The Typology of the Early Codex [Reprint 2016 ed.] 9781512807868

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THE TYPOLOGY O F THE EARLY CODEX

T h e E i g h t e e n t h P u b l i c a t i o n in t h e H a n e y Foundation Series U n i v e r s i t y of P e n n s y l v a n i a

THE TYPOLOGY OF THE EARLY CODEX ERIC G. TURNER

® University of Pennsylvania Press 1977

C o p y r i g h t © 1977 b y T h e U n i v e r s i t y of P e n n s y l v a n i a P r e s s . I n c . All r i g h t s r e s e r v e d L i b r a r y of C o n g r e s s C a t a l o g C a r d N u m b e r : 7 5 - 1 0 1 2 5 I S B N : 0-8122-7696-5 P r i n t e d in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of A m e r i c a P u b l i c a t i o n of t h i s b o o k w a s m a d e p o s s i b l e by a g r a n t f r o m t h e H a n e > F o u n d a t i o n of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of P e n n s y l v a n i a

Contents

List of Books and Abbreviations Illustrations Preface Chapter 1 Towards a Typology of the Codex Chapter 2 The Dimensions of Papyrus and Parchment Codices Table 1: Papyrus Codices Grouped by Dimensions Table 2: Parchment Codices Classified by Dimensions Appendix: Note on the evidence of Latin codices written on parchment Chapter 3 The Priority of Parchment or Papyrus? Table 3: Papyrus Codices Written in Two Columns Table 4: Summary Table of Totals (by centuries) of Papyrus Codices Table 5: Detailed List of Early Parchment Codices Appendix: The date of the Berlin Cretans Chapter 4 Manufacture and Size Chapter 5 How a Codex Was Made Up Table 6: List of Single-Quire Codices Table 7: List of "Uniones" Table 8: List of "Terniones" Table 9: List of "Quaterniones" Table 10: List of "Quiniones" Table 11: Alternation of Fiber Direction in the Gatherings of Papyrus Codices Chapter 6 The Codex and the Scribe Table 12: Contents of Bodmer Composite Codex (Codices) Chapter 7 The Form and Date of the Earliest Codices Table 13: Inventory of Papyrus and Parchment Codices Dated Before c. iv Table 14: Codices Having Fifty or More Lines to a Page Table 15: Codices Having a Square Written Area ( β measurement) Table 16: Consolidated List of Codices Consulted Technical Index

vii ix xxi 1 13 14 26 32 35 36 37 39 41 43 55 58 61 61 62 64 66 73 79 89 89 96 98 101 187

List of Books and Abbreviations

This is not a bibliography of the codex, but an aid to identification of works cited ii the text. A detailed list of abbreviations used by papyrologists is set out in the works of R. A . Pack (below) and in my Greek Papyri (see below), pp. 157-71 (brought up to date in an Italian edition now at press at Lemonnier, Florence, 1975). Abbreviations employed by New Testament scholars will be found in detail in the works of K. Aland and Β. M . Metzger below. K. Aland, Kurzgefasste liste der gr. Handschriften des Neuen Testaments. Berlin, 1963. Η. I. Bell and T . C. Skeat, Fragments of an Unknown Gospel. London, 1935. Cambridge History of the Bible. Cambridge, 1963-70: Vol. I ed. P. R. Ackroyd and C. F. Evans, 1970; Vol. II ed. G. W . H. Lampe, 1969; Vol. I I I ed. S. L. Greenslade, 1963. G. Cavallo, Ricerche sulla maiuscola biblica. 2 vols. Florence, 1967. R. Devreesse, Introduction ά 1'etude des manuscrits grecs. Paris, 1954. Sir Frederic Kenyon, Books and Readers in Ancient Greece and Rome

(abbrev.

Books and Readers2). 2nd ed. Oxford, 1951. W. H. P. Hatch, The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament. Chicago, 1939. P. L. Hedley, Unpublished list of Biblical manuscripts (compiled 1934). E. A. Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores (abbrev. CLA). 11 volumes plus supplement. Oxford, 1934-73. J. Mallon, Paleographie romaine. Madrid, 1952. Β. M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament. 2nd ed. Oxford, 1968. R. A . Pack (abbrev. Pack 2 ), The Greek and Latin Literary Texts from Greco-Roman Egypt. 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, 1965. C. H. Roberts, " T h e Codex," Proceedings of the British Academy X L (1954): 169-204. ( A revised edition is in preparation.) W. Schubart, Das Buch bei den Griechen und Römern (abbrev. Das Buch2). 2nd ed. Berlin and Leipzig, 1921. (The 3rd edition of 1962 is useless to scholars.) Griechische Paläographie. Munich, 1925 (in Handbuch d. Altertumswissenschaft).

Papyri Graecae Berolinenses. Bonn, 1911. R. Seider, Paläographie der griechischen Papyri. 2 Bände. Stuttgart, 1967, 1970. E. G. Turner, Greek Papyri: An Introduction. Oxford and Princeton, 1968. Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World (abbrev. GM A W). Oxford and Princeton, 1971. The Papyrologist at Work. Duke University, 1973. ABBREVIATIONS ADIK = Abhandlungen des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts. Cairo, 1958—. ARCHIV = Archiv fiir Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete. Leipzig/Berlin, 1901—, Β ASP = Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists. New Häven/Toronto, 1963—, BICS = Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Univ. of London, 1954—. BIFAO = Bulletin de Γ Institut franqais d'Archeologie Orientale. Cairo, 1901—. BKT= Berliner Klassikertexte. Berlin, 1904—, Cd'Ε = Chronique d'Egypte. Brussels, 1925—. CLA = E. A. Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores. Oxford, 11 volumes plus supplement. CQ = Classical Quarterly. 1907—, CR = Classical Review. Oxford, 1887—, DJD = Discoveries in theJudaean Desert [of Jordan]. Oxford, 1960—. GRBS = Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies. Cambridge, Mass., 1958—. HTR = Harvard Theological Review. Cambridge, Mass., 1908—. JEA = Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 1914—. J HS = Journal of Hellenic Studies. 1880—, J Ν ES = Journal of Near Eastern Studies. Chicago, 1942—. JTS = Journal of Theological Studies. New Haven, 1900—. Μ IF AO = Memoires publies par les membres de la Mission Archeologique Francaise au Caire. Cairo, 1884—. Μ PER = Mitteilungen aus der Sammlung der Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. Vienna, 1887-97. Bände i-vi. The same abbreviation covers the new series, I. Folge 1932—, PGM = Papyri Graecae Magicae, ed. K. Preisendanz. 3 vols. Leipzig/Berlin, 1928, 1931, 1941. PS I = Papiri greci e latini. Florence, 1912—. PTA = Papyrologische Texte und Abhandlungen. Bonn, 1968—. SB = Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten. Strasbourg etc., 1913—. SHA = Scriptores Historiae Augustae. SIFC = Studi italiani di filologia classica. Florence, 1893—. TU = Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur. Leipzig/Berlin, 1883—, Stud. Pal. or SPP = Studien zur Palaeographie und Papyruskunde, ed. C. Wessely. VBP = Veröffentlichungen aus den badischen Papyrus-Sammlungen. Demotic, Coptic, and Greek texts at Heidelberg, edited by W. Spiegelberg, F. Bilabel, and G. A. Gerhard. YCS = Yale Classical Studies. New Haven, 1928—, Ζ AW = Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Berlin, 1881—. ZNTW = Zeitschrift für neutestamentliche Wissenschaft. Glessen, 1923—. ZPE = Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik. Bonn, 1967—.

Illustrations

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

An early codex written in one broad column An early papyrus codex written in two columns An early parchment codex written in two columns (a) A small-sized parchment codex (b) Handwriting of a parchment codex of Hesiod (a) Handwriting of a papyrus roll of Thucydides (b) A misdated document: P. Oxy. xvii 2105 An early single-quire codex A papyrus codex of century vi after Christ An unusual format of parchment codex: Cairo 274B

xi xii xiii xiv XV

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