Theodore Roosevelt on Race, Riots, Reds, Crime

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LABADIE COLLECTION

AC 8

R775

Ineodore Roosevelt ON__

RACE –

RIOTS_ REDS_ CRIME COMPILED BY ARCHIBALD B. ROOSEVELT

Probe. e BOOKS

THE MCH ,

OBRA

PRICE $ 1.00

Theodore Roosevelt ON

RACE_ RIOTS

REDS_ CRIME Compiled by Archibald B. Roosevelt

Order Extra Copies From

CHRISTIAN NATIONALIST CRUSADE SAD P.O.

Box 27895 , Calif . 90027

Los Angeles

Probe Veritas Petatur “

Let the truth be sought rightly . ”

i

This book is dedicated with reverence and admiration to of my father , Theodore Roosevelt . A. B. Roosevelt

the memory

Copyright ©1968 by Probe

Research , Inc.

Labadie Collection

Ae THEODORE ROOSEVELT

3

R75

1858

-

1919

Member , New York State Legislature

( 1882

–

1884 ) .

Unsuccessful candidate for Mayor of New York City ( 1886 ) Member , U.S. Civil Service Commission ( 1889 President ( 1895

,

–

1895 )

New York City Board of Police Commissioners

–

1897 )

Led Rough Riders in Spanish

- American

War in Cuba

( 1898 )

Governor of New York State

( 1899

Vice - President of United States President of United States Led Expedition in Africa

–

1900 )

( 1901 )

-

( 1901 ( 1909

–

Led Expedition in South America

1909 ) 1910 )

( 1914 )

Led campaign in sympathy with allied powers ( 1917

Throughout

–

1918 )

this book refers to the Memorial Edition of Prepared under the auspices of The Roosevelt Memorial Association between years 1923-26 . This edition of 24 volumes was limited to 1050 sets . the Works

,

of Theodore Roosevelt .

We wish to thank the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Asso ciation for furnishing the photograph on the cover and for the use of their library facilities .

ii

Labadie

lillection

Gar

r

FOREWORD

0898025-29

by Archibald B. Roosevelt Our most vociferous intellectuals and liberal politicians , have in these times , been shrilly persistent that little or nothing can be learned from the past . According to them the technological growth , and the vast improvement in morals , manners and intel

-

of modern man - ( particularly of youthful modern man ) render such studies , laughable and obsolete , except where some thing can be taken out of context or falsified ; even Karl Marx , from whom they got most of their ideas , is considered laughably outdated . ligence

Abraham Lincoln , was long used as a symbol for favorable comment , because , so said our liberals, he believed in complete integration of races . Constant repetition of this , however , forced some independent research into actions , writings and sayings of Mr. Lincoln , and when the true facts were finally known , the liberals quietly dropped Mr. Lincoln into the oubliette . Mark Twain has been said to remark that when he was years old , he was horrified at his father's ignorance , but that when he reached his twenty - first birthday ,>he was astonished to see how much the old man had learned in so short a time . eighteen

I

have had a somewhat reverse English on this profound observation . When I got to be twenty - two , I began to think a little for myself , and I found to my immense surprise that nearly everything I thought was , according to my friends , and many of

my family , contrary Roosevelt .

to the thoughts of my father , Theodore

I have never been in politics in the sense of running for of , fice but I have been interested in the philosophy of politics , and have even collaborated in writing some books and articles on the subject and taking some action , most of which my friends, and most of my family , have pointed out would meet the disapproval of Theodore Roosevelt . iii

I finally realized that these people must be in direct com munication with my father from the other world or else they were talking through their collective hats . So not being myself able to talk to my father I thought I would find out if in the past , he had voiced any of the opinions my friends and family claim he had .

I to

it was

this

necessary for my friend , Zygmund

)

at

,

as

of

I

,

at

.

be on I

.

of

.

us

of

-

of

)

(

research

(

the published works and Theodore Roosevelt the twenty four volumes 12,851 pages containing well over four million words the Memorial Edition was astounded what my father had learned January 6th 1919 Oyster Bay and since his death felt given due recognition his ideas should vital problems that today At least until such time are with we get uncontrovert proof spirit messages ible that some the are authentic sayings

minutely

in all

To accomplish

Dobbs and

in

a

of

a

,

.

,

-

it all

;

a

,

to

His ideas show that our fathers and grandfathers were confronted by very much the same problems that we have face today and by reading little history and by little less Johnny know attitude we might make real headway solving these problems and learn from our forebears successes and failures

to

so

,

the silliness

those who sound

if

dismiss

as

Let

of

us

.

to

as

in

be

as

.

It

.

a

is

compilation This work has not been editorialized The footnotes give complete references where the passage original anyone can found the that can check for them selves the authenticity and proper context they

.

to on

he

by

;

if

be

of

have contact with the ghostly revenant Theodore Roosevelt any political figure today did try Of this we can certain implement the policies propounded my father would spend

iv

all .

to

of

be

I

to

an

some

,

I

as a

surprise This book will come am sure inspiration interest others and hope

to

.

as

by

as a

of in

rest

of

prison political martyr sentenced his life violating innumerable counts Federal Law laid down our present United States Supreme Court the

CONTENTS Chapter

I

ON NEGROES - RIOTS -CRIME SOCIAL DECAY & PROGRESS Crime of Slave - Traders Is Bringing Negroes Here Presence Of Negroes Is The Real Problem . Negroes Must Be Punished For . Violence Just Like Whites Only Southern Whites Can Deal With Southern Negroes .. Men Cannot Be Forced To Accept The Negro . Other Races Should Not Be Sentimentally Favored Granting Rights Does Not Mean Social Intermingling Condemns Negro Soldiers For Murdering Whites Denounces White Northern Demagogues And Bleeding Hearts - Decries Negro Practice Of Sheltering Black Lawbreakers Negro Must Show - Perseverance , Thrift , And Self -Control Some Northerners Hypocritical Towards South Legislation Cannot Make Negro An Equal Worst

1

-

1

1

2

2

-

3

-

Only White Leadership Can Guide Negro To Rights .. Negroes Must Oppose Negro Criminals . Northerners Must Realize The Southern Complexity Prime Task – Negro Moral And Industrial Uplifting Backward Race Must Be Trained For Civilization .

V

3 5

6 6 7 7 7 8 8

Chapter 1 ( cont )

Benefits Made By Abolitionists Absurdly Exaggerated Merit And Not Race Is Guide To Public Jobs Negroes Must Support Lawmen Crime is Racial Enemy Half Of Early New York City Population Was Negro Murdering Groups Of Whites They Were Finally Massacred . A Stupid Race is Kept Low By Lack Of Intellectual Growth Technical And Industrial Skills Most Needed By Negroes Treat Each Black And White Strictly On Merits Negro Who Protects Criminals Is Enemy Of His People Reward Good Citizenship

9 9 9

-

Regardless

Of

Race

.

Negroes Must - Fight Crime Build Family Win Respect . Widely Different Races Should Not Be In Intimate Contact . Purity For Racial And The Right To Social Segregation Racial Violence Must Be Crushed . With Ruthless Resolution

-

Chapter

10 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 15 16

II CAPITAL

PUNISHMENT FOR RIOT PLOTTERS AMERICAN TRADITION TO OWN ARMS FOR SELF DEFENSE TYRANNY OF MINORITIES CREATES

ANARCHY

17

Violent Fanatics And Rioters Should Be Killed . Disarming Citizens Gives Criminals A Field Day . No Justice Unless Government Suppresses Violent Mobs . Tyranny And Anarchy Have Always Stalked Liberty vi

17 17 18 19

Chapter

II

( cont . )

There Should Be Ten Times The Number of Rifles In The U.S. . Courts Should Punish Mob Violence In Summary Manner . Riots Must Be Stopped Forcibly Minority Opinion Must Be Checked By Law And Public Opinion Anarachy Due To Disorder And Lawlessness Injures All Firm Law Enforcement Needed Against Mobs Government Must Relentlessly Put Down Violence . Mob Violence Must

III

20 21 21

22 22

23

Of Minorities

23

The Real Danger . Only A People Capable Of Freedom Deserve It . . Chapter

20

22

Be Suppressed . Resist Tyranny Of Political Privilege And Of Minorities

Tyranny

19

NO WELFARE FUNDS FOR THE LAZY , THE CHISELERS THE DEGENERATES AND THE IMMORAL

23 ,

Permanent Relief As Bad As . Vice Or Oppression Warned Against Policies Which Breed The “ Beatniks ” Charity For The Shiftless An Evil Care Of Family Comes Before Crusading .. Not A Life Of Ease But Strenuous Endeavor Builds A Great Nation Envious Idlers Whine While Living Off Others Through Relief Against Big Families For The Shiftless Foresaw The Crisis Of The Cities Work Is A Blessing And The Idler Should Be Scorned . . vii

25 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 28 28

Chapter

III

( cont . )

Learn To Carry Your Own Weight Before Saving The World Owning Indians Were Nomads

-

.

No Land . Let Both Whites And Indians Who Won't Work Perish Cast Off The Shiftless - Temper Mercy With Justice . False Leaders Preach Ease And . Pleasure Instead Of Effort

Chapter

.

29

29 30 31

IV REDS INCITE ASSASSINATION

OF PRESIDENTS EFFEMINATE LEFTIST INTEL LECTUALS DEBAUCH THE

YOUTH

PUNISH REDS BEFORE AND NOT AFTER THEY ACT Terrorists Should be Stamped Out Before And Not After They Commit Atrocities Advocates Of Political Murder Are Criminals Killer Of President Incited By C Red Propaganda Apologists For The Reds Are Morally Accessories Of Murder Before The Fact Marxian Socialism Is Based On Dangerous Fallacy Parlor Bolshevik Intellectuals And Pink Tea Sissies Can Lead The People To Ruin Academic Revolutionary Fools Harm True Social Reform Morbid Vanity Of Extremists Who Thirst For Notoriety Demagogue And Corruptionist Are Natural Allies Denounces Riot , Revolution , Cheap Money and Crime

..

viii

32

32 32 33

33 34

36 37 38 39 40

IV

( cont . )

Shooting Of T.R. Inspired By Agitators And Excused By Do - Gooders . Parlor Reformers Reflect Cowardice And Hypocricy Vigilantes And Lynch - Law Necessary During Social Anarchy Civilization Is Based On Law And Anarchy Breeds Tyranny Order With Peaceable Redress There Is No Justification Of Rebellion . . Populations Without Self - Control Invite Tyranny Fantastic Extremists Are “ Mock Reformers ” The Corrupt , The Agitator , The Dreamer Are A Menace Distrust Reformers Who Find . Wickedness Only In The Rich Attractive Demands Of Revolu tionary Demagogues Is A Snare Anarchy Breeds Despotism

-

Legal Sedition As Immoral As Illegality .

Chapter V

COURTS HAVE NO RIGHT TO INTERPRET THE CONSTITUTION VOTERS SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO RECALL JUDGES ' DECISIONS PROMISCUOUS PARDON . POWER ABUSED American Right To Criticize Judges Judges Have No Right To Make Laws By Interpretation American People , Not Judges , Are Ultimate Authority Leniency Through Pardons Does Harm To Cause Of Justice People Should Have Right For Judicial Recall .

ix

B 42 & 43 B .

B 44 B 44

ţ 44 45

for 45 46 46 47 47 47

48 48 48 &&&&

Chapter

48 49

50

Chapter

V

( cont . )

Chapter

The People , Not The Courts , Should Set Social Policy Oppose The Courts Or Mobs Who Pervert The Constitution Courts Power To Interpret Is Power To Establish . People Should Be Able To Recall Unfit Judges The People Must Have Power To Fashion True Justice . . Public Should Decide On Constitutional Interpretation Crime Committed In The Name Of A Cause Is No Excuse Well Intentioned Reformers Often Frame The Worst Laws . Swift And Severe Legal Punish ment Will Prevent Lynching

51 •

51

52 52 53 .

53

54 54 54

VI FOR FIRM POLICE ENFORCEMENT EXPOSE THE MAWKISH JUDGES AND MUSHY SENTIMENTALISTS VICTIMS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN CRIMINALS RAMPANT CRIME WILL BREED VIGILANTES Weakening

57

The Police Power

Increases Dishonesty And Crime Sympathy Belongs To The

57

Victims Not The Criminals . Violent Crime Must Be Punished With Police Severity Too Lenient Judges Nullify Police Law Protection Police Must Be Armed Well And Required To Be Just The More Atrocious Crimes Attract Most Maudlin Sympathy Firmness Against Criminals Will Deter Mob Violence Change Laws That Coddle The Criminal

57

X

58 58 59 .

59 60 60

Chapter

VI

( cont . )

Chapter

VII

Death Penalty For Murder And Rape

Police Cannot Be Guided By Mushy Sentimentality Laws Cannot Change A Man's Will Or Character Outdated Laws Favor The Criminal Against The Public Sentimentality And Technicality Cripple Criminal Laws

PACIFISM AS AN ENEMY WEAPON TO UNDERMINE AMERICA OUR FOES MOBILIZE THE EFFEMINATE , THE COWARDLY , THE DUPES AND THE BARBAROUS Ancient Civilizations Destroyed By Pacifism . Pacifists Do More Harm Than Thieves And Grafters Non - Patriot A Foe Of Mankind College Bred Pacifists Are The Most Pernicious Empty Resolutions And Phony Treaties A National Menace Pacifism In Civil Life Aids Crime National Pacifism Aids Tyranny . The Bestial And The Effeminate Hide Under Pacifist Colors Songs Of Protest ? Political “ Peace ” Panderers Exploit Fear And Softness International Wrong Doers Like Criminals Only Respect Effective Force Pacifists Are Tools Of Alien Militarism Pacifist Doves Cripple The Forces Of Right Flabby Pacifists Represent Unmanly Emasculation Pacifism By Nature Is Also Against Law Enforcement

xi

61 61 61

62 62

64 64 64 65 65

66 66 68 68 68 69 70 70 71 71

Chapter

VII

( cont . )

Easier To Stop All Crime Than To Get World Peace

72

Weaklings Who Cannot Take Their

Own Part Encourage Evil Pacifists Harbor Many Who Lack “Virile Manliness ” Neither Local Crime Nor Inter national Perfidy Can Be Arbitrated Advocates Of Non - Resistance Against Enemy Worse Than Criminals Condemning Righteous War Is Like Damning Police War On Crime Pacifism Can Destroy America When Tyranny Rules The Debate Over " Rights ” Is Ended For Good

Chapter

VIII

73 73 74 .

74 75 75 76

AFRICAN SAVAGES 50 TO 100 THOUSAND YEARS BEHIND WHITES IN DEVELOPMENT NEGRO POPULATION GREW ONLY UNDER WHITE RULE Some Africans Are Ape - Like Negro And Eskimo Savages 50 100 Thousand Years Behind African Negroes Are Child - Like And Despise Any Weakness

...

To

African Population Flourishes Under White Dominion Negroes Did Not Domesticate Tamable African Animals Australian Aborigines A Low Racial Type . Negroes , Australoids A Backward Vestige Of Early Man . African Negro Religions Bestial With No Ethical Basis . . U.S. Negroes Enjoy Advantages Compared To African . Indiscriminate Cannibalism In Congo Free State White Rule Leads African Blacks Out Of Savagery

xii

77 77 77 79

80 81 81

82 82 83

84 84

Chapter

VIII

( cont . )

Chapter

Revolution Impelled Haitian Negroes Into Savagery

85

Blacks And Half - Caste Are Negroid In Body And Mind . Self -Government Impossible For . Tribal Savages ..

IX

New World A Heritage For White Civilization Negro Freedom Gained Through Shedding Of Whites Blood . Sometimes Slavery Is Better Than Savage Anarchy . Mass Oriental Immigration Would Be A Calamity Widely Different Peoples Should Not Be Mixed . Conquest By Inferior Barbarian Races Brings Sheer Evil Masterful White Texans Supplanted A Weaker Race Need To Practice Elemental Law Of Racial Well - Being Major Racial Differences Out Weigh Other National Factors .

X

86

WHITES MOST SUITABLE TO BUILD CIVILIZATION IN NEW WORLD TEMPERATE ZONES NEGRO FREEDOM GAINED BY SHEDDING OF WHITE BLOOD WIDELY DISSIMILAR RACES SHOULD NOT MIX RACIAL DIFFERENCES THE

MAJOR FACTOR

Chapter

86

88

88 89 89 89 90 90 91 91 .

MISCELLANY SNEERING INTELLECTUALS ARE WEAKLINGS TRUE FREEDOM MUST BE EARNED CHEAP JOURNALISM SPREADS CORRUPTION ONE MAN , ONE VOTE - A DECEPTIVE

VALUE

xiii

92

Chapter X

AFFLUENCE MINUS SPIRITUAL VALUES IS CORROSIVE . .

93

Real Conservatives Are Progressive Radicals Are Wreckers .

93

Sneering Intellectuals Are Unhealthy Beings .

93

No Freedom Without Responsibility And Self -Control . . The Term “ Science ” is Kidnapped By Materialists Lofty Principles Prematurely Applied Can Bring Ruin Freedom Is Only For Those Who Deserve It White -Wash Or Mud - Slinging Both Equally Evil In Politics Sensational Newspaper Exaggeration Promotes Corruption And Vice . Patronage Corrupts Political Parties -Creates Bossism The Vote Is Useless For Those Who Are Not Fit For Self -Government Achievement Is More Important Than Political Titles High Sounding Phrases A Cover For The Slothful Weakling Virtue Plus Efficiency Is Necessary For Good Government Slanted Journalism Degrades Public Life . The Idle Poor And The Idle Rich Are Unfit Citizens

94 94 95 95

96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 :

100

Weak Public Servants Cloak Base . Actions With Fancy Talk Vapory Long Range Aims Harm Needed Immediate Cures Material Prosperity Is No Substitute For Spiritual Values

xiv

101 101 101

1

ON NEGROES - RIOTS - CRIME - SOCIAL DECAY AND PROGRESS

Of Slave Traders Is Bringing Negroes Here Of Negroes Is The Real Problem

Worst Crime

;

-

.

be

to

is

it

condemned without stint

right minded men and this ground alone From all

is ethically abhorrent to

Slavery

in it on

Presence

is

,

of

be

to

be ,

In

.

;

of is

of

.

of

,

it

is

of

the standpoint the master caste condemned even invariably more strongly because the end threatens the very existence that master caste From this point view the pres problem negro slavery merely ence the the real the worst possible method solving the problem their earlier stages the .

,

;

to

1889

)

261

(

260

,

XI ,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

in

of

,

, in

,

of

.

on

of

-

,

it

;

as

as

to to

,

its

of

in

America were one There may dif how solve the problem but there can be none whatever the evil wrought by those who brought about that problem and was only the slaveholders and the slave traders who were guilty this last count The worst foes only humanity especially not and civilization but the white race America were those white men who brought slaves from slavery Africa and who fostered the spread the States and Territories of the American Republic problem and solution opinion ferences

Negroes Must Be Punished

For Violence Just Like

Whites

ago certain

negro

a

years

its

of

;

all ,

.

to

,

of

A

troops shot up Texas companies town and the other members their shielded them from punishment The government proceeded the limit power against them and dismissed them from the army not few

to

1

rich

poor whether they ,

are

or

whether they

-

be

-

it

as

as

without regard

to

,

of

be

;

,

a

because they were black men who had committed crime against white men but because they had acted criminally and justice should invoked against wrong doers without regard the color their skins just should invoked against wrong doers

are

capitalists and heads of corporations who commit the crimes

of cunning and arrogance and greed , or wage workers and mem bers of labor organizations who commit crimes of violence and envy and greed

XXI,

Mem . Ed .,

.

178 ( 1917 ) .

Only Southern

Whites

Southern Negroes

Can Deal With

The white man in other countries can do very little to help the colored man in this country ; and so , within our own limits , the white man in one section can do but little for the colored man in another section compared to what can be done by that colored man's own white neighbor , if this white neighbor will only himself undertake

the

task .

party has proceeded

For nearly half

a

century the Republican

on the theory that the colored man in the

South , in order to secure him his political rights , should be encouraged to antagonize the white man in the South ; for nearly half a century the Democratic party has encouraged the white man

of

the South to trample on the colored nian

Mem . Ed

., XIX ,

.

415 ( 1912 ).

Men Cannot Be Forced To Accept The Negro

In the South we propose to proceed just as we are proceed ing in the North , by appealing to what is best in the best men in the country

,

the most upright and honest and far - sighted citizens . The

average American objects to being driven , but he is susceptible to any appeal made frankly to his sense of honor and justice . We no

to try , or pretend to try , to dragoon the people of or Louisiana than the people of New York or Illinois . We feel that when the movement is allowed to come from within , the men of the right type from the South Atlantic and Gulf States more propose Georgia

will act who is a another . Mem . Ed

their brethren elsewhere act ; and then the colored man good citizen will have the same chance in one place as in

as

., XIX ,

417 ( 1912 ).

2

Other Races Should Not Be Sentimentally Favored Granting Rights Does Not Mean Social Intermingling In the next place , as regard every race , everywhere , at home or abroad , we cannot afford to deviate from the great rule of righteousness

which bids us treat each man on his worth as a man . He must not be sentimentally favored because he belongs to a given race ; he must not be given immunity in wrong - doing or per mitted to cumber the ground , or given other privileges which would be denied to the vicious and unfit among ourselves . On the other hand , where he acts in a way which would entitle him to respect and reward if he was one of our own stock , he is just as entitled to that respect and reward if he comes of another stock , even though that other stock produces a much smaller proportion of men of his type than does our own . This has nothing to do with social intermingling Mem . Ed ., XIV ,

,

with what is called social equality .

104 ( 1910 )

Condemns Negro Soldiers For Murdering Whites - Denounces White Northern Demagogues And Bleeding Hearts - Decries Negro Practice Of Sheltering Black Lawbreakers have been amazed and indignant at the attitude of the of short - sighted white sentimentalists as to my action .

“ I

negroes and

It

has been shown

conclusively that some of these troops made

a

midnight murderous and entirely unprovoked assault upon the citi zens of Brownsville - for the fact that some of their number had been slighted by some of the citizens of Brownsville , though war ranting criticism upon Brownsville moment as provocation for such

not to be considered

, is

a

murderous assault

.

All

for

a

the

including their veteran non instantly , commissioned officers banded together to shield the criminals . In other words , they took action which cannot be concerned

and which ,

not merely

that

the

or white ,

if

,

black or white , in any policeman , black taken generally

usefulness

in the army would mean army

was

an

tolerated in any soldiers

,

at

companies

the

the

of

of

3

men

end but

submit

by .

things There has been great pressure not only

weigh

at

.

,

and where possible

,

.

to

keep the negro vote

in

I

always

the sentamentalists

well any action which may cost votes before

I

I

As

but the Northern politicians who wish you know practical politics believe

Under no condition of

once

such

a

to

would

circumstances

entirety by

in I

conceivable

its

that it had better be disbanded

is

of

,

of

a

one

in

take

merely

it ;

to

but case like this where the issue not right and wrong but one vital concern the whole country will not for one moment consider the political effect consent

that part

my mes

,

the grave and

I

,

of

.

this also

In

another side

speak about lynching which you have read fact that the negroes too often band together

to of

vil

sage

to

“

There

is

.

I

,

to

naked

shelter their in

I

it ,

words

to

.

I

should

-

,

Vice Chancellor Sewanee Tenn

it .

University

the

of

.

,

,

South

of

Lawton Wiggins

,

Doctor

B.

To

of

as

I

if

recreant failed deeds well emphasize with the utmost severity my disapproval

as

my duty

by

to

I

to

I

among the negro troops

this identical attitude displayed be

.

is

it

I

,

.

to

,

-

to

,

an

helping own criminals which action had undoubted effect precipitate the hideous Atlanta race riots condemn such atti strongly fraught tude for feel that with the gravest danger both races Here where have power deal with find

by

did not

I

those vital matters where

is

an

,

in to

,

I

important

-s

Northern

of

in

politics and things actually ,

As in

.

not feel that

a

.

political considerations

4

this world

unwise

our

being thoroughly practical

do to

are

,

all

proper heed

paying in

in

believe

of

I

, .

stand me

had

say

political ex consider questions personal expediency Do not misunder

right

and still less

I

.

feel that pediency

was just one any

demagogues

where the negro vote

those

of

But

regret

to

factor

it

especially

,

States

taken

self eeking

and in

sentimentalists

be

to

the attitude certain

I

of

it

of

I

I

took the stand

I

“

did on these negro troops politically because course realized that trouble would come When

man can accomplish much

good in public life unless he does so . But I believe still more

for

of

a

.

is

my action

have been said about

It

,

If

.

In

all .

strongly that when we come to root questions affecting the welfare of the entire nation , it is out of the question for an honorable man , whether in public or private life , to consider political expediency at this instance the question was really one those root questions the troops had been white troops nothing would curious thing that these

same politicians and sentimentalists

I

to

,

of

in

the past

in

of to

,

,

thrift

its

of

of

;

its

.

to

its

by

.

It

at

,

in

is

.

is

It of

.

is

to

.

use

get

prove

be

must

lines

order

the race own hands worked out patiently and persistently along these Remember also that the white man who can be most the colored man that colored man's neighbor the

-

of

and

chiefly

.

of

-

an

is

most needed

that this progress may continue The race cannot expect everything once must learn wait and bide time showing possession perseverance itself worthy self control The destiny

what

to

what

,

is

Moral and industrial education

indication

the future under wise leadership is

you have done accomplish able

,

in

35 (

).

,

Thrift And Self Control

Perseverance

in

be

you will

1906

to

What

34 ,

33 ,

Negro Must Show

-

XXIV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

."

in

I

to

do

who denounce me because refuse favor the colored troops have always opposed me when have endeavored secure recognition for by appointments giving decent colored men them their own northern communities injustice

of

Southern people themselves who must and can solve the difficulties of

to

in

for the colored man

to

up

.

of 5

of

of

in

to

-

,

,

in

of

now and

advancement

his steady

in

and

The hope

the

improve his moral common sense effort harmony with the white material condition and work upbuilding the Commonwealth The future the South upon living depends the people both races the spirit letter the laws their several States and working out the

South lies man

of

given

.

fully

be

of

;

in

that exist the South course what help the people the rest gladly and cheer the Union can give them must and will

races , not as races , but as law - abiding

of both

destinies

American

citizens . , 475 ( 1905 ) .

Some Northerners Hypocritical

ighted

and generous

men the this problem

conditions for help her honest wish to

feel

,

is

which she

not alone responsible

an

in

North appreciate the difficulty and perplexity sympathize with the South the embarrassment

,

-s

clear

in

all

Most certainly

Towards South

of of

Ed ., XVIII

Mem .

practicable and have the heartiest respect for those brave and earnest men the South who the face fearful difficulties are doing that men can for the betterment alike of white and of black The attitude of the North toward the negro should be and there

is

is

far from what

it

of

in

.

,

all

do

,

of

,

is

where help

need that the

North also

to

,

no

,

.

of

of

stances

as a

on

of

no

,

is

in

of

good faith upon the principle giving should act each man justly treating what due him him his worth man granting him special favors but denying him proper oppor tunity for labor and the reward labor But the peculiar circum the South render the problem there far greater and more

1905

.)

,

463

(

XVIII

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

acute

Legislation Cannot Make Negro An Equal

by

of

an

is

by

The difference between what can and what cannot be done law well exemplified our experience with the negro prob

social

1895

6

).

377

(

XVI

,

Ed

.,

.

.

effort has failed completely Mem

a

on in

at

we could

.

,

intellectual

,

,

their friends believed that once put them and business equality with the whites The

additional legislation

,

an

,

some way

many

of

This having been done by

.

law

.

by

,

by be

.

,

.

in

experience which Mr. Watson must have ample practical knowledge The negroes were formerly held slavery This was wrong which legislation could remedy and which could not Accordingly they were set free legislation remedied except

lem

Only White Leadership Can Guide Negro To Rights Our hope is that under the lead of practical , competent , high -minded white men

-

, we shall in the end everywhere see and nowhere save under such lead will we ever see the right of free

-

political expression secured to the negro who shows that he possesses the intelligence , integrity , and self -respect which justify such right of political expression in his white neighbor . Mem .

Ed ., XIX ,

417 , 418 ( 1912 ) .

Negroes Must Oppose Negro Criminals

Governor , you spoke of a hideous crime that .” The worst enemy of the negro race

is often hid is the negro

but

of

,

against the victim

has committed

he

;

hideous crime against

his own color and every reputable

colored man every ,

;

the people

of

negro criminal that type for has unspeakably dreadful and infamous crime

> the

a

criminal , and , above committed not only

an all ,

“

avenged

he

eously

as

it

,

to

to

.

1905

).

,

507

(

Ed XXIII ,

Mem

.

all

to

to

of

colored man who wishes see the uplifting his race owes duty his first himself and that race hunt down that crimi nal with his soul and strength

Northerners Must Realize The Southern Complexity

All

good Americans who dwell

all

:

its

,

.

1905

7

To per

.

to a

as

to

of

another color

educate him

perform which will render him

).

462

were

necessary

most acute the problem

secure him the rights

to

,

of

to

it

to a

failure

all around him (

XVIII

,

Ed .,

Mem

.

to

form the duties himself and

is ,

one would grudge him solve this problem course

that

he

one color

if

dealing with the man

of

is in

it

the South that we find problems the gravest before our people

no

so

of

phase one

of

the greater because

in a

in

,

,

in

the North must because they are good Americans feel the most earnest friendship for friendship their fellow countrymen who dwell the South

curse

Prime Task

–

Negro Moral And Industrial Uplifting

In the first place it is true of the colored man , as it is true of the white man , that in the long run his fate must depend far more upon his own effort than upon the efforts of any outside friend . Every vicious , venal

or ignorant colored man is an even to the community as a whole .

,

greater foe to his own race than

The colored man's self -respect entitles him to do that share in the political work of the country which is warranted by his individ ual ability and integrity and the position he has won for himself .

to

white men put together

.

of

,

of

oppression

1905

.)

all 465

acts

(

of XVIII

,

.,

.

Ed

, and above vice and potent the for harm more are evils

every kind

black race than Mem

and industrial up

the race is moral

and shiftlessness , these

Laziness

criminality

of

requisite

all ,

But the prime lifting .

Backward Race Must Be Trained For Civilization

is

it

the forward race

while

preserve unharmed the high civilization wrought out

by

freedom

so

be

true

,

of

;

to

into the possession enabled

be

of

to

so

of

is

adjust the relations between two races The problem abridged nor different ethnic type that the rights neither jeoparded that the backward race may enter trained that

ca

,

,

or

to

to

of

in

of

is

;

it

.

be its

forefathers The working out this problem must necessarily possible slow not offhand fashion obtain confer the priceless boons freedom industrial efficiency political to

it

is

-

,

to

as

.

the utmost

the

leaders

the

of

,

charity

of

,

;

of

,

of

,

1905

).

464

our national life

8

a

is

XVIII

the best thought

effort the broadest the philanthropist

earnest

the student every department

, (

Ed

.,

.

Mem

in

statesman

thought

problem demanding

the most

,

,

patience

,

.

sibility

It

a

is

;

it

.

,

pacity and domestic morality Nor only necessary train the quite necessary colored man train the white man for on his shoulders rests well nigh unparalleled sociological respon

Benefits Made By Abolitionists Absurdly Exaggerated The cause of the Abolitionists has had such a halo shed round it by the after course of events , which they themselves in reality did very little to shape , that it has been usual to speak of them with absurdly exaggerated praise . Their courage , and for far

the most part their sincerity , cannot be too highly spoken of , but

.

)

1887

permanent

incumbent little will

I

or

.

or

so

birthplace

.

to

a

bar

1903

Crime

is

Negroes Must Support Lawmen

-

.)

196

(

XXIII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

it

as

-

a

is

in

I

,

holding office any more than could treat creed always provided that respects other the applicant worthy and well behaved American citizen Just conferring right treat hold office

as

I

certainly cannot treat mere color

to

Guide To Public Jobs as a

Merit And Not Race

Is

,

118

(

VIII

Ed

.> ,

.

Mem

,

-

all

to

its

,

or

;

their share in abolishing slavery was less than has commonly any single non abolitionist politician like Lin been represented coln Seward did more than the professional Abolitionists bring about combined really destruction

Racial Enemy an

if

“

of

to

,

all

and above 9

the negro criminal

,

his race

is

Every colored man should realize that the worst enemy

of

it .

,

of

,

,

to

his life his liberty and the pursuit his happi qualities his own heart head and hand enable him

as

achieve

of to

of

;

”

,

man the right

no

is

.

“

or

”

,

of

,

question and bad alike There social negro domination only the question involved relentlessly punishing bad men and securing the good

good race equality

ness

of

of

.

in

to

as

or

punish the individual on his merits Reward indi vidual Evil will surely come the end both races we substi treating all the members tute for this just rule the habit the

the negro criminal

who commits the dreadful crime of rape ; and it should be felt as in the highest degree an offense against the whole country , and against the colored race in particular , for a colored man to fail

to

,

.

to

be

of

,

the case with murder assault with intent ;

is

as

,

death

in

all

possible the officers of the law in hunting down with every earnestness and zeal such infamous offender Moreover my judgment the crime rape should always punished with help

commit

be

;

be

,

.

414

1906

).

XVII

Ed

the details

(

given

.,

Mem

.

shall

to

be

,

so

be

;

least

in

at

crime

and provision should made may follow immediately upon the heels the court

of by

capital

,

made

a

be

the discretion of which the punishment while the the offense wantonly trial should conducted that the victim need not publicity testimony giving possible shamed while and that the least

rape should

Half Of Early New York City Population Was Negro Murdering Groups Of Whites They Were Finally Massacred

to

a

at

,

in

to

;

it

]

(

a

– of

very large portion The negro slaves formed the town's New York City population nearly times half for over century after was founded then they gradually began dwindle numbers compared the whites for although they were re in

as

of

.

of

,

it

,

as

household servants was found that they were not agricultural fitted for manual and labor the Southern col onies During the first half the eighteenth century they were tained

,

a

to

,

at

,

,

a

at it

,

of of

to

of

an .

;

of

in

In

,

.

in

all

night

,

;

of

,

African birth still very numerous and were for the most part being fresh from the holds the Guinea slavers they were brutal ignorant savages ser constant dread and the whites were justified partially vile insurrection 1712 this fear was least destroy for that year the slaves formed wild foolish plot put the whites and some forty them attempted into they every weapon execution Armed with kind met mid

this way they

In

.

,

a

to

,

,

killed nine men and wounded some others before was given and the soldiers from the fort approaching

,

the alarm

to

up

in

orchard on the outskirts the town set fire shed quell the flames and assaulted those who came running

10

put them to flight . They fled to the forests in the northern part of the island ; but the militia , roused to furious anger , put sentries at the fords, and then hunted down the renegade negroes like wild beasts . Six , in their despair , slew themselves ; and twenty -one of those who were captured were shot , hung , or burned at the stake . This attempted

revolt greatly increased the uneasiness of the

white inhabitants , and was largely responsible for the ferocious panic of fear , rage , and suspicion into which they were thrown by the discovery of another plot among the negroes in 1741. During this panic the citizens went almost mad with cruel terror , and did deeds which make a dark stain on the pages of New York's his tory deeds which almost parallel those done in the evil days of the Salem witchcraft persecutions , save that in the New York case there really was some ground for the anger and resentment of the persecutors . Exactly how much ground there was , however , it is impossible to say . There is no doubt that many of the slaves , especially

among

those

hoping for, and perhaps masters

,

and that

actually indulge

of African birth , were always vaguely planning for, the destruction of their of the bolder and more brutal spirits did

some in furtive incendiarism , outrage

,

and attempted

murder ; but there is no reason to suppose that the great mass of the blacks were ever engaged in the plot , or that there was ever any real danger of a general outbreak . Slave -owners , however , live always under the hair -hung sword ; they know that they can take no risks , and that their very existence depends on the merciless suppression of every symptom of hostile discontent . During March , 1741 ,> there broke out in New York so many fires in quick succession , that it seemed certain they were of in cendiary origin ; and the conduct of a few of the slaves greatly excited the suspicions of the citizens . At the same time the in dented servant - girl of a low tavern - keeper had been arrested , together with her master and mistress and two negroes , for com plicity in a robbery . Proclamations offering rewards to whomever would give information concerning the supposed plot were read

11

,

of

a

,

,

a

.

its

to her , and she suddenly professed herself aware of existence She asserted that her master and mistress and number of the poor semicriminal whites together with blacks multitude

and many

;

engaged therein

of

all

were

the ignorant slaves when

.

of

of

,

of at

of

,

as

as

,

to

,

,

a

of

;

on

of

in in

to

,

a

.

,

,

-

;

.

to

on

,

a

of

all

in

strove

to

their terror save their own necks by cor roborating and embellishing the wild statements she made The people whole New York went into mad panic and scores imprisoned put strength were and death the these flimsy accusations Fourteen negroes were burned the stake twenty hanged and seventy one transported while the twenty whites who were imprisoned four were executed Among the latter was Catholic priest named Ury who was condemned both for com plicity the negro plot burn the town and for having com administering the rites mitted the heinous crime his re ligion and appears without the double count although far damaging evidence being produced against him the un shred fortunate man was actually hung protesting his innocence the arrested

Stupid Race

317

1895

)

316

(

,

315

,

IX ,

.,

Ed

Is

A

Mem

.

.

last

Kept Low By Lack

Of Intellectual Growth of ;

by

a

to

,

of to to

its

is

;

by

of

a

.

of

1895

)

128

(

127

,

XIV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

to

up

,

go of

,

to

.

of in

of

as

,

,

as a

A

to

perfectly stupid race can never rise very high plane kept for instance has been down much lack anything else but the prime factor intellectual development power high degree the preservation race attain fight well and breed social efficiency Love order ability the the individual subordinate the interests well capacity interests the community these and similar rather humdrum qualities make the sum social efficiency the negro

Technical And Industrial Skills Most Needed By Negroes

;

;

12

as

in

or

,

of

,

The lowest and most brutal criminals those for instance rape are who commit the crime the great majority men who very little just they are almost have had either no education invariably men who own no property for the man who puts money

by out of his earnings , like the man who acquires education , is usually lifted above mere brutal criminality . Of course the best type of education for the colored man , taken as a whole , is such education as is conferred in schools like Hampton and Tuskegee ; where the boys and girls , the young men and young women , are trained industrially as well as in the ordinary public -school branches. The graduates of these schools turn out well in the great majority of cases , and hardly any of them become criminals , while what little criminality there is never takes the form of that brutal violence which invites lynch -law . Every graduate of these schools woman

- and for the - who leads

a

of that every other colored man or life so useful and honorable as to win the

matter

good -will and respect of those whites whose neighbor he or she is , thereby helps the whole colored race as it can be helped in no

other way ; for next to the negro himself , the man who can do most to help the negro is his white neighbor who lives near him ; and our steady

effort should be to better the relations between though the two . Great the benefit of these schools has been to their colored pupils and to the colored people , it may well be questioned whether the benefit has not been at least as great to the

white people

they graduate Mem . Ed .,

XVII

among

whom these colored pupils live after

.

, 416 ( 1906 ) .

Treat Each Black And White Strictly On Merits I have not been able to think out any solution of the problem terrible offered by the presence of the negro on this con tinent , but of one thing I am sure , and that is that inasmuch as he “

is here and can neither be killed nor driven away , the only wise and honorable and Christian thing to do is treat each black man and each white man strictly on his merits as

a

man , giving him no more

and no less than he shows himself worthy to have . Mem . Ed .,

XXIII

, 192 ( 1901 ).

13

Of His People

Negro Who Protects Criminals Is Enemy

The colored man who fails to condemn

crime in another in

of

-

.

be

,

warfare

If

in

,

their race foremost relentless lawbreaking black men the

against

.

unceasing

all is

to

of

for the sake

,

men should and

an

as

,

as

to

all

bring colored man , who fails to co - operate in lawful ways ing colored criminals justice the worst enemy his own people enemy well the people Law abiding black

466

, (

465

,

,

XVIII

to

wel

.

of

to

is

the

1905

).

,

it

as

.

Ed

.,

Mem

.

fare

is

of

The stability and purity the home vital every the black race the welfare race

secure

of

is

,

its

of

be

private morality and industrial efficiency can standards raised high enough among the black race then future on this continent

in

he

if

a

in

to

-.

of

not

the white man

chiefly

Win Respect

the obligations existing on

have spoken

-

Build Family

of

-

).

(

all

of

then he himself will

Now remember

the other hand

you yourselves de help can permanently avail you save capacity for self elp You young colored men and women .

by

-h

as

no

on

that velop

stand

marked

1901

Fight Crime

Hitherto the part

shows

the qualities which

reward

similar reward

.

Negroes Must

195

hope

I

,

XXIII

-

.,

.

be

off from

Ed

a

good citizenship

white man we feel are entitled

Mem

good thing from every

the colored man know that

degree the qualities cut

is

it

me that

of

point

let

to It

seems

to

Reward Good Citizenship Regardless Of Race

in

.

-

your own race

the wrong

;

,

by

14

men

to

and especially against crime for the heaviest wrong done the criminal crime

of

by

to

of

all

in

to

all

precept

is

must

,

Tuskegee ,

at

and example lead your fel abiding lows toward sober industrious law lives You are honor join hands bound favor law and order and war against educated

his

own

race . You must teach the people of your race that they must scru pulously observe any contract into which they in good faith enter , no matter whether it is hard to keep or not . If you save money , se cure homes , become taxpayers , and lead clean , decent , modest lives , you will win the respect of your neighbors of both races . Let each man strive to excel his fellows only by rendering substantial service to the community in which he lives . The colored people have many difficulties to pass through , but these difficulties will be surmounted pursued

if only

the policy

of

reason and common sense is

.

Mem . Ed .,

XVIII

, 474 , ( 1905 ).

Widely Different Races Should Not Be In Intimate Contact In the present state of the world's progress it is highly in advisable that peoples in wholly different stages of civilization , or of wholly different types of civilization even although both equally high , shall be thrown into intimate contact . This is especially undesirable when there is a difference of both race and standard of living .

-

T. R. Autobiography Scribner p . 378 Mem . Ed ., XXII , 429 ( 1909 )

For Racial Purity And

The Right To Social Segregation

15

no

,

in

as

all

1905

).

467

, (

XVIII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

maintained

regards civil privileges all

reflect the further fact that feeling that race purity must

be

with recognition both races are united

of ,

on

equal footing

in

of

should stand way interferes ing men

an

.

of

its

Civil law cannot regulate social practices . Society , as such , is a law unto itself , and will always regulate own practices and recognition habits Full the fundamental fact that men

Racial Violence Must Be Crushed With Ruthless Resolution

violence

I demand that the government representatives put down with ruthless resolution , whether it be of white against

1917

16

to

in

is

virtue somewhere else your own province .

of in

to

in

enforce decency

).

174

behalf

good wishes

not dare (

XXI

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

when you

do

give expression

to

.

of

is

us

let

black or black against white . Before we can help others in drawing draw out the beam that our sentimental debauch own eyes The most dangerous form the beam from their eyes

II CAPITAL PUNISHMENT FOR RIOT PLOTTERS AMERICAN TRADITION TO OWN ARMS FOR SELF DEFENSE TYRANNY OF MINORITIES CREATES ANARCHY

Violent Fanatics And Rioters Should Be Killed In every great city there are plenty of reckless or fanatical or downright evil men eagerly ready to do some act which is ab horrent to the vast majority of their fellows : and it is wicked to punish with cruel severity immense multitudes of innocent men , women , and children for the midseeds of a few rascals or fanatics . Of course , it is eminently right to punish by death these rascals or fanatics themselves Mem . Ed .,

XX ,

.

45 ( 1915 ).

Disarming Citizens Gives Criminals A Field Day Most Western Americans who are past middle age remem ber young , rapidly growing , and turbulent communities in which there was at first complete anarchy . During the time when police power to which to appeal every man worth his salt , in other words every man for existence such community had prepared defend himself and usually although not always the fact that was prepared saved him from trouble whereas unpreparedness was absolutely certain invite to

,

a

in

;

he to

be

,

all

,

,

to

fit

there was no central

17

regular and fully

interval during which the upon the action single a

of

of

organized police force there came the peace depended

preservation

a

such communities before there was an

In

.

disaster

official,

sheriff or marshal

a

who

,

if the

law was defied in arrogant

comitatus composed of as many armed , thoroughly efficient , law - abiding citizens as were necessary in order to put a stop to the wrong -doing . Under these conditions each man fashion summoned

a posse

had to keep himself armed and both able and willing to respond to the call

of

the peace -officer; and furthermore ,

of wisdom

he kept himself ready

own behalf

if

if he

had a shred

in an emergency

to act on his peace the -officer did not or could not do his duty .

In such towns I have myself more than once seen

well

but foolish citizens endeavor to meet the exigencies of simply passing resolutions of disarmament without any by the case power back of them . That is , they passed self -denying ordinances , saying that nobody was to carry arms ; but they failed to provide

meaning

methods for carrying such ordinances into effect . In every case the result was the same . Good citizens for the moment abandoned their weapons grew

worse

.

The bad men continued to carry

of

instead

better

;

them

and then the good

.

Things

men came

to

their senses and clothed some representative of the police with power to employ force , potential or existing , against the wrong doers

.

XX ,

Mem . Ed .,

82 , 83 ( 1915 ) .

No Justice Unless Government Suppresses

Violent Mobs

1917

).

74 (

XXI

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

18

apt

rights

means

to to

is

by

it

but

ought as a

end

,

itself

is

further progress

government

the

whereas an

,

order not

justice

that

order

,

keeping

in

keeping

The trouble as

.

itself

fine

and until it has been taken

,

to

impossible

is

step to take

all

No government has any warrant for existing if it cannot keep order , and suppress disorder and violence . This is the first con treat

for securing

Tyranny And Anarchy Have Always Stalked Liberty Throughout past history Liberty has always walked between the twin terrors of Tyranny and Anarchy . They have stalked like wolves beside her , with murder in their red eyes , ever ready to tear each other's throats , but even more ready to rend in sunder Liberty herself. Always in the past there has been a monotonously recur rent cycle in the history of free states ; Liberty has supplanted Tyranny , has gradually been supplanted by Anarchy , and has then seen the insupportable Anarchy finally overthrown and Tyranny re - established . Anarchy is always and everywhere the handmaiden of Tyranny and Liberty's deadliest foe . No people can perma nently remain free unless it possesses the stern self - control and resolution necessary to put down anarchy . Order without liberty and liberty without order are equally destructive ; special privi

for the many are alike pro foundly antisocial ; the fact that unlimited individualism is ruin ous , in no way alters the fact that absolute state ownership and regimentation spells ruin of a different kind . All of this ought to even if they are pro be trite to reasonably intelligent people lege for the few and special privilege

fessional intellectuals – but in practice an endless insistence these simple fundamental truths is endlessly necessary .

Mem . Ed .,

XXI ,

377 , 378 ( 1919 )

There Should Be Ten Times There the quantity

on

The Number Of Rifles In The

U. S.

should be at least ten times the number of rifles and

of ammunition

in the country that there are now . In

but

not

.

or

;

,

preferably on the Swiss Chilean model on the Swiss then on the Argentinian service under war conditions

if

in

be

all

our high schools and colleges a system of military training like that which obtains in Switzerland and Australia should be given . actual field trained our young men should Furthermore ,

19

,

.

'

to

or

It

be

The Swiss model would probably better for our people only would necessitate four six months service shortly after college and thereafter only about graduation from high school

in

side

,

in

-

of

,

a

to

no

to

of

-

of

of

to

,

to

trained open shoot march take care themselves the and learn those habits self reliance and law abiding obedience which are not only essential the efficiency citizen soldiery but are less essential the efficient performance civic duties ,

would

to to

the young men

Under this system

be

the same terms side

.

precisely

by

all

eight days a year . No man could buy a substitute ; no man would be excepted because of his wealth ; would serve the ranks on

to

us

It

.

It

.

.

1915

Courts Should Punish Mob Violence

In

).

,

163

(

of

order and respect for law XX

Ed

., >

Mem

.

habits

in

is

in

as

as

.

in

us

a

in

My own firm belief that this system would military matters help civil quite much would efficiency help crease our social and industrial would free democracy

Summary Manner to

if

;

1906

)

407

(

XVII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

to

in be

by

of

or

to

to

in

is

It

permit sympathy for criminals criminal weaken upholding the law and destroy life our hands men seek property no impairment of mob violence there should power the the courts deal with them the most summary way and effective possible

on

hadn't the slightest intention

to

of to

of

,

a

Chicago very ugly strike on found my nervous friends wished me try

I

.

of

I

“

When came account which some avoid the city Of course

I

to

Riots Must Be Stopped Forcibly

doing as

of

a

in to

to

on

.

,

,

it

to

I

at

so .

get very much puzzled questions times finance and perfectly simple matter the tariff but when comes such keeping order then you strike my long suit The strikers were foolish enough come me their own initiative and make

20

appeared

,

it

as

one time

,

had told rioters

at

,

,

F.

of

me an address which they quoted that fine flower Massa chusetts statesmanship the lamented Benjamin Butler who that they need have

no fear

This

of

the United States army , as they had torches and arms.

good opening , and while perfectly polite , I used lan that they could not misunderstand it ; and re

gave me a

guage

simple

so

peated the same with amplifications at the dinner that night . So if the rioting in Chicago gets beyond the control of the State and the City , they now know well that the Regulars will come.” Ed ., XXIII

Mem .

, 504 ( 1905 ) .

Minority Opinion Must Be Checked By Law And Public Opinion

.

to

Of

dif

believe

of

that there are hundreds all

of

is

the answer

,

practice

or

in

, ,

course

they really believe what they profess

if

about

of

,

to

to

to

be

all

The extreme exponents and apologists of any fervent creed can always justify themselves , in the realm of pure logic , for in sisting that accept and act up the world shall made bring this their standards and that they must necessarily strive

in

a

in

in

in

to

is

.

public opinion

)

1900

All

Disorder And Lawlessness Injures based upon law and order

of

of

.

no

be

to

;

21

a

society .

anarchy

in

,

or

1911

of

certain degree ).

110

(

XIX

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

ditions have passed

a

scoundrels can permanently flourish

in

,

of

of

is

in

order there can

,

and without law and justice The triumph disorder and lawless only ness certain the end mean not the undoing the rep utable rich but the undoing the reputable poor and indeed the undoing everybody reputable disreputable for not even is

Justice

law and

by

both

,

Anarchy Due

(

445

To

XIII

,

Ed

.,

.

Mem

in

as

of

check without effort

by

,

as

,

to -

in

.

as

it

is

to

,

,

,

ferent creeds shades creeds which are believed with equal devoutness by their followers and therefore work necessary aday government insist that none shall interfere practical with any other Where people are far advanced good sense and religious true toleration the United States day the great majority accept each creed gradually grows kept this position axiomatic and the smaller minority

which the

con

Firm Law Enforcement Needed Against Mobs Mr. Mayor , as representative

as President of the United States , and therefore of the people of this country , I give you , as a my hearty support in upholding the law , in keep

matter of course , ing order , in putting down violence , whether by a mob or by an

apprehension in the heart of the most timid that ever the mob spirit will triumph in this country . Those immediately responsible for dealing with the trouble must , as I know you feel, exhaust every effort in so deal individual . There need not be the slightest

upon any outside body . But if ever the need arises , back of the city stands the State , and back of the State stands the nation . ing with it before

Mem . Ed .,

XXIII

a call

is made

, 505 , 506 ( 1905 ) .

Government Must Relentlessly Put Down Violence

.

the

1917

)

,

177

(

XXI

Ed

.,

Mem

.

to

to the violence and then to deal firmly and wisely with conditions that led up the violence

all

Lawless violence inevitably breeds lawless violence in return , and the first duty of the government is relentlessly to put a stop

,

of

in ,

to

In

every effort

individuals

Mayor

see that

the

has the hearty sup my judgement and

,

the United States

.

,

the United States every good citizen

in

,

preserved

,

the President

should have that

any way but

he

mobs

and that order

or

by

.

my attitude

interfere

of

he

port

of

laws are obeyed

of of

Dunne

prevent violence ,

to

you must not misunderstand

to

have not been called upon

is

I

“

Mob Violence Must Be Suppressed

of

an

or

by

,

as

.

,

As

.

no

22

,

as

.

I

in

a

believer

.

I

honorary member unions am one obey just corporation union But the union must the law the poor must obey the every man rich must obey the law Just yet law action has been called for me and most certainly am

is called for

I

have power .

tion of law and individuals . "

by mobs or

violence

505 ( 1905 ) .

then they are not

aside from the fact that

sham

actual life here

has shown that the effort

sub

of

the United States experience

for

in

And this

and

,

talk about democracy

to

,

people cannot rule themselves

fit

Of Political Privilege And Of Minorities

is

If

free government

of

.

Resist Tyranny

the first essential is the preserva

a

XXIII ,

Mem.Ed. ,

But

the suppression

order ,

is

as

in

man , so far

shall try to do justice under the law to every

I

all

if action

a

of

,

or

I

by

the majority

shall certainly in

,

.

).

1912

(

,

236

a

is -

;

a

by

.,

.

XIX

of

Ed

tyranny

by

Mem

there

But the tyrannies from which we have been suffering this country have ninety nine times out hundred been tyran minority tyranny privilege nies that ,

it .

Whenever

fight

is

.

,

,

in

of

stitute for the genuine rule the people something else always privilege means the rule some form other sometimes political privilege sometimes financial privilege often mixture both

–

Tyranny Of Minorities

The Real Danger

,

.

1912

).

People Capable

Of Freedom

Deserve

by

201

(

,

.,

XIX

It

Only

Ed

A

Mem

.

in

of

,

The only tyrannies from which men women and children are suffering real life are the tyrannies minorities

23

,

be

> ,

A

be

be

,

it

a .

by a

by

a

is ,

strong nation can only The truth that saved itself strong greatly aided and and not man though can guided strong man weak nation may doomed anyhow

its

;

a

;

,

,

a

;

of

,

of

,

of

to

,

in

of

1900

)

458

(

XIII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

,

its

of

doing mighty deeds freedom and destiny the world must work out own and must find men not its masters who will be its leaders

a

people really capable

if

in

despot

its

to

of

be

,

no

it

take

or

,

able

,

a

sole refuge

as

of

a

darkness may

a

nation struggling out first steps only by the help of master hand was true Russia under Peter the Great and nation whether free unfree loses the capacity for self orderly liberty then sobriety and government loses the spirit complain tyranny but really great people has cause or it may find

24

III

,

,

NO

WELFARE FUNDS FOR THE LAZY THE CHISELERS THE DEGENERATES AND THE IMMORAL

Permanent Relief As Bad As Vice Or Oppression

.

an

is

as

is

....

or

of

as

-

of

-r

,

,

Anything that encourages pauperism anything that relaxes the manly fibre and lowers self espect unmixed evil The soup kitchen style philanthropy thoroughly demoralizing oppression most forms vice ,

,

or to

by

to

be

community

to

be

is

be

be

at

In

to

charity the one thing always remembered that helped slip may any his feet once and should while man yet no man can the him carried with advantage either

to

.

1900

” .

-if

to

to

of

,

to

,

spise the things

number

to

out

of

men and

Beatniks

boys who are about become you tell them earn their own living de body nothing the care for material success

a

you tell go

If

Warned Against Policies Which Breed The

“

434

).

,

433

(

XV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

in

,

at

.

a

of

The greatest possible good can done the exten helping hand sion the right moment but the attempt nothing but harm carry any one permanently can end

is

it

in

do .

.

to

to

is

to

;

,

livelihood

tell them that their first duty earn their own support themselves and those dependent upon them is

necessary

to is to

is

of

to

,

to

;

to

you are telling them what you would not want your own boys actually do you are telling them what they cannot do unless they are willing become public charges and what not they try things desirable that should To tell them such morality despise morality What the name invite them

1911

25

,

to

of

.

,

578

mankind

).

577

,

XV

of

(

the rest

,

Ed

.,

Mem

to

service

.

of

in

a

but that when that first duty has been performed there yet remains very large additional duty the way service their neighbor

Charity For The Shiftless An Evil To say that the thriftless , the lazy , the vicious , the in capable , ought to have the reward given to those who are far sighted , capable , and upright , is to say what is not true and cannot be true . Let us try to level up , but let us beware of the evil of levelling down . If a man stumbles , it is a good thing to help him to his feet . Every one

if

of

us needs a helping hand now and then

.

But

man lies down , it is a waste of time to try to carry him ; and it is a very bad thing for every one if we make men feel that the same reward will come to those who shirk their work and to those a

who do it .

Mem . Ed .,

Care

of

XV ,

368 ( 1910 ) .

of Family

Comes Before Crusading

Character must show itself in the man's performance both the duty he owes himself and of the duty he owes the state . The

man's foremost duty is owed to himself and his family ; and he can do this duty only by earning money , by providing what is essential to material well - being ; it is only after this has been done that he can hope to build

a

higher

superstructure

on the solid material

only after this has been done that he can help in movements for the general well - being . He must pull his own weight first , and only after this can his surplus strength be of use to the general public . It is not good to excite that bitter laughter which expresses contempt ; and contempt is what we feel for the foundation

;

it

being whose

is

to benefit mankind is such that he is a burden to those nearest him ; who wishes to do great things for humanity in the abstract , but who cannot keep his wife in com enthusiasm

fort or educate his children .

Mem . Ed .,

XV ,

358 , 359 ( 1910 ).

26

Not A Life Of

Ease

But Strenuous Endeavor Builds A Great Nation

all

I preach to you , then , my countrymen , that our country calls not for the life of ease but for the life of strenuous endeavor . The twentieth century looms before us big with the fate of many na tions . If we stand idly by ,> if we seek merely swollen , slothful ease and ignoble peace , if we shrink from the hard contests where men ,

us

,

,

to

;

by

by

all ,

,

,

,

only through strife through hard that we shall ultimately win the goal ,

is

justified for

endeavor

of

and dangerous

> ,

is

that the strife

it

,

or

.

us to

to

;

to

or

.

to of

,

of

,

us

they hold must win at hazard of their lives and at the risk of by and will dear then the bolder and stronger peoples will pass win for themselves the domination the world Let therefore boldly face the life duty strife resolute do our well and man fully resolute uphold righteousness deed and word reso lute be both honest and brave serve high ideals yet use practical methods Above let shrink from no strife moral physical within without the nation provided we are certain

1899

)

Envious Idlers Whine While Living

Off Others Through Relief be

281

(

XV

,

.

Mem

Ed .,

.

true national greatness

,

in

to

to

he

of

of

,

is

If

an

a

he

.

to

to

he

;

to

,

,

.

is

a

1896

)

382

(

XVI

,

Ed

.,

.

Mem

he

if

;

,

to

he

others must face life with resolute courage victory accept win can and defeat must without seeking responsibility place on his fellow men which not theirs

if

envy the luck

is

taught rely upon man sufferings others and whine over his American anything amount must rely upon himself and not upon the sitting idle State must take pride his own work instead

The worst lesson that can

27

and feeble

minded

-

,

sterilized

;

is

;

.

.

when the evil nature should done Criminals should be

I

wish very much that the prevented entirely from breeding and sufficiently flagrant people these this be

could

my position

of

wrong people

exactly

be

This

is

Against Big Families For The Shiftless

persons forbidden to leave offspring behind them

But

yet there

as

all

.

I

provide

.

families for which the man and woman are unable

do

having enormous

to

question

of

no

This

breed

is

people

.

sirable

to

.

be

is no way possible to devise which could prevent undesirable people from breeding The emphasis should laid on getting de

.

I

advocate such families

I

.

,

to

,

-

,

,

,

of

less people

to

in or

am not encouraging shift marry huge unfit who have families am speaking the ordinary every day Americans the decent men and women who do make good fathers and mothers and who ought have

not believe

1914

Of

Foresaw The Crisis

).

173

(

172

,

XIV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

-

.

good sized families

The Cities

urban development undoubtedly does constitute that said about All that can prophesy how long this growth will continue quite impossible

is .

it

is

it

be

will

cure

to

generation

,

,

generation

tend

then they will die out and the problem ,

,

become stunted and weak

they really exist by

townspeople

far

as

as

the evils

do ,

themselves

.

,

some

,

Moreover

of to

.

real and great danger

If

a

Excessive

,

,

if

on

,

;

.

1894

curse but

in

would work the same way

of

the real greatness

at

,

and we regard highest degree the

or

be

blessing

the

the nation

so

be

,

its

the fullest and most cordial way recognize the fact very nature the most needed work must from ,

we should that some

and for the sake

of in

,

same things

all

.

the idler with scornful pity undesirable that we should

as a

Idler Should Be Scorned

in

We hold work not

The

of

And

It

Blessing

.)

,

250

(

XIV

as a

Work

.,

Ed

Is A

Mem

.

to

,

be

be

they cause will not permanent while the other hand the healthy physically morally objec cities can made both and the tions them must largely disappear

28

he

all

is a

he

If if ,

.

a

do

or

in

.

as

to

he is

.

a

in

unremunerative material sense Each man must choose far the conditions allow him the path which bidden by his must man own peculiar powers and inclinations But making shape way the after man's work some

a

,

to

all

effort that his strength of body and of mind permits , he yet honorably fails, why , he is still entitled to a certain share of re spect because he has made the effort . But if he does not make the effort, or if he makes it half -heartedly and recoils from the labor , the risk , or the irksome monotony of his task , why , he has for right feited our respect and has shown himself mere 1901

)

325

(

XV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

cumberer of the earth

Learn To Carry Your Own Weight Before Saving The World

do

to

be

to

to

to

is

of

1905

)

579

(

578

,

XV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

to

an

of

of

.

I

do

.

to

–

of

you here carry your own The first duty each one weight carry yourselves You are not going able anything for any one else until you can support yourselves and those dependent upon you not want see you develop that kind idealism which makes you filled with vague thoughts your imme beneficence for mankind and awful drawback diate families

–-

Owning No Land Indians Were Nomads Let Both Whites And Indians Who Won't Work Perish

do

I

,

.

,

government

to

.

to

,

government

,

and individuals again and again perform and then promises impossible makes might do even what toward their fulfilment and where

the Indians both

The

by

a

to

'

a

of

During the past century good deal sentimental nonsense taking has been talked about our the Indians land Now not say for mean moment that gross wrong has not been done

as

.

is

to

a

,

by

all .

at

,

29

which

having

a

the land

on

most

we found them they had no stronger claim than that

of

and

of

rivals

to

-g

to

stronger

,

prevented

by

it

it

,

;

is

in it

,

at

,

of

,

of

set

a

;

it

fails brutal and reckless frontiersmen are brought into contact with revengeful and fiendishly cruel savages long treacherous outrages regards series both sides sure follow But taking the land least from the Western Indians the simple truth that the latter never had any real ownership Where the game was plenty there they hunted they followed when moved away new hunting rounds unless they were

previously butchered the original occupants . When my cattle came to the Little Missouri , the region was only in habited by a score or so of white hunters ; their title to it was quite as good as that of most Indian tribes to the lands they claim ; yet nobody dreamed of saying that these hunters owned few years

the country . Each could eventually have kept his own claim of 160 acres , and no more . The Indians should be treated in just the same way that we treat the white settlers . Give each his little claim ; if , as would generally happen , he declined this , why , then

let him share the fate of the thousands of white hunters and trap pers who have lived on the game that the settlement of the country has exterminated , and let him , like these whites , who will not work , perish from the face of the earth which he cumbers .

The doctrine seems merciless , and so it is ; but it is just and rational for all that . It does not do to be merciful to a few at the cost of justice to the many . Mem . Ed ., I , 18 , 19 , 20 ( 1886 )

Cast

Off The Shiftless

- Temper Mercy With Justice

;

,

-h

,

-

of

by

of

by

all

be

Something can be done by good laws ; more can be done by honest administration of the laws ; but most of can done frowning resolutely upon the preachers vague discontent upholding the true doctrine and self reliance self elp and

This doctrine sets forth many things Among them helped when the fact that though man can occasionally carry try yet him when he will not that useless stumbles

.

he

the level

of

bring down the

It

to

the shiftless and the idle ,

the weak

,

capacity

of

of

;

or

try cannot walk and worse than useless work and reward the thrifty and intelligent

to to

to

to

is

,

it

a

be

.

.

astery

is

-m

self

the

further shows

.

is

it

,

as

1895

).

382

(

381

,

XVI

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

to

as

that the maudlin philanthropist and the maudlin sentimentalist are almost noxious the demagogue and that even more justice justice mercy temper necessary with mercy than with

30

False Leaders Preach Ease And Pleasure Instead

Of Effort

It is a good thing that life should gain in sweetness , but only provided that it does not lose in strength . Ease and rest and pleasure are good things , but only if they come as the reward of done , of a good fight well won , of strong effort reso lutely made and crowned by high achievement . The life of mere pleasure , of mere effortless ease , is as ignoble for a nation as for an individual . The man is but a poor father who teaches his sons

work well

should be their chief objects in life ; the woman who is a mere petted toy , incapable of serious purpose , shrinking from effort and duty , is more pitiable than the veriest overworked drudge . So he is but a poor leader of the people , but a poor national adviser , who seeks to make the nation in any way subordinate effort to ease , who would teach the people not to prize as the greatest blessing the chance to do any work , no matter how hard , if it becomes their duty to do it . that

ease

Mem.Ed.

and pleasure

XVIII , 92

( 1907 ) .

31

IV

REDS INCITE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENTS EFFEMINATE

LEFTIST INTELLECTUALS

DEBAUCH THE YOUTH PUNISH REDS BEFORE AND NOT AFTER THEY ACT

Terrorists Should Be Stamped Out Before And Not After They Commit Atrocities But every

Bolshevik movement

fanatics

foolish , simple

brained

and

the sinister advocates

of

"

always

contains

crack

cheek by jowl with It is folly to show these

people

direct action . "

in

“ direct action ” people any consideration . Their purpose is to > spire terror by murder . They use the term " direct action , " but

they mean murder . Blatant anarchists of this type are miscreants and criminals . We ought to stamp them out by exerting the full power of the law in the sternest and most vigorous fashion against them and their sympathizers before, and not merely der is committed Mem . Ed .,

XXI ,

after,

mur

.

393 ( 1918 ) .

Advocates Of Political Murder Are Criminals

For

the anarchist himself , whether he preaches or practises

his doctrines , we need not have one particle more concern than for any ordinary murderer . He is not the victim of social or political injustice . There are no wrongs to remedy in his case his criminality

.

The cause of

is to be found in his own evil passions and in the

of those who urge him on , not in any failure by others or by the State to do justice to him or his . He is a malefactor and

evil conduct

32

nothing

else . He is in

no sense , in no shape or way ,

> social conditions ,” save

a "product

of

highwayman is “ produced ” by the fact that an unarmed man happens to have a purse . It is a travesty upon the great and holy names of liberty and freedom to permit them to as a

be invoked in such a cause . No man or body of men preaching anarchistic doctrines should be allowed at large any more than if preaching

the murder

Mem . Ed .,

XXII ,

of

some specified

private individual

.

97 , 98 ( 1901 ).

Killer of President Incited By Red

Propaganda

was a professed anarchist , inflamed by the professed anarchists , and probably also by the reck

This criminal teachings

of

less utterances

of

those who , on the stump and in the public press ,

appeal to the dark and evil spirts of malice and greed , envy and sullen hatred . The wind is sowed by the men who preach such doctrines , and they cannot escape their share of responsibility for the whirlwind that is reaped . This applies alike to the deliber ate demagogue , to the exploiter of sensationalism , and to the

crude and foolish visionary who , for whatever reason for crime or excites aimless discontent .

,

apologizes

The blow was aimed not at this President , but at all Presi dents , at every symbol of government. Mem.Ed. XVII

, 96 ( 1901 ) . >

Apologists For fore The Fact

The Reds Are Morally Accessories

Of Murder Be

, and especially the anarchist in the United one type of criminal , more dangerous than any other because he represents the same depravity in a greater de

The anarchist

States

, is

merely

gree . The man who advocates anarchy directly or indirectly , in any shape or fashion , or the man who apologizes for anarchists and their deeds , makes himself morally accessory to murder before 33

is a criminal whose perverted instincts lead prefer him to confusion and chaos to the most beneficent form of social order . His protest of concern for working men is outrageous impudent falsity for in the political institutions this coun try every honest and intelligent not afford opportunity

of

if

to

forever closed against him

.

hope

of

then the door

is

toil

of

son

,

of do

;

its

the fact . The anarchist

,

to

suc

he

.

of

,

be is

If

triumph will last for but one red moment despotism ceeded for ages by the gloomy night its

umphant

.

of

,

of

is

everywhere not merely the enemy system and The anarchist liberty anarchy progress but the deadly foe ever tri

or

or

.

in to

in

is a ,

or

purse

.

have

pro

“

man happens

way

is

highwayman to

sense

He

a

.

or no

in

to

on ,

unarmed

his

shape

,

no

save

him

as a

” > ,

.

the fact that

an

of

by

”

“

a

duced

in of

is

be

to

the State

malefactor and nothing else He product social conditions

is do in

justice

to

by

others

found his own evil passions and any failure those who urge him not is

his criminality

the evil conduct

or

byin

cause

of

of

.

no

.

,

we

,

preaches practises For the anarchist himself whether his doctrines need not have one particle more concern than po for any ordinary murderer He not the victim social injustice wrongs remedy litical There are his case The

Marxian Socialism

)

98 (

1901

Is

97 ,

XVII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

if

of

be

.

at or

of

a

in

be

to

a

of to

is

It

upon the great and holy names liberty and free permit them dom invoked such cause No man body allowed men preaching anarchistic doctrines should large any more than preaching the murder some specified pri vate individual travesty

Based On Dangerous

Fallacy

an

as

,

34

or ,

,

by

a

to

of

of

.

to

.

of

I

,

,

None the less without impugning their motives do disagree emphatically most with both the fundamental philosophy and the proposed remedies the Marxian Socialists These Socialists are unalterably opposed our whole industrial system They believe wages means everywhere and inevitably that the payment exploitation the laborer the employer and that this leads inevitably class war between those two groups they

,

,

,

of

a

be

is

is

do

a

-

of

.

do

in

by

or

,

a

as

,

all

would say , between the capitalists and the proletariat . They assert that this class war is already upon us and can only be ended when capitalism is entirely destroyed and the machines mills mines property private production are con railroads and other used expropriated fiscated taken over the workers They not although some rule claim the sinister extremists among them do that this class war war blood and bullets but they claim that there and must continual struggle be

is

policeman's club

a

like

day believe

and do not

,

that such

do

be

I

us ;

be

as

,

or

.

do

,

-

and

than are believe

I

together

insist

(

acting do

.

in

)

in

greater need farmer are perhaps But the community other groups

I

of

( as

do

of

all . I

of

by

of

,

to

is

no

,

,

us

-

,

to

be

It

.

,

-

of

or

us ,

is

upon class war need ever nor believe wage earners and employers cannot that the interests har deny monized compromised and adjusted would idle that wage earners have certain different economic interests from importers just say manufacturers let farmers have dif ferent interests from sailors and fishermen from bankers There reason why any these economic groups should not con group any legitimate means and with due sult their interests regard the common overlying interests not even deny that the majority wage earners because they have less property and less industrial security than others and because they not own the machinery with which they work does the

a

upon

to -

have never believed

,

I

.

a

or

our common morality are class weapons Gatling gun

,

,

-

is

of

In

,

.

,

tween two great classes whose interests are opposed and cannot be reconciled this war they insist that the whole government National State and local on the side the employers and used by them against the workmen and that our law and even

Scribner 1915

)

(

,

,

.

.,

,

pp 483 484 Mem Ed XXII 552 553 .

35

,

all

to

to

.

Autobiography

-

R.

T.

of

as

so

be

adjusted that where these interests are apart they can altering our laws and their interpretation secure bers the community social and industrial justice

by

,

of

as

in

as

in

)

-

of

wage earners take the same view that that the great majority employers and employees have overwhelming interests common industry and partners both citizens the Republic and

mem

Parlor Bolshevik Intellectuals And Pink Tea Şissies Can Lead The People To Ruin Russian exiles were not asked to come here . They came here so as to be free from persecution and to better them selves . They owe this country everything . But the only emotions aroused in the Bolshevik type are mean hatred , mean desire to These

slander

a self - pity

and

,

both mean and morbid

The moral and

.

mental attitude it introduces into this country is much more per manently mischievous than the bubonic plague , and against it we

should erect

rigorous quarantine . The oppressed

far more

a

of

of

a

do .

no

lower than ,

W.W.

the

the squalid crew who preach class ,

into action

expresses

.

,

is

which when preaching translated itself through the bomb and the torch war

would

a

,

and

envy and hatred

,

anarchists

,

the

the gospel

of

,

who preach

all of

of

of

Germanized Socialists

no

,

given power

politics and business stand The worst bourbons these leaders the American Bolsheviks the

I

if

do

to

be

of

this country than these men

,

.

harm

to

,

racy

de

In

.

,

of

it

to

complete who would lead our people into subjection which one item would the German autoc capitalists The most sordid and reactionaries can more

Bergers and Eastmans ruin

its

more dangerous than those

professional proletarian

full produces the Lenins and Trotskys who have brought the brink the abyss and the Hillquits and Victor

velopment Russia

worse and

no

no

this particular type

of

of

and unlovely traits are

;

in

.

be

,

all

other lands who have developed this kind of character should be kept out of this land at hazards and our immigration laws changed accordingly There are plenty should promptly sor this land but their most harmful did and arrogant capitalists

are encouraged

of

to

of

-

to

,

is

and our own moral fibre pink tea sissy Bolshevism dear the

to

of

36

im

. *

,>

,

,

in

to

as

,

our people who like think themselves intellectuals and who are perhaps particularly apt find * Republic certainly expression for their views The New Most hard indifference the conditions and opportunities the

hearts

many

or

men

by the parlor

so

of

weakened

,

These

migrant is a hideous wrong ; but it is not bettered by a dilettante sentamentalism on behalf of those among the immigrants who are of semicriminal type , whether or not they seek to mask their depravity by claiming to be the victims of social oppression . We must never again view the immigrant merely as a labor unit . We must think

him only

as a

of

future citizen , whose children are to share with our

children the heritage of this land . We must do for him everything that is right ; and we must tolerate from him nothing that is wrong . sympathy

* The natural Bolshevism

beloved

-

of Germanism

for Bolshevism

by the Hearst publications, or the parlor Bolshevism

The New Republic was incidentally and amusingly General Becker

in the course

of an investigation

Fort Oglethorpe . One German the interned

- whether

Germans

testified

among

the interned

Attorney

enemy aliens at

that the most widely read periodicals

were “ The Nation of New York

( The Germans ) make only a few subscriptions

...

and

by

inculcated

out by Assistant

brought

the gutter

The New

among

Republic

....

for fear that the government censor

would catch on to the popularity of The Nation and The New Republic .” Many of our professional intellectuals “ American large

have

made

Sociological Congress

a contemptible

,” which

proportion seemed to be divided

met

between

showing

XXI ,

this

in December , 1915 , the

war . At the speakers

those engaged in inane pacifist

and those engaged in downright sinister German Propaganda .

Mem . Ed .,

in

in

prattle

- T . R.

387 , 388 ( 1918 ) .

Academic Revolutionary Fools Harm True Social Reform “ The

stories

Gorky

is a class

class of realistic writer of poems and short beings for whom I have no very great regard

of

per se ; but I would not have the slightest objection to receiving him , and indeed would be rather glad to receive him , if he was merely a member of it . But in addition he represents the very

type of fool academic revolutionist which tends to bring to con fusion and failure the great needed measures of social , political , and industrial reform . I have scant sympathy for that maudlin sentimentality which encourages these creatures abroad , when at home , as Gorky instantly showed by his action when he came , for instance , here , they would be the special sympathizers with > 37

the peculiarly foul assassins who are now rallying to the support the men indicted for the murder of the ex -Governor of Idaho .

of

In addition to this , Gorky in his domestic relations seems to represent with nice exactness the general continental European revolutionary attitude , which in governmental matters is a revolt against order as well as against tyranny , and in domestic matters is a revolt against the ordinary decencies and moralities even more than against conventional hypocrisies and cruelties. ” Mem.Ed. XXIV , 15 , 16 ( 1906 ) .

Morbid Vanity Of Extremists of

These little knots

For Notoriety

Who Thirst extremists

are found everywhere

,

one

type flourishing chiefly in one locality and another type in another . In the particular objects they severally profess to champion they as the poles ,

are as far asunder

its

that each little group has

for one of their characteristics

own patent recipe for salvation

is

and

,up

in

be

of

,

of

.

tal

;

to

no

attention whatever the other little groups but men and moral habit they are fundamentally alike They may twenty different types from the followers Tolstoy Socialists

pays

,

or

,

of

,

is

as

of

,

as

or

in

or

they may ostensibly champion some cause down and municipal reform temperance they itself excellent such may merely with comprehensive vagueness announce themselves corruption machine the general enemies what bad ,

is

at

is

,

the vanguard

and may possibly

not possible The others marching the

is be

,

one side

as

,

,

be

to

them

it

different directions

.

.

of

off

to

,

must

in be

for more than one best

,

to

marching

in

are

of

groups

all

of or

;

.

,

politics and the like Their policies and principles are usually mutually exclusive but that does not alter the conviction which each feels affects feel that his particular group the real vanguard the army reform Of course the particular

38

their associates the

them also

as

speaking

of

pay some

of

unmerited compliment

to

these men we are too apt

of

of

,

of

.

in

, it

of

as in a

, >

is

of

;

only occasion wrong way fact matter the rear and ally that any one them the front There are each group many entirely sincere and honest men and because the presence honest but

matter of fact , the typical extremist of this kind differs from the practical reformer , from the public man who superior moral strives in practical fashion for decency , not at .

As

a

he

is

;

not more virtuous less virtu When Wendell Phillips denounced he

more foolish

of

is

inferior sense He merely

.

.

ous He

.

,

ity but

is in

all in

impracticable

,

”

kind were swept aside

,

definite shape then

the statesmen

and soldiers

,

by

Union and against slavery took

he

on

.

.

,

-

“

as

Abraham Lincoln the slave hound Illinois did not show himself more virtuous than Lincoln but more foolish Neither did he advance the cause of human freedom When the contest for the and his

like Lincoln to

no

it

be

in

of

do

,

morality

,

In do

superiority

is

.

as

,

Grant and Farragut who alone were able ride the superiority efficiency storm Great the the men who things over those who may greater than their not and Seward

,

denounc

384

1900

).

383

(

,

382

,

XV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

sit

to

prefer outside and attract momentary attention ing those who are really forces for good

by

,

to

in

if

go

,

to

,

of

of

,up

to

.

,

a

in

in

addition the simple and sincere men who have twist their mental make these knots enthusi asts contain especially among their leaders men morbid vanity who thirst for notoriety men who lack power accomplish any thing they fight with their fellows for results and who

And Corruptionist Are Natural Allies

Demagogue

as

a

In

.

to

has

much

to

,

deal justly by his fellows

as

,

or

if

,

to

tries

as

is

to

,

of

of

just thing The triumph the mob evil the triumph the plutocracy and have escaped one danger avails nothing whatever we succumb the other the end the poor who earns his own living and honest man whether rich fear from the

,

39

these two classes we shall ,

either

of If

.

men

of

of

fall into the hands

as

,

,

,

be

to

,

on

,

to or

,

promising much and per insincere and unworthy demagogue forming nothing performing nothing else but evil who would plunder the rich set the mob from the crafty corrup tionist who for his own ends would permit the common people exploited by the very wealthy we ever let this government

ourselves false to America's past . Moreover , the demagogue

show

and the corruptionist often work hand in hand

. There are at this moment wealthy reactionaries of such obtuse morality that they regard the public servant who prosecutes them when they violate the law , or who seeks to make them bear their proper share of the public burdens , as being even more objectionable than the violent

agitator who hounds on the mob to plunder the rich . There is nothing to choose between such a reactionary and such an agi tator ; fundamentally they are alike in their selfish disregard of the and it is natural that they should join in opposi tion to any movement of which the aim is fearlessly to do exact others

;

all . 420

1906

Cheap Money

really does not matter much

as

in It

,

,

Denounces Riot Revolution

And Crime the quantity

of of

,

,

419

to

XVII

).

Ed

.,

Mem

.

and even justice to

(

of

rights

the

of

it

is

of

of

be

.

is

is

of

of

is

It

.

a

money country the quality the money that im portance and the circumstances the people The real point good and that that the credit the country should should merely the measure contain those things which money .

value

.

is

of

do

But the Bryanites not depend and cannot depend only upon the cry for cheap money Dishonest finance only one

,

of

.

of

.

hatred for

and the rest

the crew

are

,

represen

of

fit

-

.

of

jealousy

-

,

,

Debs

of

,

Coxey

sectional

of

and the men who stand

Tillman

envy

Mr. Bryan his right and his left hands Altgeld

class and at

of

do ,

to -

the mean and sombre vices

and

of

invoked the aid the well

,

of of

is

to

to

;

a

an

their rallying cries they wish also debased judiciary and ex ecutive pledge not interfere with violent mobs What they appeal the spirit social unrest the spirit discontent They have

40

,

if

,

,

every those forces which simmer beneath the surface community they civilized and which could break out would destroy not only property and civilization but finally even them

tatives

selves , leaving after them a mere burnt - out waste

cooled lava overflow becomes mere slag and cinders . They seek to rally to their banners all the forces that make for social disorder and na , as a

tional destruction . They hold out lures to the honest man who , through no fault of his own , has met with crushing disaster , and who strikes at what he calls the conditions of society with the same unreasonable

anger that makes a child strike at the table or

door against which it has hurt itself . They dazzle the eye of the visionary social reformer ( well known to every man who has strug gled for practical reform as one of his greatest enemies ) ; the being who reads Tolstoy , or , if he possesses less intellect , Bellamy and Henry George ; who studies Carl Marx and Proudhon , and believes that at this stage

of

the world's progress it is possible to make every

one happy by an immense siasts

just

as other enthu possibility mental caliber believe in the of con perpetual - motion machine . They bid for the support of

social revolution

,

of similar

structing

a

the knaves who see their profit in social convulsion , hoping to find it , if they be demagogues , in the shape of high office ; or if they are

more vulgar wrong -doers , in the opportunities offered by a general relaxation of the laws . They attract to their standard of the sullen , men without very much intellect or very much strength

of charac

ter , who are given to emotional bursts , both of good and evil , who are apt to think themselves injured because they do not get along as

well

their more thrifty or harder working or more intelligent

as

neighbors

,

and who can be readily led by demagogues into an agita

tion of which they will ultimately be themselves the most helpless victim .

There is something pathetic in the sight of these dupes of the demagogues and visionary reformers . They are not to blame so much for hardness of heart as for softness of head . They mean well usually , but they find life a difficult and disheartening problem , and instead of standing to their work like men , winning or losing if they must , they whine about the “ social forces ” being unjust and listen eagerly

both to the designing scoundrel who exercises his passions for his own profit and to the well - meaning enthusiast , 41

distribution

do of

.

to

wealth and secure business success alike just quack doctors are willing all

,

as

the deserving and undeserving

to to

unequal

of

all

to

all

who thinks he has some patent cure make every one happy struggling These amiable enthusiasts like assure the masses specifics away misery mankind that their will cure and with

be

to

is

of

criminals the men

and even Mr.Tillman's

,

assassination

,

of

to

of of

foulest

those

a

,

,

is

as

be

they can far understood include everything that decent whether the abhorred so

,

on

,

which

of

If

.

of

he is

,

whose crimes take the form general attack

is

he

.

-

,

to

it

free riot and free pardon

nostrums

,

guarantee that their drugs will make men equally healthy equally strong and equally clear sighted them can each try his own patent remedy willing allowed combine Mr.Bryan's with the remedies others own favorite motto join with Mr. Altgeld's recipe repudiation but willing

of

;

,

be

(

a

rather complicated excepting always that

403

.

1896

).

402

,

401

,

,

XVI

(

of

a

) is

hard work and thrift has accumulated competence every other class benefited by the plunder

1912

42

)

404

(

XXIV

,

.,

.

Ed

a

have

Do

very strong

their ceaseless and intemperate and against the mushy people

other criminals once the crime

.

who would excuse him and been committed

,

,

to

,

feeling against the people who abuse excited him the action

I

;

have not the slightest feeling against him by

I

Shooting Of T.R. Inspired By Agitators And Excused By Gooders

Mem

as ,

be

.

or

,

which every class

Ed .,

by

itself into

resolves

be

to Mem

ultimately robbery

.

which

believe

by

of

their plan system

takes the form

affect

to

or ,

of

by

,

of

decency

believe

of

speech action All them that people generally must bene giving them something which they have not got and fited course this something must taken from somebody else

spirit

has

Parlor Reformers Reflect Cowardice And Hypocricy I had already had some exasperating experiences with the silk stocking ” reformer type , as Abraham Lincoln called it , the gentlemen who were very nice , very refined , who shook their "

heads over political corruption and discussed it in drawing - rooms and parlors , but who were wholly unable to grapple with real men in real life . They were apt vociferously to demand “ reform " as if

it

were some concrete substance , like cake , which could be handed out at will , in tangible masses , if only the demand were urgent enough . These parlor reformers made up for inefficiency in action by zeal in criticising ; and they were delighted in criticising the men who really were doing the things which they said ought to be done , but which they lacked the sinewy power to do . They

often upheld ideals which were not merely impossible but highly undesirable , and thereby played into the hands of the very poli ticians to whom they professed to be most hostile . Moreover , if they believed that their own interests , individually or as a class , were jeoparded, they were apt to show no higher standards

than

did the men they usually denounced . One

of their shibboleths

was that the office should seek the

man and not the man the office . This is entirely true

of

certain

offices at certain times . It is entirely untrue when the circum stances are different . It would have been unnecessary and unde sirable for Washington to have sought the Presidency . But if Abraham Lincoln had not sought the Presidency he never would have been nominated . The objection in such a case as this lies not to seeking the office , but to seeking it in any but an honorable and proper manner . The effect of the shibboleth in question is usually merely to put a premium on hypocrisy , and therefore to favor the creature who is willing to rise by hypocrisy .

T.R. Autobiography

- Scribner

pp . 86 , 87

Mem.Ed. XXII

, 105 , 106 ( 1884 ) .

43

Vigilantes

And Lynch -Law

Necessary During Social Anarchy

In great crises it may be necessary to overturn constitutions and disregard statutes , just as it may be necessary to establish a vigilance committee , or take refuge in lynch -law ; but such a remedy is always dangerous , even when absolutely necessary ; and the mo ment it becomes the habitual remedy , it is a proof that society is going backward . Of this retrogression the deeds of the strong man who

sets

himself above the law may be partly the cause and partly

the consequence ., XIII ,

Mem . Ed

but they are always the signs

;

of

decay

.

325 ( 1900 )

Civilization Is Based On Law And Order

– Anarchy

Breeds Tyranny

of

is

in

no

, it

at

,

be

it

of

,

to

of

.

of

,

no

in

,

it

be

.

of

lie

The first essential of civilization is law . Anarchy is simply the handmaiden and forerunner of tyranny and despotism . Law and order enforced with justice and by strength the foundations upon justice civilization Law must based else cannot stand and must enforced with resolute firmness because enforcing justice weakness means the end that there disorderly and unscrupulous and law nothing but the rule orderly obedience strength Without the habit the law with or

,

of

;

to

.

to

arms

redress griev

justified that can only extreme very suffer any moderate evil even 44

a

in

or

measures

far better

to

the appeal

Of Rebellion

be

are

No Justification

,

is

;

these

It

.

cases

revolution to

,

Rebellion

There

Is

With Peaceable Redress

ances

no

,

if

to

1901

)

338

(

Ed

,

as

.

Mem

be no

.

in

XV

at

,

.,

,

be

at

out the stern enforcement the laws the expense those who defiantly resist them there can possible progress moral weakening material civilization There can the law abiding spirit here home we are permanently succeed and just little can we afford show weakness abroad

is

or

;

to

,

its

peaceable redress evil , so long as there is a chance of country plunge the than into civil war and the men who head instigate armed rebellions for which there not the most ample

serious

be

justification

it

he

as

;

to

as

.

is

is

of

.

of

as

must held one degree worse than any but the despotism and the Cha tyrants Between the Scylla most evil rybdis anarchy there but little choose and the pilot who blameworthy who throws throws the ship upon one on the other 1900

)

313

(

XIII

,

.,

Ed

.

Mem

government

,

be all

not merely admit but insist that popular government there must

in

I

-

Populations Without Self Control Invite Tyranny and

,

;

en

it

I

be

in

-

it .

1912

ex

every community there are little knots

of

Mock Reformers

”

Fantastic Extremists Are In

experiences that they are not capable contend that the American people most

“

234

(

XIX

the world which have

of

;

but

are capable

,

Ed

.,

.

emphatically Mem

.

their lamentable

this self control -

of

There are people

.)

proved

self control -

practise

by

to

in

of

is

it

.

,

if

,

in

control and fur thermore that control does not come from within must come from without Therefore essential that any people which gages the difficult experiment self government should able especially

fantastic

who loudly proclaim that they are striving for righteous reality ness and who their feeble best for unrighteousness peculiar scorn the man Just the upright politician should hold

.

do

,

45

the

champions

is

,

shame

so

in

a

of

politician reproach and who makes the name genuine reformer should realize that the cause

he a

in

,

as

,

tremists

jeopardized by the mock reformer who does what he

especially

can to make reform a laughing -stock among decent men Mem .

Ed .,

XV

.

,> 381 , 382 ( 1910 ) .

The Corrupt , The Agitator , The Dreamer Are A Menace We cannot trust the mere doctrinaire ; we cannot trust the mere closet reformer , nor yet his acrid brother who himself does

nothing , but who rails at those who endure the heat and burden

of

the day

Yet we can trust still less those base beings who treat politics only as a game out of which to wring a soiled livelihood , and in whose vocabulary the word “ practical ” has come to be a .

synonym for whatever is mean and corrupt . A man is worthless unless he has in him a lofty devotion to an ideal , and he is worth less also unless he strives to realize this ideal by practical methods . He must promise both to himself and to others , only what he can

.

hazards make good

1900

).

403

(

402

,

XV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

such promise he must at

all

perform ; but what really can be performed he must promise and

In

Distrust Reformers Who Find Wickedness Only

The

Rich

.

Scribner 1913

.)

96 (

,

Mem.Ed. XXII

95 ,

80

.

79 ,

T.R. Autobiography

as .

is

,

46

a

,

,

no

of

,

be

in

a

or

if

man

pp

"

of

“

is

,

it

.

he

as

;

of

a

it

in

to

We grew heartily distrust the reformer who never de nounced wickedness unless was embodied rich man Human type change nature does not and that reformer noxious popular rights now ever was The loudmouthed upholder who attacks wickedenss only when allied with wealth and publicly any who never assails misdeed matter how flagrant committed nominally the interest labor has either warped mind trusted by no honest tainted soul and should

Attractive Demands

In

Of Revolutionary

the hideous welter

of

Demagogues

a social

Is A

revolution it

Snare

is the

brutal ,

, and the criminal who prosper , not the hard - working , sober , and thrifty . Life is often hard enough at best ; it is sometimes quite as hard for the rich as for the poor , and too often the good man , the honest and patriotic citizen , suffers many blows from fate , and sees some rascals and some idlers prosper undeservedly ; but the surest way to increase his misery tenfold is for him to play into the hands of the scoundrelly demagogues , to abandon that stern morality without which no man and no nation can ever permanently succeed , and to seek a temporary relief for his own real or imaginary sufferings by plunging others into misery .

the reckless

Mem .

Ed ., XVI ,

404 , 405 ( 1896 )

Anarchy Breeds Despotism Anarchy always serves simply as the handmaiden potism , as those who bring it about should know . Mem .

Ed .,

XIII , 447

of des

( 1900 )

Legal Sedition As Immoral As Illegality

ment ,

Sedition , in the legal sense , means to betray the govern to give aid and comfort to the enemy , or to counsel resis

tance

to the laws or to measures

of law . There

of

government

can be conduct morally may yet not be violation of law . which Mem . Ed ., XXI , 316 ( 1918 ) .

47

having the force

as bad as legal

sedition

COURTS HAVE NO RIGHT TO INTERPRET THE

CONSTITUTION VOTERS SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO RECALL

JUDGES ' DECISIONS PROMISCUOUS

PARDON POWER ABUSED

American Right To Criticize Judges Our position on this matter

is

fundamentally the position

of Lincoln . Our opponents say that we attack the courts . We do not . We attack judges when they go wrong , just exactly as we attack other people when they do wrong Presidents , senators , congressmen .

We do not go as far as Jefferson and Jackson went .

-

Mem..Ed ., XIX , 497

( 1913 ).

Judges Have No Right To Make Laws By Interpretation But where the judges claim the right to make our laws by finally interpreting them , by finally deciding whether or not we have the power to make them , we claim the right ourselves to exercise that power . We forbid any We stand for an upright judiciary

.

men , no matter what their official position may be

,

to usurp the

, the right which is the people's . We recognize in Congress neither court nor nor President , any divine right to over

right which is ours

will of the people expressed with due deliberation in orderly fashion and through the forms of law . ride

the

Mem . Ed .,

XIX ,

460 ( 1912 ).

American People, Not Judges, Are Ultimate Authority

48

.

as

and legislative

representatives

of

to

the executive

of

the acts

of

as

be

all

The American people , and not the courts , are to determine their own fundamental policies . The people should have power to deal with the effect of the acts of their governmental agencies judicial acts This must extended include the effects well the

people . Where the judge merely does justice

as between

man and

then the interest of the public is only to see that he is a a wise and upright judge . Means

man ,

not dealing with constitutional questions

,

should be devised for making it easier than at present to get rid of an incompetent judge ; means should be devised by the bar and the bench acting in conjunction with the various legislative bodies to make justice far more expeditious and more certain than at present . The stick -in -the -bark legalism , the legalism that subordinates equity

to technicalities , should be recognized as a potent enemy of justice . But this is not the matter of most concern at the moment .

Our prime concern is that in dealing with the fundamental law of the land , in assuming finally to interpret it , and therefore finally to make it , the acts of the courts should be subject to and not above the final control of the people

as a whole . I deny that American people have surrendered to any set of men , no matter what their position or their character , the final right to determine those fundamental questions upon which free self

the

government ultimately depends . The people themselves must be the ultimate makers of their own Constitution , and where their agents differ in their interpretations of the Constitution the people themselves

judgment

,

should be given the chance , after full and deliberate authoritatively to settle what interpretation it is that

their representatives

shall thereafter adopt as binding .

Mem . Ed ., XIX , 367 , 368 ( 1912 ) .

Leniency Through Pardons Does

Harm

To Cause Of Justice

49

;

be

be

,

it

as

in ill

as

Every time that rape or criminal assault on a woman is par doned , and anything less than the full penalty of the law exacted , a premium is put on the practice of lynching such offenders . Every time a big moneyed offender , who naturally excites interest and sympathy , and who has many friends , is excused from serving a sentence which a man of less prominence and fewer friends would have to serve , justice is discredited in the eyes of plain people – and to undermine faith in justice is to strike at the foun dation of the Republic . As for health must remembered healthy prison they would that few people are outside

should be no discrimination among criminals on this score either criminals who grow unhealthy should out given none Pardons must sometimes order that the cause justice may served but cases such these am consider ing while know that many amiable people differ from me am obliged say that my judgment the pardons work far reaching justice harm the cause

,

be

,

I

as

in

be

I

1913

)

513

(

512

,

,

XXII

.

of

-

in

to

to

Ed

.,

.

Mem

in

;

I

,

be

.

of or

;

let

there

all

and

of

.

to

a

is a

and

ac

,

issue

whereas

,

;

given

or

,

is

case

action

us

,

the people with one purpose may

at

to

its

It

or

definite and clear

certainly far Constitution

the

with the Fourteenth Amendment for instance has shown that

,

a

as

be

to

of

.

of

it

getting method apply merely will the

called

quicker

the National

amendment by

passed

by

Constitution

amended

the

declare

constitutional

an to

tual experience

applying the Constitution

the Constitution

be

therefore would

passage

mere terminology whether this

ordinary

the

treated

in

getting

is

-

construing

because

,

method superior

matter

a

is

or

method

amended

not the proposed law

to of of

It

whether

period which

have the right

the people shall themselves

be

could not original law

-

that after due deliberation for less than two years after the

be

I

propose

for

People Should Have Right For Judicial Recall

it

of

a

to

cases

,

conflicting fashion

of

of

the people the Consti mere guesswork on the part our

the people could not decide

could not possibly 50

in

,

the next place

is

,

this

by

of

multitude

my opponents say that under my proposal there

the first place

.

opponents

apply

who passed the amendment had

conflicting interpretations In

.

would tution

In be

Some

of

applying

is

the people

which

it

positive

not the remotest idea

to

the courts

it .

by

.

a

in

a

has been construed

to

to

the courts apply wholly different purposes construction which makes wholly different manner The Fourteenth Amendment and

more

make their decisions

con

flict with one another to a greater degree , than has actually been the case with the courts . Mem . Ed .,

XIX ,

The People,

261 , 262 ( 1912 ) .

The Courts , Should Set Social Policy

Not

And I contend that the people , in the nature of things , must be better judges of what is the preponderant opinion than the courts , and

the courts should not be allowed to reverse

that

the political philosophy

by

a recent

of

decision

of

the people

.

My point is well illustrated , holding that the court

the Supreme Court

involving the constitutionality of the initiative and referendum laws of Oregon . The ground of the decision was that such a question was not judicial in nature but should left for determination the other ordinate de a case

,

co -

of

in

a

is

,

the legislature

or

Is it

is

by

be

settled

the

1912

).

206

not equally plain that the ques for the public good not

the people themselves (

XIX

,

.,

Ed

.

Mem

but should

by

judicial nature final instance

,

a

.

the government given social policy tion whether

?

of

partments

to

be

its

would not take jurisdiction of

,

Lincoln

that we must

prevent

of

to

,

men who pervert

progress

to ,

by

or

,

51

by

,

.

a

1912

.)

253

by

or

XIX

,

.,

Ed

(

a

.

Mem

,

for the cause the humanity and the betterment.of mankind are pledged eternal war against tyranny and wrong the few the many by plutocracy mob

uplift

of

We who stand for the cause

of

."

the Constitution

of

,

to

of

.

or

being done either Congress courts The people rightful these United States are masters both Congress and courts not overthrow the Constitution but overthrow the “

wrong

the words

by

,

in

We say

of

Oppose The Courts Or Mobs Who Pervert The Constitution

Courts Power To Interpret Is Power To Establish Now

the power to interpret is the power to establish

,

;

and

if are not to be allowed finally to interpret the funda mental law , ours is not a popular government . the people

The true view

is

that legislators

and judges

alike

are the

servants of the people , who have been created by the people just as the people have created the Constitution , and they hold only

power

such them

.

as the people

If these

of power

sets

respectively

Constitution a matter

two

,

of

and

if

course

,

have for the time

being delegated

to

of public

servants disagree as to the amounts delegated to them by the people under the

of sufficient importance , then , as it should be the right of the people them

the case is

selves to decide between them

.

I do not say that the people are infallible . But I do say that our whole history shows that the American people are more often sound in their decisions governmental

bodies

delegated portions

If

to whom

with any of the for their convenience , they have

than is the case ,

of their power .

this is not so , then there is no justification

of our government cation for refusing to give

existence

;

and

if it

is so , then there is no

for the

justifi

the people the real , and not merely the nominal , ultimate decision on questions of constitutional law . Mem . Ed .,

XIX ,

190 ( 1912 ) .

People Should Be Able To Recall Unfit Judges I do not believe in adopting the recall save as a last resort when it has become clearly evident achieve the desired result .

that no other course

,

will

But either the recall will have to be adopted or else it will have to be made much easier than it now is to get rid , not merely 52

of so

judge , but of a judge who , however virtuous , has grown out of touch with social needs and facts that he is unfit longer a bad

to render good service on the bench Mem . Ed .,

XIX

.

, 185 ( 1912 ) .

The People Must Have Power To Fashion True Justice But where

in my own State of New

, the highest court of the State , because of philosophy outworn dead and gone systems understanding and sympathy with the living the those the community whose needs are greatest

,

of

,

,

of

,

all

of

of

,

in

lack

vital needs

to

of of to

its

, as

instance

adherence and

in any community

its

York , for

,

to

be

the

.

less

1912

.)

243

(

XIX

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

,

,

Constitution made binding upon their servants the judges than upon their servants the legislators and executives

,

have their judgment made efficient and their interpretation

no of ,

,

in

I

;

in

a

privilege and the most effective becomes bulwark means efficient fashion for for preventing the people from working given true justice then hold that the people must themselves the power after due deliberation and constitutional fashion

provide

means which will enable the people readily any point works injustice and also means which

53

,

and

after due

without appeal

any constitutional point

is . to

,

1912

).

166

(

,

.,

.

XIX

popular vote

,

but finally

deliberation and discussion settle what the proper construction Ed

by

themselves

of

permit the people

will

,

it

at

if

amend

it

constitution

this

Mem

ask you clearly

to in

therefore very earnestly

to

I

Public Should Decide On Constitutional Interpretation

Of A

Crime Committed In The Name

Cause

Is No Excuse

of

be

;

;

all -

I treated anarchists and the bomb - throwing and dynamiting gentry precisely as I treated other criminals . Murder is murder . It is not rendered one whit better by the allegation that it is com mitted on behalf of “ a cause .” It is true that law and order are not sufficient but they are essential lawlessness and mur quelled before any permanence derous violence must re ,

,

engine

of

its

being turned into

-

561

1913

)

XXII

Scribner

(

Ed

,

R.

Mem

Autobiography

.,

T.

491

.

.p

.

and that will not tolerate injustice and oppression

an

to

as a

we

is

of

in

be

.

be

form can obtained Yet when they have been quelled the beneficiaries of the enforcement of law must their turn upheld justice taught that law means the enforcement

Well Intentioned Reformers Often Frame The Worst Laws

of

a

.

by ;

is

of

of

to

and on the other hand that many

is

in

of

to

is

It is

of

.

is

,

of

be

by

,

is

at

in

to

,

or to

is

to

It

almost equally dangerous either blink evils and refuse acknowledge their existence spirit strike them ignorant revenge thereby doing far more harm than remedied The need can met only careful study conditions and boldly action which while taken and without hesitation neither heedless nor reckless well remember on the one hand that reformers the demands reasonable what the adoption adoption prevent way what unreasonable the the surest the worst and most dangerous

1900

)

48 (

47 ,

XVII

,

.,

Ed

Mem

.

.

-

laws which have been put upon statute books have been put there by zealous reformers with excellent intentions

Swift And Severe Legal Punishment Will Prevent Lynching

54

of

a

of

in

a

I

in

The views then held and now hold were expressed Negro convicted memorandum made the case the rape

of

a

young Negro girl , practically

don had been sent me .

a

child . A petition for his par

White House , Washington , D. C.,

August

8,

1904 .

The application for the commutation of sentence of John . This man committed the most hideous crime , known to our laws and twice before he has committed crimes of a similar, though less horrible , character . In my judgment there is no justification whatever for paying heed to the allegations that he

W. Burley is denied

not of sound mind , allegations made after the trial and convic tion . Nobody would pretend that there has ever been any such degree of mental unsoundness shown as would make people even consider sending him to an asylum if he had not committed this crime. Under such circumstances he should certainly be esteemed is

to suffer the penalty for his monstrous deed . I have sympathy scant with the plea of insanity advanced to save a man consequences from the of crime, when unless that crime has been committed it would have been impossible to persuade any respon sible authority to commit him to an asylum as insane . Among the most dangerous criminals , and especially among those prone to commit this particular kind of offense , there are plenty of a temper so fiendish or so brutal as to be incompatible with any other than a brutish order of intelligence ; but these men are nevertheless responsible for their acts ; and nothing more tends to encourage crime among such men than the belief that through the plea of insanity or any other method it is possible for them to es cape paying the just penalty of their crimes . The crime in ques sane enough

tion is one to the existence of which we largely owe the existence of that spirit of lawlessness which takes form in lynching . It is a crime so revolting that the criminal is not entitled to one particle of sympathy from any human being . It is essential that the punish ment for it should be not only as certain , but as swift as possible . The jury in this case did their duty by recommending the infliction of the death penalty . It is to be regretted that we do not have special provision for more summary dealing with this type of cases . The more we do what in us lies to secure certain and swift justice in dealing with these cases , the more effectively do we 55

work against the growth of that lynching spirit which is so full of evil omen for this people , because it seeks to avenge one infamous crime by the commission of another of equal infamy . The application is denied and the sentence will be carried into effect . T.

R. Autobiography

–

Scribner

pp . 474 , 475 Mem .

Ed ., XXII

, 425 , 426 ( 1904 )

56

VI FOR FIRM POLICE ENFORCEMENT EXPOSE

MAWKISH JUDGES

THE

AND

MUSHY

SENTIMENTALISTS VICTIMS ARE MORE IMPORTANT THAN CRIMINALS RAMPANT CRIME WILL BREED VIGILANTES Weakening

To

The Police Power Increases Dishonesty And Crime

weaken the force in its dealings with gangs and toughs and

criminals generally is as damaging as to permit dishonesty , and , moreover , works towards dishonesty . But while under the present law very much improvement can be worked , there is need of

of the law which will make the Police Commissioner a per non -partisan official, holding office so long as he proves throughly for the job completely independent the poli change

of

,

fit

manent ,

–

> ,

Scribner

224

Sympathy Belongs

1913

).

223

To

XXII

,

Mem.Ed.

(

186 ,

.p

T.R. Autobiography

.

of

.

be

,

ticians and privileged interests and with complete power over the force This means that there must the right law and the right public opinion back the law

The Victims Not The Criminals

particle

57

.

an

.

,

I

of

a

–

or

to

of

of

.

is

all

at

to

to to of

-

I

I

of

–

of

a

it ,

I

as

I

sympathy with the sentimentality deem the mawkishness which overflows with foolish pity for the criminal and cares not for the victim the criminal am glad see wrong doers punished The punishment society and put the absolute necessity from the standpoint society reformation the criminal second the welfare But do desire see the man woman who has paid the penalty and helping hand who wishes surely every one reform given have not

.

1913

)

154

(

XXII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

-

all

us who knows his own heart must know that he too may stumble , and should be anxious to help his brother or sister who has stum bled . When the criminal has been punished , if he then shows a sincere desire to lead a decent and upright life , he should be given the chance , he should be helped and not hindered ; and if he makes good , he should receive that respect from others which so often possessions aids in creating self -respect – the most invaluable of

a

at

of

by

or

,

of

have not the slightest sympathy with put the policeman the mercy him efficient weapons While Police

any policy which tends tough which deprives

.

may explain that

to I

I

Violent Crime Must Be Punished With Police Severity

to

to

of

.

in

or to

;

in

,

up ,

”

"

of

to

or to to

of

.

an

all

Commissioner we punished any brutality the police with such severity brutality practically came immediate that cases end No decent citizen had anything fear from the police during the two years my service But we consistently encour aged the police prove that the violent criminal who endeavored molest them resist arrest interfere with them the discharge grave jeopardy and we had their duty was himself every gang broken and the members punished with whatever .

severity was necessary

180 216

1896

).

XXII

(

.

.

Mem Ed

,

.p

-

T.R. Autobiography Scribner

Too Lenient Judges Nullify Police Law Protection is

to

58

of

let

of

if

;

1896

)

311

(

310

,

XVI

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

is

,

go

.

do

to

,

In

the next place the most effective way reduce crime impose heavier sentences on for the judges and magistrates criminals The police their duty well but the courts the criminals with inadequate sentences the effect the labor largely wasted the police

Police Must Be Armed Well And Required To Be Just There is every possible reason for seeing that the efficiency of the police is not impaired , for such impairment is always at the expense of law - abiding and upright men , whether rich or poor . There can be no possible justification for seeking to impair this

If

let

a

to

the police power is used oppressively , or improperly , stop means put the practice and punish those

all

by

us

let

efficiency .

be

a

.

.

as

be

all

uniform

would policemen instead

;

A

.

is

bad man

purpose

it in of

is

at

evil

but

no

a

,

is

ef

.

as a

,

regards the

1917

).

XXI

73 (

Ed

., .

Mem

..

of

.

tion complete Exactly the same rule applies ficiency the police force whole

as

a

;

in

he

to be it at

,

.

-

be

,

having

,

this fact insist that automatic revolvers armed with flint lock pistols give policeman We must the individual the best arms possible may not disadvantage when pitted against order that criminal and then see that under circumstances are imperative these arms used unless the need and the justifica

of

childish because

foolish

his weapon

use

to

perhaps

to

any other course

of

may

or

,

a

To follow

or

a

us

for

it ;

just but remember that brute will much of brute whether he inefficient efficient Either keep them efficiency abolish the police the highest point

responsible

The More Atrocious Crimes Attract Most Maudlin Sympathy

Any

,

of

of

.

of

a

on

so

or

,

-

of

to

do with the infliction man who has ever had anything punishment the death penalty indeed with any form beings constituted that their knows that there are sentimental the behalf sympathies are always most keenly aroused penalty peculiar atrocity offender who pays the for deed

)

386 1900 (

XIII

,

,

Mem.Ed.

.

of

,

,

is is

that the more conspicuous the crime The explanation probably and the more acute their arrested the more their attention sympathy become manifestations

59

Firmness Against Criminals Will Deter Mob Violence

In connection with

of

the delays

the law , I call your atten

in

its at its

to

the

own by

is

it

corruption necessary supplement this

.

necessary

A

the execution

is

in

legislation will add speed and certainty the law When we deal with lynching even more

.

and

to

of ,

public conscience

whatever

of

own

has

,

its or

,

of of

be

it

;

.

an

to

awakened

West

time jeering busy trying amend

faults another section should shortcomings To deal with the crime have

East

can with wisdom spend

of

;

faults no section

South

,

,

,

Each section North

.

another

,

,

in

up

to

all

tion and the attention of the nation to the prevalence of crime lynching and mob vio the epidemic lence that springs now one part our country now

among us , and above

of

of

black men

the hideous

of

bestial

deed

and reducing

level with the criminal

.

a

themselves to

death the man committing ,

in

thus

to

themselves torturing avenging bestial fashion

this crime

a

by

it ; of

.

-

,

crime the most abominable the category crimes frequently avenge the commission even worse than murder Mobs in

rape

,

especially

all

by

,

the perpetration

of

is

ing

.

in

to

,

is

peculiarly fre great many white men are lynched but the crime lynch quent respect black men The greatest existing cause

grows by what feeds upon and when mobs lynch they begin speedily extend the sphere for rape their operations and lynch for many other kinds crimes that two thirds the lynchings are not for rape while considerable ,

so

.

all

all ;

aa

of

crime

1906

).

412

(

411

,

of XVII

the individuals lynched are innocent

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

proportion

at

of

of

to

of

;

it

Lawlessness

the Congress

our criminal law more

request that you pay heed this subject Centuries ago

60

it to

-g

I

;

of

make

of

I

action

effective and most earnestly report eneral the attorney

.

need

to

urgent

asked the attention

on

the

my last message

of

to

In

Change Laws That Coddle The Criminal

the was

especially

needful to throw every safeguard round the accused . The danger then was lest he should be wronged by the State . The danger is now exactly the reverse . Our laws and customs tell immensely in favor of the criminal and against the interests of the public he has wronged

Some antiquated and outworn rules which the threatened rights of private citizens , now merely work harm to the general body politic . The criminal law of once

.

safeguarded

the Unites States stands in urgent need Mem .

Ed .,

XXII

of revision .

, 365 , 366 ( 1005 ) .

Death Penalty For Murder And Rape My experience of the way in which pardons are often granted is one of the reasons why I do not believe that life imprisonment for murder and rape is a proper substitute for the death penalty . The average term of so - called life imprisonment in this country is

only about fourteen Mem . Ed .,

XXII

years .

, 351 ( 1913 )

Police Cannot Be Guided By Mushy Sentimentality

You don't want any mushy sentimentality when you are deal ing with criminals . One of the things that many of our good re formers should learn is that fellow -feeling for the criminal is out of place . You may be sorry for him ; you may not feel revengeful toward him ; but if you are going to do good you will put him down , and you've got to put him down . That is what the police man is there Mem . Ed .,

for.

XVI ,

282 , 283 ( 1895 )

Laws Cannot Change A Man's Will Or Character the last analysis , the most important elements in any man's career must be the sum of those qualities which , in the aggregate ,

In

we speak

of

as character .

If he

has not got it , then no law that the 61

–

then

in of

the

,

1910

)

,

30 (

XIX

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

to

of

,

of

.

a

a

in

man

,

good neighbor You must have that and you law and the kind must have the kind addition ministration the law which will give those qualities private citizen the best possible chance for development

makes

ad ,

,

a

,

a

a

in

all ,

wit of man can devise , no administration of the law by the boldest and strongest executive , will avail to help him . We must have the right kind of character – character that makes a man , first of good husband good father that good man the home

to

of

the Congress

to

make

it

.

on

of

.

of

in

the criminal and against the interests

the

has wronged Some antiquated and outworn rules which safeguarded the threatened rights private citizens now .

366

.

1905

);

365

,

,

Mem.Ed. XVII

(

in

of

.

to

work harm the general body politic The criminal law urgent need the United States stands revision merely

of

,

of

once

favor

he

public

.

be

he

is

mensely

by

.

to

-

of

I

;

our criminal law more effec tive and most earnestly request that you pay heed the report the attorney general this subject Centuries ago was especially needful throw every safeguard round the accused wronged The danger then was lest should the State The exactly danger now the reverse Our laws and customs tell im need

action

to

asked the attention

I

In

my last message

the urgent

of

Outdated Laws Favor The Criminal Against The Public

our criminal laws

to

the execution

of

The two great evils

in

Sentimentality And Technicality Cripple Criminal Laws

.

,

its

,

of

.

day are sentimentality and technicality For the latter the remedy must come from the hands the legislatures the courts and the lawyers The other must depend for cure upon the gradual

62

all

of

a

of

growth sound public opinion which shall insist that regard for the law and the demands reason shall control other

influences and emotions in the jury -box. Both of these evils must be removed or public discontent with the criminal law will con tinue . Mem .

Ed ., XVII,

506 ( 1907 )

63

VII PACIFISM

AS AN

ENEMY WEAPON

TO

UNDERMINE AMERICA

OUR FOES MOBILIZE THE EFFEMINATE

, THE COWARDLY ,

THE DUPES AND THE BARBAROUS

Ancient Civilizations Destroyed By Pacifism But the curse of every ancient civilization was that its men in the end became unable to fight . Materialism , luxury , safety , even sometimes an almost modern sentimentality , weakened the fibre of each civilized race in turn ; each became in the end a nation of pacifists, and then each was trodden under foot by some ruder people that had kept that virile fighting power the lack of which makes all other virtues useless and sometimes even harmful . Mem . Ed .,

XIV ,

48 , 49 ( 1917 )

Pacifists Do More Harm Than Thieves And Grafters Some of the men and women who uphold the cause of the professional pacifists are actuated by good motives . The same statement can be made of some of the Tories in the Revolutionary War , of some of the Copperheads in the Civil War . But the fact remains in this case , as in the case of the Copperheads and the

Tories , that the sum of the activities of the men and women thus engaged was purely .mischievous and represented evil to America and evil to the cause of international justice and right. Wilkes Booth was an honest he was doubtless great

courage

sincere

in

; when he assassinated Lincoln the belief that he was doing right ;

man

to perform

the evil feat. Yet Wilkes Booth did a worse deed than the most corrupt politician or business man of exactly the same way time preaches peace any price the man who non resistance wrong disarmament and the submission everything arbitra and

was needed

64

all

to

-

,

In

to

,

of

.

at his

surely

tion , no matter how sincere and honest he may be , is rendering a worse service to his fellow countrymen than any exponent of crooked business or crooked politics . The deification of peace without regard to whether it is wise or righteous does not represent virtue . It represents peculiarly base and ignoble form of evil .

either a

Mem . Ed ., XX ,

346 , 347 ( 1916 )

A Foe Of Mankind

- Patriot

Non

Let me say at once that I am no advocate of a foolish cos mopolitanism . I believe that a man must be a good patriot before he can be , and as the only possible way of being , a good citizen of Experience teaches

us that the average man

,

so

;

of

a

be

of

mankind

citizen

any

very fact

of

in

is

,

be

to

In

of

a

is

citizen the world citizen whatever corner the moment the dim future

undesirable at

,

he

an

happens

does not care

373

,

at

distrust

him

,

to

,

wise

to

it

indifference

dis

.

distrust the man who can take the same his wife and mother

1910

).

XV

,

.

.,

Mem Ed

view

of

passionate

wise

(

is

it

just

as

the same level with tepid

is all

;

moral needs and moral standards may change but present man can view his own country and other countries from

a

if

all

the world

he

that the man who says that one country because usually exceedingly

he

proves himself the foe

to

practice

actual

he

,

in

he

does not care for his country because

of

tests that his international feeling swamps

mankind

who pro feeling national that cares much for

his

.

in .

the world

College Bred Pacifists Are The Most Pernicious these professional pacifists preach such cowardice other times they preach the utter flabbiness and feeble

.

At

Sometimes

openly

is

.

to

of

in

is a

it

;

to

a

to

,

,

65

It

moral and physical which inevitably breeds cowardice dreadful thing think that the event war brave men would have shed their blood worse thing think that these

ness

purchase their own ignoble safety by the blood The men and women guilty of such preaching and such practice are thoroughly bad citizens . The worst of them , of course , feeble

of

folk would

others

.

are those in the colleges , and those who profess to speak for the colleges ; for to them much has been given and from them much should be expected . The college boys who adopt the professional

pacifist views , who make peace leagues and preach the doctrines of international cowardice , are unfitting themselves for any career more manly than that of a nursemaid . A grown - up of the profes sional pacifist type is not an impressive figure ; but the college boy who deliberately elects to be a “ sissy ” should be replaced in the nursery and spanked Mem . Ed .,

XX ,

.

363 , 364 ( 1916 )

Empty Resolutions and Phony Treaties A National Menace The persons who seek to persuade our people that by doing nothing , by passing resolutions that cost nothing , and by writing eloquent messages and articles that mean nothing , and by com placently applauding elocution that means less than nothing , some service is thereby rendered to humanity , are not only ren dering

no such service , but are weakening the spring of national . This applies to the publicists and politicians who write messages and articles and make speeches of this kind ; it applies character

to the newspaper

editors and magazine writers who applaud such of all it applies to those of our people who insist upon the passage of treaties that cannot and will not be enforced , while they also inveigh against preparedness , and shud utterances

,

and most

der at action on behalf Mem .

Ed ., XX ,

of our own

rights

.

352 ( 1916 )

Pacifism In Civil Life Aids Crime - National Pacifism Aids Tyranny Righteousness when triumphant brings peace ; but peace may bring righteousness . Whether war is right or wrong depends not

purely upon the purpose for which , and the spirit in which , it is 66

with what takes place in civil life is per fect . The exertion of force or violence by which one man masters another may be illustrated by the case of a black -hander who kid naps a child , knocking down the nurse or guardian ; and it may also be illustrated by the case of the guardian who by violence withstands and thwarts the black -hander in his efforts to kidnap the child , or by the case of the policeman who by force arrests the black - hander or white - slaver or whoever it is and takes his victim Here the analogy

.

away from him . There are ,

all

waged

of

course , persons who believe that always immoral resist wrong doing -

to

a

is

It

,

,

in in

or or

of

,

to

is

a

.

,

or .

of

a

to

he

or to in

by

if

I to

a

is

or

to

or

it

it .

to

;

of

.

I

in

is

it

,

is

force immoral that by force have never taken much interest the individuals who profess this kind twisted morality and do not know the ex they are right tent which they practically apply But theory wrong their then for man endeavor force daughter from rape save his wife sister other abuse save his children from abduction and torture waste of position folly any time discuss with man such wickedness willing and poltroonery But unless man take this position cannot honestly condemn the use force violence war

or

or

-

in

to

differentiate among wars and nations certain wars and equally praise other nations certain other wars

of

.

in

to

us

principles which require condemn unstintedly certain without stint

or

to or

be

-

or

an

for the policeman who risks and perhaps loses takes life deal ing with burglar anarchist white slaver black hander highwayman must justified condemned on precisely the same

to

its

1916

)

270

(

269

,

XX

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

67

a

as

;

.

be

to

of

as

as

,

a

or

to

in

,

or

,

,

,

is

to

,

If

,

.

in

as

If

force the use war also objects although logical position both above outlined his civil life politicians automo the college presidents absurd and wicked two bile manufacturers and the like who during the past year degrading ignoble form and most have preached pacifism fairly think out the subject and are both sincere and are willing police force intelligent they must necessarily condemn they and they armies just condemn posse comitatus much constable the and sheriff the regard the activities must abolished being essentially militaristic and therefore the man who objects

The Bestial

And The Effeminate Hide Under Pacifist Colors

In some of our big cities , since the war began , men have formed vegetarian societies , claiming to be exempt from service on the ground that they object to killing not merely men , but Others among the leading apostles of applied pacifism are not timid men ; on the contrary they are brutal , violent men , who are perfectly willing to fight, but only for themselves and not for the nation . These rough -neck pacifists have always been the chickens

.

potent allies of the parlor or milk -and -water pacifists ; although they stand at the opposite end of the developmental scale . The parlor pacifist, the white -handed or sissy type of pacifist , repre sents decadence , represents the rotting out of the virile virtues among people who typify the unlovely senile side of civilization . The rough -neck pacifist, on the contrary , is

a mere belated

sav

who has not been educated to the virtues of national pa triotism and of willingness to fight for the national flag and the age ,

national ideal . The savage is a turbulent person anxious to brawl and to fight for his personal advantage , but too short - sighted and selfish to be willing to fight for the common good . Mem . Ed .,

Songs

XXI ,

181 , 182 ( 1917 ) .

Of Protest

?

Recently , in certain circles , some popularity has been achieved entitled " I Didn't Raise My Boy To Be a Soldier " - aа song which ought always to be sung with a companion piece en titled “ I Didn't Raise My Girl To Be a Mother .” The two would by

-

a song

stand on precisely Mem .

Ed ., XX ,

Political

“

the same moral level .

357 ( 1916 )

Peace

”

Panderers

Exploit Fear And Softness

Moreover , it should always be remembered that in these matters the weak cannot be helped by the weak ; that the brutal 68

by

wrong -doer cannot be checked by the coward or by the fat, boast ful , soft creature who does not take the trouble to make himself ,

,

.

of

,

,

using high sound

.

to

,

them and relieve their secret sense shame ing names describe their shortcomings

-

of

by

a

-g

,

by

,

in

.

,

,

to

,

fit

enforce his words his deeds Preparedness means fore thought effort trouble labor Therefore soft men selfish indolent money etting and the great mass men men absorbed well meaning men who shrink from performing the new duties created political leader who will comfort new needs eagerly welcome

he

,

a

on —

.

to

to be

,

or

their timidity vitality the moral the

1916

)

377

(

.

sapping

may

words

men who wish

of

.

he

376

,

XX

,

Ed

.,

.

Mem

is

he

-s

,

, to

win votes and gain office thus pandering hear their selfishness their short ightedness exalted into virtues But people whom misleads

if

in

high sounding -

in

the use

by

he

excels

of

to

or

”

,

“

”

"

if

to

,

politician

as

as a

he

if

,

in

An adroit politician can unquestionably gain many votes duty praises such fashion exalts unpreparedness peace and advocates neutrality both themselves moral even although the peace and neutrality may conditioned the failure do our duty either others ourselves Such

All

the men advocating

such action

,

of

International Wrong Doers Like Criminals Only Respect Effective Force including the profes foreign birth and ,

,

exact par with

York of all

69

the

otten

spoils

a

it

and

they

re

-

,

ill -g

,

-

,

undisturbed possession

of

taining

to

the police and should propose substitute for that the highwaymen white slavers black handers burglars cease their activities for the moment on condition quest

re

,

in

New lawlessness the immediate cessation

,

demand

an

this stamp stand on

epidemic

improper posi

base and

of

of

thoroughly

of

to

,

by

activity

if

there was men who should come together

an

.

,

shrink from duty occupy tion The peace advocates

a

or

all

-

-

,

of

sional pacifists the big business men largely the well meaning but feeble minded creatures among their allies and including especially those who from sheer timidity weakness

had

acquired . The only effective friend

already

of

peace in a big city

be

,

is

is

in

-

,

of

to

,

.

.

international affairs 184

Of Alien Militarism

Professional pacifists attack evil only when

be

Pacifists Are Tools

1915

)

183

(

in XX

,

to

of

means

,

Ed

.,

.

arises

successful

larly true Mem

wrong subdue the worst kind the only argument that wrong doers respect private life force What thus true simi

occasion

,

doers namely

by

the

,

when

is

it

to

of

to

in

of

all

is the man who makes the police force thoroughly efficient , who tries to remove the causes of crime , but who unhesitatingly insists upon the punishment of criminals . Pacifists who believe that use force international matters can abolished will do well remember that the only efficient police forces are those whose violence commit acts members are scrupulously careful not possible when avoid them but who are willing and able

it

to

of

in

to

to

of

an

of

hyphenated Americanism who are ally and tool alien militar turn this country into

1916

)

Of Right

70

,

-

world wide peace like mind Josh Billings's astute remark

that the advocates

should bear

in

,

all

The truth reformers

is

Pacifist Doves Cripple The Forces

of

305

(

XX

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

to

glove with these exponents seeking ism

.

in

.

in

.

,

to

all

to

;

of

its

to

,

In

.

to

can done with entire safety themselves the present great crisis the professional pacifists have confined themselves trying prevent the United States from protecting honor and interest and the lives its citizens abroad and their loud denunciations war they have been careful language apply equally use which would terribly wronged peoples defending that was dear them against cynical and ruthless oppression and the men who were They dare responsible for this cynical and ruthless oppression They speak righteousness not for the concrete dare not speak They against the most infamous wrong the concrete work hand

that

" it

is much easier to be aa harmless dove than a wise serpent .”

The worthy pacifists have completely forgotten that the Biblical injunction is two -sided and that we are bidden not only to be

.

harmless as doves but also to be wise as serpents . The pacifists have undoubtedly been an exceedingly harmless so far as obtaining peace is concerned . They have exerted tically no influence in restraining wrong , although they have

ultra body

prac some

had a real and lamentable influence in crippling the forces right and preventing them from dealing with wrong .

times

of

Mem .

Ed ., XX ,

42 ( 1915 ) .

Flabby Pacifists Represent Unmanly Emasculation Unless we are thoroughgoing Americans and unless our patriotism is part of the very fibre of our being , we can neither serve God nor take our own part . Whatever may be the case in an infinitely remote future , at present no people can render any service to humanity unless as a people they feel an intense sense of national cohesion and solidarity . The man who loves other

.

of

an

it

its

nations as much as he does his own , stands on a par with the man who loves other women as much as he does his own wife . The United States can accomplish little for mankind , save in so far develops as within borders intense spirit Americanism .

of

of

.

a

it .

Is

)

1916

Pacifism By Nature

Also Against Law Enforcement

or

to

,

The precepts and teachings upon which the pacifists rely concerning questions arising from not war but to

apply

a

or

,

233

(

,

XX

is

if

as

of

.

as

its

of

Ed

.,

.

Mem

It

it

if

,

,

a

is

,

A

flabby cosmopolitanism especially expresses itself through flabby pacifism only silly degrading represents not but hyphenated every form national emasculation The professors truly the foes they dwelt Americanism are this country against outside borders and made active war This not hyperbolic statement figure speech

71

individual and mob violence and the exercise of the internal police power . In so far as sincere and logical pacifists are con cerned , they recognize this fact . There are schools of pacifists who decline to profit by the exercise of the police power , who decline to protect not merely themselves , but those dearest to from any form of outrage and violence . The individuals of this type are at least logical in their horror even of just war . If a man deliberately takes the view that he will not resent having his wife's face slapped , that he will not by force endeavor to save his

them

,

of

in

a

by

an

all

,

is

fit

by he is

,

he

,

-

,

of

by a

,

as

he

a

to

a

to

,

.

he is in

at to

,

by

or

to a

,

he

disapproves from outrage and that the police man who interferes force save child kidnapped black girl run off by logical hander white slaver then objecting my mind occupies war Of course un speakably base and loathsome position and not cumber only the world which matter fact exists daughter

,

240,241

Easier To Stop

.

1916

)

XX

(

Ed

.,

Mem

.

he

to

of

protected the maintenance others the very principle which repudiates himself and declines share

because

All Crime

Than To Get World Peace

of

all

,

all

of

similar working ,

by

is

Asia try

to

,

,

One

secure

Europe America the various peoples failings the commonest mankind

of

and Africa

.

among

a

live together undoubtedly very much easier than

agreement

,

and also the reign New York abandon the force harmony without any police force would

of to

,

to

men and mechanics

of

be

and

all

the business

professional crooks

to

,

professors

in in

all

.

of

is

of

a

in

a

,

is

On the whole there much greater equality intellectual among great and moral status the individuals civilized com munity than there between the various nations and peoples getting the earth The task the policemen the college

of

.

is

at

to

to

grandil perform the duty make amends for failure hand oquent talk about something that afar off Most our worthy

to

.

, of

in

pacifist friends adopt this matter the attitude Mrs. Jellyby took foreign toward missions when compared with her own domestic neighborhood meeting together and passing and duties Instead resolutions affect the whole world let them deal with the much 72

of regulating their own localities . When we have dis method by which right living may be spread so uni versally in Chicago and New York that the two cities can with safety abolish their police forces, then , and not till then , it will be worth while to talk about the abolition of war . ” Until that easier task

covered

a

time the discussion will not possess even academic value Mem .

Ed ., XX ,

371 , 372 ( 1916 )

Who Cannot Take Their Own Part Encourage

Weaklings

.

Evil

The man who cannot take his own part is a nuisance in the community , a source of weakness , an encouragement to wrong doers , and an added burden to the men who wish to do what is right . If he cannot take his own part , than somebody else has to take it for him ; and this means that his weakness and cowardice and inefficiency place an added burden on some other man and make that other man's strength by just so much of less avail to the community as a whole . No man can take the part of any one else

unless he is able to take his own part

nations

of

as

Mem . Ed .,

XX ,

men

.

This is just

as true

of

.

232 ( 1916 )

Pacifists Harbor Many Who Lack

“

Virile Manliness

"

Not the smallest particle

of good has come from the peace years of the last ten as carried on in America . Literally , agitation professional pacifists during these ten years this of the represented has not the smallest advance toward securing the peace propaganda

of righteousness . It has , on the other hand , represented a very considerable and real deterioration in the American character . I do not think it is a permanent

deterioration . I think that we heartily ashamed of our lapse from virile manliness . But there has been a distinct degeneracy in the moral fibre of our people owing to this peace propaganda , a shall

recover

and

become

73

distinct increase in moral flabbiness , and sentimental untruthfulness . Mem . Ed .,

XX ,

a

distinct increase in hysteria

351 , 352 ( 1916 )

Neither Local Crime Nor International Perfidy Can Be Arbitrated No man is required to “ arbitrate ” a slap in the face or an insult to his wife ; no man is expected to “ arbitrate ” with a burglar or a highwayman . If in private life one individual takes action which

an

a

of

,

is

so

or

is

near the wronged man not only justified the assailant thief but fails his duty

New York one policeman not knocking down

in

a

,

and

a

the streets

steals his watch

he

,by

man assaults another

witness and not necessarily in

.

,

essential witness

of

is in

It

merely man For example

if ,

The wronged

or

.

ing

is all .

immediately jeopardizes the life or limb or even the bodily well being and the comfort of another , the wronged party does not have to go into any arbitration with the wrong - doer . On the con trary , the policeman or constable or sheriff immediately and sum marily arrests the wrong - doer. The subsequent trial is not in the nature of arbitration at the nature criminal proceed

.

if

in

by ,

,

is

of

.

to

.

in as

.

-

a

If

does not act policeman near the policeman promptly arrests the wrong doer The magistrate does not arbitrate the question property rights the watch nor anything about the assault He satisfies himself the facts and delivers judgment against the offender

covenant

,

a

.

be

.

to

,

no

if

kept Such

ever arise

)

1915

Of Non

Resistance Against Enemy Worse Than Criminals well have been

a

might just

as

he

Harvard

the press with saying the other day that

wishes the United States would take the position that 74

if

in

is

–

A

Yale professor professor credited he

such questions

-

Advocates

174

(

XX

,

Ed

neither could nor ought

harmless only

.,

Mem

.

will

be

and interest

,

to

all

A

covenant between the United States and any other power including those involving national honor questions arbitrate

attacked

it would not defend itself , and would submit unresistingly to any spoilation . The professor said that this would afford such a beau tiful example to mankind that war would undoubtedly be abol ished . Magazine writers , and writers of syndicate articles pub lished in reputable papers , have recently advocated similar plans .

who talk this way are thoroughly bad citizens . Few mem bers of the criminal class are greater enemies of the Republic . Men

Mem .

Ed ., XX ,

158 , 159 ( 1915 )

Condemning Righteous War Is Like Damning Police War On Crime

To condemn equally

might which backs right and might which

overthrows right is to render positive service to wrong -doers . It is as if in private life we condemned alike both the policeman and the dynamiter or black -hand kidnapper or white -slaver whom he has arrested . To denounce the nation that wages war in self defense , or from a generous desire to relieve the oppressed , in the same terms in which we denounce war waged in a spirit of greed or wanton folly stands on an exact par with denouncing equally a murderer and the policeman who , at peril of his life and by force of arms , arrests the murderer . In each case the de nunciation denotes mind Mem .

and

of

Ed ., XX ,

morals

not loftiness of soul but weakness both of .

191 , 192 ( 1915 )

Pacifism Can Destroy America

If be

.

go

,

if

For democracy will

75

it

if

assuredly down incompatible with national security The .

is

.

blame shown that

it

once

be

primarily

to

,

in

at

all

Every professional pacifist in America , every representative of commercialized greed , every apostle of timidity , every sinister creature who betrays his country by pandering to the anti - American feeling which masquerades under some species of hyphenated Americanism – these men and women and their representatives public life are this moment working against democracy democracy goes down they will the democratic ideal fails

law of self - preservation is the primary law for nations as for in dividuals . If a nation cannot protect itself under a democratic form of government , then it will either die or evolve a new form of government. Mem . Ed .,

XX ,

386 , 387 ( 1916 )

When Tyranny Rules The Debate Over

"

Rights

” Is

Ended For Good

In December last I was asked to address the American Socio logical Congress on " the effect of war and militarism on social values .” In sending my answer I pointed out that infinitely the most important fact to remember in connection with the subject in question is that if an unscrupulous , warlike , and militaristic nation is not held in check by the warlike ability of a neighboring “

of

.

to

,

is

by

”

dealing

with own moral and social won't allowed deal with anything Until thoroughly recognized and the duty national pre

because

this fact

of

be

the

values

well -behaved nation , then the latter will be

and

necessity

it

spared

its

non - militaristic

as

of

,

,

in

;

;

upper

of

servation

of

of

“

as

-

is

of -

,

justice loving nations explicitly acknowledged there paredness solemnly debating such questions very little use the one sociological congress assigned me which which the detail was How war and militarism affect such social values the sense the preciousness human life care for child welfare the con

1916

)

264

(

XX

76

of

;

;

."

rights

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

personal

-

in

-

;

interest

resources

;

class concern for the lot popular education appreciation truth telling and truth printing respect for personality and regard for

the masses

human

VIII AFRICAN SAVAGES 50 TO 100 THOUSAND YEARS BEHIND WHITES IN DEVELOPMENT GREW ONLY UNDER WHITE RULE

NEGRO POPULATION

Some Africans Are

Ape -Like

The dark - skinned races that live in the land vary widely . Some are warlike , cattle - owning nomads ; some till the soil and live in thatched huts shaped like beehives ; some are fisherfolk ; some are ape - like , naked savages , who dwell in the woods and prey on creatures not much wilder or lower than themselves . Mem . Ed .,

Negro

V , XXv , xxvi

And Eskimo

( 1910 )

Savages 50 To 100 Thousand Years Behind

To say that progress goes on and has gone on at unequal different continents , so far as human society is con cerned , is so self - evident as to be trite . Yet , after we hardly laymen visualize even this fact ourselves and we least often ,

,

at all ,

;

to

speed in

as

he

of

is

as

of

or

else frankly forget the further fact that this state equally regards the prehistory ment true mankind and regards the paleontological history great the beasts with which has been associated on the different continents during the last either disregard

by

,

a

In

.

or

history given century two three hundred thousand years may on one continent mean what on another continent was meant a

77

.

in

is

of

as

.

In

a

a

or

century that came thousand thousand years before prehistory and paleontology there the same geo development graphical difference regards the rapidity time years later

The Tasmanians , Bushmen , and Esquimaux of the eigh teenth century had nothing in common with the Europeans of their day . Their kinship , physical and cultural , was with certain

of Palaeolithic Europeans

races

thousand years back

fifty or

and Asiatics

a

hundred

.

its

many

of

,

and

in

,

Europe and Asia the

if

a

in

incalculable

mere moment

,

-

of

period

that

of

.

,

in

speak

meant

we speak historic time but geologic time which witnessed

of as

length

general aspect

reproduces the life that once was Europe what paleontologists call the Pleisto

both the Americas By Pleistocene age cene and

is in

,

most striking details

it

and the Americas . Yet in

in

its

In just the same way the fierce wild life of parts of Africa day to has nothing in common with what we now see in Europe

we

to -

whom were phys

the more advanced races

of

,

abreast

of

as

we can see

of

a

far

,

of

the savages that still exist and some

,

forms ically

as

of

on

-

of

slow change the brute like and but partly human predecessors man into beings who were culturally level with the lower

be

,

of

.

a

scholars gifted with imagination

.

all

to

and vivid interest

intense

it

,

all

of

of

of

is

of

.

of

in

a

this phase

this planet offers

of

the vast epic life development fascinating study The history man himself by far the most absorbing histories and cannot under stood without some knowledge his prehistory Moreover the history the rest the animal world also yields drama ,

Surely

on

.

day

of

-

furtive human life 78

the wilderness

and

at

my life

,

of

on

the banks

the thronging herds

the African

of

watched

.

,

tures and the sly

of

.

over the empty sunlit African wastes

palm and thorn tree

Day after day

one year

,

,

hand

of

camp

by

rifle

I

.

rivers

was my good fortune throughout

in

,

roam

night

to

to

It

-

-

of

-

of

humanity and the history The two histories the prehistory culminating phase the non human mammalian life were inter woven during the dim ages when man was slowly groping upward from the bestial to the half divine

wild crea Often and

often , as I so watched , my thoughts went back through measure less time

to the

ages

when the western lands where my people now

dwell , and the northern lands of the eastern world where their re mote forefathers once dwelt , were filled with just such a wild life .

In those days these far -back ancestors of ours led the same lives of suspicion and vigilant cunning among the beasts of the forest and plain that are now led by the wildest African savages . In that immemorial past the beasts conditioned the lives of men , as they conditioned the lives of one another ; for the chief factors in man's existence were then the living things upon which he preyed and the

which sometimes made prey of him . Ages were before his mastery grew to such a point that the fanged things he once had feared , and the hoofed things success in the

fearsome

creatures

to pass

of which

chase

had once meant to him life or death , became

gible factors in his existence

of

Some

.

the naked

or half skin -clad

and with whom I hunted were still leading these ages -dead forebears of ours . Ed .,

Mem .

IV ,

negli

whom I met

savages

precisely

the life

of

138 , 139 , 140 ( 1916 ) .

African Negroes Are Child - Like And Despise Any Weakness

is

,

to

in

to

he

if

is a

I

.

,

a

,

to

,

;

,

in

,

all

Safari life is very pleasant , and also very picturesque . The porters are strong , patient , good - humored savages , with something childlike about them that makes one really fond of them . Of savages and most children they have their limita course , like dealing with them firmness tions and even more necessary poor creature who does not treat than kindness but the man them with kindness also and am rather sorry for him does not grow feel for them and make them return feel for gusts of passion him real and friendly liking They are subject

and they work hard 79

if

amusing

,

cheerful are always

;

.

,

at

,

;

of

grave misdeeds and short and they are now and then guilty comings sometimes for no conceivable reason least from the white man's standpoint But they are generally cheerfui and when the white

man is able to combine tact and consideration with that insistence on the performance of duty the lack of which they despise as weakness Mem .

Ed .,

.

V ,> 81

( 1910 )

African Population Flourishes Under White Dominion There is one feature in the expansion of the peoples of white , or European , blood during the past four centuries which should never be lost sight of , especially by those who denounce such expansion on moral grounds . On the whole , the movement has been fraught with lasting benefit to most

of

the peoples already

dwelling in the lands over which the expansion took place . Of course any such general statement as this must be understood with , no the necessary reservations. Human nature being what it is >

move

for four centuries and extending in one shape or another over the major part of the world could go on without cruel injustices being done at certain places and in certain times . ment

lasting

Occasionally , although not very frequently , a mild and kindly race has been treated with wanton , brutal , and ruthless inhumanity by the white intruders . Moreover , mere savages , whose type of life was so primitive as to be absolutely incompatible with the existence of civilization , inevitably died out from the regions across which their sparse bands occasionally flitted , when these regions became filled

they died out when they were kindly treated as quickly as when they were badly treated , for the simple reason that they were so little advanced that the conditions of life necessary to their existence were incompatible with any form of with

a dense

population

;

higher and better existence

.

It

is also true that

,

even where great

good has been done to the already existing inhabitants , where they have thriven under the new rule , it has sometimes brought with it discontent from the very fact that it has brought with it a certain amount

of well-being

and a certain amount

of knowledge ,

so that people have learned enough to feel discontented and have prospered

enough to be able to show their discontent . Such ingra 80

it

a

of

As

result

a

of

Europe over hundred European blood and many millions in

of

;

as

of

of

of

people wholly million European blood and more partly another result there are now on the whole more people native blood the regions where these hundred million intruders dwell than there were when

1909

).

;

as

brother the zebra was

taming

its

as

readily tamed

susceptible

as

buffalo

of

The African

Tamable African Animals as

Did Not Domesticate

Negroes

is

342

(

341

,

XVIII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

f

.

the intruders went thither

Asiatic

the early wild

.

of

all

to

;

is

of

probably big ruminants the one the eland that most readily lends itself domestication But none them horse and ass

were tamed until tribes owning animals which had been tamed for

,

,

of

,

of

-

of

,

,

go

to

for ages through the

tame beast

.

a

a

than

wild into

again

1916

Australian Aborigines

).

157

is

it

to

changing

A

156

,

IV ,

.

Ed

deal with animals already accustomed

domestic servitude

labor incident Mem

;

.

the yoke

to of

to

more convenient

(

whites

,

are

in

Asia

Africa and then the already tamed animals were their stead The asses cattle sheep and goats now the domestic animals the negroes and the profitable merely Africa because easier more and in

accepted

in

ages appeared

.,

Low Racial Type

.

,

Australia which was much less important than America was also won and settled with far less difficulty The natives ,

1

f

this expansion there now live outside

,

.

,

is

-

in

the countries where the expansion has taken place

.

of

of

of

,

On the whole and speaking generally one extraordinary this expansion the European races that with has population and well being among the natives increase

an

fact gone

in

its

; but it is also , any both unwarranted and foolish and the fact of existence given case does not justify any change attitude our part

of

S

titude is natural , and must be reckoned with as such

on

e

81

15

)

Of Early Man

Eurasia

or

in

had died out

,

types

all

,

America

at

to

A

Backward Vestige

probable that before man came

is

It

,

Negroes Australoids

the earlier

.

1889

(

X ,

.,

Ed

.

Mem

14 ,

an

of

all ,

were so few in number and of such a low type , that they practi cally offered no resistance at being but little more hindrance equal number ferocious beasts than

had been absorbed , ,

-

of

,

,

,

or

and developed else had been thrust southward into Africa Tasmania Australia and remote forest tracts Indo Malaysia being such backward savages they never developed thing remotely resembling civilization .

a

1916

).

176

(

IV ,

Ed

.,

.

Mem

any

,

,

where

white man's country and the right type can undoubtedly the country well them

of

as

-

to

although planters and merchants do well there the advantage

as

this kind

;

of

Uganda can never

of of

be

African Negro Religions Bestial With No Ethical Basis

must remain essentially black man's country and the chief task the officials the intrusive and masterful race must bring forward the natives help train them and above they industry may them train themselves that advance morality capacity for self government for learning ,

is in

it

-

,

in

;

to

,

-

-g

the gift

of

to

all

of

overnment

,

people self

so a

giving

in

,

“

talk

”

in

of

idle

to

,

,

be

to

of

a

-it

selves

the all

;

,

,

a

,

,

,

-

to

,

-

is

to

is

the

be

,

when

is

lacking inward spirit mere folly patiently help people acquire that can done the neces sary qualities social moral intellectual industrial and lastly political and meanwhile exercise for their benefit with jus forms

as

82

,

a

of

, ,

in

.

,

,

as

sympathy and firmness the governing ability which yet they themselves lack The widely spread rule strong European race lands like Africa gives one incident thereof the chance

tice

for nascent cultures , nascent semicivilizations , to develop without fear of being overwhelmed in the surrounding gulfs of savagery ; and this aside from the direct stimulus to development conferred by the consciously and unconsciously exercised influence of the

white man , wherein there is much of evil , but much more of ultimate good . In any region of wide - spread savagery , the chances for the growth of each self -produced civilization are necessarily small

,

because each little center

exposed savagery

;

of effort toward this

end is always

to destruction from the neighboring masses of pure and therefore progress is often immensely accelerated

by outside invasion and control . In Africa the control and guidance is needed as much in the things of the spirit as in the things of the body . Those who complain of or rail at missionary work in Africa , and who confine themselves to pointing out the undoubtedly too numerous errors of the missionaries and shortcomings of their least dispelled

a

has

at

but feeble and gray

it

is

in

been

let

flocks , would do well to consider that even if the light which has worse

-

as

,

-

of

.

As

than Stygian darkness soon native African religions prac tically none which have hitherto evolved any substantial ethical beyond d evelop basis the most primitive stage they tend notably ,

to

its a

underlying foundation

of

creed

.

an ,

a

,

:

the government

Compared

to African

farms was being run by

an

One

advance on such

1909

Enjoy Advantages

of

Negroes

363

immeasurable

justice

).

,

362

(

,

V ,

.,

.

S.

U.

Ed

with

a

in

understood Christianity and mercy represents Mem

of

grow into malign creeds middle and western Africa cruelty and immorality with bestial and revolting poorly taught and imperfectly ritual and ceremonial Even unspeakable

educated

a

impressed

who must necessarily 83

in

with the immense advance with the native negro and think much

of

compared

;

as

American

,

an

deed

to

these men represented

be

.

tor No one could fail

to

a

as

;

colored man from Jamaica and we were shown much courtesy by colored man from our own country who was practising doc

the

race problem at home , it is pleasant to be made to realize in vivid fashion the progress the American negro has made , by comparing

him with the negro who dwells in Africa untouched , or but lightly touched , by white influence . Mem .

Ed ., V ,

10 ( 1909 ) .

Indiscriminate Cannibalism In Congo Free State One of the public officials whom I met at the governor's table was Major Hinde . He had at one time served under the gov

of

ernment

of

the State

per hand

,

the Congo Free State

;

and

,

at a crisis in the fortunes

when the Arab slave - traders bade fair to get the

,

he was one

of

up

the eight or ten white men , representing

half as many distinct nationalities , who overthrew the savage sol diery of the slave-traders and shattered beyond recovery the Arab the wild pagan tribes just as their Arab they fought foes had done in a land where deadly sickness struck vanquished down victor and with ruthless impartiality ; they

power . They organized ;

found their commissariat as best they could wherever they hap pened to be ; often they depended upon one day's victory to fur ammunition with which to wage the morrow's battle ; and ever they had to be on guard no less against the thousands of cannibals in their own ranks than against the thousands of cannibals in the hostile ranks , for , on whichever side they nish

the

fought, after every battle the warriors of the

man - eating

tribes

watched their chance to butcher the wounded indiscriminately and to feast on the bodies of the slain . Mem .

Ed ., VII ,

( 1909 )

White Rule Leads African Blacks Out

Of Savagery

There have been very dark spots in the European conquest and control

of Africa ; but on

the whole the African regions which 84

during the past century have seen the greatest cruelty , degradation , and suffering, the greatest diminution of population , are those where native control has been unchecked . The advance has been that have been under European control or

the regions

made in

influence ; that have been profoundly

ministrators ,

influenced by European ad European and American missionaries . Of

by

and

of

high civilization

assimilate and profit

to

its

,

of

,

in

the prerequisite

cases

condi

of

very large number

all

is

of

;

of

a

in

,

defects

is

to

,

or

to

American European ideas the ideas civilization and Christianity with spite out submitting alien control but such control a

own

by

its

course the best that can happen to any people that has not already

exploit the natives moral well being should

merely

,

made use

to

of

;

where without regard

is

brutally

to it

.

is

in

the moral and material advance the peoples who dwell the darker corners of the earth Where the control exercised

tion

on be

;

it

-

of

to

wrong doing

on

.

,

,

be

or

their physical unsparingly criticised and there should resolute insistence amendment and reform But we must not because occasional -

,

blind ourselves the fact that the whole the administrator and the Christian missionary have exercised profound and wholesome influence for good savage regions Ed

XVIII

.

in

1909

).

344

(

,

.,

Mem

.

a

white

Revolution Impelled Haitian Negroes Into Savagery

At

,

in

of

,

is

is

this moment Haiti more backward than any other West average negro Indian island her citizen less well off than the corresponding negro any the other islands and the general

for

its

curse

,

success was

a

nevertheless

its

century

,

teenth

;

at

of

.

of

a

of

;

all

is

in

any condition worse and contains less promise than other island and because the other islands have been through process evolution instead revolution There was ample moral warrant for the Haitian revolution the end the eigh social

suc

a

85

in

,

to

,

,

;

to

,

cess with the dreadful accompanying atrocities put off the day when emancipation came the other islands and moreover short time emancipation would have inevitably come Haiti

.

1910

Body And Mind

,

(

and possibly here and may there remain white states

the Zambezi

it )

south

there on high plateaus north

of

Africa

of

In

-

Blacks And Half Caste Are Negroid

In

,

.,

190

)

XIV

Ed

.

Mem

(

fit

anyhow , with comparatively little shock and dislocation ; and then there would have been left in the island , as in the other islands , an element naturally for uplifting leadership

built

in

;

does not seem possible that any white state can

Doubtless for many centuries

European adven

turers and Arab raiders will rule over huge territories

in

,

.up

ever

be

Africa generally

it

,

to

a

although even these states will surely contain large colored popu tropical swamp the whites but lation always threatening

coun

the

,

of

of

of

by

be

by

,

of

of ,

,

of

try south Capricorn the Soudan and north the tropic and the whole structure not only social but physical the negro profoundly changed and the negroid peoples will their

.

in

anything but negroid

type

of

,

of

be

to

will

240

1894

).

,

239

, (

XIV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

ever ultimately changed body and mind

,

is

it

of

-

influence and the influence the half caste descendants European these and Asiatic soldiers fortune and industry But hardly possible conceive that the peoples Africa how

-

Self Government Impossible For Tribal Savages a

in

86

overnment

.

it

.

to -

of

a

obtain self

,

give him the chance

-g

.

for himself You can

to

-

to

-

to

. I

to

to

-

to

give such and such Now and then we hear the appeal government worthy nation self have had some friends Boston appeal give self government me number individuals who regard themselves overdressed when they wear breech clouts anybody He has got You cannot give self government earn

but he himself out govern

must

his own heart must do the governing

himself . That is what it means

.

.

He

That is what self

And now , as our people assume control more and more of the machinery of government , as their part in the government occasionally or rapidly becomes more direct , as their representatives become more intelligently their representatives it .

behooves them to remember and

its

interest

of

,

needs

in the experiment ,

its

ever succeeded

that only the exceptional people have

of

self - government , because

its

means

successful working imply the existence

be

1911

).

548

(

XV

,

Ed

.,

.

Mem

87

,

,

.

.

-

the

-

if

is

.

,

qualities

heart

be

the

be

citizen certain very high mastery There must control There must some where and there no self control and self mastery the control imposed from without and the mastery will ultimately within

average

of

government

of

IX WHITES MOST SUITABLE TO BUILD CIVILIZATION IN WORLD TEMPERATE ZONES

NEW

NEGRO FREEDOM GAINED BY SHEDDING

WIDELY DISSIMILAR

OF WHITE BLOOD

RACES SHOULD NOT

MIX

RACIAL DIFFERENCES THE MAJOR FACTOR

For

New World A Heritage

White Civilization

it

its

Nineteenth - century democracy needs no more complete vindication for existence than the fact that has kept for the

.

America and Australia

temperate

surface

,

'

the new worlds

Had these regions been under aristocratic by

a

,

,

our Southern

words

that

the new

.

As

a

has kept the temperate zones heritage for the white people

a

the future owes

democratic policy which and the newest worlds

trans

to

expressed

of

of

The whole civilization

greater than can

in

gratitude

a

in

of

.

.

of

debt

the negro

legacy from the time when we were ruled by

aristocracy

oceanic

The presence

alien

be

is a

States

,

of

the dangerous

necessity

;

to

,

holding oligarchy and the result would

in

-

is

the slave trade

encouraged

of

immigration would have been encouraged

Chinese

any slave few generations have been even more fatal the white race but the democracy with the clear instinct race selfishness saw the race foe and kept out as

precisely

,

governments

of

white race the best portions

seriously

1894

88

al

menaced

,

is

for the latter can

protective tariffs and stringent

).

246

(

245

,

XIV

,

Ed

.,

.

Mem

he

soon

as

,

his own home

.

,

,

in

the white laborer protect ways himself and always will protect himself migration laws status

by as

of

do .

;

of

,

for the industrial competition the Chinaman and the Hindoo may drive certain kinds white traders from the tropics they They can never change the but more than this cannot

im

Negro

Gained Through Shedding Of Whites Blood

Freedom

The liberty secured in the Civil War to the black man was thus secured only because the white man was willing to fight to the death for the Union , and for the flag to which we owe un allegiance

divided

Mem .

Ed ., XXI ,

.

187 ( 1917 ) .

Slavery is Better Than Savage Anarchy

Sometimes

In 1833 the abolition societies of the North came into prominence ; they had been started a couple of years previously .

it

to

by

.

in in a in

its

Black slavery was such a grossly anachronistic and un American form of evil , that it is difficult to discuss calmly the efforts to abolish it , and to remember that many of these efforts were calculated to do , and actually did , more harm than good . We are also very apt to forget that it was perfectly possible and reasonable for enlightened and virtuous men , who fully recognized having it as an evil , yet to prefer continuance interfered produce way with that would even worse results Black slavery

at

,

;

to

it

be

,

so to it

-

-

its

in

her benefit the end have had slavery continue longer ultimate extinction being certain rather

-

century

or

a

been greatly

of

Haiti was characterized worse abuse than ever was the United States yet looking the condition that questioned whether may well republic now would not have the case

is

1887

Mass Oriental Immigration Would Be

A

)

(

118

deal

.

be

is

117

,

VIII

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

it

,

it

possible way size exists often the case that there fraught ing with that will not itself with baleful results

of

no

.

,

as

to

than have had her attain freedom she actually did with the results that have flowed from her action When an evil of colossal

Calamity of

89

,

,

,

is

If

there one question upon which the philanthropists the present day especially the more emotional ones are agreed

it is that any law restricting Chinese immigration is an outrage ; yet it seems incredible that any man of even moderate intelligence should not see that no greater calamity could now befall the to have the Pacific slope fill up with

United States than golian population . Ed ., VIII ,

Mem .

a

Mon

118 ( 1887 )

Widely Different Peoples Should

Not

Be Mixed

out of hand , the peoples represent of two such lines of divergent cultural development would be fraught with peril ; and this , I repeat , be cause the two are different , not because either is inferior to the An effort to mix together

,

ing the culminating points

other . Wise statesmen , looking to the future , will for the present endeavor to keep the two nations from mass contact and inter mingling , precisely because they wish to keep each in relations of permanent good will and friendship with the other . ( U.S. and Japan T.

]

R. Autobiography

–

Scribner

pp . 381 , 382

Mem . Ed .

XXII

, 433 , 434 ( 1909 )

Conquest By Inferior Barbarian Races Brings Sheer Evil Nothing but sheer evil has come from the victories of Turk and Tartar . This is true generally of the victories of barbarians of low racial characteristics over gentler , more moral , and more re fined peoples , even though these people have , to their shame and

of

savage

in

of

submersion

the armed settlement

it

and barbaric strange lands

90

.

,

an

of

in

of

the races who hold their hands the fate the years Every displacement inferior race every such

such submersion

or

of

as a

been for the displacement peoples consequence

or

all ,

discredit , lost the vigorous fighting virtues . Yet it remains no less true that the world would probably have gone forward very little , indeed would probably not have gone forward at had not

or conquest by a superior race , means the inflic tion and suffering of hideous woe and misery . It is a sad and dread ful thing that there should be of necessity such throes of agony ; and yet they are the birth - pangs of a new and vigorous people . That they are in truth birth - pangs does not lessen the grim and armed settlement

of the race supplanted ; of the race outworn or over wrongs The done and suffered cannot be blinked . Neither

hopeless woe

thrown . can they be allowed to hide the results to mankind of what has been achieved Ed ., XI ,

Mem .

.

389 , 390 ( 1889 )

Masterful White Texans Supplanted A Weaker Race

Any

one who has ever been on the frontier , and who knows

anything whatever of the domineering , masterful spirit and bitter race prejudices of the white frontiersmen , will acknowledge at question long once that it was out of the that the Texans should continue under Mexican rule

;

and it would have been

a

great

mis

if

they had . It was out of the question to expect them to submit to the mastery of the weaker race , which they were sup planting . Whatever might be the pretexts alleged for revolt , the

fortune

real reasons were to be found in the deeply

marked difference of unfitness of the Mexicans then to govern

race , and in the absolute

themselves Mem .

,

to say nothing of governing others

Ed ., VIII ,

131 ( 1887 )

Need To Practice Elemental Law

Thrift

.

Of Racial

Well - Being

and hard work will avail no more than

a

cultivated

if there is wilful sterility in mar forget if men and women the great primal and elemental law of racial well - being , and this whether the fault be due to vice in taste and an amiable philanthropy

its

riage ,

to

or

,

risk

91

to

to

,

forms

or

timidity and unwillingness run cold and selfish shrinking from the trouble and labor

crude and repulsive

which living .

are inseparable

Mem . Ed .,

XIX ,

from

every kind of life that is really worth

149 ( 1911 ).

Major Racial Differences Out Weigh Other National Factors National unity is far more apt than race unity to be a fact to reckon with ; until indeed we come to race differences as funda mental as those which divide from one another the half - dozen divisions of mankind , when they become so impor tant that differences of nationality , speech , and creed sink into great ethnic littleness

Mem . Ed .,

XIV ,

84 , ( 1910 )

92

X

MISCELLANY SNEERING INTELLECTUALS ARE WEAKLINGS MUST BE EARNED

TRUE FREEDOM

CHEAP JOURNALISM SPREADS CORRUPTION ONE MAN , ONE VOTE

- A DECEPTIVE VALUE

AFFLUENCE MINUS SPIRITUAL VALUES IS CORROSIVE Real

Conservatives

Are Progressive - Radicals Are Wreckers

not in the least afraid of the word

We are

there is any reason

conservative

“

,”

we are not only

wherever for caution content but desirous to make progress slowly and in

and

,

,

a

cautious ,

conservative manner . Moreover ultraradicalism may be as hostile to real progress now as it was in Lincoln's day . Lincoln was a ,

compared to Buchanan

radical

tive compared

to

John Brown

and Fillmore

;

and Wendell

Phillips

he was a conserva ;

and he was

in both positions . The men and forces whom and which he

right

had to overcome

were those behind Buchanan

and Fillmore

;

to

them was vital to the nation ; and they would never have

overcome

1911

,

be to

to

of

leisure

himself and outgrown emotions and one

.

whom good and evil are 93

lettered

pose

as

the man who has

to

,

,

the man

as

beliefs

,

as

the cynic

to

of

that queer and cheap temptation

others

able

national scale

Sneering Intellectuals Are Unhealthy Beings Let the man of learning the man ware

better

).

,

XIX

81 (

Ed

.,

.

Mem

infinitely

to

and therefore

.

,

wiser and saner

accomplish practical results

a

was

on

overcome

far

under the leadership of men like Brown and Phillips . Lincoln was to the full as conscientious as the extremists who regarded him as an opportunist and a compromiser ; and he been

The poorest

way to face life is to face it with a sneer . There are many men who feel a kind of twisted pride in cynicism ; there are many who con

is

that

that noble effort

in

in

A

.

to

an to

all

–

these are

superiority

,

of

contact with life's realities

the possessor would fain think

,

as

,

intellectual aloofness but

353

1910

).

XV

,

.,

Ed

.

Mem

(

.

,

marks not of weakness

perform

,

the critic himself never tries

which will not accept

a

to

,

,

it

,

sneering disbelief toward

achievement

cynical fails comes second achievement thought and speech readiness criticise work which

even

of

habit

if ,

which

whether

or

of

feigns to hold , an attitude great and lofty

all

fine themselves to criticism of the way others do what they them selves dare not even attempt . There is no more unhealthy being , no man less worthy of respect , than he who either really holds , or

common

sense

the power

of

,

self mastery -

-

,

Self restraint

,

-

No Freedom Without Responsibility and Self Control

-

it

)

1915

and

all

theology

the more dangerous

there

is

much

as

as

science quite is

superstition

it in

Kidnapped By Materialists

,

in

There superstition

is

Science

Is

,

"

The Term

174

"

XX

(

.

.

no

,

Ed

.,

,

or a

.

Mem

in

of

conjunction accepting individual responsibility and yet acting with others courage and resolution these are the qualities which people can control mark masterful people Without them being self save itself from controlled from the outside

because

materialism

as it .

survived into nineteenth ,

much more intolerant

much

in

,

in

is

morality that fine the spiritual civilization itself than that hard dogmatic ,

in

indeed

even

could

to -

and

all

destructive

of

sense

,

more

of

century Spain and Naples

be

mediaeval superstition

,

ness

,

of

all

it

those suffering from are profoundly convinced that they are freeing themselves from superstition No grotesque repulsive

day which often not merely calls itself scientific

94

but arrogates to itself the sole right to use the term . If these pre tensions affected only scientific men themselves , it would be a matter of small moment , but unfortunately they tend gradually to affect the whole people , and to establish a very dangerous dard of private and public conduct in the public mind . Mem . Ed .,

XIV ,

stan

418 ( 1911 ) .

Lofty Principles Prematurely Applied all

Can Bring

Ruin

or

of

,

if

,

,

-

of

,

of

in

,

it

,

and they servility

a

If

.

less than

by

only for nations that deserve

licentiousness

no

is

by

it

right

to

all

Free government lose

it ;

Only For Those Who Deserve

It

)

,

1900

,

Freedom

426,427

Is

,

Mem.Ed. XIII

(

.

of

at

,

no

a

,

if

;

a

of

of

-s

of

,

it

.

all

in

a

,

of

if

of

,

,

,

in

it

as

,

of

point this was most excellent moral purpose would have been absolutely right from the abstract ethical standpoint the Constitution 1789 the Republi can Convention 1860 had declared for the abolition slavery the States Of course the Constitution had made such declaration would never have been adopted and the English peaking people North America would have plunged anarchy like that into condition the after time South American republics while the Republican platform 1860 position Lincoln would not have been elected had taken such war for the Union would have been waged and instead slavery being abolished would have been perpetuated least one the confederacies into which the country would split have been Now

just

its

,

,

of

,

to

of

,

of

of

its

95

to

-

to

.

of

on

a

of

it

to

or

-

,

to its

its

,

makes comparatively little difference nation cannot govern itself inability springs whether from slavish and craven distrust citizens the part from sheer incapacity own powers exercise self control and act together Self governing freemen accept necessary compromises must have the power make prejudice and necessary concessions each sacrificing somewhat principle and every group must show the necessary sub even particular interests ordination the interests the com

as a whole . When the people will not or cannot work to when they permit groups of extremists to decline to accept anything that does not coincide with their own extreme views ; or power slip from their hands through sheer supine when they indifference then they have themselves chiefly blame the power grasped by stronger hands Yet while keeping this forgotten that great and patriotic leader mind must not may the people have any capacity for self government whatever help them upward along their hard path by his wise leadership his wise yielding even what does not like and his wise refusal consider his own selfish interests

munity

gether

if

all

,

.

,

)

In

in

to

I

,

I

I

,

a

I

In

.

or or

-

a

in

other words feel that the yellow magazine makes a

,

is

to

a

a

Politics

but not want let windows are bolted am per windows but would not in

in

to

If

.

-

I

light and air sewer gas room fetid and the fectly contented knock out the knock hole into the drain pipe yellow newspaper man who want

Evil do

linging Both Equally

Mud

-S

-

White Wash

1900

let

,

424

(

XIII

Or

.,

Mem

.

to

to

he

,

-

a

be

,

,

if

.

Ed

it

in

is

;

to

let

;

to

it

or

of

,

-s

of

1906

)

14 (

XXIV

,

Ed

.,

Mem

.

.

in

no

as

of

as

.

I

of

in

to

a

,

or

us

of

of

is

ferocious attack on good men even attacks bad men with potent enemy for things they have not done good faith expose bad those who are really striving disapprove men and drive them from power the whitewash brush quite much mud linging and seems me that way implies approval shape the disapproval one the other exaggeration

Sensational Newspaper Exaggeration Promotes Corruption Vice

...

And

96

as

to

,

,

of

,

of of

of

in

as

our newspapers including those who professedly stand representatives the highest culture the community have making such constant and reckless assaults been the habit upon the characters greatly even very good public men

detract from their influence when they bad . They paint every one with whom

attack one who is really they disagree black . As

a consequence the average man , who knows they are partly wrong , thinks they may also be partly right ; he concludes that no man is

absolutely white , and at he is painted ; and takes

.

an

to

to

.

a

or

against

of

;

as

politicians

alike are gray effort either

rouse him make scoundrel Nothing helps dishonest much this feeling and among the chief instru production we must number certain our news

good man

a

for

its as

It

then becomes impossible

all

the same time that no one is as black as refuge in the belief that

on

“

to

is at

to

all

the

.”

of

to

,

in

the whole the most potent the city

work

1885

)

92 (

,

.,

.

XV

Ed

91 ,

at

,

and private vice and are forces for evil which are Mem

of

,

as

in

New York there small need charac public corruption very great promotive on

;

the largest circulation terize them they form

a

"

,

.

As

in

in

ments papers who are loudest asserting that they stand the highest frankly moral plane for the other newspapers those sen present claim sational character such the two which have

-

Patronage Corrupts Political Parties Creates Bossism

in

,

in

.

it

-

as

.

a

of

of

of

to

– It

party helps the bosses does not really help control the machinery the party 1912 was but true does not help the party the Republican party On the average the most sweeping party victories our history Patronage

get

in

to

,

of

is

.

have been won when the patronage was against the victors All help the worst element that the patronage does the party retain control the party organization

132

The

Vote

1913

.)

158

Is

,

Mem.Ed. XXII

(

.p

-

T.R. Autobiography Scribner

Useless

For

Those

Who

Are Not Fit For

Self

the vote will

no

its

97

:

depends upon the char

of

the user

rifle

usefulness The mere possession a

is

like .

acter

vote

of

A

Government

more

benefit men and women not sufficiently developed to use it than the possession of rifles will turn untrained Egyptian fellaheen into and no more true . soldiers . This is as true of woman as of man Universal suffrage

in Haiti has not made the Haitians able to govern themselves in any true sense ; and woman suffrage in Utah in no shape or way affected the problem of polygamy . T.R. Autobiography - Scribner

p . 163

Mem . Ed .

XXII ,

196 ( 1913 ) .

Achievement Is More Important Than Political Titles As so often , I found that the titular position was of no con ; what counted was the combination of the opportunity with the ability to accomplish results. The achievement was the important thing the position whether titularly high low consequence only widened the chance for far was

,

or

it

as

.

achievement

so

in

of

,

;

all -

sequence

96 1884

High Sounding Phrases

aa

104

.)

,

Mem.Ed. XXII

(

.p

-

T.R. Autobiobraphy Scribner

Cover For The Slothful Weakling

of

,

to

to

it

.

,

to

-

no

as is

to

of

to

by

of

to

,

of

an

to

on ,

by -

,

or

are

of

learning well meaning people utterly incapable incapable history utterly any lesson taught understand even ing aright what has gone before their very eyes during the past year two who nevertheless wish turn this country into Occidental China the kind China which every intelligent seeking Chinaman the present day abolish There are plenty politicians their well meaning who find means profit pander the desire common most men live softly

There

,

in

,

-

in

.

,

and easily and avoid risk and effort Timid and lazy men men money getting men absorbed absorbed ease and luxury and

-

to

all

soft and slothful people naturally hail with delight anybody who will give them high sounding names behind which cloak 98

to

;

in

-

a

of

all

their unwillingness to run risks or to toil and endure . Emotional philanthropists to whom thinking is a distasteful form of mental exercise enthusiastically champion this attitude . The faults of highly non militaristic and unwarlike these men and women are type and naturally they feel great satisfaction condemning mis

lofty

a

anything with

of

favor

demand

ever made upon them

to

,

to

no

provided

name

in

.

to

pass resolutions always that

to

delighted

of

an

are

is

which

to

wholly

be

incident lives that they would themselves unable lead without amount toil and effort that they are wholly unwilling undergo These men and women are deeds

268

is

good purpose

.

to

of

of

the downright iniquities strength them elements

1916

)

267

,

,

XX

(

,

be

at

if

;

,

.,

.

Ed

in

formed the men who are guilty life for the latter least have guided aright could which used

Mem

It

a

by

of is in

do

.

to

in

to

pay with their bodies even the smallest degree order questionable whether give effect these lofty sentiments the long run they not form less desirable national type than

Is

Virtue Plus Efficiency

Necessary

For Good Government

,

on

to

of

, to

the one thing

virtue

cannot

is

and

result

if

,

bad men the

con

happy

.

men

be

inefficient

to

left solely

,

solely

to

fined

efficiency

is

If

.

is

course

re is,

which corrupt machine politicians most desire have decent men frown the activity that on the efficiency the honest man who genuinely wishes form politics

Of

-

T.R. Autobiography Scribner 107

1913

).

106

,

XXII

,

Mem.Ed.

(

p.87

Slanted Journalism Degrades Public Life

99

to

as

often turn

to be

because

sometimes

the special interests and quite capitalize sensationalism and ,

they are controlled cause they are seeking

to

by

,

Many newspapers and many magazines

by

practised

at

difference

because the writer

by

indirectly

or

directly

makes

falsehood

of

the cost

not the slightest

is

It

.

of

this form

whether

is

of

hysterical mendacity

reckless sensational and reputable public servants

or

to

all

commercial advantage the literature of exposure , have done , and are doing , they can practising every species degrade public life

plane

as

a

in

,

upon con

outrages as

to

a

perpetrate

the

particu

what

stands the eighth

low

ethical

commandment and

The Idle Poor

118

1911

And

The Idle Rich Are Unfit Citizens

The man who receives what

he has

not earned and does not he

,

.,

XIX

).

Ed

.

Mem

(

.

man

as

on

his neighbor

an

in

assails The infamy lies the deed the ninth commandment and bears

who violates steals from that neighbor the

or

,

he

of

.

against

crude fanatic who

makes little difference

public servant class itself The man who violates witness

to

willing

.

,

sour envy

is

,

finally

it

conscience

and

lar

;

science

,

name

is

it

by

;

of

vated man actuated

false

by

,

or

,

is

he

,

some special interest whether merely recklessly bent upon gaining money notoriety sensational slander makes no difference whether he culti hired

on

is

he

in

in

on

to

a

be

,

he

in

he

a

of or

100

a

be

a

1911

).

141

he

,

a

.

XIX

(

.,

tramp

,

Ed

a

Mem

.

aire

or

in

of

.

its

in

is

,

is

what

of

form

,

what nature the plunder the industrious Effortless ease ignobly en joyed and the avoidance serious work render man equally citizenship republic unfit for whether multimillion some

still worse

on

charity

or ,

of

,

;

to

he

or be

;

a

he

in

of

place

,

of

is

,

,

the man who does not render service

in

full for all that community equally has out democratic and place whether out man living idle luxury millions ways that repre which has not earned which has won sent no service the State whether man living idle squalid sloth content poverty enjoying the luxury exist

earn

Weak Public Servants Cloak Base Actions With Fancy Talk This combination of mean timidity and mean commercial opportunism is peculiarly odious because those practising it have sought to hide it by profuse outbursts of wordy sentimentality and loud professions

of attachment

to impossible

and undesirable

ideals . One of the besetting sins of many of our public servants ( and of not a few of our professional moralists , lay and clerical ) is to cloak weakness or baseness of action behind insincere oratory on behalf of impractical ideals . The true servant of the people is the man who preaches realizable ideals , and who then practises what he has preached .

.

Mem

Ed ., XX ,

237 ( 1916 )

Vapory Long Range Aims

Harm

Needed Immediate Cures

The important thing is generally the next step . We ought not to take it unless we are sure that it is advisable ; but we should not hesitate to take it when once we are sure ; and we can safely join with others who also wish to take it , without bothering our as to any somewhat fantastic theories that may have concerning, say , the two hundredth step , which is not yet in sight .

heads overmuch

Mem .

Ed ., XVIII ,

565 ( 1909 )

Material Prosperity Is No Substitute For Spiritual Values

us

The most perfect inachinery of government will not keep as a nation from destruction iſ there is not within us a soul. No

our people an inner life which finds out morality not very widely different from that

a

by

in

ward expression preached the seers

1917

)

133

(

132

,

XXI

,

Ed

.,

.

Mem

101

.

Judea when the grandeur glory that was Greece and the that was Rome still lay the future in

and prophets

of

us unless there be in

its

abounding material prosperity shall avail us if our spiritual senses atrophy . The foes of our own household shall surely prevail against

1

-

Additonal copies of Theodore Roosevelt on Race Reds may be obtained from your Riots Crime ,

P.O. Box

111

Probe Research

.

checks payable

to

Make

all

book dealer or from Probe Research , Inc. West Sayville , New York , 11796 .

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to

)

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(

at

Harvard Economic Deception Political Credo Dobbs completely revised and updated issued

-

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Z.

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