The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo, Egypt 9781463216627

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo, Egypt

Gorgias Handbooks

13 Series Editor George Anton Kiraz

The Gorgias Handbooks series provides students and scholars with textbooks and reference books useful for the classroom and for research.

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo, Egypt

Compiled by

S. Brown With the Assistance of

Aida el-Sayed

9

34 2009

Gorgias Press LLC, 180 Centennial Ave., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2009 by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2009

‫ܝ‬

9

ISBN 978-1-60724-014-3

ISSN 1935-6838

The plates can be downloaded from www.gorgiaspress.com. To reach the book page, please search for "Brown Ostraca."

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The ostraca of the Coptic Museum in Old Cairo, Egypt / compiled by S. Brown, Aida el-Sayed. p. cm. -- (Gorgias handbooks ; 13) 1. Coptic language--Texts. 2. Ostraka. 3. Mathaf al-Qibti (Cairo, Egypt)--Catalogs. I. Brown, S. Kent. II. Sayed, Aida. III. Mathaf al-Qibti (Cairo, Egypt) PJ2194.O78 2009 493'.2--dc22 2009042083 Printed in the United States of America

Table of Contents List of Abbreviations Introduction The Descriptions

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List of Abbreviations

BIFAO = Bulletin de l’Institut français d’Archéologie orientale.

Adv. Haer. = Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses.

Annales = Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte. BSAC = Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie copte.



CG = W. E. Crum, Catalogue Général des Antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire: Coptic Monuments (Cairo: Government Press, 1902).



CO = W. E. Crum, Coptic Ostraca: From the Collections of the Egypt Exploration Fund, the Cairo Museum and Others (London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1902).



Douch = Hélène Cuvigny and Guy Wagner, Les Ostraca grecs de Douch (O. Douch), Fascicle I (1-57), Documents de Fouilles, Tome XXIV (Cairo: L’Institut français d’Archéologie orientale, 1986).



Douch II = H. Cuvigny and G. Wagner, Les Ostraca grecs de Douch (O. Douch), Fascicule II (58-183), Documents de Fouilles, Tome XXIV/2 (Cairo: L’Institut français d’Archéologie orientale, 1988).



Epiph. = W. E. Crum and H. G. Evelyn White, The Monastery of Epiphanius at Thebes, part II (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1926).



Varia = W. E. Crum, Varia Coptica: Texts, Translations, Indexes (Aberdeen: The University Press, 1939).



ZAS = Zeitschrift für ägyptischer Sprache und Altertumskunde.



ZDPV = Zeitschrift der Deutschen Palästina-Vereins.

Introduction The 1,127 ostraca in the collection of the Coptic Museum consist of wooden tablets, limestone chips, bones and earthenware sherds—or shards—that have served for writing purposes. In most instances, the sherds were not part of a still complete ceramic piece when a scribe wrote on them. All such writing surfaces, for the purposes of Coptology, are called ostraca. The word ostracon is the singular term. Generally, in other fields of ancient studies, the word ostraca points only to texts written on sherds. But in Coptology the term carries broader application. The word ostracon goes back to the root which lies at the base of the English verb “to ostracize” and the noun “ostracism.” One may ask, what do these two latter terms, that refer to the act of excluding, have to do with writing found on broken pieces of pottery or on bone or on limestone chips? The answer is, a good deal. The term ostracon is Greek in origin and, in its basic meaning, it refers to an earthenware pot. It can also mean a potsherd, or broken fragment of a pot. And, as I have explained, it is in this latter sense that one finds the term. But there is more to the word, as I have hinted, because by it one means not only a potsherd but especially a potsherd that has been written or drawn on. This meaning, too, is derived from the classical world since the word ostracon also came to refer to the potsherds used as ballots when a specific type of issue was under consideration in the Athenian assembly: namely, the question whether to ostracize a certain person or not. The Greek infinitive ostrakizein meant “to banish by potsherds.” It is from this meaning that the English word “ostracism” derives it sense. In the modern archaeological sense, the word ostracon refers simply to potsherds that have served as writing or drawing surfaces. Uniquely in Egypt, however, the definition of the word ostracon has had to be broadened because, up and down the Nile Valley, at least three other substances have been used

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for writing purposes that do not qualify as papyri or parchment, the other customary writing surfaces of antiquity. The additional substances that have survived in Egypt are wooden slats, bones and chips of limestone. I have seen only two examples of bones that have been used as writing surfaces (nos. 4525, 4526). Both are on display in the Coptic Museum. A preference for small limestone slabs became fairly widespread, both in the pharaonic and Coptic periods, that is, before Alexander the Great came to Egypt in 332 b.c. and after the rise of Byzantine influence some seven centuries or so later. The scribes during the intervening Ptolemaic and Roman eras, as far as I am aware, completely ignored limestone as a writing material. And, to my knowledge, no one knows why. It is possible, of course, that Greek and Roman scribes recognized the principal deficiency of employing limestone as a writing surface: the ink, consisting of lampblack mixed with iron oxide, does not penetrate the surface of the rock and thus can be rubbed or washed off. The surfaces of pottery and wood, on the other hand, absorb ink to a certain extent and this quality even allows the occasional recovery of a faded text. Yet despite this deficiency in limestone, later Coptic scribes turned to it frequently for writing official documents, both ecclesiastical and public. Evidently, it was regarded more highly than pottery for such purposes. Concerning ostraca written in Greek, almost uniformly such texts are economic in their makeup. A notable exception is formed by the series of mostly Greek ostraca in the Coptic Museum whose number is 11763. Many are not economic in character. In a different vein, ostraca written in Coptic deal with a surprisingly wide variety of subjects that arose in daily life in Egypt. Briefly, the kinds of texts that make up the collection of ostraca at the Coptic Museum consist of biblical texts, portions of sermons, ecclesiastic documents, legal and commercial texts, lists and accounts, and also personal letters that reflect a very wide range of concerns. The following overview is based on published documents. Of the biblical texts, more than half of the pieces quote passages from the Psalms. Why? Quite clearly, worship formed a major interest for the Copts in the Byzantine era, the age in which most of the ostraca originated. The lists and accounts inventory almost everything under the sun: money paid, goods sold or delivered, names of persons and places, books, churches, months, and so on. One thing caught my eye in a published text: there was a list of animals and their character (no. 4390). Possibly



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such a thing was drawn up in a school or classroom setting. Another list concerned itself with a series of Greek words and their opposites, along with the corresponding Coptic terms (CO, no. 434). This text may also have been used for study, or perhaps served as an aid for a scribe required to write in both Greek and Coptic. A third list, currently on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, tabulates one person’s property. For instance, among the books owned by the individual were two copies of the Psalter, the Old Testament books of Joshua, Judges, Proverbs and Job, as well as a copy of the life of Chrysaphius the Ethiopian. The person’s clothes included a monk’s habit, sixteen robes, and twenty-seven pairs of grave clothes. Other items ranged from six bronze kettles and a cauldron to eight damaged finger rings, fourteen blankets, and a crown lamp from a church that had six cups for oil. Evidently, this list inventories the wealth of a person officially connected to the church either for his heirs or for tax purposes (CO, no. 459). In the homilies or sermons, the most frequent form of address is that of exhortation: “Do this . . . Do that . . . .” (nos. 4349; 4352; 4530.54 and 4531.15; 4530.107). In one instance, the exhortation was needed because a serious schism had arisen in the congregation to whom the ostracon’s message was addressed (no. 4353). In another text, an unnamed recipient was strongly urged to become a monk and give up the worldly life: “Become a son of the holy place,” it reads (CO, no. 15). The personal letters are among the most difficult to treat. Few stock formulae are employed in the letters and, additionally, the handwriting often borders on the illegible. Moreover, anything may be talked about—anything from marriage, divorce, and family-related issues to matters that involve either civil magistrates or ecclesiastical officials, or both. For example, a man named Pesynthius wrote a letter to a certain Bishop Abraham promising to take care of a debt for which the Bishop had been the financial guarantor. From the tenor of the letter, it is clear that the Bishop was pressuring the slothful Pesynthius to take care of his affairs, including payment of his debt. The letter even mentions the penalty interest that Pesynthius will owe Abraham if the debt is not soon settled: “a silver coin and five baskets of bronze coins” (CO, no. 129). In another letter, the writer urges a son to make peace with his mother with whom he has quarreled (no. 4466). One fairly common concern in these letters focuses on the poor: one person, on behalf of a poor individual, would write a letter of introduction

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to a rich or influential person asking for generosity to the poor individual. In one instance, a person solicits in a letter the goodwill of a prominent man that he in turn will write to two influential bishops on behalf of a poor farmer who has apparently lost his cattle and as a result cannot pay his taxes (Epiph., no. 165). In a number of cases, scriptural quotations are used to urge the recipient to action, whatever the occasion (cf. no. 4377). In one instance, a letter’s author quotes from the Old Testament apocryphal book Ecclesiasticus or the Wisdom of Ben Sira, an act that indicates the widespread authority of texts that were eventually excluded from the Old Testament canon (no. 4402). In such instances, it is possible to measure the authority of scripture in the workaday world, for appeals to scripture in a letter were clearly thought to carry weight with the recipient. Religious vows can have an impact on how life is lived, even to the payment of debts. In a particularly humorous letter, which names neither author nor recipient, one reads the following: “I tell you, things are in a very shameful state. You are harassing yourself in the desert and here the creditor is harassing me. The time has past when you should have paid your bill” (no. 4512). What happened, apparently, was that the recipient of the letter—soon after he had contracted a huge debt—suddenly made the solemn decision to become a cenobitic monk who lives by himself. He moved to the desert to carry out his vow. The writer was then bothered endlessly by the monk’s creditor and had even paid two years’ rent for his absent friend. The friend, according to the letter, had faithfully promised to return after one year, but already a year and one-half had passed since he had left. Pressures to make the final payment had become so great that the writer threatened that he would send the local church leader to drag him out of his cave if he did not soon return to pay his bill. The feature that often distinguishes legal and commercial texts from others is the appearance of the names of witnesses at the bottom of an ostracon. In a few instances, letters have all the characteristics of legal or commercial texts, but lack the signatures of witnesses. The commercial ostraca include such things as tax receipts, acknowledgements of loans of money (with the interest spelled out), wills, rental agreements, and even guarantees of protection to travelers from various village magistrates. Concerning tax receipts, this type of document is written exclusively on pottery. In fact, official tax receipts can almost always be spotted by their texture, shape and color. While many other ostraca are written on fairly



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crude clay which ranges from dark red to brown in color, tax receipts are written on smooth-surfaced, light-colored sherds which are generally triangular in shape. In addition, the texts are ligatured, that is, they are written in a rapid hand that connects the letters together, often making the text of the document difficult to read. One hundred years ago, the British Orientalist Walter Ewing Crum published the text of a tax receipt which he suspected of being a forgery. The reason? The letters are distinct and are not connected to one another in the usual fashion. The forged receipt is for a major payment of taxes both by coin and by produce (CO, no. 170). One item has caught my eye among economic texts: fines levied by ecclesiastical officials. It is clear from one text that a bishop had threatened to fine the brother of an excommunicant when the brother sought to represent the excommunicated person’s case (no. 4385). Of course, this kind of threat raises the broader question about the role played by bishops and other clerics in the towns of Egypt. This issue comes strongly to the fore among ecclesiastical documents, texts which comprise a more or less official statement of a cleric on some matter, whether religious or secular. Episcopal edicts, circulars, homilies and letters fall within this general category. In these we see Church officials dealing with excommunicants, denying unruly and disobedient parishioners the right to celebrate Christian festivals, appointing others to take charge of churches, and settling questions on the amount of water to be mixed with wine in the cup of communion. In all of these instances— and more—we read that if the person does not do the will of the official, he does so at his peril; whereas if he is obedient he will be blessed by God and the angels (cf. nos. 4530.34; 4530.92; Epiph., nos. 51, 64). Here bishops and other ecclesiastical officials are seen as direct dispensers of heavenly gifts, arraying the hosts of heaven at their word in order to bless or curse the person in question. This awesome cosmic power does not spread merely over parishioners. It is also extended to civil magistrates who, if they dare to cross the will of God as embodied in the word of the bishop, will also feel the bishop’s enormous might. Many may be aware of the so-called ETMOULON ostraca found both in Egypt and in Jerusalem. It is a rare occurrence when Coptic ostraca turn up in Jerusalem. For several decades, the purpose of these ostraca remained a matter of debate. The discussion was brought to an end several years ago when it was discovered that the ostraca, which date to the ten-year Persian

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occupation in the early 7th century A.D., are receipts for grain delivered ETMOULON, a Coptic phrase meaning “to the mill,” for grinding and for subsequent shipment to Jerusalem during a time of serious famine (K. Galling, ZDPV 82 [1966]: 46–56.). I have noted a number of ostraca—primarily limestone chips or flakes—that were used as sketch pads. Apparently, an artist or painter would draw designs experimentally on these limestone pieces before applying the decoration to a more permanent surface such as a wall or a floor of a building. I have reached this preliminary conclusion based on the observation that such ornamentations are frequently found on the lower walls of ancient, ruined ecclesiastical buildings. ◀◆▶ The user of this volume will discover from the photographs that some ostraca were photographed more than once and other pieces were not photographed at all. This circumstance is due to an unfortunate incident that occurred several years ago. After photographing several hundred pieces, I took five rolls of undeveloped film to a film developing shop. In the developing process, most of the negatives were ruined by scratches and holes in the film. As soon as I discovered the difficulty, I began to rephotograph all of the pieces that I judged to have been affected. As one might expect, a certain amount of confusion ensued. In some instances, I was later able to recover the original photograph which was then added to those of my second—panicked—round of photographing. In several instances, those pieces that were not photographed have been published, a fact that I have noted. Hence, in such cases it will be possible for a person to consult the published version. Breaks in the sequence of numbers assigned to the ostraca are due to the acquisitions numbering policy of the Coptic Museum. In some cases, the missing number is assigned to a book in the library of the Museum, and in other cases it is assigned to another piece in the collection.

Acknowledgments In an effort such as this, credit goes to a number of persons. Early on, Mr. Gregory Murrey, Ms. Charlotte Pollard and Ms. Holly Horton helped assemble and computerize information on the individual pieces. Thereafter, Ms. Laura Holmstead formatted the information so that it is more easily accessible to the user of this volume. Mme. Aida Ibrahim elSayed was a patient fellow-worker in the whole process and provided the dimensions of the pieces. Dr. Gawdat Gabra, the former Director General of the Coptic Museum, encouraged this work and offered his influence and skills whenever they were needed. The generosity of the American Research Center in Egypt, Inc., and of the David M. Kennedy Center for International Relations at Brigham Young University during the initial and continuing stages of the project were essential. Moreover, I owe a deep debt of gratitude to Jacob Rawlins of the Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship at Brigham Young University for his efforts in designing and setting the type for the book. Naturally, I appreciate most the willingness of my wife Gayle to accompany me to Egypt when I began work on the ostraca. S. Kent Brown Brigham Young University July 30, 2008

The Descriptions C.M. No.: 2 | 3 / 22 | 4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Wooden slat. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 48.9 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top part of text is broken off. Ink is largely rubbed off, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 33, 225.

C.M. No.: 2 | 3 / 22 | 5. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: An account or receipt. Description: Wooden slat. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 16 columns of 6 lines each. Dimensions: 55.8 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left part of text may be lost. Ink is friable, faded, rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 33, 226.

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C.M. No.: 935. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: A burial tag belonging to Aurelius, also called Dioscorus. Description: Wooden slat. Text on both sides; rapid, semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 4 lines in Coptic on recto; 5 in Demotic on verso. Dimensions: 12.5 x 4.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. A hole is bored into one end. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3 4, 171; verso: 34, 172.

C.M. No.: 956. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: A burial tag; Greek on recto, Demotic on verso. Description: Wood is darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 2 lines visible on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 12.7 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: Surface of recto is soiled. Ink on verso is faded. A hole is bored into one end. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 34, 171; verso: 34, 172.

C.M. No.: 1006. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: An account. Description: Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; 7 columns; up to 13 lines per column. Dimensions: 42.4 x 19.0 cm. State of Conservation: Some of ink is rubbed off. Two holes are drilled in the top. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Not photographed.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 2566. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: The text of an Arabic stamp is repeated on one side. Description: Buff with white slip. Dimensions: 13.5 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: The sherd is broken off in the middle of one of the three visible stamp impressions. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 190.

C.M. No.: 3095. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: Wilhelm Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 60; cf. K. Galling, ZDPV 82 (1966): 46-56. Plate No.: 30, 173.

C.M. No.: 3096. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 12.5 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on right side. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 49. Plate No.: 30, 222.

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C.M. No.: 3097. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 15.1 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 53. Plate No.: 30.

C.M. No.: 3098. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. `Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 123, no. 42. Plate No.: 30, 173.

C.M. No.: 3099. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 9.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on lower left portion is faded. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 123, no. 45. Plate No.: 220, 222.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3100. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left and lower portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 54. Plate No.: 220, 222.

C.M. No.: 3101. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.2 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely rubbed off and faded. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 62. Plate No.: 221, 222.

C.M. No.: 3102. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is faded in bottom line. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 123, no. 46. Plate No.: 220, 222.

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C.M. No.: 3103. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.3 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is faded in bottom portion. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 58. Plate No.: 220, 222.

C.M. No.: 3104. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 9.7 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in top line. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 61. Plate No.: 219, 222.

C.M. No.: 3105. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description:  Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and smudged at the top. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 52. Plate No.: 219, 222.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3106. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 12.5 x 10.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is legible. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 55. Plate No.: 29, 218, 222.

C.M. No.: 3107. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.8 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of the text is broken off. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 122–23, no. 40. Plate No.: 173.

C.M. No.: 3108. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.7 x 12.8 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right edge of the text is broken off. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 59. Plate No.: 28.

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C.M. No.: 3109. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 10.3 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of the text is damaged. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 56. Plate No.: 29, 219, 222.

C.M. No.: 3110. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 10.3 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped off in last line. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 57. Plate No.: 218, 254.

C.M. No.: 3111. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 122–23, no. 41. Plate No.: 217, 254.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3112. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is slightly faded. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 50. Plate No.: 218, 254.

C.M. No.: 3113. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is faded and friable. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 51. Plate No.: 220, 254.

C.M. No.: 3114. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only the lower right portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 220.

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C.M. No.: 3115. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 7.3 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is broken off. Ink is chipped in places. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125, no. 63. Plate No.: 173.

C.M. No.: 3116. Object: Ostracon, Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.2 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 125–26, no. 64. Plate No.: 217, 254.

C.M. No.: 3117. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 9.8 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 123, no. 43. Plate No.: 221.



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C.M. No.: 3118. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.8 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped in places. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 123, no. 47. Plate No.: 220, 254.

C.M. No.: 3119. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 11.4 x 10.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: W. Hengstenberg, ZAS 66 (1931): 124, no. 48. Plate No.: 218, 255.

C.M. No.: 3120. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a devotional text; Osiris is mentioned; in Demotic. Description: Red-orange with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand in Demotic; 3 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 219, 255.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3121. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter dealing with ecclesiastical matters. Description: Red-orange with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 4 lines detectable. Dimensions: 13.9 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost entirely illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 28, 221, 255.

C.M. No.: 3122. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter concerning payment already made. Description: Red-orange with brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 12 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.3 x 9.9 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 29, 218, 257.

C.M. No.: 3123. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of items sold. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 15.7 x 17.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on right side. Publication Data: W. E. Crum, Varia Coptica, p. 48, no. 120. Plate No.: Not photographed.



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13

C.M. No.: 3124. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of exhortation. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 12.3 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped on left and central portions of the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 217, 255.

C.M. No.: 3125. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt for money paid, listing the witnesses. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.5 x 15.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge and upper right portion of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 29, 219, 255.

C.M. No.: 3126. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 15.1 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 29, 217, 255.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3127. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 218, 255.

C.M. No.: 3128. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 3 lines, plus ink from another at the bottom. Dimensions: 4.5 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 220, 257.

C.M. No.: 3129. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Cream, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.7 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only lower left portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 220, 257.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

15

C.M. No.: 3130. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 8.6 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: All but bottom line is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 221, 257.

C.M. No.: 3131. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt or account. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.5 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of the text is broken off. Ink is badly faded at top and third line is badly chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 29, 220, 257.

C.M. No.: 3132. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only lower right portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 221, 257.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3133. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.8 x 12.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is generally very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 217, 257.

C.M. No.: 3134. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.4 x 10.6 cm. State of Conservation: Upper portion of the text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 218, 257.

C.M. No.: 3135. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 7.8 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right corner is broken off. Ink is friable, chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 221, 257.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

17

C.M. No.: 3136. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 4 lines, plus an insertion between lines three and four. Dimensions: 12.0 x 12.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 217, 257.

C.M. No.: 3137. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 10 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.8 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: The right side of the text is lost. The ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 219, 223, 256.

C.M. No.: 3138. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt or account. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.4 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only upper right portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 219, 223, 256.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3139. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Orange with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.9 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only bottom right portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 219, 223, 256.

C.M. No.: 3140. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Red-brown, beige slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand;; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.1 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and right portions of the text are broken off. The ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 223, 256.

C.M. No.: 3141. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Cream with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 7.2 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only the lower left corner of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 223, 256.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

19

C.M. No.: 3142. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: ETMOULON ostracon. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 4.8 x 11.8 cm. State of Conservation: The right side of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 223, 256.

C.M. No.: 3143. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Prayer about Jesus’ crucifixion. Description: Red-orange, cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.3 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Ink is friable, chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 223, 256.

C.M. No.: 3144. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.5 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Upper portion of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 223, 256.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3145. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt or commercial agreement; in Arabic. Description: Red-orange. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand in Arabic; 6 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 9.7 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 28.

C.M. No.: 3146. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account or receipt. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 5 lines plus a signature. Dimensions: 7.0 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 30, 223, 256.

C.M. No.: 3147. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-brown. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.1 x 9.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 224, 256.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

21

C.M. No.: 3148. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; small hand; ligatures; 2 lines discernable. Dimensions: 10.8 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 224.

C.M. No.: 3149. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Buff. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.5 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of the text is broken off. Ink is faded, friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 30, 223, 256.

C.M. No.: 3150. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; ligatures; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.8 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is generally faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 19, 30, 224, 256.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3151. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: “The Hymn of the Three Young Men” (Additions to Daniel); in Greek. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 28 lines. Dimensions: 18.0 x 22.3 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Yassā Abd al-Masī, BSAC 12 (1946): 1–15, plus 1 plate. Plate No.: 19.

C.M. No.: 3533. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: A treatise. Description: Rectangular wooden slat. Text on both sides; skilled hand; ligatures; 13 lines on recto, 14 on verso. Dimensions: 41.2 x 18.9 cm. State of Conservation: Two connecting pieces. Soiled. Ink is washed off, faded. Two holes are drilled in the bottom. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 147; verso: 148.

C.M. No.: 3551. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; ink from 2 lines is visible. Dimensions: 7.7 x 6.3 cm. State of Conservation: Surface of piece was scratched. Ink is faded, scratched off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 190.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

23

C.M. No.: 3582. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter authorizing payment. Description: Red-orange with beige slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.2 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is broken off. Bottom line is erased. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 224, 258.

C.M. No.: 3583. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.4 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped on right side of text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 224, 256.

C.M. No.: 3584. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Israel son of Peter. Description: Red-orange with yellow slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 12 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded on the right side of the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 224, 258.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3585. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Orange-brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 224, 258.

C.M. No.: 3586. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pink slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines detectable. Dimensions: 14.6 x 15.4 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken off in upper right and upper left corners. Ink is chipped off and largely illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 229.

C.M. No.: 3587. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Light brown, ribbed. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible on recto, 4 lines detectable on verso. Dimensions: 8.7 x 6.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of text on recto are lost. Ink on verso is illegible; on recto, it is faded near the edges. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 20, 224, 258; verso: 20.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

25

C.M. No.: 3588. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list, including names of Old Testament books. Description: Red-brown, with cream slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.9 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 229.

C.M. No.: 3589. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange, ribbed, with cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.0 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 229.

C.M. No.: 3590. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-brown. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible; traces of ink on verso. Dimensions: 11.8 x 14.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in bottom two lines. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 20, 230; verso: 229.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3591. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about burials. Description: Red-orange with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 14.3 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left and lower right portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 28.

C.M. No.: 3592. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Orange, with cream slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.8 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 229.

C.M. No.: 3593. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.4 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top, bottom, and right sides of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 229.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

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C.M. No.: 3594. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about undelivered goods. Description: Brown, with green slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.6 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 229.

C.M. No.: 3595. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 6.8 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top, bottom and right sides of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 20, 229.

C.M. No.: 3596. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand on recto, semi-skilled hand on verso; 7 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 15.2 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is erased at top of recto, faded in the center of verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 20, 230; verso: 20, 231.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 3906. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Text of Arabic stamp is repeated on one side. Description: Brown; part of a rim. Two impressions on one side. Dimensions: 19.7 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: The piece is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 190.

C.M. No.: 4326. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A widow’s petition. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides and bottom edge; skilled hand; 16 lines on recto, 17 on verso, 2 on bottom edge. Dimensions: 16.5 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom of recto is broken off. Ink of verso is largely illegible near edges, blotted badly near bottom. Publication Data: J. Drescher, BSAC 10 (1944): 91–96. Plate No.: Recto: 176; verso: 177.

C.M. No.: 4346. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Hello to Ananias and others about items lent. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides and bottom edge; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 16.5 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Lower edge of verso is broken off. Ink of verso is largely illegible near left edge, and soiled badly near center. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 340, and described in CG, no. 8106. Plate No.: Recto: 176; verso: 177.



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C.M. No.: 4347. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 18.7 x 11.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on recto and smudged on verso. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 227, and described in CG, no. 8107. Plate No.: Recto: 230; verso: 231.

C.M. No.: 4348. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 14.8 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 343, and described in CG, no. 8108. Plate No.: Recto: 21; verso: 20.

C.M. No.: 4349. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter or hortatory homily. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 20 lines detectable on recto, 10 on verso. Dimensions: 22.7 x 14.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink has been washed off of recto and is illegible; right portion of text of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 12, and described in CG, no. 8109. Plate No.: Recto: 21, 230; verso: 21, 231.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4350. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 14.5 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of text of recto are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 100, and described in CG, no. 8111. Plate No.: Verso: 232.

C.M. No.: 4351. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 13.9 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right and lower portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 368, and described in CG, no. 8112. Plate No.: Not photographed.

C.M. No.: 4352. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Extract from Shenoute’s Didaskalia on idolatry. Description: White. Text on both sides, one edge; skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 15 on verso, and 4 on upper edge. Dimensions: 10.4 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 13, and described in CG, no. 8113. Plate No.: Verso: 232.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

31

C.M. No.: 4353. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An extract from a homily or letter. Description: White. Text on both sides and on all 4 edges; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 13 on verso, 4 lines on 2 edges, 3 on the third and 2 on the remaining edge. Dimensions: 10.1 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 14, and described in CG, no. 8114. Plate No.: Verso: 232.

C.M. No.: 4354. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Beginning of Psalm 68. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, one on verso. Dimensions: 8.1 x 14.2 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left portion of text of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8115. Plate No.: Recto: 21, 230; verso: 21.

C.M. No.: 4355. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Extract from Irenaeus’ report of Polycarp (Adv. Haer. 3.3.4). Description: White. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 12 lines on verso. Dimensions: 8.9 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of recto is broken off. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 23, and described in CG, no. 8117. Plate No.: Not photographed.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4356. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter from Victor concerning Abraham’s property and will. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand with ligatures; 16 lines on recto, 16 lines on verso. Dimensions: 8.9 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of recto is lost. Ink of verso is chipped in spots. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 132, and described in CG, no. 8118. Plate No.: Verso: 21.

C.M. No.: 4357. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Psalm 78:15–17. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 12 lines visible on recto, 3 lines visible on verso. Dimensions: 6.2 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text on verso is broken off. Ink is chipped and friable. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8119. Plate No.: Recto: 21, 258; verso: 21, 232.

C.M. No.: 4358. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter to Theodora the baker. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 13 lines detectable on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 9.2 x 13.7 cm. State of Conservation: Soiling of piece has made text virtually illegible. Publication Data: Recto is published in CO, no. 328; described in CG, no. 8120. Plate No.: Recto: 21; verso: 21, 232, 258.



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33

C.M. No.: 4359. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter to Pesenthios about a donkey and goods to be sent. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 11 lines on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 9.3 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink near bottom edge is chipped on both sides. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 228, and described in CG, no. 8121. Plate No.: Not photographed.

C.M. No.: 4360. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Ezekiel’s promise of better behavior. Description: White. Text on both sides, 2 edges; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 8 on verso, and 3 on each edge. Dimensions: 8.2 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left part of text of verso is chipped off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 294, and described in CG, no. 8122. Plate No.: Recto: 258; verso: 232.

C.M. No.: 4361. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Extract from the “Gnomes” attached to the canons of Nicea. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides, one edge; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 15 on verso, and 2 on edge. Dimensions: 12.6 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left edge and upper right portion of text of recto are broken off. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 16, and described in CG, no. 8123. Plate No.: Recto: 260.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4362. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: The repeated phrase “God has spoken from his Holy Temple.” Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 4 lines detectable on verso. Dimensions: 11.2 x 12.8 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left portion of text of recto is broken off. Ink is badly smudged on verso. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8124. Plate No.: Recto: 21, 258; verso: 21, 232.

C.M. No.: 4363. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An end to a letter. Description: White, soiled, scorched. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 14.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 101, and described in CG, no. 8125. Plate No.: 260.

C.M. No.: 4364. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Prayer for forgiveness of sin. Description: White. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines plus an insertion below lines 3 and 4. Dimensions: 8.5 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped and friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 275, and described in CG, no. 8126. Plate No.: 260.



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35

C.M. No.: 4365. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 12 on verso. Dimensions: 11.4 x 12.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded on verso. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 236, and described in CG, no. 8127. Plate No.: Recto: 260.

C.M. No.: 4366. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Beginning of a letter; an account; a beginning of another letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side, top edge; 10 lines from possibly 3 hands: first hand (5 lines) is skilled; second (3 lines) is rapid, ligatured; third is small, skilled. Dimensions: 11.6 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8128. Plate No.: 21, 260.

C.M. No.: 4367. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Elias regarding delivery and payment of suits. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 8 lines on recto, 7 lines on verso. Dimensions: 16.2 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on recto and is chipped in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 403, and described in CG, no. 8129. Plate No.: Not photographed.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4368. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Psalm 91:11-12. Description: White. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.6 x 4.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8130. Plate No.: 21, 260.

C.M. No.: 4369. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Beginning of Psalm 50. Description: White. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand on recto, doodling on verso; 12 lines. Dimensions: 11.1 x 11.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on recto. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8131. Plate No.: Recto: 260; verso: 21.

C.M. No.: 4370. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter lamenting departure of recipients. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; text on verso may be washed off; semi-skilled hand; 7 legible lines, 11 lines originally. Dimensions: 12.5 x 11.0 cm. State of Conservation: Center lines of text are blotted out. Ink at top is chipped. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8133. Plate No.: 21, 192.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

37

C.M. No.: 4371. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Elias about an approaching fast. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 1 on verso, plus traces of ink on one edge. Dimensions: 15.9 x 9.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and recto is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 101, and described in CG, no. 8134. Plate No.: Recto: 192.

C.M. No.: 4372. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Chiefly a series of names on recto; beginning of alphabet on verso. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides: recto has some text and other writing, verso was used for practicing; skilled hand; 6 lines on recto, of which two are unconnected; doodling on verso. Dimensions: 11.0 x 15.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text and doodling are legible. Publication Data: Published in part in CO, no. 25, and described in CG, no. 8135. Plate No.: Recto: 21, 192; verso: 21.

C.M. No.: 4373. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Ananias. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; unskilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 9.7 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of recto is broken off. Ink is chipped and friable. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8136. Plate No.: Recto: 21, 192; verso: 21.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4374. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Acts 27:9-11. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 14.0 x 13.2 cm. State of Conservation: Recto is soiled. Left edge of recto and top part of verso are lost. Ink is faded, friable, rubbed off. Publication Data: Verso is partly published in CO, no. 3; described in CG, no. 8137. Plate No.: Recto: 22, 192; verso: 22.

C.M. No.: 4375. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: The letter of Christ to Abgar. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 24 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 16.3 x 21.7 cm. State of Conservation: Soiling has obscured some of the text. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 22, and described in CG, no. 8138. Plate No.: Recto: 22, 234; verso: 22, 233.

C.M. No.: 4376. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that mentions John and Patermonte. Description: White, badly soiled. Text on both sides; two semiskilled hands; 9 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 17.0 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, friable and obscured by soiling. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8139. Plate No.: Recto: 22, 233; verso: 22, 234.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

39

C.M. No.: 4377. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Elias that recommends a friend. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 15.7 x 9.6 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion of recto is broken off; top edge of verso is lost. Ink is rubbed off and faded, especially on recto. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 258, and described in CG, no. 8140. Plate No.: Recto: 233; verso: 234.

C.M. No.: 4378. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter with request for charity; verso may have been used for practice. Description: White. Text on both sides; unskilled hand; 19 lines. Dimensions: 12.3 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Recto and top two lines of verso are published in CO, no. 259; described in CG, no. 8141. Plate No.: 22.

C.M. No.: 4379. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 10 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.5 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable, rubbed off, making most of the text illegible. Publication Data: Described in CO, no. 265, and in CG, no. 8142. Plate No.: 235.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4380. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 6 lines on verso. Dimensions: 14.3 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Edges of text on both sides are chipped. Ink is friable on recto. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 152, and described in CG, no. 8143. Plate No.: 235.

C.M. No.: 4381. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An account of a vision that mentions Cyril the bishop. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines visible on recto, 12 lines detectable on verso. Dimensions: 16.4 x 13.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on most of recto and bottom portion of verso is illegible. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 24, and described in CG, no. 8144. Plate No.: Recto: 22, 235; verso: 22, 236.

C.M. No.: 4382. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 14.7 x 14.0 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right edge of text seems to be lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 396, and described in CG, no. 8145. Plate No.: Not photographed.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

41

C.M. No.: 4383. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 14.7 x 18.8 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 329, and described in CG, no. 8146. Plate No.: 236.

C.M. No.: 4384. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Elias to Apa Makare. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 6 lines on recto, traces of several lines on verso. Dimensions: 16.7 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: Text of verso is illegible. Ink on verso is generally faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 102, and described in CG, no. 8148. Plate No.: Recto: 22, 176; verso: 22, 177.

C.M. No.: 4385. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Agreement of Ezekias with bishop Abraham about Ezekias’ brother. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 17.5 x 9.9 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 44, and described in CG, no. 8149. Plate No.: 22, 258.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4386. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A list of corn that was sent. Description: White. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 8.9 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top portions of text on each side are damaged. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 462, and described in CG, no. 8150. Plate No.: Recto: 237; verso: 238.

C.M. No.: 4387. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 9.3 x 5.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text is broken off. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 369, and described in CG, no. 8151. Plate No.: 237.

C.M. No.: 4388. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: At least 4 lines, written on a slightly different angle than the present text (lower on left to higher on right), were blotted out. Ink of present text is smudged in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8152. Plate No.: 22, 237.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

43

C.M. No.: 4389. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 11.8 x 18.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and is covered by a soiling agent. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 272, and described in CG, no. 8157. Plate No.: 237.

C.M. No.: 4390. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A list of animals. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 6.5 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 469, and described in CG, no. 8154. Plate No.: Recto: 238; verso: 237.

C.M. No.: 4391. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter concerning the payment of money. Description: White. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 13.1 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 268, and described in CG, no. 8155. Plate No.: Recto: 237; verso: 238.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4392. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Elias concerning a dispute. Description: White. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 15 lines on recto, 11 lines detectable on verso. Dimensions: 11.9 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and friable on recto and completely illegible on verso. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 370, and described in CG, no. 8157. Plate No.: Recto: 237; verso, 238.

C.M. No.: 4393. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Agreement that disolves a partnership. Description: White. Text on both sides; traces of ink on one edge; skilled hand; 14 lines on recto, 15 on verso, 2 on one edge. Dimensions: 12.9 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, especially on the recto and the edge. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 306, and described in CG, no. 8158. Plate No.: Recto: 239; verso: 240.

C.M. No.: 4394. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter concerning a payment to be made. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides plus one edge; skilled hand; 16 lines on recto, 16 on verso. Dimensions: 9.3 x 15.0 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 186, and described in CG, no. 8159. Plate No.: Recto: 239; verso: 240.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

45

C.M. No.: 4395. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An agreement. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 12.0 x 10.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 298, and described in CG, no. 8160. Plate No.: 239.

C.M. No.: 4396. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Sketch with the name Papnoute. Description: White, soiled. Sketch of man and child, along with a few letters, on one side. Monogram of Christ on right side. Dimensions: 15.8 x 13.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on bottom of piece is rinsed off. Letters at top of piece are partially broken off. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8161. Plate No.: 22.

C.M. No.: 4397. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Geometrical patterns. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side consisting of designs and a few letters. Dimensions: 23.3 x 16.5 cm. State of Conservation: Some of the ink has been rinsed off. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8162. Plate No.: 22.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4398. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names. Description: Brown with brown slip. Text on one side; large, skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 20.1 x 12.4 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Three connected fragments. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 445, and described in CG, no. 8163. Plate No.: 240.

C.M. No.: 4399. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to a superior. Description: Brown, ribbed, with traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 17 lines. Dimensions: 16.0 x 16.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 229, and described in CG, no.8164. Plate No.: 239.

C.M. No.: 4400. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isaac about a brother who had lost his blanket. Description: Brown. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 19 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 13.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in spots. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 243, and described in CG, no. 8165. Plate No.: Not photographed; ostracon is on permanent loan to the Port Said Museum.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

47

C.M. No.: 4401. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a law suit. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 22 lines. Dimensions: 10.8 x 14.6 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 315, and described in CG, no. 8166. Plate No.: 239.

C.M. No.: 4402. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning personal troubles. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 27 lines. Dimensions: 13.7 x 21.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 254, and described in CG, no. 8167. Plate No.: 241.

C.M. No.: 4403. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning repayment of a debt. Description: Red-orange, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 20 lines. Dimensions: 15.5 x 19.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 160, and described in CG, no. 8169. Plate No.: 241.

48

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4404. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of household utensils. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 17.3 x 16.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 472, and described in CG 8170. Plate No.: 152.

C.M. No.: 4405. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Pesynthios concerning the visit of a bishop. Description: Brown, buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines on recto, plus an insertion between lines 1 and 2; 5 lines on verso. Dimensions: 42.4 x 16.5 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 371, and described in CG, no. 8171. Plate No.: Recto: 23, 242; verso: 243.

C.M. No.: 4406. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one surface; semi-skilled hand with some ligatures; 14 lines. Dimensions: 8.5 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped and faded, especially at bottom. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 372, and described in CG, no. 8172. Plate No.: 242.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

49

C.M. No.: 4407. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from David. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 256, and described in CG, no. 8173. Plate No.: 175.

C.M. No.: 4408. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; 19 lines plus ink from another at the bottom. Dimensions: 14.1 x 16.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two connected fragments. Bottom portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 244, and described in CG, no. 8174. Plate No.: 174.

C.M. No.: 4409. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with some ligatures; 14 lines. Dimensions: 11.4 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off and faded, especially in center of text. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 205, and described in CG, no. 8175. Plate No.: 23, 242.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4410. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A legal or commercial document. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 17 lines visible. Dimensions: 16.8 x 18.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Ink is faded in lower lines. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8176. Plate No.: 243, 259.

C.M. No.: 4411. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization for planting. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 10.9 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off in lines 2, 5, 8, 10, and 12. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 206, and described in CG, no. 8177. Plate No.: 243, 259.

C.M. No.: 4412. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning grain to be sent. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 17 lines and ink of another at the bottom. Dimensions: 10.0 x 12.3 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion of text is broken off. Ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 257, and described in CG, no. 8178. Plate No.: 23, 243, 259.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

51

C.M. No.: 4413. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning an exchange of goods. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 17 lines. Dimensions: 13.0 x 15.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off and faded across the top two-thirds of the piece. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 342, and described in CG, no. 8179. Plate No.: 193.

C.M. No.: 4414. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Agreement between David and Elisaios. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 13.1 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 316, and described in CG, no. 8180. Plate No.: 243, 259.

C.M. No.: 4415. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A guarantee for the sale of grain. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 12.8 x 16.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and rubbed off at the top. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 230, and described in CG, no. 8181. Plate No.: Not photographed.

52

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4416. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 13.4 x 14.0 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right parts of text are lost. Ink is faded at the top. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 284, and described in CG, no. 8182. Plate No.: 193.

C.M. No.: 4417. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a garment and money matters. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 21 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 14.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of the text is lost. Ink is chipped and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 174, and described in CG, no. 8183. Plate No.: 193.

C.M. No.: 4418. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning the delivery of bread. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 380, and described in CG, no. 8184. Plate No.: 244, 259.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

53

C.M. No.: 4419. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: The beginning of a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 10.8 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 373, and described in CG, no. 8185. Plate No.: 23, 193.

C.M. No.: 4420. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Victor. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface; Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 9.5 x 17.1 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 374, and described in CG, no. 8186. Plate No.: 244, 259.

C.M. No.: 4421. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt. Description: Red with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off at the top. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 408, and described in CG, no. 8187. Plate No.: 244, 259.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4422. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A promise of protection. Description: Brown, ribbed, dark brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 15 lines. Dimensions: 11.7 x 13.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped off and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 111, and described in CG, no. 8188. Plate No.: 35, 244.

C.M. No.: 4423. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Boundaries of a threshing-floor. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 9.9 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 148, and described in CG, no. 8189. Plate No.: 193.

C.M. No.: 4424. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter from Tachom concerning business matters. Description: Cream with red slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 9.4 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8190. Plate No.: 23, 193.



The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

55

C.M. No.: 4425. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter concerning legal matters. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surfaces. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 19 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.7 x 15.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom right portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 314, and described in CG, no. 8191. Plate No.: 35, 244, 246.

C.M. No.: 4426. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning money matters. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surfaces. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 9.8 x 14.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, rubbed off, especially in center and left portions. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 181, and described in CG, no. 8192. Plate No.: 245.

C.M. No.: 4427. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Recto is a letter; verso is an apology. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 14 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 13.3 x 2.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top, upper left, lower right and lower left portions of text are lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, nos. 68 and 516; described in CG, no. 8193. Plate No.: Recto: 35, 244; verso: 245.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4428. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from an unknown author who defends his inaction. Description: Brown, with brown slip and pitch on back surfaces. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 20 lines. Dimensions: 15.2 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text is lost. Ink is friable and chipped off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 375, and described in CG, no. 8194. Plate No.: 245.

C.M. No.: 4429. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A document that pertains to bequeathed property. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 8 lines, with an insertion above line 1. Dimensions: 15.5 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 149, and described in CG, no. 8195. Plate No.: 244.

C.M. No.: 4430. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Araei to Elesaios and David, her brothers, about a legal affair. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surfaces. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 10.7 x 6.8 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Seven fragments. Ink is chipped and faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 207, and described in CG, no. 8196. Plate No.: 245.



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57

C.M. No.: 4431. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from an unknown person, extending compliments. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 7.2 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Right and lower portions of text are lost. Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 397, and described in CG, no. 8198. Plate No.: 245.

C.M. No.: 4432. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter referring to earlier correspondence. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.7 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right, bottom, and upper left portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8199. Plate No.: 23, 245.

C.M. No.: 4433. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names of men. Description: Red-orange,beige slip,pitch on back. Text on one side; two semi-skilled hands; ligatures; 12 lines and 7 lines respectively. Dimensions: 23.9 x 22.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged and faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 446, and described in CG, no. 8200. Plate No.: 23, 153.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4434. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Victor and another person concerning grain. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 16.7 x 12.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 204, and described in CG, no. 8201. Plate No.: 36, 246.

C.M. No.: 4435. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Iohannes concerning a theft, that mentions “the place of Apa Phoibamon.” Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 11.5 x 11.8 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Right edge of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 376, and described in CG, no. 8202. Plate No.: 35.

C.M. No.: 4436. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Presbeteros to Moses. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 13.3 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is mostly faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 245, and described in CG, no. 8203. Plate No.: 35, 246.



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C.M. No.: 4437. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Psalm 45:13. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 20.7 x 19.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8204 Plate No.: 23, 36, 246.

C.M. No.: 4438. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from David and Sina to Mechaias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines; insertions between lines 5, 6, 7. Dimensions: 10.6 x 14.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged and faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 377, and described in CG, no. 8205. Plate No.: 37, 246.

C.M. No.: 4439. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Debt acknowledgement by Markos. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 14.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 161, and described in CG, no. 8206. Plate No.: 247.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4440. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Jacob to Pesynthius about a reproach. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 11.6 x 11.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 378, and described in CG, no. 8207. Plate No.: 247.

C.M. No.: 4441. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Haron to Apa Helias. Description: Cream, ribbed, with traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 7.1 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left and bottom portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 330, and described in CG, no. 8208. Plate No.: 37.

C.M. No.: 4442. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Mēna. Description: Red-orange, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 10.8 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is legible. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 407, and described in CG, no. 8209. Plate No.: 247.



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C.M. No.: 4443. Subject: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of clothing. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 9.1 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged and faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 467, and described in CG, no. 8210. Plate No.: 247.

C.M. No.: 4444. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Psate to Iohannes concerning eleven packets of flax. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand with some ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 12.7 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in spots. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 341, and described in CG, no. 8212. Plate No.: 173.

C.M. No.: 4445. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to people of the church of Thagia Katholike from those of Maria about the words of a certain Phor. Description: Cream, red-orange slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 15.0 x 16.5 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Lower portion of text is broken off. Ink is smudged at top. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 292, and described in CG, no. 8213. Plate No.: 247.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4446. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A legal document. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 17.5 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of the text is lost. Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 150, and described in CG, no. 8214. Plate No.: 247.

C.M. No.: 4447. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A tabulation of money. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 12.0 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 452, and described in CG, no. 8216. Plate No.: 37.

C.M. No.: 4448. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names and figures. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on both surfaces; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 3 lines on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 11.1 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom line of verso is rubbed off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 447, and described in CG, no. 8217. Plate No.: 248.



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C.M. No.: 4449. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Acknowledgement of a debt. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 13 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 162, and described in CG, no. 8218. Plate No.: 39.

C.M. No.: 4450. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Phoibamon to bishop Antonius and to Helias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 11.5 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is lost. Ink is friable, rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 344, and described in CG, no. 8219. Plate No.: 37.

C.M. No.: 4451. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Repayment acknowledgement from the son of Ananias. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 12.9 x 15.2 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right and lower right corners of text are lost. Ink is largely rubbed off. The pottery is disintegrating. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 166, and described in CG, no. 8220. Plate No.: 152.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4452. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A portion of a homily or letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with red slip and traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 17.3 x 8.1 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Lower and right portions of text are lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 17, and described in CG, no. 8221. Plate No.: 248.

C.M. No.: 4453. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Pshere directing payment to an unnamed woman. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 19.6 x 18.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and smudged. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 188, and described in CG, no. 8222. Plate No.: 37.

C.M. No.: 4454. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Two letters, one on either side; one is from Apa Dios. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 6 lines plus ink from another at top of verso. Dimensions: 15.5 x 8.8 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Four connected fragments. Bottom right part of recto is lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 224, and described in CG, no. 8223. Plate No.: 37.



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C.M. No.: 4455. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A quotation, plus several lines of cryptographic writing. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 13.8 x 14.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and friable in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8224. Plate No.: 23, 151.

C.M. No.: 4456. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac from Apa Dios. Description: Cream, ribbed, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 8.5 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right portions are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 319, and described in CG, no. 8225. Plate No.: 248.

C.M. No.: 4457. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from David to Victor requesting money for a camel driver. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 19 lines. Dimensions: 15.4 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged and chipped in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 180, and described in CG, no. 8226. Plate No.: 248.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4458. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Opening of a letter. Description: Cream, ribbed, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; two hands, one skilled, one unskilled; 5 lines, 4 from the skilled hand, plus some doodling. Dimensions: 7.2 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 398, and described in CG, no. 8227. Plate No.: 38, 248.

C.M. No.: 4459. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter asking for money. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.9 x 12.3 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion of text is missing. Ink is difficult to read because of staining. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8229. Plate No.: 23, 248.

C.M. No.: 4460. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about the sale and delivery of sensen. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 22.2 x 19.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom parts of text are lost. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 187, and described in CG, no. 8230. Plate No.: Not photographed.



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C.M. No.: 4461. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A loan acknowledgment by Paul of Jême addressed to Iohannes. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 15.4 x 19.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 168, and described in CG, no. 8231. Plate No.: Not photographed.

C.M. No.: 4462. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph of Jême to Matthius. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines, plus ink from another at the bottom. Dimensions: 10.0 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is lost. Surface is soiled on right side. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 117, and described in CG, no. 8234. Plate No.: 250.

C.M. No.: 4463. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A property deed or will. Description: Cream, ribbed, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 8.5 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right and top portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 144, and described in CG, no. 8235. Plate No.: 250.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4464. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Epitaph of Chaeremon, monk of Tsê. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 17.3 x 16.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 492, and described in CG, no. 8240. Plate No.: 151.

C.M. No.: 4465. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a homily. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 42 lines. Dimensions: 27.9 x 27.2 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Ink is faded, friable; almost nothing can be read from bottom piece. Right side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, nos. 163 and 182, and described in CG, nos. 8243 and 8244. Plate No.: A and B: 23, 249; C: 23, 250.

C.M. No.: 4466. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a dispute over property. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; two hands, one semi-skilled, one skilled; 13 lines. Dimensions: 11.6 x 14.0 cm.; 8.2 x 14.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top and central portions of the text are lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 381, and described in CG, no. 8245. Plate No.: 250.



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C.M. No.: 4467. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account with sums of money. Description: Brown with yellow slip. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 15.5 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Upper and left portions are broken off. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Left column is published in CO, no. 453, and entire piece is described in CG, no. 8249. Plate No.: 23, 252.

C.M. No.: 4468. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Signatures on a legal document; one was from Latopolis. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 11.2 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 392, and described in CG, no. 8251. Plate No.: 250.

C.M. No.: 4469. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Bible excerpts, followed by a line of cryptographic writing. Description: Brown, buff slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 7 lines, plus geometric figures and a line of cryptographic writing visible at the bottom. Dimensions: 10.7 x 13.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions are broken off. Ink is faded at top. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8252. Plate No.: 23, 252.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4470. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: The words may refer to contents of the jar from which the shard came. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 19.2 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Three connected fragments. Ink is faded in middle portion. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 495, and described in CG, no. 8254. Plate No.: 251.

C.M. No.: 4471. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An excommunication document. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 10 lines, plus ink of another at top. Dimensions: 11.6 x 13.0 cm. State of Conservation: Upper portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 78, and described in CG, no. 8255. Plate No.: 251.

C.M. No.: 4472. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A document that concerns the date of a festival. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 18 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 13.9 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 103, and described in CG, no. 8257. Plate No.: 251.



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C.M. No.: 4473. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Ecclesiastical calendrical matters. Description: Orange-brown. Text on both sides; rapid, skilled hand; 15 lines on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 11.9 x 12.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Recto is published in CO, no. 27, and entire piece is described in CG, no. 8258. Plate No.: Recto: 251; verso: 23, 252.

C.M. No.: 4474. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of objects. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 15.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is lost. Ink is faded on right side. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 454, and described in CG, no. 8259. Plate No.: 251.

C.M. No.: 4475. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names and sums of money. Description: Red-brown with red slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 12.0 x 12.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8260. Plate No.: 23, 253.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4476. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Paham to Pesynte. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and lower right portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 345, and described in CG, no. 8261. Plate No.: 253.

C.M. No.: 4477. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Martyria, Tarshe and Sena. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 14 lines; insertion between lines 3 and 4. Dimensions: A: 11.7 x 10.0 cm; B: 9.9 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 167, and described in CG, no. 8262. Plate No.: 253.

C.M. No.: 4478. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Bartholo[maios] from David. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 8 lines on recto, 1 on verso. Dimensions: 8.6 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of text of recto are broken off. Ink is chipped on recto. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 382, and described in CG, no. 8264. Plate No.: 253.



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C.M. No.: 4479. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Shenetom son of Abraham. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 13 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 9.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 410, and described in CG, no. 8266. Plate No.: 253.

C.M. No.: 4480. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Victōr son of Mōses. Description: Brown with yellow slip. Text on both sides; rapid, ligatured hand; 13 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.3 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8267. Plate No.: 23, 253.

C.M. No.: 4481. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Phoibamon son of Pises. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 12 lines. Dimensions: 11.2 x 13.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in spots. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 413, and described in CG, no. 8268. Plate No.: 252.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4482. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Victor son of Samuel. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 9.9 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right portion of text is broken off. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 423, and described in CG, no. 8269. Plate No.: 252.

C.M. No.: 4483. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Dios son of Solomon. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 11.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on left side. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8270. Plate No.: 23, 252.

C.M. No.: 4484. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Georgios son of Antonios. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 13 lines. Dimensions: 5.5 x 9.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded at bottom. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 414, and described in CG, no. 8271. Plate No.: 252.



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C.M. No.: 4485. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Jeremias son of Athanasios. Description: Brown with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 16 lines. Dimensions: 6.0 x 13.4 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 415, and described in CG, no. 8272. Plate No.: 38.

C.M. No.: 4486. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Joannes son of Paam. Description: Brown with yellow slip. Text on both sides; rapid, ligatured hand; 9 lines on recto, 1 line on verso. Dimensions: 8.2 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Some of text is obscured by soiling. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8273. Plate No.: 23, 38.

C.M. No.: 4487. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Patermoute son of Elisaios. Description: Cream with red-orange slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.8 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on left side and friable near bottom. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8274. Plate No.: 24, 194.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4488. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Pachom. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 11.1 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 411, and described in CG, no. 8275. Plate No.: 194.

C.M. No.: 4489. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Pisrael son of Pesynthius. Description: Brown with yellow slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.8 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Text is totally faded in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8276. Plate No.: 24, 194.

C.M. No.: 4490. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Mena son of Paam. Description: Red-orange with beige slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 9.1 x 9.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded, especially on the sides. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8277. Plate No.: 24, 194.



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C.M. No.: 4491. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Senetom son of Deos. Description: Cream with light cream slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 7.9 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 421, and described in CG, no. 8278. Plate No.: 194.

C.M. No.: 4492. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Johannes son of Pesynthius. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.8 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left corner of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 416, and described in CG, no. 8279. Plate No.: 194.

C.M. No.: 4493. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Daniel son of Isidorus. Description: Brown, buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 9.1 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8280. Plate No.: 24, 194.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4494. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Joannes son of Paam. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 12 lines. Dimensions: 6.9 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Surface of text is soiled. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 418, and described in CG, no. 8281. Plate No.: 194.

C.M. No.: 4495. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Pachom. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 8 lines, plus ink from another at the bottom. Dimensions: 8.7 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 412, and described in CG, no. 8282. Plate No.: 194.

C.M. No.: 4496. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Philamon son of Joseph. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 7.5 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 422, and described in CG, no. 8283. Plate No.: 39.



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C.M. No.: 4497. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Daniel son of Joannes. Description: Light cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.7 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8284. Plate No.: 24, 38.

C.M. No.: 4498. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Apa Kyri[..] son of Epiphanius. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 15.2 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of text is broken off. Ink is friable and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 417, and described in CG, no. 8285. Plate No.: Recto: 38.

C.M. No.: 4499. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Joseph son of Solomon. Description: Light cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 6.5 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 420, and described in CG, no. 8286. Plate No.: 39.

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C.M. No.: 4500. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Sourous son of Epiphanius. Description: Brown with yellow slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.2 x 4.9 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right portion is lost. Ink is friable and largely illegible. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8287. Plate No.: 24, 38.

C.M. No.: 4501. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Pesynthios son of Tikone. Description: Light brown with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 7.4 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion is broken off. Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8288. Plate No.: 24, 38.

C.M. No.: 4502. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Joseph son of Isaac. Description: Red-brown, buff slip. Text on both sides; rapid, ligatured hand; 13 lines on recto, a name alone on verso. Dimensions: 4.7 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8289. Plate No.: Recto: 24, 38; verso: 24.



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C.M. No.: 4503. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Stephanougios son of Kost. Description: Red-brown, yellow slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 8 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and soiled. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8290. Plate No.: 24, 38.

C.M. No. 4504. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt written by Longinos. Description: Red-brown with yellow slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 6.7 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Upper and right portions are broken off. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8291. Plate No.: 24, 39.

C.M. No.: 4505. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An order which begins, “The word of God to you....” Description: Brown, buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 5.6 x 2.3 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right portion of text is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 113, described in CG, no. 8292. Plate No.: 39.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4506. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Psamo son of Kostantinos. Description: Red-brown, buff slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 16.0 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in middle of the text. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 406, described in CG, no. 8293. Plate No.: 38.

C.M. No.: 4507. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about harvesting dates. Description: Red-brown with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 13.4 x 10.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very faded, especially in the middle. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8294. Plate No.: 24.

C.M. No.: 4508. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Petros son of Pesynthios. Description: Cream with light brown slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 6.9 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left corner of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 424, described in CG, no. 8295. Plate No.: 39.



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C.M. No.: 4509. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Dios son of Solomon. Description: Buff, cream slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.2 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom line is badly faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no 426, described in CG, no. 8296. Plate No.: 39.

C.M. No.: 4510. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Kyrillos son of Solomon. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.5 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 425, described in CG, no. 8297. Plate No.: 39.

C.M. No.: 4511. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: List of daily expenses. Description: White, slightly soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand; 20 lines. Dimensions: 12.4 x 17.9 cm. State of Conservation: Middle portion of text is badly faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 455, described in CG, no. 8298. Plate No.: 195.

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C.M. No.: 4512. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter concerning money matters. Description: White, slightly soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand; 18 lines visible. Dimensions: 19.7 x 15.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right edges of text are broken off. Ink is friable and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 189, described in CG, no. 8299. Plate No.: 195.

C.M. No.: 4513. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter from Helias to Stephanos about a delay in coming. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 10 on verso. Dimensions: 15.2 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of verso is missing. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 383, described in CG, no. 8300. Plate No.: Recto: 195; verso: 51.

C.M. No.: 4514. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Psalm 112:2-3, followed by a prayer. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 16.4 x 9.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8301. Plate No.: 24, 195.



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C.M. No.: 4515. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter from Helias to Komes. Description: White, slightly soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 5 visible on verso. Dimensions: 16.4 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable, faded. Text of verso is almost completely rubbed off. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 121, described in CG, no. 8302. Plate No.: Recto: 40, 51; verso: 196.

C.M. No.: 4516. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Psalm 34:7, followed by a prayer. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 2 lines on verso. Dimensions: 8.5 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped in places. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8303. Plate No.: Recto: 24, 40, 51, 184; verso: 24, 196.

C.M. No.: 4517. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter asking that bags be sent. Description: White soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 9.9 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text is obscured by soiling and blotting with water. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8304. Plate No.: 40, 51, 183.

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C.M. No.: 4518. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Personal letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 5 detectable on verso. Dimensions: 7.2 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Recto’s left and right edges are broken off. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Described in CG, no 8305. Plate No.: Recto: 24, 39, 51; verso: 24, 196.

C.M. No.: 4519. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Personal letter. Description: White, slightly soiled. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand with ligatures on recto; less skilled hand on verso; 10 lines plus insert on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 5.4 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and left portions of recto are broken off. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8306. Plate No.: Recto: 24, 51; verso: 24, 39, 196.

C.M. No.: 4520. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter possibly inquiring about felt. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 6 lines on recto, 3 on verso. Dimensions: 11.1 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and left sides of recto are lost. Little is left of text of verso. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8307. Plate No.: Recto: 24, 39, 51; verso: 24, 196.



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C.M. No.: 4521. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Personal letter. Description: White, slightly soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand with some ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded. Publication Data: Published in CO, no 399, described in CG, no. 8308. Plate No.: 39, 51, 183.

C.M. No.: 4522. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Homily on the true bread and water, using Psalms 77:24-5, 148:9 and 118:103. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand on recto; less skill on verso; 14 lines on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 12.9 x 13.4 cm. State of Conservation: Upper part of text of recto is lost. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8309. Plate No.: Recto: 40, 51, 183; verso: 184, 196.

C.M. No.: 4523. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Legal document, possibly a will. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled, ligatured hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 9.7 x 13.1 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken off on all sides. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 14, described in CG, no. 8310. Plate No.: 196.

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C.M. No.: 4524. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Light brown, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.8 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Described in CG, no. 8311. Plate No.: 196.

C.M. No.: 4525. Object: Ostracon. Material: Bone. Subject: A list of names on the recto; a list of numbers on the verso. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand, with ligatures. 10 lines on recto, 12 on verso. Dimensions: 12.7 x 32.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 222; verso: 223.

C.M. No.: 4526. Object: Ostracon. Material: Bone. Subject: An account in 3 columns. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; one column of 7 lines, a second of 6 lines, and a third of 4. Dimensions: 11.7 x 29.3 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 224.



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C.M. No.: 4527. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about goods. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines. A line is drawn through part of line 3. Dimensions: 8.4 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left, bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 180, 197.

C.M. No.: 4528. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Perhaps a death notice for Iohanes son of Salamana. Description: Red, ribbed. Text on one side; large, unskilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 12.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded at top of piece. Publication Data: Ahmed Bey Kamal published text in Annales 10 (1910): 149. Plate No.: 181, 197.

C.M. No.: 4529. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, slightly ribbed, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 4.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded, smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 196.

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C.M. No.: 4530.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Beige, ribbed, with red-orange slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 17 lines. Dimensions: 9.8 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Text is badly damaged. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 79, 203.

C.M. No.: 4530.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Psalms 16:3; 25:2; 16:3; 26:9. Description: Cream with light cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 20.8 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Only four lines are clearly visible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 10. Plate No.: 79, 203.

C.M. No.: 4530.3. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning various goods. Description: Cream with red-orange slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 17 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.6 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Piece is broken and chipped, making text almost illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 79, 203.



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C.M. No.: 4530.4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning past strife. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text is broken off. Ink is faded, except left edge. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 156. Plate No.: 79, 203.

C.M. No.: 4530.5. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of promise. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 16 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.0 x 10.0 cm. 7.7 x 10.6 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments joined to make two. Right portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 80, 203.

C.M. No.: 4530.6. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Promise of Jacob to an unknown recipient. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines visible. Dimensions: 16.0 x 15.3 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Lower left portion of text is lost. Ink is faded at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 88. Plate No.: 79, 204.

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C.M. No.: 4530.7. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Extracts from a work on the Beatitudes of St. Matthew 5. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines. Dimensions: 17.2 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Bottom left portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 69. Plate No.: 80, 203.

C.M. No.: 4530.8. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph to John and another. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 7.3 x 15.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 476. Plate No.: 80, 204.

C.M. No.: 4530.9. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of promise. Description: Red-orange with yellow slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: A: 6.7 x 7.8 cm; B: 9.2 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Central and lower right portions of text are lost. Ink is faded on right portion. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 80, 203.



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C.M. No.: 4530.10. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter from Pesenthius to Victor. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.0 x 8.5 cm; 5.8 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top and bottom right portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. See notes in Epiph., nos. 126 and 155. Plate No.: 14, 80, 204.

C.M. No.: 4530.11. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from the headman to Isaac. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 9.7 x 9.6 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 223. Plate No.: 205.

C.M. No.: 4530.12. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about payment for wood. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 22 lines. Dimensions: 11.1 x 14.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 326. Plate No.: 204.

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C.M. No.: 4530.13. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph to several persons. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge and top are lost. Much text is damaged. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 124. Plate No.: 204.

C.M. No.: 4530.14. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.9 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Three sherds. Top and lower parts are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 464. Plate No.: 15, 204.

C.M. No.: 4530.15. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter consisting of exhortations to virtue. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on both sides of 3 pieces, text on one side of two; skilled hand; of the two, 19 lines; of the others, 54 lines on recto and 51 on verso. Dimensions: 12.3 x 7.0; 7.8 x 11.6; 12.6 x 6.4; 8.5 x 7.0; 8.4 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Six fragments joined to make five. Much text is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 60. Plate No.: A–B verso: 81; A–C recto: 205; A–C verso: 206; C recto: 82; C verso: 83.



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C.M. No.: 4530.16. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Mark concerning a money matter. Description: Red-orange. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 12.1 x 15.3 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments. Right side of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 81, 205.

C.M. No.: 4530.17. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 14.4 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded, especially on right side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 82, 205.

C.M. No.: 4530.18. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of books or manuscripts. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 12.2 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top, bottom and left edges of text are lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 554. Plate No.: 81, 206.

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C.M. No.: 4530.19. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Sounika to Enoch, Epiphanius and Victor. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 20 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 15.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is very badly faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 439. Plate No.: 82, 206.

C.M. No.: 4530.20. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joui to Peter. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip. Text on both sides; unskilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 15.7 x 13.3 cm. State of Conservation: Six fragments. Top and bottom of text are lost; text of recto is damaged. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 338. Plate No.: Recto: 82, 206; verso: 14, 83, 207.

C.M. No.: 4530.21. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a receipt. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, unskilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 14.5 x 11.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and smudged in places. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 536. Plate No.: 83, 207.



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C.M. No.: 4530.22. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.5 x 11.6 cm. State of Conservation: Most of text is illegible; ink has been erased or rinsed. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 83, 207.

C.M. No.: 4530.23. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter of complaint about another’s unseemly words. Description: Brown with red-brown slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 27 lines on recto, 26 visible on verso. Dimensions: 14.5 x 18.5 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Upper left portion of recto is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 141. Plate No.: Recto: 83, 206; verso: 84, 207.

C.M. No.: 4530.24. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Tmanna concerning his sending a book. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left portion of text is lost. Ink is damaged. Publication Data: English translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 388. Plate No.: 84, 207.

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C.M. No.: 4530.25. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.1 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and left edges of text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 82, 207.

C.M. No.: 4530.26. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a payment not made. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 20 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.9 x 14.8 cm. State of Conservation: Top and lower left portions are broken off. Ink is faded, especially at top of piece. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 214. Plate No.: 84 (blank side), 85, 208.

C.M. No.: 4530.27. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of homage. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Bottom left portion of text is lost. Publication Data: English translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 411. Plate No.: 84, 209.



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C.M. No.: 4530.28. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about returning a book. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; two hands, both skilled; 8 lines. Dimensions: 11.6 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. The top and bottom sections of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 389. Plate No.: 84, 208.

C.M. No.: 4530.29. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 11.1 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of text is damaged; right part is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 85, 208.

C.M. No.: 4530.30. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Ananias to his “revered brethren.” Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; two skilled hands; 13 lines in upper text, 3 in lower. Dimensions: 13.7 x 14.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 173. Plate No.: 87, 208.

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C.M. No.: 4530.31. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of exhortation from a certain Stephen. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 23 lines on recto, 23 on verso. Dimensions: 12.7 x 15.7 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top and bottom of text are broken off on each side. Ink is faded, especially on recto. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 143. Plate No.: Recto: 85, 208; verso: 86, 209.

C.M. No.: 4530.32. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter mentioning a certain Victor. Description: Brown with brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.7 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Right, left and bottom edges of text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 85, 209.

C.M. No.: 4530.33. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Habakkuk 3:1-4 (recto); a letter to Apa Shenoute (verso). Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 15 lines visible on recto, 15 on verso. Dimensions: 14.0 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments. Bottom of text is lost. Ink is faded, chipped. Publication Data: Verso is published in Epiph., no. 57; recto is noted in no. 34. Plate No.: Recto: 86, 209; verso: 87, 210.



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C.M. No.: 4530.34. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Admonitions to a monk. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; small, skilled hand; 18 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.8 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and possibly top right parts of text are lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 72A; text no. 72B is missing. Plate No.: 85, 208.

C.M. No.: 4530.35. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about the canons of a Synod. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 11 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 7.9 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable on verso. Left side of text is on recto and verso. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 467. Plate No.: Recto: 85; verso: 86.

C.M. No.: 4530.36. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about mats for construction purposes. Description: Brown, ribbed, red-brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 10.2 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top of piece is damaged and some of text may be lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 358. Plate No.: 86, 209.

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C.M. No.: 4530.37. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 16 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.5 x 13.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right side is broken off. Ink is faded at bottom. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 88, 209.

C.M. No.: 4530.38. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Elias and another concerning Papnoute. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 16 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.8 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Top part is lost. Ink is friable and faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 189. Plate No.: 88, 210.

C.M. No.: 4530.39. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Cream with yellow slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.0 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely illegible; some text is lost at top because the slip is friable; some doodling appears at bottom right. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 87, 209.



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C.M. No.: 4530.40. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to John and another about escaping temptation. Description: Brown, ribbed, now blackened. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines detectable, perhaps more. Dimensions: 13.1 x 9.1 cm. State of Conservation: Impossible to read in current state of preservation. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 202. Plate No.: 88, 210.

C.M. No.: 4530.41. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Komes to Enoch and John. Description: Brown, ribbed, light brown slip, traces of pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 8.1 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top, bottom and left edges are lost. Ink is faded on left side. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 421. Plate No.: 87, 210.

C.M. No.: 4530.42. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.0 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 88, 210.

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C.M. No.: 4530.43. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph to Isaac and Elias. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.5 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and chipped, especially in last line. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 211. Plate No.: 87, 210.

C.M. No.: 4530.44. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, red-brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.3 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken on both sides and top. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 88, 210.

C.M. No.: 4530.45. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about corn. Description: Beige, ribbed, red-orange slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; lines 1-5 in semi-skilled hand; lines 6-9 in skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 9.7 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only bottom part of text remains. Ink is faded; much is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 86, 210.



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C.M. No.: 4530.46. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Abbreviated version of Jesus’ reply to the Letter of Abgar. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines detectable. Dimensions: 12.7 x 13.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded, especially at the top. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 50. Plate No.: 88, 211.

C.M. No.: 4530.47. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a payment or gift. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 16.5 x 13.0 cm. State of Conservation: Four pieces joined to make two. Top of text is broken off. Ink is slightly faded and friable. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 240. Plate No.: 89, 212.

C.M. No.: 4530.48. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Lucas to Psan. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; 15 lines visible, another 8 detectable. Dimensions: 13.4 x 19.4 cm. State of Conservation: Text is almost faded on bottom. Ink is faded and damaged. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 172. Plate No.: 89, 212.

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C.M. No.: 4530.49. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to those who “are not worthy.” Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 13.1 x 11.1 cm. State of Conservation: Six fragments. Top and upper right portions are lost. Ink is rubbed off or smudged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 89, 212.

C.M. No.: 4530.50. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from John to Elias and Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 21 lines. Dimensions: 9.5 x 15.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Upper left and right corners of text are broken off. Ink is faded in bottom portion. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 255. Plate No.: 90, 212.

C.M. No.: 4530.51. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 6.7 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 89, 212.



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C.M. No.: 4530.52. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Cream, slightly ribbed, with dark cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 24 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.6 x 15.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is lost. Ink is mostly illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 90, 212.

C.M. No.: 4530.53. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Daniel. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.9 x 9.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 90, 212.

C.M. No.: 4530.54. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A sermon on the omniscience of God (with 4531.15). Description: Cream with yellow slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 9.3 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left portion of text of recto is lost. Publication Data: This piece is the lower part of the text in Epiph., no. 61. Plate No.: Recto: 90, 213; verso: 91, 214.

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C.M. No.: 4530.55. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from two persons, possibly to a priest. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 12 lines. Dimensions: A: 7.1 x 11.4 cm; B: 10.5 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments joined to make two. Top and lower middle portions of text are lost. Ink is faded, rubbed off. Publication Data: English translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 265. Plate No.: 15, 90, 213.

C.M. No.: 4530.56. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a payment not made. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, brown slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 9.2 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom of text appears to be broken off. Ink is badly faded and virtually illegible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., 215. Plate No.: Recto: 90, 213; verso: 91, 214.

C.M. No.: 4530.57. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a person for whom surety is given. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 10.9 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom left part of text is lost. Ink is faded, rubbed off. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 276. Plate No.: 15, 91, 213.



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C.M. No.: 4530.58. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A short hymn on the birth of John the Baptist. Description: Red-orange, yellow slip, now largely blackened. Text on one side; large, skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 13.1 x 13.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom right and left corners of text are broken off. Ink is faded, especially in the center. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 599. Plate No.: 91, 213.

C.M. No.: 4530.59. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter asking for scriptures to be brought. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.5 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top and lower left corners of text are lost. Ink is smudged. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 378. Plate No.: 91, 213.

C.M. No.: 4530.60. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of goods received. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: A: 11.7 x 12.8 cm.; B: 7.2 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Half of line 8 and virtually all of line 9 are scratched out. Top of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 309. Plate No.: 91, 213.

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C.M. No.: 4530.61. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Epiphanius. Description: Brown, ribbed, dark red-brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 6.7 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top, bottom and left edges of text are lost. This piece joins to number 4530.60. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 420. Plate No.: 91, 214.

C.M. No.: 4530.62. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of request from Co[nstantine] and Ananias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: A: 4.3 x 6.2 cm.; B: 9.9 x 13.3 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Right, left, and bottom parts are lost. Publication Data: A partial translation is published in Epiph., no. 448. Plate No.: 15, 87, 214.

C.M. No.: 4530.63. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph to Enoch. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines visible. Dimensions: A: 9.1 x 9.6 cm; B: 8.0 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments are joined to make two. Center of text is lost. Ink is faded near bottom. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 383. Plate No.: 214.



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C.M. No.: 4530.64. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A guarantee of the purity of oil. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on both sides; large, skilled hand; 6 lines on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 11.0 x 10.6 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 15, 215; verso: 15, 216.

C.M. No.: 4530.65. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac about a baking matter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 25 lines. Dimensions: 11.8 x 17.1 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 296. Plate No.: 214.

C.M. No.: 4530.66. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from a certain Frange. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 5.5 x 2.9 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right sides of text are broken off. Line 3 of text is faded or rubbed off. Publication Data: Translation alone appears in Epiph., no. 412. Plate No.: 215.

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C.M. No.: 4530.67. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isaac to Aaron. Description: Brown, ribbed, dark brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 12.0 x 9.9 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom of text is lost. Ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 491. Plate No.: 215.

C.M. No.: 4530.68. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Paul to Pson. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 21 lines. Dimensions: 14.4 x 16.5 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left corner of text is lost. Ink is smudged at top. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 281. Plate No.: 214.

C.M. No.: 4530.70 (4530.69 is missing). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Isaiah 5:18-24. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 14 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.0 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and upper right corner of text are lost. Ink is generally faded, badly at the top and bottom. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 23. Plate No.: 216.



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C.M. No.: 4530.71. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from David to Esdra. Description: Brown with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 14 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.4 x 13.5 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left, right and bottom parts of text are lost. Ink is rubbed off at top and bottom. Publication Data: Translation is published in Epiph., no. 481. Plate No.: 216.

C.M. No.: 4530.72. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac and Elias from Paul. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 23 lines. Dimensions: 8.5 x 13.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged and friable across entire piece. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 188. Plate No.: 215.

C.M. No.: 4530.73. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.6 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost completely faded or rinsed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 215.

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C.M. No.: 4530.74. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a fast. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 8.6 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom portions are broken off. Ink is faded, almost entirely in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 226. Plate No.: 216.

C.M. No.: 4530.75. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about sending linen clothes. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 12 lines. Dimensions: 9.2 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top of text is lost. Ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 359. Plate No.: 92, 215.

C.M. No.: 4530.76. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an excerpt from a sermon. Description: Cream with yellow slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.7 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is lost at top and on right side. Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 215.



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C.M. No.: 4530.77. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account concerning corn and grain delivered. Description: Cream, yellow slip. Text on one side; two hands: upper is large, lower is smaller, skilled; 8 lines. Dimensions: 13.8 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top and lower left portions are broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 541. Plate No.: 215.

C.M. No.: 4530.78. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from a certain Ananias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.3 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left edge of text is damaged. Ink is smudged, faded. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 128. Plate No.: 216.

C.M. No.: 4530.79. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter appealing for a just arbitration. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 17 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.6 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Bottom and upper right parts of text are lost. Ink is smudged and faded in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 307. Plate No.: 215.

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C.M. No.: 4530.80. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter from Isaac and Elias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.7 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Ink is smudged on bottom half. Right edge of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 92.

C.M. No.: 4530.81. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Iohannes “the martyr.” Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; small, skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 9.8 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Text of recto is damaged; verso is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 15, 92; verso: 16, 93.

C.M. No.: 4530.82. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines on recto, 3 on verso. Dimensions: 11.5 x 16.9 cm. State of Conservation: On recto, left and bottom edges are broken off and ink is badly faded. Publication Data: English translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 115. Plate No.: 92.



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C.M. No.: 4530.83 Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 39 lines with a word inserted between lines 28 and 29. Dimensions: 12.9 x 27.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded near bottom. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 348. Plate No.: 174.

C.M. No.: 4530.84. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning theological matters. Description: Cream, with buff slip. Text on one side; small, skilled hand; 15 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.3 x 10.4 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right and lower left portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 92.

C.M. No.: 4530.85. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isaac to Abraham, Peret, and their mother. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 17 lines. Dimensions: 12.0 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: The upper right corner of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 167. Plate No.: 92.

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C.M. No.: 4530.86. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 6 lines written over a smaller script. Dimensions: 8.1 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 93.

C.M. No.: 4530.87. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph to Isaac and Elias. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines, 4 monograms at bottom. Dimensions: 9.1 x 14.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top right corner of text is broken off. Ink is smudged in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 261. Plate No.: 174.

C.M. No.: 4530.88. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a woman who had abandoned her husband. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.7 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom left portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 161. Plate No.: 93.



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C.M. No.: 4530.89. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isaac to Panachore. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 12.1 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 317. Plate No.: 94.

C.M. No.: 4530.90. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A list of names; possibly an incantation document. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines, 7 lines read one way and 6 are upside down. Dimensions: 10.7 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 559 Plate No.: Not photographed.

C.M. No.: 4530.91. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; Isaac is mentioned. Description: Text on one side; large semi-skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.5 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Most of text is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 93.

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C.M. No.: 4530.92. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter of exhortation to monks. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 26 lines on recto, 20 on verso. Dimensions: 17.0 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of verso is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 62. Plate No.: Not photographed.

C.M. No.: 4530.93. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Pshere asking for understanding. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 18 lines. Dimensions: 15.5 x 15.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom left portions of text are broken off. Ink at top is rubbed off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 178. Plate No.: 93.

C.M. No.: 4530.94. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of persons, and money owed or lent. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 11.8 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 521. Plate No.: 93.



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C.M. No.: 4530.95. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a guarantee. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 22.0 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner of text is lost. Ink is faded at top. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 275. Plate No.: 95.

C.M. No.: 4530.96. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines, plus a monogram at bottom. Dimensions: 10.7 x 12.3 cm. State of Conservation: Center and bottom left portions of text are lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 146. Plate No.: 94.

C.M. No.: 4530.97. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Papnoute. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.9 x 6.3; 7.9 x 8.1; 7.9 x 12.2; 2.5 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments. Bottom right edge of text is lost. Ink is faded, mainly at top. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 176. Plate No.: 94.

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C.M. No.: 4530.98. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Mark to Pson. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; small, skilled hand; 12 lines on both recto and verso. Dimensions: 13.8 x 16.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left portion of text of recto is broken off. Ink is faded and friable. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 277. Plate No.: Recto: 94; verso: 95.

C.M. No.: 4530.99. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Phoibamon son of Ezekiel. Description: Red-orange, cream slip. Text on one side; rapid, semiskilled hand with ligatures; 13 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and surface is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 94.

C.M. No.: 4530.100. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about corn. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 12.1 x 15.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right edges of first line and possibly the bottom edge are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 310. Plate No.: 95.



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C.M. No.: 4530.101. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An excerpt from a Festal Letter of Damianus. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 12 lines, plus ink of another at the bottom. Dimensions: 6.6 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top, right and bottom edges of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 53. Plate No.: 95.

C.M. No.: 4530.102. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Red-orange with beige slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.3 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only right portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 95.

C.M. No.: 4530.103. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A pledge from Paul to John. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 13 lines. Dimensions: 10.2 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is broken. Ink is faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 95. Plate No.: 95.

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C.M. No.: 4530.104. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isidore to Isaac and Elias. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.9 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge and bottom portion of text are broken off. Ink is faded and almost rubbed off on lines 5 and 8. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 385. Plate No.: 96.

C.M. No.: 4530.105. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning property of Peter. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.5 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left margin is intact except for first line. Upper right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 96.

C.M. No.: 4530.106. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of books. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.8 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom edges of text are broken off. Ink is faded and almost rubbed off on lines 3, 6 and 8. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 556. Plate No.: 95.



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125

C.M. No.: 4530.107. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An excerpt from a homily on avoiding offence. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand; 31 lines. Dimensions: 10.3 x 18.0 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left edge is chipped off. Ink is faded and friable. Soiling blots out left edge and top lines of text. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 63. Plate No.: 98.

C.M. No.: 4530.108. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a piece of property. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top, right and bottom edges of text are broken off. Ink is faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 449. Plate No.: 96.

C.M. No.: 4530.109. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Paul and Esdra to Anianus. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back, pink slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; apparently 9 lines. Dimensions: A: 8.0 x 6.0 cm.; B: 5.6 x 3.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two unconnected fragments. Ink is friable and smudged. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 492. Plate No.: 96.

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C.M. No.: 4530.110. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A document that concerns inheritance. Description: Light cream, with buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 9.8 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom edges of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 516. Plate No.: 96.

C.M. No.: 4530.111. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Pesenthius to Petronius. Description: Brown. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 7.6 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and right edges of text are broken off. Ink is smudged and faded on left side. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 126. Plate No.: 96.

C.M. No.: 4530.112. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Isaiah 26:10; 64:4-5; 33:14-16. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides and top edge; skilled hand; 14 lines on recto, 17 on verso and 2 on top. Dimensions: 7.2 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right edges are chipped off. Ink is friable and smudged. Little is legible on the top edge. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 25. Plate No.: Recto: 98; verso: 96.



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C.M. No.: 4530.113. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; 2 hands, one semiskilled (top two lines) and the other is skilled; 5 lines. Dimensions: 3.9 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right margin alone is intact. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16.

C.M. No.: 4530.114. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Pesynthius. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 4.4 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left edges of recto are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 515. Plate No.: Recto: 16, 96; verso: 16, 98.

C.M. No.: 4530.115. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that mentions Isaac. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 31 lines on recto (including upper edge), 17 on verso. Dimensions: 4.4 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded, especially on verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 96.

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C.M. No.: 4530.116. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: The title of a Festal Letter of Damianus. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.2 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 55. Plate No.: 98.

C.M. No.: 4530.117. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to John. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 19 lines. Dimensions: 15.2 x 13.3 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom left portion of text is lost. Ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 168. Plate No.: 98.

C.M. No.: 4530.118. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Proverbs 13:7,13 (recto); a saying of Basil of Caesarea (verso). Description: Light cream, light cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 9.3 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and badly faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., nos. 22 (recto) and 52 (verso). Plate No.: Recto: 96; verso 98.



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C.M. No.: 4530.119. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter; Elias is mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.9 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge and lower left corner of text are broken off. Two fragments. Ink is faded in the middle. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 98.

C.M. No.: 4530.120. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from David to Isaac. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines. Dimensions: 11.3 x 14.3 cm.; 4.9 x 3.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right and top edges of text are lost. Three fragments are joined to make two. Ink is faded in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 145. Plate No.: 99.

C.M. No.: 4530.121. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A contract concerning work to be performed. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; rapid, semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 12 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 18.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text is broken off. Two fragments. Ink is faded in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 86. Plate No.: 99.

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C.M. No.: 4530.122. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter written at the direction of Peter; Esaias is noted. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface, brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 12.9 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only ink of signature is seriously damaged. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 377. Plate No.: 99.

C.M. No.: 4530.123. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a woman’s dowry. Description: Cream, with cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 15 lines on recto, 15 on verso. Dimensions: 8.0 x 9.9 cm.; 9.9 cm. 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments joined to make two. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 98. Plate No.: Recto: 99; verso: 100.

C.M. No.: 4530.124. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that mentions Elias. Description: White. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 11.6 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right and bottom edges of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 99 (upside down in second photograph).



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C.M. No.: 4530.125. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A excerpt from a sermon by Senouthius. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 31 lines on recto, 17 on verso. Dimensions: 14.4 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on verso. Surface of recto is soiled. Text on bottom of both sides appears to be rinsed off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 56. Plate No.: Recto: 99; verso: 100.

C.M. No.: 4530.126. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter written by Mena for Paul the village magistrate. Description: Brown, ribbed, red-brown slip, traces of pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 12.2 x 13.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and almost illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 100.

C.M. No.: 4530.127. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning followers of the Arian heresy. Description: Cream, white slip on verso. Text on both sides; skilled hand; on A: 15 lines on recto, 14 on verso; 7 lines on B. Dimensions: A. 6.3 x 8.6 cm.; B. 4.6 x 3.2 cm. State of Conservation: Three pieces are joined to make two. The two are unconnected. Ink is friable and faded on A. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 54. Plate No.: Recto: 101; verso: 102.

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C.M. No.: 4530.128. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An inventory of metalic goods. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 15 lines, with an insert between lines 8 and 9. Dimensions: 11.6 x 11.7; 8.6 x 9.6; 5.8 x 7.4; 5.4 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments. Ink is faded in places and discolored on next to bottom piece. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 549. Plate No.: 101.

C.M. No.: 4530.129. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of Isaac’s flax. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is complete. Ink is rubbed off in lines 2 and 3. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 529. Plate No.: 100.

C.M. No.: 4530.130. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A medical recipe. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines. Dimensions: 6.0 x 15.0 cm. State of Conservation: Text is complete. Ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 575. Plate No.: 100.



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C.M. No.: 4530.131. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Isaiah 41:28, 29. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 10.8 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable in center of piece. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 29. Plate No.: 100.

C.M. No.: 4530.132. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 9.1 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on right side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 101.

C.M. No.: 4530.133. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a difficulty. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; small, skilled hand; 12 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.6 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge and right portion of text are broken off. Ink in lines 2 and 5 is faded completely. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 27, 101.

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C.M. No.: 4530.134. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back. Two hands. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand in lines 1-7, less skilled hand lines 8-12. Dimensions: 9.6 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded, making text illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 101.

C.M. No.: 4530.135. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Recto: Exodus 22:2-3; 23:2-3; Leviticus 23:5; verso: a letter about the exchange of money. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 10 lines detectable on verso. Dimensions: 9.4 x 9.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, especially on verso. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., nos. 4 (recto) and 524 (verso). Plate No.: Recto: 101; verso: 102.

C.M. No.: 4530.136. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A brief letter: “Be so kind, come.” Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 7.9 x 5.0 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 235. Plate No.: 101.



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C.M. No.: 4530.137. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Joseph. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 102.

C.M. No.: 4530.138. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names. Description: Cream, with buff slip. Text on concave side; skilled hand; 14 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.4 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 540. Plate No.: 101.

C.M. No.: 4530.139. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Philotheus to Psan. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.1 x 8.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on bottom half. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 320. Plate No.: 102.

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C.M. No.: 4530.140. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Peter to John. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; 14 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.5 x 11.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded or washed off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 315. Plate No.: 102.

C.M. No.: 4530.141. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods sent. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines, plus monogram at the top. Dimensions: 9.2 x 8.0 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left and bottom edges of text are lost. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 402. Plate No.: 102.

C.M. No.: 4530.142. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter or an account. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 6.3 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom sides of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 102.



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C.M. No.: 4530.143. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An account that mentions Elias. Description: White, slightly soiled. Text on one side; large, unskilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.9 x 12.2 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Bottom portion of text is lost. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 102.

C.M. No.: 4530.144. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A reflective letter from Isaac concerning temptation. Description: Dark cream, buff slip on recto, white slip on verso. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 22 lines on recto, 18 on verso. Dimensions: 17.5 x 12.8 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Eight fragments. Only right margin is preserved. The text is broken off on all sides. Ink is faded, especially on recto. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 103. Plate No.: Recto: 103; verso: 104.

C.M. No.: 4530.145. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter expressing regret at the recipient’s loss of faith. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 9 lines, plus insert between lines 1 and 2. Dimensions: 8.2 x 9.9 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Three fragments joined to make two. Ink is faded and chipped in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 384. Plate No.: 103.

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C.M. No.: 4530.146. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from David to John. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 13.3 x 17.8 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Four fragments. Ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 280. Plate No.: Recto: 104; verso: 105.

C.M. No.: 4530.147. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Iohannes. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 8.7 x 12.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 16, 103.

C.M. No.: 4530.148. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of firewood to be sent to Jême. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is lost. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 542. Plate No.: 17, 103.



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C.M. No.: 4530.149. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Mark that mentions Abraham. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 8.0 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left and bottom edges of text of recto are damaged. Ink is friable on verso. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 330. Plate No.: Recto: 104; verso: 105.

C.M. No.: 4530.150. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter expressing concern. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 8.7 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 514. Plate No.: 103.

C.M. No.: 4530.151. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Esther. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled with ligatures; 14 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Two joined fragments. Ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 194. Plate No.: 104.

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C.M. No.: 4530.152. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about linen. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.8 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom left corner of text is lost. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 569. Plate No.: 104.

C.M. No.: 4530.153. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, with buff slip. Text on both sides; small, skilled hand; 15 lines on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 8.1 x 10.3 cm.; 12.2 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom edges of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 16, 106; verso: 17, 107.

C.M. No.: 4530.154. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac about linen. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom edges of the text are lost. Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 230. Plate No.: 105.



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C.M. No.: 4530.155. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Evidently a practice piece for a would-be scribe. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, red-brown slip. Text on one side; hand is inconsistent; 11 lines. Dimensions: 10.1 x 10.4 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off, left side is damaged in lower lines. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 106.

C.M. No.: 4530.156. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a pledge; Isaac and Ezekiel are mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines, plus a monogram above the first line. Dimensions: 10.4 x 15.3 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left edge of text is lost. Ink on right side is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 105.

C.M. No.: 4530.157. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list or an account. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.4 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in first and last lines. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 551. Plate No.: 106.

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C.M. No.: 4530.158. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Abraham about a book. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 12.5 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 392. Plate No.: 105.

C.M. No.: 4530.159. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 6.5 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 230. Plate No.: 106.

C.M. No.: 4530.160. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of exhortation. Description: Red, yellow slip. Text on one side; tiny, semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 5.7 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 105.



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C.M. No.: 4530.161. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt. Description: Red, dark cream slip. Text on one side; small, semiskilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 3.4 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 105.

C.M. No.: 4530.162. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery.  Subject: Psalm 33:1-4. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Every edge of text has been lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 579. Plate No.: 107.

C.M. No.: 4530.163. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 11.0 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Text is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No. 17, 107.

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C.M. No.: 4530.164. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note pleading for payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 9.7 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 295. Plate No.: 107.

C.M. No.: 4530.165. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Megas to Epiphanius. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand, ligatures; 6 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 11.5 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on verso. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 212. Plate No. Recto: 106.

C.M. No.: 4530.166. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a testament. Description: Four pieces. Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 10.9 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on bottom. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 264. Plate No.: 106.



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C.M. No.: 4530.167. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about the illness of the sender. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back side. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 15 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 15.0 x 16.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on recto. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 297. Plate No.: Recto: 108; verso: 109.

C.M. No.: 4530.168. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of fabric goods. Description: Brown with white slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 11.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no 564. Plate No.: 107.

C.M. No.: 4530.169. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an excerpt from a sermon; Paul is mentioned. Description: Red-orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 6.4 x 10.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions plus right edge of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 1 07.

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C.M. No.: 4530.170. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Brown, with beige slip. Text on one side; large, semiskilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 7.5 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and, on lower half, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 107.

C.M. No.: 4530.171. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Greek ordinal numbers from one to eighteen. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 16.3 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost completely washed off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 619. Plate No.: 107.

C.M. No.: 4530.172. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter to an ecclesiastical superior. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 15 lines on recto, 14 detectable on verso. Dimensions: 8.9 x 12.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and chipped, especially on verso. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 166. Plate No.: Recto: 108; verso: 109.



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C.M. No.: 4530.173. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A declaration of protection. Description: Brown, ribbed, red-brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 18.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 96. Plate No.: 109.

C.M. No.: 4530.174. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Deuteronomy 34:1-3. Description: Cream, with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 12.2 x 13.9 cm. State of Conservation: Text is well preserved. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 6. Plate No.: 108.

C.M. No.: 4530.175. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly extracts from a sermon. Description: Two fragments. White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 19 lines on recto, 19 on verso. Dimensions: 12.7 x 10.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded, especially on verso. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 67. Plate No.: Recto: 108; verso: 109.

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C.M. No.: 4530.176. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from certain brethren to Victor and Jeremias. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 218. Plate No.: 108.

C.M. No.: 4530.177. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Elias about offerings made. Description: Cream, light cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 19 lines on recto, 16 lines on verso. Dimensions: 10.1 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text on recto is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 434. Plate No.: Recto: 108; verso: 109.

C.M. No.: 4530.178. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An exhortation which refers to sayings of the Egyptian Fathers. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 16 lines on recto, 11 lines on verso. Dimensions: 12.2 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and chipped, especially on recto. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 71. Plate No.: Recto: 109; verso: 97.



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149

C.M. No.: 4530.179. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from David to Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 13.2 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge and bottom portion of text are broken off. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 306. Plate No.: 97.

C.M. No.: 4530.180. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Jacob to Isaac and Elias. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines visible. Dimensions: 13.6 x 16.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is chipped and damaged in places. Ink is badly faded at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 169. Plate No.: 97.

C.M. No.: 4530.181. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; Papas is mentioned three times. Description: Red, beige slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.4 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only upper left portion of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 97.

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C.M. No.: 4530.182. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac and another about sending wheat. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 7.3 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 318. Plate No.: 97.

C.M. No.: 4530.183. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning merchandise. Description: Light brown, ribbed, dark cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 6.3 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge, bottom portion of text are broken. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 97.

C.M. No.: 4530.184. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand on verso; 6 lines on verso, only traces on recto. Dimensions: 9.9 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of verso are broken off. Ink on recto is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 17, 110; verso: 17, 111.



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151

C.M. No.: 4530.185. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Thomas to Stephen. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 9.5 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom edges are lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 365. Plate No.: 110.

C.M. No.: 4530.186. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter asking for a favor. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, dark red slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 110.

C.M. No.: 4530.187. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about “money for the offering.” Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 11.3 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is smudged in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 379. Plate No.: 175.

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C.M. No.: 4530.188. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning the price of goods. Description: Three fragments. Brown, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 13.2 x 15.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faint. Bottom portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 291. Plate No.: 110.

C.M. No.: 4530.189. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of articles deposited. Description: Two fragments. Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 13.9 x 11.0 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded near right edge. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 547. Plate No.: 110.

C.M. No.: 4530.190. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of request; Isaac is mentioned. Description: Two pieces. Cream, buff slip. Text on both sides and one edge; skilled hand; 27 lines on recto, 20 on verso. Dimensions: 4.6 x 5.5 cm; 8.8 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost completely lost on verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: A: 17, 110; B: 17, 111.



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153

C.M. No.: 4530.191. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly extracts from Shenoute’s works. Description: Brown, buff slip on recto, cream slip on verso. Text on both sides, two edges; skilled hand. 27 lines on recto, 26 on verso. Dimensions: 8.0 x 12.7 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left corner of text of recto is lost. Ink is faded on recto. The slip on verso is peeling, making text illegible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 65. Plate No.: Recto: 111; verso: 112.

C.M. No.: 4530.192. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter asking for instructions and help. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 8.7 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and top edges of text are lost; ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 220. Plate No.: 111.

C.M. No.: 4530.193. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about sending garments to Isaac; Markos and Kyriakos are mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 7.5 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of text are broken off. Some ink is rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 110.

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C.M. No.: 4530.194. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Elias. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.1 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion is broken off. Text is largely blotted by water. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 111.

C.M. No.: 4530.195. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; Enoch is mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 5.5 x 6.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 111.

C.M. No.: 4530.196. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, traces of pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines preserved. Dimensions: 7.4 x 5.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 111.



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C.M. No.: 4530.197. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 11.1 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 111.

C.M. No.: 4530.198. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; Peter is mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 9.4 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 111.

C.M. No.: 4530.199. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about the purchase of goods; Paape and Papnoute are mentioned. Description: Two fragments. Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines on A, 3 on B. Dimensions: A: 7.5 x 10.5 cm.; B: 6.5 x 2.7 cm. State of Conservation: Fragments are unconnected. Left margin seems intact. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: A and B: 17, 111.

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C.M. No.: 4530.200. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 8 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.4 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 111.

C.M. No.: 4530.201. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream color, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 3.5 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only fragment from bottom of text remains. Text is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 17, 111.

C.M. No.: 4530.202. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Two unconnected fragments. Buff. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines on part A, 4 on part B. Dimensions: A: 4.7 x 6.7 cm.; B: 3.2 x 2.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only left margin of text is preserved. Text is badly broken. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: A and B: 17, 111.



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C.M. No.: 4531.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Peter about his punishment in stocks. Description: Brown, with buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 13.5 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is broken off. Ink is smudged on left. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 181. Plate No.: 112.

C.M. No.: 4531.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A contract for annual wages. Description: Cream color, slightly ribbed, red-orange slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines on B portion. Dimensions: 10.6 x 12.0 cm.; 3.1 x 3.4 cm. State of Conservation: Two unconnected fragments. Text is broken off on all sides. Publication Data: Part B is unpublished. Part A is published in Epiph., no. 84A. Plate No.: 27, 28.

C.M. No.: 4531.3. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Euprepius and Pegosh. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 16 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.2 x 12.0 cm. combined. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Left and right portions of text are lost. Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 444. Plate No.: 112.

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C.M. No.: 4531.4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter of apology. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.5 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is lost. Ink is faded in places; pitch covers a section of text on right side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 112.

C.M. No.: 4531.5. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions a certain Zak[arias]. Description: Light orange, with red-orange slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.1 x 16.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and bottom portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 113.

C.M. No.: 4531.7 (4531.6 is missing). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Euprepius. Description: Brown, white slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 6.0 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of text of recto are broken off. Ink of recto is faded. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 116. Plate No.: Recto: 113 verso: 114.



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C.M. No.: 4531.8. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A brief treatise on the universe and the Devil’s threat. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 6.5 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Right margin of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 112.

C.M. No.: 4531.9. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 4.6 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right, and top portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 418. Plate No.: 113.

C.M. No.: 4531.10. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter; Epiphanius is mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 5.4 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right edges of text are lost. Ink is chipped at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 423. Plate No.: 112.

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C.M. No.: 4531.11. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Epiphanius about various matters. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 14.9 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Bottom and upper left parts of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 474. Plate No.: 113.

C.M. No.: 4531.12. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A petition for a prayer for God’s forgiveness of another. Description: Brown, with rough finish. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 9.4 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 113.

C.M. No.: 4531.13. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that concerns the recipient’s ill health. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 11 lines on part A (recto and verso), 15 on part B. Dimensions: A. 5.4 x 5.6 cm.; B. 12.9 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top portion of text is lost. Ink is washed out on verso of part B. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 109. Plate No.: A Recto: 113; A verso: 114; B recto: 113



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161

C.M. No.: 4531.14. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Pesenthius to Epiphanius and Psan. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.7 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top portion of text is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 417. Plate No.: 113.

C.M. No.: 4531.15. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A sermon on God’s foreknowledge. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 25 lines on recto, 21 on verso. Dimensions: 11.8 x 15.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top and right portions of text are missing. Ink is faded at bottom of recto. Publication Data: This piece is the upper portion of Epiph., no. 61. Plate No.: Recto: 114; verso: 116.

C.M. No.: 4531.16. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A prayer. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text is lost. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 44. Plate No.: 113.

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C.M. No.: 4531.17. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Samuel asking for a favor. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 11.5 x 12.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 114.

C.M. No.: 4531.18. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a mathematical piece. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; apparently 4 lines. Dimensions: 4.2 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the right edge of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 113.

C.M. No.: 4531.19. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side and bottom edge; unskilled hand; 11 lines, 1 on bottom edge. Dimensions: 13.6 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is entirely faded on much of the piece. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 114.



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C.M. No.: 4531.20. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning money. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.8 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 114.

C.M. No.: 4531.21. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An extract from a will (recto); Psalm 18:8 (verso). Description: Cream, with buff slip. Text on both sides; large, unskilled hand; 16 lines on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 19.4 x 29.0 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Only a small break in text on right edge. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 545 (recto) and no. 11 (verso). Plate No.: Recto: 115.

C.M. No.: 4531.22. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning money and goods. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 22 lines. Dimensions: 12.7 x 16.7 cm. State of Conservation: Five fragments. Right and bottom left portions of text are lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 299. Plate No.: 114.

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C.M. No.: 4531.23. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter defending the integrity of Isaac, the sender. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 22 lines. Dimensions: 14.5 x 17.7 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Right and bottom left portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 459. Plate No.: 116.

C.M. No.: 4531.24. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter asking the recipient to intercede with a third party. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 21 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 14.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is badly faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 258. Plate No.: 117.

C.M. No.: 4531.25. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Pesenthius. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 8 lines; ink from another at the bottom. Dimensions: 13.5 x 9.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 224. Plate No.: 116.



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C.M. No.: 4531.26. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of witnesses. Description: Red, with yellow-buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink in lines 1, 4, and 5 has been damaged by water. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 116.

C.M. No.: 4531.27. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter expressing loyalty to Isaac and Elias. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 27 lines. Dimensions: 11.1 x 14.7 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner of text is lost. Ink is faded in center. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 110. Plate No.: 116.

C.M. No.: 4531.28. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter of apology from Phoibamon. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 11.4 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and top right portions are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 178.

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C.M. No.: 4531.30 (4531.29 is missing). Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A note that mentions Kyriakos and the presbyter Philotheos. Description: White. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded, rinsed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 117.

C.M. No.: 4531.31. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An acknowledgement of debt. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines with an insertion between lines 6 and 7. Dimensions: A. 8.5 x 10.7 cm.; B. 8.5 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Lower right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 93. Plate No.: A: 117; B: 118.

C.M. No.: 4531.32. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Tagape and Patermouthis to Epiphanius. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 8.1 x 12.0 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left portion of text is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 120. Plate No.: 117.



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C.M. No.: 4531.33. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Epiphanius to his mother. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 16 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.7 x 13.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 259. Plate No.: 117.

C.M. No.: 4531.34 and 124. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Elias and Jacob. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 6.5 x 9.9 cm.; 5.9 x 2.9 cm.; 5.9 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Left and lower right portions of text are lost. Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 12, 118 (4531.34); 13, 133 (4531.124).

C.M. No.: 4531.35. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A homily. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; possibly 14 lines. Dimensions: 17.7 x 12.0 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Four fragments. Left, right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 74. Plate No.: 118.

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C.M. No.: 4531.36. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Tatre and Kathron to Moses. Description: Cream, red-orange slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines; an insertion between lines 2 and 3. Dimensions: 13.0 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 386. Plate No.: 117.

C.M. No.: 4531.37 and 139. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about someone becoming a monk. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.0 x 11.2; 3.7 x 9.0; 2.9 x 2.9 cm. (37); 4.8 x 4.5 cm. (139). State of Conservation: Five fragments jointed to make four. Only small, unconnected fragments remain. Ink is faded, chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 120 (no. 37); 13, 135 (no. 139).

C.M. No.: 4531.38. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions “my holy fathers.” Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; possibly 19 lines. Dimensions: 17.0 x 8.8; 4.7 x 2.2; 4.2 x 6.7; 4.6 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: Six fragments joined to make four. Bottom is largely lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 113. Plate No.: 120.



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C.M. No.: 4531.39. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of summons. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded on right side of piece. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11.

C.M. No.: 4531.40. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Psalm 1:1-4. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left portion of text is lost. Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Translation alone published in Epiph., no. 15. Plate No.: 119.

C.M. No.: 4531.41. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Epiphanius to his mother. Description: Brown. Text on both sides; no text appears on the verso of smaller piece; skilled hand; ligatures; 24 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 6.2 x 9.0 cm.; 4.7 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Upper right portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded on smaller piece. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 397. Plate No.: A Recto: 118; A verso: 119; B: 118

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C.M. No.: 4531.42. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Psalm 138:8-10. Description: Cream, with cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines with ink of another at top. Dimensions: 7.5 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top, bottom and right portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Translation alone published in Epiph., no. 19. Plate No.: 119.

C.M. No.: 4531.43. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Epiphanius. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 6.9 x 14.1 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 445. Plate No.: 118.

C.M. No.: 4531.44. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isaac to Elias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 9.6 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 316. Plate No.: 118.



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171

C.M. No.: 4531.45. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about money. Description: Cream, ribbed, with brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 9.2 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 288. Plate No.: 118.

C.M. No.: 4531.46. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note that mentions Apa Merit, Philip and Epiphanius. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 119.

C.M. No.: 4531.47. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Psalm 11:1-2. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.6 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top of text is lost. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 14. Plate No.: 119.

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C.M. No.: 4531.47a. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Phrangas to Peter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 8.6 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 119. Plate No.: 119.

C.M. No.: 4531.48. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Moses. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines remain. Dimensions: 8.4 x 6.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 400. Plate No.: 119.

C.M. No.: 4531.49. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter forbidding payment. Description: Cream, with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.5 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: At least left portion of text is lost. Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 119.



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C.M. No.: 4531.50. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of greeting. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 5.4 x 4.9 cm.; 3.0 x 2.8 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Left portion of text is lost. Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 122. Plate No.: 121.

C.M. No.: 4531.51 and 52. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Epiphanius to Philip about wine. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines; ink of another at the bottom. Dimensions: 13.2 x 6.4 cm. combined measurements. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Upper right and bottom portions are broken off. Ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 340. Plate No.: 121.

C.M. No.: 4531.53. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that refers to earlier correspondence. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 11.7 x 5.1 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 127. Plate No.: 121.

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C.M. No.: 4531.54. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning difficulty with sin. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 5.0 x 9.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 120.

C.M. No.: 4531.55. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning various goods and the sender’s illness. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; at least 10 lines. Dimensions: 6.3 x 7.0 cm.; 4.8 x 4.6 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Text is broken all around. Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 329. Plate No.: 121.

C.M. No.: 4531.56. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note that mentions being a witness. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.0 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the right edge remains. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 121.



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C.M. No.: 4531.57. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Epiphanius. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 7.5 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top and right portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 394. Plate No.: 121.

C.M. No.: 4531.58. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A quotation that refers to a certain Theophilus. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines; ink from another at the bottom. Dimensions: 7.3 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 79. Plate No.: 121.

C.M. No.: 4531.59. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter mentioning a certain Peter who is coming. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines detectable. Dimensions: 13.2 x 16.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 120.

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C.M. No.: 4531.60. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note from Iohannes to “his beloved.” Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.2 x 2.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text seems largely lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 123.

C.M. No.: 4531.61. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Dorotheus to Basil. Description: Brown, brown slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 12.6 x 14.5 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Upper left corner of text is broken off. Ink is smudged in line 6. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 334. Plate No.: 122.

C.M. No.: 4531.62. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions a certain Kyrillos. Description: Buff, light brown slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 8 lines visible in part A and 11 in part B. Dimensions: 8.2 x 7.9 cm.; 7.5 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. The left and right edges of text remain, but much is lost. Ink on right piece is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 122.



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C.M. No.: 4531.63. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A homily. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; at least 18 lines. Dimensions: 5.0 x 8.7 cm.; 9.0 x 13.9 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments joined into two. Top and left portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 68 B; 68 A is missing. Plate No.: A: 123; B: 122.

C.M. No.: 4531.64. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note from Phoibammon to Aaron. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled, rapid hand; 4 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.5 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded, making text illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 121.

C.M. No.: 4531.65. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note that mentions a beard. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.6 x 2.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of the text remains. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 11, 121.

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C.M. No.: 4531.66. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Epiphanius. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 5.1 x 3.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off, and possibly the top and bottom. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 424. Plate No.: 121.

C.M. No.: 4531.67. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A prayer. Description: Red with buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; at least 10 lines on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 5.8 x 3.3 cm.; 8.4 x 11.5 cm.; 4.3 x 3.6 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Text is badly broken. Ink on verso is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 48. Plate No.: A: 122; B recto: 14, 122; B verso: 14, 123; C recto: 14, 122; C verso: 14, 123.

C.M. No.: 4531.68. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment, mentioning Jonathan and Saul. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on both sides; sloping, skilled hand; on A, possibly 19 lines on recto, 17 on verso. Dimensions: 8.0 x 9.1 cm.; 8.1 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two unconnected fragments. Only the right edge of the text of the recto can be established. Piece is largely lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1 1, 122; verso: 11, 123.



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C.M. No.: 4531.69. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Peter to Epiphanius and Psan. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.6 x 7.6 cm.; 7.2 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Bottom right portion is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 123. Plate No.: 123.

C.M. No.: 4531.70. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter asking for pity. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; 12 lines. Dimensions: 9.3 x 14.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost entirely illegible. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 195. Plate No.: 124.

C.M. No.: 4531.71. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Epiphanius. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 25 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.4 x 19.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 465. Plate No.: 124.

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C.M. No.: 4531.72. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of goods. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.5 x 14.4 cm.; 13.8 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Right portion of text is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 548. Plate No.: 126.

C.M. No.: 4531.73. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from a deacon about confession and other matters. Description: Brown, ribbed. Part A: text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 17 lines; part B: text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: A: 4.3 x 17.4 cm.; B: 13.1 x 16.1 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is washed off. Some text is legible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: A: 11, 124; B recto: 12, 124; B verso: 12, 125.

C.M. No.: 4531.74. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions the Sabbath and (emperor) Constantine. Description: Red-orange, ribbed, with red-brown slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.3 x 9.0 cm.; 13.7 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text of recto is lost. Ink on recto is badly faded, creating a “negative” of the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 11, 124; verso: 11, 125.



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181

C.M. No.: 4531.75. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Besamon to Enoch. Description: Brown, with pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 19 lines. Dimensions: 6.0 x 7.1 cm.; 6.4 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 357. Plate No.: 125.

C.M. No.: 4531.76. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about religious matters. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 12.6 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped and smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 207. Plate No.: 125.

C.M. No.: 4531.77. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a list. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.0 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top, bottom and left portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 563. Plate No.: 125.

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C.M. No.: 4531.78. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isaac about his soul. Description: Brown, ribbed, with beige slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 1 line visible on verso, 8 lines on recto. Dimensions: 6.5 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Ink is rinsed off and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 12, 125; verso: 12, 126.

C.M. No.: 4531.79. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about the milk of a goat. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.5 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and lower right portions of text are broken off. Text is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 126.

C.M. No.: 4531.80. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that mentions Victor and Epiphanius. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 5 lines on recto, 3 visible on verso. Dimensions: 10.6 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded on both sides. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 229. Plate No.: Recto: 126; verso: 127.



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183

C.M. No.: 4531.81. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Kyriakos. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.9 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped and faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 419. Plate No.: 126.

C.M. No.: 4531.82. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Papas. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines, plus an insertion after line 6. Dimensions: 5.5 x 9.4 cm.; 6.8 x 4.5 cm.; 9.4 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Bottom right portion of text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 126.

C.M. No.: 4531.83. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: The name “Patermoute the head man.” Description: Red-orange, ribbed, with white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 5.2 x 3.8 cm. State of Conservation: Only top left corner of text remains. Ink is faded on right edge. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 126.

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C.M. No.: 4531.84. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Andreas asking a favor from a deacon. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 14 lines; an inserted word between lines 10 and 11. Dimensions: 11.3 x 14.7 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Five connecting fragments. Lower left portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 192 Plate No.: 127.

C.M. No.: 4531.85. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac and Ananias. Description: Brown, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines; ink from another line at bottom. Dimensions: 6.5 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Translation alone is published in Epiph., no. 118. Plate No.: 127.

C.M. No.: 4531.86. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Paul to Ananias about corn. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 11.8 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on right side of text is illegible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 325. Plate No.: 127.



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C.M. No.: 4531.87. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions goods to be sent to Ananias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 13.4 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right portion of text is lost. Ink is faded, washed off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 354. Plate No.: 127.

C.M. No.: 4531.88. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a copy of a document. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines plus ink of another at bottom. Dimensions: 6.2 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right, left, and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is rubbed off on bottom. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 128.

C.M. No.: 4531.89. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of request. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 7.9 x 5.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 129.

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C.M. No.: 4531.90. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac concerning payment to be made. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines. Dimensions: 10.9 x 12.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped on lower portion of text. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 285. Plate No.: 127.

C.M. No.: 4531.91. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Pisrael. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.2 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: Only small fragment from center of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 127.

C.M. No.: 4531.92. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter denying transgression. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.2 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion and upper right corner of text are lost. Ink is faded, smudged, and chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 128.



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187

C.M. No.: 4531.93. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account concerning oil. Description: Brown, white slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 14.1 x 12.7 cm. State of Conservation: Text has been charred in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 539. Plate No.: 128.

C.M. No.: 4531.94. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of encouragement. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 7.2 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 498. Plate No.: 128.

C.M. No.: 4531.95. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Ananias. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines; an insertion between lines 1 and 2. Dimensions: 11.6 x 14.3 cm. State of Conservation: The text is chipped at the top. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 282. Plate No.: 175.

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C.M. No.: 4531.96. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods and other matters. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 14.6 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Upper edge of the text is lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 438. Plate No.: 128.

C.M. No.: 4531.97. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods. Description: Brown, ribbed, light brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled; 11 lines. Dimensions: 11.8 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left corner of text is lost. Ink is chipped and rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 525. Plate No.: 128.

C.M. No.: 4531.98. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter urging a settlement between Ezekiel and another. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 12.1 x 7.4 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. The ink has been chipped off in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 196. Plate No.: 129.



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C.M. No.: 4531.99. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning the purchase of corn. Description: Brown, ribbed, light brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 16 lines. Dimensions: 10.4 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 303. Plate No.: 129.

C.M. No.: 4531.100. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter written in reply to another. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 6.6 x 3.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 512. Plate No.: 129.

C.M. No.: 4531.101. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A philosophical treatise. Description: Brown, red-orange slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; Part A, 6 lines visible; Part B, 16 lines; Part C, 9 lines; Part D, 12 lines; Part E, 6 lines. Dimensions: 5.9 x 4.7 cm.; 8.5 x 10.5; 7.4 x 6.9; 7.0 x 8.2; 6.0 x 4.8. State of Conservation: Five fragments. Ink is faded on part C. Because of breakage, text is largely disconnected. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 130.

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C.M. No.: 4531.102. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines plus ink of another. Dimensions: 10.1 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom of text is lost. Ink is chipped in spots. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 252. Plate No.: 129.

C.M. No.: 4531.103. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Ephesians 1:1-3. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 7.9 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 37. Plate No.: Recto: 129; verso: 130.

C.M. No.: 4531.104. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of complaint against Mariam. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines detectable. Dimensions: 12.7 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely illegible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 248. Plate No.: 129.



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C.M. No.: 4531.105. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning payment of a debt. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 13.1 x 12.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 313. Plate No.: 129.

C.M. No.: 4531.106. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Peter to Elias and Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.0 x 13.4 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 279. Plate No.: 131.

C.M. No.: 4531.107. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a debt. Description: Brown, ribbed, cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 14 lines detectable on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 19.1 x 13.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is illegible on recto. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 298. Plate No.: Recto: 130; verso: 131.

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C.M. No.: 4531.108. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter; Archons, Pisrael and Zacharius are mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, dark cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.6 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of text are lost. Ink is faded on the right edge. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 131.

C.M. No.: 4531.109. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Enoch seeking a favor. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 12.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text is damaged. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 130.

C.M. No.: 4531.110. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning ropes. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 14.0 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of text is broken off. Ink is chipped at top. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 398. Plate No.: 131.



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C.M. No.: 4531.111. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.4 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text is badly damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 131.

C.M. No.: 4531.112. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 9.9 x 12.7 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Upper portion of the text is largely lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 565. Plate No.: 131.

C.M. No.: 4531.113. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions “the city and Egypt.” Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines, 1 line on bottom edge. Dimensions: 7.0 x 9.1 cm. State of Conservation: Only left portion of text remains. Ink is rubbed off on the lower right edge. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 12, 132.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4531.114. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Isabel and “this great man.” Description: Brown, traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 11.6 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: Each corner of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 132.

C.M. No.: 4531.115. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about money. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 12.0 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is badly chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 292. Plate No.: 14.

C.M. No.: 4531.116. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account concerning “the objects.” Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 13.3 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge of text is broken off. Ink is rubbed off and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 132.



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C.M. No.: 4531.117. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter requesting freedom from imprisonment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 9.3 x 11.9 cm.; 7.4 x 6.5 cm.; 4.8 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Three fragments. Bottom and central portions of text are lost. Ink is faded and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 219. Plate No.: A: 132; B and C: 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.118. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Moses. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.1 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right portions of the text are lost. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 209. Plate No.: 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.119. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter; Apa Michael and Apa Iohannes are mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pink slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand. Dimensions: 7.7 x 8.8 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text, plus top and bottom, are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 132.

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C.M. No.: 4531.120. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on both sides; small, skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 4 lines on verso. Dimensions: 12.3 x 11.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on verso is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 13, 132; verso: 13, 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.121. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter or sermonette. Description: Red-brown. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines on recto, plus the name Susanna between lines 4 and 5; 6 lines on verso. Dimensions: 7.0 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on verso is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 13, 132; verso: 13, 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.122. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph to Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom right and top of text are broken off. Ink is badly chipped. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 241. Plate No.: 133.



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C.M. No.: 4531.123. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Paham. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.7 x 3.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right and lower portions of the text are broken off. The ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.124 and 34. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that mentions Jacob. Description: White. Text on one side; rapid, semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.9 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only bottom right corner of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.125. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to Iohannes. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 3 lines on recto, 6 lines on verso. Dimensions: 7.3 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only the central portion of the text remains. The ink on the recto is illegible, that on the verso is very faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 125. Plate No.: Recto: 133; verso: 134.

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C.M. No.: 4531.126. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note that mentions another document. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines visible. Dimensions: 3.4 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Only lower right portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.127. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a baptistry. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 7.8 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left portion of the text is lost. The ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 157. Plate No.: 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.128. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Ananias and Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.8 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and lower right portions of the text are lost. A lot of ink is rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 133.



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C.M. No.: 4531.129. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from an ecclesiastical leader. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; perhaps 16 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 5.6 cm.; 3.8 x 4.6 cm.; 6.4 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Four fragments joined into three. The ostracon is badly broken. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 158. Plate No.: 134.

C.M. No.: 4531.130. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter requesting a book. Description: Brown, brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.0 x 18.3 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is almost completely illegible. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 393. Plate No.: 134.

C.M. No.: 4531.131. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list or account that mentions flax. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 6.7 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only the lower right corner of the text remains. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 530. Plate No.: 134.

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C.M. No.: 4531.132. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Ananias asking the recipients to agree. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.6 x 15.5 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of the text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 134.

C.M. No.: 4531.133. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Shenoute to Psan. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 11.6 x 4.9 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of the recto is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Epiph., no. 404. Plate No.: Recto: 133; verso: 134.

C.M. No.: 4531.134. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account concerning goods and money paid. Description: Brown, yellow slip. Text on both sides; possibly three hands, 2 on verso, 1 on recto; 5 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 8.0 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of the recto are broken off. The ink on the lower part of the verso is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 13, 134; verso: 13, 135.



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C.M. No.: 4531.136 (4531.135 is missing). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.7 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of the text are lost. The state of the ink appears as a “negative” of the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.137. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Cream color, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 8 lines are visible on one piece, 6 on the other. Dimensions: 4.8 x 4.2 cm.; 3.8 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Only small unconnected fragments remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 134.

C.M. No.: 4531.138. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account that mentions Iohannes. Description: Brown, ribbed, traces of a white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.9 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 134.

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C.M. No.: 4531.139. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: The beginning of a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 4.8 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only upper left portion of the text remains. The ink is chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.140. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Ezekiel and Isaac to Jacob. Description: Light brown. Text on one side; rapid, semi-skilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.7 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.141. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter requesting Bishop Joseph to send something. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.5 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: The text is very badly damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.



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C.M. No.: 4531.142. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 11 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.8 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: The text is very badly damaged and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.143. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A tax receipt belonging to Iohannes. Description: Brown, buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.5 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 133.

C.M. No.: 4531.144. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, semi-skilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.8 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the left edge of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 136.

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C.M. No.: 4531.145. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Pallamon and Iohannes. Description: Red-orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.9 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small section of the left margin remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.146. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 2 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.5 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Small fragment. Surface of piece is badly damaged; traces of only four letters. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.147. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 3.8 x 2.8 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken off on all sides; only a small fragment remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.



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205

C.M. No.: 4531.148. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 2.8 x 4.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment of the lower portion remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.149. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Christodorus mentioning Elias and Joseph. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; traces of ink on the right edge; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.3 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: The top of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.150. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; the hand is impossible to characterize; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.9 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Only a few letters from the right margin of the text remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4531.151. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Lithros mentioning “money-loving” David. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.2 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: The slip is peeling and the text is damaged in the middle section. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.152. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.6 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only small piece remains of left portion of the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.153. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Red-brown, with white slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.1 x 4.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.



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207

C.M. No.: 4531.154. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.0 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: The right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. The ink is friable, rubbed off and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 13, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.155. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about sins; Epiphanius is mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.0 x 3.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of the text are broken off; only a fragment remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 135.

C.M. No.: 4531.156. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 3.8 x 3.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only upper left corner of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 136.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4531.157. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.8 x 2.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small fragment from the left edge of the text remains. Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 14, 136.

C.M. No.: 4532. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter about harvesting goods, including flax. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 23 lines. Dimensions: 15.3 x 15.7 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Five fragments. Top line of text is chipped; the right side of lines 6 and 7 are broken off. Ink is soiled and faded. Publication Data: Reginald Engelbach, Annales 21 (1921): 74–76. Plate No.: 181, 197.

C.M. No.: 4533. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter from Leontios asking for prayers. Description: Red-orange, cream slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 14 lines on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 13.1 x 17.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on recto is washed off near top; on verso, it is smudged on lower half. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 181, 197; verso: 182.



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C.M. No.: 4534. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization from John and Patermoute to Zacharias to plant. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 13.7 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in center of text. Publication Data: R. Engelbach, Annales 22 (1922): 272. Plate No.: 196.

C.M. No.: 4535. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Paleupa son of Viktor. Description: Light brown, tan slip. Text on one side; rapid, ligatured hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 8.1 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Text is complete. Publication Data: R. Engelbach, Annales 22 (1922): 273–74. Plate No.: 181, 197.

C.M. No.: 4536. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Papnoute son of Phoibamon. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 11.6 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text is legible. Publication Data: R. Engelbach, Annales 22 (1922): 272–73. Plate No.: 197.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4537. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Warning against “the evil heresies.” Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides, top edge; skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 11 on verso, 3 on edge. Dimensions: 7.0 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded, particularly on verso. Publication Data: R. Engelbach, Annales 22 (1922): 270–71. Plate No.: Recto: 176; verso: 177.

C.M. No.: 4538. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 21 lines. Dimensions: 11.9 x 21.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 52, 180.

C.M. No.: 4539. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about payment. Description: Cream, cream slip, traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 12.5 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. Bottom right corner of text is faded, broken. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 52, 182.



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211

C.M. No.: 4540. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter expressing regrets; mentions “the Archangel Michael.” Description: Red-orange, beige slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 10.9 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner and bottom parts of text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 52, 182.

C.M. No.: 4541. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: White, now yellowed. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 7.5 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right edges of the text are chipped off. Ink on the left edge is chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 52, 183.

C.M. No.: 4542. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Cream, slightly ribbed, brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 10.3 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 52, 181.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4543. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Account of distribution of wine. Description: Brown, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines; 3 linear strokes across the text. Dimensions: 10.6 x 15.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded at top. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 41, 53, 179.

C.M. No.: 4544. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list or account. Description: Brown, brown slip. Text one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 11.1 x 13.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and smudged in next to last line. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 53, 179.

C.M. No.: 4545. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about flax and the Apocalypse.  Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 10.5 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Part of the text on the verso has been washed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 53, 184; verso: 54.



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C.M. No.: 4546. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter. Description: White, now darkened. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 12.4 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left and top sides are broken off; ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 53, 183.

C.M. No.: 4547. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter of exhortation. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 12.6 x 12.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of the text is broken off. Ink is faded and rubbed off on the right side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 53, 180.

C.M. No.: 4548. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 15.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of the text is chipped off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 53, 180.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4549. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter about goods delivered. Description: Red-orange, buff slip, ribbed. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 9.5 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Ink is chipped on left side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 41, 54; verso: 55.

C.M. No.: 4550. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a procession. Description: Red, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 14.4 x 9.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right sides of the text are damaged. Ink is faded at bottom. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 41, 54.

C.M. No.: 4551. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Bottom of a dish. Beige with red slip. Text on one side; rapid, semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 5.1 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 41, 54.



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C.M. No.: 4552. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Alphabetic exercise. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; possibly 8 lines. Some doodling on lower half. Dimensions: 9.8 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 42, 54.

C.M. No.: 4553. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Andreas to a woman. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides, top edge; small hand; 10 lines on recto, 10 on verso, 1 on edge. Dimensions: 10.8 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken off on bottom edge. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 42, 54; verso: 55.

C.M. No.: 4554. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Easter calender. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 8 lines on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 11.0 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right, and upper portions of text of recto are broken off. Ink on verso is faded at top. Publication Data: S.K. Brown, “An Easter Calendar on Limestone,” Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Coptic Studies. Plate No.: Recto: 24, 54; verso: 24, 55.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4555. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter authorizing payment. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 11 lines. Dimensions: 13.5 x 14.1 cm. State of Conservation: Top left portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 55.

C.M. No.: 4556. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Account (logos) concerning corn. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 10.8 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of the text on the recto and both sides of the verso are broken off. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 55; verso: 56.

C.M. No.: 4557. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter about a festival. Description: White. Text on both sides; unskilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 8.3 x 5.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and faded. Top right portion of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 54, 55; verso: 56



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217

C.M. No.: 4558. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Account written to Salom[on] concerning nine .... Description: White. Text on one side; skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 5.1 cm. State of Conservation: Only top central portion of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 54, 183.

C.M. No.: 4559. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 11 lines on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 13.7 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left and bottom portions of text of recto are broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 56; verso: 55.

C.M. No.: 4560. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that opens with “If you wish....” Description: White. Text on both sides; unskilled hand; 5 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 8.7 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded completely in center of recto and is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 54; verso: 55.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4561. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter, with an alphabetic exercise at the top. Description: White, now darkened. Text on one side, doodling on back; skilled hand varies in size: large at top, medium in lines 4-7, and small in lines 8-10; 10 lines. Dimensions: 8.5 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: The text is damaged, especially on edges. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 55; verso: 28.

C.M. No.: 4562. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about a payment. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; large, unskilled hand; 6 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 11.7 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, especially on recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 55; verso: 56.

C.M. No.: 4563. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: On recto, the Coptic alphabet; on verso, abbreviations in the Greek alphabet. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines on recto; 5 on verso (a palimpsest). Dimensions: 9.8 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Surface of recto is soiled. Ink on lower verso is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 57; verso: 56.



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C.M. No.: 4564. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about goods purchased and delivered. Description: White, now darkened. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 12.7 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of the text is broken off. Ink is faded, smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 56.

C.M. No.: 4565. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An appeal to several monks for their prayers. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 11.9 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top left portion of text of recto is lost; top of text on verso is chipped off. Ink is faded, friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 57; verso: 56.

C.M. No.: 4566. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter asking for opinion on (fishing) hooks. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 13.8 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom edges of text of recto are broken off. Ink of verso is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 56; verso: 57.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4567. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter detailing terms of penance. Description: Light gray. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 7.0 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text on recto is broken off. Ink is faded on recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 56; verso: 57.

C.M. No.: 4568. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter concerning a marriage gift. Description: White, now darkened. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 17.9 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Ink is soiled and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 57.

C.M. No.: 4569. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about trees. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines on recto, 10 on verso. Dimensions: 12.2 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom portions of text are broken off on both sides. Ink is friable, chipped off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 58; verso: 59.



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C.M. No.: 4570. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter of consolation. Description: White. Text on both sides; unskilled hand; 8 lines visible on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 5.5 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of the text of the recto is chipped off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 57; verso: 58.

C.M. No.: 4571. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about a field. Description: White. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 7.7 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is soiled on recto. Text of verso is extremely faint. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 57; verso: 58.

C.M. No.: 4572. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about inheritance matters. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, traces of ink on verso. Dimensions: 12.7 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text of verso is rinsed off. Upper right corner of recto is broken off. Ink is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 58; verso: 59.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4573. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Letter authorizing payment. Description: Gray, originally white. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 7.1 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of text on recto is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 57; verso: 58.

C.M. No.: 4574. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about the disposition of a deceased person’s property. Description: Gray, originally white. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 12 lines on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 14.0 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and rubbed off near edges. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 58; verso: 57.

C.M. No.: 4575. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that lists martyrs. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 9.0 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge and lower right corner of text on recto are chipped off. Ink of recto is soiled; ink of verso is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 58; verso: 59.



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C.M. No.: 4576. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 11.9 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 58; verso: 59.

C.M. No.: 4577. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Affirmation of innocence by Aaron and Platein. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on one side; small, semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 12.5 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 59.

C.M. No.: 4578. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter concerning a festival. Description: White, now darkened and soiled. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 19 lines on recto, 20 on verso. Dimensions: 17.9 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text of recto is badly faded; verso is faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 58; verso: 59.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4579. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An account. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 7 on verso in two columns. Dimensions: 12.5 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of recto is broken off; verso is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 59; verso: 60.

C.M. No.: 4580. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.5 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom edges of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 59.

C.M. No.: 4581. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A list of saints. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 59.



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C.M. No.: 4582. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about money matters. Description: White, now darkened and soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 17 lines on recto, 18 on verso. Dimensions: 12.5 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on the verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 24, 60, 182; verso: 61.

C.M. No.: 4583. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter mentioning several persons. Description: White. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; two hands on verso; 12 lines on recto, 10 on verso. Dimensions: 7.0 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is mostly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 61; verso: 60.

C.M. No.: 4584. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter about goods sent. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 7.7 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken off on top, right, and left sides. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 59.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4585. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: White, now darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 3 on verso. Dimensions: 8.4 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on recto is faded; ink on left side of verso is faded and friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 61; verso: 60.

C.M. No.: 4586. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter from Phoibamon. Description: White. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 9.5 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top and sides of both texts are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 60, 184; verso: 2 5, 61.

C.M. No.: 4587. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides and end; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 11 on verso, and 1 on bottom edge. Dimensions: 7.5 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is badly broken. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 25, 61; verso: 25, 60.



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C.M. No.: 4588. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: On recto, a sketch; on verso, a list or account. Description: White, soiled. Recto has sketch of a man falling out of a tree, with an Arabic inscription in upper left corner; hand of verso is unskilled; 6 lines on verso. Dimensions: 18.0 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: Text on verso is damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25.

C.M. No.: 4589. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: White. Text on one side that continues onto the right edge; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 16.1 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left edges of text are chipped off. Ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 178.

C.M. No.: 4590. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 5.0 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left edge of recto is broken off and ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 61; verso: 2 5, 62.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4591. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about goods. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines detectable. Dimensions: 14.2 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only “negative” of text is detectable since the ink has been washed off. Lower left corner of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 60, 180.

C.M. No.: 4592. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, white slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 14.2 x 11.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 61.

C.M. No.: 4593. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter containing a list of names. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.7 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken off on left and bottom sides. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 60, 181.



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C.M. No.: 4594. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 12 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.5 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 61.

C.M. No.: 4595. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a payment made. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 11 lines detectable. Dimensions: 11.5 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 60, 179.

C.M. No.: 4596. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a payment made. Description: Brown, ribbed, traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.1 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 42, 63.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4597. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side: semi-skilled hand with some ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.7 x 12.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 62, 182.

C.M. No.: 4598. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 7.6 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 61.

C.M. No.: 4599. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream with red slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 19 lines visible. Dimensions: 15.2 x 16.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 62, 179.



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C.M. No.: 4600. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 11.7 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 61.

C.M. No.: 4601. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand, some ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 4.4 x 10.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only left edge of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 61.

C.M. No.: 4602. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Red-brown, ribbed, buff slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 10.8 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 41, 62, 179.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4603. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.0 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left corner of text is broken off. Ink is very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 25, 62, 188.

C.M. No.: 4604. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 11.3 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Text is badly damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 62, 187.

C.M. No.: 4605. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.6 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text is badly damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 62, 187.



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C.M. No.: 4606. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about wine. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 10.3 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded and obscured by soiling. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 63, 186.

C.M. No.: 4607. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 13.5 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: Parts of text are smudged or blotted. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 63, 185.

C.M. No.: 4608. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 6.7 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left, and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 63, 188.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4609. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 63, 187.

C.M. No.: 4610. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about sacrificing. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 13.9 x 11.8 cm. State of Conservation: Top right corner of text is chipped off. Ink is smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 173.

C.M. No.: 4611. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; small, semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 5.4 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right, and bottom portions of text are broken off. Right side is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 63, 188.



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C.M. No.: 4612. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of persons. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is broken off. Ink is rubbed off in lines 5 and 8. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 64, 188.

C.M. No.: 4613, 4614 (one piece). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list or account. Description: Red-brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines plus a series of vertical lines at bottom of piece. Dimensions: 13.3 x 9.6 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 41, 63, 186.

C.M. No.: 4615. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 11.3 x 10.6 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken on left side. Ink is chipped in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 64, 186.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4616. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 17 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 13.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 64, 187.

C.M. No.: 4617. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; small, semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 7.2 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 64, 188.

C.M. No.: 4618. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter promising payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 7.6 x 8.8 cm. State of Conservation: Surface of sherd is rough, affecting the script. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 185, 198.



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C.M. No.: 4619. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning agricultural matters. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 6.9 x 5.1 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26; 185, 198.

C.M. No.: 4620. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a camel. Description: Brown, ribbed, traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 10.1 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is generally faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 186, 198.

C.M. No.: 4621. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of invitation. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 9.5 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top right and lower right corners of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 185, 198.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4622. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Orange,red-brown slip, traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 12.7 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Surface of text is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 185, 198.

C.M. No.: 4623. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 4.4 x 5.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 185, 198.

C.M. No.: 4624. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 5.6 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Surface is soiled. Top, left and right portions of text are broken off. Ink is rubbed off and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 185, 198.



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C.M. No.: 4625. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, red-brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side, left edge; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines, 1 on left edge. Dimensions: 6.2 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Top, right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Surface is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 27, 185, 198.

C.M. No.: 4626. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning land. Description: Orange, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.5 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 65.

C.M. No.: 4627. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about produce. Description: Light brown, beige slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 6.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 65.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4528. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Theodoros authorizing payment and assuring his devotion. Description: Light brown, buff slip. Text on one side; small, skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 65.

C.M. No.: 4629. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Receipt for camels. Description: Red with cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 12.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded and surface of text is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 65.

C.M. No.: 4630. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a list or account. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 15.2 x 15.5 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Bottom and left portions of the text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 65.



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C.M. No.: 4631. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about produce. Description: Red, buff slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 14.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text is badly faded in middle lines. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 65.

C.M. No.: 4632. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Account or receipt. Description: Light brown, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semiskilled hand with ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded near top of piece. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 65.

C.M. No.: 4633. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines, a design at the bottom. Dimensions: 4.3 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink of text is faded and smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 26, 66.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4634. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note concerning land. Description: Red-orange, dark cream slip. Text on one side; hasty, semi-skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 5.0 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 66.

C.M. No.: 4635. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: White, soiled. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 9.7 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top right and bottom left portions of text of recto, and left side of text of verso, are broken off. Ink is faded and friable on the verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 66; verso: 67.

C.M. No.: 4638 (4636 and 4637 are books in the Coptic Museum library). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a document. Description: Red-brown, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines. Dimensions: 8.2 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right portion of text is broken off. Ink is friable and faded. Surface is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 66.



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243

C.M. No.: 4639. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 11.0 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Text is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 66.

C.M. No.: 4640. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, unskilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 9.9 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of text are broken off. Ink is smudged and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 66.

C.M. No.: 4641. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning money paid. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch at the top end of sherd. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 10.1 x 18.1 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner of text is broken off. Ink is faded, especially on bottom half and right side of text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 66.

244

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4642. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt belonging to Paul son of Mathias. Description: Buff, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 67.

C.M. No.: 4643. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 2.3 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Top and lower portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 67.

C.M. No.: 4644. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 14 on verso. Dimensions: 11.2 x 11.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 67; verso: 68.



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C.M. No.: 4645. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 12 on verso. Dimensions: 6.5 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Text is generally faded. Top and right sides of recto are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 27, 67; verso: 27, 68.

C.M. No.: 4646. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on one side; hasty, semi-skilled hand, with ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 9.5 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Slip is peeling on right side of piece, taking text with it. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 27, 67.

C.M. No.: 4647. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning lack of payment. Description: Light orange, brown slip. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 10.5 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Text is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 27, 68; verso: 27, 187, 199.

246

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4648. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-brown, slightly ribbed. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 13.3 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Text of recto is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 27, 186, 200; verso: 27, 187, 199.

C.M. No.: 4649. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Green-buff. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 8 on verso. Dimensions: 7.0 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and bottom parts of recto are lost, as is the right part of text of verso. Ink is faded and smudged. Surface is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 27, 68, 188; verso: 27, 199.

C.M. No.: 4650. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-brown, ribbed. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 11 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 5.2 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and bottom portions of text of recto are lost; text is broken on all sides of verso. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 27, 67; verso: 27, 68.



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C.M. No.: 4651. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A hymn or psalm, or possibly a commentary on a Theotokia. Description: White, darkened on verso. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand; 9 lines on recto; 9 on verso. Dimensions: 7.7 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top of recto and top of verso are lost. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 27, 67; verso: 27, 68.

C.M. No.: 4652. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter to Daniel. Description: White. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 16 lines on recto, 19 on verso. Dimensions: 10.8 x 13.9 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is badly faded on both sides; a scorch mark appears on the recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 27, 45, 199; verso: 27, 68.

C.M. No.: 4653. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter requesting prayers. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on both sides; verso includes sketch; skilled hand; 12 lines visible on recto, 3 on verso. Dimensions: 32.1 x 15.1 cm. State of Conservation: Text is very badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 2, 44, 69; verso: 2, 70.

248

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4654. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a homily. Description: White, although darkened slightly. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 13.6 x 18.2 cm. State of Conservation: Text is damaged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 2, 178.

C.M. No.: 4655. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White, darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 19 lines on recto, 18 on verso. Dimensions: 12.9 x 15.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and illegible in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 2, 199; verso: 2, 44, 200.

C.M. No.: 4656. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: An account of produce to be sold. Description: White, although darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 13.2 x 16.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 2, 200, 202.



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C.M. No.: 4657. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter or promisory note. Description: White, darkened. Text on one side; traces of 2 letters on verso; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 10.9 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is blotted in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 2, 199, 202.

C.M. No.: 4658. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: White, darkened. Text on one side; skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right portions of text are broken off. Ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 2, 69, 202.

C.M. No.: 4659. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter that mentions a certain Paul. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on both sides; unskilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 13 on verso; letters on left of recto. Dimensions: 12.3 x 17.9 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom left of recto and lower right corner of verso are broken off. Ink is faded, chipped. Surfaces are soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 2, 45, 70; verso: 2, 69.

250

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4660. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter concerning business matters. Description: White, darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines on recto, 13 on verso. Dimensions: 9.1 x 11.0 cm. State of Conservation: Soiled. Left and right portions of text of recto and top of verso are lost. Ink is friable. Ink of verso is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 2, 69, 202; verso: 2, 70.

C.M. No.: 4661. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: White, soiled. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 2 lines plus geometric designs. Dimensions: 9.3 x 12.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink of the letters is faded, friable. The sketches are clearer. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 2.

C.M. No.: 4662. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Excerpt from a sermon on divine wrath. Description: White, darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 11 lines visible on recto, 10 on verso. Dimensions: 6.5 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top, right and left edges of both sides are broken off. Surface of recto is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 2, 69; verso: 3, 45, 70.



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251

C.M. No.: 4663. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter concerning the return of goods. Description: White, darkened. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 12 lines on recto, 12 on verso. Dimensions: 5.5 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left part of recto and left part of verso are broken off. Ink is faded and friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 2, 70; verso: 3, 45, 71.

C.M. No.: 4664. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: White. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 9 lines on recto, 8 detectable on verso. Dimensions: 9.7 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: The text is badly damaged on both sides. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 45, 69; verso: 3, 70.

C.M. No.: 4665. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter. Description: White. Text on both sides; rapid, unskilled hand; 6 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 15.2 x 8.8 cm. State of Conservation: Lower left edge of text of recto is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 29, 45; verso: 3, 29, 72.

252

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4666. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Isaac concerning money matters. Description: Cream, red-brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.5 x 15.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 202.

C.M. No.: 4667. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate; in Arabic (between 8th and 10th centuries). Description: Cream, red slip. Text on both sides, in Arabic; semiskilled hand; 1 line on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 18.0 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very faded on verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 29, 46, 71; verso: 3, 29, 72.

C.M. No.: 4668. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 16.2 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 29, 46, 71; verso: 3, 29, 72.



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253

C.M. No.: 4669. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning payment. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines on recto, 3 on verso. Dimensions: 5.4 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of recto is broken off. Ink is smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 47, 71; verso: 3, 72.

C.M. No.: 4670. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning payment. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.4 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken on all sides. Ink is faded at top of text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 47, 71.

C.M. No.: 4671. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, red slip on recto, buff slip on verso. Text on both sides; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines visible on both recto and verso. Dimensions: 4.8 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of recto and top and left portions of verso are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 47, 71; verso: 3, 72.

254

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4672. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, with white slip. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand with ligatures; 3 lines on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 3.7 x 4.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 45, 71; verso: 3, 72.

C.M. No.: 4673. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning payment. Description: Red, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines dectectable. Dimensions: 7.9 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 45, 72.

C.M. No.: 4674. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, with buff slip on outside. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.7 x 4.9 cm. State of Conservation: Text is broken on all sides. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 45.



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255

C.M. No.: 4675. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, red slip on recto. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand; 3 lines on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 4.7 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of recto are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 45.

C.M. No.: 4676. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a design combined with a text. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; could be 6 lines. Dimensions: 3.9 x 5.0 cm. State of Conservation: The piece is broken on all sides. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 47.

C.M. No.: 4677. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 4.0 x 2.1 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the left margin remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 45.

256

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4678. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter concerning recent news. Description: Cream, cream slip; pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 5.0 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 47.

C.M. No.: 4679. Object: Ceramic decoration. Material: Pottery. Subject: The head of a toy horse. Description: Cream with cream slip, paint and ink. Dimensions: 4.8 x 3.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only the head of the horse remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 45.

C.M. No.: 4680. Object: Ceramic decoration. Material: Pottery. Subject: Head of a toy horse. Description: Cream with cream slip, paint and ink. Dimensions: 3.6 x 3.3 cm. State of Conservation: Only the head remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 45.



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257

C.M. No.: 4681. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 3.5 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the left margin of the text is preserved. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 47.

C.M. No.: 4682. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter with instructions to pay Isaac. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on the back surface; semi-skilled hand; 20 lines visible. Dimensions: 13.5 x 16.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom edges of text are chipped off. Ink is faded and rubbed off. Surface is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 46.

C.M. No.: 4683. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines on recto, 5 letters on verso. Dimensions: 12.0 x 14.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded badly. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 3, 46.

258

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4684. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions a certain Iohanes. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 13.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 46, 73.

C.M. No.: 4685. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of numbers. Description: Red-orange, buff slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47, 202.

C.M. No.: 4686. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning produce. Description: Cream, red-orange slip, traces of pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 5.9 x 9.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47, 73.



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259

C.M. No.: 4687. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Cream, red slip. Rim of a bowl. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 8.2 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 3, 47; verso: 3, 73.

C.M. No.: 4688. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account that concerns produce. Description: Buff color, red slip. Rim of a bowl. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 9.3 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of the text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47.

C.M. No.: 4689. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, red-orange slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 4.0 x 3.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is blotted and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47.

260

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4690. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Phoibamon and Joseph. Description: Cream, red-orange slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines; 1 line on bottom edge. Dimensions: 8.6 x 13.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very faded and smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47, 73.

C.M. No.: 4691. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom portions of text are broken off. Ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47.

C.M. No.: 4692. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt that belongs to Aaron son of Paul. Description: Light brown, buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 10 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.0 x 9.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47.



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261

C.M. No.: 4693. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account concerning wine. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 7.9 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is damaged and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47.

C.M. No.: 4694. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a contract. Description: Dark brown, almost black, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 6.0 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 49.

C.M. No.: 4695. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A tax receipt that belongs to Samuel son of Iohannes. Description: Brown, buff slip. Text on one side; hasty, ligatured hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of the text is damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47.

262

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4696. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A promise of payment to Isaac the Ethiopian. Description: Red, yellow buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.4 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and blotted. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

C.M. No.: 4697. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A blessing for Papnoute son of Psiosh. Description: Red-orange, yellow buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.1 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and is beginning to peel off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48, 73.

C.M. No.: 4698. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream color. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Some blotting of the text has occurred in first line. Only the right portion of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 47.



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263

C.M. No.: 4699. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Light brown. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible, plus ink of one letter at the bottom. Dimensions: 9.9 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: The left side of the text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

C.M. No.: 4700. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Light brown, with cream slip. Text on one side; rather skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.0 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable, rubbed off and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

C.M. No.: 4701. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note about a struggle or difficulty. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.8 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

264

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4702. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A note concerning Georgios. Description: Light brown, light brown slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.0 x 4.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of the left margin is preserved. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

C.M. No.: 4703. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.4 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

C.M. No.: 4704. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Dark brown, almost black, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 10.7 x 9.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is somewhat faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 49.



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265

C.M. No.: 4705. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, red-orange slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines visible plus one line along left side of the text. Dimensions: 6.9 x 8.8 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 49, 73.

C.M. No.: 4706. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of confession or remorse. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; small, semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 6.1 x 10.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 49, 73.

C.M. No.: 4707. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter expressing love. Description: Brown, ribbed, brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 7.7 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Ink is faded and chipped in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 49, 73.

266

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4708. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, white sealer on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; 13 lines. Dimensions: 6.6 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left and top portions of the text are broken. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48, 73.

C.M. No.: 4709. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, dark cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 5.8 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and damaged. Slip is peeling off, removing the text with it. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

C.M. No.: 4710. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-brown, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.8 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48, 73.



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267

C.M. No.: 4711. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about the author coming to visit the recipient. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.1 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top left and right corners of text are broken off. Ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 49.

C.M. No.: 4712. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letter that mentions Antinoë. Description: Cream color, red-orange slip, ribbed, traces of pitch on back. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines. Dimensions: 5.5 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom sides of the text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 4, 48.

C.M. No.: 4713. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Light brown, yellow buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand with ligatures; 17 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.6 x 15.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of text are broken off. Ink is very faded and smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 50, 74.

268

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4714. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, pink slip, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 6.9 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and right portions of text are broken off. Ink is friable, faded and smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 49.

C.M. No.: 4715. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning Athanasius and measures of liquid. Description: Red-orange, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.0 x 13.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right sides of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 50, 74.

C.M. No.: 4716. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, white slip on recto. Text on both sides; 2 semi-skilled hands; 6 lines detectable on recto; 5 lines on verso. Dimensions: 7.8 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, especially on recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 5, 48, 74; verso: 5.



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C.M. No.: 4717. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter requesting that certain articles be sent. Description: Red-orange, yellow buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.0 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 15, 48, 74.

C.M. No.: 4718. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions a certain Andreas. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: The sides and the bottom of the text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 49, 74.

C.M. No.: 4719. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter about property matters. Description: Red-orange, yellow buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 12 lines detectable. Dimensions: 12.0 x 16.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 50, 74.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4720. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning money and purple dye. Description: Cream color, red-orange slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 8.8 cm. State of Conservation: The text is broken all around. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 48.

C.M. No.: 4721. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a dispute. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 16 lines. Dimensions: 9.8 x 14.4 cm. State of Conservation: The left portion of the text is broken off. Ink is faded and rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 49, 74.

C.M. No.: 4722. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a treatise on God’s magnificence. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.9 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. The ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 43, 75.



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C.M. No.: 4723. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a receipt. Description: Red-orange, slightly ribbed, red slip on both sides. Text on both sides; semi-skilled, rapid hand; 8 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 7.9 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only the top margins of the text are preserved. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 5, 17, 43, 75; verso: 5, 18, 76, 210.

C.M. No.: 4724. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an excerpt from a discourse. Description: Red, buff slip on recto. Text on both sides; semiskilled hand; 23 lines on recto, 20 on verso. Dimensions: 14.3 x 19.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded on both sides. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 5, 76; verso: 5, 43, 211.

C.M. No.: 4725. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A document concerning money and produce matters. Description: Red, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 21 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.4 x 13.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 44, 75.

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C.M. No.: 4726. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a discourse on priesthood. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on both sides; skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 8.7 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, especially on verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 5, 44, 75; verso: 5, 76, 210.

C.M. No.: 4727. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about an agreement on wheat. Description: Brown, almost black, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 7.9 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 43, 75.

C.M. No.: 4728. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Iohanes the presbyter. Description: Brown, ribbed, red-brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 7.2 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of the text are broken off. Ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 43, 75.



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C.M. No.: 4729. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter of gratitude about being healed. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 10.2 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right and upper left portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 43, 75.

C.M. No.: 4730. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a meeting or council. Description: Red-orange with yellow slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.0 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 42, 75.

C.M. No.: 4731. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a book. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.8 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. The ink is rubbed off and friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 42, 201.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4732. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines. Dimensions: 6.0 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of the text are broken off. The ink is rubbed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 42, 201.

C.M. No.: 4733. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a homily on virtue. Description: Red-orange, white slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.7 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and sides of the text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 5, 6, 44, 76.

C.M. No.: 4734. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.3 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions of the text are broken off. Slip is peeling and removing text with it. Ink is faded and friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 42, 201.



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C.M. No.: 4735. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side and on bottom edge; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines, plus 1 on bottom edge. Dimensions: 9.3 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Broken all around. Ink is faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 42, 201.

C.M. No.: 4736. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter authorizing payment. Description: Brown, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 10 lines. Dimensions: 3.9 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small fragment remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 42, 201.

C.M. No.: 4737. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Recto: indeterminate; verso is possibly a homily. Description: Red-orange, buff slip on recto. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 14 lines on recto, 12 on verso. Dimensions: 10.1 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: Surface of recto is peeling, removing text with it. Left and right portions of recto and top and left portions of verso are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 6, 76; 44, 211; verso: 6, 201.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4738. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning property matters. Description: Dark brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 6.5 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: Some lines are illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 42, 76, 210.

C.M. No.: 4743.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; a certain Victor is mentioned. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 4 lines plus a design. Dimensions: 8.9 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right and left edges of the text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 136.

C.M. No.: 4743.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter affirming obedience. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; two hands, one is skilled, the other semi-skilled; 4 lines of the first are visible, 3 lines of the latter. Dimensions: 12.9 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: The bottom of the text of the first hand is broken off. The ink of line 3 of the second hand is rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 136.



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C.M. No.: 4743.3. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter signed by Koulouj. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 11.9 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is generally faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 136.

C.M. No.: 4743.4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Joseph concerning money matters. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 17 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.7 x 19.8 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right edges of text are broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 136.

C.M. No.: 4743.5. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Victor and Patermouthe. Description: Red-orange, with yellow buff slip. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.7 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom sides of text are lost. Ink is badly smudged in lines 3 and 4. An earlier text has been blotted out. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 137.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4743.6. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning the sale of goods. Description: Red-orange, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; ligatures; 10 lines; an insert between lines 6 and 7. Dimensions: 14.7 x 13.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top and bottom right portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded at top and smudged on left side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 136.

C.M. No.: 4743.7. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about payment to Daniel through Patermoute. Description: Red-orange, with a double slip: cream and red-brown. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 6 lines plus two inserts. Dimensions: 15.1 x 11.4 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Surface on left side is chipped, making ink illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 137.

C.M. No.: 4743.8. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Light brown, ribbed, with light brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.5 x 14.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished Plate No.: 6, 137.



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C.M. No.: 4643.9. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a summons. Description: Orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 15.6 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right and lower left portions of text are broken off. Ink on left side is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 6, 137.

C.M. No.: 4743.10. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Letters about a payment: one from Paham, a reply from Iohanes. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on both sides; small, semi-skilled hand; 13 lines on recto, 9 on verso. Dimensions: 8.6 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged or faded in places. Lines 3 and 4 of verso are illegible due to blotting and rewriting by scribe. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 6, 138; verso: 7, 139.

C.M. No.: 4743.11. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Victor. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.8 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 138.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4743.12. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Cerenthius. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; hand appears to be semi-skilled; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 11.0 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost entirely illegible because of damage to surface. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 137.

C.M. No.: 4743.13. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a family dispute. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.3 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded near top. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 137.

C.M. No.: 4743.14. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about the certification of goods. Description: Brown, ribbed, red-brown slip. Text on one side; hand appears to be semi-skilled; 14 lines detectable. Dimensions: 11.2 x 11.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 138.



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C.M. No.: 4743.15. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning the abuse of a person’s house. Description: Light brown, red-brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 15 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.1 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: The surface of the sherd is rough. The top and bottom portions of the text are lost. The ink is faded in the top portion. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 138.

C.M. No.: 4743.16. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about money. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines visible. Dimensions: 10.1 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 138.

C.M. No.: 4843.17. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about goods or property; Victor is mentioned. Description: Red-orange. Text on one side; part of a platter; semiskilled hand; 11 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.6 x 14.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded in places. Left and top portions of the text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 138.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4743.18. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A sketch or design. Description: Cream with dark cream slip. Design on one side: the head of a bird and other designs are visible. Dimensions: 13.2 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Surface of the design is chipped. The bottom portion is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 139.

C.M. No.: 4743.19. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 13.1 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost completely faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.20. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account that refers to an earlier letter. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.6 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 139.



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C.M. No.: 4743.21. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods, including wine. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.4 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.22. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Tax receipt that belongs to Victor. Description: Light brown with yellow slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand with ligatures; 13 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.2 x 13.4 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of text is broken off. Ink is largely faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 139.

C.M. No.: 4743.23. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter or an account; Abraham is mentioned. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled, ornamental hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.6 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: Left side of text is broken off. Ink exhibits evidence of erasure in line 4. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 139.

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C.M. No.: 4743.24. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about send something. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 9 lines, plus an apparent insert between lines 8 and 9. Dimensions: 8.4 x 9.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom edges of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 139.

C.M. No.: 4743.25. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A sketch. Description: Brown with red-brown slip. Design on one side: possibly legs and plumage of a bird. Dimensions: 8.4 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right parts of the sketch are broken off. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 8, 139.

C.M. No.: 4743.26. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A discussion about a person who is idle and troubled. Description: Light brown, with buff and orange slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines on recto, 7 visible on verso. Dimensions: 10.4 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink of verso is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 7, 139; verso: 7, 140.



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C.M. No.: 4743.27. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a receipt. Description: Red-brown, buff slip and traces of pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 12.4 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: The text is badly damaged because the slip has largely flaked off the surface. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 7, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.28. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a payment made through Apa Victor. Description: Red-orange, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.2 x 11.3 cm. State of Conservation: The top and right sides of the text are lost. Ink is faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 141.

C.M. No.: 4743.29. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning a house. Description: Red-orange. Text on one side; rapid, semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 3 lines visible with traces of ink from a fourth. Dimensions: 12.4 x 10.0 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of the left edge of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 141.

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C.M. No.: 4743.30. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that makes a request. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; hasty, semi-skilled hand; some ligatures; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.8 x 5.7 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right and lower left portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.31. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.6 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and right portions of text are broken off. Ink of top two lines is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.32. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Beige, ribbed, with red-orange slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.7 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: The left portion of the text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 140.



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C.M. No.: 4743.33. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter requesting that the recipient write back. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 11 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.6 x 9.1 cm. State of Conservation: The text is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.34. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about a molding. Description: Brown, with pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.9 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded badly, producing a “negative” of the text in some places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.35. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Cream, ribbed, with red-orange slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.2 x 14.2 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is very badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 141.

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C.M. No.: 4743.36. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about payment to Apa Gregorios. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 12 lines visible; lines 5, 7 and 9 may have been inserted. Dimensions: 11.6 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 140.

C.M. No.: 4743.37. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pitch on back. Text on both sides; skill of hand on recto cannot be determined; semi-skilled hand on verso; 9 lines detectable on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 9.5 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is extremely faded, rendering the text illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 141.

C.M. No.: 4743.38. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Beige, with buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.0 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: All edges of the text are broken off. The ink is very badly faded and damaged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 141.



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C.M. No.: 4743.39. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, ribbed, with red-orange slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand with ligatures; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.6 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: The text is very badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 141.

C.M. No.: 4743.40 and 4743.69. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a prayer mentioning the Father and Holy Spirit. Description: Red-brown, with light brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.5 x 9.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of the text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 8, 141.

C.M. No.: 4743.41. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions “the account.” Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.8 x 13.0 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is badly faded and damaged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 141.

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C.M. No.: 4743.42. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A prayer that mentions Apa David and Apa Gregorios. Description: Red-orange, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand. One part has been rinsed off of the top. A short notation stands beside the main text. 15 lines are detectable, plus the accompanying note. Dimensions: 7.4 x 9.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the main text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.43. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An alphabetical exercise. Description: Red-orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; careful, semi-skilled hand; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.1 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.44. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A sketch of an unidentified animal. Description: Cream, with dark cream slip. Portion of a painted animal appears on one side. Dimensions: 6.7 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: At least two sides of the painted piece are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.



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C.M. No.: 4743.45. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning wages. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.0 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: The left and top sides of the text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.46. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; only traces of ink remain. Dimensions: 5.6 x 9.4 cm. State of Conservation: Nothing legible remains of the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.47. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Light brown, brown slip. Text on both sides; open, semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible on recto, 2 letters on verso. Dimensions: 6.9 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: The text is badly broken. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4743.48. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter about property. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.1 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of the text is broken off. Lines 2 and 3 are badly blotted. The ink is generally faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.49. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter that mentions Peter. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.0 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: The bottom left portion is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.50. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.1 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the left edge is preserved. Ink is damaged in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.



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C.M. No.: 4743.51. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.9 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of left side of the text is preserved. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.52. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.7 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.53. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account or receipt for wood. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.0 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Only the lower right portion of the text is preserved. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

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C.M. No.: 4743.54. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Red-orange, with dark cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.7 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 142.

C.M. No.: 4743.55. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Excerpt from a sermon on church service. Description: Red-orange, ribbed, yellow buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines visible on recto, 11 on verso. Dimensions: 7.2 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and bottom parts of the text of the recto are lost. Surface of recto is rough. Ink on verso is very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 9, 142; verso: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.56. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Script becomes smaller and tighter near bottom. Right and upper left portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.



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C.M. No.: 4743.57. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, slightly ribbed, pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 4 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.7 x 4.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and damaged. Only a small fragment remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.58. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.4 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.59. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; Kyriakos is mentioned. Description: Brown, ribbed, with brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.6 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only a very small portion of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

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C.M. No.: 4743.60. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about ecclesiastical matters. Description: Cream, with red slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.2 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of text remains. The ink is generally faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.61. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Apparently a design made up of straight lines and a circle. Description: Red-orange with brown slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; possibly 2 lines. Dimensions: 4.5 x 6.0 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment of the design remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.62. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.1 x 6.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is somewhat faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.



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C.M. No.: 4743.63. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account or receipt. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.1 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: The text is largely faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.64. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Hello that mentions the Sabbath and Victor. Description: Light brown. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines visible on recto, 4 lines on verso. Dimensions: 4.5 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of text of recto are broken off. Ink on verso is very faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 9, 143; verso: 9, 144.

C.M. No.: 4743.65. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; open, semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.5 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of the text remains; the same text as 4743.47, although the pieces do not join directly. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

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C.M. No.: 4743.66. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An Arabic alphabetic exercise. Description: Red, with cream slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 5.9 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.67. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.5 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the left side remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.68. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, slightly ribbed. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.6 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of the right side remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 9, 143.



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C.M. No.: 4743.70 and 4743.81. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; Kyriakos is mentioned. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Top, right and lower portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

C.M. No.: 4743.71. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pitch on back. Text on one side, plus the bottom edge; semi-skilled hand; 8 lines; ink on bottom edge. Dimensions: 8.2 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

C.M. No.: 4743.72. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.1 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small fragment of the left side remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 143.

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C.M. No.: 4743.73. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.0 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of right side remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.74. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names. Description: Red-orange, with buff slip. Text on one side; small, skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 3.7 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only small fragments of left side of the text remain. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 143.

C.M. No.: 4743.75. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Buff color. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines detectable on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 6.5 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and broken. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 10, 144; verso: 10, 145.



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C.M. No.: 4743.76. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, ribbed, pink slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.2 x 4.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small fragment of the right side remains. The text is badly faded and chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

C.M. No.: 4743.77. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Light brown, with red-orange slip. Text on one side; small, semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.7 x 4.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

C.M. No.: 4743.78. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, with red-orange slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 7 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.5 x 4.6 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of the text are broken off. The ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

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C.M. No.: 4743.79. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter or account. Description: Buff, with rough surface. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.2 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and chipped. Only a small fragment remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

C.M. No.: 4743.80. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, buff slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; text consists of lines and signs that are difficult to decipher; 6 lines detectable on recto, 3 on verso. Dimensions: 5.7 x 2.6 cm. State of Conservation: A small fragment. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 10, 144; verso: 10, 145.

C.M. No.: 4743.82. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, cream slip on recto, white slip on verso. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 3.8 x 3.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment remains. The text is faded on both sides. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 10, 144; verso: 10, 145.



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C.M. No.: 4743.83. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a prayer. Description: Light brown, slightly ribbed, red-brown slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines on recto, ink of 2 lines on verso. Dimensions: 3.5 x 3.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment remains. The ink on the verso is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

C.M. No.: 4743.84. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange, with cream slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 16 lines. Dimensions: 10.7 x 15.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion of the text is broken off. Ink is largely illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 10, 144.

C.M. No.: 4744. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A sketch of horse, two geometrical designs and a bird appear on the recto; a sketch of a bird appears on the verso. Description: White, soiled. Unskilled artist. Red ink. Dimensions: 21.8 x 17.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rinsed off in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1; verso: 2.

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C.M. No.: 4745. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: On recto, only the name Jesus Christ is legible; on verson, doodling and sketches. Description: White, slightly soiled on verso. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand on recto, two hands on verso, one with ligatures; 9 lines detectable on recto, scattered writing on verso. Dimensions: 11.5 x 25.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is washed off on recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 1.

C.M. No.: 4746. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A sketch of a horse and other geometrical designs. Description: White, soiled. Drawing on one side; unskilled artist. Dimensions: 20.3 x 15.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of sketch is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 1.

C.M. No.: 4747. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a letter in Greek on the recto; doodling on the verso. Description: White. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand on recto, unskilled hand on verso; 4 lines detectable on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 21.6 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is very faded and friable on recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1, 201; verso: 43, 77.



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C.M. No.: 4748. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Sketches of geometric designs. Description: White. Text on one side; unskilled hand; only a few letters along with the designs. Dimensions: 12.1 x 12.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rinsed off in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 1.

C.M. No.: 4749. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: White, darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines detectable on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 13.0 x 10.3 cm. State of Conservation: Text is very badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1, 201; verso: 1, 77.

C.M. No.: 4750. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a letter about sending something. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.4 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top, right and bottom portions are lost. Ink is faded, friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 1, 201.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 4751. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: A letter, possibly about sowing. Description: White, slightly darkened. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 12 lines visible on recto, 6 lines detectable on verso. Dimensions: 5.3 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text of recto is lost. Ink of verso is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1, 43, 77, 210; verso: 1, 78.

C.M. No.: 4752. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a statement of belief or a confession. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 4.2 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Surface is rough. Right portion of the text is lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 1, 43, 77, 210.

C.M. No.: 4753. Object: Ostracon. Material: Limestone. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: White, darkened on surface where writing is visible. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 9 lines detectable on recto, 8 lines on verso. Dimensions: 12.2 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of recto is lost. Ink of recto is chipped, largely rinsed off. Only a few letters remain of text on verso. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1, 77; verso: 1, 78.



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C.M. No.: 4754. Object: Ostracon. Material: Sandstone. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Beige. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.4 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Text of red ink is very badly faded; only traces remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 1, 78.

C.M. No.: 5516. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list. Description: Red-brown, pitch on back. Text on both sides; large, unskilled hand; 12 lines and design on recto; 8 lines on verso. Dimensions: 20.9 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Text is especially faded on recto in center. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1, 149; verso: 1, 150.

C.M. No.: 5517. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Seemingly random terms and symbols, probably magical. Description: Brown, cream slip on recto. Text on recto only, designs on both recto and verso; letters are often written backward. Dimensions: 14.4 x 24.2 cm. State of Conservation: Designs and terminology seem to be complete. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 1, 229; verso: 1, 230.

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C.M. No.: 7507. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter about wine. Description: Cream, light cream slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 19 lines. Dimensions: 11.9 x 15.1 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is lost. Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 34, 172.

C.M. No.: 8103. Object: Ostracon. Material: Plaster of Paris. Subject: Possibly a part of a letter. Description: White. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 4.9 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only bottom right portion of text remains. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 190.

C.M. No.: 8197 (this is also the former Egyptian Museum number). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery platter. Subject: Inventory of a woman’s property. Description: Buff. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; text is in fourths on the round plate; up to 11 lines per quarter. Dimensions: 42.0 cm. is the diameter. State of Conservation: Portions of the text are lost. Publication Data: Published in CO, no. 145, and described in CG, no 8197. Plate No.: 191.



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C.M. No.: 9484. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Unpublished. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 9.2 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right portions of text are lost. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 172.

C.M. No.: 10149. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Buff. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 6.4 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom parts of text are lost. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 172.

C.M. No.: 10273. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Zacharias about commercial matters. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 15 lines. Dimensions: 19.2 x 26.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is lost. Ink is friable, faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 189.

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C.M. No.: 10789.A. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Death notice for Sibyllas. Description: Red, white slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 11.3 x 13.2 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 171.

C.M. No.: 10789.B. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Brown, ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 13.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded near edges. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 34, 172.

C.M. No.: 11651. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names. Description: Brown, slighly ribbed. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 18 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 14.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is lost. Ink is rubbed off, faded in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.



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C.M. No.: 11752.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Cream with dark cream slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 15.7 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of the text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 168.

C.M. No.: 11752.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 5.6 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and bottom portions parts are broken off. Ink is badly faded in lower 3 lines. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.3. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; 2 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.7 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: At least right portion of text is lost. Ink is rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 168.

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C.M. No.: 11752.4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly the first three letters of the name Moses. Description: Red, blackened. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; 2 lines. Dimensions: 11.7 x 13.0 cm. State of Conservation: No ink. Text was incised onto surface of pot before drying. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 168.

C.M. No.: 11752.5. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Perhaps a decoration consisting of crosses and straight lines. Description: Cream, cream slip, red paint. Decoration on one side; one series of motifs. Dimensions: 9.4 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: No ink. Decoration was incised onto pot surface before drying. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.6. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate; some decoration is evident. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line, plus decorative motif. Dimensions: 6.9 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right and left portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 169.



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C.M. No.: 11752.7. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly the signature of the artisan. Description: Red-orange, rough surface, brown slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 14.2 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: No ink. Text was inscribed on surface before it had dried. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 168.

C.M. No.: 11752.8. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a receipt. Description: Buff, ribbed, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines on part A, 4 lines on part B, traces on parts C and D. Dimensions: 18.7 x 7.8; 10.6 x 5.7; 5.8 x 5.2; 2.6 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Four unconnected fragments. Soiled. Ink is faded, friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 31, 33, 168.

C.M. No.: 11752.9. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 4.3 x 4.6 cm. State of Conservation: The ink is friable, faded, and chipped off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 32, 168.

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C.M. No.: 11752.10. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 5.0 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: The text is broken on all sides. Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 32, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.11. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly the name Diosparim. Description: Cream, buff slip, rough surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 6.2 x 4.2 cm. State of Conservation: The surface of the piece is soiled. Ink is legible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 32, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.12. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 3.9 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text may be lost. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 32, 169.



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C.M. No.: 11752.13. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Buff, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines, plus traces of ink. Dimensions: 3.5 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Left, top, and right parts of text are lost. Ink is faded, friable. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 32, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.14. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 5.6 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 32, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.15. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, red slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines on recto, 3 on verso. Dimensions: 5.8 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right and left parts of the text are lost. Ink is faded, soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 32, 169; verso: 32, 33.

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C.M. No.: 11752.16. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; possibly 2 lines. Dimensions: 2.6 x 3.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left, bottom, and right parts of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 33, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.17. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, ribbed, white slip. Text on one side; semiskilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 1.9 x 2.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small fragment of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 33, 169.

C.M. No.: 11752.18. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: Titles and terms in Greek, some Christological. Description: Wooden slat. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 6.8 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right part of recto and left part of verso are lost. Ink is smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 171; verso: 33, 172.



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C.M. No.: 11763.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: List of payments to soldiers. Description: Cream, slight ribbing, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 18 lines. Dimensions: 10.2 x 18.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 53. Plate No.: 154.

C.M. No.: 11763.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of pork meat delivered. Description: Cream, white slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines; ink for another at bottom. Dimensions: 6.3 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left and lower portions of text are broken off. Ink is faded on left side. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 17. Plate No.: 154.

C.M. No.: 11763.3. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment.  Description: Cream, cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.9 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in BIFAO 78 (1978): 31, and Douch, no. 55. Plate No.: 154.

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C.M. No.: 11763.4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter.  Description: Cream with white slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in BIFAO 78 (1978): 32, and Douch, no. 49. Plate No.: 154.

C.M. No.: 11763.5. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt.  Description: Cream, white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 6.2 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 39. Plate No.: 154.

C.M. No.: 11763.6. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Account of payments in kind to a military bakery. Description: Cream, white slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 8 lines in one column, 10 in another. Dimensions: 11.2 x 10.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 57. Plate No.: 154.



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C.M. No.: 11763.7. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods, including wine. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on both sides; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 9 lines on recto, 6 on verso. Dimensions: 8.8 x 6.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 154; verso: 155.

C.M. No.: 11763.8. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt for grain. Description: Cream with beige slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 5.4 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faint in places. Lower portion of text is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.9. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt. Description: Brown, white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 8 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.0 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded on bottom of text. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 48. Plate No.: 156.

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C.M. No.: 11763.10. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt.  Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 45. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.11. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped in places. Publication Data: Published on Douch, no. 43. Plate No.: 154.

C.M. No.: 11763.12. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A personal letter. Description: Cream with yellow slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 9.5 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: All edges of text are broken off. Ink is friable and faded in places. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 154.



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321

C.M. No.: 11763.13. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A personal letter. Description: Brown with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 5.3 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left and lower portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 154.

C.M. No.: 11763.14. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream, white slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 8.0 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and chipped. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no 56. Plate No.: 154.

C.M. No.: 11763.15. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream, white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 10.5 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on top line is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 34. Plate No.: 155.

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C.M. No.: 11763.16. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of soldiers. Description: Cream, white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 41. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.17. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A listing of beneficiaries. Description: Cream, light brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.6 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded on the right side. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 20. Plate No.: 155.

C.M. No.: 11763.18. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Red. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.7 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is rubbed off in middle. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 37. Plate No.: 155.



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C.M. No.: 11763.19. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 9.6 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and largely faded in lower four lines. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 46. Plate No.: 155.

C.M. No.: 11763.20. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of real estate properties. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded, chipped. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 42. Plate No.: 155.

C.M. No.: 11763.21. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of allocations. Description: Red-orange with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 12.6 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and badly faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 50. Plate No.: 155.

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C.M. No.: 11763.22. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream with soiled white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 10.7 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 2. Plate No.: 155.

C.M. No.: 11763.23. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A personal Letter. Description: Cream, light brown slip. Text on both sides; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines on recto; 4 on verso. Dimensions: 8.4 x 6.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of text of recto are broken off. Ink is friable on recto. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 155; verso: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.24. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list or account of goods. Description: Cream, white slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines. Dimensions: 10.8 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right edge may be lost. Ink is faded on right side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 155.



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C.M. No.: 11763.25. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in the form of a letter. Description: Red-orange, soiled white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 4.5 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right and lower portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 7. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.26. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in the form of a letter. Description: Buff, ribbed, with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 5.8 x 6.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right part is broken off. Ink is smudged in upper 3 lines. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 36. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.27. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 5.5 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left and lower portions of text are lost. Ink is faded on right side. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 13. Plate No.: 156.

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C.M. No.: 11763.28. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of soldiers. Description: Cream, light cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 5.1 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is lost. Ink is rubbed off in center. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 22. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.29. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of soldiers. Description: Cream with brown slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 6.7 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text may be lost. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 31. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.30. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter from Paul concerning property matters. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on both sides; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 11 lines on recto, 9 lines and 3 angled lines on verso. Dimensions: 11.8 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink on recto is friable, faded; ink on verso is faded in middle section. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 156; verso: 157.



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C.M. No.: 11763.31. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, soiled white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.4 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Top and possibly left portions are lost. Ink is badly faded at the bottom. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.32. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Cream, soiled white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines. Dimensions: 6.3 x 8.8 cm. State of Conservation: Left, right and lower portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.33. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of cash payments to soldiers. Description: Cream with red slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.3 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and friable on upper portion. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 30. Plate No.: 156.

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C.M. No.: 11763.34. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of grain. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines in left column, 6 in right. Dimensions: 6.5 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Right and left portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 156.

C.M. No.: 11763.35 (with 11763.135). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red orange with cream slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 6.4 x 8.9 cm.; 7.0 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 52. Plate No.: 156 (no. 35).

C.M. No.: 11763.36. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods, apparently including wine. Description: Cream with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.5 x 8.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded on lower right, and is smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 157.



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329

C.M. No.: 11763.37. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 12.9 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 5. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.38 Object: Ostracon Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Brown, with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 6.9 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text may be broken off. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 35. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.39. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of grain received. Description: Brown. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines. Dimensions: 7.3 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 157.

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C.M. No.: 11763.40. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in the form of a letter. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 3. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.41. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of liquids. Description: Brown, white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.0 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is smudged and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished; see Douch II, no. 145, for a discussion of liquid measures. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.42. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Red-orange, cream slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 4.8 x 5.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is lost. Ink is friable, faded in upper half. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 6. Plate No.: 158.



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331

C.M. No.: 11763.43. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.5 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom portion of text is apparently broken off. Ink is almost entirely faded and chipped off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.44. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on both sides; rapid hand; ligatures; 4 lines detectable on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 4.6 x 5.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions of text are lost. Ink is friable, chipped. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Verso: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.45. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines detectable. Dimensions: 2.9 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of left edge of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 157.

332

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C.M. No.: 11763.46. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Red-orange with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 3.2 x 2.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of left edge remains. Ink is chipped. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 9. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.47. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Red-orange with brown slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 1.9 x 3.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment of right edge remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.48. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Brown with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 2.2 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: Only a portion of left edge remains. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 8. Plate No.: 157.



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333

C.M. No.: 11763.49. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, soiled white slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 3.8 x 2.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only a few letters of the text remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.50. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown with white slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 3.5 x 3.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment of the text remains. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.51. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account; it opens with the name Dios(...). Description: Cream, brown slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines plus ink of another at bottom. Dimensions: 4.7 x 2.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment of the left edge of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 157.

334

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C.M. No.: 11763.52. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 4 lines. Dimensions: 2.6 x 3.6 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment of upper right corner of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.53. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with cream slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 3.7 x 2.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment from the lower left corner remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.54. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 3.6 x 1.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment from upper right corner of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.



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335

C.M. No.: 11763.55. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: The opening of a letter. Description: Red, brown slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 2.9 x 2.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment from top portion of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.56. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown with white slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 3.6 x 3.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment from the lower left corner remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 157.

C.M. No.: 11763.57. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Cash account. Description: Brown, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 17 lines. Dimensions: 18.9 x 17.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and friable. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 54. Plate No.: 158.

336

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C.M. No.: 11763.58. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter concerning goods, including grain. Description: Cream, white slip and pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 6.8 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is largely obscured by soiling. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.59. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Stylized ankh sign, similar to no. 11763.83. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side. Dimensions: 8.4 x 4.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only left portion of text is preserved. Publication Data: Unpublished; see Douch II, page 88, note, and lower piece pictured in plate XXII. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.60. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter signed by Pabens. Description: Red, buff slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 5 lines visible. Dimensions: 5.5 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.



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337

C.M. No.: 11763.61. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a receipt. Description: Cream, dark cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 5.5 x 5.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.62. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of cotton. Description: Red-orange, brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 9.3 x 10.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped and smudged in places. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 51. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.63. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment “to my brother Vic[tor].” Description: Red-orange, cream slip, brown paint, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 14.6 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and badly chipped in lower two lines. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 158.

338

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C.M. No.: 11763.64. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Receipt for oil and wine. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled; 4 lines. Dimensions: 6.5 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right side of text is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 18. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.65. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of soldiers. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 8 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.8 x 6.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions are lost. Ink is faded at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 23. Plate No.: 158.

C.M. No.: 11763.66. Object: Ostracon. Material: Plaster. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: White plaster with smooth white finish. Text on one side; skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 4.4 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.



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339

C.M. No.: 11763.67. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of infantry. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 4.7 x 3.7 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom and right portions of text are broken off. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 24. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.68. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Red, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.1 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text may be broken off. Text is faded, soiled and smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.69. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Red with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 3 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.0 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

340

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C.M. No.: 11763.70. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter; Abraham is mentioned. Description: Red with brown slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.8 x 5.7 cm. State of Conservation: Surface is soiled. Ink is badly smudged at top. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.71. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of soldiers. Description: Cream, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 10 lines visible. Dimensions: 8.7 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded, especially at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 21. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.72. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with buff slip. Text on one side; large, unskilled hand; 2 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.6 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only left edge of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished; for name beginning Psen(...), see Douch II, nos. 136, 153. Plate No.: 159.



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341

C.M. No.: 11763.73 (with 11763.108). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of numbers. Description: Red-orange, brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 6.9 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Soiled on lower portion. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 19B. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.74. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a name. Description: Red, cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 1 line. Dimensions: 4.3 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.75. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Red with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 2 lines. Dimensions: 4.1 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Soiled; ink is faded. Only right edge of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

342

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C.M. No.: 11763.76. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Red with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 6.0 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion is broken off. Ink is friable and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.77. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Red, buff slip, remnants of a black painted design. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 3.8 x 4.8 cm. State of Conservation: Only fragment of upper left corner of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 159.

C.M. No.: 11763.78. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 3.4 x 4.9 cm. State of Conservation: Lower and right portions are lost. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 10. Plate No.: 159.



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C.M. No.: 11763.79. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of annona taxes paid. Description: Red-orange, soiled white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 9 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.7 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and badly faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 16. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.80. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter. Description: Red-orange with red-orange slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 8 lines. Dimensions: 8.4 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right and lower left parts of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 33. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.81. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Brown with brown slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 10 lines. Dimensions: 6.1 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Upper left portion is lost. Ink is smudged near top. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 14. Plate No.: 159.

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C.M. No.: 11763.82. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter to an unknown person’s mother. Description: Red with soiled white slip. Text on both sides; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 10 lines on recto, 5 on verso. Dimensions: 8.5 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Lower right portion of recto is lost. Ink on recto is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 160; verso: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.83. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Stylized ankh sign, and name Plo[tinus]. Description: Brown, light brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 12.3 x 8.2 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Only left portion of name remains. Publication Data: A photograph of this piece is published in Douch II, plate XXII (lower piece); see also the note on p. 88. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.84. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Cream, brown slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines; ink possibly from another at bottom. Dimensions: 8.1 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded, especially at bottom. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 4. Plate No.: 160.



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C.M. No.: 11763.85. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Red, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; semiskilled hand: ligatures; 3 lines; ink from another at top. Dimensions: 4.8 x 6.1 cm. State of Conservation: Upper and left portions are lost. Ink is soiled, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.86. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account. Description: Brown with white slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 1 line. Dimensions: 4.7 x 3.8 cm. State of Conservation: Only top fragment remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.87. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 4 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.1 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Slip is peeling, removing the text written on its surface. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 160.

346

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C.M. No.: 11763.88. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt. Description: Brown with light brown slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines. Dimensions: 7.7 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Slip is peeling, removing the text written on its surface. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 47. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.89. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 7.5 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top portion is broken off. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 26. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.90. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account or receipt. Description: Red with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 6.6 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only lower left part of text remains. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 160.



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C.M. No.: 11763.91. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 11.9 x 11.7 cm. State of Conservation: Left portion is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.92. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, light brown slip. Text on one side; 4 lines detectable. Dimensions: 3.1 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only left edge of text remains. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.93. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Beige with white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ink from 3 lines is visible. Dimensions: 3.0 x 2.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only right edge of text remains. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

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C.M. No.: 11763.94. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account of grain. Description: Red, cream slip. Text on one side; ink from 2 lines is visible. Dimensions: 2.8 x 3.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a fragment of lower right corner remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 160.

C.M. No.: 11763.95. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, dark cream slip. Text on one side; 2 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.5 x 2.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only fragment of lower right corner remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.96. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, dark cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 3 lines. Dimensions: 3.4 x 1.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only fragment from left edge of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.



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C.M. No.: 11763.97. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; 1 line. Dimensions: 3.6 x 2.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small fragment remains. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.98. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of liquids. Description: Cream, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.8 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Left and lower portions are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.99. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red, red slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.3 x 6.6 cm. State of Conservation: Upper and left portions are broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

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C.M. No.: 11763.100. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list. Description: Red, buff slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.7 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right, top and left portions are broken off. Ink is badly faded on left side. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.101. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A letter authorizing payment. Description: Red, brown slip. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 15 lines, 11 horizontal and 4 vertical. Dimensions: 7.1 x 7.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 12. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.102. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 12 or 13 lines. Dimensions: 13.0 x 9.1 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right corner of text is broken off. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 11. Plate No.: 161.



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C.M. No.: 11763.103. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list or account. Description: Cream with red slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 6.5 x 6.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only bottom left portion of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11673:104. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 7 or 8 lines. Dimensions: 7.2 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded, making the text illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.105. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Practice writing surface. Description: Cream with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; random lines. Dimensions: 7.4 x 7.1 cm. State of Conservation: Right and lower portions are lost. Ink is faded, smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 161.

352

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 11763.106. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment in letter form. Description: Red with brown slip. Text on both sides; rapid hand with ligatures; 7 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 7.9 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion of recto is obscured by crystalline accumulation. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 161; verso: 162.

C.M. No.: 11763.107. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Billet of lodging for soldiers. Description: Brown, buff slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 15 lines visible. Dimensions: 9.4 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Slip is peeling off, removing the text with it. Ink is faded in middle and upper right portions. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 1. Plate No.: 161.

C.M. No.: 11763.108 (with 11763.19). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account or receipt. Description: Red-orange, brown slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 21.4 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top and right portions are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 19A. Plate No.: 162.



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C.M. No.: 11763.109. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: The name Plotei[nos]. Description: Red-orange, brown slip, pitch on back surface. One line. Dimensions: 12.2 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion is broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished; for the name, see Douch II, p. 88. Plate No.: 162.

C.M. No.: 11763.110. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter about goods. Description: Cream, cream slip, pitch on back. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 11 lines detectable. Dimensions: 10.1 x 11.2 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right portions of text may be broken off. Ink is badly faded and largely illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 162.

C.M. No.: 11763.111. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of soldiers. Description: Cream, brown slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines visible. Dimensions: 12.2 x 13.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no 32. Plate No.: 163.

354

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 11763.112. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Stylized ankh sign, with name Pl[oteinos]. Description: Red-orange with brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 1 line. Dimensions: 21.3 x 14.3 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and surface is friable. Publication Data: Unpublished; for this text see note in Douch II, p. 88. Plate No.: 162.

C.M. No.: 11763.113 (with 11763.132). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 15.5 x 10.5; 9.6 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Upper left portion is lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Photograph of these pieces is published in Douch II, plate XXII (upper pieces); see also p. 88, note. Plate No.: 163.

C.M. No.: 11763.114. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, yellow slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.6 x 10.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and badly faded; text is illegible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 163.



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C.M. No.: 11763.115. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Stylized ankh sign. Description: Red, buff slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side. Dimensions: 12.7 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: Soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished; see note in Douch II, p. 88. Plate No.: 163.

C.M. No.: 11763.116. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with buff slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 12.8 x 11.5 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Right portion of text is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.

C.M. No.: 11763.117. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a receipt for grain. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 11.6 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right portions are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 163.

356

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 11763.118. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Authorization of payment. Description: Red, white slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 5 lines. Dimensions: 10.3 x 7.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable; slip is peeling, removing the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.

C.M. No.: 11763.119. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of grain. Description: Red-orange, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; 9 lines. Dimensions: 5.5 x 8.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion is lost. Ink is faded, especially in lower part. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 15. Plate No.: 164.

C.M. No.: 11763.120. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.3 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only right edge of text remains. Ink is rubbed off, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.



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357

C.M. No.: 11763.121. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with yellow slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.1 x 7.6 cm. State of Conservation: Lower portion is broken off. Ink is soiled, badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.

C.M. No.: 11763.122. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Receipt or authorization of payment. Description: Red, brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.5 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and lower portions of text are broken off. Ink is friable, badly soiled and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.

C.M. No.: 11763.123. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with buff slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 1 or 2 lines. Dimensions: 11.5 x 10.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded; slip is peeling, removing some of the text. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.

358

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 11763.124. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Name Ploteinos plus stylized ankh sign. Description: Cream with dark cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 16.1 x 8.5 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is soiled and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished; for the name, see Douch II, p. 88. Plate No.: 164.

C.M. No.: 11763.125. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt or account. Description: Red with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 18.6 x 10.8 cm. State of Conservation: Right and lower parts of text are broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.

C.M. No.: 11763.126. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Name of Ploteinos plus a date. Description: Red with beige slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 8.1 x 5.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 164.



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359

C.M. No.: 11763.127. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large hand; perhaps 1 line. Dimensions: 8.5 x 9.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is soiled and badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 165.

C.M. No.: 11763.128. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A receipt or account for grain. Description: Cream, red slip, white decoration, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 8.5 x 9.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 165.

C.M. No.: 11763.129. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a list or account. Description: Red, red slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 13.8 x 12.0 cm. State of Conservation: Top edge of text may be lost. Ink is badly faded, soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 165.

360

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C.M. No.: 11763.130. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate; the name “Victor” appears twice. Description: Red with buff slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large, semi-skilled hand; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 11.7 x 11.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right and left portions are broken off. Ink is faded, soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 165.

C.M. No.: 11763.131. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red, cream slip, pitch on back surface. Text on one side; two hands appear, one skilled and the other unskilled; 2 lines. Dimensions: 9.2 x 8.7 cm. State of Conservation: Top and left portions are broken off; surface is soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 165.

C.M. No.: 11763.132 (with 11763.113). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red-orange, cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 15.5 x 10.5 and 9.6 x 7.3 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Upper left portion is broken off. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Photograph of these pieces is published in Douch II, plate XXII (upper pieces); see also p. 88, note. Plate No.: 163.



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C.M. No.: 11763.133. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 2 letters visible. Dimensions: 8.4 x 12.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only top left portion of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 165.

C.M. No.: 11763.134. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on both sides; 8 lines detectable on recto, 4 on verso. Dimensions: 5.4 x 8.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is badly faded and soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 165.

C.M. No.: 11763.135 (with 11763.35). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red orange with cream slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 7.0 x 9.7; 6.4 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is friable. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 52. Plate No.: 156.

362

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 11763.136. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 6 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.0 x 9.7 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded, soiled and rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.137. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a receipt or account. Description: Red with white slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large hand; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 9.3 x 7.8 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.138. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Receipt or account. Description: Red with red slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand; ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.9 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom edge may be lost. Ink is soiled and badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.



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363

C.M. No.: 11763.139. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with white slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.3 x 8.1 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is friable and badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.140. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a name. Description: Red with buff slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; large hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 14.8 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.141. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with white slip. Text on one side; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.8 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

364

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C.M. No.: 11763.142. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.1 x 4.3 cm. State of Conservation: Right and lower portions of text are broken off. Ink is chipped and badly soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.143. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.0 x 7.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only fragment of the text remains. Ink is faded and soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.144. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an authorization of payment. Description: Red-orange with pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.3 x 5.2 cm. State of Conservation: Upper right portion is broken off. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 29. Plate No.: 166.



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365

C.M. No.: 11763.145. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with red slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; unskilled hand; 2 lines visible. Dimensions: 7.5 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of text remains. Ink is soiled, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.146. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 6.6 x 5.5 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small portion of text remains; ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.147. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream with buff slip. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 7 lines detectable. Dimensions: 7.3 x 8.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is chipped, soiled and badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

366

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C.M. No.: 11763.148. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with white slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 2 lines. Dimensions: 12.2 x 4.5 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is soiled, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.149. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red, buff slip. Text on one side; 2 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.7 x 4.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only left edge of text remains. Ink is soiled, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 166.

C.M. No.: 11763.150. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown with light brown slip. Text on one side; small, rapid hand; ligatures; 9 lines detectable. Dimensions: 4.0 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Slip is peeling, removing the ink of the text; ink is badly chipped and faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.



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C.M. No.: 11763.151. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown, white slip. Text on one side; 2 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.2 x 3.6 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and soiled. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11763.152. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with cream slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 4 lines detectable. Dimensions: 3.5 x 8.9 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and soiled; only traces remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11763.153. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with white slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; possibly 3 lines. Dimensions: 3.7 x 7.2 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is faded and rubbed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

368

The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 11763.154. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red, red slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand; ligatures; 3 lines detectable. Dimensions: 5.9 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Only fragment of right side of text remains; ink is rubbed off and badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11763.155. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with white slip. Text on one side. Dimensions: 3.9 x 3.2 cm. State of Conservation: Only a few traces of ink remain. Slip is peeling, removing the text. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11763.156. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: A list of names. Description: Red with white slip. Text on one side; rapid, skilled hand with ligatures; possibly 5 lines. Dimensions: 5.6 x 4.9 cm. State of Conservation: Right portion of text is broken off. Ink is faded, chipped. Publication Data: Published in Douch, no. 25. Plate No.: 167.



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C.M. No.: 11763.157. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account or receipt. Description: Red with red slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; 3 lines. Dimensions: 7.1 x 4.0 cm. State of Conservation: Only left edge of text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11763.158. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with white slip. Text on one side. Dimensions: 3.7 x 2.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only a few traces of ink remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11763.159. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with brown slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 3.6 x 2.9 cm. State of Conservation: Only a few letters of text remain; ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 11763.160. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with red slip and pitch on back surface. Text on one side; rapid hand with ligatures; 2 lines. Dimensions: 2.6 x 1.7 cm. State of Conservation: Only a few traces of ink remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11763.161 Object: Ostracon Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red with red slip. Text on one side. Dimensions: 2.5 x 3.2 cm.; 2.3 x 2.2 cm. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Only a few traces of ink remain. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 167.

C.M. No.: 11831. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Brown, slight ribbing. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; possibly 11 lines. Dimensions: 13.3 x 11.9 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom of text may be lost. Ink is friable, badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.



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C.M. No.: 11832. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Buff, white slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 9.4 x 5.0 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the text are broken off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.

C.M. No.: 11833. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a title; Antony is mentioned. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; skilled hand; 1 line. Dimensions: 10.9 x 9.0 cm.; 10.4 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Two unconnected fragments. Ink is faded in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.

C.M. No.: 11892. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 8.3 x 5.9 cm. State of Conservation: Left and right parts of the text are broken off. Text was incised onto the surface of the piece before it dried; ink follows incised lettering. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 12015. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; some letters are in ink, some incised. Dimensions: 13.6 x 7.7 cm. State of Conservation: Surface is blackened. Some marks may be decorations. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.

C.M. No.: 12018.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Monogram, possibly of Christ. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on one side. Only a monogram appears. Dimensions: 6.8 x 8.0 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is legible. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.

C.M. No.: 12018.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate; a presbyter is mentioned. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 2 lines. Dimensions: 9.0 x 6.5 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.



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C.M. No.: 12018.3. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Red, red slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 2.8 x 3.9 cm. State of Conservation: Top, right and bottom parts are lost. Ink is friable, faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 170.

C.M. No.: 12018.4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Rim of a bowl. Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; possibly 3 lines. Dimensions: 12.5 x 10.1 cm. State of Conservation: Bottom part of text is lost. Ink is smudged, badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 171.

C.M. No.: 12400.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a letter. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on both sides; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 2 lines on recto, 2 on verso. Dimensions: 7.7 x 4.7 cm. State of Conservation: Right and bottom portions of the recto are lost. Ink on the verso is smudged. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: Recto: 145; verso: 146.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 12400.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Buff, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 5.9 x 7.4 cm. State of Conservation: Top, left and bottom parts are lost. Ink is friable, badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 145.

C.M. No.: 12400.3 (with 12400.4). Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: An account of wine. Description: Cream, red slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 3 columns; 5 lines in two columns, 6 in the other. Dimensions: 20.4 x 11.7 cm. combined measurement. State of Conservation: Two fragments. Ink is rubbed off in spots. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 145.

C.M. No.: 12401.1. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 7 lines in two columns. Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.2 cm. State of Conservation: All sides of the text are lost. Ink is friable, badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 146.



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C.M. No.: 12401.2. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, white slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 6 lines. Dimensions: 10.6 x 5.4 cm. State of Conservation: Left and bottom parts of text are lost. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 146.

C.M. No.: 12401.3. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly an account. Description: Cream. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 4 lines. Dimensions: 6.7 x 5.6 cm. State of Conservation: Right, left and bottom portions of text are lost. Ink is faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 146.

C.M. No.: 12401.4. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Cream, buff slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; 5 lines. Dimensions: 2.5 x 5.8 cm. State of Conservation: Only a small fragment of the text remains. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 146.

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The Ostraca of the Coptic Museum

C.M. No.: 12401.5. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Possibly a list or account. Description: Cream, cream slip. Text on one side; semi-skilled hand; ligatures; 4 lines detectable in two columns. Dimensions: 11.3 x 9.8 cm. State of Conservation: Soiled. Top and right portions of text are lost. Ink is badly faded. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 146.

C.M. No.: 12401.6. Object: Ostracon. Material: Pottery. Subject: Indeterminate. Description: Brown. Text on one side; skill of hand cannot be determined; 4 lines. Dimensions: 19.0 x 8.4 cm. State of Conservation: Ink is almost completely faded, washed off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 146.

C.M. No.: 43203. Object: Ostracon. Material: Wood. Subject: A repeated phrase in Greek on the recto: “And One is our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Only Begotten;” a Coptic homily is on the verso. Description: Wooden tablet. Text on both sides; skilled hand with ligatures; 6 lines on recto, 7 on verso. Dimensions: 43.8 x 12.6 cm. State of Conservation: Two holes are drilled in top; wood is split through line 2, both recto and verso. Ink is faded, worn off. Publication Data: Unpublished. Plate No.: 33.

The Plates The plates are arranged into both color photographs and black and white. Plates 1–34 consist of collections of color images of 539 ostraca from the Coptic Museum. Another 226 plates consist of black and white images of ostraca gathered into groups. The final ten plates reproduce ink sketches of especially interesting ostraca. With rare exceptions, virtually all of the 1,127 ostraca appear in one or another photographic plate, and I have indicated which photograph matches the individual ostracon in the description of the ostracon. I first photographed the black and white images of clusters in 1990. I made the mistake of entrusting the development of the negative film to a film processor in Cairo. My negatives came back to me with marks and nicks, too late for me to change matters because I was about to leave the country. Later, in 1991, I was able to rephotograph a portion of the ostraca, with a much better result. My hope has been to make images of the ostraca available in digital form to interested researchers. The ink sketches of some of the more interesting ostraca were drawn by my friend and colleague Elhamy Naguib. In the final ten plates, he has captured the unusual work of the original authors and artists who wrote and sketched on pottery and limestone chips.

The plates can be downloaded from www.gorgiaspress.com. To reach the book page, please search for "Brown Ostraca."