The Egyptian Heaven and Hell: Volume II (Books on Egypt and Chaldaea, 21) 9781138778924, 9781315762869

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Routledge Revivals

The Egyptian Heaven and Hell: Volume II

This is the second of three volumes, first published in 1906, which explore the Egyptian theology of the afterlife. It contains the complete hieroglyphic text of the short form of the Am-Tuat and of the Book of Gates, with translations and reproductions of all the illustrations. In the Book of Gates the doctrines of the sophisticated cult of Osiris are prominent: they affirm that the beatified live for ever in the kingdom of Osiris. The object of all the Books of the Other W orld was to provide the dead with a ‘guide’ or ‘handbook,’ containing a description of the regions through which their souls would have to pass on their way to the Kingdom of Osiris, and which would supply them with the words of power and magical names necessary for an unimpeded journey from this world to the next.

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The Egyptian Heaven and Hell Volume II

E. A. Wallis Budge

First published in 1906 by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd This edition first published in 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, N Y 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 1906 Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd All rights reserved. N o part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Publisher’s Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact. A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 08021813 ISBN 13: 978-1-138-77892-4 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-1-315-76286-9 (ebk)

B o o k s o n E a p p t a u fc C b a lf c a e a

TH E

EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL BY

E. A. WALLIS BU D G E , M.A., L itt .D., D .L itt ., D .L it . K E E P E R OF T H E EG YPTIAN A N D A SSYRIAN A N T IQ U IT IE S IN T H E BRITISH M USEUM

VOL. II. TH E SHORT FORM

of t h e

BOOK AM-TUAT

AND

TH E BOOK OF GATES

CHICAGO

TH E OPEN COURT PU BLISH IN G CO. LONDON

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. L t d . 1906

This page intentionally left blank

NO TE T h i s volume is the second of a series of three volumes which treat of the Egyptian Heaven and Hell. It contains the complete hieroglyphic text of the Summary, or short form of the B o o k A m - T u a t , and the complete hieroglyphic text of the B o o k o f G a t e s , with translations and reproductions of all the illustrations. A series of Chapters dealing with the origin and contents of Books of the Other World, with prefatory remarks, and a full index to the whole work, will be found in the third volume.

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CONTENTS

The

G

N

oddess

T h e S hort F F

ir s t

H

orm

o

u

Second H T h ir d

H

F

of

rom

the

Sarcophagus

ook

A

of

u

H

the

B

m

-T u a t :—

.......................................................................... 1

r

.................................................................

o u r

o

.................................................................

r

F

ourth

F

if t h

H

o

u

r

.................................................................

S ix t h

H

o

u

r

.................................................................

our

.................................................................

E

ig h t h

N

in t h

H H

E

u

o u

H

leven th

T w elfth

......................................................

o u r

o

Tenth H

.................................................................

our

Seventh H

I.

ut.

I.......................................................Frontispiece

S e ti

H

r

.................................................................

r

.................................................................. .......................................................

our

o

u

r

.......................................................

T he A la b a s te r S a rc o p h ag u s o f S e ti

I.

4 8 13 16 20 25 30 32 34 36 38 43

A p p e n d i x : B e l z o n i ’s A c c o u n t o f h i s D i s c o v e r y o f th e

II.

The B The

ook

W the

T om b o f S e t i of

V

estern

T uat,

e s t ib u l e ,

or

S e t -Am en t et ,

A

n t e -c h a m b e r

guarded

by

With 2 Illustrations

of

Set

80 With 10 I llu s tr a tio n s ........................................................ 86

and

T a t.

III.

T he F ir s t G a te , g u a rd e d

IV.

The

Y.

I........................................ 71

G a t e s :—

S econd A q e b i.

The

T h ir d T c h e tb i.

G

ate,

by S a a - S e t.

S e p t e t -u a u a u ,

guarded

e b t -s -t c h e f a u ,

guarded

With 7 Illustrations . G ate,

N

With 10 Illustrations

.

.

by

.

100 by

119

CONTENTS PAGE

CHAP.

VI.

VII. VIII.

T he F o u rth

G a te , A r it , g u a rd e d

by T e k a - h ra .

With 11 I llu s t r a t io n s ..................................... 139 With 1 Illustra­ tion ...........................................................................158

T h e J u d g m e n t H a l l o f O s ir is .

T he F ifth

G a t e , N e b t - a h a , g u a r d e d b y Set- em -

With 4 Illustrations .

m a a t- f.

IX.

The

X.

The

XI.

The

S ix th

G a te , P e s tit, g u a rd e d

With 27 Illustrations .

m a a t.

S e v e n th hra.

A b - ta .

.

.

.

G a te , B e k h k h i, g u a r d e d

With 9 Illustrations

E ig h t h

.

by A kha-en-

.

.

b y S e t-

.

.

G a te , A a t- s h e fs h e ft, g u a rd e d

With 12 Illustrations .

.

.

.

by

XII.

T he N in th

G a t e , T c h e s e r it, g u a r d e d

XIII.

T h e T e n th

G a t e , S h e ta t- b e s u , g u a r d e d b y Am-

XIV.

. 168 . 190 219 237

by S e th u .

With 10 I llu s t r a t io n s ......................................259 With 12 Illustrations

n e tu - f. T he

E le v e n th Sebi a n d o f th e

G a t e , T e s e r t - b a iu ,

R e r i, o r t h e

T u a t.

.

.

guard e d

E a s te r n V e s t ib u le

With 2 Illustrations

.

. 279

by

. 301

ERRATA P. 10, 1. 3, for “ Then-tent-baiu” read “ Tent-baiu” ; p. 20, 1. 10, for “ Nebt-mu-tuatiu ” read “ Metchet-mu-nebt-Tuatiu ” ; ^ p. 34, 1. 1, for magical powers” read “ her magical powers to those”; p. 113, p. 119, 1. 3, for “ Tchetbi” read “ Nebt-tchefau ”; p. 147, 1. 7. for read ffi.

THE SHORT FORM OF THE

BOOK OF AM-TUAT THE SUMMARY OF THE BOOK OF WHAT IS IN THE UNDERWORLD. T he B eginning of the H orn of A mentet , [ which is ] the U ttermost P oint of the D eepest D arkness .

THE FIRST HOUR. T his god entereth into the earth through the Hall of the horizon of Amentet. There are one hundred and twenty atru to journey over in this Hall before a man arriveth at the gods of the Tuat. The name of the first Field of the Tuat is N et -ra . He (i.e., Ra) allotteth fields to the gods who are in [his] following, and he beginneth to send forth words to and to work out the plans of the divine beings of the Tuat in respect of this Field. Whosoever shall have these made (i.e., copied) VOL. II.

B

2

THE BOOK OF AM-TUAT— SUMMARY

according to the similitude which is in Anient of the Tuat, [and] whosoever shall have knowledge of these similitudes, [which are] the copies of this great god himself, they shall act as magical protectors for him upon earth regularly and unfailingly, and they shall act as magical protectors for him in the Great Tuat. U shemet - h atu -khefti -R a is the name of the [first] hour of the night which guideth this great god through this Hall. I.— F rom

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THE TENTH HOUR. The majesty of this great god taketh up his position in this Circle, and he sendeth forth words to the gods who are in it. A a -kheperu -mes -aru is the name of the gate of this City through which this great god passeth. M etch - qa - utebu is the name of this City. [This is] the secret Circle of Amentet whereto K hepera joineth himself before Ra, and the gods, and the spirits, and the dead cry out from it over the secret representa­ tions (or, images) of A kert . Whosoever shall make [a copy of] these [repre­ sentations] according to the figures which are depicted on the east [wall] of Ament, and whosoever knoweth them by their names shall journey round about in the Tuat, and shall travel through it, and he shall not be driven back, and he shall flourish with Ra. T entenit -hesq -khakabu is the name of the hour of the night which guideth this great god through the secret ways of this City.

THE TENTH HOUR

35

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n f i n A The Gods of the Third Division of the Tuat towing the Boat of Ra.

22

T n ^ i M a jS w * The Eight Bearers of the Boat of the Earth and its Seven Gods.

gods who are within,55 ^ j -|J^ j ? are seated upon it. At the end of this Division stand four mummied forms, with their elbows projecting, and their hands crossed on their breasts. The text

RA PASSES THROUGH THE EARTH-GOD

IO 5

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crm' “ This great god is towed along by the gods of the “ Tuat, and this great god advanceth to the Boat of the “ Earth, which is the bark of the gods. Ra saith unto “ them:—‘ Hail, ye gods who bear up his Boat of “ the Earth, and who lift up the Bark of the Tuat, “ may there be support to your forms and light “ unto your Bark. Holy is he who is in the Boat “ of the Earth. I make to go back the Bark of “ the Tuat which beareth my forms (or, attributes), “ and verily I travel into the hidden habitation to “perform the plans which are carried out therein.’ “ E nnurkhata , E nnurkhata [saith], ‘Praised be the “ Soul which the Double Bull hath swallowed, and “ let the god be at peace with that which he hath “ created/ ” The effect of the above words is to allow the Sungod and his boat to pass through the double bull­

= £ = o

107 headed Boat of the Earth without any let or hindrance, and when he has done this,— “ These gods (i.e., the four gods at the other end of “ the Boat of the Earth) say to R a:—‘ Praised be Ra, “ whose Soul hath been absorbed by the Earth-god! “ Praised be the gods of Ra who hath rested [therein]/ “ This Boat of its Tuat rejoiceth, and there are cries “ from them after Ra hath passed them as he journeyeth “ 011 his way. Their offerings are the plants of the year, RA PASSES THROUGH THE EARTH-GOD

The Tuat-gods address the Utau.

“ and their offerings are given to them when they hear “ the words of those who draw along this great god. “ The gods of the Tuat (?) who [draw] the holy Boat “in the earth say unto the U tau , whose arms are “ hidden:—‘ 0 ye U tau of the earth, whose duty it is to “ stand(?) near his habitation, whose heads are uncovered, “ and whose arms are hidden, may there be air to your “nostrils, 0 U tau , and may your funeral swathings “ be burst open, and may you have the mastery over

io 8

THIRD DIVISION OF THE TUAT

“ your meats, and may “you have peace (or, “ rest) in that which I ja w ; “ have created. Their “ food is of bread “cakes, and th e ir :T4SS!W( “ bread is made of w