The Greek Coins 0876612265, 9780876612262

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The Greek Coins John H. Kroll; Alan S. Walker The Athenian Agora, Vol. 26, The Greek Coins. (1993), pp. iii-v+vii-xxvi+1-295+297-333+335-355+357-376. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1558-8610%281993%2926%3Ciii%3ATGC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 The Athenian Agora is currently published by American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

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THE ATHENIAN AGORA

RESULTS O F EXCAVATIONS

CONDUCTED BY

T H E AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES A T ATHENS

VOLUME XXVI

THE GREEK COINS

JOHN H. KROLL with contributions by

ALAN S. WALKER

T H E AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

1993

Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Kroll,John H., 1938The Greek Coins / by John H. Kroll ;with contributions by Alan S. Walker. cm. - (AthenianAgora ; v. 26)

p. Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-87661-226-5

1. Coins, Greek-Greece-Athens. 2. Coins, Greek. 3. Agora (Athens, Greece) 4. Athens (GrcecekAntiquities. I. Walker, Alan S. 11. Title. 111. Series DF287.A23A5 vol. 26 93-33146 [CJ459.A8] CIP 737.4938'5--dc20

@ American School of Classical Studies at Athens 1993 TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE

C/O INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

PLATES BY THE STDIEHOUR PRESS, LUNENBURG, VERMONT

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY THE JOHN D. LUCAS PRINTING COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND

To THE E EMORY OF

MARGARET THOMPSON

PREFACE

F

O U O W I N G UPON 7I.eAthenian Agora, Volumes I1 and IX, Margaret Thompson's Coimfiom t,h Roman through h Venetian Period (1954), and George Miles' 7I.e Islamic Coins (1962), the present volume brings to a conclusion the publication of coins in 77uAthenian Agora, Results ofExcauationsseries. Publication of the Greek coins was initially entrusted to Josephine l? Shear; but after writing three preparatory articles in the 1930's' she was unable to make further headway, and the project lapsed for several decades. With the resumption of large-scale excavations in the Agora in 1970, responsibility for the Greek material was reassigned to me, excavation numismatist from 1970 through 1973. I in turn enlisted the assistance of my two successors at the Agora, Fred Kleiner and Alan Walker. Our first task was to establish a reliable framework for the chronology of Athenian bronze coinage, to which all but 13 percent of the Agora Greek coins belong. My initial papers focused on Athenian bronze coinage of the Roman period and of the 4th and early 3rd centuries B.C. Kleiner, who elected not to participate in the final publication, devoted a series of articles to the bronze coinage of the 2nd and early 1st centuries B.C. Walker specialized in the Athenian imperial bronze coins from the Agora, making them the subject of his 1980 Ph.D. dissertation. For this project he went through the entire inventory of over 3,400 Athenian imperial bronzes to verify or correct the identifications that had been made at the time of discovery, to obtain weights, and to look for "runs" or groups of coins that had been found together but had not been recorded in the list of Agora deposits, which had been compiled primarily for the study of ceramic material. In 1981 I was able to devote eleven months to reexamining the remaining 13,000 Greek coins in the same way. Tedious and time-consuming as this was, it proved highly informative and has been more than justified by the accuracy and control made possible. Instead of working from the old inventory cards that go back to the year of discovery of each coin (as Margaret Thompson was obliged to do in the preparation of Agora 11),our catalogue has been compiled directly from the coins. In the summer of 1990 we added the several dozen Greek coins unearthed since 1981. Alan Walker's contributions to this volume are substantial. He wrote the catalogue of Athenian imperial coins in Chapter I11 and the core of the numismatic and chronological commentary in the introductory part of that chapter. He suggested many helpful improvements in drafts of the other chapters, and he is responsible for identlfylng many of the difficult non-Athenian coins that earlier Agora numismatists had found intractable; these include nearly all coins catalogued in Chapter IV bearing excavation inventory numbers suffixed with the letter "a". A number of persons and institutions have generously assisted this project. We wish particularly to thank the former and present Directors of the Agora Excavations, Homer A. Thompson and T Leslie Shear,Jr., for their encouragement and interest. We have been fortunate in being able to draw on the expertise of many other colleagues and friends at the Agora and elsewhere, among them Virginia R. Grace, G. Roger Edwards, Susan I. Rotroff, John McK. Camp, Rhys E Townsend, Kevin Clinton, Judith Binder, Ursula Knigge, Christian Habicht, Orestes Zervos, and Theodore Buttrey deserve special acknowledgment. Basil C. Demetriades was always eager to discuss the problems presented by Athenian bronzes and did us the invaluable service of making available his "The Coins of Athens," He@& 2, 1933, pp. 231-278; 1936, pp. 123-150; and 'Athenian Imperial Coinage," Hap& 5, 1936, pp. 285-332.

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PREFACE

electronic scale for weighing. Members of the permanent Agora staff, secretaries Margo Camp andJan Diarnant, conservators Alice Paterakis and Olympia Theophanopoulou, and photographer Craig Mauzy, cheerfully saw to the coordination, production, and photography of the hundreds of casts ordered for illustration. Cathy Collins, Greta Ham, and Tracey Rockett provided still further assistance with the casts and the assembly of the plates. Richard Anderson, architect of the Agora Excavations, prepared the two site plans, of which one is entirely new, that appear on Plates 35 and 36. We would also like to thank our many numismatic colleagues who took time from their visits to the Agora to go through our unidentified material. Finally the volume owes a great deal to the staff members of the American School Publications Office. Their devoted and thoughtful editing, checking, and production have made this a much better book. For the resources that enabled me to develop and begin writing up my part of the material, I am indebted to fellowships granted by the National Endowment for the Humanities in 1981, by the American Council of Learned Societies and the Institute for Advanced Study in 1985/ 1986, and by the University Research Institute of the University of Texas at Austin on both occasions. Over the years the University Research Institute helped defiay many lesser expenditures, and the hospitality of the Institute for Advanced Study made it possible in more recent summers to return and work in its pleasant environment in Princeton. Austin, Texas August 20, 1993

TABLE OF CONTENTS

..................................................................

CONSPECTUS OF COIN S xvii

I1. ATHENIAN BRONZE COINS. FOURTH THROUGH

FIRSTCENTURIESB.C. ........................ 24

13 111.ATHENIAN BRONZE COINS.SECOND AND THIRDCENTURIES AFTER CHRIST................. 1 (with Alan Walker) APPENDICES A. Three Modern Imitations ....................................................... 291

B. Unstruck Blanks and the Mints of the Agora ....................................... 292

TABLES I . Period I Chronology ............................................................. 320

I1. Structure of the Period I1 Coinage ................................................ 322

I11. Late Period I1 and Period 111Varieties ............................................ 324

n!Period IV AE 1 Varieties ........................................................ 326

V Period IV Fractions .............................................................. 328

VI . Three Early Period IVA Deposits ................................................ 329

VII . Hypothetical Development of the Athenian Bronze Denominational Systems

and Comparison with the Roman System .......................................330

VIII . Athenian Imperial Denominations ............................................. 331

IX. Totals of Athenian Imperial Dies ................................................ 332

CONCORDANCES

Concordance of Catalogued Agora Coins ............................................ 335

Concordance to Athenian Bronze Coins Illustrated in Svoronos ....................... 351

LIST

PLATES

1. Athenian Silver, 6th and 5th Centuries B.C. (1-12d) 2. Athenian Silver, 5th and 4th Centuries B.C. (12e-18) 3. Athenian Silver, 4th to 2nd Century B.c.; Bronze (19-37) 4. Athenian Bronze, 4th Century B.C. (38d-46~) 5. Athenian Bronze, 4th and 3rd Centuries B.C. (46d-54f) 6. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century B.C. (55a47b) 7. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century B.C. (67c-75f) 8. Athenian Bronze, 2nd Century B.C. (76a-86d) 9. Athenian Bronze, 2nd and Early 1st Centuries B.C. (87a-99e) 10. Athenian Bronze, 2nd and Early 1st Centuries B.C. (99f-114a) 11.Athenian Bronze, 1st Century B.C. (115a-126e) 12. Athenian Bronze, 1st Century B.C. (127a-138g) 13. Athenian Bronze, 1st Century B.C. (139a-148) 14. Athenian Bronze, 1st Century B.C. (149a-156d) 15. Athenian Bronze, 1st Century B.C. and 2nd Century after Christ (157a-167c) 16. Athenian Bronze, 2nd Century after Christ (169a-197e) 17. Athenian Bronze, 2nd Century after Christ (198-247a) 18. Athenian Bronze, 2nd Century after Christ (248a-278a) 19. Athenian Bronze, 2nd and 3rd Centuries after Christ (279a-307a) 20. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century after Christ (308-36 1a) 2 1. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century after Christ (362401b) 22. Athenian Bronze, 3rd Century after Christ. Italy, Sicily, Thrace (40 1c 4 9 ) 23. Thrace, Macedonia (452a-504b) 24. Macedonia, Thessaly, Epeiros (505-57 la) 25. Epeiros to Phokis, Boiotia, Euboia (572-624) 26. Euboia, Salamis, Megarid (625-657) 27. Aigina, Corinth (658a-7 17) 28. Peloponnesos (7 18-812b) 29. Crete, Cyclades, Pontos to Aiolis (817-898) 30. Aiolis, Ionia, Karia (900-966) 3 1. Lydia to Judea, Persian Empire, Egypt to Numidia (969a- 1035) 32. Modern Imitations. Coin Blanks 33. Coin Blanks and Rejects 34. Coins from the Library of Pantainos North Stoa 35. Plan of the Athenian Agora, ca. 100 B.c., with Sections of Excavation Indicated 36. Plan of the Athenian Agora, 2nd Century after Christ

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

Agora = Ihc Athenian Agora, Results ofExcavations Conductui by thei r u m School ofClassica1Studies at A h , Princeton I1 = M. Thompson, Coinr: From the Roman fhrough the Vinetian Period, 1954 111 = R. E. Wycherley, Literary and Epigraphical Tatimoniu, 1957 IV = R. H. Howland Greek Lamps and 77uir S d , 1958 V = H. S. Robinson, Pottoy ofthe Roman Period: Chronology, 1959 VII =J. Perlzweig, LMps ofthe R o m Period, First to Seventh Centuly after Christ, 1961 X = M. Lang and M. Crosby, Wdiphts, Memres and Zd, 1964 XI1 = B. A. Sparkes and L. Talcott, B h k and Plain Pottery ofthe 6th, 5th and 4th Centuries B.C., 1970 XTV = H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley, The Agora ofAthmr: The Hirfory, Shape, and Uses ofan Ancient Cip Center, 1972

XXII = S. I. Rotroff, Hellentitic Pottery: A h i a n and Imported Moldmade Bowk, 1982

?XIV = A. Frantz, Latc Antiquity: A.D. 267-700, Princeton 1988

Guide = H. A. Thompson, Ihc Athmian Agora: A Guide to the Excavation and Museum, 2nd ed., Athens 1962 Guide3 = H. A. Thompson, Ihc Athmian Agora: A Guide to the Excavation and Museum, 3rd ed., Athens 1976 CUide4 =J. McK. Camp, Ihc Athmian Agora: A Guide to the Excavation and Museum, 4th ed., Athens 1990 GRC = Fred Kleiner, Greek and Roman Coins in the Athmian Agora (Excavations of the Athenian Agora Picture Book No. 15), Princeton 1975 Hespiu, Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens

GENERAL WORKS Amandry = M. Amandry, LG monnayag~ah duovirs corinthk (BCH Supplement 15),Paris 1988 AMUGS = Antike M i m und GGSchni#etu Steine n ANRW= A u f s t i e g u n d N ~ a t l g d e r ~ c h eWelt RAR = Bridrh ArchaeologkalReports Belliiger = A. R. Belliiger, Tmj Th Coins (Troy Supplementary Monographs 2), Princeton 1961 Bingen 1973 =J. Bingen, "Le trtsor monttaire Thorikos 1969," in 17rorlbos VI: 1973, Brussels 1973, pp. 7-59 Bingen 1975 =J. Bingen, "Le trksor de tttradrachmes attiques de stylepi," in lhrikos and the Laurion in Archaic and Classical T i (MhceUQnea Graeca I),Ghent 1975 BMC = Catalogue ofthe Greek Coins in the Bridrh Museum, 29 vols., London 1873-1927 BMCQkxander = M.J. Price, The Coinage in the Namc ofAkxMdn the Great and Philip Awhidaeus, A British Museum Catalogue, Zurich/London 1991 BMCRE = Coinr ofthe Roman E@im in the Bridrh Museum, London 1923Boardman, Greek Sculpture =J. Boardman, Greek Sculpture ofthe Classical P d , London 1985 Boehringer = C. Boehringer, cur Chronologie MiUe2heIlmhtiZcherMiinterien 220-1 60 v. Chx (AMUGS 5), Berlin 1972 (O&mpticheForschungen 5), Berlin 1984 Boi = R. Bol, Das Stutuenflgramm ah H&-A#icur-Xymph Brett 1950 = A. B. Brett, 'Xthena AAKIAAMOC of Pella," ANS'M.hf 4, 1950, pp. 55-72 Bowersock, Augustus = G. W. Bowersock, Augustur and the Creek World, Oxford 1965 Burkert = W. Burkert, HomoNcanr, Berkeley/Los Angeles 1988 Burnett, CRW= A. Burnett, Coinage in the Roman World, London 1987 Buttrey 1981 = T. V: Buttrey, "More on the Athenian Coinage Law of 375/4 B.C.,"M i T i di Numhtica e Antich& Clarsiche 10, pp. 7 1-94 m Siculotwn I, Mortara 1983 Calciati I = R. Calciati, Corpus N -m Skulonun 11, Mortara 1986 Calciati I1 = R. Calciati, Cwpur N Caley = E. R. Caley, Th Composition Ofhcient Greek Btvw Coins ( M m k ofthe American PhilosophicalSo&& 1l), Philadelphia 1939 Camp =J. McK. Camp, The Aihenian Agora, E x c d n s in the He& of ClassicalA h , London 1986

xii

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIOPjS

Carradice = I. Carradice, ed., Coinage and Administration in the Athmian and Pe~siunEmpres (BAR International Series 343), Oxford 1987 Cavaignac = E. Cavaignac, "Les monnaies d'lheusis," RN, ser. 4, 12, 1908, pp. 31 1-333 (= idem, Lc trGsor sum4 d ' ~ & juqu 'en 404, Versailles 1908) Cerfaux and Tondriau = L. Cerfaux and J. Tondriau, Le cuk ah souwrak dam la ati iotas grho-mmahs, Tournai 1957 Clinton 1989a = K. Clinton, "The Eleusinian Mysteries: Roman Initiates and Benefactors, Second Century B.C. to A.D. 267,"ANRW2.18.2, 1989, pp. 1499-1539 Clinton 1989b = K. Clinton, "Hadrian's Contribution to the Renaissance of Eleusis," in GreekRenairsance, pp. 56-68 of the Elmrinian Mys& (Transactions of the American Clinton, Sacred O e l s = K. Clinton, 7Ee Sacred @O Philosophical Society, ser. 2, 64, 3), Philadelphia 1973 A Study in Ancimt Rd@n 111, i, Cambridge 1940 Cook, Zetu = A. B. Cook, Cop = SNG, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Copenhagen 1942-1979 C o d VI = K. A. Edwards, Connth, M 0fExcavdon.s Conductui by &&an School ofClassical Studies at A t h , VI, Coins 18961929, Cambridge, Mass. 1933 Crawford, CMRR = M. H. Crawford, Coinage and Monq wuler th Roman Republdc: Ita& ana' the Medhanean Economy, Berkeley/Los Angeles 1985 Crawford, RRC = M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, London 1974 CRWU = 7Ee Coinage ofthe Roman World in the Latc Republic (&4R International Series 326), A. M. Burnett and M. H. Crawford, eds., Oxford 1987 Ddbs XXVII = F? Bruneau, C. Vatin, K Bezerra de Meneses, G. Donnay, E. Gvy, A. Bovon, G. Siebert, K R. Grace, M. Sawatianou-Pitropoulakou,E. Lyding Will, and T. Hackens, L'Elot de la Mairon des Comidhes (&plor&n arch.iolo&uede &los XXVII), Paris 1970 E U C = J. H. Kroll, 'A Chronology of Early Athenian Bronze Coinage ca. 350-250 B.C.," in Essays %mpson, pp. 139-154 Essays Cum-Jenkins = fisays in Honour ofRobert Carson Md Kmeth Jenkins, M. Price, A. Burnett, and R. Bland, eds., London 1993 Essays Robinson = Essays in Gruk CoiMge RGS&to Strmlty Robinson, C. M. Kraay and G. K. Jenkins, eds., Oxford 1968 = Greek Nutnimdcs and Archaeology: Essays in Honor ofMargaret Thompson, 0 . Markholm and N. M. Essays -son Waggoner, eds., Wetteren 1979 FdD 111, ii = M. G. Colin, Insnrpti0n.s du Ehor ah AiVhiarr (fi& de D e @ h 111, ii), Paris 1909-1 9 13 Ferguson = W. S. Ferguson, Hellmistit A h , London 1911 Fox 1890 = H. B. Earle Fbx, "Note sur quelques momaies attiques," RN, ser. 3, 8, 1908, pp. 58-64 Giovannini = A. Giovannini, RomG et la niculatian d t a b e m Crke au N edch av~t3e.w-Chist,Base1 1978 Grace 1985 = V R. Grace, "The Middle Stoa Dated by Amphora Stamps," Hcsperia 54, 1985, pp. 1-54 Grandjean = C. Grandjean, "Le monnayage d'argent et de bronze d'Hermioni (Argolide)," RN, ser. 6, 32, 1990, pp. 28-55 Greek Runuissancc = Iht Cruk ~ s m in ethe Rmnm Empvc: Papn~jomhe Tenth British Museum Classical Colloquium (University of London Institute for Classical Studies, Bulletin Supplement 55), S. Walker and A. Cameron, eds., London 1989 G f i t h = G. T. G f i t h , 77uMnzmariw ofthe HeUmljtic World, Cambridge 1935 a h Lakcdaimonk (AMUGS 7), Berlin 1978 Grunauer = S. Grunauer-von Hoerschelrnann, Die M~~ Habicht 1976 = C. Habicht, "Zur Geschichte Athens in der Zeit Mithradates VI,"Chzmm 6, 1976, pp. 127-142 des Neuen Stils," Chiron 2 1, 1991, pp. 1-23 Habicht 1991 = C. Habicht, "Zu den Miinvnagistraten der Silberp-g Habicht, Stdim = C. Habicht, SRuiim zur CLsdkhtt Aflunr in hchisiircfur

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ATHENIAN BRONZE, 1ST CENTURY B.C. AND 2ND CENTURY AFTER CHRIST

PLATE 15

ATHENIAN BRONZE, 2ND CENTURY AFTER CHRIST

PLATE 16

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