Railroad Ferryboat Taxicab Motorcycle Bicycle Walked Other means Worked at home Mean travel time to work (minutes)

245 216 170 46

312 822 573 249 1.13 13 247 9 369 155 3 218 327 16 162 214 912 8 401 2 184 3 532 24.0

34 30 21 8

960 480 763 717 1.19 2 177 1 693 32 376 20 – 56 32 106 1 114 545 506 22.9

9 8 6 1

559 560 833 727 1.13 433 402 8 – 15 – 8 7 31 308 97 123 19.3

453 180 968 212 1.19 1 453 1 259 8 153 21 – 12 28 89 809 531 363 21.7

551 754 255 499 1.13 3 837 1 714 70 1 713 259 – 81 46 204 2 410 350 950 23.7

248 881 3 456 627 5 604 91 263 22 451 4 941 7 301 4 309 68 812 2 573 4 523 15 957

35 623 542 33 745 13 890 4 245 1 047 1 446 506 9 645 591 991 1 649

9 756 267 7 112 3 582 1 258 182 433 261 2 324 179 292 423

46 010 706 73 966 24 853 8 672 3 501 2 219 835 16 181 956 1 890 2 977

48 028 371 42 823 8 725 4 025 719 1 785 662 4 700 293 389 802

277 107 995 801 382 719 378 714

3 164 729 881 261 1 988 6 961 2 004 2 747

510 250 227 112 333 1 391 179 796

4 456 1 548 692 446 2 229 6 578 1 223 3 069

1 212 770 1 597 456 1 594 14 488 1 860 8 688

4 497 6 744 12 131 684 13 148 2 544 33 760 6 324 5 123 11 593 6 526

529 547 1 382 177 1 401 365 5 130 937 755 2 020 791

76 177 779 15 301 66 1 979 143 276 827 332

262 732 1 648 106 1 610 421 4 195 838 713 1 462 493

893 1 354 2 061 261 3 443 1 336 9 447 3 418 1 803 1 950 1 137

614 940 108 832 1.11 16 616 6 889 201 7 865 904 55 702 295 926 8 273 1 078 2 486 25.2

975 347 699 648 1.17 9 363 7 942 62 837 160 103 259 582 954 7 063 1 420 3 246 23.9

665 998 857 141 1.16 5 004 4 414 51 261 58 52 168 435 577 3 958 752 1 941 24.2

454 322 372 950 1.19 1 138 994 6 94 11 6 27 16 72 1 129 177 600 21.8

INDUSTRY Employed persons 16 years and over Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill and finished textile products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Durable goods Furniture, lumber, and wood products Metal industries Machinery and computer equipment Electrical equipment and components, except computer Transportation equipment Transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Food, bakery, and dairy stores Eating and drinking places Banking and credit agencies Insurance, real estate, and other finance Business and repair services Private households Other personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Hospitals Health services, except hospitals Educational services Public administration

110

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

23 10 5 3 9 48 9 20

2 2 6 1 4 26 5 9

815 021 229 886 233 367 216 446

3 431 4 915 5 607 810 4 510 1 443 29 967 6 506 4 510 11 456 3 938

2 3 11 3 5 26 4 9

008 096 012 875 736 754 283 597

3 441 5 735 8 005 936 8 629 3 627 25 429 5 063 3 897 9 042 11 024

1 7 2 3 16 2 5

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

449

Section Five: Census Data

Table 108.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Labor Force Characteristics for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

1 395 009 865 703 62.1 14 391 851 312 728 953 548 730 122 359 14.4 529 306 31 375 714 654 393 437 55.1 2 017 391 420 340 042 235 857 51 378 13.1 321 217 7 261 74 536 21 985 9 190 41 984 88 901 48 798 13 825 21 626 411 828 284 470 44 164 76 893 55 995 27 507 3 085 25 359 20 108 4 363 15 745 13 416 28 987 2 505 26 482 24 303 69 233 20 236 7 523 41 192

1 343 392 836 656 62.3 13 723 822 933 705 518 533 109 117 415 14.3 506 736 29 948 689 287 380 664 55.2 1 949 378 715 329 185 229 324 49 530 13.1 308 623 6 967 71 723 21 238 8 938 40 267 84 871 46 991 13 237 20 225 396 102 275 415 42 039 72 608 53 942 26 673 2 976 24 257 19 425 4 268 15 157 12 951 28 042 2 443 25 599 23 531 66 623 19 457 7 295 39 597

35 892 19 472 54.3 530 18 942 15 108 9 629 3 834 20.2 16 420 1 086 17 619 8 558 48.6 47 8 511 7 122 4 168 1 389 16.3 9 061 221 2 066 499 185 1 298 2 930 1 176 507 1 043 10 604 5 617 1 653 3 147 1 479 608 85 778 495 53 442 350 699 48 651 562 1 845 533 184 1 120

15 725 9 575 60.9 138 9 437 8 327 5 992 1 110 11.8 6 150 341 7 748 4 215 54.4 21 4 194 3 735 2 365 459 10.9 3 533 73 747 248 67 419 1 100 631 81 358 5 122 3 438 472 1 138 574 226 24 324 188 42 146 115 246 14 232 210 765 246 44 475

5 403 615 3 645 946 67.5 42 866 3 603 080 3 411 586 2 690 953 191 494 5.3 1 757 669 23 391 2 810 588 1 688 145 60.1 4 063 1 684 082 1 590 897 1 174 018 93 185 5.5 1 122 443 8 954 247 569 73 407 14 626 157 048 311 767 179 585 16 824 105 474 1 630 771 1 382 945 56 378 165 205 205 333 145 196 7 962 51 987 76 895 26 527 50 368 41 780 120 692 15 548 105 144 97 104 233 428 73 165 10 857 149 039

5 167 530 3 480 409 67.4 36 221 3 444 188 3 264 268 2 576 028 179 920 5.2 1 687 121 19 950 2 692 480 1 614 323 60.0 3 417 1 610 906 1 522 768 1 125 063 88 138 5.5 1 078 157 7 912 233 951 68 639 13 460 149 692 294 787 168 301 15 393 102 722 1 558 256 1 325 851 52 803 157 504 196 737 140 078 7 688 48 796 74 271 25 951 48 320 40 062 117 048 15 118 101 930 94 135 220 656 68 346 9 802 142 174

1 309 042 863 285 65.9 2 597 860 688 819 932 640 061 40 756 4.7 445 757 4 281 664 384 393 077 59.2 381 392 696 373 165 272 176 19 531 5.0 271 307 1 709 52 996 13 495 2 384 36 885 66 375 35 424 3 074 27 196 403 836 345 662 12 588 44 305 60 261 41 945 2 541 15 753 24 452 7 342 17 110 14 381 36 738 3 537 33 201 31 004 47 290 13 013 1 635 32 592

1 078 817 813 766 75.4 22 897 790 869 750 613 609 190 40 256 5.1 265 051 4 475 599 208 433 262 72.3 1 698 431 564 411 393 322 832 20 171 4.7 165 946 1 860 49 034 17 937 3 635 26 513 58 222 39 015 3 306 11 433 284 128 242 149 10 326 15 962 40 311 30 530 1 899 7 791 14 084 6 207 7 877 6 220 33 830 4 301 29 529 27 428 47 720 18 945 2 622 26 002

724 683 467 346 64.5 3 576 463 770 452 005 354 996 11 765 2.5 257 337 4 343 399 585 221 857 55.5 558 221 299 215 319 153 330 5 980 2.7 177 728 2 580 17 993 5 972 785 11 065 30 828 17 411 959 11 814 194 208 174 469 3 334 14 227 35 906 26 488 476 8 917 19 375 7 567 11 808 9 214 26 788 5 010 21 778 19 064 19 441 6 381 624 12 417

576 157 416 404 72.3 1 058 415 346 391 949 314 243 23 397 5.6 159 753 1 394 260 532 152 718 58.6 97 152 621 141 028 100 477 11 593 7.6 107 814 435 23 675 7 057 1 242 15 307 35 417 21 620 1 587 11 944 228 244 205 954 7 807 13 888 18 580 14 038 994 3 517 4 469 1 677 2 792 2 493 5 240 749 4 491 4 277 21 930 6 345 832 14 738

579 867 367 146 63.3 2 466 364 680 345 655 266 184 19 025 5.2 212 721 1 304 333 225 185 078 55.5 359 184 719 173 422 124 492 11 297 6.1 148 147 707 29 247 7 783 1 392 19 730 31 040 15 050 1 555 13 624 155 418 132 506 3 979 17 985 18 818 14 607 511 3 694 5 554 1 781 3 773 3 171 6 565 797 5 768 5 453 31 105 9 891 1 345 19 825 32 17 1 14 223 135 7 80 24 10

12 12

955 133 504 186 036 095 643 115 264 101 622 541 596 902 694 431 269 483 786 523

333 61 29 76 54

225 371 667 747 105

LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 years and over In labor force Percent of persons 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Females 16 years and over In labor force Percent of females 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Males 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Males 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 20 to 24 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 25 to 54 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 55 to 64 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 65 to 69 In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 70 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989

years

years

years

years

and over

82 39 9 32 431 251 31 146 62 22 1 38 24 3 20 18 44 2 41 39

718 895 552 551 080 698 853 514 995 406 953 636 292 744 548 589 336 560 776 694

79 38 9 31 416 243 30 140 60 21 1 37 23 3 19 18 42 2 40 38

220 302 208 020 151 939 651 576 764 769 879 116 609 669 940 087 920 546 374 370

2 613 1 118 286 1 189 10 085 5 004 880 4 182 1 543 420 39 1 084 505 43 462 389 1 028 4 1 024 949

885 475 58 342 4 844 2 755 322 1 756 688 217 35 436 178 32 146 113 388 10 378 375

294 168 13 111 1 777 1 203 59 511 260 121 6 131 98 18 80 73 146 8 138 133

485 071 326 968 497 710 948 318 191 478 890 768 240 228 012 041 747 409 338 512

277 157 12 106 1 706 1 155 57 491 250 117 6 126 94 17 77 70 141 8 133 129

791 871 312 702 215 580 151 362 941 314 734 838 962 715 247 458 915 081 834 263

65 37 2 26 418 289 13 115 62 28 1 32 25 4 21 19 44 2 42 41

680 096 242 231 182 220 214 539 650 131 850 658 781 264 517 649 801 031 770 422

58 40 2 14 386 314 11 58 53 30 2 20 22 5 17 15 31 2 28 28

533 630 807 677 193 635 796 652 681 943 093 627 075 003 072 408 006 090 916 019

30 019 16 886 738 12 282 217 907 146 476 3 429 67 602 72 177 36 651 968 34 532 25 300 6 279 19 021 16 395 34 741 2 867 31 874 30 166

30 16 1 12 181 112 8 60 15 4

5 5

945 369 637 916 290 752 473 006 223 908 501 814 179 531 648 484 965 273 692 593

714 147 78 142 97

654 285 910 961 957

689 140 75 138 95

287 590 591 631 307

17 4 2 2 1

619 980 492 938 757

7 748 1 715 827 1 392 893

2 810 515 295 553 404

588 031 743 642 696

2 692 488 280 530 387

480 929 944 728 502

664 102 61 117 85

384 824 796 442 964

599 110 83 119 103

208 095 728 621 866

399 49 25 54 36

260 60 33 65 47

532 446 234 855 724

9 5 4 4 5

13 8 7 7 13

PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN IN FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES Females 16 years and over own children under 6 years labor force own children 6 to 17 years only labor force Own children under 6 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children under 6 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours With In With In

living with two 126 232 61 519 27 868

119 223 58 456 26 837

5 364 2 339 709

1 645 724 322

582 444 309 547 197 142

554 372 294 767 188 789

115 878 64 951 42 170

98 373 74 125 52 083

50 758 23 807 14 461

71 730 37 181 22 116

78 092 39 275 23 140

99 013 53 193 28 249

94 806 50 924 27 210

3 478 1 937 894

729 332 145

92 667 52 985 38 470

78 703 45 614 33 548

10 888 7 109 5 426

21 519 16 247 12 485

5 095 3 805 2 796

5 353 3 607 2 612

5 688 3 891 3 043

258 426 149 745 78 618

247 703 144 512 76 508

7 802 3 720 1 360

2 921 1 513 750

1 105 516 709 041 481 480

1 049 388 672 689 458 753

218 237 143 115 97 140

210 102 173 030 129 023

83 909 48 981 30 490

139 960 92 445 60 066

137 986 92 132 60 002

153 491 100 318 62 936

148 573 97 312 61 300

3 556 2 123 1 032

1 362 883 604

191 540 133 038 103 025

170 803 118 413 92 598

27 395 20 092 15 793

41 983 35 475 29 392

13 615 11 734 9 440

10 691 8 025 6 258

17 918 15 015 11 966

living with one

living with two

living with one

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

450

585 337 584 309 553

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

111

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 108.

Section Five: Census Data

Labor Force Characteristics for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States

Con.

Pacific Islander

Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

Persons 16 years and over In labor force Percent of persons 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Females 16 years and over In labor force Percent of females 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Males 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Males 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

423 121 273 098 64.5 1 511 271 587 248 881 193 924 22 706 8.4 150 023 1 703 199 310 111 282 55.8 112 111 170 101 304 74 015 9 866 8.9 88 028 340 31 651 8 227 1 917 21 321 35 218 20 087 2 445 11 983 138 622 111 379 7 778 18 955 11 276 6 966 655 3 655 3 114 657 2 457 2 254 3 930 306 3 624 3 526 25 744 6 711 1 249 17 752

85 500 39 793 46.5 89 39 704 35 623 27 884 4 081 10.3 45 707 194 45 754 17 080 37.3 – 17 080 15 391 11 603 1 689 9.9 28 674 32 5 943 1 189 396 4 332 5 802 3 247 446 2 065 24 054 15 046 1 422 7 567 2 500 648 108 1 744 726 72 654 650 721 50 671 649 5 692 1 058 261 4 373

40 649 11 923 29.3 33 11 890 9 756 6 534 2 134 17.9 28 726 48 20 265 4 039 19.9 – 4 039 3 273 2 287 766 19.0 16 226 6 3 572 524 312 2 728 3 674 1 361 352 1 954 11 358 4 416 696 6 228 987 135 8 844 271 16 255 255 522 31 491 488 2 975 377 133 2 465

87 683 50 869 58.0 166 50 703 46 010 38 156 4 693 9.3 36 814 149 42 044 20 799 49.5 13 20 786 18 847 15 157 1 939 9.3 21 245 12 6 635 1 776 485 4 318 6 371 4 169 517 1 611 28 902 20 341 1 604 6 934 2 315 733 130 1 452 643 110 533 505 773 52 721 704 6 002 1 383 358 4 256

71 907 51 359 71.4 642 50 717 48 028 37 318 2 689 5.3 20 548 192 44 917 30 268 67.4 67 30 201 28 339 20 998 1 862 6.2 14 649 50 3 065 1 176 177 1 671 3 660 1 784 150 1 387 19 395 16 280 484 2 436 578 416 16 146 151 18 133 120 141 15 126 113 3 337 1 173 232 1 920

190 104 125 420 66.0 1 186 124 234 115 816 87 538 8 418 6.8 64 684 1 867 83 256 44 863 53.9 132 44 731 41 287 27 696 3 444 7.7 38 393 181 10 140 3 503 735 5 822 18 180 9 133 1 002 7 711 70 091 57 649 2 785 9 017 5 205 3 572 350 1 283 1 432 504 928 799 1 800 270 1 530 1 429 9 420 3 069 511 5 834

236 085 165 537 70.1 6 645 158 892 147 318 114 925 11 574 7.3 70 548 3 441 118 108 73 822 62.5 646 73 176 68 129 48 955 5 047 6.9 44 286 1 042 13 618 4 768 1 166 7 356 16 980 11 284 1 431 2 752 72 515 57 094 3 575 7 701 8 596 5 118 274 3 191 2 624 576 2 048 1 718 3 644 430 3 214 2 969 12 772 4 819 1 055 6 865

140 885 100 328 71.2 2 627 97 701 91 543 71 278 6 158 6.3 40 557 1 769 70 907 45 715 64.5 291 45 424 42 760 30 578 2 664 5.9 25 192 560 7 550 2 895 682 3 823 9 408 6 623 726 1 438 42 886 35 205 1 841 4 282 5 831 3 436 192 2 196 1 812 385 1 427 1 154 2 491 292 2 199 2 037 6 943 2 774 519 3 639

35 336 22 523 63.7 1 381 21 142 19 041 15 057 2 101 9.9 12 813 1 085 17 393 9 524 54.8 119 9 405 8 394 6 292 1 011 10.7 7 869 341 2 650 682 202 1 689 2 973 1 863 278 519 10 514 7 454 564 1 630 1 096 543 37 510 308 69 239 223 402 45 357 333 2 220 649 177 1 377

33 562 24 225 72.2 2 212 22 013 20 298 16 056 1 715 7.8 9 337 404 16 590 10 404 62.7 187 10 217 9 557 6 866 660 6.5 6 186 111 1 899 686 169 956 2 444 1 461 188 332 10 950 7 885 659 932 924 636 30 258 333 59 274 248 422 23 399 348 2 070 828 234 1 008

26 302 18 461 70.2 425 18 036 16 436 12 534 1 600 8.9 7 841 183 13 218 8 179 61.9 49 8 130 7 418 5 219 712 8.8 5 039 30 1 519 505 113 888 2 155 1 337 239 463 8 165 6 550 511 857 745 503 15 227 171 63 108 93 329 70 259 251 1 539 568 125 841

Females 20 to 24 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 25 to 54 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 55 to 64 Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 65 to 69 In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 70 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989

26 14 1 10 126 76 6 42 11 3

5 5

667 214 580 825 264 741 553 938 094 274 406 414 747 309 438 350 794 133 661 581

6 599 2 881 419 3 299 28 630 11 087 956 16 587 2 641 308 31 2 302 988 79 909 909 1 204 – 1 204 1 171

3 212 852 129 2 231 11 033 1 860 470 8 703 1 180 123 29 1 028 693 39 654 647 1 172 27 1 145 1 118

6 154 3 297 370 2 479 26 177 13 897 1 153 11 127 1 764 252 42 1 470 700 7 693 693 1 247 27 1 220 1 209

3 881 1 989 262 1 624 35 492 24 433 1 313 9 697 1 431 654 55 722 386 51 335 306 390 39 351 351

13 146 6 524 624 5 952 52 011 29 384 2 151 20 396 4 836 1 969 137 2 730 1 517 251 1 266 1 186 2 326 111 2 215 2 110

4 4

694 200 014 266 282 130 797 956 250 164 156 930 278 513 765 583 832 328 504 249

9 270 5 873 495 2 811 42 570 30 231 1 530 10 620 6 361 3 187 101 3 073 2 313 455 1 858 1 748 3 450 259 3 191 2 979

2 922 1 538 249 1 080 10 190 5 786 559 3 798 1 153 363 26 764 337 6 331 294 571 52 519 519

2 362 1 538 85 696 10 161 6 812 327 2 878 1 037 330 8 699 405 38 367 352 555 17 538 495

2 140 1 251 185 679 8 361 5 301 381 2 660 699 284 21 394 223 14 209 189 256 – 256 256

199 42 22 45 29

310 517 759 352 344

45 14 5 10 4

20 10 1 3

42 12 5 11 6

44 6 3 12 9

83 18 7 14 9

118 26 14 22 17

108 102 799 914 194

70 14 8 13 10

17 4 2 3 2

16 3 2 3 2

LABOR FORCE STATUS

years

years

years

years

7 3

and over

3 3 5

16 10 1 5 71 48 2 19 9 4 4 3 2 2 4

PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN IN FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES With In With In

Females 16 years and over own children under 6 years labor force own children 6 to 17 years only labor force

Own children under 6 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children under 6 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours

112

754 942 077 170 343

265 156 626 349 814

044 592 865 469 625

917 366 889 331 087

256 283 719 083 077

907 157 390 496 484

393 797 369 383 253

590 705 091 482 617

13 3 1 2 1

218 443 949 553 840

living with two 46 198 23 788 15 648

15 716 4 912 3 494

21 895 2 697 1 444

16 433 6 416 4 781

4 699 2 902 1 906

34 600 14 713 7 546

28 072 14 780 8 353

14 271 7 813 4 357

5 873 2 768 1 659

3 628 1 977 1 041

4 300 2 222 1 296

11 113 4 341 2 957

7 018 1 206 629

2 530 447 170

3 841 1 350 875

994 732 522

4 664 2 879 2 033

13 964 7 371 4 922

8 749 4 776 3 303

2 948 1 322 772

1 280 733 516

987 540 331

102 104 53 840 36 422

31 528 11 271 8 090

26 324 4 173 2 659

36 533 17 095 12 800

12 668 8 809 5 894

50 037 27 798 16 167

56 128 36 352 22 727

30 965 21 082 13 494

10 650 5 859 3 554

7 729 5 198 3 194

6 784 4 213 2 485

26 126 13 762 9 224

10 642 2 362 1 516

4 224 497 302

6 157 2 306 1 638

3 033 2 622 2 101

9 019 6 523 4 968

20 737 14 625 10 427

13 446 9 569 6 669

3 454 2 134 1 534

2 228 1 703 1 293

1 609 1 219 931

living with one

living with two

living with one

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

451

Section Five: Census Data

Table 109.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Additional Labor Force Characteristics and Veteran Status for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

305 218 135 10 21 10 2 65 18 2 121 58 10

156 614 797 678 205 191 955 337 947 256 370 613 433

295 212 132 10 20 9 2 62 18 2 117 57 10

600 558 208 337 365 815 816 677 150 158 790 265 172

6 260 3 722 2 147 203 613 290 100 1 925 611 84 2 636 891 211

3 296 2 334 1 442 138 227 86 39 735 186 14 944 457 50

1 295 099 1 068 819 715 004 31 496 33 315 19 141 4 071 192 965 53 519 3 121 185 926 116 808 6 393

1 242 237 1 025 777 686 197 30 359 31 516 18 057 3 892 184 944 50 489 2 987 172 861 109 728 5 674

143 100 25 8 66 43 17 8 2 4 25 8 5 12

769 668 218 994 322 101 106 772 680 258 995 231 039 596

138 96 24 8 63 41 16 8 2 3 25 7 4 12

346 983 342 790 723 363 176 363 556 954 187 990 887 187

3 911 2 591 569 139 1 877 1 320 756 298 115 262 564 165 115 279

1 512 1 094 307 65 722 418 174 111 9 42 244 76 37 130

728 518 66 43 56 42 2 340 233 34 24 29 16 1

953 435 172 141 132 270 803 042 919 311 691 755 026 340

705 504 62 40 54 41 2 329 227 32 23 28 15 1

518 118 186 734 537 227 716 185 653 434 241 907 659 291

15 8 3 1 1

108 375 118 911 171 485 48 122 614 479 166 605 224 34

8 327 5 942 868 496 424 558 39 3 735 2 652 398 284 243 143 15

940 472 39 80 91 117 139 740 515 422 64 433 205 16 38 45 56 69 311 212 173 28

172 252 576 053 517 477 297 837 937 031 503 349 888 904 235 804 940 578 436 942 875 652

903 459 38 77 87 111 129 714 502 411 62 417 200 16 36 43 54 65 301 207 169 27

858 553 335 262 657 585 466 373 275 234 075 504 655 371 855 806 474 343 169 541 682 543

24 806 7 734 722 1 962 2 740 3 845 7 803 17 779 8 437 6 554 1 669 10 795 3 184 294 969 1 491 1 597 3 260 6 930 3 336 2 559 815

11 508 4 965 519 829 1 120 2 047 2 028 8 685 5 225 4 243 759 5 050 2 049 239 411 507 869 975 3 337 2 065 1 634 294

463 67 153 187 55 305 29 75 200 178 121 32 58 31

968 067 924 916 061 156 632 213 311 417 370 080 200 090

449 65 149 182 52 295 29 73 193 172 117 31 56 30

281 548 259 003 471 600 029 192 379 627 790 306 415 069

10 1 3 3 1 6

193 181 37 20 16 76 35

511 439 560 667 944 033 463

188 176 36 19 16 74 34

412 602 316 962 375 090 841

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

LABOR FORCE STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS Married-couple families Husband employed or in Armed Forces Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband unemployed Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband not in labor force Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Female householder, no husband present Employed or in Armed Forces Unemployed

330 267 180 7 8 4 1 55 15 1 36 23

606 143 817 529 289 906 061 174 453 156 708 244 942

231 196 160 4 6 4

168 217 402 886 311 761 553 640 385 464 304 334 286

174 137 80 1 1

607 708 040 764 359 899 593 654 016 080 306 291 482 427

100 94 24 3 66 6 2 1

96 82 29 4 48 13 8 5

1

286 190 011 532 589 096 906 428 200 054 190 069 287 834

754 838 032 691 883 916 417 345 726 533 499 505 840 099

37 33 10 1 22 3 2 1

3 411 586 2 668 258 158 495 184 743 147 950 227 250 24 890 1 590 897 1 251 502 83 981 90 332 61 778 87 877 15 427

3 264 268 2 554 858 150 415 175 366 137 905 221 163 24 561 1 522 768 1 198 731 80 836 84 861 57 613 85 456 15 271

819 644 36 49 28 55 6 373 295 19 21 11 20 3

932 039 265 437 359 287 545 165 722 581 506 914 470 972

750 603 40 29 51 23 1 411 336 23 18 20 11

613 695 426 623 440 819 610 393 584 741 191 647 236 994

452 330 26 37 22 31 1 215 154 15 23 8 11 1

005 869 940 791 674 840 891 319 291 586 426 964 804 248

391 307 18 28 11 24 2 141 111 7 9 4 7 1

949 264 488 712 263 031 191 028 435 889 183 145 054 322

345 248 7 11 10 58 9 173 129 4 4 6 23 5

655 703 094 059 940 728 131 422 002 076 539 176 801 828

3 824 000 2 309 455 268 951 321 012 261 145 336 256 327 181 3 037 181 2 517 488 2 066 573 158 366 1 787 262 1 008 791 124 904 165 324 139 430 176 036 172 777 1 333 277 1 075 894 866 664 78 645

3 649 619 2 203 468 258 147 307 937 249 029 320 219 310 819 2 897 092 2 403 267 1 970 805 150 732 1 708 124 964 184 120 168 158 973 133 082 167 656 164 061 1 275 125 1 029 932 828 390 75 035

917 552 58 83 64 81 77 716 591 488 37 422 234 26 43 34 42 40 309 247 199 18

514 196 220 204 257 674 963 599 993 842 930 090 840 766 230 190 190 874 595 764 421 946

837 505 84 63 51 66 65 689 583 460 33 447 263 43 36 29 37 36 356 298 234 18

450 524 225 798 921 809 173 989 315 314 473 375 267 444 574 845 877 368 252 831 071 313

506 336 29 41 31 34 32 401 347 297 17 244 150 13 23 18 19 18 177 149 125 9

554 371 745 245 473 731 989 533 454 293 738 602 717 926 429 573 349 608 451 413 716 381

433 265 22 36 31 40 36 348 286 240 19 161 84 8 15 14 19 18 117 88 72 8

287 518 952 181 204 843 589 217 347 974 764 844 925 523 507 675 744 470 051 964 253 467

388 212 27 37 30 40 40 299 237 187 18 196 101 13 19 17 22 22 142 108 85 9

884 707 846 234 131 232 734 659 567 541 141 680 197 074 602 039 981 787 425 977 683 714

28 13 44 34 1

211 592 627 935 413 908 69 206 076 149 765 149 437

174 161 98 7 4 2

434 613 349 122 080 821 587 569 189 720 1 234 435 98 682

45 42 11 1 28 3 1

35 9 24 16

768 458 151 013 739 846 550 571 342 235 587 744 427

137 117 72 2 2 1

605 029 712 711 592 576 700 947 157 530 1 876 743 206 923

60 54 15 2 37 5 2 1

8 3 8 5

16 4 18 13

178 547 923 874 837 441 447 794 064 350 419 015 678

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 to 19 years Enrolled in school Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not enrolled in school High school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not high school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

480 427 120 20 285 53 27 16 2 6 26 9 2 13

997 064 911 084 473 933 719 221 402 943 214 440 997 671

454 407 115 18 273 46 23 13 2 6 23 8 2 12

1 3 1

1 5 2 2

352 945 177 287 405 407 825 573 225 739 2 582 924 225 1 411

CLASS OF WORKER Employed persons 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Employed females 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers

7 3 1 1

WORK STATUS IN 1989 Persons 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Females 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

WORKERS IN FAMILY IN 1989 Families No workers 1 worker 2 workers 3 or more workers Married-couple families No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers Husband and wife worked Female householder, no husband present No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers

049 115 219 931 784 260 379 306 575 704 636 615 275 746

4 638 404 1 446 1 982 806 3 296 224 715 2 357 2 086 944 159 510 275

1 577 131 413 720 312 1 295 91 303 900 804 185 32 74 79

820 352 200 804 464 099 301 369 429 563 926 120 060 746

1 506 125 394 688 298 1 242 88 292 860 770 172 29 68 75

724 147 651 469 457 237 550 710 977 325 861 080 676 105

389 30 99 185 74 330 24 76 229 204 36 4 14 17

818 715 427 555 121 606 299 454 853 526 708 703 690 315

293 12 53 141 86 231 8 29 193 175 44 3 17 23

229 108 068 283 770 168 237 165 766 730 304 177 810 317

208 18 69 89 31 174 15 54 104 92 24 2 10 12

165 026 167 205 767 211 020 839 352 444 765 215 406 144

192 5 53 99 34 174 3 46 124 112 8 1 3 3

836 366 402 833 235 768 508 704 556 823 587 357 779 451

163 12 51 73 25 137 9 39 88 79 18 2 9 6

149 354 860 021 914 178 252 602 324 543 419 462 091 866

3 426 3 235 878 491 396 1 253 384

1 673 1 602 366 214 173 690 238

250 236 51 30 26 88 56

255 706 366 547 534 118 019

222 210 44 26 23 75 52

097 908 415 652 173 842 905

38 37 5 3 2 10 12

568 087 215 497 876 422 340

72 68 18 11 10 30 13

065 346 847 460 233 535 697

76 73 6 3 2 20 24

071 655 174 195 699 543 383

4 4 2 1 1 1

979 320 361 518 371 518 470

14 13 7 3 3 3 1

428 044 273 858 395 838 082

1 4 3 2 1

VETERAN STATUS AND PERIOD OF SERVICE Civilian veterans 16 years and over Male May 1975 or later service only September 1980 or later service only Served 2 or more years Vietnam-era service World War II service

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

452

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

113

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 109.

Section Five: Census Data

Additional Labor Force Characteristics and Veteran Status for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

Con.

Pacific Islander

Cambodian

Hmong

Laotian

Thai

819 067 290 999 683 566 665 069 237 272 815 919 928

19 374 11 021 7 566 386 886 327 96 7 467 327 97 7 165 1 310 284

11 838 3 996 1 628 319 704 84 114 7 138 244 79 1 952 138 73

23 369 14 975 11 284 718 1 200 469 207 7 194 586 117 3 238 992 178

12 437 11 385 8 283 376 216 166 11 836 441 6 3 189 2 503 131

395 550 772 625 109 845 095 067 178 676 3 750 1 099 363 2 288

11 635 10 010 1 750 489 7 765 1 625 426 230 57 119 1 199 267 111 821

6 547 5 624 720 369 4 535 923 199 82 24 85 724 99 52 573

12 637 10 474 2 360 670 7 422 2 163 616 310 55 212 1 547 489 118 940

6 402 5 513 1 899 306 3 300 889 489 290 48 106 400 160 55 185

9 756 7 841 1 114 391 134 218 58 3 273 2 539 416 193 41 71 13

46 010 41 711 1 913 790 507 939 150 18 847 17 121 780 289 203 373 81

48 39 1 1 1 3

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

862 042 807 137 799 084 179 021 030 134 065 080 719

31 302 25 251 17 878 548 849 473 85 5 202 1 986 71 8 620 4 671 418

7 676 6 065 3 527 238 360 219 31 1 251 437 40 1 984 894 156

8 003 6 752 4 305 178 377 244 33 874 321 16 1 530 905 97

5 881 4 974 3 097 173 213 148 30 694 286 7 931 610 48

390 356 871 320 114 034 126 567 386 863 2 908 1 149 515 1 244

14 493 10 498 3 412 715 6 345 3 995 2 499 1 685 226 453 1 496 572 260 664

4 870 3 536 758 167 2 606 1 334 700 339 107 165 634 234 105 295

3 969 2 915 936 256 1 714 1 054 620 374 42 125 434 204 105 125

3 058 2 407 765 182 1 449 651 307 169 11 120 344 139 45 160

543 634 554 250 043 834 228 760 608 962 477 987 622 104

19 041 14 899 1 153 839 1 593 513 44 8 394 6 512 549 388 696 226 23

20 298 15 024 1 010 695 2 883 651 35 9 557 7 250 452 335 1 252 250 18

16 436 13 843 363 593 526 1 089 22 7 418 6 401 182 271 230 323 11

450 654 633 693 751 229 490 194 228 459 145 089 372 780 803 813 070 251 738 992 742 438

25 15 1 1 1 2 2 20 16 13 1 11 6

18 10 1 1 1 1 2 14 11 9

279 144 036 085 014 676 460 950 266 295 984 642 803 539

10 314 612 2 830 4 902 1 970 8 003 276 1 793 5 934 5 154 1 530 268 619 643

7 423 343 2 003 3 685 1 392 5 881 170 1 277 4 434 3 849 931 153 482 296

2 998 2 709 1 442 722 610 1 149 146

4 783 4 381 1 582 911 776 2 336 332

893 709 393 254 228 279 82

Other Asian

LABOR FORCE STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS Married-couple families Husband employed or in Armed Forces Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband unemployed Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband not in labor force Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Female householder, no husband present Employed or in Armed Forces Unemployed

84 68 45 2 3 1 13 2 18 8

42 36 19 1 1

469 376 226 324 238 583 119 855 334 62 719 380 310

52 43 28 1 1 1

19 560 16 922 5 258 962 10 679 2 638 1 333 813 157 306 1 305 501 127 671

26 19 5 1 12 7 4 2

4 1 5 3

8 3 13 7

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 to 19 years Enrolled in school Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not enrolled in school High school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not high school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

57 51 12 2 36 5 2 1

CLASS OF WORKER Employed persons 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Employed females 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers

248 208 9 7 6 14 1 101 83 4 3 2 6 1

881 372 897 787 721 239 865 304 278 572 453 709 173 119

35 623 30 168 2 087 960 664 1 558 186 15 391 12 995 903 479 241 634 139

028 448 516 450 907 349 358 339 210 075 842 324 669 219

115 92 4 7 3 7

816 748 675 366 296 155 576 287 554 217 760 249 171 336

147 113 8 9 10 6

277 166 16 21 18 27 27 215 175 147 10 113 63 6 9 8 12 12 82 65 54 4

575 027 507 510 428 141 962 711 650 831 602 011 556 779 350 516 173 637 439 670 471 475

39 23 2 3 2 3 4 31 25 21 1 17 9 1 1 1 1 2 13 10 8

846 934 430 046 276 823 337 926 872 613 307 544 969 069 454 238 708 106 401 761 830 661

12 438 5 375 850 921 1 006 1 859 2 427 8 125 5 612 4 395 611 4 222 1 788 254 310 408 767 695 2 794 1 841 1 475 260

50 30 4 3 3 4 4 42 34 28 2 21 12 1 1 1 2 2 17 13 10

792 394 050 508 273 655 912 990 508 198 397 013 027 601 655 395 037 298 201 630 963 976

53 31 3 4 3 4 4 42 35 28 2 31 18 2 2 2 3 2 23 19 15 1

385 901 842 762 929 579 372 161 226 493 323 561 019 074 925 682 003 858 905 303 584 550

131 73 7 12 11 13 13 100 79 65 6 48 23 2 4 4 5 6 32 24 19 2

894 521 480 528 131 873 361 182 723 311 446 182 879 658 937 521 827 360 611 778 923 292

174 105 10 13 12 16 16 140 114 95 7 79 44 4 6 6 8 8 58 45 38 3

381 987 804 075 116 037 362 089 221 768 634 138 607 736 351 348 380 716 152 962 274 610

106 66 6 7 7 9 9 85 70 60 4 49 28 2 3 3 4 4 36 29 24 2

741 736 275 936 306 368 120 508 954 152 491 441 758 871 960 996 906 950 249 397 723 229

23 13 1 1 1 2 2 19 15 12 1 10 5

118 16 29 47 25 84 8 18 58 50 18 6 6 6

309 085 722 277 225 819 092 502 225 400 815 384 100 331

28 10 5 7 3 19 6 3 9 8 7 4 1 1

185 745 831 801 808 374 105 667 602 283 165 234 660 271

14 7 4 2

28 7 5 10 5 23 5 3 13 12 3 1

592 648 352 195 397 369 770 673 926 694 238 539 875 824

16 710 834 4 385 8 904 2 587 12 437 258 2 556 9 623 9 179 3 189 425 1 426 1 338

53 4 18 23 7 42 2 14 25 22 5 1 2 2

357 094 416 179 668 469 340 147 982 591 719 276 412 031

71 6 18 32 14 52 2 10 39 34 13 3 5 4

096 205 549 335 007 862 751 659 452 238 065 040 384 641

43 4 10 19 8 31 1 5 23 20 8 1 3 3

080 106 680 663 631 302 845 639 818 940 620 977 480 163

10 1 3 4 2 7

6 5 1 1 1 4

602 968 451 274 085 559 250

1 133 1 057 258 170 119 696 51

713 531 536 433 323 132 21

5 5 1 1

681 157 874 018 876 2 385 560

28 25 6 3 3 12 3

158 798 951 895 361 276 114

19 17 3 2 1 8 2

484 999 534 008 747 512 554

28 23 1 1 1

41 32 2 2 1 2

68 52 3 5 4 2

318 400 080 377 045 087 329 129 771 145 471 165 421 156

91 69 5 7 5 3 42 32 1 4 1 1

WORK STATUS IN 1989 Persons 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Females 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

1 1 7 5 4

1 1 8 6 5

360 037 837 891 715 492 388 534 570 675 101 173 083 660 895 915 364 256 164 119 111 584

8 4

1 1 6 4 3

830 560 059 555 344 948 364 853 469 482 897 435 394 425 693 624 040 259 001 454 698 359

WORKERS IN FAMILY IN 1989 Families No workers 1 worker 2 workers 3 or more workers Married-couple families No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers Husband and wife worked Female householder, no husband present No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers

11 5 3 2 2 1 1

374 172 021 216 965 838 669 401 768 112 952 308 427 217

1 5 4 1

VETERAN STATUS AND PERIOD OF SERVICE Civilian veterans 16 years and over Male May 1975 or later service only September 1980 or later service only Served 2 or more years Vietnam-era service World War II service

114

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

701 650 229 113 103 342 32

1 156 1 093 197 116 93 872 19

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

453

Section Five: Census Data

Table 110.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupation of Employed Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

953 555 825 345 191 730 274 865 467 064 766 080 096 853 113 582 853 351 378 049 548 554 649 484 198 744 856 198 930 690 233 043 405 255 449

705 128 60 6 16 68 8 4 1 9 27 18 188 8 13 61 13 11 37 19 104 3 24 11 4 129 3 16 5 109 40 30 23 4 15

782 650 638 530 371 625 645 763 380 715 623 986 327 042 848 884 820 586 964 980 541 423 8 654 20 144 14 472

97 26 41 26 137 34 24 27 26 10 40 10 11 329 71 30 2 10 40 1

Employed persons 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations

728 133 62 6 17 70 9 4 1 10 28 19 195 8 14 63 13 11 38 20 108 3 25 11 5 134 3 17 5 113 42 32 24 4 15

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers Employed females 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools

99 27 42 27 141 35 24 28 27 10 41 10 12 340 73 31 2 10 41 1

Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations

134 7 4 38 6 4 27 16 84 2 24 10 2

Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers

79 643 3 556 2 643 652 73 444 26 436 13 895 3 740 772 2 662 10 609 1 332 1 550 7 648 37 709 15 613 9 008 4 650 4 538 605 7 833 497 2 819

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

454

493 017 297 479 098 753 628 528 700 378 934 443 288

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

518 790 681 031 607 109 941 678 408 829 329 000 174 657 636 424 380 003 041 419 457 416 835 021 955 834 724 718 765 392 861 387 707 180 235

15 108 3 014 1 262 271 288 1 752 147 84 27 95 1 079 879 4 512 115 291 1 250 257 190 803 446 2 856 62 561 298 151 3 308 66 329 127 2 913 848 1 168 296 49 118

8 327 1 751 882 43 296 869 186 103 32 140 358 201 2 410 81 186 908 216 158 534 184 1 235 76 253 165 92 1 602 66 151 38 1 385 524 488 402 26 96

3 411 586 1 045 160 428 273 10 748 149 459 616 887 201 193 117 858 77 501 110 659 131 237 49 959 1 134 130 52 383 155 867 400 985 109 710 78 905 212 370 105 851 524 895 23 640 83 460 67 517 41 046 504 688 14 044 29 083 7 596 461 561 250 384 86 854 40 718 7 679 30 175

3 264 268 1 018 546 413 944 10 165 145 056 604 602 199 186 116 842 77 171 109 289 126 978 47 377 1 086 905 51 102 152 822 386 108 106 880 76 267 202 961 100 715 496 873 22 729 77 823 65 110 39 536 476 433 13 297 24 280 6 041 438 856 240 840 80 357 37 059 7 274 27 172

200 815 668 823 813 964 261 924 595 425 239 703 886 185 187 809 644 240 378 942 529 397 8 441 19 150 13 681

1 646 510 655 433 2 332 422 232 581 547 186 911 181 305 7 122 1 813 677 153 169 1 136 29 8 11 86 766 625

936 325 315 274 1 226 239 152 258 238 104 473 102 136 3 735 848 398 23 177 450 9 4 15 127 228 166

273 74 56 141 413 169 95 50 49 8 89 11 31 1 590 448 179 4 82 268 38 12 22 94 70 38

473 673 341 794 417 521 890 674 126 046 286 419 370 897 538 835 454 290 703 787 264 310 913 241 662

255 69 49 137 389 164 92 44 43 6 81 9 28 1 522 434 172 4 79 262 38 12 22 93 67 36

901 026 183 091 424 617 840 748 403 081 138 478 911 768 860 732 174 674 128 278 147 219 770 358 727

843 850 116 189 912 616 661 981 688 267 142 058 145

3 066 95 132 760 102 80 578 373 2 079 54 549 258 100

1 584 72 49 530 84 57 389 174 933 57 243 127 43

636 35 48 197 35 31 131 71 355 11 78 52 14

528 757 025 333 101 043 189 840 413 366 838 787 313

604 34 47 187 33 29 124 67 334 10 73 50 13

122 811 096 919 696 753 470 736 296 740 485 640 767

77 071 3 424 2 583 652 71 064 25 659 13 324 3 680 767 2 625 10 365 1 307 1 501 7 478 37 039 15 326 8 902 4 570 4 464 591 7 650 490 2 727

1 704 66 21 – 1 617 503 384 32 3 22 120 9 41 70 387 177 66 43 37 – 101 2 46

868 66 39 – 763 274 187 28 2 15 124 16 8 100 283 110 40 37 37 14 82 5 46

129 6 4 37 5 4 26 15 81 2 24 10 2

259 244 12 698 3 923 699 242 623 106 592 40 319 8 330 1 586 6 561 65 307 4 492 2 178 58 598 172 950 96 039 47 664 3 688 3 541 507 25 052 562 8 021

244 776 11 984 3 213 604 229 579 101 510 37 293 7 815 1 550 6 086 63 650 4 168 2 062 57 381 167 545 94 011 46 594 2 867 2 729 408 23 665 495 7 462

Chinese 819 293 123 2 41 169 71 40 17 14 40 11 255 8 49 86 23 23 39 20 111 5 16 15 9 135 2 4 1 128 99 11 2

932 565 859 695 341 706 834 073 035 296 988 478 598 423 630 457 907 234 316 783 088 207 142 417 069 154 858 175 357 121 079 098 893 888 1 823

Filipino

Japanese

750 199 77 2 39 122 22 12 14 58 13 8 275 23 25 68 11 12 44 23 157 6 22 21 15 125 5 8 1 112 40 30 11 1 9

613 949 127 211 647 822 346 551 183 616 947 083 123 323 296 584 461 848 275 237 920 724 456 835 265 785 092 254 280 439 545 751 248 166 759

452 167 79 2 25 87 24 14 6 8 27 15 155 5 17 52 15 14 22 7 80 2 19 10 3 50 1 4 2 44 22 6 12 3 7

005 153 278 983 849 875 887 603 746 813 127 855 543 078 623 214 229 265 720 969 628 864 965 494 324 382 529 836 270 017 675 924 058 848 942

55 16 12 27 82 28 20 10 10 2 20 2 7 411 122 40 1 22 81 6 1 5 53 10 6

706 121 086 330 802 208 356 816 444 615 807 428 209 393 312 841 039 355 471 090 699 610 520 046 681

35 12 9 13 31 9 5 5 5

15 2 4 373 118 55 1 25 63 16 5 4 10 19 8

042 153 157 635 680 385 555 106 795 586 048 452 984 165 919 464 099 761 455 469 144 270 800 972 851

9 1 4 215 71 30 1 13 41 4 1 1 6 19 12

462 584 485 309 407 217 705 754 583 800 931 056 225 319 716 158 262 231 558 523 553 423 906 183 907

142 5 18 41 7 9 24 14 77 2 15 12 3

357 658 217 410 538 679 193 472 072 593 203 467 663

170 16 7 41 5 5 30 17 104 3 21 16 4

529 785 996 627 283 880 464 176 121 202 224 723 159

94 3 5 24 4 5 15 6 60 1 19 8 1

030 647 416 633 207 003 423 109 334 437 313 818 052

46 12 8 25 86 49 12 9 8

50 893 2 407 713 180 47 773 29 805 4 749 720 228 473 11 959 766 226 10 958 48 317 36 664 6 668 473 455 84 4 428 118 1 165

71 390 4 767 1 013 111 65 610 19 127 14 578 3 082 317 2 758 13 312 1 142 383 11 775 30 768 13 877 10 684 810 737 118 5 279 122 1 768

29 682 1 386 592 164 27 704 13 167 3 653 1 770 617 1 141 6 633 686 392 5 549 11 488 5 426 2 840 515 497 63 2 644 52 947

Asian Indian

Korean

391 949 170 844 54 687 882 16 451 116 157 45 479 27 237 25 595 13 329 22 643 5 094 130 182 7 863 23 091 47 367 14 234 8 301 24 832 12 909 51 861 2 983 5 784 6 031 3 647 31 579 1 100 2 819 213 27 660 11 220 4 351 2 304 357 1 875

345 655 87 974 41 482 591 9 185 46 492 9 821 5 798 6 624 7 480 10 498 2 296 128 210 2 242 9 476 80 791 30 094 10 212 40 485 18 087 35 701 1 422 5 797 4 199 3 688 52 138 913 1 312 334 49 913 26 165 11 556 2 284 524 1 639

20 5 3 11 36 12 9 6 5

6 34 5 1 7 10 8 3

276 526 157 500 764 353 566 039 886 549 257 819 844 028 322 660 222 366 662 125 111 700 504 022 674

59 4 5 17 2 2 12 6 31 1 5 3 1

194 563 913 709 903 523 283 733 009 159 344 832 495

8 2 141 49 14

16 153 975 321 37 14 857 3 676 1 841 436 59 361 3 721 200 73 3 442 12 202 5 229 4 433 154 154 30 2 356 23 707

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

30 6 7 16 44 22 9 4 4 8 3 173 35 16 4 19 1 1 6 4 1

738 503 731 489 311 448 146 077 033 284 356 960 618 422 699 386 278 996 313 947 716 347 721 427 643

68 1 2 39 10 4 24 12 25

379 556 694 034 164 007 863 411 095 802 5 408 3 540 1 936

35 427 863 212 23 34 352 17 956 6 245 718 172 518 9 576 462 362 8 752 23 623 14 033 5 958 352 344 45 3 235 122 1 175

115

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 110.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupation of Employed Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States

Employed persons 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers Employed females 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools

Con.

Pacific Islander

Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

248 881 43 774 15 237 267 5 729 28 537 15 708 11 357 2 041 2 155 3 648 1 574 73 460 1 731 19 426 22 968 5 192 3 037 14 739 8 477 29 335 2 076 3 404 3 255 2 521 37 280 577 851 130 35 852 18 366 6 626 3 474 140 1 880

35 623 3 504 1 424 49 413 2 080 478 295 31 141 622 279 8 309 297 1 250 2 941 635 221 2 085 1 175 3 821 259 448 413 353 6 372 127 195 27 6 050 2 726 2 139 620 40 520

9 756 1 247 333 14 128 914 67 29 13 45 290 168 1 848 38 188 490 65 73 352 260 1 132 19 108 82 82 1 952 15 72 21 1 865 839 627 224 30 194

46 010 2 322 824 24 267 1 498 227 160 9 177 431 241 6 971 148 715 2 318 431 336 1 551 976 3 790 142 294 318 295 6 739 86 136 43 6 517 3 099 2 578 685 79 534

48 028 11 322 4 617 84 1 342 6 705 1 579 794 1 134 2 052 944 277 12 716 392 1 428 5 423 1 295 761 3 367 2 000 5 473 348 608 943 515 12 866 247 193 44 12 426 8 076 1 719 329 56 242

115 816 36 892 15 076 365 4 704 21 816 6 760 3 945 3 760 2 185 5 840 2 032 38 945 1 567 4 699 16 555 4 337 2 979 9 239 4 842 16 124 685 2 817 2 123 777 16 186 753 1 437 322 13 996 8 050 1 988 940 146 764

147 318 26 614 14 329 583 4 403 12 285 2 007 1 016 330 1 370 4 259 2 582 47 225 1 281 3 045 14 877 2 830 2 638 9 409 5 136 28 022 911 5 637 2 407 1 510 28 255 747 4 803 1 555 22 705 9 544 6 497 3 659 405 3 003

91 543 18 478 9 905 411 2 843 8 573 1 317 653 208 777 3 185 2 045 29 366 672 1 939 9 384 1 843 1 861 5 680 2 886 17 371 542 3 492 1 644 866 17 037 240 3 327 1 316 13 470 5 849 3 653 2 242 285 1 801

19 041 2 567 1 248 38 390 1 319 158 71 33 199 385 176 6 148 238 284 1 656 294 253 1 109 778 3 970 128 916 179 217 3 809 67 850 123 2 892 1 095 830 274 8 238

20 298 3 496 2 147 105 813 1 349 421 206 61 220 392 201 7 289 246 564 2 322 443 349 1 530 780 4 157 118 745 376 285 3 373 301 325 59 2 747 1 166 808 350 15 286

16 436 2 073 1 029 29 357 1 044 111 86 28 174 297 160 4 422 125 258 1 515 250 175 1 090 692 2 524 123 484 208 142 4 036 139 301 57 3 596 1 434 1 206 793 97 678

991 715 190 010 902 026 417 714 573 558 187 760 653 304 139 322 100 735 817 807 543 573 640 711 940

6 143 995 624 4 514 10 675 4 447 3 840 418 414 92 1 878 101 632 15 391 1 258 490 10 256 768 91 63 11 79 293 161

1 353 357 111 878 3 132 1 409 1 034 132 132 34 523 38 164 3 273 353 92 7 28 261 – – 13 28 69 35

9 117 1 497 909 6 701 20 176 9 020 7 365 336 336 249 3 206 190 742 18 847 894 296 5 123 598 41 7 9 120 191 115

3 605 972 532 2 101 7 190 3 273 1 677 850 841 38 1 352 40 566 28 339 5 955 2 225 41 864 3 730 361 58 347 1 961 606 220

798 463 969 326 622 035 423 039 913 373 752 232 434 760 751 970 189 707 781 370 73 63 612 293 570

2 106 537 836 721 4 137 945 561 914 907 305 1 412 282 463 8 394 1 124 569 27 218 555 23 3 – 179 182 96

2 769 1 129 739 889 3 021 776 522 505 449 174 1 044 137 295 9 557 1 834 1 121 58 469 713 108 41 20 189 256 160

1 899 518 614 767 3 213 1 148 544 468 454 113 940 290 267 7 418 969 443 6 222 526 8 – 8 163 152 109

38 9 4 25 51 21 19 2 2 8 2 101 16 7 3 8 2 1 1 1

8 2 2 3 14 3 2 4 4 3 1 41 12 4 1 7

1 2 1

468 603 201 624 385 831 179 506 366 276 593 634 274 287 293 798 111 959 495 824 253 916 491 838 500

17 5 7 4 23 4 3 5 5 1 8 1 2 68 13 7 2 6

1 2 1

572 647 158 703 993 904 050 926 723 965 148 941 459 129 678 103 280 616 575 509 117 91 143 883 935

10 3 4 2 13 2 1 4 3 1 4 1 1 42 9 4 1 4

2 1

Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations

35 1 4 11 1 1 8 5 18

377 115 907 265 885 055 325 257 090 960 3 064 2 565 909

4 431 197 263 1 712 209 118 1 385 887 2 259 98 413 277 84

765 17 15 210 8 8 194 150 523 7 86 33 10

3 673 90 145 1 306 163 133 1 010 686 2 132 52 283 263 82

7 772 266 540 3 207 510 356 2 341 1 561 3 759 180 542 737 172

17 615 917 990 5 806 826 991 3 989 2 294 9 902 250 2 605 1 385 205

32 406 946 929 9 414 1 405 1 290 6 719 4 104 21 117 626 5 353 2 147 546

20 379 513 666 5 852 945 939 3 968 2 333 13 348 362 3 336 1 454 353

4 194 178 61 1 166 155 114 897 669 2 789 97 864 155 51

4 791 181 94 1 417 189 159 1 069 605 3 099 67 680 351 94

3 042 74 108 979 116 78 785 497 1 881 100 473 187 48

Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers

19 293 508 135 22 18 650 7 847 2 243 301 52 207 10 299 501 298 9 500 19 895 8 683 8 642 240 230 26 2 304 8 688

2 733 100 18 – 2 615 1 044 745 199 – 187 2 014 60 56 1 898 4 756 2 045 1 931 26 26 – 754 4 230

614 7 – – 607 288 69 13 8 5 328 29 24 275 1 200 594 448 – – – 158 – 52

2 864 72 11 11 2 781 1 191 1 056 204 18 171 3 081 167 89 2 819 8 131 3 681 3 257 3 3 14 1 176 15 183

8 739 247 80 14 8 412 4 888 1 340 235 43 164 1 431 79 56 1 296 4 207 2 435 1 021 74 74 16 661 22 241

6 988 652 118 42 6 218 2 521 774 137 36 101 1 296 76 103 1 117 2 958 1 344 712 220 209 12 670 9 306

14 468 714 710 95 13 044 5 082 3 026 515 36 475 1 657 324 116 1 217 5 405 2 028 1 070 821 812 99 1 387 67 559

8 679 228 449 72 8 002 3 438 1 783 319 33 284 763 155 79 529 2 869 854 476 715 706 56 768 52 288

1 863 67 175 23 1 621 578 286 38 – 38 259 22 14 223 916 358 204 66 66 5 283 – 122

1 797 280 28 – 1 489 547 346 66 2 62 351 111 19 221 718 290 181 18 18 29 200 3 62

2 129 139 58 – 1 932 519 611 92 1 91 284 36 4 244 902 526 209 22 22 9 136 12 87

116

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

455

Section Five: Census Data

Table 111.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Income in 1989 of Households, Families, and Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

INCOME IN 1989 Households Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Families Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Married-couple families Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 or more Female householder, no husband present Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Males 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Females 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Per capita income (dollars) Persons in households (dollars) Persons in group quarters (dollars)

625 78 91 75 126 91 83 54 14 8 20 26 463 49 60 54 94 71 68 46 12 7 21 28 305 70 62 54 57 41 17 121 28 29 18 23 18 3 605 12

367 140 731 537 456 267 967 774 595 900 025 206 968 114 426 908 195 009 493 094 370 359 750 025 156 912 551 742 587 439 925 370 076 368 718 312 180 716 578 180 40.9 22 080 587 568 7 310 29.5 16 680 8 328 8 367 7 107

604 75 89 73 122 88 81 52 13 8 19 26 449 47 59 53 91 68 66 44 11 6 21 27 295 69 60 53 55 39 16 117 27 28 18 22 17 3 580 12

900 984 368 203 700 205 020 366 762 292 900 012 281 942 005 253 502 796 203 067 680 833 619 796 600 133 919 187 820 717 824 790 513 707 051 572 467 480 600 226 41.5 22 005 563 678 7 327 30.1 16 613 8 284 8 340 6 523

13 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

737 600 675 720 632 014 768 548 488 292 21 891 29 286 10 049 926 1 089 1 249 1 919 1 502 1 408 1 279 420 257 24 054 31 676 6 260 1 332 1 152 1 063 1 033 1 077 603 2 636 436 485 507 533 490 185 17 555 9 078 22.7 25 076 17 024 5 981 15.0 21 139 7 891 7 871 8 288

6 730 556 688 614 1 124 1 048 1 179 860 345 316 28 781 37 421 4 638 246 332 406 774 711 882 748 270 269 32 477 42 298 3 296 447 480 492 734 645 498 944 127 176 160 207 223 51 7 423 16 185 35.1 26 959 6 866 8 318 23.6 21 547 13 290 12 029 49 140

2 020 136 126 140 279 276 353 388 168 151 36 46 1 577 70 75 99 205 210 288 339 151 136 41 51 1 295 158 154 167 244 302 267 185 20 23 20 34 54 32 2 285 19

498 261 479 146 541 512 574 276 542 167 784 695 820 522 072 551 470 640 913 835 611 206 251 102 099 906 424 491 189 697 392 926 848 576 000 272 590 640 437 396 52.4 30 075 2 125 535 11 986 40.6 21 335 13 638 13 815 5 465

1 932 131 120 132 264 262 336 373 163 148 37 47 1 506 67 70 94 193 199 274 326 146 133 41 51 1 242 153 146 158 232 291 260 172 19 21 17 31 51 31 2 179 19

064 236 467 944 262 220 607 018 106 204 007 080 724 035 701 075 631 280 807 635 785 775 583 632 237 115 349 646 043 169 915 861 178 181 935 617 733 217 613 503 52.3 30 300 2 030 196 12 040 40.6 21 492 13 806 13 990 5 113

509 38 36 37 68 65 82 93 44 41 36 46 389 17 19 27 51 49 65 80 40 37 41 51 330 49 41 40 55 71 72 36 3 3 3 6 11 8 564 18

395 298 108 428 686 596 962 902 891 524 259 780 818 381 888 491 692 026 542 605 447 746 316 931 606 088 807 246 559 400 506 708 730 419 489 588 388 094 351 375 51.2 31 746 509 317 11 455 38.9 23 277 14 877 15 133 4 386

356 10 13 17 42 50 71 87 37 25 43 50 293 5 7 12 31 39 61 78 33 22 46 53 231 13 20 28 50 68 50 44 2 3 3 7 15 11 433 18

375 732 446 701 610 041 904 187 255 499 780 713 229 847 447 543 868 499 909 580 444 092 698 474 168 711 613 658 074 086 026 304 608 236 751 964 695 050 697 612 52.1 26 094 499 621 15 046 46.8 21 690 13 616 13 709 8 600

315 17 15 16 39 40 58 68 31 28 41 50 208 3 3 6 20 23 40 56 27 25 51 60 174 8 14 18 33 50 49 24 1 1 1 4 9 5 302 28

879 715 079 521 816 605 378 279 115 371 626 367 165 597 938 614 249 761 991 183 646 186 550 305 211 810 521 025 444 003 408 765 161 333 961 592 889 829 985 563 56.6 37 334 311 417 15 155 40.3 24 133 19 373 19 761 3 993

233 11 9 11 26 30 42 50 23 28 44 59 192 5 5 7 19 23 35 46 21 27 49 65 174 14 16 20 32 43 47 8 1 1

692 525 605 802 025 033 128 568 243 763 696 777 836 861 388 885 365 850 537 020 800 130 309 381 768 191 321 831 551 551 323 587 231 034 838 1 463 2 504 1 517 284 374 25 046 59.3 36 185 178 982 11 746 40.2 21 590 17 777 18 054 4 168

201 21 16 16 31 28 31 30 11 12 30 41 163 12 9 12 25 23 28 28 10 12 33 45 137 25 19 19 24 26 21 18 2 2 2 4 5 1 204 18

768 597 594 617 939 011 725 790 573 922 184 331 149 357 856 446 361 528 357 330 772 142 909 760 178 220 831 361 837 202 727 419 594 399 333 116 024 953 812 101 49.5 28 256 219 073 10 570 38.2 18 760 11 178 11 374 2 872

MEDIAN INCOME IN 1989 BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Family type and presence of own children: Families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Married-couple families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Female householder, no husband present (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Workers in family in 1989: No workers (dollars) 1 worker (dollars) 2 or more workers (dollars) Husband and wife worked (dollars) Nonfamily households (dollars) Male householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars) Female householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars)

21 20 16 28 28 22 10 8 6

750 221 856 287 124 901 742 692 279

21 20 16 28 27 22 10 8 6

619 040 658 119 928 683 635 579 205

24 23 21 30 30 26 13 11 8

054 639 413 817 131 653 761 968 070

32 32 27 38 41 33 15 12 10

477 920 188 327 331 417 341 353 208

41 41 37 44 44 40 22 15 10

251 025 325 965 966 210 983 791 838

41 41 38 45 45 40 23 16 11

583 534 260 261 399 538 686 278 338

41 42 42 43 45 42 26 19 14

316 684 424 764 477 416 928 469 760

46 47 43 50 51 45 30 22 19

698 268 797 705 529 151 950 731 558

51 53 50 54 57 50 32 21 15

550 494 696 733 546 982 675 473 965

49 51 45 51 52 43 22 16 13

309 063 531 503 531 470 245 281 558

33 35 31 36 37 29 19 15 11

909 126 354 915 769 561 127 860 431

6 15 32 35

069 526 978 390

6 15 32 35

040 473 844 273

7 16 34 36

949 595 193 815

9 20 42 45

285 920 179 000

9 27 50 52

050 860 706 729

9 28 51 53

170 499 044 162

9 28 50 52

293 776 881 953

10 25 53 55

623 707 521 651

21 42 60 61

688 599 174 953

5 000– 36 839 55 477 57 290

5 000– 22 969 43 409 45 463

12 15 11 6 9 8 6

183 059 775 792 939 142 179

12 15 11 6 9 8 6

129 023 750 790 888 112 139

13 14 10 6 11 10 8

290 353 922 072 587 032 930

16 20 15 10 11 8 7

553 780 532 187 005 535 826

21 23 21 9 18 16 7

336 807 958 295 405 190 731

21 23 22 9 18 16 7

319 772 068 319 425 260 680

20 23 22 7 17 15 6

888 351 401 859 455 696 877

25 25 21 7 25 21 7

238 154 258 515 325 681 423

23 29 27 15 19 17 11

840 475 138 803 677 970 751

23 25 25 10 17 17 6

533 373 393 750 702 074 410

12 15 14 6 10 8 5

456 902 516 585 774 921 342

625 509 27 494 26 60 14 11 6 129

367 200 324 123 277 297 260 121 235 992

604 491 27 477 26 56 14 10 6 115

900 708 184 241 195 944 030 884 107 467

13 11 28 11 26 2 11

737 732 010 451 396 194 125 180 10 793 10 716

6 5 37 5 33 1 31

1 932 064 1 720 256 47 459 1 659 270 44 497 268 745 28 173 18 330 12 934 834 132

509 450 46 435 43 71 25 4 9 283

395 265 355 302 600 797 829 154 246 380

356 336 49 332 47 33 24 2 9 123

375 684 568 969 599 850 108 435 793 036

315 270 50 261 47 41 23 5 16 176

879 646 036 035 754 938 441 529 918 453

233 223 58 216 53 36 40 2 14 114

692 914 903 916 850 730 165 277 462 396

201 178 43 160 37 51 33 2 16 60

768 561 215 004 063 979 720 058 295 611

3 115 6 116 4 66 7 83 3

646 261 133 009 145 790 640 317 641

3 112 6 112 4 64 7 80 3

736 116 152 118 100 280 654 834 651

6 66 6 42 6 30 10 26 5

428 080 291 043 188 414 068 882 730

3 46 6 35 5 41 8 29 5

159 718 562 729 388 910 179 497 206

5 73 8 9 4 49 11 22 5

880 430 209 022 589 624 240 058 811

5 8 5 10 5 5 7 10 5

006 663 083 663 205 657 601 901 960

5 12 5 15 5 6 8 9 8

425 994 379 692 376 839 246 746 559

INCOME TYPE IN 1989 Households With earnings Mean earnings (dollars) With wage or salary income Mean wage or salary income (dollars) With nonfarm self-employment income Mean nonfarm self-employment income (dollars) With farm self-employment income Mean farm self-employment income (dollars) With interest, dividend, or net rental income Mean interest, dividend, or net rental income (dollars) With Social Security income Mean Social Security income (dollars) With public assistance income Mean public assistance income (dollars) With retirement income Mean retirement income (dollars) With other income Mean other income (dollars)

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

456

2 2 5 2 5 1 6 1 3

650 180 461 933 516 780 814 626 122

730 760 852 431 246 159 528 57 16 180 3 809 3 735 965 5 458 958 5 269 730 8 419 857 3 654

2 020 498 1 799 815 47 021 1 737 401 44 129 277 492 27 804 19 202 12 690 856 647 5 237 6 199 6 157 9 134 5

211 518 819 127 852 114 549 430 723

5 225 6 188 6 145 9 125 5

241 072 832 658 914 166 483 633 817

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

117

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 111.

Section Five: Census Data

Income in 1989 of Households, Families, and Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Con.

Pacific Islander

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

653 617 839 171 709 609 912 626 931 239 830 748 080 638 668 917 331 472 655 081 491 827 269 067 302 588 015 840 244 894 721 620 904 664 327 649 957 119

11 495 972 914 1 173 2 216 1 813 2 091 1 564 561 191 27 511 32 323 10 279 844 784 1 108 1 990 1 581 1 876 1 470 487 139 27 228 32 204 7 676 1 507 1 445 1 234 1 649 1 286 555 1 984 328 375 372 384 399 126

12 641 713 665 947 2 496 2 328 2 497 1 974 670 351 30 786 37 154 10 314 480 510 669 1 932 1 890 2 266 1 618 631 318 33 020 39 226 8 003 663 1 424 1 597 2 023 1 437 859 1 530 272 194 260 336 324 144

8 645 723 594 911 1 858 1 542 1 467 1 094 274 182 26 263 31 888 7 423 525 409 782 1 586 1 417 1 309 1 031 217 147 27 473 32 893 5 881 1 033 1 191 1 174 1 230 911 342 931 166 162 106 286 177 34

64 513 19 445 54.9 26 438 60 332 11 628 41.0 18 930 11 447 11 576 6 138

14 879 15 318 51.8 21 390 12 740 9 620 37.2 16 170 7 690 7 101 20 342

15 477 17 839 55.3 24 772 12 925 10 542 39.5 18 018 10 834 10 804 11 692

10 955 13 825 52.8 19 933 9 342 9 872 39.6 15 876 7 882 8 005 4 344

Hawaiian

INCOME IN 1989 Households Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Families Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Married-couple families Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 or more Female householder, no husband present Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more

140 11 12 13 22 20 23 22 8 5 29 36 118 9 10 11 18 16 20 19 6 4 30 36 84 16 12 12 16 16 9 18 3 4 2 3 3 1

693 991 564 354 964 541 741 219 194 125 772 177 309 454 493 269 743 870 722 542 990 226 550 783 819 080 827 656 895 546 815 815 819 443 493 170 495 395

Males 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Females 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Per capita income (dollars) Persons in households (dollars) Persons in group quarters (dollars)

188 116 14 897 49.5 24 258 144 630 9 626 37.5 18 771 9 033 9 057 7 599

30 3 4 4 6 4 3 2 18 24 28 3 4 4 5 4 3 2 18 24 19 5 4 3 2 1 7 1 2 1 1

054 457 450 359 127 645 541 645 517 313 837 952 185 232 346 253 925 211 244 265 446 263 126 185 374 934 567 506 775 981 611 165 529 444 176 080 770 166

14 2 2 3 3 1

14 17 14 2 2 3 3 1

14 17 11 5 3 1

1

815 232 448 178 827 820 862 362 52 34 276 198 374 145 377 068 747 774 843 343 43 34 327 168 838 739 296 625 788 313 77 952 515 683 358 274 102 20

30 2 3 4 6 6 4 2 23 26 28 2 3 3 6 5 4 2 23 26 23 6 5 5 4 1 3

802 658 199 186 702 148 829 226 594 260 019 304 592 356 042 825 304 726 567 034 527 211 101 202 369 460 122 167 194 811 615 238 549 994 466 613 490 126

23 2 1 1 3 3 4 3 1 1 31 40 16

2 2 3 3 1 1 37 47 12 1 1 1 2 2 2 3

656 497 438 801 818 461 081 923 392 245 632 342 710 894 733 904 467 632 257 400 241 182 257 716 437 101 502 911 673 985 265 189 343 406 413 723 894 410

74 8 5 5 11 11 12 10 4 4 30 39 53 3 3 3 7 8 9 9 3 3 34 45 42 6 5 6 8 8 6 5 1

935 534 536 997 748 319 456 917 280 148 010 795 357 911 193 777 910 403 838 333 429 563 242 316 469 781 942 660 253 291 542 719 099 790 657 1 034 1 482 657

32 667 10 920 39.1 18 552 34 095 7 805 25.8 14 027 5 121 5 098 9 297

16 432 8 661 17.8 16 276 12 908 6 675 11.4 12 068 2 692 2 694 2 304

38 747 12 294 44.4 17 296 30 702 9 342 35.7 13 902 5 597 5 606 4 223

22 783 18 000 56.6 25 261 33 633 11 587 46.1 17 864 11 970 12 140 4 243

90 649 16 690 50.0 26 990 55 818 10 106 35.6 20 453 11 001 11 189 4 450

37 37 35 43 45 35 20 16 11

34 34 31 38 37 30 18 14 13

88 5 6 7 15 14 16 15 5 2 31 38 71 3 4 5 11 11 14 13 4 2 33 39 52 5 8 8 12 11 6 13 1 2 2 2 2 1

434 025 012 202 279 292 967 258 436 963 980 273 096 487 371 476 839 360 106 200 826 431 955 877 862 791 075 845 146 528 477 065 670 395 065 655 857 423

105 824 17 690 54.3 24 746 95 339 10 978 40.1 18 079 10 342 10 344 10 284

55 2 3 4 8 8 10 10 3 2 34 40 43 1 2 2 6 6 8 9 3 1 37 43 31 2 4 4 7 7 4 8 1 1 1 1 1

MEDIAN INCOME IN 1989 BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Family type and presence of own children: Families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Married-couple families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Female householder, no husband present (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Workers in family in 1989: No workers (dollars) 1 worker (dollars) 2 or more workers (dollars) Husband and wife worked (dollars) Nonfamily households (dollars) Male householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars) Female householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars)

30 29 29 35 34 37 11 9 6

550 369 199 586 614 890 926 257 609

18 17 16 22 22 27 8 7 6

126 245 383 830 157 477 687 709 196

14 14 14 15 15 12 7 7 5

327 245 193 412 337 086 578 824 983

23 22 20 25 24 24 10 8 6

101 533 326 188 801 782 638 929 938

6 18 42 46 19 21 18 5 15 11 5

328 080 796 156 989 701 281 546 102 678 185

9 14 34 35 10 13 11 5 7 6 5

442 977 153 895 643 020 032 138 116 375 090

11 14 27 30 7 6 6 5 7 7 7

032 662 153 528 363 913 885 360 927 437 453

10 614 15 351 32 551 33 051 14 603 15 078 12 234 20 417 13 190 9 324 5 000–

693 518 839 833 481 200 213 728 7 827 35 136

30 19 28 18 27 1 17

054 227 699 882 500 817 027 161 9 907 4 198

14 7 15 7 15

815 488 904 435 526 421 8 006 98 2 813 1 012

30 22 28 22 28 1 12

2 7 5 34 7 4 6 11 4

1 2 6 15 10 1 6 2 4

1 916 896 6 583 9 946 10 974 384 6 612 2 506 6 454

1 1 6 10 10

257 683 883 586 658 922 729 296 429

242 240 426 036 703 767 068 031 036

33 30 26 39 36 31 16 11 8

955 894 451 177 856 014 317 835 395

37 33 28 43 40 33 17 11 7

269 306 448 276 977 763 280 495 812

27 25 21 31 30 25 13 12 10

228 755 887 365 398 272 814 083 230

33 31 26 37 35 31 15 12 11

020 302 507 128 456 115 799 204 250

27 27 26 30 29 26 16 14 8

473 412 126 341 789 412 544 461 620

5 000– 24 221 45 762 49 406 15 642 16 634 14 507 5 000– 14 565 13 283 5 000–

5 000– 24 908 43 992 46 694 17 314 17 991 16 307 11 143 16 049 13 297 6 786

7 21 43 44 21 24 19 8 17 14 10

562 067 986 680 648 464 355 867 874 658 081

8 22 47 48 22 25 20 9 19 15 10

901 611 646 472 707 704 536 782 026 441 133

5 18 38 38 19 21 17 7 16 10 10

080 269 701 863 967 350 139 150 528 486 250

6 21 41 41 19 23 19 15 15 11 10

976 022 329 506 844 159 187 083 175 512 417

5 150 17 010 34 328 35 545 15 929 15 200 11 477 5 289 17 619 16 250 5 000–

23 21 42 20 39 3 28

656 577 027 795 188 206 189 145 10 494 7 607

74 66 41 64 38 9 26

88 79 37 78 36 8 16

434 559 557 131 314 747 481 872 7 575 22 515

55 49 39 48 38 6 16

653 570 813 604 497 078 015 613 8 311 16 580

11 10 32 10 32

495 204 880 125 019 712 15 757 69 1 410 1 693

12 11 35 11 35

3 112 783 5 508 808 4 874 587 6 615 1 364 8 581

4 4 6 4 5 3 7 5 7

4 12 6 10 5 11 10 8 4

4 9 6 6 5 8 10 5 4

2 1 5 2 6 1 7

3 1 5 1 5 1 10 1 4

INCOME TYPE IN 1989 Households With earnings Mean earnings (dollars) With wage or salary income Mean wage or salary income (dollars) With nonfarm self-employment income Mean nonfarm self-employment income (dollars) With farm self-employment income Mean farm self-employment income (dollars) With interest, dividend, or net rental income Mean interest, dividend, or net rental income (dollars) With Social Security income Mean Social Security income (dollars) With public assistance income Mean public assistance income (dollars) With retirement income Mean retirement income (dollars) With other income Mean other income (dollars)

118

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

140 122 37 118 36 16 18

243 001 033 416 683 301 289 523 207

916 001 201 358 248 170 333 922 400

802 926 752 713 297 296 138 203 3 536 3 896 578 718 092 894 547 855 5 436 2 834 5 250

935 450 528 386 832 511 738 542 9 239 24 407 256 788 371 087 042 425 296 400 876

114 446 567 469 734 948 352 797 383

520 281 939 513 668 566 893 847 215

132 256 684 031 016 014 428 964 5 749

641 682 875 527 263 910 13 222 79 7 320 2 897 596 284 801 214 643 942 124 399 431

8 8 32 7 29 1 22

645 103 073 875 903 047 508 111 7 522 1 345

2 718 625 4 377 711 5 682 426 7 470 587 3 699

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

457

Section Five: Census Data

Table 112.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Poverty Status in 1989 of Families and Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

463 270 313 144 348 197 64 11 31 44 305 88 75 305 192 89 245 151 207 29 34 48 121 95 42 73 32 75 12 47 20

968 377 592 727 200 646 327 812 542 476 619 762 315 156 449 027 868 004 764 148 530 378 370 511 989 683 741 312 115 625 903

449 261 302 138 336 193 63 10 30 42 296 85 73 295 185 84 237 147 201 28 33 47 117 92 41 71 32 73 11 46 20

281 082 610 535 905 380 004 602 512 966 455 809 190 600 400 928 923 688 613 301 186 199 790 611 439 558 161 214 602 253 155

10 6 7 4 7 2

278 161 64 37 1 950 1 279 113 664 231 471

246 399 930 681 915 684 052 454 655 750

267 155 62 36 1 876 1 233 109 636 220 453

530 619 674 640 359 057 591 723 267 693

125 432 27.0 51 562 104 796 58 315 63 196 12 167 23 948 2 515 15 017 11 211 62 109 54 404 18 332 5 938 51 812 39 646 23 123 29 345 7 005 23 835 5 732 16 184 9 170 5 977 61 131 55 054 29 124 26 600 3 922 32 129 4 531 34 480 7 631 5 922 113 823 40.9 53 431 21 090 16 360 3 714 603 188 30.9 342 785 33 219 254 431 102 229 168 816 747 713 1 099 251

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

ALL INCOME LEVELS IN 1989 Families In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Unrelated individuals for whom poverty status is determined Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Persons for whom poverty status is determined Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years

638 879 180 502 885 727 409 022 281 277 228 662 525 296 183 082 863 387 388 193 329 332 944 752 354 680 205 608 55 300 154

1 577 949 996 427 1 324 908 69 1 239 43 140 1 273 171 183 1 295 846 377 1 116 784 1 069 113 116 141 185 111 37 127 73 128 18 41 28

820 558 789 763 838 573 169 508 244 075 900 172 312 099 351 487 840 751 747 452 160 343 926 206 058 662 571 201 962 385 903

1 506 914 945 402 1 267 868 63 1 227 39 134 1 219 162 173 1 242 808 358 1 071 752 1 027 109 111 134 172 100 32 119 69 119 17 37 26

724 752 251 166 056 801 201 216 044 705 362 203 588 237 448 258 440 282 971 871 737 697 861 996 189 538 137 113 604 375 537

389 260 220 90 326 221 11 327 6 42 297 34 49 330 196 83 281 195 254 36 25 40 36 17 4 25 14 25 4 5 6

818 186 521 001 315 474 893 946 794 649 006 036 934 606 173 885 761 204 052 035 586 020 708 276 151 786 336 233 841 541 519

293 191 192 78 258 175 10 245 8 28 253 30 38 231 157 66 206 143 202 22 20 29 44 26 9 36 22 36 3 7 6

229 220 395 489 339 386 306 538 192 919 801 930 846 168 660 229 403 697 292 692 780 501 304 535 189 704 354 652 989 765 550

208 149 92 39 169 121 6 61 2 42 184 6 52 174 79 36 144 105 156 34 3 41 24 10 2 17 10 19 5 1 7

165 444 412 944 326 552 987 271 509 539 195 223 777 211 553 354 547 813 571 786 710 031 765 193 626 711 822 921 596 948 970

192 122 136 57 180 133 5 187 3 3 173 9 7 174 128 54 165 124 159 2 7 6 8 5 1 6 3 6

7 140 3 688 1 469 636 53 268 32 254 2 489 20 867 8 973 13 256

3 576 2 092 787 405 21 288 14 373 972 6 864 2 415 4 801

793 442 129 70 068 042 434 015 683 449

413 678 766 525 454 079 119 646 890 657

753 425 125 67 728 826 420 892 640 361

933 340 102 691 635 731 473 101 775 861

202 119 40 23 1 611 1 230 129 379 127 272

171 577 097 584 033 058 597 496 936 119

134 63 18 11 1 392 1 010 99 380 121 279

740 146 052 379 670 562 685 453 969 647

150 107 41 20 844 688 103 154 56 108

041 714 875 948 999 576 274 977 223 289

71 40 7 1 771 539 20 230 77 166

122 237 27.2 49 885 102 090 56 506 61 305 12 021 23 592 2 336 14 642 10 942 60 523 53 494 17 968 5 938 50 330 38 389 22 236 28 345 6 906 23 143 5 593 15 871 9 009 5 959 59 816 53 885 28 390 25 962 3 888 31 457 4 437 33 943 7 467 5 933 109 853 41.1 51 899 20 475 16 071 3 705

2 604 25.9 1 434 2 217 1 511 1 526 111 299 29 302 242 1 274 790 303 5 931 1 222 1 063 764 829 70 552 112 288 126 6 522 1 020 896 562 467 34 523 94 443 138 5 409 2 861 40.1 1 030 452 178 4 043

591 12.7 243 489 298 365 35 57 150 73 27 312 120 61 5 981 260 194 123 171 29 140 27 25 35 6 837 295 273 172 171 – 149 – 94 26 5 449 1 109 31.0 502 163 111 3 737

182 507 11.6 34 949 138 221 69 476 84 290 20 163 18 003 162 490 14 894 14 090 105 940 58 794 11 910 6 099 120 010 90 804 49 199 60 611 16 546 72 158 11 150 34 647 8 076 6 266 47 873 39 608 17 660 16 518 2 467 24 192 2 111 21 009 2 967 5 786 258 514 32.6 104 308 12 380 22 688 4 504

171 816 11.4 33 105 128 638 63 509 78 978 18 531 16 620 159 742 13 504 13 490 99 486 54 716 11 020 6 117 115 146 86 569 46 432 57 663 15 351 69 205 10 813 33 364 7 593 6 276 43 035 35 046 14 852 14 702 2 189 21 229 1 933 18 457 2 639 5 808 246 383 32.7 100 919 11 746 21 872 4 519

585 273 31.2 332 399 32 526 247 092 98 741 164 449 724 648 1 061 694

14 335 26.9 8 194 542 6 002 2 933 3 495 18 233 28 896

3 580 16.8 2 192 151 1 337 555 872 4 832 8 661

997 196 14.1 650 705 52 129 337 128 120 474 237 862 1 274 873 2 151 021

938 930 14.0 619 784 50 264 310 567 109 691 220 271 1 198 715 2 019 832

1 5 2 1 6 4 3 5 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

049 416 802 690 410 539 914 188 749 233 936 291 600 260 866 017 082 929 763 654 015 847 636 148 196 445 375 490 458 072 594

4 2 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2

7 5 2 1

6 4 1 1

836 997 544 349 678 283 198 916 984 510 862 493 440 768 095 807 899 504 470 963 380 177 587 303 453 206 616 336 387 1 500 768 576 856 267 577 292 917 418 828 772 222

163 80 106 41 141 88 7 156 3 8 143 11 10 137 92 38 120 77 123 7 8 7 18 11 2 14 7 13

149 693 333 289 225 753 442 541 656 413 232 543 200 178 034 246 780 485 742 211 692 801 419 152 390 046 669 016 943 2 127 1 807

65 38 6 6 778 534 33 242 84 173

044 619 900 034 322 590 455 834 338 144

INCOME IN 1989 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL Families Percent below poverty level In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Unrelated individuals Percent below poverty level Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Mean income deficit (dollars) Persons Percent below poverty level Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years Persons below 125 percent of poverty level Persons below 200 percent of poverty level

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

458

43 184 11.1 238 143 858 390 698 427 243 481 465 492 758 437 462 648 847 046 901 021 781 688 811 692 356 288 886 489 927 405 4 388 550 1 599 567 5 773 72 555 35.9 31 868 3 697 8 663 4 559

15 267 5.2 4 553 11 155 5 514 8 051 1 388 1 132 11 300 1 728 2 203 10 406 3 568 2 100 5 155 7 571 5 112 2 647 4 029 955 5 173 1 701 1 221 1 321 5 172 6 303 5 282 2 575 3 236 338 4 181 321 2 139 628 5 149 32 228 23.9 9 829 1 853 3 958 4 097

7 131 3.4 348 383 149 410 759 489 4 266 538 785 5 953 825 786 5 580 4 293 2 389 1 333 2 095 534 3 672 606 206 482 5 846 2 367 1 826 704 1 091 178 1 912 129 598 217 5 197 37 220 24.8 19 154 3 427 3 790 4 718

13 964 7.2 3 311 10 099 5 044 8 384 2 173 1 079 13 372 1 050 574 10 029 2 216 543 6 108 10 293 7 726 4 131 6 654 1 924 7 567 480 1 375 395 6 106 2 354 1 861 694 919 156 1 447 77 743 118 6 385 23 672 33.1 9 627 602 692 4 478

24 037 14.7 4 398 15 836 7 308 13 207 3 144 1 398 23 643 1 243 2 036 19 585 2 407 1 103 6 118 17 976 11 834 6 357 10 235 2 645 15 621 1 703 1 494 739 6 279 4 768 3 395 829 2 311 427 3 006 271 775 247 5 610 27 522 42.3 13 747 1 026 2 961 4 554

225 777 14.0 172 608 19 750 51 838 16 165 38 254 295 707 507 858

89 081 6.4 63 715 8 270 23 999 8 547 16 879 124 788 277 426

59 127 7.0 50 074 5 317 7 701 3 168 5 109 73 408 128 289

74 972 9.7 53 763 1 901 20 755 7 460 14 547 97 375 177 590

106 822 13.7 80 578 7 190 25 435 10 180 16 757 140 891 247 142

12 27 10 22 5 2 41 2 5 25 7 3 5 32 20 9 17 5 18 4 5 2 5 7 4 1 2

2 4 2 3

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

119

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 112.

Section Five: Census Data

Poverty Status in 1989 of Families and Persons for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Con.

Pacific Islander

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

ALL INCOME LEVELS IN 1989 Families In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Unrelated individuals for whom poverty status is determined Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Persons for whom poverty status is determined Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years

118 56 87 38 92 62 8 116 5 3 76 30 5 84 66 31 70 49 57 2 18 3 18 13 5 9 5 8

309 720 406 776 238 693 415 777 726 970 891 951 931 819 839 528 564 785 963 850 562 908 815 825 178 730 037 807 779 8 511 1 293

59 22 5 2 581 386 16 192 58 145

28 6 24 13 14 9 4 27 1 11 14 1 19 17 9 11 8 8 8 1 7 6 3 1 1 5

185 863 935 301 104 555 917 843 460 976 200 674 785 374 665 555 428 193 695 616 841 207 165 339 361 622 729 625 286 082 473

14 1 13 9 5 2 2 14 1 5 9 11 11 8 4 2 5 7 1 1

1

374 596 486 751 323 261 109 205 670 619 890 754 839 838 257 539 745 067 219 337 904 651 952 795 992 235 72 399 246 498 152

28 8 25 11 18 12 3 28 1 13 10 1 23 20 9 15 10 11 7 1 3 2 1 1

1

592 473 020 716 246 224 036 233 647 824 171 484 616 369 868 971 591 804 255 594 937 336 238 764 184 130 567 926 180 975 188

16 10 11 3 15 10 16 14 12 8 3 11 8 11

3 2 2 1 2

710 437 232 838 298 540 602 360 605 150 135 691 644 437 742 286 800 296 206 132 348 375 189 067 400 587 703 031 13 266 233

53 26 34 17 45 31 2 44 2 2 45 3 3 42 29 15 37 26 37 1 1 2 5 3 1 3 2 4

357 123 967 712 964 080 296 586 801 136 979 424 576 469 562 858 922 434 506 655 997 690 719 747 265 781 232 167 344 1 162 584

41 21 3 1 274 173 6 100 39 67

462 578 762 338 373 817 982 103 691 131

71 34 51 25 57 39 5 12 4 5 54 8 9 52 37 19 45 32 41 3 4 6 13 10 4 8 4 9 1 4 2

096 806 538 597 782 772 968 292 200 370 538 969 724 862 903 229 400 469 776 581 423 646 065 210 869 124 434 088 358 010 366

43 23 29 14 34 24 3

10 3 8 4 7 5

2 3 34 5 7 31 20 10 26 19 25 2 2 4 8 6 3 5 2 6 1 2 1

080 582 603 148 552 172 600 463 348 962 099 293 067 302 897 079 694 482 516 555 403 668 620 572 212 337 939 257 090 551 849

39 17 4 2 339 215 13 123 43 87

480 338 664 834 819 348 646 545 115 796

25 12 3 2 200 129 9 69 23 50

884 573 684 231 153 968 707 618 613 087

3 855 1 216 207 147 55 014 30 908 1 385 24 023 9 084 16 504

5 874 2 327 580 299 46 072 30 465 1 607 15 501 5 018 11 239

3 867 1 222 193 157 38 580 24 007 947 14 403 5 400 9 966

4 7 1 1 7 6 3 6 4 5 1 1 1 1 1

279 019 688 893 881 290 981 021 668 561 500 894 109 676 479 753 291 370 826 341 008 810 984 754 943 076 581 245 150 830 230

10 5 7 3 8 6 1 7 1 1 8 5 2 7 5 6

1 1 1

314 036 521 471 890 216 772 346 675 606 655 129 019 003 815 713 131 172 272 464 636 779 530 170 479 061 553 908 113 415 181

7 3 5 3 6 4 6 5 5 4 2 5 3 4

423 169 726 085 459 094 615 462 509 241 284 653 529 881 712 684 284 445 162 221 376 389 931 714 235 650 361 678 5 214 106

466 384 207 024 057 248 370 637 275 088

8 117 1 869 209 407 146 206 78 938 3 628 66 903 23 272 48 291

1 252 441 19 150 93 570 36 649 2 652 56 658 24 748 36 146

6 340 2 210 230 122 145 888 80 449 3 351 65 123 20 757 48 296

13 724 6 946 1 484 128 89 225 66 927 1 061 22 089 5 794 17 488

28 131 23.8 3 003 23 988 10 858 11 515 2 376 3 763 27 696 2 438 1 126 11 425 15 089 1 172 6 501 15 686 14 006 6 631 7 689 1 719 6 476 800 8 309 720 6 930 9 228 7 959 3 660 2 371 391 3 202 228 5 549 367 5 972 23 873 40.1 5 828 492 968 4 410

11 872 42.1 460 11 259 6 615 2 410 693 2 693 11 776 826 334 2 952 8 665 594 6 669 6 506 6 307 3 923 1 643 572 1 899 175 4 596 354 7 371 4 753 4 527 2 539 539 77 809 130 3 689 199 5 858 3 782 46.6 683 30 176 4 373

8 885 61.8 314 8 627 6 613 2 115 415 1 443 8 793 1 056 318 3 287 6 584 364 8 359 7 157 7 034 5 731 1 922 394 2 910 153 5 223 276 8 656 1 479 1 365 758 93 21 297 152 1 173 76 7 197 812 64.9 207 19 49 4 789

9 207 32.2 506 8 814 4 689 2 297 655 1 404 9 061 746 290 3 121 6 051 364 6 722 6 858 6 587 3 712 1 792 541 2 502 246 4 430 281 7 152 1 817 1 759 799 283 74 461 29 1 362 57 5 511 2 292 36.2 546 18 81 4 539

1 806 10.8 521 1 297 511 931 229 113 1 747 223 41 1 213 197 68 5 910 823 588 337 515 147 612 23 58 24 6 642 791 652 154 372 82 418 13 126 39 4 828 5 480 39.9 2 204 147 75 4 868

8 332 15.6 1 453 6 037 3 350 4 268 1 001 679 6 845 1 175 318 6 023 1 356 489 6 656 5 335 4 139 2 584 3 188 899 3 992 238 641 309 6 507 1 887 1 534 651 560 40 1 108 33 704 124 7 377 16 947 40.9 7 226 435 459 4 772

10 691 15.0 1 844 9 583 5 967 5 312 1 632 1 383 2 748 1 390 600 6 454 4 078 890 5 813 4 864 4 235 2 767 2 948 1 195 2 953 337 1 283 483 6 036 4 838 4 562 2 808 1 816 278 2 963 178 2 552 328 5 592 12 131 30.7 3 389 634 816 4 205

5 453 12.7 1 017 4 921 2 938 2 467 646 691 123 768 298 3 325 2 421 508 5 282 1 932 1 601 966 1 119 433 1 112 154 675 250 5 466 2 993 2 848 1 741 1 094 130 1 931 84 1 592 206 5 181 6 879 26.6 2 219 466 581 3 922

2 522 24.5 265 2 397 1 660 1 124 434 319 1 051 264 179 1 485 1 027 225 6 826 1 516 1 425 990 823 365 954 102 413 156 6 877 899 884 632 255 62 483 60 579 60 6 500 1 474 38.2 279 8 56 4 521

1 266 12.3 237 1 026 620 711 183 171 334 185 84 664 412 103 5 384 496 385 257 303 99 281 42 123 51 4 647 587 520 296 282 35 317 34 248 44 6 030 2 020 34.4 542 116 102 4 402

1 450 19.5 325 1 239 749 1 010 369 202 1 240 173 39 980 218 54 6 426 920 824 554 703 298 606 39 72 26 6 596 359 310 139 185 51 232 – 133 18 6 030 1 758 45.5 349 44 77 4 822

149 567 25.7 84 637 3 288 62 893 17 652 48 729 181 374 271 012

62 312 42.6 27 970 1 098 34 065 12 482 24 149 76 662 105 126

59 530 63.6 20 882 1 183 38 477 17 321 24 187 70 785 86 087

50 580 34.7 22 453 1 019 27 855 9 546 20 235 61 779 93 903

11 178 12.5 8 898 167 2 108 620 1 572 13 790 24 414

49 984 18.2 34 206 1 081 15 441 6 550 9 853 62 156 100 985

58 266 17.1 30 921 1 865 26 561 10 783 17 591 76 158 131 189

28 642 14.3 15 085 1 107 13 062 5 306 8 671 37 486 65 658

14 210 25.8 6 733 335 7 412 3 109 4 823 18 000 28 413

7 036 15.3 4 192 224 2 757 1 085 1 845 9 415 17 426

8 378 21.7 4 911 199 3 330 1 283 2 252 11 257 19 692

INCOME IN 1989 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL Families Percent below poverty level In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Unrelated individuals Percent below poverty level Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Mean income deficit (dollars) Persons Percent below poverty level Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years Persons below 125 percent of poverty level Persons below 200 percent of poverty level

120

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

459

Section Five: Census Data

Table 113.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Selected Characteristics of Persons 60 Years and Over by Age for Selected Racial Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Asian or Pacific Islander Asian

United States Total

American Indian

Eskimo

Aleut

Total

Total

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

Asian Indian

Korean

54 040 53 196 844 459 74 320 72 706 1 614 1 211 43 403 40 038 3 365 3 026

52 281 51 494 787 438 72 116 70 600 1 516 1 144 41 880 38 726 3 154 2 857

1 229 1 189 40 10 1 574 1 483 91 60 1 153 963 190 148

530 513 17 11 630 623 7 7 370 349 21 21

215 276 213 796 1 480 507 295 142 292 155 2 987 1 526 147 432 140 077 7 355 5 688

207 438 206 155 1 283 459 285 497 282 700 2 797 1 403 142 699 135 951 6 748 5 171

58 000 57 487 513 102 86 899 85 628 1 271 502 44 873 42 660 2 213 1 402

44 653 44 268 385 202 60 877 60 437 440 215 40 118 38 962 1 156 842

55 204 54 977 227 82 74 220 73 576 644 403 31 984 29 559 2 425 2 096

13 333 13 273 60 15 15 422 15 235 187 69 5 431 5 141 290 278

17 407 17 388 19 14 24 066 23 896 170 139 9 918 9 524 394 343

54 18 12 11 8 3 74 28 17 14 9 4 43 22 8 6 3 2

52 17 12 10 7 3 72 26 17 14 9 4 41 21 8 6 3 1

281 267 439 887 958 730 116 947 191 025 509 444 880 711 611 026 566 966

1 229 866 111 109 126 17 1 574 1 238 85 142 73 36 1 153 846 77 101 79 50

530 235 117 95 47 36 630 351 71 131 48 29 370 231 44 61 19 15

215 52 29 56 34 42 295 99 43 73 38 41 147 73 19 25 13 15

276 212 774 331 205 754 142 123 146 375 129 369 432 358 361 595 434 684

207 50 27 53 33 42 285 96 40 70 37 40 142 71 18 24 12 15

58 20 8 10 7 10 86 33 12 16 10 14 44 23 5 6 3 5

44 10 5 8 7 12 60 23 6 10 8 11 40 20 4 6 4 4

55 2 6 25 11 8 74 10 12 31 11 8 31 14 4 8 2 2

13 3 1 2 1 4 15 6 2 2 1 3 5 2

17 4 2 4 2 3 24 9 3 6 2 2 9 4 1 1

16 722 988 1 890 1 992 3 516 2 743 2 555 3 038 17.7 9 304 3 058 2 801 1 129 1 281 515 520 45.1

390 41 18 41 73 40 64 113 22.8 152 81 40 13 10 6 2 57.9

119 8 5 4 27 38 11 26 9.2 105 45 7 21 24 – 8 42.9

64 1 2 2 7 7 11 31

957 918 231 775 488 716 469 360 7.3 17 243 2 671 2 825 2 373 3 770 2 287 3 317 20.9

62 1 2 2 7 7 10 30

406 859 130 678 071 436 900 332 7.3 16 562 2 555 2 727 2 224 3 668 2 197 3 191 20.8

19 690 696 880 998 2 592 2 691 3 380 8 453 8.5 3 771 694 699 455 655 479 789 26.0

12 755 174 168 486 1 441 1 433 2 319 6 734 3.3 2 396 343 358 328 563 296 508 19.1

15 215 85 142 232 1 145 1 575 2 792 9 244 1.1 7 492 737 1 145 1 219 1 939 1 100 1 352 13.9

3 806 108 98 126 275 365 565 2 269 6.8 813 121 78 53 159 115 287 16.9

5 312 316 335 294 638 666 935 2 128 12.1 1 149 384 197 112 219 79 158 41.0

26 341 131 538 1 134 3 964 4 466 6 055 10 053 1.4

2 522 244 201 181 290 311 378 917 15.4

5 635 622 908 900 876 587 700 1 042 22.5

790 132 453 178 039 439 549 12.3

724 204 158 92 94 49 127 33.3

3 359 1 349 1 489 124 157 139 101 48.3

8 445 111 452 903 2 196 1 577 1 390 1 816 2.8 7 310 1 167 3 020 1 092 1 151 461 419 24.0

441 44 80 86 62 47 60 62 20.9 382 128 157 39 13 21 24 47.4

1 576 169 422 471 152 119 89 154 27.5 1 863 697 988 59 66 21 32 42.9

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Persons 60 to 64 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 65 to 74 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 75 years and over In households In group quarters Nursing homes

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 60 to 64 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 65 to 74 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 75 years and over Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher

040 368 667 091 131 783 320 536 347 298 630 509 403 788 732 188 664 031

438 685 609 804 120 220 497 076 658 784 026 953 699 346 439 564 973 377

000 861 233 759 670 477 899 442 255 397 567 238 873 666 213 167 905 922

653 805 074 362 805 607 877 583 773 773 691 057 118 007 678 282 329 822

204 817 916 497 446 528 220 403 213 814 599 191 984 030 856 163 739 196

333 439 852 052 374 616 422 002 297 345 510 268 431 220 809 852 485 1 065

407 266 527 389 453 772 066 282 591 117 401 675 918 936 401 866 794 921

INCOME AND POVERTY STATUS IN 1989 Married-couple families, householder 60 to 64 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 60 to 64 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 65 to 74 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 65 to 74 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 75 years and over Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 75 years and over living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level

17 1 1 2 3 2 2 3

231 037 913 037 616 821 630 177 17.7 9 561 3 184 2 848 1 163 1 315 521 530 45.3

21 1 3 3 5 3 2 1

183 046 160 823 632 265 329 928 17.6

20 1 3 3 5 3 2 1

566 032 081 734 471 149 239 860 17.7

464 9 58 62 119 91 70 55 19.0

153 5 21 27 42 25 20 13 8.5

80 3 5 7 12 11 14 25

457 201 545 357 494 995 461 404 9.4

77 3 5 7 12 11 13 24

755 074 383 174 003 537 963 621 9.3

26 1 2 2 4 3 3 7

232 352 562 861 025 523 988 921 12.3

12 036 354 582 1 163 1 772 1 926 2 283 3 956 5.9

18 5 7 2 2

762 199 608 364 214 778 599 39.4

18 5 7 2 2

297 135 431 245 170 744 572 39.9

288 49 142 54 23 4 16 25.3

177 15 35 65 21 30 11 10.7

31 6 9 4 5 2 2

951 586 745 494 526 653 947 25.8

30 6 9 4 5 2 2

716 333 379 228 349 549 878 25.8

9 2 3 1 1

619 339 364 130 308 643 835 30.7

3 399 727 1 174 557 532 199 210 27.1

7 735 497 2 191 1 640 1 643 797 482 485 25.3 14 183 5 148 5 985 1 417 1 063 289 281 48.6

190 7 18 34 43 42 28 18 12.6 239 58 91 73 5 8 4 30.1

40 8 6 2 18 – 3 3 35.0 196 62 102 23 3 2 4 44.4

32 1 3 5 6 4 4 5

995 326 964 737 714 688 614 952 11.0 23 059 5 380 10 591 2 577 2 444 1 006 1 061 32.9

32 1 3 5 6 4 4 5

9 803 583 1 581 2 065 1 603 988 1 246 1 737 14.9 9 121 2 308 4 375 781 812 381 464 37.6

10 656 292 1 105 1 908 2 298 1 696 1 506 1 851 9.3 2 790 618 1 439 410 234 44 45 29.6

7 965 512 2 215 1 676 1 704 839 513 506 25.0 14 618 5 268 6 178 1 513 1 071 299 289 48.2

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

460

116 288 901 653 553 549 399 773 11.1 22 247 5 212 10 323 2 455 2 296 941 1 020 33.1

11 1 2 2 3 1 1

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

121

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 113.

Section Five: Census Data

Selected Characteristics of Persons 60 Years and Over by Age for Selected Racial Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Asian or Pacific Islander Con. Asian

United States

Con.

Pacific Islander

Vietnamese

Cambodian

Hmong

Laotian

Thai

Other Asian

Total

Hawaiian

Samoan

Guamanian

Other Pacific Islander

9 606 9 582 24 7 11 237 11 161 76 75 5 348 5 202 146 140

1 809 1 803 6 – 2 779 2 775 4 – 860 849 11 11

828 828 – – 1 932 1 932 – – 726 720 6 6

1 637 1 637 – – 2 354 2 354 – – 1 009 997 12 12

784 784 – – 879 879 – – 189 182 7 7

4 177 4 128 49 37 4 832 4 827 5 – 2 243 2 155 88 34

7 838 7 641 197 48 9 645 9 455 190 123 4 733 4 126 607 517

5 432 5 336 96 18 6 668 6 581 87 65 3 398 3 118 280 228

1 074 1 037 37 13 1 109 1 048 61 45 509 313 196 171

830 766 64 17 1 199 1 163 36 7 516 411 105 92

502 502 – – 669 663 6 6 310 284 26 26

606 106 934 479 254 833 237 956 005 636 002 638 348 280 835 714 358 161

1 809 1 329 211 108 107 54 2 779 2 187 235 158 154 45 860 708 41 80 22 9

828 742 – 13 54 19 1 932 1 788 35 49 46 14 726 668 25 16 11 6

1 637 1 152 115 206 98 66 2 354 1 781 260 170 75 68 1 009 818 98 67 17 9

784 257 150 107 108 162 879 361 223 94 137 64 189 112 35 21 13 8

4 177 911 597 832 751 1 086 4 832 1 291 771 1 231 844 695 2 243 901 448 336 300 258

7 1 2 2 1

838 527 165 527 085 534 645 047 488 591 103 416 733 012 922 031 461 307

5 432 833 1 444 1 934 817 404 6 668 1 844 1 765 2 000 763 296 3 398 1 378 685 780 374 181

1 074 305 374 261 82 52 1 109 365 275 295 132 42 509 209 102 114 41 43

830 230 214 214 124 48 1 199 569 274 139 155 62 516 243 120 68 35 50

502 159 133 118 62 30 669 269 174 157 53 16 310 182 15 69 11 33

2 851 233 288 222 467 309 502 830 24.5 463 190 110 30 47 45 41 49.7

456 56 35 111 164 43 33 14 34.4 16 – 16 – – – – –

294 37 51 58 82 42 13 11 62.9 7 7 – – – – – 100.0

585 50 98 73 134 105 50 75 35.7 40 13 27 – – – – 52.5

127 – 10 – – – 60 57 7.9 35 6 – – 8 6 15 17.1

1 315 104 25 78 133 207 251 517 9.8 380 60 97 27 78 77 41 23.4

2 551 59 101 97 417 280 569 1 028 8.0 681 116 98 149 102 90 126 23.2

1 809 35 45 63 258 197 435 776 4.5 533 71 74 115 80 90 103 18.9

337 8 50 19 70 30 69 91 27.0 24 15 3 – – – 6 75.0

215 – – – 25 25 51 114 – 95 30 20 26 19 – – 40.0

190 16 6 15 64 28 14 47 16.8 29 – 1 8 3 – 17 3.4

2 236 228 279 390 418 286 257 378 28.0

548 30 51 149 165 80 27 46 28.3

294 40 40 64 69 70 6 5 47.6

548 7 110 157 163 50 29 32 39.6

127 9 14 – 30 30 25 19 18.1

1 236 57 98 175 231 208 215 252 11.4

2 702 127 162 183 491 458 498 783 9.8

1 837 46 80 115 309 307 370 610 5.2

300 40 44 14 43 68 42 49 31.7

381 24 33 9 88 63 61 103 11.0

184 17 5 45 51 20 25 21 17.4

846 356 353 28 57 30 22 49.1

84 36 48 – – – – 66.7

63 10 23 30 – – – 15.9

33 12 12 – 9 – – 36.4

73 36 14 12 11 – – 60.3

726 132 291 77 142 50 34 27.7

1 235 253 366 266 177 104 69 24.5

1 004 195 275 252 130 100 52 24.3

75 11 34 14 9 – 7 14.7

84 32 13 – 25 4 10 38.1

72 15 44 – 13 – – 20.8

614 66 139 115 108 63 42 81 28.5 300 147 129 – – – 24 62.0

68 14 6 4 21 7 12 4 29.4 25 7 18 – – – – 28.0

43 – 17 9 7 – 10 – 30.2 37 3 34 – – – – 24.3

46 – 11 24 8 – – 3 63.0 14 14 – – – – – 100.0

5 – – – – 5 – – – 14 14 – – – – – 100.0

419 9 88 68 98 47 44 65 23.2 391 109 163 74 20 13 12 36.1

879 38 63 84 161 139 215 179 8.2 812 168 268 122 148 65 41 25.6

718 31 54 61 121 134 178 139 8.1 669 133 228 106 121 52 29 24.8

41 – – 16 8 5 5 7 17.1 30 13 5 – – – 12 43.3

83 – 9 7 9 – 25 33 – 88 4 28 16 27 13 – 4.5

37 7 – – 23 – 7 – 18.9 25 18 7 – – – – 100.0

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Persons 60 to 64 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 65 to 74 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 75 years and over In households In group quarters Nursing homes

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 60 to 64 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 65 to 74 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 75 years and over Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher

9 4 1 1 1 11 5 2 1 1 5 3

9 3 2 2 1 4 2 1

INCOME AND POVERTY STATUS IN 1989 Married-couple families, householder 60 to 64 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 60 to 64 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 65 to 74 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 65 to 74 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 75 years and over Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 75 years and over living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level

122

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

461

Section Five: Census Data

Table 114.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age, Fertility, and Household and Family Composition for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

AGE All persons Under 3 years 3 and 4 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years to 44 years to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 74 years years and over Median age 40 45 50 55 60 65 75

248 10 7 18 17 10 7 18 21 22 19

709 924 339 126 151 064 589 645 286 180 939

873 579 517 901 134 413 506 387 297 737 682

17 13 11 10 10 18 12

679 977 488 484 635 218 976

734 898 063 988 762 481 794 33.0

21 900 089 1 415 149 915 203 2 174 463 1 987 956 1 144 623 837 275 2 198 627 2 310 503 2 069 776 1 636 937 1 281 949 756 627 538 671 385

13 393 949 616 1 466 1 303 746 542 1 404 1 412 1 233 958

208 530 679 494 808 766 849 641 744 260 688

2 651 170 111 266 260 138 99 252 262 239 195

815 014 003 030 660 810 687 235 669 759 262

1 053 34 23 51 49 33 24 68 95 87 74

197 735 114 288 512 289 538 492 928 723 336

4 801 260 164 390 373 225 170 473 539 509 408

869 870 407 651 976 758 201 259 162 034 651

520 30 19 46 42 24 18 48 54 57 48

151 833 739 117 683 609 707 758 313 622 544

1 323 68 41 99 101 65 50 160 181 161 122

830 962 065 584 067 068 469 983 457 743 050

57 2 1 4 4 2 1 5 6 5 5

223 159 661 234 174 573 977 845 666 954 282

268 13 7 20 19 12 10 34 39 33 25

779 750 870 089 173 251 327 955 526 303 737

131 7 4 9 10 5 4 14 18 16 12

066 074 052 655 220 858 578 899 040 113 657

202 9 5 17 17 11 7 21 23 22 17

658 171 904 974 980 513 773 451 059 908 143

723 511 392 323 282 339 185

755 583 044 415 487 208 257 23.8

166 127 100 83 63 75 38

881 713 500 243 963 252 134 25.5

64 65 74 70 69 97 68

526 008 452 069 624 878 685 38.9

326 244 189 150 122 158 93

561 932 329 508 788 674 108 28.2

36 25 20 14 11 13 5

796 974 984 025 097 389 961 27.6

87 58 39 27 20 25 12

017 277 014 986 845 553 690 27.1

4 3 2 1 1 1

650 396 261 936 620 902 933 29.5

18 11 7 4 3 4 1

932 428 470 720 454 000 794 27.0

8 5 4 3 2 2 1

126 632 347 369 668 608 170 27.5

13 9 7 5 4 4 2

041 652 360 702 145 958 924 27.1

723 236 325 235 862 012 184 25.6

FERTILITY Women 15 to 24 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

17 769 944 5 420 229 305 3 726 372 3 462 487 929

1 938 311 901 379 465 521 219 601 407 1 154

1 226 036 615 298 502 357 430 436 233 1 220

242 045 126 880 524 54 919 63 041 1 148

Women 25 to 34 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 35 to 44 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women No children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 or more children Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

21 757 561 28 942 178 1 330 16 431 453 26 088 416 1 588 19 012 425 37 260 340 1 960 3 459 251 3 196 133 6 589 685 3 605 811 1 357 031 804 514 17 154 920 36 033 647 2 100

2 076 193 3 607 708 1 738 1 577 448 3 151 021 1 998 1 457 001 3 769 710 2 587 176 433 185 369 397 944 337 560 187 143 172 552 1 298 473 3 548 525 2 733

1 214 061 2 307 002 1 900 955 596 2 076 421 2 173 814 828 2 321 011 2 848 85 443 87 659 198 290 193 922 121 867 127 647 740 255 2 225 881 3 007

258 445 1 175 333 1 190 467 2 22 25 56 47 22 17 159 406 2

850 257 720 150 455 904 698 192 450 326 475 625 014 128 130 729 669 546

61 037 13 567 222 15 251 10 959 719 86 97 1 66 91 1 66 117 1 12 13 26 11 2 1 60 114 1

665 441 124 705 728 375 913 673 759 028 518 159 216 743 249 969 907 885

409 193 145 634 356 93 619 91 174 974 516 758 1 379 649 1 384 863 2 56 58 116 85 40 26 337 801 2

46 679 17 513 375 11 319 10 519 929

122 246 55 752 456 32 317 34 418 1 065 166 280 1 119 224 1 110 278 2 12 15 30 27 14 10 92 242 2

4 990 1 156 232 1 176 858 730

24 433 12 032 492 6 688 7 361 1 101

12 451 5 406 434 3 057 3 088 1 010

18 718 6 610 353 4 713 4 392 932

454 489 315 974 569 522 315 420 149 738 812 711 333 546 175 958 165 252

33 56 1 23 45 1 22 58 2 2 3 6 5 3 2 19 51 2

217 436 699 008 344 971 742 081 554 274 133 200 718 306 111 234 672 686

18 30 1 13 24 1 12 30 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 10 26 2

371 344 652 099 017 833 139 655 525 493 746 123 928 547 302 201 664 614

23 36 1 17 31 1 16 40 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 13 36 2

417 733 569 316 710 831 368 895 498 939 207 539 878 227 578 953 810 638

617 008 467 997 417 709 562 834 246 636 717 870 408 405 526 520 068 373

59 99 1 45 84 1 46 116 2 5 5 12 12 5 4 41 108 2

988 333 656 320 101 856 651 561 499 205 961 675 729 956 125 780 319 593

898 071 678 348 971 885 951 614 511 709 101 647 014 894 586 093 163 630

6 8 1 4 7 1 5 11 2

4 801 869 4 694 853 1 077 021 764 508 312 513 302 884 154 710 148 174 795 393 1 642 659 506 642 370 254 107 016 3.27 3.61

520 511 126 62 64 20 9 10 66 200 63 33 8

151 714 991 523 468 725 847 878 579 275 941 203 437 3.67 3.85

1 323 830 1 305 950 284 787 204 567 80 220 51 744 29 585 22 159 208 548 409 680 196 988 154 203 17 880 3.92 3.97

57 56 13 9 3 3 1 1 11 18 4 3 1

223 112 279 316 963 792 995 797 781 408 860 992 111 3.15 3.52

268 265 56 43 13 9 5 3 40 79 39 39 3

779 208 978 668 310 419 948 471 387 890 517 017 571 4.12 4.04

131 128 27 17 10 5 3 2 22 41 15 15 2

066 970 445 397 048 981 216 765 290 756 710 788 096 3.64 3.79

202 200 42 31 11 6 3 3 33 69 32 16 2

658 354 608 533 075 589 476 113 104 102 198 753 304 4.07 4.19

126 87 48 63 44 25 52 37 19

991 974 238 556 754 359 333 548 564

284 196 111 180 135 80 64 40 17

787 082 208 231 204 533 344 947 667

13 8 4 9 6 3 3 1

279 475 221 279 330 365 104 798 667

56 40 23 36 28 16 10 7 3

978 148 196 976 548 950 846 199 198

27 18 10 16 11 6 8 5 2

445 423 750 240 409 897 080 406 795

42 28 14 28 21 11 8 5 1

608 773 303 534 035 004 851 207 890

28 21 9 3 14 375

047 998 487 438 506 746 61.5

940 672 371 103 456 14 801 70.8

5 437 4 112 2 119 794 2 616 73 133 64.1

2 271 1 898 615 242 1 290 36 859 58.1

5 272 4 095 1 782 605 2 706 62 542 63.7

1 1 4 11 2

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Female Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

248 242 65 51 13 26 11 15 51 77 11 9 6

709 050 049 091 957 944 534 409 549 059 647 800 659

873 161 428 846 582 154 397 757 544 019 867 149 712 2.63 3.16

21 21 4 3 1 1

900 415 776 500 275 095 590 505 436 539 212 354 484

089 135 075 984 091 965 050 915 174 818 753 350 954 3.52 3.84

13 13 2 2

Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years

65 31 14 51 24 11 10 5 2

049 364 646 718 224 806 381 865 300

428 670 378 214 117 198 654 147 192

4 3 1 3 2 1 1

776 081 655 339 201 228 029 682 313

075 169 314 694 368 508 646 929 076

2 1 1 2 1

Subfamilies With own children under 18 years Married-couple subfamilies With own children under 18 years Mother-child subfamilies Persons under 18 years Percent living with two parents

2 572 170 2 193 137 611 488 232 455 1 586 814 63 606 544 71.8

422 347 127 53 228 7 637

3 187 772 3 042 642 81 343 63 787

319 309 5 4

3 8 2 1

393 129 776 147 628 525 304 221 2 067 5 554 1 403 801 263

208 449 147 605 542 979 059 920 768 628 021 906 759 3.81 4.08

2 651 815 2 562 403 627 527 354 082 273 445 170 282 85 274 85 008 349 905 1 068 498 205 983 140 208 89 412 3.14 3.51

1 053 197 1 028 430 295 380 234 789 60 591 96 820 46 007 50 813 223 108 274 033 97 107 41 982 24 767 2.79 3.21

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN 776 884 050 027 427 821 505 338 158

147 075 976 520 380 966 042 612 016

627 410 203 353 217 111 229 167 79

527 584 456 483 774 308 639 705 589

295 123 56 230 97 47 48 20 6

380 727 906 617 838 499 072 183 865

1 077 662 343 728 458 247 246 156 68

021 783 976 074 376 735 893 429 606

272 753 763 244 045 394 63.9

275 229 84 39 146 5 083

048 737 785 474 563 277 67.5

45 41 7 3 29 946

895 252 705 062 875 517 45.1

19 12 9 2 8 191

882 274 820 212 225 938 70.0

81 64 25 8 43 1 415

447 490 453 496 382 662 62.5

10 729 8 938 2 551 760 6 574 163 981 44.1

670 138 704 828

173 167 3 2

333 919 070 344

56 220 54 797 701 722

12 857 11 948 476 433

77 74 1 1

260 474 457 329

8 805 8 581 79 145

26 502 25 704 377 421

796 764 15 17

5 200 5 089 57 54

2 716 2 637 16 63

3 165 3 030 42 93

UNMARRIED-PARTNER HOUSEHOLDS Total Male and female Both male Both female

SELECTED LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Households With one or more subfamilies With related members 15 years and over other than spouse, children, parents, or parents-in-law of householder With roomer, boarder, or foster child 15 years and over

91 993 582 2 416 716

5 872 040 382 501

3 302 126 245 456

797 809 43 275

392 200 20 580

1 379 905 73 190

147 716 10 508

336 531 25 743

17 071 872

66 397 4 836

33 426 2 102

49 197 4 747

4 488 360 905 979

833 952 113 447

514 811 64 469

76 152 11 308

39 647 4 959

203 342 32 711

28 749 5 323

85 642 12 111

1 947 274

17 490 2 811

6 892 1 071

12 807 1 420

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

462

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

123

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 114.

Section Five: Census Data

Age, Fertility, and Household and Family Composition for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Con.

Con. South American

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

AGE All persons Under 3 years 3 and 4 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Median age

92 3 2 5 6 3 3 9 10 9 8

013 606 660 952 086 769 667 029 028 054 298

565 32 18 41 42 28 21 74 83 73 52

081 801 684 171 922 757 920 153 052 765 321

7 010 401 234 509 512 347 227 651 1 086 646 612

1 035 45 28 67 68 43 32 92 121 119 97

602 378 136 218 698 877 685 779 025 654 274

100 2 2 5 5 4 3 8 9 10 9

921 744 082 109 675 292 399 439 714 155 022

68 3 2 4 4 3 1 5 6 7 6

799 118 035 662 286 154 931 487 466 063 009

378 17 10 25 25 15 10 32 46 45 35

726 364 952 389 928 868 823 728 420 173 408

191 7 4 12 12 7 6 19 23 20 16

198 967 876 717 573 959 476 248 199 422 907

175 8 4 10 12 7 5 15 19 21 18

035 451 897 669 014 471 734 938 572 252 470

47 2 1 4 3 1 1 4 7 6 4

997 293 505 198 295 780 686 571 522 961 484

72 3 1 4 4 3 2 6 8 8 6

926 441 789 474 927 353 636 368 132 628 974

1 922 115 75 177 161 92 68 170 182 170 140

286 697 467 732 528 204 340 739 367 015 783

226 9 6 15 15 8 6 16 18 20 18

809 509 424 952 163 919 752 446 975 110 302

784 430 314 438 178 790 231 760 794 961 745

7 6 4 3 2 3 1

900 254 203 113 677 971 746 30.7

33 21 13 9 6 7 4

791 560 047 000 156 955 026 26.3

577 355 326 146 125 159 97 27.9

84 70 52 40 28 29 13

256 271 902 778 222 254 195 30.8

8 7 6 6 4 4 1

635 852 795 349 644 278 737 34.4

6 6 3 3 2 1 1

310 053 816 163 178 981 087 32.3

30 25 19 14 9 9 4

233 421 183 256 362 935 283 30.4

15 12 9 7 4 5 2

353 886 804 648 863 629 671 30.1

14 10 7 5 4 4 2

448 780 909 891 538 743 258 30.7

3 099 2 007 1 525 959 886 813 413 28.1

6 5 3 2 1 1

178 272 870 512 751 875 746 30.8

118 90 76 67 62 90 61

492 410 429 719 624 478 262 27.7

16 13 10 9 10 17 12

398 028 731 857 096 547 591

011 662 738 753 900 469 610 33.8

8 617 2 262 263 1 733 1 444 833 11 273 14 657 1 300 8 678 13 158 1 516 9 588 19 392 2 023 1 685 1 665 3 231 1 752 723 532 8 392 18 293 2 180

52 431 28 085 536 14 811 17 083 1 153 73 435 132 133 1 799 51 757 102 108 1 973 44 162 116 428 2 636 4 533 5 449 11 670 11 267 6 443 4 800 34 813 96 061 2 759

606 201 332 139 192 381 731 279 750 516 065 064 637 743 736 47 89 173 138 102 88 542 498 764

81 414 17 084 210 16 668 12 501 750 117 283 132 516 1 130 88 914 121 928 1 371 94 588 179 498 1 898 17 134 17 517 32 203 18 191 6 592 2 951 85 209 173 871 2 041

14 450 2 543 176 2 784 1 806 649 20 199 21 133 1 046 15 128 19 627 1 297 15 820 28 410 1 796 3 372 3 109 4 894 2 957 1 053 435 13 814 27 466 1 988

3 911 673 172 872 564 647 6 914 6 714 971 5 356 6 427 1 200 4 050 7 462 1 842 826 799 1 242 741 325 117 3 710 7 314 1 971

92 88 21 12 8 8 3 4 19 27 7 4 3

013 600 622 759 863 666 681 985 096 014 302 900 413 2.85 3.39

565 559 121 88 32 16 11 5 80 171 96 73 5

081 767 115 870 245 831 015 816 850 128 651 192 314 4.19 4.05

7 6 1 1

010 939 740 024 716 466 254 212 1 040 2 382 750 561 71 3.55 3.80

1 035 602 1 015 476 251 987 193 260 58 727 68 463 37 556 30 907 202 739 314 935 102 016 75 336 20 126 3.21 3.54

622 125 011 027 250 253 270 284 489 406 298 193 85 1 039 22 073 61.8

121 85 52 75 58 37 25 16 7 12 9 4 1 6 164

115 899 073 170 874 630 684 717 496 567 789 348 570 338 335 59.4

1 740 1 239 654 1 005 758 434 509 336 132 154 134 59 39 61 2 003 58.3

1 367 1 270 47 50

13 090 12 746 200 144

168 168 – –

14 457 13 971 272 214

1 607 1 525 42 40

1 004 975 8 21

5 678 5 485 108 85

2 388 2 296 52 40

2 239 2 204 23 12

594 562 16 16

947 924 23 –

27 496 26 218 729 549

2 868 102 2 733 504 75 639 58 959

30 288 1 461

137 946 11 609

2 206 116

320 450 14 758

38 717 943

22 399 783

112 227 5 761

56 384 3 326

52 735 2 814

15 036 332

22 952 799

575 208 22 181

86 121 542 2 034 215

2 829 449

43 318 5 967

359 119

45 786 7 740

2 389 443

1 992 357

17 644 3 317

10 134 1 539

9 181 1 300

1 267 249

3 179 535

43 165 7 537

3 654 408 792 532

FERTILITY Women 15 to 24 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 25 to 34 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 35 to 44 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women No children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 or more children Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

1 1 1 1 2 1 2

1 2

8 009 1 060 132 1 385 841 607 9 201 9 231 1 003 7 292 9 009 1 235 8 430 15 713 1 864 1 559 1 393 3 145 1 635 502 196 7 867 15 579 1 980

4 992 725 145 808 544 673 6 554 7 510 1 146 5 141 7 235 1 407 6 271 11 843 1 889 940 1 127 2 570 1 139 352 143 5 915 11 730 1 983

28 895 7 075 245 6 229 4 880 783 45 998 50 137 1 090 34 183 45 213 1 323 36 861 66 563 1 806 7 196 7 405 12 411 6 643 2 219 987 32 778 64 007 1 953

15 158 3 994 263 3 473 3 035 874 20 497 28 020 1 367 15 547 25 381 1 633 16 611 36 854 2 219 2 168 2 548 5 519 3 737 1 737 902 15 051 35 389 2 351

5 999 1 014 169 1 117 831 744 7 920 9 771 1 234 6 267 9 036 1 442 6 545 12 653 1 933 1 073 1 136 2 422 1 339 404 171 6 074 12 386 2 039

158 854 55 285 348 33 315 33 736 1 013 172 448 246 088 1 427 126 415 218 417 1 728 132 372 289 161 2 184 21 588 20 138 41 345 27 474 12 963 8 864 118 438 276 715 2 336

15 831 633 4 518 850 285 3 205 153 2 861 080 893 19 681 368 25 334 470 1 287 14 854 005 22 937 395 1 544 17 555 424 33 490 630 1 908 3 282 818 3 010 764 6 191 741 3 268 251 1 169 888 631 962 15 856 447 32 485 122 2 049

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Female Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters Persons per household Persons per family

100 98 28 23 4 10 5 4 23 26 4 5 2

921 778 463 842 621 254 613 641 228 680 843 310 143 2.80 3.25

68 67 17 13 3 5 2 2 14 21 4 4 1

799 781 167 996 171 232 767 465 694 564 786 338 018 3.03 3.41

378 369 88 65 23 23 12 11 71 116 38 30 9

463 495 940 810 305 205 084 590 503 719 378 424 83 246 19 902 81.5

17 10 4 13 8 3 2 1

726 021 617 163 454 610 528 082 527 544 332 391 705 3.23 3.51

191 188 47 34 12 9 5 4 35 61 23 12 2

167 146 423 589 336 872 230 253 302 726 435 415 124 285 17 255 79.9

88 54 27 60 39 21 19 10 3 5 4 2

198 897 058 856 202 326 098 228 596 022 068 827 301 3.55 3.78

175 172 41 32 9 10 6 4 32 52 21 12 2

617 316 188 828 953 421 004 675 775 997 518 171 692 3 076 95 501 68.7

47 29 14 32 22 11 9 5 2 3 2 1

035 427 918 651 267 817 294 523 925 644 142 981 608 3.32 3.64

47 46 10 8 2 4 2 1 9 14 3 3 1

058 350 549 957 033 392 742 805 320 585 554 443 412 1 597 46 092 69.0

41 25 13 30 20 10 6 3 1 2 1 1

997 871 634 135 499 402 484 918 615 950 454 816 126 2.81 3.32

72 71 18 14 3 4 2 2 15 21 6 5 1

918 704 061 418 250 798 989 745 335 979 890 520 431 1 103 43 502 73.6

10 6 3 8 5 3 1 1

634 682 883 201 348 397 763 046 349 533 403 266 136 234 13 071 72.6

18 11 5 14 9 4 2 1

926 701 130 617 513 822 772 050 154 531 391 673 225 2.80 3.20

1 922 286 1 861 713 413 256 304 158 109 098 161 952 77 722 84 230 317 527 717 769 143 697 107 512 60 573 2.82 3.33

226 220 60 47 12 25 10 14 48 68 9 8 6

809 635 273 590 682 848 944 903 113 519 435 445 174

784 026 353 862 491 189 347 842 370 201 114 799 758 2.57 3.10

273 283 991 378 022 577 352 182 987 149 845 483 179 1 358 55 969

353 501 064 520 749 690 008 218 116 898 384 725 211 769 150 72.9

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Subfamilies With own children under 18 years Married-couple subfamilies With own children under 18 years Mother-child subfamilies Persons under 18 years Percent living with two parents

21 13 6 13 8 4 7 4 1 1 1

251 153 75 183 118 61 45 25 9 15 10 6 1 6 253

987 108 504 855 447 742 334 684 046 444 686 715 957 912 307 71.9

28 15 6 23 13 6 3 1

130 415 460 052 222 657 522 570 462 905 508 476 79 371 17 984 73.8

413 225 109 300 159 80 84 52 22 27 22 6 2 15 622

256 619 026 432 971 101 882 250 329 227 868 700 341 390 628 64.1

60 28 12 48 22 10 9 5 1 2 1

UNMARRIED-PARTNER HOUSEHOLDS Total Male and female Both male Both female

SELECTED LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Households With one or more subfamilies With related members 15 years and over other than spouse, children, parents, or parents-in-law of householder With roomer, boarder, or foster child 15 years and over

124

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

463

Section Five: Census Data

Table 115.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Education, Ability to Speak English, and Disability for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

368 531 237 884 987 953 515 368 906 567 533 501 949 455 457 452 23.0 94 772 23.1

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND TYPE OF SCHOOL Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school Preprimary school Public school Elementary or high school Public school College Public college Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school 3 and 4 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 years and over Persons 18 to 24 years Percent enrolled in college Persons 16 to 19 years Percent not enrolled, not high school graduate

64 4 2 42 38 17 13 64 2 32 9 4 6 5 4 26

987 503 679 566 379 917 805 987 118 655 294 974 267 064 612 234

101 285 029 788 689 028 534 101 735 517 846 321 157 093 432 893 34.4 14 315 448 11.2

7 147 352 255 5 301 4 917 1 493 1 217 7 147 193 3 827 1 004 460 583 618 459 3 035

066 080 870 622 208 364 421 066 611 362 007 462 237 870 517 902 22.9 1 600 482 21.7

4 500 220 171 3 491 3 304 788 687 4 500 117 2 544 647 279 327 341 242 1 947

307 224 088 515 973 568 953 307 646 325 686 779 323 124 424 490 19.5 1 040 760 24.0

871 45 33 653 594 171 124 871 26 487 121 54 62 64 53 351

101 933 587 989 756 179 027 101 461 588 782 295 876 494 605 922 22.8 190 684 20.9

232 13 5 134 106 84 62 232 7 93 30 17 28 29 24 93

790 777 504 134 258 879 265 790 562 724 574 768 399 917 846 030 40.5 46 695 11.5

1 542 72 45 1 021 911 448 343 1 542 41 701 203 108 164 183 138 643

868 146 691 984 221 738 176 868 942 725 965 620 639 335 642 460 30.5 322 343 16.0

165 6 4 118 103 40 29 165 4 80 22 12 16 16 13 67

269 304 857 496 943 469 749 269 104 960 220 119 074 792 000 465 27.5 35 312 16.6

436 15 10 301 278 118 96 436 9 182 56 29 49 64 43 211

19 262 1 022 511 11 056 9 395 7 184 5 616 19 262 553 7 889 2 380 1 375 2 585 2 647 1 833 7 822 42.3 3 659 11.3

84 2 2 60 55 21 16 84 1 35 10 5 9 13 8 45

359 991 092 314 758 054 978 359 949 063 542 493 660 067 585 282 19.7 18 439 26.3

42 1 1 28 26 12 9 42 1 17 5 2 4 6 4 19

810 726 112 457 083 627 657 810 138 920 280 866 965 403 238 477 26.3 8 633 18.3

74 2 1 50 47 20 17 74 1 33 10 5 8 9 6 29

355 466 619 908 051 981 077 355 427 376 412 283 197 076 584 224 28.3 15 590 16.0

26 8 9 1 158 4 12 22 47 29 5 4 20 11 83 2 6 12 26 15 2 2 10 4 158

234 126 941 991 868 271 230 841 642 779 233 558 832 477 654 161 546 360 850 520 920 538 015 739 868

3 035 822 720 85 11 226 1 509 1 936 2 188 2 419 1 602 273 268 658 369 5 657 760 989 1 085 1 275 794 140 140 316 154 11 226

1 947 512 404 35 6 362 1 074 1 248 1 227 1 302 844 140 125 269 128 3 095 515 611 590 667 406 68 61 122 52 6 362

351 109 90 12 1 353 122 182 326 331 198 31 32 85 42 717 69 98 165 174 104 18 18 46 21 1 353

922 137 123 309 376 200 484 305 922 803 140 622 237 663 571 278 877 406 966 389 342 700 172 441 376 9.0 53.4 28.9 9.5 243 578 65.4 10.6 258 850 67.9 12.2

93 25 37 7 768 62 138 132 147 112 20 28 71 55 396 34 74 66 80 55 10 16 34 24 768

643 176 188 29 2 742 250 367 502 637 446 81 81 231 143 1 447 141 205 263 352 227 43 43 113 56 2 742

460 019 453 891 747 515 285 057 883 600 764 913 724 006 764 456 102 451 412 966 783 949 111 534 747 9.1 59.2 35.9 13.7 531 579 64.5 14.7 516 617 66.9 14.3

67 18 17 2 288 41 61 63 54 33 5 6 13 8 160 24 36 33 30 17 3 3 7 3 288

211 47 43 5 736 112 141 146 136 94 19 19 42 23 393 63 77 74 76 49 10 10 20 9 736

7 822 2 274 3 043 602 34 600 1 745 3 692 5 877 7 512 7 443 1 277 1 449 3 590 2 015 19 492 1 047 2 371 3 536 4 429 4 175 646 764 1 784 740 34 600 5.0 67.3 45.6 16.2 6 166 76.0 19.9 6 454 81.8 17.5

45 9 8 1 150 25 37 30 25 16 3 3 5 3 75 13 19 14 12 7 1 1 2 1 150

230 31 6 21 2 1 13 2 9

445 844 322 707 118 695 982 388 793 992 808

777 979 934 874 454 717 502 243 186 887 186

19 15 3 10

2 370 798 1 920 231 472 843 1 347 195 66 870 33 323 794 283 169 387 553 717 46 890 24 289

995 890 106 626 92 64 484 25 320 79 58

348 183 316 799 421 647 106 420 853 425 408

4 376 592 3 351 312 674 383 2 485 759 120 682 70 488 1 833 017 267 192 1 445 980 73 261 46 584

469 442 105 319 12 5 281 47 218 10 4

579 719 599 138 473 509 491 464 770 582 675

1 213 803 1 115 116 233 759 847 204 22 759 11 394 730 075 109 827 594 414 16 868 8 966

53 44 7 34 1

403 809 861 492 621 835 19 941 2 042 16 438 897 564

247 233 47 180 3 1 161 21 134 3 1

159 138 314 508 671 645 117 787 833 126 371

119 106 21 81 2 1 65 9 54 1

940 526 331 954 228 013 906 380 155 594 777

187 173 42 122 4 2 111 22 83 3 2

583 008 824 943 575 666 569 118 511 670 270

2 223 7 1 4

936 812 741 763 968 556 453

596 984 259 173 023 681 382

1 19 4 1 3

181 2 282 410 113 254 28 14

704 394 624 255 878 181 310

139 970 277 23 161 54 39

823 647 794 025 347 086 336

377 908 4 270 857 1 117 215 240 771 813 120 38 643 24 681

64 461 182 44 129 6 2

125 259 577 589 086 068 834

143 1 196 482 101 368 8 4

033 153 092 338 274 205 275

3 52 9 1 7

677 292 358 546 101 435 276

31 243 108 20 85 1

655 625 448 914 421 438 675

12 117 41 8 32

831 865 695 393 042 825 435

20 185 73 20 50 1 1

109 312 465 167 476 766 056

1 612 150 77 14 110 188 46 125 1 423 999 74 19 15 11 35 16 14 9

700 637 759 728 543 938 849 387 762 241 139 753 032 549 940 179 043 906

700 47 22 5 36 49 14 31 651 528 97 17 11 11 66 25 20 15

511 681 348 996 718 457 801 018 054 013 328 525 687 394 195 140 739 716

3 215 222 81 33 184 189 75 97 3 026 2 322 156 27 17 17 88 31 25 19

346 34 13 4 28 23 6 15 322 224 13 3 2 1 5 2 1 1

644 113 074 767 225 866 305 326 778 452 376 057 195 942 871 153 836 454

943 64 19 10 56 35 16 15 908 708 25 4 2 2 12 4 3 2

366 718 890 905 345 287 740 441 079 262 424 340 816 631 502 434 738 814

40 673 2 077 912 375 1 656 2 189 1 111 923 38 484 29 185 1 867 342 210 242 915 302 258 205

196 13 4 2 12 6 3 2 189 148 4

288 961 101 470 475 952 425 899 336 247 000 644 396 385 1 794 473 378 308

93 6 2 1 5 3 1 1 89 66 2

423 639 136 035 783 847 634 854 576 637 601 458 306 269 1 145 325 255 196

138 9 2 1 8 5 2 2 133 104 4

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 18 to 24 years High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Females 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Persons 25 years and over Percent less than 5th grade Percent high school graduate or higher Percent some college or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher Males 25 to 34 years Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher Females 25 to 34 years Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher

893 562 932 840 436 677 534 507 763 777 002 923 567 686 171 459 831 377 606 115 672 505 766 840 436 2.7 75.2 45.2 20.3 21 709 473 82.7 22.9 21 757 561 85.5 22.6

902 447 485 591 793 367 545 309 632 472 770 939 197 562 519 704 986 425 286 048 882 303 611 274 793 13.4 49.8 28.3 9.2 2 304 086 55.4 9.4 2 076 193 60.4 10.2

490 290 839 525 441 408 634 051 671 971 651 795 373 887 462 663 245 457 065 684 185 595 341 227 441 16.9 44.2 23.7 6.3 1 431 943 48.9 6.5 1 214 061 54.3 7.0

030 001 070 866 229 244 142 896 156 098 215 609 863 006 722 307 762 111 843 009 572 059 987 072 229 8.1 56.6 37.5 16.5 96 986 77.2 21.3 86 665 84.1 23.9

465 282 112 579 705 116 470 073 784 452 551 679 894 686 988 896 610 528 431 319 086 804 444 870 705 14.2 42.6 23.6 7.8 51 947 58.4 10.8 59 988 58.7 10.5

452 443 463 745 632 350 097 254 643 600 604 279 977 828 179 173 633 818 441 353 940 450 751 620 632 15.3 45.7 27.2 9.1 176 302 46.3 8.6 166 898 49.2 8.3

282 535 118 111 364 229 012 413 071 197 559 206 893 784 904 699 156 610 825 727 923 788 638 538 364 16.8 38.4 21.7 6.4 39 612 40.5 6.6 33 217 42.1 6.1

19 477 4 865 4 938 576 74 730 9 237 14 055 13 766 15 667 10 354 2 536 2 250 4 761 2 104 43 482 5 759 7 837 7 632 9 732 6 031 1 609 1 395 2 414 1 073 74 730 12.4 50.4 29.4 9.2 15 782 51.4 10.5 18 371 56.8 9.3

29 224 7 777 7 302 930 110 892 10 165 13 691 19 894 23 668 18 979 3 613 3 693 10 307 6 882 61 078 6 314 8 683 11 108 14 339 9 735 2 023 1 942 4 618 2 316 110 892 9.2 60.5 39.2 15.5 22 550 67.2 16.3 23 417 68.6 13.5

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH Persons 5 years and over Speak a language other than English 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Do not speak English " very well" 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

569 216 596 708 579 331 7 716 1 450 5 645 378 242

737 298 267 585 816 630 795 237 348 432 778

11 9 2 6

826 054 342 248 299 163 4 605 988 3 324 178 113

999 572 725 832 843 172 389 238 798 856 497

512 091 548 150 041 216 141

726 096 677 203 240 067 167

813 291 11 567 198 2 743 044 773 152 1 811 895 95 157 62 840

13 640 893 360 111 718 936 325 532 12 704 9 555 663 126 88 79 363 139 118 86

197 909 648 859 170 168 266 740 029 037 866 882 823 661 920 329 219 208

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH IN HOUSEHOLD Linguistically isolated households Persons 5 years and over in households In linguistically isolated households 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

DISABILITY STATUS OF CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS Persons 16 to 64 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation In labor force With a self-care limitation With a work disability In labor force Prevented from working No work disability In labor force Persons 65 to 74 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Persons 75 years and over With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation

157 323 922 7 214 762 3 452 631 790 024 5 383 939 12 826 449 5 043 990 6 594 029 144 497 473 114 652 861 17 933 552 2 392 089 1 631 650 1 509 219 11 629 959 3 551 352 2 980 270 2 014 865

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

464

8 111 473 179 58 386 508 188 278 7 602 5 704 335 62 44 38 172 66 57 40

181 290 444 120 876 387 378 607 794 812 483 133 150 792 837 449 490 988

805 301 097 015 033 386 238 728 419 971 916 471 954 926 948 561 947 598

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

757 353 831 370 105 727 515 759 030 119 950 867 541 588 2 885 1 119 1 034 715

125

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 115.

Section Five: Census Data

Education, Ability to Speak English, and Disability for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Con.

Con. South American

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

776 362 849 896 832 518 426 776 984 511 240 436 924 440 241 464 43.3 61 801 8.3

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND TYPE OF SCHOOL Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school Preprimary school Public school Elementary or high school Public school College Public college Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school 3 and 4 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 years and over Persons 18 to 24 years Percent enrolled in college Persons 16 to 19 years Percent not enrolled, not high school graduate

30 250 1 344 692 15 960 13 846 12 946 9 231 30 250 940 11 084 3 487 2 741 4 291 3 854 3 853 12 696 45.4 6 222 7.8

183 5 4 133 125 43 37 183 3 76 24 11 20 29 18 96

010 882 140 648 474 480 396 010 829 249 096 592 040 035 169 073 17.8 41 772 28.6

2 322 100 71 1 541 1 380 681 560 2 322 70 986 336 151 211 373 195 878 30.1 457 17.5

330 15 7 184 152 130 93 330 8 126 41 24 41 49 38 125

29 044 1 347 503 15 068 12 454 12 629 8 893 29 044 819 10 285 4 057 2 664 4 148 3 940 3 131 11 838 50.7 6 202 5.9

21 995 1 461 671 12 050 10 093 8 484 6 477 21 995 811 8 507 3 073 1 484 2 635 2 673 2 812 7 418 47.4 4 021 6.4

120 5 3 69 58 45 31 120 3 47 14 8 13 18 14 43

594 768 099 665 084 161 785 594 335 237 823 018 965 942 274 551 39.5 21 141 9.6

58 2 1 35 27 21 15 58 1 23 7 4 7 7 5 25

779 346 437 061 730 372 282 779 446 411 447 715 974 912 874 724 39.1 11 829 9.1

58 2 1 30 25 25 18 58 1 21 7 4 7 9 7 21

395 468 261 801 678 126 663 395 563 073 026 240 679 039 775 672 46.8 10 931 7.0

18 256 1 059 421 8 904 7 489 8 293 5 504 18 256 520 7 097 1 648 1 342 2 359 3 642 1 648 6 257 51.6 2 843 7.1

23 713 913 457 13 347 11 304 9 453 6 822 23 713 490 8 901 3 166 1 973 3 164 3 292 2 727 9 004 45.9 4 834 8.5

610 34 22 416 375 158 123 610 18 311 83 42 56 52 43 239

455 949 748 708 459 798 486 455 948 687 972 564 692 648 944 079 31.3 130 458 14.4

57 4 2 37 33 16 12 57 1 28 8 4 5 4 4 23

840 151 423 265 462 423 588 840 925 828 290 513 683 445 152 198

035 205 159 166 481 664 113 035 124 155 839 859 920 223 915 991 35.9 12 714 966 9.9

12 696 3 657 5 586 995 57 244 788 3 417 6 809 15 093 14 208 2 304 2 881 7 517 4 227 35 277 607 2 526 4 404 9 447 8 534 1 462 1 822 4 346 2 129 57 244 1.4 80.8 54.4 20.5 7 809 89.9 23.2 11 273 88.7 22.6

96 19 14 1 304 64 68 68 48 26 6 5 10 4 155 35 36 33 25 12 3 2 4 1 304

878 275 207 44 4 129 449 736 819 925 621 81 117 250 131 2 150 218 396 429 477 302 40 38 172 78 4 129 10.9 51.5 29.1 9.2 1 001 52.6 3.8 731 60.1 7.3

125 37 48 9 656 30 55 106 165 121 24 25 74 54 342 18 32 57 91 60 13 13 36 20 656

464 288 829 628 831 874 190 032 509 265 282 279 400 000 464 555 206 073 232 000 011 959 355 073 831 4.7 70.8 45.6 19.5 123 396 79.8 22.8 117 283 81.1 21.6

11 3 5 1 69 1 5 9 15 13 2 2 9 10 33 1 3 4 7 6 1 1 4 3 69

838 446 077 593 181 991 742 241 261 135 037 017 103 654 945 170 336 584 943 172 041 104 688 907 181 2.9 75.5 53.4 28.6 10 668 87.5 36.2 9 201 88.0 35.7

7 418 2 309 3 200 577 44 126 1 127 2 379 6 206 10 738 9 044 2 055 1 684 5 690 5 203 22 861 706 1 560 3 240 5 887 4 598 1 056 940 2 975 1 899 44 126 2.6 78.0 53.7 24.7 6 975 84.4 28.6 6 554 86.1 26.9

43 12 15 3 239 14 21 43 64 40 9 9 23 14 130 9 12 24 35 20 5 5 11 5 239

25 7 9 1 119 7 15 23 29 21 3 3 9 5 61 4 7 12 16 10 1 2 4 1 119

21 7 9 1 109 3 5 14 30 23 4 4 14 9 55 2 3 7 16 10 2 2 6 3 109

6 257 1 470 3 091 712 28 669 661 1 139 2 272 4 958 5 729 1 285 1 855 6 677 4 093 14 909 392 771 1 333 2 970 2 912 686 986 3 125 1 734 28 669 2.3 85.8 68.5 37.6 7 569 90.7 42.1 6 914 89.9 39.1

9 004 2 587 3 519 711 45 938 1 493 4 005 6 963 10 394 8 988 1 834 1 958 5 533 4 770 23 235 892 2 143 3 739 5 767 4 397 901 916 2 671 1 809 45 938 3.3 72.9 50.2 22.4 8 840 80.4 22.2 7 920 81.9 23.8

239 73 79 11 1 060 66 109 186 280 197 32 30 100 56 551 34 58 98 154 101 16 15 48 22 1 060

23 7 9 1 147 2 10 20 45 28 4 4 20 11 77 1 5 11 25 14 2 2 9 4 147

198 304 221 906 641 762 293 653 223 177 959 289 174 108 996 400 556 274 575 726 779 398 699 585 641

85 63 8 50 3 1 20 3 15 1

747 820 747 510 131 432 659 158 860 057 584

513 488 104 372 7 3 348 50 287 6 3

596 718 617 936 411 754 291 897 560 470 364

6 5 1 3

375 097 065 861 122 49 2 592 445 2 057 54 36

962 862 147 676 26 12 469 44 393 21 10

088 589 402 231 778 178 391 593 563 157 078

96 83 12 65 3 1 34 2 28 2 1

095 370 173 747 881 569 967 776 310 704 177

63 54 8 42 1

646 214 758 692 804 960 396 343 881 444 728

350 317 54 249 8 4 185 16 158 7 3

410 046 698 337 979 032 673 619 264 302 488

178 164 29 127 5 2 94 8 79 4 2

355 947 104 934 412 497 577 736 094 514 233

161 146 24 114 4 2 81 8 67 3 1

687 026 997 552 338 139 741 595 984 401 761

44 36 7 28

199 742 265 492 634 351 15 179 2 759 11 843 368 209

67 60 10 47 1

696 244 407 477 730 630 858 765 187 424 482

1 731 930 187 643 58 41 352 65 239 24 22

122 888 623 186 672 407 060 308 233 654 865

210 16 2 10 1 1 6

3 82 7 1 5

714 362 954 670 504 555 225

70 508 239 48 186 3 1

464 393 515 284 477 157 597

583 6 304 1 657 364 1 253 29 11

104 942 268 45 206 10 5

242 028 522 636 940 807 139

9 93 19 2 14 1

121 952 154 853 080 517 704

5 62 13 2 10

883 654 541 068 506 685 282

42 340 109 18 85 3 1

030 740 082 199 066 943 874

19 176 53 9 41 2 1

560 054 935 167 285 321 162

17 159 46 7 36 1

614 084 673 952 513 438 770

3 43 8 2 5

6 66 17 2 13

974 471 468 950 611 691 216

66 1 671 184 49 108 13 12

508 417 024 208 820 563 433

1 423 870 204 721 888 3 192 582 612 970 1 926 783 340 614 312 215

63 853 3 072 899 386 2 599 3 189 1 519 1 290 60 664 46 610 3 945 659 476 379 1 726 706 582 467

405 29 8 5 25 13 6 5 392 309 7 1

433 279 883 198 426 055 402 533 378 920 902 342 859 768 3 945 1 469 1 207 890

4 939 337 128 71 301 328 134 183 4 611 3 544 159 28 28 – 92 40 24 33

757 47 16 8 39 29 13 13 727 569 29 5 3 3 12 4 3 2

383 336 522 580 388 888 603 840 495 533 123 057 154 407 892 616 753 693

77 210 3 904 1 228 625 3 290 2 856 1 245 1 362 74 354 58 435 4 230 776 399 559 1 650 665 488 408

50 091 2 777 741 358 2 500 1 816 812 835 48 275 37 862 1 976 377 218 257 1 048 437 362 233

272 16 5 3 13 11 5 5 261 205 9 1 1 1 4 1 1

426 779 953 141 916 026 037 136 400 099 892 735 208 084 171 473 200 755

140 11 4 2 9 7 2 3 133 104 5 1

772 291 239 087 231 026 850 667 746 834 616 048 708 661 2 650 901 743 651

128 8 2 1 6 4 2 1 124 98 4

53 907 3 023 1 182 587 2 466 1 730 879 687 52 177 40 729 1 875 325 211 229 735 248 216 138

1 168 76 31 8 60 100 38 53 1 068 820 88 15 9 9 57 20 16 12

412 134 611 763 075 345 590 121 067 724 993 017 789 946 683 358 620 637

143 683 725 6 320 853 3 091 983 678 165 4 665 769 11 890 281 4 718 724 6 061 289 131 793 444 105 097 824 17 269 686 2 265 207 1 542 827 1 429 558 11 266 039 3 412 023 2 862 051 1 928 657

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 18 to 24 years High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Females 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Persons 25 years and over Percent less than 5th grade Percent high school graduate or higher Percent some college or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher Males 25 to 34 years Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher Females 25 to 34 years Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher

073 060 269 487 673 737 494 676 707 798 234 683 659 685 796 529 664 099 192 849 237 701 779 746 673 21.2 33.7 17.7 5.0 83 382 36.1 4.9 73 435 35.3 4.4

551 757 556 075 674 754 011 065 088 050 076 024 831 775 686 215 847 180 800 783 012 285 908 656 674 6.2 67.1 40.4 16.1 45 595 76.5 19.2 45 998 77.9 18.5

724 642 360 407 382 215 320 872 501 075 760 925 536 178 191 025 962 577 012 193 988 009 603 822 382 6.0 61.1 36.4 12.3 23 124 71.7 14.8 20 497 75.4 15.7

672 077 026 553 861 633 594 413 569 244 235 816 030 327 637 155 587 420 853 945 327 719 385 246 861 3.3 78.5 50.7 21.3 20 625 86.0 24.3 20 199 86.3 19.4

079 006 049 939 579 175 528 698 947 283 327 676 453 492 133 832 653 032 308 294 746 736 561 971 579 6.2 65.8 39.3 14.8 179 934 73.7 16.2 172 448 77.3 16.4

991 115 447 249 643 310 989 198 131 305 232 984 370 124 652 755 845 952 320 067 790 202 155 566 643 1.9 77.2 46.5 21.2 19 405 387 86.0 24.5 19 681 368 88.1 23.9

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH Persons 5 years and over Speak a language other than English 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Do not speak English " very well" 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

26 2 21 1

30 2 26 1

876 628 726 999 538 364 265 938 4 147 614 565

040 681 667 289 638 087 707 006 838 455 408

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH IN HOUSEHOLD Linguistically isolated households Persons 5 years and over in households In linguistically isolated households 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

060 073 669 447 879 212 131

DISABILITY STATUS OF CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS Persons 16 to 64 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation In labor force With a self-care limitation With a work disability In labor force Prevented from working No work disability In labor force Persons 65 to 74 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Persons 75 years and over With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation

126

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

601 159 732 661 884 269 311 579 332 652 743 699 364 530 2 238 784 646 435

34 376 1 403 447 121 1 101 1 165 469 574 33 211 23 922 791 97 46 87 400 108 98 73

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

465

Section Five: Census Data

Table 116.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Geographic Mobility, Commuting, and Industry of Employed Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

PLACE OF BIRTH, NATIVITY, AND CITIZENSHIP All persons Native Born in State of residence Born in a different State Northeast Midwest South West Born abroad Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Born abroad of American parents Foreign born Naturalized citizen Not a citizen

248 228 153 72 16 21 24 9 3 1

709 942 684 011 772 287 366 585 246 190 191 864 767 996 770

873 557 685 141 309 172 640 020 731 533 913 285 316 998 318

21 14 10 2

445 796 540 675 864 279 585 346 854 588 795 213 73 4 821

777 970 097 635 462 165 297 471 669 749 408 886 764 060

19 8 9 6 2 1 1

274 932 298 634 1.09 069 589 445 000 78 130 755 476 574 052 37 497 179 434 237 404 466 856 488 886 808 582 406 025 22.3

8 7 5 1

1 19 7 11

900 058 178 344 446 300 795 801 535 155 79 299 841 056 785

089 439 632 536 803 286 769 678 271 977 690 604 650 296 354

13 8 7 1

569 575 107 341 766 543 223 294 135 392 401 201 16 1 667

737 524 837 105 732 112 620 091 647 298 584 757 669 950

11 5 5 4 1

023 332 780 552 1.18 971 168 603 408 8 440 310 654 31 210 2 540 14 916 20 338 59 469 457 343 111 337 162 036 24.2

5 4 3 1

1 1 7 2 5

393 933 314 429 37 210 602 579 188 6 7 174 4 459 999 3 459

208 371 939 999 105 037 945 912 433 102 390 941 837 849 988

2 651 815 2 618 963 1 085 173 340 824 241 802 32 396 41 425 25 201 1 192 966 1 128 207 48 066 16 693 32 852 12 795 20 057

1 053 298 204 79 40 8 23 7 14 3 2 8 754 379 374

999 712 943 244 699 886 813 391 233 257 932 249 260 835

2 370 798 1 075 655 1 071 424 677 203 394 221 180 933 213 288 128 345 20 315 41 973 22 655 187 251 7 861 28 607

197 481 508 785 544 370 709 162 188 772 137 279 716 864 852

4 801 869 2 207 624 1 574 012 493 928 127 352 49 483 127 690 189 403 139 684 17 896 22 097 99 691 2 594 245 663 788 1 930 457

520 153 117 21 17

151 078 692 870 328 892 551 099 516 832 679 005 073 132 941

1 323 277 207 40 11 4 13 10 30

830 731 477 079 505 350 852 372 175 437 965 773 099 401 698

57 17 11 3 1

995 486 459 324 135 54 81 34 7 28 11 3

4 1 1 1

592 832 780 581 199 275 924 219 800 830 075 561 981 438

469 205 175 111 64 34 29 23

579 481 439 333 106 254 852 272 823 031 726 425 066 168

1 213 370 546 403 142 72 70 17 5 27 19

803 218 145 215 930 215 715 954 199 984 578 622 795 296 023

100 553 185 368 1.16 218 740 86 537 1 496 116 519 9 076 1 009 4 103 1 317 4 098 74 326 9 443 13 623 27.1

522 451 366 84

2 168 343 1 563 819 1 174 345 389 474 1.16 387 979 210 840 3 383 152 404 13 961 931 6 460 4 976 12 716 122 572 23 436 52 845 26.4

192 88 58 29

182 902 914 988 1.26 77 754 24 137 632 48 225 2 564 131 2 065 86 350 19 293 2 155 3 642 30.4

2 201 43 6 146 413 186 27 73 32 227 20 29 31

390 844 995 750 333 102 545 549 638 231 838 110 642

196 988 961 116 8 033 50 505 25 293 2 256 13 530 2 826 25 212 1 602 2 824 2 144

37 30 102 36 95 410 68 157 46 85 160 64 100 31 387 84 72 115 70

415 999 273 308 014 611 253 231 001 917 062 282 669 736 205 267 068 430 390

2 1 13 2 2 8 367 99 267

223 785 142 540 262 455 912 911 103 58 54 991 438 999 439

268 52 41 6 1 1 1 1 5

53 21 22 14 8 4 4 1

403 549 746 132 614 536 078 283 425 1 359 1 011 66 108 8 934

643 431 292 139

289 778 713 065 1.22 145 101 111 521 1 088 28 156 2 970 234 1 132 1 257 5 142 36 353 9 053 14 605 28.7

656 495 17 236 866 54 128 133 409 63 178 8 964 28 659 9 414 70 231 8 814 9 428 8 246

1 27 1 046 193 852

779 783 402 113 759 019 768 567 268 20 638 610 996 159 837

131 30 20 5 2

247 75 108 85 23 12 11 2 1 3 3

159 545 925 811 114 052 062 741 293 190 838 54 150 62 485

28 21 16 4

28 432 458 77 1 529 4 540 2 008 311 571 358 2 532 147 335 317

3 2 39 11 27

066 076 722 410 230 615 797 768 944 117 279 548 990 150 840

202 38 29 5 1

119 37 51 35 16 7 9 3

940 628 874 443 431 265 166 423 549 3 745 1 449 102 158 30 178

187 48 74 51 23 12 10 2

134 87 58 29

59 37 25 11

280 202 641 561 1.21 14 781 9 406 61 4 706 316 84 208 122 635 3 898 884 1 758 28.4

95 69 48 20

137 291 4 189 114 11 697 32 037 14 867 1 587 7 013 2 373 17 170 2 041 2 382 2 256

60 560 1 205 146 5 280 11 286 5 125 907 2 129 813 6 161 951 833 650

97 402 1 459 120 7 031 18 973 9 772 1 279 4 516 1 654 9 201 1 422 1 127 1 097

4 215 34 181

1 3 3 100 24 76

2 2 3 2 164 24 139

658 363 384 929 120 611 148 050 050 83 247 720 295 653 642

RESIDENCE IN 1985 Persons 5 years and over Same house Different house in the United States Same county Different county Same State Different State Northeast Midwest South West Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Elsewhere

230 122 102 58 43 22 21 4 4 7 4

826 249 624 073 551 957 593 20 79 221 272 1 2 948

348 325 690 077 613 018 595 136 299 238 922 696 567 45 070

376 763 951 266 685 350 334 111 28 100 94 9 5 645

4 1 5 1 82

583 571 936 827 109 159 950 298 629 4 734 3 289 173 65 63 838

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK AND TRAVEL TIME TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Car, truck, or van Drove alone Carpooled Persons per car, truck, or van Public transportation Bus or trolley bus Streetcar or trolley car Subway or elevated Railroad Ferryboat Taxicab Motorcycle Bicycle Walked Other means Worked at home Mean travel time to work (minutes)

115 99 84 15 6 3 1

4 3

070 592 215 377

858 076 174 901

239 454 176 277

127 908 961 947 1.20 327 107 287 184 3 203 26 995 5 818 421 3 486 13 449 40 959 242 393 74 474 85 837 22.6

928 606 457 149

453 052 289 763 1.11 37 342 18 847 358 14 736 2 355 179 867 596 1 696 18 052 3 984 9 731 24.9

089 332 571 761 1.14 3 787 1 795 21 1 740 142 11 78 41 230 1 599 307 793 25.7

136 344 139 205 1.24 31 052 25 657 193 4 449 541 39 173 365 1 195 8 079 2 080 4 021 29.3

451 084 160 924 1.21 17 290 13 512 142 3 156 317 35 128 180 789 4 841 1 467 1 800 27.0

INDUSTRY Employed persons 16 years and over Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill and finished textile products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Durable goods Furniture, lumber, and wood products Metal industries Machinery and computer equipment Electrical equipment and components, except computer Transportation equipment Transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Food, bakery, and dairy stores Eating and drinking places Banking and credit agencies Insurance, real estate, and other finance Business and repair services Private households Other personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Hospitals Health services, except hospitals Educational services Public administration

115 681 202 3 115 372 723 423 7 214 763 20 462 078 8 053 234 1 405 723 1 809 199 1 941 923 12 408 844 1 276 578 1 965 144 2 362 588 1 2 5 3 5 19 3 5 2 5 5 3 1 26 5 4 9 5

899 532 108 097 071 485 339 463 374 609 577 628 040 636 998 204 477 633 538

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

466

173 532 003 059 026 666 390 979 916 954 462 510 186 460 247 690 994 503 077

8 981 462 47 666 1 793 769 185 240 119 1 023 112 170 142

516 071 692 765 630 761 749 243 819 869 525 959 968

5 323 398 38 450 1 104 461 139 126 63 642 78 116 90

210 813 788 363 048 122 393 111 197 926 103 781 474

925 12 1 37 185 78 12 21 16 107 8 19 14

893 090 185 760 453 269 713 993 154 184 048 331 516

531 023 7 324 724 31 892 90 796 44 268 6 098 18 590 7 830 46 528 5 536 5 737 6 336

158 155 380 179 414 1 627 276 620 157 301 526 134 342 125 1 480 309 255 515 340

382 754 003 006 909 779 636 761 527 614 785 272 906 207 410 787 852 006 940

94 104 192 109 244 991 168 404 68 138 282 62 188 71 778 147 128 304 201

273 144 343 694 822 713 495 968 825 682 635 452 469 933 273 346 023 730 357

18 13 53 20 40 140 25 39 23 47 52 4 31 14 207 56 34 62 51

180 736 832 554 264 262 195 978 823 861 333 967 490 281 895 029 254 017 843

8 6 31 12 34 85 14 18 18 29 31 2 22 7 107 22 21 32 17

514 875 555 450 809 193 693 584 878 154 755 571 278 257 037 145 507 829 350

3 1 11 2 9 39 11 12 3 7 14 3 8 2 31 7 7 7 4

341 658 263 136 669 516 200 004 396 712 089 008 717 375 414 356 286 376 078

11 8 23 6 27 125 17 59 11 21 58 37 34 7 86 21 17 20 10

124 275 757 845 497 801 211 625 073 032 349 685 158 731 114 378 152 633 814

1 1 5 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 2

537 453 647 384 090 046 648 750 693 427 991 592 176 451 547 473 001 059 784

2 1 4 1 5 23 3 11 1 3 13 10 6 1 15 3 2 3 1

376 972 263 171 786 623 294 416 418 571 534 690 276 655 577 533 913 758 690

2 2 10 1 4 2 4 3 3 9 2 2 2 1

805 885 345 707 618 462 765 053 966 344 929 937 459 625 054 157 067 272 197

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

1 1 4 1 5 21 3 7 2 3 8 2 4 1 13 2 3 2 1

518 271 565 041 239 219 901 667 723 674 109 635 667 106 204 846 288 806 637

127

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 116.

Section Five: Census Data

Geographic Mobility, Commuting, and Industry of Employed Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Con.

Con. South American

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

PLACE OF BIRTH, NATIVITY, AND CITIZENSHIP All persons Native Born in State of residence Born in a different State Northeast Midwest South West Born abroad Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Born abroad of American parents Foreign born Naturalized citizen Not a citizen

92 30 14 8 2

013 317 571 047 799 992 688 568 699 17 127 555 696 919 777

565 106 88 10 2

85 33 35 18 17 6 10 3 1 3 2

747 926 763 256 507 616 891 621 067 918 285 147 87 15 824

513 150 248 195 53 29 24 4 1 10 7

596 772 852 541 311 162 149 482 228 844 595 80 154 113 738

6 2 3 2

375 227 049 205 844 425 419 106 8 194 111 – 73 1 026

45 30 24 6

402 522 338 184 1.12 11 048 4 014 63 6 124 586 18 243 49 173 2 472 297 841 29.1

277 184 118 65

725 127 371 756 1.26 66 388 56 623 597 7 760 1 063 47 298 472 2 090 15 310 4 004 5 334 29.2

3 206 2 167 1 493 674 1.20 755 514 11 221 5 – 4 28 30 154 14 58 30.4

44 617 251 57 1 552 5 033 2 076 297 569 674 2 957 138 364 437

284 923 9 600 345 26 841 60 889 29 045 4 546 13 707 3 503 31 844 4 071 4 357 3 435

2 1 7 7 61 28 32

4 3 6 6 458 68 390

081 405 790 771 254 620 416 481 844 133 566 145 676 044 632

7 010 2 002 1 466 269 81 38 123 27 267 9 54 204 5 008 1 477 3 531

1 035 259 166 59 29 6 14 8 34

602 566 099 414 622 720 874 198 053 929 749 375 036 984 052

100 22 14 6 3

921 935 368 724 379 822 476 047 843 116 67 660 986 985 001

68 18 10 4 1

962 359 423 262 160 74 86 40 7 24 13 1

088 745 237 968 269 122 147 112 508 736 791 174 662 177 270

96 38 41 25 16 7 8 4

095 403 631 188 443 687 756 041 835 2 185 1 695 130 19 15 912

535 378 289 88

642 565 838 727 1.15 104 228 39 271 791 56 785 5 101 243 2 037 1 048 2 785 30 566 4 001 14 449 26.8

56 44 36 7

3 270 74 7 198 651 285 37 154 39 366 44 30 54

545 4 1 28 111 50 5 20 9 60 4 6 10

925 935 158 001 037 346 448 263 380 691 321 849 000

57 951 431 90 3 416 9 499 3 840 496 1 198 872 5 659 418 552 1 213

36 949 458 111 2 203 5 732 2 372 360 781 525 3 360 225 380 552

32 81 47 57 141 657 98 249 39 103 288 145 139 34 591 173 115 105 99

10 7 29 7 25 95 13 35 14 23 43 14 26 8 100 20 18 29 11

719 296 647 136 993 863 720 916 266 658 571 174 611 214 425 672 889 744 236

1 065 994 2 966 827 2 560 9 973 1 222 3 465 1 510 2 878 4 017 770 2 517 1 063 14 034 2 326 2 069 5 083 1 400

774 547 2 170 519 1 484 6 238 875 2 177 905 1 687 2 442 1 165 1 828 723 8 440 1 518 1 354 2 966 844

1 31 776 219 556

1 1 1 1 77 30 47

799 477 847 356 680 582 109 985 274 36 54 184 322 738 584

378 97 59 23 13 2 5 2 14

63 25 26 16 10 4 5 1

646 351 932 680 252 765 487 619 747 1 527 1 594 76 76 11 211

36 28 23 5

1 3 3 50 15 34

726 657 708 266 060 414 090 702 683 329 726 628 069 091 978

191 49 37 8 5

350 126 164 101 63 26 36 19 2 9 4

410 153 703 097 606 991 615 194 869 946 606 551 240 58 763

191 136 102 33

13 281 79 201

198 859 361 559 330 688 665 876 939 228 630 081 339 277 062

175 40 27 8 3 1 2 1 4

178 81 69 45 24 12 11 7

355 965 671 526 145 804 341 119 789 2 135 1 298 220 158 26 341

97 55 41 14

1 3 3 141 36 105

035 530 398 373 371 071 533 398 759 106 211 442 505 285 220

47 12 5 3 1

161 52 70 45 25 12 12 4 1 4 2

687 656 187 109 078 990 088 619 090 032 347 80 83 38 681

92 66 49 16

4 134 34 100

997 783 888 833 549 543 190 551 062 28 37 997 214 197 017

72 17 10 4 1

44 11 20 11 9 3 5 1

199 661 324 192 132 625 507 322 581 2 358 1 246 98 60 12 056

1 3 2 35 6 29

1 922 286 1 517 249 1 082 744 372 565 68 897 37 521 96 413 169 734 61 940 13 698 15 704 32 538 405 037 151 271 253 766

226 214 143 69 16 20 23 8 1

67 23 29 18 11 5 6 2

1 731 828 806 489 317 169 148 29 15 44 58 2 3 89

122 388 959 065 894 684 210 881 270 079 980 340 458 977

210 114 93 52 41 20 20 4 4 7 4

38 28 22 6

696 866 338 528 1.14 5 835 2 679 24 2 745 282 5 100 109 155 2 205 262 1 264 26.0

797 664 532 131

230 574 880 694 1.12 60 896 35 911 872 19 238 3 326 323 1 226 2 585 4 439 36 360 8 227 20 149 23.3

106 92 79 13

1 2 2 55 17 38

926 325 529 303 253 600 811 639 493 86 24 383 601 411 190

809 884 506 666 325 986 570 783 711 34 112 564 925 940 984

784 118 053 605 506 886 871 342 460 556 223 681 666 702 964

876 221 432 334 097 736 361 052 719 196 393 12 57 3 153

040 446 260 530 730 053 677 380 022 451 824 129 095 110

1 11 5 5

RESIDENCE IN 1985 Persons 5 years and over Same house Different house in the United States Same county Different county Same State Different State Northeast Midwest South West Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Elsewhere

696 556 789 176 613 260 353 198 597 2 553 1 005 19 26 14 306

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK AND TRAVEL TIME TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Car, truck, or van Drove alone Carpooled Persons per car, truck, or van Public transportation Bus or trolley bus Streetcar or trolley car Subway or elevated Railroad Ferryboat Taxicab Motorcycle Bicycle Walked Other means Worked at home Mean travel time to work (minutes)

930 457 479 978 1.11 6 634 2 476 73 3 356 511 29 189 119 254 3 205 295 1 966 25.9

537 775 147 628 1.12 4 099 1 814 48 1 838 210 57 132 101 252 1 721 303 1 286 24.9

140 632 963 669 1.16 36 433 13 191 242 20 308 1 812 49 831 301 944 10 508 1 406 4 916 26.5

125 506 086 420 1.17 32 145 9 614 240 20 416 1 262 80 533 50 379 6 434 818 1 793 30.2

569 761 881 880 1.16 16 354 8 413 119 6 898 719 6 199 265 652 5 406 766 2 365 26.0

22 17 13 3

645 568 944 624 1.13 2 728 1 084 45 1 224 305 17 53 103 149 1 087 151 859 24.7

195 240 1 688 314 8 882 42 938 19 777 2 093 7 877 3 662 23 161 1 530 2 846 3 852

98 957 567 123 4 721 26 683 12 627 874 6 691 1 861 14 056 1 013 1 519 1 949

94 445 1 111 255 4 628 17 396 8 026 1 126 2 695 1 698 9 370 794 999 1 419

22 924 200 123 1 166 3 219 1 295 128 297 403 1 924 92 218 406

39 459 480 142 2 985 5 570 2 409 371 724 359 3 161 249 335 609

801 20 4 56 118 47 10 11 11 71 6 10 11

982 712 855 588 382 285 877 097 018 097 101 009 252

1 1 5 1 4 18 2 7 3 4 7 1 3 1 14 2 2 4 2

1 1 4 1 4 17 2 7 2 3 8 3 5 1 17 3 3 4 1

326 257 1 251 542 1 254 4 088 544 1 426 578 1 220 1 579 326 783 342 5 514 1 026 770 1 916 739

573 393 2 001 662 1 494 6 919 980 2 654 1 087 1 372 3 237 1 885 2 214 586 7 926 1 547 1 607 2 298 899

12 13 37 20 31 149 26 49 17 33 44 9 31 13 169 34 28 57 44

231 770 606 191 855 431 122 686 266 515 053 415 183 416 252 861 741 677 262

5 2 1

4 3

212 516 040 476

251 600 518 082 1.09 098 421 841 592 69 690 444 822 542 842 34 957 164 518 217 066 407 387 031 543 697 245 243 989 22.2

INDUSTRY Employed persons 16 years and over Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill and finished textile products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Durable goods Furniture, lumber, and wood products Metal industries Machinery and computer equipment Electrical equipment and components, except computer Transportation equipment Transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Food, bakery, and dairy stores Eating and drinking places Banking and credit agencies Insurance, real estate, and other finance Business and repair services Private households Other personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Hospitals Health services, except hospitals Educational services Public administration

128

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

2 1 1 6 1 1 2 2 1 12 3 2 3 2

667 526 663 290 386 653 816 910 981 711 540 482 581 762 803 881 213 534 872

5 3 8 2 11 58 6 32 3 7 26 19 16 3 28 7 5 6 2

189 087 227 195 237 141 689 580 253 202 958 204 860 098 338 315 555 099 535

4 2 11 2 10 33 5 11 4 8 17 5 10 3 32 7 6 8 3

408 576 013 298 065 300 197 719 471 302 106 558 150 013 883 335 837 709 259

886 457 643 220 806 144 515 308 075 271 149 242 953 048 213 921 587 255 099

687 072 603 068 330 201 387 167 640 928 041 228 166 439 415 999 665 517 996

106 699 686 2 653 301 675 731 6 547 998 18 668 448 7 283 473 1 219 974 1 568 956 1 822 104 11 384 975 1 164 053 1 794 185 2 219 620 1 2 4 2 4 17 3 4 2 5 5 2 1 25 4 4 9 5

740 376 728 918 656 857 062 843 217 308 050 494 697 511 517 894 222 118 197

791 778 000 053 117 887 754 218 389 340 677 238 280 253 837 903 142 497 137

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

467

Section Five: Census Data

Table 117.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Labor Force Characteristics for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

191 829 271 125 182 378 65.3 1 708 928 123 473 450 115 681 202 89 428 871 7 792 248 6.3 66 646 893 3 232 910 99 803 358 56 672 949 56.8 185 700 56 487 249 52 976 623 36 418 960 3 510 626 6.2 43 130 409 1 487 110 7 342 263 2 962 432 670 528 3 562 362 9 469 385 6 419 967 768 405 1 806 836 52 743 194 44 842 502 2 450 753 4 553 238 9 957 003 6 377 542 294 523 3 279 732 4 555 259 1 269 464 3 285 795 2 675 255 7 958 809 930 288 7 028 521 6 289 799 6 973 185 2 880 619 541 322 3 530 010 9 176 002 5 946 615 605 852 2 564 310 53 809 217 37 761 559 2 079 910 13 863 239 11 163 747 4 894 548 199 774 6 068 702 5 604 849 944 717 4 660 132 4 202 287 13 076 358 632 342 12 444 016 11 840 761

15 025 902 10 139 070 67.5 117 347 10 021 723 8 981 516 7 078 492 1 040 207 10.4 4 886 832 240 572 7 410 116 4 145 686 55.9 12 143 4 133 543 3 669 186 2 605 432 464 357 11.2 3 264 430 39 187 848 933 327 922 97 373 411 580 1 197 579 854 007 117 795 189 444 4 590 167 3 705 608 322 083 505 969 543 449 346 982 29 897 166 292 182 651 55 077 127 574 107 631 253 007 31 464 221 543 205 592 751 549 245 762 70 667 433 120 1 001 048 547 862 85 076 363 779 4 414 333 2 588 841 280 510 1 539 234 622 648 237 979 21 939 362 666 228 685 34 580 194 105 179 969 391 853 20 327 371 526 359 792

8 807 842 6 017 646 68.3 59 631 5 958 015 5 323 210 4 177 397 634 805 10.7 2 790 196 128 710 4 199 653 2 323 688 55.3 6 022 2 317 666 2 046 146 1 429 586 271 520 11.7 1 875 965 21 234 557 417 225 961 64 866 259 779 783 793 582 611 76 420 104 193 2 750 099 2 255 627 199 386 269 034 289 119 176 782 17 766 94 416 99 026 26 628 72 398 61 524 128 735 14 324 114 411 106 293 483 343 156 411 46 224 279 550 620 848 333 439 53 262 232 037 2 481 975 1 425 465 158 298 895 494 316 783 109 605 11 067 196 075 115 202 15 379 99 823 93 261 181 502 8 516 172 986 167 554

1 796 295 1 085 454 60.4 28 137 1 057 317 925 893 738 909 131 424 12.4 710 841 45 379 935 918 470 521 50.3 2 671 467 850 409 485 298 722 58 365 12.5 465 397 6 606 97 749 29 046 12 787 53 503 126 823 74 498 15 481 29 860 522 601 368 983 41 023 96 574 68 119 37 860 3 117 27 094 19 845 4 325 15 520 13 888 25 240 2 347 22 893 21 771 92 935 26 808 9 490 56 305 125 412 59 998 11 410 53 104 570 183 294 585 34 686 239 481 79 087 24 191 2 127 52 761 26 570 2 719 23 851 22 630 41 731 1 836 39 895 38 958

883 416 574 136 65.0 3 513 570 623 531 023 437 563 39 600 6.9 309 280 15 869 452 536 251 522 55.6 357 251 165 232 782 179 265 18 383 7.3 201 014 3 070 24 659 10 301 2 349 11 669 34 714 24 528 2 500 6 574 236 767 195 630 12 234 27 207 66 992 50 749 2 865 13 370 25 737 11 283 14 454 11 386 42 011 7 019 34 992 32 306 22 036 9 217 1 766 11 026 33 778 23 829 1 648 8 173 225 206 155 453 11 449 58 116 72 701 35 506 2 790 34 391 30 782 6 227 24 555 22 364 68 033 3 280 64 753 63 140

3 538 349 2 461 834 69.6 26 066 2 435 768 2 201 390 1 724 623 234 378 9.6 1 076 515 50 614 1 822 009 1 099 955 60.4 3 093 1 096 862 980 773 697 859 116 089 10.6 722 054 8 277 169 108 62 614 17 371 86 629 252 249 172 370 23 394 48 817 1 080 700 885 368 69 440 113 154 119 219 81 591 6 149 31 412 38 043 12 841 25 202 20 833 57 021 7 774 49 247 45 222 153 235 53 326 13 187 86 239 221 010 130 596 18 756 70 465 1 136 969 713 338 76 077 346 143 154 077 68 677 5 955 79 439 56 131 10 255 45 876 41 714 100 587 6 695 93 892 90 140

372 775 235 389 63.1 2 107 233 282 196 988 157 134 36 294 15.6 137 386 4 777 203 648 107 662 52.9 213 107 449 89 286 66 954 18 163 16.9 95 986 413 17 640 4 743 2 206 10 448 23 770 13 640 3 356 6 078 111 743 81 630 11 571 17 587 10 045 6 501 804 2 740 2 574 737 1 837 1 565 3 355 645 2 710 2 531 17 672 5 170 1 824 10 663 24 988 12 515 2 733 9 661 132 490 64 947 12 482 54 948 15 077 5 763 872 8 436 5 409 723 4 686 4 430 8 012 420 7 592 7 427

992 387 736 840 74.2 5 041 731 799 656 495 521 271 75 304 10.3 255 547 6 054 506 073 322 914 63.8 606 322 308 284 211 205 800 38 097 11.8 183 159 777 52 881 21 606 5 484 25 394 89 980 67 527 8 480 12 545 314 857 267 464 21 552 23 239 17 743 12 890 1 299 3 546 4 950 2 159 2 791 2 372 5 903 1 030 4 873 4 487 41 891 13 142 3 599 24 992 71 003 41 133 7 075 22 555 334 701 212 369 25 479 96 645 31 088 14 542 1 361 15 185 10 370 1 971 8 399 7 692 17 020 1 637 15 383 14 797

44 104 31 179 70.7 448 30 731 28 432 21 707 2 299 7.5 12 925 201 24 100 14 383 59.7 39 14 344 13 053 8 830 1 291 9.0 9 717 59 1 806 748 105 919 3 090 2 056 240 645 13 001 11 315 592 868 1 347 1 048 64 235 373 178 195 161 387 41 346 332 1 853 747 111 979 2 755 1 687 259 789 15 208 9 279 794 5 132 2 209 1 154 97 958 746 130 616 564 1 329 86 1 243 1 167

358 818 156 186 705

7 410 116 1 727 350 891 044 1 450 539 951 201

4 199 653 1 097 914 562 818 849 856 553 753

935 209 90 200 114

452 54 35 65 47

1 822 365 202 335 234

203 49 21 40 23

506 115 67 93 68

24 4 2 4 3

15 993 967 8 874 102 4 433 879

1 772 746 869 378 461 911

1 252 793 594 535 314 887

149 687 75 117 40 398

49 457 29 401 18 199

320 809 170 325 88 427

26 297 12 621 6 922

82 092 44 473 22 979

3 466 1 793 836

16 431 8 165 3 998

7 787 3 812 1 946

12 010 7 089 3 856

5 279 645 3 169 479 1 936 665

885 737 478 875 301 344

536 817 310 500 196 285

169 117 61 773 35 532

17 213 10 793 7 657

162 590 95 809 61 870

30 737 11 571 6 820

40 315 29 431 20 347

1 057 793 539

7 517 5 356 3 603

4 513 2 961 1 934

5 422 4 002 2 909

29 673 627 19 477 241 10 782 593

3 105 443 1 744 245 965 041

2 179 356 1 187 982 645 517

277 358 154 803 89 021

84 854 55 925 36 803

563 875 345 535 193 700

45 980 25 017 14 515

148 891 93 863 52 801

7 015 3 883 2 075

30 451 17 131 8 913

13 639 7 887 4 429

27 805 19 090 11 457

9 931 854 7 343 393 5 231 410

1 395 753 893 017 607 654

798 517 544 944 369 685

289 069 131 817 85 795

31 682 23 244 17 396

276 485 193 012 134 778

51 125 23 450 14 991

70 614 57 774 42 110

2 574 2 001 1 548

12 248 9 869 6 870

8 045 6 065 4 178

11 579 9 679 7 444

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

203 758 153 637 75.4 709 152 928 137 291 109 809 15 637 10.2 50 121 967 98 435 62 053 63.0 129 61 924 54 385 38 893 7 539 12.2 36 382 111 10 455 4 412 1 075 4 883 20 408 15 958 1 917 2 308 69 428 59 498 4 914 4 754 3 066 2 379 130 549 922 421 501 428 1 044 300 744 721 7 984 2 500 673 4 795 14 547 8 220 1 487 4 758 66 968 40 716 5 067 21 154 5 108 2 487 239 2 382 1 454 200 1 254 1 119 2 374 335 2 039 1 910

98 262 69 540 70.8 551 68 989 60 560 47 632 8 429 12.2 28 722 542 55 088 33 994 61.7 52 33 942 29 346 21 224 4 596 13.5 21 094 64 4 356 1 425 579 2 315 7 570 5 156 822 1 437 28 002 22 926 2 223 2 546 2 163 1 442 188 533 500 171 329 277 583 115 468 417 4 277 1 130 408 2 718 7 329 4 023 791 2 515 36 913 22 021 3 167 11 694 3 874 1 818 152 1 904 1 109 255 854 788 1 586 177 1 409 1 336

147 933 108 499 73.3 558 107 941 97 402 76 976 10 539 9.8 39 434 783 78 197 50 166 64.2 76 50 090 44 457 32 941 5 633 11.2 28 031 62 9 033 3 834 941 4 210 10 889 8 145 913 1 677 43 928 37 680 2 644 3 324 3 786 2 791 329 666 845 416 429 342 1 255 158 1 097 1 023 6 557 2 254 485 3 787 10 562 6 542 996 2 993 49 235 32 393 3 718 13 110 6 061 2 654 315 3 092 2 025 349 1 676 1 512 3 757 384 3 373 3 304

LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 years and over In labor force Percent of persons 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Females 16 years and over In labor force Percent of females 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Males 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Males 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989

PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN IN FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES Females 16 years and over own children under 6 years labor force own children 6 to 17 years only labor force Own children under 6 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children under 6 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours

99 15 9 16 12

With In With In

803 233 095 490 367

536 890 256 160 591

009 471 191 011 942

648 833 728 142 455

073 922 899 720 683

100 856 655 996 333

98 23 12 17 12

435 074 228 493 050

55 12 6 9 6

088 943 976 269 636

78 16 10 15 11

197 017 071 886 931

living with two

living with one

living with two

living with one

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

468

918 075 779 512 915

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

129

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 117.

Section Five: Census Data

Labor Force Characteristics for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Con.

Con. South American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

72 495 51 138 70.5 2 002 49 136 44 617 34 880 4 519 9.2 21 357 969 43 286 28 203 65.2 270 27 933 25 121 18 502 2 812 10.1 15 083 109 2 939 883 347 1 594 4 303 2 343 361 1 179 18 287 14 555 826 1 709 1 956 1 362 103 491 812 372 440 381 912 51 861 742 3 283 1 072 317 1 842 4 726 2 487 451 1 699 27 450 19 078 1 868 6 375 3 834 1 974 102 1 758 1 465 395 1 070 1 002 2 528 189 2 339 2 249

420 598 319 089 75.9 739 318 350 284 923 227 688 33 427 10.5 101 509 2 579 204 286 132 464 64.8 32 132 432 116 446 84 358 15 986 12.1 71 822 367 24 024 10 200 2 404 11 342 43 411 33 653 4 214 5 224 140 372 119 992 10 198 9 873 5 355 3 819 485 1 051 1 464 588 876 762 1 686 365 1 321 1 216 17 748 5 410 1 585 10 731 30 742 17 980 3 066 9 686 137 164 87 819 10 670 38 675 9 801 4 371 456 4 974 3 522 633 2 889 2 667 5 309 442 4 867 4 723

5 237 3 758 71.8 34 3 724 3 270 2 579 454 12.2 1 479 13 2 681 1 651 61.6 8 1 643 1 403 1 052 240 14.6 1 030 5 268 104 33 131 309 216 13 75 1 839 1 498 155 165 70 49 – 21 34 13 21 21 36 – 36 36 189 29 20 140 342 194 25 115 1 763 1 063 195 505 201 84 – 117 49 9 40 40 137 24 113 108

811 411 596 160 73.5 4 277 591 883 545 925 431 879 45 958 7.8 215 251 7 736 416 800 264 351 63.4 359 263 992 239 071 169 421 24 921 9.4 152 449 1 278 32 039 11 850 2 638 16 997 48 205 33 426 3 535 9 952 268 643 232 284 12 728 21 572 31 407 25 004 1 722 4 668 6 371 3 161 3 210 2 542 7 946 1 543 6 403 5 836 29 762 11 022 2 146 16 545 44 574 27 979 3 012 13 391 276 739 177 366 17 485 81 770 37 593 19 062 1 877 16 654 11 245 2 801 8 444 7 666 16 887 1 242 15 645 15 046

83 822 61 456 73.3 393 61 063 57 951 45 674 3 112 5.1 22 366 339 41 227 25 353 61.5 87 25 266 23 702 16 122 1 564 6.2 15 874 95 3 166 1 265 190 1 668 4 193 2 833 277 988 27 525 24 819 862 1 683 5 472 4 560 175 730 1 029 522 507 383 1 210 294 916 828 3 036 1 209 235 1 572 4 246 2 744 191 1 253 24 648 16 070 910 7 659 5 521 3 138 202 2 181 1 465 347 1 118 988 2 311 220 2 091 2 012

53 634 39 711 74.0 361 39 350 36 949 28 616 2 401 6.1 13 923 158 27 348 17 212 62.9 47 17 165 15 971 11 033 1 194 7.0 10 136 56 2 011 773 172 1 045 3 010 2 103 186 624 17 911 15 783 763 1 169 2 380 1 984 68 328 413 238 175 161 561 115 446 420 2 010 833 149 1 020 2 477 1 608 153 704 17 806 11 639 735 5 405 2 961 1 582 143 1 236 788 198 590 570 1 306 125 1 181 1 150

293 543 214 553 73.1 1 441 213 112 195 240 153 794 17 872 8.4 78 990 5 613 157 060 100 921 64.3 72 100 849 90 467 64 310 10 382 10.3 56 139 860 10 891 4 150 901 5 655 16 604 11 701 1 143 3 335 94 179 79 326 4 680 9 414 10 361 8 262 645 1 454 1 912 949 963 771 2 536 506 2 030 1 859 10 250 3 852 809 5 573 16 124 10 340 1 059 4 674 107 659 68 271 7 578 31 805 13 257 6 635 784 5 838 4 047 1 102 2 945 2 702 5 723 419 5 304 5 115

150 459 109 995 73.1 888 109 107 98 957 80 704 10 150 9.3 40 464 533 74 996 46 657 62.2 46 46 611 41 345 30 805 5 266 11.3 28 339 68 6 451 2 205 667 3 456 10 821 7 607 962 1 904 49 455 42 617 2 803 3 664 5 823 4 517 344 962 1 317 559 758 642 1 596 215 1 381 1 262 5 378 1 844 337 3 197 8 427 5 186 713 2 515 49 116 30 529 3 769 14 785 6 688 3 209 375 3 104 2 078 463 1 615 1 450 3 309 186 3 123 3 038

136 730 102 968 75.3 569 102 399 94 445 74 736 7 954 7.8 33 762 579 68 938 44 828 65.0 47 44 781 40 580 28 647 4 201 9.4 24 110 84 5 617 2 047 502 2 971 7 951 5 666 587 1 530 46 910 41 629 2 218 2 806 4 864 3 767 355 742 1 145 613 532 386 1 305 234 1 071 966 5 314 1 956 421 2 932 7 987 4 991 585 2 369 45 521 30 356 2 875 12 290 5 565 2 769 239 2 557 1 811 433 1 378 1 197 2 740 156 2 584 2 444

36 083 24 914 69.0 259 24 655 22 924 17 605 1 731 7.0 11 169 257 18 477 10 797 58.4 26 10 771 9 772 6 718 999 9.3 7 680 44 1 459 530 78 845 2 387 1 450 127 717 12 674 10 573 508 1 459 672 454 10 208 160 85 75 61 254 69 185 163 1 384 446 77 861 2 184 1 131 132 913 12 924 7 648 713 4 545 1 173 458 56 659 319 70 249 223 493 40 453 443

57 140 42 563 74.5 366 42 197 39 459 30 750 2 738 6.5 14 577 257 28 754 18 583 64.6 34 18 549 17 234 11 786 1 315 7.1 10 171 71 2 444 880 128 1 357 3 239 2 066 253 854 19 989 17 537 894 1 377 1 835 1 460 125 244 395 195 200 138 484 110 374 338 2 390 882 118 1 390 3 129 1 979 179 963 19 065 12 853 905 5 281 2 428 1 271 78 1 079 737 188 549 536 1 005 96 909 844

1 361 776 893 445 65.6 14 641 878 804 801 982 614 339 76 822 8.7 468 331 32 047 695 488 405 028 58.2 1 915 403 113 368 205 255 684 34 908 8.7 290 460 5 809 66 548 24 415 7 043 33 790 90 294 57 777 8 023 20 242 385 457 303 990 23 589 50 756 60 024 37 196 2 324 20 458 24 148 6 784 17 364 14 354 39 817 4 556 35 261 32 368 63 910 23 992 5 618 34 039 80 445 48 969 5 936 24 858 393 039 258 656 20 631 112 780 70 319 29 310 1 845 39 164 29 107 4 760 24 347 21 926 58 668 3 396 55 272 52 870

176 803 369 115 043 308 65.1 1 591 581 113 451 727 106 699 686 82 350 379 6 752 041 6.0 61 760 061 2 992 338 92 393 242 52 527 263 56.9 173 557 52 353 706 49 307 437 33 813 528 3 046 269 5.8 39 865 979 1 447 923 6 493 330 2 634 510 573 155 3 150 782 8 271 806 5 565 960 650 610 1 617 392 48 153 027 41 136 894 2 128 670 4 047 269 9 413 554 6 030 560 264 626 3 113 440 4 372 608 1 214 387 3 158 221 2 567 624 7 705 802 898 824 6 806 978 6 084 207 6 221 636 2 634 857 470 655 3 096 890 8 174 954 5 398 753 520 776 2 200 531 49 394 884 35 172 718 1 799 400 12 324 005 10 541 099 4 656 569 177 835 5 706 036 5 376 164 910 137 4 466 027 4 022 318 12 684 505 612 015 12 072 490 11 480 969

43 8 5 8 7

204 50 30 36 27

286 445 581 520 119

2 681 501 318 658 499

416 80 44 80 56

41 6 3 7 4

27 4 2 5 4

157 30 16 29 21

18 4 2 2 1

28 5 3 5 4

5 016 2 981 1 542

36 932 20 364 10 664

450 269 137

65 470 34 426 17 548

4 919 2 408 1 207

5 119 2 515 1 283

24 127 12 763 6 468

10 903 5 736 3 102

12 025 6 356 3 369

3 657 1 838 820

4 720 2 810 1 299

146 950 78 805 40 978

14 221 221 8 004 724 3 971 968

2 344 1 631 1 018

19 192 14 471 10 190

270 217 154

18 775 12 861 9 005

747 468 313

826 600 404

8 093 5 601 3 895

4 014 2 340 1 547

3 141 2 322 1 670

845 623 397

1 109 907 779

72 763 41 946 25 698

4 393 908 2 690 604 1 635 321

8 633 5 807 3 499

60 631 39 545 22 089

717 520 339

116 741 72 256 40 224

11 293 6 361 3 473

8 669 5 631 3 103

41 468 25 431 13 975

20 918 13 346 7 612

20 012 12 809 7 172

5 832 3 185 1 713

8 549 5 493 3 176

252 263 154 399 86 160

26 568 184 17 732 996 9 817 552

4 874 4 096 3 066

30 786 25 621 18 701

508 443 303

40 165 31 640 23 194

2 261 1 857 1 386

2 069 1 827 1 354

16 616 13 445 9 953

8 309 5 597 3 853

6 198 5 224 3 821

2 116 1 590 1 122

2 596 2 100 1 705

114 581 80 148 54 483

8 536 101 6 450 376 4 623 756

LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 years and over In labor force Percent of persons 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Females 16 years and over In labor force Percent of females 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Males 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Males 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989

PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN IN FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES Females 16 years and over own children under 6 years labor force own children 6 to 17 years only labor force Own children under 6 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children under 6 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours With In With In

130

286 086 070 898 115

800 397 947 174 066

227 545 397 532 880

348 896 518 380 041

060 159 845 890 126

74 14 8 15 10

996 954 209 813 989

68 13 8 12 9

938 844 191 687 006

477 296 283 958 791

754 703 504 914 233

695 119 67 120 86

488 319 617 975 738

92 13 8 15 11

393 506 204 039 416

242 468 112 647 504

living with two

living with one

living with two

living with one

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

469

Section Five: Census Data

Table 118.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Additional Labor Force Characteristics and Veteran Status for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Puerto Rican

Total

Mexican

Cuban

214 822 947 291 119 277 477 273 825 210 654 687 069

3 339 694 2 705 020 1 507 531 139 805 166 465 77 407 22 759 468 209 124 853 13 606 1 029 646 513 905 72 294

2 027 520 1 649 212 873 731 86 574 109 722 47 001 16 288 268 586 69 397 8 207 505 042 264 713 37 136

353 274 159 14 18 8 1 60 15 1 229 78 15

483 503 219 333 187 617 894 793 543 773 639 675 166

230 181 113 7 7 4

14 315 448 11 073 188 4 159 951 756 835 6 136 105 3 242 260 1 636 766 1 042 647 180 695 274 277 1 605 494 640 453 274 320 681 990

1 600 482 1 107 108 337 581 97 075 670 487 493 374 146 313 84 851 18 265 32 235 347 061 151 252 52 700 141 978

1 040 695 210 61 421 345 95 57 11 19 250 114 37 97

760 537 994 978 525 223 051 043 832 948 172 335 280 856

190 130 35 12 83 59 19 9 2 5 39 10 7 21

684 883 009 242 335 801 949 889 603 144 852 956 432 329

46 37 14 2 19 8 3 2

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

231 218 538 736 721 219 994 292 043 497 344 581 652

9 279 8 202 4 892 292 317 195 46 760 225 32 3 104 2 011 172

36 32 17 2 1

3 659 2 947 1 077 157 1 697 712 298 217 1 53 414 201 58 148

18 12 3 1 7 6 1

1 21 11 2 7

772 827 682 538 527 945 085 381 738 527 860 685 807 332

Honduran

Nicaraguan

LABOR FORCE STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS Married-couple families Husband employed or in Armed Forces Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband unemployed Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband not in labor force Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Female householder, no husband present Employed or in Armed Forces Unemployed

51 39 25 1 1 11 2 10 6

718 286 799 071 364 790 127 067 383 127 381 031 593

617 107 179 063 127 107 760 383 898 807 072 414 370

728 600 361 31 31 17 3 96 29 2 246 142 17

074 198 402 835 429 682 817 447 015 819 893 103 622

63 50 27 3 4 2

695 704 894 942 773 991 614 296 363 703 5 377 2 328 810 2 219

322 242 76 19 145 79 27 15 3 6 51 23 7 20

343 984 684 913 854 359 699 623 467 440 660 633 178 574

35 26 6 2 17 8 2 1

42 10 48 28 2

556 179 177 909 687 350 782 690 976 519 333 614 318

180 159 93 10 8 5

312 728 435 801 430 584 714 284 427 820 5 870 2 194 802 2 861

94 66 19 5 41 27 6 3

8 2 52 18 4

12 5 64 44 4

976 795 752 302 816 933 275 365 114 105 846 441 850

16 240 13 733 7 579 964 871 506 83 1 636 698 30 8 080 5 135 656

28 25 15 1 1

439 292 442 009 812 147 294 734 111 404 4 853 2 736 628 1 462

8 633 6 470 1 671 607 4 181 2 163 582 233 96 206 1 581 651 284 646

15 12 4 1 6 3

2 1 10 7

534 270 686 646 280 791 103 1 984 776 117 8 851 6 196 618

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 to 19 years Enrolled in school Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not enrolled in school High school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not high school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

590 167 196 103 868 423 936 558 91 208 2 487 1 334 232 921

CLASS OF WORKER Employed persons 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Employed females 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers

115 89 8 5 3 8

681 541 244 381 940 067 505 976 693 617 002 663 708 290

202 393 755 445 900 483 226 623 002 771 677 488 708 977

8 981 516 7 398 601 577 730 299 289 252 848 421 198 31 850 3 669 186 2 930 933 306 212 170 398 103 373 143 506 14 764

5 323 210 4 410 646 331 241 179 887 146 025 236 264 19 147 2 046 146 1 624 640 174 150 104 555 58 507 76 101 8 193

925 726 93 36 41 26 2 409 313 48 20 16 8 1

893 160 698 018 135 379 503 485 800 522 156 844 965 198

531 433 36 13 9 35 1 232 191 19 7 4 8 1

023 905 525 761 275 693 864 782 747 574 527 002 798 134

2 201 390 1 827 890 116 266 69 623 56 413 122 862 8 336 980 773 800 746 63 966 38 160 24 020 49 642 4 239

196 167 12 3 2 9 1 89 75 7 2 1 2

988 969 078 792 771 363 015 286 529 039 242 316 826 334

656 579 23 10 9 31 2 284 243 13 6 4 15 1

495 318 918 780 342 061 076 211 194 737 312 269 574 125

28 432 23 407 1 747 936 523 1 719 100 13 053 10 376 1 171 520 170 753 63

137 122 3 1 1 7

134 84 5 11 10 11 11 105 87 74 6 61 35 2 5 5 6 5 42 34 28 3

529 533 825 370 110 628 062 361 097 660 296 904 419 692 996 569 241 984 973 274 714 061

779 428 217 482 388 106 158 883 175 124 616 615 603 119 730 882 320 961 185 397 940 761

10 334 670 5 647 572 765 230 934 356 921 507 1 088 172 977 833 8 419 788 6 469 552 5 095 863 655 046 4 304 180 2 169 391 294 147 402 590 418 945 519 212 499 895 3 169 835 2 336 251 1 833 090 260 702

6 139 622 3 223 303 476 442 562 624 584 538 679 291 613 424 4 998 591 3 758 471 2 907 960 421 752 2 432 824 1 168 094 169 919 224 060 250 043 310 361 310 347 1 770 796 1 265 114 979 525 155 873

1 107 649 64 89 85 108 110 909 712 590 60 485 262 26 43 42 54 55 365 275 225 27

071 301 783 363 107 472 045 241 896 879 564 691 306 968 470 887 244 816 284 833 964 800

594 385 35 49 39 45 38 496 416 350 27 261 159 15 24 19 23 18 205 167 138 12

506 665 965 406 721 727 022 888 696 067 165 189 472 678 256 898 025 860 001 644 480 533

2 493 471 1 389 303 188 040 232 963 212 141 254 682 216 342 2 015 068 1 581 489 1 246 957 145 565 1 124 476 579 519 81 582 110 804 106 117 131 582 114 872 828 754 627 660 489 121 64 496

230 125 14 20 20 26 22 193 143 114 15 106 52 6 10 10 14 11 85 59 46 7

483 698 681 641 586 516 361 485 568 467 821 281 730 803 339 360 078 971 062 749 340 757

716 380 70 71 62 74 57 591 460 342 44 316 158 29 31 28 37 30 239 180 134 18

602 427 422 416 871 304 162 286 194 949 869 720 522 493 832 881 294 698 536 457 322 369

31 18 2 3 2 3 2 24 20 16 1 14 8

646 537 035 200 547 079 248 816 342 422 464 825 028 820 665 437 492 383 469 281 639 705

65 8 18 29 8 51 6 11 33 30 10 2 4 3

049 477 243 637 691 718 129 870 717 599 381 056 929 395

428 151 077 580 620 214 613 620 981 124 654 800 373 481

4 776 533 1 492 1 914 835 3 339 219 874 2 245 1 860 1 029 283 432 313

075 688 336 539 512 694 748 426 520 282 646 838 787 021

2 776 250 879 1 125 521 2 027 117 547 1 362 1 103 505 117 224 163

147 352 383 132 280 520 337 194 989 527 042 880 041 121

627 142 201 213 70 353 33 93 226 192 229 101 85 42

527 023 754 368 382 483 576 178 729 757 639 598 576 465

295 33 82 127 51 230 22 53 154 131 48 9 20 17

380 459 809 374 738 617 054 966 597 069 072 640 592 840

1 077 107 328 448 192 728 46 180 501 432 246 54 102 89

021 854 390 665 112 074 781 088 205 929 893 720 578 595

126 26 40 39 20 63 3 18 41 33 52 20 17 14

991 104 535 626 726 556 984 463 109 429 333 992 000 341

284 15 88 118 62 180 5 43 131 111 64 8 27 28

787 649 099 720 319 231 498 563 170 626 344 522 341 481

13 279 806 4 140 5 882 2 451 9 279 281 2 347 6 651 5 692 3 104 477 1 391 1 236

27 26 3 1 1 8 8

481 330 352 900 603 232 970

055 011 156 833 440 414 114

944 901 223 127 108 344 172

900 021 132 917 366 587 673

571 548 122 68 58 215 108

144 339 578 561 140 931 689

147 138 43 25 21 54 17

292 663 891 170 426 425 452

32 30 9 6 5 10 4

485 855 950 259 491 468 386

193 183 46 27 23 63 42

979 164 713 927 309 763 146

7 6 3 2 1 2

237 672 624 162 762 335 391

20 18 8 5 4 7 1

426 535 331 304 413 438 457

1 722 1 594 668 388 325 651 135

52 40 4 3 1 2

291 768 946 810 219 130 418 385 821 101 053 516 648 246

60 52 2 1

148 77 15 15 13 15 11 123 96 69 9 60 29 6 6 5 7 5 45 34 25 3

595 386 823 295 031 617 443 850 069 771 332 824 888 008 076 562 559 731 883 335 166 378

56 2 17 23 12 36

978 897 805 557 719 976 875 872 229 599 846 688 213 945

54 46 2 1 3

560 668 542 219 860 023 248 346 855 605 744 431 574 137

97 86 3 1 1 4

67 35 5 6 6 8 6 54 41 31 4 32 16 2 3 2 4 3 24 18 13 1

669 107 127 979 272 027 157 978 083 308 456 991 235 525 541 979 187 524 753 309 739 841

105 57 9 10 8 10 9 85 67 51 6 49 24 4 4 4 5 5 37 27 21 2

992 124 536 286 848 531 667 958 238 159 320 171 658 234 792 293 758 436 246 805 008 955

27 2 9 11 4 16

445 429 413 050 553 240 767 344 129 328 080 428 571 081

42 1 11 18 10 28

608 915 992 197 504 534 880 065 589 383 851 814 689 348

3 29 24 1 1

44 39 1 2

402 462 209 571 217 556 387 457 011 866 884 373 049 274

WORK STATUS IN 1989 Persons 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks Females 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

1 1 1 1 10 8 6

WORKERS IN FAMILY IN 1989 Families No workers 1 worker 2 workers 3 or more workers Married-couple families No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers Husband and wife worked Female householder, no husband present No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers

9 26 21 10 1 4 4

4 11 9 8 1 3 3

6 21 18 8 3 4

VETERAN STATUS AND PERIOD OF SERVICE Civilian veterans 16 years and over Male May 1975 or later service only September 1980 or later service only Served 2 or more years Vietnam-era service World War II service

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

470

2 476 2 208 992 711 568 876 189

2 388 2 156 880 471 399 794 252

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

3 137 2 910 1 175 813 697 987 226

131

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 118.

Section Five: Census Data

Additional Labor Force Characteristics and Veteran Status for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Con.

Con. South American

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

855 454 128 095 834 014 801 567 515 627 334 988 150

23 810 21 214 12 530 795 546 320 51 2 050 678 44 3 084 2 287 141

13 589 12 158 7 491 493 394 284 13 1 037 383 56 2 230 1 698 126

60 53 31 3 2 1

6 202 5 282 2 046 288 2 923 920 551 294 52 172 369 134 85 145

4 021 3 509 1 351 232 1 918 512 254 142 42 62 258 113 47 85

21 17 6 1 10 3 1

Venezuelan

Other South American

30 27 16 1 1

418 099 368 584 357 804 195 1 962 763 82 6 989 5 092 443

8 201 6 979 4 322 389 229 163 8 993 283 46 1 763 1 112 94

14 052 12 547 7 860 628 423 235 54 1 082 431 35 2 522 2 000 49

300 228 143 8 11 6 1 60 15 1 84 47 5

432 347 559 095 187 099 240 898 481 176 882 920 502

48 378 520 36 581 802 24 292 416 931 486 1 197 654 712 870 104 718 10 599 064 2 258 972 113 604 9 352 008 5 517 782 520 775

11 829 9 711 3 029 687 5 977 2 118 1 037 530 158 244 1 081 490 159 432

10 931 9 081 3 014 719 5 331 1 850 1 085 612 91 302 765 377 113 270

2 843 2 405 751 120 1 534 438 236 114 26 90 202 111 9 82

4 834 4 008 1 324 174 2 510 826 415 205 46 100 411 233 26 137

130 97 32 8 56 32 13 8 1 2 18 7 2 8

458 928 917 131 589 530 719 124 689 813 811 366 841 427

12 714 966 9 966 080 3 822 370 659 760 5 465 618 2 748 886 1 490 453 957 796 162 430 242 042 1 258 433 489 201 221 620 540 012

240 047 311 107 635 234 906 467 287 356 156 149 979 540

98 86 4 1 1 4

957 144 565 805 795 315 333 345 140 589 165 842 467 142

94 80 3 2 1 5

459 857 560 100 705 054 183 234 091 912 482 303 324 122

801 618 57 41 35 46 2 368 282 29 22 14 17 1

982 680 663 078 081 559 921 205 396 848 523 431 545 462

106 82 7 5 3 7

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

LABOR FORCE STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS Married-couple families Husband employed or in Armed Forces Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband unemployed Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband not in labor force Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Female householder, no husband present Employed or in Armed Forces Unemployed

13 027 11 259 7 821 586 410 273 75 1 358 454 12 7 270 5 204 462

75 67 39 4 3 2

6 222 5 036 1 506 438 3 073 1 186 699 303 149 99 487 146 77 264

41 27 7 2 17 14 2 1

4 1 25 18 1

170 099 271 910 942 488 391 129 757 201 684 268 859

1 005 860 537 36 85 33 21 60 19 – 509 326 35

183 162 97 9 6 4

772 545 695 197 648 227 269 329 290 557 958 586 502 868

457 370 95 27 248 87 7 7 – – 80 31 26 23

61 51 17 3 30 10 5 2

1

801 501 650 443 308 300 181 834 613 280 119 388 728 954

923 857 616 125 344 105 876 446 599 906 696 111 769 365

3 270 2 857 96 124 71 122 – 1 403 1 152 66 47 71 67 –

545 461 22 13 9 35 2 239 199 13 7 4 13 1

925 923 607 973 219 879 324 071 627 342 083 004 697 318

57 45 2 2 1 5

14 5 45 30 3

4 1 19 13 1

828 945 677 219 415 389 343 468 864 244 004 222 501

32 28 16 1 1 2 1 9 5

957 512 880 987 470 819 137 975 113 120 742 577 796

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 to 19 years Enrolled in school Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not enrolled in school High school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not high school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

11 6 1 3

1 5 2

141 505 135 223 115 636 603 937 198 310 2 033 930 289 803

CLASS OF WORKER Employed persons 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Employed females 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers

44 33 4 1 3 1 25 18 3 1 1

617 299 762 995 108 406 47 121 380 022 368 597 714 40

284 257 7 3 2 13 116 102 3 1 1 6

23 18 1 1 1

951 610 853 184 183 791 330 702 247 893 043 461 847 211

36 30 1 1 3 15 12 1 1

949 026 658 318 742 095 110 971 928 000 549 320 096 78

195 168 7 4 2 12 90 77 4 2 1 4

41 35 2 1 1

40 34 1 1 2

445 693 559 402 611 840 340 580 178 954 204 699 366 179

22 18 1 1

924 546 101 057 548 1 550 122 9 772 7 756 638 484 230 618 46

39 32 1 1 3 17 14

1

49 37 4 2 1 2

699 142 667 082 688 646 473 307 762 311 832 560 565 276

686 792 025 156 052 285 376 437 069 559 279 115 202 213

WORK STATUS IN 1989 Persons 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

52 30 3 4 4 4 4 42 34 27 2

658 880 726 324 039 837 852 621 164 995 585

306 159 33 31 27 31 22 256 199 144 20

432 350 917 066 836 840 423 053 026 449 491

3 610 2 043 258 266 298 373 372 3 010 2 272 1 845 221

606 343 48 59 49 58 45 491 395 310 33

318 678 956 553 549 745 837 256 800 342 031

63 37 4 6 4 5 4 51 42 33 2

993 685 836 333 576 834 729 043 509 976 691

41 24 3 3 3 3 3 32 27 21 2

155 064 260 887 428 500 016 515 093 588 162

218 124 16 21 17 21 16 176 141 111 12

112 023 619 981 584 753 152 788 686 289 046

110 62 9 10 9 10 8 92 73 57 6

570 611 425 675 056 666 137 131 705 311 376

103 56 9 10 9 10 8 83 66 51 6

435 429 080 182 339 383 022 799 340 210 253

25 14 2 2 2 2 2 20 16 13 1

786 489 020 304 178 558 237 270 342 045 298

43 24 3 4 3 4 3 34 28 21 2

267 377 716 191 388 051 544 710 125 923 205

940 539 53 81 79 95 90 739 581 479 51

068 500 981 353 135 117 982 041 927 199 844

124 78 5 10 9 10 10 96 80 69 5

195 885 059 436 188 539 084 942 627 564 641

109 856 987 126 881 934 325 095 623 261 570

Females 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

28 15 2 2 2 2 3 22 17 14 1

938 991 109 654 488 691 005 217 426 002 565

128 62 13 12 11 15 11 97 73 53 7

372 836 677 997 985 403 474 732 385 026 831

1 599 886 120 107 137 204 145 1 236 916 742 94

270 138 20 28 25 31 24 198 152 117 15

070 708 349 492 868 911 742 089 306 822 049

26 13 1 3 2 3 2 18 14 11 1

859 938 922 113 437 097 352 753 965 623 184

18 9 1 1 1 1 1 12 10 8

143 618 353 855 640 974 703 867 316 036 864

102 52 7 11 9 12 9 75 57 44 5

506 709 383 112 801 405 096 809 935 708 899

47 24 3 4 4 5 4 36 27 21 2

264 556 811 688 592 338 279 401 656 446 920

45 22 3 4 4 5 4 32 24 19 2

144 517 532 618 606 547 324 863 857 206 665

11 208 5 678 757 1 092 1 136 1 378 1 167 7 902 6 087 4 798 610

18 9 1 2 1 2 1 13 10 8

946 692 591 014 656 172 821 494 490 005 907

431 229 24 40 41 48 47 306 235 190 23

405 559 937 141 008 299 461 067 148 637 321

57 33 2 5 5 5 5 39 31 26 2

600 250 397 594 150 722 485 803 938 881 801

435 212 972 140 937 108 066 350 146 850 059

21 1 6 9 3 13

622 704 892 740 286 027 662 579 786 044 270 929 602 739

121 5 37 49 28 75 1 18 55 46 25 3 10 11

115 711 296 577 531 170 995 095 080 932 684 062 667 955

1 740 187 561 717 275 1 005 38 261 706 648 509 124 208 177

251 13 73 114 49 183 6 45 131 113 45 6 18 20

987 811 815 736 625 855 348 875 632 850 334 369 612 353

28 1 8 13 4 23

463 427 736 775 525 810 886 627 297 386 084 401 348 335

17 167 581 5 054 8 394 3 138 13 589 344 3 305 9 940 8 728 2 230 203 1 106 921

88 4 26 39 17 60 1 15 43 37 19 2 7 8

617 572 848 868 329 828 850 384 594 292 004 295 814 895

47 3 12 19 11 32 1 7 24 19 9 2 3 4

058 743 386 717 212 957 436 491 030 913 742 151 348 243

41 1 12 19 8 30

918 794 018 137 969 418 915 300 203 491 989 723 036 230

10 634 865 3 526 5 199 1 044 8 201 496 2 313 5 392 5 020 1 763 283 855 625

18 130 829 5 247 8 646 3 408 14 052 421 3 455 10 176 9 020 2 522 313 1 105 1 104

413 52 125 175 59 300 30 72 197 174 84 18 39 26

256 290 941 583 442 432 951 187 294 024 882 837 625 420

60 7 16 27 7 48 5 10 31 28 9 1 4 3

273 943 750 723 856 378 909 996 472 738 352 772 496 082

353 463 741 041 108 520 865 194 461 842 008 962 586 460

884 369 328 340 195 573 341

4 4 2 1 1 1

581 098 220 543 191 415 307

238 200 68 38 38 142 7

20 19 8 5 4 7 1

978 742 388 298 498 081 828

1 947 1 826 583 380 268 694 221

1 645 1 562 564 377 316 472 184

7 6 3 2 1 2

331 865 374 140 860 359 584

4 4 1 1

3 372 3 202 1 199 743 614 1 174 350

890 791 359 219 200 320 112

1 319 1 214 498 359 325 432 123

145 138 26 15 12 46 38

338 215 370 163 636 909 470

26 25 3 1 1 7 8

536 428 129 772 495 887 797

155 990 024 916 074 827 441

WORKERS IN FAMILY IN 1989 Families No workers 1 worker 2 workers 3 or more workers Married-couple families No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers Husband and wife worked Female householder, no husband present No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers

2 9 9 7 3 2

6 16 14 3 1 1

7 22 19 6 3 3

VETERAN STATUS AND PERIOD OF SERVICE Civilian veterans 16 years and over Male May 1975 or later service only September 1980 or later service only Served 2 or more years Vietnam-era service World War II service

132

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

5 5 2 1 1 2

474 282 811 080 915 1 630 254

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

471

Section Five: Census Data

Table 119.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupation of Employed Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Employed persons 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers Employed females 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools

115 681 202 30 533 582 14 227 916 578 334 4 140 575 16 305 666 3 000 976 1 672 559 869 543 2 482 553 5 713 591 3 861 446 36 718 398 1 397 189 2 860 046 13 634 686 3 352 054 3 941 568 6 341 064 2 533 639 18 826 477 640 982 4 582 070 2 315 205 990 423 15 295 917 521 154 1 992 852 732 609 12 781 911 5 167 308 3 127 932 2 839 010 1 066 944 1 590 184 13 097 963 4 080 305 4 793 935 4 047 043 17 196 332 4 981 876 2 922 321 3 760 910 3 580 137 968 091 4 563 134 948 540 1 576 991 52 976 623 14 752 659 5 993 163 251 316 2 156 867 8 759 496 551 261 151 962 171 791 2 163 863 3 977 806 2 946 061

8 981 516 1 262 178 627 693 25 469 189 088 634 485 96 970 52 479 35 277 76 252 238 263 165 455 2 321 918 77 782 143 367 808 785 172 723 157 289 478 773 232 840 1 291 984 40 615 258 327 123 119 73 208 1 719 992 119 588 134 930 43 644 1 465 474 608 350 491 540 446 133 33 300 403 200 1 177 553 315 039 452 936 395 605 2 053 742 684 988 362 199 314 362 307 684 87 111 605 082 162 235 145 346 3 669 186 623 927 278 720 11 588 103 345 345 207 21 209 6 190 7 727 61 812 169 075 128 741

Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations

23 120 191 1 133 078 832 879 6 584 290 1 155 921 1 314 555 4 113 814 1 995 673 14 569 944 394 508 4 490 363 2 062 414 368 423

Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers

8 929 494 310 66 8 124 3 062 1 278 449 149 290 1 235 175 131 923 4 489 2 018 1 082 426 419 46 915 36 359

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

472

509 920 463 355 126 435 437 506 675 041 327 669 124 593 431 059 797 426 603 995 154 177 459

Mexican

Puerto Rican

5 323 617 313 14 93 303 40 22 8 34 130 95 1 256 39 73 442 90 75 276 139 700 19 135 63 37 987 54 69 23 863 395 276 383 26 350 754 188 303 249 1 323 421 242 181 177 65 413 119 94 2 046 310 140 6 50 170 8 2 2 27 93 73

210 500 569 478 557 931 982 608 994 251 463 434 799 910 666 449 768 521 160 974 774 599 212 748 383 215 955 045 934 215 711 822 859 947 088 241 924 565 881 596 146 266 501 637 619 064 263 702 146 839 519 344 518 320 753 550 253 305 315 731

925 158 74 3 24 84 11 5 4 12 30 21 295 11 16 83 18 16 49 24 183 6 40 14 14 170 3 28 9 139 42 48 12

Cuban 531 123 63 1 19 59 10 5 7 6 18 12 181 6 11 66 17 19 28 10 97 3 21 12 4 69 2 8 3 58 17 22 6

1 10 22 17

893 799 536 386 350 263 349 737 190 529 216 244 286 375 737 954 403 203 348 092 220 358 738 994 264 934 370 075 101 489 392 612 584 879 383 160 605 827 480 130 616 231 771 891 895 617 301 499 485 241 280 849 438 961 981 908 303 147 315 114

11 94 31 26 35 194 68 33 35 34 6 49 7 15 409 86 36 1 14 49 2

1 434 55 41 417 56 59 302 171 919 23 250 102 22

647 644 899 587 425 102 060 625 517 351 655 477 607

791 29 21 236 30 27 177 104 505 11 131 54 12

491 213 199 037 658 410 969 844 042 785 387 458 279

183 8 5 44 6 6 31 18 126 3 39 12 3

864 020 004 082 135 695 252 277 758 838 501 280 844

863 114 20 4 729 223 212 59 3 55 128 11 9 106 558 283 140 22 21 4 107 4 27

229 019 185 581 025 035 298 747 646 354 792 970 876 538 844 994 821 356 943 332 341 257 511

483 52 10 2 421 144 120 51 2 48 75 6 6 62 332 159 88 13 13 2 68 2 18

756 320 168 299 268 381 490 856 776 547 838 986 285 267 366 360 479 384 136 313 830 772 416

72 2 4 1 64 14 13 1

003 955 218 111 830 797 989 640 104 477 086 250 860 956 651 420 289 242 196 602 098 194 328

1 12 1 9 53 26 14 2 2 10 2

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

656 495 64 589 33 883 757 9 873 30 706 4 976 2 693 1 829 4 383 9 277 5 915 135 770 4 803 7 732 50 248 9 085 8 492 32 671 16 784 72 987 2 644 12 120 7 134 4 078 191 937 36 127 5 839 877 149 971 58 905 60 156 17 428 910 16 135 88 408 22 916 37 981 27 340 158 363 61 451 25 794 22 374 22 003 2 816 45 928 13 919 8 252 284 211 30 582 14 215 338 5 023 16 367 990 264 328 3 845 6 422 4 616

28 432 5 497 2 447 52 663 3 050 563 349 126 416 1 143 689 8 768 276 672 2 923 667 700 1 556 559 4 897 152 1 015 464 147 6 145 537 344 104 5 264 1 825 1 522 401 28 358 3 424 998 1 240 1 186 4 197 1 549 629 977 955 106 936 214 334 13 053 2 574 1 013 29 321 1 561 93 39 14 366 777 541

137 291 10 651 5 623 174 1 459 5 028 612 359 366 548 1 538 1 026 22 691 744 1 256 8 128 1 527 1 065 5 536 2 979 12 563 477 1 961 1 208 664 41 699 10 406 932 161 30 361 10 987 13 108 4 327 198 4 056 20 536 5 744 8 629 6 120 37 387 15 429 6 584 4 897 4 881 569 9 908 3 088 1 707 54 385 4 567 2 095 37 787 2 472 106 49 41 390 1 077 787

60 560 6 292 3 156 98 832 3 136 549 289 211 471 868 563 13 450 564 798 4 770 932 810 3 028 1 458 7 318 281 1 511 762 352 17 418 3 658 652 123 13 108 4 203 5 339 1 272 64 1 143 8 195 2 108 3 506 2 535 13 933 5 105 2 115 2 107 1 914 240 4 366 1 394 900 29 346 3 312 1 475 62 454 1 837 152 40 36 419 632 458

97 402 12 512 7 062 144 2 256 5 450 1 021 525 453 794 1 293 707 27 756 841 1 366 11 989 2 351 2 168 7 470 3 959 13 560 493 2 078 1 550 709 21 614 2 463 1 193 88 17 958 6 448 7 083 1 413 121 1 237 11 556 3 157 4 758 3 620 22 551 8 319 3 526 3 756 3 713 422 6 528 1 421 1 616 44 457 5 757 2 888 55 1 131 2 869 186 32 90 736 830 573

998 171 123 257 999 522 736 336 447 409 590 383 328

5 231 211 209 1 448 193 330 925 410 3 363 68 1 004 392 56

12 246 510 330 3 924 370 457 3 097 1 838 7 482 256 1 870 895 207

8 814 415 300 2 711 338 384 1 989 1 066 5 388 205 1 424 645 119

16 080 529 352 6 267 816 871 4 580 2 765 8 932 210 1 996 1 120 145

113 433 34 999 867 122 77 567 19 329 32 147 1 953 115 1 810 10 071 713 693 8 651 49 174 29 414 10 285 1 332 1 307 244 7 899 426 1 452

3 621 496 67 – 3 058 628 858 46 – 46 410 67 23 320 1 171 659 326 75 75 7 104 – 27

24 848 10 100 114 18 14 634 2 817 6 572 404 5 392 2 100 172 137 1 782 10 220 5 886 2 572 294 294 71 1 397 64 207

11 485 3 544 144 26 7 797 1 673 2 996 205 18 175 971 54 73 844 4 559 2 763 855 146 126 – 795 56 250

12 942 2 394 143 6 10 405 2 910 3 783 188 18 170 1 540 137 120 1 278 7 950 4 785 1 488 251 251 46 1 380 38 288

1 4 13 10

023 158 492 433 464 666 200 568 520 373 210 799 129 173 345 440 595 970 875 372 171 261 389 112 248 970 170 979 039 821 072 430 680 923 947 306 739 176 288 780 594 641 695 422 665 185 959 711 782 121 999 666 606 122 202 706 398 858 825 554

2 201 362 176 6 51 186 34 18 14 23 59 35 588 20 41 215 45 45 124 58 310 11 60 32 17 491 59 28 7 403 153 143 43 4 36 266 74 100 89 448 164 73 77 75 11 121 30 29 980 170 75 2 27 94 7 2 2 19 39 27

390 721 096 172 717 625 439 566 573 099 374 978 704 324 619 942 957 595 390 402 819 397 988 265 313 873 093 831 570 949 175 676 010 551 782 846 771 368 956 236 632 061 395 734 932 216 712 434 773 726 922 729 783 804 273 026 773 502 620 342

196 988 21 928 11 377 176 3 236 10 551 1 389 725 1 096 1 070 3 066 1 900 51 145 1 506 2 498 21 522 5 215 3 168 13 139 7 381 25 619 921 5 227 2 129 1 474 44 300 1 890 2 744 512 39 666 11 433 14 936 962 50 912 20 782 6 225 5 650 8 876 57 871 24 835 9 286 9 694 9 655 1 095 12 961 1 769 3 592 89 286 10 510 4 815 100 1 914 5 695 301 67 250 946 2 099 1 464

105 3 3 27 4 7 15 7 71 2 20 9 1

910 979 294 198 331 049 818 409 439 001 906 803 086

353 14 12 110 15 17 77 41 216 5 58 25 5

382 432 402 270 301 948 021 095 278 727 861 936 398

28 410 1 076 686 9 532 1 135 1 318 7 079 4 259 17 116 412 5 042 1 701 327

275 644 56 777 4 668 836 214 199 57 115 69 759 5 518 634 4 789 32 574 3 059 2 342 27 092 142 929 79 981 31 800 5 530 5 449 1 197 24 421 1 059 5 986

22 217 1 765 423 38 20 029 3 176 5 760 99 – 99 3 829 218 250 3 350 24 221 14 205 5 183 507 496 394 3 932 36 576

4 62 19 22 20 87 30 13 19 19 2 21 4 5 232 56 25 10 30 2

31 826 1 967 1 131 335 28 728 6 742 8 060 733 132 541 8 294 675 389 7 223 29 898 18 233 6 253 1 200 1 162 220 3 992 232 781

78 3 2 26 2 3 19 11 47 1 11 5 1

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

133

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 119.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupation of Employed Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Con.

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Other Central American

Employed persons 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers Employed females 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools

44 617 11 188 5 031 150 1 990 6 157 831 443 309 1 157 2 206 1 520 17 006 606 1 124 4 596 963 996 2 637 1 069 10 680 390 2 078 1 202 852 8 380 423 981 217 6 976 2 071 1 736 226 10 216 3 360 1 249 965 1 146 4 457 1 353 809 803 755 101 1 391 251 470 25 121 6 427 2 579 69 1 067 3 848 166 41 86 1 083 1 678 1 245

284 923 17 972 10 357 129 2 624 7 615 1 375 717 358 900 2 144 1 373 45 246 1 734 2 449 17 561 2 585 2 718 12 258 6 652 23 502 834 3 396 1 916 1 354 95 908 18 501 1 669 184 75 738 33 164 31 161 9 691 485 9 031 40 939 9 489 18 773 12 616 75 167 29 398 12 066 9 751 9 702 1 365 22 587 7 524 3 173 116 446 7 696 4 048 76 1 231 3 648 282 63 61 787 1 388 983

3 270 477 207 10 49 270 25 11 6 97 85 37 853 38 67 281 60 35 186 108 467 17 81 32 – 773 139 68 – 566 207 207 98 4 94 398 171 110 117 671 298 65 83 83 13 212 27 52 1 403 249 117 10 32 132 5 – – 64 40 29

545 110 50 1 14 59 13 7 7 5 16 8 152 4 13 56 12 14 29 11 78 3 15 8 3 111 13 4

Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations

11 313 405 377 2 815 433 459 1 923 886 7 716 212 2 012 880 329

24 780 1 074 548 8 904 827 994 7 083 4 263 14 254 447 3 231 1 426 472

Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers

5 280 423 191 45 4 666 1 027 909 70 2 68 441 65 19 357 1 590 806 377 61 61 6 340 27 113

54 842 17 922 208 27 36 712 10 219 16 938 1 026 70 947 4 600 218 321 4 061 23 502 14 390 4 661 498 493 114 3 839 241 567

134

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

Con. South American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

57 951 18 577 7 691 194 1 847 10 886 2 353 1 221 1 655 551 3 159 1 394 16 361 487 1 925 6 701 1 431 2 098 3 172 1 025 7 248 234 1 338 984 308 8 682 713 528 138 7 441 2 994 1 824 362 23 333 7 566 2 210 2 402 2 952 6 403 2 097 1 171 1 608 1 562 87 1 440 512 335 23 702 7 416 2 652 94 947 4 764 463 62 322 432 2 158 1 181

36 949 10 151 4 421 115 1 126 5 730 1 160 606 533 578 1 845 781 9 905 315 1 053 3 795 952 803 2 040 745 4 742 121 886 474 196 7 038 1 096 347 59 5 595 2 186 1 881 460 47 399 4 300 1 336 1 523 1 441 5 095 1 621 881 1 293 1 275 114 1 186 365 374 15 971 4 308 1 684 31 553 2 624 230 62 66 519 1 086 619

195 240 33 419 15 779 315 4 496 17 640 3 842 2 237 2 046 1 992 4 580 2 678 54 635 1 942 4 663 20 100 4 481 5 008 10 611 4 111 27 930 1 348 5 460 2 962 1 247 42 207 5 215 1 589 330 35 403 11 825 14 118 1 499 170 1 285 22 782 7 223 6 028 9 500 40 698 17 135 7 081 7 571 7 491 748 8 163 1 068 2 323 90 467 15 048 6 579 110 2 357 8 469 826 288 304 1 637 3 186 2 198

98 957 14 470 7 431 125 2 633 7 039 1 541 804 560 737 2 212 1 340 27 825 707 1 585 9 617 2 124 2 265 5 228 2 322 15 916 924 2 692 1 593 984 18 749 1 107 1 013 188 16 629 7 317 5 472 617 40 556 12 116 3 405 2 959 5 746 25 180 11 575 4 145 3 911 3 911 498 5 051 1 036 1 188 41 345 6 474 3 040 73 1 362 3 434 252 84 98 627 1 406 1 039

94 445 17 662 8 036 141 2 203 9 626 1 978 1 055 1 208 1 145 2 538 1 319 25 869 773 2 114 9 221 1 783 2 203 5 235 2 321 13 761 574 2 955 1 443 686 22 399 2 952 820 132 18 627 7 048 7 169 1 166 140 1 011 10 251 2 838 3 291 4 089 17 098 6 744 2 833 3 118 3 074 270 4 133 760 1 012 40 580 7 230 3 016 68 1 098 4 214 403 112 131 942 1 509 994

22 924 7 700 3 443 127 922 4 257 1 309 767 285 326 1 157 502 7 447 193 965 3 082 811 940 1 331 452 3 207 101 715 303 74 3 245 286 207 45 2 752 1 284 602 168 37 129 2 001 749 717 510 2 363 778 386 570 559 57 572 134 165 9 772 3 323 1 278 37 480 2 045 333 154 83 259 754 402

39 459 8 207 3 605 95 872 4 602 977 490 754 424 1 189 593 10 414 350 814 3 549 816 750 1 983 877 5 701 265 1 411 626 203 9 130 1 707 288 34 7 135 2 513 2 573 511 17 482 5 119 1 358 2 189 1 560 6 078 2 004 837 1 526 1 518 88 1 623 462 401 17 234 3 339 1 406 62 442 1 933 146 31 153 334 691 388

801 166 80 4 24 85 14 7 4 11 30 19 249 9 18 88 19 19 48 22 133 4 28 14 8 144 8 15 5 120 47 34 19 3 15 93 26 37 27 129 36 20 25 24 6 40 10 11 368 82 37 1 13 45 3

1 4 10 6

925 186 406 112 099 780 160 180 041 753 680 607 456 767 119 065 398 067 600 853 505 567 457 385 698 450 076 792 926 582 167 639 783 474 195 135 119 109 798 915 954 334 597 390 862 168 337 798 071 138 655 475 239 483 653 793 157 750 790 821

534 27 7 188 22 27 139 108 312 11 53 25 –

87 3 3 27 4 5 17 8 53 1 14 6 1

572 284 639 376 255 244 877 386 273 471 993 390 047

8 936 333 567 2 906 396 685 1 825 710 5 130 91 1 289 799 88

5 725 245 253 1 941 374 306 1 261 494 3 286 48 862 343 88

32 1 1 10 1 2 6 2 18

022 402 401 289 610 047 632 933 930 501 5 334 2 305 318

15 660 475 410 4 603 730 718 3 155 1 698 10 172 382 2 558 1 215 239

15 180 461 561 4 637 602 846 3 189 1 734 9 521 319 2 888 1 069 217

3 817 149 261 1 247 238 358 651 269 2 160 39 687 227 13

6 232 219 186 1 753 305 284 1 164 548 4 074 91 1 375 432 84

415 120 – – 295 55 91 14 2 12 9 – – 9 182 125 6 7 7 – 44 – –

59 962 12 438 932 94 46 592 11 049 16 019 635 104 508 8 693 733 504 7 451 35 071 20 156 8 247 999 999 248 5 421 262 1 167

4 627 629 150 6 3 848 1 165 784 44 2 42 780 55 45 680 1 899 829 645 111 111 4 310 39 90

4 052 1 043 56 7 2 953 738 970 60 16 44 461 26 30 405 1 365 707 431 29 29 11 187 16 69

24 731 4 976 251 32 19 504 4 397 7 513 167 24 135 3 565 327 216 3 022 14 934 8 486 3 609 397 397 68 2 374 53 474

7 708 1 054 182 31 6 472 1 386 2 010 93 8 85 1 980 139 79 1 762 9 430 5 999 1 841 169 169 160 1 261 55 205

11 722 2 853 202 10 8 667 2 116 3 117 176 28 133 1 146 105 85 956 5 126 2 843 1 149 184 184 5 945 70 212

1 729 274 44 6 1 411 485 312 51 26 25 226 37 18 166 626 325 170 42 42 – 89 7 24

5 393 1 609 47 2 3 737 762 1 313 44 – 44 535 44 31 460 1 691 967 402 67 67 – 255 22 93

93 35 33 4 4 64 19 19 25 102 41 17 19 19 1 22 4 5 239 47 19 7 27 2

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

1 9 20 14

982 018 430 127 509 588 914 968 607 893 351 556 333 248 270 107 259 868 980 384 708 265 184 617 063 186 000 456 255 730 670 945 837 117 540 521 511 628 942 087 392 647 730 686 159 159 687 792 205 496 237 816 607 259 329 902 038 961 309 441

106 699 686 29 271 404 13 600 223 552 865 3 951 487 15 671 181 2 904 006 1 620 080 834 266 2 406 301 5 475 328 3 695 991 34 396 480 1 319 407 2 716 679 12 825 901 3 179 331 3 784 279 5 862 291 2 300 799 17 534 493 600 367 4 323 743 2 192 086 917 215 13 575 925 401 566 1 857 922 688 965 11 316 437 4 558 958 2 636 392 2 392 877 1 033 644 1 186 984 11 920 410 3 765 266 4 340 999 3 651 438 15 142 590 4 296 888 2 560 122 3 446 548 3 272 453 880 980 3 958 052 786 305 1 431 645 49 307 437 14 128 732 5 714 443 239 728 2 053 522 8 414 289 530 052 145 772 164 064 2 102 051 3 808 731 2 817 320

158 6 5 47 6 7 32 17 98 2 27 12 2

402 901 954 105 912 864 329 114 442 435 236 462 696

21 685 544 1 077 434 790 980 6 166 703 1 099 496 1 255 453 3 811 754 1 824 048 13 650 427 371 157 4 239 708 1 959 937 345 816

80 032 7 575 2 446 582 70 011 23 561 15 833 2 831 415 2 372 9 981 1 395 895 7 640 34 463 16 206 8 085 2 692 2 647 311 7 169 335 2 791

8 066 380 290 61 7 395 2 839 1 066 389 146 234 1 106 163 121 817 3 930 1 734 941 404 397 42 807 31 331

280 901 278 774 101 400 139 759 029 687 535 699 248 055 587 065 976 070 660 663 813 920 948

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

473

Section Five: Census Data

Table 120.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Income in 1989 of Households, Families, and Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

INCOME IN 1989 Households Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Families Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Married-couple families Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 or more Female householder, no husband present Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Males 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Females 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars)

91 5 8 8 16 14 16 13 4 4 65 2 3 4 10 10 13 11 4 3 51 5 7 8 11 10 7 10 1 1 1 2 2 86

84

993 684 529 133 123 575 428 777 704 035 30 38 049 582 636 676 658 729 270 857 115 522 35 43 718 619 734 660 566 895 241 381 530 636 379 286 718 830 674 20

582 517 980 273 742 125 455 883 808 799 056 453 428 206 361 092 345 951 930 079 468 996 225 803 214 528 791 211 753 423 508 654 177 764 635 235 497 346 947 409 53.0 29 237 560 106 10 371 33.9 19 570

Per capita income (dollars) Persons in households (dollars) Persons in group quarters (dollars)

14 420 14 649 6 094

5 872 519 653 644 1 205 963 937 653 180 114 24 30 4 776 365 483 535 998 798 789 557 152 96 25 31 3 339 664 692 612 653 489 225 1 029 206 224 151 202 194 50 6 688 13

040 528 488 179 131 489 461 931 396 437 156 301 075 222 067 520 207 318 353 096 405 887 064 195 694 507 958 960 998 380 891 646 345 843 134 370 382 572 401 501 48.7 20 316 5 473 121 8 354 33.4 16 307 8 400 8 444 6 449

3 302 268 355 388 717 561 526 348 87 47 23 29 2 776 199 278 338 617 477 451 299 73 40 24 29 2 027 447 450 378 381 265 103 505 98 106 80 104 94 22 4 054 12

126 253 255 806 597 475 955 884 451 450 694 151 147 635 974 065 115 513 378 323 997 147 119 564 520 890 734 177 436 563 720 042 058 113 382 174 236 079 638 456 47.5 18 847 2 990 119 7 975 32.7 15 478 7 447 7 472 6 229

797 104 122 79 147 116 114 81 21 11 21 26 627 78 89 62 113 91 94 68 18 9 21 27 353 62 66 65 75 59 24 229 59 64 29 36 32 7 738 15

809 495 111 704 107 505 224 330 249 084 056 903 527 436 878 805 724 417 947 976 227 117 941 869 483 393 058 007 672 979 374 639 125 394 216 937 170 797 492 290 49.4 22 197 743 796 7 769 30.3 18 717 8 403 8 470 6 468

392 36 40 36 65 57 65 54 19 16 27 36 295 12 22 25 50 47 56 48 17 14 32 41 230 36 36 36 47 43 29 48 6 6 6 10 14 4 396 16

200 309 231 039 469 557 921 647 470 557 741 944 380 846 186 707 386 215 414 597 436 593 417 619 617 673 160 904 450 749 681 072 113 850 093 043 087 886 199 506 53.3 24 671 370 213 9 469 37.4 18 283 13 786 13 965 6 328

1 379 110 135 139 274 227 230 169 52 39 26 33 1 077 74 92 108 216 182 186 140 42 33 27 34 728 117 140 132 149 120 68 246 43 47 35 51 53 15 1 499 15

905 471 891 630 958 952 361 070 226 346 067 130 021 305 029 943 982 173 614 200 745 030 151 480 074 551 006 872 440 089 116 893 049 486 443 216 889 810 072 079 50.5 21 331 1 368 993 9 220 35.6 16 415 9 873 9 938 7 003

147 19 23 15 29 22 19 12 3 1 20 25 126 16 19 14 25 19 17 10 2 1 19 25 63 13 13 12 12 8 3 52 12 14 6 8 7 2 136 13

716 391 187 821 365 415 871 668 165 833 006 579 991 664 542 433 333 352 088 671 398 510 726 236 556 587 721 664 386 067 131 333 268 363 797 716 992 197 297 410 49.9 18 954 151 831 7 722 30.5 15 001 7 381 7 393 6 683

336 21 29 39 79 60 55 35 9 5 24 30 284 18 25 36 69 50 44 27 7 4 23 29 180 34 43 35 33 22 10 64 9 11 10 14 14 3 414 12

531 767 677 380 499 332 078 427 443 928 695 359 787 475 799 410 700 221 362 721 334 765 619 451 231 771 793 299 392 669 307 344 028 816 668 719 579 534 786 294 50.3 16 515 353 589 8 807 37.9 12 831

17 1 1 1 2 3 3 2

071 026 398 549 884 005 426 532 675 576 30 785 36 282 13 279 613 938 1 057 2 165 2 496 2 803 2 159 553 495 32 072 38 409 9 279 1 169 1 313 1 706 2 204 1 879 1 008 3 104 335 509 422 619 1 023 196 17 956 18 423 54.4 24 300 17 646 10 227 37.6 17 344

8 005 8 027 6 432

11 019 11 126 5 625

66 4 5 7 16 12 11 6 1 1 24 30 56 3 5 7 14 10 9 4 1

397 052 325 981 454 243 573 177 513 079 569 152 978 554 007 760 802 093 190 584 103 885 22 862 28 581 36 976 7 599 9 575 7 239 7 070 3 761 1 732 10 846 1 612 1 964 1 930 2 630 2 298 412 90 481 11 883 49.3 15 772 66 824 8 428 37.6 11 903

33 3 3 4 7 5 4 3

426 343 286 095 993 709 613 132 736 519 22 109 27 671 27 445 2 641 2 879 3 493 6 557 4 765 3 542 2 517 604 447 21 761 27 351 16 240 3 373 3 901 3 299 2 700 2 080 887 8 080 1 404 1 739 1 203 1 852 1 611 271 36 630 12 171 47.9 17 574 37 983 8 293 36.1 13 607

49 2 4 5 11 8 7 6 1

197 810 148 653 214 882 748 000 746 996 25 717 31 758 42 608 2 413 3 391 5 227 10 151 7 635 6 439 5 099 1 453 800 25 136 31 277 28 534 5 143 6 629 5 522 4 947 4 291 2 002 8 851 1 082 1 364 1 484 2 046 2 233 642 59 170 12 776 50.9 17 489 55 035 8 773 38.0 13 822

7 761 7 785 6 000

7 650 7 581 11 918

7 995 8 030 4 938

MEDIAN INCOME IN 1989 BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Family type and presence of own children: Families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Married-couple families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Female householder, no husband present (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Workers in family in 1989: No workers (dollars) 1 worker (dollars) 2 or more workers (dollars) Husband and wife worked (dollars) Nonfamily households (dollars) Male householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars) Female householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars)

35 34 31 39 40 36 17 12 7

225 627 580 584 693 490 414 485 775

25 23 21 29 29 25 12 9 6

064 417 230 930 208 918 406 586 823

24 22 20 27 27 23 12 10 6

119 917 827 664 129 687 714 276 820

21 19 17 32 32 29 8 7 6

941 587 089 111 068 483 912 366 045

32 34 34 36 40 39 19 14 11

417 644 893 471 211 326 511 645 340

27 25 23 32 31 28 14 10 7

151 428 049 568 825 175 576 816 839

19 17 15 28 27 26 9 7 6

726 311 701 252 921 365 724 568 684

23 22 21 27 26 24 15 12 9

619 403 274 706 991 335 358 042 471

32 31 29 37 37 33 19 13 9

072 250 511 592 033 333 323 060 553

22 22 20 26 26 22 14 11 8

862 070 382 531 043 871 715 673 834

21 20 18 26 26 23 13 10 9

761 304 689 788 260 361 482 583 928

25 23 23 29 27 28 17 14 12

136 867 362 294 798 086 177 413 290

14 25 44 46 17 22 20 11 13 12 8

622 517 500 340 240 630 193 688 729 226 639

5 16 34 37 15 19 15 7 10 8 5

976 914 879 007 243 144 484 159 624 517 721

6 15 32 34 15 18 15 6 10 8 5

120 973 646 658 355 930 153 972 352 185 490

5 18 38 40 13 17 14 6 9 7 5

477 057 486 825 193 327 234 672 306 896 783

7 883 21 997 43 025 45 252 11 870 16 758 13 530 6 331 8 204 6 919 5 000–

6 18 36 39 16 21 17 8 12 10 6

072 023 547 503 834 063 229 977 480 373 575

5 15 33 35 11 17 13 6 8 7 5

124 672 187 910 921 026 011 611 299 016 651

5 000– 14 548 30 740 32 814 16 983 20 197 15 662 8 683 13 022 10 451 6 578

6 21 40 43 19 24 22 27 14 12 7

463 679 210 131 397 232 059 946 595 349 577

5 000– 14 441 29 695 31 608 17 434 20 034 15 783 9 491 13 160 9 927 6 090

5 000– 14 841 29 659 32 459 15 441 18 103 14 847 11 667 12 562 9 403 5 199

5 000– 15 260 31 278 33 520 16 482 20 521 16 862 11 250 11 975 10 025 6 643

3 302 126 2 930 732 29 722 2 865 006 28 804 280 926 15 402 27 799 9 203 477 032

797 602 30 594 30 39 16 2 6 111

809 728 973 276 301 618 199 715 992 022

392 321 39 310 37 48 21 2 9 103

200 917 455 755 445 277 540 507 932 558

1 379 905 1 202 958 34 146 1 170 911 32 623 150 312 18 464 11 490 8 961 282 879

147 117 28 114 27 11 15

33 30 28 29 27 3 12

49 46 31 45 30 5 17

3 116 5 214 4 57 6 79 4

324 953 715 281 843 291 814 921 127

5 93 6 59 4 37 5 24 4

580 340 651 497 286 856 825 333 693

INCOME TYPE IN 1989 Households With earnings Mean earnings (dollars) With wage or salary income Mean wage or salary income (dollars) With nonfarm self-employment income Mean nonfarm self-employment income (dollars) With farm self-employment income Mean farm self-employment income (dollars) With interest, dividend, or net rental income Mean interest, dividend, or net rental income (dollars) With Social Security income Mean Social Security income (dollars) With public assistance income Mean public assistance income (dollars) With retirement income Mean retirement income (dollars) With other income Mean other income (dollars)

91 993 582 73 874 069 39 143 71 174 232 37 271 10 810 605 20 218 2 020 105 10 064 37 242 801 6 24 210 7 6 943 4 14 353 9 9 344 4

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

474

949 922 772 269 078 202 216 304 093

5 872 040 5 058 335 31 542 4 940 948 30 433 519 133 16 920 44 511 9 047 974 491 4 857 6 839 4 451 6 539 3

129 372 206 908 501 349 889 080 978

3 459 6 413 4 248 6 320 3

490 546 146 944 376 439 782 803 643

4 187 6 152 4 107 7 114 4

992 533 438 186 442 763 547 023 662

716 002 771 212 808 904 519 764 7 136 14 624 2 14 5 40 5 6 5 12 4

966 326 142 049 097 588 240 398 560

336 314 30 308 29 34 14 2 6 44

531 526 610 711 541 678 262 252 057 198

17 15 36 15 35 2 17

071 546 954 204 241 075 911 80 18 916 4 109

66 62 30 61 29 7 14

3 23 5 27 4 15 5 20 4

371 993 453 550 501 382 759 932 616

3 1 6 1 4

2 3 5 5 4 2 5 4 4

796 833 170 465 539 973 6 200 1 161 4 557

397 656 364 380 166 480 719 352 6 197 7 271 861 875 157 567 556 625 222 000 912

426 310 257 608 600 070 668 185 2 063 4 362 3 2 5 3 4 1 6 2 5

015 844 553 794 471 671 049 485 008

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

197 304 680 413 296 244 062 326 4 902 7 589 3 3 5 4 4 2 5 3 4

688 976 734 031 476 291 554 224 327

135

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 120.

Section Five: Census Data

Income in 1989 of Households, Families, and Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Con.

Con. South American

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

INCOME IN 1989 Households Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Families Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Married-couple families Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 or more Female householder, no husband present Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Males 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Females 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Per capita income (dollars) Persons in households (dollars) Persons in group quarters (dollars)

30 2 2 2 5 4 5 4 1 1 27 35 21 1 1 1 3 3 4 3 1

288 243 682 671 703 985 051 544 398 011 872 206 622 237 366 696 827 455 167 798 222 854 32 185 38 934 13 027 1 188 1 805 2 111 2 989 3 194 1 740 7 270 883 959 849 1 819 1 983 777 25 970 18 568 53.9 25 660 34 352 12 011 40.7 20 472 12 223 12 427 6 947

137 8 12 17 34 25 22 12 3 1 23 28 121 7 12 16 31 21 17 9 2 1 22 27 75 16 20 15 13 7 2 25 3 5 4 5 5 1 182 11

946 002 607 196 754 198 315 835 305 734 729 832 115 811 042 950 822 560 900 407 352 271 006 014 170 075 362 300 200 355 878 684 588 219 690 637 352 198 412 874 50.1 14 954 139 814 8 554 37.8 11 608 7 201 7 222 5 035

2 206 291 231 235 497 310 352 207 70 13 22 304 29 229 1 740 206 176 227 376 217 321 157 47 13 21 415 29 763 1 005 224 208 122 282 109 60 509 124 62 90 116 79 38 2 167 12 509 50.9 19 447 1 935 9 362 38.3 17 132 9 191 9 213 7 016

320 19 22 26 58 56 60 47 15 12 30 38 251 11 13 19 46 45 50 40 12 10 32 40 183 22 30 33 41 34 21 45 5 6 6 10 12 4 353 17

450 405 444 521 617 217 918 735 732 861 716 254 987 922 989 605 140 858 755 007 731 980 087 251 855 308 359 993 384 349 462 334 671 314 100 213 586 450 735 469 54.4 23 857 306 549 10 495 38.3 17 610 12 119 12 196 8 249

38 2 2 2 6 6 7 6 2 2 35 45 28 1 1 1 4 4 6 5 2 2 39 50 23 2 3 3 5 4 4 3

717 004 206 865 121 039 596 606 373 907 202 881 463 020 072 551 238 612 014 432 014 510 044 690 810 335 227 752 243 983 270 084 391 284 327 608 1 069 405 39 302 22 329 56.8 30 708 30 811 11 716 37.5 21 190 17 447 17 721 4 845

22 1 1 1 3 3 4 3 1 1 33 41 17

399 032 516 516 996 630 349 934 166 260 391 448 167 444 840 980 2 999 3 035 3 591 3 260 968 1 050 36 128 44 228 13 589 1 232 2 208 2 336 3 077 2 905 1 831 2 230 187 305 250 483 682 323 24 193 20 224 56.0 26 609 20 541 10 975 39.0 19 296 13 663 13 800 4 524

112 6 8 10 21 20 21 15 4 3 29 36 88 4 5 7 17 16 17 12 3 3 30 37 60 7 10 11 14 10 6 19 2 2 2 4 5 1 121 16

227 964 172 082 772 420 300 295 639 583 171 102 617 398 525 845 107 657 673 549 719 144 384 761 828 731 793 744 035 362 163 004 191 654 925 260 249 725 427 991 54.7 22 347 115 913 10 246 38.5 16 835 11 150 11 215 8 713

56 3 4 4 9 9 10 8 2 1 30 35 47 2 3 3 8 8 9 7 2 1 31 36 32 4 5 6 7 6 3 9 1 1 1 1 2

384 741 580 499 947 896 956 413 822 530 383 718 058 644 110 780 465 691 421 310 343 294 074 517 957 185 408 387 479 244 254 742 463 785 241 974 512 767 67 044 16 304 53.4 21 677 55 768 10 156 38.4 17 219 10 889 10 809 17 488

52 2 3 4 10 9 9 7 2 1 30 38 41 1 2 3 8 7 8 6 1 1 31 39 30 3 5 5 6 5 3 6

735 999 480 496 107 575 723 851 545 959 453 065 918 846 206 273 291 571 518 564 983 666 828 922 418 998 272 539 842 518 249 989 792 845 855 1 789 1 983 725 60 796 16 587 52.6 22 325 49 922 10 450 38.3 17 128 11 640 11 733 5 501

15 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

036 448 122 228 534 465 820 041 778 600 29 686 37 652 10 634 874 539 829 1 793 1 723 2 070 1 771 561 474 32 078 41 483 8 201 1 290 1 222 1 393 1 782 1 586 928 1 763 385 161 164 451 389 213 15 353 18 860 53.7 26 446 12 528 11 187 38.3 20 050 12 168 12 334 5 282

22 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 1 1 31 39 18

952 217 368 835 140 192 174 595 409 022 394 857 130 696 697 1 347 3 247 3 569 3 468 3 121 1 143 842 33 162 41 996 14 052 1 537 2 229 2 842 2 926 2 751 1 767 2 522 262 280 338 648 702 292 25 620 19 117 54.3 25 722 21 066 10 812 37.9 18 243 12 662 12 796 4 851

575 49 60 57 107 88 94 73 23 18 26 33 413 27 32 38 75 66 74 61 20 15 29 37 300 46 52 50 62 55 33 84 16 14 11 17 18 5 594 16

208 908 583 908 477 988 494 240 886 724 121 836 256 244 699 495 809 742 409 801 282 775 683 267 432 885 133 916 278 004 216 882 082 993 878 568 732 629 254 183 48.5 25 021 557 024 9 396 34.2 18 183 10 623 10 747 6 803

86 5 7 7 14 13 15 13 4 3

32 31 31 36 36 35 20 15 14

078 544 151 339 041 331 069 833 336

33 32 30 36 36 31 20 16 10

162 230 280 722 495 418 254 489 833

29 27 25 35 35 31 14 10 6

683 773 020 058 421 092 760 941 917

36 35 32 40 41 37 18 13 7

028 856 837 284 646 389 022 027 942

150 877 794 657 500 103 776 909 018 363 784

8 20 40 42 16 21 17 9 12 10 6

676 421 529 884 310 052 516 166 128 313 767

15 26 45 46 17 22 20 11 13 12 8

406 385 284 910 322 894 401 847 834 331 747

60 2 3 4 9 9 12 11 3 3 48 4 7 8 10 10 7 9 1 1 1 2 2 79

79

121 164 876 489 918 611 490 123 524 921 30 39 273 216 153 140 660 931 481 299 963 426 36 44 378 955 041 047 912 406 015 352 323 411 228 083 524 779 986 21

542 989 492 094 611 636 994 952 412 362 447 009 353 984 294 572 138 633 577 983 063 109 028 802 520 021 833 251 755 043 617 008 832 921 501 865 115 774 546 028 53.3 30 096 086 985 10 533 33.9 19 809 15 002 15 252 6 066

MEDIAN INCOME IN 1989 BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Family type and presence of own children: Families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Married-couple families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Female householder, no husband present (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Workers in family in 1989: No workers (dollars) 1 worker (dollars) 2 or more workers (dollars) Husband and wife worked (dollars) Nonfamily households (dollars) Male householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars) Female householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars)

32 30 28 41 41 32 20 16 10

185 821 155 500 602 072 214 844 046

22 21 20 25 25 23 14 11 8

006 291 665 585 365 056 061 555 739

7 21 42 46 19 22 21 7 16 14 7

559 011 799 514 599 754 173 987 431 560 284

5 000– 12 970 28 641 30 216 15 945 18 746 12 983 6 340 11 285 7 986 6 297

21 21 20 30 31 24 13 11 9

415 006 172 687 125 625 464 193 507

32 30 28 36 35 31 19 13 10

087 910 619 515 639 304 272 992 940

39 37 35 41 41 36 24 17 21

044 481 296 665 021 808 000 177 161

36 35 32 40 40 32 22 16 12

128 766 985 141 216 715 523 845 031

30 28 26 35 33 29 18 14 10

384 613 471 124 778 799 696 027 712

31 29 26 35 34 29 16 10 8

074 226 850 782 664 786 670 850 190

31 30 28 35 35 31 20 15 11

828 903 945 610 006 705 481 623 723

5 000– 15 087 30 833 37 572 17 386 20 789 15 208 – 15 750 7 109 8 077

5 21 39 41 19 23 19 9 15 12 6

283 477 655 878 633 147 047 469 495 270 331

7 29 45 47 22 25 21 13 18 16 8

620 052 866 471 325 193 260 510 884 070 326

6 23 42 44 20 26 21 8 16 12 6

548 956 784 138 998 585 656 698 493 235 752

5 19 37 40 19 22 18 7 14 11 5

153 744 707 238 027 773 323 597 969 888 866

5 20 39 41 17 21 16 7 12 9 5

191 522 142 769 298 367 711 626 936 584 718

5 000– 20 524 38 217 40 774 19 327 21 962 17 516 10 962 15 676 12 163 6 130

5 000– 23 102 40 960 42 166 20 398 24 583 22 354 13 750 15 029 12 450 7 222

5 23 40 42 19 23 18 15 15 12 6

206 942 671 893 935 157 17 904 35 2 439 245

320 296 38 287 36 43 21 1 9 72

450 261 615 316 547 271 314 925 052 596

38 35 45 34 42 7 24

717 822 583 236 336 313 808 203 9 928 11 940

22 20 41 20 39 3 22

399 982 478 058 251 622 528 150 9 300 5 784

112 104 36 101 34 14 19

227 365 323 443 394 757 969 733 9 701 22 698

56 50 37 49 35 5 19

52 49 38 48 35 6 22

15 13 38 12 36 1 21

036 343 826 895 939 949 269 68 3 869 4 323

22 21 40 20 38 3 19

952 449 041 633 246 557 527 68 3 780 5 413

575 475 35 460 33 60 19 6 10 151

208 169 024 672 434 459 413 549 146 461

86 121 542 68 815 734 39 702 66 233 284 37 781 10 291 472 20 384 1 975 594 10 086 36 268 310

2 347 277 5 255 289 3 950 112 5 153 223 5 230

4 29 5 22 4 13 6 21 5

608 420 673 761 286 631 840 648 834

6 343 954 6 118 601 3 263 483 5 630 1 031 9 839

4 1 5 1 4 1 7 1 6

5 119 6 61 4 72 8 59 4

845 794 979 826 048 162 273 045 271

7 23 353 7 6 103 4 13 901 9 8 805 4

INCOME TYPE IN 1989 Households With earnings Mean earnings (dollars) With wage or salary income Mean wage or salary income (dollars) With nonfarm self-employment income Mean nonfarm self-employment income (dollars) With farm self-employment income Mean farm self-employment income (dollars) With interest, dividend, or net rental income Mean interest, dividend, or net rental income (dollars) With Social Security income Mean Social Security income (dollars) With public assistance income Mean public assistance income (dollars) With retirement income Mean retirement income (dollars) With other income Mean other income (dollars)

136

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

30 26 36 26 35 2 15

288 759 026 376 167 279 634 241 3 411 6 682 4 3 6 2 4 3 8 2 4

295 483 667 600 301 068 293 753 994

137 131 29 128 28 14 12 1 6 13

946 009 035 837 068 373 558 033 834 940

3 7 4 9 4 4 4 7 4

024 705 708 804 554 642 307 086 285

2 1 30 1 29

6 4 6 1 4 1 7 2 7

340 291 416 777 712 894 219 350 766

3 2 5 1 3 1 9 1 5

993 211 760 216 849 145 131 358 257

4 9 5 8 4 4 6 7 5

440 828 546 303 132 560 127 724 600

384 638 142 663 726 260 700 335 8 764 10 573 3 5 5 6 4 2 5 4 4

623 845 557 501 565 562 872 090 303

735 662 027 388 856 813 023 368 9 371 11 865 3 4 5 3 4 1 8 3 5

924 407 392 155 311 944 138 466 524

181 884 329 208 094 043 276 629 602

025 550 830 361 019 853 292 224 100

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

475

Section Five: Census Data

Table 121.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Poverty Status in 1989 of Families and Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

ALL INCOME LEVELS IN 1989 Families In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Unrelated individuals for whom poverty status is determined Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Persons for whom poverty status is determined Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years

65 47 33 14 51 36 4 5 2 10 49 5 14 51 25 11 42 30 40 8 2 11 10 6 2 6 3 7 1 2 2

049 221 536 250 357 318 817 888 554 796 435 024 633 718 258 134 105 876 340 856 196 580 381 783 532 889 876 088 549 541 380

428 605 660 048 521 276 701 505 838 925 732 146 024 214 549 320 587 792 133 941 987 548 654 155 331 101 706 336 529 129 686

4 2 3 1 3 2

36 26 12 9 241 179 29 62 21 44

672 944 782 752 977 372 562 278 604 300

001 154 991 744 859 340 647 655 123 630

2 423 197 1 095 965 309 934 260 283 21 388 017 13 915 101 1 027 755 7 411 310 2 717 165 5 139 867

6 487 515 10.0 2 307 947 4 992 845 2 613 626 3 215 463 853 067 1 073 192 876 281 763 410 762 939 3 265 377 2 286 388 1 094 068 5 379 2 849 984 1 834 332 1 011 812 1 581 202 549 131 1 351 051 506 426 554 412 635 487 4 994 3 230 201 2 866 941 1 452 618 1 403 435 248 472 1 721 637 215 978 1 642 582 390 389 5 764 8 873 475 24.2 5 210 297 1 957 191 2 494 332 3 311 31 742 864 13.1 20 313 948 3 780 585 11 161 836 4 331 825 7 544 737 42 246 073 74 909 296

1 067 179 22.3 246 971 920 524 523 812 568 434 165 164 136 770 523 594 128 678 67 961 318 379 358 515 112 495 5 942 510 211 424 054 256 143 344 303 116 186 135 971 41 868 92 347 60 852 5 817 470 419 428 177 226 184 166 736 32 943 157 238 21 428 251 953 43 205 6 176 927 545 38.3 307 943 68 033 124 455 3 969 5 403 492 25.3 2 996 026 246 362 2 356 825 909 240 1 598 712 7 028 410 11 306 861

2 2 3 2 1 2 1 1

1

776 234 353 673 811 344 364 273 352 375 366 679 621 339 329 201 867 847 726 267 271 423 029 782 345 596 296 461 84 366 151

075 435 568 629 513 303 823 032 154 526 580 482 140 694 405 491 065 835 727 232 493 083 646 487 235 021 656 745 741 937 265

2 1 2 1 2 1

776 415 051 067 283 362 202 270 226 203 215 344 345 027 510 808 760 095 913 142 159 234 505 392 178 311 149 208 47 163 83

147 359 177 258 364 661 419 594 746 981 666 357 965 520 320 031 690 102 510 609 650 506 042 662 410 152 397 323 130 782 863

627 188 447 207 413 271 75 6 54 38 328 173 81 353 231 109 286 202 208 24 43 49 229 187 85 92 47 98 11 121 25

527 870 015 577 234 839 850 191 368 321 238 572 223 483 408 000 608 960 406 215 658 313 639 065 244 918 570 576 349 161 600

295 176 137 57 235 164 16 265 8 53 174 40 67 230 106 47 190 137 137 43 23 51 48 24 7 31 18 27 8 14 11

380 222 970 615 618 584 439 316 060 547 523 320 024 617 951 246 964 073 722 081 014 434 072 116 645 151 468 463 248 113 656

1 077 453 717 341 879 545 70 730 62 79 648 121 126 728 480 237 628 412 467 57 45 87 246 178 73 160 81 127 18 67 30

021 984 406 179 297 219 115 931 980 677 153 233 928 074 726 214 803 700 089 327 171 830 893 644 936 800 221 383 014 881 146

126 19 96 48 83 49 10 119 7 6 53 35 10 63 47 24 51 33 30 2 8 5 52 42 20 22 10 18 2 24 4

991 490 234 410 485 275 749 613 486 173 632 154 817 556 286 552 720 138 649 962 553 543 333 185 226 750 893 192 743 919 308

284 70 213 111 250 144 12 269 23 8 135 22 17 180 140 77 164 100 92 5 8 10 64 47 20 48 23 27 3 11 5

787 764 408 521 909 169 371 792 045 737 386 508 644 231 987 063 962 601 278 158 969 679 344 949 415 882 520 771 053 582 201

1 309 525 169 118 13 110 8 135 508 4 934 1 827 3 407

279 979 301 794 843 095 299 858 310 886

312 170 25 35 2 564 1 639 110 917 328 643

746 282 756 386 659 887 079 968 062 574

139 96 26 38 1 029 840 163 187 67 131

991 820 149 811 619 573 523 917 759 096

661 302 88 67 4 682 3 299 245 1 370 494 957

181 884 728 292 896 546 854 567 034 311

52 20 1 4 509 348 19 160 58 110

000 725 896 581 786 930 247 013 685 807

198 51 7 8 1 298 935 37 358 125 253

1 1 2 1 1 1

13 5 9 4 11 7

279 601 063 020 444 273 774 865 606 749 085 189 272 279 518 108 415 623 651 431 451 753 104 135 735 230 161 913 278 668 436

56 13 43 23 50 28 2 54 4 1 23 4 2 36 29 16 34 20 16

674 744 960 398 677 117 926 189 305 223

7 764 3 792 877 679 56 092 41 490 2 782 14 514 4 630 10 721

47 9 1 1 264 193 5 69 24 48

59 652 20.9 5 324 52 336 29 600 41 141 12 882 3 899 57 746 6 122 1 300 18 972 8 662 2 125 5 644 27 256 24 147 14 729 20 707 7 341 8 786 622 2 082 1 037 5 704 23 779 21 424 10 714 13 765 3 604 7 785 599 6 180 955 5 746 84 198 42.4 12 440 942 3 444 4 473 309 028 23.8 207 690 7 361 96 939 34 354 68 344 422 909 729 840

1 785 13.4 195 1 542 689 1 036 153 209 1 718 85 138 911 480 145 5 401 832 657 341 589 94 453 84 91 70 5 393 867 822 322 392 38 444 54 378 69 5 407 2 352 30.3 800 108 248 4 165 8 452 15.1 5 744 442 2 648 822 2 038 10 922 20 112

11 9 1 1 9 6 3 8 5 6

3 2 2 1 1

445 413 997 684 715 872 417 712 974 087 032 073 193 240 950 663 270 878 707 645 978 288 080 178 932 752 617 935 385 864 688

42 11 32 14 37 22 1 39 2 1 27 3 3 28 22 10 26 16 19 1 1 1 8 6 2 6 3 4

523 419 281 356 295 715 794 451 443 990

21 121 5 981 830 824 128 322 92 612 3 746 35 376 12 530 24 779

22 6 1 1 199 138 7 59 17 45

12 029 21.1 1 090 10 738 6 445 8 500 2 663 794 11 731 1 290 170 3 167 1 772 341 5 682 6 095 5 508 3 531 4 793 1 666 1 768 76 484 166 5 784 4 103 3 768 2 019 2 284 563 944 62 1 204 157 5 792 21 080 44.4 2 317 143 564 4 495 66 806 25.3 45 968 1 175 19 851 7 015 13 983 91 740 156 083

6 986 25.5 803 5 981 3 503 4 269 1 191 577 6 692 662 161 2 565 1 429 332 5 862 2 673 2 196 1 466 1 850 695 844 102 265 149 5 972 3 483 3 149 1 674 1 834 365 1 396 59 1 113 144 5 859 9 662 45.7 1 736 57 323 4 374 34 897 27.2 23 820 797 10 784 3 812 7 607 45 591 73 618

1 1 10 8 3 8 3 3 2

978 141 071 050 874 597 474 933 577 265 136 563 879 976 670 161 169 133 446 861 933 818 846 088 631 217 853 499 287 169 702

27 7 19 10 22 12 1 25 1 1 14 3 2 16 11 6 14 8 8 1 8 6 2 5 2 3 1

608 302 073 842 859 813 730 581 958 843 164 296 014 534 193 767 235 839 606 048 396 784 851 529 424 794 396 656 687 1 611 942 157 589 349 376 169 487 835 823 884 304

INCOME IN 1989 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL Families Percent below poverty level In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Unrelated individuals Percent below poverty level Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Mean income deficit (dollars) Persons Percent below poverty level Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years Persons below 125 percent of poverty level Persons below 200 percent of poverty level

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

476

649 920 23.4 438 554 531 627 123 500 259 464 617 379 003 884 947 615 350 466 512 534 490 832 311 764 905 153 591 445 549 418 118 794 501 777 161 171 39.2 139 302 42 450 54 295 4 063 447 149 26.3 836 019 125 659 577 800 614 744 064 558 559 235 411 141 191 569 338 404 123 74 348 81 41 164 177 69 5 366 316 196 266 91 80 25 59 39 5 229 209 114 99 20 70 12 110 24 6 513

3 1 1 1 4 7

185 631 29.6 13 331 163 577 86 008 46 779 9 773 35 455 1 685 26 867 7 546 61 555 112 252 18 769 6 294 43 094 33 144 17 843 18 072 5 350 15 442 3 466 16 345 7 618 5 974 131 634 121 845 63 612 24 123 3 465 42 938 3 459 91 829 9 658 6 433 125 128 40.0 59 560 4 217 20 212 3 667 812 798 31.7 424 389 32 701 382 665 144 298 262 112 965 021 1 365 093

33 607 11.4 8 253 19 662 8 665 13 939 4 026 4 271 30 571 1 480 8 137 11 729 11 334 7 032 4 570 18 899 8 826 4 139 8 156 2 669 6 073 6 552 5 062 4 935 4 028 12 184 9 238 3 717 4 291 837 4 719 1 291 5 707 1 735 5 377 52 799 37.7 34 343 4 727 22 904 2 985 149 825 14.6 117 121 39 522 31 898 11 916 22 240 198 673 345 208

198 021 18.4 33 949 167 731 90 608 103 089 28 242 22 544 143 079 18 867 10 661 80 716 57 926 16 810 5 825 81 603 65 734 37 695 51 563 16 633 33 966 6 018 11 629 8 535 5 754 97 448 87 503 44 410 38 773 8 223 39 463 3 884 43 916 7 035 5 965 236 447 35.8 74 738 16 639 27 044 4 147 993 720 21.2 618 497 48 480 364 462 138 282 249 802 1 305 481 2 185 419

42 446 33.4 2 085 38 068 20 817 12 762 3 296 5 019 40 555 2 937 1 761 14 443 21 384 2 863 6 237 11 130 9 341 5 115 5 490 1 683 4 032 779 2 880 1 042 6 254 28 936 26 867 14 523 6 012 1 246 9 443 862 17 872 1 630 6 244 22 568 43.4 7 745 337 2 911 4 167 168 277 33.0 97 599 6 372 69 984 26 615 48 051 206 614 307 317

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

8 551 20.1 667 7 692 3 893 6 311 2 076 548 8 182 760 307 3 945 1 077 322 5 978 4 265 3 890 2 073 3 398 1 201 2 187 120 311 139 5 794 2 928 2 625 1 172 1 815 504 1 213 173 671 155 6 320 9 740 44.0 1 544 139 606 4 507 45 654 22.9 28 661 1 401 16 248 5 021 12 198 63 793 108 468

137

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 121.

Section Five: Census Data

Poverty Status in 1989 of Families and Persons for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Con.

Con. South American

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

ALL INCOME LEVELS IN 1989 Families In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Unrelated individuals for whom poverty status is determined Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Persons for whom poverty status is determined Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years

21 9 14 5 18 12 1 18 1 1 17 1 2 13 8 3 11 8 11 1 7 4 1 5 3 5 1

13 8 1 1 88 66 5 21 7 15

622 103 482 899 566 041 179 186 117 503 860 987 047 027 814 990 684 027 237 894 587 236 270 938 640 682 221 589 552 257 685

121 23 93 52 108 59 4 117 11 2 43 8 6 75 61 35 69 40 29 1 3 3 25 19 8 19 9 7

115 751 392 358 097 650 742 977 734 219 115 186 092 170 073 958 333 485 013 234 564 716 684 674 904 889 116 911 852 3 872 1 705

1 740 453 1 330 668 1 354 923 55 1 538 79 71 994 214 147 1 005 769 416 856 616 618 45 60 84 509 407 149 318 156 268 12 141 43

251 106 163 73 222 142 10 235 9 11 182 17 21 183 123 58 167 112 137 7 8 14 45 29 9 34 18 29 2 7 5

987 202 316 218 716 651 771 885 979 149 957 892 202 855 085 267 928 372 529 965 344 556 334 241 688 039 124 711 578 874 022

28 15 16 6 25 17 1 26

546 666 869 832 580 901 671 532 417 389

85 16 1 2 555 396 11 155 57 106

463 867 103 512 622 412 063 659 672 662 576 282 997 810 691 753 851 154 064 413 848 344 084 739 505 375 369 344 192 355 485

17 8 10 4 15 10

167 718 693 117 753 315 603 784 480 749 837 819 438 589 563 475 658 618 180 548 493 023 230 446 339 844 003 653 176 252 322

88 35 58 26 78 49 3 83 3 3 60 6 7 60 41 20 55 37 43 2 2 4 19 12 4 14 7 11 1 3 2

617 424 449 809 256 804 969 244 710 693 900 548 198 828 671 461 667 523 528 451 729 555 004 264 122 602 549 606 007 053 024

47 16 31 14 39 25 2 44 2 2 29 5 4 32 23 10 29 19 21 1 2 2 9 6 2 6 3 5

549 831 645 236 293 976 847 518 681 693

1 014 466 109 95 6 926 4 936 251 1 975 720 1 347

142 68 14 10 1 013 764 42 247 85 175

233 463 827 076 910 784 006 432 663 258

15 10 2 1 98 79 5 19 5 14

630 254 765 595 844 164 880 561 750 790

9 489 5 232 1 300 800 67 700 50 656 3 015 16 946 6 010 11 862

53 23 4 3 368 274 14 92 32 65

149 610 943 469 169 632 063 868 842 181

22 9 1 1 188 143 8 45 15 32

26 969 22.3 2 216 23 654 13 799 19 170 6 436 1 512 26 459 2 915 358 6 145 3 104 838 5 475 12 496 11 188 6 924 9 510 3 557 2 963 156 825 451 5 607 10 214 9 171 4 718 6 292 1 942 2 267 169 2 162 345 5 546 37 161 43.4 4 165 182 933 4 539 137 813 24.8 92 913 2 444 42 703 15 905 29 304 190 550 335 741

495 28.4 53 376 162 264 78 27 434 – 29 220 114 37 5 809 196 134 68 116 33 96 29 35 29 5 264 223 184 60 97 14 89 – 79 8 6 485 432 42.6 136 39 49 4 408 2 158 31.2 1 432 104 711 226 517 2 767 4 053

2 206 7.8 444 1 502 776 1 278 195 178 2 047 120 178 1 350 290 242 5 922 1 352 873 457 913 146 758 141 141 126 5 542 653 540 264 279 44 452 37 144 110 6 377 3 987 25.5 1 824 253 545 4 088 10 838 11.0 8 332 942 2 407 868 1 644 14 628 26 841

1 409 8.2 328 1 060 498 857 233 114 1 334 72 106 944 220 132 5 006 808 578 299 547 175 582 67 76 68 4 805 471 408 138 228 51 290 39 122 64 5 233 2 668 28.1 981 151 275 4 076 6 966 10.3 5 364 498 1 512 580 1 026 9 397 19 285

11 617 13.1 2 198 9 425 4 731 6 908 1 921 927 11 008 713 507 6 355 2 157 743 5 464 5 139 4 135 2 408 3 459 1 181 2 963 264 408 320 5 620 5 167 4 376 1 887 2 607 549 2 776 185 1 519 347 5 361 17 258 32.5 5 595 659 1 754 4 137 55 737 15.1 39 385 2 872 15 800 6 110 10 777 75 643 136 774

1 21 1 2 23 13 5 21 15 18 1 2 3 1 2 1 2

15 13 1 13 8 3 12 8 11 1 2 1 1 1 1

058 896 620 077 844 091 593 418 211 363 298 278 325 957 110 622 452 417 394 611 297 939 742 587 495 395 424 371 616 2 672 1 076 016 326 710 839 760 177 266 270 228 621

41 16 27 12 37 23 1 39 1 1 34 2 3 30 21 10 28 18 25 1 1 2 6 4 1 5 2 5

918 190 599 707 869 721 518 364 580 719 218 577 257 418 104 264 124 329 226 201 288 268 989 367 423 591 942 373 411 985 704

10 4 6 3 8 5

130 564 898 259 419 719 639 128 708 599 796 961 351 052 466 460 988 678 782 468 524 985 522 697 440 035 222 947 85 324 246

413 257 244 108 322 209 36 105 22 53 276 45 77 300 169 77 244 166 206 41 19 57 84 59 23 55 28 51 9 23 15

256 528 448 030 187 124 224 641 470 618 178 679 265 432 368 332 193 589 633 242 305 052 882 269 607 129 684 709 640 506 615

60 44 30 12 47 33 4 3 2 10 47 4 14 48 22 9 39 29 38 8 1 11 9 6 2 6 3 6 1 2 2

273 987 183 576 546 973 452 615 202 421 069 344 011 378 929 932 238 028 613 589 925 157 352 000 187 293 580 626 464 174 229

353 170 092 419 008 973 878 473 684 399 152 664 884 520 144 829 522 957 406 709 494 465 008 668 096 080 050 591 788 192 421

23 10 1 1 172 129 6 42 15 29

661 817 965 298 290 363 981 691 390 502

8 121 4 402 965 391 46 774 33 964 1 191 12 758 4 532 9 036

10 167 4 822 1 179 684 71 373 53 828 2 610 17 338 5 911 12 266

268 161 64 44 1 860 1 250 146 604 224 418

274 952 045 237 523 715 675 933 381 023

34 25 12 9 220 165 28 54 18 39

248 848 473 492 589 457 534 867 886 160

804 189 057 461 842 239 892 345 958 763

4 913 11.7 785 4 097 2 031 3 160 806 326 4 688 358 174 3 596 526 230 5 800 2 660 2 239 1 249 1 883 539 2 045 93 158 128 5 913 1 782 1 521 614 991 230 1 195 67 338 72 5 480 6 997 29.6 2 187 267 586 4 068 24 216 14.1 17 284 1 130 6 725 2 347 4 734 33 876 63 806

1 639 15.4 252 1 297 661 871 147 140 1 465 162 13 1 311 179 58 6 606 941 779 485 563 113 751 13 38 17 6 885 538 410 137 217 13 427 – 141 29 6 361 2 724 33.5 945 202 172 4 438 9 117 19.5 6 178 230 2 891 870 2 214 11 717 18 002

1 718 9.5 250 1 332 744 1 004 261 112 1 612 117 63 1 180 226 129 5 431 940 714 460 597 137 694 33 63 56 5 658 579 501 225 284 100 400 25 146 37 5 062 3 231 31.8 1 043 167 284 4 283 8 940 12.5 6 692 463 2 075 768 1 456 12 265 23 939

9 9 8 5 3 7 4 7

1 1 1 1

634 543 954 737 953 589 386 288 618 364 332 427 636 201 480 232 188 653 355 273 165 442 763 141 364 197 615 417 91 233 165

18 8 11 5 16 10 17 13 1 14 9 4 12 8 10

2 1 2 1 1

INCOME IN 1989 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL Families Percent below poverty level In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Unrelated individuals Percent below poverty level Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Mean income deficit (dollars) Persons Percent below poverty level Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years Persons below 125 percent of poverty level Persons below 200 percent of poverty level

138

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

2 837 13.1 300 2 353 1 109 1 591 285 232 2 530 410 137 2 019 686 110 5 668 699 574 326 451 95 475 55 71 33 5 670 1 961 1 705 749 1 051 178 1 432 82 573 77 5 699 3 771 27.8 1 742 274 721 4 061 13 248 15.0 9 152 998 3 994 1 553 2 697 17 546 31 765

30 353 12.0 5 016 24 705 12 425 17 147 4 329 2 595 28 712 1 882 1 305 18 010 5 815 1 967 5 740 14 810 11 869 6 768 9 556 2 728 9 225 797 1 416 981 5 825 12 601 10 846 4 676 5 765 1 204 7 133 419 4 033 816 5 635 43 837 30.8 14 887 1 887 4 644 4 131 145 867 14.4 103 140 7 682 41 283 15 071 28 885 197 333 361 749

6 851 14.6 759 5 992 2 984 3 069 766 798 6 558 340 264 3 274 2 217 433 6 126 2 970 2 551 1 410 1 594 437 1 432 186 532 266 6 221 3 411 3 090 1 411 1 159 217 1 593 66 1 623 157 6 025 6 972 31.7 2 312 188 1 028 4 037 30 053 15.9 19 905 1 547 9 873 3 528 7 034 39 807 73 102

65 570 15.9 524 622 766 039 735 031 066 926 295 291 065 855 764 407 377 083 810 881 923 820 251 475 570 132 366 497 231 169 102 004 831 634 005 844 32.0 39 666 13 473 16 045 3 830 370 548 19.9 210 068 27 065 156 256 62 242 104 522 478 625 786 513 21 52 27 32 7 11 16 7 6 29 22 9 5 28 20 11 15 4 11 3 5 5 5 32 28 14 13 2 15 2 15 3 6 85

5 420 336 9.0 060 976 072 321 089 814 647 029 687 903 936 422 352 687 634 732 694 978 2 946 998 1 927 873 981 573 5 268 2 339 773 1 410 278 755 669 1 236 899 432 945 1 215 080 464 558 462 065 574 635 4 814 2 759 782 2 438 764 1 226 434 1 236 699 215 529 1 564 399 194 550 1 390 629 347 184 5 694 7 945 930 23.2 4 902 354 1 889 158 2 369 877 3 234 26 339 372 11.9 17 317 922 3 534 223 8 805 011 3 422 585 5 946 025 35 217 663 63 602 435 2 4 2 2

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

477

Section Five: Census Data

Table 122.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Selected Characteristics of Persons 60 Years and Over by Age for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

All persons

Total

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Total

Dominican (Dominican Republic)

Total

Costa Rican

Guatemalan

Honduran

Nicaraguan

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Persons 60 to 64 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 65 to 74 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 75 years and over In households In group quarters Nursing homes

10 635 762 10 521 298 114 464 59 648 18 218 481 17 884 074 334 407 247 973 12 976 794 11 580 219 1 396 575 1 305 978

538 532 6 2 671 661 9 5 385 362 22 19

862 660 202 196 012 652 360 434 184 620 564 882

282 279 3 1 339 334 4 3 185 172 12 11

487 069 418 169 208 239 969 135 257 316 941 701

63 963 62 752 1 211 523 75 252 73 773 1 479 769 38 134 35 772 2 362 1 929

69 624 69 024 600 177 97 878 97 153 725 408 68 685 65 800 2 885 2 391

122 788 121 815 973 327 158 674 156 487 2 187 1 122 93 108 88 732 4 376 3 861

11 097 11 060 37 8 13 389 13 376 13 13 5 961 5 859 102 74

20 845 20 692 153 23 25 553 25 320 233 94 12 690 12 484 206 156

1 620 1 620 – – 1 902 1 867 35 35 933 915 18 18

3 454 3 381 73 – 4 000 3 913 87 – 1 794 1 786 8 –

2 668 2 668 – – 2 608 2 601 7 7 1 170 1 145 25 18

4 145 4 105 40 13 4 958 4 937 21 8 2 924 2 880 44 25

10 1 2 3 1 1 18 3 3 5 2 2 12 4 2 2 1 1

63 31 13 10 5 3 75 43 13 10 4 2 38 24 6 4 1

69 27 13 11 8 9 97 43 19 15 8 11 68 37 12 8 4 5

624 092 031 595 802 104 878 309 039 157 921 452 685 362 589 949 203 582

122 40 25 26 17 13 158 61 32 33 17 12 93 48 17 14 6 4

788 512 005 660 387 224 674 837 912 967 734 224 108 715 961 731 742 959

11 7 1 1

20 9 3 3 2 1 25 12 4 4 2 1 12 6 2 2

845 159 432 659 888 707 553 766 200 361 526 700 690 722 268 156 922 622

1 620 564 322 261 323 150 1 902 646 374 286 288 308 933 377 186 168 144 58

3 454 1 979 479 482 347 167 4 000 2 289 560 584 332 235 1 794 1 017 249 291 142 95

2 668 1 090 439 581 304 254 2 608 1 324 479 422 253 130 1 170 640 176 226 66 62

4 145 1 508 767 776 617 477 4 958 2 321 966 774 511 386 2 924 1 393 545 617 195 174

24 298 532 1 203 1 565 4 646 4 398 4 838 7 116 6.8

36 1 1 2 6 6 6 11

024 099 924 491 006 185 902 417 8.4

2 464 113 115 228 572 371 425 640 14.6

4 073 151 201 285 631 733 816 1 256 9.8

477 22 17 21 55 105 94 163 8.2

548 17 15 86 78 70 141 141 11.3

654 48 30 23 123 109 123 198 11.8

972 29 55 64 133 189 157 345 10.0

495 529 928 268 313 710 747 39.1

15 3 3 2 2 1 1

596 814 956 277 752 276 521 35.0

1 098 348 413 132 133 38 34 54.4

1 838 438 646 207 292 128 127 32.3

165 44 52 – 41 9 19 26.7

311 80 72 24 56 43 36 30.9

316 107 69 33 62 45 – 46.5

235 31 130 19 29 18 8 15.7

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 60 to 64 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 65 to 74 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 75 years and over Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher

635 627 111 429 884 582 218 636 789 774 897 120 976 453 709 961 616 236

762 746 592 376 132 916 481 494 423 343 366 855 794 073 473 417 777 054

538 257 104 88 53 34 671 363 123 100 50 33 385 253 58 40 18 14

862 784 178 651 721 528 012 069 118 040 825 960 184 500 718 321 455 190

282 159 52 39 22 9 339 214 58 40 19 7 185 142 21 12 5 2

487 049 390 423 518 107 208 251 032 273 364 288 257 707 883 400 519 748

963 131 752 973 014 093 252 672 135 643 806 996 134 716 285 241 991 901

3 863 77 151 239 639 671 788 1 295

733 968 376 904 545 469 016 455 5.1

172 7 12 15 34 29 31 41

855 052 383 988 135 607 979 711 12.2

94 4 7 10 19 15 17 19

333 539 710 093 807 731 126 327 14.9

18 200 882 1 546 1 839 3 676 3 293 3 113 3 851 13.3

1 637 282 341 254 356 186 215

721 378 892 933 102 922 494 24.6

64 18 18 8 9 4 4

508 766 431 768 839 314 390 41.6

28 8 7 4 4 1 1

376 678 916 152 292 770 568 40.1

12 3 4 1 1

6 105 105 377 683 1 565 1 168 1 006 1 197

480 626 532 471 961 869 332 689 4.8 4 238 144 673 028 1 351 851 783 518 792 343 315 489 321 915 22.6

192 7 25 30 46 30 25 25

250 419 403 205 953 530 776 964 14.1 121 743 37 711 49 628 14 168 12 509 4 008 3 719 43.7

2 751 73 311 488 754 427 323 371

74 3 17 17 17 7 5 5

13 9 2 1 5 4

097 297 744 232 359 465 389 107 099 525 358 300 961 155 819 559 291 137

INCOME AND POVERTY STATUS IN 1989 Married-couple families, householder 60 to 64 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 60 to 64 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 65 to 74 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 65 to 74 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 75 years and over Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 75 years and over living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level

461 814 762 925 492 153 881 434 7.7 4 751 106 896 651 1 870 393 790 052 654 606 256 210 283 194 27.0

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

478

982 832 194 407 448 967 919 215 19.8 94 854 36 488 41 233 8 647 5 169 1 600 1 717 51.2

041 745 631 071 482 558 554 55.7

8 2 1 1 1

104 4 14 17 25 16 13 11

066 411 902 606 931 252 359 605 16.6 54 956 18 385 22 533 6 551 4 840 1 406 1 241 41.7

17 986 774 2 874 3 033 4 342 2 402 2 179 2 382 13.9 19 257 5 250 9 986 1 631 1 413 486 491 56.1

29 1 3 4 6 4 4 5

659 003 851 168 697 632 176 132 11.6 16 968 6 806 5 554 1 788 1 753 514 553 51.4

40 1 3 5 9 7 6 6

539 231 776 398 983 244 062 845 9.3 30 562 7 270 11 555 4 198 4 503 1 602 1 434 35.2

2 275 237 294 317 562 273 285 307 25.5 2 288 702 1 223 140 146 24 53 64.6

3 889 181 299 443 864 714 665 723 12.6 3 637 815 1 460 520 576 146 120 31.8

299 14 42 30 57 66 9 81 21.4 372 52 137 77 55 32 19 24.2

664 23 17 89 176 81 189 89 10.2 465 100 197 43 98 17 10 24.9

458 42 29 34 118 114 47 74 15.1 437 179 97 52 93 14 2 47.1

827 52 43 117 185 164 146 120 12.3 416 95 187 74 53 – 7 32.2

38 2 9 9 9 3 2 2

6 229 319 1 418 1 632 1 414 687 450 309 15.6 10 959 3 244 6 254 727 535 124 75 59.5

13 422 657 3 886 3 010 2 595 1 354 921 999 23.1 14 565 7 840 4 861 991 495 153 225 65.7

16 788 696 2 813 3 539 4 262 2 064 1 892 1 522 13.3 25 103 7 322 11 268 3 009 2 098 702 704 41.6

687 44 179 101 134 87 110 32 29.1 1 260 356 781 44 11 54 14 60.8

1 269 31 124 274 271 181 225 163 10.5 1 988 614 977 194 112 49 42 40.5

132 – 28 46 18 7 17 16 15.2 163 55 53 30 13 – 12 51.5

197 8 – 37 49 13 65 25 4.1 273 82 158 10 8 11 4 32.6

187 6 20 23 42 29 31 36 17.6 172 73 69 18 – 4 8 42.4

221 – 24 50 44 44 17 42 8.1 365 78 195 50 34 8 – 26.8

543 160 077 226 177 862 656 385 22.1 44 227 18 082 18 850 3 920 2 041 621 713 49.9

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

139

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 122.

Section Five: Census Data

Selected Characteristics of Persons 60 Years and Over by Age for Selected Hispanic Origin Groups: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Hispanic origin (of any race) Con. Other Hispanic

United States

Central American

Con.

Con. South American

Panamanian

Salvadoran

Other Central American

Total

Argentinean

Chilean

Colombian

Ecuadorian

Peruvian

Venezuelan

Other South American

All other Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

2 677 2 658 19 – 3 971 3 945 26 26 1 746 1 726 20 13

6 156 6 135 21 10 7 955 7 898 57 18 4 026 3 940 86 77

125 125 – – 159 159 – – 97 92 5 5

28 222 28 098 124 7 29 254 29 013 241 90 13 195 12 866 329 287

4 644 4 638 6 – 4 278 4 224 54 27 1 737 1 650 87 87

2 178 2 176 2 2 1 981 1 965 16 5 1 087 1 048 39 39

9 362 9 300 62 5 9 935 9 823 112 36 4 283 4 155 128 96

4 863 4 863 – – 5 629 5 604 25 – 2 671 2 647 24 21

4 538 4 498 40 – 4 743 4 733 10 – 2 258 2 231 27 20

886 881 5 – 813 789 24 22 413 400 13 13

1 751 1 742 9 – 1 875 1 875 – – 746 735 11 11

62 624 61 965 659 289 90 478 88 778 1 700 925 61 262 57 523 3 739 3 344

10 096 900 9 988 638 108 262 57 452 17 547 469 17 222 422 325 047 242 539 12 591 610 11 217 599 1 374 011 1 286 096

2 677 497 530 676 602 372 3 971 1 033 684 1 189 665 400 1 746 616 466 396 137 131

6 156 3 483 878 859 665 271 7 955 5 049 1 125 1 076 464 241 4 026 2 626 622 455 231 92

125 38 17 24 30 16 159 104 12 30 13 – 97 53 24 3 7 10

28 7 5 6 4 4 29 9 6 6 3 3 13 6 2 2

222 596 655 469 178 324 254 684 146 436 771 217 195 020 636 681 990 868

4 644 1 045 783 1 058 746 1 012 4 278 1 178 842 861 689 708 1 737 660 377 356 129 215

2 178 439 446 430 405 458 1 981 515 368 476 398 224 1 087 387 222 289 104 85

9 2 1 2 1 1 9 3 2 2 1

4 1 1 1

863 535 254 077 550 447 629 161 364 094 589 421 671 512 503 401 144 111

4 538 908 780 1 329 764 757 4 743 1 271 1 124 1 187 605 556 2 258 897 477 590 157 137

886 190 117 280 138 161 813 174 124 228 145 142 413 187 54 135 24 13

1 751 481 332 260 317 361 1 875 633 309 450 220 263 746 286 121 135 96 108

62 16 14 15 9 6 90 30 20 21 11 7 61 31 12 9 4 3

10 1 2 3 1 1 17 3 3 5 2 2 12 4 2 2 1 1

542 1 28 20 63 117 140 173 7.0

870 34 56 71 179 143 161 226 9.9

10 – – – – – – 10 –

8 724 173 238 463 1 080 1 563 1 911 3 296 4.9

1 703 40 50 70 239 292 340 672 5.0

676 5 23 31 129 111 156 221 3.1

2 758 44 64 126 261 536 718 1 009 3.4

1 538 23 45 122 175 296 296 581 7.0

1 274 40 49 39 159 214 253 520 6.8

198 9 7 26 30 15 66 45 8.1

577 12 – 49 87 99 82 248 3.3

359 43 156 35 57 13 55 21.7

411 115 152 96 39 – 9 42.3

41 18 15 – 8 – – 43.9

3 163 734 664 460 601 297 407 31.7

666 130 94 101 136 49 156 25.7

257 71 61 35 45 10 35 33.5

996 234 203 154 206 127 72 33.0

449 141 119 77 65 35 12 39.9

434 119 96 61 83 41 34 39.2

184 14 57 26 38 9 40 19.6

177 25 34 6 28 26 58 18.1

679 17 46 61 143 120 80 212 6.8 1 113 175 439 172 198 79 50 29.1

932 33 102 112 185 169 184 147 12.9 817 212 398 102 69 4 32 35.0

30 – 20 – – – 10 – 66.7 17 2 5 – 10 – – 11.8

6 376 174 521 587 1 270 1 208 1 075 1 541 8.4 4 824 1 220 1 784 499 723 230 368 40.1

1 171 55 101 75 255 182 182 321 9.1 799 103 264 83 174 44 131 28.4

397 10 38 50 40 91 53 115 6.5 416 83 175 54 63 8 33 26.0

1 944 57 193 171 393 347 345 438 10.5 1 509 489 521 176 197 68 58 49.0

1 279 28 138 120 217 289 202 285 10.7 920 291 388 110 58 49 24 53.3

997 7 35 115 229 182 192 237 3.6 603 135 229 37 100 18 84 28.4

190 7 – – 39 51 20 73 3.7 229 47 56 14 57 29 26 31.4

215 9 – 50 36 42 48 30 4.2 482 177 232 39 27 7 – 55.4

302 8 43 68 82 40 47 14 11.9 499 144 251 47 30 9 18 35.7

15 – 9 – – 6 – – 60.0 34 5 19 – – 10 – 47.1

1 589 98 325 242 444 148 128 204 16.4 2 690 925 1 196 245 248 52 24 48.0

242 6 60 51 30 48 12 35 14.0 445 89 207 66 58 18 7 31.5

151 7 34 22 54 5 18 11 27.2 186 68 78 34 – – 6 36.6

507 23 103 23 174 41 45 98 11.8 872 349 391 34 92 – 6 53.3

332 21 56 92 74 10 42 37 14.8 509 134 326 23 22 4 – 48.3

204 27 57 28 71 9 8 4 27.9 355 156 110 32 37 20 – 62.3

83 6 9 14 14 25 – 15 7.2 132 65 43 19 5 – – 59.8

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Persons 60 to 64 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 65 to 74 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 75 years and over In households In group quarters Nursing homes

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 60 to 64 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 65 to 74 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 75 years and over Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher

362 998 943 035 258 128 935 752 015 140 125 903 4 283 2 091 882 775 336 199

5 2 1 1 2 1

624 460 174 300 962 728 478 280 467 645 079 007 262 818 238 335 539 332

096 369 007 340 830 548 547 273 666 674 846 086 591 199 650 921 598 221

900 962 414 725 411 388 469 425 305 303 541 895 610 573 755 096 322 864

3 690 70 138 223 605 641 756 1 253

878 916 993 916 410 862 037 744 4.8

497 294 233 478 726 813 953 34.4

1 573 263 323 246 346 182 211

213 612 461 165 263 608 104 23.9

398 10 16 56 97 66 81 72 5.0 348 72 151 25 74 14 12 36.2

27 999 639 2 662 4 051 7 287 5 049 4 037 4 274 7.8 19 813 4 533 7 088 3 039 3 058 1 202 893 31.2

5 913 98 352 653 1 519 1 138 980 1 171

230 207 129 266 008 339 556 725 4.5 4 116 401 635 317 1 302 223 769 350 779 834 311 481 318 196 22.0

70 8 6 12 27 10 3 4 18.6 191 64 41 37 34 10 5 38.2

13 243 523 2 185 2 922 3 413 1 648 1 429 1 123 12.4 19 165 5 427 8 314 2 526 1 727 547 624 39.5

2 676 69 294 471 737 419 317 366

INCOME AND POVERTY STATUS IN 1989 Married-couple families, householder 60 to 64 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 60 to 64 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 65 to 74 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 65 to 74 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 75 years and over Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 75 years and over living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level

140

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

20 763 662 1 370 1 515 3 723 3 518 3 750 6 225 8.9 9 2 2 1 1

479 982 568 518 044 186 962 219 7.4 4 656 252 860 163 1 829 160 781 405 649 437 254 610 281 477 26.5

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

479

Section Five: Census Data

Table 123.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Age, Fertility, and Household and Family Composition for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

United States All persons

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Total

Asian or Pacific Islander

Not of Hispanic origin

Other race

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

AGE All persons Under 3 years 3 and 4 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 45 50 55 60 65 75

to 44 years to 49 years to 54 years to 59 years to 64 years to 74 years years and over Median age

248 10 7 18 17 10 7 18 21 22 19

709 924 339 126 151 064 589 645 286 180 939

873 579 517 901 134 413 506 387 297 737 682

199 8 5 13 12 7 5 14 16 17 16

827 137 508 669 877 560 753 296 610 605 069

064 382 560 939 425 166 714 570 575 327 470

188 7 5 12 11 6 5 13 15 16 15

424 436 054 573 872 990 349 250 480 567 223

773 399 028 070 138 196 956 338 462 169 585

29 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

930 662 092 670 619 521 106 496 701 712 312

524 313 604 822 309 906 299 037 217 045 577

29 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2

17 13 11 10 10 18 12

679 977 488 484 635 218 976

734 898 063 988 762 481 794 33.0

14 11 9 8 9 16 11

539 639 584 921 222 138 691

053 594 468 892 857 327 745 34.4

13 11 9 8 8 15 11

847 109 140 536 879 689 424

443 495 642 844 428 368 212 34.9

1 1 1 1

284 613 061 605 562 491 083 435 637 651 261

596 323 897 216 150 018 071 366 967 166 352

2 015 119 78 197 188 107 73 171 186 181 158

143 287 509 456 374 015 262 619 025 313 133

1 866 107 71 178 172 98 67 157 171 168 147

807 108 080 977 776 354 352 678 694 422 739

7 226 341 232 587 551 338 251 606 688 725 674

986 957 476 783 483 729 940 252 392 669 166

6 994 325 221 563 528 326 242 584 667 705 656

302 043 708 154 391 380 969 387 202 995 197

9 710 663 427 1 000 914 536 404 1 074 1 100 956 725

156 640 368 901 543 597 291 909 088 383 336

239 27 15 32 27 13 8 18 18 18 13

306 557 601 021 723 842 883 991 469 209 872

884 434 220 028 967 1 511 989

046 798 162 282 266 617 224 28.3

1 1 1 1

845 407 197 010 951 1 491 978

354 402 605 470 528 442 269 28.4

133 102 80 64 54 74 43

719 852 866 950 040 320 403 26.9

125 97 76 61 51 71 41

062 177 887 694 577 373 857 27.3

583 417 318 250 215 295 147

890 981 170 248 276 142 432 30.1

568 407 310 243 210 288 143

991 218 181 858 124 994 510 30.3

539 382 284 219 176 199 104

026 673 397 616 323 075 990 24.2

11 7 6 4 4 6 3

161 370 423 887 243 292 762 18.7

FERTILITY Women 15 to 24 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women 25 to 34 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

17 769 944 5 420 229 305 3 726 372 3 462 487 929 21 757 561 28 942 178 1 330 16 431 453 26 088 416 1 588

13 506 701 3 425 411 254 3 038 939 2 654 608 874 17 017 533 21 391 915 1 257 13 482 011 20 568 607 1 526

12 563 441 3 034 019 241 2 794 858 2 380 981 852 15 973 799 19 694 202 1 233 12 680 774 19 047 492 1 502

2 585 136 1 334 675 516 303 504 379 107 1 249 2 872 381 4 634 379 1 613 1 536 979 2 943 447 1 915

2 531 473 1 308 909 517 292 179 366 628 1 255 2 811 676 4 535 251 1 613 1 498 537 2 869 935 1 915

169 637 90 637 534 38 482 49 917 1 297 186 646 352 449 1 888 136 936 294 715 2 152

156 643 84 044 537 35 682 46 340 1 299 173 632 329 016 1 895 127 319 274 789 2 158

Women 35 to 44 years Children ever born Per 1,000 women No children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 children 5 or more children Women ever married Children ever born Per 1,000 women

19 012 425 37 260 340 1 960 3 459 251 3 196 133 6 589 685 3 605 811 1 357 031 804 514 17 154 920 36 033 647 2 100

15 317 704 28 769 752 1 878 2 928 170 2 554 439 5 523 130 2 861 816 978 612 471 537 14 092 322 28 477 832 2 021

14 536 139 26 883 666 1 849 2 822 064 2 445 965 5 294 225 2 687 114 889 572 397 199 13 390 046 26 676 224 1 992

2 255 515 5 075 478 2 250 326 498 435 387 628 185 443 449 227 256 194 740 1 764 689 4 299 316 2 436

2 211 454 4 969 828 2 247 320 130 428 785 616 441 433 628 222 008 190 462 1 728 328 4 206 169 2 434

150 372 2 19 22 41 31 18 16 134 351 2

140 349 2 18 21 38 29 17 15 125 330 2

205 668 481 659 464 220 929 226 707 368 771 618

872 489 481 326 189 803 828 019 707 980 056 620

581 261 91 653 158 82 769 67 530 816 725 215 779 523 1 075 550 528 749 218 1 361

559 320 84 825 152 78 779 63 303 804 704 174 749 205 1 064 534 855 722 289 1 350

927 209 477 853 515 262 678 311 325 1 185 955 786 1 783 912 1 866 724 999 1 532 429 2 114

20 756 7 053 340 3 655 3 828 1 047 18 087 26 796 1 482 12 520 22 890 1 828

672 1 299 1 123 115 244 119 41 28 617 1 285 2

487 946 933 120 288 357 176 685 861 501 080 081

654 1 260 1 120 112 238 115 39 27 601 1 246 2

577 234 925 088 744 961 298 967 519 397 848 073

616 1 742 2 61 68 152 149 91 92 546 1 619 2

514 496 826 804 555 793 441 252 669 040 648 966

12 27 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 10 25 2

382 413 214 210 081 311 383 322 075 696 825 414

7 7 1 1

986 394 820 673 147 678 905 773 756 467 998 675 592

6 6 1 1

302 828 190 756 434 889 269 620 718 808 547 676 474

9 9 2 1

156 277 377 706 671 510 969 541 999 351 391 649 879

239 231 36 24 12 15 8 7 26 121 18 12 7

306 596 724 577 147 783 401 382 380 176 934 599 710

HOUSEHOLD TYPE AND RELATIONSHIP All persons In households Family householder Male Female Nonfamily householder Male Female Spouse Child Other relatives Nonrelatives In group quarters

248 242 65 51 13 26 11 15 51 77 11 9 6

709 050 049 091 957 944 534 409 549 059 647 800 659

Persons per household Persons per family

873 161 428 846 582 154 397 757 544 019 867 149 712

199 194 53 44 9 23 9 13 44 58 6 7 4

827 852 845 381 463 061 683 378 921 988 680 354 974

2.63 3.16

064 135 200 844 356 780 509 271 347 886 709 213 929

188 183 51 42 8 22 9 13 42 54 5 6 4

424 679 337 479 858 410 351 059 985 625 617 702 745

2.54 3.06

773 704 479 130 349 268 069 199 787 916 630 624 069

29 28 7 3 3 2 1 1 3 10 3 1 1

930 665 055 583 471 886 291 595 403 921 074 324 264

2.51 3.03

524 816 063 213 850 787 687 100 863 567 395 141 708

29 28 6 3 3 2 1 1 3 10 3 1 1

284 064 927 517 409 840 268 571 339 675 002 279 219

2.87 3.46

596 805 208 631 577 175 394 781 637 551 296 938 791

2 015 143 1 952 539 463 968 309 410 154 558 161 399 83 327 78 072 310 579 751 748 146 374 118 471 62 604

1 866 807 1 811 093 436 752 291 768 144 984 152 074 78 214 73 860 292 848 687 750 133 707 107 962 55 714

2.87 3.46

3.08 3.57

3.07 3.56

226 074 577 308 269 442 244 197 1 504 2 505 686 356 152

994 847 535 277 257 429 238 191 1 468 2 408 662 342 146

3.29 3.74

710 505 107 508 598 391 230 160 1 408 3 891 1 059 646 204

3.29 3.74

3.82 4.06

190 455 822 101 352 402 964 771 114 270 242 404 376 117

2 107 377 1 472 083 822 175 1 417 905 1 025 655 594 035 488 693 345 122 166 223 200 273 166 802 58 727 25 256 109 234 3 543 049 62.1

669.76 84.54

FAMILY TYPE BY PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN Families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Married-couple families With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Female householder, no husband present With own children under 18 years With own children under 6 years Subfamilies With own children under 18 years Married-couple subfamilies With own children under 18 years Mother-child subfamilies

65 31 14 51 24 11 10 5 2 2 2

049 364 646 718 224 806 381 865 300 572 193 611 232 1 586

428 670 378 214 117 198 654 147 192 170 137 488 455 814

53 24 11 45 20 9 6 3 1 1 1

845 687 433 178 338 857 540 443 222 425 169 420 163 810

200 700 634 672 573 980 382 573 520 738 266 134 662 006

51 23 10 43 19 9 6 3 1 1 1

337 183 654 342 218 253 058 146 095 218 001 354 136 700

479 692 479 946 899 420 841 813 480 744 121 488 865 195

Persons under 18 years Percent living with two parents

63 606 544 71.8

47 753 472 79.3

43 925 831 80.4

3 187 772 3 042 642 81 343 63 787

2 473 499 2 348 349 72 485 52 665

2 327 672 2 208 275 69 315 50 082

91 993 582 2 416 716

76 906 980 1 358 998

73 747 747 1 173 474

4 488 360 905 979

2 788 518 663 925

2 398 111 610 147

7 3 1 3 1

055 985 806 521 865 862 3 045 1 901 840 783 757 48 22 608

063 084 391 382 571 387 283 114 827 745 249 619 123 623

9 566 954 36.8

6 3 1 3 1

927 901 762 458 824 840 2 993 1 864 822 772 747 46 21 601

208 825 562 050 964 031 086 585 969 397 132 655 390 140

9 333 604 36.7

463 281 138 305 178 88 121 80 38 37 34 4 2 23

968 698 756 156 736 960 370 840 040 017 535 994 512 985

436 264 129 288 167 83 113 75 35 34 32 4 2 22

752 035 501 308 980 086 658 511 406 537 328 540 331 446

1 577 938 445 1 295 815 402 185 94 32 125 65 79 18 34

820 105 422 099 582 836 926 498 582 397 285 014 902 966

1 535 911 432 1 265 796 393 176 88 30 121 62 77 18 33

690 641 55.7

628 295 55.9

2 052 428 82.2

1 964 676 82.9

538 683 525 330

45 554 44 191 588 775

42 571 41 382 517 672

48 517 46 325 1 300 892

45 398 43 375 1 183 840

9 941 850 725 413

9 767 383 715 385

625 367 33 550

588 826 31 616

2 020 498 115 178

999 031 149 992

974 950 145 667

49 173 8 106

45 124 7 247

239 073 30 025

36 22 11 24 14 7 9 6 3 2 2

724 494 700 115 554 751 459 538 147 950 561 638 249 1 871

116 744 59.3

UNMARRIED-PARTNER HOUSEHOLDS Total Male and female Both male Both female

460 447 4 7

087 983 619 485

449 437 4 7

160 155 2 1

115 794 351 970

2 923 2 789 99 35

1 965 079 111 578

2 498 887 183 577

52 507 2 162

231 419 28 631

412 565 53 931

4 804 840

SELECTED LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Households With one or more subfamilies With related members 15 years and over other than spouse, children, parents, or parents-in-law of householder With roomer, boarder, or foster child 15 years and over

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

480

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

141

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 124.

Section Five: Census Data

Education, Ability to Speak English, and Disability for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

United States All persons

Total

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Asian or Pacific Islander

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Other race

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND TYPE OF SCHOOL Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school Preprimary school Public school Elementary or high school Public school College Public college Persons 3 years and over enrolled in school 3 and 4 years 5 to 14 years 15 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 years and over Persons 18 to 24 years Percent enrolled in college Persons 16 to 19 years Percent not enrolled, not high school graduate

64 4 2 42 38 17 13 64 2 32 9 4 6 5 4 26

987 503 679 566 379 917 805 987 118 655 294 974 267 064 612 234

101 285 029 788 689 028 534 101 735 517 846 321 157 093 432 893 34.4 14 315 448 11.2

Persons 18 to 24 years High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Females 25 years and over Less than 5th grade 5th to 8th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate degree, occupational program Associate degree, academic program Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree

26 8 9 1 158 4 12 22 47 29 5 4 20 11 83 2 6 12 26 15 2 2 10 4

234 126 941 991 868 271 230 841 642 779 233 558 832 477 654 161 546 360 850 520 920 538 015 739

Persons 25 years and over less than 5th grade high school graduate or higher some college or higher bachelor’s degree or higher Males 25 to 34 years Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher

158 868 436 2.7 75.2 45.2 20.3 21 709 473 82.7 22.9

Females 25 to 34 years Percent high school graduate or higher Percent bachelor’s degree or higher

21 757 561 85.5 22.6

49 3 2 31 28 14 10 49 1 24 7 3 4 3 3 20

273 619 033 537 071 116 811 273 606 605 030 828 905 740 557 050

838 904 215 361 143 573 273 838 278 376 379 687 399 005 714 284 35.9 10 799 495 10.0 20 6 8 1 132 2 9 17 40 25 4 3 18 10 69 1 5 9 23 13 2 2 8 4

050 197 082 722 023 399 406 355 891 221 442 861 337 107 252 200 018 404 179 060 473 142 661 110

45 3 1 28 25 13 10 45 1 22 6 3 4 3 3 18

645 427 904 894 648 323 174 645 503 666 524 596 612 433 308 600

771 660 040 611 132 500 247 771 875 265 253 690 543 452 693 294 36.8 10 015 571 9.2 18 5 7 1 125 1 8 16 39 24 4 3 17 9 66

600 799 705 670 898 694 439 228 521 285 286 698 902 842 108 836 512 834 434 587 392 056 452 000

9 269 563 427 6 642 6 259 2 064 1 626 9 269 338 4 878 1 382 684 700 675 608 3 602

910 019 560 519 803 372 861 910 893 558 723 234 969 830 703 336 27.1 2 129 072 13.7

9 050 549 417 6 486 6 118 2 014 1 590 9 050 330 4 765 1 355 670 681 656 590 3 518

487 510 528 700 646 277 032 487 438 882 356 103 566 192 950 437 27.1 2 085 687 13.6

635 41 34 467 444 127 106 635 19 357 95 39 39 43 40 244

992 421 573 518 226 053 465 992 813 150 485 683 474 793 594 881 21.6 143 769 18.1

581 38 32 426 405 117 98 581 18 325 87 36 36 39 37 225

667 054 015 488 984 125 281 667 155 790 979 630 044 652 417 030 21.7 132 311 17.9

2 552 132 67 1 446 1 280 973 729 2 552 70 1 059 322 210 355 316 217 858

671 582 445 890 058 199 252 671 729 662 079 889 538 058 716 192 55.1 480 997 5.4

2 468 127 64 1 389 1 229 950 712 2 468 68 1 015 310 204 347 309 211 827

194 807 475 391 058 996 444 194 182 756 791 866 155 877 567 356 55.8 463 731 5.2

3 254 146 116 2 472 2 324 635 531 3 254 83 1 754 464 210 265 288 187 1 479

690 359 236 500 459 831 683 690 022 771 180 828 777 407 705 200 20.5 762 115 24.2

93 8 5 67 60 17 13 93 4 54 12 5 6 6 4 27

916 174 101 976 661 766 109 916 474 462 460 570 612 050 288 874 31.9 17 666 14.6

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Percent Percent Percent Percent

893 562 932 840 436 677 534 507 763 777 002 923 567 686 171 459 831 377 606 115 672 505 766 840

284 735 861 489 308 702 967 153 202 246 356 226 917 539 013 562 665 264 568 799 486 909 760 000

294 374 438 422 648 096 213 529 862 302 595 475 015 561 006 966 548 508 508 768 632 521 135 420

3 602 336 1 239 271 1 107 360 121 791 16 761 234 757 575 1 548 870 3 881 407 4 680 594 3 101 292 475 567 410 551 1 261 090 644 288 9 257 807 363 978 857 047 2 131 892 2 559 021 1 738 237 284 688 239 853 717 007 366 084

3 518 437 1 215 500 1 084 627 119 287 16 432 555 725 663 1 501 132 3 805 008 4 607 134 3 050 083 467 177 401 896 1 241 290 633 172 9 088 653 346 642 831 437 2 094 616 2 522 038 1 711 863 280 113 235 204 706 327 360 413

244 83 67 5 1 079 50 100 220 313 224 40 28 65 34 562 26 51 117 163 118 21 15 32 15

132 023 308 1.8 77.9 46.9 21.5 17 198 369 86.0 25.0

125 898 648 1.3 79.1 47.7 22.0 16 073 832 87.8 25.9

16 761 234 4.5 63.1 35.2 11.4 2 540 881 74.2 10.9

16 432 555 4.4 63.3 35.3 11.4 2 477 457 74.6 11.0

1 079 621 4.7 65.5 36.5 9.3 180 692 71.7 7.2

1 013 482 4.4 66.0 36.6 9.4 166 484 72.6 7.3

4 316 366 6.9 77.5 59.0 36.6 688 846 87.2 43.6

4 202 270 6.9 77.7 59.3 37.0 669 023 87.6 44.4

4 687 907 16.4 43.4 23.0 6.0 1 100 685 50.3 6.7

94 688 8.6 63.6 39.2 15.1 18 591 71.6 15.8

17 017 533 88.5 24.5

15 973 799 90.0 25.2

2 872 381 78.8 13.3

2 811 676 79.1 13.3

186 646 74.9 7.8

173 632 75.4 7.9

725 215 84.7 39.9

704 174 84.9 40.4

955 786 54.7 7.2

18 087 73.0 15.2

27 175 607 1 707 777 397 181 1 215 904 60 312 34 380 658 044 142 328 473 811 26 677 15 228

26 609 376 1 319 051 310 572 935 540 45 753 27 186 459 701 106 669 325 170 17 415 10 447

1 817 432 94 301 21 14 167 41 107 10 8

347 761 960 226 970 605 612 375 532 579 126

1 688 375 82 259 19 13 142 36 88 9 7

619 375 089 830 887 569 348 207 858 701 582

6 652 553 4 878 530 896 940 3 618 339 236 355 126 896 2 555 424 379 325 1 911 768 167 973 96 358

6 447 551 4 761 884 875 203 3 531 931 231 122 123 628 2 506 659 371 597 1 875 817 165 009 94 236

8 7 1 5

148 132 036 307 750 039 688 081 932 880 795

196 87 24 58 3 1 37 8 26 1 1

148 718 333 230 341 814 438 113 557 706 062

86 25 398 183 43 127 7 4

770 919 581 943 621 474 543

32 1 755 81 22 49 5 4

310 292 800 760 303 317 420

27 1 633 67 19 39 4 4

563 389 785 059 739 871 116

542 402 6 500 628 1 572 006 366 366 1 070 211 88 226 47 203

533 602 6 301 727 1 546 963 360 073 1 053 533 86 928 46 429

682 087 8 417 666 2 185 933 593 677 1 487 768 65 963 38 525

6 188 21 6 12

882 553 040 813 861 872 494

17 591 009 1 716 953 644 755 132 315 1 418 663 1 953 042 575 222 1 215 005 15 637 967 11 964 202 1 457 487 347 949 234 224 236 675 898 448 364 427 303 246 232 865

1 236 94 46 9 71 168 62 90 1 067 775 72 16 12 9 40 15 12 9

191 896 073 958 397 266 681 482 925 459 864 096 135 821 188 209 879 180

1 154 88 42 8 66 158 58 85 995 721 69 15 11 9 38 14 12 8

181 161 965 901 190 712 617 933 469 132 937 439 675 379 705 609 352 807

4 903 297 96 35 255 205 81 100 4 697 3 452 293 48 29 33 140 45 36 27

4 764 287 92 33 246 197 78 96 4 567 3 350 287 47 28 32 137 44 35 26

6 074 410 158 48 332 415 140 241 5 658 4 219 197 41 30 25 99 39 34 25

116 8 3 1 7 9 3 4 106 79 6 1

4 8 22 12 2 2 8 4

881 309 252 089 621 552 662 900 783 300 426 495 512 991 703 399 569 140 733 641 071 626 661 863

225 77 62 4 1 013 45 93 206 297 210 38 26 62 32 529 23 47 110 155 111 19 14 31 14

030 269 292 790 482 082 071 924 883 661 086 529 330 916 782 751 923 218 365 837 880 648 178 982

858 213 371 112 4 316 296 261 411 799 634 169 165 978 600 2 282 192 165 235 464 316 88 92 515 210

192 094 306 580 366 660 234 508 206 810 200 109 338 301 675 850 589 312 698 915 196 715 986 414

827 203 360 110 4 202 289 251 395 773 613 164 160 959 594 2 221 188 159 226 451 306 85 90 505 207

356 513 084 607 270 301 184 822 144 664 602 613 816 124 712 958 895 748 280 105 694 347 169 516

1 479 393 313 29 4 687 767 912 972 957 598 105 93 189 90 2 298 377 453 471 483 285 53 47 88 37

200 153 153 891 907 188 801 539 978 129 453 542 710 567 973 670 961 769 586 523 231 402 352 479

27 8 9 1 94 8 9 16 23 17 2 2 8 5 48 4 5 8 12 8 1 1 4 2

874 459 006 143 688 168 389 915 108 595 772 471 919 351 499 438 042 862 129 494 471 482 346 235

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH Persons 5 years and over Speak a language other than English 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Do not speak English " very well" 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

230 31 6 21 2 1 13 2 9

445 844 322 707 118 695 982 388 793 992 808

777 979 934 874 454 717 502 243 186 887 186

186 17 3 11 1 1 6 1 4

181 693 107 543 618 424 879 075 525 661 617

122 779 817 098 067 797 734 134 143 778 679

175 10 1 6 1 1 3

934 084 434 213 238 197 119 415 1 831 420 452

346 653 470 758 535 890 561 420 436 624 081

2 223 7 1 4

936 812 741 763 968 556 453

596 984 259 173 023 681 382

1 548 004 181 218 716 3 603 368 709 670 2 153 631 384 249 355 818

769 053 171 199 300 1 373 213 183 082 693 029 240 469 256 633

131 25 920 298 70 207 12 7

157 323 922 7 214 762 3 452 631 790 024 5 383 939 12 826 449 5 043 990 6 594 029 144 497 473 114 652 861 17 933 552 2 392 089 1 631 650 1 509 219 11 629 959 3 551 352 2 980 270 2 014 865

127 150 091 4 654 408 2 491 572 558 897 3 272 137 10 050 712 4 173 575 4 926 795 117 099 379 93 996 244 15 893 128 1 932 179 1 321 804 1 200 358 10 440 708 3 082 088 2 589 275 1 717 445

120 057 461 4 219 199 2 307 989 501 848 2 927 081 9 571 612 4 002 838 4 658 920 110 485 849 88 982 245 15 448 902 1 853 209 1 267 375 1 150 239 10 188 216 2 987 337 2 509 478 1 659 547

17 960 071 1 757 613 660 083 136 922 1 452 741 1 986 413 585 520 1 234 848 15 973 658 12 208 834 1 477 171 352 909 237 512 239 966 908 745 368 611 306 626 235 810

619 132 826 029 181 95 3 721 750 2 774 125 70

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH IN HOUSEHOLD Linguistically isolated households Persons 5 years and over in households In linguistically isolated households 5 to 17 years 18 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

793 682 152 700 110 926 416

DISABILITY STATUS OF CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS Persons 16 to 64 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation In labor force With a self-care limitation With a work disability In labor force Prevented from working No work disability In labor force Persons 65 to 74 years With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation Persons 75 years and over With a mobility or self-care limitation With a mobility limitation With a self-care limitation

142

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

212 639 213 319 005 612 640 763 600 728 197 926 663 503 949 531 933 391

439 549 813 941 569 051 084 503 388 642 110 398 801 420 126 356 992 669

357 206 690 928 659 446 574 141 911 596 192 979 536 571 369 913 557 039

635 991 461 160 266 864 963 928 771 603 250 212 752 845 3 544 1 294 983 769

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

481

Section Five: Census Data

Table 125.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Geographic Mobility, Commuting, and Industry of Employed Persons for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

United States All persons

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

596 782 650 666 337 568 107 654 466 182 702 582 814 344 470

2 015 143 1 968 224 1 403 322 549 140 35 981 121 546 191 222 200 391 15 762 1 752 1 021 12 989 46 919 16 885 30 034

1 866 807 1 839 625 1 312 371 516 232 34 263 116 782 182 763 182 424 11 022 194 556 10 272 27 182 11 870 15 312

7 226 986 2 668 242 1 838 871 567 800 105 598 90 697 105 754 265 751 261 571 4 473 46 977 210 121 4 558 744 1 830 508 2 728 236

6 994 302 2 524 043 1 735 464 542 732 101 467 88 640 100 097 252 528 245 847 776 41 753 203 318 4 470 259 1 790 657 2 679 602

9 710 156 6 026 609 4 418 356 884 712 148 649 110 294 328 902 296 867 723 541 573 481 34 114 115 946 3 683 547 820 843 2 862 704

239 181 132 41 9 7 14 8 7 1

376 481 997 366 631 512 119 270 454 783 612 264 890 744

1 817 859 939 537 402 212 190 12 35 61 81

1 688 809 867 491 375 197 177 11 33 58 74

6 2 2 1 1

6 2 2 1 1

551 503 846 810 036 541 495 600 056 366 473 579 12 858 1 184 765

8 3 4 2 1

148 495 402 982 420 492 928 865 822 938 303 512 429 310

196 85 95 59 36 18 17 4 2 5 4

416 063 310 753 1.15 1 711 951 1 131 510 18 214 450 492 58 822 2 915 49 998 8 957 34 194 520 053 129 445 129 753 25.2

724 608 472 135

673 569 443 125

3 381 333 2 694 332 2 077 175 617 157 1.14 381 611 195 839 6 178 147 967 24 516 1 596 5 515 5 246 17 190 188 293 25 484 69 177 25.5

3 281 943 2 615 255 2 017 780 597 475 1.14 370 442 188 868 6 070 144 464 24 196 1 515 5 329 5 002 16 748 183 332 24 166 66 998 25.5

3 841 412 3 006 844 2 094 327 912 517 1.21 466 427 303 012 3 748 142 230 10 467 953 6 017 8 799 27 633 216 706 55 847 59 156 24.3

76 57 43 13

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

PLACE OF BIRTH, NATIVITY, AND CITIZENSHIP All persons Native Born in State of residence Born in a different State Northeast Midwest South West Born abroad Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Born abroad of American parents Foreign born Naturalized citizen Not a citizen

248 228 153 72 16 21 24 9 3 1

709 942 684 011 772 287 366 585 246 190 191 864 767 996 770

873 557 685 141 309 172 640 020 731 533 913 285 316 998 318

199 189 125 61 15 19 17 8 2

445 796 540 675 864 279 585 346 854 588 795 213 73 4 821

777 970 097 635 462 165 297 471 669 749 408 886 764 060

186 101 82 45 37 18 18 3 4 6 4

274 932 298 634 1.09 069 589 445 000 78 130 755 476 574 052 37 497 179 434 237 404 466 856 488 886 808 582 406 025 22.3

95 84 72 11

1 19 7 11

827 804 986 816 569 959 785 501 001 560 64 375 022 843 179

064 252 730 425 445 706 456 818 097 612 754 731 812 090 722

188 182 120 60 15 19 17 8 1

181 490 193 061 131 935 196 658 263 180 093 108 31 2 357

122 046 690 802 888 004 884 880 869 604 531 432 633 321

175 96 77 41 35 18 17 3 4 5 3

551 232 206 026 1.08 406 567 761 847 49 059 972 246 476 826 31 618 114 971 211 514 382 010 501 785 583 175 123 268 21.8

90 80 69 10

1 10 4 5

424 257 539 450 297 777 347 028 266 27 32 206 167 717 449

773 430 891 863 629 290 095 849 676 466 590 620 343 537 806

29 28 20 8

934 794 552 906 645 127 518 492 186 965 873 9 25 1 551

346 335 317 824 493 262 231 322 391 552 966 953 872 869

27 14 12 8 4 1 2

092 006 934 072 1.08 980 891 496 905 44 933 842 418 458 715 30 241 107 679 200 490 351 525 281 172 530 917 026 091 21.7

11 8 6 2

1 6 3 2

930 475 037 193 912 1 004 5 955 320 244 50 45 149 1 455 485 969

524 230 406 064 636 929 306 193 760 215 047 498 294 672 622

29 28 19 8

284 081 785 115 882 996 5 926 310 180 4 36 139 1 202 403 799

607 121 981 985 996 409 587 852 825 883 027 521 084 900

26 14 12 8 3 1 2

755 909 774 135 1.15 1 784 576 1 162 263 18 801 487 564 61 364 3 079 51 505 9 168 35 109 537 389 131 759 133 845 25.3

11 8 6 2

4 58 17 40

306 238 677 112 810 606 809 887 449 938 622 889 068 294 774

RESIDENCE IN 1985 Persons 5 years and over Same house Different house in the United States Same county Different county Same State Different State Northeast Midwest South West Puerto Rico U.S. outlying area Elsewhere

230 122 102 58 43 22 21 4 4 7 4

175 266 439 435 003 897 106 435 391 1 018 260 9 20 439

609 024 176 275 901 844 057 413 387 1 003 252 1 17 388

347 045 731 202 529 129 400 383 222 434 361 315 446 17 810

619 059 020 506 514 618 896 460 602 050 784 51 342 12 147

652 595 837 663 173 566 607 133 110 167 195 1 14 1 204

553 263 293 664 629 131 498 491 931 890 186 106 172 719

447 508 740 601 139 548 590 130 109 163 187

619 586 129 976 152 668 483 105 52 159 165 94 7 801

148 068 080 024 056 120 936 728 519 700 989 282 133 15 585

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK AND TRAVEL TIME TO WORK Workers 16 years and over Car, truck, or van Drove alone Carpooled Persons per car, truck, or van Public transportation Bus or trolley bus Streetcar or trolley car Subway or elevated Railroad Ferryboat Taxicab Motorcycle Bicycle Walked Other means Worked at home Mean travel time to work (minutes)

115 99 84 15 6 3 1

4 3

070 592 215 377

3 1

3 3

708 500 860 640

2 1

3 3

988 617 913 703

414 782 710 072

192 658 621 036

223 615 816 799 1.14 30 408 22 039 344 5 469 879 251 1 426 2 677 4 914 44 713 12 317 20 579 21.8

406 007 683 324 1.14 25 390 18 671 296 4 081 764 247 1 331 2 417 4 331 41 501 11 507 19 253 21.6

394 269 811 458 1.15 9 747 5 638 177 3 367 345 39 181 200 589 5 485 1 210 1 894 24.0

INDUSTRY Employed persons 16 years and over Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill and finished textile products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Durable goods Furniture, lumber, and wood products Metal industries Machinery and computer equipment Electrical equipment and components, except computer Transportation equipment Transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Food, bakery, and dairy stores Eating and drinking places Banking and credit agencies Insurance, real estate, and other finance Business and repair services Private households Other personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Hospitals Health services, except hospitals Educational services Public administration

115 681 202 3 115 372 723 423 7 214 763 20 8 1 1 1 12 1 1 2

91 447 312 2 438 043 630 499 5 921 492

11 407 150 31 476

803 747 470 307

11 184 147 31 464

939 020 161 973

728 25 8 61

953 445 386 635

677 23 8 57

843 293 155 268

3 411 45 5 104

586 306 845 924

3 312 43 5 100

806 327 630 070

3 895 246 20 308

299 072 991 281

76 786 1 618 286 4 195

462 053 405 809 941 408 276 965 362

078 234 723 199 923 844 578 144 588

16 6 1 1 1 10 1 1 2

899 532 108 097 071 485 339 463 374 609 577 628 3 040 1 636

173 532 003 059 026 666 390 979 916 954 462 510 186 460

1 2 4 2 4 16 2 4 1 4 4

247 690 994 503 077

22 3 3 8 4

1 2 5 3 5 19 3 5 2 5 5

26 5 4 9 5

998 204 477 633 538

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

482

96 237 561 2 647 802 656 731 6 263 616 890 483 073 285 705 406 063 672 074

055 339 263 588 760 716 188 474 207

16 006 769 6 106 767 991 387 1 168 280 1 641 060 9 900 002 1 011 586 1 591 359 2 000 374

1 961 916 181 305 132 1 044 128 167 131

469 855 040 421 120 614 000 622 417

1 922 898 178 297 128 1 023 126 164 129

160 660 228 912 836 500 256 609 121

117 44 9 12 8 72 12 10 10

389 934 855 325 074 455 545 703 910

109 41 9 11 7 67 11 9 10

085 897 092 512 494 188 903 967 213

632 236 41 91 44 395 14 27 80

058 568 685 361 755 490 176 903 350

616 230 40 89 43 385 13 27 78

500 617 107 764 535 883 620 063 797

861 371 99 114 51 489 58 86 65

107 538 880 504 214 569 669 442 704

13 5 1 1 1 8

555 115 081 587 394 364 814 274 965 895 598 381 2 345 1 405

462 135 444 090 632 128 883 860 795 297 006 932 305 978

1 2 3 2 4 15 2 3 1 4 4

017 043 866 550 987 589 533 672 343 583 679 683 676 665

144 260 699 358 328 1 611 268 573 242 428 561 163 366 122

908 039 951 348 670 127 777 498 159 538 612 907 248 681

141 257 687 353 320 1 574 261 560 237 419 546 159 357 119

925 252 167 752 104 195 597 893 184 466 651 532 583 261

10 13 31 19 23 118 21 40 7 21 33 5 22 12

033 531 583 386 251 938 323 573 357 343 516 073 619 491

9 12 29 18 21 109 19 36 6 19 30 4 20 11

180 664 159 148 176 046 423 835 869 842 606 385 770 600

117 73 141 61 145 692 115 288 101 152 150 16 156 44

565 424 280 982 540 411 723 623 194 679 934 804 471 051

115 71 136 59 141 673 112 281 98 148 145 15 151 42

284 487 363 753 898 522 645 611 441 523 930 704 503 382

71 70 153 70 178 699 118 286 58 112 233 60 149 51

205 403 745 253 933 062 684 425 411 097 394 794 543 259

1 1 3 1 2 14 2 5 1 2 4

320 245 334 442 430

21 3 3 7 4

756 909 623 960 132

3 056 847 527 1 034 847

755 519 437 407 814

3 006 832 517 1 021 838

719 843 554 801 011

162 29 28 59 58

069 510 742 453 472

152 27 27 56 55

650 631 133 415 791

824 231 135 250 136

104 905 092 221 003

802 224 131 245 130

488 970 066 083 772

563 121 98 192 127

999 511 389 980 358

16 3 2 5 3

391 974 688 096 368

473 034 871 484 169 486 666 958 873 717 322 313 2 164 1 336 539 805 543 789 169

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

934 532 160 488 179 402 688 1 187 1 115 385 332 445 850 952 535 556 207 552 926 811 934 2 748 1 345 224 550 766 238 431

143

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 126.

Section Five: Census Data

Labor Force Characteristics for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

United States

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

All persons

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

191 829 271 125 182 378 65.3 1 708 928 123 473 450 115 681 202 89 428 871 7 792 248 6.3 66 646 893 3 232 910 99 803 358 56 672 949 56.8 185 700 56 487 249 52 976 623 36 418 960 3 510 626 6.2 43 130 409 1 487 110 7 342 263 2 962 432 670 528 3 562 362 9 469 385 6 419 967 768 405 1 806 836 52 743 194 44 842 502 2 450 753 4 553 238

157 119 373 102 800 818 65.4 1 275 082 101 525 736 96 237 561 74 240 108 5 288 175 5.2 54 318 555 2 360 364 81 541 169 45 947 179 56.3 120 552 45 826 627 43 515 117 29 467 638 2 311 510 5.0 35 593 990 1 309 391 5 543 693 2 453 192 460 692 2 521 228 7 263 216 5 154 588 507 787 1 248 963 42 937 054 37 589 632 1 691 210 2 966 583

149 164 557 97 467 714 65.3 1 224 593 96 243 121 91 447 312 70 470 721 4 795 809 5.0 51 696 843 2 245 385 77 546 546 43 705 520 56.4 115 037 43 590 483 41 499 763 28 036 488 2 090 720 4.8 33 841 026 1 285 589 5 127 602 2 290 734 415 598 2 317 348 6 699 767 4 749 099 453 974 1 158 783 40 590 845 35 660 537 1 540 404 2 726 457

21 386 343 13 413 487 62.7 318 306 13 095 181 11 407 803 8 873 999 1 687 378 12.9 7 972 856 722 050 11 597 691 6 901 351 59.5 53 709 6 847 642 6 015 288 4 470 242 832 354 12.2 4 696 340 149 200 1 072 640 256 572 137 333 650 894 1 212 585 611 066 170 514 343 341 5 686 136 3 921 380 501 719 1 114 548

20 953 608 13 148 010 62.7 312 409 12 835 601 11 184 939 8 698 736 1 650 662 12.9 7 805 598 694 255 11 380 034 6 780 080 59.6 52 756 6 727 324 5 912 329 4 394 169 814 995 12.1 4 599 954 146 195 1 049 522 250 508 134 514 637 250 1 180 150 594 380 166 944 332 834 5 553 288 3 835 381 489 990 1 082 109

1 395 009 865 703 62.1 14 391 851 312 728 953 548 730 122 359 14.4 529 306 31 375 714 654 393 437 55.1 2 017 391 420 340 042 235 857 51 378 13.1 321 217 7 261 74 536 21 985 9 190 41 984 88 901 48 798 13 825 21 626 411 828 284 470 44 164 76 893

1 303 471 805 342 61.8 13 070 792 272 677 843 510 624 114 429 14.4 498 129 27 578 670 320 367 687 54.9 1 791 365 896 317 921 220 995 47 975 13.1 302 633 6 760 68 324 19 893 8 396 38 838 81 127 44 125 12 836 19 916 383 430 264 104 41 618 71 913

5 403 615 3 645 946 67.5 42 866 3 603 080 3 411 586 2 690 953 191 494 5.3 1 757 669 23 391 2 810 588 1 688 145 60.1 4 063 1 684 082 1 590 897 1 174 018 93 185 5.5 1 122 443 8 954 247 569 73 407 14 626 157 048 311 767 179 585 16 824 105 474 1 630 771 1 382 945 56 378 165 205

5 250 388 3 535 560 67.3 39 799 3 495 761 3 312 806 2 613 609 182 955 5.2 1 714 828 21 914 2 729 681 1 634 863 59.9 3 791 1 631 072 1 542 268 1 138 449 88 804 5.4 1 094 818 8 646 239 106 70 119 13 828 152 885 301 043 172 303 16 091 103 534 1 587 581 1 347 821 54 087 161 225

6 524 931 4 456 424 68.3 58 283 4 398 141 3 895 299 3 075 081 502 842 11.4 2 068 507 95 730 3 139 256 1 742 837 55.5 5 359 1 737 478 1 515 279 1 071 205 222 199 12.8 1 396 419 12 304 403 825 157 276 48 687 191 208 592 916 425 930 59 455 87 432 2 077 405 1 664 075 157 282 230 009

131 345 86 682 66.0 1 710 84 972 76 786 56 689 8 186 9.6 44 663 3 206 66 661 39 113 58.7 182 38 931 35 156 23 427 3 775 9.7 27 548 733 8 776 3 256 819 4 461 9 719 6 053 765 2 325 37 883 29 051 2 571 5 565

Males 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Males 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

9 957 003 6 377 542 294 523 3 279 732 4 555 259 1 269 464 3 285 795 2 675 255 7 958 809 930 288 7 028 521 6 289 799 6 973 185 2 880 619 541 322 3 530 010

8 640 902 5 620 921 236 665 2 779 018 4 046 612 1 141 235 2 905 377 2 346 126 7 146 727 843 331 6 303 396 5 613 410 5 255 802 2 398 515 359 046 2 484 743

8 301 214 5 397 856 219 790 2 679 426 3 925 161 1 103 791 2 821 370 2 276 120 6 973 422 820 989 6 152 433 5 473 801 4 887 969 2 272 538 326 918 2 275 849

869 471 34 362 356 81 274 239 591 60 530 495 1 056 276 128 645

733 369 837 965 341 965 376 385 217 825 392 995 432 106 329 828

854 462 33 357 351 80 271 236 584 59 524 490 1 036 270 126 633

668 491 927 688 373 248 125 573 573 935 638 680 165 698 027 450

55 27 3 25 20 4 15 13 28 2 26 24 69 20 7 41

995 507 085 359 108 363 745 416 987 505 482 303 233 236 523 192

53 25 2 24 19 4 15 12 27 2 25 23 63 18 6 38

202 948 945 272 298 095 203 987 770 416 354 274 987 442 982 323

205 145 7 51 76 26 50 41 120 15 105 97 233 73 10 149

333 196 962 987 895 527 368 780 692 548 144 104 428 165 857 039

200 141 7 50 75 25 49 40 117 15 102 94 224 69 10 144

301 691 737 702 140 847 293 902 536 165 371 511 625 861 038 386

185 112 11 60 55 15 39 34 71 8 63 58 358 112 35 209

040 549 974 403 303 374 929 548 186 079 107 987 290 597 567 208

4 169 2 574 227 1 352 1 636 406 1 230 1 042 2 501 319 2 182 1 941 8 890 3 318 690 4 882

Females 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Females 55 to 64 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

9 176 002 5 946 615 605 852 2 564 310 53 809 217 37 761 559 2 079 910 13 863 239 11 163 747 4 894 548 199 774 6 068 702

7 033 354 4 822 599 368 091 1 805 452 43 111 433 30 815 968 1 361 135 10 865 027 9 503 847 4 173 827 155 951 5 173 539

6 550 571 4 546 923 329 885 1 638 321 40 777 951 29 393 493 1 226 933 10 091 082 9 115 058 4 016 959 143 442 4 954 178

1 283 662 171 431 6 578 4 424 494 1 630 1 125 505 26 593

452 335 765 333 709 857 029 433 815 641 502 541

1 255 648 168 420 6 447 4 350 483 1 584 1 107 497 25 583

216 666 572 277 558 497 205 916 330 887 737 581

82 39 9 32 431 251 31 146 62 22 1 38

718 895 552 551 080 698 853 514 995 406 953 636

76 36 8 30 403 235 29 136 60 21 1 36

551 680 888 360 551 816 831 976 069 447 798 824

294 168 13 111 1 777 1 203 59 511 260 121 6 131

485 071 326 968 497 710 948 318 191 478 890 768

283 161 12 108 1 728 1 169 57 499 253 118 6 128

344 052 688 546 203 360 327 178 681 038 685 903

481 253 43 183 1 910 1 065 132 709 210 71 8 131

993 715 118 006 498 326 945 947 899 196 478 218

9 272 5 432 743 3 027 37 621 23 552 2 104 11 853 4 961 2 238 173 2 550

Females 65 to 69 years In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989 Females 70 years and over In labor force Not in labor force Did not work in 1989

5 604 944 4 660 4 202 13 076 632 12 444 11 840

849 717 132 287 358 342 016 761

4 904 822 4 082 3 675 11 732 549 11 182 10 628

414 170 244 743 319 334 985 686

4 754 797 3 956 3 559 11 460 535 10 925 10 379

245 974 271 605 752 427 325 637

507 91 415 377 1 045 66 979 939

624 626 998 408 659 452 207 939

500 90 409 371 1 033 65 967 928

406 408 998 844 359 627 732 887

24 3 20 18 44 2 41 39

292 744 548 589 336 560 776 694

23 3 19 17 42 2 40 38

219 557 662 755 943 455 488 449

98 18 80 73 146 8 138 133

240 228 012 041 747 409 338 512

96 17 78 71 143 8 135 130

264 866 398 625 564 157 407 683

70 8 61 57 107 5 101 98

279 949 330 506 297 587 710 930

2 030 332 1 698 1 489 3 887 349 3 538 3 313

99 15 9 16 12

358 818 156 186 705

81 11 6 12 9

169 162 350 335 938

77 10 6 12 9

546 368 068 829 574

034 998 650 146 465

714 147 78 142 97

654 285 910 961 957

670 137 73 134 92

320 386 761 340 263

2 810 515 295 553 404

588 031 743 642 696

2 729 499 286 538 392

681 425 438 274 531

3 139 829 417 643 409

256 281 556 629 097

LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 years and over In labor force Percent of persons 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Females 16 years and over In labor force Percent of females 16 years and over Armed Forces Civilian labor force Employed At work 35 or more hours Unemployed Percent of civilian labor force Not in labor force Institutionalized persons Males 16 to 19 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 20 to 24 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Males 25 to 54 years Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

PRESENCE OF OWN CHILDREN IN FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES With In With In

Females 16 years and over own children under 6 years labor force own children 6 to 17 years only labor force

Own children under 6 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children under 6 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parents Both parents in labor force Both at work 35 or more hours Own children 6 to 17 years parent Parent in labor force At work 35 or more hours

144

803 233 095 490 367

541 673 981 940 758

546 832 538 185 253

11 2 1 2 1

597 069 321 209 697

691 059 597 619 017

11 2 1 2 1

380 023 298 170 670

66 13 7 11 7

661 291 195 058 671

living with two 15 993 967 8 874 102 4 433 879

13 365 043 7 356 865 3 551 805

12 433 972 6 894 604 3 305 073

1 120 631 762 231 455 328

1 083 154 741 478 443 414

126 232 61 519 27 868

114 286 55 453 25 127

582 444 309 547 197 142

560 032 296 321 189 326

799 617 383 940 201 736

29 777 16 868 9 028

5 279 645 3 169 479 1 936 665

2 691 801 1 757 315 1 151 722

2 296 228 1 530 677 1 006 176

1 957 353 1 077 653 576 138

1 906 960 1 053 462 562 417

99 013 53 193 28 249

88 953 48 069 25 410

92 667 52 985 38 470

83 536 47 702 34 802

438 811 228 333 142 086

18 231 10 694 6 516

29 673 627 19 477 241 10 782 593

24 506 771 16 126 135 8 710 728

22 876 830 15 197 358 8 187 268

2 403 582 1 723 939 1 098 819

2 346 780 1 689 605 1 079 051

258 426 149 745 78 618

236 978 137 696 72 393

1 105 516 709 041 481 480

1 068 090 682 858 464 423

1 399 332 768 381 412 948

39 506 25 479 14 417

9 931 854 7 343 393 5 231 410

5 641 232 4 490 361 3 369 644

4 989 238 4 047 712 3 062 492

3 274 251 2 212 058 1 423 150

3 206 326 2 171 735 1 396 679

153 491 100 318 62 936

139 897 91 996 57 810

191 540 133 038 103 025

177 634 122 995 95 603

671 340 407 618 272 655

23 006 15 938 11 172

living with one

living with two

living with one

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

483

Section Five: Census Data

Table 127.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Additional Labor Force Characteristics and Veteran Status for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

United States Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

214 822 947 291 119 277 477 273 825 210 654 687 069

45 178 672 34 232 358 22 440 348 835 895 1 076 953 627 582 92 037 9 869 361 2 010 101 97 182 6 540 382 4 011 325 270 386

43 342 946 32 764 255 21 609 186 768 679 996 311 589 102 81 786 9 582 380 1 936 739 90 120 6 058 841 3 751 641 239 234

3 521 382 2 598 174 1 874 907 124 728 151 968 97 365 16 663 771 240 254 030 18 464 3 045 283 1 617 812 269 634

3 458 050 2 549 409 1 845 532 121 551 147 935 95 142 16 088 760 706 250 688 18 090 2 993 086 1 594 622 265 223

305 218 135 10 21 10 2 65 18 2 121 58 10

156 614 797 678 205 191 955 337 947 256 370 613 433

288 205 128 9 20 9 2 62 18 2 113 54 9

308 383 071 894 187 653 822 738 064 166 658 902 754

14 315 448 11 073 188 4 159 951 756 835 6 136 105 3 242 260 1 636 766 1 042 647 180 695 274 277 1 605 494 640 453 274 320 681 990

10 799 495 8 441 214 3 495 880 513 627 4 416 742 2 358 281 1 281 328 875 028 124 548 181 444 1 076 953 480 799 181 563 407 785

10 015 571 7 881 647 3 318 507 468 812 4 080 305 2 133 924 1 210 340 831 527 115 978 166 495 923 584 413 238 157 726 346 397

2 129 072 1 595 913 367 584 166 082 1 058 491 533 159 240 977 103 897 42 283 65 728 292 182 61 197 57 297 172 503

2 085 687 1 564 533 360 110 162 750 1 038 052 521 154 236 839 102 225 41 600 64 535 284 315 58 871 56 191 168 113

143 100 25 8 66 43 17 8 2 4 25 8 5 12

769 668 218 994 322 101 106 772 680 258 995 231 039 596

132 92 23 8 61 39 15 7 2 3 23 7 4 11

311 985 012 230 625 326 620 940 510 975 706 383 638 561

All persons

Total

Asian or Pacific Islander

Not of Hispanic origin

Other race

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

1 295 099 1 068 819 715 004 31 496 33 315 19 141 4 071 192 965 53 519 3 121 185 926 116 808 6 393

1 265 101 1 043 965 697 912 30 572 32 115 18 443 3 891 189 021 52 102 3 058 176 964 111 551 5 814

1 417 905 1 168 857 633 891 68 494 80 678 35 998 11 751 168 370 47 228 6 187 488 693 227 129 36 223

24 115 18 790 11 715 790 1 106 530 131 4 219 1 379 170 9 459 5 066 750

LABOR FORCE STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS Married-couple families Husband employed or in Armed Forces Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband unemployed Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Husband not in labor force Wife employed or in Armed Forces Wife unemployed Female householder, no husband present Employed or in Armed Forces Unemployed

51 39 25 1 1 11 2 10 6

718 286 799 071 364 790 127 067 383 127 381 031 593

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AND LABOR FORCE STATUS Persons 16 to 19 years Enrolled in school Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not enrolled in school High school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force Not high school graduate Employed Unemployed Not in labor force

480 427 120 20 285 53 27 16 2 6 26 9 2 13

997 064 911 084 473 933 719 221 402 943 214 440 997 671

463 413 116 19 277 50 25 15 2 6 24 8 2 12

731 628 254 013 818 103 858 117 189 587 245 609 664 866

762 508 150 48 309 253 69 38 8 15 184 80 27 75

115 329 358 048 077 786 636 729 782 904 150 786 424 435

17 666 13 287 4 487 955 7 818 4 379 1 796 987 153 450 2 583 1 100 401 1 075

CLASS OF WORKER Employed persons 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Employed females 16 years and over Private wage and salary workers Local government workers State government workers Federal government workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers

115 89 8 5 3 8 52 40 4 3 1 2

681 541 244 381 940 067 505 976 693 617 002 663 708 290

202 393 755 445 900 483 226 623 002 771 677 488 708 977

96 74 6 4 2 7 43 33 3 2 1 2

237 725 552 278 914 318 447 515 702 658 328 137 427 260

561 163 785 367 983 612 651 117 710 838 412 547 162 448

91 70 6 4 2 7 41 32 3 2 1 2

447 837 235 107 771 066 429 499 107 487 231 080 340 251

312 628 102 997 167 005 413 763 599 920 115 975 830 324

11 407 803 8 353 004 1 231 855 757 734 726 293 321 516 17 401 6 015 288 4 276 686 718 821 492 672 394 015 124 580 8 514

11 184 939 8 175 859 1 211 194 749 216 718 347 313 660 16 663 5 912 329 4 197 058 707 269 487 781 390 003 121 902 8 316

728 518 66 43 56 42 2 340 233 34 24 29 16 1

953 435 172 141 132 270 803 042 919 311 691 755 026 340

677 478 62 40 53 39 2 317 217 32 23 28 14 1

843 560 430 966 802 468 617 921 251 401 534 609 865 261

3 411 586 2 668 258 158 495 184 743 147 950 227 250 24 890 1 590 897 1 251 502 83 981 90 332 61 778 87 877 15 427

3 312 806 2 588 989 153 304 180 615 142 083 223 343 24 472 1 542 268 1 212 468 81 215 87 962 59 212 86 222 15 189

3 895 299 3 276 533 235 448 117 460 95 542 157 835 12 481 1 515 279 1 228 185 121 820 66 570 40 393 53 063 5 248

76 61 4 3 2 3 35 27 2 1 1 1

786 756 995 362 653 809 211 156 693 754 887 316 383 123

WORK STATUS IN 1989 Persons 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

134 84 5 11 10 11 11 105 87 74 6

529 533 825 370 110 628 062 361 097 660 296

779 428 217 482 388 106 158 883 175 124 616

111 71 4 9 8 9 8 86 72 62 5

350 367 437 407 200 299 637 810 595 809 003

984 339 724 780 361 943 837 887 660 360 046

105 68 4 8 7 8 8 82 69 60 4

876 256 075 920 731 744 148 379 127 012 678

755 293 635 793 591 324 119 507 245 196 059

13 914 568 8 042 778 701 540 1 146 309 1 135 436 1 380 301 1 508 204 11 078 912 8 689 678 7 239 604 762 882

13 641 643 7 895 001 683 858 1 121 466 1 111 443 1 350 530 1 479 345 10 855 309 8 521 915 7 105 899 745 094

940 472 39 80 91 117 139 740 515 422 64

172 252 576 053 517 477 297 837 937 031 503

875 440 35 74 85 109 130 690 479 393 60

245 108 671 196 461 381 428 617 695 441 671

3 824 000 2 309 455 268 951 321 012 261 145 336 256 327 181 3 037 181 2 517 488 2 066 573 158 366

3 709 730 2 244 707 259 583 311 656 252 666 325 124 315 994 2 946 039 2 444 674 2 008 823 152 769

4 500 055 2 341 604 377 426 415 328 421 929 494 129 449 639 3 694 066 2 778 412 2 122 556 307 819

91 49 5 8 7 10 10 70 54 43 4

736 747 240 015 720 575 439 623 094 902 977

Females 16 years and over, worked in 1989 50 to 52 weeks 48 and 49 weeks 40 to 47 weeks 27 to 39 weeks 14 to 26 weeks 1 to 13 weeks Usually worked 35 or more hours per week 40 or more weeks 50 to 52 weeks 27 to 39 weeks

61 35 2 5 5 6 5 42 34 28 3

904 419 692 996 569 241 984 973 274 714 061

615 603 119 730 882 320 961 185 397 940 761

50 29 2 4 4 5 4 34 27 23 2

747 347 046 993 572 061 726 579 802 459 440

988 758 442 075 964 450 299 618 103 793 145

48 28 1 4 4 4 4 32 26 22 2

407 117 902 772 349 791 473 866 510 425 304

278 360 375 937 363 277 966 204 719 329 363

7 137 050 4 003 406 365 603 632 882 631 517 716 379 787 263 5 418 162 4 232 765 3 489 925 399 557

7 014 551 3 939 490 357 499 621 222 620 019 702 384 773 937 5 324 066 4 162 622 3 434 384 391 611

433 205 16 38 45 56 69 311 212 173 28

349 888 904 235 804 940 578 436 942 875 652

405 192 15 35 42 53 65 291 199 163 27

400 949 438 666 963 115 269 965 356 072 067

1 787 262 1 008 791 124 904 165 324 139 430 176 036 172 777 1 333 277 1 075 894 866 664 78 645

1 731 978 120 160 134 169 166 1 291 1 043 841 75

175 925 365 434 822 972 657 783 473 393 875

1 798 853 138 167 180 230 229 1 330 950 724 114

966 760 266 214 167 515 044 692 693 683 762

42 21 2 3 3 5 5 29 21 17 2

031 488 295 881 770 360 237 332 976 672 143

65 8 18 29 8 51 6 11 33 30 10 2 4 3

049 477 243 637 691 718 129 870 717 599 381 056 929 395

428 151 077 580 620 214 613 620 981 124 654 800 373 481

53 6 14 25 6 45 5 10 29 26 6 1 3 2

845 866 672 306 999 178 588 429 160 613 540 083 194 262

200 496 797 415 492 672 666 743 263 597 382 218 979 185

51 6 13 24 6 43 5 9 27 25 6

337 598 891 275 571 342 449 945 947 602 058 968 2 984 2 106

479 688 781 747 263 946 811 895 240 709 841 480 183 178

7 1 2 2

6 1 2 2

208 809 702 077 620 050 840 800 410 062 086 878 377 831

463 67 153 187 55 305 29 75 200 178 121 32 58 31

968 067 924 916 061 156 632 213 311 417 370 080 200 090

436 63 144 176 51 288 28 70 188 168 113 29 54 29

752 723 695 866 468 308 638 982 688 223 658 977 555 126

1 577 131 413 720 312 1 295 91 303 900 804 185 32 74 79

820 352 200 804 464 099 301 369 429 563 926 120 060 746

1 535 127 401 702 303 1 265 89 297 877 784 176 30 70 76

190 668 771 219 532 101 699 502 900 660 964 208 178 578

2 107 238 658 827 382 1 417 74 370 973 797 488 149 197 141

377 428 967 344 638 905 715 067 123 828 693 414 604 675

36 4 11 15 5 24 1 6 16 14 9 2 4 2

724 575 792 132 225 115 877 015 223 188 459 419 293 747

27 26 3 1 1 8 8

481 330 352 900 603 232 970

055 011 156 833 440 414 114

24 23 2 1 1 7 8

345 379 579 459 222 160 321

054 529 697 713 238 147 784

23 22 2 1 1 6 8

943 871 047 449 226 778 256

2 374 365 2 230 013 588 200 335 325 291 189 784 392 515 654

2 348 256 2 206 111 578 655 329 723 286 438 775 449 512 466

193 181 37 20 16 76 35

511 439 560 667 944 033 463

184 172 35 19 16 72 34

227 807 323 498 016 000 287

250 236 51 30 26 88 56

255 706 366 547 534 118 019

238 226 48 28 25 83 54

793 002 450 720 029 229 375

317 302 95 54 46 123 41

870 324 333 581 535 724 194

9 9 2 1 1 3 2

936 199 549 526 365 371 057

WORKERS IN FAMILY IN 1989 Families No workers 1 worker 2 workers 3 or more workers Married-couple families No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers Husband and wife worked Female householder, no husband present No workers 1 worker 2 or more workers

3 2 2 3 1

055 173 344 595 941 521 345 692 483 204 045 759 404 880

063 808 189 101 965 382 299 228 855 719 283 968 530 785

3 2 2 2 1

927 148 300 553 924 458 339 675 442 169 993 741 383 867

VETERAN STATUS AND PERIOD OF SERVICE Civilian veterans 16 years and over Male May 1975 or later service only September 1980 or later service only Served 2 or more years Vietnam-era service World War II service

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

484

754 814 464 393 166 953 194

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

145

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 128.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupation of Employed Persons for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

United States Employed persons 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers Employed females 16 years and over Managerial and professional specialty occupations Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Officials and administrators, public administration Management and related occupations Professional specialty occupations Engineers and natural scientists Engineers Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, librarians, and counselors Teachers, elementary and secondary schools Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations Health technologists and technicians Technologists and technicians, except health Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations Sales representatives, commodities and finance Other sales occupations Cashiers Administrative support occupations, including clerical Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing occupations Mail and message distributing occupations Service occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Police and firefighters Service occupations, except protective and household Food service occupations Cleaning and building service occupations Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farm workers and related occupations Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Precision production occupations Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators and tenders, except precision Fabricators, assemblers, inspectors, and samplers Transportation occupations Motor vehicle operators Material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Freight, stock, and material handlers

146

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

All persons

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

115 681 202 30 533 582 14 227 916 578 334 4 140 575 16 305 666 3 000 976 1 672 559 869 543 2 482 553 5 713 591 3 861 446 36 718 398 1 397 189 2 860 046 13 634 686 3 352 054 3 941 568 6 341 064 2 533 639 18 826 477 640 982 4 582 070 2 315 205 990 423 15 295 917 521 154 1 992 852 732 609 12 781 911 5 167 308 3 127 932 2 839 010 1 066 944 1 590 184 13 097 963 4 080 305 4 793 935 4 047 043 17 196 332 4 981 876 2 922 321 3 760 910 3 580 137 968 091 4 563 134 948 540 1 576 991 52 976 623 14 752 659 5 993 163 251 316 2 156 867 8 759 496 551 261 151 962 171 791 2 163 863 3 977 806 2 946 061 23 120 191 1 133 078 832 879 6 584 290 1 155 921 1 314 555 4 113 814 1 995 673 14 569 944 394 508 4 490 363 2 062 414 368 423 8 929 509 494 920 310 463 66 355 8 124 126 3 062 435 1 278 437 449 506 149 675 290 041

96 237 561 26 877 354 12 651 035 484 939 3 606 211 14 226 319 2 635 125 1 475 994 754 907 2 124 802 4 963 417 3 358 038 31 121 238 1 123 408 2 445 404 11 984 176 3 012 184 3 649 726 5 322 266 1 976 839 15 568 250 511 106 3 980 228 2 043 830 715 310 11 354 441 312 888 1 580 054 624 642 9 461 499 3 981 476 2 113 844 2 370 802 1 022 746 1 194 090 11 257 116 3 554 246 4 174 722 3 368 249 13 256 610 3 706 366 2 235 775 3 030 438 2 870 272 785 824 3 498 207 727 176 1 244 126 43 515 117 12 741 104 5 202 033 201 382 1 835 280 7 539 071 461 596 125 956 137 721 1 853 159 3 440 715 2 541 887 19 454 638 920 524 688 505 5 633 355 1 025 665 1 192 130 3 415 560 1 562 480 12 212 254 316 845 3 909 921 1 837 858 258 492 6 701 294 296 628 224 472 48 652 6 180 194 2 507 545 814 051 383 374 143 343 232 000

91 447 312 26 072 188 12 254 816 468 576 3 488 813 13 817 372 2 569 523 1 440 584 728 482 2 077 587 4 809 953 3 251 700 29 799 821 1 079 681 2 361 025 11 511 646 2 907 048 3 547 155 5 057 443 1 856 694 14 847 469 488 214 3 830 459 1 970 166 677 075 10 481 292 251 678 1 504 544 598 591 8 725 070 3 675 719 1 876 092 2 168 116 1 005 516 1 013 742 10 648 470 3 385 520 3 942 128 3 168 249 12 277 425 3 389 822 2 066 445 2 867 043 2 711 162 743 694 3 210 421 651 253 1 170 890 41 499 763 12 348 409 5 028 901 194 171 1 771 995 7 319 508 447 566 121 964 132 394 1 815 016 3 331 338 2 459 000 18 638 286 889 284 663 359 5 394 135 991 276 1 154 046 3 248 813 1 473 643 11 691 508 303 446 3 764 243 1 776 315 247 099 6 254 384 238 248 213 290 45 958 5 802 846 2 387 604 710 772 357 362 141 648 208 059

11 407 803 2 066 054 875 835 68 142 303 762 1 190 219 126 864 58 041 28 401 213 393 512 599 380 073 3 354 120 182 904 190 994 875 576 153 862 151 055 570 659 327 343 2 104 646 86 759 393 893 147 273 197 530 2 522 099 136 283 312 808 78 005 2 073 008 609 088 660 057 166 079 16 660 133 366 930 011 286 565 310 992 324 809 2 369 440 721 735 382 571 511 246 495 739 120 269 633 619 116 549 221 599 6 015 288 1 283 844 484 659 38 849 192 955 799 185 42 566 11 185 9 596 188 300 392 151 308 959 2 330 616 148 650 76 882 551 297 68 822 67 358 415 117 268 886 1 553 787 54 886 380 866 123 890 83 180 1 508 458 130 525 71 413 14 615 1 306 520 325 529 308 521 21 048 2 089 18 074

11 184 939 2 032 688 860 559 67 546 298 542 1 172 129 124 739 57 092 27 636 210 158 506 466 375 988 3 291 652 180 100 187 310 856 437 150 105 147 767 558 565 320 690 2 067 805 85 304 386 652 144 406 194 934 2 469 434 132 825 307 911 77 078 2 028 698 596 169 644 739 162 334 16 374 130 058 907 230 279 626 303 102 316 991 2 321 601 704 732 375 257 502 019 486 693 119 166 620 427 113 865 217 931 5 912 329 1 265 252 477 335 38 493 190 154 787 917 41 900 11 041 9 300 185 401 387 839 305 779 2 292 576 146 507 75 714 541 271 67 643 65 983 407 645 264 124 1 529 084 54 087 374 080 121 669 82 410 1 480 332 127 261 70 451 14 438 1 282 620 320 957 302 521 20 682 2 050 17 747

728 133 62 6 17 70 9 4 1 10 28 19 195 8 14 63 13 11 38 20 108 3 25 11 5 134 3 17 5 113 42 32 24 4 15 99 27 42 27 141 35 24 28 27 10 41 10 12 340 73 31 2 10 41 1

143 25 11 105 727 355 174 63 62 8 125 4 41

140 24 11 103 712 347 171 62 61 8 122 4 41

10 1 1 7 37 15 9 4 4

1 235 175 131 923 4 489 2 018 1 082 426 419 46 915 36 359

327 669 124 593 431 059 797 426 603 995 154 177 459

957 139 110 703 3 277 1 410 782 345 340 35 703 28 294

420 398 834 036 287 339 067 352 356 735 794 614 616

890 132 105 648 3 010 1 276 714 333 328 33 653 26 280

922 964 794 197 400 251 412 025 241 544 168 708 178

560 220 938 934 762 868 765 642 240 228 259 294 876

655 905 758 535 832 611 716 870 489 030 605 231 199

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

953 555 825 345 191 730 274 865 467 064 766 080 096 853 113 582 853 351 378 049 548 554 649 484 198 744 856 198 930 690 233 043 405 255 449 782 650 638 530 371 625 645 763 380 715 623 986 327 042 848 884 820 586 964 980 541 423 654 144 472 493 017 297 479 098 753 628 528 700 378 934 443 288 643 556 643 652 444 436 895 740 772 662

677 126 59 6 16 67 8 4 1 9 27 18 181 8 13 58 12 10 35 18 100 3 24 10 4 124 3 16 5 104 38 29 22 4 13 92 25 39 25 130 32 22 26 25 10 38 9 11 317 70 30 2 10 40 1

609 332 550 648 709 613 008 650 538 605 7 833 497 2 819

9 1 1 7 34 14 8 4 4

8 20 14 134 7 4 38 6 4 27 16 84 2 24 10 2 79 3 2 73 26 13 3 2

Asian or Pacific Islander

8 19 13 125 6 4 35 5 4 25 15 78 2 23 9 2 74 2 2 68 24 12 3 2

843 731 504 117 318 227 815 625 339 566 405 295 102 353 170 901 800 738 363 550 678 405 129 750 758 364 276 218 656 870 717 454 217 044 552 918 909 637 452 511 840 762 748 432 117 044 950 398 921 233 164 729 038 069 886 507 385 247 226 848 160 641 037 674 637 590 447 311 808 297 471 793 110 202 991 480 644 731 961 821 460 740 419

990 259 471 190 876 560 271 408 305 582 7 055 446 2 567

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

3 411 586 1 045 160 428 273 10 748 149 459 616 887 201 193 117 858 77 501 110 659 131 237 49 959 1 134 130 52 383 155 867 400 985 109 710 78 905 212 370 105 851 524 895 23 640 83 460 67 517 41 046 504 688 14 044 29 083 7 596 461 561 250 384 86 854 40 718 7 679 30 175 273 473 74 673 56 341 141 794 413 417 169 521 95 890 50 674 49 126 8 046 89 286 11 419 31 370 1 590 897 448 538 179 835 4 454 82 290 268 703 38 787 12 264 22 310 94 913 70 241 38 662 636 528 35 757 48 025 197 333 35 101 31 043 131 189 71 840 355 413 11 366 78 838 52 787 14 313 259 244 12 698 3 923 699 242 623 106 592 40 319 8 330 1 586 6 561

3 312 806 1 025 274 418 746 10 351 145 741 606 528 199 300 116 898 76 453 107 878 128 933 48 552 1 101 220 50 543 153 383 390 770 107 843 77 030 205 897 102 496 506 524 22 996 80 374 65 463 39 600 485 820 13 032 27 627 7 157 445 161 243 374 82 388 38 693 7 520 28 407 263 497 71 689 53 208 137 977 398 302 164 804 92 909 48 251 46 766 7 468 84 870 10 531 29 973 1 542 268 437 732 174 990 4 246 80 191 262 742 38 356 12 155 21 909 92 445 68 700 37 588 615 438 34 478 47 263 191 235 34 323 30 174 126 738 69 361 342 462 11 068 75 909 51 138 13 877 249 272 11 734 3 733 688 233 805 103 566 38 382 7 966 1 569 6 214

65 4 2 58 172 96 47 3 3

307 492 178 598 950 039 664 688 541 507 25 052 562 8 021

63 4 2 57 168 93 46 3 3

801 313 088 361 059 650 396 500 367 461 24 052 528 7 674

Other race

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

3 895 411 209 8 63 201 28 15 7 23 77 54 913 29 53 310 62 50 197 103 520 15 98 45 31 779 54 53 16 672 284 235 237 15 217 537 137 209 184 1 015 348 183 139 137 43 300 82 67 1 515 205 94 3 35 110 6 2 1 18 54 42 563 21 15 163 20 19 124 75 363 9 95 37 10 380 51 8 1 321 96 101 33 1 30

299 459 948 160 952 511 520 801 267 635 572 296 814 641 668 367 445 531 391 557 138 923 840 101 339 945 083 709 436 153 127 134 006 604 104 581 171 242 661 494 629 440 789 620 237 399 410 569 279 325 752 811 756 573 332 016 741 837 555 081 916 130 170 826 235 271 320 939 790 033 804 436 150 870 513 012 737 345 333 651 014 885 744

76 786 14 523 6 598 275 2 073 7 925 1 629 881 356 1 112 2 571 1 456 22 685 730 1 791 8 147 1 535 1 589 5 023 2 369 12 017 448 2 129 1 301 848 15 015 755 1 622 483 12 638 4 979 3 719 1 517 190 1 225 8 295 2 522 2 924 2 769 14 751 4 690 2 749 2 487 2 400 535 4 290 706 1 453 35 156 7 106 3 053 89 1 144 4 053 344 105 76 942 1 628 1 105 14 084 524 607 4 388 617 660 3 111 1 609 8 565 259 2 005 1 022 320 8 090 667 324 46 7 099 2 312 1 643 289 22 248

58 5 4 48 273 140 69 9 8 1 53 2 12

431 227 624 377 723 200 293 094 928 920 216 210 127

1 167 258 137 772 4 420 1 993 1 181 267 258 46 933 7 330

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

485

Section Five: Census Data

Table 129.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Income in 1989 of Households, Families, and Persons for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

United States All persons

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Total

Asian or Pacific Islander

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Other race

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

INCOME IN 1989 Households Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Families Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 to $99,999 $100,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Married-couple families Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $74,999 $75,000 or more Female householder, no husband present Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Males 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Females 15 years and over, with income Median income (dollars) Percent year-round full-time workers Median income (dollars) Per capita income (dollars) Persons in households (dollars) Persons in group quarters (dollars)

91 5 8 8 16 14 16 13 4 4 65 2 3 4 10 10 13 11 4 3 51 5 7 8 11 10 7 10 1 1 1 2 2 86

84

993 684 529 133 123 575 428 777 704 035 30 38 049 582 636 676 658 729 270 857 115 522 35 43 718 619 734 660 566 895 241 381 530 636 379 286 718 830 674 20

582 517 980 273 742 125 455 883 808 799 056 453 428 206 361 092 345 951 930 079 468 996 225 803 214 528 791 211 753 423 508 654 177 764 635 235 497 346 947 409 53.0 29 237 560 106 10 371 33.9 19 570 14 420 14 649 6 094

76 3 6 6 13 12 14 12 4 3 53 1 2 3 8 9 11 10 3 3 45 4 6 7 10 9 6 6

1 1 72

69

906 726 610 540 295 374 274 162 203 719 31 40 845 419 415 507 549 043 519 467 675 247 37 46 178 486 575 544 243 726 602 540 679 883 844 531 973 628 504 21

980 768 505 094 239 793 052 367 619 543 435 308 200 771 421 128 776 670 137 357 722 218 152 330 672 426 092 938 307 294 615 382 291 985 016 229 670 191 525 695 54.2 30 468 613 017 10 652 33.6 19 916 15 687 15 926 6 319

73 3 6 6 12 11 13 11 4 3 51 1 2 3 8 8 11 10 3 3 43 4 6 7 9 9 6 6

1 1 68

66

747 465 274 205 675 867 758 774 087 637 31 40 337 254 186 240 049 629 087 134 576 177 37 46 342 139 220 223 882 429 447 058 592 789 773 432 870 599 980 22

747 190 975 647 640 672 950 378 521 774 672 646 479 559 825 989 852 800 614 128 462 250 628 930 946 565 151 464 640 713 413 841 849 442 575 881 903 191 277 065 54.4 30 764 627 911 10 747 33.6 20 048 16 074 16 326 6 330

9 1 1 1 1 1 1

7

1 1 1

3

3

8

9

941 513 412 089 878 407 324 928 260 127 19 25 055 862 850 762 341 043 060 797 228 108 22 28 521 601 621 616 745 646 290 045 696 582 424 603 591 147 337 12

850 647 467 626 449 642 225 232 092 470 758 872 063 062 577 216 930 831 248 643 130 426 429 659 382 094 592 289 545 514 348 283 002 809 271 978 036 187 527 950 44.9 21 647 965 635 8 825 35.0 18 005 8 859 9 019 5 226

9 1 1 1 1 1 1

6

1 1 1

3

2

8

9

767 487 386 070 843 382 302 912 256 125 19 25 927 844 833 748 316 024 043 785 224 106 22 28 458 588 608 605 733 636 286 993 683 570 417 594 582 144 164 12

383 389 108 901 736 464 720 943 037 085 766 881 208 939 239 084 011 870 358 388 793 526 466 695 050 034 185 107 716 976 032 086 442 876 425 506 098 739 632 971 44.9 21 691 793 651 8 835 35.1 18 015 8 885 9 049 5 118

625 78 91 75 126 91 83 54 14 8 20 26 463 49 60 54 94 71 68 46 12 7 21 28 305 70 62 54 57 41 17 121 28 29 18 23 18 3 605 12

367 140 731 537 456 267 967 774 595 900 025 206 968 114 426 908 195 009 493 094 370 359 750 025 156 912 551 742 587 439 925 370 076 368 718 312 180 716 578 180 40.9 22 080 587 568 7 310 29.5 16 680 8 328 8 367 7 107

588 74 87 71 118 85 78 51 13 8 19 26 436 46 57 52 88 66 64 43 11 6 21 27 288 67 59 51 54 39 16 113 26 27 17 21 16 3 564 12

826 375 230 514 701 226 343 517 590 330 857 065 752 289 371 006 444 688 029 488 524 913 661 941 308 772 107 467 097 133 732 658 298 586 648 735 847 544 538 162 40.8 22 162 552 086 7 278 29.5 16 667 8 372 8 439 6 199

2 020 136 126 140 279 276 353 388 168 151 36 46 1 577 70 75 99 205 210 288 339 151 136 41 51 1 295 158 154 167 244 302 267 185 20 23 20 34 54 32 2 285 19

498 261 479 146 541 512 574 276 542 167 784 695 820 522 072 551 470 640 913 835 611 206 251 102 099 906 424 491 189 697 392 926 848 576 000 272 590 640 437 396 52.4 30 075 2 125 535 11 986 40.6 21 335 13 638 13 815 5 465

1 965 132 121 135 270 267 342 378 165 149 36 46 1 535 68 72 96 198 203 280 332 148 134 41 51 1 265 155 150 162 237 296 263 176 19 22 18 32 52 31 2 220 19

079 442 817 790 653 884 927 978 547 041 943 925 190 095 163 391 835 954 272 073 968 439 446 383 101 404 187 789 225 136 360 964 494 051 802 699 217 701 753 526 52.5 30 223 2 060 212 12 013 40.6 21 386 13 754 13 938 5 178

2 498 229 288 287 544 424 392 244 57 28 22 27 2 107 180 234 252 466 360 334 206 47 23 22 27 1 417 302 321 276 276 178 63 488 105 117 72 93 81 18 2 941 12

887 701 798 870 057 911 637 234 960 719 813 843 377 737 865 289 974 801 139 150 635 787 949 943 905 190 132 751 125 479 228 693 960 026 630 444 021 612 880 493 47.5 18 627 2 268 351 7 876 31.9 15 362 7 340 7 366 6 162

52 5 6 5 9 8 8 6 1 1 24 30 36 3 3 3 6 6 6 4 1

507 593 362 242 881 390 054 136 717 132 049 542 724 102 696 102 996 321 304 906 316 981 27 104 33 606 24 115 4 246 4 203 4 424 5 077 4 085 2 080 9 459 1 749 1 966 1 051 2 044 2 050 599 56 346 14 857 46.5 22 305 53 125 9 068 33.3 17 941 7 403 7 333 9 483

MEDIAN INCOME IN 1989 BY SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Family type and presence of own children: Families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Married-couple families (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Female householder, no husband present (dollars) With own children under 18 years (dollars) With own children under 6 years (dollars) Workers in family in 1989: No workers (dollars) 1 worker (dollars) 2 or more workers (dollars) Husband and wife worked (dollars) Nonfamily households (dollars) Male householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars) Female householder (dollars) Living alone (dollars) 65 years and over (dollars)

35 34 31 39 40 36 17 12 7

225 627 580 584 693 490 414 485 775

37 37 34 40 41 37 20 15 8

152 303 547 396 686 369 340 011 942

37 38 35 40 42 37 20 15 9

628 074 352 723 172 908 807 444 117

22 20 16 33 35 31 12 9 6

429 292 924 538 162 268 522 539 330

22 20 16 33 35 31 12 9 6

466 332 941 626 281 401 559 571 320

21 20 16 28 28 22 10 8 6

750 221 856 287 124 901 742 692 279

21 20 16 28 27 22 10 8 6

661 142 730 134 982 769 716 671 252

41 41 37 44 44 40 22 15 10

251 025 325 965 966 210 983 791 838

41 41 37 45 45 40 23 15 10

446 256 647 115 128 313 319 989 898

22 21 20 27 27 24 11 8 6

949 789 007 731 219 138 262 915 502

27 25 23 32 32 30 14 10 8

104 560 607 573 565 434 762 805 203

14 25 44 46

622 517 500 340

17 27 45 47

311 998 738 005

17 28 46 47

781 714 122 273

5 15 36 41

308 764 955 557

5 15 36 41

313 757 986 609

6 15 32 35

069 526 978 390

6 15 32 35

103 474 917 324

9 27 50 52

050 860 706 729

9 28 50 52

215 257 899 909

5 15 32 34

431 776 272 166

5 19 37 40

826 343 848 468

17 22 20 11 13 12 8

240 630 193 688 729 226 639

17 24 21 12 14 12 9

991 115 219 574 294 737 185

18 24 21 12 14 12 9

067 283 353 726 369 837 276

11 15 13 6 9 8 5

624 368 160 676 060 042 358

11 15 13 6 9 8 5

617 372 177 680 057 044 356

12 15 11 6 9 8 6

183 059 775 792 939 142 179

12 14 11 6 9 8 6

023 775 651 723 792 069 169

21 23 21 9 18 16 7

336 807 958 295 405 190 731

21 23 22 9 18 16 7

396 903 087 425 454 277 757

14 18 14 6 9 7 5

905 095 185 519 904 828 436

15 18 16 7 11 9 6

038 993 155 538 183 361 800

2 020 498 1 799 815 47 021 1 737 401 44 129 277 492 27 804 19 202 12 690 856 647

2 498 887 2 178 752 29 118 2 137 078 28 285 192 248 14 801 17 257 8 509 294 568

52 43 32 42 31 4 17

INCOME TYPE IN 1989 Households With earnings Mean earnings (dollars) With wage or salary income Mean wage or salary income (dollars) With nonfarm self-employment income Mean nonfarm self-employment income (dollars) With farm self-employment income Mean farm self-employment income (dollars) With interest, dividend, or net rental income Mean interest, dividend, or net rental income (dollars) With Social Security income Mean Social Security income (dollars) With public assistance income Mean public assistance income (dollars) With retirement income Mean retirement income (dollars) With other income Mean other income (dollars)

91 993 582 73 874 069 39 143 71 174 232 37 271 10 810 605 20 218 2 020 105 10 064 37 242 801

76 906 980 61 696 794 40 659 59 227 199 38 633 9 785 727 20 519 1 931 481 10 171 34 779 342

73 747 747 58 989 523 40 987 56 592 451 38 933 9 473 587 20 593 1 905 614 10 180 34 128 343

9 941 850 7 689 508 28 754 7 578 431 28 307 494 841 12 852 41 044 5 449 1 182 252

9 767 383 7 554 686 28 749 7 446 275 28 304 483 999 12 845 40 008 5 463 1 163 025

625 509 27 494 26 60 14 11 6 129

367 200 324 123 277 297 260 121 235 992

588 477 27 463 26 56 14 10 6 124

826 720 200 465 172 725 064 736 172 136

6 24 210 7 6 943 4 14 353 9 9 344 4

7 21 382 8 4 269 4 12 818 9 7 844 4

7 20 836 8 3 878 4 12 530 9 7 564 4

2 2 191 5 1 955 3 1 163 7 1 043 3

2 2 167 5 1 915 3 1 150 7 1 027 3

3 115 6 116 4 66 7 83 3

646 261 133 009 145 790 640 317 641

3 110 6 109 4 63 7 78 3

639 206 143 567 116 810 676 510 621

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

486

949 922 772 269 078 202 216 304 093

180 990 007 641 059 402 409 227 146

227 706 046 673 041 731 453 340 146

785 956 942 533 695 375 579 079 596

782 753 946 511 678 826 593 919 587

5 237 6 199 6 157 9 134 5

211 518 819 127 852 114 549 430 723

1 965 079 1 750 123 47 252 1 688 626 44 331 272 264 27 911 18 700 12 820 842 714 5 230 6 192 6 151 9 129 5

233 472 834 348 910 643 599 305 757

2 283 5 402 4 147 5 239 3

943 197 688 959 738 521 748 251 769

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

507 682 431 467 228 897 742 536 6 733 10 092 4 8 6 7 4 4 7 5 4

116 413 431 262 466 843 229 150 647

147

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 130.

Section Five: Census Data

Poverty Status in 1989 of Families and Persons for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

United States All persons

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Total

Asian or Pacific Islander

Not of Hispanic origin

Other race

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

ALL INCOME LEVELS IN 1989 Families In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Unrelated individuals for whom poverty status is determined Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Persons for whom poverty status is determined Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years

65 47 33 14 51 36 4 5 2 10 49 5 14 51 25 11 42 30 40 8 2 11 10 6 2 6 3 7 1 2 2

049 221 536 250 357 318 817 888 554 796 435 024 633 718 258 134 105 876 340 856 196 580 381 783 532 889 876 088 549 541 380

428 605 660 048 521 276 701 505 838 925 732 146 024 214 549 320 587 792 133 941 987 548 654 155 331 101 706 336 529 129 686

53 41 25 10 42 31 3 3 1 9 42 2 12 45 21 9 36 27 36 8 1 10 6 3 1 4 2 4 1 1 1

845 666 929 777 948 057 799 147 877 618 422 943 826 178 032 165 703 241 071 150 595 551 540 868 245 520 640 815 167 180 748

200 428 135 426 299 625 301 700 270 752 515 001 264 672 242 153 966 494 856 180 184 848 382 218 846 231 115 394 361 751 397

51 39 24 10 40 29 3 2 1 9 40 2 12 42 19 8 34 25 34 7 1 9 6 3 1 4 2 4 1 1 1

337 843 811 194 898 625 600 764 722 058 841 829 096 785 979 599 802 896 562 680 500 945 415 870 260 494 627 808 095 169 659

479 104 845 315 459 967 592 656 160 625 487 398 143 906 328 942 995 695 667 962 428 243 256 845 399 482 999 024 393 372 943

36 26 12 9 241 179 29 62 21 44

672 944 782 752 977 372 562 278 604 300

001 154 991 744 859 340 647 655 123 630

30 23 11 8 194 147 26 46 16 33

375 061 539 681 811 704 333 880 204 408

562 780 278 911 704 667 010 667 013 002

28 21 10 8 182 139 24 43 14 30

367 669 919 124 800 393 950 206 863 853

7 3 4 2 5 3

063 403 116 961 636 072 682 553 679 302 185 805 865 382 944 135 960 675 687 633 404 515 283 622 650 466 228 252 013 071 774

6 3 3 1 4 2

481 520 678 536 924 591 136 797 865 463

4 208 285 2 886 787 961 781 892 690 28 663 173 19 327 265 2 385 907 9 284 053 3 216 863 6 599 196

4 2 1 1 27 18 2 8 3 6

3 572 683 7.0 1 582 305 2 562 708 1 288 796 1 871 711 511 950 631 518 221 355 407 022 490 610 2 045 143 1 067 904 676 032 4 875 1 845 075 1 085 474 579 634 1 003 200 361 713 990 676 366 688 329 613 449 875 4 669 1 517 708 1 330 290 639 943 746 303 122 591 938 748 103 323 694 564 189 180 5 155 6 003 223 21.2 3 734 887 1 533 703 1 836 613 3 150 16 774 507 9.2 11 950 741 2 673 031 4 663 625 1 840 047 3 129 318 23 368 486 45 758 478

1 852 014 26.3 454 432 1 550 105 817 253 777 559 179 343 296 653 73 281 231 362 197 481 895 837 888 048 306 718 6 156 387 992 256 927 132 854 178 572 56 183 161 223 85 691 102 309 112 272 5 313 1 356 384 1 216 660 645 676 549 447 110 452 686 327 96 037 755 527 171 162 6 453 1 593 404 37.9 980 884 295 158 460 486 3 471 8 441 429 29.5 4 724 301 761 623 3 671 536 1 410 273 2 489 090 10 325 165 15 137 833

1 504 672 23.9 383 419 1 236 502 650 405 618 391 141 524 250 050 58 602 186 907 170 952 714 562 720 031 260 469 6 116 347 049 221 216 116 365 157 984 49 658 145 652 77 292 91 736 100 695 5 206 1 073 179 957 672 505 608 423 095 82 716 531 737 80 658 603 765 140 483 6 465 1 470 988 36.1 914 207 285 536 441 674 3 414 7 824 473 28.6 4 231 430 714 994 3 551 697 1 358 671 2 413 250 9 605 412 14 175 983

4 1 1 3 2 2 1 2

3 2 1 1 1 1 1

055 488 699 064 055 169 714 441 412 883 519 483 332 521 105 919 799 935 350 492 327 702 045 315 023 899 005 875 321 078 522

4 1 1 3 1 2 1 2

2 1 1 1

927 414 834 689 448 837 638 368 358 957 055 213 370 481 847 815 706 892 362 592 290 803 412 776 783 455 762 452 299 857 465

208 038 908 052 478 297 558 543 007 834 389 535 606 836 972 937 697 622 057 464 516 150 843 178 974 323 033 915 684 671 545

463 270 313 144 348 197 64 11 31 44 305 88 75 305 192 89 245 151 207 29 34 48 121 95 42 73 32 75 12 47 20

968 377 592 727 200 646 327 812 542 476 619 762 315 156 449 027 868 004 764 148 530 378 370 511 989 683 741 312 115 625 903

436 298 262 120 329 203 44 15 24 64 306 64 91 320 176 81 253 166 231 49 26 67 90 68 30 55 26 57 12 32 18

752 057 314 674 660 936 705 808 139 870 874 154 662 638 093 594 278 643 793 511 974 681 450 098 280 384 003 329 243 522 705

1 577 949 996 427 1 324 908 69 1 239 43 140 1 273 171 183 1 295 846 377 1 116 784 1 069 113 116 141 185 111 37 127 73 128 18 41 28

820 558 789 763 838 573 169 508 244 075 900 172 312 099 351 487 840 751 747 452 160 343 926 206 058 662 571 201 962 385 903

1 535 881 721 318 1 112 797 80 325 45 190 1 131 106 250 1 092 568 263 915 676 924 154 58 196 197 121 43 138 82 150 27 40 40

190 197 733 309 247 476 779 996 766 630 659 913 913 810 773 626 864 462 614 933 827 379 247 751 152 864 614 777 589 794 430

2 107 846 1 598 835 1 680 985 170 1 047 190 110 914 337 215 1 417 1 081 583 1 238 763 640 71 123 136 488 392 182 268 125 194 30 193 59

377 839 028 171 548 360 222 932 103 320 513 406 268 905 563 518 953 868 079 528 709 464 693 598 788 059 051 177 078 297 709

36 550 552 254 757 509 88 140 52 149 733 130 202 697 356 171 559 396 532 111 48 145 236 163 69 149 81 157 29 73 44

724 774 292 069 164 297 244 470 612 440 743 664 560 330 978 730 688 535 275 839 749 012 212 796 291 027 401 546 879 833 798

079 875 071 003 323 326 563 949 084 376

713 903 828 563 464 422 380 914 878 850

278 161 64 37 1 950 1 279 113 664 231 471

246 399 930 681 915 684 052 454 655 750

275 177 84 58 1 820 1 211 153 603 212 426

170 210 116 182 066 342 171 272 498 527

793 442 129 70 068 042 434 015 683 449

413 678 766 525 454 079 119 646 890 657

912 612 212 153 624 659 558 956 662 407

257 651 539 258 228 539 230 779 120 605

1 016 391 87 69 9 483 6 018 296 3 433 1 267 2 372

495 510 236 937 613 645 559 835 702 025

614 512 184 152 2 021 1 866 309 150 63 96

183 905 896 922 160 345 975 583 597 318

7 5 2 1

6 4 1 1

INCOME IN 1989 BELOW POVERTY LEVEL Families Percent below poverty level In owner-occupied housing unit With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder under 65 years with work disability Householder foreign born Householder under 25 years Householder 65 years and over Householder high school graduate or higher With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Married-couple families With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Female householder, no husband present With related children under 18 years With related children under 5 years Householder worked in 1989 Householder worked year round full time in 1989 Householder high school graduate or higher Householder 65 years and over With public assistance income in 1989 With Social Security income in 1989 Mean income deficit (dollars) Unrelated individuals Percent below poverty level Nonfamily householder In owner-occupied housing unit 65 years and over Mean income deficit (dollars) Persons Percent below poverty level Persons 18 years and over Persons 65 years and over Related children under 18 years Related children under 6 years Related children 5 to 17 years Persons below 125 percent of poverty level Persons below 200 percent of poverty level

148

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

6 487 515 10.0 2 307 947 4 992 845 2 613 626 3 215 463 853 067 1 073 192 876 281 763 410 762 939 3 265 377 2 286 388 1 094 068 5 379 2 849 984 1 834 332 1 011 812 1 581 202 549 131 1 351 051 506 426 554 412 635 487 4 994 3 230 201 2 866 941 1 452 618 1 403 435 248 472 1 721 637 215 978 1 642 582 390 389 5 764 8 873 475 24.2 5 210 297 1 957 191 2 494 332 3 311 31 742 864 13.1 20 313 948 3 780 585 11 161 836 4 331 825 7 544 737 42 246 073 74 909 296

3 787 586 7.0 1 660 991 2 720 709 1 388 096 2 003 509 559 479 664 549 374 154 430 358 516 038 2 050 477 1 094 183 709 269 4 856 2 042 584 1 232 264 673 129 1 139 655 412 041 1 032 170 390 165 356 651 481 923 4 720 1 517 746 1 327 810 636 307 727 287 115 458 902 046 104 759 692 869 188 630 5 068 6 492 447 21.4 3 956 178 1 607 889 1 959 075 3 166 19 025 235 9.8 13 148 968 2 854 161 5 695 183 2 231 488 3 836 033 26 422 974 50 983 766

125 432 27.0 51 562 104 796 58 315 63 196 12 167 23 948 2 515 15 017 11 211 62 109 54 404 18 332 5 938 51 812 39 646 23 123 29 345 7 005 23 835 5 732 16 184 9 170 5 977 61 131 55 054 29 124 26 600 3 922 32 129 4 531 34 480 7 631 5 922 113 823 40.9 53 431 21 090 16 360 3 714 603 188 30.9 342 785 33 219 254 431 102 229 168 816 747 713 1 099 251

91 365 20.8 43 890 74 270 41 572 45 281 9 558 15 362 2 554 10 281 10 465 44 628 38 042 15 445 5 943 41 061 30 035 17 437 22 391 5 817 18 724 5 963 12 347 8 422 5 961 41 543 37 247 20 009 18 019 2 898 21 692 3 699 23 063 5 806 5 906 97 221 35.3 47 850 22 014 19 344 3 591 524 127 28.8 287 907 35 547 231 410 93 041 153 422 654 945 977 366

182 507 11.6 34 949 138 221 69 476 84 290 20 163 18 003 162 490 14 894 14 090 105 940 58 794 11 910 6 099 120 010 90 804 49 199 60 611 16 546 72 158 11 150 34 647 8 076 6 266 47 873 39 608 17 660 16 518 2 467 24 192 2 111 21 009 2 967 5 786 258 514 32.6 104 308 12 380 22 688 4 504 997 196 14.1 650 705 52 129 337 128 120 474 237 862 1 274 873 2 151 021

108 563 8.0 21 520 83 067 45 332 49 472 10 769 14 688 47 460 12 097 10 255 65 621 39 347 11 409 5 539 56 243 39 004 22 512 27 432 7 534 33 090 7 514 15 259 7 022 5 819 44 491 39 376 20 529 17 908 2 504 27 359 2 218 22 326 3 582 5 275 230 404 25.3 101 661 18 985 33 516 4 051 870 894 13.1 540 973 58 542 323 208 114 793 228 557 1 130 710 1 929 446

2 1 1

3 5

539 976 25.6 106 013 479 014 280 486 286 909 81 915 70 039 263 841 71 779 24 119 151 014 190 959 47 839 6 012 247 586 214 691 133 507 173 019 57 356 61 665 13 688 44 621 24 046 5 926 247 067 227 809 123 851 83 583 16 173 76 943 8 540 138 697 19 999 6 215 415 287 40.9 115 496 20 674 35 723 4 113 675 816 28.2 447 189 79 453 203 558 467 361 812 936 475 348 537 425

143 053 14.4 29 842 115 774 63 709 62 174 14 102 24 804 22 716 18 425 12 696 77 044 62 549 18 218 5 542 50 345 34 549 19 721 25 892 8 223 26 938 7 101 13 110 8 621 5 379 82 861 74 179 40 345 31 374 4 820 44 863 4 652 46 911 8 133 5 686 144 094 23.5 103 749 28 920 38 730 3 349 345 371 17.1 306 871 52 109 35 071 16 033 21 478 458 110 761 162

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

487

Section Five: Census Data

Table 131.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Selected Characteristics of Persons 60 Years and Over by Age for Race and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

United States

Not of Hispanic origin

All persons

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

10 635 762 10 521 298 114 464 59 648 18 218 481 17 884 074 334 407 247 973 12 976 794 11 580 219 1 396 575 1 305 978

9 222 857 9 129 708 93 149 49 488 16 138 327 15 849 192 289 135 216 156 11 691 745 10 394 133 1 297 612 1 216 973

8 879 428 8 789 983 89 445 48 124 15 689 368 15 406 503 282 865 212 476 11 424 212 10 142 768 1 281 444 1 202 833

967 950 17 8 1 511 1 473 38 27 989 906 82 75

266 133 133 460 617 298 319 637 224 761 463 047

951 934 16 8 1 491 1 453 37 27 978 896 81 74

10 1 2 3 1 1 18 3 3 5 2 2 12 4 2 2 1 1

9 1 1 3 1 1 16 2 3 5 2 1 11 3 2 2 1 1

8 1 1 3 1 1 15 2 3 5 2 1 11 3 2 2 1 1

Total

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

Total

Not of Hispanic origin

528 932 596 377 442 827 615 335 269 476 793 509

54 040 53 196 844 459 74 320 72 706 1 614 1 211 43 403 40 038 3 365 3 026

51 577 50 814 763 400 71 373 69 787 1 586 1 205 41 857 38 555 3 302 2 975

215 276 213 796 1 480 507 295 142 292 155 2 987 1 526 147 432 140 077 7 355 5 688

210 124 208 740 1 384 507 288 994 286 094 2 900 1 493 143 510 136 265 7 245 5 610

176 323 174 465 1 858 734 199 075 196 723 2 352 1 443 104 990 99 210 5 780 5 244

4 243 4 169 74 44 6 292 6 211 81 30 3 762 3 535 227 169

4 243 1 295 1 090 891 598 369 6 292 2 512 1 523 1 197 588 472 3 762 1 822 703 670 290 277

LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Persons 60 to 64 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 65 to 74 years In households In group quarters Nursing homes Persons 75 years and over In households In group quarters Nursing homes

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Persons 60 to 64 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 65 to 74 years Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher Persons 75 years and over Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree or higher

635 627 111 429 884 582 218 636 789 774 897 120 976 453 709 961 616 236

762 746 592 376 132 916 481 494 423 343 366 855 794 073 473 417 777 054

222 178 737 133 716 456 138 770 267 398 715 986 691 705 456 809 544 175

857 437 520 885 401 614 327 848 541 514 353 071 745 588 934 591 620 012

3 863 77 151 239 639 671 788 1 295 1 637 282 341 254 356 186 215

879 037 668 069 675 428 689 554 180 322 674 957 424 540 412 778 530 163

428 848 702 262 049 567 368 840 054 349 456 669 212 182 805 057 042 126

967 269 300 207 115 75 1 511 602 430 268 126 84 989 570 212 112 52 41

266 444 300 190 056 276 617 045 385 099 189 899 224 377 268 772 176 631

951 262 296 204 113 74 1 491 592 425 264 124 83 978 564 209 111 51 41

528 825 632 507 468 096 442 123 866 635 870 948 269 328 953 389 462 137

54 18 12 11 8 3 74 28 17 14 9 4 43 22 8 6 3 2

040 368 667 091 131 783 320 536 347 298 630 509 403 788 732 188 664 031

51 17 12 10 7 3 71 27 16 13 9 4 41 21 8 6 3 1

577 298 128 626 863 662 373 069 751 898 279 376 857 841 450 027 590 949

215 52 29 56 34 42 295 99 43 73 38 41 147 73 19 25 13 15

276 212 774 331 205 754 142 123 146 375 129 369 432 358 361 595 434 684

210 50 28 55 33 41 288 96 42 72 37 40 143 71 18 24 12 15

124 696 862 439 433 694 994 881 111 224 348 430 510 400 844 953 938 375

176 109 31 20 10 4 199 135 31 20 8 4 104 80 12 7 2 1

323 285 331 879 339 489 075 942 004 057 065 007 990 962 178 271 883 696

733 968 376 904 545 469 016 455 5.1

3 488 62 123 206 572 611 720 1 192

671 175 305 430 447 710 604 000 4.3

3 282 57 114 192 536 574 676 1 131

559 264 569 695 167 157 548 159 4.2

239 10 19 22 45 39 43 58

742 233 109 805 170 677 877 871 12.9

264 9 18 22 49 45 51 66

172 991 808 927 222 321 072 831 11.0

17 1 1 2 3 2 2 3

231 037 913 037 616 821 630 177 17.7

22 1 1 2 4 4 4 4

705 060 819 389 806 113 001 517 12.4

64 1 2 2 7 7 11 31

957 918 231 775 488 716 469 360 7.3

74 1 1 2 7 9 14 36

498 422 566 566 547 815 817 765 3.9

53 2 4 5 10 9 9 10

132 605 818 857 824 545 436 047 16.4

46 1 2 3 7 8 9 14

944 179 231 339 668 456 599 472 6.5

721 378 892 933 102 922 494 24.6

1 384 198 277 223 317 168 198

341 467 250 101 937 805 781 21.1

1 295 187 257 208 296 158 185

398 694 288 817 796 847 956 21.2

206 71 52 26 30 14 12

669 238 242 007 588 299 295 45.2

207 64 51 27 34 15 14

563 331 129 939 111 316 737 41.1

9 3 2 1 1

561 184 848 163 315 521 530 45.3

10 2 2 1 1

914 852 709 553 933 923 944 35.7

17 2 2 2 3 2 3

243 671 825 373 770 287 317 20.9

29 3 4 3 6 4 6

234 539 923 742 618 251 161 17.1

19 6 6 2 2 1

907 818 727 289 492 010 571 50.2

30 5 7 4 6 3 3

104 196 412 114 805 271 306 26.0

6 105 105 377 683 1 565 1 168 1 006 1 197

480 626 532 471 961 869 332 689 4.8 4 238 144 673 028 1 351 851 783 518 792 343 315 489 321 915 22.6

5 607 83 310 608 1 450 1 093 938 1 122

732 632 633 600 842 356 300 369 3.9 3 724 122 496 672 1 155 260 721 399 742 747 298 602 309 442 19.4

5 285 78 291 570 1 366 1 030 886 1 061

558 609 046 662 436 540 401 864 3.9 3 484 726 469 343 1 076 453 675 492 694 260 279 497 289 681 19.5

344 15 50 54 84 52 44 42

141 289 250 655 386 278 844 439 15.2 430 259 153 485 163 614 52 172 39 690 12 903 8 395 46.8

409 14 47 60 103 67 57 58

687 590 971 317 387 944 101 377 11.5 467 081 140 627 171 212 65 335 55 084 19 417 15 406 40.0

21 1 3 3 5 3 2 1

183 046 160 823 632 265 329 928 17.6 18 762 5 199 7 608 2 364 2 214 778 599 39.4

33 714 996 3 536 5 326 9 416 6 217 4 284 3 939 10.7 26 019 5 570 9 624 4 617 3 838 1 402 968 30.2

80 3 5 7 12 11 14 25

457 201 545 357 494 995 461 404 9.4 31 951 6 586 9 745 4 494 5 526 2 653 2 947 25.8

109 2 4 7 20 19 20 34

340 245 438 633 001 451 762 810 4.4 66 976 8 454 18 871 11 252 14 453 6 369 7 577 17.9

51 2 7 9 12 7 6 5

967 458 944 036 607 975 398 549 17.9 33 050 11 086 15 624 3 089 2 166 553 532 49.0

74 1 5 9 19 14 12 12

2 751 73 311 488 754 427 323 371

2 542 60 263 444 706 403 307 355

2 395 57 248 416 665 381 289 336

148 9 37 32 34 15 10 8

182 9 35 37 46 22 15 15

7 965 512 2 215 1 676 1 704 839 513 506 25.0 14 618 5 268 6 178 1 513 1 071 299 289 48.2

15 797 633 2 996 3 352 4 244 1 952 1 349 1 271 14.9 27 370 6 729 11 916 4 017 2 713 1 106 889 35.5

32 1 3 5 6 4 4 5

45 1 3 6 10 7 7 9

19 1 4 4 4 2 1 1

36 1 3 7 10 5 4 4

INCOME AND POVERTY STATUS IN 1989 Married-couple families, householder 60 to 64 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 60 to 64 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 65 to 74 years Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 65 to 74 years living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Married-couple families, householder 75 years and over Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 to $49,999 $50,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level Persons 75 years and over living alone Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 to $24,999 $25,000 to $34,999 $35,000 or more Percent with income in 1989 below poverty level

461 814 762 925 492 153 881 434 7.7 4 751 106 896 651 1 870 393 790 052 654 606 256 210 283 194 27.0

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

488

448 830 707 636 952 886 237 200 6.7 4 338 947 719 314 1 701 222 755 439 633 951 250 267 278 754 24.3

404 953 211 606 932 170 441 091 6.7 4 062 720 677 911 1 585 707 707 020 594 867 234 991 262 224 24.4

492 935 150 231 701 729 085 661 22.5 351 051 157 644 140 919 28 830 16 429 4 379 2 850 57.7

777 198 949 758 102 821 750 199 16.4 426 052 151 993 173 467 47 247 32 583 11 052 9 710 47.2

995 326 964 737 714 688 614 952 11.0 23 059 5 380 10 591 2 577 2 444 1 006 1 061 32.9

593 040 467 607 313 646 061 459 5.9 67 471 10 001 25 847 11 616 9 983 4 474 5 550 21.4

561 211 726 645 421 011 432 115 22.5 23 431 9 045 11 483 1 693 711 259 240 53.1

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

931 767 138 328 768 187 008 735 5.8 71 599 11 323 26 063 12 654 12 199 4 796 4 564 23.4 908 158 945 195 453 597 361 199 7.5 72 639 13 529 32 223 11 505 9 291 2 987 3 104 27.4

149

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Section Five: Census Data

1990 CH-1-1

1990 Census of Housing General Housing Characteristics

United States

489

Section Five: Census Data

Table 1.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Housing Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States

All housing units

Occupied housing units Percent

Vacancy rate

Percent

In buildings with 10 or more units

Total

Median persons in unit

Mean number of persons per room

Specified renter

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

Homeowner

Rental

78 300

372

.9

2.1

8.5

Total

Median rooms

1 unit, detached or attached

248 709 873 102 263 678

5.2

64.3

12.9

91 947 410

2.29

.49

64.2

4.9

21.7

24.6

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

76 64 33 31 12 5 6 26 3 1 21

212 201 030 170 010 644 366 051 097 740 213

052 132 250 882 920 570 350 626 406 468 752

5.1 5.1 4.7 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.4

60.6 59.1 51.1 67.6 68.3 66.6 69.7 75.3 73.2 77.0 75.5

16.8 18.6 23.0 14.0 7.2 8.7 5.8 1.3 3.5 1.9 .9

70 59 30 29 10 5 5 21 2 1 17

045 251 147 104 793 169 623 902 676 464 761

167 993 116 877 174 559 615 243 603 016 624

2.25 2.26 2.16 2.35 2.21 2.20 2.23 2.43 2.24 2.22 2.47

.49 .49 .51 .47 .47 .47 .47 .48 .46 .46 .48

59.1 58.4 49.1 68.1 62.6 59.1 65.8 80.6 71.6 75.8 82.3

5.4 5.7 7.3 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

21.5 20.6 21.2 20.0 26.5 25.0 27.8 22.5 29.0 31.3 20.8

26.3 26.2 30.1 22.3 26.9 27.4 26.4 18.9 25.8 26.6 17.2

84 91 72 109 55 56 54 63 49 35 69

200 700 300 900 100 700 100 300 700 800 600

386 407 370 475 267 280 253 244 225 187 260

.9 .9 .9 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .6 .4 .4 .7

2.2 2.1 2.4 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.4 1.9 2.3 2.5 1.8

8.4 8.3 8.6 7.9 8.8 8.5 9.2 9.0 10.3 11.7 8.4

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

37 17 20 12 6 6 9 4 5 15 6 8 26 15 10 7 4 3 6 3 2 7 4 2 4 3 1

658 094 564 967 412 554 665 146 519 024 534 489 542 936 606 510 069 441 354 502 852 734 957 777 942 406 535

159 157 002 605 779 826 903 422 481 651 956 695 973 093 880 542 420 122 909 161 748 865 616 249 657 896 761

5.0 4.5 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.4 5.3 4.7 5.7 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.3

56.3 43.5 66.9 46.5 26.8 65.8 61.3 50.8 69.1 61.6 55.3 66.4 63.1 59.2 68.9 60.5 54.6 67.5 64.9 61.0 69.7 63.2 59.6 69.6 64.6 62.3 69.6

22.4 30.1 16.1 28.3 41.7 15.2 20.1 25.9 15.8 18.9 21.4 17.0 13.3 15.5 9.9 16.0 19.0 12.5 13.0 15.5 9.9 12.4 14.6 8.6 10.8 12.7 6.5

34 15 19 12 5 6 8 3 5 13 5 7 24 14 9 6 3 3 5 3 2 7 4 2 4 3 1

897 561 335 213 980 233 941 701 239 742 879 863 354 585 768 886 690 195 840 195 644 100 563 537 527 135 392

543 630 913 357 246 111 231 940 291 955 444 511 450 486 964 227 862 365 087 892 195 845 687 158 291 045 246

2.28 2.15 2.37 2.34 2.21 2.45 2.26 2.10 2.37 2.23 2.14 2.30 2.23 2.16 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.32 2.25 2.17 2.34 2.24 2.18 2.34 2.22 2.17 2.31

.50 .55 .47 .56 .63 .50 .48 .51 .46 .48 .50 .46 .47 .48 .46 .47 .48 .46 .47 .48 .46 .48 .48 .47 .47 .47 .47

57.0 44.3 67.2 51.3 35.1 66.7 59.1 47.3 67.5 60.7 51.7 67.4 60.5 54.2 69.9 59.7 51.6 69.2 61.7 54.7 70.2 59.9 54.5 69.5 61.0 56.3 71.7

7.0 9.9 4.7 10.5 14.1 7.0 5.4 8.0 3.5 5.1 6.8 3.7 3.8 4.5 2.8 3.8 4.8 2.7 4.0 5.0 2.7 3.8 4.4 2.9 3.5 3.8 2.8

20.0 20.7 19.4 20.5 20.8 20.2 18.5 19.6 17.7 20.5 21.4 19.8 21.4 21.6 21.1 20.8 20.8 20.7 21.4 21.6 21.2 21.0 21.4 20.3 23.1 23.0 23.4

26.3 31.2 22.4 26.0 30.9 21.2 26.8 32.9 22.6 26.3 30.4 23.3 26.1 28.9 22.0 26.7 30.4 22.5 25.9 29.0 22.0 25.8 28.2 21.6 26.1 28.0 21.7

116 86 130 184 176 186 112 68 135 86 76 91 73 65 83 77 64 89 74 66 83 73 67 83 65 62 69

900 900 000 100 100 400 600 200 400 600 600 200 300 300 600 400 100 800 400 100 400 700 600 000 000 700 500

457 409 518 509 460 600 462 386 551 407 368 451 349 329 391 362 332 419 352 333 384 350 336 386 317 313 333

.9 .8 1.0 .7 .6 .8 1.0 .9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 .8 1.2 1.0 1.1 .8 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .9

2.1 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.3 1.7 2.0 2.6 1.7 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0

8.1 8.4 7.6 5.8 5.9 5.7 9.1 10.6 7.3 9.7 10.0 9.4 8.7 8.9 8.3 9.2 9.7 8.2 8.9 9.3 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.3

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

77 32 45 34 31 3 10 24 8

644 641 003 761 243 517 242 619 843 662 181 084 096 775

313 254 059 039 819 220 020 365 531 407 124 848 276 834

5.2 4.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.3

62.0 51.0 69.9 67.7 67.6 68.6 77.3 71.7 67.6 61.4 68.1 66.1 70.1 74.0

15.9 23.1 10.7 13.3 14.0 7.3 1.5 3.3 7.3 10.1 7.0 8.6 5.5 1.1

71 29 41 32 29 3 9 20 7

265 793 471 340 201 139 130 682 938 575 363 735 628 743

264 822 442 947 839 108 495 146 898 362 536 404 132 248

2.30 2.16 2.39 2.35 2.35 2.33 2.52 2.29 2.17 2.19 2.16 2.16 2.17 2.36

.49 .51 .47 .47 .47 .49 .47 .47 .47 .47 .47 .47 .46 .48

61.8 49.0 71.0 67.8 68.0 65.3 82.6 72.4 61.6 60.4 61.7 58.5 64.9 79.2

5.3 7.3 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.7 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

20.5 21.2 20.0 20.3 19.9 23.8 19.0 25.9 27.4 23.8 27.7 25.7 29.7 25.0

24.9 30.2 21.1 22.3 22.2 23.2 16.5 23.5 28.2 25.6 28.4 28.5 28.3 20.6

89 71 99 105 110 72 82 50 50 73 49 51 46 49

100 600 000 400 400 700 600 100 600 800 300 800 900 700

400 369 444 461 476 324 306 235 253 323 249 265 224 211

.9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .6 .8 .6 .6 1.0 .6 .6 .5 .5

2.1 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.0

8.3 8.6 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.3 8.2 9.3 9.0 8.6 9.1 8.8 9.5 9.5

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

49 20 29 20 8 11 12 4 8 16 6 9 27 12 15 10 4 5 8 3 5 7 3 4

751 135 616 260 793 467 946 568 378 544 773 771 892 505 386 259 482 776 785 662 122 981 810 171 865 549 315

864 413 451 608 324 284 676 534 142 580 555 025 449 841 608 792 864 928 646 926 720 325 250 075 686 801 885

5.1 4.6 5.5 5.0 4.3 5.5 5.2 4.6 5.6 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.5

59.6 45.1 69.4 54.5 35.4 69.1 61.0 48.4 67.9 64.7 55.4 71.1 66.2 60.6 70.8 64.9 57.8 70.4 67.3 62.3 70.9 66.8 61.9 71.2 66.9 63.3 73.1

19.0 28.0 13.0 22.6 35.0 13.1 20.1 28.2 15.6 13.8 18.6 10.6 10.3 15.4 6.2 12.5 18.5 7.9 9.4 14.0 6.1 8.7 13.6 4.2 8.3 11.7 2.5

45 18 27 18 8 10 11 4 7 15 6 9 25 11 13 9 4 5 7 3 4 7 3 3

957 366 590 913 179 734 848 059 788 195 127 067 307 427 880 345 069 275 944 352 591 224 498 725 793 505 287

542 553 989 934 362 572 591 898 693 017 293 724 722 269 453 825 887 938 081 818 263 474 653 821 342 911 431

2.30 2.16 2.39 2.34 2.21 2.43 2.30 2.09 2.40 2.26 2.13 2.35 2.28 2.16 2.38 2.28 2.14 2.38 2.30 2.18 2.37 2.27 2.15 2.38 2.26 2.15 2.44

.49 .54 .47 .53 .60 .49 .48 .51 .46 .47 .48 .46 .48 .48 .47 .48 .48 .47 .48 .48 .48 .47 .47 .48 .46 .46 .47

59.9 45.4 69.6 56.2 40.3 68.3 61.3 46.3 69.1 63.5 51.6 71.6 65.2 54.7 73.9 64.0 53.0 72.4 66.2 55.5 74.0 65.8 55.5 75.6 64.8 57.9 77.0

6.1 9.0 4.2 8.8 12.5 6.0 5.2 8.0 3.8 3.5 5.0 2.6 3.9 4.5 3.4 4.0 5.0 3.3 4.3 5.1 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.5 2.8 2.2

19.9 20.7 19.4 20.4 21.0 19.9 18.1 19.9 17.2 20.7 20.9 20.6 21.6 21.9 21.2 20.7 21.4 20.3 22.4 22.5 22.3 21.7 21.9 21.5 22.0 23.1 20.0

25.2 30.9 21.4 25.1 30.3 21.2 25.3 32.6 21.5 25.2 30.4 21.6 24.3 29.1 20.4 24.8 30.0 20.8 23.6 28.3 20.2 24.3 28.7 20.1 25.3 28.8 19.1

111 85 121 173 157 178 94 70 103 81 71 87 67 61 72 73 65 79 67 61 71 61 58 64 57 54 61

500 100 700 600 400 000 800 500 200 700 000 100 800 800 300 900 700 400 700 800 400 600 600 100 400 900 800

444 404 495 515 466 587 422 366 478 377 356 405 324 318 337 342 327 364 329 322 340 303 306 297 289 289 288

.9 .8 1.0 .9 .8 1.0 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 1.1 .9 .9 .8 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .7 .8 .9 .4

2.1 2.4 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.6 1.9 2.1 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.9 2.2 1.6

8.0 8.3 7.6 6.1 6.1 6.1 9.9 11.0 8.9 9.2 9.8 8.4 8.9 9.2 8.6 9.1 9.8 8.3 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.9 8.8 9.1 8.4 8.8 7.1

All persons

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA 1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

8 4 4 15

7 3 3 12

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA 1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

490

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

1

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place

Rural

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area

United States

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

91 947 410 76 880 105 9 976 161 591 372 570 332 13 877 7 163 2 013 735 1 922 097 504 048 348 847 310 945 237 800 202 556 143 095 28 957 13 742 30 188 23 021 78 898 3 466 1 757 9 793 3 941 751 23 302 3 562 32 326 91 638 56 839 12 933 12 875 8 991 3 383 219 214 298 1 724 3 153 2 486 037

70 045 167 56 613 098 8 836 740 349 899 338 090 6 888 4 921 1 934 866 1 852 147 492 808 333 089 293 467 227 406 197 382 139 769 28 510 13 371 28 840 22 080 75 425 3 396 1 701 9 497 3 865 691 22 572 3 423 30 280 82 719 49 649 12 434 12 033 8 603 3 262 202 206 289 1 683 2 961 2 310 564

59 251 993 47 112 854 7 996 181 252 845 244 718 4 082 4 045 1 823 436 1 756 780 477 366 310 812 267 566 216 627 191 109 135 497 27 673 12 391 26 245 20 943 70 551 3 264 1 635 8 853 3 294 614 21 607 3 239 28 045 66 656 36 413 11 361 11 168 7 714 2 947 174 184 233 1 625 2 551 2 066 677

30 147 116 21 600 072 5 970 947 155 508 149 813 3 070 2 625 995 571 961 132 277 244 164 490 139 814 100 559 98 801 77 235 21 172 10 883 18 848 11 125 40 961 2 404 772 4 424 2 414 316 11 615 1 695 17 321 34 439 18 801 5 886 5 924 3 828 1 325 107 90 147 716 1 443 1 425 018

29 104 877 25 512 782 2 025 234 97 337 94 905 1 012 1 420 827 865 795 648 200 122 146 322 127 752 116 068 92 308 58 262 6 501 1 508 7 397 9 818 29 590 860 863 4 429 880 298 9 992 1 544 10 724 32 217 17 612 5 475 5 244 3 886 1 622 67 94 86 909 1 108 641 659

10 793 174 9 500 244 840 559 97 054 93 372 2 806 876 111 430 95 367 15 442 22 277 25 901 10 779 6 273 4 272 837 980 2 595 1 137 4 874 132 66 644 571 77 965 184 2 235 16 063 13 236 1 073 865 889 315 28 22 56 58 410 243 887

5 169 559 4 486 590 441 625 42 111 41 350 518 243 62 955 57 310 10 359 10 713 15 324 6 875 4 293 2 772 588 735 1 528 765 3 358 101 45 517 479 33 699 132 1 352 5 645 4 374 351 511 409 100 6 13 41 25 224 136 278

5 623 615 5 013 654 398 934 54 943 52 022 2 288 633 48 475 38 057 5 083 11 564 10 577 3 904 1 980 1 500 249 245 1 067 372 1 516 31 21 127 92 44 266 52 883 10 418 8 862 722 354 480 215 22 9 15 33 186 107 609

21 902 243 20 267 007 1 139 421 241 473 232 242 6 989 2 242 78 869 69 950 11 240 15 758 17 478 10 394 5 174 3 326 447 371 1 348 941 3 473 70 56 296 76 60 730 139 2 046 8 919 7 190 499 842 388 121 17 8 9 41 192 175 473

2 676 603 2 452 238 143 168 31 067 30 468 287 312 17 569 14 525 1 330 4 796 5 096 1 039 571 669 100 37 334 109 444 6 4 37 13 13 75 9 287 3 044 2 704 121 109 110 52 6 2 2 11 37 32 561

1 464 016 1 346 368 67 033 37 317 30 239 5 809 1 269 4 208 3 358 308 1 135 1 177 195 156 94 15 6 77 45 150 1 2 4 4 7 22 1 109 850 751 24 41 34 11 2 1 – 1 19 9 090

17 761 624 16 468 401 929 220 173 089 171 535 893 661 57 092 52 067 9 602 9 827 11 205 9 160 4 447 2 563 332 328 937 787 2 879 63 50 255 59 40 633 129 1 650 5 025 3 735 354 692 244 58 9 5 7 29 136 133 822

91 947 410 6 001 718 3 342 524 825 933 391 261 1 442 000 85 945 692

70 045 167 5 530 932 3 004 494 801 701 382 645 1 342 092 64 514 235

59 251 993 4 988 301 2 584 470 776 518 376 004 1 251 309 54 263 692

30 147 116 3 235 169 1 658 679 600 150 195 845 780 495 26 911 947

29 104 877 1 753 132 925 791 176 368 180 159 470 814 27 351 745

10 793 542 420 25 6 90 10 250

5 169 291 230 13 3 43 4 878

5 623 251 189 11 2 47 5 372

21 902 470 338 24 8 99 21 431

2 676 82 62 3

603 639 622 172 835 16 010 2 593 964

1 464 016 23 929 16 839 689 160 6 241 1 440 087

17 761 364 258 20 7 77 17 397

91 76 3 73 9

70 56 2 53 8

59 47 2 44 7

30 21 1 19 5

29 25 1 24 2

877 782 086 696 234 775 459 337 612 725 865 537 328 659 122 537

10 793 174 9 500 244 286 019 9 214 225 840 559 6 798 833 761 97 054 4 552 92 502 111 430 5 684 105 746 243 887 239 578 4 309

5 169 559 4 486 590 148 279 4 338 311 441 625 4 004 437 621 42 111 2 365 39 746 62 955 2 629 60 326 136 278 133 978 2 300

5 623 615 5 013 654 137 740 4 875 914 398 934 2 794 396 140 54 943 2 187 52 756 48 475 3 055 45 420 107 609 105 600 2 009

21 902 243 20 267 007 284 798 19 982 209 1 139 421 5 765 1 133 656 241 473 5 548 235 925 78 869 3 855 75 014 175 473 170 820 4 653

2 676 603 2 452 238 48 233 2 404 005 143 168 726 142 442 31 067 836 30 231 17 569 1 047 16 522 32 561 31 797 764

1 464 016 1 346 368 14 059 1 332 309 67 033 240 66 793 37 317 452 36 865 4 208 270 3 938 9 090 8 908 182

17 761 624 16 468 401 222 506 16 245 895 929 220 4 799 924 421 173 089 4 260 168 829 57 092 2 538 54 554 133 822 130 115 3 707

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

174 631 024 183 641 783 543

559 255 574 874 747 060 304

615 376 450 309 894 723 239

243 786 030 232 616 908 457

624 218 569 371 621 657 406

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

9

2 1 2 2

947 880 246 633 976 209 766 591 39 551 013 75 938 486 430 55

410 105 356 749 161 390 771 372 978 394 735 147 588 037 847 190

8

1 1 2 2

045 613 961 651 836 203 633 349 34 315 934 71 863 310 260 50

167 098 558 540 740 625 115 899 430 469 866 292 574 564 027 537

7

1 1 2 2

251 112 675 437 996 196 799 252 29 222 823 65 757 066 020 46

993 854 539 315 181 827 354 845 878 967 436 608 828 677 449 228

147 600 625 974 970 157 5 813 155 19 136 995 40 955 1 425 1 393 31

116 072 453 619 947 052 895 508 266 242 571 071 500 018 327 691

104 512 050 462 025 39 1 985 97 10 86 827 25 802 641 627 14

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 83.6 10.8 .6 .6 2.2 2.1 .1 2.7

100.0 80.8 12.6 .5 .5 2.8 2.6 .1 3.3

100.0 79.5 13.5 .4 .4 3.1 3.0 .1 3.5

100.0 71.6 19.8 .5 .5 3.3 3.2 .1 4.7

100.0 87.7 7.0 .3 .3 2.8 2.7 .1 2.2

100.0 88.0 7.8 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .1 2.3

100.0 86.8 8.5 .8 .8 1.2 1.1 .1 2.6

100.0 89.2 7.1 1.0 .9 .9 .7 .2 1.9

100.0 92.5 5.2 1.1 1.1 .4 .3 – .8

100.0 91.6 5.3 1.2 1.1 .7 .5 .1 1.2

100.0 92.0 4.6 2.5 2.1 .3 .2 .1 .6

100.0 92.7 5.2 1.0 1.0 .3 .3 – .8

100.0 6.5 3.6 .9 .4 1.6 93.5

100.0 7.9 4.3 1.1 .5 1.9 92.1

100.0 8.4 4.4 1.3 .6 2.1 91.6

100.0 10.7 5.5 2.0 .6 2.6 89.3

100.0 6.0 3.2 .6 .6 1.6 94.0

100.0 5.0 3.9 .2 .1 .8 95.0

100.0 5.6 4.5 .3 .1 .8 94.4

100.0 4.5 3.4 .2 .1 .8 95.5

100.0 2.1 1.5 .1 – .5 97.9

100.0 3.1 2.3 .1 – .6 96.9

100.0 1.6 1.2 – – .4 98.4

100.0 2.1 1.5 .1 – .4 97.9

100.0 83.6 80.1

100.0 80.8 76.6

100.0 79.5 75.0

100.0 71.6 66.3

100.0 87.7 84.1

100.0 88.0 85.4

100.0 86.8 83.9

100.0 89.2 86.7

100.0 92.5 91.2

100.0 91.6 89.8

100.0 92.0 91.0

100.0 92.7 91.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

2

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

491

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] 1,000,000 or more

United States Population Size Class of Urbanized Area

Total

5,000,000 or more

2,500,000 to 4,999,999

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

34 897 543 26 635 557 5 252 282 128 575 124 652 1 604 2 319 1 355 163 1 322 958 389 443 240 143 163 786 167 249 153 034 104 211 17 652 5 163 13 573 16 082 52 622 2 674 1 356 6 786 1 657 201 17 559 2 365 20 024 32 205 12 622 7 218 7 469 4 896 1 731 92 119 108 1 290 1 556 1 525 966

15 561 630 10 039 879 3 768 376 68 687 66 576 882 1 229 686 728 672 219 215 419 122 819 72 901 71 285 73 939 54 394 12 392 4 480 8 314 7 974 28 302 2 002 602 2 902 992 84 9 120 1 098 11 502 14 509 5 229 3 449 3 858 1 973 580 56 55 56 447 779 997 960

19 335 913 16 595 678 1 483 906 59 888 58 076 722 1 090 668 435 650 739 174 024 117 324 90 885 95 964 79 095 49 817 5 260 683 5 259 8 108 24 320 672 754 3 884 665 117 8 439 1 267 8 522 17 696 7 393 3 769 3 611 2 923 1 151 36 64 52 843 777 528 006

12 213 357 8 715 609 1 912 046 36 625 35 327 515 783 655 466 644 219 187 567 108 629 87 843 86 178 94 903 34 572 7 004 177 1 725 9 376 26 245 1 860 614 3 506 605 79 9 733 1 235 8 613 11 247 4 290 3 179 2 561 1 217 421 32 27 19 193 525 893 611

5 980 246 3 560 593 1 463 187 20 455 19 645 330 480 344 618 339 194 104 394 58 675 37 155 43 513 53 665 13 768 5 566 119 993 5 224 16 122 1 614 283 1 403 412 33 6 183 661 5 533 5 424 1 817 1 478 1 604 525 123 21 13 8 114 246 591 393

6 233 111 5 155 016 448 859 16 170 15 682 185 303 310 848 305 025 83 173 49 954 50 688 42 665 41 238 20 804 1 438 58 732 4 152 10 123 246 331 2 103 193 46 3 550 574 3 080 5 823 2 473 1 701 957 692 298 11 14 11 79 279 302 218

8 941 231 6 686 811 1 588 712 28 181 27 392 344 445 362 354 354 131 127 669 63 411 29 849 45 496 30 049 31 052 4 914 305 3 876 3 358 14 152 556 509 1 469 492 47 4 881 602 5 596 8 223 3 112 1 504 1 637 1 970 841 30 24 21 622 432 275 173

3 701 940 2 181 437 1 158 641 12 718 12 355 167 196 166 311 163 565 72 070 24 999 12 701 14 261 9 997 16 413 3 121 263 2 015 1 377 6 348 252 206 610 289 17 1 898 213 2 863 2 746 1 042 641 637 426 167 17 5 3 61 173 182 833

5 239 291 4 505 374 430 071 15 463 15 037 177 249 196 043 190 566 55 599 38 412 17 148 31 235 20 052 14 639 1 793 42 1 861 1 981 7 804 304 303 859 203 30 2 983 389 2 733 5 477 2 070 863 1 000 1 544 674 13 19 18 561 259 92 340

34 897 543 3 683 627 1 750 555 591 527 343 610 997 935 31 213 916

15 561 630 2 245 865 999 414 462 034 178 594 605 823 13 315 765

19 335 913 1 437 762 751 141 129 493 165 016 392 112 17 898 151

12 213 357 1 938 047 836 673 447 455 86 054 567 865 10 275 310

5 980 246 1 224 019 406 336 379 781 44 147 393 755 4 756 227

6 233 714 430 67 41 174 5 519

8 941 596 336 65 14 179 8 345

3 701 353 210 44 7 90 3 348

5 239 242 125 20 7 88 4 996

34 26 1 24 5

15 10 1 8 3

630 879 261 618 376 382 994 687 874 813 728 918 810 960 430 530

19 335 913 16 595 678 860 160 15 735 518 1 483 906 33 031 1 450 875 59 888 8 000 51 888 668 435 19 430 649 005 528 006 517 141 10 865

12 213 357 8 715 609 912 319 7 803 290 1 912 046 112 487 1 799 559 36 625 9 266 27 359 655 466 24 863 630 603 893 611 879 112 14 499

5 980 246 3 560 593 523 520 3 037 073 1 463 187 96 983 1 366 204 20 455 5 702 14 753 344 618 16 255 328 363 591 393 581 559 9 834

6 233 111 5 155 016 388 799 4 766 217 448 859 15 504 433 355 16 170 3 564 12 606 310 848 8 608 302 240 302 218 297 553 4 665

8 941 231 6 686 811 291 498 6 395 313 1 588 712 24 146 1 564 566 28 181 3 226 24 955 362 354 10 267 352 087 275 173 266 916 8 257

3 701 940 2 181 437 151 294 2 030 143 1 158 641 17 639 1 141 002 12 718 1 833 10 885 166 311 5 122 161 189 182 833 177 657 5 176

5 239 291 4 505 374 140 204 4 365 170 430 071 6 507 423 564 15 463 1 393 14 070 196 043 5 145 190 898 92 340 89 259 3 081

100.0 76.3 15.1 .4 .4 3.9 3.8 .1 4.4

100.0 64.5 24.2 .4 .4 4.4 4.3 .1 6.4

100.0 85.8 7.7 .3 .3 3.5 3.4 .1 2.7

100.0 71.4 15.7 .3 .3 5.4 5.3 .1 7.3

100.0 59.5 24.5 .3 .3 5.8 5.7 .1 9.9

100.0 82.7 7.2 .3 .3 5.0 4.9 .1 4.8

100.0 74.8 17.8 .3 .3 4.1 4.0 .1 3.1

100.0 58.9 31.3 .3 .3 4.5 4.4 .1 4.9

100.0 86.0 8.2 .3 .3 3.7 3.6 .1 1.8

100.0 10.6 5.0 1.7 1.0 2.9 89.4

100.0 14.4 6.4 3.0 1.1 3.9 85.6

100.0 7.4 3.9 .7 .9 2.0 92.6

100.0 15.9 6.9 3.7 .7 4.6 84.1

100.0 20.5 6.8 6.4 .7 6.6 79.5

100.0 11.5 6.9 1.1 .7 2.8 88.5

100.0 6.7 3.8 .7 .2 2.0 93.3

100.0 9.6 5.7 1.2 .2 2.4 90.4

100.0 4.6 2.4 .4 .1 1.7 95.4

100.0 76.3 70.7

100.0 64.5 57.5

100.0 85.8 81.4

100.0 71.4 63.9

100.0 59.5 50.8

100.0 82.7 76.5

100.0 74.8 71.5

100.0 58.9 54.8

100.0 86.0 83.3

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

111 028 337 674 907 110 083

231 053 226 703 713 411 178

940 545 828 817 341 559 395

291 508 398 886 372 852 783

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

5

1 1 1 1

897 635 955 680 252 164 087 128 19 108 355 48 306 525 495 30

543 557 421 136 282 413 869 575 874 701 163 348 815 966 571 395

561 039 095 944 768 131 3 636 68 11 56 686 28 657 997 978 19

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

492

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

3

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

United States Population Size Class of Urbanized Area

1,000,000 or more

Con.

Less than 1,000,000

1,000,000 to 2,499,999

Total

500,000 to 999,999

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

13 742 955 11 233 137 1 751 524 63 769 61 933 745 1 091 337 343 324 608 74 207 68 103 46 094 35 575 28 082 38 587 5 734 4 681 7 972 3 348 12 225 258 233 1 811 560 75 2 945 528 5 815 12 735 5 220 2 535 3 271 1 709 469 30 68 68 475 599 357 182

5 879 444 4 297 849 1 146 548 35 514 34 576 385 553 175 799 169 460 38 955 39 145 23 045 13 511 10 277 24 213 3 705 4 098 5 306 1 373 5 832 136 113 889 291 34 1 039 224 3 106 6 339 2 370 1 330 1 617 1 022 290 18 37 45 272 360 223 734

7 863 511 6 935 288 604 976 28 255 27 357 360 538 161 544 155 148 35 252 28 958 23 049 22 064 17 805 14 374 2 029 583 2 666 1 975 6 393 122 120 922 269 41 1 906 304 2 709 6 396 2 850 1 205 1 654 687 179 12 31 23 203 239 133 448

24 354 450 20 477 297 2 743 899 124 270 120 066 2 478 1 726 468 273 433 822 87 923 70 669 103 780 49 378 38 075 31 286 10 021 7 228 12 672 4 861 17 929 590 279 2 067 1 637 413 4 048 874 8 021 34 451 23 791 4 143 3 699 2 818 1 216 82 65 125 335 995 540 711

14 585 486 11 560 193 2 202 571 86 821 83 237 2 188 1 396 308 843 288 913 61 825 41 671 66 913 29 274 24 862 22 841 8 780 6 403 10 534 3 151 12 659 402 170 1 522 1 422 232 2 495 597 5 819 19 930 13 572 2 437 2 066 1 855 745 51 35 91 269 664 427 058

9 768 964 8 917 104 541 328 37 449 36 829 290 330 159 430 144 909 26 098 28 998 36 867 20 104 13 213 8 445 1 241 825 2 138 1 710 5 270 188 109 545 215 181 1 553 277 2 202 14 521 10 219 1 706 1 633 963 471 31 30 34 66 331 113 653

6 886 227 5 599 143 903 037 31 920 31 463 207 250 208 783 188 938 37 416 32 241 68 431 14 376 14 604 9 197 2 335 223 3 040 1 580 5 495 208 67 541 430 301 1 248 267 2 433 19 845 14 799 2 590 925 1 531 911 53 28 65 44 430 143 344

3 690 862 2 683 850 743 180 20 534 20 244 137 153 132 387 120 028 26 596 15 989 45 968 6 971 9 701 6 066 1 792 206 2 332 900 3 507 127 33 385 361 190 625 165 1 621 12 359 9 415 1 523 512 909 515 34 14 54 28 264 110 911

3 195 365 2 915 293 159 857 11 386 11 219 70 97 76 396 68 910 10 820 16 252 22 463 7 405 4 903 3 131 543 17 708 680 1 988 81 34 156 69 111 623 102 812 7 486 5 384 1 067 413 622 396 19 14 11 16 166 32 433

13 742 955 1 149 527 577 656 78 369 242 843 250 659 12 593 428

5 879 668 382 37 127 121 5 211

7 863 481 195 40 115 129 7 382

511 226 406 933 737 150 285

24 354 450 1 304 674 833 915 184 991 32 394 253 374 23 049 776

14 585 989 659 138 17 174 13 596

9 768 315 174 46 15 78 9 453

6 886 368 216 68 15 67 6 518

3 690 266 174 46 6 38 3 424

3 195 101 42 22 8 28 3 094

13 742 955 11 233 137 751 604 10 481 533 1 751 524 27 780 1 723 744 63 769 7 382 56 387 337 343 13 218 324 125 357 182 349 543 7 639

5 879 444 4 297 849 420 447 3 877 402 1 146 548 16 760 1 129 788 35 514 4 339 31 175 175 799 7 541 168 258 223 734 219 214 4 520

7 863 511 6 935 288 331 157 6 604 131 604 976 11 020 593 956 28 255 3 043 25 212 161 544 5 677 155 867 133 448 130 329 3 119

24 354 450 20 477 297 720 118 19 757 179 2 743 899 32 414 2 711 485 124 270 10 004 114 266 468 273 17 260 451 013 540 711 524 878 15 833

14 585 486 11 560 193 530 192 11 030 001 2 202 571 25 670 2 176 901 86 821 7 392 79 429 308 843 11 153 297 690 427 058 414 897 12 161

9 768 964 8 917 104 189 926 8 727 178 541 328 6 744 534 584 37 449 2 612 34 837 159 430 6 107 153 323 113 653 109 981 3 672

6 886 227 5 599 143 208 754 5 390 389 903 037 11 171 891 866 31 920 2 548 29 372 208 783 6 906 201 877 143 344 138 709 4 635

3 690 862 2 683 850 145 019 2 538 831 743 180 8 411 734 769 20 534 1 782 18 752 132 387 3 875 128 512 110 911 107 694 3 217

3 195 365 2 915 293 63 735 2 851 558 159 857 2 760 157 097 11 386 766 10 620 76 396 3 031 73 365 32 433 31 015 1 418

100.0 81.7 12.7 .5 .5 2.5 2.4 .1 2.6

100.0 73.1 19.5 .6 .6 3.0 2.9 .1 3.8

100.0 88.2 7.7 .4 .3 2.1 2.0 .1 1.7

100.0 84.1 11.3 .5 .5 1.9 1.8 .1 2.2

100.0 79.3 15.1 .6 .6 2.1 2.0 .1 2.9

100.0 91.3 5.5 .4 .4 1.6 1.5 .1 1.2

100.0 81.3 13.1 .5 .5 3.0 2.7 .3 2.1

100.0 72.7 20.1 .6 .5 3.6 3.3 .3 3.0

100.0 91.2 5.0 .4 .4 2.4 2.2 .2 1.0

100.0 8.4 4.2 .6 1.8 1.8 91.6

100.0 11.4 6.5 .6 2.2 2.1 88.6

100.0 6.1 2.5 .5 1.5 1.6 93.9

100.0 5.4 3.4 .8 .1 1.0 94.6

100.0 6.8 4.5 .9 .1 1.2 93.2

100.0 3.2 1.8 .5 .2 .8 96.8

100.0 5.3 3.1 1.0 .2 1.0 94.7

100.0 7.2 4.7 1.2 .2 1.1 92.8

100.0 3.2 1.3 .7 .3 .9 96.8

100.0 81.7 76.3

100.0 73.1 65.9

100.0 88.2 84.0

100.0 84.1 81.1

100.0 79.3 75.6

100.0 91.3 89.3

100.0 81.3 78.3

100.0 72.7 68.8

100.0 91.2 89.2

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

444 301 250 436 106 509 143

486 304 265 116 251 672 182

964 370 650 875 143 702 594

227 088 818 314 705 251 139

862 781 802 053 929 997 081

365 307 016 261 776 254 058

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

4

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

493

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Less than 1,000,000

United States Population Size Class of Urbanized Area

250,000 to 499,999

Con.

100,000 to 249,999

Less than 100,000

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

5 840 087 4 836 001 722 006 35 206 34 673 269 264 89 710 86 487 16 077 13 948 10 261 12 384 8 058 9 174 3 833 3 505 3 826 1 102 4 319 131 76 485 353 18 1 034 173 2 049 3 223 1 483 594 867 279 44 6 13 26 44 146 157 164

3 195 892 2 445 935 546 266 24 057 23 728 170 159 59 159 57 430 10 311 9 042 6 056 6 635 4 271 7 135 3 609 3 255 3 501 681 2 934 85 46 332 288 10 598 102 1 473 1 729 804 335 401 189 29 4 5 15 36 100 120 475

2 644 195 2 390 066 175 740 11 149 10 945 99 105 30 551 29 057 5 766 4 906 4 205 5 749 3 787 2 039 224 250 325 421 1 385 46 30 153 65 8 436 71 576 1 494 679 259 466 90 15 2 8 11 8 46 36 689

7 100 845 6 064 730 735 786 32 531 29 711 1 814 1 006 116 100 106 798 22 942 17 085 18 116 14 942 10 727 9 102 3 000 811 3 392 1 430 5 251 161 88 722 527 85 1 135 272 2 261 9 302 6 475 767 1 240 820 239 20 15 22 224 300 151 698

4 563 687 3 744 783 596 970 23 458 20 798 1 734 926 75 703 71 369 15 572 11 174 9 441 10 166 7 315 6 603 2 718 695 2 765 994 3 926 121 59 547 468 24 793 214 1 700 4 334 2 581 445 685 623 186 11 9 14 192 211 122 773

2 537 158 2 319 947 138 816 9 073 8 913 80 80 40 397 35 429 7 370 5 911 8 675 4 776 3 412 2 499 282 116 627 436 1 325 40 29 175 59 61 342 58 561 4 968 3 894 322 555 197 53 9 6 8 32 89 28 925

4 527 291 3 977 423 383 070 24 613 24 219 188 206 53 680 51 599 11 488 7 395 6 972 7 676 4 686 3 813 853 2 689 2 414 749 2 864 90 48 319 327 9 631 162 1 278 2 081 1 034 192 667 188 22 3 9 12 23 119 88 505

3 135 045 2 685 625 316 155 18 772 18 467 147 158 41 594 40 086 9 346 5 466 5 448 5 502 3 575 3 037 661 2 247 1 936 576 2 292 69 32 258 305 8 479 116 1 025 1 508 772 134 468 134 15 2 7 8 13 89 72 899

1 392 246 1 291 798 66 915 5 841 5 752 41 48 12 086 11 513 2 142 1 929 1 524 2 174 1 111 776 192 442 478 173 572 21 16 61 22 1 152 46 253 573 262 58 199 54 7 1 2 4 10 30 15 606

5 840 370 244 44 6 75 5 469

3 195 275 184 35 3 51 2 920

2 644 95 60 9 2 23 2 548

7 100 356 226 53 7 70 6 744

4 563 281 181 42 4 52 4 282

2 537 75 44 10 2 18 2 461

4 527 209 146 18 3 40 4 317

3 135 166 118 14 1 31 2 968

1 392 43 27 4 1 9 1 349

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

087 419 719 641 050 009 668

892 064 308 380 578 798 828

195 355 411 261 472 211 840

845 836 025 053 145 613 009

687 217 622 229 774 592 470

158 619 403 824 371 021 539

291 331 353 983 494 501 960

045 242 533 454 970 285 803

246 089 820 529 524 216 157

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

5 840 087 4 836 001 201 822 4 634 179 722 006 8 003 714 003 35 206 2 968 32 238 89 710 3 720 85 990 157 164 153 906 3 258

3 195 892 2 445 935 145 747 2 300 188 546 266 6 394 539 872 24 057 2 191 21 866 59 159 2 651 56 508 120 475 118 081 2 394

2 644 195 2 390 066 56 075 2 333 991 175 740 1 609 174 131 11 149 777 10 372 30 551 1 069 29 482 36 689 35 825 864

7 100 845 6 064 730 194 478 5 870 252 735 786 9 385 726 401 32 531 2 647 29 884 116 100 4 419 111 681 151 698 145 907 5 791

4 563 687 3 744 783 150 744 3 594 039 596 970 7 749 589 221 23 458 1 915 21 543 75 703 2 913 72 790 122 773 117 896 4 877

2 537 158 2 319 947 43 734 2 276 213 138 816 1 636 137 180 9 073 732 8 341 40 397 1 506 38 891 28 925 28 011 914

4 527 291 3 977 423 115 064 3 862 359 383 070 3 855 379 215 24 613 1 841 22 772 53 680 2 215 51 465 88 505 86 356 2 149

3 135 045 2 685 625 88 682 2 596 943 316 155 3 116 313 039 18 772 1 504 17 268 41 594 1 714 39 880 72 899 71 226 1 673

1 392 246 1 291 798 26 382 1 265 416 66 915 739 66 176 5 841 337 5 504 12 086 501 11 585 15 606 15 130 476

100.0 82.8 12.4 .6 .6 1.5 1.5 .1 2.7

100.0 76.5 17.1 .8 .7 1.9 1.8 .1 3.8

100.0 90.4 6.6 .4 .4 1.2 1.1 .1 1.4

100.0 85.4 10.4 .5 .4 1.6 1.5 .1 2.1

100.0 82.1 13.1 .5 .5 1.7 1.6 .1 2.7

100.0 91.4 5.5 .4 .4 1.6 1.4 .2 1.1

100.0 87.9 8.5 .5 .5 1.2 1.1 – 2.0

100.0 85.7 10.1 .6 .6 1.3 1.3 – 2.3

100.0 92.8 4.8 .4 .4 .9 .8 – 1.1

100.0 6.3 4.2 .8 .1 1.3 93.7

100.0 8.6 5.8 1.1 .1 1.6 91.4

100.0 3.6 2.3 .4 .1 .9 96.4

100.0 5.0 3.2 .7 .1 1.0 95.0

100.0 6.2 4.0 .9 .1 1.2 93.8

100.0 3.0 1.8 .4 .1 .7 97.0

100.0 4.6 3.2 .4 .1 .9 95.4

100.0 5.3 3.8 .5 .1 1.0 94.7

100.0 3.1 2.0 .3 .1 .7 96.9

100.0 82.8 79.4

100.0 76.5 72.0

100.0 90.4 88.3

100.0 85.4 82.7

100.0 82.1 78.8

100.0 91.4 89.7

100.0 87.9 85.3

100.0 85.7 82.8

100.0 92.8 90.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

494

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

5

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 4.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

Outside urbanized area

United States

Total

In central city

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

91 947 410 76 880 105 9 976 161 591 372 570 332 13 877 7 163 2 013 735 1 922 097 504 048 348 847 310 945 237 800 202 556 143 095 28 957 13 742 30 188 23 021 78 898 3 466 1 757 9 793 3 941 751 23 302 3 562 32 326 91 638 56 839 12 933 12 875 8 991 3 383 219 214 298 1 724 3 153 2 486 037

71 265 264 58 333 897 8 455 952 323 542 314 711 4 446 4 385 1 896 281 1 820 726 488 259 326 574 280 084 227 152 195 843 138 440 28 145 13 108 27 744 21 734 73 643 3 325 1 688 9 142 3 397 660 22 357 3 370 29 704 75 555 43 074 12 251 11 980 8 250 3 158 200 195 246 1 685 2 766 2 255 592

29 793 822 21 323 382 5 925 383 154 315 148 658 3 049 2 608 982 551 949 822 274 980 161 086 136 848 99 700 98 092 76 620 21 062 10 997 18 943 10 983 40 511 2 395 747 4 321 2 392 309 11 567 1 652 17 128 32 729 17 369 5 801 5 789 3 770 1 302 105 90 144 695 1 434 1 408 191

41 471 442 37 010 515 2 530 569 169 227 166 053 1 397 1 777 913 730 870 904 213 279 165 488 143 236 127 452 97 751 61 820 7 083 2 111 8 801 10 751 33 132 930 941 4 821 1 005 351 10 790 1 718 12 576 42 826 25 705 6 450 6 191 4 480 1 856 95 105 102 990 1 332 847 401

29 201 839 25 573 614 2 028 435 98 568 96 107 1 024 1 437 838 502 804 624 201 391 149 542 130 348 116 683 92 699 58 645 6 540 1 499 7 450 9 907 29 920 868 879 4 498 880 306 10 039 1 577 10 873 33 878 19 010 5 552 5 370 3 946 1 641 68 93 89 932 1 123 662 720

3 139 108 2 817 272 173 038 19 657 19 411 133 113 32 146 26 342 4 036 8 205 4 994 3 444 1 674 1 237 228 345 654 281 1 244 22 21 129 82 13 266 43 668 5 804 4 518 617 343 326 134 20 6 9 31 126 96 995

9 130 495 8 619 629 329 096 51 002 50 535 240 227 43 082 39 938 7 852 7 741 7 894 7 325 3 378 1 938 315 267 697 563 1 968 40 41 194 43 32 485 98 1 035 3 144 2 177 281 478 208 81 7 6 4 27 83 87 686

20 682 146 18 546 208 1 520 209 267 830 255 621 9 431 2 778 117 454 101 371 15 789 22 273 30 861 10 648 6 713 4 655 812 634 2 444 1 287 5 255 141 69 651 544 91 945 192 2 622 16 083 13 765 682 895 741 225 19 19 52 39 387 230 445

575 495 65 2 2

3 735 404 3 234 124 341 554 32 868 32 210 463 195 47 167 42 310 7 818 6 953 12 740 4 587 3 295 2 023 416 381 985 575 2 537 83 36 447 408 28 489 89 957 4 857 3 961 260 328 308 81 4 12 37 13 161 79 691

3 628 132 3 194 329 305 713 42 013 39 263 2 196 554 28 410 23 185 2 884 6 631 7 606 2 067 1 054 872 157 123 679 230 882 21 9 55 71 35 138 37 516 5 225 4 662 183 168 212 95 4 4 10 9 90 57 667

12 743 248 11 622 221 807 693 190 134 181 381 6 743 2 010 35 643 29 893 3 364 7 993 9 564 3 048 1 790 1 377 132 104 649 376 1 496 29 15 101 33 28 243 41 1 006 5 750 5 006 213 351 180 40 10 2 5 14 109 87 557

91 947 410 6 001 718 3 342 524 825 933 391 261 1 442 000 85 945 692

71 265 264 5 427 548 2 922 489 803 501 383 828 1 317 730 65 837 716

29 793 822 3 196 572 1 632 699 596 764 195 045 772 064 26 597 250

41 471 442 2 230 976 1 289 790 206 737 188 783 545 666 39 240 466

29 201 839 1 794 407 957 135 180 144 180 708 476 420 27 407 432

3 139 200 159 11 2 27 2 938

9 130 236 173 14 5 42 8 894

20 682 574 420 22 7 124 20 107

146 170 035 432 433 270 976

575 14 6 1

362 034 578 705 415 5 336 561 328

3 735 177 139 6 2 28 3 557

3 628 148 109 4 1 32 3 479

12 743 233 164 9 2 57 12 509

91 76 3 73 9

71 58 2 55 8

29 21 1 19 5

41 37 1 35 2

29 25 1 24 2

839 614 057 557 435 143 292 568 982 586 502 203 299 720 022 698

3 139 108 2 817 272 98 740 2 718 532 173 038 2 511 170 527 19 657 1 465 18 192 32 146 2 068 30 078 96 995 95 519 1 476

9 130 495 8 619 629 144 403 8 475 226 329 096 2 327 326 769 51 002 2 239 48 763 43 082 1 860 41 222 87 686 85 437 2 249

20 682 146 18 546 208 329 322 18 216 886 1 520 209 8 014 1 512 195 267 830 6 411 261 419 117 454 5 611 111 843 230 445 224 812 5 633

575 495 8 487 65

362 534 194 340 249 508 741 815 199 616 234 166 068 530 967 563

3 735 404 3 234 124 94 096 3 140 028 341 554 2 358 339 196 32 868 1 526 31 342 47 167 1 725 45 442 79 691 78 231 1 460

3 628 132 3 194 329 86 942 3 107 387 305 713 1 730 303 983 42 013 1 382 40 631 28 410 1 734 26 676 57 667 56 456 1 211

12 743 248 11 622 221 140 090 11 482 131 807 693 3 418 804 275 190 134 3 304 186 830 35 643 1 986 33 657 87 557 85 158 2 399

Inside urbanized area

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

6 5 1

5

362 534 249 815 767 29 19 234 983 723 696 951 946 574 383 107 26 131 106 340 8 9 48 32 – 75 25 143 251 136 26 48 41 9 1 1 – 3 27 530

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

108 303 304 649 291 059 805

495 266 351 944 784 187 229

404 936 748 991 465 732 468

132 244 340 565 743 596 888

248 956 369 171 810 606 292

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

9

2 1 2 2

947 880 246 633 976 209 766 591 39 551 013 75 938 486 430 55

410 105 356 749 161 390 771 372 978 394 735 147 588 037 847 190

8

1 1 2 2

265 333 917 416 455 201 254 323 33 289 896 69 826 255 206 49

264 897 034 863 952 376 576 542 567 975 281 536 745 592 035 557

793 323 604 718 925 156 5 768 154 18 135 982 39 943 1 408 1 377 31

822 382 834 548 383 395 988 315 881 434 551 405 146 191 057 134

471 010 312 698 530 44 2 485 169 14 154 913 30 883 847 828 18

442 515 200 315 569 981 588 227 686 541 730 131 599 401 978 423

201 573 069 504 028 40 1 988 98 10 87 838 26 812 662 648 14

64 2 2 6 6 5 4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 83.6 10.8 .6 .6 2.2 2.1 .1 2.7

100.0 81.9 11.9 .5 .4 2.7 2.6 .1 3.2

100.0 71.6 19.9 .5 .5 3.3 3.2 .1 4.7

100.0 89.2 6.1 .4 .4 2.2 2.1 .1 2.0

100.0 87.6 6.9 .3 .3 2.9 2.8 .1 2.3

100.0 89.7 5.5 .6 .6 1.0 .8 .2 3.1

100.0 94.4 3.6 .6 .6 .5 .4 – 1.0

100.0 89.7 7.4 1.3 1.2 .6 .5 .1 1.1

100.0 86.1 11.3 .5 .5 1.1 1.0 – 1.0

100.0 86.6 9.1 .9 .9 1.3 1.1 .1 2.1

100.0 88.0 8.4 1.2 1.1 .8 .6 .1 1.6

100.0 91.2 6.3 1.5 1.4 .3 .2 – .7

100.0 6.5 3.6 .9 .4 1.6 93.5

100.0 7.6 4.1 1.1 .5 1.8 92.4

100.0 10.7 5.5 2.0 .7 2.6 89.3

100.0 5.4 3.1 .5 .5 1.3 94.6

100.0 6.1 3.3 .6 .6 1.6 93.9

100.0 6.4 5.1 .4 .1 .9 93.6

100.0 2.6 1.9 .2 .1 .5 97.4

100.0 2.8 2.0 .1 – .6 97.2

100.0 2.4 1.1 .3 .1 .9 97.6

100.0 4.8 3.7 .2 .1 .8 95.2

100.0 4.1 3.0 .1 – .9 95.9

100.0 1.8 1.3 .1 – .5 98.2

100.0 83.6 80.1

100.0 81.9 77.8

100.0 71.6 66.2

100.0 89.2 86.1

100.0 87.6 83.9

100.0 89.7 86.6

100.0 94.4 92.8

100.0 89.7 88.1

100.0 86.1 84.7

100.0 86.6 84.1

100.0 88.0 85.6

100.0 91.2 90.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

6

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

495

Section Five: Census Data

Table 5.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] 1,000,000 or more

United States Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area

Total

5,000,000 or more

2,500,000 to 4,999,999

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

45 957 542 36 587 278 5 981 262 173 535 168 755 2 037 2 743 1 485 853 1 447 459 416 311 260 556 181 927 188 492 165 195 112 728 22 186 5 570 17 737 17 548 59 209 2 856 1 488 7 562 1 956 227 19 295 2 718 23 107 38 394 15 280 8 215 8 843 6 056 2 452 114 133 127 1 395 1 835 1 729 614

18 366 553 12 266 573 4 204 163 80 394 78 041 1 008 1 345 735 860 719 412 225 471 129 136 78 741 78 292 78 180 58 247 16 216 4 727 11 005 8 462 30 935 2 073 634 3 196 1 181 92 9 705 1 229 12 825 16 448 5 970 3 770 4 297 2 411 900 64 56 63 470 858 1 079 563

27 590 989 24 320 705 1 777 099 93 141 90 714 1 029 1 398 749 993 728 047 190 840 131 420 103 186 110 200 87 015 54 481 5 970 843 6 732 9 086 28 274 783 854 4 366 775 135 9 590 1 489 10 282 21 946 9 310 4 445 4 546 3 645 1 552 50 77 64 925 977 650 051

18 913 934 14 132 945 2 580 861 65 905 63 811 868 1 226 992 516 969 794 303 890 186 416 126 149 115 280 116 275 59 207 10 565 324 4 995 11 304 35 389 2 029 1 015 5 133 839 132 11 794 1 644 12 803 22 722 8 862 5 416 5 058 3 386 1 293 67 60 56 968 942 1 141 707

8 179 362 5 024 912 1 909 758 30 249 29 166 460 623 507 210 497 675 170 931 91 824 53 060 52 588 62 273 29 644 8 461 164 2 971 5 962 19 797 1 675 462 1 966 511 56 6 882 796 7 449 9 535 3 371 2 513 2 608 1 043 319 41 21 21 238 403 707 233

10 734 572 9 108 033 671 103 35 656 34 645 408 603 485 306 472 119 132 959 94 592 73 089 62 692 54 002 29 563 2 104 160 2 024 5 342 15 592 354 553 3 167 328 76 4 912 848 5 354 13 187 5 491 2 903 2 450 2 343 974 26 39 35 730 539 434 474

11 848 591 9 420 776 1 844 955 39 230 37 768 629 833 258 229 252 870 65 132 28 665 24 943 45 329 29 621 29 464 6 889 449 4 764 3 709 13 905 614 290 1 172 574 50 5 276 574 5 355 5 359 2 405 1 029 1 212 713 212 17 29 26 95 334 285 401

4 059 898 2 639 642 1 129 432 15 312 14 679 276 357 99 951 97 946 27 316 10 838 10 031 13 806 8 008 13 850 4 191 307 2 436 1 340 5 823 282 88 505 333 15 1 892 193 2 515 2 005 791 527 411 276 66 8 11 9 38 144 175 561

7 788 693 6 781 134 715 523 23 918 23 089 353 476 158 278 154 924 37 816 17 827 14 912 31 523 21 613 15 614 2 698 142 2 328 2 369 8 082 332 202 667 241 35 3 384 381 2 840 3 354 1 614 502 801 437 146 9 18 17 57 190 109 840

45 957 542 4 154 630 2 003 309 693 138 357 851 1 100 332 41 802 912

18 366 553 2 414 004 1 061 763 525 252 182 876 644 113 15 952 549

27 590 989 1 740 626 941 546 167 886 174 975 456 219 25 850 363

18 913 934 2 489 327 1 176 236 523 467 95 338 694 286 16 424 607

8 179 362 1 458 170 534 526 430 869 48 009 444 766 6 721 192

10 734 572 1 031 157 641 710 92 598 47 329 249 520 9 703 415

11 848 893 329 84 234 245 10 955

4 059 480 200 44 121 114 3 579

7 788 412 129 39 113 130 7 376

45 36 2 34 5

18 12 1 11 4

27 24 1 23 1

18 14 1 12 2

934 945 228 717 861 737 124 905 983 922 516 492 024 707 887 820

8 179 362 5 024 912 628 590 4 396 322 1 909 758 105 552 1 804 206 30 249 7 441 22 808 507 210 21 660 485 550 707 233 694 927 12 306

10 734 572 9 108 033 562 638 8 545 395 671 103 20 185 650 918 35 656 6 542 29 114 485 306 14 832 470 474 434 474 426 960 7 514

11 848 591 9 420 776 572 782 8 847 994 1 844 955 33 360 1 811 595 39 230 3 258 35 972 258 229 7 265 250 964 285 401 276 465 8 936

4 059 898 2 639 642 284 308 2 355 334 1 129 432 20 964 1 108 468 15 312 1 827 13 485 99 951 3 478 96 473 175 561 170 292 5 269

7 788 693 6 781 134 288 474 6 492 660 715 523 12 396 703 127 23 918 1 431 22 487 158 278 3 787 154 491 109 840 106 173 3 667

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

591 130 075 115 560 380 461

898 869 075 493 442 859 029

693 261 000 622 118 521 432

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

5

1 1 1 1

957 587 206 380 981 178 803 173 23 149 485 53 432 729 692 37

542 278 844 434 262 261 001 535 858 677 853 247 606 614 420 194

366 266 173 093 204 140 4 063 80 13 67 735 30 705 1 079 1 056 22

553 573 312 261 163 285 878 394 040 354 860 749 111 563 618 945

590 320 033 287 777 37 1 739 93 10 82 749 22 727 650 635 14

989 705 532 173 099 976 123 141 818 323 993 498 495 051 802 249

913 132 191 941 580 125 2 455 65 13 51 992 36 956 1 141 1 121 19

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

100.0 79.6 13.0 .4 .4 3.2 3.1 .1 3.8

100.0 66.8 22.9 .4 .4 4.0 3.9 .1 5.9

100.0 88.1 6.4 .3 .3 2.7 2.6 .1 2.4

100.0 74.7 13.6 .3 .3 5.2 5.1 .1 6.0

100.0 61.4 23.3 .4 .4 6.2 6.1 .1 8.6

100.0 84.8 6.3 .3 .3 4.5 4.4 .1 4.0

100.0 79.5 15.6 .3 .3 2.2 2.1 – 2.4

100.0 65.0 27.8 .4 .4 2.5 2.4 – 4.3

100.0 87.1 9.2 .3 .3 2.0 2.0 – 1.4

100.0 9.0 4.4 1.5 .8 2.4 91.0

100.0 13.1 5.8 2.9 1.0 3.5 86.9

100.0 6.3 3.4 .6 .6 1.7 93.7

100.0 13.2 6.2 2.8 .5 3.7 86.8

100.0 17.8 6.5 5.3 .6 5.4 82.2

100.0 9.6 6.0 .9 .4 2.3 90.4

100.0 7.5 2.8 .7 2.0 2.1 92.5

100.0 11.8 4.9 1.1 3.0 2.8 88.2

100.0 5.3 1.7 .5 1.5 1.7 94.7

100.0 79.6 74.8

100.0 66.8 60.4

100.0 88.1 84.4

100.0 74.7 68.4

100.0 61.4 53.7

100.0 84.8 79.6

100.0 79.5 74.7

100.0 65.0 58.0

100.0 87.1 83.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

496

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

7

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 5.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] 1,000,000 or more

United States Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area

Con.

Less than 1,000,000

1,000,000 to 2,499,999

Total

500,000 to 999,999

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

15 195 017 13 033 557 1 555 446 68 400 67 176 540 684 235 108 224 795 47 289 45 475 30 835 27 883 19 299 24 057 4 732 4 797 7 978 2 535 9 915 213 183 1 257 543 45 2 225 500 4 949 10 313 4 013 1 770 2 573 1 957 947 30 44 45 332 559 302 506

6 127 293 4 602 019 1 164 973 34 833 34 196 272 365 128 699 123 791 27 224 26 474 15 650 11 898 7 899 14 753 3 564 4 256 5 598 1 160 5 315 116 84 725 337 21 931 240 2 861 4 908 1 808 730 1 278 1 092 515 15 24 33 194 311 196 769

9 067 724 8 431 538 390 473 33 567 32 980 268 319 106 409 101 004 20 065 19 001 15 185 15 985 11 400 9 304 1 168 541 2 380 1 375 4 600 97 99 532 206 24 1 294 260 2 088 5 405 2 205 1 040 1 295 865 432 15 20 12 138 248 105 737

25 307 722 21 746 619 2 474 690 150 007 145 956 2 409 1 642 410 428 373 267 71 948 66 018 98 157 38 660 30 648 25 712 5 959 7 538 10 007 4 186 14 434 469 200 1 580 1 441 433 3 062 652 6 597 37 161 27 794 4 036 3 137 2 194 706 86 62 119 290 931 525 978

11 427 269 9 056 809 1 721 220 73 921 70 617 2 041 1 263 246 691 230 410 49 509 31 950 58 107 21 408 19 912 18 373 4 846 6 270 7 938 2 521 9 576 322 113 1 125 1 211 217 1 862 423 4 303 16 281 11 399 2 031 1 492 1 359 402 41 34 81 225 576 328 628

13 880 453 12 689 810 753 470 76 086 75 339 368 379 163 737 142 857 22 439 34 068 40 050 17 252 10 736 7 339 1 113 1 268 2 069 1 665 4 858 147 87 455 230 216 1 200 229 2 294 20 880 16 395 2 005 1 645 835 304 45 28 38 65 355 197 350

9 345 825 7 697 165 1 136 147 61 285 60 706 267 312 250 038 220 220 41 916 40 462 79 241 16 040 15 626 10 287 2 083 2 801 3 691 1 763 6 310 211 87 664 523 378 1 299 299 2 849 29 818 24 418 3 125 1 106 1 169 472 63 34 78 64 458 201 190

4 069 887 2 959 624 814 418 28 664 28 331 150 183 141 894 129 756 28 562 16 963 46 707 8 079 10 201 7 188 1 579 2 546 3 011 973 3 947 137 55 458 414 187 700 182 1 814 12 138 9 494 1 513 517 614 214 29 16 57 34 264 125 287

5 275 938 4 737 541 321 729 32 621 32 375 117 129 108 144 90 464 13 354 23 499 32 534 7 961 5 425 3 099 504 255 680 790 2 363 74 32 206 109 191 599 117 1 035 17 680 14 924 1 612 589 555 258 34 18 21 30 194 75 903

15 195 772 497 85 27 160 14 422

6 127 474 327 49 13 84 5 652

9 067 297 170 35 14 76 8 770

724 208 836 666 528 178 516

25 307 722 1 272 918 919 180 110 363 25 977 217 398 24 034 804

11 427 782 570 71 12 127 10 644

13 880 490 348 38 13 89 13 390

9 345 460 325 51 14 69 8 885

4 069 289 212 34 6 36 3 780

5 275 170 113 16 7 33 5 104

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

017 173 998 556 953 666 844

293 965 162 890 425 488 328

269 568 936 512 169 951 701

453 350 244 851 808 447 103

825 666 972 068 207 419 159

887 670 246 719 286 419 217

938 996 726 349 921 000 942

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

15 195 017 13 033 557 442 834 12 590 723 1 555 446 19 164 1 536 282 68 400 6 617 61 783 235 108 9 490 225 618 302 506 294 068 8 438

6 127 293 4 602 019 260 414 4 341 605 1 164 973 13 769 1 151 204 34 833 3 772 31 061 128 699 5 611 123 088 196 769 191 399 5 370

9 067 724 8 431 538 182 420 8 249 118 390 473 5 395 385 078 33 567 2 845 30 722 106 409 3 879 102 530 105 737 102 669 3 068

25 307 722 21 746 619 710 190 21 036 429 2 474 690 23 115 2 451 575 150 007 9 709 140 298 410 428 16 289 394 139 525 978 513 615 12 363

11 427 269 9 056 809 431 522 8 625 287 1 721 220 16 110 1 705 110 73 921 5 841 68 080 246 691 8 656 238 035 328 628 320 439 8 189

13 880 453 12 689 810 278 668 12 411 142 753 470 7 005 746 465 76 086 3 868 72 218 163 737 7 633 156 104 197 350 193 176 4 174

9 345 825 7 697 165 240 265 7 456 900 1 136 147 9 967 1 126 180 61 285 3 825 57 460 250 038 9 393 240 645 201 190 197 216 3 974

4 069 887 2 959 624 153 229 2 806 395 814 418 7 015 807 403 28 664 2 217 26 447 141 894 4 320 137 574 125 287 122 889 2 398

5 275 938 4 737 541 87 036 4 650 505 321 729 2 952 318 777 32 621 1 608 31 013 108 144 5 073 103 071 75 903 74 327 1 576

100.0 85.8 10.2 .5 .4 1.5 1.5 .1 2.0

100.0 75.1 19.0 .6 .6 2.1 2.0 .1 3.2

100.0 93.0 4.3 .4 .4 1.2 1.1 .1 1.2

100.0 85.9 9.8 .6 .6 1.6 1.5 .1 2.1

100.0 79.3 15.1 .6 .6 2.2 2.0 .1 2.9

100.0 91.4 5.4 .5 .5 1.2 1.0 .2 1.4

100.0 82.4 12.2 .7 .6 2.7 2.4 .3 2.2

100.0 72.7 20.0 .7 .7 3.5 3.2 .3 3.1

100.0 89.8 6.1 .6 .6 2.0 1.7 .3 1.4

100.0 5.1 3.3 .6 .2 1.1 94.9

100.0 7.8 5.3 .8 .2 1.4 92.2

100.0 3.3 1.9 .4 .2 .8 96.7

100.0 5.0 3.6 .4 .1 .9 95.0

100.0 6.8 5.0 .6 .1 1.1 93.2

100.0 3.5 2.5 .3 .1 .6 96.5

100.0 4.9 3.5 .5 .2 .7 95.1

100.0 7.1 5.2 .9 .2 .9 92.9

100.0 3.2 2.2 .3 .2 .6 96.8

100.0 85.8 82.9

100.0 75.1 70.9

100.0 93.0 91.0

100.0 85.9 83.1

100.0 79.3 75.5

100.0 91.4 89.4

100.0 82.4 79.8

100.0 72.7 69.0

100.0 89.8 88.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

8

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

497

Section Five: Census Data

Table 5.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupied Housing Units by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1990 Con.

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Less than 1,000,000

United States Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area

250,000 to 499,999

Con.

100,000 to 249,999

Less than 100,000

Total

In central city

Not in central city

Total

In central city

Not in central city

7 944 081 6 910 423 704 863 37 521 36 940 313 268 91 094 86 728 15 823 17 692 11 079 11 762 7 483 9 141 2 953 1 838 3 592 1 268 4 097 118 60 477 303 23 1 014 136 1 966 4 366 1 931 524 1 191 720 180 14 8 29 212 277 200 180

3 352 818 2 689 303 468 127 18 844 18 508 174 162 57 307 54 819 10 150 10 521 6 635 6 224 4 123 6 657 2 612 1 597 2 867 763 2 670 75 28 327 258 12 657 79 1 234 2 488 1 074 285 583 546 142 7 4 17 184 192 119 237

4 591 263 4 221 120 236 736 18 677 18 432 139 106 33 787 31 909 5 673 7 171 4 444 5 538 3 360 2 484 341 241 725 505 1 427 43 32 150 45 11 357 57 732 1 878 857 239 608 174 38 7 4 12 28 85 80 943

7 224 474 6 413 108 588 034 44 976 42 144 1 792 1 040 63 758 60 971 12 654 7 364 7 197 10 013 6 964 5 969 905 2 579 2 639 1 032 3 655 124 46 393 561 31 684 189 1 627 2 787 1 346 373 798 270 49 9 20 11 14 167 114 598

3 498 653 2 958 245 400 177 21 739 19 145 1 688 906 42 912 41 398 9 411 4 121 4 256 6 465 5 119 4 261 639 1 812 1 981 680 2 653 96 24 298 486 17 464 140 1 128 1 514 765 222 358 169 41 5 14 6 7 96 75 580

3 725 821 3 454 863 187 857 23 237 22 999 104 134 20 846 19 573 3 243 3 243 2 941 3 548 1 845 1 708 266 767 658 352 1 002 28 22 95 75 14 220 49 499 1 273 581 151 440 101 8 4 6 5 7 71 39 018

793 725 45 6 6

7 944 506 375 38 6 86 7 437

3 352 293 214 22 3 53 3 058

4 591 212 160 16 3 32 4 378

7 224 281 199 19 5 57 6 942

3 498 179 128 13 2 34 3 319

3 725 102 71 5 2 22 3 623

793 342 23 620 18 969 726 211 3 714 769 722

505 911 19 713 16 042 548 145 2 978 486 198

287 431 3 907 2 927 178 66 736 283 524

793 725 12 712 45

505 449 10 438 38

287 276 2 273 7

Total

In central city

342 923 646 225 166 37 22 538 348 555 500 640 845 575 315 18 320 85 123 372 16 7 46 54 1 65 28 155 190 99 14 42 35 5 – – 1 – 29 010

505 449 38 4 4

Not in central city

RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Eskimo Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Chinese Filipino Japanese Asian Indian Korean Vietnamese Cambodian Hmong Laotian Thai Other Asian Bangladeshi Burmese Indonesian Malayan Okinawan Pakistani Sri Lankan All other Asian Pacific Islander Hawaiian Samoan Guamanian Other Pacific Islander Tongan Tahitian Northern Mariana Islander Palauan Fijian All other Pacific Islander Other race

5 5 1

10

4 4 1

8

911 637 498 674 633 29 12 578 437 386 345 509 640 469 267 16 315 79 105 306 14 6 42 53 1 41 22 127 141 66 11 34 30 5 – – 1 – 24 524

287 276 7 1 1

431 286 148 551 533 8 10 960 911 169 155 131 205 106 48 2 5 6 18 66 2 1 4 1 – 24 6 28 49 33 3 8 5 – – – – – 5 1 486

HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

081 839 002 747 549 541 242

818 970 588 376 329 677 848

263 869 414 371 220 864 394

474 793 237 822 010 724 681

653 215 060 869 409 877 438

821 578 177 953 601 847 243

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Black Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Asian or Pacific Islander Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin Other race Hispanic origin Not of Hispanic origin

7 944 081 6 910 423 294 700 6 615 723 704 863 7 667 697 196 37 521 3 343 34 178 91 094 4 385 86 709 200 180 196 744 3 436

3 352 818 2 689 303 166 775 2 522 528 468 127 5 248 462 879 18 844 2 051 16 793 57 307 2 815 54 492 119 237 117 081 2 156

4 591 263 4 221 120 127 925 4 093 195 236 736 2 419 234 317 18 677 1 292 17 385 33 787 1 570 32 217 80 943 79 663 1 280

7 224 474 6 413 108 162 234 6 250 874 588 034 5 120 582 914 44 976 2 253 42 723 63 758 2 326 61 432 114 598 109 860 4 738

3 498 653 2 958 245 100 846 2 857 399 400 177 3 544 396 633 21 739 1 340 20 399 42 912 1 370 41 542 75 580 72 115 3 465

3 725 821 3 454 863 61 388 3 393 475 187 857 1 576 186 281 23 237 913 22 324 20 846 956 19 890 39 018 37 745 1 273

100.0 87.0 8.9 .5 .5 1.1 1.1 .1 2.5

100.0 80.2 14.0 .6 .6 1.7 1.6 .1 3.6

100.0 91.9 5.2 .4 .4 .7 .7 – 1.8

100.0 88.8 8.1 .6 .6 .9 .8 – 1.6

100.0 84.6 11.4 .6 .5 1.2 1.2 – 2.2

100.0 92.7 5.0 .6 .6 .6 .5 – 1.0

100.0 91.5 5.8 .8 .8 .7 .7 – 1.3

100.0 88.9 7.6 .9 .9 .9 .9 – 1.7

100.0 96.1 2.5 .5 .5 .3 .3 – .5

100.0 6.4 4.7 .5 .1 1.1 93.6

100.0 8.8 6.4 .7 .1 1.6 91.2

100.0 4.6 3.5 .4 .1 .7 95.4

100.0 3.9 2.8 .3 .1 .8 96.1

100.0 5.1 3.7 .4 .1 1.0 94.9

100.0 2.8 1.9 .2 .1 .6 97.2

100.0 3.0 2.4 .1 – .5 97.0

100.0 3.9 3.2 .1 – .6 96.1

100.0 1.4 1.0 .1 – .3 98.6

100.0 87.0 83.3

100.0 80.2 75.2

100.0 91.9 89.2

100.0 88.8 86.5

100.0 84.6 81.7

100.0 92.7 91.1

100.0 91.5 89.9

100.0 88.9 86.8

100.0 96.1 95.3

45 6 5 5 5 10 9

342 923 991 932 646 361 285 225 288 937 538 185 353 010 795 215

38 4 4 4 4 8 8

911 637 672 965 498 303 195 674 233 441 578 151 427 524 354 170

7 1 1

1 1

431 286 319 967 148 58 090 551 55 496 960 34 926 486 441 45

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY RACE OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Asian Pacific Islander Other race

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Hispanic origin (of any race) Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Other Hispanic Not of Hispanic origin

PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDERS WHITE, NOT OF HISPANIC ORIGIN Occupied housing units White Not of Hispanic origin

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

498

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

9

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 6.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Housing Characteristics of Housing Units With a White Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States

Housing units with a White householder White

Percent

Total

Median persons in unit

Median rooms

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

Specified renter

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

1 unit, In builddeings tached with 10 or at- or more tached units

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

80 200

382

1.0

Total

Total

Percent of all persons

248 709 873

199 686 070

80.3

76 880 105

2.24

5.4

68.2

2.8

23.2

25.1

68.3

10.9

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

143 119 52 67 24 11 12 55 6 3 46

807 359 192 166 448 562 885 878 299 402 176

279 248 735 513 031 503 528 791 526 922 343

76.9 75.4 66.2 84.6 84.9 83.6 86.1 90.6 89.3 89.5 90.9

56 47 21 25 9 4 5 20 2 1 16

613 112 600 512 500 486 013 267 452 346 468

098 854 072 782 244 590 654 007 238 368 401

2.17 2.18 2.03 2.29 2.16 2.15 2.18 2.40 2.20 2.18 2.45

5.3 5.3 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.7

63.5 63.2 54.4 70.7 64.7 61.6 67.6 81.5 72.9 76.8 83.1

2.9 3.0 3.8 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.6

23.4 22.6 23.7 21.6 27.6 26.2 28.8 22.6 29.7 32.0 20.8

27.4 27.3 32.4 23.0 27.6 28.2 27.1 18.8 26.2 27.0 17.1

65.1 64.0 55.8 70.8 70.5 68.8 72.1 77.2 75.2 79.0 77.4

14.5 16.1 20.8 12.1 6.5 8.3 5.0 1.0 2.9 1.4 .7

86 94 76 110 57 58 55 65 50 36 71

700 900 500 100 000 500 500 000 600 100 500

401 424 392 474 276 291 262 254 234 194 268

1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 .6 .7 .6 .6 .4 .3 .7

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

67 23 43 22 8 13 16 4 11 28 10 17 52 28 23 14 6 7 12 5 6 15 9 6 10 6 3

356 700 656 461 468 992 834 983 850 061 248 812 002 492 510 060 435 625 264 969 294 534 346 188 143 740 402

421 299 122 002 435 567 101 496 605 318 368 950 827 436 391 661 430 231 139 730 409 992 512 480 035 764 271

71.6 57.8 82.4 65.6 51.9 78.0 70.8 52.2 83.2 78.0 67.6 85.5 80.9 75.3 89.0 78.3 68.4 89.2 79.3 71.7 88.1 82.3 78.4 89.0 85.0 82.4 90.5

26 10 16 8 3 5 6 2 4 11 4 6 20 11 8 5 2 2 4 2 2 6 3 2 3 2 1

635 039 595 715 560 155 686 181 505 233 297 935 477 560 917 599 683 915 836 445 390 064 744 319 977 685 291

557 879 678 609 593 016 811 437 374 137 849 288 297 193 104 143 850 293 001 935 066 730 783 947 423 625 798

2.18 1.97 2.30 2.19 1.95 2.35 2.18 1.90 2.31 2.16 2.02 2.25 2.18 2.08 2.29 2.17 2.03 2.28 2.18 2.07 2.30 2.18 2.11 2.31 2.17 2.11 2.28

5.3 4.7 5.7 5.1 4.2 5.7 5.6 4.9 5.8 5.4 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.4

62.6 50.2 70.2 58.7 41.6 70.5 64.1 51.6 70.1 64.8 56.5 70.0 63.9 58.0 71.6 63.5 55.7 70.7 65.6 59.2 72.2 63.1 58.0 71.3 63.7 59.2 73.1

3.6 5.2 2.6 5.2 7.6 3.6 2.5 3.6 2.0 3.0 4.0 2.4 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.6 1.8 2.2 2.6 1.8 2.4 2.6 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.0

22.3 24.0 21.2 23.8 25.6 22.6 20.2 22.0 19.4 22.3 23.8 21.5 22.9 23.4 22.2 22.1 22.5 21.8 23.1 23.9 22.3 22.4 23.0 21.3 24.3 24.4 24.3

27.7 34.9 23.4 28.2 36.2 22.7 27.8 37.2 23.3 27.3 32.6 23.9 26.8 30.2 22.4 27.4 32.2 23.0 26.7 30.9 22.4 26.6 29.4 22.0 26.7 28.9 22.1

61.9 47.8 70.3 53.1 30.3 68.9 66.1 53.3 72.3 66.1 59.6 70.1 66.7 62.8 71.7 64.7 58.7 70.2 68.8 64.9 72.7 66.4 62.7 72.3 67.4 65.0 72.4

19.4 28.3 14.0 24.4 40.2 13.5 17.0 24.6 13.3 17.0 20.4 14.8 11.8 14.2 8.6 13.8 17.0 10.9 11.6 14.5 8.7 11.3 13.7 7.4 9.8 11.9 5.4

122 96 130 189 198 187 123 82 136 89 81 92 75 68 84 80 68 90 77 69 85 76 70 84 66 64 70

200 400 500 900 600 800 500 900 800 100 800 200 800 400 500 300 100 100 500 700 100 100 500 000 600 600 200

486 449 519 550 507 610 507 449 548 428 398 456 363 348 397 380 354 422 367 353 392 364 354 393 328 325 338

1.1 1.0 1.2 .8 .7 .9 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.4 .9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

150 51 99 74 67 7 24 48 17 1 16 8 8 31

863 452 411 886 365 521 524 822 538 267 271 245 026 284

170 071 099 399 275 124 700 900 683 155 528 260 268 217

78.3 66.1 86.5 84.7 84.5 86.6 92.7 87.2 84.1 83.4 84.2 83.5 84.9 89.0

58 21 37 28 25 2 8 18 6

333 323 010 390 573 817 619 546 923 495 428 234 194 622

897 382 515 886 614 272 629 208 987 534 453 124 329 221

2.23 2.03 2.34 2.29 2.30 2.28 2.50 2.26 2.12 2.15 2.11 2.11 2.11 2.34

5.4 5.0 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.5

66.3 54.3 73.3 70.3 70.6 67.3 83.2 74.0 63.8 63.6 63.8 61.0 66.7 80.1

2.9 3.7 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.6

22.1 23.7 21.2 21.8 21.5 24.8 19.0 26.5 28.6 25.1 28.9 26.9 30.9 25.3

25.6 32.5 21.6 23.1 23.0 23.9 16.5 23.7 29.0 26.0 29.2 29.3 29.1 20.6

66.5 55.8 72.7 70.8 70.8 70.8 78.9 73.8 70.1 65.1 70.4 68.3 72.6 76.0

13.4 20.9 9.2 11.6 12.2 6.4 1.1 3.0 6.7 8.8 6.5 8.2 4.7 .9

91 75 99 105 110 74 84 51 52 76 50 53 48 51

700 800 400 700 600 100 000 400 000 800 700 200 200 000

414 390 443 460 475 335 310 246 263 349 258 274 236 218

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 .7 .8 .6 .7 1.1 .6 .7 .5 .5

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

94 29 65 36 12 24 24 6 18 33 11 22 56 22 34 19 7 12 18 6 11 16 7 9 1 1

402 171 231 734 050 683 218 113 105 448 007 441 460 280 179 725 114 611 093 679 414 745 361 383 896 126 770

349 220 129 791 920 871 918 253 665 640 047 593 821 851 970 324 029 295 596 010 586 333 451 882 568 361 207

75.7 60.4 85.3 69.5 54.1 80.7 76.4 59.1 84.8 83.1 70.3 91.3 83.1 75.3 89.1 79.2 68.2 87.2 84.0 76.0 89.6 86.3 81.3 90.7 89.8 86.4 95.1

36 12 24 14 5 9 9 2 6 13 4 8 21 9 12 7 2 4 6 2 4 6 2 3

587 266 320 132 024 108 420 639 781 033 602 431 746 056 689 697 959 737 910 689 221 413 958 454 725 449 276

278 573 705 945 912 033 776 642 134 557 019 538 619 809 810 165 624 541 423 303 120 108 245 863 923 637 286

2.22 1.99 2.34 2.22 1.98 2.34 2.24 1.93 2.35 2.22 2.03 2.32 2.24 2.08 2.35 2.22 2.03 2.34 2.25 2.10 2.34 2.24 2.10 2.36 2.23 2.11 2.43

5.4 4.8 5.7 5.3 4.5 5.8 5.5 4.8 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.6

65.2 51.2 72.2 62.7 46.7 71.5 66.1 51.0 72.0 67.2 56.3 73.1 68.3 58.4 75.4 67.8 57.5 74.2 69.1 59.1 75.5 68.3 58.4 76.9 66.7 59.9 77.7

3.2 4.7 2.5 4.4 6.5 3.2 3.0 4.6 2.4 2.2 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.7 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.9

21.8 23.8 20.8 23.1 25.3 21.9 19.7 22.6 18.7 21.9 22.9 21.4 22.6 23.6 21.9 21.9 23.3 21.0 23.6 24.5 23.1 22.5 23.2 22.0 22.5 24.0 20.0

26.1 34.1 22.0 26.8 34.9 22.3 25.8 35.9 21.9 25.5 32.2 21.9 24.7 30.4 20.7 25.3 31.9 21.2 24.1 29.7 20.5 24.6 29.7 20.3 25.5 29.4 19.1

64.8 49.6 72.4 60.2 39.3 71.8 66.1 51.9 71.6 68.7 59.7 73.6 69.5 64.1 73.3 68.6 62.2 72.6 70.5 65.3 73.9 69.5 64.7 73.6 68.6 65.1 74.4

16.1 25.8 11.2 19.3 33.2 11.6 16.8 26.4 13.0 12.2 17.4 9.3 8.9 14.1 5.2 10.6 16.6 6.9 8.1 13.2 4.9 7.8 12.9 3.4 7.8 11.1 2.3

115 93 122 178 178 178 101 84 106 83 75 87 69 64 73 76 69 80 69 64 72 63 61 65 59 56 62

500 200 000 800 400 900 100 200 300 900 000 600 800 700 200 400 800 200 700 700 600 300 100 100 000 900 300

466 436 494 554 514 594 454 409 483 394 379 408 338 335 344 360 351 370 343 341 346 314 320 303 297 299 291

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 .9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 .9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 .7 .8 1.0 .4

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA 1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

6 3 3 11

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA 1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

10

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

499

Section Five: Census Data

Table 7.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Housing Characteristics of Housing Units With a Black Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States

Housing units with a Black householder Black

Percent

Total

Median persons in unit

Median rooms

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

Specified renter

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

1 unit, In builddeings tached with 10 or at- or more tached units

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

Total

Total

Percent of all persons

248 709 873

29 986 060

12.1

9 976 161

2.52

4.8

43.4

9.8

17.0

25.4

52.6

19.3

50 700

312

.4

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

26 23 17 6 2 1 1 3

444 536 291 245 908 724 184 616 585 368 663

14.0 14.9 22.0 7.8 9.1 9.9 8.4 6.2 6.3 5.4 6.3

8 7 5 2

836 996 970 025 840 441 398 1 139 143 67 929

740 181 947 234 559 625 934 421 168 033 220

2.49 2.48 2.42 2.69 2.57 2.52 2.62 2.79 2.62 2.59 2.82

4.7 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.2

39.7 39.1 36.6 46.4 45.7 41.6 50.3 71.9 58.0 66.2 74.4

9.7 9.7 10.0 8.7 9.8 9.3 10.4 10.6 11.0 11.3 10.5

16.0 15.4 17.2 10.1 21.7 20.4 23.1 24.5 25.5 28.5 24.0

25.9 26.0 27.6 21.3 25.1 25.6 24.6 21.7 24.9 25.6 20.9

50.6 49.2 47.0 55.7 63.9 62.8 65.2 68.2 66.7 68.1 68.4

21.6 23.3 23.9 21.3 6.3 7.6 4.8 1.3 3.2 1.5 1.0

53 56 47 79 35 36 34 38 32 27 40

100 300 900 300 600 500 800 900 100 700 800

319 332 307 445 182 203 159 153 137 113 162

.4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 .6 .4 .4 .6

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

15 10 4 5 4 1 4 3 1 5 3 1 8 6 1 2 2

387 879 508 705 293 411 536 267 268 146 318 827 145 428 717 594 108 486 166 614 552 218 762 455 166 943 222

703 622 081 341 698 643 123 559 564 239 365 874 833 669 164 678 473 205 471 142 329 683 876 807 001 178 823

16.4 26.5 8.5 16.7 26.3 7.9 19.1 34.2 8.9 14.3 21.9 8.8 12.7 17.0 6.5 14.5 22.4 5.7 14.0 19.4 7.7 11.8 14.8 6.6 9.8 11.5 5.9

5 3 1 1 1

252 768 483 912 463 448 588 158 430 751 146 604 743 202 541 903 743 159 722 546 175 735 596 138 383 316 66

282 376 906 046 187 859 712 641 071 524 548 976 899 571 328 037 180 857 006 266 740 786 970 816 070 155 915

2.47 2.40 2.66 2.49 2.43 2.71 2.41 2.35 2.58 2.50 2.42 2.69 2.52 2.47 2.75 2.46 2.41 2.71 2.57 2.51 2.76 2.54 2.49 2.77 2.55 2.50 2.82

4.6 4.5 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.1

37.7 34.7 45.5 30.8 26.4 45.0 43.7 43.0 45.7 39.9 36.8 45.8 41.6 39.9 48.8 42.0 40.7 47.9 42.7 40.5 49.4 40.1 38.6 46.5 41.8 39.2 53.7

10.6 11.2 9.0 13.3 14.2 10.3 8.4 9.0 7.0 9.5 9.6 9.5 8.0 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.5 7.9 8.4 8.6 7.8 8.2 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.1

15.3 17.5 9.7 15.9 17.0 12.0 15.6 18.1 8.7 14.4 17.4 8.7 15.6 16.7 11.3 15.7 16.9 9.9 15.1 16.2 11.5 15.3 16.3 11.4 17.1 17.7 14.3

26.5 28.4 21.7 26.8 28.4 21.5 27.4 29.2 22.5 25.4 27.5 21.3 25.0 26.2 20.2 26.2 27.4 20.4 24.4 25.7 20.4 24.5 25.5 20.2 24.4 25.5 19.5

45.1 41.8 53.7 29.7 23.7 49.1 55.2 55.1 55.3 52.9 51.2 56.0 56.9 55.9 61.3 54.4 53.3 59.6 58.4 57.4 61.3 56.8 55.8 60.9 60.3 59.2 65.6

27.9 29.3 24.5 38.7 43.0 24.9 23.8 22.3 27.9 19.8 18.8 21.7 14.4 14.8 12.5 17.1 17.4 16.0 14.4 14.8 13.1 13.1 13.6 10.9 10.3 11.1 6.2

66 52 90 114 94 140 52 39 99 59 50 70 46 43 59 48 44 68 48 44 59 46 44 54 41 39 49

500 700 100 900 200 100 400 000 400 100 900 000 700 700 600 200 500 200 000 400 300 300 400 000 100 100 000

368 335 484 415 391 547 359 316 548 323 286 412 273 262 339 284 269 382 282 269 335 270 262 315 239 232 284

.4 .5 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .5 .3 .4 .5 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

25 17 7 6 6

122 169 952 790 235 554 162 864 203 201 001 052 949 660

054 430 624 086 478 608 538 006 157 221 936 836 100 849

13.0 22.1 6.9 7.7 7.8 6.4 4.4 8.7 10.6 13.2 10.4 10.7 10.0 7.6

8 5 2 2 2

455 925 530 201 028 173 329 1 520 712 65 647 341 305 807

952 383 569 473 435 038 096 209 516 249 267 554 713 693

2.50 2.42 2.71 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.84 2.65 2.53 2.56 2.53 2.50 2.57 2.76

4.7 4.6 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0

40.6 36.6 50.0 46.3 46.3 46.5 74.5 58.9 45.3 41.3 45.7 41.5 50.4 70.8

9.7 10.0 8.9 8.8 8.7 10.3 9.1 10.5 9.6 8.6 9.7 9.1 10.5 11.2

15.7 17.2 12.3 10.8 10.1 19.1 22.4 23.8 22.0 17.9 22.5 21.0 24.1 25.3

25.7 27.6 21.2 21.4 21.3 22.5 19.9 23.9 25.6 23.7 25.8 26.2 25.4 22.4

50.3 46.9 58.3 56.2 55.7 62.7 72.3 65.2 63.7 58.1 64.3 63.1 65.7 66.5

22.2 24.0 17.9 20.3 21.4 8.2 1.9 3.3 5.9 7.6 5.7 7.0 4.2 1.1

55 47 72 77 79 45 50 34 34 45 33 34 32 34

500 800 900 100 800 500 800 400 400 500 500 600 500 500

329 307 420 430 446 237 212 161 173 218 169 190 147 134

.4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .5 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 .6

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

17 12 5 7 5 2 5 3 2 4 3 1 7 5 2 3 2 1 2 1

638 140 497 705 585 119 368 202 166 564 352 211 483 029 454 351 336 015 174 387 787 1 819 1 191 628 138 114 23

128 180 948 099 464 635 985 461 524 044 255 789 926 250 676 612 258 354 861 488 373 417 268 149 036 236 800

14.1 25.2 7.2 14.6 25.1 6.9 16.9 31.0 10.1 11.3 21.4 4.9 11.0 17.0 6.4 13.5 22.4 7.0 10.1 15.8 6.2 9.4 13.2 6.1 6.5 8.8 2.9

5 4 1 2 1

262 163 099 861 758 103 955 432 523 446 973 473 690 220 470 147 418 729 863 127 736 034 177 857 646 498 148

2.48 2.41 2.68 2.48 2.42 2.68 2.47 2.36 2.68 2.48 2.42 2.67 2.56 2.47 2.77 2.50 2.43 2.73 2.62 2.52 2.81 2.59 2.49 2.80 2.48 2.47 2.60

4.7 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.2

38.4 34.9 46.9 35.0 31.1 45.9 42.1 39.2 46.7 39.8 36.8 48.9 45.8 40.8 57.2 44.8 40.7 55.2 46.5 41.4 56.7 46.8 40.1 61.1 47.0 44.1 63.0

10.2 10.8 8.9 12.0 12.9 9.4 9.7 9.9 9.3 7.9 8.1 7.2 8.4 8.2 8.9 8.0 7.9 8.3 8.9 8.7 9.2 8.9 8.5 9.7 7.1 7.1 7.2

15.2 17.2 10.7 16.2 17.5 12.3 13.7 17.1 8.5 15.5 16.7 11.9 16.9 17.2 16.2 16.7 17.3 15.2 16.4 16.8 15.5 17.7 17.4 18.4 20.5 19.3 27.0

26.2 28.2 21.5 26.5 28.3 21.5 26.0 28.9 21.5 25.9 27.4 21.3 24.5 26.2 20.6 25.3 27.0 20.9 23.6 25.4 20.3 24.0 25.6 20.5 26.3 26.7 24.1

46.3 42.4 55.6 37.3 32.0 52.6 52.8 51.0 55.6 53.7 51.3 60.9 60.0 57.9 64.7 57.4 55.3 62.8 62.5 60.5 66.3 61.5 59.6 65.5 65.6 64.1 73.5

26.3 28.0 22.4 33.2 36.7 23.3 24.5 24.3 24.8 17.0 17.3 16.3 12.2 14.3 7.5 15.0 17.0 10.0 10.4 12.4 6.5 9.3 11.6 4.5 8.9 10.1 2.6

65 52 87 94 72 129 59 42 77 53 49 66 44 42 50 48 45 56 43 40 49 40 39 42 33 33 36

500 400 400 400 200 400 100 800 800 800 900 600 500 200 300 300 100 200 300 300 300 400 300 400 900 500 400

363 331 469 416 387 534 352 304 462 302 288 368 258 252 285 271 262 310 257 250 287 236 235 237 221 222 213

.4 .5 .3 .4 .5 .3 .4 .5 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .3 .5

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

153 533 308 225 619 366 253 832 447 205 3 179

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA 1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

2 1 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 2

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

1 4 2 2 1 2

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA 1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

500

1 1 1 1 2 1 1

981 204 777 580 909 671 844 129 715 555 164 390 474 721 753 136 814 321 704 468 236 588 400 187 45 38 7

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

11

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 8.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Housing Characteristics of Housing Units With an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States

Housing units with an American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut householder

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Percent

Specified renter

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

Total

Median persons in unit

Median rooms

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

591 372

2.80

4.7

53.8

15.2

13.1

19.6

62.1

9.9

1 unit, In builddeings tached with 10 or at- or more tached units

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

51 900

300

.5

Total

Total

Percent of all persons

248 709 873

1 959 234

.8

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

1 100 768 468 299 332 134 197 858 108 140 610

534 135 915 220 399 735 664 700 037 600 063

.6 .5 .6 .4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 3.7 1.2

349 252 155 97 97 42 54 241 31 37 173

899 845 508 337 054 111 943 473 067 317 089

2.58 2.50 2.43 2.65 2.81 2.55 3.02 3.12 3.05 3.38 3.08

4.6 4.6 4.4 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.8

42.6 40.7 34.0 51.3 47.7 42.5 51.6 69.9 54.9 64.7 73.8

12.1 10.9 12.2 8.8 15.2 10.4 18.8 19.6 16.8 26.6 18.6

11.4 10.4 10.8 9.7 14.0 13.7 14.2 15.6 15.3 16.1 15.5

21.8 22.5 24.9 18.7 20.0 22.6 17.9 16.5 18.0 16.8 16.1

54.9 52.2 46.3 61.6 61.8 58.6 64.3 72.5 71.0 82.4 70.7

16.2 19.8 23.1 14.5 6.7 9.6 4.5 .9 2.7 1.0 .6

64 74 64 87 44 46 42 39 39 33 40

500 200 200 300 300 500 800 300 200 800 900

338 371 345 447 240 264 215 165 167 125 178

.5 .6 .6 .5 .4 .4 .3 .6 .5 .5 .6

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

389 207 181 113 62 50 79 34 45 196 110 86 379 261 117 95 59 35 105 71 34 100 72 28 77 58 18

044 148 896 011 270 741 264 199 065 769 679 090 091 767 324 114 119 995 896 368 528 675 491 184 406 789 617

.4 .5 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 .5 .7 .4 .6 .7 .4 .5 .6 .4 .7 .9 .5 .5 .6 .4 .6 .7 .5

128 68 59 36 20 16 28 12 15 63 35 28 124 86 37 31 20 11 35 24 11 32 23 9 24 18 5

575 687 888 625 455 170 181 718 463 769 514 255 270 821 449 920 534 386 206 057 149 531 458 073 613 772 841

2.51 2.43 2.64 2.60 2.50 2.72 2.38 2.20 2.53 2.55 2.48 2.65 2.49 2.43 2.68 2.44 2.34 2.66 2.48 2.41 2.69 2.50 2.46 2.65 2.57 2.52 2.74

4.5 4.2 4.9 4.1 3.8 4.7 4.9 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.3 5.0 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.9

39.3 30.4 49.6 35.0 25.7 46.7 45.1 36.1 52.4 39.3 31.1 49.6 42.1 36.9 54.0 43.5 37.9 53.6 44.3 39.2 55.3 40.5 35.4 53.6 39.0 34.7 53.0

12.9 15.7 9.6 18.3 21.7 14.1 8.6 11.0 6.7 11.6 13.8 8.7 8.9 9.5 7.5 9.0 9.4 8.1 8.6 9.5 6.8 8.8 9.5 6.9 9.4 9.7 8.5

10.0 10.7 9.2 11.8 12.3 11.1 10.6 12.4 9.0 8.8 9.2 8.3 10.7 10.8 10.4 11.2 11.6 10.4 11.3 11.5 10.8 9.5 9.4 9.7 10.9 11.0 10.6

22.7 25.8 19.1 22.8 25.9 18.9 24.9 30.5 20.3 21.7 24.1 18.6 22.3 24.2 18.0 23.6 26.3 18.8 22.4 24.7 17.6 21.9 23.3 18.2 20.9 22.2 16.9

49.5 40.0 60.5 40.3 26.5 57.8 56.5 47.3 64.1 51.7 45.0 60.1 55.0 51.4 63.4 55.5 51.0 63.8 58.2 54.5 66.1 51.9 48.1 61.6 54.0 52.0 60.3

24.8 30.8 17.9 32.1 42.9 18.4 21.4 26.7 17.1 22.1 25.2 18.0 14.6 17.0 9.1 15.9 18.2 11.8 15.3 18.5 8.5 14.3 16.6 8.4 12.4 14.3 6.4

97 79 112 177 172 180 86 58 104 81 70 89 61 57 66 57 52 64 60 56 65 68 66 70 58 56 62

700 000 200 300 100 100 500 700 400 600 400 700 200 600 000 900 500 800 700 800 900 000 500 000 300 500 600

429 386 508 513 460 614 451 383 539 387 358 447 319 311 354 308 291 362 320 312 354 351 346 370 299 295 312

.7 .8 .5 1.0 1.1 .8 .6 .8 .5 .6 .6 .4 .4 .5 .3 .4 .4 .3 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 .3 .4 .4 .3

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

1 002 465 537 366 302 63 171 956 270 8 261 106 155 686

984 364 620 132 903 229 488 250 174 925 249 069 180 076

.5 .6 .5 .4 .4 .7 .6 1.7 1.3 .6 1.4 1.1 1.6 2.0

323 154 169 118 98 19 51 267 77 2 74 32 42 190

542 315 227 225 568 657 002 830 696 815 881 868 013 134

2.58 2.43 2.74 2.67 2.65 2.78 2.91 3.07 2.81 2.54 2.82 2.51 3.08 3.18

4.7 4.4 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6

46.5 34.1 57.8 51.5 51.3 52.5 72.5 62.5 46.1 38.5 46.4 41.1 50.5 69.2

10.9 12.2 9.7 9.2 8.9 10.7 10.9 20.3 16.3 9.5 16.5 10.7 21.1 22.0

11.1 10.9 11.2 10.4 9.7 13.9 13.2 15.5 13.8 10.3 13.9 13.7 14.1 16.3

21.2 25.0 17.7 18.5 18.6 18.0 15.9 17.7 20.5 21.2 20.4 23.4 18.1 16.6

56.3 46.5 65.1 62.6 61.7 67.0 71.0 69.1 59.8 51.3 60.2 56.3 63.2 73.0

16.0 23.0 9.5 13.2 14.5 6.4 1.1 2.7 7.0 11.1 6.8 9.9 4.4 .9

69 62 73 82 88 54 56 36 41 64 41 43 39 34

000 800 300 200 600 700 700 800 700 800 100 100 500 700

361 343 397 423 450 304 254 187 229 284 226 255 203 151

.6 .6 .5 .4 .5 .4 .6 .5 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .6

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

530 241 289 201 91 110 114 42 72 214 107 106 472 223 248 188 82 105 115 56 59 146 68 78 21 16 5

902 540 362 590 201 389 976 873 103 336 466 870 082 824 258 446 651 795 866 851 015 185 103 082 585 219 366

.4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .5 .7 .4 .7 .8 .6 .8 .8 .7 .5 .6 .5 .8 .8 .8 1.0 1.2 .7

173 80 93 65 30 35 39 15 23 68 34 33 150 73 76 61 28 32 37 18 18 44 21 23 6 4 1

535 394 141 905 249 656 230 312 918 400 833 567 007 921 086 285 664 621 521 844 677 976 739 237 225 674 551

2.57 2.43 2.70 2.60 2.49 2.70 2.47 2.23 2.66 2.61 2.48 2.74 2.60 2.42 2.79 2.51 2.34 2.73 2.62 2.47 2.78 2.67 2.45 2.89 2.74 2.71 2.85

4.6 4.2 5.0 4.4 4.0 4.8 4.9 4.4 5.2 4.7 4.4 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.4 5.1

42.8 30.7 53.3 41.0 30.1 50.2 46.9 33.4 55.6 42.2 30.1 54.8 50.8 37.8 63.4 54.0 42.3 64.3 48.8 36.2 61.5 50.2 35.4 64.1 35.9 28.5 58.2

12.1 14.7 9.9 15.1 18.9 12.0 8.4 10.5 7.1 11.4 12.9 9.8 9.5 9.5 9.4 8.9 8.5 9.2 10.0 11.0 8.9 9.8 9.3 10.1 10.3 10.9 8.4

10.2 10.6 9.8 11.6 12.1 11.1 9.4 11.2 8.2 9.4 9.1 9.7 12.1 11.2 12.9 13.2 12.7 13.7 11.4 10.5 12.3 11.2 9.8 12.5 10.9 10.9 11.0

21.7 25.6 18.3 21.7 25.2 18.8 22.5 29.4 18.0 21.1 24.2 17.9 20.6 24.3 17.1 21.6 25.7 17.9 20.1 23.4 16.9 19.9 23.8 16.2 20.0 21.2 16.2

52.3 40.8 62.3 49.8 35.1 62.3 56.4 46.1 62.9 52.5 43.4 61.9 60.8 52.8 68.6 64.6 57.0 71.2 59.4 51.9 67.1 58.2 49.2 66.6 50.9 47.4 61.4

20.8 28.8 13.9 24.0 35.4 14.3 19.7 27.6 14.7 18.3 23.7 12.8 10.4 16.7 4.2 10.7 17.3 4.8 11.3 17.8 4.8 9.0 15.2 3.2 12.8 16.4 2.0

92 77 100 160 160 160 77 61 83 71 63 77 53 54 53 52 52 52 60 61 60 52 54 51 45 43 50

900 100 300 500 200 600 300 200 900 900 600 900 800 000 600 300 000 600 700 700 000 400 300 300 700 700 500

416 380 473 520 473 583 396 355 440 358 342 393 300 304 290 298 296 302 320 322 317 291 308 258 264 265 255

.7 .8 .5 .8 1.0 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .5 .6 .5 .3 .4 –

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA 1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA 1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

12

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

501

Section Five: Census Data

Table 9.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Housing Characteristics of Housing Units With an Asian or Pacific Islander Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States

Housing units with an Asian or Pacific Islander householder

Asian or Pacific Islander

Percent

Specified renter

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

Total

Total

Percent of all persons

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

248 709 873

7 273 662

2.9

2 013 735

3.13

4.2

52.2

23.6

10.0

16.3

55.3

23.9

178 300

484

.6

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

6 6 3 3

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

4 2 2 2 1 1 1

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

Total

Median persons in unit

Median rooms

1 unit, In builddeings tached with 10 or at- or more tached units

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

934 507 421 085 427 227 199 338 65 17 255

689 391 439 952 298 888 410 973 784 286 903

3.7 4.1 4.3 3.9 1.5 1.6 1.3 .5 .9 .5 .5

1 934 866 1 823 436 995 571 827 865 111 430 62 955 48 475 78 869 17 569 4 208 57 092

3.13 3.14 2.89 3.41 2.98 2.76 3.27 3.13 2.96 2.79 3.21

4.2 4.2 3.7 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.6 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.5

51.4 51.3 40.7 63.9 53.3 48.2 59.9 71.0 64.3 58.3 74.0

24.0 24.2 27.6 20.1 20.0 18.0 22.7 14.1 18.2 17.1 12.7

9.8 9.6 11.8 6.8 13.4 12.5 14.6 14.7 23.5 25.3 11.2

16.4 16.3 20.0 11.9 17.6 19.8 14.7 14.4 17.0 18.8 13.2

54.3 53.6 41.3 68.3 66.1 59.4 74.9 79.4 79.3 81.0 79.3

24.7 25.4 32.9 16.5 12.6 16.6 7.3 3.7 3.9 3.1 3.7

180 186 170 196 113 103 126 129 103 87 144

900 400 100 000 600 100 000 500 500 400 700

487 497 448 590 339 324 374 334 304 220 366

.6 .6 .6 .5 .4 .3 .6 .5 .4 .1 .6

815 347 467 297 143 154 270 548 721 1 247 655 591 1 692 1 073 618 698 410 287 352 232 119 433 274 159 207 155 52

262 588 674 774 533 241 383 749 634 105 306 799 129 851 278 114 967 147 353 973 380 880 240 640 782 671 111

5.1 5.7 4.7 6.7 7.0 6.4 5.3 5.8 5.1 3.5 4.3 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.3 3.9 4.4 3.4 2.3 2.8 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.4

1 355 686 668 655 344 310 362 166 196 337 175 161 468 308 159 208 132 76 89 59 30 116 75 40 53 41 12

163 728 435 466 618 848 354 311 043 343 799 544 273 843 430 783 387 396 710 159 551 100 703 397 680 594 086

3.21 2.95 3.44 3.25 2.95 3.55 3.14 2.73 3.43 3.19 3.16 3.21 2.96 2.76 3.30 2.79 2.46 3.34 3.24 3.26 3.21 3.04 2.91 3.28 2.94 2.83 3.29

4.1 3.6 4.8 3.9 3.3 4.7 4.3 3.6 5.0 4.3 4.1 4.7 4.2 3.9 5.0 4.2 3.7 4.9 4.3 4.0 5.2 4.4 4.1 5.0 4.1 4.0 4.7

51.6 40.0 63.5 48.7 35.0 63.8 54.3 39.7 66.7 54.4 50.0 59.2 50.2 42.4 65.5 54.9 46.7 69.0 46.6 38.0 63.2 49.1 41.3 63.6 40.8 36.7 54.9

25.4 29.8 20.8 27.9 32.5 22.8 22.3 26.4 18.9 23.7 27.7 19.4 20.9 22.7 17.3 19.3 20.0 18.2 25.0 30.6 14.1 19.9 21.4 17.2 22.2 22.8 20.0

8.9 11.5 6.2 8.9 11.3 6.4 9.9 14.3 6.1 7.9 9.5 6.1 11.4 12.5 9.2 16.8 20.0 11.3 7.5 8.2 6.0 7.2 6.4 8.7 5.8 5.8 5.9

15.8 19.7 11.8 15.2 19.5 10.5 16.8 22.9 11.6 15.8 17.3 14.2 17.8 20.5 12.5 19.3 23.7 11.7 15.8 16.5 14.5 16.4 18.6 12.3 18.1 19.6 13.3

53.3 39.2 67.9 47.8 29.0 68.6 55.9 39.7 69.5 61.4 58.5 64.4 54.2 46.1 70.0 53.9 44.0 71.0 55.7 48.6 69.4 56.2 48.6 70.4 49.1 44.9 63.4

26.1 34.6 17.3 29.9 42.4 16.0 24.1 32.1 17.3 20.8 21.8 19.7 23.6 29.0 13.1 26.9 35.3 12.4 20.4 23.5 14.5 20.4 24.0 13.5 22.8 25.9 12.3

196 184 203 227 211 235 195 179 200 144 154 138 148 135 161 213 248 190 97 88 113 142 125 165 99 97 106

500 000 700 500 400 000 800 200 400 800 100 300 000 000 200 200 800 700 100 500 300 000 000 100 800 600 700

535 486 619 582 524 675 519 436 630 453 411 494 388 372 442 424 411 469 362 348 416 387 369 459 348 341 376

.6 .7 .5 .7 .8 .4 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 .3 .4 .2 .6 .6 .3 .6 .5 .7 .5 .5 .4

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

6 3 3 3 3

823 373 450 262 125 136 187 449 298 23 275 165 110 150

859 675 184 758 833 925 426 803 962 044 918 504 414 841

3.5 4.3 3.0 3.7 3.9 1.6 .7 .8 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.2 .4

1 896 982 913 870 838 32 43 117 81 6 75 47 28 35

281 551 730 648 502 146 082 454 811 234 577 167 410 643

3.15 2.89 3.41 3.41 3.41 3.45 3.33 2.80 2.76 2.50 2.78 2.62 3.05 2.89

4.2 3.7 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 5.7 4.5 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.9

52.0 40.4 64.5 63.9 64.1 59.1 75.5 54.6 49.8 35.0 51.0 46.0 59.1 65.7

24.0 27.8 19.9 20.3 20.1 24.7 13.0 17.1 17.7 15.0 18.0 17.0 19.6 15.5

9.6 11.8 7.3 7.1 6.9 12.1 11.0 15.2 13.5 4.8 14.2 13.3 15.7 19.2

16.1 20.1 11.9 11.9 11.9 13.3 12.1 19.0 19.8 23.7 19.5 21.1 16.7 17.1

54.6 40.9 69.2 68.6 68.5 72.6 81.0 66.6 61.8 41.0 63.5 57.5 73.6 77.4

24.6 33.1 15.5 16.1 16.4 8.9 3.8 11.6 15.0 26.7 14.1 18.1 7.5 3.6

184 169 191 193 196 113 162 106 112 87 113 104 128 97

000 100 700 000 000 700 200 900 200 000 700 200 500 600

495 447 579 583 590 392 401 319 325 375 321 314 355 286

.6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4 .3 .7 .5

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

5 2 2 3 1 1

317 524 792 518 724 793 910 322 587 888 477 410 1 506 849 657 875 454 421 358 220 138 251 157 93 20 16 4

229 580 649 730 860 870 401 412 989 098 308 790 630 095 535 741 580 161 684 522 162 215 629 586 990 364 626

4.3 5.2 3.6 6.7 7.7 5.9 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.2 3.0 1.7 2.2 2.9 1.7 3.5 4.4 2.9 1.7 2.5 1.1 1.3 1.7 .9 1.0 1.3 .6

1 485 735 749 992 507 485 258 99 158 235 128 106 410 246 163 250 141 108 91 57 33 63 42 20 5 4

853 860 993 516 210 306 229 951 278 108 699 409 428 691 737 038 894 144 094 307 787 758 912 846 538 578 960

3.21 2.96 3.43 3.24 3.00 3.47 3.13 2.62 3.41 3.14 3.05 3.23 2.96 2.69 3.34 2.93 2.53 3.40 3.16 3.12 3.22 2.88 2.73 3.19 2.57 2.49 2.95

4.2 3.6 4.8 4.1 3.5 4.8 4.4 3.6 5.0 4.4 4.1 5.0 4.2 3.8 4.9 4.2 3.7 4.9 4.4 4.0 5.0 4.1 3.8 4.7 3.7 3.5 5.0

52.1 39.9 64.1 52.1 39.8 64.9 52.4 34.8 63.6 51.9 44.3 61.1 51.6 41.8 66.3 56.0 45.5 69.6 48.8 40.6 62.6 40.1 32.5 55.6 31.6 27.6 50.4

24.6 29.3 20.0 26.4 31.2 21.4 20.2 24.1 17.7 21.7 25.6 17.1 21.9 23.4 19.6 21.2 21.9 20.4 23.6 27.8 16.6 21.9 22.6 20.5 20.6 22.5 11.7

8.7 11.1 6.3 9.6 12.4 6.7 6.2 8.5 4.7 7.4 8.2 6.5 13.1 13.9 11.9 16.9 19.2 13.9 8.8 9.1 8.5 5.2 4.2 7.1 3.5 3.7 2.8

15.7 19.6 11.9 15.3 19.2 11.3 16.5 23.4 12.2 16.5 18.5 14.1 17.7 21.4 12.3 17.8 22.8 11.3 16.4 17.8 14.0 19.1 21.2 14.7 22.2 23.5 15.6

54.1 39.5 68.5 52.9 36.7 69.7 54.7 36.9 65.9 58.8 52.4 66.6 56.1 45.1 72.7 57.9 44.3 75.7 58.4 51.9 69.5 47.5 39.9 63.1 37.1 33.2 55.9

25.2 33.9 16.6 25.8 35.6 15.5 27.2 39.4 19.4 20.4 23.2 17.1 22.7 30.7 10.5 24.1 34.8 10.1 18.1 22.2 11.2 22.9 28.4 11.5 28.8 32.6 10.8

191 179 197 234 224 240 124 89 136 115 113 115 147 128 160 207 233 195 98 94 106 78 73 84 77 73 89

400 100 500 500 200 200 300 100 300 000 900 700 000 400 000 100 200 500 500 000 000 700 600 800 100 300 400

525 480 607 582 522 665 457 389 527 404 381 439 373 360 416 412 396 455 367 354 408 314 309 333 290 284 338

.6 .7 .5 .7 .8 .5 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .3 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .5 .4 .5 –

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA 1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA 1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

502

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

13

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 10.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Housing Characteristics of Housing Units With an Hispanic Origin Householder: 1990

[Householders of Hispanic origin may be of any race. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States

Housing units with an Hispanic origin householder

Hispanic origin

Percent

Total

Total

Percent of all persons

248 709 873

22 354 059

9.0

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

20 18 11 6 2 1

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

13 8 5 7 4 2 2 1

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

20 11 8 7 6

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

15 8 6 9 5 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 1

Specified renter

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

Total

Median persons in unit

Median rooms

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

6 001 718

3.29

4.2

42.4

27.1

11.3

14.8

51.3

21.5

1 unit, In builddeings tached with 10 or at- or more tached units

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

77 200

393

.7

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

426 355 671 684 070 102 967 1 927 318 89 1 520

228 980 728 252 248 447 801 831 036 028 767

10.9 11.6 14.8 8.4 7.2 8.0 6.5 3.1 4.5 2.3 3.0

5 4 3 1

530 988 235 753 542 291 251 470 82 23 364

932 301 169 132 631 255 376 786 639 929 218

3.28 3.27 3.20 3.39 3.37 3.34 3.40 3.43 3.42 3.13 3.46

4.2 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7

40.6 39.3 33.6 49.9 52.7 49.2 56.8 63.5 62.5 65.7 63.6

27.4 27.8 28.6 26.3 24.1 23.6 24.6 23.2 22.9 17.2 23.6

11.1 10.9 11.5 9.7 13.7 13.2 14.3 12.5 14.9 17.6 11.6

15.0 15.1 16.7 12.3 13.9 14.1 13.6 12.5 13.4 16.6 12.1

50.0 48.2 41.9 59.9 67.0 65.6 68.5 66.7 69.4 70.4 65.9

23.2 24.9 29.1 17.2 6.8 8.4 5.0 1.4 2.5 1.4 1.2

80 87 67 121 47 50 44 50 37 29 58

200 500 200 400 500 000 900 600 600 300 900

399 410 374 510 267 278 251 238 222 186 252

.7 .7 .8 .6 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .4 .6

600 108 492 469 558 911 189 286 902 940 262 677 755 563 192 284 923 361 344 982 361 348 049 298 778 607 170

190 012 178 886 322 564 445 752 693 859 938 921 790 716 074 790 451 339 597 762 835 272 745 527 131 758 373

14.5 19.8 10.4 21.8 28.0 16.2 9.2 13.5 6.3 11.0 14.9 8.1 7.4 9.4 4.5 7.2 9.8 4.2 8.7 11.8 5.1 7.1 8.8 4.3 6.5 7.4 4.5

3 2 1 1 1

683 245 437 938 224 714 596 353 242 1 149 668 481 1 304 989 315 368 266 101 370 275 95 356 281 75 209 166 43

627 865 762 047 019 028 053 545 508 527 301 226 674 304 370 088 781 307 419 064 355 836 217 619 331 242 089

3.29 3.21 3.41 3.48 3.36 3.67 3.26 3.24 3.30 3.02 2.94 3.12 3.19 3.16 3.28 3.08 3.06 3.14 3.18 3.13 3.32 3.30 3.29 3.35 3.21 3.17 3.37

4.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.6

36.8 29.2 48.6 29.0 20.4 43.9 39.3 32.9 48.5 48.5 43.6 55.5 46.4 43.4 56.0 44.8 41.2 54.3 49.1 45.5 59.6 45.0 42.9 52.9 47.0 44.2 57.8

30.2 31.7 27.7 35.0 35.7 33.8 28.1 31.5 23.1 23.1 24.6 21.1 21.1 21.5 19.9 19.0 19.6 17.4 20.5 20.5 20.7 23.0 23.6 21.0 22.5 22.6 22.1

10.7 11.5 9.6 9.7 9.9 9.3 8.2 8.6 7.7 13.8 15.9 10.8 11.2 11.5 10.2 11.1 11.7 9.3 12.0 12.0 11.8 10.4 10.9 8.7 11.5 11.5 11.7

15.1 16.9 12.1 14.0 15.8 10.8 15.8 17.6 13.2 16.5 18.7 13.5 15.3 16.1 12.8 16.5 17.5 13.9 15.4 16.3 12.6 14.3 14.8 12.1 14.8 15.6 12.0

44.7 35.6 58.9 34.4 21.5 56.4 51.2 46.4 58.3 58.7 55.7 62.8 58.1 56.0 64.5 53.4 51.3 59.0 61.9 59.0 70.3 58.1 56.2 64.8 59.6 58.4 64.1

28.7 35.0 18.8 33.7 43.6 16.8 26.4 29.6 21.9 21.3 22.1 20.3 14.4 15.8 10.1 18.4 20.3 13.7 12.8 14.4 8.3 13.2 14.0 9.9 12.3 14.0 5.8

111 79 137 168 157 173 70 46 121 80 67 94 61 57 72 60 54 76 61 60 64 62 55 81 63 62 66

000 100 000 000 600 100 400 900 100 900 000 700 900 900 000 900 700 900 700 700 200 600 100 900 600 900 500

434 395 527 466 423 562 378 331 542 399 359 474 337 324 389 334 311 419 333 328 352 351 334 416 329 328 335

.8 .8 .7 .8 .8 .7 .9 1.0 .8 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .7 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .5

204 514 690 669 854 815 020 149 244 51 193 655 537 904

818 252 566 637 456 181 929 241 669 453 216 690 526 572

10.5 14.8 7.6 8.7 8.6 9.4 3.9 3.8 6.0 3.4 6.2 6.6 5.7 2.6

5 3 2 1 1

427 196 230 994 794 200 236 574 340 14 326 177 148 233

548 572 976 710 407 303 266 170 214 034 180 936 244 956

3.30 3.19 3.45 3.42 3.40 3.66 3.63 3.18 3.16 2.73 3.18 3.20 3.15 3.22

4.1 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7

40.8 33.3 51.4 49.9 49.9 50.2 63.8 58.1 54.5 48.5 54.8 51.0 59.3 63.3

27.9 28.6 26.9 27.0 26.5 31.2 26.4 19.6 19.4 11.4 19.7 20.3 19.0 20.0

10.9 11.5 9.9 9.9 9.7 11.6 10.3 14.8 15.0 10.8 15.2 14.3 16.3 14.6

14.7 16.7 11.9 12.0 12.2 10.8 10.4 15.4 15.9 18.1 15.8 15.5 16.0 14.8

49.8 41.7 61.4 60.5 59.9 65.8 68.7 66.4 67.5 58.3 67.9 66.6 69.5 64.8

23.3 29.3 14.7 16.3 17.2 8.2 1.6 4.0 6.0 11.0 5.8 7.3 3.9 1.3

84 66 107 113 121 61 65 39 40 68 39 42 36 38

600 300 100 300 500 600 900 900 500 200 500 800 200 800

405 373 479 491 509 308 270 229 241 340 237 256 213 209

.7 .8 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5

435 724 711 646 470 176 047 607 440 741 645 095 768 790 978 696 020 675 1 941 1 065 876 1 048 636 411 83 67 15

936 237 699 762 682 080 711 576 135 463 979 484 882 015 867 135 275 860 524 089 435 036 781 255 187 870 317

12.4 18.1 8.8 18.3 24.6 13.7 9.6 15.5 6.7 6.8 10.5 4.5 7.0 9.4 5.2 6.8 9.8 4.7 9.0 12.1 6.9 5.4 7.0 4.0 3.9 5.2 1.9

4 2 1 2 1 1

154 414 740 489 458 031 893 480 412 772 474 297 1 272 782 490 460 289 170 506 293 212 281 179 102 23 19 3

630 004 626 327 170 157 130 869 261 173 965 208 918 568 350 666 670 996 839 970 869 793 215 578 620 713 907

3.30 3.21 3.42 3.47 3.37 3.60 3.08 2.97 3.21 3.06 3.00 3.13 3.28 3.13 3.54 3.23 3.11 3.44 3.38 3.18 3.64 3.23 3.09 3.47 3.01 2.95 3.27

4.0 3.8 4.4 3.9 3.7 4.3 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.0

37.9 29.4 49.7 33.0 23.6 46.4 42.9 32.8 54.7 47.6 43.6 54.1 50.2 45.6 57.5 46.5 43.1 52.4 52.7 46.9 60.9 51.3 46.9 59.1 52.2 50.3 62.0

29.4 31.1 27.1 33.4 34.8 31.5 27.0 30.6 22.8 19.3 20.3 17.6 23.0 20.9 26.3 22.1 20.4 25.1 25.1 22.7 28.4 21.2 19.3 24.6 15.2 15.5 13.7

10.6 11.3 9.5 9.7 10.0 9.4 11.8 13.8 9.6 11.8 12.9 9.9 11.9 12.2 11.3 11.0 11.6 10.1 12.8 12.8 12.7 11.5 12.1 10.5 12.7 13.2 10.3

14.8 16.8 12.0 13.7 15.6 11.1 16.3 19.1 12.9 16.6 18.3 13.8 14.5 16.5 11.4 15.1 16.8 12.1 13.7 15.9 10.6 15.0 16.7 12.0 17.1 18.0 12.1

45.9 35.8 59.8 40.2 26.8 59.1 50.1 42.1 59.4 59.3 57.0 63.0 62.4 59.6 66.8 58.5 55.6 63.3 66.3 62.0 72.3 61.2 61.3 61.1 67.7 68.0 65.8

26.8 33.8 17.1 29.3 39.1 15.5 28.6 33.7 22.6 16.7 17.6 15.2 11.9 15.4 6.2 15.4 19.1 9.3 10.1 13.8 4.8 9.4 12.6 3.9 9.6 11.1 1.9

108 79 129 163 154 168 74 59 84 67 54 83 55 53 58 60 56 68 53 55 50 50 47 55 39 38 50

500 600 900 700 200 200 100 200 600 200 900 400 100 700 300 500 000 100 300 900 000 700 700 900 600 500 100

431 396 513 474 430 557 373 338 460 362 335 416 305 303 311 319 310 343 310 315 299 274 274 275 257 257 264

.8 .8 .7 .8 .8 .7 .8 .9 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .3 .4 .2

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA 1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

3 2 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

1 2 1 1

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA 1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

14

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

503

Section Five: Census Data

Table 11.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Summary of General Housing Characteristics of Housing Units With a White, Not of Hispanic Origin Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place Population Size Class of Urbanized Area Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area Population Size Class of Metropolitan Area United States

Housing units with a White, not of Hispanic origin householder

White, not of Hispanic origin

Percent

Specified renter

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

Total

Total

Percent of all persons

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

248 709 873

188 128 296

75.6

73 633 749

2.21

5.4

69.1

2.0

23.6

25.5

68.8

10.5

187 158 78 79 28 13 14 61 7 3 50

053 258 847 411 794 825 969 656 050 801 804

487 878 406 472 609 022 587 386 858 051 477

133 109 46 63 23 11 12 54 6 3 45

375 975 619 355 399 020 379 752 119 352 280

398 510 577 933 888 682 206 898 686 640 572

71.3 69.5 59.1 79.8 81.3 79.7 82.7 88.8 86.8 88.2 89.1

53 44 19 24 9 4 4 19 2 1 16

651 437 974 462 214 338 875 982 404 332 245

540 315 619 696 225 311 914 209 005 309 895

2.15 2.15 1.99 2.27 2.15 2.13 2.16 2.40 2.19 2.18 2.44

5.4 5.4 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.7

64.4 64.3 55.6 71.4 65.0 61.9 67.7 81.6 73.0 76.9 83.3

1.9 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.4

23.9 23.0 24.4 22.0 27.9 26.5 29.1 22.7 29.9 32.1 20.9

27.9 27.9 33.4 23.4 28.0 28.6 27.4 18.9 26.4 27.1 17.1

65.7 64.7 56.6 71.2 70.6 68.8 72.2 77.4 75.3 79.1 77.5

14.1 15.7 20.3 11.9 6.5 8.3 5.0 1.0 2.9 1.4 .7

86 95 77 109 57 58 55 65 50 36 71

800 100 000 800 200 700 800 100 800 200 600

400 424 393 471 277 291 263 254 235 194 268

1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 .6 .7 .6 .6 .4 .3 .7

94 41 53 34 16 17 23 9 14 35 15 20 64 37 26 17 9 8 15 8 7 18 11 6 11 8 3

016 010 005 239 304 934 787 541 246 989 165 824 242 836 405 955 403 552 470 327 142 879 928 950 937 177 759

294 559 735 045 119 926 767 204 563 482 236 246 584 847 737 916 669 247 005 127 878 599 889 710 064 162 902

60 19 40 19 6 12 15 4 11 25 8 16 49 26 22 13 5 7 11 5 6 14 8 6 9 6 3

537 991 545 120 619 500 815 469 345 601 902 699 437 627 810 340 938 401 544 459 085 821 799 021 731 430 301

603 801 802 102 612 490 595 665 930 906 524 382 907 776 131 475 917 558 438 291 147 260 544 716 734 024 710

64.4 48.7 76.5 55.8 40.6 69.7 66.5 46.8 79.6 71.1 58.7 80.2 77.0 70.4 86.4 74.3 63.2 86.5 74.6 65.6 85.2 78.5 73.8 86.6 81.5 78.6 87.8

24 8 15 7 3 4 6 2 4 10 3 6 19 11 8 5 2 2 4 2 2 5 3 2 3 2 1

680 944 735 803 037 766 395 030 365 481 877 604 757 030 727 390 538 851 634 300 333 870 594 276 862 596 265

136 618 518 290 073 217 313 143 170 533 402 131 179 001 178 389 831 558 179 188 991 252 039 213 359 943 416

2.14 1.90 2.27 2.12 1.84 2.30 2.16 1.85 2.30 2.13 1.97 2.23 2.16 2.06 2.28 2.15 2.00 2.27 2.16 2.03 2.29 2.17 2.09 2.30 2.16 2.10 2.27

5.4 4.8 5.8 5.2 4.3 5.8 5.6 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.4

64.2 52.1 71.1 61.5 44.6 72.3 65.0 52.7 70.7 65.8 57.7 70.5 64.3 58.4 71.8 63.9 56.1 70.9 66.1 59.7 72.3 63.5 58.4 71.5 64.1 59.5 73.3

2.0 2.6 1.6 2.5 3.7 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7

22.9 25.1 21.7 25.1 27.8 23.4 20.7 22.7 19.7 22.7 24.2 21.9 23.2 23.8 22.4 22.4 22.9 22.0 23.5 24.5 22.5 22.7 23.4 21.5 24.6 24.7 24.5

28.5 36.7 23.9 29.5 39.1 23.4 28.3 38.4 23.6 27.9 33.9 24.4 27.2 30.8 22.6 27.8 32.9 23.2 27.1 31.7 22.6 26.9 29.9 22.1 27.0 29.3 22.2

62.9 48.9 70.9 54.8 31.3 69.8 66.7 53.8 72.7 66.6 60.1 70.4 66.9 62.9 71.9 64.9 58.8 70.4 68.9 65.0 72.7 66.5 62.8 72.4 67.6 65.2 72.5

18.8 27.7 13.8 23.7 40.0 13.2 16.6 24.1 13.1 16.6 20.0 14.6 11.7 14.2 8.6 13.7 16.9 10.9 11.6 14.5 8.7 11.3 13.7 7.4 9.8 11.9 5.4

122 97 130 191 203 188 124 84 136 89 83 92 76 68 84 81 68 90 78 70 85 76 70 84 66 64 70

700 800 300 100 600 400 300 600 900 500 200 100 200 800 700 100 900 400 100 300 500 400 900 000 700 700 300

491 457 518 566 520 616 511 459 548 431 404 454 364 349 397 382 356 422 369 355 393 365 355 393 328 325 338

1.2 1.1 1.3 .8 .7 .9 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 .9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0

192 77 114 88 79 8 26 55 20 1 19 9 9 35

725 843 882 439 755 684 442 984 851 520 331 873 458 132

741 533 208 928 134 794 280 132 951 259 692 345 347 181

140 45 94 70 63 7 23 47 16 1 15 7 7 30

496 957 538 615 480 134 923 632 871 238 633 910 722 760

200 707 493 050 467 583 443 096 318 190 128 296 832 778

72.9 59.0 82.3 79.8 79.6 82.2 90.5 85.1 80.9 81.4 80.9 80.1 81.7 87.6

55 19 35 27 24 2 8 18 6

416 718 698 223 504 718 475 216 734 487 247 140 107 482

863 548 315 089 557 532 226 886 755 340 415 028 387 131

2.20 1.99 2.32 2.27 2.27 2.26 2.49 2.25 2.10 2.15 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.33

5.5 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.5

67.4 55.5 73.9 71.0 71.3 67.7 83.5 74.2 63.9 63.8 64.0 61.2 66.8 80.3

1.9 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.4

22.5 24.4 21.5 22.2 21.9 25.1 19.2 26.7 28.9 25.3 29.2 27.2 31.3 25.4

26.0 33.6 21.9 23.5 23.4 24.3 16.6 23.8 29.3 26.1 29.5 29.6 29.4 20.6

67.2 56.6 73.0 71.2 71.2 70.9 79.0 73.9 70.1 65.2 70.5 68.3 72.7 76.1

13.0 20.3 9.0 11.4 11.9 6.4 1.1 3.0 6.7 8.8 6.5 8.3 4.7 .9

91 76 99 105 110 74 84 51 52 76 50 53 48 51

900 200 200 400 300 300 100 600 200 900 900 400 500 100

414 392 440 457 472 336 311 246 263 349 259 275 237 218

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 .7 .8 .6 .7 1.1 .6 .7 .5 .5

124 48 76 52 22 30 31 10 21 40 15 24 67 29 38 24 10 14 21 8 12 19 9 10 2 1

775 263 511 837 256 580 701 347 354 236 660 576 950 579 370 905 438 467 528 783 744 403 054 348 112 303 809

608 927 681 069 704 365 991 206 785 548 017 531 133 606 527 921 257 664 297 875 422 087 420 667 828 054 774

86 25 61 32 9 22 22 5 17 31 10 21 53 20 33 18 6 12 16 6 10 16 7 9 1 1

629 186 443 330 809 521 373 237 135 925 140 785 866 771 095 869 584 285 985 084 901 159 012 147 851 090 761

788 606 182 913 198 715 259 387 872 616 021 595 412 101 311 756 313 443 792 575 217 512 007 505 352 206 146

69.4 52.2 80.3 61.2 44.1 73.6 70.6 50.6 80.2 79.3 64.8 88.6 79.3 70.2 86.3 75.8 63.1 84.9 78.9 69.3 85.5 83.3 77.4 88.4 87.6 83.7 94.0

34 11 23 12 4 8 8 2 6 12 4 8 21 8 12 7 2 4 6 2 4 6 2 3

380 093 287 941 396 545 847 355 492 590 341 249 036 625 411 456 806 650 615 522 093 250 857 393 712 438 273

434 261 173 717 322 395 994 334 660 723 605 118 429 287 142 900 395 505 723 528 195 874 399 475 932 965 967

2.19 1.93 2.32 2.17 1.89 2.31 2.21 1.87 2.33 2.21 2.00 2.31 2.22 2.05 2.33 2.21 2.00 2.33 2.22 2.06 2.32 2.23 2.08 2.35 2.23 2.10 2.43

5.5 4.9 5.8 5.4 4.6 5.8 5.6 4.9 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.6

66.5 53.0 73.0 64.9 49.4 72.8 67.3 52.8 72.6 67.7 56.7 73.4 68.7 58.7 75.7 68.2 58.0 74.5 69.6 59.5 75.9 68.6 58.6 77.1 66.9 60.1 77.8

1.9 2.4 1.7 2.3 3.3 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.8

22.3 24.7 21.2 24.1 27.0 22.6 20.0 23.0 19.0 22.2 23.3 21.6 22.9 24.0 22.1 22.1 23.7 21.2 24.0 25.0 23.3 22.7 23.5 22.1 22.6 24.2 20.1

26.6 35.5 22.4 27.7 37.2 22.9 26.3 37.5 22.2 25.8 32.9 22.0 25.0 31.0 20.8 25.6 32.6 21.3 24.5 30.5 20.8 24.8 30.0 20.4 25.6 29.6 19.1

65.7 50.7 72.8 61.7 40.7 72.5 67.0 53.0 72.0 68.9 59.6 73.8 69.6 64.1 73.4 68.8 62.3 72.8 70.6 65.3 73.8 69.6 64.7 73.8 68.6 65.0 74.4

15.6 25.2 11.0 18.6 32.7 11.4 16.0 25.4 12.6 12.1 17.4 9.2 8.8 14.1 5.2 10.5 16.5 6.8 8.1 13.2 4.9 7.8 12.9 3.4 7.8 11.1 2.3

115 94 121 179 179 179 102 86 107 84 76 87 70 65 73 76 70 80 70 65 73 63 61 65 59 57 62

700 100 700 200 800 100 800 600 300 400 000 700 200 200 500 900 500 300 300 200 100 500 400 200 300 300 400

469 442 492 566 525 598 460 419 483 396 382 407 340 337 345 361 354 370 346 343 349 315 321 303 298 300 291

1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 .9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 .9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 .8 .9 1.0 .4

Total

Median persons in unit

Median rooms

1 unit, In builddeings tached with 10 or at- or more tached units

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

80 300

381

1.0

URBAN AND RURAL AND SIZE OF PLACE Urban Inside urbanized area Central place Urban fringe Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural Place of 1,000 to 2,499 Place of less than 1,000 Other rural

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF URBANIZED AREA 1,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 5,000,000 or more Central place Urban fringe 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 Central place Urban fringe 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 1,000,000 Central place Urban fringe 500,000 to 999,999 Central place Urban fringe 250,000 to 499,999 Central place Urban fringe 100,000 to 249,999 Central place Urban fringe Less than 100,000 Central place Urban fringe

INSIDE AND OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREA Inside metropolitan area In central city Not in central city Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Rural Outside metropolitan area Urban Inside urbanized area Outside urbanized area Place of 10,000 or more Place of 2,500 to 9,999 Rural

6 3 3 11

POPULATION SIZE CLASS OF METROPOLITAN AREA 1,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 5,000,000 or more In central city Not in central city 2,500,000 to 4,999,999 In central city Not in central city 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 1,000,000 In central city Not in central city 500,000 to 999,999 In central city Not in central city 250,000 to 499,999 In central city Not in central city 100,000 to 249,999 In central city Not in central city Less than 100,000 In central city Not in central city

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

504

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

15

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 12.

Section Five: Census Data

Occupancy, Structural Characteristics, and Age of Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place All housing units

Rural

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area

United States

Total

Total

Central place

Urban fringe

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

102 263 678

76 212 052

64 201 132

33 030 250

31 170 882

12 010 920

5 644 570

6 366 350

26 051 626

3 097 406

1 740 468

21 213 752

248 709 873 242 012 129 2.63 162 303 028 2.75 79 709 101 2.42

187 053 487 181 566 153 2.59 113 221 832 2.74 68 344 321 2.38

158 258 878 154 151 248 2.60 95 499 999 2.76 58 651 249 2.38

78 847 406 76 257 971 2.53 39 777 078 2.69 36 480 893 2.38

79 411 472 77 893 277 2.68 55 722 921 2.81 22 170 356 2.39

28 794 609 27 414 905 2.54 17 721 833 2.62 9 693 072 2.40

13 825 022 13 041 963 2.52 8 007 767 2.62 5 034 196 2.38

14 969 587 14 372 942 2.56 9 714 066 2.62 4 658 876 2.42

61 656 386 60 445 976 2.76 49 081 196 2.78 11 364 780 2.67

7 050 858 6 868 558 2.57 5 027 233 2.62 1 841 325 2.43

3 801 051 3 747 973 2.56 2 866 865 2.58 881 108 2.49

50 804 477 49 829 445 2.81 41 187 098 2.82 8 642 347 2.75

91 947 410 59 024 811 64.2 52 432 648 4 327 265 318 001 1 050 182 896 715 2 545 584 50 860 725 32 922 599 24 447 457 5 648 896 273 371 963 553 1 589 322

70 045 167 41 375 627 59.1 35 924 502 3 508 536 149 128 994 175 799 286 2 246 472 34 548 244 28 669 540 20 688 596 5 328 204 200 771 940 691 1 511 278

59 251 993 34 617 648 58.4 29 773 538 3 124 200 102 837 934 822 682 251 1 960 595 28 560 872 24 634 345 17 339 316 4 871 981 150 008 888 614 1 384 426

30 147 116 14 793 984 49.1 11 741 509 2 184 832 52 925 405 674 409 044 1 085 656 11 103 806 15 353 132 9 858 563 3 786 115 102 583 589 897 1 015 974

29 104 877 19 823 664 68.1 18 032 029 939 368 49 912 529 148 273 207 874 939 17 457 066 9 281 213 7 480 753 1 085 866 47 425 298 717 368 452

10 793 174 6 757 979 62.6 6 150 964 384 336 46 291 59 353 117 035 285 877 5 987 372 4 035 195 3 349 280 456 223 50 763 52 077 126 852

5 169 559 3 057 179 59.1 2 764 077 183 697 17 914 30 326 61 165 143 219 2 684 453 2 112 380 1 722 513 257 928 24 197 32 629 75 113

5 623 615 3 700 800 65.8 3 386 887 200 639 28 377 29 027 55 870 142 658 3 302 919 1 922 815 1 626 767 198 295 26 566 19 448 51 739

21 902 243 17 649 184 80.6 16 508 146 818 729 168 873 56 007 97 429 299 112 16 312 481 4 253 059 3 758 861 320 692 72 600 22 862 78 044

2 676 603 1 917 463 71.6 1 787 351 82 978 17 062 11 291 18 781 51 680 1 755 329 759 140 664 887 60 190 14 005 6 278 13 780

1 464 016 1 110 269 75.8 1 033 619 44 403 24 157 2 452 5 638 15 724 1 023 962 353 747 312 749 22 630 13 160 1 756 3 452

17 761 624 14 621 452 82.3 13 687 176 691 348 127 654 42 264 73 010 231 708 13 533 190 3 140 172 2 781 225 237 872 45 435 14 828 60 812

3 456 134 22 773 024

3 284 460 19 103 296

3 027 706 15 876 443

2 149 513 8 870 813

878 193 7 005 630

256 754 3 226 853

148 036 1 653 858

108 718 1 572 995

171 674 3 669 728

30 959 648 676

8 205 308 347

132 510 2 712 705

276 28 46 19

452 830 661 826

3 452 268 289 200

128 667 252 989

1 913 25 753 37

552 749 919 593

POPULATION All persons Persons in occupied housing units Per occupied housing unit Owner-occupied housing units Per owner-occupied housing unit Renter-occupied housing units Per renter-occupied housing unit

TENURE BY RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER Occupied housing units Owner-occupied housing units Percent of occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Other race Hispanic origin (of any race) White, not of Hispanic origin Renter-occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Other race Hispanic origin (of any race) White, not of Hispanic origin

VACANCY STATUS Vacant housing units For sale only For rent Rented or sold, not occupied For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use For migrant workers Other vacant Boarded up

10 316 268 1 260 233 3 046 638 807 631 3 081 34 2 084 207

923 944 899 626

6 166 916 2 623 555

885 676 596 594

4 949 752 2 232 456

139 695 655 455

2 883 367 1 441 273

134 678 752 406

2 066 385 790 183

005 017 903 049

1 217 163 390 99

746 981 941 139

475 72 196 43

011 522 426 227

742 91 194 55

735 459 515 912

4 149 343 423 252

383 557 042 037

420 46 87 31

803 060 129 222

909 7 1 154 160

091 015 913 758

612 4 890 143

225 152 957 029

202 2 596 119

096 192 010 624

410 1 294 23

129 960 947 405

296 2 263 17

866 863 956 729

50 1 111 8

758 000 078 608

246 1 152 9

108 863 878 121

2 172 27 929 46

832 929 986 868

162 1 93 5

182 200 010 042

97 098 980 83 057 4 233

12 010 920 7 761 455 436 078 740 295 684 094 571 007 433 221 256 901 170 551 819 577 137 741 6 757 979 5 823 460 172 620 107 585 36 453 41 985 527 767 48 109 4 035 195 1 330 722 205 780 543 853 559 448 471 902 356 657 202 541 127 757 174 185 62 350 10 793 174

UNITS IN STRUCTURE All housing units 1, detached 1, attached 2 3 or 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more Mobile home or trailer Other Owner-occupied housing units 1, detached 1, attached 2 3 or 4 5 or more Mobile home or trailer Other Renter-occupied housing units 1, detached 1, attached 2 3 or 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more Mobile home or trailer Other Occupied housing units

102 60 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 7 1 59 47 2 1

263 383 378 948 928 935 905 868 394 399 121 024 535 979 173 515 516 896 406 922 030 862 264 846 949 934 029 288 237 478 947

678 409 243 118 289 841 888 056 825 855 154 811 989 548 856 553 246 741 878 599 262 737 856 455 553 394 921 738 256 427 410

76 41 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2

212 163 986 522 584 657 710 777 345 663 800 375 403 796 090 487 480 831 286 669 680 747 985 593 752 799 976 268 460 404 045

052 092 653 135 771 423 080 737 913 747 501 627 161 103 979 843 107 287 147 540 169 946 535 386 218 388 447 933 981 537 167

64 33 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 1

201 401 550 781 900 086 276 520 175 844 662 617 579 623 983 451 438 303 238 634 349 542 441 033 280 442 773 141 286 342 251

132 637 575 840 677 416 859 836 362 170 760 648 701 483 394 390 122 520 038 345 447 166 682 938 316 731 906 176 796 187 993

33 14 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

030 472 402 567 541 450 418 228 964 593 390 793 293 311 662 268 725 408 122 353 422 875 645 979 006 987 824 292 100 217 147

250 312 962 052 063 269 830 479 986 984 313 984 694 993 272 755 886 681 703 132 432 140 349 754 938 746 827 266 909 771 116

31 18 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

170 929 147 214 359 636 858 292 210 250 272 823 286 311 321 182 712 894 115 281 927 667 796 054 273 454 949 848 185 124 104

882 325 613 788 614 147 029 357 376 186 447 664 007 490 122 635 236 839 335 213 015 026 333 184 378 985 079 910 887 416 877

59 024 862 9 000 13 502 10 773 9 864 9 071 5 949 32 922 4 187 10 849 6 890 3 529 2 515 2 444 2 506

811 169 394 988 931 090 906 333 599 189 257 085 283 323 676 786

41 375 527 6 249 9 448 7 472 6 950 6 480 4 245 28 669 3 705 9 460 5 954 3 049 2 180 2 133 2 186

627 856 324 913 536 259 924 815 540 033 220 656 172 651 672 136

34 617 422 5 298 8 069 6 390 5 840 5 281 3 314 24 634 3 078 8 229 5 188 2 659 1 884 1 797 1 795

648 942 037 880 191 221 405 972 345 118 960 849 302 539 845 732

14 793 202 2 170 3 244 2 562 2 520 2 429 1 664 15 353 2 005 4 956 3 183 1 677 1 241 1 162 1 125

984 579 060 889 256 945 118 137 132 724 145 814 877 157 948 467

19 823 220 3 127 4 824 3 827 3 319 2 852 1 650 9 281 1 072 3 273 2 005 981 643 634 670

664 363 977 991 935 276 287 835 213 394 815 035 425 382 897 265

1 4 32 8 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 91

41 33 2 1 1 1 28 5 1 2 3 3 3 2 3

70

34 27 2 1 1 24 4 1 2 3 3 3 2 3

59

14 11 1

15 2 1 1 2 1 1 2

30

19 16 1

9 1 1 1 1

29

5 644 570 3 554 496 204 566 384 650 358 416 304 145 244 617 145 358 101 894 286 885 59 543 3 057 179 2 683 555 77 473 55 182 18 385 19 027 183 466 20 091 2 112 380 648 012 104 438 286 328 297 998 258 285 208 735 124 070 87 162 67 484 29 868 5 169 559

6 366 350 4 206 959 231 512 355 645 325 678 266 862 188 604 111 543 68 657 532 692 78 198 3 700 800 3 139 905 95 147 52 403 18 068 22 958 344 301 28 018 1 922 815 682 710 101 342 257 525 261 450 213 617 147 922 78 471 40 595 106 701 32 482 5 623 615

26 051 626 19 220 317 391 590 425 983 343 518 278 418 195 808 90 319 48 912 4 736 108 320 653 17 649 184 14 132 828 183 445 82 877 27 710 36 139 3 065 454 120 731 4 253 059 2 350 093 114 791 279 321 253 069 197 335 135 006 53 474 19 805 776 275 73 890 21 902 243

3 097 406 2 190 637 75 259 135 615 120 134 91 943 61 643 31 958 15 203 337 673 37 341 1 917 463 1 622 062 31 569 21 484 6 939 6 775 214 646 13 988 759 140 316 532 27 295 92 877 94 339 72 111 47 535 21 752 5 116 67 341 14 242 2 676 603

1 740 468 1 315 230 24 667 45 123 47 319 32 079 20 588 8 445 3 825 221 437 21 755 1 110 269 941 612 10 554 6 945 2 167 2 046 137 920 9 025 353 747 190 786 7 419 30 314 34 455 22 392 14 140 4 718 914 41 822 6 787 1 464 016

21 213 752 15 714 450 291 664 245 245 176 065 154 396 113 577 49 916 29 884 4 176 998 261 557 14 621 452 11 569 154 141 322 54 448 18 604 27 318 2 712 888 97 718 3 140 172 1 842 775 80 077 156 130 124 275 102 832 73 331 27 004 13 775 667 112 52 861 17 761 624

3 057 46 431 637 492 503 535 409 2 112 374 652 393 197 147 162 185

3 700 58 519 741 589 606 663 521 1 922 252 577 372 192 148 173 205

17 649 334 2 751 4 054 3 301 2 913 2 590 1 703 4 253 482 1 389 935 480 334 311 320

1 917 31 267 380 307 313 339 277 759 89 224 148 77 60 71 88

1 110 20 155 203 169 177 200 182 353 40 104 68 36 28 32 43

14 621 282 2 327 3 470 2 824 2 422 2 050 1 242 3 140 351 1 060 718 366 245 207 189

AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER Owner-occupied housing units Under 25 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Renter-occupied housing units Under 25 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

16

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

6 757 104 951 1 379 1 082 1 110 1 199 930 4 035 626 1 230 765 389 296 335 390

979 914 287 033 345 038 519 843 195 915 260 807 870 112 827 404

179 189 755 450 404 736 956 689 380 071 475 316 391 430 619 078

800 725 532 583 941 302 563 154 815 844 785 491 479 682 208 326

184 313 070 075 395 831 982 518 059 156 037 429 111 672 004 650

463 473 658 248 339 554 541 650 140 787 125 098 182 430 419 099

269 662 878 490 396 469 450 924 747 376 256 440 597 866 187 025

452 178 534 337 660 808 991 944 172 993 656 891 332 376 398 526

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

505

Section Five: Census Data

Table 13.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Utilization Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place

Rural

Inside urbanized area

United States

Total

Total

Central place

132 544 837 160 180 242 183 220 849 917 5.1 648 147 395 371 888 780 857 099 244 867 6.1 345 587 999 453 798 588 340 156 789 635 3.9

33 1 2 4 6 6 5 2 1 1

Outside urbanized area

Urban fringe

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

ROOMS All housing units 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms 5 rooms 6 rooms 7 rooms 8 rooms 9 or more rooms Median Owner-occupied housing units 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms 5 rooms 6 rooms 7 rooms 8 rooms 9 or more rooms Median Renter-occupied housing units 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms 5 rooms 6 rooms 7 rooms 8 rooms 9 or more rooms Median

102 1 4 10 19 22 18 11 7 6

263 941 219 695 149 136 990 592 059 479

59 024 138 553 1 951 6 712 13 455 14 450 9 783 6 199 5 779 32 1 3 7 9 6 3 1

922 450 049 116 558 390 211 218 537 389

678 253 329 285 396 448 381 274 472 840 5.2 811 128 871 092 441 461 417 837 624 940 6.0 599 705 832 936 092 435 247 088 441 823 4.0

76 1 3 9 14 15 13 8 5 4

212 678 631 074 311 775 630 306 124 679

41 375 85 396 1 397 4 237 9 055 10 297 7 084 4 575 4 245 28 1 2 6 8 5 2

669 390 848 568 326 385 589 912 379 268

052 241 879 066 821 046 140 875 173 811 5.1 627 145 694 713 704 881 148 205 988 149 6.0 540 136 651 508 731 990 178 916 067 363 3.9

64 1 3 7 11 12 11 7 4 4

201 532 205 881 847 906 347 027 412 040

34 617 74 347 1 211 3 396 7 301 8 599 6 033 3 965 3 687 24 1 2 5 7 4 2

634 288 540 749 056 553 162 751 311 219

030 149 167 958 623 678 477 911 593 471

14 793 47 192 613 1 599 3 411 3 880 2 384 1 372 1 291 15 353 973 1 748 3 744 4 233 2 689 1 278 409 160 115

250 105 514 524 065 128 189 535 800 390 4.7 984 303 816 312 551 541 919 539 825 178 5.9 132 319 314 604 843 299 939 362 366 086 3.8

31 170 383 1 038 2 922 5 224 6 228 5 869 4 115 2 819 2 569

678 652 450 576 752 709 630 413

385 73 161 149 790 328 311 150

19 823 26 154 598 1 797 3 890 4 718 3 648 2 592 2 396 9 281 315 792 2 004 2 822 1 864 883 341 151 104

882 439 323 636 115 114 994 685 049 527 5.5 664 844 579 059 337 239 938 560 419 689 6.2 213 268 685 849 955 289 401 794 423 549 4.0

12 010 145 426 1 192 2 464 2 868 2 282 1 279 711 638

920 697 042 906 641 804 957 655 324 894 5.1 979 998 299 342 816 101 291 106 744 282 5.8 195 549 652 055 933 402 838 760 278 728 4.1

5 644 76 220 592 1 159 1 317 1 054 591 331 300

017 862 510 645 903 613 490 800

163 24 54 84 390 135 141 113

981 606 732 643 941 581 787 573

72 11 25 35 196 70 71 54

979 878 068 201 732 065 306 729 2.29 4 035 195 1 442 369 1 051 329 660 785 498 053 230 866 90 612 61 181 2.05

6 757 10 49 186 840 1 754 1 697 1 051 610 557 4 035 101 307 819 1 269 832 426 161 67 48

570 937 842 000 267 907 448 469 450 250 5.1 179 105 569 891 495 112 217 172 447 171 5.9 380 398 057 669 174 844 818 932 776 712 4.1

6 366 68 205 600 1 305 1 550 1 228 688 379 338

522 212 726 584 426 786 482 158

91 13 29 49 194 64 70 59

3 057 655 1 107 511 477 201 65 37

179 954 211 275 579 495 814 851 2.29 2 112 380 758 577 561 036 344 438 253 794 117 119 46 218 31 198 2.03

3 700 800 1 339 609 568 247 84 49

800 924 857 926 153 570 492 878 2.28 1 922 815 683 792 490 293 316 347 244 259 113 747 44 394 29 983 2.07

17 2 6 3 3 1

649 958 239 290 131 341 443 243

17 11 3 1

649 860 391 930 344 121

3 057 4 20 78 356 780 778 487 286 265 2 112 59 172 433 663 430 216 79 32 23

3 700 6 28 107 484 973 919 563 324 292 1 922 42 135 385 606 401 210 81 34 25

350 760 200 906 374 897 509 186 874 644 5.1 800 893 730 451 321 989 074 934 297 111 5.8 815 151 595 386 759 558 020 828 502 016 4.2

26 051 263 587 1 621 4 837 6 361 5 360 3 285 1 935 1 800

626 012 450 219 575 402 241 399 299 029 5.4 184 983 177 379 737 580 269 632 636 791 5.8 059 569 181 428 361 445 069 172 374 460 4.6

3 097 26 80 255 619 767 616 357 199 175

459 394 006 059 515 795 305 415

343 44 102 196 423 110 153 159

557 207 975 375 042 013 138 891

46 5 12 27 87 24 30 32

184 990 252 225 769 557 577 814 2.44 4 253 059 1 171 841 1 126 301 767 400 655 198 323 425 125 874 83 020 2.35

17 649 52 157 553 2 474 4 399 4 153 2 699 1 623 1 534 4 253 60 201 548 1 231 1 004 622 305 158 121

406 129 591 156 002 609 192 671 753 303 5.2 463 816 178 756 722 875 154 997 472 493 5.7 140 360 934 600 757 204 813 300 289 883 4.2

1 740 15 40 128 349 445 352 203 110 92

060 901 718 441 129 332 159 638

28 2 6 19 46 10 15 21

1 917 419 688 315 294 130 43 24

463 196 685 790 981 664 686 461 2.28 759 140 270 377 191 581 125 117 97 137 46 002 17 641 11 285 2.07

1 110 266 392 172 161 75 26 14

184 341 971 883 471 518 .46 059 973 323 469 005 289 .56 243

1 917 463 1 362 620 326 015 183 282 33 440 12 106 .44 759 140 450 624 148 578 115 779 29 844 14 315 .55 2 676 603

1 110 785 183 111 21 8

1 917 3 14 54 267 504 467 290 166 147 759 12 46 145 237 161 87 37 17 12

1 110 3 9 35 171 298 264 162 89 75 353 4 17 58 103 80 47 23 11 7

468 787 751 324 990 880 470 759 800 707 5.3 269 335 586 155 358 571 661 219 809 575 5.6 747 346 461 924 244 055 562 017 200 938 4.4

21 213 221 466 1 237 3 868 5 147 4 391 2 723 1 624 1 532

830 701 422 707 661 435 214 012

268 35 83 149 289 75 107 106

14 621 45 133 463 2 035 3 596 3 421 2 246 1 367 1 311 3 140 43 136 343 890 763 486 244 129 100

752 096 108 739 583 913 579 969 746 019 5.4 452 832 413 468 657 134 454 416 355 723 5.8 172 863 786 904 360 186 694 855 885 639 4.7

DURATION OF VACANCY Vacant-for-sale-only housing units Less than 2 months 2 up to 6 months 6 or more months Vacant-for-rent housing units Less than 2 months 2 up to 6 months 6 or more months

1 260 202 456 601 3 046 1 085 1 173 787

233 327 667 239 638 916 045 677

916 158 353 404 2 623 975 1 019 627

676 120 692 864 596 903 907 786

752 133 298 320 2 232 840 878 514

695 514 960 221 655 322 120 213

367 59 137 170 1 441 511 566 363

667 605 835 227 252 246 765 241

PERSONS IN UNIT Owner-occupied housing units 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 persons 6 persons 7 or more persons Median Renter-occupied housing units 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 persons 6 persons 7 or more persons Median

59 11 20 10 10 4 1 32 11 8 5 3 1

024 005 459 758 015 333 507 944

811 717 188 497 908 756 407 338 2.40 922 599 574 703 994 405 211 772 844 186 855 182 793 113 649 238 2.04

41 8 14 7 6 2 1

627 727 936 272 139 199 830 524 2.39 669 540 402 862 868 104 444 372 188 988 531 757 667 239 566 218 2.00

34 6 11 6 5 2

41 29 7 3

375 696 093 441 759 384

28 15 5 4 1 1

669 905 318 784 345 315

28 10 7 4 3 1

375 046 219 468 884 992 063 700

648 849 868 071 407 134 524 795 2.41 634 345 960 493 816 775 783 587 690 935 300 891 576 627 505 037 1.99

14 3 5 2 2 1

34 24 5 2

617 818 973 843 644 336

24 13 4 4 1 1

634 568 525 138 185 215

24 8 6 3 2 1

617 589 772 347 838 543 913 612

984 404 928 507 229 914 521 481 2.32 353 132 808 954 086 100 286 670 616 374 818 851 383 251 352 932 1.96

19 3 6 3 3 1

14 10 2 1

793 509 425 330 340 187

19 14 3 1

823 308 548 512 304 148

15 8 2 2

353 250 709 725 809 858

9 5 1 1

281 317 816 413 375 357

15 5 4 2 1

793 257 038 568 208 005 400 314

9 3 2 1 1

823 332 733 778 630 537 513 298

664 445 940 564 178 220 003 314 2.48 281 213 151 539 730 675 496 917 074 561 482 040 193 376 152 105 2.05

6 1 2 1 1

757 456 447 121 045 449 150 87

269 473 802 145 993 533 572 751 2.23 353 747 122 961 85 374 58 436 47 920 23 936 9 220 5 900 2.13

14 2 5 2 2 1

621 273 157 802 674 135 373 204

452 321 765 290 795 360 319 602 2.48 3 140 172 778 503 849 346 583 847 510 141 253 487 99 013 65 835 2.43

14 9 2 1

621 712 882 635 289 101

PERSONS PER ROOM 0.50 or 0.51 to 0.76 to 1.01 to 1.51 or Mean 0.50 or 0.51 to 0.76 to 1.01 to 1.51 or Mean

Owner-occupied housing units less 0.75 1.00 1.50 more

59 41 10 5 1

024 557 485 371 103 506

Renter-occupied housing units less 0.75 1.00 1.50 more

32 18 6 5 1 1

922 283 208 492 532 405

Occupied housing units

91 947

811 203 276 931 951 450 .45 599 341 119 741 981 417 .59 410

70 045

627 862 305 048 480 932 .44 540 368 796 272 976 128 .60 167

59 251

648 807 852 623 959 407 .44 345 354 981 992 061 957 .60 993

30 147

984 894 549 630 004 907 .44 132 634 331 468 665 034 .62 116

29 104

664 913 303 993 955 500 .44 213 720 650 524 396 923 .58 877

6 757 979 4 878 055 1 119 453 597 425 114 521 48 525 .43 4 035 195 2 337 014 792 815 645 280 160 915 99 171 .57 10 793 174

3 057 179 2 228 877 503 002 256 920 48 187 20 193 .43 2 112 380 1 220 316 415 471 340 639 83 259 52 695 .57 5 169 559

3 700 800 2 649 178 616 451 340 505 66 334 28 332 .44 1 922 815 1 116 698 377 344 304 641 77 656 46 476 .56 5 623 615

1 293 342 640 021 .72

1 563 251 769 014 .69

4 926 154 1 932 379 .79

776 709 379 237 .65

458 586 227 594 .62

3 690 859 1 325 548 .84

1 141 294 127 962 61 371

3 957 260 708 2 524 68 535

595 112 69 505 57 156

374 42 41 314 39 72

2 986 105 598 1 704 76 305

4 253 2 377 889 708 187 90 21 902

353 212 68 52 14 6 1 464

269 339 844 839 076 171 .44 747 196 452 946 103 050 .54 016

3 140 1 715 672 539 143 69 17 761

452 382 112 762 955 241 .47 172 153 293 744 058 924 .56 624

HOUSEHOLDER 65 YEARS AND OVER Occupied housing units 1-person households Mean number of persons per room Units in structure: 1, detached or attached 2 or more Mobile home, trailer, or other Specified owner Mean value (dollars) Specified renter Mean contract rent (dollars) With meals included in rent Mean contract rent (dollars) No meals included in rent No cash rent

19 972 701 8 824 845 .80 13 4 1 10

628 786 557 877 94 4 809

399 910 392 683 200 275 344 176 860 895 4 304 135 328 280

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

506

15 046 547 6 892 466 .80

12 189 954 5 483 431 .82

6 381 670 3 089 599 .81

5 808 284 2 393 832 .83

2 856 593 1 409 035 .70

9 671 278 4 526 451 848 818 8 353 285 102 100 4 274 110 356 167 290 898 3 910 175 196 645

7 594 709 3 947 613 647 632 6 602 108 112 800 3 559 667 379 153 080 911 3 262 434 144 153

3 706 493 2 437 092 238 085 3 166 831 94 200 2 268 882 345 83 237 856 2 108 333 77 312

3 888 216 1 510 521 409 547 3 435 277 130 000 1 290 785 441 69 843 976 1 154 101 66 841

2 076 578 201 1 751 61 714

569 838 186 177 500 443 234 14 210 758 647 741 52 492

934 284 74 789 61 342

822 361 159 146 100 465 246 8 179 760 312 366 21 920

747 477 027 031 800 978 222 6 031 755 335 375 30 572

121 459 574 398 200 165 221 9 570 848 393 960 131 635

307 347 055 657 500 721 197 1 542 552 136 980 18 199

916 188 482 096 600 982 161 461 476 59 841 12 680

898 924 037 645 700 462 255 7 567 930 197 139 100 756

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

17

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 14.

Section Five: Census Data

Financial Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Urban

United States Urban and Rural and Size of Place

Rural

Inside urbanized area

United States

Total

Total

Central place

Outside urbanized area

Urban fringe

Total

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Total

Place of 1,000 to 2,499

Place of less than 1,000

Other rural

VALUE Specified owner-occupied housing units Less than $20,000 $20,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $59,999 $60,000 to $69,999 $70,000 to $79,999 $80,000 to $89,999 $90,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $124,999 $125,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $174,999 $175,000 to $199,999 $200,000 to $249,999 $250,000 to $299,999 $300,000 to $399,999 $400,000 to $499,999 $500,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Specified vacant-for-sale-only housing units Less than $20,000 $20,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $59,999 $60,000 to $79,999 $80,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $199,999 $200,000 to $249,999 $250,000 to $299,999 $300,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Owner-occupied mobile homes or trailers Median (dollars) Mean (dollars)

44 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 3

918 937 251 309 903 940 070 633 895 418 808

000 962 761 485 314 018 534 633 172 101 158

34 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 3

134 030 413 227 750 881 056 771 247 912 021

878 104 089 322 026 430 262 422 109 155 118

2 2 1 2 1 1

965 316 700 084 292 206 501 682 78 111

099 164 998 263 638 814 342 544 300 700

2 1 1 1 1 1

422 926 456 795 122 058 442 600 84 119

544 285 148 949 453 113 628 721 200 800

906 82 150 151 125 81 115 75 39 26 55 69 108

113 803 734 755 770 653 455 706 829 475 933 800 300

676 46 105 115 97 63 89 60 32 21 45 73 114

666 251 469 175 554 046 642 112 281 472 664 900 300

4 896 741 18 600 28 100

1 831 287 18 500 27 800

28 520 612 894 1 499 1 992 2 235 2 482 2 327 1 931 1 673 2 695 2 1 1 1 1 1

962 936 450 472 068 243 017 466 385 446 314

11 890 471 658 1 017 1 198 1 183 1 175 981 753 608 889

617 322 260 510 525 144 431 021 572 602 488

206 783 370 704 073 021 430 585 91 129

693 450 258 841 665 983 397 878 700 400

656 503 382 489 315 297 126 181 72 106

261 880 511 021 833 879 641 716 300 000

545 25 70 90 81 53 78 53 29 19 43 81 125

415 133 703 001 292 592 179 683 611 929 292 900 100

256 20 51 52 39 21 27 16 8 5 12 61 96

780 274 606 390 075 999 449 832 790 650 715 800 400

1 303 520 19 200 28 500

408 681 17 000 26 700

16 630 141 236 481 793 1 052 1 306 1 346 1 177 1 064 1 805

345 614 190 962 543 099 586 445 813 844 826

5 613 417 518 727 757 646 574 443 315 238 325

916 168 639 850 958 187 245 956 724 709 804

2 595 169 227 332 349 306 277 216 154 116 155

663 048 938 002 702 325 642 265 692 295 820

3 018 248 290 395 408 339 296 227 161 122 169

253 120 701 848 256 862 603 691 032 414 984

10 783 907 838 1 082 1 153 1 058 1 014 862 648 505 787

122 858 672 163 288 588 272 211 063 946 040

1 534 169 175 218 210 168 139 103 70 51 71

953 184 275 495 277 372 816 251 100 252 526

865 202 144 143 117 80 58 37 21 13 17

1 550 432 1 279 570 987 747 1 215 820 757 832 724 104 303 756 404 162 109 900 146 100

215 142 85 91 48 36 12 14 55 71

851 835 890 108 788 130 231 843 100 300

102 66 39 41 20 12 3 3 56 70

826 063 684 121 688 441 506 605 700 700

113 76 46 49 28 23 8 11 54 71

025 772 206 987 100 689 725 238 100 800

542 389 244 288 170 148 58 81 63 85

555 879 850 314 185 701 714 823 300 800

45 32 19 22 13 11 4 6 49 67

932 323 978 959 595 364 516 738 700 000

131 21 34 25 16 9 11 6 2 1 2 46 69

251 118 766 174 262 454 463 429 670 543 372 500 400

59 8 15 11 7 4 5 2 1

331 935 647 861 726 471 295 932 266 616 582 47 500 66 800

71 12 19 13 8 4 6 3 1

920 183 119 313 536 983 168 497 404 927 1 790 45 600 71 600

229 36 45 36 28 18 25 15 7 5 10 57 90

447 552 265 580 216 607 813 594 548 003 269 300 700

36 8 9 6 3 1 2 1

154 126 853 411 529 894 493 553 745 465 1 085 40 200 68 900

907 719 645 121 470 613 605 279 107 72 276 24 600 39 900

3 065 454 18 700 28 300

214 646 16 100 25 100

137 920 13 600 19 900

2 712 888 19 200 28 900

342 46 52 61 50 34 20 11 6 3 2

109 117 814 189 777 581 163 623 263 172 422

2 506 180 201 271 310 261 214 157 119 76 68

803 676 618 614 230 851 235 910 401 734 834

288 4 19 37 42 31 50 36 20 14 30 108 150

635 859 097 611 217 593 730 851 821 279 577 700 500

894 839 20 200 29 300

527 767 16 700 26 200

183 466 14 900 24 900

344 301 17 700 26 800

863 341 640 795 625 879 228 667 930 808 275

8 382 536 518 719 825 809 816 721 556 440 698

306 333 757 873 386 337 228 293 033 886 239

8 5 2 3 1 1

907 628 988 452 930 692 850 2 228 35 800 44 900

487 351 221 261 154 135 53 72 69 93

716 928 884 903 660 645 348 857 600 500

22 9 6 3 1

170 18 28 27 23 16 22 13 6 4 8 68 102

386 707 767 048 217 100 715 762 696 466 908 500 200

CONTRACT RENT Specified renter-occupied housing units Less than $100 $100 to $149 $150 to $199 $200 to $249 $250 to $299 $300 to $349 $350 to $399 $400 to $449 $450 to $499 $500 to $549 $550 to $599 $600 to $649 $650 to $699 $700 to $749 $750 to $999 $1,000 or more No cash rent Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Specified vacant-for-rent housing units Less than $100 $100 to $199 $200 to $299 $300 to $399 $400 to $499 $500 to $599 $600 to $749 $750 to $999 $1,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars)

31 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 1

966 405 557 961 552 046 213 189 709 212 903

779 990 814 716 687 821 961 292 613 210 134

28 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

374 097 220 522 080 660 916 976 555 115 817

269 458 362 006 613 070 889 458 233 267 939

24 398 772 890 1 061 1 538 2 107 2 474 2 628 2 326 1 967 1 715

534 347 935 392 954 951 048 834 609 114 227

15 220 599 692 825 1 181 1 583 1 762 1 753 1 413 1 115 917

402 797 107 579 288 614 306 835 545 397 147

9 178 172 198 235 357 524 711 874 913 851 798

132 550 828 813 666 337 742 999 064 717 080

3 975 325 329 460 541 552 442 347 228 148 102

735 111 427 614 659 119 841 624 624 153 712

2 085 143 151 224 278 307 258 208 134 87 56

413 142 854 910 803 537 658 894 396 656 501

1 890 181 177 235 262 244 184 138 94 60 46

322 969 573 704 856 582 183 730 228 497 211

3 592 308 337 439 472 386 297 212 154 96 85

510 532 452 710 074 751 072 834 380 943 195

743 81 83 106 111 90 62 43 28 17 13

598 739 020 907 067 319 674 301 716 037 939

643 550 404 301 703 401 371

414 305 177 209 418 699 565 370 412

642 577 466 356 817 374 304

561 405 387 378 067 621 917 475 513

65 54 38 25 53 20 238

451 683 441 743 193 657 683 267 293

36 29 20 12 25 9 99

080 418 297 979 958 023 307 280 302

29 25 18 12 27 11 139

371 265 144 764 235 634 376 253 283

52 49 33 23 52 28 561

586 338 164 991 930 479 079 244 283

8 7 5 3 8 3 67

632 580 134 863 005 739 926 225 258

1 261 1 088 665 469 1 077 704 47 724 187 206

42 40 27 19 43 24 445

693 670 365 659 848 036 429 260 302

1 437 47 141 320 357 219 128 104 60 56

440 833 136 743 633 899 054 963 997 182 357 412

788 8 32 86 140 148 125 124 70 50

504 994 435 931 358 990 858 157 220 561 483 533

389 24 90 115 70 33 18 13 7 16

437 319 235 430 135 736 337 258 213 774 265 331

195 10 42 62 39 18 8 6 3 4

758 331 709 207 946 326 602 295 144 198 268 314

193 13 47 53 30 15 9 6 4 12

679 988 526 223 189 410 735 963 069 576 261 349

395 35 108 109 55 27 16 14 7 20

961 716 291 238 783 207 743 367 705 911 239 322

86 8 25 24 11 5 2 2 1 5

588 186 278 024 195 208 946 573 692 486 230 323

46 6 17 11 4 1 1

263 21 65 73 40 20 12 11 5 13

226 057 228 355 408 236 748 179 556 459 254 333

1 404 012 1 231 731 942 169 707 321 1 626 608 825 456 1 476 244 372 414

1 351 426 1 182 393 909 005 683 330 1 573 678 796 977 915 165 386 429

1 285 975 1 127 710 870 564 657 587 1 520 485 776 320 676 482 407 450

3 011 116 372 632 623 429 288 256 146 144

2 615 81 263 523 568 402 272 242 138 123

2 225 56 173 407 497 368 253 229 131 106

342 862 097 342 909 832 992 745 135 428 359 421

381 146 806 104 126 625 249 378 430 517 374 436

944 827 571 674 991 889 912 120 217 743 395 455

147 473 785 859 180 763 049 615 457 1 966 192 258

MEALS INCLUDED IN RENT Specified renter-occupied housing units With meals included in rent Mean (dollars) No meals included in rent No cash rent

18

31 966 779 261 001 747 30 229 534 1 476 244

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

28 374 269 243 161 758 27 215 943 915 165

24 398 534 220 902 773 23 501 150 676 482

15 220 402 131 006 698 14 717 831 371 565

9 178 132 89 896 882 8 783 319 304 917

3 975 735 22 259 611 3 714 793 238 683

2 085 413 12 528 622 1 973 578 99 307

1 890 322 9 731 597 1 741 215 139 376

3 592 510 17 840 596 3 013 591 561 079

743 598 2 990 432 672 682 67 926

342 109 1 058 331 293 327 47 724

2 506 803 13 792 651 2 047 582 445 429

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

507

Section Five: Census Data

Table 15.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Occupancy, Structural Characteristics, and Age of Householder: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

Outside urbanized area

United States

Total

In central city

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

Inside urbanized area

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

102 263 678

77 644 313

32 641 254

45 003 059

31 243 819

3 517 220

10 242 020

24 619 365

662 407

4 084 848

4 096 276

15 775 834

248 709 873 242 012 129 2.63 162 303 028 2.75 79 709 101 2.42

192 725 741 187 811 251 2.64 122 337 371 2.78 65 473 880 2.41

77 843 533 75 285 754 2.53 39 185 972 2.69 36 099 782 2.37

114 882 208 112 525 497 2.71 83 151 399 2.82 29 374 098 2.44

79 755 134 78 238 718 2.68 55 909 860 2.81 22 328 858 2.39

8 684 794 8 377 576 2.67 5 622 507 2.74 2 755 069 2.53

26 442 280 25 909 203 2.84 21 619 032 2.87 4 290 171 2.69

55 984 132 54 200 878 2.62 39 965 657 2.67 14 235 221 2.50

1 520 259 1 440 821 2.50 901 138 2.59 539 683 2.37

9 873 345 9 260 687 2.48 5 644 424 2.58 3 616 263 2.34

9 458 347 9 042 315 2.49 6 017 655 2.56 3 024 660 2.37

35 132 181 34 457 055 2.70 27 402 440 2.72 7 054 615 2.66

Occupied housing units Owner-occupied housing units Percent of occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Other race

91 947 410 59 024 811 64.2 52 432 648 4 327 265 318 001 1 050 182 896 715

71 265 264 44 045 859 61.8 38 700 331 3 432 514 150 530 986 071 776 413

29 793 822 14 588 932 49.0 11 570 173 2 168 204 52 656 397 014 400 885

41 471 442 29 456 927 71.0 27 130 158 1 264 310 97 874 589 057 375 528

29 201 839 19 870 564 68.0 18 061 482 938 482 50 558 537 544 282 498

3 139 108 2 049 137 65.3 1 894 779 80 544 10 329 18 985 44 500

9 130 495 7 537 226 82.6 7 173 897 245 284 36 987 32 528 48 530

20 682 146 14 978 952 72.4 13 732 317 894 751 167 471 64 111 120 302

575 362 347 794 60.4 315 110 26 920 1 085 2 184 2 495

3 735 404 2 187 044 58.5 1 972 846 141 755 13 524 21 715 37 204

3 628 132 2 353 704 64.9 2 129 806 154 098 21 233 16 803 31 764

12 743 248 10 090 410 79.2 9 314 555 571 978 131 629 23 409 48 839

Hispanic origin (of any race) White, not of Hispanic origin Renter-occupied housing units White Black American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Other race Hispanic origin (of any race) White, not of Hispanic origin

2 50 32 24 5

2 37 27 19 5

1 10 15 9 3

1 26 12 9 1

17 9 7 1

100 560 1 840 758 1 089 971 922 493 92 494 9 328 13 161 52 495 99 743 877 774

150 824 7 074 039 1 593 269 1 445 732 83 812 14 015 10 554 39 156 85 442 1 401 187

333 597 13 525 770 5 703 194 4 813 891 625 458 100 359 53 343 110 143 240 573 4 691 116

6 310 227 180 38 1 4 3 7 176

807 892 568 424 329 730 050 035 227 448

90 797 1 920 721 1 548 360 1 261 278 199 799 19 344 25 452 42 487 87 139 1 219 307

87 938 2 075 245 1 274 428 1 064 523 151 615 20 780 11 607 25 903 60 306 1 032 142

148 055 9 218 912 2 652 838 2 307 666 235 715 58 505 12 234 38 718 85 901 2 263 219

045 080 308 581

All housing units

POPULATION All persons Persons in occupied housing units Per occupied housing unit Owner-occupied housing units Per owner-occupied housing unit Renter-occupied housing units Per renter-occupied housing unit

TENURE BY RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN OF HOUSEHOLDER

545 860 922 447 648 273 963 1 589 3 456 22 773

584 725 599 457 896 371 553 322 134 024

211 334 219 633 023 173 910 1 479 3 215 18 081

987 955 405 566 438 012 210 179 561 908

065 943 204 753 757 101 585 1 007 2 130 8 774

612 814 890 209 179 659 537 306 960 734

6 379 937 2 463 568 1 206 13 1 190 161

146 391 014 880 266 71 324 471 1 084 9 307

375 141 515 357 259 353 673 873 601 174

049 317 752 049

2 847 360 1 429 270

243 310 378 344

894 476 331 512 089 48 300 380 899 7 028

991 344 275 132 953 010 958 222 416 213

432 230 003 026

3 531 577 1 034 298

617 087 749 023

2 041 387 793 183

980 656 250 368

378 51 98 27

112 163 996 447

1 111 138 142 87

525 268 503 208

3 937 322 582 239

219 916 886 582

87 9 21 5

193 2 592 119

221 200 752 422

1 013 11 597 41

022 110 626 922

381 1 294 23

656 962 088 538

135 1 63 4

415 288 803 436

495 7 239 13

951 860 735 948

1 875 21 894 46

680 634 521 282

40 335 33 10 708 614

VACANCY STATUS Vacant housing units For sale only For rent Rented or sold, not occupied For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use For migrant workers Other vacant Boarded up

10 316 268 1 260 233 3 046 638 807 631 3 081 34 2 084 207

923 944 899 626

349 50 148 31

444 379 677 844

468 58 133 37

144 909 240 671

3 032 204 279 164

586 548 661 486

34 995 450 83 099 6 382

125 1 111 6

780 097 447 419

1 674 20 689 32

570 054 267 867

UNITS IN STRUCTURE All housing units 1, detached 1, attached 2 3 or 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more Mobile home or trailer Other Owner-occupied housing units 1, detached 1, attached 2 3 or 4 5 or more Mobile home or trailer Other Renter-occupied housing units 1, detached 1, attached 2 3 or 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 or more Mobile home or trailer Other Occupied housing units

102 60 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 7 1 59 47 2 1

263 383 378 948 928 935 905 868 394 399 121 024 535 979 173 515 516 896 406 922 030 862 264 846 949 934 029 288 237 478 947

678 409 243 118 289 841 888 056 825 855 154 811 989 548 856 553 246 741 878 599 262 737 856 455 553 394 921 738 256 427 410

77 43 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3

644 191 923 156 194 335 474 626 244 695 802 045 349 807 054 474 468 597 293 219 487 674 698 264 475 597 850 184 599 387 265

313 173 926 864 597 504 036 189 246 585 193 859 556 336 789 332 925 510 411 405 878 696 345 230 298 302 853 182 525 096 264

32 14 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

641 263 390 552 510 420 389 211 949 565 386 588 128 306 660 265 717 387 121 204 390 869 633 954 983 966 812 281 96 216 793

254 355 451 438 334 809 998 731 885 385 868 932 848 893 190 947 977 466 611 890 142 317 935 981 906 161 108 090 977 273 822

45 28 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3

003 927 533 604 684 914 084 414 294 130 415 456 220 500 394 208 750 210 171 014 097 805 064 309 491 631 038 903 502 170 471

059 818 475 426 263 695 038 458 361 200 325 927 708 443 599 385 948 044 800 515 736 379 410 249 392 141 745 092 548 823 442

31 18 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

243 974 155 214 370 645 866 297 218 226 273 870 333 317 321 183 712 887 115 331 935 668 797 063 282 464 955 857 180 124 201

819 834 653 640 997 366 408 693 575 041 612 564 270 911 032 418 109 334 490 275 515 846 042 988 488 752 358 882 420 984 839

3 517 220 2 236 541 175 806 202 528 183 106 161 742 129 845 76 587 49 931 261 433 39 701 2 049 137 1 716 928 78 328 33 010 11 972 17 390 178 180 13 329 1 089 971 331 245 74 785 145 224 148 054 131 584 105 123 59 027 33 873 43 908 17 148 3 139 108

59 024 862 9 000 13 502 10 773 9 864 9 071 5 949 32 922 4 187 10 849 6 890 3 529 2 515 2 444 2 506

811 169 394 988 931 090 906 333 599 189 257 085 283 323 676 786

44 045 575 6 846 10 411 8 238 7 338 6 538 4 096 27 219 3 374 9 094 5 759 2 942 2 075 1 983 1 988

859 954 605 140 231 708 422 799 405 756 740 912 741 068 618 570

14 588 198 2 129 3 197 2 530 2 492 2 396 1 644 15 204 1 973 4 905 3 156 1 664 1 232 1 154 1 118

932 057 389 000 846 017 809 814 890 133 087 077 573 844 271 905

29 456 377 4 717 7 214 5 707 4 846 4 141 2 451 12 014 1 401 4 189 2 603 1 278 842 829 869

927 897 216 140 385 691 613 985 515 623 653 835 168 224 347 665

19 870 220 3 146 4 842 3 836 3 321 2 851 1 651 9 331 1 078 3 291 2 015 987 646 638 672

564 913 520 616 656 283 312 264 275 971 873 286 496 970 147 532

2 049 31 330 457 346 320 327 235 1 089 148 349 220 109 77 87 96

1 4 32 8 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 91

44 35 2 1 1 2 27 5 1 2 3 3 3 2 3

71

14 11 1

15 2 1 1 1 1 1 2

29

29 24 1

2 12 3 1 1 1 1 1

41

19 16 1

9 1 1 1 1

29

10 242 020 7 716 443 202 016 187 258 130 160 107 587 87 785 40 178 25 855 1 642 726 102 012 7 537 226 6 170 510 104 204 40 557 12 995 21 449 1 144 530 42 981 1 593 269 830 976 61 748 122 144 97 207 77 320 61 266 24 360 11 337 278 220 28 691 9 130 495

24 619 365 17 192 236 454 317 791 254 733 692 600 337 431 852 241 867 150 579 3 704 270 318 961 14 978 952 12 186 433 172 212 119 067 41 221 47 321 2 299 231 113 467 5 703 194 2 542 384 188 041 566 511 582 225 474 255 337 092 179 068 104 556 637 731 91 331 20 682 146

662 379 27 37 39 38 33 19 13 66 5 347 280 9 5 2 8 38 2 227 63 14 27 32 29 23 13 8 11 2 575

407 224 714 241 733 596 932 789 498 822 858 794 338 524 422 914 608 929 059 568 176 721 359 153 733 755 597 160 983 931 362

4 084 848 2 579 007 120 511 283 945 268 188 224 167 175 174 104 750 72 905 212 529 43 672 2 187 044 1 933 179 40 440 39 976 13 120 12 721 132 727 14 881 1 548 360 482 492 65 505 211 188 222 809 190 526 149 849 89 047 61 624 53 311 22 009 3 735 404

4 096 276 2 754 575 117 382 231 800 212 943 167 835 114 913 67 720 41 184 336 807 51 117 2 353 704 2 027 989 43 199 31 416 10 498 11 336 210 387 18 879 1 274 428 481 157 55 166 171 088 171 847 134 804 89 868 47 504 26 361 75 320 21 313 3 628 132

15 775 834 11 479 430 188 710 238 268 212 828 169 739 107 833 49 608 22 992 3 088 112 218 314 10 090 410 7 944 927 79 049 42 253 14 689 14 656 1 917 188 77 648 2 652 838 1 515 559 52 649 156 876 155 416 119 192 73 620 28 920 8 411 497 117 45 078 12 743 248

14 978 286 2 153 3 091 2 535 2 525 2 533 1 852 5 703 812 1 754 1 130 586 440 461 518

347 6 48 71 55 58 64 42 227 46 74 43 20 13 15 14

794 431 805 243 442 454 999 420 568 683 067 210 021 898 015 674

2 187 33 293 442 347 368 396 305 1 548 287 471 280 141 108 120 139

2 353 37 304 443 360 392 447 368 1 274 170 370 240 127 101 118 144

10 090 208 1 507 2 134 1 771 1 705 1 625 1 136 2 652 307 838 566 298 216 206 219

AGE OF HOUSEHOLDER Owner-occupied housing units Under 25 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over Renter-occupied housing units Under 25 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years 75 years and over

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

508

137 844 546 608 040 834 226 039 971 521 803 849 417 745 209 427

7 537 125 1 240 1 913 1 524 1 204 963 565 1 593 174 547 367 181 117 103 100

226 140 150 916 689 574 075 682 269 131 977 700 255 509 991 706

952 215 789 848 700 382 484 534 194 433 517 173 542 255 058 216

044 903 215 337 861 514 094 120 360 658 288 366 157 158 658 075

704 031 110 445 454 916 190 558 428 848 924 401 299 540 672 744

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

410 850 659 823 943 498 201 436 838 244 238 196 065 659 713 723

19

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 16.

Section Five: Census Data

Utilization Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

United States

In central city

Total

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

Inside urbanized area

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

ROOMS All housing units 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms 5 rooms 6 rooms 7 rooms 8 rooms 9 or more rooms Median Owner-occupied housing units 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms 5 rooms 6 rooms 7 rooms 8 rooms 9 or more rooms Median Renter-occupied housing units 1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms 5 rooms 6 rooms 7 rooms 8 rooms 9 or more rooms Median

102 1 4 10 19 22 18 11 7 6

263 941 219 695 149 136 990 592 059 479

59 024 138 553 1 951 6 712 13 455 14 450 9 783 6 199 5 779 32 1 3 7 9 6 3 1

922 450 049 116 558 390 211 218 537 389

678 253 329 285 396 448 381 274 472 840 5.2 811 128 871 092 441 461 417 837 624 940 6.0 599 705 832 936 092 435 247 088 441 823 4.0

77 1 3 8 14 15 14 8 5 5

644 638 504 717 119 998 156 838 544 127

44 045 92 418 1 467 4 507 9 480 10 861 7 590 4 964 4 661 27 1 2 6 7 5 2

219 337 695 153 835 134 499 901 385 275

313 797 157 412 434 139 601 090 577 106 5.2 859 883 924 769 263 456 648 632 907 377 6.1 405 381 521 689 477 806 436 792 552 751 3.9

32 1 2 4 6 6 5 2 1 1

641 140 145 914 536 600 412 867 569 454

14 588 46 189 602 1 573 3 367 3 832 2 347 1 351 1 276 15 204 965 1 731 3 715 4 183 2 663 1 266 404 158 114

254 106 468 070 846 460 127 438 787 952 4.7 932 845 942 083 487 769 703 845 828 430 5.9 890 801 438 439 997 455 713 768 936 343 3.8

45 003 498 1 358 3 803 7 582 9 397 8 744 5 970 3 974 3 672

230 971 621 638 003 927 923 153

577 103 233 240 1 034 407 403 223

29 456 46 228 865 2 933 6 112 7 028 5 242 3 613 3 384 12 014 371 964 2 438 3 651 2 471 1 232 497 226 161

059 691 689 342 588 679 474 652 790 154 5.5 927 038 982 686 776 687 945 787 079 947 6.1 515 580 083 250 480 351 723 024 616 408 4.1

31 243 386 1 044 2 938 5 228 6 234 5 887 4 130 2 826 2 567

819 367 957 441 252 735 050 345 514 158 5.5 564 019 429 338 052 204 001 907 451 163 6.2 275 517 433 920 534 279 175 244 802 371 4.0

3 517 40 119 327 693 829 688 396 225 196

087 833 010 244 749 260 605 884

387 74 163 149 793 330 312 150

656 701 392 563 250 780 282 188

51 8 19 23 98 36 36 26

564 758 798 217 578 532 470 211 2.48 331 275 162 185 742 437 505 957 082 257 487 141 196 254 155 044 2.05

2 049 378 722 362 350 151 51 30

137 855 668 691 904 714 477 828 2.39 1 089 971 349 987 286 836 187 535 147 050 69 660 28 018 20 885 2.18

7 1 2 1 1

226 637 974 482 967 508 496 162 2.57 1 593 269 414 744 438 469 294 896 247 704 119 006 46 634 31 816 2.37

14 2 5 2 2 1

978 976 453 585 379 033 349 199

564 062 304 890 885 423 .44 275 624 157 853 138 503 .58 839

2 049 137 1 428 665 368 784 193 951 38 670 19 067 .45 1 089 971 593 111 222 013 185 240 50 490 39 117 .60 3 139 108

7 537 226 5 080 950 1 508 422 775 988 129 204 42 662 .46 1 593 269 875 934 342 627 267 257 68 553 38 898 .56 9 130 495

14 10 2 1

978 347 659 570 293 108

19 870 27 155 603 1 796 3 896 4 736 3 661 2 599 2 395 9 331 318 800 2 017 2 836 1 872 886 343 151 104

2 049 3 16 61 237 511 518 330 196 173 1 089 28 83 214 348 227 116 42 17 11

220 988 249 105 894 593 160 166 667 398 5.2 137 160 278 274 101 963 532 608 575 646 5.9 971 345 221 725 028 702 494 300 434 722 4.1

10 242 71 194 537 1 660 2 333 2 169 1 444 922 908

163 545 590 028 996 922 072 002

138 20 50 67 142 39 55 47

7 537 15 57 201 900 1 704 1 774 1 250 817 816 1 593 24 80 205 466 371 230 111 57 45

020 336 483 796 442 351 264 141 609 598 5.6 226 859 275 074 623 520 412 272 053 138 6.0 269 718 429 605 918 370 054 480 380 315 4.6

24 619 302 715 1 977 5 029 6 138 4 833 2 754 1 514 1 352

365 456 172 873 962 309 780 184 895 734 5.2 952 245 947 323 178 005 769 205 717 563 5.7 194 324 311 247 615 629 811 296 889 072 4.3

662 10 27 62 147 150 117 68 39 39

268 587 028 653 503 558 251 694

322 40 90 192 582 172 208 201

916 523 036 357 886 729 517 640

9 1 3 3 21 7 8 4

952 974 592 763 904 101 686 932 2.33 5 703 194 1 881 920 1 484 593 962 637 769 138 369 537 143 314 92 055 2.15

347 70 136 57 50 20 7 4

14 978 45 134 483 2 205 3 975 3 588 2 193 1 234 1 118 5 703 113 354 963 1 722 1 255 711 316 151 114

407 285 175 599 273 170 880 621 207 197 5.1 794 533 104 223 621 183 369 373 307 081 5.9 568 536 450 024 303 659 522 789 542 743 4.1

4 084 56 162 436 852 953 751 420 233 218

848 611 397 884 120 428 497 000 471 440 5.1 044 958 996 445 118 358 028 750 556 835 5.9 360 457 743 739 306 363 811 270 436 235 4.1

4 096 44 133 397 858 1 014 780 428 232 206

080 582 513 985 308 608 773 927

50 7 16 26 148 52 53 42

379 428 745 206 677 521 567 589

58 8 17 33 133 42 48 42

794 899 027 407 606 833 540 482 2.26 227 568 76 469 66 415 38 415 27 598 11 647 4 394 2 630 2.06

2 187 489 799 358 329 138 45 25

044 512 646 542 867 854 180 443 2.26 1 548 360 575 227 412 299 247 865 179 063 81 828 31 791 20 287 1.98

2 353 552 863 371 338 147 50 29

704 421 597 386 441 905 348 606 2.22 1 274 428 474 613 319 844 205 136 156 443 72 259 28 065 18 068 2.01

10 1 3 1 1

090 864 654 798 660 725 246 140

347 259 56 26 4 1

794 100 099 795 492 308 .42 568 217 884 239 162 066 .56 362

2 187 044 1 611 957 350 376 179 770 32 770 12 171 .42 1 548 360 913 649 301 986 244 343 56 842 31 540 .56 3 735 404

2 353 704 1 712 121 373 336 211 127 40 870 16 250 .43 1 274 428 759 690 244 283 196 253 48 933 25 269 .55 3 628 132

10 6 1 1

090 764 879 152 214 78

137 108 57 910 .71

960 947 483 224 .69

1 079 164 546 764 .64

347 3 10 45 83 82 55 33 34 227 7 18 41 75 45 24 8 3 2

2 187 2 13 54 265 563 551 343 200 191 1 548 43 126 321 484 312 157 59 24 18

2 353 4 18 67 322 638 581 348 196 176 1 274 26 88 258 400 266 138 55 23 17

276 283 642 320 864 340 254 867 163 543 5.1 704 732 216 023 758 028 558 412 491 486 5.7 428 564 652 334 219 635 630 091 130 173 4.2

15 775 191 391 1 081 3 171 4 020 3 184 1 836 1 010 888

909 018 118 773 240 377 605 258

204 23 52 128 279 70 97 111

10 090 37 99 351 1 571 2 690 2 373 1 445 804 716 2 652 35 120 342 762 630 390 193 100 75

834 277 958 070 705 371 149 696 054 554 5.3 410 022 631 632 681 436 814 670 363 161 5.6 838 767 466 150 787 972 848 146 781 921 4.6

DURATION OF VACANCY Vacant-for-sale-only housing units Less than 2 months 2 up to 6 months 6 or more months Vacant-for-rent housing units Less than 2 months 2 up to 6 months 6 or more months

1 260 202 456 601 3 046 1 085 1 173 787

233 327 667 239 638 916 045 677

937 161 366 408 2 463 913 964 586

317 804 631 882 752 187 528 037

360 57 133 168 1 429 505 560 362

548 495 660 393 661 223 572 866

PERSONS IN UNIT Owner-occupied housing units 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 persons 6 persons 7 or more persons Median Renter-occupied housing units 1 person 2 persons 3 persons 4 persons 5 persons 6 persons 7 or more persons Median

59 11 20 10 10 4 1 32 11 8 5 3 1

024 005 459 758 015 333 507 944

811 717 188 497 908 756 407 338 2.40 922 599 574 703 994 405 211 772 844 186 855 182 793 113 649 238 2.04

44 8 15 8 7 3 1

859 743 596 734 004 655 721 406 2.43 219 405 692 783 509 812 249 135 075 048 485 645 649 799 557 183 2.02

14 3 4 2 2

44 31 7 3

045 209 825 801 810 398

27 14 5 4 1 1

219 981 069 574 300 293

27 9 7 4 3 1

045 028 005 172 636 300 157 744

932 493 156 344 555 901 278 205 2.32 204 890 765 867 042 070 260 747 598 037 809 838 378 893 349 438 1.95

29 4 10 5 5 2

14 10 2 1

588 373 386 309 334 184

15 8 2 2

204 178 678 696 800 849

15 5 4 2 1

588 223 967 533 173 988 393 309

927 250 440 390 449 754 443 201 2.49 014 515 926 916 467 742 988 388 477 011 675 807 270 906 207 745 2.10

19 3 6 3 3 1

29 20 5 2

456 835 439 491 476 213

19 14 3 1

870 326 562 521 308 151

12 6 2 1

014 802 390 877 500 443

9 5 1 1

331 333 826 424 381 365

12 3 3 1 1

456 805 038 639 462 311 764 435

9 3 2 1 1

870 334 738 789 644 545 516 301

537 091 576 487 466 614 196 103

410 142 322 428 990 509 618 401 2.37 2 652 838 755 611 686 035 471 221 406 034 203 803 79 064 51 070 2.33

PERSONS PER ROOM 0.50 or 0.51 to 0.76 to 1.01 to 1.51 or Mean 0.50 or 0.51 to 0.76 to 1.01 to 1.51 or Mean

Owner-occupied housing units less 0.75 1.00 1.50 more

59 41 10 5 1

024 557 485 371 103 506

Renter-occupied housing units less 0.75 1.00 1.50 more

32 18 6 5 1 1

922 283 208 492 532 405

Occupied housing units

91 947

811 203 276 931 951 450 .45 599 341 119 741 981 417 .59 410

71 265

859 613 860 493 891 002 .44 405 232 783 179 919 292 .60 264

29 793

932 936 350 664 132 850 .44 890 563 986 829 738 774 .62 822

41 471

927 677 510 829 759 152 .44 515 669 797 350 181 518 .58 442

29 201

5 703 3 302 1 138 918 232 112 20 682

952 590 416 438 060 448 .45 194 109 336 562 062 125 .55 146

227 130 46 38 8 4 575

2 652 1 498 545 439 118 51 12 743

410 412 605 746 928 719 .46 838 553 183 727 125 250 .55 248

HOUSEHOLDER 65 YEARS AND OVER Occupied housing units 1-person households Mean number of persons per room Units in structure: 1, detached or attached 2 or more Mobile home, trailer, or other Specified owner Mean value (dollars) Specified renter Mean contract rent (dollars) With meals included in rent Mean contract rent (dollars) No meals included in rent No cash rent

20

19 972 701 8 824 845 .80 13 4 1 10

628 786 557 877 94 4 809

399 910 392 683 200 275 344 176 860 895 4 304 135 328 280

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

14 607 409 6 436 294 .83

6 314 799 3 064 396 .81

8 292 610 3 371 898 .84

5 813 255 2 397 622 .83

745 901 344 054 .80

1 733 454 630 222 .90

5 365 292 2 388 551 .71

9 455 288 4 181 072 971 049 7 938 029 108 400 3 906 385 372 161 832 911 3 546 469 198 084

3 667 516 2 420 995 226 288 3 132 428 93 700 2 253 717 344 82 187 856 2 094 699 76 831

5 787 772 1 760 077 744 761 4 805 601 118 000 1 652 668 410 79 645 968 1 451 770 121 253

3 888 690 1 514 142 410 423 3 435 118 130 100 1 296 274 441 69 822 976 1 159 844 66 608

517 153 75 437 79 180

1 381 92 259 933 91 175

4 173 605 586 2 939 55 902

485 369 047 405 700 625 277 4 217 837 163 484 12 924

597 566 291 078 300 769 293 5 606 972 128 442 41 721

111 838 343 654 900 890 209 15 028 720 757 666 130 196

93 28 15 80 94 29

670 330 108 256 500 230 314 1 505 836 25 635 2 090

700 211 49 590 56 255

163 560 224 604 900 848 234 5 936 744 233 409 16 503

807 198 73 679 53 258

553 145 466 758 400 811 200 3 625 687 233 354 21 832

3 188 073 1 300 653 .73 2 571 167 448 1 589 54 359

725 803 545 036 700 001 185 3 962 671 265 268 89 771

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

509

Section Five: Census Data

Table 17.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Financial Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Not in central city

United States Inside and Outside Metropolitan Area

Urban

Urban

United States

Total

In central city

Total

Inside urbanized area

Outside urbanized area Outside urbanized area

Rural

Total

Inside urbanized area

Place of 10,000 or more

Place of 2,500 to 9,999

Rural

VALUE Specified owner-occupied housing units Less than $20,000 $20,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $59,999 $60,000 to $69,999 $70,000 to $79,999 $80,000 to $89,999 $90,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $124,999 $125,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $174,999 $175,000 to $199,999 $200,000 to $249,999 $250,000 to $299,999 $300,000 to $399,999 $400,000 to $499,999 $500,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Specified vacant-for-sale-only housing units Less than $20,000 $20,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $59,999 $60,000 to $79,999 $80,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $199,999 $200,000 to $249,999 $250,000 to $299,999 $300,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Owner-occupied mobile homes or trailers Median (dollars) Mean (dollars)

44 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 3

918 937 251 309 903 940 070 633 895 418 808

000 962 761 485 314 018 534 633 172 101 158

2 2 1 2 1 1

965 316 700 084 292 206 501 682 78 111

099 164 998 263 638 814 342 544 300 700

906 82 150 151 125 81 115 75 39 26 55 69 108

113 803 734 755 770 653 455 706 829 475 933 800 300

4 896 741 18 600 28 100

35 118 845 1 179 1 937 2 553 2 829 3 110 2 908 2 405 2 070 3 331 2 2 1 1 1 1

012 131 496 133 200 676 044 408 826 210 910

11 725 475 662 1 021 1 197 1 176 1 164 968 740 594 862

643 157 122 163 723 215 106 238 475 764 952

680 136 601 977 235 164 486 662 89 125

655 998 440 996 762 584 984 559 100 300

630 485 370 473 308 291 124 179 71 105

566 466 103 173 295 052 186 887 600 200

680 33 87 109 99 67 99 68 36 24 52 82 124

455 947 574 239 762 426 872 328 740 646 921 600 600

251 20 51 52 38 21 25 15 8 5 12 60 94

051 569 668 017 556 340 812 259 013 391 426 600 800

2 597 510 20 300 30 400

387 466 16 600 26 100

23 392 369 517 915 1 355 1 653 1 945 1 940 1 665 1 475 2 468 2 1 1 1

369 974 374 970 477 461 938 170 351 446 958

050 651 231 504 927 873 362 482 99 135

089 532 337 823 467 532 798 672 000 400

429 13 35 57 61 46 74 53 28 19 40 100 142

404 378 906 222 206 086 060 069 727 255 495 600 000

2 210 044 21 100 31 200

16 683 140 233 476 784 1 045 1 302 1 346 1 181 1 071 1 820

355 492 612 193 907 022 239 097 821 315 128

1 681 55 79 129 173 179 178 153 122 101 151

000 989 191 907 341 812 786 647 035 163 005

5 028 173 204 309 397 428 464 440 361 302 497

014 493 571 870 229 627 913 426 495 968 825

1 564 705 1 290 200 996 385 1 228 010 763 584 728 645 305 299 404 701 110 400 146 400

112 79 48 51 27 21 7 8 72 93

291 341 927 003 132 066 430 934 700 800

373 281 186 225 136 123 50 69 82 112

565 855 928 381 231 864 753 025 364 457 707 000 900

146 530 794 866 995 240 328 185 744 976 1 488 76 000 103 700

97 5 11 12 12 9 15 10 5 3 8 90 130

887 334 20 400 29 600

178 180 22 700 32 400

291 4 18 37 42 31 51 38 21 14 30 110 150

40 2 5 6 5 4 6 4 1

9 1 1 1 1 1

799 092 072 372 350 110 960 725 489 347 476

988 831 265 352 114 342 490 225 346 891 248

272 5 9 19 28 30 31 26 19 15 23

555 912 730 181 287 876 570 645 296 118 895

1 853 142 191 272 273 226 197 147 99 71 89

252 423 470 717 379 686 440 077 401 301 580

1 932 210 237 308 293 223 183 130 85 59 75

418 474 321 736 171 895 372 801 098 368 051

5 741 734 633 771 755 628 548 420 285 202 287

763 022 744 718 277 885 108 702 551 104 722

093 991 025 810 751 821 069 037 600 600

284 179 99 106 56 42 14 19 50 62

444 166 558 267 876 230 358 985 100 700

20 13 7 8 4 3 1 1 73 97

260 583 930 661 683 752 334 842 800 300

52 31 18 19 9 6 1 2 51 63

819 371 287 147 653 420 972 109 800 300

42 27 15 16 9 7 2 3 46 58

989 076 013 629 582 612 598 632 900 700

168 107 58 61 32 24 8 12 49 62

376 136 328 830 958 446 454 402 700 300

693 993 184 975 980 982 979 859 619 822 300 700 900

225 48 63 42 26 14 15 7 3 1 3 40 59

658 856 160 516 008 227 583 378 089 829 012 300 300

6 311 233 862 1 235 949 655 1 058 603 321 138 257 77 200 108 000

40 7 12 8 4 2 2 1

895 499 730 610 946 647 511 002 426 247 277 40 400 54 800

47 10 15 9 4 2 2 1

258 582 527 131 966 348 284 105 439 294 582 36 800 53 100

131 30 34 23 15 8 9 4 1 1 1 40 60

194 542 041 540 147 577 730 668 903 150 896 700 500

1 144 530 21 400 32 200

2 299 231 16 900 25 500

38 929 19 000 27 500

132 727 13 600 21 900

210 387 15 000 23 500

1 917 188 17 300 25 900

CONTRACT RENT Specified renter-occupied housing units Less than $100 $100 to $149 $150 to $199 $200 to $249 $250 to $299 $300 to $349 $350 to $399 $400 to $449 $450 to $499 $500 to $549 $550 to $599 $600 to $649 $650 to $699 $700 to $749 $750 to $999 $1,000 or more No cash rent Median (dollars) Mean (dollars) Specified vacant-for-rent housing units Less than $100 $100 to $199 $200 to $299 $300 to $399 $400 to $499 $500 to $599 $600 to $749 $750 to $999 $1,000 or more Median (dollars) Mean (dollars)

31 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 1

966 405 557 961 552 046 213 189 709 212 903

779 990 814 716 687 821 961 292 613 210 134

099 941 946 819 017 064 905 488 315 581 781

15 072 595 685 819 1 175 1 579 1 755 1 742 1 398 1 098 902

174 376 589 337 371 003 028 384 449 588 324

11 676 296 337 428 623 805 977 1 106 1 095 983 907

925 565 357 482 646 061 877 104 866 993 457

9 227 171 199 234 354 520 711 878 920 861 806

959 993 899 526 116 225 828 512 166 178 329

1 072 58 58 78 109 129 126 117 88 64 47

574 504 502 083 606 647 671 122 871 518 583

1 376 66 78 115 159 155 139 110 86 58 53

392 068 956 873 924 189 378 470 829 297 545

5 217 514 534 713 753 662 481 340 215 129 93

680 049 868 897 670 757 056 804 298 629 353

224 11 12 18 24 27 23 22 18 13 10

852 014 832 710 192 219 777 683 123 725 464

1 528 116 123 185 223 235 187 141 84 51 32

919 132 021 201 891 933 485 199 703 907 545

1 253 144 140 186 193 168 112 75 45 25 18

461 667 714 454 887 411 662 231 392 585 902

2 210 242 258 323 311 231 157 101 67 38 31

448 236 301 532 700 194 132 691 080 412 442

1 404 012 1 231 731 942 169 707 321 1 626 608 825 456 1 476 244 372 414

1 349 547 1 184 637 912 064 686 219 1 582 906 805 154 914 715 400 442

631 541 397 295 690 396 368

358 024 580 698 221 312 532 369 411

718 643 514 390 892 408 546

189 613 484 521 685 842 183 444 482

650 582 470 359 826 377 302

193 417 506 811 088 440 732 476 514

32 27 20 13 27 9 62

723 625 631 667 239 237 345 324 354

35 33 23 17 39 22 181

273 571 347 043 358 165 106 306 352

54 47 30 21 43 20 561

465 094 105 102 702 302 529 235 260

6 6 4 3 6 3 12

900 362 139 094 374 211 033 323 361

19 15 9 6 13 5 76

545 562 995 378 434 507 481 265 283

10 9 6 4 10 5 94

815 528 257 749 472 375 360 224 249

17 15 9 6 13 6 378

205 642 714 881 422 209 655 211 238

3 011 116 372 632 623 429 288 256 146 144

2 449 66 208 465 541 394 271 243 138 119

1 424 47 140 321 356 216 125 102 59 54

676 584 884 040 302 592 276 499 818 681 355 410

1 025 18 67 144 185 178 146 141 79 64

211 799 414 012 354 272 092 268 146 854 453 504

790 8 31 85 140 150 127 124 70 50

846 901 817 715 214 927 535 997 728 012 484 534

98 3 12 22 20 13 8 6 3 6

568 333 080 800 733 543 806 912 591 770 350 426

135 6 23 35 24 13 9 9 4 8

797 565 517 497 407 802 751 359 827 072 306 390

561 50 163 167 82 34 17 12 7 24

455 479 799 290 253 968 624 978 171 893 230 299

21 250 705 2 827 4 454 4 006 2 686 1 642 2 013 801 2 116 364 459

148 8 36 49 28 11 4 3 2 3

180 847 260 303 510 490 974 583 005 208 256 298

132 11 39 39 18 7 4 2 1 6

697 797 988 950 564 555 088 488 515 752 227 301

259 29 84 73 31 13 6 4 2 12

328 130 724 583 173 237 920 894 850 817 213 286

5 217 680 26 019 543 4 630 132 561 529

224 852 2 041 718 210 778 12 033

342 862 097 342 909 832 992 745 135 428 359 421

26 749 891 1 022 1 247 1 799 2 384 2 732 2 848 2 494 2 082 1 809

887 383 298 052 656 864 368 767 964 535 388 449

MEALS INCLUDED IN RENT Specified renter-occupied housing units With meals included in rent Mean (dollars) No meals included in rent No cash rent

31 966 779 261 001 747 30 229 534 1 476 244

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

510

26 749 099 234 982 769 25 599 402 914 715

15 072 174 129 522 697 14 574 120 368 532

11 676 925 105 460 858 11 025 282 546 183

9 227 959 90 024 882 8 835 203 302 732

1 072 574 6 406 686 1 003 823 62 345

1 376 392 9 030 745 1 186 256 181 106

1 528 919 9 079 608 1 443 359 76 481

1 253 461 6 101 535 1 153 000 94 360

2 210 448 8 798 442 1 822 995 378 655

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

21

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 176.

Section Five: Census Data

Summary of General Housing Characteristics: 1990

[For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All housing units

Occupied housing units Percent

United States Region and Division State

In buildings with 10 or more units

Total

Median persons in unit

Mean number of persons per room

Specified renter

Owner

With 1.01 or more persons per room

With householder 65 years and over

1person households

Specified owner, median value (dollars)

Median contract rent (dollars)

Percent with meals included in rent

Homeowner

Rental

78 300

372

.9

2.1

8.5

Total

Median rooms

1 unit, detached or attached

248 709 873 102 263 678

5.2

64.3

12.9

91 947 410

2.29

.49

64.2

4.9

21.7

24.6

All persons United States

Vacancy rate

Percent

REGION AND DIVISION Northeast New England Middle Atlantic Midwest East North Central West North Central South South Atlantic East South Central West South Central West Mountain Pacific

50 13 37 59 42 17 85 43 15 26 52 13 39

809 206 602 668 008 659 445 566 176 702 786 658 127

229 943 286 632 942 690 930 853 284 793 082 776 306

20 5 15 24 17 7 36 18 6 11 20 5 15

810 570 240 492 027 464 065 718 213 132 895 863 031

637 296 341 718 966 752 102 982 714 406 221 976 245

5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.8

57.2 58.5 56.8 69.3 68.0 72.1 65.8 63.3 69.9 67.7 62.9 63.5 62.7

16.6 11.1 18.7 10.1 10.3 9.5 11.3 12.6 6.5 11.8 15.2 12.8 16.1

18 4 13 22 15 6 31 16 5 9 18 5 13

872 942 929 316 596 720 822 503 651 667 935 033 902

713 714 999 975 590 385 254 063 671 520 468 336 132

2.29 2.29 2.29 2.28 2.30 2.23 2.30 2.26 2.33 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.33

.47 .46 .48 .46 .47 .45 .48 .47 .48 .52 .53 .49 .55

61.3 63.1 60.7 68.1 67.7 69.2 66.2 66.8 69.6 63.3 59.0 64.3 57.1

3.9 2.3 4.5 2.5 2.6 2.2 4.8 4.1 3.4 6.8 9.1 5.4 10.5

23.4 22.5 23.8 22.4 21.9 23.6 21.7 22.5 22.7 19.9 19.1 19.4 19.0

25.6 24.8 25.9 25.0 24.7 25.8 24.0 24.1 23.6 24.1 23.9 24.4 23.7

124 153 106 62 64 57 65 76 52 56 126 75 165

400 100 700 300 200 800 800 700 600 000 200 200 500

427 473 415 316 324 294 321 368 248 303 471 348 518

.6 .6 .6 .9 .9 .9 .8 1.0 .6 .7 1.1 1.0 1.1

1.9 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.9 3.1 2.2 3.0 1.9

6.3 7.5 5.9 7.8 7.4 9.0 11.1 10.4 9.2 12.9 7.3 11.7 5.9

5 570 587 503 271 2 472 414 1 320 15 240 7 226 3 075 4 938 17 027 4 371 2 246 4 506 3 847 2 055 7 464 1 848 1 143 2 199 276 292 660 1 044 18 718 289 1 891 278 2 496 781 2 818 1 424 2 638 6 100 6 213 1 506 2 026 1 670 1 010 11 132 1 000 1 716 1 406 7 008 5 863 361 413 203 1 477 632 1 659 598 518 15 031 2 032 1 193 11 182 232 389

296 045 904 214 711 572 850 341 891 310 140 966 945 046 275 926 774 752 445 669 129 340 436 621 112 982 919 917 489 334 295 193 155 418 262 714 845 067 379 423 406 667 241 499 999 976 155 327 411 349 058 430 388 858 245 378 567 882 608 810

5.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.8 5.9 4.0 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.3 4.9 4.7 5.5 4.7 4.8 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.3

58.5 66.5 63.7 65.5 53.6 55.5 61.7 56.8 44.7 60.9 71.8 68.0 69.6 72.6 60.2 72.9 67.7 72.1 70.3 76.1 70.3 66.3 70.9 74.9 74.9 63.3 67.7 70.4 38.0 70.0 71.4 67.6 65.4 64.9 55.2 69.9 68.8 69.8 69.8 72.0 67.7 72.6 67.8 73.8 65.7 63.5 68.1 71.4 66.6 65.8 65.8 58.9 69.7 50.6 62.7 65.0 66.7 62.0 60.3 60.8

11.1 4.5 9.1 3.8 13.7 10.4 11.8 18.7 27.6 14.7 8.0 10.3 9.5 7.5 14.7 8.8 8.5 9.5 15.0 6.7 7.8 11.0 7.4 8.9 7.2 12.6 11.2 15.6 42.5 11.5 3.7 5.4 5.6 8.8 18.5 6.5 6.4 8.2 6.1 4.1 11.8 4.4 7.3 7.1 14.8 12.8 4.7 4.2 5.1 16.9 7.6 15.5 10.4 17.3 16.1 13.5 9.9 17.0 9.1 25.7

4 942 465 411 210 2 247 377 1 230 13 929 6 639 2 794 4 495 15 596 4 087 2 065 4 202 3 419 1 822 6 720 1 647 1 064 1 961 240 259 602 944 16 503 247 1 748 249 2 291 688 2 517 1 258 2 366 5 134 5 651 1 379 1 853 1 506 911 9 667 891 1 499 1 206 6 070 5 033 306 360 168 1 282 542 1 368 537 466 13 902 1 872 1 103 10 381 188 356

714 312 186 650 110 977 479 999 322 711 966 590 546 355 240 331 118 385 853 325 206 878 034 363 726 063 497 991 634 830 557 026 044 615 869 671 782 725 790 374 520 179 269 135 937 336 163 723 839 489 709 843 273 297 132 431 313 206 915 267

2.29 2.28 2.34 2.29 2.28 2.26 2.30 2.29 2.28 2.38 2.26 2.30 2.29 2.30 2.30 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.26 2.20 2.23 2.22 2.22 2.21 2.22 2.26 2.32 2.37 1.82 2.33 2.29 2.28 2.37 2.37 2.15 2.33 2.34 2.29 2.32 2.40 2.34 2.27 2.41 2.23 2.37 2.27 2.20 2.31 2.29 2.21 2.37 2.23 2.67 2.19 2.33 2.21 2.19 2.35 2.46 2.60

.46 .46 .47 .45 .47 .47 .45 .48 .51 .47 .44 .47 .45 .46 .48 .47 .46 .45 .44 .43 .46 .44 .46 .43 .44 .47 .43 .44 .50 .44 .45 .47 .49 .48 .49 .48 .47 .46 .47 .51 .52 .50 .52 .48 .53 .49 .46 .48 .45 .44 .53 .52 .52 .52 .55 .46 .46 .57 .56 .67

63.1 70.5 68.2 69.0 59.3 59.5 65.6 60.7 52.2 64.9 70.6 67.7 67.5 70.2 64.2 71.0 66.7 69.2 71.8 70.0 68.8 65.6 66.1 66.5 67.9 66.8 70.2 65.0 38.9 66.3 74.1 68.0 69.8 64.9 67.2 69.6 69.6 68.0 70.5 71.5 63.3 69.6 65.9 68.1 60.9 64.3 67.3 70.1 67.8 62.2 67.4 64.2 68.1 54.8 57.1 62.6 63.1 55.6 56.1 53.9

2.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 4.5 6.5 3.9 1.8 2.6 1.8 2.2 4.0 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.5 2.5 2.0 3.0 1.7 2.5 4.1 2.3 3.0 8.2 2.8 1.9 2.9 4.1 4.0 5.8 3.4 2.6 2.7 3.5 5.8 6.8 3.7 6.0 3.3 8.1 5.4 2.9 4.2 2.8 3.0 7.9 7.4 5.5 6.4 10.5 3.9 3.6 12.3 8.6 15.9

22.5 22.3 18.8 20.1 23.0 25.0 22.4 23.8 22.6 22.9 26.1 21.9 22.3 21.9 21.9 21.0 22.8 23.6 21.3 25.8 23.9 24.5 25.7 24.0 23.4 22.5 20.6 18.5 21.0 18.4 26.6 20.8 20.6 17.8 28.8 22.7 22.6 21.8 23.1 23.8 19.9 25.9 20.7 23.2 18.2 19.4 22.7 21.8 18.5 16.6 19.6 22.1 18.0 17.3 19.0 19.7 22.8 18.7 7.5 20.2

24.8 23.3 22.0 23.4 25.8 26.2 24.2 25.9 27.2 23.1 25.6 24.7 25.0 24.1 25.7 23.7 24.3 25.8 25.1 25.9 26.0 26.5 26.4 26.5 25.9 24.1 23.2 22.6 41.5 22.9 24.5 23.7 22.4 22.7 25.5 23.6 23.3 23.9 23.8 23.4 24.1 24.0 23.7 25.6 23.9 24.4 26.3 22.4 24.5 26.6 23.0 24.7 18.9 25.7 23.7 25.4 25.3 23.4 22.1 19.4

153 86 129 95 162 133 177 106 131 162 69 64 63 53 80 60 62 57 74 45 59 50 45 50 52 76 100 116 123 89 47 65 61 71 76 52 50 58 53 45 56 46 58 48 59 75 56 57 61 81 69 79 68 95 165 92 66 195 94 245

100 800 400 400 800 500 800 700 600 300 500 200 200 300 300 600 300 800 000 900 700 700 200 400 000 700 100 500 900 600 900 500 100 300 600 600 400 000 100 600 000 300 200 100 600 200 100 900 600 700 900 300 700 500 500 800 600 500 400 300

473 357 477 375 504 412 508 415 423 517 319 324 296 290 367 341 329 294 384 260 281 266 241 282 283 368 424 472 439 410 217 282 273 343 402 248 250 272 226 213 303 226 259 258 325 348 251 260 267 361 310 369 300 445 518 382 344 561 502 599

.6 .8 .6 .2 .5 .7 .9 .6 .5 .6 1.1 .9 1.1 .9 .8 .8 .8 .9 1.1 .8 .9 .6 .7 .8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 .9 .3 .8 .6 .7 1.4 .6 .7 .7 .4 .7 .7 .7 .5 .6 .7 1.0 1.9 1.0 .6 1.0 .7 1.4 .7 .6 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.0 .3 .4

1.8 1.8 2.7 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.8 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.6 3.1 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.5 3.4 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.9 3.1 2.4 2.7 3.7 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.0 3.9 3.3 2.3 3.6 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.3 1.4 2.0 4.5 .8

7.5 8.4 11.8 7.5 6.9 7.9 6.9 5.9 4.9 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.5 8.3 8.0 7.2 4.7 9.0 7.9 6.4 10.7 9.0 7.3 7.7 11.1 10.4 7.8 6.8 7.9 8.1 10.1 9.2 11.5 12.2 12.4 9.2 8.2 9.6 9.3 9.5 12.9 10.4 12.5 14.7 13.0 11.7 9.6 7.3 14.4 11.4 11.4 15.3 8.6 9.1 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.9 8.5 5.4

STATE New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific Washington Oregon California Alaska Hawaii

206

13 206 943 1 227 928 1 109 252 562 758 6 016 425 1 003 464 3 287 116 37 602 286 17 990 455 7 730 188 11 881 643 42 008 942 10 847 115 5 544 159 11 430 602 9 295 297 4 891 769 17 659 690 4 375 099 2 776 755 5 117 073 638 800 696 004 1 578 385 2 477 574 43 566 853 666 168 4 781 468 606 900 6 187 358 1 793 477 6 628 637 3 486 703 6 478 216 12 937 926 15 176 284 3 685 296 4 877 185 4 040 587 2 573 216 26 702 793 2 350 725 4 219 973 3 145 585 16 986 510 13 658 776 799 065 1 006 749 453 588 3 294 394 1 515 069 3 665 228 1 722 850 1 201 833 39 127 306 4 866 692 2 842 321 29 760 021 550 043 1 108 229

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS

511

Section Five: Census Data

U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

1990 CP-S-1-2

1990 Census of Population

Detailed Ancestry Groups for States

512

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 2. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 United States Total

Persons who reported at least one specific ancestry

Percent

Total

Percent of total1

Persons who reported first ancestry

Persons who reported second ancestry

First ancestry

Second ancestry

248 709 873

100.0

224 788 502

73 771 208

90.4

29.7

6 322 10 1

782 645 114 040 939 135 515 059 899 686

58.8 62.7 78.9 82.7 87.7 76.3 65.2 62.9 77.5 77.5

41.2 37.3 21.1 17.3 12.3 23.7 34.8 37.1 22.5 22.5

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic

16 864 47 6 7 34 4 380 1 119 29

465 783 956 001 620 335 348 498 154 652

0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0

9 542 37 4 6 26 2 239 867 22

683 138 842 961 681 200 833 439 255 966

Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish

3 991 4 897 2 197 289 2 411 1 634 669 6 227 089 32 651 788 658 870 14 157

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.5 13.1 0.3 0.0

2 237 4 678 2 161 289 2 228 980 868 3 475 410 21 834 160 465 070 8 636

1 754 219 36 0 183 653 801 2 751 679 10 817 628 193 800 5 521

56.1 95.5 98.4 100.0 92.4 60.0 55.8 66.9 70.6 61.0

43.9 4.5 1.6 0.0 7.6 40.0 44.2 33.1 29.4 39.0

French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

10 320 935 57 947 374 1 110 373 40 529 38 735 539 14 664 550 49 061 39 600 6 317 4 009

4.1 23.3 0.4 0.0 15.6 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 194 501 45 555 748 921 782 27 171 22 695 454 11 246 781 28 846 30 292 3 806 2 832

4 126 434 12 391 626 188 591 13 358 16 040 085 3 417 769 20 215 9 308 2 511 1 177

60.0 78.6 83.0 67.0 58.6 76.7 58.8 76.5 60.3 70.6

40.0 21.4 17.0 33.0 41.4 23.3 41.2 23.5 39.7 29.4

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

3 869 395 1 153 351 4 310 184 1 148 857 25 469 4 519 678 880 5 617 773 5 393 581

1.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.3 2.2

2 517 760 900 060 2 873 106 897 081 19 184 2 658 480 646 4 334 197 3 315 306

1 351 635 253 291 1 437 78 251 776 6 285 1 861 198 234 1 283 576 2 078 275

65.1 78.0 66.7 57.6 78.1 75.3 58.8 70.8 77.2 61.5

34.9 22.0 33.3 42.4 21.9 24.7 41.2 29.2 22.8 38.5

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

50 389 4 680 863 1 045 495 5 748 2 033 893 3 885 42 409 2 005

0.0 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

40 2 881 607 3 1 038 3 41 1

034 950 833 718 603 509 664 328

10 1 798 437 2 995

355 913 662 030 290 376 745 677

79.4 61.6 58.1 64.7 51.1 90.3 98.2 66.2

20.6 38.4 41.9 35.3 48.9 9.7 1.8 33.8

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European*

47 4 29 7 5 544 1 296 315 26 466

710 277 595 602 604 270 411 285 762 718

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.2

38 3 20 6 5 409 769 240 20 444

361 471 894 927 434 458 427 489 996 107

9 349 806 8 701 675 170 134 812 526 984 74 796 5 766 22 611

80.4 81.2 70.6 91.1 97.0 75.2 59.4 76.3 78.5 95.2

19.6 18.8 29.4 8.9 3.0 24.8 40.6 23.7 21.5 4.8

German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian

10 1 582 100 811 20 3 65 9 366 5 365

153 302 331 865 365 781 993 106 693 544

0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.1

9 997 75 526 16 2 64 6 542 3 235

833 545 747 089 113 660 758 844 353 774

320 757 584 776 252 121 235 262 340 770

96.8 63.0 75.5 64.8 79.1 70.4 98.1 69.9 58.9 64.5

3.2 37.0 24.5 35.2 20.9 29.6 1.9 30.1 41.1 35.5

Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

2 952 3 116 76 1 882 124 7 740 3 257 132

987 776 795 931 897 437 729 803 189 994 332

1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1

2 115 3 89 43 1 210 87 6 514 1 184 123

232 010 583 301 652 500 080 085 935 952 717

837 755 766 27 212 33 630 672 245 36 937 1 649 226 718 1 254 73 042 8 615

71.6 79.7 76.7 56.3 64.3 70.3 78.7 69.4 60.7 71.7 93.5

28.4 20.3 23.3 43.7 35.7 29.7 21.3 30.6 39.3 28.3 6.5

8 1 141 251 6

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

584 24 285 4 1 1 2 823 2 129

3

513

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States

Persons who reported at least one specific ancestry

Percent Persons who reported first ancestry

Persons who reported second ancestry

First ancestry

Second ancestry

8 852 2 703 555 6 623 22 557 6 170 54 535 20 797 14 470 12 080

86.0 92.0 94.6 89.2 93.6 88.1 93.7 95.9 92.7 95.0

14.0 8.0 5.4 10.8 6.4 11.9 6.3 4.1 7.3 5.0

Total

Percent of total1

63 33 10 61 351 51 859 505 197 241

176 738 310 465 717 771 739 690 374 559

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1

54 31 9 54 329 45 805 484 182 229

324 035 755 842 160 601 204 893 904 479

1 113 116 43 11 586 177 88 5 161 1 955 499

259 635 521 983 077 649 415 866 323 153

0.4 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.2

1 059 108 39 11 165 167 76 4 147 1 813 479

910 364 446 939 395 829 916 504 122 977

349 271 075 044 682 820 499 14 362 142 201 19 176

95.2 92.9 90.6 96.4 94.5 86.7 90.8 91.1 92.7 96.2

4.8 7.1 9.4 3.6 5.5 13.3 9.2 8.9 7.3 3.8

10 360 2 024 14 40 5

867 935 004 641 331 259

0.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 312 1 625 13 34 3

075 865 866 418 046 940

1 48 398 1 6 1

792 070 138 223 285 319

83.5 86.7 80.3 91.6 84.4 74.9

16.5 13.3 19.7 8.4 15.6 25.1

22 65 81 1

922 875 665 217

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

21 57 75 1

205 108 765 078

1 717 8 767 5 900 139

92.5 86.7 92.8 88.6

7.5 13.3 7.2 11.4

Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c.

21 35 4 37 7 11 2 3 5 7

081 455 941 819 364 188 811 415 773 268

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

18 33 4 35 6 10 2 3 5 6

752 178 007 446 891 737 564 113 487 654

2 329 2 277 934 2 373 473 451 247 302 286 614

89.0 93.6 81.1 93.7 93.6 96.0 91.2 91.2 95.0 91.6

11.0 6.4 18.9 6.3 6.4 4.0 8.8 8.8 5.0 8.4

Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

61 289 435 76 7 159 4

530 521 024 270 621 167 139

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

33 280 410 71 6 138 3

473 874 933 720 831 521 405

28 8 24 4

057 647 091 550 790 20 646 734

54.4 97.0 94.5 94.0 89.6 87.0 82.3

45.6 3.0 5.5 6.0 10.4 13.0 17.7

Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese

3 127 308 51 78 235 23 81 20 394

215 364 096 765 574 521 212 677 656 180

0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

2 112 267 46 73 220 20 69 19 309

537 411 975 099 097 714 657 018 657 578

678 953 121 666 477 807 555 659 999 84 602

78.9 88.3 87.0 89.1 93.0 93.7 89.0 84.5 95.2 78.5

21.1 11.7 13.0 10.9 7.0 6.3 11.0 15.5 4.8 21.5

Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

7 19 48 4 129 83 4 10

656 089 019 486 606 850 011 670

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 15 44 4 95 66 3 9

654 015 651 257 155 492 497 225

1 002 4 074 3 368 229 34 451 17 358 514 1 445

86.9 78.7 93.0 94.9 73.4 79.3 87.2 86.5

13.1 21.3 7.0 5.1 26.6 20.7 12.8 13.5

245 50 4 30 20 4 8 91 4 17 3 2 20

845 772 270 581 066 639 797 688 627 992 623 681 607

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

224 46 4 29 19 4 8 86 4 15 3 2 19

740 552 231 637 695 460 309 875 441 347 341 475 182

21 105 4 220 39 944 371 179 488 4 813 186 2 645 282 206 1 425

91.4 91.7 99.1 96.9 98.2 96.1 94.5 94.8 96.0 85.3 92.2 92.3 93.1

8.6 8.3 0.9 3.1 1.8 3.9 5.5 5.2 4.0 14.7 7.8 7.7 6.9

31 570 12 2 99 14

301 322 486 516 974 448 116

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

30 549 11 2 95 13

600 669 901 369 301 541 116

701 20 653 585 147 4 673 907 0

97.8 96.4 95.3 94.2 95.3 93.7 100.0

2.2 3.6 4.7 5.8 4.7 6.3 0.0

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

53 8 4 421 9 11

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA 14 40 5 5 14 2 12

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

4

514

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 2. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States

Persons who reported at least one specific ancestry

Percent

Total

Percent of total1

Persons who reported first ancestry

Persons who reported second ancestry

First ancestry

Second ancestry

OTHER ASIA Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

15 107 8 134 25 1 505 14 1 450 84 5

523 172 646 955 020 245 177 512 823 774

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0

15 98 7 132 24 1 404 13 1 333 81 4

449 776 196 157 926 634 553 521 194 541

74 8 396 1 450 2 798 94 100 611 624 116 991 3 629 1 233

99.5 92.2 83.2 97.9 99.6 93.3 95.6 91.9 95.7 78.6

0.5 7.8 16.8 2.1 0.4 6.7 4.4 8.1 4.3 21.4

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

43 1 004 2 836 146 27 3 10 2 192 112 535 2

969 645 979 987 930 800 507 554 419 973 117 825 185

0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

27 908 2 798 142 25 2 8 2 187 102 519 1

936 599 979 595 640 317 554 498 230 012 941 200 887

16 033 96 046 0 38 392 4 290 2 483 953 2 056 189 5 961 9 176 16 625 298

63.5 90.4 100.0 95.4 97.1 91.1 72.8 80.5 92.2 96.9 91.8 96.9 86.4

36.5 9.6 0.0 4.6 2.9 8.9 27.2 19.5 7.8 3.1 8.2 3.1 13.6

52 4 7 39 256 3 7 11 10 55 16 8

133 427 472 237 081 406 742 330 854 419 019 674

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

36 4 6 33 205 3 5 10 8 49 14 7

290 065 928 053 802 171 997 289 303 503 971 258

15 843 362 544 6 184 50 279 235 1 745 1 041 2 551 5 916 1 048 1 416

69.6 91.8 92.7 84.2 80.4 93.1 77.5 90.8 76.5 89.3 93.5 83.7

30.4 8.2 7.3 15.8 19.6 6.9 22.5 9.2 23.5 10.7 6.5 16.3

668 23 777 15 8 708 12 395 549 52 2 167 5 12

271 098 816 220 999 990 920 127 412 618

0.3 9.6 0.0 3.5 5.0 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0

597 23 541 13 4 864 12 395 354 48 1 698 3 12

729 280 232 263 999 656 523 394 636 618

542 818 584 957 0 334 397 733 776 0

89.4 99.0 83.7 55.9 100.0 64.5 91.7 78.4 67.2 100.0

10.6 1.0 16.3 44.1 0.0 35.5 8.3 21.6 32.8 0.0

5 305 643 1 799

489 841 561 711 309

0.0 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.0

3 246 643 1 799

320 461 561 711 185

2 169 59 380 0 0 124

60.5 80.6 100.0 100.0 59.9

39.5 19.4 0.0 0.0 40.1

3 389 599 23 921 371

1.4 9.6

3 088 188 23 921 371

301 411 n.a.

91.1 n.a.

8.9 n.a.

PACIFIC Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

NORTH AMERICA Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

70 235 2 3 843 195 4 468 1

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

Note: Some individuals reported a single ancestry group; others reported more than one group. All first (or single) and second responses were coded. Since persons who reported two ancestries were included in more than one group, the sum of persons reporting the ancestry groups is greater than the total. The ancestry data include groups that correspond to those identified separately in the race and Hispanic origin items.In the 1990 census, separate questions were asked on race and Hispanic origin. The race item provides the primary source of data for White; Black; American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut; and Asian and Pacific Islander. The 1990 census Hispanic origin question is the primary identifier for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban and those who indicated that they were of " other" Spanish/ Hispanic origin. * This category represents a general type response, which may encompass several ancestry groups. 1Numbers and percents by ancestry group do not add to total because persons reporting a multiple ancestry are included in more than one group. 2Excludes Tirol. 3Excludes Flemish. 4Excludes French Basque. 5Excludes Bavarian, Prussian, Saxon and West German. 6Excludes Greek Cypriot. 7Excludes Northern Irish and Celtic. 8Excludes Sicilian. 9Includes persons who reported " Scotch-Irish." 10Excludes Moravian. 11Includes persons who reported " Rusyn," " Cossack," " Black Russian," " Great Russian," " Red Russian," " Rossiya," and " Muscovite." 12Excludes Spanish Basque. 13Excludes Eritrean. 14Excludes Khmer. 15Excludes Cantonese. 16Includes persons who reported " African American," " Afro-American," " Afro," " Black," " Negro," " Colored," " Creole," and other related groups. 17Includes persons who reported " Native American," " Centraal American Indian," " South American Indian," and " Cherokee," and other related groups. 18Excludes Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. 19Includes persons who reported " White," " Caucasian." " Anglo," " Wasp," " Appalachian," " Aryan," and other related groups. 20Includes persons who reported " Mixture," " Adopted," " Don’t know," and other unclassifiable responses, as well as responses indicating religious groups.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

5

515

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 United States Region Division State

Region

United States

Northeast

Midwest

South

West

248 709 873

50 809 229

59 668 632

85 445 930

52 786 082

465 783 956 001 620 335 348 498 154 652

4 300 329 401 2 855 287 556 2 012 624 18 023 188 052 5 679

3 466 183 307 1 671 233 210 1 228 1 430 84 353 195 956 4 516

5 417 165 340 4 192 459 901 2 832 1 197 17 040 440 352 9 340

Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish

3 991 4 897 2 197 289 2 411 1 634 669 6 227 089 32 651 788 658 870 14 157

435 2 700 1 139 143 1 418 146 046 1 020 383 5 873 052 95 408 2 280

1 656 583 357 20 206 555 346 2 123 623 7 293 707 310 855 4 029

553 1 147 496 69 582 194 769 1 780 043 11 375 464 73 761 3 843

1 347 467 205 57 205 738 508 1 303 040 8 109 565 178 846 4 005

French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

10 320 935 57 947 374 1 110 373 40 529 38 735 539 14 664 550 49 061 39 600 6 317 4 009

2 637 321 9 928 722 413 246 4 140 9 420 118 7 503 740 2 503 10 829 492 1 468

2 640 874 22 477 450 255 780 10 904 9 643 261 2 429 651 34 408 14 769 2 448 666

2 964 481 14 630 411 234 530 5 594 12 950 799 2 473 371 4 174 4 657 1 212 1 029

2 078 259 10 910 791 206 817 19 891 6 721 361 2 257 788 7 976 9 345 2 165 846

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

3 869 395 1 153 351 4 310 184 1 148 857 25 469 4 519 678 880 5 617 773 5 393 581

241 229 563 801 1 991 78 561 732 3 695 647 52 958 772 250 1 088 462

2 000 129 29 814 112 29 29 673 7 691 1 670 221 666 1 078 883 1 135 343

369 485 90 924 297 24 90 603 6 434 1 275 100 981 2 616 155 1 768 494

1 258 552 468 812 1 910 53 466 849 7 649 927 303 275 1 150 485 1 401 282

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

50 389 4 680 863 1 045 495 5 748 2 033 893 3 885 42 409 2 005

14 669 170 4 446

13 353 1 858 855 378 239 426 493 214 755 7 986 429

9 274 671 099 181 425 619 545 082 1 301 12 724 596

13 701 1 481 378 315 213 390 548 974 887 16 173 726

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European*

47 4 29 7 5 544 1 296 315 26 466

710 277 595 602 604 270 411 285 762 718

28 1 4 5 2 114 129 72 9 64

4 381 758 4 984 646 1 173 106 302 290 732 69 313 5 441 144 257

3 777 581 9 299 278 1 304 87 153 204 983 70 802 7 349 180 644

German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian

10 1 582 100 811 20 3 65 9 366 5 365

1 564 32 352 3

Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

2 952 3 116 76 1 882 124 7 740 3 257 132

Total

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic

16 864 47 6 7 34 4 380 1 119 29

061 531 618 313 623 942 5 526 254

3 186 39 5 5 28 1 21 294 10

282 735 238 022 953 263 097 643 794 117

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

6

516

730 818 986 651 019 681 325 008 760 179

10 1 10 1 1 236 671 103 4 77

822 120 326 053 108 134 371 162 212 638

153 302 331 865 365 781 993 106 693 544

452 216 870 523 438 431 7 975 3 499 502 890 122 949

3 504 26 228 12 1 14 3 468 1 96

503 619 830 210 770 192 258 832 176 318

987 776 795 931 897 437 729 803 189 994 332

1 292 1 26 21 759 19 3 374 2 59 68

472 945 349 581 264 697 895 282 896 941 773

473 588 900 58 782 22 076 648 461 81 163 877 163 133 44 72 606 14 756

1 261 18 127 1 1 13 1 361 1 64

817 688 548 266 644 660 378 537 467 601

545 671 528 13 727 12 388 272 131 10 701 1 221 104 695 148 30 553 24 484

3 251 22 103 2 30 1 036 2 81

381 779 083 866 513 498 382 235 160 676

641 256 403 17 937 20 886 203 041 12 876 1 736 98 693 101 94 894 24 319

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

Region

United States

Northeast

Midwest

4 015 2 879 464 4 144 17 862 2 911 29 269 6 083 11 745 17 922

South

West

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan

63 33 10 61 351 51 859 505 197 241

176 738 310 465 717 771 739 690 374 559

22 7 1 18 173 16 157 436 124 38

252 053 800 828 173 109 247 478 318 449

15 14 2 18 113 13 594 53 30 36

867 476 026 252 859 968 106 021 356 218

21 9 6 20 46 18 79 10 30 148

1 113 116 43 11 586 177 88 5 161 1 955 499

259 635 521 983 077 649 415 866 323 153

149 35 5 142 15 33 2 61 1 289 66

104 254 342 829 620 302 357 788 858 537

715 590 448 049 125 179 556 8 350 209 974 8 709

347 46 17 3 774 90 31 1 43 293 114

411 298 193 379 541 049 642 312 124 707

555 29 17 6 648 67 18

10 360 2 024 14 40 5

867 935 004 641 331 259

4 78 331 8 10

547 181 319 044 646 672

690 17 160 158 061 573 2 685 271

2 131 614 3 20 3

817 738 708 806 696 706

2 133 919 2 6

22 65 81 1

922 875 665 217

6 230 31 099 65 127 590

2 456 4 997 2 031 12

2 956 17 234 11 306 347

Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c.

21 35 4 37 7 11 2 3 5 7

081 455 941 819 364 188 811 415 773 268

3 29 2 28 5 8 1 2 4 4

142 229 507 199 625 819 937 315 841 662

1 145 627 430 807 189 118 115 48 117 220

16 4 1 7 1 1

Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

61 289 435 76 7 159 4

530 521 024 270 621 167 139

1 158 256 52 3 104 1

668 470 637 473 546 248 897

Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese

3 127 308 51 78 235 23 81 20 394

215 364 096 765 574 521 212 677 656 180

1 25 89 3 32 34 4 38 4 111

007 583 331 799 478 693 273 015 543 321

Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

7 19 48 4 129 83 4 10

656 089 019 486 606 850 011 670

245 50 4 30 20 4 8 91 4 17 3 2 20

845 772 270 581 066 639 797 688 627 992 623 681 607

Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

61 5 3 1 021 3 6

042 330 020 241 823 783 117 108 955 970

029 493 538 726 791 119 860 48 416 162 367 309 200 813 856 916 218 304 610

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

11 280 12 545 3 201 268

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

2 7 20 1

001 202 627 346 367 921 677 934 664 1 783

793 1 397 377 1 467 183 330 82 118 151 603

856 201 861 760 360 7 132 180

49 117 133 18 2 35 1

492 261 259 215 988 373 627

7 6 24 3

514 589 267 822 727 12 414 435

368 498 365 403 844 283 015 221 884 783

1 29 23 1 15 55 2 12 5 108

035 670 625 897 063 109 989 924 016 312

2 612 6 794 8 642 563 55 996 34 003 1 820 2 421

985 2 880 13 023 820 24 526 10 295 991 1 843

1 5 12 1 26 21

2 3 13 1 22 18

71 442 44 528 420 152 9 206 1 081 3 819 18 961 1 487 4 570 1 732 515 6 131

39 542 636 618 161 2 303 748 1 488 15 852 356 2 118 448 574 2 997

91 605 2 839 1 506 225 6 388 1 555 2 819 43 354 2 460 5 898 925 1 003 7 808

43 256 2 769 1 726 406 2 169 1 255 671 13 521 324 5 406 518 589 3 671

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA 36 32 29 8 22 9 7 4 100

785 472 681 792 162 168 562 3 098

35 162 16 22 123 6 23 6 73

805 613 775 666 189 436 935 517 213 764

274 943 673 311 922 384 638 3 308

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

7

517

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

Region

United States

Northeast

Midwest

South

West

31 570 12 2 99 14

301 322 486 516 974 448 116

6 560 180 513 7 211 809 31 691 4 124 43

1 938 108 383 1 097 408 19 809 2 220 13

7 619 145 791 2 631 718 27 305 3 167 20

15 184 135 635 1 547 581 21 169 4 937 40

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

15 107 8 134 25 1 505 14 1 450 84 5

523 172 646 955 020 245 177 512 823 774

2 19 1 25 7 374 1 149 1 1

195 279 644 543 393 410 937 972 619 627

2 578 15 837 975 11 470 1 338 118 844 1 452 127 070 36 530 493

5 27 1 18 1 185 2 181 1

076 252 794 572 572 231 921 898 141 607

5 44 4 79 14 826 7 991 45 3

674 804 233 370 717 760 867 572 533 047

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

43 1 004 2 836 146 27 3 10 2 192 112 535 2

969 645 979 987 930 800 507 554 419 973 117 825 185

6 669 89 521 814 180 288 14 481 4 569 1 082 305 538 44 141 14 773 50 348 372

4 156 84 897 108 119 455 28 597 4 424 377 575 325 20 748 16 842 45 010 192

6 631 107 527 481 169 025 27 401 6 523 784 1 166 494 37 565 32 396 148 704 410

26 722 1 368 76 12 1 8 1 90 48 291 1

513 700 576 219 451 284 264 508 062 519 106 763 211

52 4 7 39 256 3 7 11 10 55 16 8

133 427 472 237 081 406 742 330 854 419 019 674

9 613 159 191 1 997 6 822 79 1 153 787 676 901 122 600

8 559 175 95 1 900 9 079 289 751 1 014 959 1 695 249 842

13 360 901 193 7 204 18 121 482 1 741 1 974 2 185 3 498 676 1 513

20 3 6 28 222 2 4 7 7 49 14 5

601 192 993 112 059 556 097 555 034 325 972 719

668 23 777 15 8 708 12 395 549 52 2 167 5 12

271 098 816 220 999 990 920 127 412 618

9 653 3 658 088 332 754 051 1 275 211 184 979 981 973 230 3 899 1 338

16 484 4 875 147 408 1 907 001 2 204 709 100 717 1 864 436 548 432 2 140

609 427 12 936 066 574 4 086 342 7 558 114 112 858 2 004 423 497 742 6 520

32 2 307 14 1 960 1 357 151 48 333

5 305 643 1 799

489 841 561 711 309

SOUTH ASIA

Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

PACIFIC

Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

NORTH AMERICA

Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

3 164 101 121

107 385 193 033 6

317 77 033 114 282 230 641 100

867 916 3 855 120

845 996 4 832 528

1 32 341 946

707 797 502 826 965 436 071 852 339 2 620

400 402 677 103 109

665 32 021 86 409 501 934 94

997 282 11 101 628

678 405 4 132 095

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED

Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

8

518

3 389 599 23 921 371

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

Division

New England

Middle Atlantic

East North Central

West North Central

South Atlantic

East South Central

West South Central

Mountain

Pacific

13 206 943

37 602 286

42 008 942

17 659 690

43 566 853

15 176 284

26 702 793

13 658 776

39 127 306

999 50 435 771 61 158 552 114 5 126 65 793 2 080

3 301 278 966 2 084 226 398 1 460 510 12 897 122 259 3 599

2 728 138 405 1 175 152 145 878 918 69 300 141 990 3 029

738 44 902 496 81 65 350 512 15 053 53 966 1 487

2 153 122 996 2 214 227 508 1 479 724 10 276 260 839 4 792

343 10 327 295 41 73 181 157 1 328 70 500 1 628

2 921 32 017 1 683 191 320 1 172 316 5 436 109 013 2 920

745 440 675 262 926 487 218 6 347 83 313 2 166

537 295 563 760 027 776 879 15 296 211 481 7 951

125 178 75 0 103 410 755 864 165 856

310 2 522 1 064 143 1 315 95 636 883 628 3 543 188 38 243 1 424

1 501 520 332 9 179 239 081 1 496 951 5 082 750 190 625 3 215

155 63 25 11 27 265 672 957 230 814

107 886 6 306 49 2

331 931 412 69 450 478 239 540 808 455

34 54 46 0 8 971 043 550 902 332

188 162 38 0 124 320 761 374 051 056

316 65 21 0 44 938 819 048 262 927

1 031 402 184 57 161 401 570 913 221 5 266 517 136 584 3 078

1 590 707 1 307 116 137 313 1 668 2 948 634 1 835 919 762 944 181 606

1 046 614 8 621 606 275 933 2 472 6 471 484 5 667 821 1 741 9 885 311 862

1 816 430 14 775 614 218 564 3 360 6 655 116 2 044 546 18 996 14 338 1 845 436

444 836 216 544 145 105 412 431 603 230

1 264 676 7 881 678 170 102 3 538 6 376 855 1 671 248 2 647 3 379 774 706

384 360 2 177 176 20 231 578 2 580 937 217 775 407 397 79 146

1 315 445 4 571 557 44 197 1 478 3 993 007 584 348 1 120 881 359 177

581 358 961 945 297 972 471 916 600 188

1 504 678 7 433 433 155 856 13 946 4 800 064 1 715 816 5 505 8 429 1 565 658

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

72 934 443 753 1 902 53 441 798 1 015 117 20 446 249 130 465 724

168 295 120 048 89 25 119 934 2 680 530 32 512 523 120 622 738

713 424 21 409 42 29 21 338 5 120 1 526 80 025 705 146 822 675

1 286 705 8 405 70 0 8 335 2 571 144 141 641 373 737 312 668

207 706 64 692 226 17 64 449 3 647 665 57 625 1 374 240 1 047 924

31 994 5 991 5 0 5 986 641 271 11 733 503 642 277 659

129 785 20 241 66 7 20 168 2 146 339 31 623 738 273 442 911

357 392 28 980 149 12 28 819 2 430 206 102 203 330 609 430 824

901 160 439 832 1 761 41 438 030 5 219 721 201 072 819 876 970 458

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

3 873 305 296 29 424 145 73 965 176 1 970 65

10 364 141 4 372

11 376 885 338 273 152 332 356 125 547 4 958 264

1 977 973 517 105 087 94 137 089 208 3 028 165

5 753 380 329 104 653 552 325 604 828 6 700 359

911 70 863 27 497 32 77 293 174 1 701 37

2 610 219 907 49 275 35 142 185 299 4 323 200

3 275 482 921 102 233 212 190 595 229 3 520 162

10 426 998 457 212 980 178 358 379 658 12 653 564

12 225 253 953 298 386 7 241 26 310 13 467 2 428 16 497

16 1 4 5 1 107 103 58 7 47

9 926 1 065 8 267 954 735 190 979 354 871 66 621 3 145 48 038

896 55 2 059 99 373 45 155 316 500 36 541 1 067 29 600

3 414 628 3 126 563 899 59 161 88 635 35 244 4 373 81 274

289 49 536 7 134 581 010 106 291 760

678 81 1 322 76 140 26 560 190 087 29 963 777 35 223

778 62 2 038 100 250 23 900 71 967 20 587 1 209 45 439

2 999 519 7 261 178 1 054 63 253 133 016 50 215 6 140 135 205

213 828 592 984 600 166 958 571 155 040

1 481 22 223 2

969 238 217 431 158 337 037 041 580 189

169 18 747 1 231 7 356 115 55 1 959 92 364 298 3 703

679 43 703 3 100 19 479 371 1 268 4 382 307 132 589 9 709

1 60 3 24

032 254 905 446 695 130 6 917 289 648 437 13 537

2 191 18 79 1 23 746 1 68

448 460 421 10 011 8 389 189 227 7 100 1 049 81 661 73 19 528 20 100

24 106 28 984 1 071 19 775 890 33 5 710 0 3 162 1 253

73 105 79 2 732 2 928 63 129 2 711 139 17 324 75 7 863 3 131

112 096 95 5 209 6 156 69 900 5 685 319 23 252 31 21 706 3 254

529 160 308 12 728 14 730 133 141 7 191 1 417 75 441 70 73 188 21 065

Total

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

50 136 2 329 57

188 235 194 168 658 766 3 556 189

316 626 2 210 120

824 7 701 37 7 2 988 385 15

18 313 1 977 6

68 580 3 091 17 1

50 15 1 1 12

336 389 2 843 42

573 3 477 50 5 1 921 541 2

2 136 23 3 4 15

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European* German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

82 10 128 2 809 17

250 307 103 1 184 2 787 76 273 1 522 792 49 481 9 6 358 13 708

505 565 033 353 633 440 015 541 332 682

239 388 278 539 838 265 5 017 2 689 931 735 105 909 1 042 1 25 18 682 18 3 324 2 53 55

165 842 165 794 991 175 103 801 887 583 065

1 461 21 205 12

753 975 061 529 288 794 7 162 2 979 889 822 84 360

1 42 5 22

750 644 769 681 482 398 7 096 488 943 354 11 958

353 972 747 52 620 15 385 568 825 72 316 687 139 059 30 58 586 11 662

119 616 153 6 162 6 691 79 636 8 847 190 24 074 14 14 020 3 094

199 14 100 1 7 962 51

20 12 4 27

349 525 178 420 818 368 465 587 723 139

9

519

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

Division

New England

Middle Atlantic

East North Central

West North Central

South Atlantic

East South Central

West South Central

3 278 2 142 462 3 059 14 531 2 331 24 322 5 196 10 392 16 915

737 737 2 085 331 580 947 887 353 007

12 472 12 527 942 14 861 93 814 10 044 564 962 46 620 24 442 22 705

378 170 49 419 1 905 473 4 102 1 432 905 477

3 1 1 2 18 3 25 4 5 13 263 18 10 3 488 11 7

Mountain

Pacific

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan

3 170 1 311 110 2 977 20 305 2 846 13 768 43 237 6 339 10 826

Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran

28 4 1 25 1 2

South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

19 5 1 15 152 13 143 393 117 27

082 742 690 851 868 263 479 241 979 623

364 177 013 929 198 364 315 7 373 209 670 9 854

120 31 4 116 14 30 2 54 1 080 56

740 077 329 900 422 938 042 415 188 683

47 4 2 838 2 4

285 599 868 617 460 188 381 6 967 199 870 7 323

14 430 991 580 182 432 665 1 991 175 1 383 10 104 1 386

79 27 6 254 78 21 1 35 237 59

639 188 174 785 636 759 325 533 662 670

4 479 779 464 31 276 506 1 812 36 683 9 343 351

529 8 203 67 919 920 2 299 167

4 69 263 7 8

018 978 400 124 347 505

593 13 221 115 087 325 1 993 220

97 3 939 42 974 248 692 51

2 91 310 3 15 3

137 834 304 090 952 125

176 2 749 32 973 49 672 84

5 985 20 139 63 778 558

2 359 3 799 1 445 12

97 1 198 586 0

1 775 13 902 9 969 280

831 539 367 661 133 86 105 48 88 201

314 88 63 146 56 32 10 0 29 19

15 3 1 5 1 1

319 327 163 523 252 5 688 164

1 537 874 2 698 237 108 1 444 16

2 113 121 15 2 27 1

915 998 260 096 317 531 337

3 381 710 2 882 549 102 1 875 89

287 302 465 154 838 465 629 747 361 635

81 3 196 2 900 249 2 006 6 818 386 1 474 523 19 148

17 18 1 10 33 2 9 2 61

651 668 017 043 257 293 055 835 473 709

1 3 4 1 1

017 779 035 972 140 451 042 969 009 036

293 331 555 318 399 478 281 7 096 46 119 54 686

1 772 887 240 2 580 4 918 1 568 11 365 1 780 1 428 4 285 227 1 1 1 108 2 3

19 8 5 17 41 17 67 8 29 144

270 443 780 661 905 215 752 328 527 685

602 734 296 796 378 260 175 3 897 21 768 6 712

327 27 16 5 539 65 14

427 759 242 930 413 859 685 44 519 140 599 302 488

504 37 155 271 431 667 4 072 497

424 52 062 415 896 283 1 235 120

2 81 504 1 5

30 642 283 0

1 151 2 690 1 054 67

318 2 049 210 0

10 962 10 496 2 991 268

514 122 192 221 54 37 15 14 19 82

468 606 162 1 127 311 295 29 309 63 120

206 125 27 261 44 28 19 3 80 87

587 1 272 350 1 206 139 302 63 115 71 516

389 794 020 935 069 490

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

245 10 960 1 349 32

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c.

376 4 483 682 1 918 398 168 97 249 175 831

2 24 1 26 5 8 1 2 4 3

766 746 825 281 227 651 840 066 666 831

Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

211 30 156 33 327 3 746 359 11 811 180

1 128 223 48 3 92 1

457 314 310 727 187 437 717

4 44 1 3 7

321 495 314 952 492 492 528 4 633 470 48 737

21 45 1 28 27 3 33 4 62

686 088 017 847 986 201 745 382 073 584

327 843 1 356 231 13 482 4 669 38 476

2 285 5 951 7 286 332 42 514 29 334 1 782 1 945

613 2 200 11 871 531 19 819 8 192 907 1 288

372 680 1 152 289 4 707 2 103 84 555

10 701 42 647 158 36 1 182 220 1 081 3 037 182 1 321 112 236 1 091

60 741 1 881 262 116 8 024 861 2 738 15 924 1 305 3 249 1 620 279 5 040

29 313 473 465 124 1 902 494 924 10 986 259 1 800 340 375 2 027

10 229 163 153 37 401 254 564 4 866 97 318 108 199 970

1 6 18 1

019 474 273 998 002 589 633 611 582 1 581

43 2 9 2

196 553 117 570 569 5 967 201

2 606 806 2 696 446 138 1 636 63

4 5 21 3

908 783 571 376 589 10 778 372

20 2 571 1 309 198 1 020 4 217 220 598 756 12 839

364 9 431 4 299 656 3 786 17 599 714 2 491 1 787 33 764

115 4 932 7 242 571 1 624 8 232 549 2 081 432 16 810

047 607 804 000 225 204 443 1 789

166 167 1 154 130 1 923 1 617 46 487

572 698 3 723 662 8 014 4 347 73 822

214 694 1 314 446 4 352 2 804 34 556

2 060 3 249 12 359 865 18 570 15 580 604 2 752

59 483 2 227 1 208 178 4 983 909 2 227 22 592 2 012 3 625 733 834 5 973

10 160 153 0 22 152 85 120 4 153 32 358 76 23 306

21 962 459 298 25 1 253 561 472 16 609 416 1 915 116 146 1 529

6 270 196 54 62 270 104 23 2 115 0 742 150 76 697

36 986 2 573 1 672 344 1 899 1 151 648 11 406 324 4 664 368 513 2 974

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

33 29 29 6 15 8 5 4 81

1 4 7 1 16 15

30 155 16 20 115 6 21 5 56

690 681 533 095 565 204 386 436 781 954

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

10

520

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

Division

New England

Middle Atlantic

East North Central

West North Central

South Atlantic

East South Central

West South Central

Mountain

Pacific

665 26 275 381 231 3 551 590 9

5 895 154 238 6 830 578 28 140 3 534 34

1 068 91 737 872 341 17 201 1 327 6

870 16 646 225 67 2 608 893 7

6 239 83 491 1 683 521 15 901 2 191 20

157 12 397 277 35 1 162 172 0

1 223 49 903 671 162 10 242 804 0

1 154 12 191 237 152 2 179 575 0

14 030 123 444 1 310 429 18 990 4 362 40

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

577 3 696 294 17 586 1 105 64 558 578 19 475 1 060 292

1 15 1 7 6 309 1 130

618 583 350 957 288 852 359 497 559 1 335

1 453 12 270 881 6 293 1 146 91 281 1 124 106 092 18 815 364

1 125 3 567 94 5 177 192 27 563 328 20 978 17 715 129

3 14 1 10

024 667 385 688 822 103 888 1 927 119 096 906 315

544 2 748 91 1 520 83 14 246 295 10 913 26 17

1 508 9 837 318 6 364 667 67 097 699 51 889 209 275

1 279 4 261 248 3 402 339 39 312 926 38 683 1 395 86

4 40 3 75 14 787 6 952 44 2

395 543 985 968 378 448 941 889 138 961

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

1 327 19 563 545 23 256 9 369 983 108 65 130 6 169 3 609 18 626 48

5 342 69 958 269 157 032 5 112 3 586 974 240 408 37 972 11 164 31 722 324

3 068 64 460 62 85 743 14 993 3 081 326 422 236 15 240 11 326 22 644 104

1 088 20 437 46 33 712 13 604 1 343 51 153 89 5 508 5 516 22 366 88

3 864 62 157 326 108 266 10 955 3 344 383 680 252 19 243 19 613 56 586 272

611 13 102 5 14 906 3 602 917 95 157 43 2 922 2 366 8 737 19

2 156 32 268 150 45 853 12 844 2 262 306 329 199 15 400 10 417 83 381 119

1 889 46 807 18 31 888 6 031 879 304 445 69 4 556 7 854 17 977 106

24 675 1 336 70 11

85 40 273 1

624 893 558 331 420 405 960 063 993 963 252 786 105

2 869 61 33 492 1 786 15 395 170 159 213 38 122

6 744 98 158 1 505 5 036 64 758 617 517 688 84 478

6 063 127 41 1 068 5 740 78 477 828 489 606 70 577

2 496 48 54 832 3 339 211 274 186 470 1 089 179 265

8 271 607 120 3 550 9 742 200 1 191 1 155 1 046 1 981 145 964

1 557 82 8 726 2 163 42 77 185 278 507 10 132

3 532 212 65 2 928 6 216 240 473 634 861 1 010 521 417

4 548 204 103 2 078 10 200 357 865 816 1 480 3 254 4 147 854

16 2 6 26 211 2 3 6 5 46 10 4

053 988 890 034 859 199 232 739 554 071 825 865

4 738 392 392 80 227 371 404 788 115 597 325 755 924 2 809 399

4 915 3 265 696 252 526 680 870 423 69 382 656 217 306 1 090 939

10 196 4 107 796 281 1 244 276 1 577 339 84 666 965 335 442 291 1 535

6 288 767 351 127 662 725 627 370 16 051 899 101 106 141 605

37 241 7 105 744 286 1 557 713 3 598 563 79 517 948 223 732 625 3 506

24 461 2 510 316 62 862 348 2 243 648 10 177 291 35 977 31 1 465

547 725 3 320 006 226 1 666 281 1 715 903 23 164 765 163 788 86 1 549

9 153 316 954 477 725 235 409 847 29 541 1 280 86 830 70 565

23 1 990 14 1 235 948 121 46 247

878 988 548 962 0

229 161 397 77 645 68 071 6

172 55 213 85 824 154 394 40

145 21 820 28 458 76 247 60

636 23 079 177 391 355 622 59

50 2 554 80 387 214 413 13

714 6 769 83 899 376 068 37

119 10 730 21 866 135 335 35

546 21 291 64 543 366 599 59

192 036 885 147

675 880 2 969 973

671 844 3 416 040

174 152 1 416 488

494 720 5 693 245

189 800 2 576 733

312 762 2 831 650

190 589 1 048 171

487 816 3 083 924

SOUTH ASIA

Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

8

PACIFIC

Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

NORTH AMERICA

Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

2 2 23 52

554 843 025 591 118 895 791 022 269 2 055

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED

Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

11

521

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State Total

State

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

4 040 587

550 043

3 665 228

2 350 725

29 760 021

3 294 394

3 287 116

666 168

606 900

31 2 497 82 24 44 14 59 290 19 913 500

12 1 695 245 37 38 170 0 172 3 012 107

251 12 212 1 316 53 298 965 74 1 651 18 034 590

68 1 746 104 20 21 63 29 359 9 383 205

865 645 122 387 508 227 634 10 229 151 050 5 420

215 16 568 937 148 110 679 43 2 055 19 730 746

368 20 333 319 22 64 233 42 1 196 17 547 529

77 2 203 13 0 7 6 0 219 4 378 57

68 2 533 37 0 16 21 33 147 3 803 76

8 0 0 0 0 180 037 499 759 68

0 10 0 0 10 993 365 600 773 35

86 44 0 0 44 859 326 458 395 219

36 34 0 0 34 5 014 72 670 290 462 983 53

262 591 3 645 64 2

681 324 157 57 110 101 618 975 302 130

93 0 0 0 0 801 024 886 632 304

55 36 22 0 14 739 183 919 486 190

0 13 13 0 0 1 732 14 956 122 759 872 39

14 22 6 0 16 1 264 3 768 34 266 479 96

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish

5 76 479 1

5 14 76 3

36 95 586 10

1 104 19 3 3 12

42 100 581 8

16 37 462 7

French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

93 104 430 442 6 895 210 617 065 52 969 113 107 28 12

23 844 127 103 1 665 131 74 322 14 467 79 15 13 0

155 951 878 088 12 799 759 529 575 159 140 924 435 67 73

75 026 400 234 2 734 95 464 287 30 199 104 63 37 22

1 032 843 4 935 147 125 792 6 512 3 425 089 1 439 778 3 487 8 029 1 048 538

148 950 1 063 694 11 999 939 537 945 155 844 629 144 102 51

260 064 450 247 26 646 444 613 765 628 232 234 280 22 159

19 190 138 128 3 203 29 139 180 63 467 7 40 0 0

8 566 39 218 2 279 91 34 392 11 662 72 61 17 0

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

8 489 1 408 5 0 1 403 167 35 2 845 127 826 76 020

23 087 1 628 0 0 1 628 77 0 4 814 12 850 16 996

70 940 7 338 27 0 7 311 569 47 16 735 82 552 93 835

8 778 1 337 6 0 1 331 97 6 2 343 67 388 36 231

411 282 356 495 1 630 26 354 839 3 430 527 102 310 546 496 646 674

75 646 4 654 16 0 4 638 707 45 17 002 95 012 100 952

19 004 43 098 99 5 42 994 368 48 5 029 45 742 82 319

3 036 1 127 0 0 1 127 18 0 966 13 847 16 796

2 620 870 7 0 863 17 0 736 5 943 8 194

297 18 235 4 107 15 18 809 50 524 13

124 17 716 2 902 0 5 774 0 187 28

1 157 92 248 16 700 14 38 340 35 419 32

142 16 168 5 280 0 12 436 20 401 10

8 654 587 772 140 351 138 238 134 514 8 666 343

763 125 097 20 288 78 41 520 58 1 167 72

991 79 374 10 558 64 19 018 98 399 21

101 7 659 1 860 161 9 759 19 114 0

29 3 531 1 632 0 2 477 14 86 0

26 15 197 0 96 336 031 109 110 769

197 0 110 0 8 518 2 834 878 95 3 598

189 30 431 60 43 769 043 374 323 645

36 23 54 14 16 145 175 115 33 422

2 261 368 5 277 128 874 47 822 88 286 35 510 4 101 89 777

198 24 591 40 93 437 184 662 391 921

2 745 71 181 262 120 2 669 10 682 6 162 1 088 3 689

123 18 13 0 0 542 1 449 736 123 906

60 27 57 0 22 547 1 034 483 48 1 777

23 4 117 252 1 809 18 19 777 21 907 11 816

24 2 200 179 1 267 2 0 611 12 294 0 549

563 121 652 871 498 260 188 256 213 417

469 16 861 1 772 7 232 122 95 2 131 82 257 89 3 211

116 49 508 2 389 41 747 285 47 670 312 587 57 6 359

40 3 468 438 2 695 13 0 38 38 286 0 680

85 2 518 552 1 789 38 0 167 9 879 0 987

5 157 0 182 162 5 022 247 2 1 585 0 656 368

6 032 0 274 254 1 895 97 0 962 0 1 374 337

447 752 270 10 605 10 803 101 328 5 546 1 262 56 211 55 53 442 18 469

36 134 19 1 271 2 225 24 257 3 194 147 6 984 0 4 840 1 335

79 884 65 374 1 106 49 891 864 107 23 711 9 2 786 3 347

6 839 16 183 193 4 697 79 7 4 950 3 364 342

12 353 0 163 73 1 378 169 67 1 082 0 386 1 272

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European* German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

12

522

5 3 1 8

6 18 5 8

3 4 1 3

283 433 029 353 243 13 081 405 112 714

47 2 300 198 1 456 21 8 348 17 600 130 427

35 508 28 1 772 1 456 21 335 1 104 78 8 471 0 4 869 1 017

2 595 0 155 146 3 752 76 0 870 0 450 120

22 1 9 1 102 5

1 159 13 63 1 14 578 1 57

6 24 6 10

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

390 989 712 124 427 379 152 032 698 017

391 179 39 466 810 325 2 049 547 456 640

1 407 182 3 1 183 7 098 942 5 377 4 253 3 212 1 304

43 36 0 98 369 67 649 245 41 59

300 764 29 316 822 128 911 1 568 688 1 053

271 834 631 170 285 015 634 42 322 113 548 300 102

53 798 209 339 198 902 244 1 272 66 1 264 6 020 595

12 428 593 410 7 555 420 543 133 3 897 93 608 1 018

1 229 55 20 2 515 41 341 75 39 5 246 115

1 147 365 176 2 361 850 581 165 933 1 089 8 547

2 74 434 1 4

134 787 759 837 575 471

126 14 052 121 029 75 391 38

168 3 599 23 222 216 599 60

27 291 2 514 0 18 0

24 529 3 628 80 104 5

9 18 0 0

10 848 9 357 2 671 233

44 307 85 0

82 2 489 698 0

0 89 38 0

0 524 757 0

70 26 0 80 14 0 12 0 34 20

14 22 20 22 0 15 0 0 0 7

398 1 160 176 994 91 265 63 97 55 423

24 36 7 43 15 8 0 0 13 7

154 972 127 493 76 8 83 147 37 142

48 74 32 22 6 0 0 0 13 3

48 102 70 298 34 117 19 5 95 28

51 91 186 41 0 140 0

782 319 1 005 250 67 649 51

2 679 39 180 24 0 211 10

841 054 237 100 517 9 136 315

421 198 819 58 71 409 0

89 5 004 20 219 899 63 3 842 139

14 242 1 118 158 9 289 8

0 937 3 184 1 012 131 1 164 23

2 757 353 42 279 1 118 45 135 287 3 672

11 148 138 0 0 144 0 14 0 279

0 1 600 2 519 302 568 2 351 243 966 195 6 296

0 303 185 111 43 343 47 26 13 817

579 688 340 736 597 871 080 651 503 776

108 1 394 1 686 106 489 2 105 158 423 71 3 544

38 815 5 218 1 212 735 1 669 85 1 320 57 8 612

0 250 294 0 221 254 39 162 24 533

26 493 369 62 291 1 144 44 146 16 1 070

18 73 367 33 270 592 0 36

0 5 15 0 76 66 0 7

99 163 497 143 1 820 772 18 239

2 20 144 128 301 166 0 36

1 836 2 981 11 566 517 15 803 12 929 525 2 168

55 118 489 224 801 792 0 151

53 187 322 93 1 843 1 329 0 78

0 74 94 11 202 327 0 22

43 353 186 75 116 309 16 50

3 120 0 0 0 17 11 33 1 401 0 78 57 13 95

361 20 0 0 5 0 0 53 0 0 0 0 20

2 073 104 0 43 148 5 0 557 0 265 85 0 260

1 125 67 0 0 45 23 0 894 0 19 0 8 44

32 413 2 433 1 438 315 1 681 942 639 10 027 275 4 299 305 436 2 377

1 566 29 34 0 84 21 23 730 0 227 40 45 270

3 064 3 047 21 0 375 28 83 803 26 496 50 20 314

774 0 0 0 6 9 22 231 0 36 7 17 93

4 750 145 180 11 168 33 101 1 762 167 129 126 26 662

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan

63 70 19 95 574 177 1 260 326 150 108

54 42 3 138 421 47 366 394 20 56

413 198 148 655 1 517 441 2 314 383 364 1 359

15 41 22 68 270 21 331 183 32 137

18 7 5 16 39 16 64 7 28 143

Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran

1 151 278 58 7 556 137 540 36 119 2 659 80

1 232 40 0 6 888 113 203 0 246 1 623 161

50 573 693 358 520 009 606 733 30 950 6 840 1 697

919 90 70 10 835 102 219 9 65 1 069 179

303 26 15 5 322 64 13

South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

49 631 9 366 16 221 31

0 442 4 252 0 20 2

126 6 385 44 059 70 363 11

21 501 5 668 0 63 0

8 188 133 0

0 64 72 0

154 617 42 0

Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c.

167 64 97 62 24 0 7 0 10 21

20 6 0 33 16 0 0 6 0 11

Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

583 188 814 225 28 692 22

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

3 5 19 3

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

27 151 15 19 108 6 20 5 49

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

13

523

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

19 3 686 116 13 365 26 0

0 466 0 0 21 14 0

220 4 642 85 30 549 171 0

58 1 202 12 26 226 0 0

13 018 112 560 1 256 224 17 729 3 827 34

456 2 764 40 84 666 184 0

131 8 866 75 15 1 301 234 0

30 1 518 27 6 217 92 0

42 1 150 67 8 228 110 0

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

130 738 22 363 11 3 529 133 2 305 0 0

100 288 3 75 0 1 549 40 8 584 0 0

343 1 273 79 958 110 12 542 291 10 069 24 24

110 393 0 81 19 1 575 53 2 166 0 0

3 34 3 63 13 641 5 709 42 2

022 715 636 431 457 250 728 599 843 761

331 1 232 18 929 103 9 117 193 7 270 1 080 36

143 966 0 1 217 37 10 217 176 6 272 0 31

21 170 23 65 27 1 813 27 1 479 0 8

96 290 77 92 63 2 574 34 2 035 0 35

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

110 3 516 5 3 969 746 202 6 64 0 1 003 674 2 136 0

56 3 009 0 4 349 233 62 44 10 0 193 432 429 0

506 8 430 0 7 300 581 245 49 237 4 1 704 1 800 4 511 21

64 1 586 0 1 470 2 004 170 0 0 0 342 368 1 788 16

21 353 1 260 59 9

767 251 317 822 976 755 828 799 890 658 654 946 709

608 15 198 12 12 490 1 771 132 82 110 27 1 062 1 645 6 679 51

323 5 000 9 5 427 2 720 498 21 8 74 1 127 710 3 671 0

50 989 0 1 463 122 14 0 0 0 444 270 475 9

223 1 260 0 943 33 89 0 9 17 278 335 663 9

442 8 8 141 436 5 12 40 43 34 0 8

197 0 2 234 985 28 32 188 152 533 121 48

869 61 31 571 2 324 104 117 242 189 374 244 183

95 0 0 175 318 21 35 0 48 36 2 54

12 1 5 19 43

006 851 866 820 418 615 460 869 545 444 056 031

786 64 43 697 1 931 101 144 163 171 295 0 102

976 35 13 82 353 0 92 49 23 48 0 34

96 0 0 21 96 0 0 23 0 0 0 17

129 0 0 31 121 0 25 21 0 8 0 33

852 834 244 506 350 440 024 335 0 35

2 459 91 580 57 255 131 96 176 9 644 263 25 248 23 139

5 237 307 292 44 228 070 305 459 1 306 133 5 981 7 163

18 1 784 1 838 658 86 1 156

337 171 091 458 879 341 854 625 186 1 712

2 528 115 008 67 107 287 91 998 6 191 303 21 859 12 202

784 189 181 0 40 309 70 810 13 768 24 110 426 62 79

247 94 890 0 16 278 27 697 1 248 8 2 990 0 14

167 315 318 29 7 331 10 639 603 0 1 717 23 13

14 395 18 179 60 705 0

17 354 615 7 445 8

13 2 645 5 177 37 431 0

23 682 8 582 37 817 0

369 12 742 48 851 267 505 39

39 3 569 4 410 27 241 25

107 904 5 598 11 125 0

0 2 396 1 373 2 910 0

0 59 999 2 258 0

27 612 662 139

8 091 39 866

49 752 322 159

27 446 403 077

331 630 2 332 327

42 904 219 721

36 781 226 842

8 097 61 228

5 539 72 395

SOUTH ASIA

Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

1 79 33 242

PACIFIC

Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

2 4 3 26 7 2

NORTH AMERICA

Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

5 780 838 689 29 236 720 687 394 2 650 50 9 185 6 334

18 10 50 22 1 42 5

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED

Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

14

524

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State Total

State

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

12 937 926

6 478 216

1 108 229

1 006 749

11 430 602

5 544 159

2 776 755

2 477 574

805 63 932 1 189 117 334 738 227 4 636 76 630 1 172

155 9 396 128 11 27 90 29 1 099 39 724 738

76 1 943 169 19 29 121 13 171 2 882 114

28 2 759 5 587 166 353 5 068 34 310 5 121 122

888 49 970 445 49 75 321 184 13 131 34 734 564

286 8 330 190 55 0 135 102 5 180 24 749 470

138 4 516 59 20 8 31 48 2 997 7 960 228

100 6 541 70 10 24 36 126 1 719 10 028 252

109 330 140 28 162 654 077 667 031 634

62 55 29 0 26 404 322 698 978 315

4 9 9 0 0 455 839 569 422 63

10 0 0 0 0 297 881 516 937 44

160 177 131 0 46 586 339 917 636 849

28 68 29 0 39 918 589 070 470 414

44 8 4 0 4 202 769 466 401 144

0 0 0 0 0 878 645 709 717 115

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

46 279 1 845 25

508 2 410 66 1 1 898 784 1 2

10 112 889 4

3 9 71 1

40 35 290 3

70 264 1 140 20

14 198 767 4

84 175 389 2

18 99 405 1

205 257 861 348 822 770 259 190 351 285

155 250 810 165 14 795 353 970 713 111 940 192 182 85 39

21 674 102 714 1 589 127 65 473 21 535 162 41 4 0

45 801 278 615 2 525 408 141 901 23 736 207 28 149 6

355 629 3 326 248 93 046 981 1 860 989 729 000 9 249 314 634 118

209 181 2 084 667 18 978 224 965 080 124 581 685 121 78 52

103 265 1 394 542 6 233 310 527 428 45 213 6 153 80 95 26

109 945 968 078 3 986 169 435 784 44 528 361 49 81 79

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

90 375 32 345 120 4 32 221 1 270 258 20 057 320 217 316 732

21 388 4 925 0 0 4 925 558 56 6 978 192 187 141 833

9 054 57 125 7 7 57 111 126 30 1 748 10 628 13 784

32 956 2 717 43 0 2 674 162 2 10 349 26 230 39 890

167 003 6 810 2 29 6 779 1 093 68 23 446 173 035 176 096

25 978 2 476 8 0 2 468 455 147 6 528 113 568 111 535

152 084 1 097 0 0 1 097 273 25 13 221 64 500 53 694

21 878 1 414 8 0 1 406 588 12 4 700 74 643 57 460

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

2 887 171 780 37 877 93 103 115 360 1 327 164

538 39 612 9 210 28 37 811 53 1 255 37

157 10 396 1 948 22 4 596 0 168 0

127 52 892 12 680 8 20 746 38 387 0

2 824 374 965 47 057 26 63 144 174 1 330 68

716 69 619 44 511 28 42 004 116 735 53

182 120 470 18 886 0 29 060 35 680 26

102 79 188 18 105 4 27 031 16 632 21

1 812 232 1 396 220 449 18 020 35 993 15 085 1 501 22 179

202 15 205 10 53 651 199 817 236 216

63 8 137 0 25 679 1 553 703 48 1 622

21 0 80 0 4 981 5 252 1 260 71 3 757

2 837 627 2 136 75 266 61 284 131 503 23 927 1 164 14 040

255 42 944 78 13 633 582 458 315 263

86 12 437 0 36 295 690 142 93 071

66 0 219 11 3 511 629 564 78 333

59 418 035 751 74 21 732 171 30 850

40 2 631 224 1 411 6 0 170 11 795 29 610

29 2 455 47 831 74 5 785 11 540 115 470

464 439 978 417 264 438 807 827 275 202

29 235 57 558 755 13 110 726 65 4 967 16 1 317 1 699

5 246 16 188 164 2 087 73 0 1 234 6 678 95

4 155 6 161 207 2 582 112 11 906 0 1 137 53

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European* German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

99 5 41 1 410 29

145 822 725 713 583 134 920 666 306 675

232 298 65 4 082 3 136 74 335 2 733 350 33 792 16 9 462 5 900

9 7 2 14

13 1 6

67 3

68 6 109 1 1 962 23

144 656 120 15 503 3 658 120 400 11 743 322 38 414 13 19 145 4 901

18 11 3 7

40 1 11 3 1 179 7

167 828 622 098 210 21 078 501 147 725

18 288 67 8 418 1 252 44 412 1 495 91 6 379 0 4 214 549

5 58 6 4

8 21 3 6

67 710 965 090 17 27 250 502 24 917

659 4 058 384 2 079 17 90 689 34 844 34 940

7 669 21 639 454 10 599 397 14 1 356 8 1 047 226

16 484 0 454 479 8 085 1 085 76 2 075 0 1 425 371

3 3 1 32

15

525

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan

8 356 2 904 548 8 856 78 183 7 130 541 011 36 116 16 377 12 137

455 352 35 441 3 308 510 6 530 1 301 778 962

89 8 24 55 244 84 314 259 176 60

68 41 0 106 120 36 140 19 32 92

1 759 1 423 285 1 580 9 747 1 000 14 625 2 518 9 009 15 263

199 154 19 237 667 241 1 537 426 272 203

79 55 0 129 200 111 388 162 70 132

75 145 0 172 505 159 1 111 108 537 336

Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran

54 21 4 134 70 10

960 682 188 161 374 907 269 21 784 174 445 10 502

4 071 789 327 37 267 694 2 133 60 1 581 11 512 1 783

1 133 161 73 10 720 101 241 0 143 16 432 111

3 018 74 70 35 591 127 93 3 170 512 114

248 212 338 536 366 903 207 4 821 121 871 5 951

3 287 224 433 60 593 101 567 46 273 13 164 156

1 547 208 140 21 255 103 304 18 95 762 299

4 895 174 121 65 729 117 444 77 256 2 342 306

South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

1 78 201 2 12 2

031 656 059 039 362 644

167 2 703 21 116 254 697 125

43 1 332 12 998 15 45 0

0 767 8 159 0 4 0

253 6 845 41 586 183 654 117

19 1 246 11 734 15 191 23

17 367 4 211 29 21 21

22 1 067 10 046 10 285 0

1 334 7 788 4 497 247

63 742 530 7

31 67 49 0

3 129 0 0

2 118 1 729 679 0

129 419 81 0

10 153 60 0

33 243 5 0

13 668 1 770 400 3 678 685 850 417 344 331 1 051

462 287 203 341 58 39 66 84 21 73

5 30 56 24 12 0 0 12 0 0

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

286 195 92 191 35 7 19 10 47 73

64 62 22 11 0 0 0 0 11 0

68 6 7 16 0 16 0 0 0 0

44 21 7 29 6 0 0 0 12 11

903 495 231 500 353 350 861

600 1 183 6 262 616 213 2 064 41

46 215 443 63 6 268 0

176 32 78 43 0 53 0

232 4 597 7 734 444 53 2 093 32

256 316 1 368 157 63 494 17

79 50 104 31 2 75 0

476 85 442 71 0 326 2

169 7 233 7 424 414 3 119 6 088 696 5 518 615 24 322

133 1 198 1 122 101 1 043 3 279 90 415 300 5 792

0 254 478 9 125 352 0 74 0 504

0 183 147 59 40 366 26 45 7 285

89 468 431 759 407 458 638 528 833 299

10 1 513 1 052 398 571 1 230 47 521 170 3 610

15 391 304 0 221 787 30 125 130 2 180

10 579 358 66 228 1 155 74 137 103 2 937

324 1 400 2 786 324 8 225 5 809 152 621

82 89 420 45 1 032 1 478 8 195

35 24 10 11 152 229 13 33

8 10 23 13 145 103 0 0

283 690 5 534 157 3 367 2 778 25 330

23 138 471 49 1 773 842 0 117

58 44 165 33 660 301 0 77

75 81 270 7 450 205 0 57

13 065 718 91 14 415 76 199 2 922 210 1 379 47 41 786

10 212 204 163 32 531 134 563 5 040 146 700 8 143 931

308 50 0 0 17 6 0 13 0 13 0 8 33

80 0 0 0 0 4 0 96 0 43 0 0 16

10 106 111 129 14 1 167 171 282 4 455 17 599 147 137 675

3 108 53 0 21 111 12 39 720 19 109 9 30 201

926 0 0 0 51 31 9 423 0 35 18 31 225

1 628 69 0 4 94 62 32 344 0 18 38 69 100

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN

22 3 1 557 1 1

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c. Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

105 86 7 1 13

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

10 8 13 2 6 1 2 1 8

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

16

526

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

196 22 240 425 67 3 835 422 0

503 9 868 165 21 1 665 73 0

44 719 24 79 192 186 0

6 382 0 0 92 14 0

557 45 778 233 16 11 237 405 0

129 6 093 98 13 1 035 267 0

37 2 438 46 27 356 53 0

175 3 280 109 0 623 152 0

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

633 3 760 267 1 347 274 28 787 691 37 531 22 141

494 1 858 50 1 860 73 11 180 190 7 527 320 11

153 1 903 145 133 394 95 899 289 176 370 0 76

48 104 14 73 0 1 469 16 1 586 0 10

301 5 655 482 2 720 748 44 077 488 66 984 483 197

290 1 012 40 277 49 6 128 55 5 354 134 27

185 525 11 586 56 3 727 21 2 156 325 2

202 714 28 662 22 4 298 38 2 974 483 35

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

1 211 15 401 7 14 722 2 365 904 66 142 35 4 509 6 295 14 586 28

340 9 450 6 16 580 3 306 426 60 114 20 2 364 2 224 6 864 13

474 262 113 0 28 887 1 554 634 42 5 998 47 1 632 1 753 5 277 48

97 3 865 0 1 214 430 40 5 17 0 82 279 572 0

723 26 579 3 42 167 4 191 972 106 77 70 7 163 5 963 8 550 15

406 6 338 0 6 298 699 421 40 75 8 1 168 1 056 2 420 11

270 2 189 25 4 959 2 860 132 7 0 16 1 025 1 305 2 128 7

236 3 360 0 5 406 2 049 315 0 23 0 1 246 1 073 6 001 64

2 791 94 30 935 3 075 31 368 340 390 602 136 264

1 065 69 33 545 1 156 41 134 53 154 332 0 113

409 416 371 954 812 999 137 691 083 971 283 887

375 2 0 148 695 49 36 65 53 130 78 101

1 539 18 0 410 1 535 10 160 397 103 136 9 148

826 30 6 113 1 008 6 65 44 123 164 26 31

231 0 0 27 430 0 63 10 40 25 33 10

645 13 8 257 631 77 74 0 76 268 43 74

12 114 1 194 537 131 426 108 678 601 43 958 319 110 221 288 741

7 893 1 420 631 17 292 003 804 672 6 425 147 20 430 43 515

800 23 864 86 14 835 7 013 1 699 237 3 176 0 6

374 3 190 41 42 043 41 831 2 323 202 7 529 3 18

3 175 1 425 762 61 254 707 301 671 12 794 254 47 059 88 433

1 860 370 476 11 246 891 373 498 6 451 184 20 094 37 374

498 41 013 0 57 866 82 295 2 385 24 11 030 2 63

1 474 121 451 35 122 760 112 285 2 793 155 11 512 10 126

406 9 451 45 577 62 393 12

83 1 027 31 997 82 402 18

0 149 553 13 442 0

0 930 1 419 9 138 0

9 7 208 16 966 29 455 2

13 9 684 21 625 32 446 18

30 6 580 4 396 9 644 2

42 5 042 6 242 17 117 0

179 096 1 408 110

55 318 989 612

6 182 55 494

21 968 82 392

154 153 859 335

142 902 654 787

24 282 209 967

29 779 269 654

SOUTH ASIA

Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

PACIFIC

Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

1 156

1 14 3 1

NORTH AMERICA

Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED

Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

17

527

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State Total

State

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

3 685 296

4 219 973

1 227 928

4 781 468

6 016 425

9 295 297

4 375 099

2 573 216

133 2 945 94 11 15 68 29 309 18 006 354

133 3 445 226 73 38 115 26 1 203 10 837 281

41 1 910 36 2 21 13 8 250 6 646 280

308 18 028 268 60 45 163 116 1 152 28 992 689

444 20 733 337 37 73 227 41 2 263 28 905 792

342 24 899 236 7 47 182 79 22 559 31 204 721

204 16 361 130 24 15 91 172 6 328 11 596 372

38 1 171 28 4 0 24 16 134 8 537 208

24 25 25 0 0 888 575 802 405 132

0 52 11 0 41 713 259 620 590 123

2 0 0 0 0 979 416 042 326 32

45 231 66 41 124 563 433 915 547 357

49 120 42 0 78 172 062 850 529 414

292 193 131 7 55 184 792 444 357 692

55 37 21 0 16 373 757 574 603 278

0 0 0 0 0 454 860 741 250 52

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

3 79 552 1

5 43 335 1

6 15 372 6

12 80 670 5

18 53 920 31

51 560 1 315 109

92 588 798 001 4 060 108 695 853 55 423 83 114 32 79

550 440 507 453 5 964 81 518 124 196 904 59 61 20 59

223 653 108 859 5 341 110 217 226 51 397 42 30 9 39

125 278 1 218 257 32 203 425 769 312 252 428 340 184 113 48

634 833 497 462 81 769 719 1 570 742 843 524 326 401 103 360

652 465 2 666 179 42 678 756 1 320 458 409 573 907 13 446 343 141

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

7 355 1 275 0 0 1 275 157 91 2 696 89 822 65 638

9 510 2 988 0 0 2 988 297 22 2 774 79 491 40 417

7 256 4 523 0 0 4 523 77 19 2 217 41 310 72 320

22 520 6 898 20 0 6 878 584 86 7 012 89 223 108 427

30 726 289 424 1 276 36 288 112 421 44 8 804 108 407 199 489

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

159 16 447 10 901 9 21 128 74 339 9

874 15 908 4 217 0 12 408 0 283 21

219 24 131 2 227 11 10 124 21 147 12

849 40 456 14 405 153 47 236 156 921 71

53 0 106 0 23 140 832 073 71 385

81 0 124 6 27 081 883 666 55 820

597 35 95 0 4 645 1 833 746 86 1 443

101 819 240 726 61 13 198 487 41 081

77 5 722 285 1 899 33 27 685 22 456 70 858

8 3 234 455 4 678 3 18 161 23 838 10 421

6 435 2 333 241 5 017 321 11 1 582 0 860 256

7 328 5 236 364 5 133 166 11 1 391 0 1 818 472

8 122 6 85 195 3 518 67 0 1 328 0 339 405

98 103 356 103

236 2 020 8 3 573 88 5

2 31 253 1

268 975 924 165 755 812 898 104 206 56

84 955 224 674 2 215 84 392 864 36 304 70 88 19 5

72 261 4 203 4 0 4 199 1 130 126 16 514 157 483 252 104

757 212 1 386 22 0 1 364 662 27 91 712 52 423 63 996

4 052 1 306 0 0 1 306 29 43 1 755 88 052 35 921

1 908 143 841 10 670 55 26 621 27 907 17

2 636 194 063 27 146 79 55 588 108 1 206 51

351 536 203 25 524 60 22 753 18 561 55

195 8 629 2 237 0 8 611 12 211 11

429 239 588 146 207 869 130 686 487 881

7 710 99 532 36 210 2 535 9 285 4 569 977 6 787

4 955 189 2 232 174 171 29 356 40 242 14 485 478 10 523

148 33 635 82 101 020 718 466 558 247

23 18 50 7 7 7 428 1 271 400 0 3 563

90 726 398 608 198 47 070 570 114 672

86 989 479 447 181 50 249 677 56 809

338 178 485 384 106 114 153 527 145 832

385 12 349 2 612 7 033 115 30 2 871 238 039 99 4 903

0 1 462 116 569 15 2 122 10 645 77 445

76 121 137 7 439 3 713 84 864 3 002 128 43 914 0 15 878 2 376

31 945 79 3 292 4 169 31 190 6 614 27 10 691 0 7 765 1 049

1 892 7 115 323 2 319 66 0 480 0 952 107

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European* German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

18

528

3 2 1 7

5 1

24 1

5 3 1 2

5 18 6 1 9

26 3 23 1 200 7

95 964 137 1 196 1 398 33 597 1 018 362 15 872 18 2 505 6 577

19 6 68 1 359 7

133 080 29 595 957 16 321 393 513 17 500 0 2 390 8 381

109 5 38 4 2 889 24

11 87 11 6

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

112 53 11 76 678 143 931 502 526 159

392 131 175 341 1 421 628 6 048 657 781 1 890

96 24 0 45 219 24 262 190 67 75

1 432 2 879 205 2 231 4 332 762 5 254 3 342 2 632 4 042

1 421 717 105 1 493 7 795 1 739 6 468 29 065 2 437 5 866

595 226 35 545 1 623 313 3 890 1 053 471 475

132 196 2 268 1 295 115 1 116 186 192 227

14 0 0 90 201 59 309 211 63 85

Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran

1 255 145 123 6 823 95 531 0 180 2 692 96

4 325 8 268 444 21 046 3 635 982 14 410 4 089 1 118

363 30 9 1 990 19 79 13 51 939 78

5 999 1 910 488 14 948 3 279 2 243 483 4 396 13 004 16 449

13 516 3 155 535 11 421 591 1 497 157 2 817 103 792 7 835

10 461 525 579 118 424 237 638 44 487 13 698 345

2 437 204 160 28 512 158 358 79 338 2 668 315

635 122 95 4 900 74 236 0 78 880 85

South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

14 591 5 810 5 65 9

69 4 099 65 125 0 481 219

7 119 2 947 5 45 0

272 3 326 22 255 316 1 257 82

311 3 812 32 495 525 1 403 107

195 2 426 26 094 87 589 41

12 584 7 584 151 119 18

84 588 8 555 0 142 11

10 98 47 0

331 290 80 0

0 113 0 0

150 2 551 3 106 0

102 7 483 541 32

80 887 126 0

20 403 414 0

6 120 5 0

Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c.

32 28 21 41 26 6 0 0 3 6

50 87 3 76 15 11 0 44 0 6

2 8 47 56 2 8 0 22 0 24

295 626 168 1 196 141 508 87 84 102 274

192 3 393 390 1 268 320 138 14 80 101 615

250 128 126 296 62 55 67 0 30 82

66 50 15 65 29 14 5 0 11 6

50 12 37 5 0 0 0 0 0 5

Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

434 276 600 111 25 315 11

339 633 1 105 349 110 829 32

1 157 198 40 0 156 6

178 3 837 15 456 4 493 277 5 424 249

100 23 692 11 990 2 590 281 7 271 35

212 614 3 777 294 38 1 357 50

48 237 696 63 75 498 9

225 80 318 24 0 274 9

0 569 258 3 147 962 17 136 229 3 153

36 1 271 530 78 269 1 123 98 184 123 6 705

0 156 908 11 14 143 0 76 9 2 623

128 2 160 3 076 157 1 817 9 644 468 2 254 467 5 771

283 2 782 28 714 663 2 197 4 659 383 2 899 326 29 700

63 842 263 724 785 117 668 150 441 673

40 751 714 66 760 1 922 80 452 111 6 096

10 160 158 46 141 235 9 83 37 3 177

20 49 231 0 639 290 0 93

59 58 454 38 1 659 449 0 93

2 37 67 0 490 152 0 0

266 1 303 1 038 84 1 845 2 366 156 359

256 550 903 106 7 552 2 336 23 341

161 758 2 695 178 7 656 1 776 840 310

116 70 368 74 1 114 597 35 170

29 27 92 40 314 206 0 48

1 601 60 0 9 59 20 0 445 8 59 6 10 103

5 604 84 82 0 68 0 19 1 430 0 58 24 0 102

168 57 8 5 7 5 0 44 0 33 0 0 25

12 107 484 419 53 2 502 408 720 6 515 975 568 170 317 1 929

5 841 29 326 120 26 661 166 385 1 620 156 750 57 211 601

6 219 85 106 77 330 53 312 2 103 53 360 82 46 556

2 129 37 137 33 181 102 452 1 714 78 119 22 99 280

2 459 12 0 7 0 0 0 1 225 0 19 13 0 19

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

14 14 14 1 3 6 1 1 39

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

19

529

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

18 2 367 62 0 228 57 0

9 4 385 23 3 485 129 0

304 449 15 15 16 24 0

488 21 262 487 241 3 342 844 0

214 13 603 256 197 1 814 297 9

217 18 100 250 167 2 524 158 0

225 5 308 0 25 446 497 0

0 1 793 26 22 99 35 0

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

108 557 0 190 67 3 137 75 2 587 0 0

207 1 095 30 173 63 5 321 54 5 981 0 0

49 165 9 809 0 1 269 7 1 438 0 0

448 2 358 513 1 798 186 26 479 407 21 086 0 63

264 1 944 237 11 821 952 47 245 335 8 024 90 244

223 2 688 85 687 232 17 100 300 16 086 2 013 24

283 1 012 31 2 981 29 8 850 155 5 210 16 785 80

138 463 27 14 0 2 532 11 2 120 0 0

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

307 3 275 0 4 264 308 63 55 22 5 356 625 1 340 14

224 2 681 37 3 643 862 120 19 0 15 968 1 032 14 696 0

41 1 202 0 1 225 44 33 13 27 0 48 221 809 19

770 10 067 83 29 471 639 400 76 61 47 5 303 3 202 7 809 40

808 10 662 528 12 878 3 953 310 52 17 56 4 401 1 996 13 101 23

876 13 309 0 17 738 2 753 503 53 67 31 2 892 1 803 5 229 20

164 5 330 21 12 922 7 252 76 13 34 16 1 179 883 8 698 4

39 1 576 0 1 610 54 198 6 71 0 297 283 3 340 0

475 49 0 180 539 0 7 57 74 181 10 60

350 13 9 307 779 50 67 32 60 98 0 47

191 2 0 85 276 0 18 43 19 23 2 37

1 251 69 50 390 986 33 201 101 85 87 0 141

1 198 24 20 256 637 0 206 56 66 115 23 41

1 388 6 35 216 1 333 50 144 227 48 148 8 179

607 32 0 140 493 21 36 101 69 72 39 83

162 0 0 83 303 0 8 7 42 56 0 11

2 086 222 428 7 208 938 586 090 2 200 71 8 033 7 193

432 549 1 097 499 38 154 511 272 108 2 435 98 86 569 21 164

2 365 4 882 9 48 617 84 120 13 648 41 110 209 107 29

2 298 965 573 21 121 765 167 320 6 606 77 21 206 58 254

1 162 170 439 33 67 157 150 550 66 007 128 310 636 2 333 200

1 954 1 099 751 22 282 695 316 566 47 488 150 174 138 87 286

645 78 891 68 70 252 63 517 4 495 240 46 719 48 83

11 097 774 950 1 114 236 317 021 1 357 65 7 487 0 249

21 818 23 512 42 777 13

485 469 7 871 34 343 0

182 374 2 677 7 603 0

61 3 581 11 126 18 457 5

206 025 519 700 0

41 10 758 15 615 38 556 11

48 2 185 2 884 8 890 0

7 181 11 006 44 108 0

60 667 688 555

35 710 405 322

23 291 87 649

63 168 439 105

94 050 390 044

127 760 722 977

29 622 217 550

36 803 367 941

SOUTH ASIA

Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

PACIFIC

Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

NORTH AMERICA

Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

2 1 10 18

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED

Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

20

530

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State Total

State

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

5 117 073

799 065

1 578 385

1 201 833

1 109 252

7 730 188

1 515 069

17 990 455

6 628 637

228 11 764 151 27 10 114 116 1 930 18 492 404

8 5 556 469 66 46 357 5 994 2 135 73

40 3 152 45 0 0 45 8 1 017 3 997 126

46 4 401 4 840 472 776 3 592 32 469 5 368 165

49 2 851 53 0 0 53 0 688 6 716 230

717 58 912 534 72 143 319 70 2 978 27 217 784

156 3 299 502 63 61 378 18 283 6 397 186

1 977 156 994 1 300 131 242 927 227 5 115 58 197 1 920

165 6 859 119 16 6 97 97 813 34 868 517

15 11 0 11 0 695 961 232 583 166

6 7 7 0 0 752 018 181 324 41

41 0 0 0 0 860 237 616 651 72

52 7 7 0 0 170 751 010 582 47

16 12 3 0 9 156 238 668 294 97

48 659 315 9 335 703 165 504 343 272

13 7 7 0 0 122 401 934 266 90

104 1 734 687 134 913 47 058 369 807 1 566 019 21 288 801

29 17 17 0 0 848 469 683 830 299

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

20 153 743 3

16 27 137 7

59 46 208 1

19 30 207 3

4 14 265 8

27 159 702 8

7 29 188 2

268 116 1 843 299 13 294 304 1 037 658 161 173 417 98 133 55

43 073 285 385 1 920 334 138 828 21 322 216 0 87 5

54 459 794 911 3 266 226 272 185 35 014 922 45 67 0

60 172 279 693 6 490 342 199 772 86 785 225 193 45 16

205 455 118 033 15 507 166 232 409 81 310 90 84 23 9

157 195 1 407 956 60 899 522 1 415 489 1 457 013 425 1 252 57 175

43 970 234 000 3 108 149 163 690 36 204 132 11 32 0

29 531 3 086 40 0 3 046 633 35 7 156 129 228 94 211

86 460 1 421 0 0 1 421 109 31 9 971 25 369 27 904

30 533 744 0 0 744 183 45 5 988 34 701 26 278

23 229 8 246 42 0 8 204 286 29 6 112 27 950 32 601

8 401 10 199 19 8 10 172 77 0 2 428 27 747 56 864

46 991 63 188 31 0 63 157 487 76 7 921 86 869 132 882

949 69 039 26 697 23 40 516 109 879 34

139 36 784 5 754 0 9 704 24 174 16

301 99 263 10 408 0 11 998 30 195 19

740 31 301 7 392 8 14 266 12 328 9

386 25 464 2 608 0 7 868 13 284 0

531 10 361 6 187 519 529 550 155 436

45 8 246 0 0 119 607 967 66 652

50 0 123 0 25 283 043 871 58 271

158 0 206 0 35 560 518 615 148 626

625 2 898 159 1 2 800 2 837

9 147 986 3

459 888 876 427 128 904 915 8 245 130 411

141 803 1 110 581 14 927 245 841 276 111 983 83 268 50 87

13 936 1 768 8 12 1 748 153 29 4 098 33 977 29 082

90 158 44 090 46 18 44 026 1 366 76 17 092 165 952 266 312

20 184 4 970 9 7 4 954 373 77 6 678 343 345 177 699

2 284 72 647 25 402 287 47 015 238 759 23

174 19 999 4 281 1 11 275 28 251 14

5 968 165 333 46 873 385 103 679 322 1 693 154

434 35 861 10 716 9 36 229 92 1 103 29

849 24 2 0 4 682 1 693 799 128 1 481

3 339 629 815 614 454 8 173 23 473 13 686 2 623 9 531

30 0 61 0 53 842 245 811 67 229

10 628 703 2 208 1 038 913 20 517 50 014 28 402 3 982 27 446

191 45 240 38 44 189 156 355 304 253

89 100 278 722 145 0 427 591 53 745

3 4 093 713 7 953 31 3 270 48 767 17 937

328 627 393 870 460 65 010 506 284 177

88 4 337 257 1 943 62 7 710 19 523 34 713

598 898 038 397 570 118 854 077 225 977

179 12 749 843 5 602 29 71 920 59 722 12 2 007

13 241 0 871 475 6 311 238 63 2 434 20 2 483 315

11 066 0 68 131 2 671 80 56 2 434 0 359 511

229 449 330 1 718 4 171 117 562 972 469 73 935 29 12 682 11 075

7 912 3 307 384 4 469 189 12 1 512 0 903 243

596 875 277 3 534 5 969 118 045 2 619 2 150 121 113 31 30 455 34 778

17 688 16 639 751 12 313 537 28 4 897 7 1 315 913

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European* German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

16 24 4 9

3 7 1 2

3 90 7 2

202 843 760 283 265 54 798 900 114 733

30 2 750 223 915 36 1 588 15 736 20 572

172 3 318 869 3 557 42 179 472 61 199 48 900

27 516 7 1 285 1 084 17 261 515 41 4 766 6 2 668 1 275

7 776 8 522 556 3 907 264 0 1 478 11 3 355 97

10 136 46 443 342 9 156 190 32 1 161 0 483 151

14 6

95 3

2 5 1 2

7 2

33 1

141 5 49 1 626 21

1 4 1 3

186 12 70 1 2 1 181 66

8 6 2 11

21

531

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

318 276 0 307 1 011 144 1 845 314 467 259

17 6 0 24 49 0 145 29 24 46

119 65 0 143 124 42 383 105 53 27

415 165 53 374 1 262 443 5 430 429 286 852

43 10 2 99 436 103 641 756 129 103

5 789 1 052 369 4 640 47 809 4 612 72 373 51 138 27 486 6 694

116 67 0 306 469 90 772 246 101 681

12 4 1 10 99 7 64 337 89 20

087 406 300 288 935 939 741 867 040 293

410 127 31 456 1 707 433 3 296 999 1 008 471

Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran

2 752 224 118 35 860 240 585 1 476 2 894 232

553 36 9 7 037 37 75 0 62 368 34

2 083 97 35 25 814 44 143 0 197 916 192

5 022 384 228 72 281 957 361 28 430 3 829 3 121

369 204 6 2 334 31 45 10 119 2 528 88

26 265 7 241 934 24 703 3 663 3 063 413 22 962 219 942 14 766

105 892 87 144 215 576 270 434 13 175 2 183 498

78 23 2 71 10 26 1 30 762 40

843 014 843 284 036 491 552 011 429 992

2 795 457 213 24 685 408 1 890 34 462 10 161 863

South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

41 1 351 13 993 49 215 12

12 229 3 351 0 66 0

5 406 4 686 9 46 0

24 2 435 20 156 36 150 18

16 247 3 051 142 62 0

547 666 596 297 130 77

20 24 861 190 700 5 95 53

3 42 156 3 5

168 309 310 742 559 334

153 1 620 15 957 58 430 130

29 254 79 0

0 7 27 0

5 103 28 0

61 408 23 0

14 289 39 0

304 7 482 6 697 45

50 184 33 0

5 520 11 145 56 462 489

74 469 308 17

71 3 29 29 21 2 0 0 6 0

0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

37 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0

97 25 7 106 7 12 0 3 26 58

21 32 58 24 0 0 0 0 0 24

562 1 687 529 1 857 421 483 172 139 282 360

4 26 5 8 0 8 0 0 0 0

1 22 1 23 4 7 1 1 4 3

986 298 050 799 659 916 617 906 335 366

114 211 110 149 8 52 22 16 9 42

778 414 1 202 54 27 394 5

37 0 26 0 0 10 0

97 55 158 8 4 117 0

169 128 369 73 0 238 0

0 281 324 53 9 147 0

152 18 854 26 690 4 245 338 8 935 320

899 66 261 16 0 179 12

1 107 186 42 2 80 1

153 207 429 973 743 075 330

550 542 2 639 391 71 1 634 51

Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese

12 1 090 1 058 70 520 2 208 119 566 122 4 973

0 52 158 9 37 106 18 24 19 816

0 310 210 15 186 479 23 172 15 1 682

7 553 1 224 66 253 1 118 30 339 33 2 219

0 307 2 710 0 185 499 51 51 0 3 777

94 5 311 14 664 845 11 704 5 804 632 6 569 1 234 12 261

0 712 525 13 143 667 31 144 41 1 974

523 12 884 23 590 680 15 211 18 183 2 814 24 091 2 408 31 089

62 1 348 1 060 14 903 2 094 124 253 265 5 619

Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

85 437 291 75 1 230 632 40 178

2 34 23 0 164 52 0 0

13 43 14 59 749 218 0 7

0 214 57 0 789 404 0 51

0 12 8 6 628 379 0 33

491 811 2 367 46 11 722 7 579 141 359

44 61 112 54 269 336 9 42

1 618 4 043 4 098 46 18 201 19 325 1 564 1 338

45 124 894 68 1 114 1 046 0 72

4 607 36 16 0 59 59 54 1 644 19 88 23 0 283

36 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 0 0 0 14 19

740 21 0 0 16 0 17 466 0 58 7 0 53

1 045 22 20 12 19 54 0 188 0 8 0 0 56

239 114 0 0 68 12 0 49 0 25 5 0 31

10 922 436 33 26 1 466 493 952 4 330 384 716 158 0 734

872 21 0 7 8 20 0 95 0 106 0 9 29

41 452 1 099 192 74 6 158 272 1 422 9 610 710 1 884 1 221 231 3 408

7 650 211 0 9 205 87 220 2 083 103 217 23 64 686

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan

23 71 3 2

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c. Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

22

532

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

158 4 030 55 0 908 136 0

0 213 0 11 28 7 0

275 948 15 15 145 55 7

196 1 236 22 25 380 99 0

9 1 871 17 4 217 9 0

659 54 039 548 36 7 053 898 27

223 1 566 63 0 203 61 0

4 675 80 430 5 989 441 19 163 1 923 7

118 7 091 69 123 787 180 8

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

231 981 14 695 76 8 006 45 7 181 0 6

18 64 3 6 0 811 13 908 123 0

100 200 0 125 9 1 908 49 1 699 117 6

249 909 40 290 84 7 001 164 12 734 13 0

55 149 25 289 5 2 218 0 1 304 0 0

366 4 234 196 476 632 47 068 335 51 821 16 133

166 346 29 59 10 2 400 38 2 539 0 6

777 9 117 970 3 326 5 366 236 876 715 64 202 184 1 090

420 1 521 112 1 493 0 8 078 123 6 181 551 19

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

268 6 233 0 6 452 637 535 20 66 0 1 500 1 433 3 652 8

22 1 391 0 842 171 42 48 0 0 16 126 239 8

92 2 307 0 2 600 675 173 5 21 0 378 525 1 242 5

180 5 111 0 4 693 950 223 83 53 22 605 2 408 1 978 14

47 1 153 0 1 635 475 51 0 9 0 200 285 281 0

916 19 948 12 38 087 526 718 362 45 82 11 391 2 284 5 480 39

175 3 482 0 1 756 444 118 37 18 0 476 655 1 374 5

3 680 39 859 153 93 145 2 658 2 471 301 78 315 21 956 6 991 12 116 271

273 8 069 92 8 572 1 731 203 21 150 57 2 076 1 982 4 406 137

763 3 46 216 1 202 76 46 55 211 621 56 58

268 0 7 44 269 7 45 6 56 91 0 19

140 0 0 145 342 29 0 2 28 87 0 14

576 22 0 245 2 060 27 96 150 130 384 177 219

241 0 0 40 308 5 39 9 19 0 0 10

1 573 26 52 363 1 260 9 219 353 52 147 4 92

129 12 4 249 583 0 34 27 46 100 18 81

3 688 43 68 775 1 876 3 386 188 339 335 25 302

698 202 7 380 1 428 39 107 117 183 390 0 103

3 074 469 075 6 306 254 316 691 4 359 335 17 860 65 252

235 2 071 80 55 858 22 699 1 469 131 7 780 0 31

483 51 226 15 31 998 30 722 1 077 44 6 503 6 62

1 278 67 797 42 55 723 39 377 3 354 161 9 662 20 60

257 5 181 9 30 114 48 993 12 913 34 118 857 257 48

1 047 750 914 94 88 728 156 379 12 783 71 30 768 201 207

1 308 25 288 163 144 936 46 290 1 643 31 6 260 12 50

2 219 1 620 890 133 271 105 426 740 45 274 388 155 531 688 517

4 478 1 227 936 10 265 777 752 901 6 621 95 20 308 51 689

22 3 013 12 952 34 484 52

28 1 040 1 458 3 669 0

0 3 709 1 323 3 766 6

11 752 1 799 9 093 0

267 355 1 985 7 417 0

32 7 886 13 853 11 325 6

7 664 3 771 29 880 0

113 10 503 41 497 33 624 0

23 1 747 34 210 76 652 17

67 918 569 213

12 369 51 238

14 494 90 353

20 711 91 206

14 963 77 320

105 831 568 460

16 118 124 805

431 474 1 556 551

63 639 1 037 704

SOUTH ASIA

Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

PACIFIC

Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

NORTH AMERICA

Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED

Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

23

533

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State Total

State

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

638 800

10 847 115

3 145 585

2 842 321

11 881 643

1 003 464

3 486 703

696 004

4 877 185

19 1 178 11 0 0 11 18 441 853 45

868 29 810 203 33 15 155 226 3 085 41 342 1 028

47 3 379 105 0 23 82 57 589 11 932 176

292 9 582 2 257 172 298 1 787 92 1 862 19 028 1 048

607 63 060 250 23 13 214 213 4 804 36 845 895

49 2 695 24 0 0 24 0 554 3 181 117

86 3 166 48 4 14 30 31 247 15 548 199

9 1 390 30 0 8 22 24 621 1 040 60

141 3 714 91 2 14 75 53 595 24 044 566

0 0 0 0 0 801 459 015 807 20

99 74 35 0 39 602 765 303 044 442

52 0 0 0 0 938 457 391 844 125

110 6 6 0 0 806 089 183 977 373

158 129 62 0 67 875 656 665 612 351

0 0 0 0 0 978 933 001 562 62

20 29 0 0 29 307 860 149 849 70

0 7 0 0 7 456 844 345 468 19

2 29 21 0 8 449 571 508 488 80

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish

10 10 39 3

21 310 1 449 21

9 140 441 1

French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

27 901 324 929 608 3 161 53 678 4 255 419 36 21 6

360 151 4 067 840 49 496 590 1 896 231 637 143 867 294 632 112

118 804 714 184 4 451 155 641 733 44 951 253 55 57 1

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

189 106 256 0 0 256 53 0 11 074 8 262 8 557

31 911 6 151 24 0 6 127 1 075 1 147 9 046 217 478 224 351

46 35 933 2 036 0 1 697 0 55 6

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European*

47 118 575 22

1 6 161 1

5 55 436 1

23 36 68 3

7 125 691 2

967 555 535 200 887 093 606 107 208 20

263 960 4 314 762 55 158 523 2 255 867 1 372 904 401 388 124 276

134 128 73 425 6 208 185 213 653 199 028 65 104 6 31

87 527 500 089 8 119 127 485 804 56 291 108 87 7 45

24 490 355 102 905 209 87 657 6 110 1 242 19 0 8

113 713 724 059 7 061 176 875 155 73 079 141 88 0 50

17 401 2 612 0 0 2 612 364 65 4 305 95 508 59 409

124 216 11 369 67 0 11 302 540 57 28 021 95 336 110 314

31 146 12 770 12 7 12 751 827 378 7 499 270 299 223 544

4 010 94 650 508 4 94 138 48 0 924 13 638 24 144

9 170 2 252 9 0 2 243 197 46 3 874 159 534 77 111

106 361 422 0 0 422 179 0 7 790 9 980 8 472

12 098 2 002 0 0 2 002 288 102 4 437 197 942 100 080

3 274 87 475 88 523 141 165 494 99 1 092 31

142 32 638 7 474 0 21 894 77 204 27

688 124 620 30 984 0 40 781 29 1 361 69

1 126 68 3 221

936 255 919 496 964 206 1 104 12

162 22 373 1 459 15 3 253 9 37 15

210 18 534 5 546 8 17 190 41 337 25

46 33 421 3 431 7 4 034 0 26 4

260 27 552 10 252 8 28 745 38 627 4

15 0 175 0 4 246 15 298 1 565 115 327

1 107 146 2 408 620 183 59 315 67 389 15 864 852 10 902

22 19 277 15 16 592 215 451 47 156

139 99 768 2 37 804 470 202 641 311

2 538 233 1 010 3 701 266 78 750 29 528 16 453 727 10 705

223 24 105 0 18 461 1 262 640 56 1 017

52 0 117 0 49 585 183 087 194 958

0 0 109 0 17 281 18 593 1 383 10 915

187 16 183 0 8 677 876 524 110 043

German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian

228 3 005 64 383 9 4 219 17 320 18 339

441 145 973 840 452 98 271 226 224 950

222 3 797 338 2 090 38 24 509 29 519 143 860

127 776 197 341 135 47 724 414 206 439

313 863 847 272 808 82 153 348 226 755

0 902 377 580 66 25 161 227 13 102

67 6 111 252 2 673 28 7 406 29 762 16 936

37 1 361 115 256 17 14 797 9 139 17 226

45 7 349 623 3 252 21 21 862 35 325 169 1 361

Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

18 544 0 27 85 1 557 24 0 3 634 0 272 8

81 618 417 15 545 4 165 273 380 49 598 127 43 569 17 13 172 2 876

7 580 15 160 298 5 781 215 9 1 969 9 652 95

12 412 0 7 192 2 231 73 90 3 530 0 251 519

6 483 15 262 382 6 926 290 18 2 266 7 769 356

7 322 0 22 78 1 788 22 0 391 0 360 14

10 622 19 354 345 7 417 256 20 2 063 0 694 522

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

160 878 8 1 466 83

20 354 1 274 8

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

24

534

218 3 29 3 1 442 25

2 15 3 5

3 16 5 16

10 1 4 2 48 4

28 735 0 466 917 8 939 343 43 6 220 0 4 968 871

152 4 103 1 882 17 215 1 19 8 447 14 129 2 10 9

841 235 913 654 384 584 484 753 827 446 212

2 4

47 1

4 3 1 4

4 4 1 8

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

0 0 0 4 152 0 70 2 28 14

544 153 107 409 1 584 423 2 826 840 515 770

162 108 14 121 780 138 905 254 163 277

251 132 25 448 722 381 1 197 186 148 992

1 206 284 21 923 5 124 712 6 365 4 236 1 453 636

153 361 0 146 4 617 13 811 8 902 457 3 463

107 65 0 165 888 127 1 204 544 292 118

14 0 0 62 44 9 34 10 6 12

189 47 19 158 452 94 1 602 393 166 125

Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran

287 65 6 2 311 3 42 0 12 263 30

7 884 503 381 50 725 370 814 66 1 080 35 644 615

3 847 359 132 53 069 100 711 18 486 3 444 312

6 957 404 236 71 680 412 346 13 612 2 180 800

15 632 822 552 20 913 723 1 384 77 1 442 97 817 925

1 537 152 29 1 994 130 170 0 440 8 366 826

1 307 322 91 8 316 151 625 21 192 4 282 119

429 19 0 2 951 0 115 0 9 259 12

1 438 234 188 11 997 200 505 0 306 3 112 90

South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

0 47 1 158 0 6 0

94 2 056 26 408 13 416 12

39 1 329 13 880 38 233 4

38 1 745 18 692 16 148 0

303 4 003 35 494 85 658 94

18 301 3 679 32 162 0

123 817 8 497 22 146 29

0 117 1 296 0 0 0

29 939 9 242 28 244 33

0 36 0 0

10 531 476 5

18 235 70 8

23 394 60 0

161 1 512 619 24

47 529 69 0

58 298 73 0

0 6 0 0

6 236 98 0

Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c.

23 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

154 114 88 128 30 24 19 16 0 39

68 31 7 30 7 4 7 7 5 0

71 26 11 9 9 0 0 0 0 0

218 761 246 625 147 252 51 21 49 105

5 72 47 77 0 14 0 0 37 26

147 75 37 42 19 0 0 13 0 10

5 8 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2

265 18 37 113 4 31 8 14 6 50

Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

32 25 67 0 0 18 0

539 703 3 841 469 65 1 499 35

23 465 208 332 179 30 414 22

604 195 223 4 17 357 25

152 2 253 10 191 1 509 106 3 427 67

21 958 483 147 6 332 0

220 300 1 135 189 47 752 20

27 8 29 10 0 16 0

2 139 166 1 150 189 49 594 47

Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese

0 26 174 6 28 117 28 13 26 563

116 5 340 2 948 159 1 654 3 399 267 1 158 723 27 226

64 790 401 14 328 2 494 74 167 153 4 308

36 866 1 308 139 255 2 208 104 249 43 2 611

69 2 893 6 763 322 2 071 3 214 299 2 722 431 19 234

0 380 6 345 57 306 378 9 194 78 2 666

7 608 455 55 279 570 11 198 118 3 732

4 49 82 26 63 150 32 9 16 717

8 1 085 540 107 453 1 902 149 244 203 2 837

Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

25 5 20 0 204 80 0 59

96 449 2 436 75 6 145 2 147 42 336

42 66 181 83 732 459 0 85

67 142 317 152 1 350 673 34 310

176 1 097 821 240 12 591 2 430 77 248

6 41 44 21 2 796 399 15 8

39 180 140 0 637 828 7 17

0 0 24 41 300 70 9 7

99 18 464 57 700 529 46 310

66 0 0 0 0 0 0 147 0 0 0 0 0

8 035 214 196 2 215 245 251 2 329 150 630 37 133 309

1 604 44 20 19 215 7 49 1 132 0 52 0 0 131

1 109 19 11 6 24 109 9 541 10 116 14 23 164

8 367 346 37 16 400 96 364 1 984 211 649 241 48 898

1 179 10 080 9 0 67 9 611 508 0 14 0 5 108

3 390 78 0 0 103 0 20 1 582 0 149 45 112 96

133 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 0 0 0 0 29

2 980 81 0 6 76 54 87 1 082 24 202 0 0 89

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

25

535

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

0 428 0 0 59 0 0

100 17 633 191 76 1 683 341 6

11 3 810 108 20 610 26 0

272 2 726 16 88 333 211 0

561 19 769 293 101 1 924 713 0

0 1 227 16 0 116 26 0

46 3 500 20 0 182 24 0

0 214 0 0 71 0 0

120 4 551 73 0 470 54 0

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

92 33 0 74 0 364 3 934 5 0

471 2 006 250 2 165 40 16 829 210 12 726 243 74

135 764 3 451 10 5 178 93 3 689 76 13

286 680 72 2 255 196 14 796 284 9 114 516 65

475 2 232 184 4 155 290 25 908 309 14 474 359 112

43 325 19 3 417 103 3 037 40 2 032 970 11

173 670 7 248 24 2 872 83 6 028 6 12

32 102 10 54 0 410 17 824 0 0

168 990 42 953 5 5 048 76 3 901 26 17

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

33 560 0 687 42 14 0 2 33 127 159 256 0

659 13 999 41 13 041 2 053 861 84 162 50 3 032 1 965 4 121 29

313 4 272 0 5 459 821 322 10 54 8 1 010 1 087 6 248 6

1 239 14 142 5 9 355 3 287 192 8 92 34 939 1 144 8 130 55

746 10 151 104 25 800 1 928 397 311 117 11 4 625 1 889 14 126 14

52 1 010 8 1 293 2 040 72 11 0 0 300 348 587 6

57 3 279 0 3 198 393 176 0 26 42 450 965 1 379 5

25 458 0 686 89 98 6 7 24 53 138 389 0

155 4 735 0 5 063 2 494 454 28 0 38 1 266 784 1 921 5

25 0 0 14 86 8 7 10 36 16 0 16

1 489 49 0 209 1 225 11 54 121 178 106 14 163

410 27 9 329 983 8 25 100 95 128 7 64

1 429 131 256 746 3 437 297 250 234 292 488 181 460

1 483 29 38 367 1 900 52 153 76 126 206 55 84

170 0 0 11 158 0 15 8 25 0 0 0

379 41 0 230 799 18 17 136 110 108 0 101

85 0 0 33 155 0 48 8 10 0 8 10

478 25 0 322 885 37 50 81 119 236 0 53

49 3 082 3 26 597 9 669 438 15 4 194 1 0

2 614 997 269 120 383 689 512 979 13 508 231 38 709 69 327

3 957 194 597 55 468 588 257 655 2 306 195 10 961 0 174

1 061 38 914 439 141 079 98 355 10 553 694 29 161 25 102

1 649 893 892 25 166 847 287 304 11 325 197 31 007 201 215

96 21 098 23 12 731 19 137 5 338 79 72 747 38 33

5 086 869 786 9 117 321 347 488 3 438 47 9 923 19 425

65 2 613 0 46 998 12 191 504 86 3 288 9 19

5 498 674 249 25 302 454 653 143 3 970 105 11 272 18 689

3 518 325 661 0

60 24 872 27 685 45 819 7

16 1 810 8 559 53 971 4

76 3 556 4 895 27 747 0

84 143 008 22 295 23 122 0

83 182 1 824 3 308 0

5 797 15 882 40 027 0

0 773 336 1 685 0

8 1 160 27 690 66 823 0

2 636 20 484

219 731 942 442

40 140 465 868

61 015 260 154

138 575 844 962

11 329 59 999

27 035 564 832

5 421 39 267

64 718 858 098

SOUTH ASIA

Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

PACIFIC

Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

NORTH AMERICA

Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED

Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

26

536

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State Total

State

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

16 986 510

1 722 850

562 758

6 187 358

4 866 692

1 793 477

4 891 769

453 588

2 673 23 447 1 248 98 238 912 204 3 285 76 861 2 258

29 3 903 1 422 148 261 1 013 12 425 24 527 268

48 1 913 2 0 0 2 23 175 2 798 132

456 14 886 403 19 59 325 151 1 564 49 823 1 109

292 18 430 1 770 145 154 1 471 140 2 862 35 509 1 262

33 1 993 9 0 0 9 40 399 7 073 235

344 25 396 101 8 8 85 327 25 345 9 961 246

12 1 742 602 146 21 435 0 160 2 001 16

100 76 27 0 49 655 375 901 634 755

46 0 0 0 0 048 770 665 718 127

3 10 8 0 2 386 923 384 968 61

27 234 141 0 93 374 477 605 770 595

236 53 12 0 41 215 310 190 110 477

25 0 0 0 0 1 332 74 877 269 798 452 50

922 8 6 2 0 791 466 016 118 818

10 0 0 0 0 889 648 398 408 55

350 914 275 976 293 943 171 237 292 100

40 125 468 927 4 325 106 348 448 71 684 22 7 16 3

239 004 2 630 680 14 366 809 612 358 144 249 7 288 163 158 13

21 762 158 469 1 681 44 72 941 13 084 99 21 10 10

WESTERN EUROPE (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS)

Alsatian Austrian2 Basque Basque, French Basque, Spanish Basque, n.e.c. Bavarian Belgian3 British Celtic Comish Cypriot Cypriot, Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, n.e.c. Danish Dutch English Finnish Flemish French4 German5 Greek6 Icelander Irish7 Italian8 Luxemburger Maltese Manx Northern Irish

47 324 2 023 12

571 2 949 31 1 2 368 312

175 686 048 147 863 294 704 702 245 95

163 55 749 3

53 299 10 2 136 45

2 9 147 1

18 117 1 050 6

902 414 439 970 645 857 39 84 108 27

132 574 59 090 1 842 44 100 839 32 428 5 45 18 8

178 732 1 186 056 23 390 814 888 908 207 023 564 360 135 199

82 179 897 44

265 1 389 18 5 768 156 1

80 162 410 35

10 15 101 2

Norwegian Portuguese Azores Islander Madeira Islander Portuguese, n.e.c. Prussian Saxon Scandinavian Scotch-Irish9 Scottish

94 096 13 304 60 7 13 237 1 388 246 22 201 495 886 306 854

36 178 1 954 13 0 1 941 377 23 34 106 24 292 89 463

3 537 1 859 0 0 1 859 24 6 1 044 12 286 30 588

35 815 10 818 54 6 10 758 581 129 10 366 195 722 166 959

333 521 13 215 57 8 13 150 1 046 107 64 179 154 566 182 690

2 598 487 7 0 480 49 13 958 54 222 34 173

416 271 1 769 4 0 1 765 1 367 38 24 491 43 582 58 589

18 047 882 0 0 882 67 0 3 830 15 227 17 097

Sicilian Swedish Swiss Tirol Welsh West German Western European* Other Western European, n.e.c.

1 452 155 193 32 304 35 95 447 202 3 435 142

151 103 715 31 737 58 48 070 27 629 0

207 10 113 1 902 0 7 081 8 196 0

554 56 040 19 451 100 54 891 89 1 343 26

803 257 953 36 795 18 69 094 115 2 271 124

151 6 856 3 956 0 16 896 4 214 7

1 926 159 216 65 915 58 29 895 50 595 61

24 20 885 3 401 45 6 674 7 165 19

539 39 867 41 81 742 814 731 642 825

11

137 0 275 0 22 446 373 108 107 711

101 0 38 0 30 249 1 555 551 93 2 080

533 45 355 103 75 543 555 144 461 593

339 44 969 48 110 430 873 922 255 897

12 7 155 46 0 4 215 1 936 851 19 1 511

772 61 547 7 102 391 155 887 336 310

0 0 148 0 0 746 3 745 790 36 1 898

333 884 279 034 279 209 840 557 246 564

24 2 944 172 1 118 0 9 935 14 832 0 943

0 3 102 179 1 579 34 23 447 17 475 2 412

595 797 926 530 177 61 772 828 275 124

15 9 248 168 2 225 45 0 141 30 864 45 749

343 25 385 3 003 16 790 256 123 853 505 808 31 2 651

20 1 374 127 332 13 0 260 9 764 14 169

55 602 59 2 181 2 120 48 463 2 254 119 13 094 66 4 943 2 444

4 401 31 220 532 4 167 289 8 1 062 0 3 095 178

5 743 3 55 206 1 641 45 26 978 0 233 545

41 395 22 1 195 2 592 18 892 1 132 112 10 814 9 12 726 1 293

5 022 23 1 365 255 11 267 423 6 1 514 0 887 84

33 289 6 5 715 2 597 45 769 6 478 19 6 783 0 6 177 960

2 969 0 85 321 2 872 295 0 405 0 1 024 16

EASTERN EUROPE AND SOVIET UNION

Albanian Belorussian Bulgarian Carpath Rusyn Central European Croatian Czech10 Czechoslovakian Estonian European* German Russian/ Volga Hungarian Latvian Lithuanian Macedonian Moravian Northern European* Polish Rom Romanian Russian11 Ruthenian Serbian Slavic* Slovak Slovene Soviet Union Ukrainian Windish Yugoslavian* Other Eastern European and Soviet Union, n.e.c.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

15 166 23 23

31 2 14 1 2 237 7

1 3 1

7 13 5 14

25 1 13 1 115 4

289 178 806 375 150 57 643 121 57 633

42 578 92 1 563 1 446 31 604 1 125 146 12 321 6 2 523 2 957

10 23 7 1 23

16 2 8 5 95 5

22 104 8 5

27

537

Section Five: Census Data

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

2 448 1 499 824 2 442 15 669 2 664 17 758 3 875 4 033 10 732

332 224 0 649 666 233 497 114 159 612

50 17 0 11 140 25 209 71 37 15

1 350 5 385 94 2 195 4 078 870 5 851 2 318 2 564 3 850

486 272 16 896 1 091 324 1 723 457 485 560

19 15 0 103 127 17 256 187 62 13

181 186 16 288 910 354 1 444 359 125 204

20 7 0 0 25 0 18 13 6 3

202 614 909 368 562 566 240 6 135 37 517 53 077

6 708 216 136 45 675 115 258 35 829 1 656 629

151 43 24 635 7 30 2 49 437 9

7 779 1 561 660 28 375 2 821 3 000 218 6 105 17 453 21 170

14 834 320 302 128 472 502 1 054 38 1 196 6 816 1 314

352 47 11 2 157 18 39 0 41 470 122

3 405 135 137 51 339 386 266 18 306 15 493 256

2 038 35 12 13 725 22 34 0 17 360 24

375 31 226 186 758 629 3 295 274

103 2 804 21 075 97 147 0

9 125 2 525 0 28 0

316 3 600 30 357 315 912 98

174 3 488 33 319 67 281 17

24 292 4 921 6 26 12

32 648 9 265 27 143 27

13 529 7 367 0 19 0

793 2 147 904 59

6 386 0 0

0 57 2 0

89 1 382 660 9

60 614 139 35

7 59 0 0

22 233 83 7

0 11 0 0

336 466 132 999 289 265 22 258 58 107

3 12 8 22 8 0 7 0 7 0

2 6 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

237 315 237 268 51 23 22 65 11 96

93 50 107 146 11 37 0 0 16 82

0 14 16 4 0 0 0 0 0 4

77 40 39 35 6 0 0 22 0 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

713 673 500 018 429 4 513 137

81 63 102 6 0 86 0

0 64 113 17 0 63 0

217 1 398 4 975 737 216 2 787 84

366 228 1 482 168 49 877 32

233 64 260 0 0 67 0

80 97 1 443 159 33 245 30

41 0 36 0 0 12 0

264 7 067 3 183 453 3 146 13 639 495 2 114 1 498 21 934

0 404 928 16 94 1 458 43 134 66 1 534

0 55 419 9 55 144 0 93 0 1 359

121 4 122 4 078 220 2 462 9 858 570 856 660 10 692

64 1 725 2 269 211 588 3 629 202 448 235 3 784

5 256 139 20 122 362 13 33 8 4 178

9 1 139 2 771 114 421 1 261 9 390 194 2 827

0 34 55 0 0 61 0 6 0 142

469 554 2 944 413 5 322 3 273 73 608

0 89 105 0 315 317 7 73

10 16 12 5 173 74 0 16

248 1 076 2 170 363 2 248 2 673 90 434

122 97 451 185 1 189 1 683 32 234

0 8 76 30 806 368 14 19

50 165 735 72 878 649 0 195

6 5 8 12 49 28 0 0

13 629 264 196 6 925 531 404 13 153 416 1 786 92 138 1 252

488 20 0 0 11 0 0 280 0 93 17 8 47

210 23 0 5 4 0 2 13 0 3 0 0 12

7 112 387 355 59 1 048 162 382 2 210 405 437 307 109 772

2 795 51 223 23 172 94 0 772 39 236 49 46 380

423 0 0 0 5 0 0 247 6 10 0 5 18

1 845 10 34 10 79 13 40 1 379 20 102 65 29 286

110 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 0 0 8 0 0

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (HISPANIC GROUPS) AND SPAIN Argentinean Bolivian Central American* Chilean Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Guatemalan Hispanic* Honduran Latin American* Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Salvadoran South American* Spaniard12 Spanish* Uruguayan Venezuelan Other Hispanic, n.e.c.

254 9 9 3 403 7 5

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Belizean Brazilian Guyanese Other Central and South American, n.e.c.

WEST INDIES (NON-HISPANIC GROUPS) Bahamian Barbadian Bermudan British West Indian Antigua and Barbuda Grenadian Kitts-Nevis Islander St. Lucia Islander Vincent-Grenadine Islander British West Indian, n.e.c. Dutch West Indian Haitian Jamaican Trinidadian and Tobagonian US Virgin Islander West Indian* Other West Indian, n.e.c.

16 1 7 2

NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA Algerian Arab* Armenian Assyrian Egyptian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Lebanese Middle Eastern* Moroccan Palestinian Saudi Arabian Syrian Turkish Yemeni Other North Africian and Southwest Asian, n.e.c.

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA African* Cape Verdean Eritrean Ethiopian13 Ghanian Kenyan Liberian Nigerian Sierra Leonean South African* Sudanese Ugandan Other Subsaharan African, n.e.c.

28

538

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Section Five: Census Data

Table 3. Persons Who Reported at Least One Specific Ancestry Group: 1990 Con. United States Region Division State

State

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

1 145 40 506 528 113 8 921 649 0

29 1 306 27 2 132 33 0

7 259 2 0 87 0 0

4 814 14 937 363 55 5 278 405 12

696 6 973 14 38 715 124 6

2 1 925 60 0 367 41 0

65 4 133 100 69 722 156 0

24 82 0 0 129 6 0

Amerasian* Asian* Burmese Cambodian14 Cantonese Chinese15 Eurasian* Filipino Hmong Hong Kong

1 056 7 585 285 5 659 575 55 023 499 40 053 133 262

104 263 63 1 050 32 5 487 189 2 983 155 10

23 147 4 33 8 572 20 405 0 6

667 3 696 311 3 761 159 20 857 346 35 605 7 26

834 2 957 129 10 074 331 33 954 600 49 222 779 59

72 344 25 24 16 1 248 26 1 624 0 0

168 909 24 444 77 7 147 71 4 942 15 942 42

20 70 2 37 0 485 22 594 0 0

Indonesian Japanese Khmer Korean Laotian Malaysian Mongolian Okinawan Singaporean Taiwanese Thai Vietnamese Other Asian, n.e.c.

1 555 23 729 113 35 281 9 157 1 650 277 275 176 13 080 7 930 60 649 97

288 8 455 6 3 215 1 678 40 0 10 9 567 831 2 540 7

56 536 0 798 137 19 11 4 0 93 49 177 0

894 12 385 128 32 362 2 321 1 117 148 178 34 3 527 3 997 20 271 31

1 088 43 378 236 32 918 5 370 762 38 164 22 3 541 3 269 17 004 293

46 1 257 10 955 45 15 12 0 0 292 343 133 0

404 4 235 18 6 499 5 297 324 43 41 77 985 539 2 324 29

13 875 0 378 6 39 0 0 7 44 110 84 0

2 677 172 47 2 117 4 136 161 346 502 658 748 512 252

1 372 39 18 69 2 102 69 390 140 831 1 854 3 630 133

93 0 0 18 54 10 25 5 7 27 13 0

1 651 132 0 1 006 1 901 38 331 333 119 442 9 188

2 012 590 395 3 280 7 207 260 353 757 482 3 635 184 439

211 0 0 12 180 0 8 31 5 12 0 4

821 24 0 120 639 1 54 39 37 52 13 56

173 4 0 55 236 0 3 23 4 26 0 16

105 982 1 720 618 89 815 112 880 681 17 117 339 60 277 58 1 048

519 9 288 25 43 145 54 004 4 287 173 5 607 0 57

74 1 611 6 28 443 31 178 3 923 19 33 049 12 10

4 581 969 899 69 201 613 549 672 9 597 212 33 641 143 696

504 060 165 713 521 862 982 725 58 200

377 47 174 0 109 517 259 573 1 021 43 3 296 0 159

593 214 538 67 76 294 72 625 4 425 146 55 442 10 115

452 2 732 2 21 112 17 472 630 16 2 885 0 8

190 3 808 58 877 249 937 33

21 329 3 207 15 055 10

33 148 945 4 809 0

52 3 033 27 923 56 228 0

84 4 490 9 629 50 460 12

6 988 8 304 14 295 7

49 2 691 3 933 8 118 2

0 801 625 3 828 0

209 466 1 557 383

21 845 119 645

11 622 43 293

58 132 815 350

80 898 396 083

34 696 304 909

27 298 236 499

4 922 37 005

SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Asian Indian Bangladeshi Nepali Pakastani Sri Lankan Other South Asian, n.e.c.

OTHER ASIA

PACIFIC Australian Chamorro Fijian Guamanian Hawaiian Micronesian New Zealander Pacific Islander* Polynesian Samoan Tongan Other Pacific Islander, n.e.c.

NORTH AMERICA Acadian/ Cajun Afro-American16 Aleut American Indian17 American Canadian18 Eskimo French Canadian Newfoundland North American* Nova Scotian Pennsylvania German United States White19 Other North America, n.e.c.

2 125 2 190 161 21 1 52

OTHER GROUPS, N.E.C., NOT CLASSIFIED AND NOT REPORTED Other groups, n.e.c. and not classified20 Not reported

Note: Some individuals reported a single ancestry group; others reported more than one group. All first (or single) and second responses were coded. Since persons who reported two ancestries were included in more than one group, the sum of persons reporting the ancestry groups is greater than the total. The ancestry data include groups that correspond to those identified separately in the race and Hispanic origin items.In the 1990 census, separate questions were asked on race and Hispanic origin. The race item provides the primary source of data for White; Black; American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut; and Asian and Pacific Islander. The 1990 census Hispanic origin question is the primary identifier for Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban and those who indicated that they were of " other" Spanish/ Hispanic origin. * This category represents a general type response, which may encompass several ancestry groups. 1Numbers and percents by ancestry group do not add to total because persons reporting a multiple ancestry are included in more than one group. 2Excludes Tirol. 3Excludes Flemish. 4Excludes French Basque. 5Excludes Bavarian, Prussian, Saxon and West German. 6Excludes Greek Cypriot. 7Excludes Northern Irish and Celtic. 8Excludes Sicilian. 9Includes persons who reported " Scotch-Irish." 10Excludes Moravian. 11Includes persons who reported " Rusyn," " Cossack," " Black Russian," " Great Russian," " Red Russian," " Rossiya," and " Muscovite." 12Excludes Spanish Basque. 13Excludes Eritrean. 14Excludes Khmer. 15Excludes Cantonese. 16Includes persons who reported " African American," " Afro-American," " Afro," " Black," " Negro," " Colored," " Creole," and other related groups. 17Includes persons who reported " Native American," " Centraal American Indian," " South American Indian," and " Cherokee," and other related groups. 18Excludes Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. 19Includes persons who reported " White," " Caucasian." " Anglo," " Wasp," " Appalachian," " Aryan," and other related groups. 20Includes persons who reported " Mixture," " Adopted," " Don’t know," and other unclassifiable responses, as well as responses indicating religious groups.

DETAILED ANCESTRY GROUPS FOR STATES

29

539

Section Five: Census Data

U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

1990 CP-S-1-1

1990 Census of Population

Detailed Occupation and Other Characteristics From the EEO File for the United States

540

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT Male

503 326 144 12 15 4

1 695 133 1 551 131 17 6 22 57 10 235 2 420 151 176 12 308 10

Engineers, architects, and surveyors Architects Engineers Aerospace Metallurgical and materials Mining Petroleum Chemical Nuclear Civil Agricultural Electrical and electronic Industrial Mechanical Marine and naval architects Engineers, n.e.c. Surveyors and mapping scientists

Mathematical and computer scientists Computer systems analysts and scientists Operations and systems researchers and analysts Actuaries Statisticians Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.

051 474 569 087 130 603 256

107 135 19 60 112 82 7 706

806 831 484 416 744 331

690 212 961 786 021 063 908 163 108 162 012 471 859 092 776 540 517

614 095 625 393 002 970 599 105 840 949 204 724 138 336

788 864 201 630 246 136 411 274 099

21 572 221 39 201 3 355 313 2 037 751 21 328 186 217 14

13 275 35 343 141 80 415 295 78

8 448 483 7 431

66 986 201

Postmasters and mail superintendents Managers, food serving and lodging establishments Managers, properties and real estate Funeral directors Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. Managers and administrators, n.e.c., salaried Managers and administrators, n.e.c., self-employed Management related occupations Accountants and auditors Underwriters Other financial officers Management analysts Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. Business and promotion agents Construction inspectors Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction Management related occupations, n.e.c. Professional specialty occupations

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Legislators Chief executives and general administrators, public administration Administrators and officials, public administration Administrators, protective services Financial managers Personnel and labor relations managers Purchasing managers Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations Administrators, education and related fields Managers, medicine and health

MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS

Civilian labor force 16 years and over

United States Female

275 144 107 6 16 1

33

46 24 9

17

1 7

180 23 156 11 2

121 111 16 4 49 285 8 941

18 458 189 6 203 1 585 90 2 218 838 45 351 95 296 2

5 230 14 292 134 40 193 328 155

701 459 334 316 108 484

833 662 283 648 209 415 657 157 693 646 136 552 474 780 493 423 888

348 493 923 197 147 470 432

232 556 841 093 071 636 788 319 338 818 071 065 487 962

235 819 072 281 249 639 698 338 522

6 170 674 5 285

56 487 249

All persons

667 068 285 032 351 500 326 183 986

591 720 539 197 424 184 654 501 232 466 83 999 628 144 199 828 332

741 796 375 358 486 921 731

15 089 9 069 5 160 163 604 93

8

12 4 4

8

1

54 6 47 5

5 5 1 3 7 5 299

874 44 016 13 240 718 9 123 125 977 14 025 89 346 28 867 570 11 329 4 672 13 411 820

12 1 12 10 2 11 11 3

362 858 141

5 888 180

Male

10 142 4 214 5 157 93 657 21

7 693 1 286 6 394 437 75 – 117 304 13 788 – 1 920 1 104 254 12 1 370 13

4 930 4 676 598 225 3 773 15 589 357 467

351 26 246 10 195 144 7 824 70 135 3 895 107 644 38 170 1 984 17 752 3 025 16 578 344

354 10 525 803 12 663 8 560 1 599 7 079 15 427 7 293

290 938 201

4 133 543

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

430 278 123 11 13 3

1 469 115 1 344 112 15 5 21 50 9 200 1 358 135 156 11 266 9

94 120 16 50 90 66 6 619

18 448 190 34 171 3 024 279 1 759 646 19 293 170 177 12

11 230 30 306 115 72 384 249 63

714 755 549 304 317 789

852 733 335 350 149 607 029 001 006 217 838 739 998 757 623 021 784

422 229 686 978 358 257 249

472 799 789 525 845 916 769 029 664 576 550 371 290 648

171 095 864 454 315 811 566 921 205

7 398 764 6 218

52 652 638

Male

White

Female

223 118 85 5 12 1

27

35 20 8

14

1 5

146 20 125 9 1

107 95 14 3 33 232 7 452

16 369 163 4 171 1 383 80 1 817 678 38 295 81 233 2

3 178 10 252 108 34 174 264 126

505 647 804 480 390 184

297 342 167 170 816 373 370 778 626 015 96 622 422 274 422 183 788

777 506 770 106 136 663 498

617 131 607 873 836 619 169 900 739 911 804 846 612 030

655 035 863 494 353 562 468 437 913

5 165 841 4 309

43 590 483

619 711 728 648 422 44 425 726 186 937 27 055 830 516 315 597 180

808 461 032 882 871 383 176

788 234 674 898 000 449 429 927 457 203 245 610 358 617

594 223 422 179 105 547 234 389 185

23 831 13 668 8 927 195 888 153

9

15 4 4

6

1

51 3 47 3

3 6 1 3 10 7 403

1 38 11 3 15 109 9 113 37 1 13 6 21

1 25 2 12 10 2 10 26 8

402 889 612

6 108 277

Male

Black

948 947 667 016 189 438 346 842 589 770 920 131 411 493

033 735 053 516 227 325 698 114 874

24 720 11 249 11 184 214 1 862 211

12 209 616 11 538 942 243 24 90 520 5 1 047 18 4 283 1 645 538 52 2 131 55

5 361 8 994 1 057 712 10 386 28 018 815 695

38 11 1 19 88 2 198 68 3 25 7 38

1 35 2 17 13 3 7 40 16

499 587 619

6 727 324

Female

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990

1 412 877 464 7 64 –

4 550 250 4 233 405 34 54 69 86 21 736 – 1 086 472 420 65 785 67

323 495 64 481 775 351 28 730

198 2 409 916 116 1 240 10 048 1 466 6 683 1 500 45 681 607 1 321 40

202 2 680 288 605 596 224 876 1 698 304

30 880 331

426 376

Male

980 432 479 – 60 9

579 40 535 65 5 18 13 7 8 60 – 110 114 17 – 118 4

387 622 117 51 459 1 586 42 451

201 2 912 1 169 35 1 464 6 715 443 10 508 3 435 97 1 353 507 1 852 42

72 2 521 153 859 782 250 581 2 141 910

31 820 104

365 896

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Not of Hispanic origin

191 719 323 109 992 160 731 830 663 691 64 383 870 181 568 081 149 32 419 24 231 6 291 738 863 296

23

32 5 10

18

3

114 6 107 10

2 719 2 433 387 1 365 2 560 2 642 351 345

237 38 057 4 873 130 3 650 84 566 8 695 67 165 37 092 555 9 267 4 354 3 580 211

154 5 611 329 12 265 4 797 2 022 8 328 6 043 2 373

249 424 129

1 864 689

Male

950 378 544 025 70 – 67 548 41 708 22 566 185 697 7 608 28 16 227 9 817 4 683 529 1 139 59

2

4 1

1

13 1 12 1

2 828 1 630 381 103 1 341 7 414 269 089

108 21 044 3 051 19 2 654 35 985 3 874 82 238 48 912 1 056 10 104 2 490 5 926 53

113 3 917 190 8 614 3 247 881 3 837 6 052 3 424

179 300 52

1 631 072

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

341 231 93 9 8 –

887 79 803 77 – 14 – 19 – 115 – 209 61 74 6 228 5

38 60 25 23 80 49 4 025

45 580 133 6 144 1 014 215 955 260 – 132 110 178 –

– 187 13 95 82 32 81 40 46

3 668 –

46 041

Male

Other race

Female

127 100 27 – – –

105 – 105 9 – – – – – 28 – 51 4 – – 13 –

65 65 – – 52 200 4 232

7 276 152 6 104 744 61 1 187 493 – 138 66 108 –

8 86 10 135 80 22 35 167 108

3 188 –

38 931

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s Section Five: Census Data

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

1

541

2

542

Natural scientists Physicists and astronomers Chemists, except biochemists Atmospheric and space scientists Geologists and geodesists Physical scientists, n.e.c. Agricultural and food scientists Biological and life scientists Forestry and conservation scientists Medical scientists Health diagnosing occupations Physicians Dentists Veterinarians Optometrists Podiatrists Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.

                 Health assessment and treating occupations  Registered nurses  Pharmacists  Dietitians  Therapists  Respiratory therapists  Occupational therapists  Physical therapists  Speech therapists  Therapists, n.e.c.  Physicians’ assistants  Teachers, postsecondary  Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers  Biological science teachers  Chemistry teachers  Physics teachers  Natural science teachers, n.e.c. Psychology teachers  Economics teachers  History teachers  Political science teachers  Sociology teachers  Social science teachers, n.e.c.  Engineering teachers  Mathematical science teachers Computer science teachers  Medical science teachers  Health specialties teachers Business, commerce, and marketing teachers  Agriculture and forestry teachers  Art, drama, and music teachers  Physical education teachers  Education teachers  English teachers  Foreign language teachers  Law teachers  Social work teachers  Theology teachers  Trade and industrial teachers Home economics teachers  Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.  Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified 

MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

UNITED STATES SUMMARY 318 804 364 2 070 1 393 556 97 2 109 776 1 125 253 552 312 1 288 6 718 1 705 767 11 927 2 775 302 10 802 2 073 708 14 033 7 059 1 397 205 615 602 499 4 676 241 046

467 429 889 4 031 4 053 3 876 292 2 409 2 650 2 996 752 905 548 489 639 679 976 784 288 759 10 591 2 042 747 10 243 2 966 3 158 103 2 001 668 94 8 779 374 022

6 10 2 1 3 2

2 191 413 1 777 885 66 849 80 594 253 478 39 434 33 938 69 482 58 977 51 647 12 607

927 244 949 629 143 155 957 540 736 755 962

322 107 114 9 78 26 3 22 5 19 12

102 604 750 075 628 444 305 930 610 756 106 247 941 989 052 004 873

573 238 505 279 501 338 537 207 205 763 419 468 588 755 463 904 241

108 3 38 1 7 5 9 25 4 11 174 121 19 12 4 1 14

Female

300 24 102 7 45 13 25 36 30 15 700 465 135 35 23 7 32

Male

All persons

64 252 577 63 – 16 34 – 311 11 623

18 227 334 93 39 111 51 17 417 31

14 744 26 100 56 59 – 48 75 65 22 15

14 799 5 998 2 815 830 4 284 1 895 313 962 123 991 872

8 318 541 2 803 105 989 295 1 128 1 127 756 574 27 833 22 978 2 950 705 370 130 700

Male

14 516 1 151 23 22 4 – 36 218 9 094

– 27 142 113 12 254 75 – 237 91

12 333 16 88 46 2 8 74 17 26 23 4

077 065 869 483 939 341 874 2 330 1 385 2 009 721

63 48 2 3 7 1

3 991 120 1 701 68 281 68 348 848 123 434 8 007 5 803 1 059 262 185 58 640

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

402 999 820 641 592 966 139 728 339 420 350

247 688 751 680 093 098 702 327 757 151 992 033 417 358 938 436 810

608 9 393 2 075 2 882 85 1 878 589 75 7 606 311 883

435 486 021 193 777 251 926 714 9 441 1 752 5 9 2 1 3 1

393 551 813 3 687 3 591 3 349 272 2 224 2 272 2 841 656 776

265 84 101 5 62 19 3 18 5 15 10

262 21 84 6 43 12 22 31 27 12 597 383 122 33 21 7 29

Male

White

589 12 541 5 250 1 275 159 588 539 354 3 972 202 438

276 1 158 5 835 1 427 674 10 569 2 411 283 9 698 1 681

269 962 334 1 837 1 180 487 80 1 880 709 1 033 209 496

1 834 729 1 488 663 54 002 58 633 223 139 32 776 30 119 61 697 54 140 44 407 10 292

87 827 3 058 29 179 883 7 010 4 745 7 911 21 599 4 191 9 251 133 951 89 318 15 502 12 003 3 372 726 13 030

Female

65 448 128 173 – 59 29 19 279 14 920

65 259 515 106 68 134 148 16 465 163

18 666 – 44 110 129 7 79 75 71 53 39

593 444 440 771 817 887 333 1 607 185 2 805 1 121

25 10 3 2 7 2

10 686 470 5 679 242 421 433 849 1 149 919 524 18 579 13 707 3 549 539 205 172 407

Male

Black

835 076 277 422 038 140 666 498 612 122 022

97 620 109 70 24 18 44 93 261 15 200

11 68 352 73 38 882 198 11 431 255

19 201 – 56 45 28 9 100 10 59 – 39

190 155 4 14 16 4 1 3 2 4 1

6 435 206 2 938 63 169 433 597 1 285 185 559 9 491 7 167 1 218 296 192 127 491

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

– 15 11 17 – 8 7 – 19 1 213

14 12 30 5 7 14 25 2 40 8

1 511 – 10 7 – – 7 – 7 6 27

1 357 520 267 73 402 136 8 108 28 122 95

1 255 74 214 37 128 44 57 161 540 – 965 654 137 56 56 6 56

Male

8 56 7 – – 3 – – 35 932

11 – 57 11 – 45 22 8 43 12

1 294 – – 9 – – 19 – 7 7 2

8 447 7 004 103 475 737 157 50 189 100 241 128

397 10 93 2 27 40 52 72 56 45 387 214 53 25 11 – 84

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

10 120 175 23 18 40 9 – 557 34 159

16 505 720 282 85 274 138 10 221 54

38 642 50 190 289 339 13 51 219 12 15 48

15 606 5 213 6 594 310 2 965 1 240 164 1 129 57 375 524

17 955 1 465 9 013 215 840 455 793 2 435 225 2 514 54 770 44 881 6 494 1 085 894 160 1 256

Male

– 284 542 29 – 2 19 16 187 13 214

14 35 332 78 43 177 69 – 387 34

15 809 5 89 113 39 – 36 40 – 14 11

371 314 574 539 500 996 1 213 1 749 716 826 444

93 78 5 3 5

9 328 210 4 767 55 139 158 380 2 119 55 1 445 22 188 18 671 2 107 403 292 93 622

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

– 15 – – – – – – 7 224

– – 19 – – – – – 7 34

315 – – – – – – 9 – – –

170 70 13 4 83 31 – 6 4 42 –

112 – 45 – 30 13 8 8 8 – 280 215 41 12 – – 12

Male

Other race

– 16 – – – – – – 3 168

– – – 3 – – – – 6 –

205 9 – – – – – – – – –

954 763 24 42 125 24 16 19 24 42 –

124 – 72 4 2 – 17 7 – 22 82 74 2 – – – 6

Female

Section Five: Census Data This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

Technicians and related support occupations Health technologists and technicians Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Dental hygienists Health record technologists and technicians Radiologic technicians Licensed practical nurses Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. Technologists and technicians, except health Engineering and related technologists and technicians Electrical and electronic technicians Industrial engineering technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Engineering technicians, n.e.c. Drafting occupations Surveying and mapping technicians

               

TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS

Teachers, except postsecondary Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten Teachers, elementary school Teachers, secondary school Teachers, special education Teachers, n.e.c. Counselors, educational and vocational

       Librarians, archivists, and curators  Librarians  Archivists and curators  Social scientists and urban planners  Economists  Psychologists  Sociologists  Social scientists, n.e.c.  Urban planners  Social, recreation, and religious workers  Social workers  Recreation workers  Clergy  Religious workers, n.e.c.  Lawyers and judges  Lawyers  Judges  Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes  Authors  Technical writers  Designers  Musicians and composers  Actors and directors  Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers  Photographers  Dancers  Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.  Editors and reporters  Public relations specialists  Announcers  Athletes 

MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

678 920 015 533 047 163 763

641 887 202 174 663 176 569 103 754 324 626 991 578 541 940 648

861 760 811 140 150 326 332 994 956 863 265 299 409 787 067 169 097 865 303 118 752 962

552 204 14 291 42 589 564 24 1 084 53 37 265 99 67 101 100 5 46 131 69 47 59

2 366 270 82 1 4 36 27 119 2 095 899 345 11 27 166 263 83

041 335 430 152 649 475

189 85 79 1 10 12

49 787 37 522 12 265

1 157 5 652 269 11 219 91

Male

533 159 968 749 657 145 745 400 311 867 027 503 611 786 695 351 816 556 240 450 517 892

197 902 532 059 648 056

2 020 767 1 158 210 247 690 71 220 51 101 94 207 401 904 292 088 862 557 205 111 55 837 3 333 2 531 73 139 60 824 9 447

580 454 35 33 56 190 182 7 998 52 37 331 48 41 111 43 16 46 135 98 12 21

196 66 112 1 9 6

178 669 163 359 15 310

848 410 174 867 169 228 770

Female

3 401 263 2 372 354 51 360 146

All persons

998 388 034 710 866 130 330 800 362 091 524 570 743 390 853 808 555 511 260 963 669 425

129 501 22 809 6 696 108 648 3 893 2 535 8 929 106 692 50 524 19 754 510 1 154 8 542 16 233 4 331

4 4 2 2 3

15 8 3 6 5

60 1

27 16 1 8 1 13 12

6 293 2 433 2 792 102 351 615

2 227 1 576 651

49 117 415 27 858 9 366 573 10 905 5 230

Male

644 259 645 096 744 900 846

561 481 851 180 049 580 282 298 092 955 976 726 872 996 507 460 045 899 991 356 617 692

091 699 390 887 438 238 245 501 392 975 128 129 199 3 822 3 280 417

102 57 11 1 3 3 17 20 44 11 4

1 3 2 1 5 3 4

16

44

33 28 1 1 2 6 6

6 388 1 777 3 853 65 381 312

5 113 4 588 525

148 15 104 12 1 14 7

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

885 167 541 466 206 505 383

976 816 973 600 587 746 259 487 311 202 636 872 614 673 913 496 698 958 006 401 348 494

1 943 965 194 404 55 684 859 2 358 26 622 17 972 90 909 1 749 561 754 306 282 624 10 489 23 938 139 736 223 240 74 279

443 142 9 254 36 552 530 22 928 50 34 225 79 58 84 85 3 36 118 60 40 49

167 670 76 409 70 276 828 9 628 10 529

41 520 30 878 10 642

992 4 554 242 9 182 72

Male

White

142 514 664 996 136 832 282

1 590 905 189 66 37 82 299 229 684 161 40 2 1 56 51 7

428 319 29 29 50 167 161 6 878 49 32 293 44 35 102 37 13 35 120 84 10 19

073 466 023 717 922 757 284 763 607 145 458 816 958 919 197 797

592 329 105 439 719 094 054 040 426 161 876 142 330 682 028 148 980 664 040 347 202 826

172 717 59 302 99 107 829 8 395 5 084

153 974 140 592 13 382

2 842 207 1 970 311 43 308 113

Female

757 108 464 842 081 262 389

824 726 322 222 554 452 061 391 176 402 354 717 677 538 934 526 557 914 762 124 940 731

154 054 35 148 11 341 124 1 108 3 541 5 643 13 391 118 906 48 508 22 064 672 1 075 10 164 11 680 2 853

2 5 4 3 5

63 38 3 19 2 15 14 1 60 1 1 10 8 4 4 5

9 883 3 522 5 037 65 398 861

3 721 3 093 628

89 1 57 13 1 16 11

Male

Black

801 882 799 358 402 360 490

558 323 206 266 763 868 006 862 876 724 027 689 190 215 526 504 031 888 115 745 352 870

189 513 108 354 547 510 493 501 676 376 019 332 218 7 963 2 898 946

232 152 31 1 7 6 73 32 79 19 7

44 1 2 9 2 3 2 2 1 1 8 7 1

103 94 4 2 2 11 11

11 958 3 519 7 200 99 601 539

13 253 12 407 846

345 33 254 25 5 26 21

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

11 643 1 827 460 6 44 229 254 834 9 816 4 650 1 522 74 77 825 1 257 895

3 818 2 292 154 1 222 150 1 082 972 110 5 073 235 102 951 417 258 909 414 57 318 427 300 266 419

601 192 311 31 35 32

261 157 104

5 983 93 3 442 1 103 79 1 266 862

Male

11 282 6 942 1 019 142 683 367 3 196 1 535 4 340 1 233 374 24 25 378 310 122

5 436 4 835 213 173 215 519 445 74 4 461 189 188 1 259 131 176 753 219 172 406 399 338 114 117

789 166 573 7 26 17

846 741 105

916 126 158 451 341 1 840 1 400

16 2 11 1

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

126 041 16 491 7 958 77 505 1 852 1 131 4 968 109 550 40 791 19 406 235 1 318 7 187 11 389 1 256

12 864 4 363 277 7 244 980 6 822 6 616 206 30 274 912 649 12 013 1 827 864 3 352 2 904 230 2 058 2 800 1 308 498 859

4 551 2 769 988 126 230 438

2 046 1 812 234

19 380 132 8 410 2 710 108 8 020 1 825

Male

958 037 039 111 486 278 501 622 921 200 793 32 120 3 999 3 099 157

83 35 15 1 1 1 8 7 48 11 3

8 994 6 876 551 680 887 4 023 3 897 126 25 871 816 944 10 559 1 066 686 2 785 972 561 2 659 2 625 1 595 219 384

4 272 2 138 1 736 59 235 104

5 416 4 964 452

036 393 097 865 521 8 160 2 604

47 4 30 3

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

1 437 208 63 – – 39 34 72 1 229 545 256 11 16 87 141 34

381 175 51 142 13 94 94 – 760 21 – 176 131 64 106 21 – 106 48 22 31 34

43 10 26 – 7 –

12 6 6

556 5 300 46 – 205 74

Male

Other race

1 174 553 111 9 25 57 185 166 621 182 65 – 11 58 40 8

392 315 42 11 24 61 61 – 585 22 16 128 22 31 96 48 27 40 70 69 13 3

73 – 63 – 10 –

67 67 –

1 309 236 811 101 25 136 148

Female

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s Section Five: Census Data

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

3

543

4

544

Science technicians Biological technicians Chemical technicians Science technicians, n.e.c.

    Technicians, except health, engineering, and science  Airplane pilots and navigators  Air traffic controllers  Broadcast equipment operators  Computer programmers  Tool programmers, numerical control  Legal assistants  Technicians, n.e.c.  Sales occupations  Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations, salaried  Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations, selfemployed  Sales representatives, finance and business services  Insurance sales occupations  Real estate sales occupations  Securities and financial services sales occupations  Advertising and related sales occupations  Sales occupations, other business services  Sales representatives, commodities, except retail  Sales engineers  Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale  Sales workers, retail and personal services  Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats Sales workers, apparel  Sales workers, shoes  Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances  Sales workers, hardware and building supplies  Sales workers, parts  Sales workers, other commodities  Sales counter clerks  Cashiers  Street and door-to-door sales workers  News vendors  Sales related occupations  Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales  Auctioneers  Sales support occupations, n.e.c.  Administrative support occupations, including clerical  Supervisors, administrative support occupations  Supervisors, general office  Supervisors, computer equipment operators  Supervisors, financial records processing  Chief communications operators  Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks  Computer equipment operators  Computer operators  Peripheral equipment operators 

TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

UNITED STATES SUMMARY 150 1 013 235 404 82 89 201 350 2

285 1 475 431 397 214 84 347 1 220 41

923 628 678 917 380 720

4 482 406 214 21 33 1 933 310 115 195

929 317 209 403

24 8 7 9

134 256 253 3

574 915 914 534 617 032 593 966 278 545 364 367 449

2 363 314 82 44 102 122 135 118 626 72 596 77 69

1 179 380

60 410 407 3

15 222 517 364 12 77 2

48 36 1 9

4 484 37 361 73 84 48 39 13 1 231 137 2 259 153 44

461 903 203 700

640 698 947 631 006 653

026 948 163 915

707 364 663 233 503 840 594 127 579 528 316 560 400

348 436

494 597 515 033 700 957 392 644 208

1 050 658

1 964 716 593 043 027 205 848 108 855 788 408

480 897 495 278 650 529 195 977 154 654 7 098 126

589 3 10 8 215

408 929 668 241 109 141 175 145 643

1 055 105 36 27 447 3 62 373 7 334

966 256 939 771

022 467 700 855

67 24 18 24

Female

141 32 57 50

Male

All persons

144 961 169 014

030 432 453 905 737 434 903 142 772

411 312 359 736 418 955 799 891 306 993 276 510 856

751 078 798 042 520 69

9 649 18 184 17 849 335

401 29 16 1 1

1 161 660 71 430

194 18 8 5 6 6 7 8 46 5 69 5 4

49 370

15 52 15 14 5 3 12 50

105 892

024 273 637 626 237 102 4 906 21 243 419 068

47 2 1 1 15

9 2 3 3

Male

098 868 110 313 002 337 106 031 68

531 796 966 943 645 836 475 755 606 866 779 530 334

3 406 24 748 24 360 388

982 739 30 696 22 441 635 4 043 171

2 245 1 725 18 502

78 9 199 7 2

343 1 28 5 3 2 1

20 963

6 41 11 14 4 3 9 21

53 585

28 162 88 638 426 7 356 34 11 211 8 409 468 358

4 255 1 877 697 1 681

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

339 624 193 280 021 824 340 057 402

916 512 528 876

363 051 662 763 180 986 460 814 550

105 191 188 2

3 285 318 164 18 28 1

22 6 7 8

1 894 275 60 30 89 104 120 103 515 56 417 63 56

500 094 887 207

948 648 808 503 348 489

363 806 004 553

956 531 825 745 341 379 783 463 251 899 781 136 822

1 078 264

242 1 331 386 356 197 74 315 1 117 39

1 715 855

882 100 31 22 381 2 49 295 6 324

112 25 46 40

Male

White

358 021 620 717

614 020 631 355 452 924 658 845 041

46 314 311 2

12 125 407 285 10 64 2

42 32 1 8

3 465 32 288 56 75 41 36 11 1 019 110 1 623 129 38

141 087 723 364

043 604 303 054 031 075

220 609 079 532

438 583 743 763 874 735 323 258 766 288 658 618 829

301 804

128 888 198 366 70 79 172 303 2

898 017

104 450 155 241 471 353 165 588 116 846 5 726 154

471 3 8 6 170

52 19 14 18

Female

303 362 674 267

896 618 738 916 304 391 269 757 324

910 232 982 734 223 115

940 562 94 284

934 747 883 148 757 782 905 592 069 991 915 697 448

16 178 33 192 32 664 528

594 46 25 1 2

176 15 8 6 4 6 4 4 39 4 68 6 5

30 433

6 57 19 12 6 4 14 30

80 602

095 594 088 508 717 102 5 509 25 577 353 747

59 1 3 2 20

11 2 5 3

Male

Black

886 021 572 293

748 013 356 258 215 016 168 554 50

447 025 086 250 376 798 076 743 044 045 508 213 283

394 310 437 556 533 346 9 438 57 873 57 083 790

1 663 65 47 1 6

2 326 1 777 55 494

91 11 340 13 2

507 2 31 8 3 2 1

15 504

3 57 20 11 5 5 15 15

69 136

53 414 292 1 483 1 248 18 567 142 13 863 17 819 655 224

6 2 2 2

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

698 1 188 1 178 10

24 106 2 133 1 260 77 89 9

107 48 22 37

11 389 1 204 263 147 296 387 482 641 2 740 467 4 020 418 324

2 813

120 683 074 011 305 233 1 060 2 847 34

1 3 1 1

6 430

4 290 384 147 174 1 169 34 410 1 972 25 576

876 230 325 321

Male

191 2 430 2 388 42

86 112 2 560 1 995 87 287 –

361 276 11 74

30 087 212 1 487 357 333 248 133 149 6 109 958 18 836 880 385

1 255

921 3 748 899 1 435 211 403 800 1 258 3

5 063

2 668 19 58 104 535 – 1 125 827 41 438

439 128 126 185

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

694 355 977 362

095 636 933 401 289 018 995 880 726

347 230 18 99

796 955 483 688 767 429 584 347 487 119 525 503 909

2 833 12 421 12 306 115

172 449 10 366 5 756 561 1 178 38

83 3 4 1 1 3 1 1 22 4 35 1 1

18 154

20 29 7 11 5 1 3 18

55 049

62 065 1 021 603 629 28 700 79 1 961 29 072 207 803

6 1 1 3

Male

018 511 399 536 773 202 601 700 46

1 247 11 465 11 355 110

356 083 11 229 7 542 299 2 080 61

851 557 – 294

134 716 741 11 119 1 826 1 262 1 191 587 198 35 140 5 227 74 654 2 223 548

8 654

11 22 4 10 2 1 3 8

24 300

33 770 48 161 243 18 613 – 4 084 10 621 202 096

3 951 1 202 915 1 834

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

75 231 231 –

3 759 171 74 – 22 –

11 11 – –

2 088 166 101 70 38 100 40 32 425 76 847 103 90

346

89 623 167 209 33 46 168 348 2

888

595 33 – 24 265 – 49 224 4 047

89 47 27 15

Male

Other race

38 300 294 6

9 269 299 229 – 32 –

23 4 – 19

3 488 7 262 94 13 32 – 24 914 144 1 881 96 21

256

95 437 120 136 47 75 59 256 –

557

362 – – 16 108 – 106 132 4 856

77 7 9 61

Female

Section Five: Census Data This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Secretaries Stenographers Typists

    Information clerks  Interviewers  Hotel clerks Transportation ticket and reservation agents  Receptionists  Information clerks, n.e.c.  Records processing occupations, except financial  Classified-ad clerks  Correspondence clerks  Order clerks  Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping  Library clerks  File clerks  Records clerks  Financial records processing occupations  Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks  Payroll and timekeeping clerks Billing clerks  Cost and rate clerks  Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators  Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators  Duplicating machine operators  Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators  Office machine operators, n.e.c.  Communications equipment operators  Telephone operators  Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. Mail and message distributing occupations  Postal clerks, except mail carriers  Mail carriers, postal service  Mail clerks, except postal service  Messengers Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks  Dispatchers  Production coordinators  Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks  Stock and inventory clerks  Meter readers  Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers  Expediters  Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c.  Adjusters and investigators  Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators  Investigators and adjusters, except insurance  Eligibility clerks, social welfare  Bill and account collectors 

TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

313 101 151 5 55

023 118 592 150 163

10 858

268 747 509 680 459 565 126 324

1 332 107 133 460 451 42 43 82

638 200 150 922 313 971 620 465

440 848 588 004 316 587 729 709 670 951 722 366

402 372 405 523 122 510 022 448 921 202 137 693 090 799

972 177 385 193 056 161

826 243 430 44 107

064 521 238 356 949

22 997

888 97 119 187 260 6 37 156

40 14 3 22 210 203 6 386 157 87 105 35

192 809 910 2 116 64 599 11 771 31 965 51 924 29 524 264 608 200 750 20 343 15 783 20 177 7 555 348 018 608 722 799 670 129 568 895 290 987 396

691 4 10 164 69 118 216 108 2 136 1 721 159 152 58 45

674 781 005 758 037 093

230 49 27 79 35 39

28 13 2 12 33 29 4 646 192 240 105 107

1 347 156 69 190 787 145

485 492 563 430

4 663 841 3 966 179 72 317 625 345

Female

97 52 7 37

Male

All persons

916 839 366 538 794 379

954

735 994 932 977 722 762 332 062

20 146 4 388 10 016 965 4 777

143 6 8 62 48 3 4 7

3 332 1 646 257 1 429 3 264 2 883 381 53 906 14 744 16 706 11 381 11 075

18 402 74 111 6 963 1 086 2 433 5 751 1 984 21 900 16 669 1 524 1 480 1 442 785

19 3 2 7 3 2

8 266 4 206 255 3 805

Male

723 684 384 668 014 973

703 115 989 599

52 11 28 3 8

346 124 842 939 441

2 165

060 000 628 862 287 337 3 653 10 128

67 5 7 17 20

3 177 1 087 395 1 695 13 706 13 156 550 24 070 9 318 4 725 7 898 2 129

49 731 216 466 11 522 5 257 6 814 18 288 7 168 108 653 82 432 8 948 9 415 4 458 3 400

105 11 4 13 65 10

265 219 2 43

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

103 782 155 107 323 736

662 218 767 677

972 419 165 151 587 397 576 267

097 039 784 274 467 946 521 528 410 698 205 215

253 86 121 2 42

006 104 749 868 285

8 410

972 90 111 316 319 31 31 64

18 8 1 8 23 20 2 440 121 181 64 73

134 447 735 1 609 46 521 8 269 22 664 32 212 22 437 201 589 153 146 15 211 11 511 16 471 5 250

171 36 20 59 24 30

69 39 6 23

Male

White

590 670 974 973 087 684 248 650

572 676 485 411 137 199 938 956 243 842 900 971

189 809 023 015 204 316 256 566 438 872 392 022 780 372

383 133 367 237 492 154

643 191 336 32 82

107 533 500 190 884

16 304

691 78 96 143 197 5 27 125

28 10 2 15 152 147 4 254 86 68 71 27

512 3 8 123 52 93 149 82 1 833 1 497 131 125 44 34

1 067 117 54 153 633 109

3 888 331 3 375 482 62 441 450 408

Female

968 203 535 361 874 995

960

526 501 336 423 334 694 948 330

29 599 7 844 14 398 705 6 652

172 8 9 67 65 6 5 8

4 772 2 306 358 2 108 6 148 5 039 1 109 122 144 45 430 32 480 25 127 19 107

28 888 96 347 8 940 1 837 3 673 10 336 3 659 24 772 18 397 2 352 1 805 1 399 819

26 7 2 8 4 3

13 998 6 554 359 7 085

Male

Black

829 283 182 673 716 975

270 645 228 397

107 34 52 6 14

617 468 127 914 108

3 714

671 645 567 926 863 841 5 361 16 754

103 11 10 20 33

7 248 2 411 624 4 213 40 565 39 486 1 079 90 868 51 377 12 547 22 685 4 259

104 684 285 1 702 25 874 9 155 12 852 39 365 15 451 130 379 89 431 14 625 13 697 6 640 5 986

133 22 7 14 68 20

403 288 5 109

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

1 511 362 768 31 350

50

7 582 556 562 2 434 2 918 384 280 398

126 44 46 36 203 196 7 2 856 664 1 092 504 596

1 009 – – 322 83 212 274 118 1 094 733 181 73 90 17

1 550 700 138 305 220 187

720 400 24 296

Male

3 719 858 1 827 364 670

134

6 017 849 748 1 250 1 921 48 383 684

2 1

1 1

278 126 16 136 193 177 16 300 088 410 588 214

4 100 5 47 856 424 831 1 399 538 10 365 8 225 752 817 326 245

8 652 1 663 592 859 4 708 830

25 682 20 636 326 4 720

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

924 194 788 347 799 796

8 610 2 361 4 596 581 1 072

461

387 242 454 270 461 318 966 2 215

34 1 3 11 14

1 958 959 163 836 700 589 111 26 583 10 524 8 189 4 605 3 265

9 855 5 43 1 801 478 2 936 3 311 1 281 14 965 11 605 1 054 882 760 664

10 1 1 4 1 1

4 715 2 064 158 2 493

Male

139 311 773 580 425 050

675 516 315 844

18 605 5 332 10 608 896 1 769

658

19 801 981 3 179 3 797 6 974 61 972 3 179

1 156 543 68 545 2 524 2 385 139 14 180 9 463 1 375 2 568 774

20 089 57 167 3 115 1 953 4 566 7 544 2 687 53 033 42 452 3 346 3 619 1 875 1 741

31 3 2 7 14 3

78 60 1 16

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

151 59 65 – 27

23

1 066 35 60 425 437 10 24 52

63 24 – 39 17 17 – 551 123 125 165 138

208 – 6 52 18 47 40 45 288 200 21 32 15 20

213 63 23 100 27 –

124 50 – 74

Male

Other race

670 206 334 53 77

22

499 55 54 114 181 – 3 70

9 5 – 4 191 184 7 335 181 52 83 19

609 – – 141 129 131 170 38 1 053 790 74 123 11 55

1 246 103 87 176 701 179

2 180 1 785 18 377

Female

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s Section Five: Census Data

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

5

545

6

546

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

Launderers and ironers Cooks, private household Housekeepers and butlers Child care workers, private household Private household cleaners and servants

Private household occupations

      Protective service occupations  Supervisors, protective service occupations  Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations  Supervisors, police and detectives  Supervisors, guards  Firefighting and fire prevention occupations  Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations  Firefighting occupations  Police and detectives  Police and detectives, public service  Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers Correctional institution officers  Guards  Crossing guards  Guards and police, except public service  Protective service occupations, n.e.c.  Service occupations, except protective and household  Food preparation and service occupations  Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations Bartenders  Waiters and waitresses  Cooks  Food counter, fountain and related occupations  Kitchen workers, food preparation  Waiters’/ waitresses’ assistants  Miscellaneous food preparation occupations Health service occupations Dental assistants  Health aides, except nursing  Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants  Cleaning and building service occupations, except household  Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers  Maids and housemen  Janitors and cleaners  Elevator operators Pest control occupations  Personal service occupations  Supervisors, personal service occupations  Barbers  Hairdressers and cosmetologists 

SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

Miscellaneous administrative support occupations General office clerks Bank tellers Proofreaders Data-entry keyers Statistical clerks Teachers’ aides Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.

       

TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

403 538 882 304 043 733 662 241

943 166 064 713 354 971 337 984 684 378 871 313 677 143

287 5 45 237 2 013 117 137 1 700 9 47 464 19 66 76

1 410 49 575 780 1 3 2 029 43 17 657

1 974 174 177 1 621

3 369 159 164 1 197 987 170 159 161 370

276 402 630 768 895 491 183 437 470

2 369 117 166 290 1 085 65 52 217 373

347 504 452 561 727 103 376 619 949 433

015 121 913 981

682 018 080 485 365 989 317 121 307

8 783 420

5 135 444

330 275 14 162 832 7 063 6 267 8 316 2 318 5 998 119 808 62 106 22 871 34 831 187 989 32 495 130 370 25 124

500 044 466 159 419 170 407 763 475 078 561 836 811 818 141 852

1 754 121 28 54 38 233 14 218 702 457 95 149 697 12 655 29

396 204 329 824 088

1 2 4 21

1 8 32 159 333

534 841

3 101 736 1 226 578 457 141 23 022 556 222 99 845 245 881 493 047

Female

291 008 087 428 263

29 077

680 264 51 7 83 48 29 195

Male

All persons

287 862 781 693 390 621 403 109 428

305 13 30 255 2 4 49 1 6 9

247 241 158 573 216 059 896 653 069 090

27 244 940 3 775 22 529

421 13 13 48 191 7 8 54 83

803 674

122 436 6 026 926 2 471 2 629 11 351 623 10 728 44 625 29 165 5 498 9 962 60 434 822 57 619 1 993

37 95 465 585 5 037

6 219

61 622 27 030 6 581 302 8 486 2 966 3 880 12 377

Male

168 3 1 50

234 6 103 124

148 14 10 123

250 9 5 69 87 12 11 15 39

789 719 022 696 139 213 909 122 452 613

274 382 761 131

850 586 395 295 253 840 591 155 735

802 822

21 915 824 38 328 458 418 145 273 7 851 4 482 1 425 1 944 12 822 2 124 9 734 964

1 10 22 89

194 084 800 960 461

124 499

237 126 95 836 29 649 728 43 085 5 421 31 964 30 443

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

335 545 369 220 332 771 781 317

522 832 946 669 217 263 104 159 783 308 970 505 644 524 912 208

1 243 83 56 1 059 5 38 326 14 50 56

169 2 26 140

1 432 80 140 189 615 46 35 123 201

260 724 514 736 065 221 212 465 091 139

771 950 730 091

140 141 017 781 444 220 040 673 824

3 171 383

1 330 99 25 45 28 196 12 184 558 374 77 106 475 9 440 25

215 523 800 3 206 10 126

14 870

491 185 35 6 54 37 17 154

Male

White

649 998 860 710 764 991 417 909

2 1 574 34 13 529

769 29 282 453

1 247 145 124 977

2 594 125 150 1 025 665 134 122 118 251

461 297 901 749 837 677 372 045 885 006

415 547 471 397

481 945 210 935 954 235 155 142 905

6 185 729

223 737 9 728 697 4 756 4 275 6 344 1 691 4 653 78 703 42 260 16 816 19 627 128 962 24 068 82 110 22 784

4 9 115 125

867 101 853 450 354

255 625

2 331 918 369 19 387 76 172 385

Female

384 225 188 320 717 320 327 993 389 253 463 673 450 309 332 809 387 677 571 530 799 043 309 098 360

395 18 41 329 2 4 66 2 9 7

968 351 849 540 162 066 939 291 159 713

76 495 678 11 818 63 999

346 14 7 25 189 8 6 28 66

885 789

259 13 1 5 6 20 1 18 86 45 10 30 139 2 135 1

5 188 683 453 4 855

6 184

85 671 36 355 5 639 546 13 522 5 457 3 907 20 245

Male

Black

080 327 495 937 446 346 787 742

218 5 1 52

348 11 159 176

512 8 36 466

381 16 4 52 190 17 20 20 58

336 430 793 251 712 150 313 198 680 976

027 650 973 404

696 894 002 830 622 670 595 723 360

1 460 372

77 367 3 384 97 1 856 1 431 1 201 437 764 30 978 14 074 4 155 12 749 41 804 6 039 34 733 1 032

2 10 16 108

275 656 132 595 413

138 071

418 166 40 1 100 14 33 60

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

19 802 950 1 254 17 194 30 374 3 640 153 468 362

3 053 21 489 2 543

17 271 605 961 1 349 8 706 427 273 1 352 3 598

43 766

15 866 690 148 258 284 3 063 208 2 855 5 508 3 457 740 1 311 6 605 78 6 285 242

– 6 – 86 217

309

4 134 1 459 183 20 585 224 445 1 218

Male

460 133 147 180

313 185 929 013 234 425 021 045 461

15 815 432 7 379 7 946 30 28 15 301 364 116 3 700

19 1 1 17

30 1 1 9 11 1 1 1 3

80 889

3 014 97 – 49 48 315 31 284 1 118 573 204 341 1 484 140 1 262 82

10 30 209 1 295 1 996

3 540

18 816 7 546 1 542 66 3 242 614 2 935 2 871

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

191 904 170 102 152 122 062 999 680

779 557 297 082 204 639 17 692 741 875 2 749

46 1 7 37

11 038 577 2 215 8 246

149 7 4 25 79 3 2 9 17

224 700

24 922 1 236 258 435 543 2 063 145 1 918 6 672 4 568 856 1 248 14 951 75 14 294 582

34 196 128 78 971

1 407

36 965 13 893 4 069 216 6 020 2 236 3 599 6 932

Male

894 282 413 199

746 309 441 641 587 599 803 860 506

168 541 542 041 9 35 51 016 837 816 20 712

40 1 21 17

44 4 4 36

109 5 2 39 31 4 3 5 16

245 824

3 879 115 – 60 55 35 11 24 1 048 671 249 128 2 681 95 2 347 239

50 301 1 263 3 396 7 384

12 394

94 187 36 991 15 343 552 21 352 2 422 4 619 12 908

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

2 298 148 265 1 859 7 19 492 10 15 90

342 – 37 305

3 000 213 130 313 1 404 58 96 206 580

6 132

1 370 35 – 6 29 110 – 110 498 327 34 137 727 10 699 18

– – 11 20 57

88

676 256 41 – 98 79 50 152

Male

Other race

1 778 85 815 878 – – 1 465 53 – 426

1 945 127 148 1 670

2 596 99 103 771 715 220 152 196 340

7 784

363 14 – 14 – 3 3 – 110 46 22 42 236 29 184 23

– 32 72 128 480

712

1 878 880 252 29 333 51 159 174

Female

Section Five: Census Data This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Supervisors, mechanics and repairers Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers Automobile mechanics, except apprentices Automobile mechanic apprentices Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics Aircraft engine mechanics Small engine repairers Automobile body and related repairers Aircraft mechanics, except engine Heavy equipment mechanics Farm equipment mechanics Industrial machinery repairers Machinery maintenance occupations Electrical and electronic equipment repairers Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment Data processing equipment repairers Household appliance and power tool repairers

                   

PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS

Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations Farm operators and managers Farmers, except horticultural Horticultural specialty farmers Managers, farms, except horticultural Managers, horticultural specialty farms Other agricultural and related occupations Farm occupations, except managerial Supervisors, farm workers Farm workers Marine life cultivation workers Nursery workers Related agricultural occupations Supervisors, related agricultural occupations Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm Animal caretakers, except farm Graders and sorters, agricultural products Inspectors, agricultural products Forestry and logging occupations Supervisors, forestry and logging workers Forestry workers, except logging Timber cutting and logging occupations Fishers, hunters, and trappers Captains and other officers, fishing vessels Fishers Hunters and trappers

                         

FARMING, FORESTRY, AND FISHING OCCUPATIONS

Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities Guides Ushers Public transportation attendants Baggage porters and bellhops Welfare service aides Family child care providers Early childhood teacher’s assistants Child care workers, n.e.c. Personal service occupations, n.e.c.

         

SERVICE OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

35 714 17 646 60 2 336 5 416 1 108 4 719 2 377 1 731 321 13 795 1 133 62 461 14 551 11 921 2 190

964 977 531 806 256 914 991 437 764 288 984 140 064

164 678 79 736 50 935

1 829 936 1 263 129 60 223 29 155 28 318 24 573

185 258 22 681 162 577

566 557 675 471 770 641 587 613 162 546 354 551 974 155 713 146 964 996 560 539 573 448 862 192 339 331

905 005 758 148 205 319 409 869 419 338

1 329 863

3

3 3 3

18 166 5 54 67 37 1 7

507 153 114 3 30 4 342 175 6 150

50 22 9 84 4 40 428 324 188 157

4 085 908 247 901 3 838 007

829 808 512 261 114 921 828 460 273 123 879 185 368 452 843 059 695 319 463 529 858 076 730 149 813 768

248 281 853 801 558 871 234 059 932 901

Female

12 701 437

19 800 60 680 40 16 2 140 11 16 112 56 6 48 1

2 597 933 680 31 208 13 1 466 666 37 609

86 19 19 21 34 7 6 14 22 69

Male

All persons

270 238 466 289 674 809 625 217 977 238 59 943 408 516 017 441 094 340 383 380 661 342 024 320 604 100

12 306 4 378 3 455

169 683 92 946 125 18 918 11 435 3 686 28 132 2 596 10 071 1 774 21 235 1 522 36 835

323 481 11 577 311 904

1 148 544

2

2 4 3

7

7 172 7 151 4 9

443 33 11 3 16 1 399 227 11 207

128 495 880 623 287 808 508 1 550 2 318 10 487

7 1 1 2 4

Male

1 062 782 248

2 860 1 461 3 194 490 77 304 133 135 63 1 124 115 4 298

13 002 1 065 11 937

142 710

85 007 4 862 1 814 112 2 609 327 79 292 49 583 1 337 45 658 42 2 546 29 709 457 6 403 2 177 20 219 453 576 21 426 129 277 21 229 27

3 826 977 781 3 541 622 4 568 37 020 25 733 19 285 17 369

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

614 322 812 398 006 106 052 968 836 936 695 501 084 003 982 400 018 681 503 162 359 982 737 452 831 454

004 452 899 431 158 774 772 090 049 888

194 463 207 670 155 315 785 858 481 260 412 356 230 133 637 66 433 43 639

1 487 747 1 221 103 53 177 22 134 25 269 19 478

3 385 468 220 556 3 164 912

10 370 551

9 515 49 427 31 5 1 113 10 12 90 46 5 39 1

1 924 874 656 25 181 11 890 374 22 341

66 13 14 13 19 4 4 9 14 45

Male

White

584 630 429 139 102 960 127 636 933 723 271 709 491 265 515 883 789 039 737 500 689 548 090 150 672 268

841 609 237 499 282 407 312 067 125 057

11 039 9 149 1 637

26 839 13 404 57 1 581 3 913 812 3 862 1 691 1 315 204 10 407 800 45 971

139 201 17 395 121 806

948 709

2

2 2 3

13 121 4 41 62 11 1 5

380 143 110 3 26 3 228 106 3 88

36 16 7 68 2 24 351 244 133 113

Female

994 196 660 692 179 665 216 127 473 484 51 119 089 704 988 256 924 217 414 726 104 584 168 78 002 88

12 877 5 759 2 534

126 462 70 620 156 18 559 9 661 2 726 12 849 2 515 8 422 954 22 333 2 624 41 405

277 371 11 557 265 814

867 525

2

1 13 2

15

1 88 2 79 3 1

137 49 1 46

170 16 6 1 7

094 562 382 433 884 825 728 2 921 5 723 10 224

8 2 2 4 8 1

Male

Black

307 913 361 317 988 908 940 585 786 354

1 777 1 381 236

4 990 2 312 – 504 799 190 482 421 249 33 1 807 181 9 738

26 837 3 689 23 148

158 390

27 812 2 558 962 71 1 337 188 24 146 13 019 651 11 030 41 1 297 11 127 318 4 880 1 206 4 301 422 900 18 306 576 208 17 166 25

9 29 47 30 20

5 2 1 9

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

947 340 311

13 015 6 590 14 1 957 911 561 1 333 191 1 345 113 1 825 419 3 251

27 048 1 058 25 990

97 173

23 945 3 655 2 378 134 1 097 46 14 321 6 533 236 6 169 43 85 7 788 300 6 832 455 181 20 3 716 233 641 2 842 2 253 154 2 034 65

982 164 70 71 141 214 82 127 322 484

Male

132 69 11

310 162 – 27 45 7 29 37 3 – 93 2 487

1 379 143 1 236

11 373

4 384 806 569 27 178 32 3 181 1 672 57 1 430 – 185 1 509 83 650 390 369 17 248 – 120 128 149 4 141 4

1 086 123 76 206 15 657 2 937 2 723 1 940 1 358

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

4 782 2 795 981

32 396 18 644 29 2 595 4 012 592 3 661 1 263 1 413 187 4 021 208 13 016

70 082 3 039 67 043

209 785

33 464 6 218 3 105 733 2 085 295 24 367 7 947 717 6 683 31 516 16 420 845 14 577 491 446 61 377 19 85 273 2 502 136 2 305 61

4 011 1 597 604 1 193 2 036 250 116 360 487 2 673

Male

525 540 58

675 277 – 30 169 22 32 95 29 21 318 27 1 882

4 573 377 4 196

67 455

9 388 1 671 896 122 524 129 7 499 4 449 180 3 465 – 804 3 050 32 1 234 474 1 245 65 99 – 32 67 119 – 112 7

3 792 1 365 271 2 574 290 756 6 870 4 552 3 165 5 016

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

129 31 15

1 214 714 – 107 82 34 231 14 32 – 158 11 327

2 458 114 2 344

7 859

1 542 179 91 15 73 – 1 247 668 34 613 – 21 579 84 447 16 32 – 70 9 8 53 46 9 37 –

29 11 18 50 52 – 28 11 33 145

Male

Other race

16 – –

40 30 – – – – 10 – – – 46 8 85

266 12 254

1 226

391 30 5 – 20 5 342 254 4 240 – 10 88 – 31 16 41 – – – – – 19 – 19 –

53 18 32 11 8 23 330 209 118 184

Female

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s Section Five: Census Data

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

7

547

8

548

Telephone line installers and repairers Telephone installers and repairers Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers Locksmiths and safe repairers Office machine repairers Mechanical controls and valve repairers Elevator installers and repairers Millwrights Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. Not specified mechanics and repairers Construction trades Supervisors, construction occupations Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters Supervisors, carpenters and related workers Supervisors, electricians and power transmission installers Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Supervisors, construction n.e.c. Construction trades, except supervisors Brickmasons and stonemasons, except apprentices Brickmason and stonemason apprentices Tile setters, hard and soft Carpet installers Carpenters, except apprentices Carpenter apprentices Drywall installers Electricians, except apprentices Electrician apprentices Electrical power installers and repairers

                                Painters, construction and maintenance  Paperhangers  Plasterers  Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters, except apprentices  Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices  Concrete and terrazzo finishers  Glaziers  Insulation workers  Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators  Roofers  Sheetmetal duct installers  Structural metal workers  Drillers, earth  Construction trades, n.e.c.  Extractive occupations  Supervisors, extractive occupations  Drillers, oil well  Explosives workers  Mining machine operators  Mining occupations, n.e.c.  Precision production occupations  Supervisors, production occupations  Precision metal working occupations  Tool and die makers, except apprentices  Tool and die maker apprentices  Precision assemblers, metal  Machinists, except apprentices 

PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

UNITED STATES SUMMARY 086 412 443 311 360 540 393 207 874 247 511 054 303

481 6 74 43 71 12 194 29 73 19 175 187 47 36 8 60 33 3 258 1 069 973 139 2 31 543

639 426 944 142 460 777 098 541 885 983 447 451 578 539 872 613 849 024 504 211 502 267 912 172

7 219 153 1 001 2 453 2 952 333 3 085 421 1 453 508 5 656 5 411 1 741 533 505 1 705 927 991 248 230 133 79 163 3 312 109 9 047 25 909

43 329 4 399 849

54 109 1 337 4 146 619 14 118 515 697 12 811 42 260

88 529

868 571 903 786 777 348 015 427 266 702 582 946 697

1 598 1 610 415 18 457 125 249 2 459 42 1 286 2 410 23 163 253 3 793 15 659 684 1 689

3 14 19 147 22

3 2 46 3 1 2 1

3 422 26 509

Female

958 759 103 507 751 480 685 356 426 544 600 761 358 888 543

71 30 20 634 4 354 194

12 880 45 096

66 190 901 27 25 39 19 25 92 199 472 5 170 815

47 211 164 418

Male

All persons

991 102 527 730 541 565 565 434 721 794 177 639 707

37 868 415 14 033 3 820 11 212 1 472 28 440 1 701 5 068 1 612 19 358 14 935 2 505 3 916 608 3 708 4 198 307 489 81 527 72 101 5 186 67 3 780 39 106

83 618 918 11 650

3 226 2 678 938 41 753 449 932 20 325 55 9 009 13 312 119 732 436 22 763 37 073 881 5 161

957 3 155

4 13 69 1 1 2 1 1 2 14 43 502 52

2 676 9 029

Male

1 2

117 25 9

484 – 225 163 428 15 326 59 121 69 432 440 79 4 91 138 128 734 386 255 283 – 419 918

3 451 73 170

1

1

1 10

106 68 17 057 227 229 – 209 240 799 4 449 193 22 66

9 50

329 130 3 410 291 86 169 6 53 214 1 124 1 467 11 534 1 307

355 1 522

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

115 475 245 582 014 749 211 119 512 286 772 711 202

083 480 108 889 509 932 535 053 434 393 725 386 493 853 000

401 5 44 36 51 9 142 26 62 17 132 161 43 30 7 53 27 2 612 888 818 129 2 23 454

484 546 668 884 326 360 984 039 829 095 462 685 143 220 373 461 488 687 132 433 264 130 167 867

372 083 11 318 24 627

41 88 1 124 3 111 533 12 102

65 25 18 551 3 499 142

10 542 40 100

54 164 746 23 22 32 15 22 84 166 379 4 210 711

40 852 139 554

Male

White

62 436

641 977 812 917 547 829 734 302 549 159 775 870 634

5 732 134 448 1 893 1 826 247 2 224 326 1 092 364 4 182 4 298 1 484 503 313 1 340 658 687 340 172 129 55 458 2 533 91 4 998 18 035

35 944 4 226 521

1 343 1 388 363 15 042 99 236 1 582 37 983 1 926 18 744 150 2 975 11 705 580 1 395

2 11 14 117 18

2 1 35 2 1 1

2 387 19 118

Female

33 134 306 971 743 236 744 328 455 040 893 19 652 7 864 1 239 1 669 700 2 627 1 629 231 402 77 393 53 191 3 377 40 3 621 32 245 14 1 7 1 18 1 4

46 459 302 5 356

2 497 1 853 741 30 730 312 956 28 187 87 3 008 6 053 65 242 224 8 923 35 050 891 9 672

1 163 948

4 886 9 184 63 806 799 1 251 2 979 2 287 1 184 4 647 13 107 37 552 350 888 37 932

2 855 12 494

Male

Black

1 4

116 24 9

846 19 314 299 623 71 437 26 198 69 796 537 150 8 74 178 127 738 829 581 322 9 915 168

2 671 49 142

2

1

1 12

114 117 19 923 069 621 5 61 173 923 77 283 102 75 189

9 27

655 410 6 022 344 85 254 239 72 408 1 938 2 682 14 278 2 209

512 5 177

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

4 179 52 876 237 859 132 2 833 193 1 284 309 2 578 2 265 403 665 165 581 451 20 062 5 145 6 727 448 20 222 3 093

4 425 87 281

1

2 3

13

4 42 1

318 324 120 059 544 455 – 346 821 751 57 587 970 124 108

81 352

470 1 201 6 279 61 173 200 96 140 519 1 421 3 669 47 798 5 254

327 856

Male

58 – 14 35 59 – 90 3 21 6 96 89 7 18 19 31 14 8 062 1 483 1 708 12 9 96 239

484 29 16

11 11 16 152 1 637 24 – – 34 342 22 86 200 7 11

– 16

101 18 326 22 27 – 20 – 52 87 118 1 843 206

33 141

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

782 409 196 819 950 465 8 894 709 618 151 007 437 139 575

137 514

561 357 045 121 361 033 204 292 464 533 037 807 857

4 694 107 363 443 801 59 1 359 149 642 74 1 302 620 279 57 20 205 59 84 276 16 818 22 158 1 207 10 1 072 13 507

8 479 170 305

1 9

13

5 46 1

3 8 54 7

1

1 2 15 1

467 2 430

Male

92 – – 63 16 – 8 7 21 – 135 39 21 – – 18 – 60 565 6 123 3 047 162 – 606 527

748 22 –

24 26 – 266 1 954 3 – 33 29 299 – – 450 – 28

8 –

142 25 1 269 212 27 96 16 – 43 388 487 2 278 324

114 503

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

280 – 33 15 26 10 154 4 22 – 95 82 9 12 6 31 24 2 108 489 601 20 – 50 354

633 16 41

52 15 – 257 2 860 116 – 46 97 808 7 95 335 – 27

– 27

63 93 541 18 20 14 30 38 11 106 304 3 211 351

34 55

Male

Other race

7 – – – – – – – – – 15 8 – – 8 – – 809 183 114 – – 13 22

31 – –

– – – 17 126 – – – 8 56 – – 9 – –

– –

– 11 64 – 5 – – – – 6 53 143 17

21 48

Female

Section Five: Census Data This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Machine operators and tenders, except precision Metal working and plastic working machine operators Lathe and turning machine set-up operators Lathe and turning machine operators Milling and planing machine operators Punching and stamping press machine operators Rolling machine operators Drilling and boring machine operators Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators Forging machine operators Numerical control machine operators Miscellaneous metal, plastic, stone, and glass working machine operators Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. Metal and plastic processing machine operators Molding and casting machine operators Metal plating machine operators Heat treating equipment operators Miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators

                  

OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS

Machinist apprentices Boilermakers Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners Patternmakers and model makers, metal Lay-out workers Precious stones and metals workers (Jewelers) Engravers, metal Sheet metal workers, except apprentices Sheet metal worker apprentices Miscellaneous precision metal workers Precision woodworking occupations Patternmakers and model makers, wood Cabinet makers and bench carpenters Furniture and wood finishers Miscellaneous precision woodworkers Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers Dressmakers Tailors Upholsterers Shoe repairers Miscellaneous precision apparel and fabric workers Precision workers, assorted materials Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers Patternmakers, lay-out workers, and cutters Optical goods workers Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians Bookbinders Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. Precision food production occupations Butchers and meat cutters Bakers Food batchmakers Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers Inspectors, testers, and graders Adjusters and calibrators Plant and system operators Water and sewage treatment plant operators Power plant operators Stationary engineers Miscellaneous plant and system operators

                                        

PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS Con.

United States

539 421 538 167 178 235 293 892 388 171 394 964 105 379 632 107 076 449 820 861 959 009 174 759 639 437

119 6 29 57 20 6 265 16 17 33 34 13 104 45 331 224 86 21 105 99 5 296 58 34 153 49

4 8 29 21 4 1

20 18 132 68 31 17 15 977

2 982

399 535 677 187 288 220

19 582 970 273

105 876 16 076 1 363 929 127 690 281 109 323

958 805 690 442 983 31 115 1 976 4 375

2 231 70 2 4

768 227 770 088 806 351 767 201

3 450 107

981 837 269 771 850 254 078 165 502 736 570 969 301 835 280 795 096 389 835 044 791 135 095 253 602 185

3 176 317 26 32 5 79 11 17

152 90 27 16 7 10 303 3 5 41 22 15 205 8 160 54 73 32 34 32 2 17 3 2 7 4

107 587 1 691 265 2 153 20 835 6 499 8 060 86 503 13 643 323 4 620 8 396 304

Female

5 185 397

1 97 2 67 25 1

436 706 378 177 834 995 659 431 865 877 016 976 251 035 754

1 23 21 5 14 40 10 135

Male

All persons

999 883 903 805 601 807 376 249 992 983 922 273 168 789 404 788 436 180 958 587 371 497 952 717 358 470

490 568 811 238 817 124 2 632

1 2 16 7 5 1

13 934 1 043 133

314 605 389 868 399 7 418 897 1 034

437 30 2 1

681 514

16 2 1 7 4

2 3 1 16 6 59 36 18 4 6 6

34 2

25 1 7 11 3

101 1 415 1 039 191 629 8 746 899 10 702 100 140 10 627 159 6 531 3 796 141

Male

580 856 209 200 805 510 155 390 804 212 417 837 184 311 605 712 408 485 106 672 434 013 89 143 538 243

235

339 744 2 670 1 855 499 81

1 775 46 23

327 447 5 656 213 319 48 2 442 123 328

493 093

1

3 1 1 30 1 17 6 6 4 3 2

1 39

21 13 4 1

12 23 52 33 116 3 340 405 654 – – 634 – 274 343 17

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

990 164 675 754 712 685 347 402 440 933 645 008 041 878 771 350 020 401 840 823 017 493 091 878 657 867

224 843 165 782 694 865 082 112 682 556 681 694 826 727 434

513 726 164 916 868 117 538 713

331 056 959 925 106 314 10 614

17 13 98 52 21 14

78 869 13 108 1 102

2 242 251 22 27 4 62 9 14

3 700 481

75 3 15 39 12 4 190 13 15 26 25 11 64 33 225 159 52 14 86 81 5 247 49 29 129 38

1 79 2 56 18 1

1 19 19 4 11 26 9 114

Male

White

509 918 208 890 901 592 764 398 419 050 152 252 165 328 260 948 950 362 073 274 799 105 434 704 715 252

319 296 270 960 171 849 2 290

3 6 22 15 3

14 596 796 189

448 094 108 561 769 23 872 1 477 3 407

1 388 54 2 3

2 176 492

100 57 16 13 5 6 199 2 3 34 18 11 124 6 110 29 55 24 25 23 1 13 2 1 5 3

75 445 1 412 192 1 577 14 137 5 580 5 880 60 443 11 042 267 3 958 6 586 231

Female

699 993 828 806 045 731 2 246

1 1 13 6 3 1

10 687 1 688 85

125 776 799 643 331 8 392 1 216 1 236

397 28 1 1

635 330

10 794 544 3 169 4 483 2 103 495 20 531 892 509 1 858 1 920 1 282 11 109 2 961 32 693 19 938 10 585 2 170 7 821 7 517 304 24 075 5 103 2 403 11 615 4 954

57 2 089 799 169 2 044 1 226 422 6 917 58 127 4 904 82 2 739 1 972 111

Male

Black

333 336 862 409 685 041 034 232 414 767 539 347 831 904 977 752 941 284 758 285 473 455 468 332 028 627

376

623 1 206 3 992 2 881 469 266

2 587 114 24

396 711 9 439 337 477 129 4 251 339 558

599 509

1

2

24 14 7 2 4 4

2 1 2 25

1 34

14 8 2 1

18 106 201 30 343 833 347 1 216 26 47 1 771 48 354 1 343 26

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

169

110 70 947 500 214 64

713 81 –

21 208 1 887 85 178 31 572 46 71

37 875

1

2

2 1

1

635 51 52 349 129 54 527 117 73 140 210 77 691 219 276 671 468 137 576 529 47 561 530 418 128 485

11 223 165 12 149 1 499 41 812 11 21 615 10 412 149 44

Male

37

29 45 221 132 50 2

170 – –

17 065 556 7 13 15 257 15 50

27 011

827 565 57 112 50 43 2 052 36 9 206 95 59 1 591 56 1 419 677 488 254 252 234 18 230 50 62 97 21

2 13 – – 31 1 194 25 87 – – 91 – 9 52 30

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

293

294 414 1 994 754 857 90

1 586 156 43

75 594 4 085 331 478 168 830 70 129

125 506

6 010 771 2 688 743 1 618 190 18 277 204 363 1 231 2 679 320 11 990 1 490 11 096 6 155 4 424 517 3 565 3 353 212 5 232 483 335 3 812 602

39 136 191 23 312 2 579 215 2 820 14 33 1 120 31 701 364 24

Male

44

89 244 499 334 99 22

425 14 37

100 049 994 25 72 22 271 13 26

150 422

15 685 10 141 3 928 155 404 1 057 27 822 109 842 1 486 1 335 465 23 357 228 5 876 2 629 2 277 970 1 614 1 559 55 314 54 12 217 31

– – 26 10 83 1 257 142 221 – 13 84 8 25 51 –

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

23

5 26 151 58 70 –

87 – –

3 014 148 2 5 9 22 – 18

4 691

111 8 51 33 15 4 235 28 11 26 18 4 106 42 392 205 143 44 60 52 8 151 15 8 69 59

4 – 19 – 6 80 – 68 – – 69 – 42 27 –

Male

Other race

–

– – 25 25 – –

29 – –

2 238 66 – – – 22 9 6

3 580

47 21 5 5 5 11 251 – 14 15 32 9 173 8 143 77 32 34 32 20 12 18 – – 7 11

– – – – 3 74 – 2 – – 21 – – 21 –

Female

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s Section Five: Census Data

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

9

549

10

550

Woodworking machine operators Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators Sawing machine operators Shaping and joining machine operators Nailing and tacking machine operators Miscellaneous woodworking machine operators Printing machine operators Printing press operators Photoengravers and lithographers Typesetters and compositors Miscellaneous printing machine operators

           Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators  Winding and twisting machine operators  Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators  Textile cutting machine operators  Textile sewing machine operators  Shoe machine operators  Pressing machine operators  Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators  Miscellaneous textile machine operators  Machine operators, assorted materials  Cementing and gluing machine operators  Packaging and filling machine operators  Extruding and forming machine operators  Mixing and blending machine operators  Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators  Compressing and compacting machine operators  Painting and paint spraying machine operators  Roasting and baking machine operators, food  Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators  Folding machine operators  Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food  Crushing and grinding machine operators  Slicing and cutting machine operators  Motion picture projectionists  Photographic process machine operators  Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c.  Manufacturing, nondurable goods  Manufacturing, durable goods  Nonmanufacturing industries  Machine operators, not specified Manufacturing, nondurable goods  Manufacturing, durable goods  Nonmanufacturing industries  Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations  Welders and cutters  Solderers and brazers  Assemblers  Hand cutting and trimming occupations  Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations  Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations  Hand engraving and printing occupations  Miscellaneous hand working occupations  Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers  Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners  Production testers  Production samplers and weighers  Graders and sorters, except agricultural 

OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS Con.

United States

UNITED STATES SUMMARY 205 157 788 180 345 735 529 657 861 641 370

250 549 074 052 543 729 377 837 070 546 668 976 822 356 325 796 229 699 357 554 879 811 210 563 760 490 313 976 549 293 134 743 596 320 566 378 792 865 417 809 886 026 360 285 215

21 4 93 10 54 82 55 1 860 20 112 23 97 61 17 116 3 7 6 90 36 133 8 49 411 164 189 57 662 190 314 158 1 611 613 9 892 10 18 30 8 27 396 294 40 5 57

341 153 19 579

132 7 82 4 2 35 374 293 35 21 23

Male

7 157 66 13 50 27

23 1 12 1

432 054 117 864 874 523 616 124 245 712 535

Female

973 290 725 192 868 368 962

293 118 125 50 780 30 18 681 6 7 14 6 15 437 330 19 5 80

5 8 54 1 52 199 72 87 40 889 677 191 021 910 382 917 413 127 617 193 437 824 239 982 784 505 968

919 653 070 546 729 707 060 622 025

474 316 699 233 165 808 997 852 952 3 209 13 730

865 12 168 4 13 7 4 19

38 3 690 24 93 136 37

1 076 419 51 041

All persons

316 434 520 362 631 814 009 232 313 252 986 088 937 569 684 720 706 10 459

101 29 47 24 207 67 3 123 2 2 3 1 3 36 22 2

5 583 4 335 23 332 579 4 596 63 723 21 210 34 156 8 357

232 569 926 755 883 105 713 267 564 1 086 900

274 3 23 1 10 5 1 21

2 216 840 621 355 597 090 737

32 1 10 15 5

68 986 530

10 003 396 5 821 392 350 3 044 34 109 28 472 2 528 1 277 1 832

Male

1 59 34 1 2 21

1

48 18 20 8 105 3 3 93

464 792 918 754 905 677 118 822 909 841 255 504 779 741 393 704 125 519

352 672 9 493 46 4 031 31 383 11 669 15 493 4 221

137 626 1 280 34 395 348 1 349 845 443 2 257 112 509 1 647

1 496 448 539 701 651 840 508

123 1 15 21 2

167 869 686

2 038 32 1 355 75 92 484 10 844 6 173 797 1 920 1 954

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

724 085 402 417 670 150 683 614 245 625 199

448 126 215 107 1 156 478 4 602 6 14 23 6 19 301 231 31 3 34

71 27 90 7 37 277 113 124 39

1 278 12 64 19 67 48 12 80 2 5 4

13 2 39 7 30 46 38

793 017 776 000 126 483 954 851 110 391 221 556 560 842 636 592 894 720

653 337 601 671 094 687 627 564 496

553 421 667 181 044 174 841 609 678 143 959

893 758 485 788 018 523 249

192 812 14 098

105 6 65 3 1 29 301 232 31 18 19

Male

White

721 167 544 447 429 314 486

181 74 78 29 503 20 12 434 2 5 11 5 10 284 227 13 2 40

4 6 33 1 41 123 43 52 27 651 093 000 558 227 511 566 129 876 730 319 400 696 817 642 859 577 739

339 238 194 344 828 345 143 709 493

130 893 970 402 844 391 404 068 593 2 084 8 542

542 8 94 3 8 5 3 14

26 2 383 20 47 75 25

615 037 33 929

18 062 850 8 955 1 563 681 6 013 130 559 50 983 11 235 45 618 22 723

Female

520 510 511 237 772 414 428 799 508 837 660

9

3 42 29 3

133 1 1 2

91 29 40 21 195 51

692 680 502 510 348 767 729 334 385 707 676 474 276 857 069 310 552 926

11 681 4 084 16 108 424 4 439 56 416 25 345 23 738 7 333

251 3 19 2 17 7 2 11

4 587 824 14 820 736 9 242 14 618 10 339

59 766 4 600

13 432 510 9 641 283 256 2 742 27 810 23 741 1 371 941 1 757

Male

Black

14

2 72 54 2

1

51 21 20 9 129 5 1 116 1

857 551 776 530 907 297 888 006 779 775 148 411 603 891 976 501 499 915

1 034 1 500 9 100 69 4 593 37 093 14 613 15 571 6 909

151 314 1 819 32 183 425 2 425 1 418 1 036 2 925 238 523 3 076

9 384 602 961 722 448 095 030

120 1 27 31 9

215 752 15 510

2 746 135 1 445 199 97 870 12 262 7 166 900 2 107 2 089

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

130 029 879 222 155 770 54 6 467 149 126 321 52 216 2 512 1 664 173 34 641

4 1 1 1 14 6

733 412 1 234 13 288 2 744 1 099 1 132 513

12 871 240 851 168 677 311 138 795 33 70 34

216 28 500 66 310 464 315

2 008 109

1 749 100 1 241 54 33 321 1 676 1 358 102 90 126

Male

1 882 710 778 394 6 436 378 191 5 304 92 61 164 38 208 3 510 2 476 162 24 848

92 121 491 8 392 1 538 559 659 320

6 297 118 1 113 12 90 85 65 172 3 28 87

427 22 5 460 115 662 1 290 444

8 815 395

277 29 134 15 4 95 854 373 81 215 185

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

1

12 8 2

25

16 4 8 3 37 8

304 143 282 879 060 346 555 835 404 289 607 247 777 852 789 554 88 421

674 370 2 480 118 2 720 10 516 3 294 5 650 1 572

41 789 262 3 433 294 1 531 810 225 1 800 13 93 146

314 95 5 508 100 4 295 5 952 670

17 176 242

1 197 66 610 34 33 454 8 939 7 184 608 697 450

Male

2

15 11 1

1 31

9 3 4 1 34

671 452 502 717 534 476 128 390 471 199 286 84 500 839 218 525 271 825

100 122 1 753 71 1 879 6 059 2 001 3 024 1 034

27 008 206 5 782 46 426 58 38 397 6 59 335

914 51 56 632 156 2 589 6 666 489

68 013 516

293 8 212 12 – 61 2 998 1 372 219 836 571

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

741 246 334 161 1 423 416 19 847 17 27 54 – 43 254 184 11 11 48

33 16 124 6 73 477 185 250 42

1 872 68 158 33 69 8 11 55 – – –

24 4 140 7 81 82 67

405 –

100 – 73 – 3 24 312 288 7 11 6

Male

Other race

364 79 217 68 901 43 26 762 – 11 21 – 38 441 277 33 9 122

2 – 39 8 6 289 75 166 48

1 099 – 256 – 31 11 11 33 – 6 43

31 – 589 51 89 163 5

933 5

16 – 16 – – – 99 57 13 16 13

Female

Section Five: Census Data This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

Unemployed, no recent civilian work experience



EXPERIENCED UNEMPLOYED NOT CLASSIFIED BY OCCUPATION

Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators Supervisors, motor vehicle operators Truck drivers Driver-sales workers Bus drivers Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs Parking lot attendants Motor transportation occupations, n.e.c. Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles Rail transportation occupations Railroad conductors and yardmasters Locomotive operating occupations Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. Water transportation occupations Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats Sailors and deckhands Marine engineers Bridge, lock, and lighthouse tenders Material moving equipment operators Supervisors, material moving equipment operators Operating engineers Longshore equipment operators Hoist and winch operators Crane and tower operators Excavating and loading machine operators Grader, dozer, and scraper operators Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

                               Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c.  Helpers, mechanics, and repairers  Helpers, construction, and extractive occupations  Helpers, construction trades  Helpers, surveyor  Helpers, extractive occupations  Construction laborers  Production helpers  Freight, stock, and material handlers Garbage collectors  Stevedores  Stock handlers and baggers  Machine feeders and offbearers  Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c.  Garage and service station related occupations  Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners  Hand packers and packagers  Laborers, except construction  Manufacturing, nondurable goods  Manufacturing, durable goods  Transportation, communications, and other public utilities  Wholesale and retail trade  All other industries 

OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS Con.

United States

445 737

119 224 278 875 214 819

990 613 032 768 221 043 482 835 524 407 133 754 986 244 429 731 183 445 302 225

13 20 88 81 4 2 1 103 29 1 364 57 11 726 56 512 241 203 130 1 007 156 238

678 258 680 836 454 390 298 148 396 502 350 608 223 713 798 785 158 721 247 630

554 214

14 387 69 948 55 509

303 30 60 28 28 238 283 74 69

46 8 397 2

1 1 4 3

1 1 1 27 12 1 038

52 1 4

2 1

7 4 2 1

444 12 175 14 215 22 4

959 642 332 416 166 439 783 181 375 527 433 222 570 302 848 041 953 49 805 070 438 816 72 469 975 575 122 829 774 920

504 404

948 709 620 937 404 894 776 608 732 319 140 744 689 746 413 956 992 103 362 890 365 996 331 831 850 408 758 030 321 264

3 392 67 2 733 128 232 184 41 3 183 117 35 44 32 4 66 31 24 4 5 1 017 22 236 4 19 79 94 63 414 82 4 203

Female

4 594 570

Male

All persons

650 191 313 966 179 168 082 115 220 535 611 464 167 443 703 295 814 566 170 066

262 652 989 332 176 911 641 561 675 209 066 540 352 251 466 756 399 109 202 910 377 325 446 454 795 622 561 657 673 949

84 818

14 906 37 501 31 923

188 6 134 6 1 67 5 53 22 34 30 138 23 31

1 4 15 14

2 4 4 2 53 6 575

91 1 15

1

2

6 4 1 1 1

310 4 240 8 19 27 8

408 847

Male

104 939

1 794 9 343 7 733

22 2 5 2 3 44 38 10 9

5 1 31

129 162 340 317 7 16 365 459 233 216 66 914 940 097 164 643 227 848 585 393

23 813 671 10 690 850 8 967 2 088 541 6 431 283 173 64 40 6 148 38 85 – 25 5 151 35 452 8 35 116 78 51 1 974 2 402 127 570

29 395

Female

Hispanic origin (of any race)

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

866 300 841 460 766 615 189 353 326 823 737 294 304 168 379 739 818 895 384 227

950 538 910 556 330 972 280 364 956 804 142 888 882 892 152 645 199 712 596 491 860 053 476 667 491 036 979 034 895 706

194 786

78 184 197 159 136 941

9 13 60 55 3 1 744 18 976 31 5 547 40 351 187 125 71 683 102 169

2 540 54 2 106 110 143 101 21 2 158 100 31 37 27 3 58 29 20 3 4 781 18 200 2 15 63 83 55 278 63 2 891

3 481 397

Male

White

474 181 885 430 415 515 916 132 229 032 617 841 440 134 197 907 708 40 542 759 177 406 64 328 354 285 901 163 081 137

250 399

8 398 47 425 34 392

1 147 883 3 788 3 036 387 365 33 252 4 959 304 056 1 435 186 239 602 20 457 42 376 23 142 18 613 148 174 184 123 45 976 47 932

20 8 722

1 1

36 1 3

2

5 3 1

345 10 140 12 163 15 2

387 462

Female

010 426 028 629 180 219 635 225 669 060 316 148 069 076 987 980 446 882 372 933

292 268 125 879 209 642 555 614 200 163 528 881 227 527 037 796 586 199 456 918 801 415 226 230 358 257 035 605 991 288

141 597

22 843 35 472 38 262

145 4 217 18 3 90 10 96 23 38 22 155 26 32

2 2 10 9

124 1 16 1 1 10 5 4 74 9 623

2

4

15 11 2 4 3

469 7 337 7 64 42 9

609 410

Male

Black

169 624

3 552 10 291 10 955

31 5 11 2 5 36 49 14 10

6 1 50

342 143 460 417 43 – 256 194 193 779 92 671 971 680 586 342 442 723 896 029

67 099 1 589 19 707 837 39 669 4 274 985 38 1 438 1 061 561 248 90 162 377 81 104 9 183 8 872 168 706 – 106 458 187 114 5 119 2 014 152 681

77 409

Female

Not of Hispanic origin

13

7 782

1 623 2 238 3 842

10 1 1

4 2 1

4

10

106 274 965 862 62 41 235 280 934 561 160 907 607 699 309 553 964 858 233 922

24 434 325 19 792 503 2 324 1 262 184 44 1 326 577 114 257 149 57 749 395 250 23 81 11 487 153 3 467 83 370 680 1 074 910 3 753 997 41 478

37 247

Male

296 431 789

7 895

1 2

2

3

25 48 64 45 10 9 843 92 135 46 6 353 233 497 332 335 628 617 571 530

4 770 81 2 044 133 2 126 306 75 5 117 57 30 27 – – 60 – 29 – 31 681 18 161 – – 7 13 39 331 112 9 119

5 568

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Table 1. Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 Con.

16 269

1 502 6 206 3 602

6 4 2 3 17 2 2

16

24

11

332 400 850 816 34 – 392 831 143 347 287 246 832 431 847 935 948 207 999 898

45 699 920 27 157 1 593 3 168 10 831 2 005 25 1 495 522 276 152 75 19 973 353 533 60 27 7 495 161 1 625 100 91 502 365 261 3 693 697 66 885

54 689

Male

20 655

332 2 372 1 607

7 8 2 1

1

6

8

35 22 28 21 7 – 575 444 391 18 – 780 572 021 549 802 387 097 148 638

3 503 120 1 892 145 833 256 257 – 151 94 52 42 – – 57 15 27 – 15 545 40 91 – – 40 12 – 210 152 26 330

4 199

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

485

166 299 249

26 22 35 35 – – 949 31 1 232 81 22 695 7 427 204 229 193 1 037 144 179

2 311 6 1 647 74 197 276 111 – 80 44 14 26 4 – 36 11 25 – – 589 13 111 – 19 24 54 12 288 68 3 958

2 980

Male

Other race

702

15 86 33

– – – – – – 7 – 388 8 – 288 50 42 25 50 300 313 71 108

300 – 114 21 156 – 9 – 9 – – – – – 9 – – – 9 62 – – – – – – 17 32 13 1 083

371

Female

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s Section Five: Census Data

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

11

551

Section Five: Census Data

Table 2.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

66 986 201

56 487 249

55 699 109

45 826 627

6 247 539

6 847 642

459 892

391 420

1 918 998

1 684 082

2 660 663

1 737 478

Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations

8 448 483

6 170 674

7 630 041

5 345 826

411 472

507 260

32 624

33 683

254 287

184 348

120 059

99 557

Legislators Chief executives and general administrators, public administration Administrators and officials, public administration Administrators, protective services Financial managers Personnel and labor relations managers Purchasing managers Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations Administrators, education and related fields Managers, medicine and health

7 431

5 285

6 302

4 399

612

631

335

115

129

58

53

82

154 777 354 488 861 032 412 101 430

120 119 190 842 355 938 983 226 523

224 758 451 971 243 743 619 544 258

130 377 309 806 018 537 921 172 622

Civilian labor force 16 years and over

MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS

13 275 35 343 141 80 415 295 78

788 864 201 630 246 136 411 274 099

5 230 14 292 134 40 193 328 155

235 819 072 281 249 639 698 338 522

11 238 31 315 121 74 393 257 65

591 091 659 117 111 513 106 136 703

3 184 11 260 113 35 179 274 131

869 657 348 880 557 500 343 088 261

1 25 2 12 10 2 10 26 8

617 425 449 417 413 592 360 745 360

1 36 2 17 13 3 7 40 17

039 056 070 858 498 381 798 565 170

202 2 813 288 637 618 256 914 1 748 348

77 2 610 155 895 821 283 653 2 287 946

Postmasters and mail superintendents Managers, food serving and lodging establishments Managers, properties and real estate Funeral directors Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. Managers and administrators, n.e.c., salaried Managers and administrators, n.e.c., self-employed Management related occupations Accountants and auditors Underwriters Other financial officers Management analysts Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. Business and promotion agents Construction inspectors Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction Management related occupations, n.e.c.

21 572 221 39 201 3 355 313 2 037 751 21 328 186 217 14

614 095 625 393 002 970 599 105 840 949 204 724 138 336

18 458 189 6 203 1 585 90 2 218 838 45 351 95 296 2

232 556 841 093 071 636 788 319 338 818 071 065 487 962

18 473 198 34 177 3 107 288 1 815 666 19 301 173 184 13

973 859 794 994 228 913 654 297 140 893 317 726 670 025

16 384 169 4 176 1 428 82 1 883 702 40 306 83 243 2

869 362 631 978 341 336 753 654 298 235 963 900 372 188

1 39 12 3 15 111 9 116 38 1 13 6 21

824 149 334 917 195 904 657 502 187 237 565 725 800 617

39 11 1 19 90 2 201 69 3 26 7 38

957 419 876 016 562 208 369 787 768 823 293 231 857 510

209 2 600 1 010 116 1 307 10 608 1 555 7 060 1 589 45 727 627 1 406 40

203 3 088 1 254 35 1 561 7 165 464 11 071 3 614 115 1 415 522 1 942 42

249 38 685 4 974 140 3 857 85 999 8 819 68 826 37 734 575 9 478 4 441 3 781 226

116 21 413 3 156 19 2 802 37 094 3 950 84 444 49 971 1 099 10 372 2 562 6 191 53

359 17 802 4 513 226 3 415 39 546 4 914 29 420 8 190 199 3 117 1 205 5 481 428

87 10 274 3 924 45 2 805 22 833 1 252 37 363 12 687 546 6 028 850 6 125 169

107 135 19 60 112 82

051 474 569 087 130 603

121 111 16 4 49 285

348 493 923 197 147 470

97 123 17 53 94 69

931 680 428 044 987 456

110 98 15 3 35 241

781 479 131 229 219 859

3 6 1 4 11 7

874 587 125 000 131 654

5 427 9 055 1 073 721 10 545 28 484

326 533 95 493 789 390

433 644 117 51 459 1 717

2 868 2 547 414 1 414 2 651 2 697

2 861 1 728 381 103 1 434 7 689

2 052 2 127 507 1 136 2 572 2 406

1 846 1 587 221 93 1 490 5 721

Professional specialty occupations

7 706 256

410 505

355 851

275 268

94 697

115 393

Engineers, architects, and surveyors Architects Engineers Aerospace Metallurgical and materials Mining Petroleum Chemical Nuclear Civil Agricultural Electrical and electronic Industrial Mechanical Marine and naval architects Engineers, n.e.c. Surveyors and mapping scientists

1 695 133 1 551 131 17 6 22 57 10 235 2 420 151 176 12 308 10

690 212 961 786 021 063 908 163 108 162 012 471 859 092 776 540 517

180 23 156 11 2

Mathematical and computer scientists Computer systems analysts and scientists Operations and systems researchers and analysts Actuaries Statisticians Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.

503 326 144 12 15 4

806 831 484 416 744 331

Natural scientists Physicists and astronomers Chemists, except biochemists Atmospheric and space scientists Geologists and geodesists Physical scientists, n.e.c. Agricultural and food scientists Biological and life scientists Forestry and conservation scientists Medical scientists

300 24 102 7 45 13 25 36 30 15

Health diagnosing occupations Physicians Dentists Veterinarians Optometrists Podiatrists Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. Health assessment and treating occupations Registered nurses Pharmacists Dietitians Therapists Respiratory therapists Occupational therapists Physical therapists Speech therapists Therapists, n.e.c. Physicians’ assistants

12

552

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

8 941 432

6 814 728

7 678 901

827 439

30 475

44 431

577 790 607 705 422 44 449 754 186 113 27 370 851 627 323 736 180

12 376 639 11 682 942 243 24 90 520 5 1 094 18 4 320 1 659 559 52 2 156 55

4 793 274 4 452 431 34 54 75 86 21 771 – 1 156 472 448 65 839 67

621 48 569 65 5 18 13 7 8 64 – 133 114 17 – 125 4

099 555 938 542 865 199

24 338 13 964 9 111 195 915 153

25 127 11 406 11 416 214 1 880 211

1 483 915 497 7 64 –

1 013 446 498 – 60 9

32 708 24 390 6 414 745 863 296

90 489 3 137 30 240 934 7 191 4 813 8 132 22 216 4 245 9 581

10 776 479 5 732 242 421 433 869 1 151 919 530

6 539 206 3 008 63 183 433 597 1 292 191 566

1 333 85 228 37 128 44 87 168 556 –

418 14 93 2 36 40 55 72 61 45

18 162 1 480 9 115 215 848 467 814 2 468 231 2 524

19 068 14 130 3 604 550 205 172 407

9 803 7 408 1 262 302 200 127 504

1 055 727 149 56 56 6 61

425 252 53 25 11 – 84

1 479 598 267 88 425 154 8 108 28 127 101

8 871 7 363 111 475 794 157 71 198 102 266 128

833 662 283 648 209 415 657 157 693 646 136 552 474 780 493 423 888

1 507 120 1 376 115 15 5 21 51 9 206 1 367 139 159 11 272 10

087 541 473 649 430 731 477 104 172 163 903 566 045 458 742 033 073

151 21 129 9 1

275 144 107 6 16 1

701 459 334 316 108 484

440 284 126 11 13 3

712 776 926 416 736 858

230 121 88 5 12 1

573 238 505 279 501 338 537 207 205 763

108 3 38 1 7 5 9 25 4 11

102 604 750 075 628 444 305 930 610 756

267 22 86 6 43 12 23 32 28 12

943 096 661 751 720 281 444 176 218 596

700 465 135 35 23 7 32

419 468 588 755 463 904 241

174 121 19 12 4 1 14

106 247 941 989 052 004 873

619 400 124 33 22 7 30

287 756 507 945 250 487 342

322 107 114 9 78 26 3 22 5 19 12

927 244 949 629 143 155 957 540 736 755 962

2 191 413 1 777 885 66 849 80 594 253 478 39 434 33 938 69 482 58 977 51 647 12 607

274 88 104 6 65 21 3 19 5 16 10

643 579 015 096 050 014 271 333 415 017 903

1 7 17 46 24 9 33

5 12 4 2 8 6 2

1 6 14 36 21 8 28

469 365 303 435 856 373 470 004 629 523 96 935 086 359 434 103 801

139 93 16 12 3

436 271 274 219 521 784 13 367

1 873 530 1 517 912 56 134 60 634 228 181 33 643 30 677 63 197 55 114 45 550 10 669

52 3 48 3

1 7 15 4 4 9

25 10 3 2 7 2

935 550 487 806 923 934 343 1 623 185 2 838 1 169

193 157 4 14 16 4 1 3 2 4 1

847 515 349 639 292 167 711 531 650 233 052

115 6 108 10

8 3 3 6 3

2 3 1

3 3 1 5 2

4 565 2 786 1 536 53 166 24

3 015 1 127 1 709 31 142 6

9 436 210 4 853 61 139 158 387 2 128 55 1 445

2 359 98 769 34 384 113 323 244 281 113

1 220 37 556 15 79 – 134 222 58 119

55 45 6 1

22 589 19 052 2 107 413 292 93 632

5 592 4 372 809 105 52 79 175

1 853 1 264 245 30 28 – 286

15 919 5 386 6 616 315 3 065 1 305 172 1 156 57 375 537

95 80 5 3 5 1 1 1

4 951 2 131 564 324 1 680 748 163 320 51 398 252

19 281 14 601 649 1 234 2 521 439 266 733 374 709 276

23

417 483 519 099 900 160 1 256

1 4 1 2

884 494 606 612 690 028 213 823 737 889 482

16 1 14 1

3

16 447 9 925 4 773 529 1 161 59

32 5 10

064 378 658 034 70 – 67 555 41 710 22 618 213 703 7 618 28

2 4

2 303 232 2 071 172 35 – 17 71 10 255 – 546 402 142 – 421 –

3

14 1 12 1

3

015 773 194 752 143 74 165 371 61 272 18 745 546 264 72 711 48

18

218 834 235 249 992 160 742 848 668 843 64 634 945 295 574 221 149

4

2 3 1 1 2

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2.

Section Five: Census Data

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

467 429 889 4 031 4 053 3 876 292 2 409 2 650 2 996 752 905

318 804 364 2 070 1 393 556 97 2 109 776 1 125 253 552

403 626 839 3 768 3 634 3 389 272 2 249 2 323 2 883 678 782

278 755 342 1 917 1 204 489 80 1 926 726 1 054 222 500

19 052 – 44 110 129 7 79 84 82 53 39

19 489 – 56 45 28 9 100 10 59 – 39

1 599 – 10 7 – – 7 – 7 6 27

1 362 – – 9 – – 19 – 7 7 2

38 856 50 201 289 339 13 51 219 12 15 48

15 988 5 97 113 39 – 36 40 – 14 11

4 296 – 8 13 19 – 23 24 12 – 9

3 210 17 – 22 – 8 28 – 5 10 –

548 489 639 679 976 784 288 759 10 591 2 042

312 1 288 6 718 1 705 767 11 927 2 775 302 10 802 2 073

453 644 229 255 816 320 946 724 9 681 1 767

276 1 180 5 899 1 498 686 10 760 2 475 283 9 870 1 755

65 271 522 106 68 151 148 16 493 163

11 68 363 82 38 882 198 11 431 255

14 12 30 5 7 14 25 2 40 8

11 – 57 11 – 45 22 8 49 12

16 510 728 282 85 284 138 10 221 54

14 40 332 78 43 177 69 – 387 34

– 52 130 31 – 15 31 7 156 50

– – 67 36 – 63 11 – 65 17

747 10 243 2 966 3 158 103 2 001 668 94 8 779 374 022

708 14 033 7 059 1 397 205 615 602 499 4 676 241 046

661 9 498 2 495 2 921 85 1 894 605 75 7 823 319 917

603 12 869 6 146 1 291 181 592 539 390 4 105 208 897

65 448 128 173 – 59 37 19 286 15 207

97 627 109 70 24 18 44 93 273 15 449

– 15 11 17 – 8 7 – 19 1 301

8 56 7 – – 3 – – 35 994

10 120 188 31 18 40 9 – 561 34 314

– 295 556 29 – 2 19 16 190 13 352

11 162 144 16 – – 10 – 90 3 283

– 186 241 7 – – – – 73 2 354

646 294 547 518 349 1 938

19 856 154 8 602 2 843 108 8 149

48 4 30 3

MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS Con. Teachers, postsecondary Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers Biological science teachers Chemistry teachers Physics teachers Natural science teachers, n.e.c. Psychology teachers Economics teachers History teachers Political science teachers Sociology teachers Social science teachers, n.e.c. Engineering teachers Mathematical science teachers Computer science teachers Medical science teachers Health specialties teachers Business, commerce, and marketing teachers Agriculture and forestry teachers Art, drama, and music teachers Physical education teachers Education teachers English teachers Foreign language teachers Law teachers Social work teachers Theology teachers Trade and industrial teachers Home economics teachers Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c. Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified Teachers, except postsecondary Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten Teachers, elementary school Teachers, secondary school Teachers, special education Teachers, n.e.c.

6 10 2 1 3 2

1 157 5 652 269 11 219

678 920 015 533 047 163

3 401 263 2 372 354 51 360

848 410 174 867 169 228

5 9 2 1 3 1

1 024 4 572 248 9 189

154 350 473 376 584 371

2 937 216 2 038 320 44 318

371 097 535 240 183 316

91 1 58 14 1 16

025 142 147 074 081 581

349 34 257 25 5 26

480 299 434 549 439 759

6 307 95 3 540 1 168 79 1 425

17 2 11 1

360 587 932 967 535 8 339

16 336 179 9 253 3 072 195 3 637

48 6 33 3

991 133 726 593 663 4 876

Counselors, educational and vocational

91 763

146 770

75 142

117 990

11 546

21 814

898

1 473

1 890

2 668

2 287

2 825

Librarians, archivists, and curators Librarians Archivists and curators

49 787 37 522 12 265

178 669 163 359 15 310

42 834 31 840 10 994

157 333 143 646 13 687

3 789 3 137 652

13 372 12 504 868

278 163 115

920 781 139

2 075 1 823 252

5 462 5 003 459

811 559 252

1 582 1 425 157

12 145 3 552 7 345 105 604 539

639 197 337 31 42 32

849 166 624 7 29 23

4 695 2 788 1 038 126 261 482

4 340 2 151 1 774 59 242 114

1 817 574 890 17 123 213

1 631 384 1 093 – 86 68

Social scientists and urban planners Economists Psychologists Sociologists Social scientists, n.e.c. Urban planners

189 85 79 1 10 12

041 335 430 152 649 475

196 66 112 1 9 6

197 902 532 059 648 056

171 835 78 211 72 014 913 9 819 10 878

177 232 60 649 101 696 888 8 687 5 312

10 055 3 565 5 151 65 404 870

Social, recreation, and religious workers Social workers Recreation workers Clergy Religious workers, n.e.c. Lawyers and judges Lawyers Judges

552 204 14 291 42 589 564 24

861 760 811 140 150 326 332 994

580 454 35 33 56 190 182 7

533 159 968 749 657 145 745 400

459 151 10 259 37 562 539 23

625 512 456 894 763 660 582 078

446 334 30 30 52 171 165 6

915 472 137 205 101 754 478 276

64 39 3 19 2 15 14 1

827 357 365 446 659 767 360 407

105 95 4 2 2 12 11

240 808 312 306 814 181 310 871

3 988 2 379 168 1 257 184 1 146 1 029 117

5 670 5 055 221 179 215 547 473 74

13 196 4 556 280 7 364 996 6 960 6 744 216

9 336 7 140 583 699 914 4 102 3 976 126

11 225 6 956 542 3 179 548 2 793 2 617 176

13 372 11 684 715 360 613 1 561 1 508 53

1 084 53 37 265 99 67 101 100 5 46 131 69 47 59

956 863 265 299 409 787 067 169 097 865 303 118 752 962

998 52 37 331 48 41 111 43 16 46 135 98 12 21

311 867 027 503 611 786 695 351 816 556 240 450 517 892

965 50 35 235 84 61 89 89 4 39 120 62 41 51

180 948 092 215 442 024 022 125 008 635 883 338 978 470

906 49 33 303 44 37 104 38 14 39 122 87 10 20

528 829 547 185 986 086 373 533 641 574 708 234 574 258

61 1 1 11 8 4 5 5

750 429 354 059 969 622 086 591 576 025 884 179 061 915

46 1 2 10 2 3 2 2 1 1 8 7 1

026 733 042 145 197 329 610 576 056 987 232 843 373 903

5 477 270 102 1 016 434 300 1 001 446 57 344 441 314 285 467

4 616 200 196 1 324 146 178 784 223 185 406 399 342 116 117

30 899 937 656 12 246 1 912 892 3 400 2 938 230 2 082 2 860 1 323 518 905

26 592 834 964 10 852 1 073 705 2 854 991 637 2 704 2 709 1 650 233 386

21 650 279 61 5 763 3 652 949 2 558 2 069 226 1 779 1 235 964 910 1 205

14 549 271 278 5 997 209 488 1 074 1 028 297 1 885 1 192 1 381 221 228

235 786

12 494

12 002

128 344

86 049

49 297

38 124

1 955 517 6 45 262 263 862

7 348 1 071 151 709 380 3 328 1 709

17 057 8 192 87 527 1 913 1 195 5 143

8 753 2 368 20 250 1 480 1 066 3 569

21 979 3 804 514 1 399 1 095 6 811 8 356

Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes Authors Technical writers Designers Musicians and composers Actors and directors Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers Photographers Dancers Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. Editors and reporters Public relations specialists Announcers Athletes

3 5 4 4 5

TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Technicians and related support occupations Health technologists and technicians Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Dental hygienists Health record technologists and technicians Radiologic technicians Licensed practical nurses Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

2 366 641 270 82 1 4 36 27 119

887 202 174 663 176 569 103

2 020 767 1 158 247 71 51 94 401 292

210 690 220 101 207 904 088

2 019 015 207 248 59 477 937 2 718 28 922 19 260 95 934

1 648 806 937 195 68 39 84 308 240

792 726 024 761 812 561 908

157 491 35 874 11 648 124 1 123 3 599 5 785 13 595

154 31 1 7 6 74 33

752 598 413 684 612 292 153

36 15 1 1 1 8 7

339 491 118 548 308 912 962

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

13

553

Section Five: Census Data

Table 2.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

Male

White

Female

Male

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

121 617 49 743 22 597 680 1 085 10 380 12 108 2 893

81 034 19 778 7 121 332 238 8 098 3 037 952

10 539 5 010 1 664 74 81 872 1 371 948

4 654 1 328 389 24 35 407 330 143

111 287 41 556 19 717 241 1 337 7 274 11 701 1 286

49 710 11 423 3 883 32 145 4 092 3 114 157

40 544 19 660 7 889 211 459 3 174 6 235 1 692

16 145 4 435 1 663 54 79 1 456 1 034 149

001 043 572 386

959 241 351 367

439 128 126 185

481 644 240 571 164 102 5 713 26 047

54 255 292 1 495 1 257 18 813 142 14 243 18 013

4 570 402 151 184 1 221 42 429 2 141

TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Con. Technologists and technicians, except health Engineering and related technologists and technicians Electrical and electronic technicians Industrial engineering technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Engineering technicians, n.e.c. Drafting occupations Surveying and mapping technicians Science technicians Biological technicians Chemical technicians Science technicians, n.e.c. Technicians, except health, engineering, and science Airplane pilots and navigators Air traffic controllers Broadcast equipment operators Computer programmers Tool programmers, numerical control Legal assistants Technicians, n.e.c.

2 095 899 345 11 27 166 263 83

754 324 626 991 578 541 940 648

862 205 55 3 2 73 60 9

557 111 837 333 531 139 824 447

1 811 783 293 10 24 144 232 76

767 355 759 785 616 841 525 829

711 168 42 2 2 59 53 8

014 147 781 891 034 086 309 046

141 32 57 50

022 467 700 855

67 24 18 24

966 256 939 771

117 26 48 42

702 917 232 553

54 19 15 19

586 922 046 618

11 2 5 3

1 055 105 36 27 447 3 62 373

408 929 668 241 109 141 175 145

589 3 10 8 215

480 897 495 278 650 529 195 977 154 654

910 102 32 23 390 2 52 307

710 328 199 218 605 884 237 239

488 3 8 6 175

281 504 602 514 109 387 172 326 121 839

60 1 3 2 21

393 378 708 307

7 2 2 2

6 1 2 3

848 388 054 406

4 022 1 218 930 1 874

2 887 19 64 104 565 – 1 253 882

62 883 1 054 628 646 29 001 79 2 072 29 403

4 1 1 1

120 543 355 222

1 918 945 265 708

34 265 48 161 261 18 729 – 4 272 10 794

16 764 501 450 622 5 118 34 1 724 8 315

9 792 34 173 142 2 434 – 3 883 3 126

Sales occupations

7 334 643

7 098 126

6 572 300

5 990 016

364 072

667 278

27 735

44 716

212 229

208 811

158 307

187 305

Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations, salaried Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations, selfemployed Sales representatives, finance and business services Insurance sales occupations Real estate sales occupations Securities and financial services sales occupations Advertising and related sales occupations Sales occupations, other business services

1 964 716

1 050 658

1 779 842

930 236

82 971

70 321

6 995

5 499

56 068

25 062

38 840

19 540

285 1 475 431 397 214 84 347

150 1 013 235 404 82 89 201

251 1 366 396 366 201 77 324

132 915 205 376 73 81 178

7 58 20 13 6 4 14

3 58 20 11 5 5 15

1 3 1 1

187 914 141 085 339 247 1 102

966 3 863 925 1 479 211 411 837

20 30 8 11 5 1 4

11 23 4 10 2 1 3

5 15 4 4 1 1 3

2 12 3 3 1 1 2

Sales representatives, commodities, except retail Sales engineers Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale

1 220 788 41 408

3 095 48

1 350 3

19 350 738

Sales workers, retail and personal services Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats Sales workers, apparel Sales workers, shoes Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances Sales workers, hardware and building supplies Sales workers, parts Sales workers, other commodities Sales counter clerks Cashiers Street and door-to-door sales workers News vendors Sales related occupations Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales Auctioneers Sales support occupations, n.e.c.

2 363 314 82 44 102 122 135 118 626 72 596 77 69 24 8 7 9

Administrative support occupations, including clerical

4 482 923

593 043 027 205 848 108 855

1 179 380 574 915 914 534 617 032 593 966 278 545 364 367 449 929 317 209 403

350 644 2 208 348 436 4 484 37 361 73 84 48 39 13 1 231 137 2 259 153 44 48 36 1 9

707 364 663 233 503 840 594 127 579 528 316 560 400 026 948 163 915

15 222 640

1 109 573 2 001 286 65 33 93 108 125 108 541 60 452 66 59 23 7 7 8

906 770 320 833 147 517 353 297 817 264 965 273 350 106 247 043 816

3 499 712

482 682 578 180 201 386 250 664 418 696 368 091 968 703 740 096 867

12 677 800

608 499 47 26 1 2

362 631 790 250 115

16 005

3 047

1 347

702 052 843 374 450 852 076 771 882 284 359 416 343 339 790 55 494

12 437 1 331 290 168 307 451 533 702 2 980 504 4 379 442 350 107 48 22 37

32 656 238 1 689 422 350 275 143 152 6 731 1 023 20 287 944 402 382 296 12 74

1 690 712

26 338

66 48 1 6

2 336 1 368 94 89 9

516 2 31 8 3 2 1 92 11 346 13 2 2 1

8 942 54

17 031 215

8 888

16 816

010 167 590 739 778 521 675 412 005 171 479 508 965 355 230 18 107

139 680 752 11 512 1 939 1 310 1 243 618 198 36 372 5 299 77 490 2 313 634 887 593 – 294

92 465

178 185

2 738 2 126 99 309 7

10 770 5 985 568 1 209 38

80 6 3 2 2 2 2 3 18 2 31 2 2

059 755 801 742 184 140 888

8 049 15 8 034

893 568 595 490 507 533 989 823 126 343 392 266 261 388 209 32 147

144 187 640 11 041 2 318 1 192 1 084 507 342 29 176 4 226 89 812 2 796 1 053 715 529 – 186

369 694

170 189

391 969

11 612 7 812 310 2 157 61

10 514 5 974 319 463 35

11 172 8 283 165 1 365 46

110 888

48 038

16 576

9 641

776

197

2 970

1 272

3 723

1 313

201 021 198 683 2 338

328 122 325 605 2 517

33 904 33 356 548

58 772 57 962 810

1 270 1 258 12

2 522 2 480 42

12 767 12 652 115

11 767 11 657 110

7 348 7 166 182

9 720 9 499 221

Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Secretaries Stenographers Typists Information clerks Interviewers Hotel clerks Transportation ticket and reservation agents Receptionists Information clerks, n.e.c.

97 52 7 37 230 49 27 79 35 39

4 041 838 3 504 652 64 404 472 782 1 125 309 123 428 56 816 162 203 668 110 114 752

14 463 6 763 359 7 341 27 672 7 353 2 602 8 590 5 001 4 126

777 436 24 317 1 731 754 158 352 242 225

27 229 21 870 371 4 988 9 606 1 790 617 920 5 336 943

4 872 2 135 158 2 579 11 222 1 264 1 839 4 449 1 852 1 818

81 62 1 17 32 3 2 7 15 3

3 287 1 590 90 1 607 7 109 1 486 777 2 275 1 604 967

102 246 82 291 851 19 104 43 943 4 991 1 705 4 158 28 014 5 075

410 294 5 110 136 22 7 15 70 21

458 203 617 641 356

18 612 86 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 23 4 36 1 1

260 895 825 535 462 080 993

60 461

554

718 523 440 534 183

328 079 119 304 878 010 043 732 350 263 149 878 523 973 583 94 296

075 165 542 789 856 266 712

410 903 407 203 3 700

086 568 932 586 940 924 629 092 338 957

425 298 10 66 2

31 332 182 16 9 6 4 7 5 4 40 5 71 6 5

16 055 50

214 232 137 557 374 037 127

256 310 253 115 3 195

74 41 6 25 182 38 21 64 26 31

646 720 146 369 523

314 162 3 651 33 305 60 78 43 37 11 1 066 115 1 725 134 39 43 33 1 8

31 656 324

800 061 651 495 372 153 390

134 933

4 663 841 3 966 179 72 317 625 345 1 347 972 156 177 69 385 190 193 787 056 145 161

335 174 19 29 1

316 248 2 086

335 809 043 243 481 510 532

Computer equipment operators Computer operators Peripheral equipment operators

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

698 947 631 006 653

1 149 656 40 083

594 753 596 528 077 987 565

406 214 21 33 1

485 492 563 430 674 781 005 758 037 093

517 364 12 77 2

597 193 881 785 192 234 101

Supervisors, administrative support occupations Supervisors, general office Supervisors, computer equipment operators Supervisors, financial records processing Chief communications operators Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks

14

628 678 917 380 720

494 597 515 033 700 957 392

735 437 302 996 492 553 322 093 286 238

793 929 389 475 622 415 925 819 310 153

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2.

Section Five: Census Data

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

Male

White

Female

Male

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

29 630 96 347 9 187 1 877 3 778 10 624 3 721

106 186 297 1 722 26 173 9 263 13 051 39 994 15 686

1 085 – – 359 89 218 285 134

4 393 5 57 879 452 885 1 531 584

10 078 5 43 1 862 493 2 942 3 409 1 324

20 864 57 199 3 249 2 016 4 694 7 892 2 757

8 028 17 37 3 043 496 1 123 2 518 794

21 037 84 155 4 840 2 057 2 755 8 250 2 896

25 18 2 1 1

132 91 14 13 6 6 7 2

795 236 851 886 719 103 326 419 624 4 283

1 184 793 194 77 96 24 133 51 46 36

11 033 8 772 819 855 342 245 304 134 16 154

15 375 11 888 1 086 946 785 670 1 998 962 177 859

54 43 3 3 1 1 1

734 741 503 806 891 793 234 552 82 600

8 145 6 030 590 586 697 242 1 689 837 156 696

39 28 3 4 2 1 1

40 945 39 856 1 089

217 210 7

1 367 1 351 16

740 618 122

2 636 2 497 139

1 461 1 304 157

679 834 688 878 279

3 154 737 1 172 582 663

2 484 1 166 461 632 225

27 10 8 4 3

180 778 808 214 375 841 5 410 16 970

8 375 602 580 2 791 3 241 397 285 429

6 469 892 821 1 333 2 070 65 401 745

35 1 3 11 15

TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Con. Records processing occupations, except financial Classified-ad clerks Correspondence clerks Order clerks Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping Library clerks File clerks Records clerks

192 809 910 2 116 64 599 11 771 31 965 51 924 29 524

Financial records processing occupations Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks Payroll and timekeeping clerks Billing clerks Cost and rate clerks Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators Duplicating machine operators Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators Office machine operators, n.e.c.

264 200 20 15 20 7 28 13 2 12

Communications equipment operators Telephone operators Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. Mail and message distributing occupations Postal clerks, except mail carriers Mail carriers, postal service Mail clerks, except postal service Messengers Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks Dispatchers Production coordinators Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks Stock and inventory clerks Meter readers Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers Expediters Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks, n.e.c. Adjusters and investigators Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators Investigators and adjusters, except insurance Eligibility clerks, social welfare Bill and account collectors Miscellaneous administrative support occupations General office clerks Bank tellers Proofreaders Data-entry keyers Statistical clerks Teachers’ aides Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.

691 4 10 164 69 118 216 108

402 372 405 523 122 510 022 448

608 750 343 783 177 555 348 018 608 722

2 136 921 1 721 202 159 137 152 693 58 090 45 799 40 440 14 848 3 588 22 004

33 799 29 670 4 129

210 316 203 587 6 729

143 988 792 1 689 50 148 8 816 23 904 35 088 23 551 214 163 16 12 17 5 19 8 1 8

538 3 8 129 55 97 158 86

922 929 272 382 334 125 355 525

409 051 086 343 169 760 581 752 871 958

1 898 405 1 548 980 136 119 130 090 47 081 36 135 30 166 11 217 2 700 16 249

25 117 22 392 2 725

159 221 153 968 5 253

495 988 387 831 430 859 4 947 2 416 358 2 173 6 264 5 146 1 118

646 192 240 105 107

568 895 290 987 396

386 157 87 105 35

709 670 951 722 366

468 129 190 69 78

811 371 955 754 731

267 90 71 75 29

096 960 359 728 049

124 45 33 25 19

218 924 003 643 648

91 51 12 22 4

1 332 107 133 460 451 42 43 82

268 747 509 680 459 565 126 324

888 97 119 187 260 6 37 156

638 200 150 922 313 971 620 465

1 044 94 116 346 344 33 33 68

650 407 009 053 072 482 616 072

727 81 101 153 208 5 28 131

959 793 234 417 018 868 893 333

176 8 9 69 66 6 6 8

417 820 479 094 751 792 047 446

105 11 10 21 34

10 313 101 151 5 55

858 023 118 592 150 163

22 826 243 430 44 107

997 064 521 238 356 949

8 264 88 127 3 44

939 546 915 375 315 941

17 672 197 352 34 87

403 624 901 656 323 744

988 30 167 7 927 14 760 742 6 738

3 109 34 53 6 14

784 126 802 042 988 294

50 1 645 401 832 38 374

680 264 51 7 83 48 29 195

403 538 882 304 043 733 662 241

3 101 736 1 226 578 457 141 23 022 556 222 99 845 245 881 493 047

524 200 38 6 58 39 19 161

917 101 969 443 800 454 813 337

2 462 972 386 20 410 79 189 403

420 436 074 157 633 961 264 895

87 960 37 456 5 827 554 13 834 5 588 4 061 20 640

425 169 41 1 101 14 34 61

018 735 116 966 843 492 298 568

29 077

954 473 845 056 057 523 410 526 166 718

6 147 5 915 232

625 895 541 792 397

14 9 1 2

636 726 386 692 832

22 5 6 5 4

760 968 619 216 957

10 3 2 3

643 068 255 990 197 65 1 026 3 359

66 2 3 30 22 1 2 3

914 616 893 992 205 546 183 078

28 1 3 7 8

814 984 057 792 981

912 302 548 750 190 348 995 2 299

20 1 3 3 7

142 4 114 956 2 023 417 718

480 8 852 2 413 4 687 608 1 144

683 19 507 5 619 11 054 952 1 882

401 7 813 1 462 3 938 447 1 966

4 431 1 610 187 20 625 240 449 1 300

20 206 8 240 1 652 71 3 494 632 3 070 3 047

37 974 14 362 4 194 216 6 186 2 259 3 659 7 098

97 646 38 392 15 832 563 21 999 2 536 4 871 13 453

25 121 11 009 2 705 71 3 598 1 192 1 680 4 866

96 446 37 775 12 467 265 18 253 2 224 14 378 11 084

387 669 032 968 653 132 1 890 4 058

20 4 11 1 3

985 693 243 463 676 311

SERVICE OCCUPATIONS Private household occupations Launderers and ironers Cooks, private household Housekeepers and butlers Child care workers, private household Private household cleaners and servants Protective service occupations Supervisors, protective service occupations Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations Supervisors, police and detectives Supervisors, guards Firefighting and fire prevention occupations Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations Firefighting occupations Police and detectives Police and detectives, public service Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers Correctional institution officers Guards Crossing guards Guards and police, except public service Protective service occupations, n.e.c.

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

534 841

18 036

318 944

6 386

141 562

324

4 143

1 455

13 453

2 876

56 739

1 2 4 21

291 008 087 428 263

1 8 32 159 333

224 572 1 028 3 563 12 649

973 692 083 303 893

5 188 691 476 5 026

281 695 566 204 816

– 6 – 88 230

10 54 247 1 459 2 373

34 196 128 92 1 005

57 301 1 357 3 557 8 181

28 46 240 209 2 353

75 462 5 076 10 301 40 825

1 754 121 28 54 38 233 14 218 702 457 95 149 697 12 655 29

500 044 466 159 419 170 407 763 475 078 561 836 811 818 141 852

330 275 14 162 832 7 063 6 267 8 316 2 318 5 998 119 808 62 106 22 871 34 831 187 989 32 495 130 370 25 124

78 464 3 442 97 1 870 1 475 1 223 448 775 31 334 14 261 4 207 12 866 42 465 6 118 35 307 1 040

16 733 690 148 258 284 3 189 223 2 966 5 805 3 637 803 1 365 7 049 78 6 688 283

3 208 105 – 49 56 318 31 287 1 179 592 229 358 1 606 153 1 364 89

26 243 1 305 272 473 560 2 179 145 2 034 7 163 4 895 916 1 352 15 596 80 14 890 626

4 069 137 – 75 62 45 21 24 1 072 682 249 141 2 815 100 2 474 241

49 329 2 111 299 789 1 023 4 503 231 4 272 17 213 10 798 2 020 4 395 25 502 318 24 429 755

8 747 359 11 176 172 132 51 81 3 084 1 697 601 786 5 172 894 4 004 274

396 204 329 824 088

1 398 103 26 47 29 202 12 190 584 391 81 111 507 10 470 26

416 604 559 266 779 814 471 343 823 884 253 686 175 006 830 339

4 15 127 170

235 787 10 119 724 4 893 4 502 6 598 1 767 4 831 83 139 44 874 17 585 20 680 135 931 25 230 87 221 23 480

263 13 1 5 6 20 1 19 87 45 10 31 142 2 138 1

779 334 188 373 773 485 337 148 471 864 569 038 489 336 304 849

2 10 17 110

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

15

555

Section Five: Census Data

Table 2.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Service occupations, except protective and household

5 135 444

8 783 420

3 562 149

6 598 871

909 017

1 487 081

Food preparation and service occupations Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations Bartenders Waiters and waitresses Cooks Food counter, fountain and related occupations Kitchen workers, food preparation Waiters’/ waitresses’ assistants Miscellaneous food preparation occupations Health service occupations Dental assistants Health aides, except nursing Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants

2 369 117 166 290 1 085 65 52 217 373 287 5 45 237

276 402 630 768 895 491 183 437 470 943 166 064 713

3 369 159 164 1 197 987 170 159 161 370 1 974 174 177 1 621

682 018 080 485 365 989 317 121 307 015 121 913 981

1 635 87 147 215 704 50 39 150 241 183 3 28 151

500 242 583 510 865 075 139 003 083 551 402 610 539

2 728 131 153 1 065 709 141 128 126 272 1 320 153 129 1 036

296 257 476 475 445 262 481 431 469 287 539 933 815

355 15 7 26 194 8 6 29 68 77

Cleaning and building service occupations, except household Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers Maids and housemen Janitors and cleaners Elevator operators Pest control occupations

2 013 117 137 1 700 9 47

354 971 337 984 684 378

1 410 49 575 780 1 3

347 504 452 561 727 103

1 389 90 69 1 182 6 40

282 692 943 001 038 608

883 32 332 514

545 631 595 627 900 2 792

406 18 43 337 2 4

464 19 66 76 86 19 19 21 34 7 6 14 22 69

871 313 677 143 248 281 853 801 558 871 234 059 932 901

2 029 43 17 657 50 22 9 84 4 40 428 324 188 157

376 619 949 433 905 005 758 148 205 319 409 869 419 338

353 15 53 61 69 14 15 14 21 5 5 9 15 51

816 421 818 875 856 298 853 925 553 098 007 898 158 056

1 666 35 14 558 38 17 7 70 2 26 371 257 142 121

SERVICE OCCUPATIONS Con.

Personal service occupations Supervisors, personal service occupations Barbers Hairdressers and cosmetologists Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities Guides Ushers Public transportation attendants Baggage porters and bellhops Welfare service aides Family child care providers Early childhood teacher’s assistants Child care workers, n.e.c. Personal service occupations, n.e.c.

48 526

86 307

232 863

255 441

382 889

355 720

387 17 4 54 192 18 20 20 59 522 8 37 475

014 067 087 091 620 025 836 990 298 169 929 538 702

19 643 731 1 087 1 484 9 739 474 373 1 640 4 115 3 300 28 519 2 753

32 1 2 9 11 1 1 1 3 20 1 1 18

082 245 003 545 854 520 124 138 653 579 185 307 087

153 8 4 25 80 3 2 10 18 11

113 5 2 40 32 4 3 6 17 47 4 4 38

173 477 562 722 510 893 896 076 037 082 445 555 082

204 6 5 21 96 3 3 26 41 11

109 3 1 27 40 5 4 6 17 63 6 4 53

117 972 952 652 936 289 980 486 850 898 023 580 295

568 732 399 996 315 126

355 11 162 179

036 557 870 734 712 163

21 1 1 18

572 049 424 672 30 397

17 075 483 7 961 8 573 30 28

49 1 7 39

42 1 22 17

268 653 684 887 9 35

146 5 14 122 1 1

112 3 49 59

423 180 342 740 76 85

743 677 623 958 787 146 609 859 590 671 144 882 874 923

530 328 258 869 237 605 461 573 084 838 745 2 976 5 795 10 761

222 5 1 54 5 2 1 9 1 10 30 48 31 20

862 311 711 212 371 953 425 452 001 156 681 351 431 807

4 011 157 512 447 1 042 179 70 94 153 232 101 152 346 526

16 571 377 121 4 008 1 129 132 97 238 15 696 3 242 2 920 2 054 1 542

18 418 768 959 2 814 4 102 1 635 643 1 248 2 215 259 129 377 499 2 770

175 111

959 038 822 590 282 307 578 040 302 960 731 12 046 65 183

68 2 9 7 8 2 2 4 9 1

506 158 338 769 976 254 154 421 436 418 619 2 261 8 538 521 663 620 322 230 686

668 233 800 415 033 381 939 333 534 714 386 1 628 9 700 411 835 951 993 071 561

52 918 884 819 21 188 3 861 1 387 288 2 692 329 825 7 265 4 744 3 331 5 305

20 096 639 2 130 3 138 3 011 564 826 961 1 553 444 252 656 1 134 4 788

70 282 1 370 675 19 067 1 757 387 339 907 270 1 971 16 077 10 972 8 729 7 761

236 462

48 035

FARMING, FORESTRY, AND FISHING OCCUPATIONS Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

2 597 829

507 566

2 124 661

416 639

Farm operators and managers Farmers, except horticultural Horticultural specialty farmers Managers, farms, except horticultural Managers, horticultural specialty farms Other agricultural and related occupations Farm occupations, except managerial Supervisors, farm workers Farm workers Marine life cultivation workers Nursery workers Related agricultural occupations Supervisors, related agricultural occupations Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm Animal caretakers, except farm Graders and sorters, agricultural products Inspectors, agricultural products

933 680 31 208 13 1 466 666 37 609

153 114 3 30 4 342 175 6 150

557 675 471 770 641 587 613 162 546 354 551 974 155 713 146 964 996

891 663 27 188 11 1 067 470 27 428

145 111 3 27 4 261 127 4 107

13 596 52 499 33 8 1

311 580 130 630 971 544 727 968 971 721 067 817 419 846 822 881 849

7 560 539 3 573 3 448 3 862 192 3 339 331

116 10 13 93 48 5 41 1

869 309 463 097 937 664 774 499

Forestry and logging occupations Supervisors, forestry and logging workers Forestry workers, except logging Timber cutting and logging occupations Fishers, hunters, and trappers Captains and other officers, fishing vessels Fishers Hunters and trappers

19 800 60 680 40 16 2

808 512 261 114 921 828 460 273 123 879 185 368 452 843 059 695 319

140 11 16 112 56 6 48 1

463 529 858 076 730 149 813 768

18 166 5 54 67 37 1

14 134 4 44 64 19 1

849 413 213 098 125 529 224 459 563 297 905 305 493 695 320 472 325

5 998 510 2 850 2 638 3 263 171 2 804 288

28 272

26 224

4 731

35 371

9 889

467 717 711 355 684 878 654 500 910 51 193 224 776 772 410 041 225

2 597 971 78 1 360 188 24 567 13 287 664 11 246 41 1 336 11 280 318 4 928 1 241 4 364 429

3 852 2 470 174 1 162 46 16 292 7 598 255 7 167 43 133 8 694 356 7 598 499 221 20

838 583 27 196 32 489 843 62 580 – 201 646 83 710 404 432 17

6 379 3 173 751 2 153 302 26 006 8 814 788 7 449 31 546 17 192 894 15 267 507 463 61

1 688 898 129 532 129 7 983 4 693 188 3 692 – 813 3 290 44 1 323 492 1 350 81

15 515 738 1 134 13 643 2 251 97 2 066 88

900 18 306 576 208 17 166 25

3 786 233 681 2 872 2 294 156 2 073 65

255 – 127 128 149 4 141 4

418 30 99 289 2 568 172 2 335 61

99 – 32 67 119 – 112 7

16 6 1 7 140 50 1 47 1 90 2 81 3 2

3 1 1 1

15 4 1 8

799 572 495 814 918 108 667 762 626 33 246 441 007 360 821 089 164

2 585 810 24 1 584 167 45 019 28 566 789 26 465 16 1 296 16 453 217 3 057 689 12 346 144

3 875 219 1 481 2 175 680 60 565 55

308 11 258 39 123 – 116 7

216 128 6 117 4 87 4 76 1 5

PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS Precision production, craft, and repair occupations Mechanics and repairers Supervisors, mechanics and repairers Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers Automobile mechanics, except apprentices Automobile mechanic apprentices Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics Aircraft engine mechanics Small engine repairers Automobile body and related repairers Aircraft mechanics, except engine Heavy equipment mechanics Farm equipment mechanics Industrial machinery repairers Machinery maintenance occupations

16

556

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

12 701 437 4 085 908 247 901 3 838 007 1 829 936 1 263 129 60 223 29 155 28 318 24

964 977 531 806 256 914 991 437 764 288 984 140

1 329 185 22 162

863 258 681 577

35 714 17 646 60 2 336 5 416 1 108 4 719 2 377 1 731 321 13 795 1 133

10 961 761 3 558 276 227 602 3 330 674 1 576 795 1 231 110 55 191 24 140 26 280 20

258 669 260 495 442 497 400 338 073 084 212 169

1 021 146 18 128

711 148 103 045

28 298 14 094 60 1 660 4 193 855 4 028 1 791 1 373 244 10 949 865

889 284 11 272

906 567 805 762

130 544 73 175 167 19 005 9 867 2 789 13 352 2 579 8 641 969 22 581 2 649

161 27 3 23

808 182 695 487

5 025 2 332 – 504 805 199 482 421 249 33 1 839 181

104 28 1 27

169 823 139 684

12 127 1 452 143 1 309

13 855 6 992 14 2 060 975 590 1 445 214 1 441 124 1 947 419

323 169 – 27 45 7 29 43 3 – 96 2

218 73 3 69

887 000 129 871

69 092 4 755 386 4 369

33 748 19 473 29 2 711 4 161 592 3 834 1 271 1 478 199 4 233 217

711 298 – 30 177 22 39 95 29 21 335 27

526 141 4 137

714 242 226 016

65 125 5 721 354 5 367

75 559 41 668 61 8 535 3 811 1 446 13 960 1 035 4 131 912 10 011 686

1 357 753 – 115 196 25 141 27 77 23 576 58

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2.

Section Five: Census Data

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

White

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

573 064

62 461

499 345

48 270

42 274

9 884

3 520

511

13 585

1 980

14 340

1 816

164 79 50 47 164

678 736 935 211 418

14 11 2 3 26

551 921 190 422 509

140 68 45 42 144

835 900 538 328 871

11 9 1 2 20

13 5 2 2 12

180 881 612 899 730

1 827 1 405 238 523 5 236

1 057 364 330 346 925

132 69 11 44 154

4 955 2 884 1 020 486 2 573

548 552 58 143 537

66 190 901 27 25 39 19 25 92 199 472

086 412 443 311 360 540 393 207 874 247 511

3 2 46 3 1 2 1

868 571 903 786 777 348 015 427 3 266 14 702 19 582

56 171 782 24 22 34 16 22 85 174 401

873 999 691 615 943 232 018 910 929 158 886

2 2 37 3 1 1

772 068 595 093 608 874 736 339 2 678 11 760 15 507

4 972 9 438 65 276 875 1 258 3 026 2 332 1 215 4 725 13 358 38 487

655 410 6 148 356 85 296 239 72 408 1 991 2 701

498 1 298 6 645 72 183 200 102 151 524 1 555 3 858

101 18 359 22 27 – 20 – 52 93 145

PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS Con. Electrical and electronic equipment repairers Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipment Data processing equipment repairers Household appliance and power tool repairers Telephone line installers and repairers Telephone installers and repairers Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers Locksmiths and safe repairers Office machine repairers Mechanical controls and valve repairers Elevator installers and repairers Millwrights Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. Not specified mechanics and repairers Construction trades Supervisors, construction occupations Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters Supervisors, carpenters and related workers Supervisors, electricians and power transmission installers Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Supervisors, construction n.e.c. Construction trades, except supervisors Brickmasons and stonemasons, except apprentices Brickmason and stonemason apprentices Tile setters, hard and soft Carpet installers Carpenters, except apprentices Carpenter apprentices Drywall installers Electricians, except apprentices Electrician apprentices Electrical power installers and repairers Painters, construction and maintenance Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters, except apprentices Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices Concrete and terrazzo finishers Glaziers Insulation workers Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators Roofers Sheetmetal duct installers Structural metal workers Drillers, earth Construction trades, n.e.c. Extractive occupations Supervisors, extractive occupations Drillers, oil well Explosives workers Mining machine operators Mining occupations, n.e.c. Precision production occupations Supervisors, production occupations Precision metal working occupations Tool and die makers, except apprentices Tool and die maker apprentices Precision assemblers, metal Machinists, except apprentices Machinist apprentices Boilermakers Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners Patternmakers and model makers, metal Lay-out workers Precious stones and metals workers (Jewelers) Engravers, metal Sheet metal workers, except apprentices Sheet metal worker apprentices Miscellaneous precision metal workers Precision woodworking occupations Patternmakers and model makers, wood Cabinet makers and bench carpenters Furniture and wood finishers Miscellaneous precision woodworkers Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers Dressmakers Tailors Upholsterers Shoe repairers Miscellaneous precision apparel and fabric workers

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

622 523 791 529 033

4 1 1 1 3

651 707 435 152 319

422 372 92 183 549

1 2 15 1

667 510 578 161 361 1 065 204 310 467 3 693 8 317

142 25 1 291 212 27 96 16 – 43 392 505

2 076 5 167 31 253 588 615 1 017 737 621 1 229 6 483 19 963

198 50 1 510 103 30 82 4 16 85 466 724

5 170 054 815 303

147 946 22 697

4 467 953 739 924

123 701 19 374

359 970 38 822

14 519 2 229

51 156 5 653

1 972 206

58 203 8 360

2 385 348

232 772 22 544

5 369 540

12 880 45 096

88 529

11 053 41 867

62 464

1 168 995

9 28

89 355

– 16

150 573

8 –

420 1 306

9 21

139 819 631 415 029 093 564 153 030 316 975 183 075 389 837

1 408 1 424 380 15 636 104 327 1 693 37 1 102 2 033 19 700 150 3 259 12 322 587 1 425

2 533 1 986 764 31 376 321 148 28 581 89 3 102 6 314 67 358 224 9 174 36 069 897 9 819

114 117 19 942 290 621 5 61 186 952 77 307 121 75 189

326 339 142 402 503 601 – 382 967 580 57 751 187 138 167

11 11 16 152 1 766 24 – – 34 366 22 101 207 7 11

823 438 202 174 843 521 8 923 743 399 157 116 759 145 607

34 26 – 280 2 037 3 – 33 29 305 4 – 464 – 28

1 137 1 177 364 18 140 210 228 9 684 24 3 796 6 372 53 891 187 11 537 15 268 319 2 113

31 32 – 447 4 829 118 – 90 128 840 – 126 545 15 36

413 037 11 869 30 531

37 571 4 254 613

48 231 302 5 569

2 747 49 142

4 821 87 375

527 32 16

9 129 170 362

790 22 –

40 479 383 5 423

1 694 42 78

71 30 20 634 4 354 194

958 759 103 507 751 480 685 356 426 544 600 761 358 888 543

1 598 1 610 415 18 457 125 249 2 459 42 1 286 2 410 23 163 253 3 793 15 659 684 1 689

515 697 12 811 42 260

43 329 4 399 849

54 109 1 337 4 146 619 14 118

67 26 18 574 3 728 153 46 95 1 187 3 122 554 13 104

1 12

1 2

4 45 1

14 2 4 1

6 49 1

14 1 9

481 6 74 43 71 12 194 29 73 19 175

639 426 944 142 460 777 098 541 885 983 447

7 219 153 1 001 2 453 2 952 333 3 085 421 1 453 508 5 656

421 5 50 38 56 10 156 26 65 17 141

671 760 786 900 306 067 118 971 528 974 896

5 934 134 524 2 014 2 067 254 2 385 341 1 158 408 4 362

33 835 335 15 102 1 826 7 489 1 833 18 629 1 474 4 090 909 19 897

855 19 334 299 637 71 437 37 198 69 802

4 528 52 944 246 906 138 3 025 200 1 309 317 2 725

64 – 14 35 75 – 90 10 21 6 104

5 024 107 418 476 862 70 1 509 157 681 89 1 411

98 – – 74 16 – 8 7 21 – 135

16 581 172 7 694 1 694 5 897 669 14 817 739 2 277 694 9 518

268 – 129 31 157 8 165 26 55 25 253

187 47 36 8 60 33

451 578 539 872 613 849

5 411 1 741 533 505 1 705 927

169 44 32 7 55 29

406 545 266 679 494 422

4 496 1 532 503 347 1 399 715

7 987 1 246 1 686 718 2 684 1 653

548 150 8 74 189 127

2 352 412 700 190 588 462

98 7 18 28 31 14

662 285 69 28 212 68

39 21 – – 18 –

7 044 1 090 1 818 257 1 635 2 244

230 31 4 56 68 71

248 133 163 312 109 047 909 107 587 691 265 153 835 499 060 86 503 643 323 620 396 304

2 766 930 854 132 2 24 473 1 20 19 4 12 31 9 119

747 186 59 2

1 84 2 60 20 1

126 804 907 233 177 880 997 288 545 745 914 036 535 583 610 725 639 780 765 235 293 487

119 559 25 297 9 881 331 9 1 937 4 231 18 106 201 30 356 1 026 347 1 216 26 47 1 782 48 354 1 354 26

21 838 5 514 7 150 455 20 251 3 341 11 252 169 12 165 1 532 44 866 11 21 698 10 490 154 44

8 605 1 543 1 748 12 9 109 260 2 13 – – 31 1 194 25 93 – – 93 – 11 52 30

022 491 894 260 10 090 971 39 149 197 23 312 614 235 947 14 33 174 31 747 372 24

61 913 6 337 3 145 162 – 629 553 – – 31 10 83 1 289 144 231 – 13 94 8 35 51 –

981 837 269 771 850 254

88 4 19 45 14 5

215 080 321 298 506 010

111 65 18 14 6 7

732 51 74 409 135 63

965 651 90 126 50 48

6 128 793 2 728 767 1 634 206

15 943 10 317 3 980 166 404 1 076

3 258 024 1 069 504 973 211 139 502 2 267 31 912 543 172 1 436 23 706 21 378 5 177 14 834 40 995 10 659 135 431 865 1 877 97 016 2 976 67 251 25 035 1 754 119 6 29 57 20 6

539 421 538 167 178 235

991 230 79 3 9 25 1 2 20 6 8 13 4 8 152 90 27 16 7 10

5 19 1 1 15 5 6 11 4 6

366 170 872 662 91 583 342 81 460 435 225 638 840 804 208 60 443 342 267 087 748 240 851 085 640 406 321 399

237 78 54 3 3 32 2 2 1 7 5 2 2

382 945 434 486 40 669 840 57 114 799 169 056 530 442 039 58 135 137 82 814 107 134

11 420 612 3 479 4 567 2 188 574

15 8 2 1

147 976 969 417 724 1 061

87 17 22 1 1 13

2 2 1

145 36 33 2

656 750 826 068 20 022 023 41 646 468 59 265 784 355 969 57 49 227 88 965 109 65

53 805 10 786 4 517 145 – 789 1 523 6 8 24 – 45 1 486 179 312 – – 332 – 133 191 8

13 044 885 3 936 6 126 1 715 382

9 075 5 808 1 590 656 351 670

2 19

3 4 5 2 2

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

17

557

Section Five: Census Data

Table 2.

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

Male

White

Female

Male

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other race

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

454 548 815 947 928 065 131 020 237 583 317 337 722 677 045 718 488 789 040 401

21 277 902 525 1 902 2 033 1 295 11 467 3 153 33 754 20 576 10 980 2 198 7 914 7 610 304 24 501 5 217 2 433 11 851 5 000

34 842 245 438 2 816 1 597 2 384 26 428 934 25 340 14 914 8 108 2 318 4 777 4 304 473 2 493 477 348 1 033 635

1 717 138 84 162 228 89 756 260 2 680 1 889 650 141 596 549 47 2 751 590 460 1 210 491

2 257 54 9 220 111 69 1 732 62 1 486 702 513 271 283 265 18 230 50 62 97 21

18 778 204 371 1 289 2 725 321 12 288 1 580 11 541 6 405 4 575 561 3 616 3 401 215 5 400 530 364 3 856 650

28 376 109 855 1 544 1 351 486 23 803 228 6 031 2 694 2 330 1 007 1 651 1 592 59 336 54 26 225 31

16 367 1 127 375 1 195 1 406 587 8 307 3 370 30 770 19 439 9 024 2 307 2 921 2 758 163 6 751 1 143 647 2 873 2 088

18 149 209 385 1 209 583 965 14 207 591 9 186 3 902 2 828 2 456 1 402 1 206 196 358 26 28 207 97

PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS Con. Precision workers, assorted materials Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers Patternmakers, lay-out workers, and cutters Optical goods workers Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians Bookbinders Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. Precision food production occupations Butchers and meat cutters Bakers Food batchmakers Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers Inspectors, testers, and graders Adjusters and calibrators Plant and system operators Water and sewage treatment plant operators Power plant operators Stationary engineers Miscellaneous plant and system operators

265 16 17 33 34 13 104 45 331 224 86 21 105 99 5 296 58 34 153 49

293 892 388 171 394 964 105 379 632 107 076 449 820 861 959 009 174 759 639 437

303 3 5 41 22 15 205 8 160 54 73 32 34 32 2 17 3 2 7 4

078 165 502 736 570 969 301 835 280 795 096 389 835 044 791 135 095 253 602 185

207 14 16 28 28 11 71 37 252 175 60 16 90 85 5 256 50 30 133 41

154 521 033 623 002 672 287 016 887 798 847 242 773 543 230 606 694 855 849 208

219 2 3 35 18 12 139 7 118 32 59 26 26 24 2 13 2 1 6 3

OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Machine operators and tenders, except precision Metal working and plastic working machine operators Lathe and turning machine set-up operators Lathe and turning machine operators Milling and planing machine operators Punching and stamping press machine operators Rolling machine operators Drilling and boring machine operators Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators Forging machine operators Numerical control machine operators Miscellaneous metal, plastic, stone, and glass working machine operators Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. Metal and plastic processing machine operators Molding and casting machine operators Metal plating machine operators Heat treating equipment operators Miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators

3 450 107

4 010 589

2 409 029

650 217

613 409

41 280

29 108

129 919

154 596

353 392

243 965

3 176 317 26 32 5 79 11 17

2 231 70 2 4

2 440 265 23 28 5 65 10 15

1 542 56 2 3

407 29 1 1

108 244 843 663 331 8 523 1 218 1 236

406 917 9 543 337 477 129 4 314 339 558

23 265 2 029 102 188 31 607 53 83

18 322 592 7 19 15 287 15 50

78 163 4 274 339 494 168 883 70 141

102 768 1 036 25 84 22 281 13 31

227 408 15 875 1 111 914 135 4 126 338 516

161 512 3 020 99 134 33 1 244 78 196

15 311 803 212

10 924 1 715 85

2 611 122 24

769 81 –

170 – –

1 674 164 43

440 14 37

7 364 582 77

1 050 31 –

3 6 23 16 3

1 2 14 6 3 1

632 1 284 4 043 2 907 482 266

115 86 1 030 535 253 67

29 45 222 133 50 2

298 414 2 078 812 861 106

89 251 538 353 111 30

1 9 3 3

712 451 370 873 574 555

155 343 1 348 926 300 25

768 227 770 088 806 351 767 201

19 582 970 273

20 18 132 68 31 17

4 8 29 21 4 1

929 127 690 281 109 323

15 977 132 7 82 4 2 35 374 293 35 21 23

Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators Winding and twisting machine operators Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators Textile cutting machine operators Textile sewing machine operators Shoe machine operators Pressing machine operators Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators Miscellaneous textile machine operators Machine operators, assorted materials Cementing and gluing machine operators Packaging and filling machine operators Extruding and forming machine operators Mixing and blending machine operators Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators Compressing and compacting machine operators Painting and paint spraying machine operators Roasting and baking machine operators, food Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators Folding machine operators

341 153 19 579

18

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

958 805 690 442 983 31 115 1 976 4 375

105 876 16 076 1 363

Woodworking machine operators Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators Sawing machine operators Shaping and joining machine operators Nailing and tacking machine operators Miscellaneous woodworking machine operators Printing machine operators Printing press operators Photoengravers and lithographers Typesetters and compositors Miscellaneous printing machine operators

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food Crushing and grinding machine operators Slicing and cutting machine operators Motion picture projectionists Photographic process machine operators Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. Manufacturing, nondurable goods Manufacturing, durable goods Nonmanufacturing industries Machine operators, not specified Manufacturing, nondurable goods Manufacturing, durable goods Nonmanufacturing industries

558

5 185 397

205 157 788 180 345 735 529 657 861 641 370

399 535 677 187 288 220

2 982 23 1 12 1 7 157 66 13 50 27

432 054 117 864 874 523 616 124 245 712 535

1 076 419 51 041

21 4 93 10 54 82 55

250 549 074 052 543 729 377

38 3 690 24 93 136 37

1 860 20 112 23 97 61 17 116 3 7 6

837 070 546 668 976 822 356 325 796 229 699

865 12 168 4 13 7 4 19

90 36 133 8 49 411 164 189 57

357 554 879 811 210 563 760 490 313

5 8 54 1 52 199 72 87 40

662 190 314 158

976 549 293 134

293 118 125 50

824 805 375 829 141 212 088 225

85 145 13 534 1 158 18 14 106 56 23 14

098 123 071 081 291 848

11 851

439 614 222 728 784 24 989 1 531 3 540

494 612 526 868 345 897

706 053 141 980 130 747

2 416

2 284

388

175

37

299

44

1 368

97

177 286 025 560 810 496 274 964 822 409 079

18 912 875 9 532 1 578 709 6 218 136 407 54 289 11 717 46 729 23 672

13 578 518 9 708 283 256 2 813 28 546 24 369 1 426 977 1 774

2 851 135 1 494 218 105 899 12 581 7 384 907 2 166 2 124

1 884 104 1 304 88 40 348 1 914 1 549 136 100 129

291 29 140 15 12 95 881 397 81 215 188

1 212 66 617 34 33 462 9 232 7 419 639 719 455

329 8 248 12 – 61 3 162 1 471 219 877 595

5 354 183 3 134 215 206 1 616 15 563 13 356 838 436 933

1 049 7 703 41 48 250 4 585 2 583 321 725 956

223 456 14 383

696 541 34 262

62 062 4 601

221 436 15 532

2 267 113

9 466 397

17 477 242

69 431 526

35 891 240

79 545 324

4 636 906 15 754 788 9 754 15 131 10 492

125 1 27 31 9

9 431 629 412 777 898 624 133

223 33 614 66 352 520 346

439 25 5 856 115 729 1 437 468

317 103 5 603 100 4 337 6 061 714

916 51 57 602 166 2 661 6 976 533

1 124 361 18 465 546 5 141 7 262 2 752

644 236 57 623 686 8 068 10 688 1 276

484 609 177 278 988 461 492 104 534 867 689

155 179 1 866 32 977 431 2 425 1 424 1 062 3 069 238 523 3 110

14 055 268 952 189 725 381 150 841 44 100 34

6 825 124 1 217 12 98 85 65 189 3 35 95

43 476 286 3 545 294 1 629 857 241 1 877 13 93 146

28 021 215 6 047 54 442 58 38 405 6 67 346

143 904 2 015 12 854 843 5 763 2 542 834 11 059 259 573 465

71 622 750 18 768 150 698 486 290 1 010 59 238 843

110 6 68 3 1 30 319 246 32 19 20

973 290 725 192 868 368 962

14 3 52 8 34 53 41

950 146 638 552 959 755 073

27 2 444 21 54 85 26

543 349 232 448 512 643 552

474 316 699 233 165 808 997 852 952 3 209 13 730

1 401 13 75 20 71 50 13 90 2 5 5

918 892 018 064 871 581 639 444 946 596 365

603 9 109 3 9 5 3 15

919 653 070 546 729 707 060 622 025

74 29 100 8 39 306 123 139 43

450 460 968 037 242 401 429 691 281

4 6 37 1 44 137 48 59 29

495 543 221 351 158 296 413 423 460

11 753 4 147 16 674 424 4 567 57 755 25 694 24 531 7 530

1 045 1 507 9 354 69 4 661 38 152 14 873 16 205 7 074

773 450 1 293 13 331 3 001 1 178 1 278 545

99 121 513 8 430 1 702 597 769 336

689 397 2 603 126 2 781 10 980 3 489 5 831 1 660

107 122 1 813 71 1 934 6 324 2 091 3 115 1 118

2 692 2 100 12 341 211 2 289 33 426 10 970 18 159 4 297

173 360 5 169 47 1 546 16 233 6 086 8 110 2 037

889 677 191 021

493 139 236 118

944 333 484 127

203 82 87 33

820 800 544 476

93 30 41 21

53 21 21 9

4 1 2 1

2 029 729 844 456

16 4 8 4

9 3 4 1

53 15 25 12

24 9 10 4

827 361 690 586 502 755 542 179 646 2 346 9 336

257 3 20 2 17 7 2 12

965 425 552 988

266 994 405 867

510 122 060 328

919 301 558 060

972 586 597 789

638 368 639 631

802 568 801 433

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 2.

Section Five: Census Data

Detailed Occupation of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex and Race: 1990 Con.

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

Male

White

Female

Male

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

Female

Male

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

Male

Female

Male

Female

456 362 957 290 805 782 162 425 673 036 522 548 611 355

15 282 7 160 74 7 103 160 143 352 52 238 2 733 1 816 175 34 708

6 982 399 206 5 782 92 68 169 46 220 3 804 2 701 162 30 911

38 596 8 763 572 26 863 420 307 625 252 794 13 160 9 003 2 605 88 1 464

35 464 488 1 155 32 222 495 208 299 84 513 16 364 11 604 1 537 275 2 948

78 477

39 849

5 880

57 671

4 499

493 363 492 962 375 877 804 620 394 241 540 937 229 535 153 796 702 199 456 939 801 574 226 256 459 271 042 212 098 951

67 920 1 623 20 000 866 40 000 4 393 1 000 38 1 459 1 082 575 248 97 162 377 81 104 9 183 9 098 168 722 – 106 458 187 114 5 125 2 218 156 137

26 335 368 21 247 561 2 492 1 398 219 50 1 384 620 130 259 174 57 764 396 264 23 81 12 130 173 3 635 83 372 726 1 098 921 4 098 1 024 44 826

5 035 101 2 181 138 2 211 324 75 5 126 66 39 27 – – 60 – 29 – 31 719 18 161 – – 7 13 39 354 127 10 002

48 038 945 28 904 1 685 3 328 11 056 2 085 35 1 549 549 286 164 80 19 1 000 370 543 60 27 8 084 180 1 771 100 91 571 365 284 3 993 729 70 799

3 711 126 1 977 145 905 271 287 – 165 104 62 42 – – 61 19 27 – 15 623 40 121 – – 40 12 – 252 158 27 462

044 489 244 845 180 219 861 355 369 194 360 378 114 323 514 818 169 088 883 607

350 143 460 417 43 – 355 254 004 790 92 234 054 834 615 416 636 904 187 501

106 277 1 019 916 62 41 14 423 342 11 731 614 181 5 341 630 4 965 2 421 1 734 1 078 11 695 1 320 2 103

25 48 64 45 10 9 912 92 418 46 6 583 262 521 354 386 826 877 633 604

377 430 918 884 34 – 347 847 357 390 322 960 861 824 111 044 137 231 135 060

Other race

Male

Female

OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS Con. Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations Welders and cutters Solderers and brazers Assemblers Hand cutting and trimming occupations Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations Hand engraving and printing occupations Miscellaneous hand working occupations Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners Production testers Production samplers and weighers Graders and sorters, except agricultural

1 611 613 9 892 10 18 30 8 27 396 294 40 5 57

Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators Supervisors, motor vehicle operators Truck drivers Driver-sales workers Bus drivers Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs Parking lot attendants Motor transportation occupations, n.e.c. Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles Rail transportation occupations Railroad conductors and yardmasters Locomotive operating occupations Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. Water transportation occupations Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats Sailors and deckhands Marine engineers Bridge, lock, and lighthouse tenders Material moving equipment operators Supervisors, material moving equipment operators Operating engineers Longshore equipment operators Hoist and winch operators Crane and tower operators Excavating and loading machine operators Grader, dozer, and scraper operators Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

4 594 570

504 404

3 392 67 2 733 128 232 184 41 3 183 117 35 44 32 4 66 31 24 4 5 1 017 22 236 4 19 79 94 63 414 82 4 203

948 709 620 937 404 894 776 608 732 319 140 744 689 746 413 956 992 103 362 890 365 996 331 831 850 408 758 030 321 264

444 12 175 14 215 22 4

13 20 88 81 4 2 1 103 29 1 364 57 11 726 56 512 241 203 130 1 007 156 238

990 613 032 768 221 043 482 835 524 407 133 754 986 244 429 731 183 445 302 225

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and laborers, n.e.c. Helpers, mechanics, and repairers Helpers, construction, and extractive occupations Helpers, construction trades Helpers, surveyor Helpers, extractive occupations Construction laborers Production helpers Freight, stock, and material handlers Garbage collectors Stevedores Stock handlers and baggers Machine feeders and offbearers Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. Garage and service station related occupations Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners Hand packers and packagers Laborers, except construction Manufacturing, nondurable goods Manufacturing, durable goods Transportation, communications, and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade All other industries

743 596 320 566 378 792 865 417 809 886 026 360 285 215

780 30 18 681 6 7 14 6 15 437 330 19 5 80

7 4 2 1 2 1

52 1 4 1 1 1 27 12 1 038 1 1 4 3 46 8 397 2 303 30 60 28 28 238 283 74 69

910 382 917 413 127 617 193 437 824 239 982 784 505 968

1 250 509 6 657 7 15 25 7 21 319 243 33 4 39

097 701 427 962 145 252 187 051 372 668 073 037 229 329

552 22 14 477 3 6 11 5 11 313 245 14 3 49

806 305 270 728 280 180 929 672 442 784 360 795 717 912

199 453 52 709 774 136 189 1 434 1 721 2 702 518 3 406 43 656 29 582 3 334 588 10 152

3 688 936

403 213

619 826

959 642 332 416 166 439 783 181 375 527 433 222 570 302 848 041 953 49 805 070 438 816 72 469 975 575 122 829 774 920

2 700 57 2 231 115 153 115 25 2 163 103 31 38 28 4 59 30 21 3 4 825 19 207 2 16 65 85 57 302 67 3 165

059 179 097 304 172 421 315 571 262 383 819 790 685 089 879 266 040 791 782 615 601 961 765 772 896 614 434 370 202 746

358 10 146 12 168 16 3

478 7 342 7 65 44 9

21 9 781

678 258 680 836 454 390 298 148 396 502 350 608 223 713 798 785 158 721 247 630

10 15 68 62 3 1 832 21 1 043 35 6 582 42 376 199 141 84 748 112 183

645 499 488 923 863 702 692 019 020 065 741 295 745 174 454 481 657 791 411 146

1 238 967 3 967 3 209 387 371 35 711 5 683 320 214 1 516 224 251 561 21 921 44 992 24 396 20 305 167 278 201 841 50 565 52 229

5 3 1

2

39 1 3 1 1

534 554 749 926 370 609 188 138 459 174 682 892 460 140 285 933 763 40 549 220 212 615 72 347 419 321 939 230 065 600

15 11 2 4 3 4 2 125 1 16 1 1 10 5 4 75 10 635 2 2 10 9 148 4 221 18 3 92 10 97 24 39 23 159 26 33

132 5 1 118 1 1 2 74 55 2 15

6 1 51 32 6 11 2 5 37 50 15 10

3 2

1 2

12 25 16 6 5 3 4 18 3 3

8 7 1 7 8 2 1

108 35 1 64 1 1 1

315 263 473 449 219 369 999 544 999 669 552 209 346 562

202 828 329 391 455 379 634 210 976 29 251 15 795 742 872 11 842

188 288

12 335

140 1 109 3 8 12 4

023 854 880 425 037 142 353 332 143 526 365 594 521 46 617 128 443 30 16 122 610 055 157 340 198 060 077 357 268 942

9 759 238 4 425 341 3 680 842 233 – 166 101 75 13 13 – 65 8 30 – 27 2 410 – 197 – 16 51 42 30 868 1 206 63 719

35 28 34 27 7 – 618 460 763 23 – 078 602 060 567 849 717 391 199 696

818 1 918 7 363 7 200 82 81 95 159 3 272 63 047 3 144 529 29 780 2 636 26 958 9 929 17 654 17 142 69 640 12 553 16 309

30 72 155 138 7 10 702 659 997 127 28 152 384 306 866 829 701 708 663 600

1 17 10 1 5

2 1

46 7 1 2 2 1 28 3 285

53 1 1 47

2 13 10 1 2 1 23 19 5 4

119 224 278 875 214 819

14 387 69 948 55 509

85 363 215 745 152 126

9 315 51 876 37 856

23 150 36 421 39 027

3 609 10 462 11 145

1 724 2 495 4 053

311 483 846

1 610 6 500 3 926

345 2 435 1 716

7 377 17 714 15 687

807 4 692 3 946

445 737

554 214

233 019

299 484

145 307

173 957

8 295

8 617

16 894

21 411

42 222

50 745

EXPERIENCED UNEMPLOYED NOT CLASSIFIED BY OCCUPATION Unemployed, no recent civilian work experience

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

19

559

20

560

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

Civilian labor force 35 to 39 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 40 to 69 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 70 years and over Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree

Civilian labor force 16 years and over Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 16 to 19 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 20 to 24 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 25 to 29 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 30 to 34 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree

United States

27 5 7 6 4 3

8 1 2 2 1

9 1 3 2 1 957 161 383 769 652 990 024 378 261 692 196 494 930 329 221 170 97 111

188 422 461 590 674 40 323 551 976 694 685 416 928 476 052 896 722 781

7 1 2 2

9 1 2 2 1

986 594 142 382 031 834 632 275 785 569 2

66 13 19 18 10 5 3 2

803 167 871 525 440 800 277 946 524 153 910 744 200 525 773 028 239 635

201 875 416 602 399 909 960 324 302 853 256 225 372 211 561 360 122 118 790 236 114 503 689 248 799 466 271 180 743 139

Male

7 595 784 2 227 2 537 1 306 738 22 262 3 822 7 682 6 090 2 680 1 985 632 224 203 121 46 36

481 653 575 398 935 920 685 520 733 904 933 595 333 926 202 419 212 574

249 223 312 928 857 929 941 905 914 526 371 225 467 839 754 850 207 817 938 144 777 378 700 939 404 236 357 453 499 859

Female 487 044 580 990 122 748 421 814 819 784 2

6 552 717 1 989 2 923 872 48 7 876 810 2 246 2 740 1 722 356 8 145 869 2 410 2 792 1 491 581

56 9 17 17 8 3 3 1

All persons

888 881 302 178 332 192 425 305 79 40

730 319 152 167 56 35 1 712 884 316 307 109 94 31 19 4 3 1 2

971 465 264 211 26 3 1 068 473 266 236 70 22 947 412 219 212 68 34

5 2 1 1

868 763 593 074 333 105 574 472 146 730 568 658 458 686 593 511 151 517

180 037 899 798 936 510 295 613 139 207 297 39 802 127 785 847 722 321 644 494 095 308 503 244 539 882 548 121 362 626

Male

632 184 189 222 32 3 694 207 184 213 71 17 644 214 162 182 59 24 077 085 906 295 151 640 841 342 919 564 292 724 327 325 130 208 803 861

543 557 908 662 105 311 429 632 284 165 337 11 938 852 590 657 828 011 845 497 661 792 597 298 086 824 418 981 097 766

Female 133 582 069 071 283 126 316 189 73 53

544 193 137 142 45 25 1 280 580 317 254 73 54 20 12 4 2

4 1 1 1

Hispanic origin (of any race)

652 454 424 986 745 041 706 649 592 462 1

7 064 622 1 913 2 256 1 426 845 22 205 3 544 6 171 5 690 3 723 3 077 820 264 202 157 91 103

5 203 727 1 818 2 043 583 30 6 989 832 2 290 2 082 1 446 336 7 662 813 2 435 2 293 1 471 647

52 8 15 14 8 5 2 1

328 720 076 495 246 791 919 112 005 206 573 023 931 832 942 370 851 936

638 569 300 616 491 662 332 246 658 770 504 154 073 778 106 440 493 256 127 517 552 569 902 587 928 364 961 766 922 915

Male

White

5 791 390 1 738 1 978 1 064 619 17 783 2 367 6 448 5 041 2 249 1 676 535 168 182 109 41 32

880 510 872 164 878 456 813 943 051 628 373 818 418 433 470 932 820 763

483 218 802 840 387 236 456 427 081 261 536 151 808 879 308 561 905 155 726 393 538 624 306 865 382 633 482 670 569 028

Female 590 541 994 164 747 142 599 358 616 623 1

4 876 381 1 456 2 254 744 39 5 886 426 1 690 2 044 1 433 291 6 116 447 1 862 2 112 1 211 482

43 5 13 14 6 3 2 1

761 187 308 232 30 2 922 194 345 276 90 15 947 196 325 289 103 32

108 828 951 600 493 235 385 251 87 45

822 172 259 254 93 43 2 209 788 614 495 172 138 59 38 10 6 2 3

6 1 1 1

754 027 168 922 332 305 408 477 607 379 382 563 911 059 151 437 184 080

277 444 237 233 306 057 022 815 776 279 140 12 324 618 156 485 888 177 305 017 686 510 615 477 553 431 693 221 765 443

Male

Black

950 151 290 331 118 59 2 418 697 736 613 196 173 65 39 13 7 2 2

620 029 501 599 292 199 072 547 873 156 615 881 627 354 832 553 525 363

324 158 712 092 021 341 725 382 655 355 303 30 238 811 853 949 835 790 800 668 152 565 895 520 242 367 846 915 556 558

Female 727 528 070 173 652 303 396 210 104 81

817 124 288 342 56 3 1 007 141 314 392 136 22 1 071 163 321 403 140 41

6 1 2 2

57 11 18 20 5 2 148 43 39 42 12 9 2 1

65 15 23 19 4 1

67 17 26 19 3

56 16 22 16 1

426 124 137 121 28 15 28 18 6 3

672 141 407 171 190 763 042 043 980 456 940 623 416 236 478 364 144 194

376 335 479 297 017 248 289 986 119 173 11 – 961 654 439 188 514 166 708 367 306 241 850 944 288 908 750 704 368 558

Male

53 8 16 20 5 2 126 31 38 39 9 6 2 1

57 10 18 22 4 1

54 10 18 20 4

45 9 16 17 1

365 85 116 125 26 12 25 14 6 4

681 411 572 808 303 587 835 688 731 900 574 942 455 159 583 476 149 88

896 216 946 448 139 147 424 607 361 446 – 10 568 099 893 580 844 152 206 022 915 022 491 756 727 230 891 216 778 612

Female

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Not of Hispanic origin

Educational Attainment of the Civilian Labor Force by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text]

Table 3.

276 33 39 69 70 63 734 114 116 153 176 173 15 5 3 2 1 1

188 22 45 84 31 4 268 31 45 77 73 40 297 35 45 79 73 64

1 864 290 314 483 427 347 83 46 18 17

447 726 385 237 614 485 721 377 566 268 968 542 165 572 529 304 883 877

689 890 786 808 462 743 947 822 852 949 304 20 394 985 738 371 149 151 105 661 170 587 066 621 910 747 546 092 478 047

Male

250 40 42 63 72 31 641 141 138 139 151 72 8 3 2 1

173 15 36 83 35 2 227 23 37 67 75 24 249 31 43 68 74 31

1 631 295 317 444 410 163 79 39 18 21

298 409 429 203 619 638 900 030 331 001 053 485 157 440 117 209 907 484

072 426 916 251 367 112 899 514 662 507 195 21 740 865 295 542 348 690 578 408 054 352 533 231 500 760 028 437 712 563

Female

Asian or Pacific Islander

13 4 3 3 1 1

5 1 1 1

7 2 1 2

7 2 2 2

6 2 2 2

46 15 11 11 4 2 4 2

734 790 242 626 725 351 613 465 220 114 479 335 319 140 80 42 26 31

041 600 715 850 187 689 075 842 758 475 – – 818 049 337 029 356 47 901 180 305 288 753 375 581 134 773 276 848 550

Male

Other race

11 3 2 2 1

4 1 1 1

6 1 1 2

5 1 1 2

6 1 1 2

925 209 295 329 692 400 224 970 828 655 026 745 349 215 70 41 8 15

931 648 028 635 838 782 008 343 871 792 – 2 175 333 815 561 447 19 783 156 457 023 878 269 467 422 692 234 787 332

Female 38 11 10 11 3 1 4 2

Section Five: Census Data This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Table 4.

Section Five: Census Data

Educational Attainment of the Civilian Labor Force by Age, Sex, and Race: 1990

[Data based on sample and subject to sampling variability, see text. For definitions of terms and meanings of symbols, see text] All persons

United States

Male Civilian labor force 16 years and over Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 16 to 19 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree

66 13 19 18 10 5 3 2

986 594 142 382 031 834 632 275 785 569 2

201 875 416 602 399 909 960 324 302 853 256 225

Civilian labor force 20 to 24 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree

7 1 2 2

188 422 461 590 674 40

Civilian labor force 25 to 29 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 30 to 34 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree

9 1 2 2 1

Civilian labor force 35 to 39 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 40 to 69 years Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree Civilian labor force 70 years and over Not high school graduate High school graduate (includes equivalency) Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree Graduate or professional degree

EEO SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT

White

Female 487 044 580 990 122 748 421 814 819 784 2

249 223 312 928 857 929 941 905 914 526 371 225

372 211 561 360 122 118

6 552 717 1 989 2 923 872 48

323 551 976 694 685 416 928 476 052 896 722 781

790 236 114 503 689 248 799 466 271 180 743 139

8 1 2 2 1

957 161 383 769 652 990

803 167 871 525 440 800

27 5 7 6 4 3

024 378 261 692 196 494

277 946 524 153 910 744

930 329 221 170 97 111

200 525 773 028 239 635

9 1 3 2 1

56 9 17 17 8 3 3 1

Male 699 789 114 651 963 179 913 794 632 484 1

109 849 162 724 799 575 884 690 532 746 739 177

467 839 754 850 207 817

5 662 928 1 947 2 154 599 32

7 876 810 2 246 2 740 1 722 356 8 145 869 2 410 2 792 1 491 581

938 144 777 378 700 939 404 236 357 453 499 859

7 1 2 2 1

7 595 784 2 227 2 537 1 306 738

481 653 575 398 935 920

22 3 7 6 2 1

262 822 682 090 680 985

685 520 733 904 933 595

632 224 203 121 46 36

333 926 202 419 212 574

55 9 16 15 8 5 2 1

Female 826 299 587 777 930 230 757 450 653 651 1

627 495 956 659 838 679 561 925 354 452 679 151

375 498 611 495 607 164

5 190 463 1 550 2 370 765 40

508 038 423 205 489 350 136 995 548 406 514 671

525 915 577 901 640 492 271 726 036 848 583 078

7 438 764 1 992 2 348 1 462 869

355 201 841 753 737 823

8 2 2 1

23 3 6 5 3 3

196 990 363 890 802 149

426 241 193 687 671 634

843 277 206 160 92 106

273 578 372 294 822 207

45 6 14 14 6 3 2 1

Male 247 890 984 631 501 239 393 258 89 46

539 088 940 122 704 685 905 019 519 215 140 12

690 703 285 658 255 789

781 195 314 237 31 2

6 241 518 1 785 2 157 1 476 303 6 451 542 1 948 2 212 1 248 498

584 788 329 785 376 306 324 656 218 921 987 542

6 083 477 1 814 2 060 1 094 637 18 2 6 5 2 1

American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut

Black

6 1 1 1

Female 6 1 2 2

Male

Asian or Pacific Islander

Female

Male

847 570 099 207 661 307 404 214 106 82

642 966 809 378 598 891 435 907 484 701 313 30

459 138 145 130 29 16 31 20 6 3

892 391 379 358 529 235 175 999 700 465 11 –

391 93 124 133 27 12 27 15 6 4

580 612 477 625 565 301

834 128 293 349 57 3

100 957 522 869 868 884

62 19 24 17 1

623 211 026 611 589 186

49 10 18 19 1

447 068 202 059 957 161

196 24 48 87 31 4

945 202 351 282 92 15 969 204 331 295 105 33

030 042 909 748 375 956 946 521 250 041 794 340

1 026 146 318 399 139 23 1 090 168 326 410 142 42

981 468 985 243 269 016 275 686 114 626 410 439

73 19 27 20 4 1 70 17 25 21 4 1

322 366 858 946 142 010 788 978 109 399 609 693

58 11 20 21 4 61 11 19 23 4 1

525 006 243 695 796 785 648 289 867 755 978 759

680 100 186 954 213 227

842 179 263 260 94 44

389 803 424 125 808 229

966 156 294 336 120 60

880 174 216 349 072 069

62 12 19 21 5 3

140 501 467 588 558 026

57 9 17 22 5 2

552 669 651 212 301 717

463 901 022 419 907 214

2 253 811 624 502 174 140

888 376 065 898 828 721

2 458 715 746 620 199 176

519 858 556 939 100 066

157 47 41 44 13 10

339 045 718 985 476 115

134 34 40 41 9 7

549 176 185 111 42 33

325 422 562 470 421 450

60 38 10 6 2 3

801 715 296 470 194 126

66 39 13 7 2 2

452 916 932 651 566 387

2 505 1 291 501 364 144 205

420 1 918 998 181 305 847 132 328 164 858 499 649 407 434 747 842 350 591 759 88 033 989 49 290 986 19 737 774 18 682 – 304 10 20

Other race

Female

Male

1 684 307 330 460 420 165 84 41 19 22

082 632 045 743 039 623 022 541 708 550 202 21

2 660 663 1 470 700 569 771 469 749 101 620 48 823 205 963 152 326 36 814 16 745 62 16

409 934 317 276 672 210

181 17 38 86 36 2

397 001 546 930 176 744

485 253 127 93 9 1

277 33 47 80 74 40 305 37 47 81 74 64

055 763 748 490 147 907 839 597 868 332 652 390

235 24 38 70 77 24 256 33 44 70 76 31

337 510 991 168 188 480 906 153 693 991 185 884

089 232 359 179 557 762

283 35 40 71 71 63

495 522 957 438 725 853

257 41 43 65 74 32

392 378 868 902 970 274

752 118 119 158 180 175

619 962 949 060 332 316

2 560 1 219 607 494 149 91

15 5 3 2 1 1

548 779 588 371 915 895

Female 1 737 772 438 411 82 31 148 91 33 23

478 949 370 290 975 894 164 543 382 049 177 13

385 956 130 353 689 257

296 98 89 97 10 1

833 110 199 334 951 239

519 257 125 104 25 7 445 220 100 91 23 10

858 150 022 418 385 883 955 644 008 560 105 638

314 109 83 91 25 5 285 113 71 74 18 7

511 372 229 487 071 352 251 452 465 160 939 235

610 958 755 388 436 073

331 169 67 67 17 9

424 140 182 621 612 869

230 100 58 52 12 6

222 189 059 528 657 789

660 145 142 143 154 73

401 944 173 447 916 921

664 411 112 95 25 18

005 322 599 523 603 958

456 256 102 72 15 11

910 439 114 197 040 120

8 3 2 1

409 525 179 269 936 500

8 073 6 162 1 016 529 164 202

UNITED STATES SUMMARY

5 587 3 844 922 535 140 146

21

561

FURTHER READING

Adelman, Ken. Reagan at Reykjavik: Forty-Eight Hours That Ended the Cold War. New York: HarperCollins, 2014. Print.

Majewski, Lori. Mad World: An Oral History of New Wave Artists and Songs That Defined the 1980s. New York: Abrams, 2013. Print.

Batchelor, Bob, and Scott Stoddart. The 1980s (American Popular Culture through History). Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2006. Print.

Mallon, Thomas. Finale: A Novel of the Reagan Years. New York: Pantheon, 2015. Print.

Bernstein, Jonathan. Pretty In Pink: The Golden Age of Teenage Movies. New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1997. Print.

Mann, James. The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War. New York: Penguin, 2010. Print.

Brown, Archie. The Rise and Fall of Communism. New York: Ecco, 2011. Print.

New York Times. The Times of the Eighties: The Culture, Politics, and Personalities that Shaped the Decade. The New York Times, 2013. Print.

Day, Christine. A Retro Collection of 70s and 80s Short Stories. Amazon Digital, 2012.

Pemberton, William. Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan. New York: Routledge, 2015. Print.

Ehrman, John. The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006. Print.

Rossinow, Doug. The Reagan Era: A History of the 1980s. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. Print.

Freed, Les, and Sarah Ishida. The History of Computers. Emeryville, CA: Ziff-Davis, 1995. Print.

Sirota, David. Back to Our Future: How the 1980s Explain the World We Live in Now-Our Culture, Our Politics, Our Everything. New York: Ballantine Books, 2011. Print.

Grant, James. Money of the Mind: How the 1980s Got That Way. New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 1994. Print. Jackson, Michael. Moonwalk. New York: Crown, 1988 (reissued 2009). Print. Jenkins, Philip. Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Johnson, Michael. A 1980s Childhood: From He-Man to Shell Suits. South Carolina: History Press, 2013. Print. Kaufman, Will. American Culture in the 1980s. Edinburgh University Press, 2007. Print. Kengor, Paul. The Crusader: Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism. New York: Harper, 2007. Print.

Stross, Randall. Steve Jobs & The NeXT Big Thing. Amazon Digital, 2012. Print. Taborrelli, J. Randy. Madonna: An Intimate Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007. Print. Tannenbaum, Rob. I Want My MTV: The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution. New York: Plume, 2013. Troy, Gil, and Vincent J. Cannato, eds. Living in the Eighties. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Troy, Gil. The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Walser, Robert. Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan, 1993. Print.

563

INDEX

A AARP News Bulletin, 159 ABBA, 159 ABC, 161 Adams, Bryan, 164 Adler, Mortimer, 108 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 158 Affirmative Action hiring quotas, 166, 171 AIDS blood test for, 163 Haiti and, 74 New York City and, 117 Albuquerque, New Mexico, 134 Almagest (Ptolemy), 109 Amadeus, 162, 164 American Bandstand, 167 American Bantam Car Company, 130 American Cancer Society, 163 American Federation of Labor (AFL), 149 American Football League, 65 American Furniture Company, 44, 46 American Motors Corporation, 166 American Pro-Freeze rallies, 22 American Revolution, 122 America’s Cup, 157 Ameritech, 157 Anchorage Daily News, 168 Andrews, Tommy Lee, 168 Andropov, Yuri, 159 An Dung, 147-152 Animal conservationist, 91-95 Annapolis, Maryland, 110-111 Annual income of standard jobs, 175 Ansell America, 166 Anthony, Susan B., 25 Anti-abortion protesters, 141-146 Apple Computer, 18, 19 Apple Inc., 157 Apple Macintosh, 162, 165 Aristotle, 109 Art Institute of Chicago, 170 Artists, 71-74 ARTnews magazine, 162 Ash-Shiraa, 164 Aspartame, 161 Associated Press, 195-196 Atari, 50

The A-Team, 161 Atkins, Chet, 13 Atlanta Falcons, 66 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), 41 AT&T, 158 Austin, Stephen F., 16 Austin, Texas, 15-16 Austin City Limits, 11-14, 15

B B-2 Stealth bomber, 166 Back to the Future, 162, 163, 164 Bad, 169 Bakker, Jim, 169 Ballard, Robert, 166 Baltimore Colts, 67 Baltimore Orioles, 157 Bankers Trust Company, 116 Barkin, Ellen, 32 Barney Miller, 159 Barr, Stringfellow, 108 Bassett Furniture, 46 Bates, Bill, 67 Batman, 169 “The Battle for Grenada, American Troops Take Charge on the Island but Face Surprisingly Stiff Opposition,” 196 Bay Area Woodworkers Association, 61 Beals, Jennifer, 157 Beanfield rifle, 99 Beatles, 87 Bee Gees, 13 Behavioral Science Research Institute of Coral Gables, 74 Behr, Alex, 81-86 Behr, Naomi, 81, 84-85 Beloved (Morrison), 171 Belushi, John, 158 Bendix, 82 Bennett, William, 115, 170 Berbick, Trevor, 164 Berry, Chuck, 87 Better Homes and Gardens, 159 Beverly Hills Cop, 164 Big Mac, 127

The Bill Cosby Show, 162, 165 “Billie Jean,” 159 Bill of Rights, 122 Billy Bathgate (Doctrow), 167 Bilotti, Thomas, 163 Birdseye, Clarence, 10 Bishop, Maurice, 36 Bissell, Phil, 65 Blashfeld, Edwin Howland, 122 Blondie, 161 Bloom, Allan, 166 Bluford, Guion S., 160 Boaz, Noel, 46 Bon Appetit, 212-213 The Bonfire of the Vanities, 167 Boom operator, 27-33 Borg, Björn, 157 Bork, Robert H., 141 Born in the U.S.A., 165 Boston Patriots, 65 Boy George, 162 Bradley, Milton, 50 Brain (computer virus), 163 Branch, Taylor, 170 Braniff Incorporated, 167 Braniff International Airlines, 157 Brann, Eva, 109 Brawley, Tawana, 167 BRC (Bantam Reconnaissance Car) 40, 130 The Breakfast Club, 164 British Antarctic Survey, 165 “Broncos, Saints Inspire Opposite in Fans,” 204 Broughton, Harold, 99 Buchanan, Scott, 108 Burack, Alicia, 35-40 Burlington Industries, 116 Burns, Beverly Lynn, 162 Burns, Jethro, 13 Burroughs, 165 Bush, George H. W., 141, 145, 166, 168, 170 Business Week, 203 Buster, John, 162 Butler, Pennsylvania, 130 Butler, Richard, 130

This index covers content in Section One: Profiles.

565

Index

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

C A Cabinetmaker’s Notebook (Krenov), 60 Caesar, Sid, 32 Cahill, Carleen, 87-90 California Institute of Technology, 104 California Wilderness Act, 162 Calvin and Hobbes, 162 Calvin Klein, 169 The Capital (Annapolis, Maryland), 201, 204 Capital Cities Communications, 161, 162 Captain Power, 169 Carnegie, Dale, 126 Carter, Jimmy, 4, 5 Cash Register Service, 125-130 Cassatt, Mary, 158 Castellano, Paul, 163 Castle, Wendell, 60 The Catcher in the Rye, 158 Catsby, Mark, 119 Cavanaugh, Thomas Patrick, 164, 165 CBS, 167 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 170 Cellists, 75-80 Census of Population, 1990, 349-561 Challenger (space shuttle), 160, 165 Chang-Diaz, Franklin, 165 Channel Tunnel, 166 Chariots of Fire, 158, 159 Charles, Ray, 13 Charleston, West Virginia, 155 Charlie’s Playhouse, 15 Charlotte Hornets, 66 Chávez, César, 162 Checker Motors Corporation, 157 Cheers, 171 Cher, 171 Chicago, Illinois, 151-152 Chicago Blitz, 66 Chicago Daily Herald, 213-214 Chicago Fire, 68 Chicago Industrial Area, 151 Children’s Television Theatre Company, 32 Choral Festival, 89 Chrysler Corporation, 166 Citicorp, 114 Citizen Kane, 169 Civil Liberties Act, 170 Civil Rights Restoration Act, 167 Clapton, Eric, 11 Clark, Barney, 158, 160 Clark, Dick, 167 Clark, Edward, 122 Clark, Robert Sterling, 122 Classical music singer, 87-90 Clean Water Bill, 167 Cliburn, Van, 171 The Closing of the American Mind (Bloom), 166 Coard, Bernard, 36 Coard, Phyllis, 36 Cobain, Kurt, 154 Cobb, Ty, 163 Coca-Cola, 161, 162 Cocaine, 167 Cold War, 21, 101 Coldwell Banker & Co., 160

566

Coleco, 50-51 Collins, Phil, 165 The Color Purple, 163, 164 Columbia (space shuttle), 165 Columbia County Opera Company, 90 Columbia Pictures, 170 Commodore International, 50, 158 Common Sense (Paine), 122 Commonweal, 199 Compact disk, 158 Comparative Statistical Tables, 219-236 Computer “mouse,” 158 Connecticut Grand Opera, 79 Construction workers, 53-58 Consumer expenditures, 173 Contract on Cherry Street, 31 Corporate takeovers, 162 The Cosby Show, 171 “Country Balladeer to Give Acoustic Concert in SF,” 192-193 Cowden Plantation, Jackson, South Carolina, 101 Crack, 162, 167 “Cries of Plague for Mysterious AIDS,” 194-195 Cronkite, Walter, 161 Cross-country runners, 131-134 Cuomo, Mario, 116 Cyclosporine, 159

D Dallas, 158 Dallas Cowboys, 169 Davis, Darrell “Mouse,” 68 The Day After, 159 Dear John, 171 Defender, 153 “Defense Key in Playoffs,” 201 De Klerk, F.W., 169 Delgado, Anna, 21-26 Della Femina, Travisan and Partners, 116 Delligatti, Jim, 127 Delta Force, 1-6 DeMunn, Jeffrey, 32 Denver, Colorado, 4-5, 69 Denver Broncos, 65, 67, 169 Denver Gold, 68 Desert One, 3 Desperately Seeking Susan, 163 Dewey, John, 150 Die Fledermaus; and Musetta in Puccini’s La BohPme, 88 A Different World, Dear John, 171 Diff’rent Strokes, 158 “Dining on an Ancient Hilltop,” 212-213 Dinkins, David, 167 Discovery Channel, 92, 164 Disney, 92 Divorce rate, 158 DNA, 162 Doctrow, E.L., 167 Dominion Textile, Inc., 116 Dominique, Edwidge, 71-74 Donald, David Herbert, 171 Don Giovanni, 88

Donkey Kong, 153 Donna Anna, 88 Donna Elvira, 88 Douglas, Michael, 171 Dow Jones Industrial Average, 158, 162, 163, 167 Doyleston Intelligencer, 215 Drexel, Burnham, Lambert, 162 Driving Miss Daisy, 168 Drosophila research, 104 The Dukes of Hazzard, 158 DuPont, 46 Duran Duran, 162

E Eastern Air Lines, 167 Eastwood, Clint, 154 Eat to the Beat, 161 Eddie and the Cruisers, 32 Edelman, Asher B., 116 Edelman, Rabbi, 75 Edith Wharton Project, 32 Education progressive, 149 vocational, 149-150 “Education, A Case of Despair,” 188 Edwards v. Aguillard, 169 Eight-Week Cholesterol Cure, 167 Endangered Species Act, 92 Enriquez, Alberto, 1-6 Entrepreneur, 125-130 Equal Rights Amendment, 158, 160 Ernie’s Chicken Shack, 15 “Every Breath You Take,” 159 Exxon Corporation, 116 Exxon Valdez, 167, 168, 170

F Fadiman, Anne, 185-186, 192 Femina, Jerry Della, 116 Fernández y Krohn, Juan María, 160 Field of Dreams, 168 Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act, 167 The Fine Art of Cabinetmaking (Krenov), 62 Fine Woodworking Magazine, 64 1st Special Forces Operation D, 2 Flashdance, 157, 158 Fleetwood Mac, 13 Fleischmann, Martin, 170 The Flying Change (Taylor), 164 Follet, Ken, 157 Fonda, Jane, 157 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 163 “Football Fanatics Set Record Straight,” 204-205 Forbes, 210-211 Ford Motor Company, 121, 161 Ford Taurus, 163, 164 Forest Reserve Act, 95 Fort Bragg, California, 63 Fossey, Dian, 162

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

Franklin, Aretha, 166 Freezeniks, 22 The French Lieutenant’s Woman, 159 Frisk, Bob, 213-214 Fruit tramp, 7 Fund for Renewable Energy and the Environment, 117 F.W. Woolworth, 157

G GAF Corporation, 84 Game Boy, 153 Garcia, Rigo, 53-58 Garnier, Charles, 120 Gayle, Crystal, 14 General Conference on Weights and Measures, 157 General Motors, 121 General Westmoreland, 163 Geneva, Switzerland, 85-86 Ghostbusters, 164 Giamatti, Bart, 167 Giant Food, Inc., 114 G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, 49 Gimble, Johnny, 13 Glass Houses, 161 Gleason, Jackie, 48 Global Positioning System (GPS), 159, 168 Glory, 168 “Glory Days,” 164 The Gods Must Be Crazy, 164 Golan, Menahem, 32 Golden Girls, 165 Goldfarb, Ronald L., 188 “Gold Medal Gear,” 209 Goldovsky, Boris, 89 Goodman, Benny, 87 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 161, 167, 168 Gordon, Glenn, 64 Gould, Elliott, 32 Government-Issue Joe, 49 The Grapes of Wrath, 158 Gravely Furniture Company, 46 Great Black Migration, 151 “Great Expectations,” 210-211 Great Underground Empire, 153 Grenada, 39 “Grenada’s Gain, Our Loss,” 199 “Grenada Syndrome,” 197 Grisham, John, 167 Grisman, David, 13 Groening, Matt, 169 Gunmakers, 97-101 Gustav VI, King of Sweden, 60

H Haggard, Merle, 13 Hahn, Jessica, 169 Haiti, 73-74 Hall, McDowell, 111 Hamilton, Alexander, 56 Hammond, James Henry, 101

Index

Hansel and Gretel, 88 Harris, Barbara Clementine, 166, 170 Harris, Emmylou, 14 Harris Trust and Savings Bank of Chicago, 168 Hasbro Industries, 47, 48-51 Hassenfeld, Helal, 47 Hassenfeld, Henry, 47 Hassenfeld Brothers, 47-48 Hauser, John, 163 Hayes, Woody, 42 Heidi Chronicles (Wasserstein), 168 Helga Pictures, 166 Hemingway, Margaux, 32 Hendricks, John, 164 Hessenfeld, Stephen, 47-52 Hezbollah, 159 “High Blood Pressure? It May Be in Your Genes,” 203 Highway to Heaven, 165 Hillsdale, New York, 90 Hill Street Blues, 159 Hipp, Irby, 153-156 Hitler, Adolph, 125 “Hitler Diaries,” 160 HMMWVs (high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles), 138 Hollings, Ernest, 158 Holmes, Johnny, 15 “Homecoming Album for a Hostage, the Year Jimmy Lopez Missed,” 185-186 Honda, 11 Honda Accord, 158 Honda Acura, 164 Hopkins, Lightnin’, 13 Horvitz, Samuel A., 116 House Calls, 158 Houston and Texas Central Railway (H&TC), 16 Houston Grand Opera Festival, 89 Howe, Charles, 65 Howe, Paul, 65-70 “How Software Is Manufactured,” 189-190 How to Win Friends and Influence People (Carnegie), 126 Hudson, Rock, 161, 165 Humperdinck, E., 88 “107 Immigrants Arrested As Illegal in Jersey Raid,” 195-196 Hurricane Hugo, 137 Hutchins, Robert, 108

I IBM Personal Computer, 159 “I Have a Dream” speech, 171 Immigrant Act of 1965, 147 Immigrants An Dung, 147-152 Nguyet Nguyen, 147-152 Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), 28, 74 Imposters, 32 Inc., 189-190, 193 Industrial Revolution, 51

In Search of Excellence (Peters and Waterman), 157 Institutional Investor, 202 Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs), 21 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, 164 International Whaling Commission, 159 The Iowa State University Press, 188 I Pagliacci, 89 Iran, 4-5 Iran-Contra Affair, 166, 170 Irving, John, 167 “Islands in the Stream,” 159 It (King), 165

J Jackson, Michael, 159, 161, 162, 169 Jaffen, Ruth, 79 Jaffen, Valerie, 75-80 “James Krenov, Reflections on the Risks of Pure Craft,” 64 Jane Fonda’s Workout Book (Fonda), 157 Jansson, Solveig, 202 Jarrett, James Kenny, 97-101 Jarrett rifles, 99-100 The Jeffersons, 158 Jefferson Starship, 164 Jobs, Steve, 164, 165 Joel, Billy, 161, 170 Johns Hopkins University, 48 Johnson, Junior, 46 Jones, Grace, 162 Jones, Jerry, 169 Josephs, Ira, 215 Judas Maccabeus, 89 Judas Priest, 11

K The Karate Kid, 164 Kellogg’s, 159 Kenya, 169 Key, Francis Scott, 108 Khomeini, Ayatollah, 2, 4, 169 The Killing Fields, 164 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 160, 164, 171 King, Stephen, 165 King Philip of Spain, 134 Kiss (musical band), 159 Kiss of the Spider Woman, 163, 164 Klare, Michael T., 197 Knapp, Maria, 103-105 Kodak, 161 Kodak Fling, 169 Koontz, Dean, 167 Koop, C. Everett, 171 Krenov, Dimitri, 59 Krenov, James, 59-64 Krenov, Julia, 59 Kristofferson, Kris, 14, 15

This index covers content in Section One: Profiles.

567

Index

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

L La BohPme, 89, 90 “Lady,” 159 La Finta Giardiniera, 90 The Last Emperor, 171 The Last Temptation of Christ, 167, 168 La Traviata, 89 Law & Order, 32 Lawson, Brad, 11-16 Lawyers, 113-117 Le Baron Jenney, William, 151 Lehar, F., 88 Lend-Lease Program, 59 L’Enfant, Pierre, 56 Leoncavallo, Ruggiero, 89 Lerner, George, 48 Levine, Dennis, 162 Life, 185-186, 192, 194-195 Like a Virgin, 165 LISTSERV, 163 Live-Aid concert, 163 “The Live Music Capital of the World,” 16 L’oca del Cairo, 90 “London Homesick Blues,” 13 Lonesome Dove (McMurtry), 164, 165 Look Homeward: The Life of Thomas Wolfe (Donald), 171 “Looking for Dedication? Cross Country Sets the Pace,” 213-214 Los Angeles, California, 19 Los Angeles Rams, 45 Los Angeles Times, 207 Lotus 1-2-3, 159 Louisiana Purchase, 73 “Love Shack,” 170 Lower Colorado River Authority, 16 “Lucille,” 13 “The Lucrative Little LBO Shops: Who Needs Mega-Mergers?”, 202

M Macintosh II, 169 Madison, James, 122 Madonna, 163, 165 Maggart, Brandon, 32 Malmsten, Carl, 60 “Maniac,” 159 Marathon Oil, 161 Martin, Joseph, 46 Martinsville, Virginia, 46 Marvel Comics, 50 M*A*S*H, 158 Mason, George, 122 “Material Girl,” 163 Matrix, 19 Mattel, 48, 50-51 Matuse, Skeeter, 9 McAdam, Amy, 78 McArt, Craig, 60 McAuliffe, Christa, 166 McCandless, Bruce, II, 162 McClintock, Barbara, 105 McDonald’s, 126, 127, 159

568

McGwire, Mark, 170 McMullen, Robert, 35, 36, 37 McMurtry, Larry, 164, 165 McNally, Art, 43 “The Meaning of Grenada,” 200 Megatrends (Naisbitt), 157 Mendocino Woodworker’s Guild, 60 Mercedes, Hector, 162 Mercury Sable, 163 Merrifield, Bruce, 162 The Merry Widow, 88 Metal Health, 160 Metromedia, 164 Miami, Florida, 73-74 Miami Dolphins, 46 Miami Vice, 165 “Michael Jackson Inks Multimillion-Dollar Deal With Pepsi,” 205-206 Michel, Jean-Louis, 166 Microsoft Corporation, 164 Microsoft Word, 159 Midnight (Koontz), 167 Midnight Cowboy, 127 Migrant workers, 7-10 Military Police Battalion, 135 Miller, Glen, 87 Miller, Robert “Red,” 67, 68 Milton Bradley Company, 50-51 Miranda ruling, 165 Mitchell, Joni, 87 Modern Maturity, 159 Monaco, 122 Mondale, Walter F., 163 Monday Night Football, 45 “A Moon-Made Match, Two of the Reverend’s Disciples Embark on a ‘Spiritual Blind Date’”, 192 Moonstruck, 171 Moore, Tiny, 13 Morgan Stanley Group Inc., 116 Morris, Philip, 170 Morrison, Toni, 169, 171 MTV, 159 Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act, 95 Munch, Edvard, 122 Murder, She Wrote, 165 Museum of Modern Art, 161 Music World, 11, 15 Muskegon Symphony, 88 MX missile, 21 Myers, Charles Coughlin, 141-146 “My Hometown,” 164

N Naisbitt, John, 157 NASCAR, 46 The Nation, 197 National Abortion Rights Action League, 143 National Association of Broadcast Engineers and Technicians (NABET), 30, 31 National Association of Manufacturers’ (NAM), 149 National Basketball Association, 159 National Cash Register (NCR), 126, 128

National Commission on Excellence in Education, 151 “National Day of Prayer,” 160 National Football League (NFL), 43-46, 162 National Football League referee, 41-46 National Forest Management Act, 95 National Geographic, 159 National Manufacturing Company, 128 National Organization for Women, 143 National Origins System, 147 National Review, 200 A Nation at Risk, 151 Neeland, Joseph, 30 Nelson, Willie, 13, 16 Neville Brothers, 13 “New Abolitionist Movement,” 22 New Deal, 141 New England Patriots, 66 “The New Program,” 108 News Corporation, 164 Newsweek, 196 New World Peruvian architecture, 170 New York City, 32-33, 116-117, 145 New York City Industrial Area, 151 New York City Opera Touring Company, 89 New York Giants, 169 The New York Times, 116, 143 NeXT, 164 Nguyet Nguyen, 147-152 Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 109 Night Court, 161 Night of the Living Dead, 130 Nike, 133 “9 to 5,” 159 Nintendo Entertainment System, 153, 164 Ninth Symphony, 89 Nirvana (musical band), 154 Nixon, Richard, 163 Noble, Richard, 160 No Jacket Required, 165 Noriega, Manuel, 136, 169, 171 North, Oliver, 166, 168, 169 Nulph, Sharon, 126 The Nutcracker Suite, 87 NutraSweet, 159

O Occidental Petroleum Corporation, 114 Ocean Spray, 160 O’Connor, Sandra Day, 160 Office Depot, 164, 169 Office for Civil Rights, 167 Off the Wall, 161 Olcott, New York, 10 On Golden Pond, 159 On the Wings of Eagles (Follet), 157 Opera, 88 Operation Rescue, 142, 143-145 The Oprah Winfrey Show, 165 Original Appalachian Artworks, 116 Osbourne, Ozzy, 160 Out of Africa, 163, 164 Over the Brooklyn Bridge, 32

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

P Pac-Man, 153 Panama, 139 invasion of, 135-139 Panama Canal Treaty, 136 Panama Defense Force, 136 Parting the Waters: America in the King Years 1954-1963 (Branch), 170 Passive smoking, 160 Paterson, New Jersey, 56-58 Paul, Pope John, II, 160 Pawtucket, Rhode Island, 51-52 Pennsylvania Railroad, 125 People, 211-212 Perelman, Ronald O., 51 Perez de Cuellar, Javier, 171 Perishing Rifles, 83 Perkins, Carl, 13 Peruccia, Carmine, 169 Peters, Thomas J., 157 Petrov, Stanislav, 160 Petty, Richard, 46 Phantom of the Opera, 166 Philadelphia Phillies, 157 Picasso, 160, 165 Piccolo, Carlos, 131-134 Piedmont Arts Association, 46 Pinchot, Gifford, 95 Pink Floyd, 161 Pioneer 10, 160 Pixar Animation Studios, 165 Places in the Heart, 164 Planned Parenthood, 145 Poindexter, John M., 168 Polaroid, 161 Pons, Stanley, 170 Popular Mechanics, 209 Portugal, Eugene J., 63 Posner, Daryl, 115 “Prab Robots Inc. Keeps It Simple,” 190 A Prayer For Owen Meany (Irving), 167 Presley, Elvis, 168 Prince, 162 Prince Charles, 157 Private Benjamin, 158 Private Dancer, 165 Professional football player, 65-70 Progressive education, 149 Protesters Delgado, Anna, 21-26 Myers, Charles Coughlin, 141-146 Prozac, 170 Ptolemy, 109 Putnam, C. O., 8-9 Putnam, Elizabeth, 7-10

Q Quiet Riot, 160 Quigley, Adam, 113-117 Quigley Ullberg Creswell, 113, 114-115

Index

R Raiders of the Lost Ark, 159 Rainbow Warrior, 163 Rain Man, 169 Rambo, 164 Rambo: First Blood Part II, 163 Ramone, Johnny, 159 Ramsay, Frank, 61 Random House, 165 Rappaport, Mark, 32 Rather, Dan, 161, 171 Reader’s Digest, 159 Reading Le Figaro, 158 Reagan, Nancy, 157 Reagan, Ronald, 56, 115, 141, 159, 160, 165, 167, 170 “Reagan’s Case Against the Freeze,” 193-194 Red Hot Chili Peppers, 160 Regan, Donald, 168 Regan, Nancy, 168 Reindollar, Bill, 125-130 Reindollar, Isabel, 125 Reindollar, Paul, 125 Revolutionary War, 110 Reynolds, Dean Witter, 160 Ride, Sally, 160 Rifles developer, 97-101 Roberts, Xavier, 116 Robinson, Eddie, 163 Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), 60 “The Rod Stewart Concert Video, Video News,” 206 Roe v. Wade, 142, 145, 161 Roger and Me, 168 Rolling Stone Magazine, 22, 205-206 Rolling Stones, 87, 160 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 141 Roosevelt, Theodore, 149 Rose, Pete, 163, 164, 167 Roseanne, 171 Rosser, Jim, 41-46 Rubik’s Cube, 160 Rushdie, Salman, 169

S Saban, Lou, 65 Salerno, Mafiosi Anthony “Fat Tony,” 169 Salina Journal, 204-205 Sam Sunday and the Strange Disappearance of Chester Cats, 127 Sandia National Laboratories, 134 San Diego, California, 105 Santa Fe New Mexican, 192-193 Saratoga Arts Festival, 89 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 155 The Satanic Verses (Rushdie), 169 “Say, Say, Say,” 159 Scheidler, Joseph, 145 Schlafly, Phyllis, 158 Schroeder, William J., 166 Scientists, 103-105 Scorsese, Martin, 167 Scott, Windale, 46

Search for Tomorrow, 161 Sears, Roebuck, 160 Second World War, 1 “Securing Participants Keeps Coaches on the Run,” 215 Seinfeld, 171 Selected prices for 1982, 176-178 for 1985, 178-180 for 1988, 180-181 Seneca, New York, 25-26 Seneca Army Depot, 24 Sex, Lies and Videotape, 168 Sharpton, Al, 167 Shroud of Turin, 170 The Simpsons, 154 The Simpsons, 169 “6-Month Surge in AIDS Reported,” 195 60 Minutes, 158 Slater, Samuel, 51 Slayton, Aaron, 107-111 “Slow Hand,” 159 Smith, Douglas, 153 Smith, Samantha, 159 Smith-Hughes Act of 1917, 150 Society for the Establishment of Useful Manufactures, 56 Softec, 17-18 The Solution to Rubik’s Cube, 158 “Songwriter’s Special,” 13 Space Defense Initiative, 21 Spencer, Lady Diana, 157 Spenser for Hire, 165 Sperry Rand, 165 Spinks, Michael, 170 Sprague, Luella, 135-140 Springsteen, Bruce, 164, 165 Spuds MacKenzie, 169 Stamford, Connecticut, 79 Stamford Marriott Crossword Puzzle Tournament, 79 Stamford Museum and Nature Center, 79 Stamford Symphony Orchestra, 79 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 25 “The Star Spangled Banner,” 108 “Starting Over,” 159 Star Wars, 49 Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, 158 Statue of Liberty, 162 Stewart, Robert L., 162 St. John’s College, 108-110 Strauss, J., 88 Strong de Larrain, Margaret, 116 Sullivan, Louis Henri, 151 Summer, 32 “Summer of ‘69,” 164 Sun Myung Moon, 160 Super Bowl XIV, 45 Super Bowl XVII, 46 Super Bowl XXI, 169 Super Mario Bros., 164 Swim with the Sharks without Being Eaten Alive, 167 Szmanda, Jake, 91-95 Szmanda, Larry, 91, 93-94

This index covers content in Section One: Profiles.

569

Index

This Is Who We Were In The 1980s

T “Take It on the Run,” 159 Tax Reform Act, 116 Taylor, Charles, 52 Taylor, Elizabeth, 7 Taylor, Henry, 164 Taylor, Maggi, 27-33 Terminator, 164 Terry, Randall A., 143 Tetris, 162 Texas Instruments, 50 Texas Oil Boom, 16 Texas Playboys, 13 Texas v. Johnson, 169 Thomas, Eric, 163 Three’s Company, 158 Thriller, 159 Tilsner, Greg, 17-20 Time, 161 Time and Warner Communications, 171 Time magazine, 116 A Time to Kill (Grisham), 167 Timex, 160 Tokyo Disneyland, 158 Tommy Hilfiger brand, 165 Too Close for Comfort, 158 “Top 100,” 193 Toshiba, 121-122 “Total Eclipse of the Heart,” 159 Tower Records, 33 The Tracey Ullman Show, 169 Treaty of Paris, 110, 111 Trump: The Art of the Deal, 167 Turner, Tina, 165 Tutors, 107-111 Tutu, Desmond, 162 TV Guide, 159 “Twins Scott and Stuart Gentling Sell off a High-Priced Audubon and Give Wing to Their Own Bird Book,” 211-212 Tyson, Mike, 162, 164, 170

U U2, 11 “Under Attack,” 159 Unemployment rate, 166 for African Americans, 159 Union Carbide, 82, 83-84, 171 Unisys, 165 United Auto Workers, 161 United Nations, 139 English Language Radio, 28 Resolution 37, 161

570

United States Football League (USFL), 68 University of Colorado, 133 University of Texas, 12, 15, 16 UPI, 195 USA for Africa, 163 USA Today, 161 U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, 30 U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 171 U.S. Rabbinical Assembly of Conservative Judaism, 166 U.S. Steel, 161

V Value of a dollar, from 1860-2015, 182 VCR sales, 161 Video-game players, 153-156 Video Walkman, 166 Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial, 161 Vietnam War, 22 Virgin Atlantic Airways, 166 Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 46 Virginia Museum of Natural History, 46 Vocational education, 149-150. See also Education Vocational Education Act, 150 Voyager 2, 166 Vulcan Gas Company, 15

W Wainwright, Loudon, 194-195 Waiting (painting), 158 Waits, Tom, 13 Walker, Jerry Jeff, 13 Walker, John, 162 Walker, John Anthony, Jr., 164 The Wall, 161 Wall Street, 171 Waltari, Ahmed, 119-122 Waltari Enterprises, 121-122 Waltari Imports, 121 Warhol, Andy, 168 Washington, DC, 139 Washington, George, 122 Washington, Martha, 122 Washington Redskins, 46, 66 Wasserstein, Wendy, 168 Waterloo, 16 Waterman, Robert H., 157 Waters, Andre, 67 “We Are the World,” 163, 165

We the Americans reports, 234-348 Weather Channel, 161 Webber, Andrew Lloyd, 166 Webster, 161 “We Built This City,” 164 Weeping Woman (painting), 165 Welcome Letter to College of the Redwoods, 64 Wendy’s Hamburgers, 164 We’re Fighting Back, 32 Wheel of Fortune, 161 When Harry Met Sally, 168 White, Rex, 46 Whitney Museum of American Art, 79 Wilder, Douglas, 167 Willamette National Forest, Oregon, 94-95 Williams, Ephraim, 122 Williams, Vanessa Lynn, 161, 166 Williamstown, Massachusetts, 122 Wills, Bob, 13 Windows 1.0, 164 Windows 2.0, 169 Wines, Michael, 207 Winters, Shelley, 32 With Wakened Hands (Krenov), 60 Women’s Encampment for a Future of Peace and Justice, 22, 23 The Wonderful World of Oz, 32 The Wonder Years, 171 World Football League (WFL), 66, 68 World Health Organization, 161, 171 World War II, 49, 59, 110, 136 World Wrestling Entertainment, 171 WrestleMania, 166 WrestleMania III, 171 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 151 Wyeth, Andrew, 166

Y Yo, 160 You Better Watch Out, 32 Young Artists Philharmonic, 79, 80

Z Zayicek, Alice, 136, 138 “0.5 Percent of Families Found to Hold 35 Percent of Wealth,” 207 Zonk, 153 Zwilich, Ellen Taaffe, 158