The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Volume 4: 1819-1826: Notes 9780691200682

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BOLLINGEN SERIES L

* The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge VOLUME NOTES

4

THE NOTEBOOKS OF

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Edited by Kathleen Coburn and Merton Christensen VOLUME 4

NOTES

+ BOLLINGEN SERIES L

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

Princeton Legacy Library edition 2019 Paperback ISBN: 978-0-691-65586-4 Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-691-65599-4

CONTENTS

..

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

Vll

GENERAL NOTES ON EACH NOTEBOOK

XXl

Notebook 26 Notebook 28 Notebook 30 Notebook 60 Folio Notebook

XXlll XXIV XXV

..

XXVll XXVll

NOTES ON THE NOTEBOOKS: r8I9-r826 Entries 4505-547I

page APPENDIX A: A List of Coleridge's Symbols

733

THE NOTEBOOK TABLES

737

INDEXES

755

1 Names of Persons

757 838

2 Selected Titles 3 Place-Names

848

v

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

Aesthetic Education

].C.F. Schiller On the Aesthetic Education if Man ed & tr Elizabeth Wilkinson and L. A. Willoughby (Oxford 1967).

Allsop

Letters, Conversations and Recollections Thomas Allsop (2. vols London 1836).

Allston Life

The Life and Letters of Washington Allston York r892).

ALZ

Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung Oena; Leipzig q8s-r849).

An Anthol

The Annual Anthology (2 vols Bristol 1799-1 8oo).

An Reg

Annual Register (London r 7 58-

An Rev

Annual Review and History of Literature (London r80]-I8).

AP

Anima Poetae from the unpublished notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed E. H. Coleridge (London 1895).

AP (Keats H)

A copy of Anima Poetae in Keats House, Hampstead, annotated by several hands.

Appleyard

J.

APR

A. P. Rossiter.

AR

Aids to Reflection in the formation of a manly character on the several grounds if prudence, morality and religion, illustrated by select passages from our elder divines, especially from Archbishop Leighton S. T. Coleridge (London 1825).

Archiv

Archiv fur den thierischen Magnetistnus ed. C. A. Eschenmayer, D. D. Kieser and F. Nasse (r2. vols Altenburg and Leipzig r8r7-24).

Asra

"Coleridge and 'Asra' " T. M. Raysor Studies in Philology xxvi (1929) 305-24.

Bald

R. C. Bald "Coleridge and The Ancient Mariner" Nineteenth Century Studies ed Herbert Davis, W. C. De Vane, and R. C. Bald (Ithaca, N.Y. I940).

BCP

Book of Common Prayer.

if S.

T. Coleridge ed

J.

B. Flagg (New

).

A. Appleyard Coleridge's Philosophy of Ltterature (Cambridge, Ma~s. 1965).

Vll

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

B Critic

The British Critic (London May I79J-I84J).

BE

Brographia Epistolaris S. T. Coleridge ed A. Turnbull (2 vols London 191 1).

BL

Biographia Literaria S. T. Coleridge ed John Shawcross (2 vols Oxford 1907).

BL (r 8 I?)

Biographia Literarza S. T. Coleridge (2 vols London 18 q).

BL (r84-7)

Biographia Literaria S. T. Colendge ed H. N. and Sara Coleridge (2 vols London 184-7).

BL (CC)

Biographia Literaria S. T. Coleridge ed James Engell and W. Jackson Bate (2 vols Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton 1982).

Blackwell SC

Blackwell Sale Catalogue.

Blackwood's

Blackwood's Magazine (Edinburgh and London Ap I 8 q-

Blumenbach Handbuch

J.

BM

British Museum.

Boehme Works

Jakob Boehme The Works of Jacob Behmen . . . To which is prefixed, The Lift of the Author. With figures, illustrating his Principles, left by the Reverend William Law (I 764--8 r ).

Botanic Garden

The Botanic Garden Erasmus Darwin (2 vols London 1794-

I

).

F. Blumenbach Handbuch der Naturgeschichte (Gottingen 779 ).

5).

B Poets

The Works of the British Poets ed Robert Anderson ( r 3 vols Edinburgh 1792-5; val 14 issued 1807).

Brande Manual

W. T. Brande Manual of Chemistry (r8I9).

Brandl

A. L. Brandl "S. T. Coleridge's Not1zbuch aus den Jahren 1795-1798" in Archiv fiir das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen XCVII (1896) 333-72.

Bristol Borrowings

"The Bnstol Library Borrowings of Southey and Coleridge, 1793-8" George Whalley The Lzbrary IV (Sept 1949) II4-

JL C&S

On the Constitution of Church and State, according to the Idea of Each with atds tov.:ard a rtght judgment on the late billS. T. Coleridge (London I 830 ).

C&S (CC)

On the Constttutzon of the Church and State S. T. Coleridge ed John Colmer (Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton r 976). Vlll

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

C&SH

Coleridge and Sara Hutchinson and the Asra Poems George Whalley (London I 9 55).

C&S in Bristol

"Coleridge and Southey in Bristol, 1795" George Whalley Review of English Studies NS I (Oct 1950) 333·

Carlyon

Clement Carlyon Early Years and Late Reflections (4 vols London I 836-58).

Cat Highgate

Coleridge at Highgate L. E. (G.) Watson (London and New York 1925).

CBEL

The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature ed F. W. Bateson (5 vols Cambridge I940-57).

CC

The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Bollingen Series LXXV London & Princeton I 969- ).

C Concordance

A Concordance to the Poetry of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed Sister Eugenia Logan (Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Ind. 1940).

Chambers

E. K. Chambers Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Oxford 1938).

CIS

Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit S. T. Coleridge ed H. N. Coleridge ( r 840).

CIS ( r 849)

Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit S. T. Coleridge with introduction by]. H. Greened Sara Coleridge (1849).

CL

Collected Letter.r of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed. E. L. Griggs (Oxford and New York 1956- ).

C Life

Samuel Taylor Coleridge: a Narrative of the E'Vents of his Life ]. D. Campbell (London r 894).

CM

Marginalia S. T. Coleridge ed George Whalley (5 vols Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton 198o- ).

CN

The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed Kathleen Coburn (New York and London I957- ).

Coburn Experience Kathleen Coburn Experience into Thought: Perspecti'Ve.r in the into Thought Coleridge Notebooks (Toronto 1979). Coburn "Restraint"

Kathleen Coburn "Coleridge and Restraint" (University of Toronto Quarterly 1969).

Coburn SC Imagination

Kathleen Coburn The Self-Conscious Imagination (Oxford 1974).

Coleortan

Memorial.r ofColeorton ed William Knight (2 vols Edinburgh 1887)·

Cornell Studies

Some Letters of the Wordsworth Family ... with a few unpublished letters of Coleridge and Southey and others ed Leslie NalX

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

than Broughton. Cornell Studies in English N.Y. 1942).

XXXII

(Ithaca,

COS

Coleridge on Shakespeare. The text of the lectures of r 8 I I-I 2 ed. R. A. Foakes (London I 97 I).

Cottle (E Rec)

Joseph Cottle Early Recollections; chiefly relating to the late Samuel Taylor Coleridge, during his long residence in Bristol (2 vols London I 837-39).

Cottle (Rem)

Joseph Cottle Reminiscences of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey (London I847).

CRBooks

H. C. Robinson on Books and their Writers ed. E. (3 vols London I938).

CRC

The Correspondence of Henry Crabb Robinson with the Wordrworth Circle ed E. J. Morley (2 vols Oxford I927).

CR Dtary

Diary, Reminiscences and Correspondence of Henry Crabb Robinson ed Thomas Sadler (Boston I 869).

J.

Morley

Creuzer Symbolik G. F. Creuzer Symbolik und Mythologie der a/ten Vb?ker (4 vols Leipzig I8I0-I2). Creuzer Symbolik G. F. Creuzer Symbolik und Mythologie der a/ten Volker (6 vols Leipzig and Darmstadt I 8 I 9-2 3). Cr Rev

The Critical Review, or, Annals of Literature (London 17 s6r817).

C 17th C

Coleridge on the Seventeenth Century ed R. F. Brinkley (Durham, N.C. I955).

C Talker

Coleridge the Talker: A Series of Contemporary Descriptions and Comments ed Richard W. Armour and Raymond F. Howes (Ithaca, N.Y. I940).

C Works

The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge [W. G. T.] Shedd(7 volsNewYork I85J).

DCL

Dove Cottage Library.

De Q Works

The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey ed David Masson (I4 vols Edinburgh I889-90).

Diels

Hermann Diels Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker.

D Life

The Lift of Sir Humphry Da'V) I 83 I).

D Life 4°

The Life of Sir Humphry Davy J. A. Paris (r vol 4° London I8J I).

D Memoirs

Memoirs of the Life of Sir Humphry Davy John Davy (London I839). X

J.

ed

A. Paris (2 vols London

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

8 8s-

).

DNB

Dictionary of National Biography (London

DRem

Fragmentary Remains, Literary and Scientific of Sir Humphry Davy, with a Sketch of his Lift edjohn Davy (London r858).

DW

Dorothy Wordsworth.

DW (deS)

Dorothy Wordrworth Ernest de Selincourt (Oxford

DWJ

Journals of Dorothy Wordrworth ed Ernest de Selincourt (2 vols Oxford 1939).

D Works

The Collected Works of Sir Humphry Davy ed John Davy (9 vols London I 83 'f-·P ).

E&S

Essays and Studies by Members of the English Association (London 1910- ).

EB

Encyclopaedia Britannica.

EC

Edward Coleridge.

EDD

English Dialect Dictionary ed Joseph Wright (6 vols London and New York 1898-1905).

Ed Rev

The Edinburgh Review (Edinburgh and London October 1802-1929)·

EHC

Ernest Hartley Coleridge.

Eichhorn ABbLitt

J.

Eichhorn Apocal

]. G. Eichhorn Commentarius in Apocalypsin Joannis (2 vols Gottingen 17 91)

Eichhorn Apak

J.

Eichhorn AT

J.

Eichhorn NT (A)

J.

Eichhorn NT (B)

J.

Eng Div

Notes on English Divines S. T. Coleridge ed Derwent Coleridge (2 vols London 1853).

Eng Poets

The Works of the English Poets from Chaucer to Cowper ed Alexander Chalmers (2 I vols London I 8 ro).

EOT

Essays on his Own Times forming a second series of The Friend S. T. Coleridge ed Sara Coleridge (3 vols London I 8 50).

I

I

933).

G. Eichhorn ed Allgemeine Bibliothek der biblischen Litteratur (10 vols Leipzig 1789-1800).

G. Eichhorn Einleitung in die apokryphischen Schrijten des Alten Testaments (Leipzig 1795). G. Eichhorn Einleitung ins Alte Testament (3 vols Leipzig 1787).

G. Eichhorn Einleitung in das Neue Testament (3 vols Leipzig r8o3, r81o-1 r, 1812-r4) Coleridge's Copy A.

G. Eichhorn Einleitung in das Neue Testament (3 vols Leipzig 1803, r8ro-r I, r8r2-r4) Coleridge's Copy B.

XI

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

EOT (CC)

Essays on His Times S. T. Coleridge ed David V. Erdman (3 vols Bollingen Series LXXv London and Princeton I 976).

Estimate ofWW

Estimate of William Wordsworth by his Contemporaries ed Elsie Smith (Oxford 1932).

Estlin

"Unpublished Letters from Samuel Taylor Coleridge to the Rev. John Prior Estlin" Philobiblon Society Miscellanies xv (London 1884).

Friend (r8og-w) The Friend, a Literary, Moral and Political Weekly Paper conducted by S. T. Coleridge (Pennth r 809-10 in numbers).

of essays S. T. Coleridge (London, 1812 ).

Friend ( 1 8 1 2)

The Friend, a series

Friend(r818)

The Friend, a series of essays S. T. Coleridge (3 vols I 8 I 8).

The Friend (CC)

The FriendS. T. Coleridge ed B. E. Rooke (2 vols Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton 1969).

Friend (R)

The Friend, a critical edition of the three versions (MS) ed B. E. Rooke.

Gent Mag

Gentleman's Magazzne.

Gillman

James Gillman Life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Vol published] London 1838).

Gillman SC

Catalogue of a valuable collection of books, including the library of James Gillman, Esq. (Henry Southgate, London [ 1 843]).

Godwin (Brown)

Life ofWilliam Godwin F. K. Brown (London 1926).

Godwin (MS Diary)

Transcript by Dr. Lewis Patton from a microfilm in Duke University Library of the MS diary of William Godwin owned by Lord Abinger.

Godwin (Paul)

William Godwin, his Friends and Contemporaries C. K. Paul (London 1 876).

Godwin SC ( 18 J6)

Catalogue of the Curious Library of . . . Wzlliam Godwin (Sotheby, London 1836).

Giittingen Borrowmgs

"Books borrowed by Coleridge from the library of the U niversity of Gi:ittingen, 1799" A. D. Snyder Modern Philology XXV (1928) 377-80.

Green SC

Catalogue of the Library of Joseph Henry Green which will be sold by auction Sotheby, Wilkinson and Hodge (London July 1 88o).

Grimm

J.L.C. Grimm and W. C. Grimm Deutsches Wfirterbuch (16 vols Leipzig I854--1954).

Haney

J. L. Haney A Bibliography of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Philadelphia I 903 ).

xu

I

[all

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

Hansard

T. C. Hansard pub! Parliamentary Debates from the Year I803 to the Present Time (14 vols 1812-20).

Hanson

Lawrence Hanson The Life ofS. T. Coleridge, the Early Years (London 1938).

HC Letters

Hartley Coleridge Letters of Hartley Colendge ed G. E. Griggs and E. L. Griggs (London I936).

HC Poems

Hartley Coleridge Poems with a Memoir by his Brother ed Derwent Coleridge ( r 8 5 I).

HCR

Henry Crabb Robinson.

Heber

Reginald Heber (editor) The Whole Works of Jeremy Taylor with a Life of the Author and a Critical Examination of his Writings ( IO vols London I 883 ).

HEHL

Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, Calif.

HEHLB

Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, Calif. Huntington Library Bulletin (II nos Cambridge, Mass. I93 r-37).

HEHLQ

The Huntington Library Quarterly (San Marino, Calif. 1937- ).

HLB

Harvard Library Bulletin (Cambridge, Mass. 1947).

H Life (Howe)

The Lifo of William Hazlitt P. P. Howe (revised edition London and New York 1928).

HNC

Henry Nelson Coleridge.

House

Humphrey House Coleridge (London 1953).

House

of Letters

A House of Letters, being excerpts from the correspondence of ... Coleridge, Lamb, Southey ... with Matilda Betham ed Ernest Betham (Second edition London [ r 90 5]).

HUL

Harvard University Library (and the Houghton Library).

Hutchinson

William Hutchinson The History of the County ( 2 vols Carlisle 1794).

H Works

The Complete Works of Willtam Hazlitt ed P. P. Howe (21 vols London 1930-4).

Inq Sp

Inquiring Spirit; a new presentatton of Coleridge from his published and unpublished prose writings ed Kathleen Coburn (London and New York I95I).

IS (1979)

Inquiring Spirit; a new presentation of Coleridge from his published and unpublished prose writings ed Kathleen Coburn (2nd rev ed Toronto 1979). Xlll

of Cumberland

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

JDC

James Dykes Campbell.

JEGP

Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Bloomington, Ill. 1897- ).

JTC

John Taylor Coleridge.

JW

John Wordsworth.

K&S

William Kirby and William Spence An Introduction to Entomology (4 vols r8r5, r8q, r826).

Kant KpV

Immanuel Kant Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (Riga 1797).

Kant KrV

Immanuel Kant Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Leipzig 1799).

Kant VS

Immanuel Kant Vermischte Schriften (4 vols Halle 1799).

K Letters (Rollins)

The Letters of John Keats 1814-182r ed H. E. Rollins (2 vols Cambridge, Mass. 1958).

L

Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed E. H. Coleridge (2 vols London r 895).

L&L

Coleridge on Logic and Learning ed A. D. Snyder (London 1929)-

LB

Lyrical Ballads with a few other Poems [By William Wordsworth and S. T. Coleridge] (Bristol and London 1798).

LB (r8oo)

Lyrical Ballads with other Poems William Wordsworth [and S. T. Coleridge] (Second edition 2 vols London I 8oo ).

LCL

Loeb Classical Library.

Lects 1795 (CC)

Lectures 1795: On Politics and Religion S. T. Coleridge ed Lewis Patton and Peter Mann (Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton r 970 ).

L Lects (CC)

Lectures on Literature 1808-19 S. T. Coleridge ed R. A. Foakes (2 vols Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton), in preparation.

L Letters

The Letters of Charles Lamb to which are added those of his sister Mary Lambed E. V. Lucas (3 vols London 1935).

L Letters (r976)

The Letters of Charles and Mary Lambed E. W. Marrs Jr (3 vols Ithaca and London 1976).

LLift

Life of Charles Lamb E. V. Lucas (London 1921).

LLP

Letters from the Lake Poets to Daniel Stuart [ed Mary Stuart and E. H. Coleridge] (London r889).

LMLA

The London Monthly Literary Advertiser ( r 805-28).

Logic

Coleridge on Logic and Learning ed A. D. Snyder (London I 929). XIV

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

Logic (CC)

Logic S. T. Coleridge ed J. R. de J. Jackson (Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton 198 r).

Logic (MS)

BM Egerton MSS 2825, 2826.

LR

The Literary Remains of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed H. N. Coleridge (London 1836-9).

LS

A Lay Sermon addressed to the higher and middle classes on the existing distresses and discontents S. T. Coleridge (London r8q).

LS (CC)

A Lay Sermon S. T. Coleridge ed R. J. White. In Lay Sermons (Bol~ingen Series LXXV London and Princeton 1972).

L Works

The Works of Charles and Mary Lambed E. V. Lucas (6 vols London 1912).

Margoliouth

H. M. Margoliouth Wordsworth and Coleridge, I795-IBJ4 (London and New York 1953).

MC

Coleridge's Miscellaneous Criticism ed T. M. Raysor (London 1936).

McFarland CPT

Thomas McFarland Coleridge and the Pantheist Tradition (Oxford r969).

M Chronicle

The Morning Chronicle (London rno-r862).

Meteyard

Eliza Meteyard A Group

Method

S. T. Coleridge's Treatise on Method as published m the Encylopaedia Metropolitana ed A. D. Snyder (London 1934).

Migne PG

Patrologiae cursus completus . I 857-191 2).

Migne PL

Patrologiae cursus completus ... Series Latina ed J. P. Migne (221 vols Paris 1844-64).

Minnow Among Tritons

Minnow Among Tritons; Mrs. S. T. Coleridge's letters to Thomas Poole, I799-z834 ed Stephen Potter (London 1934).

Miscellanies

Miscellanies, Aesthetic and Literary; to which is added "The Theory of Life" S. T. Coleridge edT. Ashe (London r885).

MLN

Modern Language Notes (Baltimore r886-

MLR

Modern Language Review (Cambridge 1905-

M Memoirs

Memoirs of the Lift of Sir lames Mackintosh ed R. intosh (Second edition 2 vols London I 836).

Mod Philo!

Modern Philology (Chicago 1903-

Mon Mag

The Monthly Magazine and British Register (London Feb 1796-r 843).

XV

of Englishmen (London r 871 ).

. Series Graeca ( 162 vols Paris

). ).

J.

Mack-

).

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

Mon Rev

The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal (London r 7 4-9r 844-).

M Post

The Morning Post (London 1772-

MS Journal

A journal of Coleridge's visit to Germany, a foolscap MS in his holograph (intermediate between the entries in the notebooks and "Satyrane's letters", much of it used in letters to his wife, Poole, and Josiah Wedgwood. Once owned by Gabriel Wells of New York), now in the Berg Collection, NY PL.

MW

Mary (Mrs.) Wordsworth.

N

Notebook of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

N&Q

Notes and Queries (London I849-

NBU

Nouvelle Btographie universelle (4-6 vols Paris I 8 52-66).

NEB

The New English Bible (Oxford and Cambridge r 964-).

Nicholson's Journal

A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts ed William Nicholson (London 1797-18 IJ).

Notes Theol

Notes, Theological, Political and Miscellaneous S. T. Coleridge ed Derwent Coleridge (London 1853).

NT

New Testament.

NYPL

New York Public Library.

OCD

The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford 194-9).

ODCC

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church ed F. L. Cross (London 1957).

ODEE

The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology ed C. T. Onions with G. W.S. Friedrichsen and R. W. Burchfield (Oxford I 966).

ODNR

The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes ed I. and P. Opie (Oxford I951).

OED

Oxford Englzsh Dictionary (13 vols Oxford 1933).

Oken Erste Ide en

Lorenz Oken Erste Ideen zur Theorie des Lichts ... und der W drme (Jena I 808).

).

).

Oken Lorenz Oken Lehrbuch der N aturgeschichte ( 6 vols Jena I 8 I 6N aturgeschichte 26). Omniana

Omniana [ed Robert Southey with articles by S. T. Coleridge] ( 2 vols London I 8 I2).

Omniana (Ashe)

The Table Talk and Omniana of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed T. Ashe (London r884). XVI

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

Op Max (CC)

Opus Maximum S. T. Coleridge ed Thomas McFarland (Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton), in preparation.

Op Max (MS)

Opus Maximum S. T. Coleridge. MSS in HEHL and VCL.

OT

Old Testament.

Phil Lects

The Philosophical Lectures of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed Kathleen Coburn (London and New York 1949).

Phil Mag

The Philosophical Magazine (London I798-

Phil Tram

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London r66sI 886).

Phil Tram (Abr)

The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Abridgement ed C. Hutton, R. Pearson, and G. Shaw (London 1792-1 809).

Philo! Q

Philological Quarterly (Iowa City I 922-

P Lects (CC)

Lectures I818-r819; On the History of Philosophy ed Owen Barfield and Kathleen Coburn (Bollingen Series xxv London and Princeton), in preparation.

PML

Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City.

PMLA

Publications I886- ).

Poems I796

Poems on Various Subjects S. T. Coleridge (Bristol 1796).

Poems I797

Poems by S. T. Coleridge, second edition, to which are now added Poems by Charles Lamb and Charles Lloyd (Bristol and London I797).

Poole

Thomas Poole and his Friends M. E. (P). Sandford ( 2 vots London I888).

Prelude

The Prelude or Growth of a Poet's Mind William Wordsworth ed Ernest de Selincourt (Oxford 1926).

PW

of

).

).

the Modern Language Association (Baltimore

The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed

E. H. Coleridge (2 vols Oxford I9I2).

PWGDC)

The Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed with a biographical introduction by J. D. Campbell (London and New York I 893).

QJSLA

The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts (Royal Institution of Great Britain I 8 q - I 82 7).

QR

The Quarterly Review (London

"Reflexions"

"Some Reflexions in a Coleridge Mirror" Kathleen Coburn

..

XVll

I

809-

).

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

From Sensibility to Romanticism ed F. W. Hilles and Harold Bloom (New York 1965). RES

Review of English Studies (London 1925-

Rickman

Lamb's Friend the Census-Taker. Life and Letters of John Rickman Orlo Williams (London r9 I 2 ).

RS

Robert Southey.

RSL

The Royal Society of Literature.

RSSC

Catalogue of the Valuable Library of the Late Robert Southey, Esq. LL.D. Poet Laureate (London I 844).

RX

The Road to Xanadu 1930).

sc

Sara Coleridge (Mrs. H. N. Coleridge).

SCB

Southey's Common-Place Book ed. J. W. Warter (4 vols London I 849-5 r ).

Schelling Einleztung

F.W.J. Schelling Einleitung zu einem Entwurfeines Systems der Naturphilosophie Gena and Leipzig 1799).

J.

).

L. Lowes (revised edition London

Schelling F. W.j. Schelling Erster Entwurf eines Systems der NaturphiNaturphilosophie losophie Qena and Leipzig 1799). Schelling Tr ld

F. W.J. Schelling System des transcendentafen Idealism us (Leipzig r 8oo).

Schneider

Elisabeth Schneider Coleridge, Opium and Kubla Khan (Chicago 1953).

SC Memoir

Memoir and Letters of Sara Coleridge [ ed Edith Coleridge] (Second edition 2 vols London 1873).

Select P&P

Select Poetry and Prose S. T. Coleridge ed Stephen Potter (London 1933).

SH

Sarah Hutchinson.

ShC

Coleridge's Shakespearean Criticism ed T. M. Raysor (2 vols London 1930).

SH Letters

The Letters of Sara Hutchinson ed Kathleen Coburn (London and Toronto 1954).

SL

Sibylline Leaves S. T. Coleridge (London

S Letters (Curry)

New Letters of Robert Southey ed Kenneth Curry (2 vols New York and London 1965).

S Letters (Warter)

Selections from the Letters of Robert Southey ed Warter (4 vols London I 8 s6). XV Ill

I

8q ).

J.

W.

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

SLife and C

Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey ed C. C. Southey (6 vols London I 849--50).

SM

The Statesman's Manual; or The Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill and Foresight; A Lay Sermon S. T. Coleridge (London 18 r6).

SM:LS (CC)

The Statesman's ManualS. T. Coleridge ed R. J. White. In Lay Sermons (Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton I972).

Steffens Beytriige

Heinrich Steffens Beytriige zur innern Naturgeschichte der Erde (Freiberg 1801).

Steffens Caricaturen

Heinrich Steffens Caricaturen des Heiligsten (2 vols Leipzig 1819, r821).

Steffens G-g Aufsiitze

Heinrich Steffens Geognostisch-geologische Aufsiitze als Vorbereitung zu einer innern Naturgeschichte der Erde (Hamburg r 8 ro).

Steffens Grundzuge

Heinrich Steffens Grundzuge der philosophischen Naturwissenschaft (Berlin I 806).

Studies (Blunden & Griggs)

Coleridge: Studies by Sroeral Hands on the Hundredth Anniversary of his Death ed Edmund Blunden and E. L. Griggs (London I 934).

Stud Philo!

Studies in Philology (Chapel Hill, N.C. 1906-

SWF

Shorter Works and Fragments S. T. Coleridge ed H. J. and J. R. de J. Jackson (Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton) in preparation.

Tennemann

W. G. Tennemann Geschichte der Ph1losophie (12 vols Leipzig 1798-r8r9).

Theol Lects

Theological Lectures, S. T. Coleridge (Bristol 179 5 MS transcript by E. H. Coleridge, in VCL).

TL

Hints towards the Formation of a more Comprehensive Theory of Life S. T. Coleridge ed S. B. Watson (London 1848).

TLS

The Times Literary Supplement (London

Toland

John Toland (editor) A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political and Miscellaneous Works of Milton (3 vols London 1694-8).

TT

Specimens of the Table Talk of the tate Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed H. N. Coleridge (2 vols London r835).

TT (Ashe)

The Table Talk and Omniana of Samuel Taylor Coleridge ed T. Ashe (London r 8 84.). XlX

I

902-

).

).

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS

TT (CC)

TabLe Talk S. T. Coleridge ed Carl R. Woodring (Bollingen Series LXXV London and Princeton), in preparation.

IT (MS)

Table Talk of S. T. Colendge (additions, in the MS of H. N. Coleridge in VCL).

UL

Unpublished Letters of Samuel Taylor Colendge ed E. L. Griggs (2 vols London 1932).

UTQ

Univemty ofToronto Quarterly (Toronto 1931-

VCL

Victoria College Library, University of Toronto.

Watchman

The Watchman S. T.Coleridge (Bristol 1796).

Watchman (CC)

The Watchman S. T.Coleridge ed Lewis Patton (BoHingen Series LXXV London and Princeton 1970).

W Circle

The WontSworth Circle (Washington D.C. 1970--

Wedgwood

Tom Wedgwood, the First Photographer R. B. Litchfield (London 1903).

W Letters (E)

The Early Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth ed Ernest de Selincourt (Oxford 1935).

W Letters (L)

Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth; the Later Years ed Ernest de Selincourt (3 vols Oxford 1939).

W Letters (M)

Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth; the Middle Years ed Ernest de Selincourt ( 2 vols Oxford I 9 3 7 ).

W Life

William Wordsworth: a Biography Mary Moorman (2 vols Oxford 1 9 57-6 5).

Wordsworth & Coleridge

Wordsworth & Colendge: Studtes in honor of George McLean Harper ed E. L. Griggs (Princeton 1939).

Wordsworth LC

Wordsworth Library Catalogue (HUL MS).

Wordsworth SC

Catalogue of the ... library of ... William Wordsworth (Preston r 8 59).

WPoems(r8rs)

Poems by William Wordsworth; including Lyrical Ballads ... with additional poems, a new preface, and a supplementary essay (2 vols London r8rs).

WPW

The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth ed Ernest de Selincourt and Helen Darb ish ire (5 vols Oxford r 940--9).

WPW (Knight)

The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth ed W. A. Knight (8 vols London 1896).

ww

William Wordsworth.

XX

).

).

GENERAL NOTES ON EACH NOTEBOOK

For the General Notes on Notebooks I, 2, 3, J'h, 4, 5, S'h, 6, 7, 8, 10, I6, 2I, 22, and the Gutch Notebook, see CN I: Notes xvii-xlv. For theGeneralNotesonNotebooks9, II, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24,and K, see CN n: Notes xix-xxxiv. For the General Notes on Notebooks 13, I4, 20, 2I'/2, 22 (an Addendum), 25, 27, 29, 61, 62, 63, L, M, N, and P, see CN III: Notes xxi-xxxv.

NOTEBOOK 26 BM

Add

MS

47.524

Brown leather, with clasp now broken. On the front cover is written in black ink "A I 826-r 827". There is inside the front cover the usual "S.T.C." label. In the lower left corner is written in pencil "2/6". Entries 5340, 5344, 5448, and 5452 are at various angles on the inside front cover foliated as (I'"] in ink. On the outside back cover, is written in ink "r826-r827" with "26" below the date. covER

WATERMARK

EMBLEM rBos

5

6 V,d' X 37/,6', I 58 leaves foliated by the BM [{1 «] to Jrs9, 316 pages. One leaf was excised between j26" and /2 7 before foliation, and one or more leaves appear to have been torn out at the front, also before foliation. Entries art;:, in ink except where indicated in the notes. Fji 3" to 2, the notebook being reversed, are lettered A to W, Y. Coleridge's numbering begins on jr I and continues to jr28"' with the odd numbers appearing in the upper right-hand corners of the recto pages and the verso pages remaining unmarked, except for jfr9", 20", 42", 62v, 68", 72", 76", 86", roi", 1 r 2", I IJ'", r 2 3", and 128v. The numbering system runs from r to 2JO. Fr 11 (p 199) was not numbered. Coleridge began a second numbering from the back, from jr57" to /156'', r to J, again only odd numbers being used. A third numbering system going in the same direction begins on/152 and continues tojr27'", the pages being numbered I to 50. F22, 22" was tipped in, a calling card of "The Revd Richard Cattermole" on which entry 5390 was written. AND coNDITION SIZE

The notebook was formerly a "Gillman Receipt Book" and prescriptions in a variety of unidentified hands appear on.ff4-ro" and.ffrs3-r56. Coleridge eventually, .ffr-3v and 157-9, and wrote over the faint pencil used 826, r mainly in jottings on.ff4-10". He apparently began to use the notebook on the pages following the first series of prescriptions, as he began his numbering on PERIOD OF usE

XXlll

GENERAL NOTES

jii and his earliest entries, datable September 1823, are

onjJII-I?c·

The notebook was in use at intervals from then until October r 830, when the last entry was squeezed in on j1 52, the notebook being filled. The chief periods of use, however, seem to be May-June r826 and MayJuly r827. The notebook was used from back to front as well as from front to back, sometimes without any apparent consistency. Entries were often squeezed in wherever there seemed room for them, often skipping about most confusingly among those already on the pages, the most notable example of which is 5374, which skipped over pages not yet filled but perhaps being reserved for some special purpose. The notebook appears to have been used as a kind of catch-all not only for personal miscellanies but also materials in connexion with entries in other notebooks, chiefly the Folio (in the r826 entries) and Notebooks 33 and 34 in r827, which record Coleridge's studies in the NT in the summer of that year.

NOTEBOOK 2 8 BM

Add

MS

47,526

covER

Red leather, with clasp now broken. There is a leather fold for a pencil holder attached to the top of the back cover. Written in black ink on the cover in a large hand (?Mrs Gillman's) is "r8r9 & parth824". There is also a white homemade label on which is written "N? 28/ii". See 4645, 4646 and nn. WATERMARK

None, nor chain Jines.

SIZE AND coNDITION

4Yro" X JVra", 90 leaves, r82 pages used, including inside front and back covers, foliated [{1"] to /92. One leaf has been excised betweenf4s"' andj46, not included in the foliation, and ten pages were left blank (except for Coleridge's numbering) between /75 and f76. Coleridge numbered the pages, including the ones left blank (/f?s"-?6-148-r 57), from j2" to /76"', 2I 60, the numbers appearing in the upper right- and left-hand corners of each page except the versos from ji 7" [3 r] to f76v [ 6o]. The inside front cover fr" contains entry 4583;!2 is a title-page, with an "S.T.C." label on it, entry 4582 in the upper right, and "r6 July XX:lV

NOTEBOOK JO I 8 I 9 I Highgate" written in ink below, followed by a paragraph of description; see 4584 and n:

Continued from the red pocket book, marked Cover.

XTJJ.l.tKo-tAoa-otKov

on the outside

That book like most of its Predecessors begins at the beginning, middle, and end-and to prevent the jumble of Heterogene Subjects resulting from this Tpa~tq K'ara~ta, I have paged the last 28 sides (separately), the side next the Cover being p. 28: and devote these exclusively to Miscellanea.

A second title-page appears on f78; see 4585 and n. "Miscellanea/vel cogitationum vel otiorum vel/negotiorum"; here a second numbering begins as I, and runs to !91"', as 28. Numbers are in upper right- and lefthand corners; !79 has been numbered "5", the leaf of pages 3 and 4 having been torn out, with a stub remaining; having numbered two pages "7'', Coleridge inserted "o7''s on what ought to have been pages 8 and 9 (ff8o" and 81 ). Entries are in ink unless otherwise indicated. On j2 r there are pencilled scribbles (by a child?) resembling a double B. PERIOD OF usE

The notebook appears to have been in use at intervals from July r8r9 until October I820, in r824-I825, then in r 8 2 7. The earliest entry dated is 16 July I 8 I 9 (4584) and presumably the last (/f74"-75) is datable r827 or later. The chief periods of use seem to have been April-October I 8 20 and after April r 824. The notebook was evidently meant to be third in a series, of which Notebook 27 and some notebook now lost were the other members (see 4645, 4646 and nn) and was put to use mainly for notes on scientific matters and the theories of the Naturphilosophen.

NOTEBOOK 30 BM

covER

gate/)(", on the label on which has entry 5098, and back being

Add

MS

47,527

Brown leather and board; faint traces of the original red remain. On the front cover is written in black ink in a large hand (?Mrs Gillman's) "r823. r824/Ramsback "Ramsgate". On the front is a white home-made is written "N~ 30". The inside of the front cover (j1v) the inside back cover (j69), entries 4826 and 5 005, front determined by Coleridge's main page-numbering.

XXV

GENERAL NOTES

WATERMARK

H M [no date]

AND coNDITION

6Y.o"

SIZE

X

4", 67 leaves, I36 pages, including the inside

of the front and back covers and the inserted scraps, foliatedji to j69. Rectos were numbered by Coleridge (/2,f!S-67,f69), with the odd numbers from I to 129, and, with the notebook turned (ff69, 67''-48v), with I, 2 and the even numbers to 40. Numbers are centered at the top of the pages. Two leaves were excised between fs 1" and fs 2 leaving stubs not included in Coleridge's numbering or the foliation. (For the missing leaves, now in PML, see below 5102 and n.) Entries are in ink except where otherwise indicated in the notes. In the BM rebinding three loose scraps of paper have been attached to three leaves inserted for the purpose. These scraps are foliated 3, 4, and 68. Their stubs appear betweenffiov and I I , and.ffs9"' and 6o. F3 reads, in Mrs Gillman's hand: "if this (little paper) does not belong to this Book-it belongs to an old red book I 804." This possibly refers to ff4-4v which is written on in ink:

t

3'~ line of p. H. insert: For if the fact of the prior annunciation and acceptance of the Christian Faith, on which the (sacred) authority of the Scriptures is grounded, be equal to the weight which it is to support, we must presume that the first Receivers of the Faith had found it in it a fulfilment of those cond1tions, under which alone the authenticity of the writings could confer a binding authonty on them: even if the authenticity itself could be sufficiently established, ey independent of this criterion. (Tho' it be in some measure an anticipation and therefore a departure from our scheme of arrangement, we will yet, ffj' for the purpose of illustratiOn alone, observe that the Epistle of s• Barnabas affords an instance in which both may be exemplified: if rejected as spurious (for which no other but internal reasons, and those not historical or chronological, can be assigned) ey on the ~ grounds of~ this rejection;-but if acknowledged as genuine, then in the fact and justification of its non-admission mto the Sacred Canon.) The Cen oersioft Faith of the first Believers, antecedent to the ex1stence of the sacred Writings may be supposed to fall from defects in the superstructure.

Coleridge's footnote sign indicating insertion on a mysterious "p [age] H" may be another pointer to a lost notebook; see N 2 8 Gen N. f68 gives a recipe, not in coleridge's hand. The notebook was in use over a relatively short period of time, from September-October I 823 to January r 8 24, when Coleridge was reading in church histories for his life of Leighton, although one entry (4826) may have been put in as early as September r 82 I. The notebook, like many others, was used PERIOD

OF usE

XXVl

FOLIO NOTEBOOK from the back towards the front, with the book reversed, as well as from front to back. About half the entries are in one sequence, half in the other, although there is evidence that neither sequence is in straight chronological order.

NOTEBOOK 60 VCL

Coleridge Collection

MS 23

covER

No real cover, but the usual white label marked in ink N 60 on the first page. In an_unknown hand, in pencil, the word "Copied" is written vertically towards the lefthand margin. The first entry begins on the first page or front cover; the last entry is on the last page (/2 8") or back cover. See entries 4 72 8 and 4944 and nn. Both are darkened with use.

WATERMARK

W. Turner r8os

SIZE AND coNDITION

Approximately the same size as N 61 (see CN III Gen N) i.e. 2-Vs" X 4"/,6'', 28 leaves, of whichffr9" 25"28 are blank. This is a small home-made booklet that, like N 61, was stitched together with crotchet cotton on the longer side of sheets cut to size. Altogether it is in battered condition with some corners broken (fr, fro). An attempt appears to have been made to repair it, .ffr, 2, 3 and 4 having been glued in together; they have broken away from the rest of the notebook. Entries are in ink. PERIOD OF USE

1

,

October r8zo, possibly for a brief time in 1822, and in the summer of I 823.

FOLIO NOTEBOOK HLH

MS HM

coVER

17299

Brown marbled cardboard, in good condition. There are no labels or stickers. Entries P. r 53 0 8, Fo. 2 53 61, P.J, P.4, Fo.s (the last three to come in CN v) are on inside front cover [frv].

..

XX:Vll

GENERAL NOTES WATERMARK

EMBLEM Chain Lines Coles

J.

I823 srzE AND CONDITION

7 'Is" X I I 5/s", 1 86 leaves, not foliated by the Huntington Library. Foliation here is therefore adventitiously imposed according to the system used for the other notebooks and is marked with square brackets, including inside front and back covers which contain entries, and two leaves [ffi8s-186v] that were excised. There is a sY/' X 7 /4" sheet pasted in between [{49" andfso] containing a copy of part of entry 5426, smudged by the cancellations in 5424, done in Mrs Gillman's hand. Pages were numbered by Coleridge 1 to 20I from [(3] to [fioj], with numbers being omitted, irregularly on many versos to f8o", and on all versos from there to j1o3"· The bottom two inches of [ffs4-54''] are torn off and ({66'] is numbered twice as I 2 8 and I 3 I. Numbers are usually in the upper centre of the page; I 3 I [{68] is in the upper right-hand corner. The [(67"] r 30 is left blank, as are [ff92-Ioo"] and [ff'Ioiv-r8I]. Entries begin again on [{18 I"'] and continue to (fr87]. It is not known whether [ffi8_s-I86'] were excised before or after entries on them were entered in the notebook. Entries are in ink unless otherwise indicated. On [fro r] I 97 is a title, "Fly-Catcher No XX". 1

PERIOD

The folio notebook appears to have been used from 1 November I 8 2 5 until March I 83 2 in normal order with a few exceptions from front to back without reversals or turning. For the most part it was used in conjunction with Notebooks 26, JJ, and 34 for Coleridge's theological and philosophical conjectures, although it contains some highly personal entries and a long autobiographical one. See 5257 for what may have been intended as a title for the whole notebook.

OF usE

XXVlll

4505 27.25 The entry was hastily scribbled in pencil. Christies Vases: A Disquisition upon Etruscan Vases; displaying their probable connection with the shows upon Eleusis, and the Chinese Feast of Lanterns with explanations of a few of the principal allegories depicted upon them was published anonymously [by James Christie] in r8o6; a second edition with considerable differences entitled Disquisitions upon the Painted Greek Vases and their probable connection with the Shows of the Eleusinian and Other Mysteries appeared over his name in 1825. Coleridge might perhaps have known before I 825 that the work was by Christie, a prominent member of the Dilettanti. If this entry belongs in 18 I 9 as would be natural from its position in the notebook, M' Westmacott could be Sir Richard W. (1775-1856), knighted in I837, or his son Richard (1799-1872), also R.A. (r8r8). The father made many statues in Westminster, St. Paul's, and other public places, and became R.A. in I 8 r I; a more important link with Coleridge, he was a contributor to the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana. Or is M' Westmacott Charles [Molloy] Westmacott, brother of Sir Richard, editor of various periodicals, e.g., Magazine of the Fine Arts and sometime cataloguer of the Royal Academy Exhibitions? His Descriptive and Critical Catalogue of the Exhibition of the Royal Academy (I 823) is certainly critical, even caustic towards R.A.'s. Perhaps Coleridge wished to consult him about vases. Although Christie's auction sales of vases are too numerous for positive identification, this Mr Westmacott may well have had knowledge about some painted Greek vases. In the absence of a date, identification cannot be firm, but on r8 June r 8 r 9 there was a sale at Christie's of painted "Greek Vases", described in the catalogues as "of extreme rarity and great beauty, and many enriched with early GREEK INSCRIPTIONS". There were also some "Marbles", "a Bas Relief, and a few other fine Works of the ScHOOL OF CANOVA", in which school Sir Richard Westmacott had studied. 4506 27.26 On electric treatment, and one of the leading "electricians" of the time, Eley Stott, see CN III 43 87, and below, 4624 and nn. Was the patient here James Gillman? Or J. H. Green? In the reading He, the H is not entirely acceptable as Coleridge's capital letter; if it is

4507]

NOTES

a J it carries over a stroke to the next letter, also unclear, but possibly ending in a full stop; the pen was running dry. 45 07 27. 27 The entry is based largely on William Mitford The History of Greece (edition unknown); six editions appeared in Coleridge's lifetime, between 1784 and 1829. On Mitford cf Lect 8 P Lects (CC) f353· Olen, Hymnist: Cf Mitford (1814)

I

78:

It appears from a strong concurrence of circumstances recorded by antient writers, that the early inhabitants of Asia Minor, Thrace, and Greece, were the same people . . . and the whole Thracian people were, by some antient writers, included within the loman name . . . . Herodotus asserts that the antient hymns sung at the festival of Apollo at Delos, were composed by Olen, a Lycian; and Pausamas says that the hymns of Olen, the Lycian, were the oldest known to the Greeks, and that Olen, the Hyperborean, who seems to have been the same person, was the inventor of the Grecian hexameter verse. It seems a necessary inference that the language both of Thr;~ce and of Lycia was Greek ... and the Thracian Thamyris, or Thamyras, Orpheus, Musaeus and Eumolpus, with the Lycian Olen, were the acknowleged fathers of Grec1an poetry, the acknowledged reformers of GreCian manners; ... Olympus, the father of GreCLan music, whose compositions, whtch Plato calls divme, retained the highest reputation even in Plutarch's t1me, was a Phrygian. In the Grecian mythology we find continual references to Asiatic and Thractan stones; and even in the heroic ages, which followed the mystic, the Greeks and Asiatics appear to have communicated as kindred people . . . . Herodotus remarks that the Lycian laws and manners, even m his time, very nearly resembled the Grecian; and the Lycians and Pamphyhans were so evidently of the same race with the Greeks, that he supposed them the descendants of emigrants from Crete, from Athens, and other parts of Greece.

Trojans spoke the same language: Mitford goes on to discuss the Trojan War but does not say the Trojans spoke the same language. Coleridge no doubt inferred it from the absence of language difficulties between Greeks and Trojans in Homer, and from the Trojans, like Olympus, being Phrygians. allloaones-Descendants of Jwvan: See CN III 4379, 4384 and nn, for Coleridge's consistently eccentric spelling of loaones (for la[w}ones contracted to Iones, "lonians"); see also below 4839 and n. In Gen ro:2-5 the sons of Javan (Septuagint 'Iwvav), son of Japhet, divided "the isles of the Gentiles". The name, Javan, is translated "Hellas" several times in the Septuagint. Josephus Antiquities of the Jews I 6 has it that "from Javan Ionia and all the Greeks are derived" (tr Whiston). Bochart Geographia Sacra (1681) I 174-5, which Coleridge read also (see 4839 fr22

NOTES

[4508

and n) summarizes the evidence and gives the Greek spelling of Javan, which accounts for Coleridge's. Coleridge was interested in the long traditional blending of Greek and biblical "history". So too the Pelasgi: Coleridge, as also in 4839 fi 23, is disagreeing with Mitford and others (Mitford Chap I § 2, Chap III§ I) who implied that the Pelasgi were barbarians, i.e. non-Greeks, migratory and primitive, and that the Greeks sprang from a mixture of them and other primitive hordes with more civilised colonies from Phoenicia and Egypt. See Mitford (I8I4) I 3I. Again, Mitford (I r98) refers to Herodotus VII 95 for the view that at one time the name included all peoples of Grecian race. Coleridge's an earlier migration, barbarized is his solution of the difficulty. H esiod . . . makes no mention of manuring the ground: Cf Mitford Chap 11 § iii, "It is remarked by Cicero that Hesiod, in his poem on husbandry, makes no mention of manure: but Homer expressly speaks of dunging land. . .. " I I 53. Mitford, in a shoulder note, gives the reference to the Odyssey ( 17.299) that Coleridge cites. !34 The juniority of the Odyssey: To the Iliad, though not to Hesiod, has always been generally accepted. Mitford did not question the implications for dating, as Coleridge did, but continued on the same page to discuss "the culture of the vine", and cited also the Odyssey (3. 90) on Nestor's having "produced some [wine], at a sacrifice, eleven years old". the Shield of Achilles: Coleridge was thinking of the description of the grape harvesting in the Iliad I8.56r-72 (not mentioned by Mitford), one of the scenes on the shield made by Hephaestus for Achilles. HNC later in his Introductions to the Study of the Greek Classic Poets (1830), which owed a good deal to Coleridge's conversation (see CN III 3656n), nevertheless maintained that the Shield of Achilles passage was not an addition but an integral "part and act of the Story itselr' (87). See also his second edition (r834) 214-22. In a note to the Table Talk (12 May r 830) he said Coleridge was "a confirmed Wolfian" (in believing that Homer was the name not for one man but for numerous rhapsodists), but without having read WolPs Prolegomena. See also ibid 9 Jul r 832. As early as r 808 Coleridge was rejecting the "personality" of Homer as is clear from annotations on his copy of Chapman's Homer (CM n under Homer); cf CN III 3656, also references under Homer in this volume.

4508 27.28

Coleridge attempted variously to explain the change in his opinions from Unitarianism and the more fleeting "Necessitarianism"; see 5113, also CN III 3743.

4509]

NOTES

On the subject of the young being "less shocked by the doctrine of Necessity" see Lects 1795 (CC) 49n, The Friend (CC) I 33 8n. Causa causarum: "Cause of causes", a recurrent phrase; cf e.g. 4728. 4509 27.29 In pencil, lower left, at right angles to 4508 and later than it. The conjunction of names here may suggest the spring of I 8 I 9 and thoughts turning at the close of the philosophical and literary lectures towards publishers. Good Friday in I 8 I 9 was April 9, in I 8 20 Mar 3 I, in I 822 April 5, in I 823 April 10. s'h-12: See the dates at weekly intervals in 4532, possibly associated with opium withdrawal. the Good Friday Boon if possible: Some benefit connected with Good Friday, such as fasting, from the drug? In I 8 I 9 Good Friday was April 9, i.e. between the 5th and the I 2 1h? Or could Boon have been someone to be called upon, or to call, on Good Friday if possible? James Shergold Boone (I 799-I 8 59) caused a sensation in I 8 I 8-I 9 with his satirical poem on Oxford life, The Oxford Spy. He went down with a pass degree, throwing away brilliant abilities to lecture in London on the relation of the arts and sciences. Boone proposed and himself largely wrote a monthly periodical called The Council of Ten, of which the first of twelve issues appeared in June I 822. Did Coleridge know of him through Hartley, in I 8 I 9 in Oriel College? Was Boone seeking out Coleridge as he planned a periodical in the mode of The Friend? Or was Coleridge interested in him? The Counctl of Ten discussed some of Coleridge's betes noires like contemporary reviewing and journalism, attacking QR and Blackwood's among other periodicals. Boone's bent is shown by his becoming, a few years later, editor of the British Critic and Theological Review. There was also the Reverend Thomas Charles Boone, B.A., St. Peter's College, Cambridge, who in r 826 published The Book of Churches and Sects, which systematically described many known and many lesser known denominations. But if Coleridge had any acquaintances with these men there is now no evidence. 1. Boosey: Thomas Boosey, publisher and bookseller with whom Coleridge had frequent dealings; see CN III 3262n. In May I 820 Coleridge turned down a proposal from him that he prepare excerpts from Faust to accompany a volume of illustrations to Goethe's Faust: CL v 42-4 and nn. 2. Blackwood: I9 March I8I9 Coleridge reported having an interview with ·william Blackwood. CL IV 928. They corresponded from April I819 to May I832, chiefly about contributions to Blackwood's lt1agazine.

NOTES

[4510

I 2 April I 8 I 9 Coleridge wrote to him a well-known letter on how his periodical ideally should be run (CL IV 93 r-3), and another letter 30 June I 8 I 9 (ibid 943-5). Another in a vein similar to the former was written I 9 Sept I 8 2 I ( CL v I 67-7 I), after which no letter to Blackwood until r 830 has been published. 3 Colburn: Henry Colburn? He was until July I 8 17 editor of the Literary Gazette, and c Feb I 8 I 9 requested Coleridge's permission to engrave Leslie's portrait of him for his New Monthly Magazine; it appeared there I April I 8 I 9· Coleridge's letters to him (Dec r 8 I 8-J uly r 8 2 7) suggest that he thought of Colburn as a potential publisher; see CL v 281. 4 Holland: Possibly the "Mr Holland", not identified, whose invitation to write for the New Monthly Magazine Coleridge acknowledged I4 Feb r8I8: CL IV 838. Or is it Lord Holland? Or his son? If the date is I 8 r 9, Coleridge perhaps considered writing to Lord Holland for support against threatened repression of freedom of assembly and a free press. Holland spoke forcefully and urbanely in the debate on the Seditious Libels Bill in Dec I 8 I 9· Coleridge had been in correspondence with the Hollands as early as Sept I 806 (CL II I I 82), at which time an invitation to Holland House miscarried (CL VI IOr7). In July r8ro it seems likely they met in Keswick, at which time Holland's son, Henry Edward Fox, was with his parents. On 2 8 Jan I 8 I 9 the son attended one of Coleridge's Shakespeare lectures (CN III 3972n). Later Coleridge might have wished to applaud Holland's opposition to the Alien Bill of July r 820; see 4700 and n. Was this a list of letters to be written and matters to be attended to? s: The last line gives rise only to speculation, like so much connected with Mrs Coleridge; she paid a long-discussed visit to Devonshire and Ottery StMary in I823; see 4952 and n.

4510 27.30 Rabbi Barchanafor his hat: In the Babylonian Talmud, in the treatise of Baba Bathra 74a, this story of Rabba Bar Barchana tells of how, being in the desert with an Arab guide, he put his basket [for bread] in a window of heaven, while he prayed. On ending his prayers, he found it no longer there, because the heavenly wheel, revolving, had carried it away; the Arab assured him he would find it "tomorrow". The story is told and ascribed to "Rabba, the grandson of Chana", as his invention, by Coleridge's friend Hyman Hurwitz in the Essay prefatory to his Hebrew Tales (1826)27-9. Hurwitz adds to the story itself the statement:

4511]

NOTES

It is generally supposed, that the grandson of Chana accounted for the phenomenon by supposing, accordmg to the Ptolemaic system, that the heavens turned round the earth. [Coleridge's annus Magnus.] But it IS not Improbable that, by the expression, "Come and I will shew thee where heaven and e~rth meet," he mtimated, that the phenomenon may be explained in two ways; either in the manner just stated, or on the Pythagorean system of the earth's turnmg on 1ts own axis: for the disappearance and re-appearance of the fictitious basket would take place on either supposition.

Fortunatus Cap: I.e. the magic Cap of European folk literature going back to Hans Sachs (CN I 453 and n) and earlier, which transported the wearer anywhere at will. The annus Magnus: the "Great Year" of Jewish, Greek, and mediaeval philosophy and folklore, or the 36,ooo-year period for the heavenly bodies to complete their rotations in every possible combination of positions; thus, as a result of their influence on human affairs, history supposedly repeats itself every 36,ooo years. Coleridge, clearly more interested in the tale than in the astronomical principles involved (the peepzng into every window as it passes is his addition as well as the annus Magnus and Fortunatus Cap). He had tried to use his influence to get the Hebrew Tales published. On his translation from German of three tales in the volume, see The Friend(CC) I 370n. Coleridge used the magic Fortunatus Cap also at the end of C&S (CC) 184. 4511 29.14 The date inserted later is in blacker ink than the entry. The quotation marks and the reference at the end are a blind. Henry Somerviile is the title of A Tale by the author of Hartlebourn Castle (2 vols 1797), but it is not in a series of letters, and the passage Coleridge pretends to quote is not in it. It portrays in sentimental mawkish vein, strained human relations, which may distantly have occasioned the use of the title here to cover up some personal misery probably connected with the Gillmans' attempts to control Coleridge's addiction. Cf the identification with fictional sensibility in CN II 2117, 2125, and nn, CN III 356 I, 4272 and nn, and below see also 5005 and n. 4512 29. I 5 If additional proof respecting the facts of . .. Animal Magnetism were necessary: Coleridge's serious interest in animal magnetism may have begun with a reading of C.A.F. Kluge Versuch einer Darstellung des animalischen Magnetismus, als Heilmittel (Berlin I 8 Is), his copy of which is in BM; two annotations on it are in lnq Sp § 3 r, § 32. A fragment of an essay on the subject (BM Add MS 36,532 jf7-12) dated 8 July I 817 is in !nq Sp § JO. His interest was continuous from

NOTES

[4512

1817 and at least into 1822-see 4908 and n-generally postttve or at least open-minded; see also The Friend (CC) I 59 and n I, and a letter of I Dec I 8 I 8 to Thomas Curtis recommending the subject for an article in the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana CL IV 886-7. The contrast between the Reports of the German M agnetisers and those of the French is seen in Archiv fur den thierischen Magnetismus ed. C.A. Eschenmayer, D. G. Kieser, and Fr. Nasse ( 12 vols Altenburg and Leipzig I 8 17-24). quovis modo: "in some way." In Archiv I Pt iii I 20-49 Kieser reviewed Annales du magnetzsme animal (Paris I 8 14- I 6), giving the I July I 8 I 4 date which appears on the title page. "most believing mind": Cf "still believing mind" in The Pang More Sharp than All: PW I 457; and "most believing heart" in To Mary Pridham: PW I 468. f4 third Heft . . . Archiv . . . p. 127: Cf the same review in Archiv I iii esp I 25-8: Tr: Finally, let us make an early observation, giving chapter and verse later, concernmg the difference in the phenomenon of animal magnetism in France and in Germany. Here in Germany it is well known how difficult even practised magnet1sers find it to make their sick patients clairvoyant. And out of a hundred people who have been treated magnetically they succeed in producing the higher degrees of somnambulism perhaps in only a few. If we may credit all the cases mentioned in these Annals, the opposite seems to be the case in France. Clairvoyance occurs so easily there that persons who are magnetising for the first time produce it in their patients at the very first session. . .. What is the cause of this greater ease in producing clairvoyants? Does it lie in the different method of treatment, which in general IS simpler there, consisting more in the effort and fixation of the will than in artificial manipulations, and in the greater precision and certainty of treatment altogether-i.e. in the subjective strength of the magnetisers? We are not inclined to accept this, for if it were so, then there must also be individual magnetisers here in Germany, most of whose patients would become clairvoyants, and because in France even novices m magnetising produce such rapid effects. Or is it to be found generally in a greater animation, in a greater irritability of the nerves, and in a natural disposition towards somnambulism-i.e. in the objective weakness of the magnetised patients who yield the more readily to the organic influences of another person? An interesting parallel can be drawn in this connexion between the general phenomenon of animal magnetism and the national disposition of the French as a whole; for it is charactenst1c of animal magnetism as one of the highest manifestations of human life, that it should reflect the true image of everything relating to the inner life of a person and a people. This much at least emerges from all the facts recorded in these Annals: that in France the animal-magnetic method of treatment depends more on the will than it does in Ger-

4512]

NOTES

many-which would then of course allow us to conclude a greater subjective strength on the part of the magnetisers.

the French Report under Dr Franklin: Coleridge referred 8 Feb I 8 I 9 Lect 7 P Lects ( CC) /3 2 6 to a Report of Dr Franklin and Other C ommissioners (I784), which was ordered by the King of France. The investigation, while admitting the fact of cures, denied the magnetists' theory of a magnetic fluid diffused through the human body as an agency deriving from celestial influences, and susceptible to their manipulations. Coleridge agreed; see lnq Sp § 3 2. Mesmer himself did not claim proof. The Report described also convulsive reactions, effected through touch, pressure of hands, iron rods, and music, and argued that the results were partly the effect of physical contact, but largely of imagination. properties of the Skin . . . Volition: In CN I 1827, referring back to an I80I entry, I 1039; see also I 1826. reactions of the whole & of all the parts: See CN II 2402 for this Coleridgian principle applied to the skin and nerves. contagium quasi ingeneratio: "a contagion that is, so to speak, an ingeneration". Opium . . . on men of feminine constitution: For Coleridge on his own lack of "manliness" (especially in comparison with WW) see C N II 3 148 I-ts'", and lnq Sp § 22I. uterifaction: Not in OED; i.e. the whole system's becoming the womb. despoinism: Not in OED, from Beo-rrotva, "mistress", i.e. female domination. Whether Mesmer were the Discoverer of a new Power: The defensive remarks here were called forth by the review in Archiv 1 iii I 2 8-3 3, of a work antagonistic to Mesmer, on the history of mesmerism since Mesmer's first appearance in Paris. a new Power . . . Electricity: If animal magnetism is a new Power it must be of a hitherto unknown kind, and at a different level in the hierarchy of powers. Is animal magnetism then neither animal nor magnetism, but some higher power seen at work in psychological and medical effects and still not understood, something like a cutaneous Galvanism? See below 4639 and n. as Galvanism to common Electricity: Several kinds of electricity were recognized in the early I 9th century, and it was left to Faraday to demonstrate that "common" and galvanic electricity are identical. "Common" electricity was produced by friction; galvanic electricity by the contact of two dissimilar metals through the intermedium of an electrolyte, as in the Voltaic pile; animal electricity was produced e.g. by the electric eel.

NOTES

[4513

There was some discussion as to whether nervous action was essentially electrical in its transmission. Of the other work of the editors of this Archiv, Coleridge knew best Eschenmayer's: see CN III 4435n and in this volume 4633 and n. For more use of the Archiv see 4624, 4809 and nn.

4513 29. I 6 In appearance like 4512, and probably datable close to it, 16 April I 8 I 9· Two-thirds of a page after this entry was left blank. Coleridge refers to this entry as elucidating 4644 jf2 6''-2 7'"; see 4644. The ancient Mathematicians: See 5294 j2ov, 5406 and nn. a line . . . engendered by a point producing itself I.e. Coleridge's dynamic hypotheses in mathematical terms; see, in addition to the entries referred to above, 4 718, 4974: also 45 3 8 where Schelling is in the background, as possibly here, and in Chap xu BL (CC) 1 249-50. But ~ee also Coleridge's interest injluxions in 4 797 and n. The words engendered and producing are key terms. For the Naturphilosoph, Nature is alive, developing, and unified in its quantitative accretions and qualitative changes from within. It produces, and is product, active and passive. See Schelling Einleitung 5, 22, JO. All evolution in Nature begins from a point, which is finite, unlike productivity, which is potentiaHy infinite. A line produced from a point, says Schelling (3 2 foJJ) is "unendlich". Schelling takes this metaphor for production even further in his "Allgemeine Deduction des dynamischen Processes" in Zeitschrift for spekulativ Physik 1 Gena & Leipzig 1800) i IOo-]6, and ii 1-87; Coleridge's copy, heavily annotated, is in the BM. In these essays Schelling proposes magnetism, electricity, and chemical process as the three general categories of physics (i 102). He postulates attractive and expansive forces which, because of their opposition ( + - - 0 - - -) constitute the dimension of length. A line in nature requires three points (i I09 ), like a magnetic axis. It follows (i I I 2) that length in nature "can exist only under the form of magnetism". The first act of differentiation, metaphorically represented by a point producing itself into a line, is thus the production of magnetism. The next productive step is the qualitative transition to electricity from magnetism, represented metaphorically by a dimensional transition from length to breadth or surface, as electric bodies (i 124-5) are electric over their whole surface. An analogous dimensional change takes place from surface to depth, from electricity to chemical process, which acts in depth.

4514]

NOTES

Coleridge used Schelling's argument in almost literal translation in TL 87 foll, to describe the development of life through successive organisms arranged according to powers correlative with length, breadth, depth; magnetism, electricity, and chemical process (galvanism); reproduction, irritability, and sensibility. These correlations are also Steffens's, as noted below in this n. For Coleridge the physical powers of magnetism, electricity, and galvanism are symbols of ideal powers, so that the more abstract metaphors of geometrical terms are perhaps more congenial because they make clear the difference between phenomenal and noumenal. theorem (i.e. Actus . . . contemp/ans): I.e. the theorem is "the Act of one contemplating thus and not otherwise, contemplating itself as thing contemplated". Coleridge calls attention to the derivation of theorem from Oewpruu:x, "contemplation"; cf below 4895 and n, 5404 f86; LS: SM (CC) 49nn and The Friend (CC) I 459 and nn. theses ( OecretpoVTJp..a TT,r; uapKos knowledge or, if he was in a good library, he turned back to Vol LXXX of Phil Trans (1790) 273-92 and read the article by Patrick Russell introducing tabasheer and giving botanical details, including (275), "The bamboo in which the Tabasheer is found is vulgarly called the Female Bamboo, and is distinguished by the largeness of its cavity from the male, employed for spears or lances". Tabasheer was of interest to Coleridge in its gradual accumulation of silica. It was an example of the chemical relation of vegetable and mineral. This raised the general question of vegetable educts and products, as in 4579, 4814 and nn. 4664 28.23

In pencil. Luther (Table Talk) says:

They [the "School-Divines"] talk much of the union of the will and understanding, but all is meer fantasie and fondness. The right and true speculation (said Luther) is this: Believ in Christ; do what thou oughtcst to do in thy vocation, &c. This is the onely practice in Divinitie. Also, Mystica Theologia Dionysii is a meer fable, and a lie, like to Platoe's fables: Omnia sunt non ens, et omnia sunt ens; All is somthing, and all ts nothing, and so hee leaveth all hanging in frivolous and idle sort (1652) 4·

The best annotation on this entry is Coleridge's own note on C ol!oquia Mensalia (r652) 4, in CM under Luther. Coleridge's reading of the Colloquia Mensalia is datable from Oct r 8 I 9, when he borrowed Lamb's

4Q65]

NOTES

copy, until at least r 829, a date in one of the annotations. See 4594 and n above. Coleridge transfers to Schelling the oscillating (Schwebend) Luther attributes to Plato. Coleridge's selection and condensation of the Colloquia Mens alia ( r 6 52) 5 is of interest; cf 4665 28.24

I intended manie times (said Luther) well and thoroughly to search and finde out the Ten Commandments; but when I began at the first words, I am the Lord thy God, there stuck I fast, the verie first word [I] put mee to a non-plus. Therefore, hee that hath but one onely word of God to his Text, and out of that word cannot make a sermon, hee will never bee a good Preacher. I am content and sat1sfied (said Luther) that I know but a little, what God's Word is, and do take great heed that I murmure not against such my smal knowledg which God hath given me. I have grounded my preaching upon the literal word; whoso pleaseth may follow mee, hee that will not may chuse . . . . True it is, the Saints do know God's Word, and they can speak thereof, but the practise will not follow; therein wee are and remain alwaies scholars. The School-Divines gave a fine comparison touchmg the same. It is therewith (saie they) as with a Sphere, or round Globe, which, lying on a table, toucheth upon it but onely with one point, whenas, notwithstanding, the whole table supporteth the Globe.

N. b. a good emblematic Vignette: On Coleridge's interest in emblems

see 497 5 to 4981 and nn. Neologists: See CN III 440 I and n. tJ!evBo-evangelicals: Those who interpreted and defended orthodoxy by the letter of the Bible. Coleridge frequently distinguishes them from the Paleyan and Grotian rationalizers. True evangelicals for Coleridge were men who, like Wesley, proclaimed a stirring spiritual message. TaeA.mA.x: "Table Talk", German Tafel and English Talk transliterated into Greek with a slip in the last letter. hoc modo: "in this way". 4666 28.25 The Just liveth by Faith: Heb 10:38; Gal 3:1 I var. Probably stimulated by Luther's Colloquia Mensalia (1652), e.g. 186207 "Of the Law and the Gospel" and 208-29 "That onely Faith in Christ justifieth before GOD". The text was central to Luther's theology. 4667 2 8. 26 The differences in the two Creation stories in Gen are most fully discussed in CN v N 26 f3sv; see CN III 4418 and above 4554 to 4558 and nn. Cfthis entry with a letter of c 8 Jan r82r to L. Neumegen CL v 135.

NOTES

[4{)69

I, and vI. 2.3. of Jlnd C. of G.: Gen I, and Gen 2:1-3, or the first Creation story. j(-: Contrary to; for Coleridge's symbols see App A. ll from 4 inclusive: Gen 2:4-25, or the second Creation story. v. II, 12 C. 1.: Gen I:II, 12 "And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth, and it was so. And the earth brought forth grass, the herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good." v. 5 of C 11: Gen 2:5; actually verses 4 and 5, "These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens, And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth." Jehovah Adonaim: The word used for "God" in the first story is Elohim, in the second Jehovah Elohim. The term Adonai (plural Adonaim) is from the Hebrew adon, "Lord", which appears rarely in OT and not at all before Gen I 4:2 2. It was a word reserved for human rulers and came into use as a substitute for Jehovah in later Judaic tradition. Coleridge is correct in using the plural form Adonaim for the Elohim of the second story, but incorrect in using the singular Adonai for the Elohim (translated "God") in the first. elder and ruder document: in AT II 283-8 Eichhorn concluded that the relative ages of the two documents could not be determined. Coleridge's theory seems to be his own; most Biblical critics of his day dated the second later than the first.

4668 28.27 The entry is apparently a continuation of Coleridge's speculations on the origins of languages and races; see 4548 and 4866. A1etals-konig: "Metal king", referring to the pure metal residue after smelting. The Latin (and English) term regulus, with its German equivalent, was still current in metallurgy in Coleridge's time. primary oxidation: Cf 4934 and n. zuriick gedriingt . . . iibergewalt der Sch[em] + Japhet: "Ham pressed back because of the stronger affinity, or rather the overpowering of Shem and Japheth"; the German is probably Coleridge's own. 4669 28.29 The entry is not in Coleridge's hand, but in a particularly painstaking version of Charles Lamb's; it is much tidier, and written with a better pen, than Lamb's own sonnet in 4589. Superficially

4670]

NOTES

the hands look like different ones, but literal examination points to Lamb for both. This Thurlow sonnet appeared at the end of Lamb's essay, "Defence of the Sonnets of Sir Philip Sidney" in the London Magazine (Sept I 823) VIII 25 r. Thurlow shared Lamb's enthusiasm for Sidney; see L Works IV 428 and 481 On. It was preceded by Lamb's introductory note: A profusion of verbal dainties, with a disproportiOnate lack of matter and circumstances, is I think one reason of the coldness with which the public has received the poetry of a nobleman now living; wh1ch upon the score of exqwsite diction alone, is entitled to something better than neglect. I will venture to copy one of his Sonnets in this place, which for quiet sweetness, and unaffected morality, has scarcely its parallel m our language.

Edward Thurlow (2nd baron q8 r-r 829) had published a volume of Poems in I 8 I 3 in which this sonnet appeared. This entry then, and perhaps 4589, if they were copied out for Coleridge on the sarrie visit, probably antedated the London Magazine publication Coleridge naturally would have in print. On the assumption (based on Coleridge's usual practice of opening a notebook at blank pages for friends to write in it,) that f/36 and 35'' were blank when Lamb transcribed the sonnet, an I 8 20 date is suggested. 4670 28.28 These memoranda on tropical varieties of the acacia may or may not be related in part to Coleridge's reading of Oken Naturgeschichte. The names are all in Index Kewensis, but not all in Oken. Coleridge's immediate source is untraced. exudation of the Gum Arabic from the Acacia vera: Oken Botanik ii Naturgeschichte III 828-9 (tr): "A[cacia] vera, nilotica . . . from Egypt to Senegal; yields gum arabic, which came formerly only from Egypt but which now comes much from Senegal." Acacia Senegal . . . : Ibid. (tr): A [ cacia] Senegal . . . in Senegal; from thence to America; a tree which covers the entire coast; exudes 2-3 inch, round, dull white bits of gum, from October to June." the West ... loosed from the 0: I.e. in the Compass of Nature, loosed from the centrality; see 4555 and n. This material is not in Oken. Acacia Arabica . . . Shittim Wood of Moses: Oken described the Acacia arabica as similar to the nilotica but not as a link to the senegalensis. The shittim wood of e.g. Ex 25:ro, 25; 26:r6; 27:I was more probably the acacia seyal, considered inferior to the nilotica and the senegalensis. Shittim was probably a place name in Moab, meaning "the place of the acacias". On Coleridge's view of the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch see e.g. 4562 and n.

NOTES

[4671

4671 28.30 Spinosism in ali its forms: I.e. pantheism; see 4648, 4662, and nn. See also CN III 3 516 on Spinosism and the "Spinosisticbarren" of CN III 4424. For an unfavourable comparison of the Schellingian Spinosists with Spinosa see CN III 4429, 4445. Cf also the letter to J. H. Green dated Sept 18 I 8 CL IV 873-6. e1ro1TTLKOL: I.e. tofrJiv, avoiding 4709 and 4710 already on the pages between. fi 31v "unless above himself He can . . . Man!" Samuel Daniel, Epistle to the Lady Margaret, Countess if Cumberland: Works (1718) II 354· The quotation was used as a motto in the I 8 I 8 The Friend: The Friend (CC) I 100.

plusquam-individual: "more than" -individual. (see Statesman's Manual): SM:LS (CC) 29-32, 73n, 79· Tablet of Cebes: The famous work so entitled, describing a (fictitious) allegorical painting on the life of man, was commonly attributed to Cebes, the Pythagorean. See Coleridge's annotation on Marcus Aurelius, CN 11 2077 and n. Also CM r under Marcus Aurelius Meditations for Coleridge's annotations on J. Collier's translation.

NOTES

[4713

Vision of Mirza: Addison's allegory of human life, in The Spectator No 159, in 5380 mentioned with the Tablet ofCebes and also Swedenborg's De Coelo et Inferno. A Symbol . .. I define: See CN III 4253. Coleridge's principal statement about allegory and symbol is in SM App C and E; LS (CC) 79, see alsop 30 n 2, n 3· In 5380 Coleridge used allegory and symbol as alternatives, as in common speech, but when attending to these as critical terms the distinction is evidently sharper and significant, allegory coming from the understanding, symbol being a product mainly of the imagination. But he was not always consistent about defining the terms; see CN III 4183, 4253, 4498 and on, also III 4058 and n. See also the extended treatment in 4831, 4832 and nn, and 5334. tautegorical: OED attributes the coinage to Coleridge in SM:LS (CC) JO cited above; it was also used in 4832f6I", and AR 199. It was natural to Coleridge's sense of opposites to form a word for "saying the same thing" in the context of the allegorical.

4712 29.193 The gibe was jotted in between the end of 29.192 (CN III 4503) and the beginning of 29.194 (4711), which was already on the page; it is therefore later than these, i.e. Sept I 820 or later. AvrnpaA. . . . /Jtoc;: "Austral's life of Wesley". On "Australis" RS see CN 1 172, 349, 987, 1815 and no, and on his life of Wesley, see also 5240, 5241, 5243. Surgeon fpijv: Whether J. H. Green had met RS personally is not recorded; possibly they met in June r 820 when Coleridge was hoping to see RS "before your return to the north". CL v 50. Is Surgeon Green (a term not used elsewhere by Coleridge) a pun on the cutting edge of the remark? By the autumn of I 8 20 RS and Coleridge-increasingly divided by their views of the economic and political depression of the period-were not on very good terms, in spite of Coleridge's qualified approval of The Life of Wesley ( r 8zo). epp.a4Jpo8: Transliterated, "hermaphrod[ite/itic]". Cf Byron's view of RS as "Mr Facing Both Ways" in The Vision of Judgement (1822). 4713 29.197 This entry follows part of 4711 on the page. There is some error in the date here, or in the day (Friday) in 4714; in Sept 1820 the nearest Fridays were 15 and 22 Sept. In view of 4716 being dated Thursday 2 r Sept, the most likely date for this entry is Sept 15. It was first published in Gil/mans of Highgate 38-9 where this, and the next entry and 5143 are said to have been transcribed by Mrs Gill-

4714]

NOTES

man for Mr Gillman's projected second volume of his biography of Coleridge. Handiness: In OED but not in this sense; it may or may not be pertinent to notice that in works on animal magnetism the hand and its functions are prominently discussed. a word wanting . . . to Time what Place is to Space: Cf4 7 7 5, 4 77 6. co-inherent: A word Coleridge liked doubtless for its organic overtones; see 4644 and n; 4843, 5377; and coinherence in many contexts in addition to these: 4714, 4718, 4846, 4929, 5241, 5290, 5429. to be raised from Being into Existence: Cf 4840 and n. In 5130, knowledge is said to be Being, i.e. not Existence; and Being is Knowledge. Is Coleridge implying that Handiness, the sense of Time, the sense of Relation, either in Place or Time, are all forms of unconscious knowledge? Existence is the externalization or in Coleridge's terms the outnes.s of Being. Being is the result of a process of becoming, and, as Coleridge says in a magnificent entry (CN III 3593), is "posterior to its (the Soul's] Existence". See also among many relevant entries, CN III 3591, 3592. See also 4840 and n.

4714 29.198

AP 296-8, and previously in Gil/mans of Highgate (39-40); see the previous note. The numeral before Sept' r82o is difficult to read; but if the entry followed 4 713 by a half an hour the probable date was I 5 Sept; see 4 713 n. Or in view of 4 716 being correctly dated Thursday 21 Sept, (as to day and date) the day of the week is wrong here. In that case, the date of both 4 7 13 and this entry would be Monday, r 8 Sept r820. ji 3 I v the Poet . . . wishing to appear as the Poet: See C N III 43 8 8 ji 4 8 and n. ji 3 I anschaut: "perceived"; in CN III 3302 he suggested the Saxon "onlook" to translate it, in CN III 3 801 he translated Anschauung as intuition, or immediate inspection. Anschauen the verb and Anschauung the noun are recurrent among the Kantians; see in contexts of "perception", "conception", "intuition", "beholding", CN III 3 80 l, 4449 f3ov; 4923 in this volume, also 5431, 5432 and nn. Steffens says, "Die Identitiit des Denkens und Seyns wird Anschauung genannt". Grundziige 5: "The identity of thinking and being is called perception". the Objecti'!Jity consists in the uni'!Jersality of the Subjecti'!Jeness: The kind of statement that has made psychoanalysts attentive to Coleridge; notwithstanding his different application of it to religion and poetry. Religion . . . Historical Fact . . . the Identity of both: See also 4 7ll fi 3 Iv and n. The form of the argument here is reminiscent of Steffens

NOTES

[4715

in the first few pages of the Grundzuge just cited, but Steffens wrote of the mutual identification of history and nature, not religion. fzJ z co-inherence: See 4 7 13n, 4644 and n. Shakespeare, in all things the divine opposite . . . of the divine Milton: Cf the better-known statement at the close of Chap xv BL (CC) II 28. the fit ... Reader identifies himself Borrowing from Milton's "fit though few": Paradise Lost VII 3 I. On Coleridge's own special identification with Hamlet this is one of many statements, from the well-known "I have a smack of Hamlet myself if I may say so" (TT 24 June I 8 27) to subtler analyses in some of the lectures; see ShC II I 92-8, 209-10, 229, 272-3. See also CN II 3215 on Shakespeare, on Dreams. The marginalia on Hamlet are also full of personal implications; see ShC I r8-4o. unified into a Dream: Cf CN III 4409 makes some additions here m respect of the nature of the dream. extra arbitrtum: "outside the dictates of custom". 4715 29. I99 On Discourse as opposed to Reason: See CN III 3293, 3801 and n. In CN III 4377 he found a simile for the contrast. 1E opposite, ¥ contrary to: See App A. A new symbol 0, "disparate from," is here introduced though X, frequent in CN III, reappears in 5290. lnopem me copia fecit: "Abundance has beggared me" from Ovid's Metamorphoses; see CN I 1383 and n, also CN III 4400 and n. Petrus de Mastricht: In his Theoretico-practica theologia (new ed 2 vols Utrecht I 699) I44· Tr: In God's intelligence there are two more aspects, diverse according to our way of thinking: the presence of the zdeas and the reftexion of these [or their perception] from which the intelligence of God can hardly be more accurately defined than as the most perfect intuition of himself or of his ideas. But without any receptzon of the ideas or passivity of the intellect, without any composition or division, without any discourse-because those involve imperfection, which must be carefully dissociated from the most perfect.

Coleridge omitted seu perceptio, here in square brackets translated. Gassendi: The reference is to Gassendi Animadversiones in decimum librum Diogenis Laertii, qui est de vita moribus placitisque Epicurii (Jrd ed 2 vols Lyons I 6 7 5) II 56. Gassendi reads: An-non potius Deum intelligentem sic concipere ut ... cum v. c. nos multa offusi caligine nihil sincere perspiciamus, sed gradatim unum post aliud et deducendo varia per varias consequutiones cognoscamus; ipse intuitu s1mplici, et nihil ratiocinatione indigens, intelligat omma.

4716]

NOTES

Thus Coleridge has condensed Gassendi, making his subordinate into main clauses, making "multa" into "many things" instead of "much [darkness]", and adding "per discursum" and all the underlinings. T r (of Coleridge's version): We acquire knowledge of many things gradually, one thing at a time and by deducing various matters through various processes of thought, but he (God) understands everything by simple intuition, having no need of ratiocination by discourse.

Coleridge's addition makes it clear that ratiocinatio is "understanding" not "reason". Limbarch: The correct reference is Lib II Cap VIII § XXXIV. The English translation by William Jones, Compleat System of Divinity (I7 rJ) is abridged and does not contain this passage. Tr: "God knows everything by simple intuition through pure and simple intelligence. For God does not, like men, use discursive reasoning: for all discursive reasonmg smacks of imperfection". Leibnitz Nauv{eaux} Ess{ais}sur i'Ent{endement} Humain. . Liv. IV. Chap. XVII.: The work, but not this passage, was quoted in the first paragraph of Chap IX BL (CC) I 141. Coleridge recommended it to a Mr Pryce Jr in April I 8 I 8. CL IV 8 51. See also CM I 8 2 under Anderson (Copy C) & Milton "with three hundred others": Milton in Paradise Last v 487-90; see Chap X BL (CC) I 173-4·

4 716 29.200 the inveterate usage of borrowing from the French & Latin only: Did Coleridge initiate-he certainly encouraged-the modern development in favour of Saxon-derived over other-derived words? See e.g., CN III 3302. in sensu morali: "in the moral sense". fi 29'' Contents ... lnhalt, or lnhald: On Coleridge's liking for German prefixes, see CN II 3160, also "Satyrane's Letters" 111: BL (CC) n 197-8. In the Logic (CC) I I I he says, "owing to the awkwardness of the plural word 'contents' and the ambiguity of the singular 'content' we shall henceforward employ the term 'matter' as the antithesis of form and as answering to the Inhait (Inhald of the German)''. nomen generale: "the generic term". Milton's Elephants indorsed with towers: Paradise Regained III 329: "Chariots or Elephants endorst with Towers". 4 717 29. 20I

Mem ... alles Bewiisstein durch das Bewiisstein meiner Selbst bedingt sey: It is an odd slip of the pen twice to mis-spell Be-

NOTES

[4719

wtisstsein. Probably Coleridge's own German, but in notebook dialogue with someone-Kant, Schelling, or possibly Heinroth; see 5432. Consciousness and Self-consciousness were to receive increasing attention from Coleridge through the I 82os. In CN III some interesting relevant entries are 3605, 4186; in gradations of consciousness see CN III 3362 and the reference in 3362n. scire truncum arboris . . . arborem cum se: "be conscious of the trunk of a tree with its branches" as well as "of itself with the tree" or "the tree with itself'? Self-sentience, Self-percipience . . . conpercipience: The first use of sentience in OED is dated I 839. Percipience is given one example earlier than this one. Conpercipience does not appear in OED. Coleridge in his Op Max (MS) III fz 4 o, fr 4 2 carried on a similar discussion of consciousness including these fresh-minted terms.

4718 29.202 preferred . . . intensed . . . to intended, and intensify to intend: Coleridge does not here deal with the point that intended and intend already were appropriated for other use; cf his apology for using intensify in Chap VII BL (CC) I I27n, cited in OED as the first use. He there said "intensify" sounded "uncouth" to his ear (but Dickens and George Eliot followed h~m in using it). His intensed (meaning "intensified"), which is classified in OED as "obs," is a choice reflecting this express distaste.

4719 28.48

!52..., Coleridge's wntmg in Greek the phrase "Method of Research on Hydrophobia" may be simply casual; or, as it was James Gillman's subject, did he wish for some reason (or from the addict's tendency to sporadic secretiveness) to conceal his reflections here? On his interest in hydrophobia see above 4514n. Vorregungen: "antecedent stirrings". !53 potenziation: Coleridge's coinage; see above 4645, 4624 and nn. Sativa . . . as poisonous: Coleridge's notes on Steffens Beytriige attack Steffens's ignorance of how poisons act on the sensibility. On I 7 5-7 he wrote: Steffens forgot or did not know that the irritants and functions of the Brain & Senses are characteristic of Hydrophoby. The rabious Saliva of the Dog acts on the Sensibility in the Irritable System so intensely as to commence a metamorphosis, the muscles usurping the functions of the Nerves. The Sensibility wrestles with the Irritr to which it ought to be [?subjugate] as its fuel or sustenance as the nerve-knots to the muscles in brainless Insects.

4719]

NOTES

However, much of the discussion of vegetable and animal poisons that follows derives, though strongly assimilated, from Steffens Beytriige 74-

7· Egyptian Gecko: The poisonous saliva of this Egyptian lizard is referred to by travellers but probably Coleridge had the example from K&S (see 4879 foil and nn). "Letter XXIII" there on the "Motions of Insects" refers to the tiny and often tame Gecko walking against gravity, up walls; Coleridge would associate it with the harmless little lizards in which he took pleasure in Malta (CN II 2144, 2177, 2195). K&S (n 325 fn) report, quoting J. H. B. St Pierre, A Voyage to the Mauritius ... ( 177 5) that "The Gecko is very frequent at Cairo . . . that it exhales a very deleterious poison from the lobuli between the toes. He saw two women and a girl at the point of death, merely from eating a cheese on which it had dropped its venom." From the care with which Coleridge took notes from K&S in N 23 one may fairly assume this as his source here. /53 the Euphorbias: Many species comprising the spurge genus, all of which produce a milky sap. Lettuce Opium: OED quotes A. Duncan M.D. for the term, in I 8 r6; "a substance which I have denominated Lactucarium, or Lettuce Opium": Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society (I 8 I 9) II 3 I 2. See also 4624 j2o and n. Lactuca viridis: "green lettuce/garden lettuce". affinity to Azote obtained by its animalization: In the ascent of life an affinity to nitrogen appears in poisons produced by animals. as Opium to Carb{on} + Hyd{rogen}--So the Adder, . . . &c. Poison may be to Azote + Pthoric Gas (Fluoric): I.e. as Opium, a vegetable poison, is to carbon plus hydrogen, so animal poisons (as from the hooded cobra) may be to nitrogen and fluorine. See 4565 and n. !sf" two Principles ofC/assif[ication] First & Highest, the Powers . .. : See 4541 and n. I . . . follow Moses: I.e. adopt a natural classification based on the Mosaic cosmogony. Coleridge has been seeking in this N 28 and N 27 to combine a system of powers with Genesis I and here applies the combination to zoology. See the classification scheme in 4724; also on Fish, Insects, Birds. Mammalia, &c. see TL esp 74-84. Cf on the absence of elements in OT, 5434 below. /54 my plan comprizes Oken's 0 Steffens's: Oken in his Lehrbuch der N aturphilosophie ( 1 809) argued that the ''classes" mineral, vegetable, and animal should be arranged according to the principal organs or anatomical systems. As each of them-mineral, vegetable, and animal-began

NOTES

[4720

from the one beneath it, all developed parallel to one another, i.e. the organs were: skin (touch), tongue (taste), nose (respiration & smell), ear (hearing), and eyes (sight); the corresponding classes were invertebrates, fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals, in parallel progression upwards. See below 48 13 and n. In his later Zoologic: Lehrbuch der N aturgeschichte v' VI (I 8 Is- I 6) Oken arranged genera and species according to these principles of classification, which led to animals becoming nobler in rank the greater the number of organs liberated or severed from the Grand animal (i.e. the animal kingdom thought of as one animal) and entering into combination. This, although having something remotely in common with Coleridge's principle of individuation, here and in TL, was too fanciful, and too dependent on a scheme of organization rather than on a concept of development of powers, to be satisfactory to Coleridge. Oken's "fictions" included the notion that all organic beings were built of protoplasmic cells, and that man, having all five kinds of organs, comprised the whole animal kingdom himself. Steffens is much closer to Coleridge's classification. In his Beytriige, of which Coleridge made considerable use in TL, he uses as his basis the powers of reproduction, irritability, and sensibility, and says that nature seeks the most individual formation. He presents plants and animals as in two juxtaposed columns in nature. He ignores the Mosaic sequence and hence the classification Coleridge adumbrates here (.ffs]'"-54 ). The principal difference is that Coleridge's polarity principle enables him to make vitalist sense of e.g. sensibility, and irritability, and thus to propose a dynamic for his classification. See 4 724.

4720 28.49

Marietti versus Brown: The Marietti family were Queen Caroline's bankers in Milan; T. H. Browne was appointed by the Prince Regent in I 8 I 8 a member of the "Milan Commission" to investigate her domestic life. A distinguished officer, Browne was accused of suborning evidence. Coleridge seems to imply that the Marietti made calculating use of the Queen's need of them, defending themselves with Prudential Proverbs. two classes-Honor-Castlereagh Goodness, Piety = Sidmouth: Coleridge, in trying to analyse the public effect of moral turpitude in high places, attacks as elsewhere (5057) the falseness of negative virtue, seen here as of two kinds. Both flattered the King out of self-interest, Castlereagh on the pretence of Honor, Sidmouth by paying lip service to conventional Goodness and Piety (see 4772 and n). They won public esteem

4721]

NOTES

in these ways, in spite of the known debaucheries of the King. See also 4803n. In each County ... what a tantum non omneity: A majority only just short of all. On Coleridge's concern at this time about the changing proportions of landed and popular interests, see 4684 and n; also C&S (CC) e.g. 28-9, 63-4Jss Earl of Newcaster [a slip for Newcastle]: William Cavendish, the first duke (1592-1676), raised numerous armies at his own expense in the Stuart cause, thereby impoverishing himself.

4721 28.50

Down to the end of the first paragraph the entry was written in pencil and traced over in ink in Mrs Gillman's hand. Eloquence; see also 4637 and n. Prcecipitandus est fiber Spiritus: "The free spirit must be swept along/ plunge headlong". Petronius Satyricon I 18; also used in TT 14 May I8JJ. order and progression: Cf The Friend (CC) I 449-76, the essays on "Method", esp 457, 476.

4722 28.51

The entry is largely a translation ofOken's concluding paragraphs in Part iii of his Zoologic, Sect 2 Naturgeschichte VI r 2334· Coleridge's first paragraph is a translation, in Oken's order, of his remarks on man as part of the whole animal kingdom, except that he enriched Oken's description of the elephant and the hyena ("der gross mi.ithigste Elephant und die hungerigste Hyane"), and he inserted the lordliest Lion & the most venal Jackal!. Coleridge's second paragraph is Oken's subsequent list of four kinds of men: "Sylvan mensch, Schwarzer, ... Satyr mensch ... Rother ... Faunmensch, Gelber ... Panmensch, Weisser. . . . " Oken then asked, "Warum gibt's keine grune und blaue Menschen?" ("Why are there no green and blue men?") This is the last sentence of the work. blue is the negative Pole . . . . Green, the Synthesis: See 4855, 5290, 5446, 5447, where Coleridge developed his dynamic theory of colours as powers. Cf also TT 24 April I832.

4723 28.52

In pencil, part traced over in ink by Coleridge him-

self. Stercore fucatus Crocidili: This phrase from Horace, Epode I 2. I I, is quoted by Oken in his description of the crocodile in his Zoologic Pt Ill § 2: Naturgeschichte VI 297 (misprinted 397): "[her face] made up with crocodile's dung". From some editions of Horace, including LCL, the

NOTES

[4724

poem is omitted as indecent. Coleridge's information in this paragraph may come from the same page of Oken, but the Warane comes on p 3I5. See 4722 and n. The 1/JevlJo-&ytm: "The sham saints" Sidemouthry )f Yare . . . mouthry: References to Viscount Sidmouth, Henry Addington (see above 4720 and n), who retired from the Home Secretaryship in I 82 I, and perhaps to a member for Yarmouth? Or do the words describe two kinds of political talkers-the one out of the side of the mouth, 1( the "yare" mouth, of the ready and voluble speaker, with the suggestion in yard of mob eloquence? The Plumage of the . . . Colibri & Bird of Paradise: Two "Kolibri" are described by Oken, the American hummingbird and the European firecrest (ibid VI 372-5, 433); the "Paradiesvogel" is also discussed (vi 4634) but not as providing fans for Malays. Coleridge objects (in a MS note on Oken's p 466) that he is not thorough enough and that Blumenbach is better. An ax he met her os!: in Greek, "anax hemeteros" = "our king". On os (oc;) and word-play on the Latin for face, bone, mouth, see 4749 and n. + Castellum re age: "act the castle indeed". As this is dog latin for "Castlereagh", Foreign Secretary, the entry must probably be dated before his death in r 822; see 4720, and for an earlier attack, CN III 4258 and n. Trochilus, by Herodotus, the Charadrius IEgyptius of Mod. Ornithol[ogists}: Herodotus (2.68) writing of the crocodile tells how, "whenever the crocodile comes ashore out of the water and then opens its mouth ... the sandpiper goes into its mouth and eats the leeches; the crocodile is pleased by this service and does the Trochilus [sandpiper] no harm". Tr A. D. Godley (LCL 1920-4). The efts or newts are Coleridge's addition, no doubt to make his joke about the crocodile as the monstrous "King-Eft".

4724 28.53

Originally in pencil, the entry was in part retraced in ink and at the date of the retracing a postscript was added on f69, after entry 5173 was written on that page, i.e. the P.S must be dated in I 824. Substantiating the claim made at the end of 4 7l n; see the note there; also, as evidence of Coleridge's continuing search for classificatory schemes, see 5183, 4775, 4776 and nn. The scheme here was an answer of a kind to Oken's Introduction and plan in his Naturgeschichte; see also 4813 and n. Coleridge annotated in

4725]

NOTES

Green's copy Vols I (Mineralogic 1813) and v and VI (Zoologic r8rs-r6). Vols II-IV constituting Pt II of the work (the Botanik 1825-6) are not marked, although Coleridge later used them. A note on the front fly-leaf of Vol I, dated 30 Sept r 820, is closely related to this entry, using some of the same phrases. There Coleridge contrasts with Oken's "our scheme" (his and Green's) "in which the substratum modificabile is subsumed in the creative Will, as a transcendent-while the powers der ldeenach are named, each by the generic term that best comprizes its Attributes, and the bodies, that best represent these powers, are named and treated of, as representing this or that power which in each is the Predominant, and not as being the powers." The fly-leaf note goes on with a discussion of the powers, attractive and repulsive, in the bipolar line of the Compass of Nature. On the first 67 pages Coleridge's notes are frequent, but increasingly negative, and Oken is placed far below Steffens here. Yet in a letter of 8 April I 825 Coleridge referred to Oken's as "The best and cheapest Natural History in existence" and advocated its translation into English. CL v 422. Clearly he preferred it to Oken's Naturphilosophie; see 47 53n. ens substratum modificabile . . . : "substratum/substrate which is modifiable" On the Substantive cf 4679, 4739, and 4886. e1rtOerov modifaciens: "epithet which modifies" For Coleridge on the importance of classification to the advancement of the sciences, see above 4695 and n, and e.g. the essays on method in The Friend (CC) I 466-75.

4725 28.54

In pencil.

potestas celata: "hidden power". the H. of Lord's his Majesty's Breech, cocked out of a Window: The series

of caricatures on the King's Bomb was undoubtedly in Coleridge's mind's eye here; cf 4 7 48 and n. The country felt that the House of Lords was not only a particularly shameful tool of the King but also the cause of a shocking exposure of the moral decline in English public life. See 4803, 4805 and n.

4726 28.55 Oken in his Zoologie Sect II, Pt III: Naturgeschichte 355-650 described as his Class VII the birds ("Ohrthiere-Vogel), paying considerable attention to bird calls; the song of the Loxia curvivostra (fir finch or crossbill) is on p 413. Von Einem: Presumably a Gottingen acquaintance. Many travellers have had similar experiences. Carlyon records Coleridge at Gottingen on

VI

NOTES

[4728

the ramparts, discussing the notes of the nightingale, "nowhere heard in greater perfection; and upon which Coleridge did not fail to descant most poetically ... " Carlyon I 90. infants imitate sights & modes of Touch by sound . .. embryo hands: On the importance of touch as the starting-point of the learning process and the process of communication, early understood by Coleridge, see CN 1 924; see also 5463 below. 4 7 27 28.56 In pencil, partly retraced in ink by Coleridge. For another reference to his reading a sermon of Swift see CN I 1254 and n. The quotation is from the third paragraph of this sermon, not one of Swift's best, against sleeping through sermons; it is variously numbered in different editions of the Works. It is No. v in Sermons on Several Subjects: Works (20 vols Dublin 1762), and in its many reprints, No. x. 4 7 2 8 60. I The cover or outside leaf has disappeared from this unbound notebook (see N 6o Gen N), taking with it the beginning of this entry and possibly some clue as to the source or ir:npetus for it. Hiatuses are owing to the pages being scuffed and torn at the edges. Adjungit voluptatem-atque utinam Virtutibus semper vel lnnocen{tiae} saltern; at nee non et vitiis, eheu!: "It adds pleasure-and oh that it were always to virtue or Innocence at least; but alas it [adds it] to vices too." definition, not verbal but real: l.e.the essence rather than the form; see 4523, 5143 and 5144 and nn. PERSONALITY: The concept was of basic importance to Coleridge in his struggle to work out a logical and viable theory of the relation of God and man, as becomes more apparent in later entries in CN v. See 5222 for a statement distinguishing between personeity and personality and explaining the significance of the latter as applied to God; also 5297 jj2 r"'-22. fr"' not incomprehensible from Transcendence, but [?not/yet] comprehensibly absurd: See 4797 fso". f2 perfected Idealism, such as Fichte's: As Coleridge mocked at it in a description of Fichte's "I" from Uber den Begriff der Wissenschaftslehre ( 1798) 49 in a letter of 9 Feb r8or to DW? CL II 673-4. perfected Realism, such as Spinoza's: See 4671 and n. injinita cogitatio sine centro: "infinite thought without a centre". Cf CN III 4351; see also CM I Bohme Aurora I ii 40. Lex generalissima-ordo ordinans--moralitas infinita sine centro: "universal law-ordering order-infinite morality without a centre".

4729]

NOTES

j2"

Theriacum multi-compositum: "a multi-compound Cure-all". juxta-position of the first & second Commandments: Ex 20:3-6; See 4671

and n.

f3

If Light & Darkness are co-present in a Being: Cf Coleridge's discussions of the Light-Darkness, Good-Evil convolutes in CN III 4418, CN IV 4554, 4998 and nn. Causa Causm: "Cause of Cause". trans creation: Not in OED, which attributes transcreate to Coleridge in LR IV I 66, giving the unaccountable date of I 834; the LR reference is to "Notes on Leighton" which are variously datable from I 8 I 9 onwards. as Augustin, the Schoolmen, Leibnitz, Spinoza, teach: St Augustine passim, e.g. City of God XI 9,22: XII 7, closely followed by many Schoolmen, Leibnitz in the Theodicee, and Spinoza in the Ethics. then he created the Darkness: Isa 45:7. ad infinitum, in diabolos Diabolorum per secula seculorum: "to infinity, to devils of Devils into all eternity".

4729 60.2 On the want of a fourth gender pronoun see CN III 3238, 3399 and nn. The Greek o and the Latin quod are the neuter relative pronouns.

4 7 3 0 60.3 entries: CN

On the necessary reciprocity of true Love, see earlier 2556, III 3729, 4158. /7" Self-insufficiency: Neither of Coleridge's words here with the self prefix is in OED. f8" Desire . . . Lust . . . Love: Distinctions frequently recurrent throughout the notebooks; see e.g. C N I 448, 1822 and nn; II 249 5, 2739 and nn, III 3989 and n; and in this volume 4848 and n, 4884, 5076, 5235. confuse the Word and the Thing ... Chapeau . . . Hat: Cf CN III 4237 and n. See CM II under Kluge Magnetismus annotation 33· j1 o homo dimidiatus: "half a person". jii-jr z" Desire: See also CN II 2995, 2600; CN III 3284, 3530, 357 5, 3746, 3777. fz6" Persona duplex, dupliciter una, per intus-susceptionem mutuam: "A double person, doubly one, by mutual intussusception". See CN III 4435 and n on intus-susception. II

4 7 31 60.4 On German words without English equivalents see CN III 4361; also 5392 and nn.

NOTES

[4733

Anmuth: Usually "grace", as in the title of Schiller's essay, "Anmuth und Wiirde". Coleridge put Anmuth with Wahnsinn "among the many untranslatable Words, which (in the innocent sense of "envy") I envy the Germans. I mean to make a catalogue of them." Marginal note on Schelling's Darlegung des wahren Verhiiltnisses der Naturphilosophie zu der verbesserten Fichte'schen Lehre (Tubingen I 8o6) r 2 I.

4732 60.5 The name Sir John Seabright was written in above after the entry had exhausted the space on the very small page, so that it appears on the same line as Anmuth of the previous entry though written in a smaller hand. However, a search of Sebright's not very voluminous writings (unlikely ones on falconry etc.) discovered no interest in Anmuth and examination of the MS suggests, by a vague line arrowing downwards to the first line here, that his name was associated with this entry. As the event proved. r8 Oct. 182o-a motion . . . on Sir R. Baker . . . : The reference appears to be to the debate in the House of Commons on Joseph Hume's motion that Sir Robert Baker, chief magistrate of Bow Street, be brought to the bar of the House, to be questioned regarding Franklin (alias Fletcher) charged with writing and issuing seditious placards. Baker was supposed to have allowed the accused to escape. I dentiff.ication] of H. of C. with administ[ration] alludes to Hume's charge that there had been a collusion from the Home Office. Sir John Sebright, M.P. for Hereford, said he could not vote for the motion "which (as we understood him) would be calling on government to commit an act of suicide". The Times r8 Oct I82o. Coleridge's final exclamation mark is not beyond doubt in the MS. Whether there or not, the entry itself may be for him another instance of parliamentary logic (see the next entry). Mr. Hume's motion was obviously an attempt to embarrass Sidmouth and the Home Officereally it was another attempt to unseat the government. After a long debate the motion was withdrawn, which Coleridge saw as yet further evidence of the Commons supporting Sidmouth's corrupt administration of the Home Office. Hansard Parliamentary Debates N .S. III (Sept-Nov 1820) cols 756-83. 4733 6o.6 Possibly suggested by the Commons debate of the previous entry, in which Hume was accused of shifting his ground, from a charge against Sir Robert Baker to a charge of conspiracy in the Home Office, i.e. bringing in a motion for one sort of inquiry and turning it into another. On Coleridge's distrust of parliamentary logic see, among many jibes, e.g. 4938 and n.

47341

NOTES

4 7 34 6o. 7 Elements of Music: On Coleridge's limited knowledge of music and some discriminating specific tastes, see IS (1979) 211-15. Yet at Christ's Hospital Coleridge was taught by Robert Hudson, "the immortal Precentor of St Paul's". See The Christ's Hospital Book ( r 9 53) 303. This appears to be his first attempt to fit music into philosophical concepts. Yet see CN III 3605 fr r8. dal corpo del' suono: "from the body of the sound". Ciaggett's Aeieuton: On Charles Clagget see CN I 161 (g) n. In 1793 he published No I [the only number issued] of Musical PhtEnomena, which opened with "A description of Clagget's Aiuton; or Ever-Tuned Organ: which, without Pipes, Glasses, Bells, or Strings, produces Tones sweeter than any other Organ yet invented". This and other remarkable musical inventions, trumpets, horns etc, were exhibited and "sold at the Musical Museum, Greek St, Soho and by all booksellers", where perhaps Coleridge had seen them. Possibly his spelling of the name of the instrument suggests he had heard of it but had not seen it written. actus receptivus: "receptive act" analogous to Elect [ricity] in Physicks. Status Virium sive Facultatis alicujus bene se habendi, as in the footnote, may be read, "A State of Well-being of The Powers or of some Faculty". ~. ordo: "Genus. order". Genus speciale: "the special Genus". Species Musica: "the Species, Music". Exponents of our Sensibility as distinguished from mere Sensation: Cf 4540, 5143, 5189 and nn. Plexus Solaris: "the Solar Plexus". 4 7 3 5 60. 8 J. Bishop is unknown; a Thomas Eggleton is listed as a tailor at 59 Church Lane, Chelsea from I8II to 1832. Could Mr Bishop, "our Calne Druggist" (letter of [Dec I 8 I 5] CL IV 6 I 2), have turned up in Chelsea? The philosophical or rational analysis in 4 7 34 was 4 7 3 6 6o. 9 broken off-in favour of an attempt in verse? The abortive lines, which look like yet another variation on Coleridge's theme, "extremes meet", do not appear in PW. 4737 60.10 SirW. Jones'sVI'h Diss . . . . Vol. I!Ep. 203 . . . : Sir William Jones Dissertations and miscellaneous Pieces relating to the history & antiquities, the arts, sciences and literature of Asia (1793). The passage reads:

NOTES

[4739

But I will only detain you with a few remarks on that metaphysical theology which has been professed immemorially by a numerous sect of Persians and Hindus, . . . Their fundamental tenets are, That nothing exists absolutely but GOD; that the human soul is an emanation from his essence, and, though divided for a time from its heavenly source, will be finally re-united w1th it; that the highest possible happiness will arise from its re-union; and that the chief good of mankind, in this transitory world, consists in as perfect an union with the Eternal Spirit as the incumbrances of a mortal frame will allow; that, for this purpose, they should break all connection (or taalluk, as they call it) with extrinsick objects, and pass through life without attachment, as a swimmer in the ocean strikes freely without the impediment of clothes . . . . that, like a reed torn from its native bank, like wax separated from its delicious honey, the soul of man bewails its dis-umon with melancholy musick, and sheds burning tears, like the lighted taper, waiting passionately for the moment of its extinction, as a disengagement from earthly trammels, and the means of returning to its Only Beloved. Such in part (for I omit the minuter and more subtile metaphysicks of the Sufis, which are mentwned in The Dabistdn) is the wild and enthusiastick religion of the modern Persian poets, especially of the sweet HA'FIZ and the great Maulavi: such is the system of the Vedanti philosophers and best lyrick poets of India . . . .

the Berkleian Scheme: See CN I l842n. Spinosism: See above 4 72 8 and n. j2 I Maia: Literally "Veil"; the common Sanskrit word used in Vedanta Hinduism to denote physical reality as illusion.

4738 6o.rr 5428 fs I".

Cf the lovely lace-work of those fair fair Elm-trees in

4739 22.79 Coleridge's copy in the BM of Sherlock's work is annotated on p 69 in language very similar to this entry: "Merciful Heaven! We can frame no idea of that, quod subter jacet, but that it is that quod supra jacet-no notion of that which is insusceptible of being represented by the eyes, but that it is id quod ob oculo jacet!-See the blessed fruits of Mr Locke's Confusion of t6ea with et6wl\ov, of vov~.tevov with awo~.tevov! (The italics in the quotation in the entry are Coleridge's) On t8ea: ("idea") with eL/5wl\ov ("image/idol") see e.g. CN III 4058. Chap v BL (CC) I 96-98 fn; SM:LS (CC) 69n, roo and n. On vov~.tevov: ("intelligible idea/law") with phamomenon ("sensible appearance") see e.g. Chap IX BL (CC) I rss; CL v 325-6. ejus quod stat subter: "of that which stands under"; see 493 5 and n. ab eo . . . rect[i]us ... videtur: "from that which lies above the surface, or more correctly, from the surface which is seen from above".

47401

NOTES

Sherlock's next sentence asserts the Lockian position with the positiveness to which Coleridge always objected. See the four letters to Josiah Wedgwood, copies of which went to Thomas Poole, of Feb I 8or (CL II 677-703). objectivitas = quod videtur mere: "objectivity = what is merely seen, or seems". quod est et videri nequit: "what is, and cannot be seen". pigra iteratio: "idle repetition". Lancelot Wade: The last sentence of Coleridge's § 6 4 7 40 2 2. 8 I was written in a small space at the top of f59v above 4742, which was already on the page and may belong to an earlier period; see 4 742n. C. exhilartive: For exhilarative. At this date young Wade (see CN III 4179n) was about twenty-two years of age, and as Coleridge suspected, already seriously ill. Coleridge and he appear to have been mutually devoted, nor is it difficult to imagine Coleridge's sympathetic concern about the son of his friend, a young man in delicate health, interested in theology (see 47 50 and n), and suffering also from a common enemy, difficult breathing. In the A.B.C.D. of advice there appear to be the fruits of experience.

4741 22.80 Jeremy Taylor Holy Living (I7IO) 2I4-I5. Chap rv, "Of Christian Religion", § IV, "Of Reading or Hearing the Word of God". Coleridge quoted literatim except for some capital letters and the italics. 4742 22.82 This entry, in ink similar to 4740, is at the top of f59v and appears to have been already on the page when 4740 was written around it. Coleridge's use of this illustration, putting the zeros before or after the numeral one, appears frequently but never more amusingly than in CL IV 949-50, a letter to Francis Wrangham dated "September 28r 8 I 9", one of the low tides of Coleridge's fortunes: ... Fenner's half copyrights I likewise purchased, so that I am now free and sole proprietor of my own works, and may adopt as my emblem oooooor-the figure one = myself, the round cyphers, symbols of eternity, a fortwri therefore, of Immortality, representing my books, and their market value! But what then? Who knows but that I too may have ;my perihelion of popularity: and that as the comet circumbends its solar focus, the long tail oooooo may whisk round to it's other end ? and then roooooo!!-But alasl it is ommous that l have been long an heretic respectmg the elliptic path of all these eccentric Kci:PTI KoJ.U)wVTe as . . . . and ........_: for Coleridge's symbols see App A. D actualised space, sometimes equated with the Mosaic darkness, corresponds to the substantiative powers I and ·· .. , North and South, while it is distinguished in the Compass of Nature from > Light, which corresponds to .... and ,....._, East and West.

4776 28.91

INTRODUCTION to the preceding: I.e. 4775. Prefatory to some work? The Opus Maximum? As in 477 5 Coleridge was reading Steffens Grundzuge 20, where Steffens's crucial argument is (tr) "Space in opposition to Time, is a pure Extension; Time in opposition to Space, pure Intensity. The Identity of Intensity and Extension is Power". cri .::-:-: An organised form of life in which hydrogen predominates over oxygen. Ta f.Lev rjJirra . • . cflVToet61j: "plants, on the one hand, perhaps also on the other plant-like forms". Divi et Numina Cosmoplastce: "the Cosmoplastic Divinities and Powers". Cf 4558 and n. f84'" the variance between our system and the Schellingian: His and Green's; see 4724n. Basically Coleridge opposed the abstract "Nature" of the Naturphilosophen with its hypothesis of a necessary development in Nature ab intra, as opposed to the dynamic creative principle Coleridge and Green affirmed, God. See 4541. Steffens, especially in his B eytriige zur inn ern N aturgeschichte der E rde: See among many entries drawing on or referring to this work, 4 719, 4724, 4778. Coleridge is more complimentary about it than any other work of Steffens; he found there a wealth of data to support the view of chemistry as vital to geology and life. Similar remarks on his essential differences with the Naturphilosophen are made in the Op Max (MS) I ff78-83, with a similar compliment to Steffens's B eytriige. f8s usque ab initio: "from the very beginning". his familiar Genius imprisoned within the magic Circle of its own describing: An odd context for the image of encircled genius at the close of Kubla Khan, though here perhaps with a difference personally significant. See "Restraint". definitions of Space and Time: see 4654 and n above.

NOTES

[4778

On Coleridge's association of Steffens with the genial Spirit of Anaximander and Parmenides cf 4518, 4521. Parmenides was not an Ionian, but an Italian Greek, and a member of the Eleatic School. but he wrote about the validity of Ionic theories. On Anaximander see CN III 4445 and n, and Lect 14 P Lects (CC) and n 6. Thenproceedfromp. 07: l.e.f8o"' in 4775. SeeN 28 Gen N. Himself? Hartley? 4 7 7 8 2 8. 93 Steffens had "an intuition" or "an inkling" of the nebular hypothesis of Laplace in the Traite de Mecanique Celeste. p. 28 of his first manual-book: Grundzuge, see 4648, 4662, &c. It seems useful to quote the original here, there being some doubt whether Steffens had an inkling of celestial mechanics, or rather planetary motions in the (current) solar system, or whether he was referring obliquely to Laplace's nebular hypothesis as set forth in the first two editions of his Exposition du Systeme du Monde (1796, 1799). See 5144n. On "The Five Forms of Laplace's Cosmogony" see American Journal of Physics (Cambridge, Mass 1976) 4-r I. Steffens wrote: Der wahre Mittelpunkt des Planeten, das zugleich Formende und Konstrutrende, der Reprasentant der Einheit der Schwere und des Lichts, ist die Sonne. Die sichtbare Sonne, so wie sie sich fur eine endliche Anschauung darstellt, ist selbst nur ein Reflex der wahren Sonne, die in einem jeden Planeten, in einer jeden Organisation, als das Ansicht des formenden und Konstruirenden Princips ist. Tr: The true centre of the planet, both forming and constructing, the representative of the unity of gravity and light, is the sun. The visible sun, as it presents Itself to our finite perception, is itself only a reflexion of the true sun which is the essential in each and every planet, in each and every organisation the forming and constructing principle.

Coleridge wrote a note on the opposite page in Steffens (29), but it was not pertinent to this topic. if the Sun goes forth as Form: Steffens's "visible sun" and "the true sun" (natura naturata and natura naturans) was a distinction attractive to Coleridge; see CN III 4397 fso"' and n, also 4558 !53"' and n. the Firstborn: Col x:r8. Or Hebrews 12:23? all struggle in nature is productive Embrace: See for another expression of the resolution of internecine contradictions in the war-embrace of cosmic forces, 4775f8z, 5233, CN III 4418/I4 and n. vtl), states that according to philosophical opinion the question is an utterance which demands a symbolic answer, as "Yes", "No", "Certainly", "Doubtfully". For example, the sentence "Is it day?" is a question which is answered symbolically. Conversely,

4831]

NOTES

the 1Tevcn..T/ see also below, 48 3 2 f6o'' and n. First in Paganism . .. (It}JLf3olta: Creuzer Symbolik (r8ro-r2) I 45-6. Tr: Every sign and word, which venfies the truth of a statement or doctrine and immediately gives conviction, IS thus also called a aVfL{3o'A.ov . .•• That remarkable word of living memory wh1ch Periander received through Melissa's death oracle [Coleridge's NeKpo,...anna] and which at once gave him faith in the truth of the pronouncement was called just that. 62 • • • Ftrst of all, regarding paganism: no detailed proof IS required to show that the higher symbols selected for Its mystic ntes were called aV!J.{3o'A.a. This name, for example, was gtven to the hide of the fawn with which the initiated covered themselves, the cicadas which they wore in their hair, the purple carpet on which they walked, and all the similar visual signs through which they tried to hint at hidden truths. 62

Really U1JIJ.f3o'A.awv. The passage is in Herodotus v 92 7; and Sophocles, who in expressiOn as well as in mode of thought is closely related to this historian, uses the same word regarding a sign (Phtloct. 904); he uses aVJ.J.f3o'A.ov in the same sense in the same tragedy (407).

dietetic laws of Moses: Lev r I; cf 5116 and n. Lepet ypaJLJLam:

"sacred letters"; see 4794!34'" and 4832.

Birds, Beasts &c of Egypt: See 4794 and n. Lastly and as culminant . . . : Creuzer Symbolik (18ro-r2)

I 47-51 discusses the symbols of the Christian church in the same sense in which he has discussed symbols in paganism, as visible signs and acts indicating inward beliefs often with the addition of glorifying epithets, "awful symbols" (ue{3aGp.w a1Jp.f3o>..a), as Baptism and Holy Communion. He points out also that these symbola were marks and secrets setting off believers from non-believers, initiated from uninitiated. At this point Coleridge interrupts his dialogue with Creuzer to discuss the Eucharist.

NOTES

fs8'f)

ro 'irvpov:

(4832

"the etymon", the etymological source, originally "true/

genuine". full confutation both of the Romanists . . . Papal Faction in the Western or Latin Church: With this discussion of the Eucharist cf 5 I 6 I, 52 I 5,

and nn; also CN

III

3 84 7n.

persecution of Berengarius: Tennemann VIII 99-100, citing Lessing, describes the threats and outcries raised against Berengarius of Tours in the I Ith century for his statement that the bread and wine of the sacrament did not undergo physical change. Scholasticis pane . . . rectius Assentantibus: "almost all the Schoolmen assenting unwillingly and, as it were, dissentiently, or rather acquiescing". Signum mere significans: "Sign merely signifying". Berengarius asserts and vindicates the real Presence: Tennemann VIII-I 99-IOO. same words as our Church Catechism: The Catechism of the Church of England says that "the outward part or sign of the Lord's Supper" is "Bread and Wine" and that the "inner part or thing signified" is "the Body and Blood of CHRIST, which are verily and indeed taken up and received by the faithful in the Lord's Supper." so the Fathers . . . expressed themselves . . . : See below 5161 and n. ue{3au(.lta IYMBOAA: "sacred SYMBOLS"; from Creuzer Symbolik (I 8 Io12) I 4 7n; see fs8 above. thus Maximus . . . Areop. Cap. I. s8: Creuzer's Symbol£k (I 8 ro-12) r 47n quotes St Maximus the Confessor (c 58o-662) Scholia on Dionysius the Areopagite De ecclesiastica hierarchia I s8: "the rites of the Mysteries are observed in symbols and types". other interpretations . . . Legend of the Creed = Symbolum or Symbola Fidei . . . Pic Nic contributions of the 12 Apostles: Creuzer Symbolik

(r8ro-r2) (r 49-51) cites "a Greek explanation of the Symbolum fidei that has only recently become known", which says that it was called symbolon because it was an outward sign of an invisible faith already existing in the soul. Some held that the Symbolon Aposto!icum, the Apostles' Creed, was so called because each of the twelve apostles made his contribution (symbo!e) to it as though to a common meal. (See CM I Baxter Reliquiae Copy B IOO.) Creuzer pointed out that behind the great variety of meanings attached to the word by modern writers runs the idea, derived from pagan sources, of a privileged meaning and its direct connexion with a higher truth so revealed.

4832 29.88

There is a small gap and a break indicated in the manuscript and the hand has a slightly different slope from 4831. This

4832]

NOTES

entry also reflects the reading of Creuzer, but to a lesser extent, beginning with the chapter following the one used in 4831. The indubitable use of Creuzer here begins at !59'', at !J-vw = claudo. The earlier part with the further discussion of fable (f6o) is mainly Coleridge's own compilation, drawing on, perhaps among others, Rees, Webster and Lessing cited below. /59 Simile. He is like a Lion . . . rushes to the Prey: Cf Creuzer Symbolik ( I 8 I(}-- I 2) I 6 5 ( tr): If the poet says, "Achilles storms thence as a lion", that cnttc [Aristotle Rhetoric III 4] remarks, he speaks m simile; on the other hand, the expression "the lion storms thence", referring to Achilles, would be a metaphor.

A connected Series of Metaphors . . . Allegory: Creuzer Symbolik (I 8 ro-I 2) I

83 (tr):

With a symbol an tdea comes through complete in an mstant and seizes all the powers of our minds. . .. Allegory entices us to look upward and travel along the path which the images of hidden ideas are taking. In the one is instantaneous totality, in the other a progress in a series of such moments.

Cf Abraham Rees in The Cyclopaedia (see 4657n)

I

under "Allegory":

When several metaphors succeed each other, says Ctcero (Orator c. 27 tom. i; p. 520) they alter the form of the composition, and this successiOn has very properly, m reference to the etymology of the word, been denominated by the Greeks aAA-rryopta, an allegory.

this Allegory, so qualified, is A Fable: This distinction is not Creuzer's nor is it John Webster's in his Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft (1677) 14 I, I 44-7. As Coleridge says, it probably is his own. crv~J-f3o'Aa, or w~ UV!J-{3of-..a: "symbols, or as symbols" quoting Iamblichus; see above 4831 fs 7aver; ev E:vepyeu~ = cf>wr;": "The transparent in energy/activity = light". At this point Coleridge's thoughts have gone back to Aristotle's De anima (CN 1 973A) II vii 418b. After an explanation of what light is, and transparency, Aristotle said: "Now light is the activity of this transparency qua transparent. Potentially, wherever it is present, darkness is also present . . . . Light is considered to be the opposite of darkness; but

4855]

NOTES

darkness is a removal of an active condition from the transparency, so that obvious light is the presence of such an active transparency . . . " Tr W. S. Hett Aristotle On the Soul etc (LCL 1935) It is possible that the De anima at this point lies behind some of Coleridge's speculations in 5290 below also. Coleridge's N.B., encircled in ink, suggests that, having written the entry to a conclusion which casts doubt on the validity, in the present state of our knowledge, of many of Oken's specific theories and of his own, he felt that what remained of value in his exercise was essentially a linguistic distinction of more farreaching significance than any ephemeral concepts of colour. /54 An Ellipse of Color-From white to Black: Cf Oken ibid 38-40: Tr: No more than two extreme colours can exist, just as there are only two extremes to the existence of aether. Aether w its tension is light absolutely, pure, clear, colourless light. Earthly tension of light in Its perfection is colour absolutely, blackness. Thus white and black have the same relationship as light and dark, are to each other in the earthly sphere what the latter are in the cosmic. Both are the earths (?) of earthly conditions of light and hence, because they are not mtermediate things, scarcely to be called colours; they are the primordial colours.

Spannung: Oken (ibid) passim; see esp 38-39 above and 20: "Die Spannung des Aethers, ( verursacht durch die Sonne, deren Fortleitung aber bedingt durch den Pfaneten,) erscheint als Licht." (Tr) "The tension of the aether, (caused by the sun, although its propagation is determined by the planets,) appears as light." /54"' The distinction, however, between Black and Dark: See Oken, as quoted ibid, 39 above. In the Newtonian scheme, both black and dark signify the absence of all colour and light. Oken's discussion 4 I, of dark in relation to the prism, is confusing: Tr: The prism is a dark body, which is held against the light and which bends, breaks and scatters light both absolutely and within it, that is, it darkens the tenswn of light; for light does not pass mechanically through a prism as water does through a sponge-although even this is not entirely mechanical-but by means of a process in which 1t is transformed in its innermost being. The light and the dark blend with each other so closely in the prism, become solely one substance, that its shadow falls on the wall as a hybrid between darkness and light, and hence is necessanly coloured-the colour-image is a coloured shadow.

This prompted Coleridge's marginal comment, "-that its shadow is not a shadow?" The point was a major one for Coleridge, involving as it did the concept of light and darkness in active, dynamic polar opposition. Hence this last paragraph and, because of his sense of the scope of the problem of the Prismatic Spectrum, his tentativeness.

NOTES

[4856

48 56 2 1'/2. I 02 The entry is a condensation and conflation of various passages in G. F. Creuzer Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Volker (2nd ed 6 vols Darmstadt r 8 I 9-2 3). Coleridge knew and used the earlier edition of r 810 (see 483 l and n) but references cited below indicate that here he was using the later edition throughout. The Plough Ox . . . forbidden to be slaughtered by Triptolemus: Creuzer Symbolik IV 44o-79 gives an account of the Thesmophoria, a festival celebrated at Athens and throughout Greece, in honour of Ceres as Thesmophoros ("law-bringer"); the legal division of land was an important aspect of agriculture. Creuzer Symbolik rv 12 5 connects Triptolemus with the Plough Ox and the Thesmophoria: Tr: In connexion with the significance of that remarkable ceremony in Athens [i.e. the slaughtering of the ox, referred to below], we may first notice that it followed on the Eleusinian Mysteries ... ; it was indeed Triptolemus, the darling of Ceres, who laid down the law to spare the plough-ox. This injunction was also a law of the Thesmophoria. . . .

idiocies: "Hartley's idiocies"; cf "a chain of strange almost

Idiocies, Neglects, Provocations, and Promise-breach" referred to in a letter of IS Jan r822 to Derwent: CL v 196. "rational Self-love", the same as "enlightened Self-love": Coleridge knew by identification that the root of HC's failures was a sense of guilt; see the close of a letter to Allsop 8 Oct I 822: CL v 252. On "the Doctors of Self-Love", for one example among many of his vigorous objections, see C N III 3 559 and n. Coleridge's attacks on Paley are to be found through the index to every CN volume. Rochefacault: Francois Rochefoucauld (r6rJ-80), whose Maxims ran to many editions and translations, and whose works had recently been collected, in r 8 I 8.

4904 29.98

Printed in lnq Sp § 248. This entry, in a hand and ink like 4903, is probably of the same 6 July 1822 date.

4905 29.99 Tuesday 15 July I 822 would have been the 23'd Day of Derwent's Fever-thought to have been typhus, of which there was a severe epidemic in Cambridge at the time. Typhus was sometimes called "the 2 I-day Fever". The period was one of accumulated miseries for Coleridge. He and the Gillmans were in financial straits, the burden of which was embarrassingly increased for Coleridge by the domestication of Hartley with all his problems and odd manners ( 4903 ), Mrs C's nagging, and now Derwent's illness. Hartley hurt his father badly by leaving unceremoniously without announcement while Derwent was still considered to be in danger. See CL v 245-8.

4906 29. roo

More literal and more laborious than Coleridge's translation, "Often years are as nothing-moments how weighty". See the previous note, and, for what Coleridge felt about Hartley's conduct as a moment heavy with significance at this time, CL v 251.

4907 29. IOI

The differences in the beliefs of the Greek Church and those of the Latin, on the procession of the Holy Ghost, preoccupied many English theologians, e.g. Richard Field Ofthe Church (1635) 51-

4908]

NOTES

3 (Bk III Chap 1), which work Coleridge annotated heavily, John Pearson An Exposition ofthe Creed(1741) 325-6, and various others. ILT/ oVTwc; ovra: "Things not really existing". the Nous: "Mind"; cf 4796/49. Logos: "the Word". See e.g. 4554 and n above. 1Tvevp.a: "breath or spirit". Se effundens + Effiuens se refundens: "pouring Itself out, and as it flows out, pouring itself back". Cf 5249. Forms + Lux + Lumen = Sol: "Forms plus the source of Light plus created Light equal the Sun". Cf 5290 and n. Lux lucifica: "light-creating Light". Radii Luciferi: "Light-bringing Rays". Uranions . . . Pleroma Actualitatum: "heavenly ones, Ideas in divine form, eternal truths, Plenitude of Actualities". Cf 5241 f2 9.oyoc;: "spirit" and "word"; see 4870 and n. !J6 Church could discover no term . . . not still more imperfect: Jeremy Taylor Polemical Discourses (1674) 243, "Of the Real Presence": ... Because when the Church for the understanding of this secret of the holy Trinity hath taken words from Metaphysical learning, as person, hypostasis, consubstantiality, OJ.I.OOV(J'I.O~, and such like, the words of themselves were apt to change their signification, and to put on the sense of the present School. But the Church was forc'd

[5079

NOTES

to use such words as she had, the highest, the nearest, the most separate and mystenous.

See also Richard Field Of the Church (CN

III

4191) 142.

Divines as equally Orthodox and learned have felt . . . : Pearson An Exposition of the Creed 307-9 and Jeremy Taylor Polemical Discourses 243

admit that many passages of Scripture regarding the Holy Ghost do not seem to refer to a person and are thus equivocal; they both argue that the passages must be seen as philosophically implying personality. passage in the Acts: Act 19:1-7 on John the Baptist's disciples who had not heard of the Holy Ghost. may be otherwise interpreted: I.e. than as proving the existence of the third Person of the Trinity. Baptismal Institution in Matthew: Matt 28:19. doubt among the Learned . . . age of this Text: Eichhorn NT I 1o 5 wrote that the text was not known to Justin Martyr, who used a different baptismal formula. f36v distinction between the begetting ... Proceeding: I.e. following the Council of Constantinople, A.D. 381; see 4907n. Sancta Sophia: "Holy Wisdom"; the Greek Patristic term for the Holy Ghost, that for Christ being the Logos. Cf Eichhorn NT II r 70 foll; see also 4870, 5172 and nn. 'i.oc/Jta rptrrayta: "thrice holy Wisdom". f3 7 frequent sequence of a substantive in the genitive case: As the 1tvevp.a E>eov "spirit of God" which appears fifteen times in NT. supposed in several passages of the New Testament: E.g. r Cor 10:20; Jas 2:19; Jude 6; Rev 20:rcr-all of which speak of devils as personal beings. 5079 30.44 Pneuma: Tennemann VI 2 I 8 says that we cannot find in Plotinus and Porphyry any certain trace of the belief so much in evidence among the later neo-platonists of a spirit-body accompanying every soul although Porphyry mentions a certain "1rvevp.a, oder LuftKorper" to which the souls of the demons are tied; in VI 224 he wrote: Tr: The evil demons alter their forms and figures. The spirit (pneuma) is something corporeal, subject to pain and dissoluble; in so far as it is bound together by the soul, it can exist for a long time, without being immortal. It is reasonable to assume that there is continuous excretion from this body, and that 1t is nourished.

The passage was from Porphyry "On Abstinence from Animal Food", a work which appeared in Thomas Taylor's English translation of Porphyry Select Works (1823) 76-7.

5080]

NOTES

ev OVVD.:iw·ux • . . eKKal.ovJJ.evwv: "a church or a Unity of Brothers called out"; see 5082 and n. 5085 30.50 Corpus ecclesiasticum, or Ecclesiarum Unitas: "an ecclesiastical Body", or "a Unity of churches". Burnet's Preface, p. 10-z2, History of Ref Vol. II.: See 5082 and n; Burnet's exposition of . .. the Pastoral Charge begins on pix of the capital Preface preceding the quotation in 5082 . . . . The Pastoral Charge is now looked on by too many, rather as a device only for instructing People, to which they may submit as much as they think fit, than as a Care of Souls, as indeed it is: And it is not to be denied but the practice of not a few of us of the Clergy, has confirmed the People in this mistake, who consider our Function as a Method of living, by performing Divine Offices, and making Sermons, rather than as a watching over the Souls of the Flocks committed to us, visiting the Sick, reproving scandalous Persons, reconciling differences, and being strict at least in governing the Poor, whose necessities will oblige them to submit to any good Rules we shall set them for the better conduct of their L1ves. In these things does the Pastoral Care chiefly consist, and not only in the bare performing of Offices, or pronouncing Sermons, which every one almost may learn to do after some tolerable fashion.

Elizabeth's first step, according to Burnet, was in allowing a certain latitude in doctrinal opinions among her clergy; her error was in main-

NOTES

[5086

taining in her own hands "the Ancient Government of the Church" (xii), which led to factions fighting for their interests. f4 zv disruptio ab intra: "internal disruption" Kotvov tfievi5o.;: "common error". For Coleridge's interest in the distribution of powers among the royal, judicial, and legislative elements under the constitution, see e.g. CN III Index I under "Blackstone". Coleridge's last paragraph refers to the conclusion of Burnet's Preface (xv): . . . since that God who is the Author of it is merCiful, and full of Compassion, and ready to forgive; and this holy Religion which by his Grace is planted among us is still so dear to him, that if we by our own unworthiness do not render ourselves incapable of so great a Blessing, we may reasonably hope that he will continue that which at first was by so many happy concurring Providences brought in, and was by a continued Series of the same Indulgent care advanc'd by degrees, and at last raised to that Pitch of Perfection which few things attain in this World.

5086 J0.5I (Viridescent.): I.e. quoting or paraphrasing or addressing or answering J. H. Green. The entry may usefully be read in conjunction with 5464 below. Individual Life: On Coleridge's objection to this usage, see 4662. the Infusoria: See 4984 and n. Tatum in Singulo: "Whole in a Single One". Coleridge makes a favourite contrast-chemical Assimilation as opposed to a physical or mechanical accrescence. The last word is attributed by 0 ED in two senses to Coleridge, in SM and LR II 2 2o-2 r; see SM:LS (CC) 108, and a note on Hamlet I iv: ShC I 25. the Ocularity of certain Animalcula, asserted . . . by Adams: George Adams (d 1773) in his Micrographia lllustrata, or The Knowledge of the Microscope Explain'd (1746), includes "A Translation of Mr. Joblott's Observations on the Animalcula", in which there are references (I 19) to finding in "an infusion of Pinks" a "little white Worm" with "two black Eyes" Chap XXXIII § VIII. Also (I 20) ibid § X, "Of an Infusion of BlueBottles": "We have no Reason to doubt, but these minute Animalcules are furnished with Eyes, for two of the same Figure are often seen to approach each other without touching, and then turning with a prodigious Swiftness about their own Center." Adams occasionally mentioned in passing, animalcules that have neither head nor eyes (129), or only one eye (I 3 7), and appears to assume in general the ocularity of ani malculae, though he does not use the word. Neither is it in OED. other Microscopians: E.g. Antony van Leeuwenhoek, the father of microbiology, on whom Adams drew? Coleridge referred to his Microsco-

5086]

NOTES

pium in a note on Thomas Browne's Garden of Cyrus; CM

I

792.

T. Browne. Possibly]. H. Green raised the question asked in this first paragraph, he being particularly interested in optical surgery; see 4984n. Problema . . . pra:ripere: "A Problem difficult of solution, that the Infusoria should be ahead of the vegetables and Zoophytes in the possession of a power totally denied to them, that of locomotion." Adams mentioned both vegetable and animal infusoria. motiuncula:: "slight movements". !43 indiffence: Not in OED. A slip? Coleridge made it several times in MS, not, apparently, in print. in actu . . . conditiones: "in actuality, and a total in potentiality only, (i.e. a monad not essentially but accidentally and conditionally and therefore a monad only so long as the conditions last". Oken's Wimmel, Flimmel, his Mihila: See 48 13, 49 84 and nn; in his Zoologie: Naturgeschichte v 12-56 Oken discussed primitive life, "Samenthiere", "lnfusorien", "Schleimblaschen", under the general order of "Mile" with the following classes: lrdmde (earth mils) Wimmelwimmel, Rudelw•mmel, Flimmelw•mmel, FranseiWimmel. Wassermile (water mds). Wimmelrudel [etc] Luftmde (a1r mils): Wimmelflimmel [etc] Lichtmile (light mils): Wimmelfansel (etc]

Coleridge criticized these coinages in a lively note on a back flyleaf. Here he mocks Oken's !vfile as Milzila or Paulo Plusquam Nihila, "little more than Nothings". Au.seinander: Presumably here the separated, the separata; Coleridge liked to play with the adverb auseinander, "from one another", as in 4577,4887, and 5115. couthly: The OED says "rare" in some uses, "obsolete" in others, and calls it "a pseudo-archaism" for the opposite of "uncouthly". It gives a reference to such a use by \Villiam Taylor Mon Mag (r8r6). the idea of the Indifference of Space and Time: See below !44. f43..a: "holy and profane". Coleridge attempts to translate into Greek the "dean" and "unclean" of Gen 7 and Lev 1 I, but the words in the Septuagint are KaOapi:x. Kat JJ.i) Ka6apa or Ka6apa Kat aKa8apm and pairs &yta (holy) with {3&{3-r,-A.a (e.g. Lev ro:ro) for the distinction between "clean" and "not clean". at least tn Egypt: See 4 794 f3 4v on Moses' development of his creed while still in Egypt. the Narration: I.e. of the Flood story.

5117 29.236 Canon, De Causis non sine causa multip!icandis: "The rule about causes not being multiplied without cause". A variant of "Occam's razor"? Kant in KrV ( 1799) 680 quoted "Entia praeter necessitatem non esse multiplicanda", referring to it as a well-known scholastic maxim. 5118 29.237 After ON INSPIRED WRITINGS someone has pencilled in "(B 40/60)", possibly a transcriber's notation of some sort. Coleridge's most cogent and influential attack on literal "inspiration" and bibliolatry is to be found in CIS. See also 5334. the words of the Fathers . . . 3 first Centuries: The words are Lumen Spiritus Dei, "the Light of God's Spirit"; see 5228 and n. Greenough . . . ask him: On Coleridge's friend of 5 I I 9 29.23 8 Gi:ittingen days, see CN I N 3 Gen N, CN II 1864, l 886 and nn. Coleridge's proposed question to him appears to arise from a review article in QR (Apr 1823) XXIX 138-65 on William Buckland'sReliquiae

NOTES

[5119

Diluvianae; or Observations on the Organic Remains contained in Caves, Fissures, and Diluvial Gravel, and on other Geological Phenomena, attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge (1823). See above 5104 and n. The reviewer (I40) poured scorn on James Hutton (see CN 1 243 and n) for his theory of "an expansive force [heat] supposed to act from beneath and heave up the submarine strata already hardened by the central fire, again to be submerged in the ocean ... in endless succession". Was Coleridge going to ask Greenough whether this was unreasonable? The reviewer quoted Greenough as saying that to account for the subsiding and elevation of continents we must assume "Impetuosity of Motion in the Water", and also that an increased quantity of water would be superfluous. Yet Greenough accepted the Deluge story, suggesting that it may have been caused by a passing comet. Was Coleridge proposing Geysers or siphons under great pressure as more likely and equally biblical? It is not confirmed whether Coleridge had read Greenough's Critical Examination of the First Principles of Geology ( 1 8 I 9). under the Crust, called Land: For Coleridge's theory of the "dividing of the waters" (Gen I :6) see CN III 4418 fi o", 4551 and n. The QR reviewer also referred (140) to "the whole crust of the Globe". "breaking up the fountains of the Great Deep": Gen 7: I I; the question Coleridge asked is a fairly usual explanation of the reason for the flood, summarized in QR 14o-44 and linked chiefly with Hutton, Playfair, DeLuc, and Cuvier. fi o8" dilwvial Gravel . . . the last and perhaps irregular Precipitate: A reference to the Neptunian notions of Abraham Werner, who believed that all the rocks on the surface of the earth, such as granite, basalt, sediments, and gravels, had separated out of the flood in orderly succession. QR I 50 summarizes Buckland's theory that the diluvial gravel was the final deposit. Werner was attacked by Hutton, who correctly distinguished igneous and sedimentary rocks. The debate between the Neptunian and Plutonian views was very much alive at this time. the Rain-bow: (Gen 9:12-rJ) was referred to in the QR article (154) as evidence of a change in atmosphere after the Deluge. If Hydrogen and Nitrogen ... the same Metal: The potential interconvertibility of nitrogen and hydrogen is intelligible on Coleridge's terms of powers and Stoff (see e.g. 45 55) and also from the work of Davy and Berzelius; see e.g. Davy as cited in Levere Affinity and Matter 26. Coleridge was speculating that if hydrogen and nitrogen are both compounds of a metallic base with oxygen then the atmosphere (nitrogen + oxygen) may be viewed as containing water (hydrogen + oxygen). our philosophizing Noachists: E.g. Greenough. Coleridge suggests a

5120]

NOTES

way of disposing of the waters of the Flood by a conversion of H [ + 0] into N [ + 0] in the atmosphere, the preliminary passage of water into the atmosphere creating the first rainbow. Fancies that pretend to be no better than Fancies: See also 4 7 65 above.

5120 29-239

For Coleridge on Unitarians and Unitarianism see

4857. A young man of from 3 to 5 + 20: DC was born in r8oo; on Coleridge's despair at this time [c. r824] of finding him of a reflective mind see 5 113 and n. the ornithorhynchus, or duck-billed platypus, was the subject of an article, "Some particulars respecting the Ornithorhynchus Paradoxus" by H. Scott in QJSLA (LXVII r 824) 247-50; Phil Mag Qan-Jun I 823) LXI 8-9 also had this article, crediting it to Phil Trans (1822). As Phil Mag ran in the same number other articles to which Coleridge appears to make reference, including one on Bichat, it may be the most likely source; see 4825, 5168, 5189 and nn. Des Cartes' Meditations . . . : Meditationes de prima philosophia, in quibus Dei existentia, & animae humanae a corpore distinctto demonstratur; his adjunctae sunt vm·iae objectiones doctorum virorum in istas de Deo & anima demons/rationes; cum responsionibus auctoris (4th ed Amsterdam 1678) was listed in Green SC; but see CN III 4259 and n. Tennemann x 267-82 summarized the objections and identified the writers. Des Cartes' De Methodo: See CN III 4259 and n. my "Elements of Discourse": I.e. the Logic (CC). 7Tepi apxwv: "about first principles". froB Bacon's Novum Organum: See CN II 3174 and n. Articles in Brucker's Hist. Phil . . . . Aristotle: ]. J. Brucker Historia critica philosophiae (2nd ed 6 vols Leipzig q66-7) I 62 7-728, 776-98 r; also in the English translation and abridgment by William Enfield (1819) 206-42, 259-98, 315-36; see "Prospectus" Phil Lects (!949) 67. four first Volumes, (octavo) of Tennemann: I.e. from the pre-Socratics to Philo of Larissa and Antioch us of Ascalon (sceptics of the first century BC) most of Vol III, 330 pages, being on Aristotle. 7Tpo7TatoeVTLKov: "prediscipline", as in 5123 below and elsewhere. Plato Republic 53 6 D.

5121 29.240

5122 29.241 The entry represents one of Coleridge's many attempts to set forth and defend his sytem, in this case in the form of

NOTES

[5123

meeting an objection by a supposed antagonist, accusing him of quibbling in positing a self-caused God (the infinite) who then caused Nature (the finite), rather than admitting it to be just as logical that Nature is selfcaused. Many other statements of Coleridge's system help to elucidate this one; see e.g. CN III 4449, 4450, and in this volume 4554, 4645, 4775, 4776, 4853, 5248 and nn. undisguised Contradiction, or avowed Circle in Argument: I.e. that it is just as illogical to posit God as the infinite cause of the finite as to posit Nature itself as the cause of its own infinite series of finites; in other words, that he is guilty of the illogicallity of which he accused pantheists. For what will not come out of Plus must come out of Minus: I.e. the series of finites may be negat~ves from zero to infinity or positive from zero to infinity. incomprehensible~- . . . : See CN III 4319 for Coleridge's use of this symbol to represent this identity of the finite with the infinite. Contradiction and the Circle were of Nature's putting ... : I.e. what if this seeming contradiction were the result of Nature's being what it isthis infinite phenomenalizing of finite forms; but this is only the lower dynamic, so my + o (disparity of infinite from finite) is not equal to + o - (identity of infinite and finite). Your Causa sui is just as bad: I.e. your positing God as the infinite Cause of himself (a.nd Nature) is a tautology. say with Gassendi, Qua propter qui . . . : In Gassendi § 3 of Objection 5 to Descartes' Meditations; Coleridge could have seen it in Gassendi Opera (1658) III 523 (see the next note) or in the Appendix (p 20) to Descartes Meditationes (see the previous note and CN III 4259): "Wherefore ... he who says that a thing is infinite attributes to a thing which he does not comprehend a name which he does not understand." Tr E. S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross The Philosophical Works of Descartes (2 vols Cambridge I93I, 34) II rs8. 5123 29.242 first year of the compleated DEVOLUTION: Was the Devolution domestid If Feb. I I was the anniversary of some change, it has not been discovered. Mrs Coleridge and Sara had stayed with Coleridge and the Gillmans in Highgate for most of Jan I 823 and then with JTC in London. Two days after this entry Coleridge wrote to Mrs C in Keswick, a letter franked I 4 Feb I 8 24, to send him his Gassendi volumes ( CL v 328) and to ask Sara to see "whether the Syntagma Philosophicum is the name of the work in the Gassendi Volumes that I have". Neither Gillman nor Green, to judge from their sale catalogues, had Gassendi's works.

5123)

NOTES

Vols r and II of both the Lyons I 6 58 and the Florence I 7 2 7 editions to which Coleridge refers, contain the Syntagma and are prefaced by a life and a eulogy by Samuel Sorbiere. When in the last paragraph of the entry Coleridge refers to Sorbieres Edition of Lyons 1652 (j1o6) he must have meant Opera omnia ed H. L. Habert de Montmor and F. Henri (6 vols Lyons I658); the second edition, ed N. Averani, was in 6 vols Florence I 7 2 7. jio?< my phosphorous mark: The episode described in the footnote is lost in obscurity, "Judge not, lest--" (Matt ]:I). The Book Room many years ago must have been in Greta Hall; it was c Feb I 824 that his Book Room was arranged and he moved up to it on the top floor of No 3 The Grove; see below 5147 and n. Cumberland's unnatural Assault on Socrates: Richard Cumberland (see CN II 3131 [I], where a German distich is applied to him). In CN II 3 13 In it is pointed out that Coleridge borrowed from the Bristol Library in May-June I 796 Vols I and v of Cumberland's The Observer: Being a Collection of Moral, Literary and Familiar Essays ( 1786-90). The unnatural Assault on Socrates in No ]6, 77 in Vol III ( I48-9, I s8-6j), and again in Vol v, No qo (r5o-3) was on Socrates' private life, not on his doctrines; Cumberland accused him of grossness and immoral sexual display, of crude relations with whores and young men, of drunkenness and debauchery publicly with his pupils, contending that his sole motive for collecting these unsavoury anecdotes was to defend Aristophanes in his attack on Socrates by showing that many contemporaries had worse tales to tell of him. See 5318 and n. Spinoza: One of Coleridge's best statements on Spinoza's character is in Lect IJ P Lects (CC) jf627-629, another in BM Egerton MS 2801 ff r 1-14: "Thoughts on Spinoza in the form of a Dialogue" (WM r 8 rJ) appearing in SWF. fi o 7 Locke's . . . general triangles . . . see Berkley, H ume: John Locke in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Bk rv Chap 7 § 9 used as an example of a general idea and the difficulty of arriving at it "the general idea of a triangle", arguing that "general ideas are fictions and contrivances of the mind" and "not the principles from which we deduce all other truth". A. C. Fraser ed (Oxford 1894) 274-5. The point is discussed by Henry Lee in his Anti-Sceptzcism, or Notes upon each Chapter of Mr. Lock's Essay concerning Humane Understanding (1702) 274; Coleridge's copy of which is in VCL. George Berkeley in his Introduction to his Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge caricatured Locke's example, and although

NOTES

[5123

admitting general ideas, denied the existence of abstract general ideas, or that they are necessary either to knowledge or communication. Works ed Luce and Jessop (I948-53) II 33· Hume in A Treatise of Human Nature Pt I Bk I § 7 also ridiculed Locke's idea of an abstract triangle as "absurd in fact and reality" and therefore also "absurd in idea". Selby-Bigge ed (Oxford I 88 8) r 9 foil. Gassendi: In Lect 12 P Lects (CC)f542 (15 March r8r9) Coleridge put Gassendi in bad company, i.e. in the line of atomists from Democritus to Epicurus to Hobbes. Here he still puts him in the same bad company but has recognized Gassendi's sincerity and his theistic departures from Epicureanism. See also 4 715, 512 5 and nn. adapting and purifying the Epicurean Scheme: Cf the Liber proemialis to the Syntagma: Opera omnia (1658) I 29, JO: I name no sect here, because I honour all, and follow now th1s, now that, if one seems to have some greater probability than the others. That alone is Orthodox which I received from our forebears, the Catholic, Apostolic, Roman Religion to which alone I adhere: and for the rest I steadfastly place Reason before Authonty . . . . It may seem that Epicurus IS favoured, before the others, because when I tackled the task of purifying his ethics I seemed to grasp the possibility of explaining many more difficulties much more neatly from his position in physics as regards void and atoms, and from his position in ethics as regards pleasure than from the positions of other philosophers; but I do not on that account approve of all his placita, even of those that do not concern religion.

the four Systems: I.e. Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, and Epicurean, as in 5080, with which and others Gassendi deals in his historical passages, sometimes showing an inclination to the Sceptics. fz o 7 There will remain of Locke's whole philosophic plumage . . . : Echoing a phrase of Josiah Wedgwood on receiving Coleridge's long letters in I 8or attacking Locke (CL II Letters Nos 38 r-4): "He seems to have plucked the principal feathers out of Locke's wings". (CL II 677n). See also C 17th C 67-109 esp for R. F. Brinkley's useful references. Spinoza's . . . Principia Cartesiana more geometrico demonstrata: As Coleridge says, Spinoza's first published work. In Op Max (MS) II ff 28v Coleridge refers to it as demonstrating Spinoza's anticipation of Locke. Gassendi Exercitationes Paradoxicce . . . Syntagma Philosophice [philosophicum}: Of the first, Bk I was first published in r624, Bk I and parts of Bk II in Opera omnia (1658) III 95-210. Bk I is an attack on the scholastic subservience to Aristotle, Bk II an attack on Aristotelian or

r,

5123]

NOTES

"artificial" logic. Syntagma philosophicum was written during the last twenty years of Gassendi's life and first published posthumously in Opera omma (1658) I and II. he openly and earnestly retracted . . . : Gassendi in the whole of the logical part of the Syntagma stressed the importance of logic, but in particular in Liber proemialis: Opera omnia I 29 he quoted Aristotle on the absurdity of looking for knowledge and the means of acquiring it at the same time, and pointed out that Plato's 7Tp07rm8eia (Republic 536 D) demanded both mathematics and analysis in which lies the strength of logic. Gassendi summarized Aristotle's contributions to logic in I 44-9. j1 o6'' 7Tpo1Tat8elfTtKov: See 5121 above. Commentators on Daniel and the Apocalypse have been . . . Mathematicians: Like Newton, or William Hales (1747-18Jr). For Coleridge's rejection of mathematical interpretations of the prophecies in these books, see e.g., 4615, 4912, 5287, 5329 and nn. Dr Waring's mathematico-theological work: Edward Waring, M.D., Professor of Mathematics in Cambridge, one of the leading mathematicians of his day, wrote "An Essay on the Principles of Human Knowledge" (privately printed Cambridge 1794) and might be said to have applied unsuitably mathematical principles of reasoning and evidence to e.g. the Eucharist (98) and prophecy (88-92). latter and larger portion: I.e. lnstitutto logica: Opera omnia I 9 I-I 24. Ana~ytics & Topics of Aristotle: The former deals with what Gassendi calls bene collzgere, i.e. the syllogism (I w6-20 ), the latter with Gassendi's bene proponere, the proposition (1 99-w6). On 24 Feb I 824 Coleridge wrote to G. Skinner of a "recent perusal of Aristotle's Analytics & Topics with a superficial looking thro' his Metaphysics . . . " CL v 341. Gassendi's Definitron of Logic: Coleridge summarizes neatly Gassendi's distinction between logic and ethics (Opera omnia I 3 I), logic "to guide the intellect to follow the truth, the other to guide the will to follow the good". Logic, he says, "that art of the intellect ... is not itself occupied with things in which it seeks the truth, for that is the nature of physics, or natural science, but its function is to lay down rules by which the intellect may be guided in its study of the natural world. Although and because the rules of this kind are general they are able to serve the intellect not only for the knowledge of nature but for every cognitive process whatever". Logic . . . pure ( abjuncta a rebus), "divorced from things"; Logic . . . applied (conjunct a cum rebus), "connected with things". The distinction was attributed by Gassendi to the Greek commentators on Aristotle. Syntagma: Opera omnia I 67.

NOTES

[5124

fr o6 tabula rasa: Gassendi states this hypothesis in lnstitutio logica: Opera omnia I 92 and improved on it in Syntagma: Opera omnia n 406. Cf

CL n 68o. the two first Books . . . of Syntagma Philosophicum: The Latin phrases, which Coleridge translated, are given by Gassendi in the "Caput proemiale" to the Logic Opera omnia I 33-4, in Bk II De fine logicae Chap VI (I 87) and in the preface to lnstitutio logica (I 91) where he said likewise that logic can be divided into four sections, the titles of which Coleridge gives below, the titles of the four parts of the lnstitutio logica. Coleridge's r652 is a slip for r6s8. bene imaginari (right apperception): Coleridge's translating of imaginatio as apperception (Leibnitz's word) is not without Kantian overtones. Gassendi defines bene imaginari as the prior conceiving of a legitimate and true image of a thing, and having that image available whenever we think of a thing. Gassendi calls this simple imagination, because we form an image of the thing without making any statement about it. (Other words for imaginatio, he says he might equally well have used, are idea, species, notio, praenotio, anticipatio, phantasma). lmaginatio (used e.g. by Augustine) has had an ambiguous meaning ever since. Hence Coleridge's desynonymizing in Chap XIII BL, into primary (Gassendi's "simple") and secondary was necessary and natural. bene proponere . . . Urtheilen: As Coleridge translated it into both German and English. Gassendi defines it as to pronounce truly and legitimately about a thing, what it is and what it is not. The Latin has for Coleridge insufficient force to convey the aspect of the German Ur, "original/primal", and Theile, "parts", not only first in time but basic. See Ur-Theile in CN III 4228 and n, and Logic (CC) 78-9. bene colligere: Gassendi defines as making a legitimate and true inference from a proposition. bene ordinari: Gassendi defines as the disposition of the material in a legitimate and suitable order whenever it is expedient to "imagine" "propose" and "collect" several images, propositions, and syllogisms relating to one subject.

5124 29.243 The argument adduced by Barrow is in Sermon VIII "The Being of God Proved from Universal Consent" in Twenty-six Sermons on the Creed: Isaac Barrow Theological Works (6 vols 1818) IV 184-5· The argument (to be short) IS that (as Lactantius speaks) universal and unanimous testimony of people and nations through all course of time, who (otherwise differing in language, custom, and conceit) only have agreed in this one matter of opinion.

5125]

NOTES

5125 29.24-4the System introduced by Gassendi: I.e. as above m 5123 jioi''· Ficta-Rationalia: "fictitious or pseudo-Rationals". Enthusiasm and Mysticism: Cf Coleridge's discussion in 4-931 and n. (This to be re-composed): For the Logic or the Opus Maximum or the "Assertion of Religion" 4-74-4-, 5210nn, works never completed. 5126 29.24-5 The two Extremes . .. :See e.g. CN I 1725; also 4-94-9 above and 4-93 I below. fros Cicero's Letters: A good example of self-validating documents, considered the most reliable source of information on his times. The Fathers . . . who speak loudest of Tradition: Coleridge may have been alluding here to wide reading on this subject--e.g. Daniel Waterland "The Use and Value of Ecclesiastical Antiquity": The Importance of the Doctrine of the Holy Trinity Asserted (I734-) 376-83, who pointed out the stress laid by Tertullian and Irenaeus on tradition in their dealing with heretics; or perhaps more likely Jeremy Taylor "Of the Sufficiency of the Holy Scriptures to Salvation" and "Of Traditions": Polemical Discourses (1674-). See below 514-0 and n. At 410-36 Taylor cited Tertullian, Irenaeus, and Augustine as declaring that the doctrines essential to salvation are plain in Scripture but that the specific implementations of them are "universal traditions". In his "Liberty of Prophesying-Of the Insufficiency and Uncertainty of Tradition to Expound Scripture, or Determine Questions" (ibid 976-84) Taylor elaborated the same point, with illustrations from Justin Martyr, Cyprian, Irenaeus, Clemens of Alexandria, and Augustine. Coleridge's specific reading in the Fathers is uncertain; cf 5228 and n. &o{a: "opinion". Marcionites: See CN III 3968 and 4-626. The Marcionites rejected the OT, accepted only Marcion's gospel and the Pauline epistles of the NT. Prince of the Air: See above 5 07 6n. J104'" against aft Tradition the Cup was taken from the Laity . . . :Jeremy Taylor in the Preface to Pt 1 § vi of "A Dissuasive from Popery": Polemical Discourses (1674) 302-3, described the taking away of the cup from the laity as "Half-communion" (i.e. bread, but not wine) and as having no basis in either Scripture or tradition; ibid § xiii (339): "they take one half of the principal away from the Laity, and they institute little sacraments of their own". See also Pt 11 Bk I § viii. Purgatory proved by Visions &c: Richard Field Of the Church ( 1 635) 336-7 wrote of visions of purgatory reported by Bede and later writers; and Jeremy Taylor "Of Purgatory": Polemical Discourses 509-10 de-

NOTES

[5129

scribed strange stories told in the time of Augustine by persons reportedly returning after death and describing Purgatory. fro4 protestants (chiefly Oxford Doctors & Laudites) . . . admit . . . use of Tradition: See 5202 and n below. S' John . .. the VI Chapter: John 6:48-58; see 4626 above and 5161 below. universal practice to the contrary, including S' John's own Churches: John was traditionally the bp of Ephesus; Daniel Waterland Review of the Doctrine of the Eucharist ( I7 3 7) 2 r 4-46 considered the evidence that the Eucharist was universal in the Christian churches, including Ephesus, and was believed in as more than a mere commemoration; see 5161 below. Presbyterian & Episcopalian Controvers_y: See again 5202 and n below.

512 7 29.246 The last phrase, "Gold the essence", was added in pencil; cf above 49 8 8/4 3. Was the dialogue to be with Berkeley, or after his style? In The Principles of Human Know/edge: Works ed Luce and Jessop II 7 5, 2 56, Berkeley referred to the scholastic term, quidditas. Or was the dialogue to be between the thin twisted roll of tobacco (that Lamb probably carried in his pocket) and the Guineas there? But there may have been intentions for the Logic. " . . . a thing in all languages is that which is contained in the answer to the quale and the quantum. And it is to the perception of the contradiction implied in the extension of the enquiry beyond the qua!e and the quantum that has occasioned the third interrogative term, quid, under the name 'quiddity' to mean anything at once subtle and senseless": Logic (CC) I r 5. Some pages later Coleridge referred to gold. "Gold is a yellow metal . . . my knowledge of the predicate 'a yellow metal' pre-existed and was contained in my knowledge of the subject gold". Ibid 179. 5 12 8 2 9. 24 7 all the demonstrative proofs of a God either prove too little . . . or too much: See 4 785, 5114, 5124, and 5 129 and nn. fro 3 a grain of sand sufficing and a Universe at hand to echo the decision: Cf Blake's "Auguries of Innocence", line r.

5129 29.248 Ex. magnet: See a similar use of this example in 4940 ffroov-IOI and n. the confusion, into which Kant himself has fallen . . . Limit by Negation . . . Limit by Position: Coleridge possibly had several passages from Kant in mind here. In the KrV II iii § 2 Kant asserted that negations signify

5130]

NOTES

a mere want, that all true negations are nothing but limitations of a total reality. He discussed the application of this concept to the reality of the primordial being. He also made a distinction between logical negation, (i.e. not a concept but its relation to another concept), and transcendental negation (i.e. not-being in and of itself). In the Appendix to the Transcendental Analytic he introduced the notion of "transcendental location", as distinct from logical location or the categories of the understanding, referring to the place which belongs to a concept in relation to the cognitive faculty employed, and argued that Leibnitz's main error was to ignore the "transcendental location" of concepts and to fail to perceive the position of concepts in intuition. In his "Beschluss von der Grenzbestimmung der reinen Vernunft" in Prolegomena zu einer }eden kiinftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten kiinnen (Riga q83) Kant pointed out that in the sciences, which deal with phenomena, human reason recognizes limits but not bounds, while in conceiving of God, the mind recognizes bounds but not limits. For Coleridge's reading of this work see Logic (CC) r6r-2 and nn et seq. He objected to Kant's introduction of negative quantities into metaphysical inquiries as employed by mathematicians, in the essay "Versuch, den Begriff der negativen Grossen in die Weltweisheit einzufiihren": Kant VS I 6r r-76. This essay was not annotated by Coleridge in his copy (BM C 126.e. 7), but see Chap XIII BL ( CC) I 298-9. There are notes on other essays, and on the end-papers. For Coleridge himself on negative quantities, see Logic (CC) 179, 257. a non po.ssibile, non: I.e. the argument that from the impossibility of a thing its non-existence can be deduced. essential posteriority of Reason: I.e. in the sense of basic Ideas that lie behind their phenomenalizations into forms. f1 o 2 causa sufficiens: "sufficing cause". Cum sit Circulus . . . tantarum Proprietatum: "Since it is a circle, it possesses, by its own necessity, so many and such Properties."

5130 29.249

The last two paragraphs are in AP 26r-2. The date 20 Feb 1824 was inserted at the top of the page lfroi"), an afterthought, possibly because another date, 2 3 March 18 2 2 was already there; see 4878 and n. The ink of the r824 date looks the same as in this entry, to which it apparently belongs. Aristotle can ghJe no definition of Philosophy, {as) distinguish'd from Science: Tennemann III 42 makes explicitly this point about the character of Aristotle's thought (quoting Aristotle's Physics II c. 3 [194 b.16] in a footnote), but Coleridge took his Greek phrases here from the Aristotle passage and translated or paraphrased them. The passage from the Physics reads:

NOTES

[5132

Knowledge is the object of our enquiry, and men do not think that they know a thing till they have grasped the "why" [ro I'>U. ri] of 1t which is to grasp 1ts primary cause [ rijv rrptin-r}v cwriav] ".

Tr R. P. Hardie and R. K. Gaye: The Whole Works of Aristotle. Tr under the editorship of W. D. Ross (Oxford 1929- ). With Plato . . . IDEAS ... essential (or constitutive): Cf SM App E: "Whether Ideas are regulative only, according to Aristotle and Kant; or likewise CONSTITUTIVE, and one with the power and Life of Nature, according to Plato, and Plotinus ... is the highest problem of Philosophy, and not part of its nomenclature". SM:LS (CC) I I4. Tenneman's so times repeated Assertion, that Plato attributed only a regulative function to the Ideas: In a marginal note on his copy ofTennemann (III 26) Coleridge complained against Tennemann's interpretation of Plato's Ideas: "Here the sturdy Kantean comes in play. That Aristotle did not, and as a mere tho' most eminent Philologist, could not behold the Ideas of the divine Philosopher, is most true; but that he should so grossly misunderstand his words as to have persisted in taking as constitutive what Plato had taught as only regulative-this is less than impossible. Would not the other Scholars of Plato have exclaimed against such a perversion?" Coleridge frequently charges Tennemann with not understanding what an Idea is. The first man of Science: See the next two entries and nn. Knowing and Being: Cf above 4 713 and n. Parallels for the statement here are legion in Coleridge's work, the warp and woof of his thinking; see a collection of pertinent ones in SM:LS (CC) 78 and n. I am in that I am: See above 4523, 4671,4784 and nn. 513 I 29.251 Used var in AR 228, the three paragraphs are based on Aristotle Metaphysics 982 b, Plato Theaetetus I 55 D. Cf also The Friend (CC) I 519 and n: "In wonder (rep IJavp.O:~uv) says Aristotle, does philosophy begin: and in astoundment (rep 13ap.f3s"iv) says Plato, does all true philosophy finish". See 5132 and n. 5132 29.252 Coleridge is translating Tennemann III 44, which gives the passage from Aristotle's Metaphysics I 2 (982 b) and the reference to Plato's Theaetetus p 76 ( r 55 D), together as here. The Aristotle passage as quoted in Tennemann's footnote reads: "It is through wonder that men now begin and originally began to philosophize ... Therefore if it was to escape ignorance that men studied philosophy, it is obvious that they pursued science for the sake of knowledge and not for the sake

5133]

NOTES

of any practical utility". Aristotle Metaph_ysics tr Hugh Tredennick (LCL I933)· Philology or Philepistasy: The first here means "love of learning"; the second, not in OED, is Coleridge's coinage for "Jove of science"; cf 5080 and n. nor the Love of Wisdom, for not the Love of W1sdom? Nothwendig ist aber nur das Allgemeine: "But only 5133 29.253 the Universal IS necessary", as Coleridge quotes and translates from Tennemann III 45. cf>avepov apa . . . 1Tpo:.yJJ-acn: Tennemann then quoted Aristotle Posterior Analytics I 4 [he gives it as I.e. 2 c.4.]. Although Coleridge picked out only the last sentence of Tennemann's quotation, it seems clarifying to give the whole extract: Smce the object of scientific knowledge in the absolute sense cannot be other than it IS, the notiOn reached by demonstrative knowledge will be necessarily true. Now knowledge JS demonstrative when we possess it in virtue of hav1ng a demonstration; therefore the premisses from which demonstratiOn is inferred are necessarily true . . . . By a universal attnbute I mean one which belongs as "predicated of all" to its subject, and belongs to that subject pe1· se and qua itself. Thus it is evident that all universal attributes belong to their subjects of necessity.

Aristotle Posterior Analytics 73 a 20, 73 b, tr H. Tredennick (LCL I960). i.e. it is evident then . . . : Coleridge's misinterpretation was fostered by his long-standing error 10 thinking that the invariable adverbial phrase KaB' 8;>-.ov or KafJo>.ov ("universally") was a regularly inflected adjective. Cf e.g. his annotation on Beaumont and Fletcher: CM I (Copy A) I 432. merely a logical position, a canon of diswrsive Thinking: The distinction between the discursive and the intuitive thought (God, for instance) is common enough and recurrent in Coleridge, but the context of this entry is a reminder that Kant makes it in the introduction to his Logik (Konigsberg I 8oo) 45, where he says that all knowledge is either by Anschauungen or Begriffe. See 4923 and n. to begm indeed with the definition: From here to the end of the paragraph Coleridge is quoting (in translation) and expanding Tennemann III 44: "Demonstration ist ein Schluss aus wahren Pramissen, die nichts anderes voraussetzen". Tennemann was translating Aristotle Posterior Analytics I 2 (71 b 20) and quoted it in fn 6. (Coleridge gives the Greek below in fiOo).

NOTES

[5133

ex hypothesi, or a concessis, or a monstratis: "from an hypothesis", or "from conceded premisses," or "from premisses shown [by the evidence of the senses] to be true". Cf Logic (CC) 200, 202 where Coleridge makes this distinction between monstratio "a showing from nothing" and demonstratio as "apodictic". fiOo" the term, universal: Was Coleridge here influenced by Occam? See below !99"· Cf The Friend (CC) I I 56, where the Universal is said to be apprehended by the Reason, formal logic by the Understanding. fi oo Kat yap maBavercn . . . : Tennemann III 4-6 fn I 2 quoted Aristotle Posterior Analytics II I 9 " ... because, although it is the particular that we perceive, the act of perception involves the universal . . . " tr (roo a I 5) as above. apxoa: "beginnings", "principles", "elements", "rules (in the sense of governments), rulers". Coleridge in a marginal note on Tennemann III 45 criticises a similar equivocation in Tennemann's use of Principien. Aristotle himself at the beginning of Metaphysics v gave seven meanings of apxat. avayKTI yap Kat TT/v arrol5etKTLKT/V . . . (]1)fLTrepaufLaroc;: Tennemann III 4-5 (fn 6, continued from 4-4-) quoting Posterior Analytics I 2; "for" (yap) was added by Coleridge: "[For] demonstrative knowledge must proceed from premisses which are true, primary, immediate, [Coleridge interposed: sometimes only Admitted Facts] better known than, prior to, and causative of the conclusion." Tr ibid (7 I b 20) . .aw me; IJ-I::P apxar; . . . rrapal5ovvm: Tennemann I 4-6 fn, giving the reference Analyt. prior 1 c JO, and again on I 53, "Hence to convey to us the principles connected with each particular science is the task of experience". Tr Hugh Tredennick: Aristotle The Organon I 4-6 a I 5 (LCL I9J8). mistaken Dogma, that Experience is the source of all Knowlege: Similar to Tennemann III 4-7-8. Veritas eterna: "eternal verity". f99v In my Elements of Discourse . . . : None of these topics is dealt with in the Logic (CC). rilr; rrporratl5etac;: "of preparatory instruction"-see above 512 I, 5123; T ennemann used the words Propiideutik and propadeutisch (III 3 3 , 40). and yet no where has Aristotle given a distinct . . . explanation: Agreeing with Tennemann III 47-8. Def rea/is }f verba/is: "a real as opposed to a verbal definition". Aristotle's Passion of detracting from his great Master . . . : In a long fly-leaf note Coleridge attacked Tennemann at this point (III 26-8). While agreeing that "Plato saw early in Aristotle's mind an unfitness for

5133]

NOTES

certain more spiritual parts of his system", Coleridge said Tennemann "unjustly charges the Stagynte with misrepresentation [e.g. III 27-8], or rather with a direct falsification of Plato's Doctrine". Coleridge reminded himself to refer to this marginal note in his notes for Lect 5 P Lects (CC), and the debate with Tennemann underlies fJI88-I94· Apparently he revised his views somewhat between I 8 I 9 and I 8 24 {if this entry is correctly dated). It may or may not be significant that the only dates written in the Tennemann marginalia are 1822, 14 Feb 1824, and 8 Oct 1827, on Vols II, vn, and VIII, respectively. /99 Innate Ideas . . . Locke: An old whipping-boy of Coleridge's in various places. See e.g. the attack on Locke and Hume in Lect I3 P Lects (CC) Jf6o7-628. hence the Realism of the Schools: Noticed in Lect 9 P Lects (CC).ff379424 and nn 39, 40 where long notes on Duns Scotus and Occam are quoted, mainly from the Tennemann marginalia. See also CN III 3628. nihil in intellectu . . . : "nothing in the mind which was not previously in the sense", the scholastic rendering of Aristotle's position as discussed in this entry. In Chap IX BL (CC) I 141 the words are used with the often-quoted addition by Leibnitz, "praeter ipsum intellectum--except the mind itself''. See also SA1:LS (CC) 67 and n. Saito Mortale: "somersault". Catholon: for Catholicon? "Universal"; cfjior n above. f98··· !Japm Ken acp!Japm: "perishables and imperishables". the fiction of Species (vide Occam): As discussed by Tennemann VIII ii 84o-90; see 5088. Quoting liberally from In primum /ibrum senten!tarum, Tennemann describes Occam's fifteen questions, the final one arguing that every universal is unique, individual, a species, but that also "universals have no real existence either in or outside the soul as subject (esse subjectivum), but a reality in the soul as object (esse objectivum), namely as a 'Gebilde' (fictum) in the soul". Ibid 859. the Schoolmen before D[unsj Scotus: I.e. before c 1274-1308; of these Coleridge's favourites were Scotus Erigena and Thomas Aquinas. T1J~ OVew: (/99') and other references there. /96' Aristotle's a philosophy . . . E contra, Plato: The entry at this point throws some fresh light on Coleridge's use of Goethe's famous comparison; cf Lect 5 P Lects (CC)Jf194-222, also Lect 2 n 58. PTJJJ.arwv CTVvmgt.,: "arrangement of words"; cf 4 77 1, 5148 and nn, and the reference there to the Logic (CC) 23, r63-4, 254· the Mind as a Kaleidoscope rather than as a Filter: Coleridge's meaning here is clarified somewhat by his use of the metaphor in a fly-leaf note on Tennemann III: "One consequence of Aristotle's Filter vice Kaleidoscope System is to be seen in his definitions of Nature, which he every where poorly takes as the Antithesis to Art, i.e. human Art". "Dr Brewster's Patent Kaleidoscope" was the subject of an article in Annals of Philosophy XI (I 8 I 8) 45 r-2, where his originality was defended. The new invention (enjoyed in the Wordsworth circles-SH Letters 140, 142, 144) provided Coleridge with several illustrations; see Logic (CC) 134 and n.

5134 29.254 Mr Abercromby's motion on the State of the Representation of Edinburgh, 26 Feb 1824, began with a re-reading of a petition presented to the House "last year", signed by some seven thousand persons; it demanded "an Inquiry into the state of the Representation of Edinburgh". His speech took nine and a half columns of Hansard, Mr Wortley's reply for the Opposition six columns: Hansard X (FebMar 1824) cols 455-86. It is not certainly known which newspaper report Coleridge was reading on 28 Feb I 824; the Courier account was too brief (27 Feb), theM Chron and The Times gave fuller accounts on which his remarks-if not all his conclusions-could be based. In arguing for the Ref[orm} in its Repr[esentation}, Abercromby enlarged on the high level of intelligence of the people of Edinburgh who had no direct representation in Westminster or even in their own town council in Edinburgh-a self-perpetuating body, nominally of thirty-three persons but actually of nineteen. Abercrombie's speech was weakish in its undue length and undue detail, especially as he had these formidable facts to support his case; as Coleridge noted, he did not always direct himself to the basic question of true representation. James Abercromby (1776-r858) was M.P. for Caine later; until I 83 2 Edinburgh had no direct elections for M.P.'s at Westminster. Then to the first reformed Parliament Abercromby and Francis were elected. Mr Wortley Oames Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, rn8r845, a Yorkshire M.P. at this time) was an opponent of reform in

NOTES

[5134

search of a compromise, a supporter of Canning. Canning did not speak in this debate of 26 Feb 1824, but Mr Wortley's arguments from expediency followed Canning's well-known line, e.g. in the spring of I 822 when he spoke against Lord John Russell's motion for reform (and see 4700 and n). Wortley argued, "If Edinburgh was not properly supplied with electors, having only thirty-three, what must be the state of Glasgow, which has not a quarter of those votes? Why should they stop at the representation of Scotland?" He went on to cite London and Westminster as returning representatives "to the exclusion of a large majority of those who reside within the two cities". Instead of deducing that the only trouble with James Abercromby's motion was that it did not go far enough, the consequent for Stuart Wortley was that the evil of reform might spread from it. consequentness: The OED describes as "obs. rare". Old Sarums: Old Sarum was originally an iron-age hill fort, later in the thirteenth century a town, which became depopulated with the growth of the New Sarum, Salisbury. Old Sarum was the most notorious of many "rotten boroughs". ov eve1w> ilwaiJ-tKov . . . : "The other = dynamic light, Nature evolving from within, evoking from without, and exhibiting herself in every way". 4- To w;mHov . . . Massce: "The beyond other = dynamic darkness, the Power of Mass, Gravity, Nature inhibiting herself". 5. Lumen Forma et Phcenomenon rov &Hov . . . : "Light (Lumen), the Form and Phenomenon of the other". . . : "phenomenal lightf"light manifested".

NOTES

[5292

6. Umbra, forma et phamomenon Tov JLeniUov: "Shadow, form and phenomenon of the beyond other". Line ri,p. 28: l.e.ji6"ofthisentry. Red : Black : : objective intensity : subjective intensity: As Hamlet's father's ghost on the ramparts is to the ghost in his mind's eye? See above 4605 144· exponent: More and more in use with Coleridge; see above 5280 and n. frt" introitive: See CN III 4186, 4272 and n. Vis massa: . . . Vis tucifica: "The Force of Mass (Gravity)" as opposed to "Light-making Force".

5291 F".44

j18 the elder Phytologists: On phytology see above 5254 and n. To which specific early botanists Coleridge refers here is not clear, but in general to those who first recognized the sexual reproduction of plants. In Friend I 466 he attributed this perception to "Linnaeus . . . Bartholinus and others", possibly to none earlier than q88 when in Phil Trans LXXVIII (Pt I I s8-6 5) an article by James Edward Smith "Some Observations on the Irritability of Vegetables" referred to "stamina" and "germen". See also 4634, 5266 and nn on mushrooms. fr8 altering . . . Veretrum & Vulva into Stamina and Germena: "Penis and Vulva" into "Stamens and Germ". Bumps designate Faculties: Referring to theories of phrenologists like Gall and Spurzheim; see CN III 4355 and n. Thirty-six Faculties: As discussed in 4 7 63, the number counted by Spurzheim. Spurzheim appeared controversially in English and Scottish periodicals in the I 82o's. ens logicum: "logical entity". fr8" orv8pw1TOP TOP aVTO'TOt'Tov: "man his very self''. To aet ytvoJLevov: "the always becoming".

5292 F".•H William Ellery Channing (q8o-r 842), one of the founders of American Unitarianism, a friend of Coleridge's friend Washington Allston, called upon Coleridge in Highgate in June I 823. Coleridge's charming letter reporting to Allston the personal pleasure of the visit is not in CL but in W. C. Channing Memoir of William Ellery Channing (3 vols 1848) II 2I8-I9. M' Channing begins his profession . . . with the words, God is a Person: In A Sermon Delivered at the Ordination of the Rev. Jared Sparks . . . in Baltimore, May 5, r819 (4th ed Liverpool 1824) I I. The sermon is also entitled "Unitarian Christianity". After stating that he is setting forth the basic principles by which Unitarians interpret the Bible and that the

5293]

NOTES

first of these is the "doctrine of God's UNITY", Channing continues (I 1 ): "The proposition that there is one God, seems to us exceedingly plain. We understand by it, that there is one being, one mind, one person, one intelligent agent, and one only, to whom underived and infinite perfection and dominion belong." the Idea, God . .. :See above 5283 and below 5293, 5294 and nn. f19 in whom all the Worlds and all the Hosts of Heaven live and move and have their Being: A conflation of Acts q:24 and 28. Deus est unus: "God is one" (masc. sing.). Unum est Deus: "God is one" (neut. sing. and the order of the words

gives the emphasis); cf John

IO.JO.

et in omnibus unitis Deus est 7TOLOIJ:

Unum---ro KO:Ta 7TCXIJTCX reA.ewv, ev ev0"and in all united things God is the One, the perfect in all respects, TO

the one-making one". the profound Apostle: Paul. can penetrate into the deep things: I Cor 2: 10. ~J.eya evayyeA.A.wv:

"Great Good Tidings". quality of Brittleness in Arsenic . . . : Brande Manual 27 r. TOVTO evxaptCTTOVEJ.t:V: "this is what we celebrate in the Eucharist"; the cancelled word is clearly an attempt at evx.apturov/Lev, but it is not clear what went wrong; after cancelling it, Coleridge wrote the correct word in the available space at the end of the preceding line. 5293 F".46 Reason and Understanding: See 5295. The distinction, which as Coleridge said, he learned from Kant, was one of the central objects of The Friend; see 4774 and n; also CN III 3293, 3962 and nn. The underlining in the phrase "the Light of Reason in the Understanding" is further emphasized by Coleridge's marginal note (cropped) on Schelling's Denkmal der Schrifi von den Gottlichen Dingen (Tubingen 1812) 216: "[In] spite of all the superior Airs of [the] Naturphilosophen, I confess [th]at in the perusal of Kant I [b]reathe the free air of Good Sense and logical Understanding, with a Light of Reason shining in it [an]d thro' it. While in the Physics of Schelling I am amused with happy [co Jnjectures but in his Theology [be] wildered by Positions which in their [best] sense are transcendent (uberftiegend) in their literal sense scandalous. . . ." as many as have in themselves the conditions of learning the true import . . . Idea: The familiar Platonist-Aristotelian distinction, in Lect 5 P Lects (CC) jf2o5-222 and n 44, was probably provoked here by the reading of Schelling at this time, especially the Denkmal ( 142-3), where

e.g. Schelling said (tr), "In all languages, in all the speech of mankind,

NOTES

[5294

the understanding is put above reason. No one, before Kant's muddling of the language, had doubted this". At this point, incredulous at the change in Schelling's views since the Jahrbiicher der Medicm als Wissenschaft (rSos-8) Coleridge protested in the margin: "Schelling will quarrel with his own words in the mouth of another-No man dare have any merit who could believe this written by the same man who a few years before wrote the JI, 32, 33 to 48 Aphorismen Zur Einleitung in d[er] Jahrbucher" [cropped]. what (the term) an Idea, does not mean: See for this central theme and some further references CN III 3268, 4047, 4058, and of the numerous statements in this volume esp 4940 and n. Organology: See 4656 and n. de Minimis: "concerning the Smallest". de Maximis: "concerning the Largest". Irving: See above 4963. For reasons not apparent Coleridge has encircled in the MS the words in the last paragraph from in Philology to Science de Maximis.

52 94 F".4 7

et seorsum subsistens: I. e. "and separately subsistent". The Trinity is indeed the primary Idea: See CN III 3814, 4005, and in this volume 5078 f!33"'-37· it is the mystery: "the mystery of God, even Christ, in whom are all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge hidden." Col 2:3. f2o Disciples some of (the Anglo-Gallic School): In 4566 e.g. William Lawrence. Locke, Hume & Condillac, some (of the Scotch School) of Reid and Dugald Stuart: Birds of a feather to Coleridge; as empiricists. The first three have appeared often in these volumes. Thomas Reid ( 17 10-96) and his most eminent follower, Dugald Stewart (I 7 I 7-8 s), both Scottish philosophers whose works were popular in France, investigated the workings of the mind on common-sense principles based too much on intuition and the sensory to be acceptable to Coleridge. Ideas of Kepler . . . Conceptions of Ptolemy: Coleridge chooses to contrast the r 6th-century German who derived his astronomy from mathematics with the 2nd-century Alexandrine astronomer who proceeded by observations and was therefore superseded. See on Kepler 5422, also TT 8 Oct I 8JO. f2o"' concipere .. illis: "to conceive, to take these with those". Coleridge alludes to the etymology of "conceive", from concipere, literally "to take with"; cf 5406, C&S (CC) IJ and n. et Solem . . . Audet: "and he dares to say the Sun is wrong"; Virgil

5295]

NOTES

Georgics I 463-4. Used by Jacobi as a motto for Vber die Lehre des Spinoza. Chemical Combination . . . Magnesia and Water: Coleridge illustrates

the difference between the chemical compoL.lnd produced by the action of sulphuric acid on chalk (calcium sulphate) and the mechanical mixture of magnesia and water. apt8jLot nveayopawt Numeri numerantes: "Pythagorean numbers, numbering/creative numbers". See also 4978, 5296, 5406, 5442 and nn. In a marginal note Coleridge attacked Tennemann for not realizing that the Pythagoreans meant by numbers what Plato meant by "Ideas". Lect 2 P Lects (CC) n 61. Coleridge understood that "Numbers as symbols of structure and powers, not associated with quantitative application, were common among ancient peoples", as Mai-mai Sze says of the Chinese in The Tao of Painting (NY 1967) 24-5. 5295 F".48 the Man, who employs his Understanding exclusively: See above 5280 fr 3 and n. but a Lexicographer: Cf Johnson's Dictionary (1755): "Lexicographer, a writer of dictionaries, a harmless drudge that busies himself in tracing the original, and detailing the signification of words." Constantini, Stephani: For Robert Constantin's Lexicon sive dictionarum graeco-latinum (Geneva I 562) and Henricus Stephan us Thesaurus graecae linguae (I572) see CN III 3276, 3780 and nn. Stephanus Thesaurus was at this time being republished (I8I6-26) ed A. J. Valpy. Ainsworths: Robert Ainsworth (I66G-I74J). Ainsworth's Thesaurus linguae Latinae compendarius, or a Compendious Dictionary of the Latin Tongue, designed principally for the use of the British Nation (I 73 6), often

revised and reprinted, was long regarded in England as the best Latin dictionary; Coleridge would have used it from school days. He quoted it in LS (CC) 203. f2I Summum crede . . . : "Count it the greatest of all sins to prefer life to honour, and to lose, for the sake of living, all that makes life worth having". Juvenal Satires VIII 83, tr G. G. Ramsay (LCL 1918). Mens Poetre: "Mind of the Poet". Even Aristotle: See above 5288 and n. Mens poeta: "poet Mind". Vis Vita> organifica: "organizing Power of Life". fJoltov TO oltov: Perhaps punning on (Joltov (for TO OAOV) "the whole") and (Jolto, vis formatrix: "principle of Form, formative power".

NOTES

[5297

Even in I 825 Coleridge was still trying to clarify principles of literary criticism important to him much earlier, e.g. in "On the Principles of Genial Criticism" (I8I4), "On Poesy or Art" (I8r8) and BL esp Ch XIV. Indeed the last two sentences, touching as they do the AristotelianPlatonic distinction, apply to his most basic philosophical concerns. See 5130, 5406 and n.

5296 F".49 Note top. 36, last line but I .z: Referring to his own p 36, i.e. f.zov above, in 5294 to which this entry appears to be a postscript. It is, however, clearly a separate entry, written after 5295. The numbers of the Pythagoreans, "numbering/creative numbers", he thought of as "verily subsistent numbers or powers"; he adapted the Greek phrase in C&S (CC) I 84, having referred to Pythagoras and translated and commented on it ibid I66. The Greek passage is from lamblichus Life of Pythagoras Chap 28, § I 46. Coleridge could be reading the edition of Theophilus Kiessling ( 2 vols Leipzig 1815-16) I 306, in Greek with Latin translation. (The terminal sigma in 1TWv Eoovapoov:

It might be a means of preventing many unhappy Marnages if the youth of both sexes had it early impressed on their minds, that Marriage contracted between Christians is a true and perfect Symbol or Mystery; that is, the actualizmg Faith bemg supposed to exist in the Receivers, it is an outward Sign co-essential with that which it signifies, or a living Part of that, the whole of which it represents. Marriage, therefore, in the Christian sense (Ephesians v. 2 2-33 ), as symbolical of the union of the Soul with Christ the Mediator, and with God through Chnst, is perfectly a sacramental ordmance, and not retained by the Reformed Churches as one of THE Sacraments, for two reasons; first, that the Sign is not distinctzve of the Church of Christ, and the ordinance not peculiar nor owing its origin to the Gospel Dispensation; secondly, it is not of universal obligation, not a means of Grace enjoined on all Christians. In other and plainer words, Marriage does not contam in itself an open profession of Christ, and it is not a Sacrament of the Church, but only of certain Individual Members of the Church. It is evident, however, that neither of these Reasons affect or diminish the religious nature and dedicative force of the marriage Vow, or detract from the solemnity of the Apostolic Declaration: THIS IS A GREAT MYSTERY. The interest, which the State has in the appropriation of one Woman to one Man, and the civil obligations therefrom resulting, form an altogether distinct consideration.

a Symbol or Mystery: See 4831 fs8, 5097 and nn. C oncubitus: "sexual intercourse". Dimidia in totum concurrunt: "Halves run together into a whole". Seep. 55: Of AR 55-6: Can any thing manly, I say, proceed from those, who for Law and Light would substitute shapeless feelings, sentiments, impulses, which as far as they differ from the vital workings in the brute animals, owe the difference to their former connexion with the proper Virtues of Humanity; as Dendrites derive the outlines, that constitute

5349]

NOTES

the1r value above other clay stones, from the casual ne1ghborhood and pressure of the Plants, the names of which they assume! Remember, that Love itself in its highest earthly Bearing, as the ground of the Marnage union, becomes Love by an inward FIAT of the Will, by a complettng and sealing Act of Moral Election, and lays claim to permanence only under the form of DUTY.

/38 Substantiative Act: Cf 4679 and n. signum commemorans: "commemorating sign". Zwinglian Sacramentaries: See 5161, 5126 and nn. Calvin's exposition: John Calvin Bk IV Chap I 7 "Of the Holy Supper of Christ": The Institution of Christian Religion tr Thomas Norton (I 6 I I) 670-704 argued that just as the bread and wine nourish the physical body, their symbolism of Christ's body and blood nourish the soul. The work was listed in Green SC but not shown as Coleridge's. The lnstitutio christiana& religionis (Geneva 1 569) was listed in Wordsworth LC as having the autographs of WW and Coleridge, but is unlocated. he would be with them . . . always: Matt 28:20, John 14: r6; see above

5344.

5349 F".92 The two plays of John Marston appear, in the order in which Coleridge quoted them, in Old English Plays ( 6 vols 18 I 4) What You Will II 195-290, Parasitaster II 291-405; Chapman's Bussy D'Ambois in III 222-342. The first quotation from Marston's What You Will is from III i (n 24 7) Lampatho speaking; Coleridge indicated the lines by his capital letters. In Act v i Marston's Quadratus says to the Duke of Venice, "I will do that which few of thy subjects do--love thee; but I will never do that, which all thy subjects do, flatter thee; thy humour's real, good, a comedy" (n 285). Earlier in Act IV i, there was some play on shuttlecock, in which Me leta says, "if he [a servant] fly well and have good feathers, I play with him till he be down, and then my maid serves him to me again; if a slug and weak wing'd, if he be down, there let him lie." 11 263. The remainder of this paragraph seems to be Coleridge's. Jan Steen & Wilkie: Jan Steen, Dutch (c 1626-79), and Sir David Wilkie, English (q85-I84r), were two painters acclaimed for their treatment of human scenes. In The Parasitaster; or The Fawn I ii Marston wrote (II 3 I 1 ): We have been a phtlosopher, and spoke With much applause; but now age makes us wise, And draws our eyes to search the heart of things, And leave vain seemings ...

NOTES

[5351

For which, if any, poetic purpose did Coleridge make his alterations? Or was it a personal reflection? By him, by whom we are!: The last speech of Hercules in I ii (3 16r 7): with some omissions and alterations. The lines Dear sleep and lust, I thank you; but for you, Mortal, till now I scarce had known myself,

were omitted before Thou grateful Drug (Marston reads "Thou grateful poison"). Coleridge substitutes so it grow for Marston's "so't grown", Realm for Marston's "Kingham", born beneath for "born under", after which cf with Coleridge's version Where what is honest you may freely think, Speak what you think, and write what you do speak, Not bound to servile soothings.

In the first speech of Chapman's Bussy D'Ambois: In the Old English Plays III 235-6, it seems unnecessary to quote the long speech full of tumid pastiness. What is of some interest is that Coleridge not only selects the choice image but does not allow the moral didactic use of it. Chapman wrote: And as great seamen, using all their wealth And skills in Neptune's deep invisible paths, In tall ships richly built and ribb'd with brass, To put a girdle round about the world, When they have don it, (coming near their haven) Are fain to give a warning piece, and call A poor stayed fisherman, that never past His country's sight, to waft and guide them in: So when we wander furthest through the waves We must to virtue for her guide resort, Or we shall shipwreck in our safest port.

Coleridge had made a similar observation in Malta, of proud ships "forced to turn about and beat round in the Quarantine Harbor". CN II 2313.

5350 F".9J

Quoting Psalms

I

8:3 1 •

5351 F".94 In this and the four entries following Coleridge was commenting on William Hone The Apocryphal New Testament (1820), of which there were two editions differing in pagination. Coleridge's annotated copy of the first edition is in the Johns Hopkins University

Library, Baltimore.

5351]

NOTES

The introductions and translations in the first part of Hone's book, the apocryphal gospels and epistles, were based mainly on Jeremiah Jones A New and Full Method of Settling the Canonical Authority of the New Testament (2nd ed Oxford 1798); those in the second part, the Apostolic Fathers, were based on William Wake The Genuine Epistles of the Apostolic Fathers (5th ed Oxford 1817). Hone makes a less than adequate acknowledgment to Wake and rarely mentions Jones. Clement's Ep. to the Corinthians (Archbishop Wake's Translation): Hone Apocryphal NT [ xx] cited William Wake, Lord Bishop of Lincoln, as the translator of the epistles of Clement and Barnabas; Ignatius to the Ephesians, Magnesians, Romans, Philadelphians, Smyrnaeans, and Polycarp; Polycarp to the Philippians; and the Shepherd of Hermas I, II, and III. (Wake became Archbishop of Canterbury.) grzevous faults into which he had been hurried by his Illiterateness: A review of Hone's work in QR (xxv July 1821) 347-65, by Coleridge's friend Hugh J. Rose, attacked it for trying to "show that the most silly and drivelling forgeries can be supported by the same evidence which we use to establish the authority of our Scripture", and for his ignorance, incompetence, disingenuity, and inaccuracy. Another review was equally abusive (QR xxx Jan 1824 ), calling the work a "monstrous compound of ignorance, sophistry, and falsehood hurried together at a watering place, at the last moment, and remote from all books". Coleridge refers to one or both of these reviews below, f39', f40. Cf on poor Hone 4986n. to prefix an accurate account to each of the Books: There are brief introductions to the books in Hone Apocryphal NT, which Coleridge described as blundering and ignorant. See CM I Bible NT Apocrypha §2,

§J. first 8 in the collection: Hone Apocryphal NT 1-90; Coleridge evidently refers to all the false gospels and epistles. They are listed in CM 1 under Bible NT Apocrypha. m vwea: "the spurious". !39'' the Book of Enoch in the Royal Library at Paris: This is now known as the Ethiopian Book of Enoch or I Enoch. Eichhorn ABbLitt x 533-35 gave a report of A. I. Silvestre de Sacy's "Notice du livre d'Enoch", published in the Magasin encyclopfdique in I 8oo, which described how the traveller James Bruce brought back from Abyssinia three copies of the Book of Enoch in I 77 3 and deposited one of these in the then Royal Library in Paris. The article does not mention the fact that the Paris MS was a copy of the one Bruce gave to the Bodleian on his arrival in England in 1774· The first English translation was by Richard Laurence, Archbishop of Cashel, in I 82 I. /'.1anichean Gospel of Nicodemus: Hone Apocryphal NT 44-71, which

NOTES

[5351

describes Jesus' trial, crucifixion, and harrowing of hell; Manichean is Coleridge's descriptive term because of the emphasis on the contest between Christ and the devil. The Double person: Satan and Beelzebub, who in Nicodemus I 5 and I 6 hold a debate as they see Christ approaching hell. Satan is called "the prince and captain of death" (I 5: I) and Beelzebub is the "prince of hell" (r8:r). Satan, in its etymon, Circuitor: Satan, in Hebrew shoton, "adversary/ hinderer"; he wandered through heaven and earth tempting God and man; see e.g. I Chron 2I:I, Job 1:7 and 2:2. Hence the derivation favoured by C. seeking whom to devour: I Pet 5:8; see 4998 fr 3 and n; cf TT May 29, r8JO. the Last Enemy of S' Paul: I Cor I s:26. adopted by the Great Poet: I.e. Milton in Paradise Lost II passim. Almost worthy of the Curse of Kehama: RS's poem concludes with Kehama's entry into Padalon (Hell) by eight gates simultaneously. coincidence with the Arab. Nights Enter. in the Story of the Mule: The Story of the Mule is not in the Gospel of Nicodemus but in The First [i.e. The Arabic] Gospel of the Infancy of Jesus Christ 7:5-35, Hone Apocryphal NT 27-9. The story tells of a young man, bewitched into the form of a mule by a jealous woman, who comes to Mary, the mother of Jesus, to be restored to his previous handsome form for the sake of his two sisters. Mary puts the infant Jesus on the mule's back, and after the miraculous restoration the man is married to one of the servant girls in Mary's household. "The Story of the Enchanted Horse" Arabian Nights Entertainments (4 vols 1778) IV I82-2I4 (see CN III 4315n) is, however, of a Persian prince who in a series of adventures in Persia and India eventually recovers his princess by means of a magic artificial horse brought to his father's court by an Indian who turns out to be a trickster and is eventually beheaded. sat nugis-ducant in seria: "enough of trifles, let them lead me on to serious matters"; Horace Ars poetica 451 var. II Clem. C. XVI. v. z8: A slip for 1 Clement 17:18; see below f4o; Hone Apocryphal NT 109; the text reads: By him would God have us to taste the knowledge of immortality; 5who being the brightness of his glory, is by so much greater than the angels, as he has by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they . . . . >Heb. i. 3· 4".

The reference to Heb Bishop indicates.

I

:3-4 is by the translator, as Coleridge's Good

5351]

NOTES

a pious Socmian: See CN III 3581 and n. de scholii Priestleio-Belshamensi: "of the school of Priestley and Belsham"; see 4915 and n. my opinion . . . of the Trinity . . . : See e.g. 5248, 5297 and nn. See Chapt. XXIII. 1. 2. and 4 v: I.e. the conclusion of I Clement; Hone Apocryphal NT I I 7: Now God, the inspector of all things, the Father of Spirits, and the Lord of all flesh, who hath chosen our Lord Jesus Christ, and us by him, to be his peculiar people; Grant to every soul of man that calleth upon his glorious and holy name, faith, fear, peace, long-suffering, patience, temperance, holiness, and sobriety, unto all well-pleasing to h1s sight; through our High Priest and Protector Jesus Christ, by whom be glory and majesty, and power and honour, unto h1m now and for ever more, Amen ... The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be w1th you, and with all that are any where called by God through him: To whom be honour and glory, and might and majesty, and eternal dominion, by Christ Jesus, from everlasting to everlastmg, Amen.

fabrication of the Second: Hone's prefatory note to 2 Clement (I I 7) quotes Archbishop Wake as stating that this epistle was "not of so great reputation among the primitive Fathers as the first". It was and is usually thought not to be by Clement. Homoiousian & Samosatene Heretics; See CN III 3964 and n. Trimestrian Critics: Critics in QR; see above f39n. Cf Coleridge's small regard for them in e.g. 5240. Odium Theologicum; "theological hatred" (among rivals). Christians . . . during the first 5 Centuries . . . sending forth of Books under false Names: Hone Apocryphal NT 45, in the prefatory note to the Gospel of Nicodemus or Acts of Pilate, quoted Jeremiah Jones on the practice of the early Christians of forging books in order to meet attacks and to counter spurious works by pagans, and for less plausible reasons as well. f4o secundum regulam fidei: "according to the rule of faith". Orphics: The poems that went under the name of Orpheus had been edited by J. G. J. Hermann (Leipzig I 805) and the Hymns had been translated by Thomas Taylor (I787) and (1824). One important fragment was preserved as quoted by Aristobulus (see 5207 and n), but most of these and the fragmentary Theogony are probably as late as Neoplatonic times. Pythagorics: Notably the "Golden Verses", to be found in English in T. Stanley History of Philosophy ( I70I) 41 9· See also 5207 and 5232 and nn.

NOTES

[5352

Sibylline Prophecies: The Sibylline Oracles enjoyed a great prestige in the Graeco-Roman world, and were added to by Jewish writers in Alexandria in the 2nd century B.c.; still later they were added to by Christian writers, until an extensive sibylline literature developed. The Sibylline Oracles now extant are a collection mainly of prophecies, to a great extent written by Jewish writers from c 200 B.C. onward and by Christians from c A.D. 100 onward. Hermetics: The Greek and Latin writings attributed to Hermes Trismegistus, the Egyptian god, Thoth, in the first three centuries A.D. were fusions of Platonic, Pythagorean, and Oriental ideas used to further Gnostic beliefs. They aimed at the deification of man through the knowledge of God. See The Friend (CC) I I r6-7 and 416; CL I 260, CN III 3276n. an epistle which is little more than a Cento from the . . . Canon: I.e. 2 Clement, which quotes extensively from the NT. another so characteristically barren in all clear references to the . . . N. T.: I Clement. single evident exception: The apparent reference in I Clement r 7: I 8 to Heb I :3-4; see above /39"· Trimestrian High-parson: I.e. the "Quarterly" i.e. QR High Church parson. Does the remark convey Coleridge's distaste for QR reviewers in general or does it refer more specifically, with or without knowledge of the authorship, to the review in the issue for July I 82 r by Hugh ]. Rose referred to above atf39n? Barnabas: The introduction was from Jones; the 5352 F".95 translation was Wake's; see above 535In. first Jour Chapters: Hone Apocryphal NT I 22-7; the chapters summarize OT ordinances abolished in Christianity, Daniel's prophecies of Christ, and other OT prophecies that Christ would suffer. Hone's blindly compiled preface: Apocryphal NT I 2 2: Barnabas was a companion and fellow preacher with Paul. This Epistle lays a greater claim to canonical authority than most others. It has been cited by Clemens Alexandrinus, Origen, Eusebius, and Jerome, and many ancient Fathers. Cotelerius affirms that Origen and Jerome esteemed it genuine and canonical; but Cotelerius himself did not believe it to be either one or the other; on the contrary, he supposes it was written for the benefit of the Ebionites, (the Christianized Jews), who were tenacious of rites and ceremonies.

Hone continues his hurried compilation of miscellaneous author\ties (again taken from Jeremiah Jones), who either accepted or rejected the

5353]

NOTES

authenticity and value of Barnabas. Cf Coleridge's two notes on this same passage in CM I under Bible NT Apocrypha cited above in 535ln. Barnabas having quarreled with Paul: Acts I 5:3 6-4 I; Gal 2: I 2- I 4· Part of the disagreement seems to have been because Barnabas was "carried away" with Peter's "dissimulation" in observing Jewish rites; cf 5322 f28 and n. Cotolerius's Judicium de epist. S' Barnabae: Coleridge's misspelling of the name is clear in the text. Johannes Baptista Cotelerius SS. Patrum qui temporibus Apostolicisfloruerunt: Barnabae, Clementis, Hermae, lgnatii, Polycarpi ed J. Clericus i.e. Jean LeClerc (2 vols Antwerp I698) I s-8. This collection, but not the Judicium, is referred to by Hone and by Eichhorn NT III 4 70 for Barnabas, but the source of Coleridge's reference here to the Judicium de Epistola S. Barnabae has not been traced. tradition . . . which makes Mark founder & first Bishop of Alexandria: Eichhorn NT I 549-50 mentioned the tradition, citing Eusebius, Chrysostom, Epiphanius, and Jerome as sources. Ep. to the Hebrews . . . attributed to Barnabas: Eichhorn NT m 46673 summarized and rebutted the theory, citing Tertullian and Jerome as holding the view. the wide word, inspiration: See above 5337. f4o"' its testimony to the pre-existence of Christ: E.g. Barnabas 4=7= "For this cause the Lord was content to suffer for our souls, although he be the Lord of the whole earth; to whom God said before the beginning of the world, Let us make man after our own image and likeness."

5353 F".96 s'h and 6'h Chapters of Barnabas: Hone Apocryphal NT I47-50; the chapters describe the OT prophecies and rites that were predictive of Christ as scapegoat; see above 5269, 5270 and nn. et magis et alio genere ac Epist. ad Hebraeos: "both more and in another kind than the Epistle to the Hebrews?" Eichhorn NT Ill 4-42-53 described the philo-judaic, Alexandrine quality of Hebrews. diverso genere: "in a different kind". not penmen but pens man-shaped: Cf above 5 33 7 and n.

8'h Chapter v. 5354- F".97 ryphal NT I 3 I-2:

10-14:

I.e. of Barnabas; Hone Apoc-

Understand, therefore, children, these things more fully, that Abraham, who was the first in the Spirit to Jesus, circumcised, having received the mystery of three letters.

NOTES

[5355

For the Scripture says that Abraham circumcised three hundred and eighteen men of his house. But what therefore was the mystery that was made known to himl Mark, first the eighteen, and next the three hundred. For the numerical letters of ten and eight are I H. And these denote Jesus. And because the cross was that by which we were to find grace; therefore he adds, three hundred; the note of which is T (the figure of the cross). Wherefore by two letters, he signified Jesus, and by the third his cross. He who has put the engrafted gift of his doctrine within us, knows, that I never taught to anyone a more certain truth: but I trust that ye are worthy of it.

not out breathed from the Holy Ghost: See 5 l 18, 5 22 8 and nn. innocent infirmities . . . a mistaken Theory of Inspiration that would demand their exclusion: See 537 I and n. f4I litem lite resolvens; "solving puzzle by puzzle"; Horace Satires II 3 IOJ; tr H. Rushton Fairclough (LCL r926). Fame and Reputation: See CN II 3 I 97, III 329 I, 3671. Tombs to the Prophets whom their Fathers had stoned to death: An allusion to Matt 23:37 and Luke 13:34. f4r"