The Life of Francis Daniel Pastorius, the Founder of Germantown

Citation preview

Arms of the Pastorils Family

in

America

^T^^ ania

WITH AN APPRECIATION OF PASTOPJUS BY

SAMUEL WHITAKER PENNYPACKER, Former Governor of Pennsylvania

PHILADELPHIA WILLIAM CAMPBELL J.

1908

LL. D.

h. D.

\ \..

1576640

copvajGHT

1908

BV

MARION DEXTER LEARNED AIX RIGHTS RESERVED

ii^l

'^i'-

i'^^ij

t

THOLSrV'iij.,

jK

c

(By the Col'rtesv of Mr.

Max

Zeitler.)

.

A

io

l,.H3.iTI?.S

'/.,'.-

'-.v.

c

..-I

i

•y.

;

y

ci'j-ce

PREFACE This his times.

is

a documentary

It is the result

life

of Francis Daniel Pastorius and

of long and patient research in original

sources in the Archives of Europe and America, and presents

much new matter cost

and pains

other sources,

hitherto unpublished.

The author has

in gaining access to the original

many

spared no documents and

of which are indicated by the photographic

reproductions.

The work

is

written in a style which,

it is

hoped, will prove

same time keep the reader in touch with the sources. No statement has been made in the work without reference to a reliable source. The genealogist and critical reader will readable, but at the

find in the footnotes the original authorities for the statements

made

in the text, and the reader unfamiliar with German and Latin will find the essential facts stated or translated in the English text.

The author wishes

to

make

public

acknowledgment

to the

following for the friendly assistance given him during the preparation of this work.

In America:

Ex-Governor Samuel

W.

Pennypacker of

Penn>T)acker's Mills, Pennsylvania; Dr. Joseph G. Rosengarten of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Mr. Francis Daniel Pastorius

of Colorado Springs, Colorado; ]\Ir. Abram Bruner of Staunton, Virginia Mr. George C. Thomas of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Mr. A- H. Ritter of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Professor M. G. ;

Brumbaugh of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Professor D. B. Schumway, Professor W. R. Newbold, Professor Morris Jastrow. Jr. of the University of Pennsylvania; Mr. Albert Cook Myers of Moylan, Pennsylvania; Mr. G. J. Scattergood of Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Mr. S. L. M. Rosenberg of the University of Pennsylvania; Dr. John W. Jordan, Dr. G. B. Keen, and assistants, of ;

iH.y-:-

'J

::^

:.''"'.

..:

'f>.v -

'-

'

;••;.

y-

-'

;

•^;;!;

a:

/•

•7'i,.

H'.O.''

Iv'yb y

'

:•

,...;;/:!;

' ;

y':

-it;'';..,'

•

" ,•-

.'

-':ynj'.:i

-

,

:

:'

.:

;

.;•)•;!:•*

:_.;'.•;/

O-'iJ

.,--K

"'=''':'

/':iT

i:.i-nv::v">

:•

-

-n;;,-:..

-

•.
-^ -.^^

'••

'

•

.^ifjoio:

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Chapter

—Ancestors — Early Years and Education —Years of Practice and Travel IV. — Agent of the German Company V. — Burgher and Schoolmaster

Chapter

VI.— In

Chapter Chapter

Chapter Chapter

Chapter

I.

i-49

II.

50-81

III.

82-115

VII.

Appendix A.

B.

Appendix

C.

288-293

sine

Exemplo

298

—Letter of Attorney

to Falkner, Kelpius

and Jawert

Index

E.

294-297

of the ^lap of German-

town, 1688

Appendix

225-287

—Agreement of the German Company of

—Exemplum —Description

Appendix D.

156-187

ho 1

Frankfurt

Appendix

16-155

188-224

Private Life

—^Lawgiver, Scrivener and Author :

1

—The Pastorius Family

299-300 3°^

3^5

^.,^.-^,^^.^„.^...^

•^

-'.

!

!,-.:^c,;r.r-^.

-.;

Only iooo WHICH this is

copies of this

work have been

..•-••

n

-

•-'

printed, of '"-'

'

No. 1^'2>

6.1

;"V:">]'t

/^.i.i''

~/-'.,F

A..'-:

•TBW

^

^:

.i .Ot^

ILLUSTRATIONS Opposite Frontispiece

— Pastorius

Page Arms.

Warburg

2

Title

6

in Westphalia about 1650 Page of 'M. A. Pastorius' "Itinerarium" Title Page of ^L A. Pastorius" "Prognosticon" Frontispiece of ^L A. Pastorius" "Romischer Adler"' Title Page of ^L A. Pastorius' "Romischer Adler"

Page of ^L A. Pastorius' "Liber Intimissimus" Frontispiece of ^L A. Pastorius' "Franconia Rediviva" Title Page of "Franconia Rediviva" Marriage Record of F. D. Pastorius' Parents Record of F. D. Pastorius' Baptism Burial Record of F. D. Pastorius' Mother Inner and Outer Wall of Sommerhausen Title

8 10

12 16

20 22 28

28 28 30

^L A. Pastorius in Sommerhausen Datestone of Pastorius House Epitaph of M. A. Pastorius Title Page of M. A. Pastorius' "Fasciculus Rhjthmorum" MS. Title Page of M. A. Pastorius" "Windsheim" Title Page of ^L A. Pastorius' "Windsheim" Pastorius' Own Copy of "Windsheim" Sommerhausen Wall and Square Tower Residence of the Counts of Limpurg Windsheim in 1644 Street in Windsheim Hotel "Rotes Ross"" in Windsheim Library and Archives in Windsheim GjTnnasium in Windsheim

32

University of Altdorf

64 66

House

of

Entrance to University of Altdorf Tower in Altdorf Tower in Altdorf Street Scene in Altdorf Disputation of F. D. Pastorius Outskirts of

Windsheim

34 40 42

44 46 48 50 52

54 S6 58

60 62

68 7°

7^ "8 80

Reaping with the Sickle outside of Windsheim

82

Hop

84

Field near

Windsheim

....

.....

,

,1"

ijir-rii/'j'VA'

';'

:

.•

i:;r--n^.

.'

'::.''[

;

]•'

r:v:

.•[)..

!.r:.

.

./^

;.',

r.l

:

t'l

a'

:;

j.-.

i?;^?

al.'t"'^

.

::.

.

.cIA

-MoM" bjoH

J

,.

riqj..:Ji.i

;v

^^.-v;

--

70

^i!/\ n;

:

-9woT

X

Illustrations Opposite

Page Old Schoolhouse in Windsheim View of the Cemetery in Sommerhausen

M. A.

88 90

Pastorius' Epitaph, written by himself

94

Rent Receipt of the Frankfurt Company

Sommer Tea Room

in the

no

"Schloss" at Sommerhausen

112

Calendar of Pastorius' Life Rathaus in Sommerhausen

114

Sommerhausen in 1903 Qock Tower in Sommerhausen

118

Letter of F. D. Pastorius to His Parents, 1684

124

Sichere Nachricht auss America

128

Warrant for Survey of Land for Dutch and German Purchasers.... Warrant for Survey of Lots for Germans in Philadelphia Survey of Pastorius' Land Title Page of the "Raths-Buch" of Germantown First Title Page of Pastorius' "Beschreibung" Four Boasting Disputers

130

224 226

F. D. Pastorius' "Tractatlein"

228

Page of Pastorius' "Send-Brieff" Pastorius' "Primmer"

232

116

120

130

154 160

Title

230

Pastorius' "Beschreibung"

"F. D. P." or Title

234 236

Common-Place Book

Page of Pastorius' "Medicine Book"

238

Pastorius' "Beehive"

240

A

242

Title

Page of "Beehive"

Letter of Pastorius to his Son Henr^Title

Page of "Beehive"

in

246

Seven Languages

250

Index to "Beehive"

252

"Alvearialia"

254 256

"Alvearialia" Title Title Title Title

Page Page Page Page

of "Deliciae Hortenses"

258 260

of "Voluptates Apianae" of "Grund- und Lager-Buch" of Pastorius'

266

"Young Country Clerk"

"Leges Pennsylvaniae" Will of Pastorius Inventory of Pastorius' Effects Signatures of the Agreement of the Frankfurt Map of Germantown, 1688

274 278 286 -

Company

Signature of Martinus Pastor Decision of Juristic Faculty of the University of Jena in the Suit of Martinus Pastor Genealogia Pastoriana or Genealogical Sketch (from the "Beehive")

286 2S8 298 300 303 312

7,'

nt V-

rorii,-'

:'!;•.

FRANCIS DANIEL PASTORIUS THE FOUNDER OF GERMANTO\^T^

'

U '"""

;'

'

^

CHAPTER

I.

ANCESTORS.

Francis Daniel Pastorius, the founder of Germantown, the

permanent German colony in North America, was bom in Sommerhausen, Franconia, September 26, 1651, three years

first

after the close of the Thirty Years'

War.

of a distinguished German family, whose

He was histor}^

the scion

reflects

the

vicissitudes of the fierce religious strife of the times of Gustavus

Adolphus, Tilly and Wallenstein. still

The wounds

unhealed and the bitterness of the strife

of the still

war were

lingered in

the adherents of the Catholic and Protestant cause, severing in

same family the strongest ties of kinship and blood. Little has been known, hitherto, of the name and origin of the Pastorius family to which the founder of Germantown belonged. Even ]Macco, in his extensive and profusely illustrated the

History of the Pastor Family,'^ makes only a passing reference to "Pastor" (more correctly "Pastorius") in Windsheim and seems to know nothing of the earlier history of this family in

Warburg, Westphalia.

In spite of the tradition that the Pastorius family came from Italy to France and thence to Germany, the family seems to have been one of the many whose German names were Latinized

under the influence of humanism. The Latin form Pastorius would point to an original German Schdfer or Hirt or some com* Cf. H. F. Macco, Geschichte und Genealogie der Familie Pastor (published as vol. iv of Beitrdge sur Genealogie rheinischer Adels- und Patrizierfamilien), Aachen, 1905.

" •

y

^J-\''. .T-'

'

-

...X

:

"-:v

"

'

c\':)v\.P':

i

.'..'

'fv^

-,-;r

nvroj/'b .,:.

:

-:;;o;'

•''!(...:•=::;-.,•

y:

:.>,:

;.

.

.,'.

.-,

/

fO l.''.;"r'C:

lo

Dili

(':'

'

'

':

v;:'r.'-:'-

:

:?;•;

-^s-rnHVii. ri'^rn;'?0 ij/:';;:-:o ^^.

3n

J.

'"

"

'

Lj;i-_>i--£S

"jm;-

'^

'"'

nfirrnrjO

l-;;''

'')'-"'

../v,:,io7

v.

i'

rrKfn';"

nr

C?:.

iu '"',!

.:.r7}rl-'!

ir'''

•?-,•'

>.-';.

•

-.nnu

-.';,iT

'(

'

,>r;o

•

-iloif-rT)

•

:..^

.:r:"iv:

•->'

'

•

'.:::]

I).'

-

'

1-:

''.:

r;;

.!':':.\V

'

i>['..',

..:.

:!?'i

,:

.

:i-

r'i,

';'

f"

J;; '.....;. •;v'';'

:.•!:;

•"•..•

'

:/

.

'irii

•'.,

.

i

j~dl

fif

7^:0

^:^vr^

^:!

tn*»v/

i£-:rfj3ij

:;-.j:Jtb5

bni;

bnB

-;

hmn^Je

:?£'^q

]

!>riT

"

Francis Daniel Pastorius

4

seu Polonioe Historiae Epitome Nova Auloachimo Pastorio. Editio secunda a mendis repurLvgd. Batavor. Apud Franc. Hegervm, Ann.

Flori Polonici

2.

thore gata.

The

|

|

|

|

I

MDCXLII.

j^

]

|

j

I

[

I20.

title-page of the second edition has a

young (as old an emblem which

senting the pelican feeding her

had

it)

from her own blood,

the tombstone of Melchior

Adam

woodcut repretradition falsely

found also on

is

Pastorius in the

St.

Johannes

Kirchhof at Nurnberg.

Another enlarged edition appeared even a et

fifth edition

Franco furti")

3.

at

Amsterdam, 1664, and

with a continuation was published ("Gedani

in 1679.

Joachimi Pastorii

....

Heroes

Sacri,

Flos Poloniae, et Epigrammata Varia. Lesnae Polon. [1644.]

Musa

120.

Peregrinans, Daniel Vetter:

Second, corrected and enlarged edition with the addition of his "Character Virtutum" Danzig, 1653, 12 mo. 4.

Aulicus inculpatus. Ex Gallico auctoris anon>'mi [Eustache de Refuge] traductus a J. Pastorio. Apud. L. Elzevirium:

Amsterdami, 1644.

120,

[Another edition

in 1649.]

5.

Peplum Sarmaticum.

6.

Aquilae

7.

Bellum Scythico-Cosacicum seu de conjuratione Tartarorum Cosacorum et Plebis Russicae contra regnum Poloniae ab invictissimo Polonias et Sueciae Rege J. Casimiro profligata, narratio plenioris historiae operi prsemissa. Sumptibus G. Forsteri Dan-

Dantisci, 1645.

40.

Sarmaticae super Augustis Nuptiis Johanni Casimiri Applausus. 1649.

:

tisci.

1652-1659.

40.

8.

De

9.

Palaestra Nobilium.

10.

juventutis institutionis ratione.

Vita

T.

Crellii a

descripta.

1656

Dantzig, 1653.

1654.

TToachimo] P[astorio] M[edicin3e] D[octore] fol.

^Vl:V•^^0"\ r::-'^/:

'!

>"?;T;:/.r!"::

-"il-y'/'

k;:

.;R

ry.:'^'.j

.c;r(

-''ojpcj

i:r7T:£y^o[

cii

._-ii .-.'..:

o^\

y.n,':

,:.•

,?:C'-i

fiii:kTnX

''


1 .";?»'

.X7>-l-J

.J

--f::

,t.;Mit^---(t"

.;

Srvf

^•-^^;;viv.•i.

c'^j-i^^SriS

:::.\

.q

ryr^t--.;,:.! gjfi,;!'

.J

J

•»

..

i

7

--

.

/•>

— IKOCiNoSTl CdJ^ JlUC nlcrvci.iri'um. ,

Ci

.

Per*

1 '

' > i^ceforcm-:

T

'

Ad

I

/.

J '

'

'

'^

'

•!/'''

r. ^.

ea^Scr-'b(oS^ui ii.*1iri>!

'-'O'J-,

-

1?:

-Mo

.

Francis Daniel Pastorms

12

deed received Five Talents, as appears by his extra(shewing unto me the Rciclis Adlcr & other Books by him pubHshed,) Melchior Adam but two, and this harmless Nun (pointing to my sd Aunt,) hardly one, Sec. And really she look'd to be extreme Jnnocent, & if not meriting Heaven through her self-conceited good works, J thought, it would be a pity she should deserve hell."^^ tin Pastorius in

ordinary- Writings,

I.

Adam

In discussing- the two youngest sons, Melchior

and

Balthasar Pastorius, our interest centres about the former, as

more than

little

the

name

is

Melchior

The life and writings much important light upon

known

Adam

of Balthasar.

•

^

Pastorius.

of ^Melchior

Adam

Pastorius shed

works of

the career and

his

son,

Francis Daniel Pastorius, the subject of our study, justifying the detail of this chapter.

Melchior

Adam

Pastorius was

bom

in

Erfurt,

1624, and received his early education in his native

Sept.

city.

22,

Hav-

ing finished his study of the "humaniora" he left Erfurt, Sept. 3,

1643, to enter the University of Wiirzburg.

In the account^*'

of his travels he has left us the names of those nearest to him in

Erfurt in the following distichs:

"Hi sunt quos charos mihi Patria iunxerat olim Dresanus, Roland, Dorstius Hunger, Aper Demar, Riess, Fleischmann, lunemah, lunckerque, Weserque Mente alij dudum iam cecidere meo. Quam bene vixerimus sub eodem sidere nati, Praeceptor Dunhos carmine testis erat. Testis erat Petri Mons, quern defendimis vna Contra oppugnantes quotquot adusque " The Genealogical Sketch. " The Latin title is Melchioris Adami Pastorii rivm et Vitae Cvrricvlvs (quoted as Itinerarium). :

I

j

forent.''-^

Erffvrtensis

|

Itinera-

|

° The poem In diuersis

is

entitled

"De Bonis Amicis

:

Mundi Partibus

|

repertis

|

i^^.

De

Melchioris .A.dami Pastorii Patriotis Erffurtensibus."

|

|

-:nr\

;>'

•

/v

\r~ a;-) aoj

J';3-'atr

,„'!

a

"f.'j'.

.i^'jaui:^

^

CL

.V

'.'•ji.mt-.

o^

.^

(_)

,1^ ij

.qa>r -^i'-"}/!"

,

_

^-i

()

I

^

.^

^n

'cJir^ov.M .A

,/.

.Ia

(b"{jj;^

.!/!

-lo

^

'!

2J-riT

:i

;

The Founder of Germcuitown

Among

his other farewell reminiscences of Erfurt are to

be found a poem

"Encomium

13

in praise of

Thuringise

et

Thuringia and the

city of Erfurt

Vrbis patriae Erffurtensis" in

and another entitled "Materna Dimissio, Et omnis precatio ad Melchiorem

Adamum

distichs,

humanioribus Erffurto ad Academias progrederetur, die 3 1643," recalling the parting words of his mother.

As

it

lude of a

still

longer journey to Switzerland, Rome, Vienna and

Paris, during a period of six years.

Descriptio")

detail, rivalling the classical

well

full text is

where he

visited

is

The

description of these

of the most

full

interesting

autobiography of Thomas Platter.--

worthy of

only can be given here. feld,

Sept.,

turned out, his journey to Wiirzburg was but the pre-

travels ("Itmeris

The

ap-

felicitatis

Pastorium cum absolutis studijs

publication, but a bare synopsis

The itinerary' led from Erfurt to Eichsthe Mons Adjutorii, the famous abode of

a demon, according to a legend going back to the time of St.

Boniface; to Gotha, where he saw Schloss Friedensstein Fulda, where he visited the splendid cathedral with

its

to

;

hundreds

of bells and c}Tnbals; to Frankfurt-on-the-Main, where he saw the beautiful stone bridge over the ]Main to Sachsenhausen and

heard the

stor\'

of the "Pfeiffer Gericht," which he describes

Mainz, the home of Gutenburg, the inventor of printing, to

he devotes a few

distichs,

and the

seat of the cruel Bishop

to Aschaffenburg, the residence of the Elector,

:

to

whom Hatto

by way of Frank-

furt and Hagenau, on through the Spessart by way of W'ertheim and the monastery Triffenstein to Wiirzburg, where he found the Canon Philipp von Ried, whom his brother Johann Augustin, as Resident of the Elector of Trier at Rome, had aided in his suits against Anselmus Casimirus, the Archbishop of Mainz.

The Canon

received

him kindly and gave him permission

to

take up the study of philosophy at the University of Wiirzburg.

At

this juncture

"Cf. Thomas Leipzig, 1878.

in the

itinerary he interjects distichs in

Platter's Selbstbiographie..

.

Hrsg. von. Heinrich Boos,

n'.j" '.^viVifuri^'

r-?-)/-'

:.;n

\-j

Tik),t>5';'*

'»h

i

.^Ti;

:=>-,.

IM ^i

.

.

.„.

.

:i^:''

•

I

=

f.'-A:.'!

-";

:

>\:,i-«,

vrr

..:.

.

>ic:'.i

--^l

G7 ju!c:.

rr^-vv/'T

-

..

;,;•'>

i

"

i

:'.

'

:;;:!.

;;.:(?

:•:.:;-

J

t

v^.T

.

v;

;,.

i':

::..,:£

,

•

.

.:'

.

,,.r:"'

J Jti.q

ni

.

:;

'V-:,^

.-t^riioi:.?,

.„

rn

^.

vj:u .:x:;u j;iT

.•.••»;

'''-:

.inl'b'ti

I,

vx-".f'.

„;i;

•,,

>;

ajis

'3U!05"Of'A

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

l6

were

left to shift for

themselves in the inns.

for by the Cardinal's father confessor,

(Plumbinus),

The

Cento.

who

took him along to his native

confessor took Pastorius with

to visit the nuns,

who were much

different language

was spoken

in

platter of sweet cakes

city,

him

La Terra

to the cloister

astonished at finding that a

Germany, and

could not understand their language.

wards a

Pastorius was cared Hieronymus Piombinus

They

and other

that the stranger

sent Pastorius after-

dainties,-^

fessor returned to Ferrara, leaving Pastorius in his

and the con-

new

quarters.

In a few^ days word came that the Cardinal had resumed his journey to Rome. Pastorius, not able to join them at Ferrara, to follow them alone. He accordingly hurried on after them by way of Bononia (Bologna), noting particularly the ancient

had

university which

was founded,

as he relates,

by Emperor Theo-

dosius and confirmed by Carolus ]\Iagnus;-* passing through

Imola, Faenza (where was to be seen the splendid cathedral in

which Cardinal Rosetti had officiated as bishop), Cesena, Alia Catholica, Pesaro, Fano and Senegallia (where he was about to dip up salt sea-water wath his hat to drink, when an Italian stopped him.motioningtohim to put his finger into the water and lick

it

He

with his tongue).

recalls the

journeyed on to Ancona, where he

famous proverb

"He writes: "auch muste ich mitt ihme [dem Beichtvater] in ein Xonnen Closter gehen alhvo er seine Schwestern besuchte, die verwunderten sich sehr das in Teiitschland die Leute anderst redeten als sie. und das ich ihre spraache nicht konte, sie sendeten mir nachgehends in mein quartier cine gute Schiissel voll von Gewiirtz und Zucker gebackenen Brods." (Itineroriutn, p. 15a.)

" His account runs thus "Kayser Theodosius hat wider die Vniversitat welche Carolus M. und viel Pabste confirmiret, so auch lange Zeitt der massen floriret das die Statt daruon den Nahmen bekommen Bononia Mater studio'^um, und Bononia docet. Nach deme aber ein Gubemator sub Gregorio XIH einen Teutschen studenten, Vmb dai mann zu Xachts Waffen bey ihme gefunden, hatte Wippen lassen, hat sich die gantze Teiitsche Nation zu gleich auffgemacht und die Rempublicam Venetianam ersuchet ihnen einen Orth zu Vffrichtung einer Vniversitat zu assigniren da ihnen dann die Statt Padua eingeraumet worden, welche noch heutiges Tages in flore ist, dargegen das herriiche Collegiu oder Vniversitat zu Bononia fast ganz leer :

gestifftet

:

steheL"

{Itinerarium,

p.

15b.)

-J

,Y7i::j

ffviji;n

rii;

cO

'j::Ai:

:'""'!

;:::/

orr//

.

'"fiidrfii^^'i)

';.':;:);;>

-"

bu^

TIT,:

;;

i,

:'|^tn

-^^

r'v;

'',:»7;

/

".'J

,-;0'j

u.;

^f(-

y.:..'^

Ttiii;-

,

h-'^fT

f;-i

iM

'»frrrf/

tT-/r,

fLi

^' !!•.;•

'

'/

V

-^Ahfv/

1.

i:oinw f>K

A^,;""

*^

n>v A

;:l!'.

^.'-'^i

:^i-ff-:

,^ ,r.^«4

t.

i4/ *"tii *« 1 /

ai^ftvi^b

:

^f foniiJr,

',-

Citrmc't.-''

tjjr^—

.C5V1'1£"

THESAVPtVJVI TH£5AVJ10RVJV1

QV£M

BlLKiO SOLVM* IN avo vivo

ST

""•

M

ixc^fianc

^rJjur-fcnSiJ.

-~uoc'^\\oT}

:u.ir-.-iv!

.y

•.s\,

U-

,rtfmv.'''-5';ii\

I

I

.9if*i43 nixes':

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

i8

lege and recommended me to tlie Rector, Father Antonius Casilius, of the Society of Jesus, who received me kindly and ordered me to be taken care of as a guest for three days by Peter Philipp von Dernbach and Johann Philipp von W'alderndorff, who washed my feet the first evening, and then took their meals with me alone, for three days, engaging me in friendly conversation. On the fourth day I had to take a room to myself but was permitted to appear two weeks in my secular garb, after which they cut off my hair and put a red coat on me, such as the others wore, and I had to live in accordance with the rules which they had taught me these two weeks

Rides of the German CoUege.^^ In the morning early, at break of day, the usual bell gives 1. the signal for rising, dressing, and making the beds, which one must do himself, while the one on duty^^ for the week brings fresh water to the usual place, where each one must go to wash; all of which must be done in half an hour.

After

second signal, for prayer and kneels before his shrine and table, offers his morning prayer, and meditates on the passion, suffering, birth and resurrection of Christ, as the calendar and feast days direct. This prayer and meditation last at the most a quarter of an hour. 2.

this the bell gives the

Each one

religious meditation.

3. Then the bell sounds a third signal, to prepare for the Academic studies, for which there is about half an hour. 4. The fourth signal is given, to go into the Refectorium, or dining room, where each one sits at his accustomed table and partakes of a glass full of good old wine, and four or five rolls, so that one need not go with an empty stomach through the bad air into

the

Roman 5.

College.

Then

the seventy students assemble themselves in the At-

rium or Court, and go two by two into the Jesuit College, each one to his appropriate class, and write what the Professor dictates, discuss, argue and dispute,^^ at certain set periods. The lectures close about ten o'clock in the morning, and the students return home in the same order as they went. 6. They look over at home that which has been dictated, and

"Regulae Collegij Germanici."

° The term used

is

"Wochnei "Wochner," translated here

:

"the

'waiter." er." '

In the original

:

"arguiren, argumentiren

und

disputiren."

one on

duty,'

•jvi

J

:,/•!;:

•::.

y^'^''

'.-3-.4cJ

;^d

;;'j

:

-"^ -

It).'

/.

!^ri:ih

'ill}

)''

!>n[:-:

'isd

.T,

.^T,

"y.n,

Oin^'i ffj^-..

jilj

Ati

''-'•rhi(n:,i\l

;r:>hr-*^

::

odT

V7r[?v3S srl? ayril"

.^

-S

01

.'fli

The Founder of Germantoijn think over against it.

it

to

find out

ig

what doubts or objections can be

raised

this the bell gives the signal to go to the Refectorium midday meal, when they all go together into the ante-chamber of the Refectorium and wash their hands, handing each other 7.

After

for the

the dn,- towel out of politeness. 8.

Then each one goes

to his place at the table,

till

prayer

is

offered by a priest. 9. Then they take their seats in silence, and all the while the one on duty has to read from the rostrum accounts of the Holy

Martyrs as long as they

sit at table.

Each room has a special table and a special one on duty each week as waiter, who brings fresh spring water in the morning for washing, and serves the meals at midday and evening, at times sweeps the rooms, and on Saturday brings each student clean linen from the wardrobe. 11. When the food is served, those on duty have round disks, 10.

\ ;

of the size of a plough wheel, with a raised stem or handle in tlie middle to take hold of. Around this are arranged as many little This platters, or dishes, as there are persons sitting at the table. and table, of middle the over the dishes is held round tray with the each one must take that dish which is directly opposite his place, and must not reach past it to take another.

While they are eating the first course, the waiter goes and brings the second course in the same number of small dishes, holds the tray above the table, and each takes the full dish and sets the empty one on the tray, so that the waiter can take it away; and the same is done with the third course and 12.

into the kitchen

with the postpast, or

fruit.

the drink is somewhat easier, for above the two double rows of steins, one with wine, the other with water. Each student may pour out for himself as often as he wishes, and may mix the water and wine or not, as he wishes. When the wine vessel is empty, the waiter must fill it again. 14. On Fridays and Fast days, there is but one meal, and in the evening a few apples or pears or olives, and a glass of wine. 13.

The serving of

table are

15. When the meal has been finished in silence (for no one is permitted to speak a word aloud with his neighbor), they all stand up at one time and a priest returns thanks. Then they go into tlicir own rooms for half an hour, when they may walk around and talk

in the recreation hall. 16. Then the bell sounds the signal to take up the books again and prepare for school, for the students must appear daily at one

1

-;-

L

/.,'

..:.';«:.

b'

^-,

n;/

-

.''

..J

-:;

-:

•,

i

J-

-i// *>,i;

..^fj;/.'

'>';-*

n:

.11 :>fij

Cjni;

!:,r':

./lif'^ i:

,r

,U.:>/u

srro ;ifO

:;

V

ilil

:^-!:.r.:

1"::.

...-^nh

..

ics"'!

?>;'!

[>'-.

.'vrc; :-

^f

^.E...Cf

-

'^

-

nO

:.'

(')•'

I'jj

Francis Daniel Pastorius

20 o'clock in the with exercises

Roman

College, and remain there for three hours,

and writing

dictation.

At four

o'clock the students go quietly to their rooms again, over their dictation as in the morning, until the bell rings

17.

and go

for supper, which is served in the same way as dinner. After supper the students again have half an hour for recreation and conversation.

Then

the bell rings for evening prayers and spiritual mediall that has been done during the day, whether good or bad. Then each one makes his bed himself, and goes to rest, to await the sound of the bell the next morning. 18.

tation,

and recalling

19. Every Wednesday is a special day for recreation, for walks outside of the city, in the beautiful garden of the College in front of the Porta Populi. in which there are all sorts of games with balls, with the ring, or in the halls on tables, or the students may eat fruit and take their meals in the garden on this day. 20. On Sundays and Feastdays. the seventy Alumni must appear in the church and sing the Horre in the mass, just as the Canonici Regulares, and an Alumnus must preach at appointed times

in

German.

The Hungarian Church, Santo Stephano Rotundo, with is connected with this German College. In it. yearly at

prebends,

Church

Festival,

the

Alumni

its

the are splendidly entertained, receiving

wild boar to eat. The 15th of September, 1644, Innocentius was elected Pope; then we were permitted to go outside the College and to see from the banks of the Tiber the fireworks at night in the Castle of Saint Angelo. Such a splendid display I had never before seen in my life. In like manner we were permitted to witness the Papal procession from St. Peter's to St. John Lateran where we took our position at a certain corner of the street and besought the blessing of the Pope, which he gave us with a smiling countenance. After I had spent three months in this College, and the time of probation was passed, I was expected to take the vow and subscribe to the rules in the same manner as if I wanted to become a priest; but this mode of life was entirely against my nature, and I had no desire for the priestly order. So I asked for dismissal and permission to study law with my brother. ^loreover, I wished to see something [of the world] at the same time, which was impossible in this place of seclusion. Accordingly, I was released, and turned my attention to the study of the law. attending the secular University Alia Sapienza. I went to see all the curiosities and places of amusement, both within and outside of Rome, and also learned the Roman

X

Vj'udG

•(»:k*'->'.t.v.H

.-••'r>r;

,y->-?'.;

vA

:^

•-•-Hii^-^^

„.>^i

.r.cni£.?riiy

.,•..-:::•

:.l:

-;...

}r-.

.;,

-.^

;

T-

ii;

'ir

-

-"

' .

m

'

,,'7

'c^^rdn"iicben Collegii

iir^v'^'^^'^-t^"-

jti.^^cbeit cip.cm -ritihang 5on ^Dcd-Ii'biicbci* D\;r^ ttTfcbart

5lllc9

m

v^awden/

unt)

anDern JpocIuDe*

mit 5fcJf coirgictunb in publicum - ai-geben Ourcb

;

MELCHTOREM ADAM. PASTOR'UM. J.U.DJpcc^t^iftl^rant}cnb.?^arrcuth.*)vabt unD HiHioricum. . ^%., ;j"n 'vDctlegung- t)ef

Auchoris. 1702.

Title Page of M. A. Pastorjus' "Franconia RED1VI\^^

'-:','

.

-',N

;

/;

'''

f

The Founder of Germantoivn

23

and shipped up the river Enns to the City of Enns, where the Enns empties into the Danube. Passing Ipsstein, Grembs. and Komneuburg-, he arrived in Vienna on the 12th of September, and continued his journey on the 15th by way of Fischbach where he met his old fellow-student in the GerBaron de Hedruar, who treated him magnificently and introduced him to a number of magnates and counts, among them Palffi, Xadasti, and Hommonai. September 27th the coronation of Ferdinand IV took place and the Imperial Court returned to Vienna, whither Pastorius also went with Count Hommonai. The Count offered Pastorius the hospitality of his table.

to Pressburg,

man

College,

As torius

the events of the

was warned by

his

war had become more ominous, Pasbrother to return at once to Rome.

Accordingly, on the 20th of November, he

by hackney-coach

to Steier,

left

Vienna, going

and thence by w^ay of Seekirchen

and Sanct Georgen whence the prelate sent him by horseback to the ^Monastery at Salzburg, where he had free entertainment. Here he met again his old friend Ziirletto. Thence he continued his journey to Waidering, Brixen, Bozen, Trient, Verona, Ferrara, Bologna, Loreto, ]Macerata, Tolentino, Foligno, on to

Rome, where he was greeted by

his brother at the

end of De-

cember, 1647.

Here he continued the

Roman

trials

the study of jurisprudence, practicing in

with his brother, and informing himself

in the

details of his brother's cases, particularly in the cases of Philippus

Chnstophorus

of Zoteren,

Elector

the

brother's place in the business.

On

of Trier,

the 26th of April, 164S, his

brother returned to Germany, leaving Melchior in his place as

Resident at

position Melchior

Adam

Rome

taking his

Adam

Pastorius

for the Elector of Trier.

This

held for a period of five months, at the

end of which, on the 12th of September, he left Rome in the company of Bartholomaeus Nagel, M. D., passing by way of Rignano to Otricoli. The next day they went by way of Xarni

and Terni

to Spoleto,

on the 14th by way of Foligno

to Sera-

-.

',"

"

,*"

>•

•>',.'

'-.:oiu !he Cln:rch BooU in Sonimerhausen)

r

^:,/^.,'..r

f

'-'

'

\

,.^

O

o

2L

> c

£ 2

—

« O \0 c o = V ?o

o.

H o

%-^S >^^^.^s

!

i'^S

Q

=5

Hc

»

.T.-'

~'\:

.''H

\v.

f'.'Jirp

'.

in,"

m

>5^:;W-^"^-;-..

^ )!

The Founder of Germanton'n

Her husband, Melchior Adam

-»!

Pastorius, gave public expres-

sion to her virtues in a printed sermon, as

we

learn from her son,

Francis Daniel:"**

"My sd father testifying his sincere & constant affection towards her in a printed Funeral Coment upon the words of Holy Davi'l. r>al. "^T,: V. 2-). & 26. which were in a maher her Svmbolum. Motto or Device, and found according to Martin Luther's Dutch translation verbatim thus: When J have but thee, J care not for Heaven an.l Earth, And though my body & Soul do pine awav, yet art thou. God, always the Comfort of my heart & my Portion. She was a Woman fearing the Lord, and ready to help' the poor and the Sick as much as in her lied, having for that end a small Apothecarv-shop her own house, being herself pretty skilful in Phvsick. &c. J shall say no more of her, whom J lost too early, but 6. years & 6. months

O

m

old."

At

the time

when

Pastorius went to Sommerhausen, Fran-

young son and heir apparent of Count Georg Friedrich of Limpurg, was but twelve years of age, and was under the instruction of tutors. Although Der Limpurgische Ehrensaal*'^ ciscus, the

mentions only one of these tutors, Georg During of Kitzing, a student of theology, it is quite likely that Pastorius had an important part in the

young count's education. Before Franz reached his majority his father, Count Georg Frederich, died, October 5, 1 65 1, and the young count was placed under guardians.

The efficiency of Franz's tutors, ability, was soon to be put to a test.

own native As Count of Limpurg it

as well as his

was

his office to serve as hereditary Imperial Cupbearer at the coronation of the new Emperor, in default of older representatives of the house. In the year 1653 Emperor Ferdinand III. sum-

moned

the Imperial Diet at Regensburg for the coronation of his newly elected successor, Ferdinand IV. As the older representatives of the house of Limpurg, Erasmus and Johann Wilhelm, **Cf. F. D. Pastorius' Genealogical Sketch. **

grahn

From v.

Salomon

an extract kindly furnished me by her Ladyship, Christine ErbRechteren Limpurg, from Der Limpurgische Ehrcnsaal von Gconj Zieglcr,

Limpurg

1739.

;^i:w;:.

-J

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

Z'2

were unable, because of age or

perform the

infirmity, to

office

of

was decided that young Franz, though only sixteen years of age should assume the office. Arriving at Regensburg cupbearer,

it

after a twenty-four hours' ride in a diligence, he

found that the

order had been changed in favor of 'Count Sinzendorff,

in the

made open protest to the assembled knights, was restored to his rightful place and on the Sth of June served as cupbearer at the coronation, and on the 25th of Franz, nothing daunted,

Maase'.

July, in the

same capacity

at the coronation of the

withstanding the fact that he was at

first

Empress. Not-

refused horse, saddle

and armor for the ceremony, he finally obtained his full equipment and returned home with honor and distinction to continue his studies in preparation for the university.

In the autumn of

1655 he entered the then flourishing University of Altdorf,^^ as the following- matriculation will

D. 25, Oct., 1655.

Pincema

haereditarius

show

Franciscus, Earo semperque Liber."

in

In June, 1656, Franz returned home, but

Limpurg,

set

S.

R.

I.

out the follow-

ing September, accompanied by his tutor (Hofmeister) Rudolph

U. D., for France, returning April 26, 1658, to Sommerhausen. On the 27th of October, 1659, he went with one serv^ant to Italy, where he learned the Italian language and Graf,

J.

saw with

his

own

eyes ''des Pabstums Greuelwesen." at Rome.^^

After his return from

Italy, in 1660,

he collected a lar^e library

and assumed the rule of his domains. In 1663 he married Fr, Maria Juliana geb. Grafin von Hohenloh-Langenburg, widow of Johann W'ilhelm of Limpurg-Schmidefeld.

Count Franz

ruled twelve years and died at the early age of thirt>'-six.

vember

'

16,

1673.

Near Niirnberg.

Cf. Georg Andreas Andi Wills, Gcschichtc und Beschreibiing der gischen en Universitdt Universit'dt Altdorf. A Altdorf, 1795, P- 244. *'

'

No-

Pastorius has left us a touching tribute to

Cf.

Der Limpurgische Ehrcnsaal,

I.e.

Kurnbcr-

'

w:3"-o

^r.

•

'.T' *•;:':

'^''f'-yi

:>:;ris

;;;i'!-'j

-

,

Xi-.'i'j-^i

Hi

j]^w

-'inirf

'•'-

owv.

r/'

vri-.ii'.i >;/;

.?rdi

,0i

." 'i;-

?^5

....,


'%..

*'"

-

.'•^r^-o-j.-

^*-

,.

t'

...

\

:

:

!

.

The Founder of GermantO'wn Count Georg Friedrich, both

The

first

four of the

German

personal appearance:

"Ob So

German and Latin

in

33 verses.'"'

verses give a portrait of the count's .

v

.

.,

^

,

.

,

....-,

zwar uon Gestalt was scharff bin anzusehen

ich

Soldaten Stand so pfleget herzugehen Bin ich doch im Gemiith der Demuth zugethan Vnd hat bey mir Gehor, so Klein als Grosser Mann."

in

:

The Latin the Count,

own

loss in the death of

Georg Friedrich

"O _ji

verses bespeak Pastorius'

_

O

quantus mihi Fautor obit

!

quantusque Patronus

Protector Patriae dum Fridericus obit mea pars animse, meus Vltor, et Altor opimus Dum mea mens super est, Te super astra feret."

Also for the young Count Franz, Pastorius had a following verses will show

like affec-

tion, as the

"Quantum

inimica Patris Fridridi Fata dolorem Moestitiamque animo contribuere meo Tantam Isetitiam de Te Francisce recepi Qui meus et Patriae factus es ipse Parens Intrepidus Patriae Patrem tunc sicce precabor Da ius, Da requiem Da populogue Cibum."

'

Notwithstanding the departure of Count Franz for the university

and

his

Pastorius in for in 1655,

long journeys to France and

Italy, the position of

Sommerhausen must have promised permanency, the year of the young Count's departure for the uni-

he built a substantial house in Sommerhausen, which is standing (1903) in a good state of preservation. The in-

versity, still

on the datestone, not at the corner of the house but at the left of the front door, rims thus ^ scription

:

"Cf. Itinerarium,

The author

p.

50b and

p.

5ia-b.

indebted to the present (1903) occupant of the house for the privilege of examining the interior and of having the house and datestone photographed, and to Lehrer Friedrich Gutmann and his son, of Somis

merhausen, for assistance.

!

'-

,J

.;-;- V". .r

-;'t l;.a1

1

.'-"jVI

.iO'?>.

-'.71 {•tot-..i.r:iVf

il- -•

:

-i.-'Urr/LiO

t;../r.

'>

,MO^?-:!rI

''^

.

:.;

t

;:;;:nb''

'liu-rcy':.

,:',;-.]

'r

_ :

,.

.

. "•^i

.;

'^ :

:..;;•.-,=?

..^

,--1

;^

:.'^::-'-

:

•:

i5;-;;L;U, .jr^-^hizHf

^

v^^•rit^^

'iiiiir:?;:!! r.;

y>lil

i

i

V,orl:)f, ^nf-^

bin:.

f^'V".-:'

t"

•'•;'-

'••

'o

•' '

:-:•'';

.r:-

:.••-'

.'>:':

•:

"^^

,:'-;.

^''-^

-^

"'

"

-j'^i-^

,%jiY'c/''i

.it,-''' -r..-.:';..- v-,.„r{

'-..1

K-^-'.^i'R

"

1../. 111.

f

kid

o*,

Wi>I*'r'il

}

|

The Founder of GermantozL'n with ing

whom poem

he had closest association

entitled:

s.

•:

v,,

,

,

may

37

be seen in the follow-

,,,,,..

"Salve Windsheminm.

'!

' ;

clamat pius Aduena Pastor

:

•

,

•

''-v..':

"' '

( :ducturus in Vrbe maritam:) Inueni Patres prxpositos Patriae Mercklinus turn Prnstor erat. Ramminger et Eisen Cum Xeuber Consul Stelhvagiusque simul Postmodo Knor. Kilian, \'itus, Keget, atque loachim Seufferlin, Strampffer, lann \'ogel, atque Xagel. Dienst, Mercklein, Vogel et Stelhvag, Zinck, Scheller Idolu

Hi

sunt, quos veniens

Mercklein

cum Weyknecht, Neuber, Egoque

simul.

"^'^

Pastorius' honors followed in quick succession from "Con-

and membership in the "Aeusserer Rath" to ''^Aelterer and "Oberrichter," as the following calendar drawn from the records of Windsheim will show: 1659, August I, took oath of citizenship as "Consulent." 1 66 1, September 30, elected member of the "Aeusserer sulent"

Biirgermeister"

Rath." 1670, September 27, elected Elder Burgomaster.'^ 1670, September 29,

made Auditor of Church Accounts and

Landassessor.'^ 1

67 1,

1681,

;

October

made

17,

made "Wassergraf."

,

*'*'

Director of the Hospital.^°^

"* Cf. Itinerarium,

p. 6ia.

"The

Chronica IVindsheimensis (Bd. II. p. 133) has the following entry for September, 1670: "Dienstag den 27 ist. Herr Melchior Adam Pastorius J. U. D. zum altern Biirgermeister erwehlet worden." *Cf. Chronica IVindsheimensis (II. 138). Sept. 29, 1670: "Den 29 sind Herr Simon Sigmund Xagel und Herr Otto Kunz Feuerstatt, wie auch der Ictztere Baubesichtiger und nebst Herm Johann Georg Miiller Caspar Merklein, Siebner Herr Georg Miiller Wiirzschauer und Herr Biirgermeister Pastorius Gotteshaus Rechnungs-abhorer und Landsteurer worden." "Cf. Chronica IVindsheimensis (II. 163), October. 1671 "Herr Biirgcrmeister Pastorius und Herr Andreas Strampfer Wassergrafen." "a In his letter to his grandsons, M. A. Pastorius gives a list of 23 differ:

ent offices

and

capacities

Beschreibung, pp. 118-II9).

in

which he served the

city of

Windsheim

(cf.

;,r...^'-ir;-\

:'-'

•n'^'

'

-^

:.;;-

n.ijri-

;'.;i'.'

::

,

:

''

'Ft'-

-rt'^-:-:

"''".

,.-:-n

Herm

solle, tiberlassen

werden."

"Cf. Chronica IVindsheimensis

ill. 616),

November, 1695: "Dep r_sind

Ober-Richtern Pastorio die biszhero von Ihm usufructuane m Besitz gehabte ode Hofraith beym Zeughaus. gegen die offerierte Au£bauung einea Hausleins, aigenthiimlich cediret worden."

Herm

•*

'

ir;";: .

;-i

.

'111 .

•„

I-

'

^

"

" -

,.

:r.:

-i;r.o-i^.'i

'-7^1

,.'

f.

:..

r:''

.Hi

':•

'(.

..

''Uin

Francis Daniel Pastorius

40

The

last

years of Melchior

were fraught with domestic friction

us

and forced him

to

Adam

troubles,

change

which

local, social

made by

his wife

and religious

finally led to official

his residence.

The account given in the Chronica to read much between the lines. In

dence of

Windsheim

Pastorius in

IVindsheimefisis ^^ allows the

cabal.

first

place

The

first

we

see evi-

mistake was

Dorothea Esther (Volckmann) when she

cir-

culated pasquils and induced her husband to interfere in the religious affairs of

Windsheim, for which he paid severe and

The

humiliating penalty.

over into city

politics,

three score years and ten, It is in

social-religious strife naturally passed

and Pastorius, now advanced beyond

was unable

to

make aggressive

his

defense.

a word another illustration of the danger of female squab-

and corroborates the adage, "Cherchez la femme." The result of this unpleasantness and humiliation was that Pastorius squared his account with a looo reichsthaler and moved away from Windsheim. going first to Neustadt-on-theAisch, and thence to Niirnberg. Here he took up his residence bles

in

a small

villa outside of the city wall, in front of the

New

Gate,

belonging to the Marquis of Brandenburg.®^ His two daughters®^

married and lived in Nurnberg during the Pastorius died in this

life.

villa,

last

February

four years of his

4, 1702, at the ripe

age of jy years. He lies buried in the old St. Johannes Kirchhof, in Nurnberg, between the chapel and the nearest gate, in a place described locally as

"Ta man

where the funeral sermon

is

predigt"

preached).

(Wo man The grave

predigt, is

i.

e.,

marked by

" Cf. Chronica Windsheimensls, October 1-28, 1696. Christian Wilhelm Schirmer in his Geschichte Windsheims und seiner Nachbarorte (Xiimberg, Riege in Wiessne 1848) says simply that Pastorius

moved

to Niirnberg '"wegen Verdriesslichkeiten mit dem hiesigen Rath." Schirmer's statement that Pastorius first met his wife, Eva Margaretha Gelchsheimer, at her father's funeral is incorrect. Dr. Gelchsheimer died May 3, 1659, nearly a year after Margaretha married Pastorius (Feb. 9, 165S). **

Cf. F. D. Pastorius' Genealogical Sketch.

"Anna

Catharina, who married Matthias Wehrseim, Secretary of Nurnberg, December 6, 1698, and Margaretha Barbara, who married the same day Georg Richard Hammer, J. U. D., of Niirnberg (F. D. Pastorius' Genealogical Sketch).

W

:-y

.'

'".i

I

b;>-;

„•

ViJf;

-

•

-

fC

f

f

-

-

r

::^

i

ft

i

I ?

ii

i

5

lu

\

\

JR

»

;:'"

-;>::;:-

.

'

'M-'

^*

'

.':•'-

''-•

''

-'^

0J:.':>1

1*^

':'Ai>^.'jVj :j;.£

"J'^

'

'.T

'"V^J-'

^t^

l-^G

'-.•'.;

-:''.:;;:

'I'/.

:/{

^

rr-f

_

M-

.Tr''i;7jjr':,:q'.r:

v,-r

.„

:

n'lrno;

,j

iA\;jv>.'..'A

G

.

T^.^f'^l';'^''-^'

;;r!

iii*!)':'

^!

fi:)tn^r/

-jri-i^.UrtQ

*->

^^.-.-'.'-.OD

v.,;.

j

,..

-ihWm^J'V.K .ID

.:i^

:-

»

!>«»»

C O

\ ^

S c x

i^rom

si.'

{

COLLKCTUS

i:

M

St

i

\»«iT»ri« Ax»tor:;.;

*

t S

f

1

C A

i"

L S

AH

e

3SU i.riiiORK ^n \\(o

C w>.

.v;i.k

At S•, r ••

'

.

^

>Hia

i

.i.i...,kN

f.

I

.^

t

t

Title Page of Melchior Adam Pastorius' " Fasciculls Ryth.morum ".

I

t.^jf

ii.t«''

82-?i**^

1

)'.•

u

-. .

^AJ

..,!'

The Founder of Germantown

A

rhymes.

43

short specimen will suffice to illustrate the character

of the poem."''

Kurtze

3.

berg

This

from

its

.

Eeschreibung

|

Samt

I

|

Des H. R. Reichs Stadt

Dero

vielfaltigen Ungliicks-Fallen, 1692.'^

I

.

is

.

.

|

Windsheim,

|

.

.

.

a succinct account of the imperial city of Windsheim

own

earliest beginning- to the author's

time, giving a

of the Burgomasters and other high officials of the

list

the Archives of the city of this

work, which

now found

Xiirn-

Windsheim

there

in the printed book.

In

This manuscript"^* bears the

work

book by a period of twenty-two years.

was

city.

a manuscript of

evidently the original draft of the matter

is

date of 1670, thus showing that the

that Pastorius

is

antedates the printed

was

It

in the

year 1670

elected Elder Burgomaster, Auditor of

Accounts, and "Landassessor."

The work

is

Church

thus an evidence

of his growing interest in the affairs of the city of Windsheim. 4.

Franconia Rediviva Das ist: Des Hochloblichen Franckischen Craises BeSo wohl Genealogische, als Historische schreibung, in welcher enthalten :}....} Alles mit Fleisz colligirt und in publicum ^IeIchiorem Adam. gegeben durch Pastorium, J. U. D. Hochfiirstl. Brandenb. Bayreuth. Raht I. und Historicum. In Verlegung desz Authoris. 1702. |

[

|

j

\

|

[

|

]

\

|

]

In the Chronica IVindsheunensis"'

was printed

in

we

read that this book

Schwabach, but was confiscated by the censor,

""Ach HErr und GOtt. Wie ich hier steck

Sih an die Noth in Siinden Roth, Mich amies Kind Sehr quilt die Sund Die ich im Gwissen starck emptind."

" Cf. the photographic facsimile for "* Cf. the photographic facsimile.

full title.

"Cf. Chronica IVindsheimensls. October 1-28, 1696: "In Number? hat Er dem franckn. Grays, unterm Prsdicat alsz Hoch Fiirstl brandenburgr Rath und Historicus einen Tractat sub Titulo: Franconia rediviva: Den er zu Schwabach drucken lassen, dedicirt: Dieses Opus, worinnen allcr w.nd?heimische Unterthanen und geistliche Vorfalle, wieder seinem auszgcstcllten Revers public gemachet ist von Craysseswegen conrisciret worden."

I

[i

idi

...

':

..a.-'V.

''5i;".^?;iii!

i

•

.1

;m

-

T'

,•

5r',

t

'1

'.>»

3j'

>.:--ii;

r-

"

;-^-v

r.-i-\A

i

Jn-:f:;3

V;.j

•If!

J

r^oii -:;,iti'

bri'ii

;'

.i

-n: -7.^

.

;

;?

j

'^fi-.;

Francis Daniel Pastorius

44

because Pastorius had

made

use of the

"Hochfiirstl branden-

title

burghr Rath und Historicus."'-^ In this statement we see traces of the old trouble in Windsheim. The extant copies of the book bear the press mark of 1702, and make no mention of Schwabach as the place of printing. It seems doubtful that there was If the extant edition

an earlier printed edition of the work. is

the

same

as that

which was confiscated,

who made

the Secretary,

it

must be

the entry in the Chronica IVindshei-

maisis, seems never to have read the work, as

it

reflecting

on Windsheim are to be sought either Begebenheiten

Merckwiirdige

"Einige

is

difficult to

The passages

find such objectionable passages as he mentions.

entitled

said that

in the chapter in

der

Stadt

Windsheim." or in the rather strong statement touching the decadence of the

which the author tucked away

city,

'Won Einigung und

chapter entitled

Biindnussen."

much

"Alerckwijrdige Begebenheiten" are of the troubles in

be considered.

in

the

The few

earlier date than

Windsheim and for the most part too trivial to The passage referring to the decline of Winds-

heim runs thus:

^.*-T'

"""

r

' .

•

'.."•'

~

aus diesen und noch vielmehr dergleichen Begegnussen ist, worum diese alte Reichs-Stadt in eine solche fast unbeschreibliche Decadentz gerathen ist, woraus sie sich in "^ einem gantzen Seculo schwerlich wieder schwingen wird."

"Und

leicht

abzumercken

It is

in

evident from the context, however, that Pastorius has

mind here

the

damage done by

the Thirty Years'

War, and

does not intend the slightest reflection upon the Windsheimers of

1

690- 1 700.

It

of 1702 has his

must be noted too title,

that the Franconia Rediviva

"Hochfiirstl. Brandenb.

Bayreuth. Rath

und Hirtoricum." on the title page. Hence we are inclined to look critically upon the rather severe account of the Chronica "a Melchior

Adam

of using the Familie Pastor, p. 8). privilege

Pastorius made application, in 1697, for the Imperial title: "Historicus et Comitis Palatini" (cf. Macco,

" Cf. Franconia Rediviva,

p. 339.

:''7

;.f

.^^-,

--J

r',

C)

>Lugno:;

< lijbJiV-

v{p;^.\:''j

orb H'

fin

rj

j.;:-;^'':'-:

.•jM?^*,^

>J

-rv.

:-''';;'^

sb,m

-!.

l-'t'^Jar

iorr

-;-i-,r--/'/

^func

.51

'.':t^:^•JM^•.'v

.1

J

?^^ob

„

;

nr ).«.

^ ^OKNA

j.UJ'iU'

f"--^

civiTATlf inP:

y'-.-ifrr^CK^C-/- c^i.'U'/

'''^

0/7

O

"^Trry-^

/^

l -

^tVt/-.

U

^- >-

i

?r-.-^

Title Page. Original

Fomi

ol Pastorits'

«>

.\Y—

— Manlsckipt.

"Kuitze Beschreibung"

Published

in 1692.

of

Windshcim.

f

.

'

'

C

S

f

.-«•

*4>

'.,-[,

r ^ t

The Itinerarium and Prognosticon were bought by Dr. Joseph G. Rosengarten, of Philadelphia. The Liber Intimissimus came to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

'*The verses following the photographic reproduction.

title

on the same page may be seen

in

the

'.UMvV.

j-\,

;

V:

i

r;

;,.':

m:

';»V

S

:

'-J

fO

I.

* >

A :m

;-,!^!/!

i>t,--

1

.;;!,!.!

'. -fr ;

.-^i-yii^i' fM:i::iQ'-:

.iiu:J3i;i.'07q:'T

iwi^j-. ijt>J0..sJ

Francis Daniel Pastorius

46 times.

page.

The blank leaf has some records of The first numbered leaf contains the

with verses on

title

Leaves 2-5 contain a description of the

both pages.

"Kurtze

Erfurt:

births on the front

Beschreibung

der

6-7 treating of the Jesuits are torn out.

of

city

Leaves

Erfurtt."

Statt

Leaves 1048 give a

and long journeys, interspersed with anagrams on his friends and acquaintances. The rest of the volume, leaves 49-243, is taken up with anagrams on members of the Pastorius family and historical personages and with description of Pastorius' studies

biographical notes.

2.

Prognosticon

Sine

[

|

Calendarium Perpetuum

|

De Anni

quali-

tate et futuris Temporibus."^

This manuscript contains 406 leaves, In addition to the prognostical part

blank.

the book contains a great

many

of which are

in the first

22 pages,

amount of matter too miscellaneous

to describe in detail, such as proverbs, a dictionary- of

common

places in Latin verses, national characteristics, Aesopian

wisdom,

rh>Tne dictionar>', generation of plants, and the last part of the

book

in

German,

entitled

:

"Schatz-Kammer

^lelchioris

Adami

Pastorii."

3.

Liber

|

Intimiss

|

imvs

Omnivm

Thesavrvm Thesavrorvm

j

Jesvm

\

Semper Mecvm I

Quem

|

Continens

Diligo Solvm.

|

j

in

et in qvo moriar Melchior Adam Pastorivs. ego C. jNatione Erffurtensis. Vocatione Consul senior et Praetor Windsheimensis. Aedilis Scholarcha et Xenodochij Sancti Spiritus Administrator. Scripsi hunc Libellum Anno Christi 1697 et finiui 7. lunij, 1701.

qvo vivo

I

|

|

I

I.

|

|

I

This volume

is

devoted largely to poetic reflections and

confessions growing out of the troubles of the last years of

The rest of the title page is ing to the calendar and seasons.

filled

with Latin verse and prose

relat-

J:^o^

10

v^ij

•'iil*

:_'

rjcr-;;

.>;::

S>e^ Sp^dl

Dtctif)^

eta'Ot

iiiiD^letm/ Same

©ero unD

t^ielfalttgen Unglucfg.^SdGfer:/

traf)t:f>afftigen Urfaci)c:i ihi-crfc quof^

fen

Dccaden,

unt:i

(Jcbarmun^^

a^ui*:^

2iU3 •?((tcn

glaubtriirbiiicn

^viefflicben UrfunDc;] 5^uraffr/

unD

(

:i^?ro

Documentis unb bcr H:0 (cbcnDen licben

'y^acbfcmmen

/

;u Qutcs

Melchiorem Adamuni Paflorium, tern

m bcfagter v^raDr,

©ebaicft

?»u

97iirnber^

Title Page of M. A. Pastorils' " Windsheim."

.

:m -^"

*

(:.

)-.

^t,\

Uc

^rfi]

^'

k-n

:

The Founder of Gennantown the author's

life,

interspersed with autobiographical and personal

notes, such as his last will

and

preparation

his

religious, is

47

and testament,

for death.

The

his spiritual epitaph

poems are deeply

lyric

and much of the book has an eschatological

an interesting exception

rhymes, the best of which

"Demuth

Wer

,-

may

AIs

There

serve as a specimen

bringt vns zu ehren

sich nidrig halt zur

Wird uon Gott

Wo

tone.

in the case of a collection of proverbial

Erden

erhohet werden.

Adam

hackt und Eua spann, war damals der Edelmann?

AIs lacob hiith des Labans SchafT, war damals Baron und Graff?

Wo

AIs Abraham gieng aus seim Land, Erhub ihn Gott zum Hohen Stand. Vnd als sein Glaube ward bewehrt, Gab er durch jhn das Heyl der Erd."

The

details of this chapter on the ancestors, and paron Melchior Adam Pastorius, will form an important background for the life and works of Francis Daniel Pastorius

ticularly

in the following chapters.

The following copperplate M. A. Pastorius

prints of the following

of books by

title

pages

are found pasted into the Liber

Intimissiinus (whether the books were printed or not has not been

ascertained)

:

Melchioris Adami Pastorii Amorosa Divina Der Dast ist von JESU geliebten u. JESUM verliebten seelen Innerliches und vertrauliches Gesprache. |

|

[

|

|

Melchioris Adami Pastorii Ars Moriendi oder Schatzkaifier der Klugheit Einsten Frolich von dieser Welt ab zuscheiden. |

|

|

[

|

Melchioris Adami Pastorii Meditatio. De Extremo Judicio. oder Betrachtung der Letzten Rechenschafft von einem jeden Unniitzen worte. |

I

I

|

|

;V>Sv,!,

-i^V^-r.

I.:*

\

J

Tilt'-U'v

V

'-r^

/CO

lr-0-;:-|

-i-^.:

7;;;;

-3"T->v;"'

.^r;

>i

.oH

:,i;^r

ij

'

r„I

j.;:!

:,

Siv'

,.

^

ton

-rfjvi'-I

'

jr.

^>|-:o-'-

L^)!;?-"-: ::>l3v^

!

n'j'iy*?

it

'-li uii' uni ^^t

"riood

'^:il

hntJO-r^^ad

le-rlJ^rfw) ^UV('a?.hv;:'i\\.

nov

=

ai'./nr

rr'i.-!

ia _.:;/-

Mf?7

hnrr

•ho

!

Francis Daniel Pastorius

48

LIBRI MELCHIORIS

ADAMI PASTORIJ MANUSCRIPTI. In Folio.

Historia Vniversalis et Pontificum Vitae. Loci Communes Bibliorum. In fol. Veritas una sola et simplex. In fol. Annotata super Struuium. In fol. Oeconomia Alelchioris A. P. In fol.

In

fol.

In Quarto. 6. 7-

8.

9-

10. II. 12.

Communes ex Corpore luris. Compendium Postillae Lutheri. Loci

Controversias Fidei.

Alphabetum Poeticum. Icones Mortis et alia Emblemata. loannis Tauleri notabilia dicta. Aquila Imperij.

In Octavo. 13.

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

20.

21. 22.

23.

Icones Bibliorum \'eteris Testamenti. Icones Bibliorum Xoui Testamenti. Icones super Epistolas Petri, Pauli, etc. Alphabetum Biblicum. Loci Communes. Postilla manuscripta Omnium Prima. Postilla manuscripta Secunda. Postilla manuscripta Tertia impressa. Bibel Bilder Veteris et Noui Testam. Schola amoris diuini. Gebet Buch das Erste unter alien.

Memoriale Biblicum. und Communion Buech. Vermehrtes Beicht Buch.

24. Beicht

25. 26. Casus Conscientise.

27. Aller Kiinste Kunst. 28. Sacra Carmina. 29.

Memoria Studiorum.

30.

Quod

libitum sentent.

31. Policeij Beschreibung-. ^2.

Entraden Beschreibung-.

33. Franckisch Crais Recess.

34.

Instrumentum Pacis. Bedencken. Bibliorum Compendium,

35. Rechtliche 36.

i

.;ij

..',•

-1

ij;;i.\.

V'-.

1

'-;

'vifi

/

.jiii'33::vr

ic-Jff

.•.jU'i

^

3;

V J. SZj,

-•>

^^-^aia^^

.-JQSw'

^

.

The Founder of Germantown 37. Biblion Icones et Comp. Omnia In oi [ ?] aliquid.

.

38.

39.

40. 41. 42. 43.

49

Evangelistar Cocordatia. Vita lESV Christi. Historia Universalis. Lebens Lauff jNI. A. P. Intimissimus omnium.

.

44. Carmina in Amicos. 45. Curiosa Mundi. 46. Titular Buch.

47. Process Buch. 48. Tiirckisch Buch. 49. Historica Nouellen. 50. Monetae valor. 51. Amorosa Diuina. 52. Morituri Preces. 53.

Vade mecum.

54.

Vanitas Mundi. Eremitorium.

55.

56. Italije Descriptio. 57. Reis Beschreibung

M. A.

P.

58. Icones Mortis.

In Duodecimo.

•>-

-

•

59. Poesis Artificiosa. 60. Matricula Imperij.

61.

Amorosa Diuina.

62. Liebes iibung. 63.

Compendium

64. Process 65. 66.

67. 68.

Buech.

'

,

r;'

De Regno Galliae. De Religione. De Alchimia. Stamm Biichlein.

69. Filij 70.

'

luris.

De

Gebet Buch.

Maleficis.

Nutzliche Biichlein: Thomae de Kempis Vnterricht uon der Nachfolsn^ing Christi per loannem Olearium. Gedancken von der Ewigkeit des Herren de la Serre Durch M. Petrum Sartorium. Franckfurtt, 1684.'^

Cf. Liber Intimissimus (last leaf).

''

.i.*''->U'

1

.•;:;

>

[i--^

ti;'";

'^no'-r..

ri. np.t'-'^'ivr'v

fs.

:^'

n.:rno;^

'

'/*•'

'^

h3T2

.*:;;.

•n-js^

onn

tjoi.^

iiur

i;.f!;S: -jru

n:

-r'.'^b

ti-UOix.'-

\'it\A

»

^

^

-4 ^'

1

I

^ '^)^>-^^i>??V-:^W^'^ ••

'

•

L •-.Ji

•*.»'.-

*.

V-.v

"•

"'•

-^i-' '1.^

?\'-vrf '5 ...-;' 'XT' T-v--r~-^t^-vr^'

^,

•-««!>•

f'

i\''"

.ri '.i;

-y

'

\ 'fi.^/

'^.-,

X^.: ,41

;

-^

:

:

The Founder of GermantoiL'n

51

In Sommerhausen.

Sommerhausen, in which Pastorius was born September 26, 165 1, Hes on the right bank of the Main some eight miles above Wiirzburg and opposite the twin town of Winterhausen, situated on the left bank of the Main. The beautiful valley of the Main with its gentle slopes and fertile meadows early attracted the eyes of Alemanni, Bajuvarii, Romans. Goths,

The town

of

Huns and Franks, and became

a fruitful part of the Agri Dccu-

mates of the Romans, the primeval forests yielding submissively to the inroads of Roman agriculture. It was in this sunny region, too, that St. Kilian heralded the gospel a generation before St.

Boniface, the Apostle of the Germans, stretched out his organizing hand over the hills of Franconia and Thuringia, and Boniface's

kinswoman, the Anglo-Saxon nun Liobg>-tha, planted the

nrst

for girls at Bischofsheim-on-the-Tauber. In the course of time the region came under the episcopal administration centred at Wiirzburg, a thriving city on a great European thor-

German convent

oughfare^ whose bishop attained the rank of an

ecclesiastical

prince, with the outlying towns, like Sommerhausen and Winter-

hausen, as his tributaries.

How from

learn

Sommerhausen appeared his father

in the time of Pastorius

Adam

Melchior

we

Pastorius

"Sommerhausen, a beautiful spot on the Main opposite Winterhausen, belongs to the Hereditary Cupbearers and Semper Free [Counts] of Limpurg. but they have it as a fief ['Mann-Lehen'] of It has a baronial house and_ beautiful the Bishop of Wiirzburg. church, also wine vaults and bailif, pure water and a specially good growth of vineyards and productive fruit trees."-^

A

corresponding picture

is

given of Winterhausen in the

same period "Winterhausen quite a large place, but without the privilege of a market, belongs to the Hereditary Cupbearers and Semper Free 'Translated from the P-

431-

German

of

M. A.

Pastorius' Franconia Redizr.va,

.

;o

, //

;i'j

:•'

,-••/..'/•

/

;:

;-

-;.-In^"f.'i:r.;

"I

;.'

:'^0£'j::.: •>'''

t;^Tr

i

."

:'

ii:-^

^'.^:;"i'V^

'/..ii

;'.::•-;«,

'•-';v,v

?.!,

.;:?.

./

:

.,

.i!;,.'^

;;'/ 'jr"

.'!;/.=

-V.--

'

/ i.:

v,

;i

:;.;>

;,v£

'Vj.i

-^nzi

-.:;

y.'::

rfji 7/

nisi'.

rir::

3'ii

'.;-:

b-

i^rii

.:;..;

;'.'

n

-t;

^

:::'".

b'^nj:;.^

,:-'h'3rnTrio2 o:';;

H:;'':

.

-nv/LJ

...-[

:;

•.,

-^i-

i

i»-v

:v

'

:

^'1

ro

.',

'jri^

,.

.... .vijno ^H:f

jr:;

2G

.o-^ri

3

i

'

,nt)i5jsri

w'^H

j

.'

.

-

,r

f

t^v.-. i-^

'l'T. "'/•-:.

:

',::>

.00^

;!. :.;r^{r^iji:no^.

;•

:•

J^

•

"i'l-'W

\-.-

•

I

rif

-

_

T

•

7

T T

f

"

-

'-i

r;>

n-iJ

,t:.

;!ir'-

:..

-oil

:i

^^^K:;:-.;^

f-rn

i

,S

fso-rj;0 h'o -jdT

.Xi'?!i:rfirh3fl:rT-

J

.{

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

54

and remained a benediction to him till the end of his days. The other event was of a more trifling nature, but interesting because it reflects the fondness which the young Baron Franciscus, his godfather, cherished for him.

own

Pastorius in his later years in

The account

words, which

is

here given by

reflect the pietistic spirit of his

Germantown:

"At the Removal of my Father from Somerhausen to Winsheim the sd Semperfrey [Franciscus] clothed me in red Scarlet, giving me also a little Sword, a hat with three plumes of feathers & a pair of white boots, &c. making a fool of me, even in my tenderest years."^^

In Windsheim.

The removal from Sommerhausen to the imperial city of Windsheim in 1658 was an event of great significance in the life of young Pastorius. While Sommerhausen as a tributary of the Archbishop of Wiirzburg and the residence of the Count of Limpurg was a town of great provincial importance, Windsheim was a strongly fortified walled city of the empire with special chartered privileges and dignities and in close touch with the affairs of the empire.^-

Windsheim

is

situated

on the Aisch and

is

dating from the time of Emperor Honorius.

a very ancient It

was

city,

laid out

Windegastus, Privy Councillor of King Pharamundus

I.

by

in the

aftor

According to Sigebertus Gemblacensis^^ it was named Windegastus and meant "Windegastsheim." Melchior

Adam

Pastorius relates that in his time the following- verses were

year 422.

still

to be read

on the wall of the central room of the old Rathaus

" Cf. Beehive,

p. 222.

"Cf. M. A. Pastorius, Kurtze Beschreibung Des H. R. Reichs Stadt Windsheim, and also in later more condensed form Franconia Rediviva in the chapter entitled "Chronica Des H. Rom. Reichs Stadt Windsheim," pp. 315-340.

" CI

his

Chronographia,

fol.

492.

*"ttoro'tA'Zl srrf

.u.^

,

sr.s .0 ,t»«Vs\*--?k .13

iJ

'»

"

,.

/

>r*.!l'-2)2>A-

:

:

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

58 able to speak

German

fluently,

forced his pupils to converse in

In his Genealogical Sketch Pastorius gives the following

Latin.

account of his study

in this

G}Tnnasium

& mostly twenty or Baronets &. noble mens Children for Schoolfellows, there being then an excellent Rector of the Gymnasium, by name Tobias Schumberg, a Hungarian by birth, who could speak almost no Dutch [German], so that it was not allow'd to use any other Language but the Latin, &c."^^ "Jn W'insheim J had a good Schooling,

more young

It

Earls,

has not been exactly determined

Rector of the

G^-mnasium

at

Pastorius gives the following

"1656 16 1681

As we

list

when Schumberg became

Windsheim.

]Melchior

Adam

of the Rectors for this period

Wolffgang Gilg Tobias Schumberg Daniel Caspar Jacobi."20 ^r. Joh.

see, the first date

of Schumberg

Rector Schumberg was evidently a

is

left blank.

brilliant Latinist of the

Humanist type and an important character in the history' of the Windsheim Gymnasium. ]^Ielchior Adam Pastorius, the father of Francis Daniel, and Scholarch of Windsheim, devoted the following significant Latin anagrams and an acrostic to the late

Rector "Tobias Schvmbergivs.-^

anagramma HIC SVBSISTAM VRGEBO. Salue Windshemium, salue pia Curia, salue Cum Templo \'erbum. cumque Schola artis opus. Gressu hie subsistam post deuia longa uiarum Hocque Opus vrgebo sicce volente Deo. Intrepidus faciam quse Recta, sed impia pellam Gnarus amare Bonos et reprobare }*Ialos."' " Cf. Beehive,

p.

222.

"Cf. Kurtze Beschreibung Des H. R. Rcichs Stadt JVindsheim, **

Cf. Itinerarium, p. 70b.

p. II.

..';, fi'

;o

v'.

.;•'

'

:'.:>;

.:

,i

i^drrrc/'i:^

l-

J3:'^

;'

;.

.

^^..

'

,rac:

.>i

-'^^pja

3.;

J-.;-

?;udib32

'

Francis Daniel Pastorius

6o

subrisit, quoties Pater Hancce reuisit Pertixitque oculis carda [ ?] paterna suis Tolibus at cunctis docuit nos ordine punctis Quod nihil hacce domo stabile gestet Homo Omnis in hoc aeuo spes est plenissima nasuo.

Blandaque

— Spinis formosje cinctaque forma Rosae Et breuis est Risus, prius euolat quam bene visus Per momenta Oculus clauditur ipse tuus.


;r,"-T

iir^'.

'I-

'-

:.,,;.

^--'-1

5i:,r-

I

ui'-i

.mm^:-

^.

:

(\2

The Founder of Germantown

6i

Quos honorant & adorant Cardinales supplices. Quid periti? Eruditi sunt Doctores Artium, Quid sunt Harum. vel Illarum studiosi partium? Ubi truces Belli Duces? Capita militiae? Quos accendit & defendit rabies savitise. Tot & tanti. quanti quanti, umbra sunt & vanitas, Omne Horum nam Decorum brevis est inanitas. Qui vixerunt, abierunt. restant sola Nomina, Tanquam stata atque rata nostrce sortis Omina.

••

..

•

'

:

[

i

'

:».).;

' ;

^

'

r Pi

i

or>-

..

These Latin poems to Schumberg are introduced here to suggest the Latin atmosphere of the Gymnasium of Windsheim in

which Pastorius acquired

his preparation for the university.

Pastorius dedicated to his old preceptor Schumberg his

first

book

bearing an American imprint, entitled Vier kleine Doch ungemeine Und sehr nutzliche * * * * Germanopoli Anno Christi ^I.DC.XC.=« I

1

1

Tractatlein I

|

"That this Latin epistle attracted attention among mans in .\merica even after his death, is seen from

Pastorius' fellow Gera copy of the major

part of the letter found written in David Schultze's copy of Christoph Sauer s Fenny1756, now in the possession of Ex-Governor Samuel W. packer, who kindly permitted the writer to compare the text with the onsmal print. The copy was evidently made from the Beschreibun^, as it agrees, as far as copied, with the print, except that the Schultze copy has "Preceptorem" in the title. Two MS. copies of this poem are extant, one in F. D. P., the other m the Beehive. The F. D. P. copy exhibits very considerable variants, and seems to

Calendar for ,

t r I

I \

L f f

:.

_

Mox sequentur, & labentur velut Schema speculi. Et dum mersi universi sunt in mortis gremium, Vel Infernum, vel aeternum sunt capturi premium. Hincce Dei jesv mei invoco Clementiam, Vt Is sursum, cordis cursum ducat ad Essentiarn,^ Trinitatis, quae Beatis summam dat Lsetitiam.'"-"

^

.

^'

Fuit Cato, fuit Plato, Cyrus, Crcesus, Socrates, Periander, Alexander. Xerxes & Hippocrates, Maximinus Constantinus, Gyges, Anaxagoras, Epicurus, Palinurus, Dsemonax, Pythagoras. Ciesar fortis, causa mortis, tot altarum partium, Ciceronem & Nasonem nil juvabat Artium. Sed Hos cunctos jam defunctos tempore prceterito, Non est e re, recensere. Hinc concludo merito Qui nunc degunt, atque regunt Orbem hujus seculi,

{

},

...

.^

b< an original draft of the poem: "The imprint. "Germanopoli." is generally recognized to be fictitious. (Cf. S. \V. Pennypacker, The Settlement of Germantoz.n, Pennsylvania, etc., .

pp. 118, 121.)

.

'hm'Zi

-iji'vc

':i

y

iHuKj

.r-;-

)

:':i

rv:!-'-;.

?-

lr.v,,

K •*'.•:

-un:

;r7 :-'/'

:/.:

bo-fj^orjnf

:v.,.-.

.'D nr;.

^^ ^ ,.'-'

-,.•

,'>:.:x:,i,: ^j-.r-rrjoc

•R,ni>f!f»£

i-Ji

i.

roijns.'l" L>!0C71;

?a:;o

v;^v

,.:•,:

,V

t'moq i.hEJ 32^ffT

t;-^

'Tf!?:-": nc::r-Tiir;iA

:biiilhf!v.

.TlOl'lil

[

.rT'i'^'iij;:

Oi.rti^i-ij-irt

:::.;.V.Jif>

-^

^ .

'"•.

'•''•--

"i

1

(

'\

?i

nc .1:

grt''iS'i;Ci

«.

A

-irt? tr.rfT

*

Francis Daniel Pastorius

62

Another indication of the intellectual alertness of Windsheim at this period is found in the rich collection of books stored Here are in the library previously referred to in this chapter. found many vellums that bespeak the scholastic intelligence flected

Among

by Schumberg.

re-

the books of particular interest

copy of Tentzel's series of publications, Monatliche

to us are a

Unterrediingcn cinigcr guten Fremide z-on allerhand Bilchem und

andcrn anncmlicheyi Geschichtcn,

(1689-1706), containing

etc.

the earlier accounts of Francis Daniel Pastorius^' describing the

province of Pennsylvania and the conditions in the the

manuscript draft of

original

Melchior

Adam

new world, Pastorius'

Beschreihung des H. Reichs Stadt IVindsheim^^ and a printed

copy of his Fasciculus Rhythmorum?^

The

i

many old and the Gymnasium

association of Pastorius with the sons of

influential

German

families, while a student at

of Windsheim, must have been of inestimable advantage to him in after years,

native land. portunities

had

It is clear that

which

his eyes

who were

had he remained

to practice his profession in his

he enjoyed the best educational op-

his country- afforded,

opened

to the

and that he must have

newest knowledge demanded by those,

aftenvards to take foremost rank in the world of

affairs.

At The German

the University.

student of the seventeenth centur>' had two

periods of journeying

(

"Wander jahre")

—the

years at various

and the years of foreign travel, the "Grand Tour." study was not confined to one institution, but was pursued at a number of universities as at the present day. After finishing his university studies, the young Licentiate or Doctor went on a long journey into other lands languages of to study the life and universities,

The

"

university

Cf.

Julius

Goebel,

American Annals, N.

Zzvei

unbekannte Brief e von Pastorius

S. II, 492-503).

" Cf. Life of Francis Daniel Pastorius,

"Cf. Life of Francis Daniel Pastorius,

p. 43. p.

42.

(German

h,r,,r.iM

;;

J\t;i'

:^-'ii

'i'L'-.L

c

r;t •.'

YOO:

''ir:!-:ni

:i.n:"vj

!

-rr;iii,''

:rr">':"^v'5€

br1 to

:rF.>[)UJ(i

nSHTitbO

:;iiT

,

:J|

[p

-P. -iw

:a;\

'

i.

f"?iqO'j'.I

j

l'-'

l-:.r:-.

1^-r-

;':;i..:j:-':.Tff

..r;-

J.i}

,;,;

.-

-"

I ;

';

[.;'["'

i";

ifu;n'

;'

:*,

;.;

•;

,

;ir;?"Sf!A

.rf^^,r-,i[)

'

'•

>

'^

'I3i:'.0

'''mU

iO

,f.

,•,.•1,

..;;'

-,',

,

c:..'r:

,--ii

:-•:•=

.whA

'j.i'

ni

:j\ 'f>

i

s^tfritarnc

r.

^'T' '.;!., i.'iriT re

n'-iiij

':'.

-j: .ii(jx^

eii;'I

i>ij.'';';:'j.'..

j

wislq srtf

"

Francis Daniel Pastoriiis

64

The dorf," as

university of Altdorf, or ''Xiimberg University of Alt-

was often

it

called,

had

its

origin in

Niimberg in the of Niimberg was

epoch of the Reformation, when the old cit}the centre of German handicraft and poesy under the influence of Albrecht Diirer and

Hans

Sachs.

The

institution

had

five dis-

tinct stages of evolution:

The Gymnasium Aegidium

1.

in

Niimberg, organized by

Philipp Melanchthon. the great colleague of !Martin Luther, in

Among

1526.

the early teachers in the

G}"mnasium were Joach.

Camerarius, Hel. Eoh. Hessus, Mich. Roting, Joh. Schoner and Joh. Boschenstein.

The Gymnasium at Altdorf, 1 571-1575. With the decline Gymnasium in Niimberg it was found advisable to move school to the countn,-. The proposal was made by Camerarius 2.

of the the

from Leipzig. Three places were suggested Hersbruck, Engeland Altdorf. The last named was selected. The first Rector of the Altdorf G}"mnasium was Valentin En.'thraeus, who was called from Strassburg. The old G\Tnnasium in Niimberg passed from a "Quadrivial" to a "Trivial" School. :

thal

The Altdorf Academy.

In 1578 the Altdorf G}Tnnasiiim was granted academic privileges and in 1580 reinaugurated as 3.

an academy, with Philipp Camerarius. son of the above m.entioned Joachim, as its first Procancellarius, and Joh. Thom. Freigius as its first

4.

^

Rector.

The

University of Altdorf.

The number

of students at

the Altdorf academy in the years 1620-1621 rose to some seven

hundred.

Accordingly the city fathers of Niimberg

quested and obtained of

Emperor Ferdinand IL

in

1622

re-

the privilege

of raising the academy to the rank of a university' with authority to grant degrees in the faculties of Philosophy,

The

cine. 5.

university

was formally inaugurated

The Completion of The

Faculty of Theology. ology, at

first

Law

and Medi-

in 1623.

the University by the Addition of the privilege of granting degrees in

The-

withheld because of the tunr.oil of the Thirty

I

'

' •

'

:

rr

tTj"!."'

'

r...'.:{

.:i)jj;Tor':-;'':

f.£v;

oriv/

'^

'

v:3.

.-,7-.^-

-

f-,3j

"

...j:.r-:,

ja

iv:'. //

yli-

"

— -•

->

'

.no

\^^.l^lU\ aij

--i-^vj..}

,

'I

... .

„

t

.

.

.

.

io

>>

1;

fea^^JWOrT

-b-V^-i;:.. --,--;

I

III

mi

li

m The University of Altdorf

in 1723. ".)

(From " Acta Sacrorum Saecularium

J^=^^ .-^:'-,

—^

LV,i '

.
.v^.^-nv:/^,

/

I

I

''

V.'iA-.J.i

*

:

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

66

(1706), Giessen (1707), Leipzig (1709), and Rinteln (1721).

The account of the centennial was printed in a separate tonie.^^ with a number of fine copper engravings. The prosperity of the university of Altdorf began to wane after the founding of the universities of Halle, Gottingen and Erlangen, and was finally discontinued or rather transferred and united with Erlangen in 1809.

The

old buildings

preser\-ation, little

stand at Altdorf in a good state of

still

changed

in external appearance, but are

used as a Pa^dagogium or Teachers' Seminar}^-.

views will time and

illustrate the buildings as they

A

now

number of

appeared in Pastorius'

later.

The

inner life of the university in the time of Pastorius will

be of interest here.

The Rector

at the time of Pastorius' matricu-

was Lucas Friedrich Reinhart. He was succeeded by Ernst Hoffmann (1670). The Rector in 1673, when Pastorius entered Altdorf the second time, was Johann Conrad Diirr. The Dean who presided at his disputation was Johann Anton Geiger, J. U. D. The Procancellarius for the years 16661692, including the period of Pastorius' studies, was Magnus Fetlation

Cregel (1669), Moritz

zer.

Wills^* gives the

list

of Rectors for the years 1668-1676 as

follows

Lukas Friedrich Reinhart. D. Ernst Cregel. D. Moritz Hoffmann. Christoph Molitor. Johann Conrad Durr. .

" The book has the following Acta Sacrorvm Saecvlariuin

title

qvae Favente Deo Immortali svb Avspicatissimo Gloriosissimoqve Imperio Avgvstissimi atqve Caroli VI Invictissimi Romanorvm Imperatoris ex Avctoritate et Mvnificentia Illustris Senatvs Xorimbergensis A. D. Ill Kal. Qvinctil. A. S. R. CIOIOCCXXIII Pio Solenniqve Ritv Celebravit Academia Altortina. Excvdebat lodoc. Gvil. Kohlesivs Acad. Typogr. A copy of this book is to be found in the Library of the University of Pennsylvania. !

I

I

|

j

|

I

|

|

]

]

|

I

I

|

|

|

|

" Cf. Geschichte und Beschreibung, rium,

fol.

56.

p.

41; also Acta

Sacrorum Saecula-

--.:'

.

:n:i;r::.'

.--

-

:u^t

....

,

._.

.,

.

:/if;

nv

iO

-••,-;

^lii

U>

;;•"'

li.i'

';-,^'

:"

,':.

.!''•-

•:

.;-.;.

.it...

i

;'•:,!•:

-ini

:';;

i:'x';(-,:/!L,

'lo

): .

'

.•t.';.;rn1. ';;;>'

.'^lir.ll.

.'>:(..

;.

i^dnusn n

ui/. In

.f:

7

v.)

.o ix.

^hv.'l:'^

^_.^riw

,;

„

.(\xibi) b^diZ)

r-

a

.

,

'-,''!

:

3

rljiw

•^r:;:-'^v''njj

,

.tv^TOii :i..r.mnoI]

i

i^^ui

; ;-,>i-fi

c //

/

/^i.,.>ui.-

r

.

'

k

*

*

&S!i

ic-s^ii^

^^fM imlr-1

^i^'-^^'f^'^]

r-.

"''I

^,'-,.-%^:','/

'..-.",

.•

;/i'

':>/.,

.r:.

'•.Aj^jit.

:>

.

:" :

fil ;//•:,;
Jn'V

:i...7ir::',: ':'

;

;i-

-n

_..•/:

.' .

,,:.;

;';.-;:-'.unnrfi

V'

".ii.

.j-rr-dr

_

::

3ri

1,.

".

'".

.:-.

-;-v''---.

.

,.-

^y.r.-^

:?'i-w

•-'

a!

>r.:J;^

/il'-

oh::rh;::^;: I

,„

''r{) vi;;) rihii

..iv!'^: --iq

'.-ii!h-A''

griljissf

:br?rjiJnH

'^ -V*!

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

y2

be noted that Pastorius matriculated in the Faculty

It will

of Philosophy at Strassburg, although he distinctly states that he

While he may have devoted some time to we find him busy from first to last

"studied the Laws."

strictly philosophical courses,

with Jurisprudence.

In addition to the courses in the Institutes

under Ulrici and Obrecht, and the course

under Reinhard, he seems course in Public

Law

to this as of service to at

to

have

in Ethics

and

{Jus Publicum) under Bockler.

him

Politics

on the

laid particular stress

He

later in his study of the Imperial

refers

Code

Regensburg, where the Imperial Diet was held

!

"J travelled unto Regenspurg, where the Diet of the Empire was then kept [held], in order to be tl.e fullier instructed in Jure publico, whereof J formerly was taught some certain principles by the renowned Dr. Bockler at Strassburg."'*^ .

At

•

2).

the University of Basel.

Pastorius states that he "visited" the University of Basel in

^«•

July, 1672:

"July 13th 1672

Reichmann

made

to Schlettstatt,

a tour with Mercklein, Litzheimer

and

Colmar and Basel."

It would appear from the use of the word "tour" ('Tleis") and the fact that he took up a three months' course of French with Dutrue in Strassburg in the following August, that he must have returned to Strassburg by early August. He employed the English term "visited" evidently to translate the German "hospi-

tierte,"

i.

e.,

attended lectures without matriculating.

further corroborated by our failure to find his

matriculants of the Universit}^ of Basel. *^^

This

name among

In his

own

is

the

account of

the journey to Basel he relates an incident which affords an inter*^Cf. Beehive, p. 222.

"a

Basel, den 16. Januar 1904. ich mich ergebenst mit-

Herm Marion D. Learned, Philadelphia, beehre zuteilen, dass der Name Francisciis Daniel Pastorius in der Matrikel nicht

in

den Jahren 1665-1676

vorkommt. Hochachtung-svollst Dr. C. Ch. Bernoulli, Oberbibliothekar.

.

:T^:

-

••'

',

ii'

:

'-^

'!--:-:n'7

^'i

);(;..

--'in

j.h

y.

-.yj

/"f^r^'idO

'

-r^

;!''_,'

'.iilnirj-

-hocA sri jrd: ;o£i y/I:

bn.s

»

.-iid'I

:>rj 'sno'i..,

-Jif'

::--i:

.,:.

,..-...,.

.

;•:;:

'

'

^T^•,..^f

./ip-^if-i'r f;,!q

-.

.

.bsmfixl

.....

H

nrA-.E-U

rrnsH

!

V)

H

::i

90

F!l-

n z

•*\s—::'r =:,'.• =^'^

z

>

«

•

v;

: .

'I

.\Vi.

•

-^^.^

*

^^^

rem

ik

'•/!

t I"

•^:;:

I

r

/•7,^-».

r^

^^T

4

r

The Founder of Gcrmantoivn

"•
niv/oiiol aril

:

^^

J

j

I

I [

(

I J

The Founder of Germantoz>:n

75

heim, where J stay'd all that winter, and the next 13th of April 1673. J went again to Altdorff, but not liking the place for some reas^ons. left it the 2d of July, going to Xurnberg. thence to Erford. ami so on to Jena, where J arrived the 13th of the aforesd month of July & continued the Study of the Laws, learning moreover of Dr. Ca'rolo Caffa, the Jtalian Tongue, in which J pubUckly Disputed the iSth of April, 1674. upon some printed Theses inscribed dalle Leggi, as J had done before mense Januar. sub pn-esidio Doctoris Linckij ad lib. 3. Pandectarum.''^-

In his "Additamenta"^^ he furnishes the following details,

which we give

August

in abstract

after having made a short tour to Xaumburg. he began lessons in fencing under Monsieur Ebart. On the 3d of 1st,

August he began the study of Italian under Carlo Cafta. and on the 7th a course in Chiromancy (Chiromantik) under Hopping.

November

ist

he entered a Collegium

Dr. Heinrich Linck. Lib. J II, also

in

Scofani Excrc. Juris by

In January, 1674, he disputed publicly Ad.

under Linck.

;March ist he went to the blind ^L Schmidt for both lodging and meals. April i8th he disputed Dalle Lcggi in the Italian language, as we have seen above. May r3th he took a trip to Gotha. meeting Cancellarius there and others, June ist he began courses under Dr. Schnohelium ad II and Fibigij Processum Jud. It will

be a

new and

at the university of

interesting fact to

Tillemann

many

Ad

that a student

Jena disputed in the Italian language, and

that such opportunities

were afforded for the study of

Italian at

The fact sheds much light upon the literary conditions of Germany at the time of the vogue of Marinism in the Second Silesian School of Poets Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau. Caspar von Lohenstein and their disciples. The case of that time in Jena.

—

Pastorius was then not an isolated one to be explained by the fondness of his father, like Goethe's father, for things Italian, but must rather be regarded as typical, reflecting the interest of

" CI Beehive,

p. 222.

"Cf. Res Propriae,

p. iif.

•*

-'-^

^''
r!,r^

'

;/^.;'

V

t^J

;

i'.i'.

r.-'A

^.'.

'

j

•;:

.'

'

,:,..,;"

•:CJ

-1;:)

'A

i

' i I

-

"'•

-,

'

r.

M-:*!

:r; -'o

..:;;

l_

1':

'

';'i.

ritr/j

^I'i

J 1

'.'.'

--•;^-'=-T

,'^s'

:y

' .

V"

nnv nns:'r-:H

,

—

-

.;..'';:ci

?:?9n'^

!>;

'j:':):-;

fo-'f:--'

..i

1

.•

.^'Ijt;;

n^\^:r^ll92 ^^^^

tn^A

.O"

:

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

76

the Jenensians in the Italian language and literature in the epoch

movement

of the Marinistic

At Jena we

in

his juristic studies, disputing

and, as

it

German

poetry.

see Pastorius rapidly approaching the close of

under Dr. Linck.

January, 1674, appears, repeating the same disputation in Italian under in

Dr. Caffa on the i8th of the following April. y.

At

Regenshiirg.

An

important stage in Pastorius' studies, after leaving Jena, was his sojourn in Regensburg, where he had an opportunity to study the practice of the Imperial Code, as the Imperial Diet was

convened

in

Regensburg

change from Jena

to

His own account of the

at that time.

Regensburg and

his return to Altdorf

is

quite

explicit

"Having from hence [Jena] viewed Naumburg, Gotha and other

Towns

of that Countrey, J travelled unto Regenspurg, where the Diet of the Empire then was kept,=^ in order to be the fuUier instructed in Jure publico, whereof J formerly was taught some certain principles by the renowned Dr. Eockler at Strassburg. So therefore J lodged the greatest part with Dr. Volcker, Embassadour of Nurnberg and the rest of the Jmperial Cities of Frankenland."^'

In the "Additamenta" he furnishes the following facts con-

cerning his stay in Regensburg "July 31st left Jena and August 4th arrived at Xiimberg. August loth reached Regensburg, took quarters in the Green Wreath "im griinen Krantz') and went with a number of Secretaries to a widow for meals till October ist. when I went to the family of the Xiirnberg Ambassador for both meals and lodging, where the Ambassador and his wife treated me very kindly. Here I continued French with Louys Brialmont for six months."^'^ (

•*

The word "kept" here

is a Germanism, being a translation of the Ger"gehalten." That the "Reichstag" (Imperial Diet) was in session stated in the following:

man word IS

"Xachdem ich reisete ich 31. July, _

nun von daraus [Jena] Naumburg, Gotha nach Regenspurg,

publica desto besser zu ergreiffen"

"Cf. Beehive,

(cf.

umb

etc.

besehen,

autt daselbstigem Reichstag Jura

Res Propriae,

p.

6).

p. 222.

" Cf. Res Propriae, p. 13. into English.

The

original

is

in

German, but here translated

.'.";.''

'^.

•,:.'

"/.,.';";:

'?,'"

:'.'

•''':'6'i

:ji'i>

;.::

..":.

,'

~^(.l

'iCX^j

The Founder of

7^

Gertnajitozcn

jj

In April of the next year (1675), ^^ter a sojourn of some eight months, Pastorius left

Regensburg for Bayreut and Winds-

I t

heim, meeting his father and stepmother

in Bayreut, as the fol-

lowing account informs us: "April i6th 1675 left Regensburg by stage, arrived the 17th at Bayreut, found my last stepmother [there] and attended the wedApril 26 arrived mith my father and aforeding'^ of her sister.

mentioned stepmother at Winsheim."^^

^-

.'i

•

.

f,

8.

Third Period at Altdorf.

'

';

^

" '

After spending the remainder of the spring and summer of ^

\ [

I

f

1675 at home in Windsheim, Pastorius went the following September for the third time to the University of Altdorf to finish his study of Jurisprudence and take his doctorate or licentiate

ploma.

He

di-

gives the following succinct account of his last period

at Altdorf:

f r i,

"Sept. 27. went to Altdorf, had meals with Dr. Linck and lodging with Abr. Klinger, an armorer ("biichsenschiffter"). Xov. loth besran a course with Dr. Linck on Eckoltus and a "disputatorium iiber Exercitat Ludwelli." 1676 March 29th. transferred my lodgings to the Komerhansa. May 31. made a "circularem Disputat" under Dr. Linck. July 20 went to Niirnberg because of sickness. Aug. 22 to Gnadenbfurg ?]. and Sept. 26 returned to Niirnberg. Oct. 26 appeared before the Dean Dr. Joh. Ant. Geiger and the other Jurists, also Xov. 2nd before the Procancellarius ^Masrnus Fetzer. after which the two examinations followed the 7th and 8th. and J disputed the 23d de rasura Documentorum for the doctorate.''^^ _

It will naturally

More Sketch

specific

seem strange that Pastorius on the eve of

details

of this

wedding are given

in

the

Genealogical

:

^^"5- ,*he i6th of April J rode the post to Bayreut, where Anna Volckmafi's ("the eldest Sister of mv present Stepmother,") was celebrating her Marriage with [Georg] Roth, Lehens-Secretary of that Marquisate of Brandenburg, and thence in a Coach with my parents down to Winsheim" '.'•'^""°

M.-iria

{Bechiz'e, p. 223).

Cf. "Additamenta" **Cf.

(Res Propriae,

"Additamenta" {Res Propriae,

p.

12).

p. 12).

The The

original

is

in

German.

original

is in

German.

'

.

.:->':;

J,I

:jto*/[

Francis Daniel Pastorius

78

his doctorate at Jena, should

have returned

to the University of

Altdorf, which he had left in disgust two years before.

two explanations may be found for

this return.

The

At

least

first is tliat

Jena for the opportunity to study the practice of The second that the Imperial Code in the Diet at Regensburg. Pastorius

left

was

his favorite professor at Jena, Dr. Linck,

called to a profes-

sorship at the University of Altdorf the last day of Alarch, 1674,

and succeeded the renowned Cregel in 1675 as Professor of Pandects.^° This was doubtless the chief reason for Pastorius' return to Altdorf, even though he may have cherished a patriotic fondness for his

first

choice, the "Niirnberg University" of Altdorf,

This

while studying at other universities.

is

corroborated by

the fact that Pastorius took quarters with Dr. Linck and finished his studies

under him

may

It

at Altdorf.

,

>.

,

r

..

^

be that he found other reasons, during his study of

Regensburg and his associations with Niirnberg Ambassador, for returning to Altdorf.

the Jus Publicum at

In the year 1676 lation

Book of

we

the

find the following entries in the Matricu-

the University of Altdorf

:

..,.,..

< ,

"1676. 1677.

Prof sua

^

D.

9.

:

in

9br.

Johanna Antonio Geiger V. J. D. et Inst. Imper. Publ primum Decano, Candidati sequentes nomina banc matriculam retulerunt: :

1676. 236.

husa-Francus, Disp

Franciscus Daniel Pastorius, SommerDe Rasur Documentorum. d. 23. gbr: :

cod. 7J7. 3."

The called,

dissertation or inaugural disputation, as

was published by

it

the universitv printer Heinrich

Altdorf in 1676 with the following

was then Maier

in

title:

"Cf. the following sketch of Linck's career: Dn. Henricus Linck, Sorbiga Misn. I.V.D. Ex Academia lenensi, in qua per se.xennium privatim docendo luris Studiosis suam exhibuit fidem, a Perstrenuis ac Xobilissimis inclutae Reipub!. Noriberg. Scholarchis, Dominis suis benignissimis, ad functionem vocatus atque ult. die Mart. 1674, in numerum Dnn. Professornum cooptatus est. M. .April, ejusdem anni, praeniis:>a oratione inaugurali, ad Institutionum, subsequenti vero anno 1675. post obitum. Dn. Cregelii, ad Pandectarum Professionem pro virili exornandam cum Deo se contulit. Obiit Ac. 1696. (Wills, Geschichte und Beschreibung, pp. 334-335)

.LiiUn"".

il.!-

.

•'..

•

::

.iv'^"'•:•"'

,

b"! '••-

£ ci

.07'i

-.0-;;?:

':-

•

-••,•"

'

•

"

--:,

..ji/..

"^uij-^vi

.1'.

'/.l^

''

:

c:>y

')•;!

d

lo jIooJ naiji>I

r

.G

y

{la-^c

)

r..'.ui, :.....

El^vr^-biSPUTATIO INAUGURALIS

--

^RASURA DOCUMENTORUM, i

i,

*

DIVINA SUFFRAGAiNTE GRATIA. AUCTORITATE

.

^

JCTORUM QRDINIS

r

inlnclutcNonbergenriumAtliciixo,

f

?

Summos

in

Pnvilegia

tf

^

Utroqve Jure Honores ac DocTDR ALIA, more Majonim, *

i

^^

LI-CENTIA

-^

'

ritccapefLndi,;

TublicoT^ruajrorumExarnini

Eranxiscus Daniel Pastorius, VVindtshcimenfts,

f*D. ~do j^

s;.

Kovimbr. A. ah incarnatiom

loc

j.

C.

LXXVI.

r

.

AhTDORFFly Litem HtsRici Maieri, Univ. Typogr.

Title Page ok Franxis Daniel Pastorhs' Dissertation or Distctation. ( Photographed from a Copy in the possession of Ex-Governor S. W. Pennypacker.

•(T58»7,,**4*»v

15

yr:

^IM \

h

]

;;

':

1

t;' ^'t-

.:.V

/:' a tablet was erected in the archway of the Memorial Chapel of the University with the following inscription | i

"Ein edier Welser schlaft hierinn Der wann er wachte Herz und Sinn

Auf seinen Heyland stellt Und darum geht er auss der Welt

Dem Himmel Und

zu da er recht lebt

sei'm Heyland ewig schwebt Der du dies liesest merk es wohl So lebst du wie man ieben soll."^

The

fiir

attention given to Classic

and Oriental languages

I

[

•,

?

!

.

1

.

at

Altdorf, doubtless, quickened Pastorius' interest in these tongues,

'

Cf. Wills, Geschichte

Altdorf,

p. 293.

und Beschreibung der Niinihergischen Universitat

"!),;

0;!i;j

'{:

*

'K-

/

cj

>',-):. • --:. it "?=;• ;i»-

-*^> fe^^^v '^'-

»

a^^,

jjV--;;;-^^^

;^-'''—

2

^^l^-A-

H

';^

.

^•*-,.

-

ft

...»

-•

•vSt'?- -'.-'?- ^-=^.

^^-


'^Ji''SJilJim^^.i'ii'^Jli

:

The Founder of Gennantozai

85

Windsheim period and the territory clients were the landed gentry, practice. The his manner of and some of whose members he may have known at the Gymnasium in Windsheim or at the University of Altdorf or other universi-

character of his clients in the

ties during- his

student years.

It is quite likely that his practice

most part to the gentry owning estates in Windsheim and that "marching from one Nobleman's house in the Province unto the other''

was conlined

for the

the villages under the jurisdiction of

is

to be

understood in

this

more

limited sense of ''Province" as

Naturally his business might occasionally take

judiciar}- district.

him beyond the immediate saddlebag practice of

lazi'

jurisdiction of

Windsheim.

This

affords us an interesting glimpse into

the primitive conditions of the life of the country lawyer in Ger-

many young

in the second half of the seventeenth century. jurist, the future

founder of the

first

gaAe the

It

German

colony in

Pennsylvania, a foretaste of pioneering, which must have stood

him in good stead afterwards Germantown.

in the primitive conditions of early

In Frank furt-on-the-Main. After some two years and a half of practice

in

Windsheim.

field of more labor. It is not necessary to suppose he was unsuccessful in his Windsheim practice, but rather desirous of a more agreeable

Pastorius decided to seek a wider and

social

and religious atmosphere.

This

is

congenial

apparent from the fact

and followed the advice of his good and pious Horb, as he tells us in his Genealogical Sketch

that he sought friend, Dr.

"Afio 1679. the 24th of April J went (by perswasion of Dr. Man 8z good Friend of mine,) to Franckfort upon the Meyn, where J still plaid the Lawyer & kept" [gave or held]

Horb," a godly

*

The proper form,

A

Germanism

to

judge from the Latin "Horbius," would be "Horbe."

See the note on the same word, p. 76. It Pastorius was employing the old use of keep, p. 76, as in "keep kirk," etc. (Cf. Century Dictionary, sub verbo.) William Penn in his Journal uses keep in a sense similar to this in saying that the General Meeting was "to be kept" in such a week. '

may

be that

for gave.

.

,

,.

,,_

„

,

.:;

T.;i

;./;! I'-'T)

".choH

/

^^^'' :.

J-

v;"

ai

-qv

:

Francis Daniel Pastorins

86

some young Patricijs of the sd City, while with Dr. Schutz, and then with a for having merrv'-h^earted Gentleman caird Juncker Fichard, as an old likewise good Opportunity to see Worms, Manheim, Speyer other places of the Neighbourhood.''^ Collegia privata Juris to

mv Lodging

&

&

supplemented in the "Additamenta" by that Pastorius after his arrival in Frankfurt

This information the further details,

is

took his meals with the notary. Christian Fenda (Fende or Fend) in the Saalhof and his lodgings with Captain Daniel Rene-

first

page and taught some young students the Institutes, finally going to Junker Fichard for both lodging and m.eals.^ The Dr. Horb here referred to was Johannes Henricus Horbitis, to

whom

Pastorius' father, Melchior

dedicated the following

Adam

Pastorius,

anagram

"lOANXES HEXRICVS HORBIVS. Anagramma

,.

«

•

VERBO CVRES INSANOS CHARVS INES lESV, NON ORBI HIC RESONA INNISVS VERBO EN SACRI VERBI SOXO VNIS I, RESONANS VINCIS VERBO. INI,

Quid

canis est

mutus domui? quid

csecus Ouili

Pastor? nonne Ouibus deperitura salus? Mentibus segroti languemus, opemque precamus Sed qui nos curet nemo i^Iachaon est Prosper ini, pie Serue Dei vcrboque poterti Insanos cures mentis opemque feras Non Orbi sed charus ines tu totus lESV, Hinc, en inis \'erbi Charus adusque sano [ ?] Saepius hie resona, tardantes pelle, moneque Inissus \^erbo, spandeo \^ictor

•

eris.

Cf. Beehive, p. 223,

Res Propriae, p. 12: "1679. 24. April reiste ich aufif Horbij anrathen nach Franckfurt, hatt den

•Cf.

Tisch bey Xotario Christian Fenden im Saalhof, mein logiment bey Capitain Daniel Renepage, &c. hielt einigen Jungen Studiosis Collegia Instit. bisz^^zu Juncker Fichard ins Haus u. an den Tisch kam, woselbst auch verblieben."

\

.-

y.y^^

06

-•'7

'"••"]

i':!.;j4;--:

:':!:vgH

The Founder of Germantozvn I If

87

resonans vincis diuino pectora Verbo Instar id est penetrans ancipitis gladij

Quamuis

En

dissideant animi,

sacri \'erbi tu vnis

•-

mundanaque tractent adusque sono

.

•

.

.-.

^

,

"

*

'

•

.

.

_

^

Donee conspicias Horrea plena Dei. Effice ut sethereo cuncti iungamur amore w pj^^ g^ vnus amor lesus Homoque simul.'"^"

Herb we have

'

'

•

Perge bonis auibus fac fructus undique multos

i'Wv.^

•'

/

'"

"

•'•

most important link between Pastorius and the Frankfurt Pietists. Dr. Horb was an intimate member of this circle of enthusiasts, who gathered around Dr. Spener, and was closely related to Spener, having married his sister. In Dr.

a

Johann Heinrich Horb (or Horbe, in

Colmar, Alsatia, June

11, 1645.

Lat. Hofbius)

was born

In 1661 he entered the Uni-

versity of Strassburg, taking his blaster's degree in 1664.

teachers here were Balthasar Bebel,

(both rigid Lutherans), Philipp Jacob Spener. the

had returned

who left

to

Strassburg

the historian, with

ler,

in 1663,

whom

His

Johann Konrad Dannhauer Pietist,

who

and Johann Heinrich Bock-

Pastorius studied Public Law. and

died in the midst of a course on Lampadius. before Pastorius

Strassburg in

Horb then attended

1672.^,^

the universities of

Jena, Leipzig, Wittenberg, Helmstadt and Kiel, spending some time in Leipzig as "Assessor of the Philosophical Faculty." In

1669-1670 Horb accompanied Johann Sebastian Miiller, of Leipand others as tutor (Hofmeister) on a journey to Holland. England and France. In Utrecht he met Justus Theodor von

zig,

Miinchhausen, of Hamburg, and made arrangements to accom-

pany him

in France, a transaction

which resulted

in great dis-

aided not a little in intensifying his persecution

Horb and by the orthodox Theologians. aster to

In

1671

Horb

returned

from

Paris to Strassburg, where he became docent at the university

while Pastorius was there as a student.

was appointed by

the Palzgraves-by-the-Rhine as Court Preacher

"Cf. Itinerarium,

"Cf.

p.

7Z.

Soon afterwards Horb

p.

83 a

&

b.

.(:;

i

imoJ nr

J(

•j^-rr.i

Ax'.:

rnuo! £

' '

".

\".

'JO

"•

•

;

i

-^^Hwhiv

T'^

'^'

.':.n::r

;..

!?!''

-:;

;

•

'-.

..:-.'-:

;

;

':'!:

I

\Wi

.,i

,

''i-).:^'

,\%

:••>

.,

,..

:idi

::•;:•

r:''-7

,

,

'-ex

.:>:,•

ri:,/,

,'

rr

.'.,v;

-

ViO

j;i,:i::;riyi

.%

^

.

_

••r':-;x'^

,.

!

D':.f,

"Vif' OT f.:is:>a :-lLobo^i.

y-v

_

_

•"

^

:"'.

'^••.;

"'r.'V

^v

--•c-.v.:

nov

>'>^i

^tt;'

:?

:.

'

;

,n

',

"

,,

;;.!

lii^yi

.'.•;!r.

mkI.-'-'j?

-v"-

/

i

;•.:.> itt

A

".

.i.;:f::>7

ly-

r;i

•

i.;i:?HrJu.''

noaibbr

£"!:4.;nj /i:rtoCl

••':jL-.'^'^'>;

,'

i:'^"?:

.

];--:.'!.

ril

i;nj5j!o{_

iu-^'.u^O ';''-'cnlands kamen beede ano d-2. iS. Nov. wieder frisch u. gesund nach Franckfurt. ich

Johan Bonaventura von Bodeck

als

v./;;

"

-.:/'•

.^''.•;);'"r

-:•;'•).';:;:;.;

';

.'^

';nG:;ol j:

;r-^'^(J

-y'l-:'

;;.;.n-/_:-

::

'.-M.^

-,

-;? iw

i^j;.^£7j-::' J

-''v

D.ir

•;::irn

'

...t:':^£''T

...i

ii-\'^.^fi»

f.r

^o In^d

.

!

i;.'

:jU^

j

io

Vf

t^ri)

^o no;< ^

[."!';'

fO^j

-.'.Ti.:;

ir'j''

'

:

Francis Daniel Pastorius

94

"Tantum Quantum, or

A Few own

Jnscriptions, gathered out of

my

Itinerary.

[On preceding page:] 2. Sun-dials. i. The Heads of the following Jnscriptions Clock-dials & Bells. 3. Steeple-houses, Altars, Organs, Jmages, 6. &c. 4. Cloisters & Cells. 5. Hospitals, Jnhrmaries, - oil]

ni.;

-L

i.f'i;!'.

1

ir.'j'fnfuU

'.T'

5,!!iV/.

ii";;M'

J-/

.luJo.

i';

:t'

c

n-uh

.:}\i?i

BjtV

:

'

or;?

\':

-i^'iyrj:!

?i;:b£n