The Oxford Handbook of Max Weber 2019952443, 9780190679545

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Copyright Page   Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster The Oxford Handbook of Max Weber Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster Print Publication Date: Mar 2020 Subject: Sociology Online Publication Date: Feb 2019

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Copyright Page

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952443 ISBN 978-0-19-067954-5 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America.

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About the Editors

About the Editors   Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster The Oxford Handbook of Max Weber Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster Print Publication Date: Mar 2020 Subject: Sociology Online Publication Date: Feb 2019

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About the Editors

Edith Hanke is Generalredakteurin of the Max Weber-Gesamtausgabe at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Munich. Her work centered on Leo Tolstoy and his significance for c. 1900 German cultural debates. She edited Max Weber’s “Sociology of Domination” for the Max Weber-Gesamtausgabe (I/22-4 and I/23) and is currently en­ gaged in research on Max Weber’s worldwide proliferation and reception. Lawrence A. Scaff is professor emeritus of political science and sociology at Wayne State University, Detroit. He is the author of Fleeing the Iron Cage (University of Califor­ nia Press, 1989), Max Weber in America (Princeton University Press, 2011; German trans­ lation Duncker & Humblot, 2013), and Weber and the Weberians (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014). Sam Whimster is professor emeritus of sociology in the Global Policy Institute, London, and a fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences. He is the editor of the journal Max Weber Studies and the author of Understanding Weber (Routledge, 2007; Portuguese translation 2007). He edited, with Hans Henrik Bruun, Max Weber: Collected Method­ ological Writings (Routledge, 2012). He is co-author of Federal Central Banks (Forum Press, 2018).

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Contributors

Contributors   Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster The Oxford Handbook of Max Weber Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster Print Publication Date: Mar 2020 Subject: Sociology Online Publication Date: Feb 2019

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Contributors

Andreas Anter

is professor of political science at the Faculty of Economics, Law and Social Sciences at the University of Erfurt, Germany. After his studies of political science and sociolo­ gy in Münster, Freiburg, and Hamburg and his PhD in Hamburg (1994), he taught po­ litical theory and domestic politics at the Universities of Hamburg, Leipzig, and Bre­ men. He is the author of Max Weber’s Theory of the Modern State (2014), Max Weber und die Staatsrechtslehre (2016), and Theorien der Macht zur Einführung (4th ed., 2018).

Robert J. Antonio

is professor of sociology at the University of Kansas. He specializes in social theory and is currently working on projects related to capitalism’s crisis tendencies, espe­ cially concerning the intersection of increased economic inequality, ecological risk, and democratic and authoritarian responses. Among his recent publications are “Eth­ noracial Populism: An Alternative to Neoliberal Globalization?” in Social Epistemology (2019); (with Alessandro Bonanno) “From Fordism to Brexit & Trump: Is Authoritari­ an Capitalism on the Rise?” in Blackwell Companion to Sociology (2019); “Immanent Critique and the Exhaustion Thesis: Neoliberalism and History’s Vicissitudes” in The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory (2017); and “Plundering the Commons: The Growth Imperative in Neoliberal Times” in Sociological Review (2013).

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Contributors

Johann P. Arnason

is emeritus professor at La Trobe University, Melbourne, where he taught sociology from 1975 to 2003, and affiliated with the Department of Historical Sociology, Faculty of Human Studies, Charles University, Prague, where he taught from 2007 to 2015. His research interests center on social theory and historical sociology, with particular emphasis on the comparative analysis of civilizations. Recent publications include An­ thropology and Civilizational Analysis: Eurasian Explorations (edited, with Chris Hann; 2018); “Elias and Eisenstadt: The Multiple Meanings of Civilization,” in Social Imaginaries (2015); and “Theorizing the History of Religions: The Weberian Agenda and Its Unresolved Issues,” in Social Imaginaries (2017).

Stefan Breuer

is emeritus professor of sociology at Hamburg University. He has published widely on critical theory, the evolution of the state, and the radical right in Germany. His publi­ cations on Max Weber include Bürokratie und Charisma. Zur politischen Soziologie Max Webers (1994), Max Webers tragische Soziologie (2006), and “Herrschaft” in der Soziologie Max Webers (2011). English translations of his essays have been published in Law and State, Journal of Historical Sociology, History of the Human Sciences, Max Weber Studies, and Max Weber, Democracy and Modernization, edited by Ralph Schroeder.

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John Breuilly

is emeritus professor of nationalism and ethnicity at the London School of Economics. Recent publications include The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism (2013); “Modernisation and Nationalist Ideology,” in Archiv für Sozialgeschichte (2017); “Modern Empires and Nation-States,” in Thesis Eleven (2017); and “Popular Nationalism, State Forms and Modernity,” in Nations, Identities and the First World War: Shifting Loyalties to the Fatherland (2018). A revised version of his edition of 19th Century Germany: Politics, Culture and Society, 1780–1918 will be published in 2019. He is writing a book on how nationalism “traveled” the world.

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Contributors

Hinnerk Bruhns

is director of research emeritus at CNRS, affiliated to the Centre de recherches his­ toriques (EHESS/CNRS) in Paris. He joined the CNRS in 1985 and the EHESS in Paris in 1982. Previously he was attached to the Universities of Aix-en-Provence (1971– 1975) and Bochum (1976–1979). From 1979 on, he has been active as administrator of international research cooperation programs in German and French public re­ search organizations, and from 1997 to 2008 he was deputy director of the Founda­ tion Maison des Sciences de l’Homme. Recent publications include Max Weber und der Erste Weltkrieg (2017) and Max Webers historische Sozialökonomie/L’économie sociale de Max Weber entre histoire et sociologie (2014).

Hans Henrik Bruun

is adjunct professor at the Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen. His Science, Values and Politics in Max Weber’s Methodology (1972, new edition 2010) remains a standard reference work on Weber’s methodology. He was translator and co-editor of Max Weber: Collected Methodological Writings (2012) and recently pub­ lished the first complete Danish translation of Weber’s The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

Sérgio da Mata

is associate professor at Ouro Preto University, Brazil. He earned his PhD from the University of Cologne. He is author of Chão de Deus (2002), História & Religião (2010), and A fascinação weberiana. As origens da obra de Max Weber (2013). His edited collections include Contributions to Theory and Comparative History of Histo­ riography: German and Brazilian Perspectives (2015; with Luísa Pereira and Luiz Fer­ nandes). He has authored numerous articles on Max Weber, German historicism, and German philosophical anthropology. His current project explores the intellectual his­ tory of Joachim Ritter’s Collegium philosophicum at the University of Münster and its meaning for the Weberian tradition in postwar Germany. He is a recipient of fellow­

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Contributors ships from the Deutsches Akademisches Austauschdienst, the Alexander von Hum­ boldt Stiftung, and the Deutsche Schillergesellschaft.

Joshua Derman

is associate professor of humanities at the Hong Kong University of Science and Tech­ nology. His research focuses on modern German history and, in particular, the inter­ national dimensions of German political and social thought. His book Max Weber in Politics and Social Thought: From Charisma to Canonization (2012) is the first com­ prehensive history of Weber’s early impact in Germany and the United States.

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Laura R. Ford

is an assistant professor of sociology at Bard College. With a background in both law and sociology, her research and teaching interests include law and religion, economic sociology, social theory, the history and development of intellectual property, and his­ torical sociology. Recent publications include articles in Qualitative Sociology, Max Weber Studies, Theory & Society, and the Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal.

Rosario Forlenza

is a fellow at the Remarque Institute, New York University. He is a historian of mod­ ern Europe and has worked at the University of Cambridge, Princeton University, Co­ lumbia University, and the University of Padova. Recent books include Italian Moder­ nities: Competing Narratives of Nationhood (co-authored with Bjørn Thomassen; 2019) and On the Edge of Democracy: Italy 1943–1948 (2019).

Peter Ghosh

is a fellow in history of St. Anne’s College, Oxford. He has published an intellectual bi­ ography of Weber, Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic: Twin Histories (2014) and

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Contributors two books of essays: A Historian Reads Max Weber (2008) and Max Weber in Context (2016).

Claudius Härpfer

is a postdoctoral researcher and lecturer at the Department of Social Sciences of Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany. He works on the history of sociology, the phi­ losophy of the social sciences, and network theory. His publications include “Weber and Simmel on the Formation of Norms, Rules and Laws” in Journal of Classical Soci­ ology (with Tom Kaden; 2017), Max Webers vergessene Zeitgenossen (with Gerhard Wagner; 2016), and “Neo-Kantianism and the Social Sciences: From Rickert to We­ ber” in New Approaches to Neo-Kantianism, edited by Nicolas de Warren and Andrea Staiti (with Gerhard Wagner; 2015).

Gangolf Hübinger

is a Viadrina senior fellow at the B/Orders in Motion Center and a retired professor of modern history at the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder). He has pub­ lished extensively on intellectual and cultural history, the history of the social sci­ ences and humanities, and religious culture and political movements in the nine­ teenth and twentieth centuries. He is a co-publisher of the complete editions of Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch. Recent publications include Max Weber: Stationen und Impulse einer intellektuellen Biographie (2019) and Engagierte Beobachter der Mod­ erne: Von Max Weber bis Ralf Dahrendorf (2016).

Geoffrey Ingham

is life fellow, Christ’s College, Cambridge University. His main interests are in the his­ torical sociology and political economy of money and finance, on which he has pub­ lished widely in journals including The British Journal of Sociology, Acta Sociologica, Archives Européenes de Sociologie, and Cambridge Journal of Economics. His major recent books are The Nature of Money (2004) and Capitalism, with Postscript on the Financial Crisis (2011). In 2013, Jocelyn Pixley and Geoffrey Harcourt edited a

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Contributors Festschrift entitled Financial Crises and the Nature of Capitalist Money: Mutual De­ velopments from the Work of Geoffrey Ingham.

(p. xiv)

Thomas Kemple

is professor of sociology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. In addition to articles in Theory, Culture & Society and the Journal of Classical Sociology, his most recent works include Intellectual Work and the Spirit of Capital­ ism (2012), The Anthem Companion to Georg Simmel (co-edited with Olli Pyyhtinen; 2017), Simmel (2018), and Writing the Body Politic: A John O’Neill Reader (co-edited with Mark Featherstone; 2019).

Sung Ho Kim

is professor of political science at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. He also taught po­ litical, social, and legal theories at the University of California, the University of Chicago, Harvard University, and Keio University (Japan). He is a recipient of the Leo Strauss Award of the American Political Science Association. He authored the “Max Weber” entry for the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and (with C. Hahm) Making We the People (2015). His earlier monograph, Max Weber’s Politics of Civil Society (2004), explored Weber as a liberal and democratic theorist.

Brandon Konoval

is on faculty at the University of British Columbia, where he holds a cross-appoint­ ment at the UBC School of Music and in the UBC Arts One Program. His research ad­ dresses the relationship between music, mathematics, and early modern science, as well as the genealogies of inequality, morality, and sexuality developed by Rousseau, Nietzsche, and Foucault. Recent publications include contributions to Nietzsche-Stu­ dien (2013), Perspectives on Science (2014, 2018), I Tatti Studies in the Italian Re­ naissance (2019), and Modern Intellectual History (2017, 2019), as well as a chapter on music and disciplinary culture in Foucault on the Arts and Letters (2016).

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Contributors Scott Lash

is visiting professor, School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, and se­ nior research associate at the Centre on Migration Policy and Study at Oxford Univer­ sity. He has written twelve books translated into fifteen languages. His recent books are Experience: New Foundations for the Human Sciences (2018) and China Con­ structing Capitalism: Economic Life and Urban Change (co-author; 2014).

Stefan Leder

is professor emeritus of Arabic and Islamic studies at Martin Luther University in Halle, Germany, and directed the Orient-Institut Beirut (Lebanon), a research insti­ tute in the humanities and social sciences (2007–2017). His current work concerns the discursive contexts and theoretical framing of traditions of political thought in the MENA region and beyond. His related English publications include “Sunni Resur­ gence, Jihād Discourse and the Impact of the Frankish Presence” and “Towards a His­ torical Semantic of the Bedouin” (both available online: www.menalib.de/en/), as well as “Religious Texts and the Islamic Purity Regime” in Discourses of Purity in Tran­ scultural Perspective (300–1600) (2015).

Kenichi Mishima

is professor emeritus for comparative studies of civilizations and for social philosophy at the University of Osaka. He studied philosophy, German literature, and compara­ tive studies of literature and civilization at the University of Tokyo. He also worked as a professor at the University of Tokyo and Gakushuin University. His research focuses on critical theory of society, theory of multiple modernities, German idealism, (p. xv) and critics of modernity. Recent publications have appeared in Critical Asian Studies (2016) and Nova Acta Leopoldina (2017).

Kari Palonen

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Contributors is professor emeritus of political science at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. His books deal with the concept of politics (A Struggle with Time, 2006), the principles of conceptual history (Politics and Conceptual Histories, 2014), textual analysis of poli­ tics (Debates, Rhetoric and Political Action, 2017, with Claudia Wiesner and Taru Haapala), and parliamentary procedure and rhetoric (Parliamentary Thinking. Proce­ dure, Rhetoric and Time, 2018). His Weber books include Das Webersche Moment (1998), Eine Lobrede für Politiker (2002), Objektivität als faires Spiel (2010), A Politi­ cal Style of Thinking (2017), and the collection Max Webers Begriffspolitik (2019).

Jos C. N. Raadschelders

is professor and associate dean of faculty at the John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University. He is also affiliated with the Institute of Public Administra­ tion, University of Leiden, the Netherlands. His research interests include the nature of the government and its study, comparative government, administrative history, and anything else that captures his attention. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Ralph Schroeder

is professor in social science of the Internet at the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford. His publications include Social Theory after the Internet: Media, Technology and Globalization (2018), Knowledge Machines: Digital Transformations of the Sciences and Humanities (2015; co-authored with Eric T. Meyer), An Age of Limits: Social Theory for the Twenty-First Century (2013), Rethinking Science, Tech­ nology and Social Change (2007), and Max Weber and the Sociology of Culture (1992).

John Scott

is an honorary professor at the Universities of Essex, Exeter, and Copenhagen. He was formerly professor of sociology at the Universities of Essex and Leicester and pro-vice chancellor for research at the University of Plymouth. He has been president of the British Sociological Association and chair of the Sociology Section of the British Academy and in 2013 was awarded the CBE for Services to Social Science. His work

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Contributors covers theoretical sociology, the history of sociology, elites and social stratification, and social network analysis. His most recent books include British Social Theory: Re­ covering Lost Traditions before 1950 (2018), Envisioning Sociology. Victor Branford, Patrick Geddes, and the Quest for Social Reconstruction (with Ray Bromley; 2013), and The Emerald Guide to Max Weber (2019).

Hira Singh

is associate professor in the Department of Sociology at York University, Toronto, Canada. He has taught sociology at the Delhi School of Economics, University of Del­ hi, and various other universities in Canada, including Wilfrid Laurier, Victoria, St. Thomas University, and University of New Brunswick. He was a participant in the de­ bate “Feudalism in Pre-colonial, Non-European Societies,” sponsored by the Journal of Peasant Studies. His previous publications include Colonial Hegemony and Popular Resistance (1998), Recasting Caste: From the Sacred to the Profane (2014; translated in Hindi and Marathi 2018), and essays in prominent journals.

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Lutfi Sunar

is associate professor in the Department of Sociology at Istanbul Medeniyet Universi­ ty, Turkey. His major research interests are classical sociological theory, orientalism, social change, and stratification. He has published various articles in international journals. Among his recent books are Marx and Weber on Oriental Societies (2014), Eurocentrism at the Margins: Encounters, Critics and Going Beyond (as editor, 2016), Debates on Civilization in the Muslim World: Critical Perspectives on Islam and Modernity (as editor, 2016), Toplumsal Değişim (2018), and Sosyal Tabakalaşma (2018).

Barbara Thériault

is full professor at the Department of Sociology and at the Canadian Centre for Ger­ man and European Studies at the University of Montreal. She is in charge of the “Feuilleton” section of Sociologie et sociétés. She teaches classical German sociology and translates German feuilletons into French (Simmel, Kracauer, Elias, Roth, Tuchol­ sky). At the center of her current research are two interests: contemporary Germany

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Contributors and sociological writing. Within one concrete project—an ethnography of a German mid-sized town, written in the form of feuilletons—she brings them both together. In 2018 she was writer-in-residence in Lviv, Ukraine.

Bryan S. Turner

is professor of sociology and director of the Institute for Religion, Politics and Society at the Australian Catholic University; emeritus professor at the Graduate Center CUNY, USA; and an honorary professor at Potsdam University, Germany, where he is the director of the Centre for Social Citizenship. In 2009 he was awarded a doctor of letters from the University of Cambridge. He won the Max Planck Award in 2015. His interests include the sociology of religion with special reference to law and religion, political sociology with special attention to citizenship and human rights, and social and political theory. He was the chief editor of the five-volume Wiley Blackwell Ency­ clopedia of Social Theory (2018).

Stephen P. Turner

is currently distinguished university professor in the Department of Philosophy, Uni­ versity of South Florida. He has written extensively on Max Weber, especially on as­ pects of his methodological writings, in Max Weber and the Dispute Over Reason and Value: A Study in Philosophy, Ethics, and Politics (1984) and Max Weber: The Lawyer as Social Thinker (both with the late Regis Factor). His Cognitive Science and the So­ cial: A Primer was published in 2018. He has recently co-edited, with Christopher Adair-Toteff, The Calling of Social Thought: Rediscovering the Work of Edward Shils (2019).

Eduardo Weisz

is professor at the University of Buenos Aires, where he is in charge of the Max We­ ber research group. He has published and edited several books on different aspects of Weber’s legacy, including Max Weber en Iberoamérica (edited with Álvaro Morcillo; 2016) and Racionalidad y tragedia (2011).

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Contributors

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Abbreviated Titles for Max Weber’s Texts

Abbreviated Titles for Max Weber’s Texts   Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster The Oxford Handbook of Max Weber Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster Print Publication Date: Mar 2020 Subject: Sociology Online Publication Date: Feb 2019

(p. xvii)

Abbreviated Titles for Max Weber’s Texts

AJ

Ancient Judaism

ASAC

The Agrarian Sociology of Ancient Civilization

CMW

Collected Methodological Writings

CS

Critique of Stammler

E&S

Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology

Essen­ tial

The Essential Weber: A Reader

FMW

From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology

GARS

Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie

GEH

General Economic History

GPS

Gesammelte Politische Schriften

HCP

History of Commercial Partnerships

MWG

Max Weber-Gesamtausgabe

PED

The Protestant Ethic Debate: Max Weber’s Replies to his Critics, 1907– 1910

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Abbreviated Titles for Max Weber’s Texts PESC

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

PolW

Political Writings

RaK

Roscher and Knies

RC

The Religion of China

RI

The Religion of India

RR

The Russian Revolutions

RSFM

The Rational and Social Foundations of Music

Selec­ tions

Weber Selections

Soc Rel

Sociology of Religion

WL

Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life

Chronology of Max Weber’s Life   Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster The Oxford Handbook of Max Weber Edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster Print Publication Date: Mar 2020 Subject: Sociology Online Publication Date: Feb 2019

(p. xviii)

(p. xix)

Chronology of Max Weber’s Life

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life (all German titles are translated into English) Year

City

Important Events in Weber’s Life

1864

Erfurt, Prus­ sia

April 21: Max born, the first child of Max Weber Sr. and Helene Weber (née Fallen­ stein). He is the eldest of seven siblings, the youngest of whom, Lili, is two years old. Weber Sr. was a paid advisor to the city council and was involved in the defense of the town during the Austro–Prussian war. Helene Weber was brought up in Heidel­ berg in a large villa (the Fallenstein villa that today is the Max-Weber-Haus) across the river Neckar with direct views of the castle. Georg Fallenstein, Helene’s father, built the villa in 1847, and under his leadership it became a center of liberal-democratic nationalism and anti-Prussian politics.

1869

Charlotten­

The Weber family, including Alfred Weber

burg, Berlin, Prussia

born in 1868, moves to Berlin. Max Weber Sr. is appointed as municipal official and later elected as a National Lib­ eral delegate for the Prussian Lower House and the German Reichstag.

1882

Heidelberg, Baden

April: Max Weber matriculates from Char­ lottenburg Royal Empress-Augusta-Gymna­ sium and begins studies in Roman and Ger­ man legal history, history of philosophy, and history at the University of Heidelberg. November: Joins a dueling fraternity, the Allemannia (and resigns in October 1918).

1883

Strasbourg, Alsace

Year-long military training in Alsace. Alsace was placed under direct Prussian military rule following the Franco–Prussian war of 1870.

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life Attends Hermann Baumgarten’s (his uncle) seminar at the German University of Stras­ bourg on Italian political writers of the Ref­ ormation. 1884

Berlin

Studies international and German law.

1885

Göttingen, Prussia Strasbourg Verona and Venice

Studies canon law and public, practical, and administrative law. March and April: military exercises as re­ serve officer. August–September: Travels to Italy with his father.

Celle, Lower Saxony Berlin

May: Sits for first state exams in law. Weber moves back into parental home in Charlottenburg and works as trainee

(p. xx)

1886

lawyer (until 1890). Attends Levin Goldschmidt’s seminar on commercial law. 1887

Berlin

Gives seminar paper “Commercial Partner­ ships According to Medieval Italian and Spanish documents.”

1888

1889

Posen, Duchy of

July–September: Officer training and mili­ tary exercises.

Posen, Ger­ many Gnesen, Duchy of Posen

August: Visits the Prussian Settlement Commission with the district administrator.

Berlin

October: Awarded doctorate magna cum laude with dissertation on medieval trading companies. Weber is commended by lead­ ing classical historian Theodor Mommsen in oral public examination. Starts his postdoctoral research into Ro­ man land patterns and tenure, working with the agrarian historian August Meitzen.

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life 1890

Berlin

Weber attends the first Evangelical-Social Congress together with his mother Helene, who supports this new initiative for Christ­ ian social action started by socially con­ cerned Protestant pastors. October: Passes main state law examina­ tion and is qualified to work as a lawyer.

1891

Berlin

October: Publishes his postdoctoral thesis, Roman Agrarian History and Its Signifi­ cance for Public and State Law.

1892

Berlin

February: Awarded right to lecture (Venia legendi) in commercial and Roman law. February–March: Weber starts work on as­ signment from Association of Social Policy (Verein für Sozialpolitik) to analyze the sur­ vey results on the social and economic po­ sition of farmworkers east of the Elbe. The 600-page work is published in December. May: Weber meets Friedrich Naumann at the Third Evangelical-Social Congress. Naumann emerges as a political figure as the “poor people’s pastor.” They share ideas about Germany becoming a democra­ tic power state.

1893

Berlin Charlotten­ burg Oerling­ hausen, Lippe Berlin

March: Weber presents the overall results of the regional surveys of employers into the condition of farmworkers to the gener­ al assembly of the Association of Social Pol­ icy. He is co-opted into its governing com­ mittee. May: Weber becomes officially engaged to Marianne Schnitger. September: Max and Marianne marry in Oerlinghausen, where Marianne’s grandfa­ ther, Carl David Weber, owns and manages a linen business on modern factory lines. November: Weber is appointed associate professor in commercial and Roman law at Friedrich-Wilhelms-University.

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life (p. xxi)

1894

1895

Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden Frankfurt am Main

April: Weber is appointed full professor in economics and finance at the University of Freiburg. May: At the Fifth Evangelical-Social Con­ gress, with Paul Göhre, Weber presents re­ sults of questionnaire sent out to a national sample of pastors on the condition of farm­ workers. June and September: Publishes “Develop­ mental Tendencies in the Situation of East Elbian Farm Workers.” November: Weber publishes “The Börse. The Purpose and Organization of the Börse” in the Göttingen Workers Library, edited by Friedrich Naumann. November–December: “Results of the In­ quiry into the German Börse” published in Journal for General Commercial Law

Freiburg i.

May: Weber gives inaugural lecture, “The

B. London,

National State and Economic Policy.” August–October: Travels in British Isles.

England 1896

1897

Freiburg i. B.

Weber gives public lecture, “The Social Reasons for the Fall of Classical Civiliza­

Berlin

tion,” which is published in The Truth. Gives public lectures across Germany on rural policy and proposals to change law on land inheritance, which would favor German small farmers. November: Becomes member of govern­ ment inquiry into the stock and commodity exchanges. Winter: Joins the Pan-German League (re­ signs in 1899).

Heidelberg Berlin Lourdes;

January: Appointed professor of economics and finance at the University of Heidel­ berg. Co-director with Georg Jellinek of the sciences of state seminar and establishes a new seminar and library in economics within the philosophy faculty.

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life

1898

Guernica, Basque Country, Spain

“The Agrarian Organization of Antiquity” published in the Handbook of Sciences of the State. August: Funeral of Max Weber Sr. He died unreconciled with Max Weber (who had challenged the extent of his patriarchal power over Helene Weber). August–September: Vacation and travels in southern France and Spain.

Heidelberg

The theologian Ernst Troeltsch, the philosopher Paul Hensel, the art historian Carl Neumann, and the jurist Georg Jellinek become close Heidelberg col­ leagues. March: Weber consults the psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin for nervous exhaustion and is diagnosed as suffering from “neurasthe­ nia.” July: Treatment for exhaustion, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction at clinic on Lake Constance.

1899

Heidelberg

Starts book series The Farm Worker in the Protestant Regions of North Germany Released from lecturing in summer semes­ ter due to depression and neurotic symp­ toms.

Eib­ see, Bavaria

August: Travels to spa near GarmischPartenkirchen with Marianne.

1900

Heidelberg Urach, Würt­ temberg Corsica

January: Given leave of absence by Baden Department of Education. July: Four and half–month stay in clinic in Schwaben Alps. Unable to write simple let­ ters. Travels to Ajaccio for winter with Mari­ anne and cousin Otto Benecke.

1901

Rome Switzerland

April: Travels in southern Italy with Mari­ anne for a month. Returns to Rome until beginning of July.

(p. xxii)

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life July–September: Marianne and Max stay in Switzerland, returning to Rome for autumn and winter. Helene Weber and Friedrich Naumann visit. Begins a return to reading academic books. 1902

Heidelberg

April: Returns to Heidelberg and moves in­ to new flat in Hauptstrasse. June: Announces lecture course for winter semester but further inability to work and lecture. December: Travels alone to Nervi near Genoa, returning to Heidelberg mid-Janu­ ary.

1903

Rome Schevenin­

March: Travels to Rome for six weeks. June: Convalesces on North Sea coast with

gen, Holland Ostend, Bel­

trips to Amsterdam and the Hague. August: Convalescent trip.

gium Hamburg

September: Attends the conference of the Association of Social Policy.

Heidelberg

October: Weber’s resignation as professor is accepted by the Baden Ministry of Edu­ cation on the grounds of continuing health problems. Weber is given title of honorary professor in the faculty. October: Publishes essay “Roscher’s ‘His­ torical Method.’ ”

1904

Heidelberg New York, Chicago,

January: Weber becomes member of Era­ nos Society. April: First issue of the Archive for Social Science and Social Policy (hereafter Archive). The three editors, Edgar Jaffé, Werner Sombart, and Max Weber, write a joint statement of the journal’s approach. The first issue also carries Weber’s article, “The ‘Objectivity’ of Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy.”

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life September: Weber publishes his last arti­ cle on rural farm policy: “Agrarian-Statisti­ cal and Social-Political Considerations of the Prussian Commission on Entailed Es­ tates.” 30 August: Max and Marianne arrive by steamship in New York and stay five days. Journey onward to Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and North Tonawanda. September: Max and Marianne spend a week in Chicago visiting the stockyards, Hull House, the University of Chicago, Northwestern University. (p. xxiii)

St. Louis, Oklahoma, Knoxville,

Mid-September: Weber is member of the German delegation to Congress of Arts and Science and gives lecture on the effect of

Mount Airy, Boston,

capitalism on agricultural development in Europe and America. Meets and corre­

New York Heidelberg

sponds with W. E. B. Du Bois. End of September: Max visits Oklahoma and Indian Territories and travels on to New Orleans and Tuskegee. October: Max and Marianne stay with rela­ tives (Millers) in Knoxville and Mount Airy. Continue on to Washington, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. End of October–early November: Harvard University library. Meets William James. November: Columbia University library. 19 November departure. November: Publishes Part One of “The Protestant Ethic and the ‘Spirit’ of Capital­ ism” in the Archive.

1905

Heidelberg Mannheim

Weber starts learning Russian to follow the Russian Revolution in the newspapers. June: Part Two of “Protestant Ethic” pub­ lished in Archive. November: Second essay on “Roscher and Knies and the Logical Problems of Histori­ cal Economics.”

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life September: Attends Association of Social Policy, which debates “The Situation of Workers in the Private Giant Industries.” 1906

Heidelberg Palermo, Si­ cily

January: Publishes third and final essay on Roscher and Knies. February: “Critical Studies in the Logic of the Cultural Studies” published in the Archive. February: “The Situation of Constitutional Democracy in Russia” published in the Archive (also translated into Russian). April: Articles on churches and sects in North America published in Frankfurter Zeitung and The Christian World. August: Publishes “Russia’s Transition to Pseudo-democracy” in the Archive. October–November: Convalescent stay to­ gether with Marianne and Helene Weber in Sicily and Capri, Italy.

1907

Heidelberg Lake Como,

February: Publishes “Stammler’s ‘Over­ coming’ of the Materialist Conception of

Italy Heidelberg

History” in the Archive. March: Convalesces in Italian lakes accom­

Oerling­ hausen

panied by Marianne. Weber is prescribed opiate-derived drugs for continuing insom­ nia and depression. Weber uses long vaca­ tions to detoxify from drug regimen. July: First of four replies, published in the Archive, to the critical reviews of the Protestant Ethic written by the teacher Karl H. Fischer and the historian Felix Rachfahl. Last reply appeared in Septem­ ber 1910. July: Marianne and Max Weber attend the funeral of Carl David Weber in Oerling­ hausen. Marianne inherits a seventh share of the family linen business.

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life

(p. xxiv)

Hei­

delberg

1908

French and Italian Riv­ iera Jena, Thuringia, Germany Oerling­ hausen Heidelberg

September: Weber pens long rejection let­ ter of article submitted via Dr. Else Jaffé to the Archive. The article was written by Dr. Otto Gross, a proponent of libertarian psy­ choanalysis and anarchism. March and April: Convalescent trip. September: Weber participates in the Se­ cond Conference of German University Lecturers. Weber argues against political and religious discrimination in academic careers and for lecturers to adhere to the standards of academic knowledge. September–October: Weber investigates the organization and attitudes of the work­ force in linen industry. This research is published in four parts in the Archive over 1908–1909 as “The Psychophysics of Indus­ trial Labor.” November: Weber attends a political meet­ ing of the National Liberals. He argues for replacement of German imperial dynastic rule by parliamentary government on Eng­ lish and Belgian lines. December: Co-founder of the German Soci­ ety for Sociology. Weber is treasurer until January 1911, and he resigns from society in January 1914.

1909

Heidelberg Lake Mag­ giore, Italy Heidelberg

January: Weber, after hesitation, finally signs with the publisher Paul Siebeck to become the lead editor in a completely new edition of Schoenberg’s Handbook of Politi­ cal Economy, which is renamed Basic Out­ line of Social Economics. The handbook was published in nine volumes from 1914 to 1930 with some forty authors. Weber’s own contribution to the handbook was Economy and Society, which appeared posthumously in 1921–1922. April: Convalescent trip. June: Weber becomes associate member of the Heidelberg Academy of the Sciences.

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life June: Weber criticizes the natural philoso­ phy of the chemist Wilhelm Ostwald in the Archive.

(p. xxv)

1910

Vienna, Aus­ tro-Hungary Venice, Italy Leipzig

September: Attends Association of Social Policy conference, speaks in debates on en­ terprises and productivity, and mounts an attack with his brother Alfred on the bu­ reaucratic serfdom of state socialism. October: Short trip with Marianne Weber and Edgar and Else Jaffé. October: Weber participates in the Third Conference of German University Lectur­ ers and argues for open selection criteria for appointment of lecturers.

Heidelberg

April: Max and Marianne move to the Fall­

England Frankfurt

enstein villa on the north bank of the Neckar. They hold their jour fixe on Sunday

am Main Heidelberg

afternoons, where Karl Jaspers, Georg Lukács, Ernst Bloch, Friedrich Gundolf, and other luminaries attend. August–September: Convalescent trip. October: First German Society for Sociolo­ gy conference. Weber outlines research project on the press. December: Weber takes out defamation ac­ tion against the lecturer Arnold Ruge. Mul­ tiple court cases were held over 1911 and 1912; Weber finally won his case, and Dr Ruge was removed from the university. We­ ber, however, was forced to withdraw from the press research project.

1911

Dresden, Saxony, Ger­ many

October: Weber participates in the Fourth Conference for German University Lectur­ ers. In debate Weber controversially at­ tacks the malign influence of the Ministeri­ al Director at the Prussian Ministry of Edu­ cation, Friedrich Althoff.

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Chronology of Max Weber’s Life 1912

Bayreuth and Munich, Bavaria Berlin

August: The Webers attend Wagner con­ certs accompanied by the musicia