The Ramat Bet Shemesh Regional Project: the Gazetteer 9789654062374, 9789654065849, 9654062372

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fAA Rep,or's

'FHE RAMAT BET SHEMESH REGIONAL PROJECT: THE GAZETTEER

.L4A Reports, No. 46

THE RAMAT BET SHEMESH REGIONAL PROJECT: THE GAZETTEER

YEHUDADAGAN

ISRAEL ANTIQUITIES AUTHORITY JERUSALEM 201 0

IAAReports Publications of the Israel Antiquities Authority Editor-in-Chief Judith Ben-Michael Series Editor: Ann Roshwalb Hurowitz Volume Editor: Lori Lender Production Editor and Coordinator: Lori Lender Cover Drawing: Bet Na(if (artist: Zenobi Kisler) Front Cover: The vat surface at Site 211, Kh. el-' Alya (east) [9] (photographer: Yehuda Dagan) Back Cover (top to bottom): Excavation at Site 309.6, Na(lal Yarmut [117] (photographer: Yehuda Dagan); aerial view of Na(lal Yarmut at the start of development work (Ofek Aerial Photography); excavation of Chalcolithic settlement at Site 222, Kh. el-'Alya (east) [11] (photographer: Yehuda Dagan); aerial view of Na(lal Yarmut, at the start of development work (photographer: Yehuda Dagan)

Cover Design and Production: Hagar 1.1airnon Typesetting: Hagar Maim on and Ira Perava Illustrations: Sonia Itkis, Ira Perava, Yaakov Shmidov and Natalya Zak Printing: Art Plus Ltd., Jerusalem Copyright © 2010, The Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem POB 586, Jerusalem, 91004 ISBN 978-965-406-237-4 eISBN 9789654065849

www.antiquities.org.il

CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

IV

FOREWORD

VI

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 THE GAZETTEER APPENDIX SITE LIST

7 339

IV

ABBREVIATIONS

Ashdod II-III

M . Dothan. Ashdodll-III: The Second and Third Seasons ofExcavations 1963, 1965; Soundings in 1967 ('Atiqot [ES] 9-10). Jerusalem 1971

AshdodlV

M. Dothan and Y Porath. AshdodlV: Excavation ofAreaM, the Fortifications of the Lower City ('Atiqot [ES] 15). Jerusalem 1982

AshdodV

M. Dothan and Y Porath. AshdodV: Excavation ofArea G, the Fourth-Sixth Seasons of Excavations 1968-1970 ('Atiqot [ES] 23). Jerusalem 1993

'Atiqot (ES)

English Series

'Atiqot (HS)

Hebrew Series

BAlAS

Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society

BAR

British Archaeological Reports

BARlnt. S.

British Archaeological Reports (International Series)

BASOR

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

Beer-Sheba I

Y Aharoni ed. Beer-Sheba I: Excavations at Tel Beer-Sheva 1969-1971 Seasons (publications of the Institute of Archaeology of Iel Aviv University 2). Iel Aviv 1973

Beer-Sheba II

z. Herzog ed. Beer-Sheba II: Ihe Early Iron Age Settlements (publications of the Institute of Archaeology of Ie 1Aviv University 7). IelAviv 1984

EAEHL

M. Avi-Yonah and EStern eds. Encyclopedia ofArchaeological Excavations in the Holy Land Jerusalem 1975-1978 (Hebrew)

En-Gedi

B. Mazar, I Dothan and I. Dunayevsky. En-Gedi: The First and Second Seasons of Excavations 1961-1962 ('Atiqot [ES] 5). Jerusalem 1966

ESI

Excavations and Surveys in Israel

HA

J:Iadashot Arkheologiyot

HA-ESI

J:IadashotArkheologiyot-Excavations and Surveys in Israel (from 1999)

IE!

Israel Exploration Journal

'Izbet Sartah

I. Finkelstein. 'Izbet Sartah: An Early Iron Age Site near Rosh Ha 'ayin, Israel (BAR Int. S. 299). London 1986

JPOS

Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society

LA

Liber Annuus

Lachish III

O. Iufnell. Lachish III (Tell ed-Duweir): The Iron Age I-II. London 1953

Lachish V

Y Aharoni. Investigations at Lachish: The Sanctuary and the Residency (Lachish V; Publications of the Institute of Archaeology of Iel Aviv University 4). Iel Aviv 1975

NEA

Near Eastern Archaeology

NEAEHL

EStern and A Lewinson-Gilboa eds. The New Encyclopaedia ofArchaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 1-4. Jerusalem 1993

NEAEHL5

EStern ed. The New Encyclopaedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 5: Supplementary Volume. Jerusalem 2008

v

PEFAn

Palestine Exploration FundAnnual

PEFQSt

Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement

QDAP

Quarterly of the Department ofAntiquities ofPalestine

RE

Revue Bihlique

RES: Landscapes, forthcoming

Y Dagan. Ramat Bet Shemesh: Landscapes of Settlement from the Paleolithic to the Ottoman Periods (IAAReports). Jerusalem

Te II Qasile II

A Mazar. Excavations at Tell Qasile II (Qedem 20). Jerusalem 1985

ZDPV

Zeitschrift des Deutschen Paliistina-Vereins

VI

FOREWORD

In 1990, the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) initiated

the Rmnat Bet Shemesh Regional and document the

ecological,

Projec~

to survey

environmental

and

archaeological landscape in an area of over 34,CXXl dunarns prior to its destruction by urban development The project was directed by Yehuda Dagan. This volume, The Gazetteer, presents all the sites surveyed during the project, as well as the results of small-scale excavations

and preliniinary interpretations by the surveyors. Hundreds of volunteers and specialists contributed to the project in the course of over ten years of fieldwork and many more years of processing the finds and their publication, and we wish that we could mention them alL Among the main participants were the excavation

directors' Omar 'Abed Rabu, Ira Barash, Herve Barbe, Etty Brand, Yehuda Dagan, Emanuel Eisenberg, Nurit Feig, Shlomo Gudovitch, Gurmar Lehmann, Ianir Milevski, Alexander ann, Tamar Shabi, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah and Vladimir Zbenovich. Area supervisors included Avi Avganini, Shirli Barzilay, Aharon Ben-Nun, Yehuda Biller, Amir Ganor, Hanna Gemstein, Nadav Hameiri, Andre Kaminsky, Astrid Mettens, Haim Moyal, Alla Nagorsky, nan Peretz, Arika Popovici, Ron Porath, Yehudah Rapuano, Shimon Riklin, Yael Rotenberg, Dror Segal, Eli Shevo, Deborah A Sklar, Helena Sokolov, Eyal Tischler, Damian Weinstubb, Jeffrey Yas and Yehiel Zelinger. The survey team consisted of Shlomit Azmon, Leticia Barda, Said Gabua and Zvi Katmelson, while the prehistoric survey team comprised Rina Bankirer,

Mordechai Haiman, Hamoudi Khalaily, Yaniv Kuris, Ofer Marder and Eyal Vadai. The ecological survey team, coordinated by Liora K. Horwitz, included Frieda Ben-Ami, Noam Eitan, Hagit Levy Ben-Ner, Boaz Shaham and Udi Sheni. Sonia Itkis conducted an archeornetric survey. Architectural surveyors and

draftspersons included Ashraf Abu-Diab (surveyor and plans), Tania Kornfeld (surveyor and plans), Mark Pismani (surveyor), Yitzhak Stark (surveyor), Andre Shilkov (head of team) and Misha Vilzig (surveyor).

Pavel Gertopsky, Avraham Hajian, Viatcheslav Pirsky and Israel Vatkin also contributed to the surveying. Field photography was carried out by the author, and the aerial photographs, by Ofek Aerial Photography. The administrative team included Ussarna 'Abdu, Dan Amir, Yasser Amuri, Neta Avras, Srnadar Ben-Simon,

Avi Ganon, Haim Lavi, Linda Qara'in, Yair Racharnirn, Angela Raviv and Shay Sofer. Data processing was undertaken by Lena Atkis, Ella Bogin and Harry Kropnikova. Ruhama Bonfil did the preliminary editing of the manuscript and evaluated the data. nan Sharon carried out the GIS research and Gila Zioni~ the GIS research and mapping. Eldad Barzilay conducted the geomorphological study and Uri Baruch, the anthracological study on the charcoal furnaces. Anat Cohen-Weinberger did the petrographic analysis. My thariks to Vassilios Tzaferis and Lilly Gershuny for their constant support. Artifacts were photographed by ClaraAmit and Tsila Sagiv and the photographs were printed by Igor German. The pottery was drawn by Julia Rudrnann and the flint items, by Michael Smilansky and Leonid Zeiger. Sonia Itkis, Ira Perova, Yaakov Shmidov and Natalya Zak prepared the plans for publication. Leticia Barda prepared the general map. The project was carried out with the assistance of the

Ministry of Construction and Housing Jerusalem district staff members Yoram Bezalel, Asher Oleinik, Rina Zamir and Avraham Gdalevitch; Moshe Sokolovsky, Director of Planning and Engineering; and David Soket, Jerusalem District Architect I would like to tharik the staff of the IAA Publications departmen~ particularly the editors, Lori Lender and Ann Roshwalb Hurowitz, and the graphic designers, Hagar Maimon and Ira Perova. My wann appreciation is also extended to Ayala Sussman, Zvi Gal and Judith Ben-Michael, the former and present department heads, and to Aviva Schwarzfeld. Lastly, I express my gratitude to Shelley Sadeh, for her constant help and support. Yehuda Dagan, 2010

CHAPTERl

INTRODUCTION

The Ramat Bet Shemesh Regional Project was initiated by the Israel Antiquities Authority following plans by the Ministry of Construction and Housing to transform an undeveloped area south of the city of Bet Shemesh into a dense urban center (Fig. 1.1). The aim of the project was to conduct a high-resolution regional study in the designated area. This study included archaeological and prehistoric, as well as ecological/environmental, surveys, in order to record

the ancient remains and the natural environment, all of which stood to be altered completely by the development plans. The archaeological surveys comprise the backbone of the Ramat Bet Shemesh Regional Project Fieldwork consisted of three main phases (see RES: Landscapes, forthcoming): preliminary surveys, high-resolution surveys and excavations that were the result of these surveys .

•

I:L I:Iusham

Fig. 1.1. Location map showing geographic extent a/the project.

2

YEHUDA DAGAN

Preliminary Surveys The first phase of the preliminary survey (phase 1a) was carried out between 1987 and 1990 as part of the survey of the Judean Shephelah (Dagan 1983, 1986, 1992, 1995,2009). Additional surveys were undertaken within the framework of the Archaeological Survey of Israel. These surveys included the area of Ram at Bet Shemesh, which falls within the maps of Bet Shemesh (103) and Nes Harim (104), between longitudinal coordinate NIG 19450-20150 (OIG 14450-15150) and latitudinal coordinate NIG 62120-62950 (OIG 12120-12950). The second phase of the preliminary survey (phase 1b) began in 1990 following the government's decision to construct the new town and focused solely on the Ramat Bet Shemesh area (Dagan 1995, 1998). These surveys were based on the methodology employed by the Archaeological Survey of Israel (see RES: Landscapes, forthcoming). High-Resolution Surveys The high-resolution archaeological surveys and environmental studies began in 1994, within the municipal boundaries of the future town of Ramat Bet Shemesh. A survey was also conducted in the city of Bet Shemesh and the western slopes of the Judean Hills east of Na(lal Zanoal) (part of the Map ofNes Harim [104]. Forty-two sites were surveyed east ofNal)al Zanoal). In many agricultural terraces, we excavated test trenches, which were dug perpendicularly to the slope at 5-10 m intervals. This work was undertaken concurrently with the ongoing second-phase survey. These trenches yielded unexpected results, such as settlements and agricultural installations that had been buried beneath meters of agricultural soil. In addition, infrared photographs were taken of the survey area; these photographs were of great assistance in the identification and exposure of ancient remains (see Dagan 1998, RES: Landscapes, forthcoming). The decision by the Survey Project directors to attempt to retrieve all data, including pottery, even from densely overgrown surfaces, necessitated a survey of the entire area on foot with small teams of six to ten people, at intervals not exceeding 5-7 m between the surveyors. Each surveyor surveyed and recorded an area of 1000-1500 sq m. No limits were placed on the pace of the survey and surveyors remained at the survey sites for as long as was necessary to complete their work. Each site was visited several times, and

whenever possible, the visits took place in different seasons of the year. The work of the surveyor in the field comprised five main tasks: 1) Location of both stationary remains and portable artifacts. 2) Estimation of the extent of the survey site and its components. 3) Preliminary classification of the nature of the remains (settlement, agricultural area, installation, etc.; see below) and mapping, drawing and photography of architectural remains and other features. 4) Preliminary determination of the relationship of a survey site to the sites in its immediate surroundings in order to define its significance or function. 5) Collection of pottery and other artifacts. Sam pIes of the diagnostic potsherds and flint artifacts were saved. The spatial distribution of the potsherds, their num ber, and the variety of types were recorded for each site. Analysis of the ratios of the different types of vessels from each period also enabled estimation of the duration of occupation at a site. The nature of the remains was defined according to ten major categories: settlements, cult sites, installations, burial sites, cave sites, water sources, roads, agricultural activity, findspots and empty spaces. These general categories were subdivided into types and subtypes (see Table 1.1). All the data were recorded on a survey form (see RES: Landscapes, forthcoming) and subsequently computerized. A file was opened for each survey site; these files, kept in the IAA Archives, include all the data acquired during the survey.

Excavations The main excavations commenced in October 1994 as the development and construction plans progressed for the new town, following the contractors' timetable. Excavations of ancient remains were conducted after an area had been thoroughly surv eyed and only then was the land released to the contractors for construction. The Survey Project excavated 205 survey sites; of these, reports of 100 small-scale excavations appear in this volume. These reports were written by the excavators and consolidated for publication by the author. Full excavation reports are stored in the the IAAArchives. Larger excavation reports will be published in the future. Another 16 sites had been excavated by other institutions (for example, Mackenzie

Isolated structures: Dwellings; Fortresses; Khans; Watchtowers

Rural/ agricultural: Villages; Farmsteads; Scattered structures; Transient settlements

Agricultural terraces; Orchards; Pens; Stone heaps; Watch-booths

Urbani administrative: Fortified cities/ towns on a tell; Unfortified cities/towns on a tell; City/town not on a tell Temples; Churches; Monasteries; Mosques

Cult Sites

Industrial installations: Limekilns; Quarries; Coal furnaces

Agricultural installations: Oil presses; Winepresses; Hewn vats; Cupmarks; Threshing floors; Installation clusters

Installations Burial caves; Tumuli; Dolmens; Sheikhs' or saints' tombs and accompanying religious buildings

Burial Sites Columbaria; Dwelling caves; Subterranean hiding complexes

Cave Sites Wells; Cisterns; Pools; Seasonal springs

Water Sources Paved roads; Milestones

Roads

Flint scatters; Pottery scatters; Isolated finds

Findspots

Table 1.1. Categories of Archaeological Remains Identified in the Ramat Bet Shemesh Archaeological Survey

Agricultural Activity

Settlement Remains

I

Agricultural land; Pasturage; Lack of data

Empty Spaces

w

~

e~

5"""'

~

'Cl" "''z"

(l

4

YEHUDA DAGAN

1911,1912-1913; Grant1929a, 1929b, 1931, 1932, 1934; Grant and Wright 1938, 1939, Ben-Tor 1975; Bahat 1976, 1993; de Miroschedji 1988). The Gazetteer serves as a final report of the survey phase of the Ramat Bet Shemesh Project It comprises a database for all the survey sites. This volume encompasses the preliminary analyses of the size, the chronology and nature of the survey sites for each period, the results of all the trial trenches excavated in agricultural terraces, and the srnallscale excavations mentioned above. An appendix, including site numbers, site names, excavation permits and additional information pertaining to the sites, is provided (excavation reports are marked with a +). All data, including field plans, can be accessed in the Israel Antiquities Authority Archives. The next publication will be devoted to a presentation of our methodology and field techniques and the philosophy behind them; the reports of the ecological and environmental studies; our use of computerized mapping built with GIS technology, which enabled cross-referencing between the different databases; discussions of the settlement patterns during each period; and agricultural activity in the region as revealed in the accumulated data from all these studies (RES: Landscapes, forthcoming).

PRESENTATION OF MATERIAL

The sites in the Gazetfeerare presented in geographical order from north to south and west to east Initially, 547 survey sites were documented. Following preliminary processing of the material, a number of sites were consolidated, resulting in 404 entries in the Gazetteer. The data for each survey site consist of four parts: technical data; a description of the remains and excavation results, if applicable; the finds and preliminary interpretation ofthe nature ofthe site; and the reference list.

Technical Data The first line of each numbered entry for every site includes the site's serial number (in bold), which was assigned during the processing of the data after completion of the fieldwork, and is relevant to the Ram at Bet Shemesh Project alone. This number serves as a referent for discussions in all the RES volumes.

Many sites were divided into a number of subsites, e.g., Site 11.1, 11.2. This method was adopted because we believe it is best to subdivide sites as much as possible into their various components. The possibility of unifying certain features afterward, following the processing and interpretation of the finds into a larger 'survey cell', is always an option (see RES: Landscapes; forthcoming), e.g., grouping a Roman-period oil press with nearby structures containing Roman pottery into a Roman farmstead. The serial number (in bold) is followed by the file number (in bold), consisting of the first two digits of the longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates (OIG) of the site's map reference, separated by a dash; the third digits of the longitudinal coordinates and latitudinal coordinates (OIG) follow a slash and the site's sequential number in the designated square follows another slash. The largest site in the square (the maps used by the survey are divided into squares of 1 sq km) received the sequential number 1, while other sites were assigned numbers more or less arbitrarily. For example, Survey Site 1, File No. 1412/8-9/2: 14-12 (first two digits oflongitude-latitude), /8-9 (third digits of longitude-latitude), and /2 (second site in this square). Map references on the second line (e.g., map ref OIG 14846 12907, NIG 1984662907) are those of the Old Israel Grid (OIG) and the New Israel Grid (NIG). Height above sea level (asl) follows, and in cases of sites falling on the eastern bank ofNal,lal Zanoal), two asterisks (**) appear. The following lines in the entry provide the site's declared name (or names) or names related to other declared names (of sites, places or geographic features). The primary source for site names is the Registry of Monuments and Historic Sites, published in Reshumot-Yalqut Ha-Pirsumim (No. 1091, May 18, 1964, with emendations and supplements updated to 2004). Other sources for site names are names that appear in maps and toponymicallists (R ~ Robinson and Smith 1856; G ~ Guerin 1868-1869; S ~ SWP: Conder and Kitchener 1881-1883; M ~ British Mandate Survey Department of Palestine, Maps of Bureij and the western part of Deiraban). As the Survey ofIsrael (National Agency for Geodesy, Cadastre, Mapping and Geographic Information1.1API) system assigns site names to newly discovered sites according to the nearest geographical feature (e.g., stream, hill, etc.), a situation exists in which

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

dozens, even hundreds of sites, have the same name. Therefore, the method adopted here is to give each such site a sequential nurn ber based on the order in which it was found, in square brackets, in addition to the official name, for example, Nal,lal Yarmut [15]. Description The archaeological remains at a survey site are documented according to the format established in previous publications of the Archaeological Survey of Israel, which includes precise measurement of all installations. In many cases, photographs and plans accompany the descriptions. The exact coordinates and overall areas of the sites were calculated with the aid of GPS positioning equipment The descriptions of excavations carried out in the framework of the

5

project, appearing here in The Gazetteer, compnse a final excavation report.

The Finds and Preliminary Interpretation The finds for each period are summarized, occasionally

accompanied by pottery plates and other illustrations, including photographs. The area of dispersal of the finds appears in square brackets [1 dunam]. The preliminary designation of the nature of the site in each period, based on the categories defined in Table 1.1, appears in italics.

References A list of previous publications of finds, surveys or excavations at a given site is provided, when applicable.

REFERENCES Bahat D. 1976. Unfortified Settlements from Middle Bronze Age lIB. M.A. thesis. The Hebrew University. Jerusalem (Hebrew). Bahat D. 1993. Giv'at Sbm:ett. NEAEHL 1. Pp. 253-254. Ben-Tor A. 1975. The First Season of Excavations at Tel Yannuth,August 1970 (Qedern 1). Jerusalem Pp. 55--E7. Conder CR. and Kitchener H.H. 1881-1883. The Survey af Western Palestine 3: Judaea. London. Dagan Y 1983. Shephelah of Judah, Survey. ESI2:92-94. Dagan Y 1986. Shephelah of Judah, Survey-I985. ESI 5:99-100. Dagan Y 1992. Bet Shernesh Map, Survey. ESIlO: 141-142. Dagan Y. 1995. Bet Shemesh and Nes Harim Maps, Survey. ESII3:94-95. Dagan Y. 1998. The Ramat Bet Shemesh Excavation Project (Stage A). ESI 17:83-85. Dagan Y. 2009. Archaeological Surveys in Israel and Their Contribution to our Understanding of Settlement Distribution: The Judean Shephelah-A Case Study. In Y. Denizin Kly:tsmda ed. Urartl Kralltg,i'na Adanml§ Bir HayatlA Life Dedicated to Urartu on the Shores of the Upper Sea. Istanbul. Pp. 217-228. Grant E. 1929a. Beth-Shemesh (Palestine)-Progress of the HaverfordArchaeological Expedition. Haverford. Grant E. 1929b. The Haverford College Excavations at Ancient Beth Shernesh, 1928. PEFQSt 1929:201-210. Grant E. 1931. 'Ain Shems Excavations (palestine) 19281929, 1930-1931 I (Haverford College Biblical and Kindred Studies 3). Haverford.

Grant E. 1932. 'Ain Shems Excavations (palestine) 19281929, 1930-1931 II (Haverford College Biblical and Kindred Studies 4). Haverford. Grant E. 1934. Rumeileh, Being 'Ain Shems Excavations (palestme) III (Haverford College Biblical and Kindred Studies 5). Haverford. Grant E. and Wright G.E. 1938. 'Ain Shems Excavations (palestine) IV: Pottery (Haverford College Biblical and Kindred Studies 1). Haverford. Grant E. and Wright G.E. 1939. 'Ain Shems Excavations (palestine) V: Text (Haverford College Biblical and Kindred Studies 8). Haverford. Guerin M.V. 1868-1869. Description geographique, historique et archeologique de la Palestine Judee 1-3. Paris. Mackenzie D. 1911. Excavations at Ain Shems (Beth Shernesh). PEF An 1:41-94. Mackenzie D. 1912-1913. Excavations atAin Shems (BethShemesh) (PEF An 2). London. de Miroschedji P. 1988. Yarmouth 1: Rapport sur les trois premieres campagnes de fouilles a Tel Yarmouth (Israel) (1980-1982). Paris. Robinson E. and Smith E. 1856. Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Atfjacent Regions: A Journal of Travels in the Years 1838 and 1852, I-III (2nd ed). London.

CHAPTER

2

THE GAZETTEER

1. 14-12/8-9/2 14846 12907 19846 62907 230 m asl Na\:lal Soreq [5] Agricultural installations (c. 4 dunams) hewn on rock outcrops 0.5-1.2 m high on a rocky northwestern slope in a forested area c. 600 m south ofNa\:lal Soreq (see Fig. 6.1): two winepresses, eight vats and eight cupmarks. At the foot of the slope-remains of a limekiln. The installations are described below from east to west (from the hilltop to the foot of the slope). Find,'. Iron II (few potsherds [2 dunams]: find~p()t); Byzantine (many potsherds around the installations: agricultural activity).

lb. Some 25 m southwest of 1a: a vat (diam. 0.62 m, 0.31 m deep) on a trimmed rock surface (2.55 x 5.07 m, 0.55 m high). West of the vat-a cupmark (max. diam. 0.22 m, 0.11 m deep). About 1.28 m north ofthe vat-a nearly square vat (0.32 x 0.41 m). The rock surface is hewn to incline slightly toward the vat.

Ie. Two winepresses (Plan 1.2) about 40 m downhill. The southern, upper winepress, on a rock outcrop (2.6 x 3.0 m, 0.24 m high), consists of a roughly rhomboid treading floor (1.45 x 1.90 m, 0.28 m deep) and a shallow collecting vat (0.55 x 0.82 m) to its north. The northern winepress, on a rock outcrop measuring 2.41 x 5.85 m, has an oval, barrel-shaped treading

1a. Two vats connected by a channel on a trimmed rock outcrop (2.35 x 3.07 m, 1.2 m high), on the upper reaches of the slope (Plan 1.1): the nOlihern vatdiam. 0.41 m, 0.12 m deep; the southern vat-diam. 0.32 m, 0.10 m deep; the channel-0.32 m long). To the south-a rectangular vat (0.48 x 0.98 m; partly damaged). To the northwest-a cupmark (diam. 0.21 m, 0.07 m deep), fed by a channel (0.32 m long). Northeast of the cupmark-another cupmark (diam. 0.33 m).

_-===:::11 m

Plan 1.1. Nahal Soreq [5]. Plan o(two hewn vals connecled hy a hewn channel (Ia).

Plan 1.2. Na(zal Soreq [5]. Plan of two winepresses (Ic).

,

YEHUDA DAGAN

noa (i 52 x 214 m, max dEpth a1 CEflter 045 m) and a channel 028 m Img to Its na1h, leading to the col1edlllgv9t(O.65 x 1.65m) DOWnhill, S 30 m ncrlheasl oflhl' wmepresses--an oval vat(042 x 0.32m, O.J7 m deq»fedbytwonarrow channels (plans 1 1, 12) co a rock surface 1 25 x 2. 15 m and 0.38 m hIgh

Id. Some 50 m east of the winepresses (l c)-two adjOIning vats (dl.affiS. 0. 28 m, 0. 17 m deep) and five randomly hewn cupma.rks (dl3l1lS. 0. 15 m) on a rock outcrop (3 25 x 3 55 m, 083 m high)

I e. Some 65 m na"lh of the wmepresses (Ic)--ll imeklln (dulln 455 m, max depth 2.75 m) Bet

1')" 4byJ Kh Jtnno'" drum. /ookmg north=.1

O~W1!OJKlnmgcapfMd

Q $/Cmf/

preserved are the southErn and eastern walls, coated WIth reddlsh-brown plaster The lower part of the kiln

ISrock-hewn, the UpPff" part, constructed of stone.

2. 14- 12.9- 9/1 1495712952 1995762952 200masl Blr elklafira (M;l A well (Bir el.f:£afira), 00. the north bank ofNa~al Soreq (see FIg. 6 I) Ncthing SUl'V1ves oflhl' well today

3, 14- 12,9-912 1497212922 1997262922 220m asl 'Em er-Reiyan (M) ofNa~al Soreq (see FIg, 6 1), now marked by a patch ofvegetati cnma1l1ly sugar =e and reeds-and remams of a plastered pool ~.7 x 3,2 m) oonstruct.ed of trllTlffied fieldstones (2-3 courses hIgh) to Its west, apparEntly used m the Ottcman penod (seVEnteenth-etghteenth cenltJl'1es) The pool and spnng are probably related

Traces of a 'Pring m the sCeswere cleared II1to heaps The finds mdlcate thai. settlement began In the fll1al phase of the Pre-PctteJy NeohthlCA (PPNA) and contll1ued throogh the Pottay Neohthic and Chaicohthlc periods, until EB II-TIL

!

,

'. "

,'

i. . . ._~.

».

PhnJ7 J NaIJd ramiiii' [J] Plan o/Ihil CI5I~n (51.1a) lftlho m:ump;lQf l~lI>"lIChm1. Runo,d lfQ;l dmeI'o/ ;:lfn on (J rock outcrop, looking lf Qst.

46

YEHUDA DAGAN

outcrop. Naih of the vat-a cupmark (diam 027 ill, 0.21 m deep). On the rock surface sooth of the vat-13 depressims (diams O.07--D.l1 ill, 0.05 m deep) 57.lb. Sane 35 m weot of the cistem-imtallatims hewn into a large cutcrcp measuring 27 x 30 m (plan 572) On the western part of the surface-a wlllepress a silted OIlertreading floC(' (332 x 3.35 m) and anearly circularcolledingvat(diam 3.1 m)to itsnath South of the treading floor are nine depressims (diams. 0 11 ill, 0.06 m deep). Some 9 m eaot of the winepress-abcut tWEnty similar depressims, including two OIlal vats (032 x 0.55-0.65 m) North of the rock ourface-a wall (11 m Img), probably a terrace wall, built of large fieldo1mes 57.1e. Sane 10 m west of the cistem-a vat (diam 0.64 ill, 012 m deep) cut into the CEnter of a rock outcrop (l05 x 344m) Nearty-quarries 57.1d. Sane 25 m eaot of the cdem-a vat (diam

0.32 m) and \¥{o cupmarks (diams 0.12 m) m the eaotern part of a rock cutcrcp, two additional vats (diams 0.4-0.5 m) in the western part, and several depressims (diams. 008 m)

I

57.le. Some 8 m scutheast of the cdEm-----remains of a building-stme quany m a ro:± cutcrcp meaouring 4.28 x 635 m Nearoy-a vat (diam 0.42 m, 022 m deep), three cupmarks (avC1"age diam. 0.25 m, 011 m deep) and eight depressims (diams approx. 0.08 m, 0.06--{).08 m deep) 57.H. Sane 50 m to the east-a rock ourface (212 x 3.55 m) slanting to the north, with an CNal vat (0 25 x 0.58 m) and a depressim (diam 0 11 m) to its east 57.1g. Sane 50 m eaot of the cdEm (57.la)-a hewn rock outcrcp cJ>lan 573) with a vat (diam 0.54 m, 0.23 m deep), five cupmarks (average diam 0.15 m) and two depressims (diams. 006 m) arcund it Weot of the vat-nmains of a quarry and a wall ofro:± (232m lmg) fonned by quanying activity 57.lh. Sane 13 m eaot of the cdem (57.la)---a quany (22 x 60 m); traces of separatim channels (0.4 x 12 m) are visible. In the scuthem part of the quany-a large vat (diam 105 m, 0.06 m deep) damaged by quanying Nearby is a limekiln (diam 4.5 m, 2.3 m deep) full of limestme blo:±s prepared foc firing. Northeaot of the kiln--two winepresses on a hewn ro:± surface

>62."

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