The Chinese Garden Flora: Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora 9782759826995

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Current Natural Sciences

Hongwen HUANG

The Chinese Garden Flora Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

This book was originally published by Science Press, © Science Press, 2021.

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Science Press, EDP Sciences, 2021

Editorial Committee of This Book

Chief Editor: HUANG Hongwen Associate Chief Editors: LIAO Jingping ZHAN Qingqing ZHANG Zheng Data Analyser: Zhang Yiqi Editors (in alphabetical order): CHEN Hengbin

CHEN Lei

CHEN Ling

CHEN Tao

CHEN Xinlan

CHENG Yajing

DENG Yunfei

DONG Wenke

DOU Jian

DU Ruirui

GAO Zezheng

GAO Qi

GUO Lixiu

HUANG Ruilan HUANG Hongwen

HU Qiming

LI Airong

LI De

LI Dongmei

LI Lan

LI lin

LI Xiaodong

LI Zhaowen

LIANG Zhenxu

LIAO Jingping

LIAO Lifang

LIN Qiaosheng

LIN Qinwen

LIU Hua

LIU Hongmei

LIU Li’an

LIU Xingjian

LU Qiongmei

NI Jingbo

NING Zulin

PENG Caixia

PENG Xiaoming

QIU Zhijing

SU Jianzhong

SUN Guofeng

TIAN Daike

WANG Hui

WANG Shaoping

WANG Zehuan

WEI Qi

WEI Qiang

WEI Yigang

WU Xing

XIA Nianhe

XIE Juan

XIE Siming

XING Quan

XU Bingqiang

XU Mingying

YANG Keming

YANG Leilei

YANG Qiner

YE Jianfei

YE Yushi

YU Qianxia

ZENG Xiaoping

ZHAN Qingqing

ZHANG Jingfeng ZHANG Lehua

ZHANG Li

ZHANG Zheng

ZOU Lijuan

ZHANG Lingling ZHANG Shouzhou

ZHOU Jing

The Chinese Garden Flora is the first integrative ex situ Flora, it will greatly benefit global ex situ conservation and provide needed basics and mega information services to agriculture, forestry, horticulture, as well as environmental and medicinal industries in future. ——HUANG Hongwen (Professor and Former Director, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences; General Secretary, International Association of Botanic Gardens)

For plants, there are many works such as Flora of China, Economic Plant Flora of China in China, but there is no garden flora or ex situ cultivated flora of China. The latter is more closely related to effective conservation of plant diversity and the sustainable use of plant resources, so compilation and publication of The Chinese Garden Flora are of great significance and very importance. ——XU Zaifu (Professor and Former Director, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

China has a long history of garden plants cultivation and richest ex situ flora. The compilation of The Chinese Garden Flora will enhance the expansion in depth and breadth of ex situ plant conservation in China and even the whole world. ——Vernon Heywood (Professor Emeritus, Reading University, UK)

The Chinese Garden Flora will provide scientific bases for plant ex situ conservation and in-depth discovery of plant resources under current challenges of global climate changes. ——Stephen Blackmore (Professor and Former Regius Keeper, Royal Botanical Garden, Edinburgh)

You are fortunate in that you have government support for your cultivated flora project. It is important and has many applications. ——Tom Elias (Former Director, US National Arboretum)

Note: Above are extracted from the meeting minute of International Consulting Meeting on Ex situ Cultivated Flora of China, November 16, 2012, Guangzhou, China.

Preface The mission and function of a botanical garden are plant living collections, botanical research, and public education. Over the past 500 years, as specialized research institutions of botany, the botanical gardens have always played a key role in basic biological research, collections, evaluation, exploration and sustainable utilization of plant resources, especially in assembling and maintaining living collections and discovering sustainable uses of plants for human society. These research activities are the soul of botanical gardens and the backbone of botanical garden development. The trajectory of scientific research of the world’s botanical gardens over the past 500 years is not only a microcosm of the whole history of biological sciences, but also an unremitting pursuit of mankind’s exploration and utilization of plant resources to benefit the development of economy and human society.

Scientific research in botanical gardens The research and discovery based on plant living collections have played a prominent role in the evolution of botanical sciences. Botanical research is the core and soul of botanical gardens. Botanical gardens are generally characterized as “common gardens” for various research purposes. Many plant taxa (species, genera and families) are cultivated and managed in a relatively consistent protocol under similar environmental conditions, which inspired many great scientists towards numerous theoretical and scientific discoveries and epochal change of early studies of plant classification, taxonomy, floristic studies, flora compilation, biogeography, etc. (see Chapter 1 for details). As the origin of plant taxonomy research, botany had a long historic origin that stemmed out from ancient Greece. Known as the Father of Botany, Theόphrastos (371 BC–287 BC), ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, established the original concept of botany. However, modern plant taxonomy is a product of the European Renaissance. In the early days of modern botanical research, the botanical gardens played a crucial role. For example, Luca Ghini (1490–1556), a famous naturalist and botanist, invented the specimens that were made from live plants and was credited with establishing the first herbarium in the world as the first director of Pisa Botanical Garden in 1544. Carl Linnaeus, the director of Uppsala Botanical Garden from 1741 to 1778, introduced the binomial nomenclature in 1753 in his Species Plantarum, which is recognized as the beginning of modern plant systematic nomenclature, and created a unified biological nomenclature and made original disordered cognition of the plant world in order. Botanical gardens in the 18th–19th centuries landmarked many events. A group of botanical garden directors and well-known botanists made great contributions to plant taxonomy and published many important monographs on families, genera and Flora. For example, the Swedish botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841), director of Montpellier Botanical Garden in France, established a natural classification system of hundreds of plant families, and created the word “Taxonomy”. He was also the founder of natural classification system of “class” rank. The milestone of botanical gardens’ contribution in plant taxonomy is the Engler system founded by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) in Berlin Botanical Garden, Germany, which is still widely used in many herbaria around the world, known as the “plant taxonomy system from botanical gardens”. As innovative research platforms of basic biology, botanical gardens have made indelible contributions to scientific discoveries of biology and the establishment of theoretical systems since 18th century. For example, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle developed the concept of circadian rhythm or “biological clock”, and the concept of “natural war” for bio-origin and evolution. John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861) of Cambridge University, the

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

supervisor and mentor of Darwin, designed the Cambridge Botanical Garden for both scientific verification and botanical teaching of biological hypothesis. During Darwin’s studying at Cambridge University, he was called the “shadow” of Prof. Henslow. They often walked together on campus discussing scientific questions. It was Henslow who recommended the young Darwin to take the global expedition of Beagle, and with Henslow’s thoughts of speciation, Darwin boarded the Beagle and made the five-year scientific expedition. There is no doubt that Henslow’s enlightenment and subsequent guidance were crucial to Darwin’s evolution theory during his stay in Cambridge Botanical Garden. Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), one of the pioneers of the global botanical expeditions, launched botanical expeditions and collections in Antarctica, South Pacific, Himalayas, Indian subcontinent, southern Asia and Palestine, North Africa-Morocco and the western United States, which led to the discovery of many new species and made important contributions to the garden plants introduction to Europe. He also contributed greatly to floras of many other countries and regions, such as the epoch-making works Flora of British India, Flora of Antarctica, Handbook of New Zealand Flora, Niger Flora, Student’s Flora of the British Isles, and Handbook to the Ceylon Flora, etc. He and Bentham edited Handbook of the British Flora which established the formulation and standard of compiling flora that was used for more than 100 years. Lourens Baas Becking (1895–1963), famous Dutch botanist, microbiologist, director of Leiden Botanical Garden in the Netherlands, and director of Bogor Botanical Garden in Indonesia, originated the Baas-Becking hypothesis (1934) that “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects”, which so far has been still widely cited by many microbiologists. As the center of plant introduction, botanical gardens activated crop plants introduction, re-domestication and utilization across continents, regions and countries, which profoundly changed the world economic and social pattern and affected the rise and fall of many countries. Since the end of the 15th century, botanical gardens have played a major role in the introduction and domestication of crop plants. Botanical gardens, first established in Mediterranean coastal countries, are key to the introduction of major food plants and various crops into Europe. For example, Padua Botanical Garden, established in 1545, Italy, began to collect plants on a large scale since 1546, with 1800 species recorded at that time, including maize, potato, tomato, pepper, sunflower, green beans and many other plants from South America. These first botanical gardens were important bases for the introduction and re-domestication of food and crop plants in Europe. In the 16th–18th centuries, the introduction and re-domestication of crop plants in Mediterranean countries led to evolutionary changes of agricultural pattern and natural vegetation, and even changed agricultural, ecological and cultural landscape in southern Europe. In >200 years before the European industrial revolution in the 18th century, introduction and re-domestication of crop plants in Mediterranean countries had a profound impact on modern European civilization. From exploration and collection of plants to establishment of modern plant taxonomy and other disciplines, from the curiosity of exotic plants to changes of large-scale plantations and agricultural production, from changes of food crops production to changes of diet culture, introduced plants had completely changed the economy, social and cultural history of Europe. It’s hard to imagine a European meal nowadays without tomatoes and potatoes. Moreover, expansion of European colonialism in the 18th century gave birth to the rise of botanical gardens in Northern and Western Europe, and plant introduction and collection gradually became a mainstream, further promoting the collection of plants and botanical discovery in America, Africa and Asia. A large number of new plants have been introduced into Europe, while botany has become an independent discipline. For example, Royal Botanical Garden—Kew and Edinburgh and James Veitch & Sons sent or funded a large number of botanists to carry out expeditions and collections, such as David Douglas (1799–1834) hunted Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in North America; Robert Fortune (1812–1880) hunted Chinese tea; Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911) hunted Rhododendrons in Himalayan mountains; and Ernest Henry Wilson (1876–1930) hunted Davidia involucrata and Meconopsis in China. Furthermore, collecting activities of western plant hunters also made botanical gardens as windows for horticultural display, which in turn stimulated the development of European horticultural and nursery industries. As the center of plant ex situ conservation and biodiversity research, the advantage of numerous plant

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species cultivated in the botanical garden is obvious. The botanical garden has become an ideal place and platform for biological research coping to global climate changes. Botanical gardens will still play a vital role in macro- and micro-plant biology research, as well as many other areas in the mega data era. First, in macrobiological fields of plant science, as the origin and focal point of plant taxonomy, botanical gardens have incomparable advantages for comparative or contrastive studies. For example, nowadays comparative floristic geography, comparative phylogeny, comparative functional physiology, and comparative adaptive evolution can still be focuses of research deployment in botanical gardens. The wide spectra of cross-genera, cross-flora and cross-habitat collections of living plants and controllable cultivation owned by botanical gardens provide special convenience for researches in biology, secondary metabolism biology, phytochemistry, epigenetics and other frontier disciplines. Most importantly, botanical gardens played and will be playing a leading role in the global plant inventory, cataloguing, documenting and diversity research. They will also be important research base for ex situ plant conservation and restoration/recovery of threatened and endangered plants. Second, in microbiological fields of plant science, many microbiological researches that rely on the real-time sampling and dynamic analyses of living materials can be effectively supported in botanical gardens. For example, chromosome research in cytogenetics usually needs real-time sampling to do the real-time analysis of mitosis and dynamic changes of chromosomes. Advantages of botanical gardens become more obvious especially in large-scale cross-family and across-genus comparative studies of chromosome behaviors of different plant taxa, and in embryology, cytology, population genomics, metabolomics and other related studies. Third, mega data and omics are becoming focuses and trends. Botanical gardens, as hub of basic biological data accumulated in the long term and research center of basic botany, will create a digitalized world of their living collections and herbaria. It can be foreseen that the construction of today’s botanical garden’s mega data platforms will promote the development of botanical research towards “Integrative Biology”. Multilevel data mining platform in genes, functions, patterns, processes, mechanisms and other comprehensive researches will break through existing cognitive limitations, contribute to the global online database and basic data sharing, and simultaneously support the data mining of mega data platforms for various macro- and microbiological researches, thus showing broad prospects and great vitality. Finally, against the background of global climate change, opportunities and challenges facing biosciences involve many research hotspots and scientific questions. Botanical gardens are not only an important part of global plant diversity conservation, but also important germplasm resources for human understanding of nature, exploring resources and sustainable utilization in responses to global climate changes, such as phenology, restoration ecology, plant migration and geobotany, alien invasive plants, etc.

World garden flora and living collections There are 2118 botanical gardens in the world, widely across different climatic zones and floristic regions. Most importantly they provide habitats for >100,000 vascular plants in ex situ cultivation, accounting for about a third of known world plant species, including many economically important taxa or groups. This ex situ cultivated flora contains an enormous amount of plant diversity in many well documented living collections in different botanical gardens and plays a critical role in the security of plant diversity, and in conservation, sustainable agriculture and other related bio-industries. Overall, Europe has 678 botanical gardens, North America 506 botanical gardens, Asia 499 botanical gardens, South America 173 botanical gardens, Africa 131 botanical gardens, and Oceania 131 botanical gardens, respectively accounting for 32.30%, 23.79%, 23.46%, 8.13%, 6.16% and 6.16% of the total number of botanical gardens in the world. The United States, China, and Australia have more than 100 botanic gardens. The top 10 counties have 56.6% of the total in the world, including the United States, China, Australia, France, India, Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia and Canada. In Africa, there are 131 botanical gardens in 41 countries or regions. African countries with the largest number of botanical gardens are South Africa (22 botanical gardens), Nigeria (18 botanical gardens), but 15 countries have no botanical gardens. Apparently, the lack of capacity of botanical gardens devoted to ex situ flora

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

in Africa and biased distribution of African botanical gardens will hamper ex situ conservation ability to cope with the high risk of rapid loss of plant diversity, especially in many hotspots of plant diversity in Africa. In Asia, there are a total of 499 botanic gardens in 37 countries or regions. Asian countries with the greatest number of botanical gardens are China (161 botanical gardens), India (90 botanical gardens) and Japan (78 botanical gardens). The number of botanical gardens in Asia is impressive, but the disproportionate distribution across Asian countries is still problematic. Many Asian countries with rich plant diversity and a large number of threatened and endangered species are behind of capacity for ex situ conservation and efforts in restoration and recovery initiatives. In Europe, a total of 678 botanical gardens are found in 41 countries. The European countries with the greatest number of botanical gardens are France (90 botanical gardens), Italy (86 botanical gardens), Germany (82 botanical gardens) and Russia (60 botanical gardens). European counties have a long history of botanical garden heritage and well-established capacity in plant conservation, botanical research and plant exploration. In addition, many leading botanical institutions are in Europe, such as Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew and Edinburgh, playing an important role in ex situ conservation worldwide. North America is a continent with the largest number of botanical gardens. A total of 506 botanic gardens are distributed in 25 countries or regions. The United States has the greatest number of botanical gardens (363), followed by Canada (45 botanical gardens) and Mexico (37 botanical gardens). The distribution of botanical gardens in North America reflects the socioeconomic development, instead of rationales of ex situ conservation and capacity for containing the current risk of rapid loss of plant diversity. Given that endemic threatened species should be held ex situ within their original countries and available for ecological or species restoration, the number of botanical gardens in Mexico would be greatly increased, in addition to many plants with crucial solutions to our future agriculture, horticulture and forestry, etc. In South America, there are a total of 173 botanical gardens in 18 countries or regions. Brazil, Argentina and Columbia have the greatest number of botanic gardens, which are 46, 30 and 26 respectively. The number of botanical gardens and conservation capacity are largely under-distributed, particularly in tropic regions with the highest plant diversity and risks of loss of a large number of important species. Many regional hotspots lack active ex situ conservation efforts to rescue threatened and endangered plants, primarily due to socioeconomic situations. In Oceania, Australia has 102 out of 131 botanical gardens in Oceania, followed by New Zealand with 10 botanical gardens. The unique position of botanical gardens in Australia and New Zealand with a great number of endemic plant species in the continent is still undervalued and needs to be re-recognized as a priority of the ex situ conservation as the botanical gardens are the main institutions in this regard. The geographic distribution of the botanical gardens worldwide revealed gaps and challenges of the unevenly distributed garden flora. Recent studies revealed that 91% of recorded accessions and 93% of recorded species are documented from ex situ collections in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting the bias is largely due to the geographical distribution of botanical gardens and species richness in botanical gardens, including socioeconomic factors and metropolitan population size. The biased bio-geographical distribution of the world botanical gardens will hamper global conservation goals. A recent analysis showed substantial bio-geographic gaps in the representation of living collections, with 93% of species held in the Northern Hemisphere and an estimated 76% of species absent from living collections are tropical in origin. The mass extinction of plant species at present is the greatest challenge to humankind. Living collections ex situ in botanical gardens featured world garden flora not only provide security of rapid loss of plant diversity in the wild but also a comprehensive experimental base for research of specific plant groups. Inventory of world garden flora revealed that gymnosperms are highest covered in garden ex situ cultivation, and 90 out of 93 genera have been brought into ex situ conservation in botanical gardens, accounting for approximately 97% of total genera within gymnosperms. Only a few species of Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae and Podocarpaceae are absent from the botanical gardens. This is consistent with the traditional holding of tree species, particularly

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conifers in the history of botanical garden cultivation. Meanwhile, inventorying world garden flora in Angiosperms revealed that a total of 15,487 genera and 388 families have been brought into botanical garden ex situ cultivation, accounting for 75.3% of the total number of genera documented. However, there are as many as 26,892 species were missing from the botanical gardens of the world, although 8726 or 32.4% of the missing species are yet unresolved. A large number of unresolved angiosperm plants confront taxonomic dilemmas and ex situ conservation efforts. Currently, the large number of taxonomically unresolved species presents challenges to plant conservation both in situ and ex situ. Inclusion of all species of plant groups into botanical garden conservation should be encouraged for both taxonomic research and purposes of conservation to impede rapid loss of plant species in facing current Earth’s sixth mass extinction. Pteridophytes in the world garden flora are not as much coverage as that of angiosperms, with a total of 538 genera and 47 families held in botanical gardens, accounting for 69.3% of total genera within pteridophytes. One problem facing pteridophytes ex situ conservation in botanical gardens is that a high percentage of unsolved species involved, which made uncertainty for the conservation status of approximately 2000 species. Bryophytes were not historically attention for botanical garden collections, mostly because of not adequate research information and cultivation techniques available except taxonomic documentation. Therefore only 17.4% of known genera of bryophytes are presented in botanical gardens’ ex situ conservation. Obviously, in centuries of botanical garden development, the purposes and capacity built within the world botanical garden community have not quite fitted into current conservation needs to rescue the rapid disappearance of plant diversity. Traditional skills within the botanical garden community are mostly towards high vascular plants. It has been badly behind of cultivation skills for non-vascular, such as moss and lichen. Furthermore, botanic gardens should be more aggressively responding to the threat of species extinctions because of currently housing at least 13,218 species at risk of extinction, equating to just over 41% of the world’s known threatened flora.

Ex situ Flora of China There are 161 botanical gardens in China (Figure 1), holding ca. 20,000 species in China. Ex situ Flora of China is a new initiative for the garden cultivated flora to address plant diversity conservation and germplasm discovery for sustainable agriculture and the bio-industries. Initiated in 2012, the project aims to catalogue and document the mega-diversity of plants that are currently cultivated in Chinese botanical gardens. The concept of Ex situ Flora of China is to build a brand new formulation for species found in living collections, rely on botanical garden cultivated individuals and populations to obtain better morphological descriptions, and provide multi-purpose applicability and a fundamental data service. Ex situ Flora of China emphasizes integrative information accurately collected from living collection across different botanical Chinese gardens, on biology, phenology, cultivation requirements and uses of plant germplasm, which are normally not available from traditional floras based on herbarium specimens. So in this way, the ex situ flora will provide better information coverage for taxonomy, biological and introduction and collection data, and color photos of the stem, leave, flower, fruit and seed, as well as useful information of cultivating protocols and main uses of each plant. In practice, the Ex situ Flora of China will provide significant support to botanical research and plant germplasm discovery and sustainable use. ① It will enhance taxonomic research with common garden-based living specimens, which are of crucial importance for both adequate and accurate descriptions and the delimitation of difficult taxa whereas traditional taxonomic revisions were based on herbarium specimens; ② It will support comparative biology and frontline plant science research. With increasing awareness of environmental and habitat changes in overall context of climate change on plant distributions in situ, the Ex situ Flora will provide intensive plant biological information from different gardens across a wide spectrum of different latitudes, regional climates and habitats in relation to the research on plant adaptive evolution,

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

migration and distribution shifts and physiological or/and biochemical changes, etc.; ③ It will strengthen germplasm discovery and sustainability of plant resource, which should enhance the current programs in medicinal, industrial bio-energy, landscaping and ornamental plants, new functional fruits and vegetables and environmental meliorating plants, etc. The Ex situ Flora of China will include ca. 300 families, >3000 genera and approximately 16,000–20,000 species from ex situ living collections. Since the Ex situ Flora of China is a long-term project, the three-phase outputs of project have been planned and implemented. The checklist of ex situ cultivated plants in China was the first phase output and was published in 2014 as a benchmark species list of the project. The second phase of the three planned outputs of the Ex situ Flora of China was the 13-volume Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora which were completed and published by 2017. The encyclopedia aimed to concisely format each species with brief text description and color photographs from living collections so as to illustrate the main features of each species. The contents mainly include the Chinese name, Latin name, brief text of identification feature and an on-site photograph of the living plant. However, in view of long history and original records of ex situ living collections, some entries are not synchronized with updated taxonomic revisions, so that the editorial strategy of encyclopedia has been insisting on the principle of “respect historical facts and advance with the times”. Some taxa have reasonably been adjusted and combined according to updated revisions of systematics. The Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora includes one volume for pteridophytes and gymnosperms and 12 volumes for angiosperms, all arranged in alphabetical order by the Latin name of families. In each volume, each family is also arranged alphabetically by the Latin names of genera and species. For convenience, all books are indexed by Chinese plant names and Latin names. A total of 16,226 species belonging to 311 families and 3168 genera are included in the encyclopedia. The third phase is the core component of the project, Ex situ Flora of China. So far, sixteen family volumes have been published (Table 1). These sixteen out of approximately 80 volumes in the 15–20 years or even longer time frame have been considered pioneer volumes and trials of compilation formats. Many lessons have been learned that will lead to better understandings of status and facing problems of ex situ flora and garden living collections so that implementations of other volumes of the Ex situ Flora of China can be better organized in the future. Table 1 Information in the published volumes of Ex situ Flora of China Volume

Participating botanic gardens

Numbers of families

Numbers of genera

Numbers of species

Magnoliaceae

10

1

11

147

Myrsinaceae

6

1

6

90

Melastomataceae

9

1

16

40

Euphorbiaceae

6

1

58

176

Zingiberaceae

6

1

20

149

Acanthaceae

16

1

45

152

Aloe (Liliaceae)

8

1

1

180

Desert plant

2

30

79

133

Hamamelidaceae

9

1

17

53

Begoniaceae

4

1

1

173

Cactaceae

7

1

57

186

Urticaceae

4

1

14

101

Iridaceae

6

1

11

73

Lauraceae

10

1

18

112

Theaceae

8

1

11

112

Caprifoliaceae

16

2

16

165

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The Ex situ Flora of China is the multi-decade project. Although project initiation and progress in early phases were promising and have attracted much interest from both the botanical field and botanical gardens communities as well as the public, the project is still facing many challenges. Nevertheless, the Ex situ Flora of China is the first integrative ex situ flora and will greatly benefit global ex situ conservation and provide basic and mega information services to agriculture, forestry, horticulture and medicinal industries in the future. The financial support from the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program of China “Compilation of Ex Situ Cultivated Flora of Botanical Gardens” (2015FY210100) and Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Ecology and Environment (No. 8-3-7-20-10) are gratefully acknowledged. HUANG Hongwen June 2020

Contents I Overview of Botanical Garden Based Research.......................................................................................................... 1 1 Botanical gardens and significance of plant living collections on biological discovery .................................. 1 1.1 Linnaeus and taxonomy .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Henslow and Darwin on speciation and evolution............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Augustin Pyramus de Candolle on the concept of circadian rhythm or chronobiology ............................. 3 1.4 Hooker & son and Kew Gardens ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Baas-Becking hypothesis and Leiden Botanical Garden ................................................................................... 4 2 Typical research activities in the history of botanical gardens ..........................................................................................5 2.1 Invention of plant specimens and herbaria .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Binomial nomenclature and taxonomy research in botanical gardens ........................................................... 5 2.3 Flora compilation and botanical gardens ............................................................................................................. 6 3 Center of plant introduction, re-domestication and dissemination of crop plants.................................................. 7 3.1 Introduction, domestication and spread of food and other crop plants in Europe in the 16th–17th centuries ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Introduction and spread of crop plants dominated by European colonialists since the 18th century ...... 9 4 Plant ex situ conservation and biodiversity research ............................................................................................... 11 4.1 Macrobiological fields of plant science ............................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Microbiological fields of plant science ................................................................................................................ 13 4.3 Research directions of the botanical garden in the age of mega data ............................................................ 13 4.4 Responses to global climate change ..................................................................................................................... 13 II World Garden Flora ............................................................................................................................................................ 19 1 Botanical gardens in the world ..................................................................................................................................... 19 1.1 Africa......................................................................................................................................................................... 20 1.2 Asia ............................................................................................................................................................................ 20 1.3 Europe ....................................................................................................................................................................... 20 1.4 North America ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 1.5 South America ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 1.6 Oceania ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 2 Living collections and extent of plant diversity of the world garden flora ........................................................ 22 2.1 Inventory of world garden flora in Gymnosperms ........................................................................................... 23 2.2 Inventory of world garden flora in Angiosperms ............................................................................................. 24 2.3 Inventory of world garden flora in Pteridophytes ............................................................................................. 34 2.4 Inventory of world garden flora in Bryophytes ................................................................................................. 35 2.5 Specially assembled living collections ................................................................................................................. 41 III Ex situ Flora of China ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 1 Formulation of Ex situ Flora of China ....................................................................................................................... 46 2 Ex situ Flora of China compared with Flora of China........................................................................................... 49 2.1 Alien plants .............................................................................................................................................................. 49 2.2 Economic and useful plant species ...................................................................................................................... 50

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

2.3 Taxa entry and boundary ...................................................................................................................................... 51 2.4 Passport data ............................................................................................................................................................ 52 2.5 Phenological data .................................................................................................................................................... 52 2.6 Taxonomic system .................................................................................................................................................. 53 3 Progress and outputs ....................................................................................................................................................... 53 3.1 Checklist of ex situ cultivated plants in China ................................................................................................... 53 3.2 Encyclopedia of Chinese garden flora................................................................................................................. 54 3.3 Ex situ Flora of China ............................................................................................................................................. 55 4 Editorial aspects in future .............................................................................................................................................. 55 IV Introduction to Families of Angiospermae ............................................................................................................. 57 1. Acanthaceae 爵床科 ................................................................................................................................................... 57 2. Aceraceae 槭树科 ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 3. Actinidiaceae 猕猴桃科............................................................................................................................................. 66 4. Agavaceae 龙舌兰科 .................................................................................................................................................. 68 5. Aizoaceae 番杏科......................................................................................................................................................... 71 6. Alangiaceae 八角枫科 ............................................................................................................................................... 75 7. Alismataceae 泽泻科 .................................................................................................................................................. 76 8. Amaranthaceae 苋科.................................................................................................................................................. 77 9. Amaryllidaceae 石蒜科.............................................................................................................................................. 79 10. Anacardiaceae 漆树科 ............................................................................................................................................. 81 11. Ancistrocladaceae 钩枝藤科 .................................................................................................................................. 83 12. Annonaceae 番荔枝科 ............................................................................................................................................ 84 13. Apocynaceae 夹竹桃科 ........................................................................................................................................... 87 14. Aponogetonaceae 水蕹科 ....................................................................................................................................... 91 15. Aquifoliaceae 冬青科 ............................................................................................................................................... 92 16. Araceae 天南星科 .................................................................................................................................................... 95 17. Araliaceae 五加科................................................................................................................................................... 102 18. Arecaceae 棕榈科 ................................................................................................................................................... 106 19. Aristolochiaceae 马兜铃科 ................................................................................................................................... 119 20. Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 .......................................................................................................................................... 121 21. Balanophoraceae 蛇菰科 ...................................................................................................................................... 130 22. Balsaminaceae 凤仙花科 ...................................................................................................................................... 131 23. Basellaceae 落葵科 ................................................................................................................................................. 132 24. Begoniaceae 秋海棠科........................................................................................................................................... 133 25. Berberidaceae 小檗科 ............................................................................................................................................ 138 26. Betulaceae 桦木科 .................................................................................................................................................. 142 27. Bignoniaceae 紫葳科 ............................................................................................................................................. 144 28. Bixaceae 红木科 ...................................................................................................................................................... 147 29. Bombacaceae 木棉科 ............................................................................................................................................. 148 30. Boraginaceae 紫草科 ............................................................................................................................................. 149 31. Bretschneideraceae 伯乐树科 .............................................................................................................................. 151 32. Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 ............................................................................................................................................. 152 33. Buddlejaceae 醉鱼草科 ......................................................................................................................................... 158 34. Burmanniaceae 水玉簪科..................................................................................................................................... 159

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35. Burseraceae 橄榄科 ................................................................................................................................................ 160 36. Butomaceae 花蔺科 ............................................................................................................................................... 161 37. Buxaceae 黄杨科..................................................................................................................................................... 162 38. Cabombaceae 莼菜科 ............................................................................................................................................ 163 39. Cactaceae 仙人掌科 ............................................................................................................................................... 164 40. Callitrichaceae 水马齿科 ...................................................................................................................................... 174 41. Calycanthaceae 蜡梅科 ......................................................................................................................................... 175 42. Campanulaceae 桔梗科......................................................................................................................................... 176 43. Cannaceae 美人蕉科 ............................................................................................................................................. 178 44. Capparaceae 山柑科 .............................................................................................................................................. 179 45. Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科............................................................................................................................................ 180 46. Cardiopteridaceae 心翼果科 ................................................................................................................................ 184 47. Caricaceae 番木瓜科 ............................................................................................................................................. 185 48. Caryophyllaceae 石竹科........................................................................................................................................ 186 49. Casuarinaceae 木麻黄科 ....................................................................................................................................... 188 50. Celastraceae 卫矛科 ............................................................................................................................................... 189 51. Ceratophyllaceae 金鱼藻科 .................................................................................................................................. 192 52. Cercidiphyllaceae 连香树科 ................................................................................................................................. 192 53. Chenopodiaceae 藜科 ............................................................................................................................................ 193 54. Chloranthaceae 金粟兰科 .................................................................................................................................... 196 55. Cistaceae 半日花科 ................................................................................................................................................ 197 56. Clethraceae 桤叶树科 ............................................................................................................................................ 197 57. Cochlospermaceae 弯子木科 ............................................................................................................................... 198 58. Combretaceae 使君子科 ....................................................................................................................................... 199 59. Commelinaceae 鸭跖草科 .................................................................................................................................... 200 60. Compositae 菊科 .................................................................................................................................................... 202 61. Connaraceae 牛栓藤科 ......................................................................................................................................... 218 62. Convolvulaceae 旋花科 ......................................................................................................................................... 219 63. Coriariaceae 马桑科 ............................................................................................................................................... 222 64. Cornaceae 山茱萸科 .............................................................................................................................................. 222 65. Costaceae 闭鞘姜科 ............................................................................................................................................... 224 66. Crassulaceae 景天科 .............................................................................................................................................. 226 67. Cruciferae 十字花科 .............................................................................................................................................. 231 68. Crypteroniaceae 隐翼科 ........................................................................................................................................ 234 69. Cucurbitaceae 葫芦科............................................................................................................................................ 235 70. Cunoniaceae 南蔷薇科 ......................................................................................................................................... 238 71. Cyclanthaceae 巴拿马草科 .................................................................................................................................. 238 72. Cyperaceae 莎草科................................................................................................................................................. 239 73. Daphniphyllaceae 虎皮楠科 ................................................................................................................................ 245 74. Datiscaceae 野麻科 ................................................................................................................................................ 246 75. Davidiaceae 珙桐科................................................................................................................................................ 246 76. Diapensiaceae 岩梅科............................................................................................................................................ 247 77. Dichapetalaceae 毒鼠子科.................................................................................................................................... 248 78. Didiereaceae 龙树科 .............................................................................................................................................. 248

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79. Dilleniaceae 五桠果科 ........................................................................................................................................... 249 80. Dioscoreaceae 薯蓣科 ........................................................................................................................................... 250 81. Dipentodontaceae 十齿花科 ................................................................................................................................ 252 82. Dipsacaceae 川续断科 ........................................................................................................................................... 253 83. Dipterocarpaceae 龙脑香科 ................................................................................................................................. 254 84. Droseraceae 茅膏菜科........................................................................................................................................... 255 85. Ebenaceae 柿科 ....................................................................................................................................................... 256 86. Elaeagnaceae 胡颓子科 ......................................................................................................................................... 258 87. Elaeocarpaceae 杜英科 .......................................................................................................................................... 259 88. Elatinaceae 沟繁缕科............................................................................................................................................. 261 89. Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 ................................................................................................................................................ 261 90. Eriocaulaceae 谷精草科 ........................................................................................................................................ 267 91. Erythroxylaceae 古柯科 ........................................................................................................................................ 268 92. Eucommiaceae 杜仲科 .......................................................................................................................................... 268 93. Euphorbiaceae 大戟科........................................................................................................................................... 269 94. Eupteleaceae 领春木科.......................................................................................................................................... 279 95. Fagaceae 壳斗科 ..................................................................................................................................................... 279 96. Flacourtiaceae 大风子科 ....................................................................................................................................... 284 97. Gentianaceae 龙胆科 ............................................................................................................................................. 286 98. Geraniaceae 牻牛儿苗科 ...................................................................................................................................... 288 99. Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 ......................................................................................................................................... 289 100. Goodeniaceae 草海桐科 ..................................................................................................................................... 297 101. Gramineae 禾本科 ............................................................................................................................................... 297 102. Guttiferae 藤黄科 ................................................................................................................................................. 316 103. Haemodoraceae 血皮草科 ................................................................................................................................. 318 104. Haloragaceae 小二仙草科 .................................................................................................................................. 319 105. Hamamelidaceae 金缕梅科................................................................................................................................ 319 106. Hernandiaceae 莲叶桐科.................................................................................................................................... 322 107. Hippocastanaceae 七叶树科 .............................................................................................................................. 322 108. Hippocrateaceae 翅子藤科................................................................................................................................. 323 109. Hippuridaceae 杉叶藻科 .................................................................................................................................... 324 110. Hydrocharitaceae 水鳖科 ................................................................................................................................... 325 111. Hydrophyllaceae 田基麻科 ................................................................................................................................ 326 112. Icacinaceae 茶茱萸科 .......................................................................................................................................... 327 113. Illiciaceae 八角科.................................................................................................................................................. 328 114. Iridaceae 鸢尾科 ................................................................................................................................................... 329 115. Juglandaceae 胡桃科............................................................................................................................................ 331 116. Juncaceae 灯心草科 ............................................................................................................................................. 333 117. Juncaginaceae 水麦冬科 ..................................................................................................................................... 334 118. Labiatae 唇形科 .................................................................................................................................................... 335 119. Lardizabalaceae 木通科....................................................................................................................................... 343 120. Lauraceae 樟科...................................................................................................................................................... 345 121. Lecythidaceae 玉蕊科 .......................................................................................................................................... 352 122. Leguminosae 豆科................................................................................................................................................ 353

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123. Heliconiaceae 蝎尾蕉科 ..................................................................................................................................... 370 124. Lemnaceae 浮萍科 ............................................................................................................................................... 371 125. Lentibulariaceae 狸藻科...................................................................................................................................... 372 126. Liliaceae 百合科.................................................................................................................................................... 373 127. Linaceae 亚麻科.................................................................................................................................................... 386 128. Loganiaceae 马钱科 ............................................................................................................................................. 387 129. Loranthaceae 桑寄生科 ...................................................................................................................................... 388 130. Lowiaceae 兰花蕉科 ............................................................................................................................................ 389 131. Lythraceae 千屈菜科 ........................................................................................................................................... 390 132. Magnoliaceae 木兰科 .......................................................................................................................................... 392 133. Malpighiaceae 金虎尾科..................................................................................................................................... 396 134. Malvaceae 锦葵科 ................................................................................................................................................ 398 135. Marantaceae 竹芋科 ............................................................................................................................................ 400 136. Melastomataceae 野牡丹科................................................................................................................................ 403 137. Meliaceae 楝科 ...................................................................................................................................................... 405 138. Melianthaceae 密花科 ......................................................................................................................................... 408 139. Menispermaceae 防己科..................................................................................................................................... 408 140. Menyanthaceae 睡菜科 ....................................................................................................................................... 410 141. Molluginaceae 粟米草科 .................................................................................................................................... 411 142. Moraceae 桑科 ...................................................................................................................................................... 412 143. Moringaceae 辣木科 ............................................................................................................................................ 416 144. Musaceae 芭蕉科.................................................................................................................................................. 417 145. Strelitziaceae 鹤望兰科 ....................................................................................................................................... 418 146. Myricaceae 杨梅科............................................................................................................................................... 419 147. Myristicaceae 肉豆蔻科 ...................................................................................................................................... 419 148. Myrsinaceae 紫金牛科 ........................................................................................................................................ 420 149. Myrtaceae 桃金娘科 ............................................................................................................................................ 423 150. Najadaceae 茨藻科 ............................................................................................................................................... 427 151. Nelumbonaceae 莲科 .......................................................................................................................................... 428 152. Nepenthaceae 猪笼草科 ..................................................................................................................................... 428 153. Nyctaginaceae 紫茉莉科..................................................................................................................................... 429 154. Nymphaeaceae 睡莲科 ........................................................................................................................................ 430 155. Nyssaceae 蓝果树科 ............................................................................................................................................ 431 156. Ochnaceae 金莲木科 ........................................................................................................................................... 432 157. Olacaceae 铁青树科............................................................................................................................................. 433 158. Oleaceae 木犀科 ................................................................................................................................................... 434 159. Onagraceae 柳叶菜科 ......................................................................................................................................... 438 160. Opiliaceae 山柚子科 ............................................................................................................................................ 439 161. Orchidaceae 兰科 ................................................................................................................................................. 440 162. Orobanchaceae 列当科 ....................................................................................................................................... 458 163. Oxalidaceae 酢浆草科 ......................................................................................................................................... 459 164. Pandanaceae 露兜树科 ....................................................................................................................................... 460 165. Papaveraceae 罂粟科 ........................................................................................................................................... 461 166. Passifloraceae 西番莲科...................................................................................................................................... 463

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167. Pedaliaceae 胡麻科 .............................................................................................................................................. 464 168. Pentaphylacaceae 五列木科 ............................................................................................................................... 465 169. Philydraceae 田葱科 ............................................................................................................................................ 466 170. Phrymaceae 透骨草科......................................................................................................................................... 466 171. Phytolaccaceae 商陆科 ........................................................................................................................................ 467 172. Piperaceae 胡椒科 ................................................................................................................................................ 468 173. Pittosporaceae 海桐花科 .................................................................................................................................... 470 174. Plantaginaceae 车前科 ........................................................................................................................................ 471 175. Platanaceae 悬铃木科.......................................................................................................................................... 472 176. Plumbaginaceae 白花丹科 ................................................................................................................................. 473 177. Podostemaceae 川苔草科 ................................................................................................................................... 474 178. Polemoniaceae 花荵科 ........................................................................................................................................ 475 179. Polygalaceae 远志科 ............................................................................................................................................ 475 180. Polygonaceae 蓼科 ............................................................................................................................................... 477 181. Pontederiaceae 雨久花科 ................................................................................................................................... 480 182. Portulacaceae 马齿苋科 ...................................................................................................................................... 481 183. Potamogetonaceae 眼子菜科............................................................................................................................. 482 184. Primulaceae 报春花科 ........................................................................................................................................ 483 185. Proteaceae 山龙眼科 ........................................................................................................................................... 486 186. Punicaceae 石榴科 ............................................................................................................................................... 488 187. Pyrolaceae 鹿蹄草科 ........................................................................................................................................... 488 188. Rafflesiaceae 大花草科 ........................................................................................................................................ 489 189. Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 ........................................................................................................................................ 490 190. Rhamnaceae 鼠李科 ............................................................................................................................................ 495 191. Rhizophoraceae 红树科 ...................................................................................................................................... 498 192. Rhoipteleaceae 马尾树科.................................................................................................................................... 499 193. Rosaceae 蔷薇科 ................................................................................................................................................... 500 194. Rubiaceae 茜草科 ................................................................................................................................................. 516 195. Rutaceae 芸香科 ................................................................................................................................................... 525 196. Sabiaceae 清风藤科 ............................................................................................................................................. 529 197. Salicaceae 杨柳科 ................................................................................................................................................. 530 198. Salvadoraceae 刺茉莉科 ..................................................................................................................................... 532 199. Santalaceae 檀香科............................................................................................................................................... 532 200. Sapindaceae 无患子科......................................................................................................................................... 533 201. Sapotaceae 山榄科 ............................................................................................................................................... 536 202. Sargentodoxaceae 大血藤科 .............................................................................................................................. 537 203. Sarraceniaceae 瓶子草科 .................................................................................................................................... 537 204. Saururaceae 三白草科 ......................................................................................................................................... 538 205. Saxifragaceae 虎耳草科....................................................................................................................................... 539 206. Schisandraceae 五味子科 ................................................................................................................................... 543 207. Scrophulariaceae 玄参科 .................................................................................................................................... 544 208. Simaroubaceae 苦木科 ........................................................................................................................................ 549 209. Solanaceae 茄科 .................................................................................................................................................... 549 210. Sonneratiaceae 海桑科 ........................................................................................................................................ 553

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211. Sparganiaceae 黑三棱科 ..................................................................................................................................... 553 212. Sphenocleaceae 尖瓣花科................................................................................................................................... 554 213. Stachyuraceae 旌节花科 ..................................................................................................................................... 554 214. Staphyleaceae 省沽油科...................................................................................................................................... 555 215. Stemonaceae 百部科............................................................................................................................................ 556 216. Sterculiaceae 梧桐科 ............................................................................................................................................ 557 217. Stylidiaceae 花柱草科.......................................................................................................................................... 560 218. Styracaceae 安息香科 .......................................................................................................................................... 560 219. Symplocaceae 山矾科 .......................................................................................................................................... 562 220. Taccaceae 蒟蒻薯科............................................................................................................................................. 563 221. Tamaricaceae 柽柳科 .......................................................................................................................................... 564 222. Tetracentraceae 水青树科 .................................................................................................................................. 565 223. Theaceae 山茶科 .................................................................................................................................................. 566 224. Thymelaeaceae 瑞香科........................................................................................................................................ 571 225. Tiliaceae 椴树科 ................................................................................................................................................... 573 226. Trapaceae 菱科 ..................................................................................................................................................... 575 227. Trochodendraceae 昆栏树科 ............................................................................................................................. 575 228. Tropaeolaceae 旱金莲科..................................................................................................................................... 576 229. Turneraceae 时钟花科 ........................................................................................................................................ 577 230. Typhaceae 香蒲科 ................................................................................................................................................ 577 231. Ulmaceae 榆科 ...................................................................................................................................................... 578 232. Umbelliferae 伞形科 ............................................................................................................................................ 580 233. Urticaceae 荨麻科 ................................................................................................................................................ 585 234. Valerianaceae 败酱科 .......................................................................................................................................... 590 235. Verbenaceae 马鞭草科........................................................................................................................................ 591 236. Violaceae 堇菜科 .................................................................................................................................................. 595 237. Vitaceae 葡萄科 .................................................................................................................................................... 597 238. Xanthorrhoeaceae 黄脂木科.............................................................................................................................. 600 239. Xyridaceae 黄眼草科 ........................................................................................................................................... 600 240. Zingiberaceae 姜科............................................................................................................................................... 601 241. Zygophyllaceae 蒺藜科 ....................................................................................................................................... 610 Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae .......................................................................................................... 612 1. Araucariaceae 南洋杉科.......................................................................................................................................... 612 2. Cephalotaxaceae 三尖杉科 ..................................................................................................................................... 612 3. Cupressaceae 柏科 .................................................................................................................................................... 613 4. Cycadaceae 苏铁科................................................................................................................................................... 615 5. Ephedraceae 麻黄科................................................................................................................................................. 617 6. Ginkgoaceae 银杏科 ................................................................................................................................................ 617 7. Gnetaceae 买麻藤科 ................................................................................................................................................ 618 8. Pinaceae 松科 ............................................................................................................................................................ 619 9. Podocarpaceae 罗汉松科 ........................................................................................................................................ 622 10. Stangeriaceae 蕨铁科 ............................................................................................................................................. 623 11. Taxaceae 红豆杉科 ................................................................................................................................................ 623 12. Taxodiaceae 杉科.................................................................................................................................................... 624

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13. Welwitschiaceae 百岁兰科 ................................................................................................................................... 625 14. Zamiaceae 泽米铁科.............................................................................................................................................. 626 VI Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta ........................................................................................................ 628 1. Acrostichaceae 卤蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................ 628 2. Adiantaceae 铁线蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................. 628 3. Angiopteridaceae 观音座莲科 ............................................................................................................................... 629 4. Antrophyaceae 车前蕨科........................................................................................................................................ 630 5. Aspidiaceae 叉蕨科 .................................................................................................................................................. 631 6. Aspleniaceae 铁角蕨科............................................................................................................................................ 633 7. Athyriaceae 蹄盖蕨科.............................................................................................................................................. 635 8. Azollaceae 满江红科 ................................................................................................................................................ 638 9. Blechnaceae 乌毛蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................. 638 10. Bolbitidaceae 实蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................. 639 11. Botrychiaceae 阴地蕨科........................................................................................................................................ 640 12. Cheiropleuriaceae 燕尾蕨科 ................................................................................................................................ 641 13. Christenseniaceae 天星蕨科 ................................................................................................................................ 641 14. Cyatheaceae 桫椤科 ............................................................................................................................................... 642 15. Davalliaceae 骨碎补科 .......................................................................................................................................... 643 16. Dennstaedtiaceae 姬蕨科...................................................................................................................................... 644 17. Dicksoniaceae 蚌壳蕨科 ....................................................................................................................................... 645 18. Dipteridaceae 双扇蕨科 ........................................................................................................................................ 646 19. Drynariaceae 槲蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................. 646 20. Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 ................................................................................................................................... 647 21. Elaphoglossaceae 舌蕨科 ...................................................................................................................................... 652 22. Equisetaceae 木贼科 .............................................................................................................................................. 652 23. Gleicheniaceae 里白科 .......................................................................................................................................... 653 24. Grammitidaceae 禾叶蕨科 ................................................................................................................................... 654 25. Gymnogrammitidaceae 雨蕨科........................................................................................................................... 654 26. Hemionitidaceae 裸子蕨科 .................................................................................................................................. 655 27. Huperziaceae 石杉科 ............................................................................................................................................. 656 28. Hymenophyllaceae 膜蕨科................................................................................................................................... 657 29. Hypodematiaceae 肿足蕨科 ................................................................................................................................ 657 30. Isoetaceae 水韭科 ................................................................................................................................................... 658 31. Lindsaeaceae 鳞始蕨科 ......................................................................................................................................... 659 32. Lomariopsidaceae 藤蕨科..................................................................................................................................... 659 33. Loxogrammaceae 剑蕨科 ..................................................................................................................................... 660 34. Lycopodiaceae 石松科 ........................................................................................................................................... 660 35. Lygodiaceae 海金沙科 ........................................................................................................................................... 661 36. Marsileaceae 蘋科................................................................................................................................................... 662 37. Monachosoraceae 稀子蕨科 ................................................................................................................................ 662 38. Nephrolepidaceae 肾蕨科 ..................................................................................................................................... 663 39. Oleandraceae 条蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................. 664 40. Onocleaceae 球子蕨科 .......................................................................................................................................... 664 41. Ophioglossaceae 瓶尔小草科 .............................................................................................................................. 665

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42. Osmundaceae 紫萁科............................................................................................................................................ 665 43. Parkeriaceae 水蕨科............................................................................................................................................... 666 44. Peranemaceae 球盖蕨科 ....................................................................................................................................... 667 45. Plagiogyriaceae 瘤足蕨科 ..................................................................................................................................... 667 46. Platyceriaceae 鹿角蕨科........................................................................................................................................ 668 47. Polypodiaceae 水龙骨科 ....................................................................................................................................... 669 48. Psilotaceae 松叶蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................. 673 49. Pteridaceae 凤尾蕨科 ............................................................................................................................................ 673 50. Pteridiaceae 蕨科 .................................................................................................................................................... 675 51. Salviniaceae 槐叶苹科 ........................................................................................................................................... 676 52. Schizaeaceae 莎草蕨科 .......................................................................................................................................... 676 53. Selaginellaceae 卷柏科........................................................................................................................................... 677 54. Sinopteridaceae 中国蕨科 .................................................................................................................................... 678 55. Thelypteridaceae 金星蕨科 .................................................................................................................................. 679 56. Vittariaceae 书带蕨科 ........................................................................................................................................... 681 57. Woodsiaceae 岩蕨科.............................................................................................................................................. 682 References ................................................................................................................................................................................... 683

I

Overview of Botanical Garden Based Research

Over the past 500 years, as a specialized research institution of botany, the botanical gardens have always played a key role in botanical research, conservation, and application of plant resources. They have a profound scientific connotation, engaging comprehensively in the basic biological research on plant, as well as collection, evaluation, exploration and sustainable utilization of plant resources. They assemble and maintain living collections and discover sustainable uses of plants for human society. Despite various purposes the botanical gardens are set up for, these research activities are the soul of botanical gardens and the backbone of botanical garden development. The earliest botanical gardens were established in the middle of the 16th century, such as Padua Botanical Garden in Italy in 1545, devoted to the study of plants. Botanical gardens in the 16th–17th centuries focused on studies of medicinal plants and the development of new drugs. However, since the 18th–20th centuries, research activities in botanical gardens rapidly expanded into plant taxonomy and gradually towards various branches of botany, such as plant morphology, organs and anatomy, phenology, plant chemistry, genetics and even today’s plant molecular biology, genomics and metabolomics, etc. The advanced trajectory of scientific research of the world botanical gardens over the past 500 years is not only a microcosm of the whole era of biological sciences, but also an unremitting pursuit of mankind exploration and utilization of plant resources to benefit the development of economy and human community (Huang et al., 2015; Huang, 2018a).

1 Botanical gardens and significance of plant living collections on biological discovery The research and discovery based on plant living collections have played a prominent role in the evolution of botanical sciences. Botanical research is the core and soul of botanical gardens. Historical literature records that the botanical gardens and their living collections were the inspiration and research resources of many great scientists, such as Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others. Botanical gardens, as the most important research and teaching platform of plant biology during the 18th–19th centuries, made indelible contributions to scientific discoveries and the establishment of theoretical systems. During this period, the botanical gardens provided a good research environment and convenient observation of living plants, and thus promoted botany and biology. The following stories of botanical gardens and renowned scientists are worth mentioning (Huang et al., 2015; Huang, 2018a).

1.1

Linnaeus and taxonomy

After many years of his European study tours, Carl Linnaeus returned to his hometown, Sweden, in 1738 and joined Uppsala University, his alma mater. Soon in 1741, he became a professor of botany at the university and also director of the Uppsala Botanical Garden until he died in 1778. Over more than 30 years of his professional career, he focused on research and teaching in the Uppsala Botanical Garden. In nearly 40 years after he published Systema Naturae in 1735, Linnaeus devoted his whole life to establishing classification systems of animals, plants and even minerals. Especially after 1741, when he was in charge of the reconstruction of the Uppsala Botanical Garden, he adopted his classification system in the garden design

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

and living plants allocation, and made tremendous efforts to prove the feasibility of his theory (Blunt, 2002). Although Linnaeus system was replaced by other natural systems in the late 19th century due to its obvious subjectivity, and no longer used in plants configuration design of botanical gardens (Jarvis, 2007), his Philosophia Botanica published in 1751 elaborated key points of management and plant cultivation of botanical gardens (Freer, 2003). In addition, Linnaeus’ teaching of botany was usually carried out in botanical gardens. Students were encouraged to trust the practice instead of academic authority. Obviously, botanical gardens made a valuable contribution to the foundation and development of plant taxonomy in the 18th–19th centuries (Huang, 2018a).

1.2

Henslow and Darwin on speciation and evolution

Darwin’s The Origin of Species published in 1859 is considered to be a landmark in the history of biological science. In the 20 years before the publication, Darwin was influenced and enlightened by several masters in biology. The most important one is the founder, designer and leader of Cambridge Botanical Garden, Prof. John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861) of Cambridge University. He was the supervisor and mentor of Darwin. Henslow designed the Cambridge Botanical Garden for the purposes of both scientific verifications of experiments and botanical teaching of biological theory hypothesis. As early as 1829, Henslow developed a mature idea of species definition and applied it in his teaching, and Darwin was the most passionate student in the class. During Darwin’s studying at Cambridge University, he was called the “shadow” of Prof. Henslow. They often walked together on campus discussing scientific questions. It was Henslow who recommended the young scientist to take the global expedition of Beagle, and with Henslow’s thoughts of speciation Darwin boarded the Beagle and made the five-year scientific expedition. During the voyage, Darwin wrote many letters to Henslow and collected plants according to his instructions. There is no doubt that Henslow’s enlightenment and guidance were crucial to Darwin’s evolution theory during his stay in Cambridge Botanical Garden (Walters & Stow, 2001). It’s worth mentioning that Henslow devoted his lifetime to the design and management of Cambridge Botanical Garden. He abandoned the design of medicinal botanical garden in the 16th century, planned the botanical garden in arboretum set, and devoted himself to botanical research. All plants in the garden are planted according to his natural system layout. As early as the 1920s, Henslow focused on studying species variation and the nature of species by comparing plant populations in the botanical garden with those in the wild. He made three basic conclusions: ① the range and characteristics of continuous variation of populations determine the nature of species; ② nature of “strange types” phenomena, such as sudden variation of flower or leaf shape, is the result of abnormal mutation; and ③ the characteristics of hybrids are dominated by nature (Parker, 2006). Henslow’s observation and research results are still valuable till today. To highlight these three basic points – variation, mutation, and hybridization, Henslow made a unique design in collecting and preserving living plants in the botanical garden of Cambridge University. For example, the central axis of the Garden was an east-west gymnosperm avenue, and Henslow collected and planted the most widely distributed European Pinus nigra in comparison with four subspecies of Pinus nigra, which revealed a continuous variation of species. P. nigra var. nigra in central Europe is unbranched, densely growing and with very short needles apically, and slender and pendulous branches at basal, while P. nigra var. salzmannii from Pyrenees Mountains on the opposite side of the avenue showed strong upward branching, forming an open and extended crown and long curved needles. This unique design answered Henslow’s question: “Is this group of plants one species or two species?” Obviously, Henslow intended to explain one of the principles in modern plant science through plant configuration of the botanical garden: “interspecific variation”. Henslow’s obsession with hybridization is also reflected in the study and observation of Platanus, i. e, P. orientalis, P. occidentalis and two other species of P. × acerifolia (London plane) and P. × acerifolia ‘Cantabriensis’ (Cambridge plane), which might have hybrid origin with P.

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acerifolia. They were assembled in a special collection for experimental observation (Parker, 2006; Huang, 2018a).

1.3

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle on the concept of circadian rhythm or chronobiology

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841), Swiss botanist, created the word “Taxonomy” and established the natural classification system of “class” rank. After working in France for years, he was appointed as the director of the botanical garden of Montpellier University in 1810. In many years of botanical garden-based researches and practices, Candolle made detailed and important studies on biological phenomena, among which a significant one is the finding of day-night rhythm. Candolle’s observation showed that Mimosa pudica has a 22–23 hour leaf opening and closing cycle under continuous light, which is significantly less than the Earth’s 24-hour cycle rhythm. Therefore, he hypothesized that there was a bio-clock corresponding to circadian rhythm: the shortening cycle was due to the delay or regulation of environmental signals. He also proposed that the clock was endogenous. The hypothesized biological clock had been questioned when other scientists explored various possibilities of “endogenous” factors under earth’s light-dark rhythm cycle. It was until the mid-1920s, Erwin Bünning, a German scientist, known as the father of the modern biological clock, reaffirmed Candolle’s hypothesis (Bünning, 1936). Candolle’s contributions to biology in the 1900s reach far beyond botany. He put forward the concept of “natural war” for bio-origin and evolution, expounded the “life and death” competition among plants, and underlined the competition of space and resources for the survival of different species. This view had a great influence on Darwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin had studied Candolle’s “natural system” in 1826, and he thought that it was a little extreme of “natural war”. Thus, Darwin chose a smarter expression, “natural selection”. During Candolle’s visit to London in 1938, Darwin entertained him and they discussed some current events. Furthermore, Candolle made great contributions in plant geography, paleontology, agronomy and economic botany (Huang, 2018a).

1.4

Hooker & son and Kew Gardens

William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865) and Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), father and son, successively served as the director of Royal Botanical Garden, Kew in the UK for more than 40 years. They made remarkable achievements in botany research. Under their leadership, Kew developed into an international research center of contemporary botany. William Jackson Hooker became the director of Kew Gardens in 1841. He was an outstanding expert in bryophytes and cryptogams, and published works such as British Jungermanniae and Flora Scotica. His contributions to the development of Kew Gardens are mainly reflected in two aspects. First, he persuaded the British government to support the global botanical expedition and encourage botanists of Kew Gardens to investigate hotspots of global plant diversity. Obviously, the expedition and plant collection activities carried out by Kew Gardens during the 19th–20th centuries fitted into the needs of British colonial expansion. Second, under his leadership, Kew Gardens expanded from the original 4 hm2 to 30.4 hm2, and built up a 108-hm2 arboretum and several greenhouses, and he was also credited with establishing new botanical disciplines such as economic botany (Desmond, 1995). Joseph Dalton Hooker was appointed assistant director in 1855, and replaced his father becoming the director in 1865 and served the position in the next 20 years. He was one of the pioneers of the global botanical expeditions. His expeditions and collections in Antarctica and the South Pacific, Himalayas, Indian subcontinent, southern Asia and Palestine, North Africa-Morocco and the western United States led to the discovery of many new species and made important contributions to the garden plants in Europe (Desmond, 1999; Goyder et al., 2012). He founded the geographic botany, and made great achievements in geographical patterns of regional plant distributions and disjunct distribution of plant groups across

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

continents. His field expedition and botanical discovery laid the foundation for Kew Gardens’ leading position in the world. Furthermore, his reputation is also connected with Darwin’s theory of evolution. He was one of the contributors and firm supporters to Darwin’s early evolutionism. When The Origin of Species was published in 1859, Darwin especially thanked Joseph Dalton Hooker for his profound knowledge and comprehensive judgments. During the difficult period before and after the publication of The Origin of Species, Darwin was very grateful for his supports and wrote in autumn 1858 shortly after the release of the theory of evolution by natural selection that Hooker was “the one living soul from whom I have constantly received sympathy” (Endersby, 2009). In 2017, Kew Gardens organized a special exhibition of Hooker’s photography, journals and art work to celebrate the 200th anniversary of his birth (Desmond, 1995; Huang, 2018a).

1.5

Baas-Becking hypothesis and Leiden Botanical Garden

Lourens Baas Becking (1895–1963) is a famous Dutch botanist and microbiologist. He was once the director of Leiden Botanical Garden in the Netherlands and the director of Bogor Botanical Garden in Indonesia. He is the originator of the Baas-Becking hypothesis (1934). Baas Becking studied botany and microbiology in Holland in his early years, and worked in the laboratory of Morgan, a Nobel Laureate known as the “father of modern genetics”. In 1923, Baas was employed by Stanford University to teach economic botany and plant physiology. During his stay at Stanford, he conducted extensive research on extremophiles of salt lakes in the western United States and methane deposition lakes in California. He returned to Holland in 1930, where he served as a professor of botany and director of the botanical garden of Leiden University. In Leiden, he formulated the Baas-Becking’s hypothesis that “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects”, and then published the well-known monograph Geobiology. Obviously, the Baas-Becking hypothesis was conceived in Leiden Botanical Garden. Baas Becking also credited the first half of this hypothesis to his colleague Martinus Beijerinck, so the hypothesis is also known as “Beijerinck and Baas-Becking hypothesis”. The hypothesis described distribution pattern of microbial diversity and elaborated that microorganisms are naturally and widely distributed all over the world, but the selection of their specific environments determined the existence of certain microbial populations (Veendorp & Baas Becking, 1938). So far, the theory is still widely cited by many microbiologists. Baas Becking also made great contributions to Bogor Botanical Garden in Indonesia. In 1941, he was sent to Java, Indonesia, as the director of Bogor Botanical Garden. There, he planned and established Purwodadi Garden and carried out scientific research for tropical arid forests (Huang, 2018a). Botanical gardens in the 18th–19th centuries played an important role in the theoretical innovation of plant science, and many scientists made contributions in this regard. Gregor Johann Mendel (1822–1884), founder of modern genetics and breeding, carried out experiments on peas in Augustine Abbey Botanical Garden in the city of Brunn and discovered the law of inheritance-Mendelian law. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855–1935) put forward the hypothesis of asexual hybridization and climate similitude acclimatization in his cultivation gardens. Luther Burbank (1849–1926) conducted numerous plant breeding in his family botanical garden. However, after the 19th century, the botanical garden’s role in scientific research was gradually replaced by more specialized institutions and breeding companies such as national agricultural research institutes and universities. In some botanical gardens, the function of scientific research even disappeared. Nevertheless, botanical gardens still play a leading role in fields of the basic biology of botany, resource plants research, applied botany, etc.(Huang and Zhang, 2012; Huang et al., 2015; Huang, 2018a).

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2 Typical research activities in the history of botanical gardens The essence of a botanical garden is its living collections and its three major functions – research, conservation and education (Watson et al., 1993). In the mid-16th and 17th centuries, many medicinal botanical gardens established by European universities cultivated and displayed medicinal plants for the teaching and discovery of medicinal herbs or new natural drugs. They also served as sources of standardized medicinal materials, as well as a way to promote research on plant classification. With the global exploration in the second half of the 18th century, many European botanical gardens expanded their living plant collections and became scientific institutions for the study of plant diversity. They increasingly focused on taxonomy, which led to the advance in modern plant taxonomy, large-scale cultivation and utilization of economic plants, and development of various branches of botany (Heywood, 1987). The tropical botanical gardens established during the colonial period promoted the introduction, domestication, and dissemination of economic plants, and played an important role in the development of modern agricultural production model and agricultural industries. Since the 19th and 20th centuries, due to the prosperity of cities, municipal botanical gardens have emerged with ornamental value and for public leisure needs. At the same time, more specific botanical gardens have been set up for collections of wild relatives of crop plants, plants of horticultural value or plants of special group. Since the 1970s and especially the 1980s, conservation of rare, threatened and endangered plants has gradually become a consensus in the botanical garden community. In the 1990s, conservation of plant diversity became an important issue for modern botanical gardens, and these gardens entered a new era of serving as scientific institutions for biodiversity research and conservation (Huang, 2018a, 2018b).

2.1

Invention of plant specimens and herbaria

Botany has a long historic origin that stemmed out from ancient Greece. Known as the Father of Botany, Theόphrastos (371BC–287BC), ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, established the original concept of botany. However, as a fundamental discipline of modern plant science, plant taxonomy is a product of the European Renaissance. In the early days of modern botanical research, the botanical gardens played a crucial role. For example, Luca Ghini (1490–1556), a famous naturalist and botanist, founded Pisa Botanical Garden in 1544. As the first director of Pisa Botanical Garden, he invented the specimens that were made from live plants and was credited with establishing the first herbarium in the world. The invention of specimens innovated the approach of taxonomy research, making it possible for scientists to study the live plants in the laboratory without the restriction of time and location, and allowing plant specimens to be collected, systematically classified, and studied in herbaria for centuries. This invention overcame the time limit of field observations and made it feasible to examine plant morphology and structure anytime and anywhere. Moreover, it also relieved the heavy labor of plant painters in the 15th century who had to draw pictures to preserve the original appearance of plants. Although many great painters, such as Leonardo Di Serpiero Da Vinci (1452–1519) and Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528), left behind many plant paintings, these paintings have little traces in the history of plant taxonomy research (Huang, 2018a).

2.2

Binomial nomenclature and taxonomy research in botanical gardens

The application of binomial nomenclature in the 18th century marked the new era of animal and plant taxonomy. The Swiss botanist Gaspard Bauhin (1560–1624) began to use the binomial nomenclature to list and describe thousands of plants in his book Pinax Theatric Botanici published in 1596. The binomial

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naming method was later systematized and popularized by Linnaeus (1707–1778). In 1753, when Linnaeus worked in the Uppsala Botanical Garden, he published the Species Plantarum and introduced the binomial nomenclature, which is recognized as the beginning of modern plant systematic nomenclature. Although Linnaeus himself didn’t realize the significance of binomial nomenclature, in the next 10 years, his fellow botanists such as Johannes Burman, Pehr Osbeck, Nicolaas Lourens Burman, Nicholas Jacquin, and William Hudson began to follow him to use this nomenclature to name species. By 1770, the nomenclature had been well accepted internationally and widely used in the botanical community, which created a unified biological nomenclature and made original disordered cognition of the plant world in order (Jarvis, 2007). Besides Linnaeus’s achievement, botanical gardens in the 18th–19th centuries have become the research center of plant taxonomy. A group of botanical garden directors and botanists made great contributions to plant taxonomy and published a large number of monographs on families, genera and flora (Heywood, 2015). For example, Giovanni Arcangeli (1840–1921), director of Pisa Botanical Garden in 1882, first proposed the concept of subspecies on Compendio della Flora Italiana and published his idea in 1892, which was widely praised by the botanical community. The genus Arcangelisia in the family of Menispermaceae was named after him to commemorate his contribution to plant taxonomy. The Swedish botanist, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841), director of Montpellier Botanical Garden in France, was long committed to studying the level of plant families and their evolutionary relationships, and established a natural classification system among hundreds of plant families in the early period going down in history. In addition, he named many species and genera of plants. Antonio José Cavalilles (1745–1804), a well-known Spanish botanist and president of the royal botanical garden of Madrid, devoted himself to the study of plant taxonomy, and named at least 100 genera, 54 of which are still in use, such as Dahlia, Calycera, Cobaea and Oleandra, etc. The milestone of botanical gardens’ contribution in plant taxonomy is the Engler system founded by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) in Berlin Botanical Garden, Germany. Engler was a professor at the University of Berlin from 1889 to 1921 and served as the director of Berlin Botanical Garden for 32 years. He devoted his life to plant taxonomy and systematics. He published the syllabus of plant families in 1892 (Engler, 1892), which was continuously reprinted and supplemented until the mid-1980s. The syllabus is the first relatively complete plant taxonomy system in the history. It is still widely used in many herbaria around the world, known as the “plant taxonomy system from botanical gardens” (Huang, 2018a).

2.3

Flora compilation and botanical gardens

When we talk about the European natural science in the 16th century, a botanical heavyweight, Carolus Clusius (1526–1609), must be mentioned. Clusius was a renowned botanical garden expert, founder and first director of Leiden Botanical Garden. He devoted his whole life to botanical gardens and horticulture. He published the earliest Spanish Flora, Austrian and Hungarian Alpine Flora and other well-known monographs. He was also the founder of the Dutch tulip industry and the most influential horticulturist in the 16th century. His achievements in plant taxonomy are greatly admired by later generations. Many plants are named after him, such as Clusiaceae, Clusia, Gentiana clusii, Potentilla clusiana, Primula clusiana, Tulipa clusiana, etc. Flora, as a register of plant identity, is the baseline data for the inventory of plant diversity and documenting and studying plants. It is the most basic scientific work in botany and the most important information carrier for botany research. Botanical gardens around the world made outstanding contributions to the compilation and research of floras. For example, Joseph Dalton Hooker, director of Kew Gardens during 1865–1885, identified the flora of many countries and regions in the world. In 1847–1851, he investigated the flora of British India through four years of field expedition, plant collection and

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cataloguing in India and the Himalayas. His earlier expeditions and collection of plants in Australia and Pan Antarctica laid the foundation for the modern flora of Australia. The Flora of Antarctica published in 1844–1859 is still an important reference for countries and regions in that part of the world. Moreover, Joseph Dalton Hooker contributed greatly to floras of many other countries and regions, for example, Handbook of New Zealand Flora, Niger Flora, The Student’s Flora of the British Isles, and Handbook to the Ceylon Flora. He and Bentham edited Handbook of the British Flora which established the formulation and standard of compiling flora that was used for more than 100 years (Turrill, 1963). The effort made by Kew Gardens and Joseph Dalton Hooker is only an epitome of botanical gardens all over the world in leading and promoting flora compilation in the 16th–19th centuries. Now, the botanical gardens are still leading the compilation and research of floras. The 24-year project, compilation of Flora of China (1989–2013), is a typical example. The English version Flora of China is composed based on the 80 volumes and 126 books of Flora of China (Chinese version), and has comprehensively revised the pteridophytes and seed plants in China. It includes 25 text volumes and 24 plate volumes, which is the flora with the largest number of recorded plant species (31,362 species) and volumes in the world so far, and is a masterpiece in the history of world botany. In addition to Chinese botanists and taxonomists, 293 botanists from botanical gardens or research institutions of 29 countries participated in the compilation and research. In particular, many well-known botanical gardens in China and abroad, such as the botanical gardens under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Missouri Botanical Garden US, Royal Botanical Garden, Kew UK, and Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh UK, made tremendous contributions (Blackmore et al., 2013). At present, Chinese botanical gardens play a leading role in cataloguing, evaluating and exploiting plant resources. Compilation of Chinese garden flora for ex situ cultivated plants aims to record over 20,000 plant species cultivated in about 160 botanical gardens in China. The project is formulated a long-term goal at the objectivity of individual and groups cultivated characteristics at the species level, the practicability of plant resource uses and service of fundamental data, comprehensively documenting and compile of biological, phenological, cultivation and propagation information and use the information of ex situ cultivated plants. It will become an important guide and baseline data for native plant resources, conservation of plant diversity, sustainable utilization of resources and ecological restoration in China (Huang et al., 2017; Huang, 2018a).

3 Center of plant introduction, re-domestication and dissemination of crop plants The introduction, domestication and spread of crop plants are the vital clues of human cultivation history. All ancient civilizations were closely related to these agronomic methods (Huang et al., 2015). Since the 16th century, various of crop plants have been exchanged across continents, regions and countries, which profoundly changed the world and affected the rise and fall of many countries. Throughout the long record of introduction and domestication of crop plants, botanical gardens have played a major role since the end of the 15th century, and their contributions need to be re-recognized (Heywood, 2011, 2012). Although how most plants were introduced into Europe and how they spreaded across the world were not well documented, records revealed that in the post-Columbian period, botanical gardens played an active role in the introduction of major plants into Europe. The infomation is listed in Table 1 (Huang, 2018a).

3.1

Introduction, domestication and spread of food and other crop plants in Europe in the 16th–17th centuries

Botanical gardens, first established in Mediterranean coastal countries in Europe, played a crucial role in introduction of major food plants and various crops into Europe (Table 1). Obviously, the introduction of crop

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table 1

Important plant Introductions during the post-Columbian period*

Main crop plant introductions in the 15th–17th centuries

Time introduced into Europe

Time introduced into China

Pepper (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens)

1493

Before 1591

Maize (Zea mays)

1494

1520–1550

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1494

1520

Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Before 1550

1820

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1750

1865

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, P. lunatus, P. coccineus etc.)

1500

Before 1563

Pineapple (Ananas comosus)

1502

Before 1558

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

Before 1526

1570–1580

Avocado (Persea americana syn. Persea gratissima)

Before 1519

1918

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

1568

1573–1620

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1512

Before 1617

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Before1550

1624

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

1565–1570

Before1650

Pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.)

1570

Before1538

Sweetsop (Annona cherimolia)

1751–1797

1614

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)

1528

1922

Alpine ginger (Helianthus tuberosus)

1607

End of the 18th century

Passion fruit (Passiflora caerulea)

1610

1724

Main plant introductions by colonial botanical gardens in the 18th–19th centuries

Name of botanical gardens (time established)

Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (1787)

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)

Kew Gardens was introduced in 1876, then re-introduced to Bogor Botanical Garden (Indonesia) and Singapore Botanical Garden

Cassava (Manihotes culenta)

Pamplemousses Botanical Garden (Mauritius) (1767)

Coffee (Coffea arabica)

Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (1787)

Breadfruit tree (Artocarpus altilis)

St Vincent Botanic Garden (1764)

Quinoline tree (Cinchona officinalis, C . pubescens)

Bogor Botanical Garden (1817)

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

St Vincent Botanic Garden (1764)

Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea)

St Vincent Botanic Garden (1764)

Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense)

St Vincent Botanic Garden (1764)

Western coconut palm (Metroxylon sagu)

Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (1787)

Dates (Phoenix dactylifera)

Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (1787)

*Data source: Huang, 2018a

plants from South American changed the economic, social and cultural processes in Europe. Activities of introduction and domestication carried out by the botanical gardens were usually called post-Columbian plant introduction and dissemination, because plant collection and introduction made by Columbus from the New World during 1492–1504 was quite limited, and the first batch of botanical gardens in Europe was not born in the end of 15th and early 16th century (Crosby, 1972). The first recorded introduction and domestication of plants happened in the 16th century. Padua Botanical Garden, established in 1545, Italy, began to collect plants on a large scale since 1546, with 1800 species recorded at that time (Belon, 1588). According to the plant catalogue of Padua Botanical Garden in 1591, maize, potato, tomato, pepper, sunflower, green beans and many other plants from South America had been cultivated and evaluated in the garden. Although the nomenclature in the middle of 16th century was quite different from that at present and there are still questions about the identification and traceability of many plants, there is no doubt that early botanical gardens located in European Mediterranean coastal countries laid a foundation for the introduction and subsequent domestication of South American plants.

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In addition, many plants from all over the world, such as pear, apple, peach, plum, apricot, cherry, almond, blackberry, blackcurrant, raspberry, etc., were also introduced in large numbers (Cappelletti, 1995). In the 16th century, voyage and colonization started from the Mediterranean coast regions, such as Spain, Portugal, Italy and France, and then extended to other European countries, which greatly promoted the collection and spread of plants. For example, Clusius, the founder of Leiden Botanical Garden Netherlands, wrote to the board of directors of Dutch East India Company to encourage onboard doctors and crew of expedition fleet to collect plant specimens and exotic plant materials for the botanical garden to conduct scientific and application research. This large-scale plant exploration and collection lasted for more than three centuries. Plant species cultivated in Leiden Botanical Garden increased from about 1000 in 1594 to over 6000 in 1720 (Stafleu, 1969). Many botanical gardens in Europe were involved in competitions on plant exploration, expedition, collection, and classification. Meanwhile, the European traditional botanical gardens changed from medical function to research centers of crops and ornamental plants. A large number of plant species, whether for scientific, economic or horticultural purposes, had been introduced into Mediterranean countries and beyond, which in turn enhanced re-introduction and re-domestication of important crop plants. Because of climate differences, acclimatization gardens were first established in Spain, such as Cartagena, Cordoba, Barcelona, Aranjuez, Madrid, Burgos, Sevilla, Carmona, Cádiz, La Orotava and Valencia. Early orangeries, ferneries and other simple greenhouses were also used to study conservation and acclimatization of introduced plants (Puerto Sarmiento, 2002). Michel Angelo Tilli (1655–1740) was the first one who conducted greenhouse research and acclimatization of tropical plants in Italy. In 1685, he became a professor of Botany at the University of Pisa and director of Pisa Botanical Garden. He collected and acclimatized a large number of tropical plants from Asia, America and Africa, such as pineapple and coffee, which were highly praised by Linnaeus. During this period, the introduction and re-domestication of crops, gardens and economic plants from all over the world became a top priority in European botanical gardens. In Mediterranean countries, particularly in Spain and Italy, botanical gardens sprung up everywhere. Although the sizes of these botanical gardens were very small, they played an important role in the introduction and re-domestication of South American plants. Even some private manors joined the trend of plant introduction and acclimatization, and a large number of greenhouses for lemon, orange, and fern emerged. For example, Giardino Botanico Hanbury in Italy was a specialized botanical garden for acclimatization of exotic plants. In 1689, 3500 plants were listed in the garden catalogue, most of which were newly-introduced alien species (Agostini, 2007). Quite a number of botanical gardens focused on the introduction and re-domestication of alien plants. In the 16th–18th centuries, the introduction and re-domestication of crop plants in Mediterranean countries led to evolutionary changes of agricultural pattern and natural vegetation, and even greatly changed agricultural, ecological and cultural landscape in southern Europe (Heywood, 2012). In the 18th century, 200 years before the European industrial revolution, crop introduction and re-domestication profoundly influenced the modern European civilization. The initial exploration and collection of plants gradually became the establishment of modern plant taxonomy and other disciplines. People’s curiosity of exotic plants encouraged the large scale plantations and agricultural production. The changes of crops production also led to changes in diet culture. It’s hard to imagine what a European meal nowadays would look like without tomatoes and potatoes (Huang, 2018a).

3.2

Introduction and spread of crop plants have dominated by European colonialists since the 18th century

In the 16th–17th centuries, after the peak of the South American plants’ introduction and acclimatization in Europe, globalization of the economic crop plant industry had been intensified by voyage and plant hunting. Meanwhile, the expansion of European colonies led to the re-introduction and a wider spread of crop plants, which directly led to profound changes in the economic and social forms of the colonies (Table 1). For example, the colonists of the British West Indies developed agricultural industries through slave trades, producing

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sugarcane, tobacco and other cash crops and gaining great wealth, which further stimulated plant hunting and exploration of economic plants. There is no doubt that the greed of colonists together with the great value of plants changed world economic and social forms and patterns. The spread of economic plants among colonial countries had become a common scenario. Development of coffee is a typical example. After developed coffee plantations in India in the early 18th century, the Netherlands established coffee plantations in Java, Sumatra, Bali, East Indies and other colonies. The Dutch transported coffee seeds from Java to Amsterdam greenhouses for propagation, and then distributed them to greenhouses across Europe for cultivation. The French began planting coffee in Martinique in the West Indies in 1715; the Portuguese brought the seeds to Brazil from the colony of Goa in India; and then the Spanish further brought the seeds from Brazil to Cuba (Heywood, 2011). We can tell from the trajectory of natural science that the voyage and the new-world-rediscovery kindled the curiosity of naturalists to study plants and their desire to conduct a comprehensive survey of nature. Botanists were keen to collect and introduce rare plants, while the New World provided laboratories without walls. Therefore, America was regarded as a botanical garden in Europe, providing vast virgin land, suitable climate and extremely rich flora. Meanwhile, expansion of European colonialism in the 18th century gave birth to the rise of botanical gardens in Northern and Western Europe, and plant introduction and collection gradually became mainstream, further promoting collection of plants and botanical discovery from America, Africa and Asia. A large number of new plants have been introduced into Europe and exploited, while botany has become an independent discipline. Since the 18th–19th centuries, plant exploration and collections in botanical gardens, especially British botanical expeditions and collections over the world, had a profound impact. Royal Botanical Garden, Kew and Edinburgh and James Veitch & Sons sent or funded a large number of botanists to carry out expeditions and collections, such as David Douglas (1799–1834) hunted Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in North America; Robert Fortune (1812–1880) hunted Chinese tea; Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911) hunted Rhododendrons in Himalayan mountains, and Ernest Henry Wilson (1876–1930) hunted Davidia involucrata and Meconopsis in China and so on. Furthermore, collecting activities of western plant hunters also made botanical gardens as windows for horticultural display, which in turn stimulated the development of European horticultural and nursery industries. Economic botany emerged as the times require, which gradually became an independent branch of botany. Two forerunners of botanical gardens had made great contributions in practice. Clusius, the first director of Leiden Botanical Garden in the Netherlands, became the first director of Leiden Botanical Garden in 1592 after completing the design and planning of the Austrian Imperial Palace Botanical Garden. Clusius brought tulip germplasm resources he collected for many years and guided long-term hybrid breeding program and genetic improvement of tulips, making the plant initially found in Central Asia later become one of the pillar industries in the Netherlands. Philip Miller (1691–1771), the director of Chelsea Medical Botanical Garden in England, was one of the founders of the practice and theory of economic botany. He carried out extensive domestication research and commercial practice of economic plants in Chelsea Medical Botanical Garden. For example, his cotton breeding and improvement gave birth to cotton production in the Southern United States in the 18th century, and his introduction and domestication of Rubia tinctorum led to the British dye industry (Huang, 2018a). Since the 18th century, a large number of propagation materials such as seeds and cuttings collected from America, Africa, Asia, Middle East, East and West Indies of Europe needed to be concentrated and transported, which had expanded and reshaped the distribution pattern of the world botanical gardens. Many colonial tropical botanical gardens emerged timely. During the 300 years from the 18th to 20th century, a number of botanical gardens in the tropics were successively established as plant introduction centers, which played a huge role in the introduction, re-domestication and spread of economic plants (Table 1). The main function of these botanical gardens was to meet the economic and social development needs of colonial rule, that is, to collect, preserve, evaluate and explore plant resources needed by global agriculture, raw material industry, forestry and horticultural industry. The history of plantations and industrial development of coffee, tea, rubber and oil palm in

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colonial countries, and the role of Royal Botanical Garden, Kew in plant introduction have been reported in details (Holttum, 1970; Brockway, 1979; Heywood, 1985). Obviously, the introduction and re-domestication of plants in tropical botanical gardens of colonies were very extensive. In addition to the botanical gardens listed in Table 1, there were many well-known botanical gardens, such as Peradeniya Botanical Garden in Sri Lanka, Lalbagh Botanical Garden in India, Bath Botanical Garden in Jamaica, etc. From the end of 19th century to the middle of 20th century, a large number of colonial oriented experimental gardens for plant introduction and re-domestication were also established. For example, the Italian Colonial Botanical Garden (Giardino Coloniale) established in Sicily in 1903 was specialized in experiments of economic plants, including Mediterranean citrus (hybrid, Citrus × deliciousa), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), ramie (Boehmeria nivea), candlenut (Aleurites moluccana), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and many other that were introduced, evaluated and disseminated; in 1832, France established Jardin d’Essais Botaniques in Morocco, North Africa, to introduce and re-domesticate fruit trees and garden plants; and a tropical botanical garden established by Portugal in Lisbon in 1906 was engaged in the introduction research and teaching of tropical plants (Heywood, 2015; Huang, 2018a). However, in the middle of 20th century, especially after World War II, botanical gardens in Europe, US and their colonies were no longer the center of plant introduction and re-domestication. The functions of collecting, evaluating and utilizing plant resources were replaced by professional agricultural research institutes and experiment platforms. From the perspective of the development trend since the beginning of the 20th century, the weakening of the introduction and re-domestication function of botanical gardens caused by specialized research institutions of agriculture and botany was doomed(Heywood, 2011). However, since the end of 20th century, due to global climate change and rapid loss of plant diversity, botanical gardens, particularly those in developing countries, started to pay more attention to the collection and research of plant resources (Huang, 2018a).

4 Plant ex situ conservation and biodiversity research Since the end of the 20th century, loss of biodiversity has been a concern to the international botanical community. China, as one of the world’s richest countries in terms of plant diversity, has made great progress in plant diversity conservation since the 1980s. The global leading role of China in the strategy for plant conservation was highly appreciated in an assessment report of Convention on Biological Diversity. The progress of research on plant ex situ conservation of Chinese botanical gardens in particular has attracted global attention. Since the establishment of Hong Kong Botanical Park in 1871, the majority of Chinese botanical gardens were built after 1950 except for a few dominated by foreign countries. China’s modern botanical gardens have a history of a little more than 130 years. At present, there are about 160 botanical gardens, forming a complete system of plant collection, conservation and research. China’s botanical gardens are well distributed over China’s main climatic and vegetation zones, including 32 botanical gardens in tropical humid regions, 79 in subtropical regions, 76 in temperate regions, three in cold temperate regions and one in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and there are about 1,000 various specialized living collections or sub-gardens (Huang, 2018b). Chinese botanical gardens have collected and cultivated about 23,000 species belonging to 3,633 genera from 396 families. Among them, 20,000 species, 2,911 genera and 288 families are native plants, accounting for 60%, 86% and 91% of China’s native higher plants respectively (Huang and Zhang, 2012), but accounting for approximately 25% of the total number of living plant collections in the world’s over 2,000 botanical gardens (Huang et al., 2017; Mounce et al., 2017). Furthermore, germplasm evaluation, exploration and utilization of source plants continue to be extensively carried out across China’s botanical gardens, which have become the mainstream of R&D and guidance in the global botanical garden community since the middle of the 20th century. A recent survey showed that in recent years, China’s botanical gardens have released 1,352 new plant cultivars, with 494 PVR (plant variety right) granted and 452 new cultivars authorized by the state. Moreover, China’s botanical gardens have been involved in more than ten thousand garden ornamentals/reforestation tree species extension activities. In addition, 748 drugs/drug compounds, 281 functional food and 653 new fruit tree cultivars

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

are registered and promoted. Achievements made by China’s botanical gardens in ex situ conservation, discovery and utilization of plant resources are unique, and have been considered a model of resource plant research and development in the international botanical garden community (Huang, 2018b). In the 21st century, plant biological studies in botanical gardens under the overall background of climate change have become one of the focuses of plant science. The advantage of numerous plant species cultivated in the botanical garden is obvious – the botanical garden has become an ideal place and platform for biological research to cope with global climate change. ① Botanical gardens are generally characterized as “common garden” for various research purposes. Many plant taxa (species, genera and families) are cultivated and managed according to relatively consistent protocols under similar environmental conditions, which brings more advantages and convenience to large-scale and long-term monitoring studies. ② Plant taxa collected and cultivated in the botanical garden come from different climatic zones around the world and cover different flora and ecological communities, which is conducive to systematic and in-depth studies of climate change-related processes and mechanisms, such as plant adaptive evolution, lineage-geographical patterns and changes of ecological communities under the ever-changing climate ③ Large-scale and long-term observations and data thus generated in botanical gardens should provide the most direct evidence in the monitoring of climate change, especially phenological data (Primack & Miller-Rushing, 2009). Moreover, a large number of perennial and longevity plant taxa collected and cultivated in botanical gardens should play an irreplaceable role in long-term studies of the flora and vegetation changes in the climate change, such as changes in phenology, growth and development plasticity, physiology, organ structures, genetic patterns, etc. Going forward, botanical gardens will still play a vital role in macro-and micro-plant biology research (Huang et al., 2015).

4.1

Macrobiological fields of plant science

First of all, as the origin and focal point of plant taxonomy, botanical gardens have incomparable advantages. The living collections of various families, genera and species collected and conserved in botanical gardens for a long time, are the systematic and permanent platform for in-depth taxonomic research, which benefits large-scale and broadly comparative study of taxonomic and phenotypic characteristics and overcomes temporal and spatial limitations of field research (Raven, 1981). Long-term data accumulation in particular across different species in different genera and families that are exclusively collected and permanently conserved in botanical gardens is crucial to the future of taxonomic studies (Huang et al., 2017; Huang, 2018a). Second, comparative or contrastive studies are the basic approach to biological research. Botanical gardens provide many possibilities for comparative study of botany or biology. For example, comparative morphology, comparative structural biology, comparative palynology and so on have played an important role in the early establishment of plant science. However, modern comparative floristic geography, comparative phylogeny, comparative functional physiology, comparative adaptive evolution and so on can still be the research focus in botanical gardens. The wide spectra of cross-genus, cross-flora and cross-habitat collections of living plants and the controllable cultivation owned by botanical gardens provide special convenience for research on many such areas. Third, a number of specialized collections of some plant taxa in botanical gardens provide superior conditions for real-time observation and sampling, and for dynamic analyses of research related to plant development and metabolism. Such analyses, for example, analyses of annual changes of secondary metabolites and effective chemical components, play a supporting role in plant development biology, secondary metabolism biology, phytochemistry, epigenetics and other frontier disciplines. Fourth, as focal institutions for plant exploration, global collection and conservation in recent time, botanical gardens have played and will still play a leading role in global plant inventory, cataloguing, documenting and diversity research. Plants collected and cultivated in some historic botanical gardens for hundreds of years in particular will provide abundant resource plant materials and systematic data to support future research on plant diversity and the exploration and utilization of plant resources. For example, the compilation and research project of ex situ flora carried out by

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China’s botanical gardens has enhanced the systematics, classification, evaluation, discovery and utilization of ex situ cultivated plants in China (Huang et al., 2017). Meanwhile, the exploration and utilization of many horticultural and economic crop plant resources in botanical gardens can’t be ignored in order to promote germplasm innovation of horticultural crops, develop new cultivars and upgrade related agricultural industries. Botanical gardens will also be an important research base for ex situ plant conservation and restoration/recovery of threatened and endangered plants in the future (Huang et al., 2018).

4.2

Microbiological fields of plant science

Research on the microbiology of botanical gardens has been relatively deficient and has not been paid attention to for a long time. In fact, many microbiological researches related to real-time sampling and dynamic analyses of living materials can receive effective support from botanical gardens. For example, chromosome research in cytogenetics usually needs real-time sampling to do the real-time analysis of mitosis and dynamic changes of chromosomes. Advantages of botanical gardens become more obvious especially in large-scale cross-family and across-genus comparative studies of chromosome behaviors of different plant taxa. As for studies of gene flow patterns and dynamics of population genetics, precise plant positioning and transmission distances between pollens and seeds in the specialized living collection of certain families, genera would provide the best place to study the dynamic process of intra-and inter-gene flows. There are also embryology, cytology, genomics, metabolomics and other related studies requiring living materials. As these materials are readily available in the botanical garden., such studies can be easily conducted. With the rapid advance of molecular biology and research technology, microbiological research, as non-traditional one in the botanical garden, will be involved, and roles of the botanical garden in providing integrated approaches of macro and micro research will be gradually enhanced (Huang et al., 2018).

4.3

Research directions of the botanical garden in the age of mega data

Both mega data, marking a new era, and omics, characteristic of plant science, are becoming future focuses and trend. Botanical gardens, as hub of basic biological data accumulated in the long term and research center of basic botany, will create a digitalized world of their living collections and herbaria. It can be foreseen that the construction of today’s botanical garden’s mega data platforms will promote the development of botanical research towards “Integrative Biology”. that is more integrated and comprehensive. Multilevel data mining platforms in genes, functions, patterns, processes, mechanisms and other comprehensive research will break through existing cognitive limitations, marking a revolutionary change. On the one hand, basic databases generated and held in botanical gardens have greatly improved the research of botanists, especially taxonomists. On the other hand, they have also contributed to the global online database and basic data sharing, and at the same time supported data mining of mega data platforms for various macrobiological and microbiological researches, thus showing broad prospects and great vitality. How to keep up with the pace of the era and renew traditional concepts will present both challenges and opportunities to the botanical garden community (Huang et al., 2018).

4.4

Responses to global climate change

Under the overall background of global climate change, opportunities and challenges facing biosciences involve many research hotspots and directions. Botanical gardens are not only crucial to global plant diversity conservation, but also important germplasm resources for human to understand nature, explore resources and use them in a sustainable way (Huang et al., 2015).

4.4.1

Phenology

Botanists and the public are familiar with frequent phenomena of earlier spring, such as earlier budding,

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

earlier flowering, longer growth period and delayed defoliation. Botanists engaged in field work find that plant distribution tends to extend to higher altitude and latitudes of non-native areas while the original natural distribution area shrinks. Even the number of plant species in the cold Arctic area shows an increasing trend. Obviously, changes in biological phenology and plant behavior are closely related to climate change. The botanical gardens, with a long history in phenological research, provide special advantages for ex-situ cultivation as the “common garden” owns a huge number of living plants originating from different families, different floras and genetically diverse backgrounds, and holds a large amount of well recorded phenological data for years or even hundreds of years (Huang et al., 2015). Historical phenological data accumulated in botanical gardens provide more direct evidence for climate change monitoring and plant adaptation than climate simulation studies. For example, Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and a few others have records of plant phenological data that can date back to the 19th century (Harper & Morris, 2007). Those historical data have been used to demonstrate that, for some species, the time of flowering and defoliating is linked to temperature, and now they occur earlier as a result of climate change (Harper & Morris, 2007; Primack & Miller-Rushing, 2009). Such historical records are not only valuable to the study of climate change and bio-adaptive responses in the past 50–100 years, but also informative to plant breeders for the design of genetic improvement and to visitors for public awareness. At the same time, botanical gardens are highly photogenic and often house millions of herbarium collections and extensive collections of photo images and data, which usually contain a large amount of historical information on plant phenology, such as collecting site, date, and conditions and ages of plants on the grounds (Primack & Miller-Rushing, 2009). A typical example is that Arnold Arboretum in the United States has more than 120 years of history of collecting plant specimens around the world. The Arboretum holds about 150,000 dried plant specimens from Jamaica, many of which were taken from its living collections, which is part of a standard documentation process. The record label that accompanies each dried specimen includes the name of the species, identification number of the plant, and the date of collection, and importantly a visual examination of the specimen tells the phenological state of the plant, such as flowering, end flowering, or fruiting. Many of the plants from which the specimens were taken are among the 15,000 plants still growing on the grounds of the Arboretum. Herbarium specimens, historical photographs and garden-cultivated plants could be combined and then used as tools to document phonological changes in response to global warming and provide a source of data for changes in plant flowering time (Primack et al., 2004; Miller-Rushing et al., 2006). Here is another example. Australian botanists used herbarium specimens, dating back from 1950–2007, from major Australian botanical gardens to study flowering changes of Australian alpine plants caused by temperature change, and they found that the changing trend can be used as an indicator of climate change for long-term monitoring research (Gallagher et al., 2009). Botanists also attempted to figure out how historical photographs could be used to document climate changes in the phenological time of leafing and flowering. Miller-Rushing et al. (2006) compared the plant on May 30, 2005 with the plant photographs of Lowell Cemetery in Massachusetts on the same date in 1868 at the same location, and found that the present phenological phase is earlier, which coincides with the temperature change during the same period—that is, mean temperature in the spring from February to May during the past 150 years has increased by about 2.2℃, and the plant phenological phase has been shifted earlier by about 1–2 weeks (Miller-Rushing et al., 2006). The botanical gardens have unique advantages for studies of phenology and plant diversity conservation, especially for joint efforts in research and phenological data collection among national, regional and international botanical garden networks. For example, analyses of phenological data of about 50 European botanical gardens in the International Phenological Gardens (IPG) show that spring events, such as flowering and leaf unfolding, have been shifted earlier by 6.3 days, autumn events, such as leaf coloring and defoliating, have been delayed by 4.5 days, and average annual growing period has increased

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by about 10.8 days (Menzel & Fabian, 1999; Menzel, 2000; Primack & Miller-Rushing, 2009). It is of great importance for both traditional phenology and today’s climate change-related science to extensively explore mega data—standardized, catalogued and optimized by botanical gardens—of cultivated living plants and of herbaria in the photo image database. This will also enhance our continuous efforts in research on cross-latitude phenological data collection of keystone species, as well as our ongoing efforts to sort historical data, which should accelerate current research programs relevant to China’s botanical gardens in response to climate change (Huang et al., 2015).

4.4.2

Structural physiology

Botanical gardens have a combination of unusual features compared with other sites for a long-term ecological and physiological research. Many cultivated plants in botanical gardens have undergone significant changes in recent years. For example, some subtropical or tropical plants gradually do not need or only require simpler cold protection in winter than before, while temperate plants show more heat damage in summer. Leaf stomata is an important anatomical characteristic linked to the physiology of plants. Research showed that plant populations responded to increasing concentrations of CO2 by producing leaves with fewer stomata per unit area. Drought, heat and frost are major abiotic stresses. Plants, evolving with dynamic responses or adaptability at morphological, physiological and biochemical levels, gain various micro mechanisms to avoid or adapt to those stresses, although the micro-adaptive evolutionary process is usually very slow (Hussain et al., 2018; Lamaoui et al., 2018). Botanical gardens have unique research materials of living plants and herbarium specimens for the analysis of structural and physiological responses and micro-evolution of plants (Primack & Miller-Rushing, 2009). Taking the stomatal response to the change of CO2 concentration as an example. It could be possible to analyze the adaptive variation of the stomatal size, density and index of leaves in a time scale of recent 50–100 years by comparing herbarium specimens collected decades and centuries ago with current living plants. Herbarium specimens conserved in botanical gardens can provide valuable information on the size and density of stomata on leaf surfaces of individual species or populations over time. Given a sufficient sample size, botanists can determine whether the stomatal size and density are changing, and if so, whether they are responding to higher temperatures, changes in soil moisture, or higher concentrations of CO2 (Penuelas & Matamala, 1990). Investigation into leaf structures from herbarium specimens and living trees in botanical gardens can also reveal valuable information on water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance through analyses of stable isotopes (Penuelas & Azconbieto, 1992). However, the understanding the physiological response of plants to climate change is still very limited. As the primary producer of ecosystems and the most important component of ecosystem services, plants play a crucial role in addressing climate and environmental changes. Although the research on the response of plants to a single climate factor such as CO2 or temperature has made some progress in the past 10 years, there is still a lack of in-depth research and basic understanding of the response mechanism of plants to a variety of complex climate and environmental factors (Huang et al., 2015).

4.4.3

Plant ecology and restoration ecology

Living collections maintained in botanical gardens play an important role in ecological research and restoration, especially the combination of herbarium collections and living plants in investigating large-scale temporal and spatial patterns of climate change ecology and related scientific issues. The botanical garden can be used as a site of a central hub for restoration ecology and environmental recovery research. Furthermore, botanical gardens should support global change ecology in various disciplines and research programs with unique garden-based technology. At present, more than 2,000 botanical gardens around the world hold a huge collection of about 100,000 living plants, and tens of millions of herbarium collections, which could be the key to integrative ex situ and in situ conservation and ecological restoration

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by integrating plant ecology, population genetics, the pattern of biodiversity hotspots and ecological functional areas (ecoregion) and other related fields. The integrative research of ex situ and in situ conservation should provide a better understanding and is of great value, not only because of more convincing evidence than data derived from simulation studies, but also a better realistic approach to climate changing models. A good example is a long-term monitoring research program managed by South China Botanical Garden on the forest land at its Dinghushan Nature Reserve. The program has monitored the long-term dynamics (1979–2003) of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in old-growth forests (age >400 years) and found that organic matter in 20-cm soil surface layer in preserved old-growth forests in southern China accumulated carbon at an unexpectedly high rate in recent decades. The SOC concentration in 20-cm soil surface layer increased between 1979 and 2003 from about 1.4% to 2.35%, at an annual average rate of 0.035%. This research resulted in a new discovery that suggests that mature forests of hundred years can still be a carbon sink (Zhou et al., 2006). Another example is the pioneer and long-term monitoring plot and restoration program established by Wisconsin Arboretum US as early as the 1930s and the program monitored grassland degradation until today (Jordan et al., 1987). Similarly, a pioneer ecological restoration program in China by South China Botanical Garden established China’s first restoration ecology research station in the coastal land of southern China in 1959—the Xiaoliang Tropical Coastal Zone Degraded Ecosystem Restoration and Reconstruction Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Obviously, botanical gardens’ living collections combined with herbarium collections have played an important role in studies of global change ecology. In fact, botanical gardens are of increasing importance to the applied restoration of plant communities and restoration of ecosystem services, and botanical garden collections and long-term and extensive accumulated databases are crucial to restoration ecology. For example, Heshan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Research Station founded and managed by South China Botanical Garden has been working on vegetation restoration, reconstruction, and sustainable optimization of degraded desert slopes in southern China since 1984, which has made great progress in theoretical and practical findings on vegetation restoration and ecosystem optimization (Peng et al., 1992; Yu & Peng, 1997), effectively integrated ex situ conservation to restoration practice through applying cultivation techniques, species performance and evaluation results of garden practices, and multidisciplinary research results to theoretical and applied restoration ecology (Chen et al., 2011). Studies of the ecology of individuals and populations at the species level is a well-established and traditional field within botanical gardens, which is also an important component of restoration ecology and a vital tool for monitoring restoration success. The relevance of such studies to ecological restoration can be enhanced by focusing on a wide variety of native species and habitats and working on larger scales (Hardwick et al., 2011). Botanical garden-based research often prioritizes ex situ cultivation of threatened, endemic, or economically important species, a basic mission of botanical gardens; however inventory of plant species and taxonomical documentation routinely conducted in botanical gardens should supplement restoration ecology and practice with basic information of plant identification, growth development, reproduction biology, genetic variation of provenance etc., as well as crucial information of taxonomy, adaptability, founder effect, life history, community dynamics, stress physiology of native species in ex situ collections. For example, in a reintroduction program of the endangered plant, Primulina tabacum Hance, a species with a karst niche habitat, by South China Botanical Garden, scientists of the garden carried out an extensive investigation into the plant populations in the niche habitat of the karst cave environment, population genetic diversity, habitat soil, CO2 concentration, and associated plant communities. Meanwhile, a series of reintroduction techniques were developed, including propagation by tissue culture, plant transplantation with nursing plants, restoration monitoring, and plant community management, which created a successful case study of reintroducing the endangered plant back to its original nature habitat (Ren et al., 2010). Botanical gardens have played a leading role in reintroducing threatened and endangered

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plants in both theory and practice. Reintroduction research, however, has currently become fully integrated into a broad field of restoration ecology (Hardwick et al., 2011). Nevertheless, the complexity of the relationship between climate change and vegetation patterns still lacks sufficient attention and research, and the situation will get even worse. Thomas et al. (2004) suggested that by 2050, 18%–35% of the world’s known plants in current distribution will become extinct. That is, today’s biodiversity hotspots will be beyond recognition in next 30 to 50 years. The botanical garden community should be quickly mobilized to respond to the needs of related research and demand orientation is imperative in the history of botanical garden development (Huang et al., 2015).

4.4.4

Plant migration and geobotany

Climate change has profound impacts on plant natural distribution and leads to increased habitat fragmentation. Natural migration of plants may not be possible in the overall background of climate change. Although often inextricably interwoven with alien invasive dispersion, assisted migration of plants has been proposed as an approach to mitigate climate impacts on biodiversity by intentionally moving species out of their natural range (Richardson et al., 2000). Some research suggested that artificially assisted migration of plants can compensate for the lack of their natural migration to adapt to climate change or avoid the negative effects of disturbing ecosystems (Vitt et al., 2010; Winder et al., 2011). Living collections and ex situ cultivation in botanical gardens for hundreds of years are the typical practices of assisted migration. In fact, it is also a historical heritage of plant introduction and domestication, crop cultivation, and widespread dissemination of economic plants in human history. In the context of global change, the role of botanical gardens will become increasingly important and even irreplaceable for plant migration. The Gran Canaria Declaration (Gran Canaria Group, 2006) explicitly proposed prioritized groups of plant species for botanical gardens to assist in plant migration, i. e. taxa with nowhere to go, such as those on mountain tops, low-lying islands, high latitudes and the edges of continents; plants with restricted ranges such as rare and endemic species; taxa with poor dispersal capability and/or long generation time; species susceptible to extreme conditions such as flood or drought; plants with extreme habitat/niche such as narrow tolerance to climate-sensitive variables; taxa with co-evolved or synchronous relationships with other species; species with inflexible physiological responses to climate variables; keystone taxa important to or primary in ecosystem processes and functions; and finally the taxa with direct value for livelihood or with potential for future use. In the face of current climate change scenarios and massive extinction posed by Anthropocene, it has been suggested that a migration speed of 300–500 km a century will be required (Hawkins et al., 2008). This is even beyond the exceptional example of the fossil—a record of 100150 km a century. It is therefore likely that, for most plant species, impacts of climate change may outstrip a population’s rate of migration (Maschinski et al., 2006). Botanical gardens should make full use of the living collections and organize the global botanical garden network to improve prioritized plant groups for assisted migration. They should also develop conservation strategy of living collections, ex situ cultivation and reintroduction, and protect, manage and monitor natural evolution of targeted populations, thereby allowing new mutations to be generated in the gene bank and adapting the species to the changing environmental conditions (Heywood, 2014, 2015, 2019; Huang et al., 2015).

4.4.5

Alien invasive plants

During the past 500 years, as the central hub of plant introduction and domestication, botanical gardens have played a significant role in the introduction and cultivation of hundreds of thousands of plant species for agriculture, horticulture, forestry, medicine, ornament, trade and scientific curiosity, which promoted social-economic growth and human civilization. However, it is undeniable that many plant species have escaped from nurseries, agricultural fields, private and botanical gardens, and private estates, thus disturbing habitats. Some of these became naturalized and a threat to natural plant communities (Heywood and Sharrock, 2013).

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

According to statistics, the total costs of damages brought by invasive alien species in Europe were estimated to be at least 12.5 billion Euros, of which 300 million were due to invasive plants (Kettunen et al., 2008). Similarly, China faces an annual cost of up to 14.5 billion USD caused by invasive alien pests and plants (Gan et al., 2005). However, there are only a few examples of plants escaping from botanical gardens and becoming invasive, which is insignificant compared with historical achievements in plant introduction and domestication made by botanical gardens (Heywood and Sharrock, 2013). Nevertheless, invasive species are one of the major drivers behind global environmental change, which leads to the loss of biodiversity, alters ecosystem structure and functions, and affects ecosystem services worldwide. The damage of invasive plants is still a serious issue that botanical gardens should pay great attention to. Botanical gardens could not only provide long-term theoretical knowledge and practical techniques, but also hold historical data of cultivation, propagation, translocation, biochemistry, and genetic adaptability, which will lay a scientific and technological foundation for effective prevention and control of alien invasive plants. The recently released European Code of Conduct for Botanic Gardens on Invasive Alien Species proposed strategies and deployment of botanical gardens to respond to invasive alien plants (Heywood and Sharrock, 2013). For example, the botanical garden should: ① undertake an audit of the existing collections in botanical gardens for invasion risk, including risk assessment, management and communication; ② try to ensure no invasive or potentially invasive plants introduced into the collections; ③ adopt the International Plant Exchange Network (IPEN) Code of Conduct; ④ ensure no free offer of seeds or propagules of invasive or potentially invasive plants and so on (Heywood and Sharrock, 2013). According to a recent report on invasive plants in China (Yan et al., 2014), there are about 515 alien invasive species from 72 families and 285 genera, of which 34 species are malignantly invasive, 69 seriously invasive, 85 locally invasive, and 80 minorly invasive. Another 247 species need further observation, evaluation and investigation. There is no doubt that in the current severe situation, Chinese botanical gardens should undertake their social responsibility by taking active steps in the scientific research on the prevention and control of invasive plants (Huang et al., 2015). One of the major challenges facing humanity in the 21st century is how to resolve the paradox of the increasing demand for plant resources (food, timber, natural medicines, energy, oil, fruit and vegetables, flowers etc.) and future sustainability. It is hoped that the convergence of our knowledge of solving this paradox can help by developing revolutionary biotechnologies, i.e. exploration of useful genes widely existing in wild plant resources (genes for cold hardiness, drought tolerance, disease resistance, fast growth and high yield and quality) in order to develop new and superior plant varieties to keep pace with the fast and continuing social and economic development. A special gene can affect a country’s prosperity, and one important species can affect a country’s economy. The botanic research, knowledge and technology innovation and sustainable utilization of plants in a country can reflect the country’s overall development and strength. In the 21st century, biological resources may be one of the most crucial resources for global, social and economic sustainability. Whoever possesses rich plant resources, innovative knowledge and new technologies for conservation and sustainable utilization will have a distinct advantage (Huang, 2011).

II

World Garden Flora

There are 2118 botanical gardens in the world from different climatic zones and floristic regions according to a recently revised checklist of the International Association of Botanic Gardens (IABG) (Website of IABG, http://iabg.scbg.cas.cn/, accessed on 2020/2/2). Most importantly, they provide habitats for >100,000 vascular plants in ex situ cultivation (Mounce et al., 2017), accounting for about a third of known world plant species, including many economically important taxa or groups, such as Aceraceae, Ericaceae, Fagaceae, Leguminosae, Magnoliaceae, as well as a large number of crop wild relatives, medicinal and aromatic, and ornamental plants. This ex situ cultivated flora is diversified in many well documented living collections in different botanical gardens, playing a critical role in the security of plant diversity, conservation, sustainable agriculture and other related bio-industries.

1 Botanical gardens in the world In the history of botanical garden development, there were >3000 gardens or institutions with a name of “botanical garden”. The present database (GardenSearch) maintained by Botanic Garden Conservation International (BGCI) (https://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php) lists >3200 botanical gardens. However, many establishments with the name “botanical garden” have no functions for botanical research or activities for plant conservation. Some are the botanical institutions hold documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education. A recent effort led by the International Association of Botanical Gardens towards the preparation of a new edition of the International Directory of Botanic Gardens has released a new Global Checklist of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta. In order to fully understand the world garden flora, the first step is to sort out the number of botanical gardens in a real sense. An institution should meet the basic criterion of being a botanical garden: i. e. maintaining documented and labeled collections of plants that are used for scientific research, horticultural research, conservation, education, outreach or any one or combination of these. A similar assessment should be applied to arboreta, which are treated as botanical gardens if they meet these same criteria. The effort was initiated in 2014 when the IABG Council decided to produce an updated edition of the International Directory of the World Botanical Gardens, the last edition having been published in 1990. A working group was organized by Professor LIAO Jingping (South China Botanical Garden) and Professor Huang Hongwen, the secretary general of IABG, under the guidance of the former president Professor Vernon Heywood. The working group initially compiled a preliminary list of 3201 botanical gardens from global sources. After checking and verifying each botanical garden from the initial list, much-outdated information has been corrected, resulting in the elimination of 936 names of botanical gardens for incorrect names, duplications, closure or change of status, inadequate address information, and lack of function as a botanical garden, etc. Eventually, the total number of botanical gardens has been reduced to 2118. The number of botanical gardens has been reduced from 674 to 496 in Asia, from 176 to 144 in Africa, from 1016 to 812 in Europe, from 921 to 496 in North America, from 229 to 173 in South America, and from 185 to 144 in Oceania. A total of 936 botanical gardens’ names have been deleted. These lists have then been sent for review to experts and leaders of botanical gardens across the world, including Dr. Tim Entwisle (Australia), Dr. Vernon Heywood (UK), Dr. Huang Hongwen (China), Dr. Michael Kiehn (Austria),

20

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Dr. Christopher Dunn (USA), Dr. William A. McNamara (USA), Dr. Ana María Molina (Argentina), Dr. Jin Murata (Japan), Dr. Yong-Shik Kim (Korea) and Dr. Christopher Willis (South Africa). Due to further revisions, the finalized list includes a total of 131 botanical gardens in Africa, 499 in Asia, 678 in Europe, 506 in North America, 173 in South America and 131 in Oceania. The total number of botanical gardens in the world is further reduced to 2118. To review the regional distribution of botanical gardens over the world, the number of botanical gardens in each continent was analyzed.

1.1

Africa

There are 131 botanical gardens in 41 African countries or regions. African countries with the largest number of botanical gardens are South Africa (22 botanical gardens) and Nigeria (18 botanical gardens). Those countries which have only one botanical garden are Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, Namibia, Saint Helena, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sudan and Zambia. However, 15 countries in Africa have no botanical gardens, including Azores (Portugal), Cote d’Ivoire/Ivory Coast, Madeira Islands (Portugal), Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Chad, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Mauritania, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, Swaziland, Comoros. Apparently, the lack of capacity of botanical gardens devoted to ex situ flora in Africa and biased distribution of African botanical gardens will hamper ex situ conservation ability to cope with the high risk of rapid loss of plant diversity, especially in many hotspots of that in Africa.

1.2

Asia

There are a total of 499 botanical gardens in 37 Asian countries or regions. Asian countries with the greatest number of botanical gardens are China (162 botanical gardens), India (90 botanical gardens) and Japan (78 botanical gardens) and the countries with only one botanical garden are Bhutan, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Laos, Mongolia, North Korea, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, and United Arab Emirates. There are a total of 11 countries or regions without botanical garden, including Afghanistan, Syria, Bahrain, Lebanon, Brunei, Cambodia, Qatar, Cyprus, Maldives, Yemen and East Timor. The number of botanical gardens in Asia is impressive, but the distribution of them across Asian countries is still disproportionate. Many Asian countries with rich plant diversity and a large number of threatened and endangered species fall behind in the capacity for ex situ conservation and efforts in restoration and recovery initiatives.

1.3

Europe

In Europe, a total of 678 botanical gardens are found in 41 countries. The European countries with the greatest number of botanical gardens are France (90 botanical gardens), Italy (86 botanical gardens), Germany (82 botanical gardens) and Russia (60 botanical gardens), but Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gibraltar, Luxemburg, Malta and Monaco have only one botanical garden separately. No botanical gardens are found in Faroe Islands (Denmark), Liechtenstein, Vatican, San Marino and Andorra. European counties have a long history of botanical garden heritage and well-established capacity built in plant conservation, botanical research and plant exploration. In addition, many leading botanical institutions are located in Europe, such as Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew and Edinburgh, playing an important role in ex situ conservation worldwide. The densely distributed botanical gardens in Europe also partially stem from historic establishments dating back to the 15th–16th centuries.

II

1.4

World Garden Flora

21

North America

North America has the largest number of botanical gardens with a total of 506 botanical gardens in 25 countries or regions. The United States has the greatest number of botanical gardens (363), followed by Canada (45 botanical gardens) and Mexico (37 botanical gardens). But only one botanical garden is found in small or island countries, including Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Belize, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Haiti, Martinique, Nicaragua, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. However, there are no botanical gardens in Greenland (Denmark) Saint Lucia, Antilles (Netherlands), Aruba (Netherlands), British Turks and Caicos Islands. The distribution of botanical gardens in North America reflects the socio-economic development, instead of rationales of ex situ conservation and capacity for containing the current risk of rapid loss of plant diversity. Given that endemic threatened species should be held ex situ within their original countries and available for ecological or species restoration, the number of botanical gardens in Mexico would be greatly increased, in addition to many plants with crucial solutions to our future agriculture, horticulture and forestry, etc.

1.5

South America

In South America, there are a total of 173 botanical gardens in 18 countries or regions. Brazil, Argentina and Columbia have the greatest number of botanical gardens, which are 46, 30 and 26 respectively. But others such as Guadeloupe (French), Guyana, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Suriname and Uruguay have only one botanical garden each. The number of botanical gardens and conservation capacity vary greatly, particularly in tropic regions with the highest plant diversity and risks of loss of a large number of important species. Many regional hotspots lack active ex situ conservation efforts to rescue threatened and endangered plants, primarily due to socio-economic development. In addition, only a fraction of existing botanical gardens have the ability to cope with the loss of plant diversity.

1.6

Oceania

Australia has 102 out of 131 botanical gardens in Oceania, followed by New Zealand with 10 botanical gardens. In addition, there are 1–3 botanical gardens found in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The unique position of botanical gardens in Australia and New Zealand with a great number of endemic plant species is still undervalued and needs to be re-recognized as a priority of the ex situ conservation as the botanical gardens are the main institutions. Overall, Europe having 678 botanical gardens, North America having 506 botanical gardens, Asia having 499 botanical gardens, South America having 173 botanical gardens, Africa having 131 botanical gardens and Oceania having 131 botanical gardens respectively account 32.01%, 23.89%, 23.56%, 8.17%, 6.19% and 6.19% of the total number of botanical gardens in the world. The United States, China, and Australia have more than 100 botanical gardens. The top 10 counties have 54.67% (1158 out of 2118) of the total number of botanical gardens and arboreta in the world, including the United States, China, Australia, France, India, Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia and Canada. Although botanical gardens are not evenly distributed across the world due to historical, economic and social factors, the global botanical gardens together have currently provided a Noah’s Ark, the man-made capacity of artificial environments and maintained approximately a little more than 100,000 plant species, accounting for about one third of total recorded species on the earth so far (Mounce et al., 2017). The geographic

22

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

distribution of botanical gardens worldwide revealed gaps and challenges of the unevenly distributed garden flora. The most obvious worldwide bias in the distribution of botanical gardens is a phenomenon termed positive latitudinal bias (Pautasso & Parmentier, 2007). Recent studies revealed that 91% of recorded accessions and 93% of recorded species are documented from ex situ collections in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting the bias is largely due to the geographical distribution and species richness of botanical gardens, including socio-economic factors and metropolitan population size (Golding et al., 2010; Mounce et al., 2017). Obviously, the problems and challenges lie in the skewed distribution pattern where botanical garden species diversity increases in temperate latitudes, running counter to natural latitudinal gradients. Meanwhile tropical ecosystems harbor the bulk of plant species diversity, resulting in this skewed latitudinal distribution of botanical gardens, for plant conservation has not been coped with risks of massive extinction of plants on a global scale. The biased bio-geographical distribution of botanical gardens will hamper global conservation goals. A recent analysis showed substantial bio-geographic gaps in the representative living collections, with 93% of species held in the Northern Hemisphere and an estimated 76% of species absent from living collections are tropical in origin (Mounce et al., 2017). As outlined in sections above, botanical gardens historically and presently are managed for many purposes of botanical research, germplasm exploration and records of plant species, as well as engagements with other organizations and governmental agents responsible for plant diversity in natural habitats, such as reintroduction and recovery programs (Godefroid et al., 2011). However, ex situ conservation of plant diversity has been the mainstream for preventing species extinctions through various unique skills possessed in botanical gardens, which are inherited traditions in finding, identifying, collecting, conserving and growing plant diversity across the taxonomic spectrum (Smith, 2016).

2 Living collections and extent of plant diversity of the world garden flora The mass extinction of plant species at present is the greatest challenge to humankind. Currently, estimates on the rate and scale of plant extinction made according to various documented reports are not likely to be accurate, because many species have not yet been officially described or verified. Many observations and research evidences suggest that humans are now causing the sixth mass extinction by harvesting the natural resources, fragmenting habitats, spreading invasive species, changing natural landscapes, damaging ecosystems, etc. (Barnosky et al., 2011). Living collections ex situ in botanical gardens featured world garden flora not only provide a security of rapid loss of plant diversity in the wild, but also a comprehensive experimental base for research of specific plant groups. However, to what extent the plant diversity is obtained in the world garden flora is still difficult to know, because there is no inventory and documented database to the world garden flora, despite some national or regional database, such as Chinese garden flora and European garden flora. A recent study has targeted this question and investigated how much plant diversity is currently conserved across world’s botanical gardens, and how well botanical gardens are performing in terms of collecting and conserving the flora from nature. The study revealed that the world’s botanical gardens altogether conserve an astonishing array of plant diversity, holding 105,634 species, accounting for 30% of species diversity, 59% of plant genera, 75% of embryophyte plant families, and 93% of all vascular plant families. These numbers might not fully represent actual world garden flora because the estimate is only based on data available from half of the botanical gardens worldwide (Mounce et al., 2017). Nevertheless, considering the duplicated collections across different gardens – some duplication across gardens is as high as 86% (Huang, 2011), the 30% coverage of the total number of species recorded up to now in the world would be the best estimate of the world garden flora for ex situ conservation of plant diversity. Furthermore, such an estimate suggests that botanical gardens have inherited and possessed unique capacity for the cultivation of various plants. As discussed in previous sections, the botanical gardens were originally set up for plant collections and

II

World Garden Flora

23

exploration of useful plants for socioeconomic reasons. They were not established for plant conservation in the first place. In other words, the conservation strategy of the world’s botanical gardens is newly-developed one. This is why there is a huge imbalance in land plants, where angiosperms, gymnosperms and ferns represent 62.8%, 96.6% and 54.0% in generic coverage, while the non-vascular early-diverging land plants (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta and Anthocerotophyta) are almost undocumented with less than 5% generic coverage in the world garden flora (Mounce et al., 2017). Inventory of world garden flora should provide a benchmark for further efforts in botanical garden based research and conservation activities. Table 2 lists a preliminary inventory of world garden flora. Overall, world botanical gardens provide extensive conservation facilities for ex situ cultivation and covered a total of 70.6% of genera of all land plant families. Although about 30% of genera with 55,983 species are not included in ex situ cultivation, the taxonomic resolution is apparently needed for the inventory of ex situ flora of the world botanical gardens because 13,168 species, i. e. 23.5% of unresolved species are involved (Table 2), which has been problematic for such a large number of species in uncertainty for ex situ conservation. Table 2 Group

Preliminary inventory of world garden floraz Genera coverage

No. of family

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera 15,487 (20,561)

y

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

75.3

26,892

18,166

8,726 (32.4%)x

Angiosperms

408

Gymnosperms

12

90 (93)

96.8

8

4

4 (50%)

Pteridophytes

47

538 (776)

69.3

2,824

845

1,979 (70.1%)

Bryophytes

169

320 (1,841)

17.4

26,259

23,800

2,459 (9.4%)

Total

636

16,435 (23,271)

70.6

55,983

42,815

13,168 (23.5%)

z

Table reanalyzed from the supplementary data source (Mounce et al., 2017) Total number of genera in each group in the bracket x Percentage of unresolved species in the bracket y

2.1

Inventory of world garden flora in Gymnosperms

In general, gymnosperms have the highest coverage in garden ex situ cultivation, 90 out of 93 genera have been brought into ex situ conservation in botanical gardens, accounting for approximately 96.8% of total genera within gymnosperms. Only a few species of three families, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae and Podocarpaceae, are absent from the botanical gardens (Table 3). This is consistent with the traditional holding of tree species, particularly conifers in the history of botanical garden cultivation. Table 3 Family

Preliminary inventory of world garden flora in Gymnospermsz Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Araucariaceae

4 (5)y

80

1

1

0 (0%)x

Cupressaceae

31 (32)

97

5

2

3 (60%)

Cycadaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Ephedraceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Ginkgoaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Gnetaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Pinaceae

13 (13)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Podocarpaceae

20 (21)

95

2

1

0 (0%)

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

24

continued Genera coverage

Family

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Sciadopityaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Taxaceae

6 (6)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Welwitschiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Zamiaceae

9 (9)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Total

90 (93)

96.8

8

4

3 (60%)

z

Table reanalyzed from the supplementary data source (Mounce et al., 2017) Total number of genera in each group in the bracket x Percentage of unresolved species in the bracket y

2.2

Inventory of world garden flora in Angiosperms

Angiosperms are the most evolved, diverse, widely distributed and adaptable group in the world, accounting for more than half of the total in the plant kingdom. It is also the largest group in the world. Of 408 families documented, 20 families were not presented in ex situ world garden flora, but most of them are monotypic or monogeneric (Table 4). A total of 15,583 genera and 388 families have been brought into botanical garden ex situ cultivation, accounting for 75.8% of the total number of genera documented. However, there are as many as 26,892 species were missing from the botanical gardens of the world, although 8,726 or 32.4% of the missing species are yet unresolved (Table 4). Many unsolved angiosperm plants confront taxonomic dilemmas and ex situ conservation efforts. Currently, the large number of taxonomically unresolved species presents challenges to plant conservation both in situ and ex situ. The world garden flora across thousands of botanical gardens should also provide common garden experimental sites to support taxonomic research and enhance taxonomic resolution to many difficult species. In this sense, the inclusion of all species of plant groups into botanical garden conservation should be encouraged for both taxonomic research and purposes of conservation to impede rapid loss of plant species in facing current Earth’s sixth mass extinction. Table 4 Family

Preliminary inventory of world garden flora in Angiospermsz Genera coverage

continued

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Acanthaceae

293 (420)y

70

588

327

261 (44%)x

Achariaceae

23 (37)

62

92

44

48 (52%)

Achatocarpaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Acoraceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Actinidiaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Adoxaceae

3 (5)

60

6

4

2 (33%)

Aextoxicaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Aizoaceae

164 (179)

92

67

50

17 (25%)

Akaniaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Alismataceae

14 (17)

82

8

8

0 (0%)

Alseuosmiaceae

5 (6)

83

2

2

0 (0%)

Alstroemeriaceae

5 (6)

83

1

1

0 (0%)

Altingiaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Amaranthaceae

198 (254)

78

217

95

122 (56%)

Amaryllidaceae

87 (96)

91

14

14

0 (0%)

II

World Garden Flora continued

Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Anacampserotaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Anacardiaceae

111 (130)

85

101

60

41 (41%)

Ancistrocladaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Anisophylleaceae

2 (4)

50

3

2

1 (33%)

Annonaceae

95 (154)

62

380

266

114 (30%)

Amborellaceae

Aphanopetalaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Aphloiaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Apiaceae

490 (643)

76

548

324

224 (41%)

Apocynaceae

403 (570)

71

796

601

195 (24%)

Apodanthaceae

0 (3)

0

29

26

3 (10%)

Aponogetonaceae

1 (2)

50

1

1

0 (0%)

Aquifoliaceae

9 (10)

90

17

1

16 (94%)

Araceae

103 (122)

84

94

68

26 (28%)

Araliaceae

51 (57)

89

12

11

1 (8.3%)

Arecaceae

210 (219)

96

21

19

2 (9.5%)

Argophyllaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Aristolochiaceae

15 (19)

79

9

2

7 (78%)

Asparagaceae

138 (151)

91

23

23

0 (0%)

Asphodelaceae

32 (36)

89

10

10

0 (0%)

Asteliaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Asteraceae

1,807 (2,611)

69

3,951

2,573

1,378 (35%)

Asteropeiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Atherospermataceae

6 (8)

75

5

4

1 (20%)

Austrobaileyaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Balanopaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Balanophoraceae

14 (26)

54

26

23

3 (12%)

Balsaminaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Barbeuiaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Barbeyaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Basellaceae

5 (6)

83

1

1

0 (0%)

Batidaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Begoniaceae

12 (12)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Berberidaceae

21 (22)

95

15

13

2 (13%)

Berberidopsidaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Betulaceae

7 (7)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Biebersteiniaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Bignoniaceae

98 (111)

88

79

53

26 (33%)

Bixaceae

7 (7)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Blandfordiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Blasiaceae

0 (2)

0

5

2

3 (60%)

Blechnaceae

17 (28)

61

242

25

217 (90%)

Bonnetiaceae

1 (3)

33

46

35

11 (24%)

25

26

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued Family Boraginaceae

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

195 (252)

77

327

156

171 (52%)

Boryaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Brassicaceae

332 (474)

70

479

364

115 (24%)

Bromeliaceae

58 (63)

92

57

57

0 (0%)

Brunelliaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Bruniaceae

10 (15)

67

29

9

20 (69%)

Burmanniaceae

4 (17)

24

32

31

1 (3%)

Burseraceae

27 (34)

79

75

20

55 (73%)

Butomaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Buxaceae

4 (7)

57

11

10

1 (9%)

Byblidaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cabombaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cactaceae

291 (309)

94

87

23

64 (74%)

Calceolariaceae

2 (4)

50

2

2

0 (0%)

Calophyllaceae

9 (14)

64

42

40

2 (5%)

Calycanthaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Calyceraceae

6 (7)

86

9

5

4 (44%)

Campanulaceae

71 (98)

72

198

181

17 (9%)

Campynemataceae

1 (2)

50

1

1

0 (0%)

Canellaceae

4 (7)

57

16

16

0 (0%)

Cannabaceae

11 (11)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cannaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Capparaceae

47 (57)

82

14

13

1 (7%)

Caprifoliaceae

64 (77)

83

70

27

43 (61%)

Cardiopteridaceae

6 (8)

75

5

5

0 (0%)

Caricaceae

6 (7)

86

7

4

3 (43%)

Carlemanniaceae

1 (2)

50

3

3

0 (0%)

Caryocaraceae

1 (2)

50

10

10

0 (0%)

Caryophyllaceae

158 (180)

88

124

69

55 (44%)

Casuarinaceae

3 (4)

75

2

2

0 (0%)

Celastraceae

97 (137)

71

215

161

54 (25%)

Centroplacaceae

3 (4)

75

1

1

0 (0%)

Cephalotaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Ceratophyllaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cercidiphyllaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Chloranthaceae

6 (6)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Chrysobalanaceae

13 (19)

68

26

25

1 (4%)

Circaeasteraceae

1 (2)

50

1

1

0 (0%)

Cistaceae

17 (18)

94

2

1

1 (50%)

Cleomaceae

10 (14)

71

41

21

20 (49%)

Clethraceae

2 (3)

67

15

5

10 (67%)

Clusiaceae

42 (54)

78

79

39

40 (51%)

Colchicaceae

18 (19)

95

2

1

1 (50)

II

World Garden Flora continued

Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Columelliaceae

1 (2)

50

5

5

0 (0%)

Combretaceae

29 (32)

91

51

5

46 (90%)

Commelinaceae

41 (47)

87

17

17

0 (0%)

Connaraceae

20 (31)

65

82

33

49 (60%)

Convolvulaceae

138 (168)

82

356

90

266 (75%)

Coriariaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cornaceae

15 (16)

94

3

1

2 (67%)

Corsiaceae

1 (3)

33

26

26

0 (0%)

Corynocarpaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Costaceae

7 (7)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Crassulaceae

71 (84)

85

35

24

11 (31%)

Crossosomataceae

4 (5)

80

1

1

0 (0%)

Ctenolophonaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Cucurbitaceae

134 (182)

74

196

105

91 (46%)

Cunoniaceae

36 (37)

97

2

2

0 (0%)

Curtisiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cyclanthaceae

11 (12)

92

1

1

0 (0%)

Cymodoceaceae

2 (5)

40

12

10

2 (17%)

Cynomoriaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cyperaceae

95 (134)

71

143

137

6 (4%)

Cyrillaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cytinaceae

1 (2)

50

3

3

0 (0%)

Daphniphyllaceae

1 (2)

50

5

5

0 (0%)

Dasypogonaceae

3 (4)

75

1

1

0 (0%)

Datiscaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Degeneriaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Diapensiaceae

6 (7)

86

1

1

0 (0%)

Dichapetalaceae

4 (5)

80

14

14

0 (0%)

Didiereaceae

7 (7)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Dilleniaceae

23 (29)

79

102

89

13 (13%)

Dioncophyllaceae

1 (3)

33

2

2

0 (0%)

Dioscoreaceae

7 (9)

78

4

2

2 (50%)

Dipentodontaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Dipterocarpaceae

35 (38)

92

6

5

1 (17%)

Dirachmaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Doryanthaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Droseraceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Drosophyllaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Ebenaceae

6 (7)

86

8

8

0 (0%)

Ecdeiocoleaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Elaeagnaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Elaeocarpaceae

20 (21)

95

22

1

20 (91%)

Elatinaceae

6 (6)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

27

28

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Emblingiaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Ericaceae

184 (230)

80

212

155

57 (27%)

Eriocaulaceae

8 (12)

67

55

55

0 (0%)

Erythroxylaceae

4 (6)

67

5

4

1 (20%)

Escalloniaceae

7 (9)

78

3

2

1 (33%)

Eucommiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Euphorbiaceae

189 (284)

67

367

357

10 (3%)

Euphroniaceae

0 (2)

0

5

4

1 (20%)

Eupomatiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Eupteleaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Fabaceae

1,086 (1,448)

75

3,375

1,969

1,406 (42%)

Fagaceae

14 (14)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Flagellariaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Fouquieriaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Frankeniaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Garryaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Geissolomataceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Gelsemiaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Gentianaceae

107 (160)

67

396

239

157 (40%)

Geraniaceae

29 (29)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Gerrardinaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Gesneriaceae

179 (238)

75

237

180

57 (24%)

Gisekiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Gomortegaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Goodeniaceae

20 (23)

87

5

3

2 (40%)

Goupiaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Greyiaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Grossulariaceae

6 (6)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Grubbiaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Guamatelaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Gunneraceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Gyrostemonaceae

4 (5)

80

1

1

0 (0%)

Haemodoraceae

11 (14)

79

5

5

0 (0%)

Halophytaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Haloragaceae

12 (13)

92

2

1

1 (50%)

Hamamelidaceae

31 (32)

97

2

2

0 (0%)

Hanguanaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Heliconiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Helwingiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Hernandiaceae

5 (5)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Himantandraceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Huaceae

1 (2)

50

3

1

2 (67%)

Humiriaceae

4 (11)

36

63

53

10 (16%)

II

World Garden Flora continued

Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Hydatellaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Hydrangeaceae

22 (23)

96

2

1

1 (50%)

Hydrocharitaceae

14 (18)

78

27

23

4 (15%)

Hydroleaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Hydrostachyaceae

0 (1)

0

27

19

8 (30%)

Hypericaceae

10 (15)

67

19

6

13 (68%)

Hypoxidaceae

10 (10)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Icacinaceae

30 (43)

70

113

88

25 (22%)

Iridaceae

84 (98)

86

39

36

3 (8%)

Irvingiaceae

2 (3)

67

1

1

0 (0%)

Iteaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Ixioliriaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Ixonanthaceae

2 (5)

40

20

14

6 (30%)

Joinvilleaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Juglandaceae

17 (19)

89

23

5

18 (78%)

Juncaceae

8 (10)

80

9

5

4 (44%)

Juncaginaceae

4 (5)

80

1

1

0 (0%)

Kirkiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Koeberliniaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Krameriaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Lacistemataceae

2 (3)

67

4

3

1 (25%)

Lamiaceae

234 (288)

81

149

138

11 (7%)

Lanariaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Lardizabalaceae

8 (9)

89

1

1

0 (0%)

Lauraceae

83 (113)

73

439

256

183 (42%)

Lecythidaceae

22 (28)

79

26

22

4 (15%)

Lentibulariaceae

16 (17)

94

4

2

2 (50%)

Lepidobotryaceae

2 (2)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Liliaceae

20 (21)

95

1

1

0 (0%)

Limeaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Limnanthaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Linaceae

17 (24)

71

37

28

9 (24%)

Linderniaceae

9 (19)

47

78

16

62 (79%)

Loasaceae

23 (28)

82

9

8

1 (11%)

Loganiaceae

25 (29)

86

14

13

1 (7%)

Lophiocarpaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Lophopyxidaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Loranthaceae

97 (145)

67

266

166

100 (38%)

Lowiaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Lythraceae

46 (50)

92

100

96

4 (4%)

Magnoliaceae

6 (9)

67

12

5

7 (58%)

Malpighiaceae

57 (98)

58

326

240

86 (26%)

Malvaceae

282 (349)

81

293

215

78 (27%)

29

30

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Marantaceae

25 (29)

86

15

15

0 (0%)

Marcgraviaceae

7 (9)

78

14

11

3 (21%)

Martyniaceae

5 (6)

83

1

1

0 (0%)

Mayacaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Melanthiaceae

18 (18)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Melastomataceae

287 (371)

77

1,369

652

717 (52%)

Meliaceae

83 (94)

88

17

12

5 (29%)

Menispermaceae

88 (112)

79

126

105

21 (17%)

Menyanthaceae

8 (8)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Metteniusaceae

0 (1)

0

7

3

4 (57%)

Misodendraceae

3 (4)

75

8

8

0 (0%)

Mitrastemonaceae

1 (2)

50

2

2

0 (0%)

Molluginaceae

8 (12)

67

20

17

3 (15%)

Monimiaceae

25 (36)

69

126

77

49 (39%)

Montiaceae

12 (18)

67

23

14

9 (39%)

Montiniaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Moraceae

68 (89)

76

139

101

38 (27%)

Moringaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Muntingiaceae

1 (3)

33

2

2

0 (0%)

Musaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Myodocarpaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Myricaceae

5 (7)

71

5

2

3 (60%)

Myristicaceae

17 (25)

68

60

48

12 (20%)

Myrothamnaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Myrtaceae

141 (174)

81

265

251

14 (5%)

Nartheciaceae

4 (5)

80

2

2

0 (0%)

Nelumbonaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Nepenthaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Neuradaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Nitrariaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Nothofagaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Nyctaginaceae

36 (50)

72

40

21

19 (48%)

Nymphaeaceae

10 (13)

77

11

3

8 (73%)

Ochnaceae

64 (92)

70

239

154

85 (36%)

Olacaceae

34 (47)

72

77

72

5 (6%)

Oleaceae

28 (31)

90

6

6

0 (0%)

Onagraceae

51 (68)

75

103

35

68 (66%)

Oncothecaceae

0 (1)

0

3

1

2 (67%)

Opiliaceae

8 (10)

80

4

4

0 (0%)

Orchidaceae

782 (1,057)

74

1088

970

118 (11%)

Orobanchaceae

80 (111)

72

98

81

17 (17%)

Oxalidaceae

10 (13)

77

11

5

6 (55%)

Paeoniaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

II

World Garden Flora continued

Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Pandanaceae

5 (5)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Papaveraceae

51 (55)

93

13

5

8 (62%)

Pandaceae

Paracryphiaceae

4 (5)

80

1

1

0 (0%)

Passifloraceae

37 (61)

61

123

86

37 (30%)

Paulowniaceae

3 (4)

75

1

1

0 (0%)

Pedaliaceae

22 (24)

92

3

3

0 (0%)

Penaeaceae

10 (15)

67

10

9

1 (10%)

Pennantiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Pentadiplandraceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Pentaphragmataceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Pentaphylacaceae

14 (18)

78

9

7

2 (22%)

Penthoraceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Peraceae

5 (7)

71

5

5

0 (0%)

Peridiscaceae

1 (4)

25

10

8

2 (20%)

Petenaeaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Petermanniaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Petrosaviaceae

1 (2)

50

3

3

0 (0%)

Phellinaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Philesiaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Philydraceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Phrymaceae

13 (14)

93

1

1

0 (0%)

Phyllanthaceae

54 (79)

68

82

80

2 (2%)

Phyllonomaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Physenaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Phytolaccaceae

21 (22)

95

5

3

2 (40%)

Picramniaceae

2 (3)

67

3

3

0 (0%)

Picrodendraceae

18 (26)

69

19

19

0 (0%)

Piperaceae

32 (40)

80

168

35

133 (79%)

Pittosporaceae

15 (15)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Plantaginaceae

109 (146)

75

117

77

40 (34%)

Platanaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Plocospermataceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Plumbaginaceae

28 (35)

80

17

16

1 (6%)

Poaceae

623 (890)

70

788

708

80 (10%)

Podostemaceae

33 (79)

42

310

208

102 (33%)

Polemoniaceae

34 (38)

89

7

4

3 (43%)

Polygalaceae

26 (39)

67

91

71

20 (22%)

Polygonaceae

84 (99)

85

40

21

19 (48%)

Pontederiaceae

6 (7)

86

1

1

0 (0%)

Portulacaceae

12 (16)

75

10

4

6 (60%)

Posidoniaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Potamogetonaceae

6 (7)

86

2

2

0 (0%)

31

32

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Primulaceae

80 (102)

78

304

273

31 (10%)

Proteaceae

100 (108)

93

91

28

63 (69%)

Putranjivaceae

3 (4)

75

3

3

0 (0%)

Quillajaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Rafflesiaceae

4 (5)

80

3

1

2 (67%)

Ranunculaceae

89 (104)

86

40

26

14 (35%)

Rapateaceae

6 (17)

35

25

25

0 (0%)

Resedaceae

9 (10)

90

1

1

0 (0%)

Restionaceae

39 (55)

71

32

32

0 (0%)

Rhabdodendraceae

0 (1)

0

3

3

0 (0%)

Rhamnaceae

77 (90)

86

61

33

28 (46%)

Rhipogonaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Rhizophoraceae

20 (28)

71

43

23

20 (47%)

Roridulaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Rosaceae

196 (204)

96

30

8

22 (73%)

Rousseaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Rubiaceae

427 (715)

60

1,334

1,255

79 (6%)

Ruppiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Rutaceae

185 (230)

80

127

97

30 (24%)

Sabiaceae

3 (5)

60

11

9

2 (18%)

Salicaceae

50 (74)

68

144

67

77 (53%)

Salvadoraceae

6 (6)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Santalaceae

53 (68)

78

210

195

15 (7%)

Sapindaceae

169 (213)

79

239

131

108 (45%)

Sapotaceae

66 (89)

74

104

104

0 (0%)

Sarcobataceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Sarcolaenaceae

6 (11)

55

37

37

0 (0%)

Sarraceniaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Saururaceae

5 (5)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Saxifragaceae

67 (82)

82

45

25

20 (44%)

Scheuchzeriaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Schisandraceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Schlegeliaceae

2 (4)

50

2

2

0 (0%)

Schoepfiaceae

3 (4)

75

16

6

10 (63%)

Scrophulariaceae

129 (157)

82

122

103

19 (16%)

Setchellanthaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Simaroubaceae

32 (39)

82

49

32

17 (35%)

Simmondsiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Siparunaceae

2 (3)

67

1

1

0 (0%)

Sladeniaceae

1 (2)

50

1

1

0 (0%)

Smilacaceae

5 (5)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Solanaceae

163 (199)

82

192

128

64 (33%)

Sphaerosepalaceae

1 (2)

50

3

3

0 (0%)

II

World Garden Flora continued

Family Sphenocleaceae

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Stachyuraceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Staphyleaceae

7 (7)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Stegnospermataceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Stemonaceae

4 (5)

80

2

2

0 (0%)

Stemonuraceae

6 (13)

46

10

10

0 (0%)

Stilbaceae

7 (12)

58

7

6

1 (14%)

Strasburgeriaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Strelitziaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Stylidiaceae

6 (6)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Styracaceae

13 (16)

81

6

5

1 (17%)

Surianaceae

4 (5)

80

3

3

0 (0%)

Symplocaceae

1 (3)

33

6

2

4 (67%)

Talinaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Tamaricaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Tapisciaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Tecophilaeaceae

10 (10)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Tetracarpaeaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Tetrachondraceae

1 (2)

50

2

2

0 (0%)

Tetramelaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Tetrameristaceae

2 (3)

67

1

1

0 (0%)

Theaceae

19 (24)

79

11

5

6 (55%)

Thurniaceae

1 (2)

50

3

3

0 (0%)

Thymelaeaceae

55 (78)

71

90

80

10 (11%)

Ticodendraceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Tofieldiaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Torricelliaceae

2 (3)

67

7

7

0 (0%)

Tovariaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Trigoniaceae

3 (5)

60

2

2

0 (0%)

Trimeniaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Triuridaceae

0 (9)

0

55

54

1 (2%)

Trochodendraceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Tropaeolaceae

1 (2)

50

24

1

23 (96%)

Typhaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Ulmaceae

8 (9)

89

13

12

1 (8%)

Urticaceae

77 (89)

87

33

27

6 (18%)

Vahliaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Velloziaceae

8 (9)

89

1

1

0 (0%)

Verbenaceae

27 (38)

71

96

39

57 (59%)

Violaceae

36 (49)

73

124

50

74 (60%)

Vitaceae

37 (39)

95

4

3

1 (25%)

Vivianiaceae

6 (7)

86

3

1

2 (67%)

Vochysiaceae

4 (10)

40

46

42

4 (9%)

33

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

34

continued Genera coverage

Family

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

10 (11)

91

1

1

0 (0%)

Xeronemataceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Xyridaceae

3 (6)

50

24

24

0 (0%)

Zingiberaceae

54 (66)

82

23

23

0 (0%)

Zosteraceae

2 (3)

67

6

6

0 (0%)

Zygophyllaceae

27 (35)

77

13

9

4 (31%)

Total

15,583 (20,561)

75.8

26,892

18,166

8,726 (32.4%)

Winteraceae

z

Table reanalyzed from the supplementary data source (Mounce et al., 2017) Total number of genera in each group in the bracket x Percentage of unresolved species in the bracket y

2.3

Inventory of world garden flora in Pteridophytes

Pteridophytes in the world garden flora are not as much coverage as that of angiosperms, with a total of 538 genera and 47 families held in botanical gardens, accounting for 69.3% of total genera within pteridophytes. Although pteridophytes were not historically prioritized for garden collections, a wide range of different pteridophytes were brought into garden cultivation centuries ago. One problem facing pteridophytes ex situ conservation in botanical gardens is that a high percentage of unsolved species involved (Table 5), which made uncertainty for the conservation status of approximately 2000 species. However, pteridophytes are important source of many traditional herbal medicines and ornamentals. More pteridophytes are collected and cultivated in botanical gardens for a wide spectrum of purposes of research and exploration. A large number of pteridophytes species are currently evaluated and bred for new ornamental varieties and many specialized pteridophytes collections and sub-gardens have been established in different countries across the world. Table 5 Family

Preliminary inventory of world garden flora in Pteridophytesz Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Anemiaceae

5 (7)y

71

23

2

21 (91%)x

Aspleniaceae

18 (32)

56

204

27

177 (87%)

Athyriaceae

20 (25)

80

40

25

15 (38%)

Cibotiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Culcitaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cyatheaceae

13 (20)

65

60

21

39 (65%)

Cystodiaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Cystopteridaceae

7 (7)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Davalliaceae

12 (15)

80

13

6

7 (54%)

Dennstaedtiaceae

20 (26)

77

31

7

24 (77%)

Dicksoniaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Diplaziopsidaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Dipteridaceae

2 (3)

67

5

1

4 (80%)

Dryopteridaceae

57 (78)

73

109

35

74 (68%)

Equisetaceae

2 (3)

67

1

1

0 (0%)

Gleicheniaceae

9 (11)

82

15

2

13 (87%)

Hymenophyllaceae

34 (55)

62

288

61

227 (79%)

II

World Garden Flora

35

continued Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Hypodematiaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

Unresolved 0 (0%)

Isoëtaceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Lindsaeaceae

9 (17)

53

62

20

42 (68%)

Lomariopsidaceae

4 (6)

67

4

3

1 (25%)

Lonchitidaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Loxsomataceae

2 (3)

67

1

1

0 (0%)

Lycopodiaceae

9 (18)

50

29

27

2 (7%)

Lygodiaceae

6 (6)

100

0

0

0 (0%) 2 (29%)

Marattiaceae

10 (13)

77

7

5

Marsileaceae

6 (7)

86

2

2

0 (0%)

Matoniaceae

2 (3)

67

2

1

1 (50%)

Metaxyaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Nephrolepidaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Oleandraceae

4 (4)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Onocleaceae

5 (6)

83

1

1

0 (0%)

Ophioglossaceae

10 (13)

77

16

8

8 (50%)

Osmundaceae

5 (5)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Plagiogyriaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Polypodiaceae

104 (155)

67

690

310

380 (55%)

Psilotaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%) 514 (80%)

Pteridaceae

74 (112)

66

646

132

Rhachidosoraceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Saccolomataceae

1 (3)

33

46

15

31 (67%)

Salviniaceae

3 (3)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Schizaeaceae

2 (4)

50

24

7

17 (71%)

Selaginellaceae

5 (6)

83

1

1

0 (0%)

Tectariaceae

19 (35)

54

164

45

119 (73%)

Thelypteridaceae

31 (45)

69

324

77

247 (76%)

Thyrsopteridaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Woodsiaceae

3 (5)

60

16

2

14 (88%)

Total

538 (776)

69.3

2824

845

1979 (70.1%)

z

Table reanalyzed from the supplementary data source (Mounce et al., 2017) Total number of genera in each group in the bracket x Percentage of unresolved species in the bracket y

2.4

Inventory of world garden flora in Bryophytes

Bryophytes were not historically attention to botanical garden collections, mostly because of insufficient research information and cultivation techniques available except for taxonomic documentation. This is why only 17.4% of known genera of bryophytes are presented in botanical gardens’ ex situ conservation (Table 6). Many of them are probably natural occurrences of local flora within botanical gardens. Considering thousands of botanical gardens over the world and across different latitudes, altitudes, climate zones and local flora and habitats, inventory of gardens’ natural occurred bryophytes in the world botanical garden community is highly encouraged. The inventory should provide more detailed baseline data to support biological research of bryophytes and urgently needed conservation efforts of global strategy for plant conservation.

36

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Table 6 Family

Preliminary inventory of world garden flora in Bryophytesz Genera coverage

No. of genera

Acrobolbaceae

1 (10)

Adelanthaceae

0 (4)

y

continued

No. of species not in gardens %

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

10

67

51

16 (24%)x

0

14

13

1 (7%)

Allisoniaceae

1 (3)

33

6

5

1 (17%)

Amblystegiaceae

8 (53)

15

392

376

16 (4%)

Anastrophyllaceae

4 (17)

24

160

111

49 (31%)

Andreaeaceae

1 (4)

25

10

4

6 (60%)

Andreaeobryaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Aneuraceae

1 (8)

13

465

297

168 (36%)

Antheliaceae

2 (3)

67

8

6

2 (25%)

Anthocerotaceae

0 (11)

0

230

161

69 (30%)

Archidiaceae

0 (1)

0

40

38

2 (5%)

Arnelliaceae

0 (3)

0

20

17

3 (15%)

Aulacomniaceae

0 (6)

0

90

22

68 (76)

Aytoniaceae

2 (11)

18

161

114

150 (93%)

Balantiopsaceae

1 (11)

9

86

62

24 (28%)

Bartramiaceae

1 (14)

7

476

470

6 (13%)

Brachytheciaceae

13 (61)

21

417

405

12 (3%)

Brevianthaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Bruchiaceae

1 (3)

33

97

94

3 (3%)

Bryaceae

5 (41)

12

1152

1127

25 (2%)

Bryobartramiaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Bryoxiphiaceae

0 (2)

0

4

4

1 (0%)

Buxbaumiaceae

0 (5)

0

35

34

1 (3)

Calomniaceae

0 (1)

0

9

9

0 (0%)

Calymperaceae

1 (19)

5

433

413

20 (5%)

Calypogeiaceae

0 (6)

0

110

95

15 (14%)

Catagoniaceae

0 (2)

0

13

13

0 (0%)

Catoscopiaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Cephaloziaceae

6 (20)

30

57

37

20 (35%)

Cephaloziellaceae

2 (14)

14

150

125

25 (17%)

Chaetophyllopsaceae

0 (2)

0

3

3

0 (0%)

Chonecoleaceae

0 (1)

0

6

6

0 (0%)

Cinclidotaceae

0 (1)

0

15

15

0 (0%)

Cleveaceae

1 (4)

25

20

16

4 (20%)

Climaciaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Conocephalaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Corsiniaceae

2 (4)

50

5

4

1 (20%)

Cryphaeaceae

2 (14)

14

130

130

0 (0%)

Cyrtopodaceae

0 (2)

0

4

3

1 (25%)

Daltoniaceae

1 (15)

7

304

298

6 (2%)

Dendrocerotaceae

0 (2)

0

36

25

11 (31%)

Dicnemonaceae

0 (4)

0

33

33

0 (0%)

II

World Garden Flora continued

Family

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Dicranaceae

13 (89)

15

1116

1067

49 (4%)

Diphysciaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Disceliaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Ditrichaceae

6 (32)

19

213

207

6 (3%)

Echinodiaceae

1 (3)

33

25

23

2 (8%)

Encalyptaceae

0 (4)

0

49

44

5 (10%)

Entodontaceae

0 (12)

0

314

313

1 (~0%)

Exormothecaceae

1 (2)

50

10

4

6 (60%)

Fabroniaceae

3 (16)

19

110

108

2 (2%)

Fossombroniaceae

1 (4)

25

91

70

21 (23%)

Funariaceae

3 (23)

13

181

174

7 (4%)

Geocalycaceae

5 (29)

17

204

189

15 (7%)

Grimmiaceae

4 (20)

20

607

580

27 (4%)

Gymnomitriaceae

2 (18)

11

139

121

18 (13%)

Haplomitriaceae

1 (5)

20

17

15

2 (12%)

Hedwigiaceae

0 (5)

0

75

74

1 (1%)

Herbertaceae

0 (6)

0

123

99

24 (20%)

Hookeriaceae

3 (41)

7

821

816

5 (~1%)

Hylocomiaceae

2 (17)

12

96

96

0 (0%)

Hymenophytaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Hypnaceae

9 (72)

13

1748

1703

45 (3%)

Hypnodendraceae

1 (5)

20

68

68

0 (0%)

Hypopterygiaceae

0 (5)

0

34

33

1 (3%)

Jackiellaceae

0 (1)

0

5

3

2 (40%)

Jubulaceae

1 (6)

17

23

20

3 (13%)

Jubulopsaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Jungermanniaceae

10 (50)

20

780

551

229 (29%)

Lejeuneaceae

16 (128)

13

2556

2091

456 (18%)

Lembophyllaceae

2 (16)

13

59

58

1 (2%)

Lepicoleaceae

1 (2)

50

20

11

9 (45%)

Lepidolaenaceae

1 (5)

20

23

19

4 (17%)

Lepidoziaceae

5 (33)

15

663

521

142 (21%)

Leptodontaceae

0 (4)

0

22

18

4 (18%)

Lepyrodontaceae

0 (1)

0

12

12

0 (0%)

Leskeaceae

4 (23)

17

230

228

2 (~1%)

Leucodontaceae

3 (19)

16

108

106

2 (2%)

Leucomiaceae

0 (2)

0

28

27

1 (4%)

Lophocoleaceae

1 (2)

50

335

295

40 (12%)

Lophoziaceae

0 (3)

0

4

4

0 (0%)

Lunulariaceae

2 (2)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Makinoaceae

1 (2)

50

1

1

0 (0%)

Marchantiaceae

3 (7)

43

5

4

1 (20%)

Mastigophoraceae

0 (2)

0

11

5

6 (55%)

37

38

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued Family Meesiaceae

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

0 (6)

0

23

19

4 (17)

Mesoptychiaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Meteoriaceae

2 (28)

7

650

636

14 (2%)

Metzgeriaceae

2 (5)

40

5

5

0 (0%)

Microtheciellaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Mitteniaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Mizutaniaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Mniaceae

6 (13)

46

58

57

1 (2%)

Monocarpaceae

1 (1)

100

0

0

0 (0%)

Monocleaceae

0 (1)

0

3

2

1 (33%)

Monosoleniaceae

0 (2)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Myriniaceae

0 (3)

0

36

36

0 (0%)

Myuriaceae

0 (5)

0

40

40

0 (0%)

Neckeraceae

4 (36)

11

785

756

29 (4%)

Neotrichocoleaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Notothyladaceae

0 (1)

0

20

16

4 (20%)

Octoblepharaceae

0 (1)

0

28

28

0 (0%)

Oedipodiaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Orthorrhynchiaceae

0 (1)

0

4

4

0 (0%)

Orthotrichaceae

4 (43)

9

921

902

19 (2%)

Oxymitraceae

0 (1)

0

4

3

1 (25%)

Pallaviciniaceae

3 (15)

20

80

53

27 (34%)

Pelliaceae

1 (3)

33

3

3

0 (0%)

Phyllodrepaniaceae

0 (3)

0

4

4

0 (0%)

Phyllogoniaceae

0 (1)

0

8

8

0 (0%)

Pilotrichaceae

1 (9)

11

419

415

4 (~1%)

Plagiochilaceae

1 (13)

8

762

524

238 (31%)

Plagiotheciaceae

2 (8)

25

22

22

0 (0%)

Pleurophascaceae

0 (1)

0

3

3

0 (0%)

Pleuroziaceae

1 (3)

33

26

14

12 (46%)

Pleuroziopsaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Polytrichaceae

10 (31)

32

350

341

9 (3%)

Porellaceae

3 (6)

50

47

24

23 (49%)

Pottiaceae

23 (136)

17

2278

2164

114 (5%)

Prionodontaceae

0 (2)

0

16

15

1 (6%)

Pseudoditrichaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Pseudolepicoleaceae

4 (10)

40

11

10

1 (9%)

Pterigynandraceae

1 (5)

20

63

63

0 (0%)

Pterobryaceae

4 (40)

10

341

338

3 (~1%)

Ptilidiaceae

1 (2)

50

1

1

0 (0%)

Ptychomitriaceae

1 (7)

14

164

163

1 (~1%)

Ptychomniaceae

2 (11)

18

25

25

0 (0%)

Racopilaceae

0 (4)

0

69

69

0 (0%)

Radulaceae

1 (3)

33

4

3

1 ( (25%)

II

World Garden Flora continued

Family

z

Genera coverage

No. of species not in gardens

No. of genera

%

Total

Accepted

Unresolved

Regmatodontaceae

0 (2)

0

24

13

11 (46%)

Rhabdoweisiaceae

1 (2)

50

13

12

1 (8%)

Rhachitheciaceae

1 (8)

13

30

30

0 (0%)

Rhacocarpaceae

0 (1)

0

26

26

0 (0%)

Rhizogoniaceae

1 (11)

9

47

47

0 (0%)

Ricciaceae

2 (4)

50

12

3

9 (75%)

Riellaceae

0 (1)

0

17

13

4 (24%)

Rigodiaceae

0 (1)

0

16

16

0 (0%)

Rutenbergiaceae

0 (2)

0

7

6

1 (14%)

Scapaniaceae

3 (9)

33

140

118

22 (16%)

Schistochilaceae

1 (7)

14

133

83

50 (38%)

Schistostegaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Scorpidiaceae

0 (1)

0

4

4

0 (0%)

Seligeriaceae

4 (9)

44

60

59

1 (2%)

Sematophyllaceae

9 (68)

13

1568

1542

26 (2%)

Serpotortellaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Sorapillaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Sphaerocarpaceae

1 (2)

50

1

1

0 (0%)

Sphagnaceae

1 (3)

33

2

2

0 (0%)

Spiridentaceae

0 (3)

0

12

12

0 (0%)

Splachnaceae

2 (13)

15

139

132

7 (5%)

Splachnobryaceae

1 (2)

50

17

17

0 (0%)

Stereophyllaceae

1 (8)

13

91

90

1 (1%)

Takakiaceae

0 (1)

0

2

2

0 (0%)

Targioniaceae

1 (4)

25

27

14

13 (48%)

Tetraphidaceae

0 (3)

0

6

6

0 (0%)

Thamnobryaceae

1 (3)

33

3

3

0 (0%)

Theliaceae

0 (3)

0

14

14

0 (0%)

Thuidiaceae

9 (32)

28

235

226

9 (4%)

Timmiaceae

0 (1)

0

9

8

1 (11%)

Trachypodaceae

1 (6)

17

55

52

3 (5%)

Treubiaceae

0 (2)

0

12

6

6 (50%)

Trichocoleaceae

1 (4)

25

41

27

14 (34%)

Trichotemnomataceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Vandiemeniaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Vetaformaceae

0 (1)

0

2

1

1 (50%)

Viridivelleraceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Vitaceae

37 (39)

95

4

3

1 (25%)

Wardiaceae

0 (1)

0

1

1

0 (0%)

Wiesnerellaceae

0 (1)

0

3

2

1 (33%)

Total

320 (1,841)

17.4%

26,259

23,800

2,554 (9.7%)

Table reanalyzed from the supplementary data source (Mounce et al., 2017) Total number of genera in each group in the bracket x Percentage of unresolved species in the bracket Y

39

40

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Obviously, in the history of centuries’ botanical garden development, the purposes and capacity built within the world botanical garden community have not quite fitted into current conservation needs to rescue the rapid disappearance of plant diversity. The real sensed garden flora of the world is primarily constituted as perennial or shrubs and trees, mostly for economic purposes of agriculture, forestry, horticulture, medicinal or functional foods, and even industrial raw materials. For example, Table 7 and Table 8 list major taxonomic groups in Chinese garden flora (Huang, 2011; Huang and Zhang, 2012). Lack of skills to cope with urgent needs for ex situ conservation requires for capacity building and scientific and technological development. However, traditional skills within the botanical garden community are mostly towards high vascular plants. It has been badly behind of cultivation skills for non-vascular, such as moss and lichen. Furthermore, botanical gardens should be more aggressively responding to the threat of species extinctions because of currently housing at least 13,218 species at risk of extinction, equating to just over 41% of the world’s known threatened flora (Mounce et al., 2017). Table 7

Families with >100 species in ex situ cultivated in Chinese botanical gardens

Family

No. of species

No. of introduced species

Family

No. of species

No. of introduced species

Orchidaceae

879

58

Urticaceae

185

1

Gramineae

721

16

Moraceae

175

12

Rosaceae

705

20

Scrophulariaceae

174

6

Liliaceae

629

19

Myrtaceae

165

44

Compositae

595

6

Oleaceae

159

3

Palmae

560

161

Caesalpiniaceae

158

27

Euphorbiaceae

505

21

Umbelliferae

154

1

Zingiberaceae

483

206

Verbenaceae

153

9

Cactaceae

479

12

Polypodiaceae

152

2

Papilionaceae

427

29

Rutaceae

152

8

Bromeliaceae

392

179

Berberidaceae

150

7

Rubiaceae

380

22

Caprifoliaceae

140

7

Araceae

378

101

Araliaceae

137

7

Lauraceae

370

4

Saxifragaceae

134

1

Leguminosae

338

2

Polygonaceae

132

2

Labiatae

331

3

Mimosaceae

130

28

Gesneriaceae

296

4

Agavaceae

130

20

Magnoliaceae

295

21

Solanaceae

128

5

Crassulaceae

272

13

Aloeaceae

123

7

Cyperaceae

246

1

Vitaceae

121

3

Theaceae

236

4

Primulaceae

119

0

Asclepiadaceae

232

21

Cucurbitaceae

119

0

Ericaceae

230

3

Iridaceae

119

26

Begoniaceae

226

38

Myrsinaceae

116

1

Fagaceae

223

2

Rhamnaceae

114

3

Acanthaceae

213

19

Amaryllidaceae

113

13

Ranunculaceae

202

7

Celastraceae

112

4

Dryopteridaceae

189

2

Aizoaceae

111

3

Apocynaceae

186

28

Source: http://gardenflora.scbg.ac.cn; Huang and Zhang (2012)

II Table 8 Genus

World Garden Flora

41

Genera with >50 species in ex situ cultivated in Chinese botanical gardens

No. of species

No. of introduced species

Genus

No. of species

No. of introduced species

Begonia

226

38

Dryopteris

67

0

Rhododendron

182

3

Quercus

67

1

Aloe

157

2

Sedum

65

3

Euphorbia

154

10

Manglietia

65

1

Camellia

115

4

Ardisia

65

1

Ficus

107

7

Litsea

64

0

Rubus

106

0

Costus

63

37

Dendrobium

104

9

Zingiber

63

28

Michelia

99

2

Viburnum

62

3

Ilex

95

3

Actinidia

62

0

Berberis

93

4

Syzygium

62

6

Aechmea

90

49

Cinnamomum

61

0

Rosa

89

0

Diospyros

61

5

Acer

89

6

Primula

58

0

Bulbophyllum

89

8

Haworthia

57

0

Hoya

89

9

Polygonum

57

0

Magnolia

85

17

Bambusa

55

1

Cotoneaster

84

13

Pilea

54

0

Neoregelia

79

40

Clematis

54

2

Carex

79

1

Machilus

54

0

Alpinia

77

9

Phyllostachys

51

0

Chirita

75

0

Polystichum

50

1

Cycas

72

2

Lithocarpus

50

0

Dioscorea

72

1

Arisaema

50

2

Iris

72

7

Asplenium

50

1

Source: http://gardenflora.scbg.ac.cn; Huang and Zhang (2012)

2.5

Specially assembled living collections

Specially assembled living collections managed in botanical gardens are a core part of the garden flora. These specialized living collections play important roles in botanical research and discovery of useful plant resources as well as ex situ conservation. Unfortunately, there is no inventory and documented data of the specialized living collections worldwide although a roughly estimated number could be several hundred thousand. Take Chinese garden flora as an example. There are more than 15,000 specialized living collections within Chinese garden flora. The specialized collections could be replicated across botanical gardens, but from the perspective of different purposes and management scopes, the collections in different gardens usually targeted plant groups that are suitable for the local climate parameters and have obvious floristic characteristics. Table 9 lists typical living collections represented in a few main Chinese botanical gardens. The botanical gardens in South China usually assembled plant groups endemic to South, Southwest China and other similar zones of the world, such as Zingerberaceae, Palmaceae, Cycadiaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Magnoliaceae, Moraeeae, and Orchidacea, particularly some genera and species distributed in southern subtropics or tropics. The botanical gardens in Northern China mostly housed important gymnosperms,

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

temperate taxa and arid plant groups occurring in North, Northeast and Northwest China. The gardens in Central and Southwest China harbored systematically groups of evergreen broad-leaved forests in China, such as Theaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae and Ericaceae. In terms of the distribution pattern of Chinese botanical gardens, fewer botanical gardens are located in Northwest China, and so is the number of specialized living collections. The specialized living collections within Chinese botanical gardens mostly focused on native endemic plants and also on assembling regional floristic taxa in responding to China’s national conservation strategies, such as Magnolia, Camellia, Rhododendron living collections, which normally have a broad assemblage, standardized conservation management, profound garden-based research programs. These living collections are well represented with floristic characteristics of different regions. For example, Magnoliaceae collection of South China Botanical Garden assembled 259 species from overall the world, which covers the most important genera and species in Magnoliaceae occurred in China and a large number of important species from other parts of the world. It is the largest and the most comprehensively maintained living collection of Magnoliaceae in the world. Table 9

Ex situ cultivated plants of representative main specialized collections of Chinese botanical gardens under Chinese Academy of Sciences continued

Specialized collections or sub-gardens No. of Species Plant groups represented South China Botanical Garden Magnoliaceae

259

All genera of Magnoliaceae, National rank Ⅰ and Ⅰ protected species, Kmeria septentrionalis, Manglietiastrum sinicum, Michelia odora, Paramichelia baillonii, etc.

Zingiberaceae

307

Most genera of the family, rare and economic important: Costus, Alpinia, Heliconia, Musa; Achasma yunnanense, Curcuma rcenyujin, Fructus Amomi, Musella lasiocarpa, Orchidantha chinensis, Stahlianthus involucratus, Alpinia oxyphylla, etc.

Orchidaceae

1,327

>200 wild native orchid species, ca. 1,000 tropical orchid species; critically endangered species of Paphiopedilum armeniacum, P. concolor, P. purpuratum, etc.

Palmae

395

Endemic, endangered and economic species; such as Caryota urens, Chuniophoenix hainanensis, Chuniophoenix nana, Trachycarpus nana, Guihaia argyrata, Adonidia merrillii, Phoenix sylvestris, Arenga engleri, Phoenix canariensis, etc.

Bamboos

300

Endemic, endangered and economic species, such as Acidosasa chinensis, Qiongzhuea tumidinoda, Monocladus, Oligostachyum shiuyingianum, Phyllostachys aurea, Phyllostachys nigra, Chimonobambusa quadrangularis, Bambusa multiplex, Dendrocalamus brandisii, etc.

Cycas

95

All wild and endangered species of the genus, such as C. fairylakea, C. hainanensis, C. changjiangensi, C. panzhihuaensis, C. debaoensis, etc.

Bromeliaceae

203

>300 ornamental species of the family, tropical fruit trees, coffee, miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum), etc.

Economical plants

205

Aromatic, oil and dye plants, etc; Pimenta dioica (Myrtaceae), Liquidambar formosana (Hamamelidaceae), Elaeis guineensis (Palmae), Camellia plyodonta (Theaceae), Camellia gigantocarpa, Vernicia fordii (Euphorbiaceae), Vcmicia Montana, Pterocarpus (Leguminosae), etc.

88

Cathaya argyrophylla (Pinaceae), Euryodendron excelsum (Theaceae), Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Taxaceae), Amentotaxus yunnanensis (Taxaceae), Bretschneidera sinensis (Bretschneideraceae), Nyssa yunnanensis (Nyssaceae), Cephalotaxus oliveri (Cephalotaxaceae), Calocedrus macrolepis (Cupressaceae), Keteleeria pubescens (Pinaceae), Pinus kwangtungensis, Taiwania cryptomerioides (Taxodiaceae), Hopea hainanensis (Dipterocarpaceae), etc.

Threatened and endangered plants

Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Precious and indigenous aromatic and spice plants, such as Cananga odorata (Annonaceae), Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae), Santalum album (Santalaceae), Aquilaria sinensis (Thymelaeaceae), Vanilla fragrans (Orchidaceae), Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae), Myroxylon balsamum (Leguminosae), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae), Cinnamomum cassia, Michelia alba (Magnoliaceae), Cinnamomum tenuipilum, Elsholtzia communis (Lamiaceae), Cinnamomum heyneanum, Eryngium foetidum (Apiaceae), Gmelina arborea (Lamiaceae), Mesua ferrea (Guttiferae), etc.

Aromatic plants

115

Tropical fruits

102

Many varieties of pomelo, mango and banana; main tropical fruit species and wild relatives

Palmae

352

Chuniophoenix hainanensis, Chuniophoenix nana, Caryota urens, Trachycarpus nana, Wallichia disticha, Salacca zalacca, Bactris gasipaes, etc.

Southern Yunnan endemic plants

140

Rhododendron hancockii (Ericaceae), Castanopsis calathiformis (Fagaceae), Epiprinus siletianus (Euphorbiaceae), Neonauclea griffithii (Rubiaceae), Linociera ramiflora (Oleaceae), etc.

II

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43

continued Specialized collections or sub-gardens No. of Species Plant groups represented

Ethno-plants

352

Plants of eight famous prescriptions of Dai minority medicine, such as Vitex trifolia (Verbenaceae), Blumea balsamifera (Asteraceae), Bousigonia mekongensis (Apocynaceae), Solanum spirale (Solanaceae); religious plants, such as Ficus religiosa (Moraceae), Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae), Mesua ferrea (Guttiferae).

Ficus trees

139

Ethno wild woody vegetables such as Ficus auriculata (Moraceae), Ficus oligodon, Ficus altissima, Ficus racemosa, Ficus vasculosa, Ficus lacor, etc.; ethno medicinal plants such as Ficus benjamina, Ficus religiosa, Ficus curtipes, etc.

Dipterocarp

54

Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Parashorea chinensis, Dipterocarpus gracilis, Hopea hainanensis, Hopea hongayensis, Vatica xishuangbannaensis, Dipterocarpus retusus, etc.

Dracaena

69

All species of Dracaena are native to China

Wuhan Botanical Garden Actinidia germplasm repository

>50

The world largest kiwifruit repository, with >50 species and 30,000 germplasm accessions

486

Most of main groups of aquatic plants in freshwater, such as rare and endangered Isoetes japonica (Isoetaceae), Isoetes sinensis, Oryza officinalis (Granineae), Ceratopteris pteridoides (Parkeriaceae), Ranalisma rostratum (Alismataceae), Sagittaria tengtsungensis (Alismataceae), Hygroryza aristata (Gramineae); aquatic vegetable germplasm resources: Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae), Typha orientalis (Typhaceae), Brasenia schreberi (Nymphaeaceae), Ottelia acuminate (Hydrocharitaceae), Trapa bispinosa (Trapaceae), Zizania latifolia (Gramineae), Colocasia esculenta (Araceae), etc.

73

National rank Ⅰ and Ⅰ protected species: Ostrya rehderiana (Betulaceae), Carpinus putoensis (Betulaceae), Isoetes sinensis (Isoetaceae), Davidia involucrate (Nyssaceae), Bretschneidera sinensis (Bretschneideraceae), Manglietiastrum sinicum (Magnoliaceae), Parakmeria yunnanensis, Parakmeria omeiensis (Magnoliaceae), Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Taxaceae), Gleditsia japonica (Leguminosae), Pinus kwangtungensis (Pinaceae), Tetracentron sinense (Tetracentraceae), etc.

1,094

National key protected wild medicinal plant resources: Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Leguminosae), Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae), Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), Magnolia officinalis, Magnolia officinalis ssp. biloba (Magnoliaceae), Phellodendron sinii (Rutaceae), Acanthopanax senticosus (Araliaceae), Scutellaria baicalensis (Lamiaceae), Asparagus cochinchinensis (Liliaceae), Asarum sp. (Aristolochiaceae), Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae), Forsythia suspense (Oleaceae); genuine herbal medicines of Central China: Pinellia ternate (Araceae), Tetradium ruticarpum (Rutaceae), Belamcanda chinensis (Liliaceae), Ligustrum lucidum (Oleaceae), etc.

Gamopetalous trees

700

Genera of Syringa (Oleaceae), Fraxinus (Oleaceae), Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae), Viburnum (Caprifoliaceae), etc.

Perennials

500

Genera of Hosta (Liliaceae), Lilium (Liliaceae), Iris (Iridaceae), Clematis (Ranunculaceae), Hemerocallis (Liliaceae), etc.

Magnolia and Ranunculaceae

450

Most plants of Magnolia and Ranunculaceae

Gymnosperm

90

Genera of Pinus, Cupressus, Taxodium, Larix, Metasequoia, etc.

Wild fruits

180

Genera of Malus, Pyrus, Crataegus (Rosaceae), Juglans (Juglandaceae), ect.

Rare and endangered plants

60

Mostly endangered and threatened species

Crape myrtle

90

Genera of Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae), Populus (Salicaceae), Salix (Salicaceae), Hibiscus (Malvaceae), etc.

Rosaceae

170

Genera of Rose, Prunus, Spiraea, Malus, etc.

Systematic garden

246

Layout by Bessey classification system including: Torreya grandis (Taxaceae), Pseudolarix amabilis (Pinaceae), Tsuga chinensis (Pinaceae), Liriodendron chinensis and Magnolia (Magnoliaceae), Ormosia hosiei (Leguminosae), Calycanthus (Calycanthaceae), etc.

Arboretum

371

Evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous tree species of Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Aquifoliaceae, Magnoliaceae and Aceraceae; about 50 rare and endangered species

Pines

59

Fifty-nine species of coniferous trees in Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae

Roses

125

Mainly in roses and also included valuable ornamental plants, such as Armeniaca mume, Magnolia denudata, Jasminum nudiflorum (Oleaceae), azaleas, camellias, peonies, tree peonies.

Ilex

205

Mainly in Ilex species, mostly introduced from abroad

Aquatic plants

Central China relic and rare plants

Medicinal plants

Beijing Botanical Garden

Nanjing Botanical Garden

44

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Specialized collections or sub-gardens No. of Species Plant groups represented Maples

43

Most plants of Aceraceae, including Acer palmatum, Acer henryi, Acer sinopurpurascens, Acer davidii, Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum’, Pistacia chinensis and other foliage plant, such as Kalopanax septemlobus (Araliaceae).

Gramineae

400

>400 species and 100 genera of Gramineae were collected

Rare and endangered plants

1,200

Parashorea chinensis (Dipterocarpaceae), Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Taxaceae), Malania oleifera (Olacaceae), Dalbergia odorifera (Leguminosae), Cephalotaxus fortunei (Cephalotaxaceae), Vatica guangxiensis (Dipterocarpaceae), etc.

Golden camellias

134

Camellia nitidissima, C. impressinervis, C. micrantha, C. pinggaoensis, C. pubipetala, and C. polyodonta, C. crapnelliana, etc.

Rhododendrons

70

R. rivulare, R. pulchrum, R. latoucheae, R. cavaleriei, R. hainanense, R. ovatum, etc.

Osmanthus

23

More than 20 varieties of four varieties groups of Osmanthus fragrans var. fragrans, O. fragrans var. semperflorens and O. fragrans ‘Shishangui’, as well as Ligustrum compactum, Jasminum elongatum, etc. within Oleaceae

Endemic plants of Guangxi

526

Selaginella albociliata, S. chingiii, S. commutate, S decipiens, S. pronifolia (Selaginellaceae), Stephania mashanica (Ranunculaceae), Lagerstroemia guilinensis (Lythraceae), Maytenus guangxiensis (Celastraceae), Begonia chingii (Begoniaceae), Aspidistra huanjiangensis (Liliaceae), Impatiens macrovexilla var. yaoshanensi (Balsaminaceae), etc.

Theaceae

672

Genus Camellia including 23 golden Camellia species; other genera include Pyrenaria, Gordonia, Schima, Stewartia, Ternstroemia, Adinandra, Euryodendron, Eurya, etc.

Begonia

460

Begonia (Begoniaceae), Conandron (Gesneriaceae), Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae), Clematis (Ranunculaceae), etc.

Landscaping foliage and fruits

410

Acer (Aceraceae), Caprifoliaceae, Olea (Oleaceae), Hypericum (Guttiferae), etc.

Arboretum

960

Hamamelidaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Aceraceae, Anacardiaceae, Nyssaceae, Combretaceae, Araliaceae, Sterculiaceae, Ulmaceae, etc.

Annuals

950

Labiatae, Liliaceae, Paeoniaceae, Magnoliaceae, Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae, Campanulaceae, Malvaceae, Cupressaceae, Zingiberaceae, Trilliaceae, etc.

Conifers

248

Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, and Taxaceae, etc., such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Taxodiaceae), Wollemia nobilis (Pinaceae), Sciadopitys verticillata (Taxodiaceae), Taiwania flousiana (Taxodiaceae), Cathaya argyrophylla (Pinaceae), Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Taxaceae), Pseudolarix amabilis (Pinaceae).

Arboretum

300

Rare and endangered species about 140, including Bretschneidera sinensis, Davidia involucrate, Cathaya argyrophylla, Taiwania flousiana (Taxodiaceae), Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis, Pseudotaxus chienii (Taxaceae), Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae), Tapiscia sinensis (Tapisciaceae), Emmenopterys henryi (Rubiaceae) and species of Magnoliaceae, etc.

Rhododendrons

>340

>340 species natives or introduced

Fern and moss

300

A total 285 species, 89 genera and 40 families of pteridophytes and 15 species, 7 genera and 5 families of bryophytes

Guilin Botanical Garden

Kunming Botanical Garden

Lushan Botanical Garden

Turpan Desert Botanical Garden Tamaricaceae

25

Genera of Tamarix, Reaumuria and Myricaria

Ethno-medicinal plants

150

Most wild medicinal plants commonly used by Uyghur ethnic, also including herbal medicines by Kazakhstan, Mongolia and other ethnic minorities in Xinjiang

Desert economical plants

50

Malus sieversii, Rosa multiflora, Armeniaca vulgaris var. ansu, Amygdalus communis, Prunus domestica, Crataegus cuneata, Cerasus tomentosa of Rosaceae family and Juglans cathayensis (Juglandaceae), etc.

Temperate desert rare and endangered 150 plants

Endemic, rare, relict and endangered plants in desert habitats, including some keystone plants of typical desert ecosystem, as well as many important wild relatives of crop species and wild species with potential values

Desert Halophyte plants

110

Chenopodiaceae, Tamaricaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Salicaceae, Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Poaceae, etc., most extremophiles plants

1,500

Most rhododendrons, also included a few other rare and endangered species such as Davidia involucrate, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Tetracentron sinense.

Huaxi sub-alpine plants garden Rhododendrons

II

World Garden Flora

45

The specialized living collections are also an important part of botanical gardens that are engaged in the exploration of useful plant resources or that have extensive R&D capabilities. There are quite a number of specialized collections in Chinese botanical gardens designated to economic plants, such as those for medicinal and economic plants, fruit trees, and ornamental flowers. These living collections contributed many outputs to Chinese socioeconomic developments. The majority of Chinese botanical gardens have specialized living collections or sub-gardens designated to rare and endangered plants, which focus on collecting and conserving threatened and endangered plants, especially those on the Red List. Some well-managed living collections for endangered plants have been extended into genetic diversity at population levels and evaluated into the genetic integrity of some critically endangered plants. These specialized collections have been playing a crucial role in ex situ conservation and restoration of endangered plants in China. However, a recent study revealed that only 10% of collections are dedicated to threatened species, and slightly over 41% of globally threatened species are currently held in ex situ collections (Mounce et al., 2017). The range of threatened species is highly restricted, so that it is hard to collect, propagate, and cultivate in ex situ collections. Therefore, it is an urgent need to improve botanical garden based efforts to cope with the massive extinction of plants in this century. In order to prevent species extinction, the capacity of botanical garden based conservation should be directed towards the most threatened species. Multiple accessions of threatened species across the world botanical gardens will buffer against loss of threatened species, and provide genetic diversity for ecological restoration efforts. However, 11% of globally threatened species are currently held in one single institution. Future studies should also explore the under-representation of environmental niches, life histories, ethnobotanical and wild relatives of crop plants (Mounce et al., 2017). Overall, cultivating all plant species of lineages can be very challenging and not realistic for the normal practice of botanical gardens. For example, some 4,000 species of parasitic angiosperms are neither attention of botanical gardens nor suitable for garden cultivation (Westwood et al., 2010). A comprehensive survey will be needed to understand how much and how well plant diversity is conserved and managed within the world’s botanical garden community. Gap analyses to target under-represented evolutionary distinctiveness of taxa or groups can be a challenge, but it will benefit the future development of botanical gardens, especially for garden-based research activities.

III

Ex situ Flora of China

There are 161 botanical gardens in China, holding ca. 20,000 species in China (Huang and Zhang, 2012). Ex situ Flora of China is a new initiative to utilize the garden cultivated flora to address plant diversity conservation and germplasm discovery for sustainable agriculture and the bio-industries. Initiated in 2012, the project aims to catalogue and document the mega-diversity of plants that are currently cultivated in the Chinese botanical gardens. The Ex situ Flora of China is planned to be one of the most influential initiatives of the plant diversity research for sustainable economic and social development in China (Huang, 2011; Huang et al., 2017). China has a long history of plant gardening and the largest garden cultivated floras in the world. Even dated back to three centuries ago when western plant hunters (such as Pehr Osbeck 1750–1752; Robert Fortune 1842–1861; Augustine Henry 1882–1890; Ernest Henry Wilson 1876–1930; George Forrest 1904–1932; Joseph F. Rock 1922–1949; etc.) were exploring in China, the first impression to westerners was the numerous garden cultivated plants, as well as numerous private Chinese traditional gardens. From centuries of home gardening tradition to the modern botanical garden practice for plant conservation, Chinese botanical gardens have been playing an important role in botanical garden based research, ex situ conservation and discovery of useful plant resources. The largest garden cultivated flora assembled in the past century is an invaluable treasure to the national security of bio-sources (Huang and Zhang, 2012). However, no national list or inventory of garden cultivated plants existed in Chinese history, even if many kinds of native Chinese plants that provide food, utility, and pleasure have been widely recognized worldwide. Ernest H. Wilson highly praised China as the “Mother of Gardens” because “anywhere in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, no garden does not cultivate several species derived from Chinese plants” (Wilson, 1929). Today gardens and parks throughout the world showcase flowering plants like rhododendrons, camellias, magnolias, peonies, primroses, viburnums, and many others that originated in China (Huang et al., 2017). Obviously, inventory and accurate information pertaining to plants grown in China are urgently needed, both native and introduced. A complete inventory of garden cultivated plants and project of Ex situ Flora of China provide baseline data to support the future of such scientific and concomitant databasing efforts. Along with other national mega-databases, it will contribute to China’s national strategies of sciences and technologies in the 21th century, and go in accordance with China’s government commitments to the Convention on Biological Diversity (Huang et al., 2017).

1 Formulation of Ex situ Flora of China Formulating a strategy and planning for ex situ flora in China took a three-year preparation during 2011–2013 as well as extensive background check and literature review. Overall status of worldwide situation and SWOFT analyses were assessed thoroughly. The concept and vision of the project have been evaluated by a group of experts from the international botanical garden community, and consultation meetings were also convened internally and internationally. The project is different from any other of its kind, for example, the six-volume European Garden Flora that was published in 1998–2000 and its second edition that was released in 2011 (Cullen et al., 2011). The Ex situ Flora of China is different in at least five aspects. ① In terms of the initiator, The Ex situ Flora of China is a state-funded project aiming to make a complete inventory of garden-cultivated plants in China, while the European Garden Flora started with a group of botanists voluntarily trying to make and accurate identification of cultivated ornamental plants found in Europe with a

III

Ex situ Flora of China

47

large number of exotic plants introduced. ② In terms of the baseline data and database, the Ex situ Flora of China started with documented databases from the national inventory of garden-cultivated plants, while European Garden Flora initiated with catalogues or other similar data sources from many European nurseries. ③ Ex situ Flora of China is mostly prioritized on plants native to China while majority of plants found growing in Europe is exotics or introduced from other parts of the world. ④ The Ex situ Flora of China has taken obvious advantage of the availability of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS, Chinese version flora of China) and Flora of China (an updated English version of FRPS) as a benchmark while European flora is not such complete during the compilation of European Garden Flora. ⑤ The Ex situ Flora of China has formulated an integrative editorial strategy for inclusion of taxonomic information, natural distribution, morphological descriptions from living collections, passport information, phenological and biological information and cultivation information, while European Garden Flora is mostly a checklist of plant names and concise descriptions (Huang et al., 2017). The core concept of Ex situ Flora of China is to build a brand new formulation for species found in living collections, rely on botanical garden cultivated individuals and populations to obtain better morphological descriptions, and provide multi-purpose applicability and data service to support national bio-strategies and bio-industries. Ex situ Flora of China emphasizes accurate and integrated information on biology, phenology, cultivation requirements and uses of plant germplasm collected from living collections across different botanical Chinese gardens, which are not available from traditional Floras based on herbarium specimens. In this way, it will provide better taxonomy information, biological data, and color photos of the stem, leave, flower, fruit and seed, as well as instructions of cultivating protocols and main uses of each plant (Figure 1). In general, the Ex situ Flora of China provides more useful information compared with the traditional Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Huang et al., 2017).

48

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Figure 1

Example of information included for each species and format in Ex situ Flora of China (from published the first volume of Ex situ Flora of China-Magnoliaceae, Yang et al., 2015)

Ex situ Flora of China has unique features that differ from other garden floras or cultivated Floras. For example, the delimitation of taxa boundaries for garden plants is also flexible, allowing the possible inclusion of a list of varieties for some species of special horticultural or ornamental interest, such as lotus, chrysanthemum, rhododendron, etc. of which many cultivars have been developed from single species. The project also conforms to the trends of national and international ex situ conservation, public awareness and citizen education and is consistent with the principle of long-term accumulation of biological data as well as in line with the country’s strategic planning needs for baseline data converge (Huang et al., 2017). In practice, the Ex situ Flora of China will provide significant support to botanical research and plant germplasm discovery and sustainable use. ① It will enhance taxonomic research with common garden-based living specimens. The morphological and biological data collecting from living collections of different botanical gardens are of the crucial importance for both adequate and accurate descriptions and the delimitation of difficult taxa whereas traditional taxonomic revisions were based on herbarium specimens. ② It will support comparative biology and frontline plant science research. With increasing awareness of environmental and habitat changes in the overall context of climate change on plant distributions in situ, the Ex situ Flora will provide intensive plant biological information from different gardens across a wide spectrum of different latitudes, regional climates and habitats in relation to the research on plant adaptive evolution, migration and distribution shifts and physiological or/and biochemical changes, etc. ③ It will strengthen germplasm discovery and sustainability of plant resource, which should enhance the current programs in medicinal, industrial bio-energy, landscaping and ornamental plants, new functional fruits and vegetables and environmental meliorating plants, etc. (Huang et al., 2017). The Ex situ Flora of China will include ca. 300 families, >3000 genera and approximately 16,000–20,000 species from ex situ living collections across more than 60 botanical gardens in China (Huang, 2014, 2015–2017). Both electronic and hard copy versions are simultaneously available, with the e-version periodically

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49

updated. Hard copy publication has been arranged by large families or genera and combined small families. A total of approximately 80 volumes are expected to be published within a time frame about 15–20 years (Huang et al., 2017). Initiated as a national project for China, the Ex situ Flora of China may eventually become an ex situ Flora of the world after the successful completion of the Chinese and regional ex situ Floras, because the concept of the Ex situ Flora of China is versatile and adaptable to any scale (Huang et al., 2017).

2 Ex situ Flora of China compared with Flora of China Ex situ Flora of China will contribute to both scientific research and applications of using plant resources. Documenting the data collected from sites of ex situ living collections across different gardens will benefit both traditional botanical research and frontline research which largely depend on sufficient and accurate data of plant growth and development, such as plant taxonomy and climate change biology. Particularly, phenological data of a wide range of taxa collected from different botanical gardens in different latitudes and longitudes would provide solid evidence of climate changes over decades and centuries. Meanwhile, the formulation of Ex situ Flora of China is mainly designed for supporting exploration and utilization of plant resources that are crucial for human survival and sustainability, such as crop plant wild relatives for crop breeding and genetic improvement, germplasm for new specialist crops, local indigenous plants for reforestation and wetland restoration, biodiesel plants and medicinal resources, etc. (Huang et al., 2017).

2.1

Alien plants

The 10 largest families in ex situ collections are commonly seen in China, i. e. Orchidaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Cactaceae and Asclepiadaceae. However, two families among them, Cactaceae and Arecaceae, are non-native. Obviously, all species of Cactaceae were introduced from desert regions of other parts of the world, whereas more than 90% of species in Arecaceae came from South America. In comparison, the 10 largest families documented in Flora of China (FOC) are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Lamiaceae, Ericaceae, Cyperaceae and Liliaceae, six of which also rank top ten in ex situ living collections (Table 10). The Flora of China has some unique features, such as the 10 largest families of FOC account for >1/3 of the total number of Chinese native plants, that is ca. 12,404 out of 31,365. About two thirds of the 312 families contain 50 or fewer species, i. e. 212 families in China contain only ca. 900 out of 31,365 (2.9%), on average c. 23 species/family. Nonetheless, the inventory of garden flora of China showed a relatively low percentage of exotic species in China, which is quite different from the situation in the US and Europe. The possible explanation is that China is rich in plant diversity and has approximately 1.5 times and twice as many vascular plants as US and Europe, respectively. North America and Europe have been active in plant hunting and introducing plants from other places over the world in the past 400–500 years. In fact, there are 3–4 times more introduced plants than native plants in the US (Elias, personal communication) and the situation is similar in Europe (Huang et al., 2017). Table 10

Comparison of 20 largest families between in Ex situ Flora of China and in Flora of China Ex situ Flora of China

Flora of China

Family name

Number of species

1

Orchidaceae

702

2

Poaceae

639

Family name

Number of species

1

Asteraceae

2165

2

Poaceae

1906

3

Rosaceae

629

3

Fabaceae

1710

4

Fabaceae

574

4

Orchidaceae

1378

5

Asteraceae

495

5

Rosaceae

954

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

50

continued Ex situ Flora of China

Flora of China

Family name

Number of species

Family name

Number of species

6

Liliaceae

477

7

Arecaceae

405

6

Ranunculaceae

941

7

Lamiaceae

8

Euphorbiaceae

900

356

8

Ericaceae

9

861

Cactaceae

352

9

Cyperaceae

825

10

Asclepiadaceae

326

10

Liliaceae

764

11

Zingiberaceae

303

11

Scrophulariaceae

704

12

Rubiaceae

301

12

Apiaceae

636

13

Lamiaceae

274

13

Dryopteridaceae

589

14

Lauraceae

265

14

Saxifragaceae

572

15

Gesneriaceae

264

15

Lauraceae

543

16

Araceae

243

16

Primulaceae

538

17

Bromeliaceae

232

17

Rubiaceae

492

18

Ericaceae

207

18

Gesneriaceae

470

19

Cyperaceae

204

19

Brassicaceae

463

20

Theaceae

203

20

Papaveraceae

454

Data source: Huang et al., 2017

2.2

Economic and useful plant species

The 15 largest genera in ex situ living collections are mostly economic and useful taxa, including those of horticultural, medicinal, industrial raw materials and other economic values, such as Hoya, Begonia, Rhododendron, Ficus, Rubus, Camellia, Euphorbia, Aloe, Acer, Dendrobium, Ilex, Rosa, Berberis, Bulbophyllum, and Primulina (Table 11). In contrast, only four out of the 15 largest genera in Flora of China are the same as those in ex situ. In fact, the 15 largest genera in nature include 4642 species (Huang et al., 2017), accounting for ca. 15% of the species documented in the Flora of China. The 45 largest genera with over 100 species documented in FOC include more than a quarter of the total species of the native flora. In addition, ca. 1283 out of a total 3329 genera documented in FOC consist of only a single species. Evidently, the Ex situ Flora of China highlights much more economical and valuable species (Huang et al., 2017). Table 11

Comparison of 45 largest genera in the Ex situ Flora of China and the Flora of China

Ex situ Flora of China

Flora of China

Genus name

Number of species

Genus name

Number of species

1

Hoya

202

1

Rhododendron

570

2

Begonia

201

2

Carex

505

3

Rhododendron

155

3

Corydalis

364

4

Ficus

122

4

Pedicularis

363

5

Rubus

114

5

Astragalus

355

6

Camellia

104

6

Primula

304

7

Euphorbia

102

7

Salix

282

8

Aloe

98

8

Saussurea

274

9

Acer

98

9

Gentiana

254

10

Dendrobium

92

10

Impatiens

254

11

Ilex

91

11

Saxifraga

239

12

Rosa

91

12

Berberis

216

13

Berberis

86

13

Aconitum

211

III

Ex situ Flora of China

51

continued Ex situ Flora of China

Flora of China

Genus name

Number of species

Genus name

Number of species

14

Bulbophyllum

81

15

Primulina

76

14

Rubus

209

15

Ilex

16

Carex

208

70

16

Dryopteris

199

17

Aechmea

63

17

Artemisia

189 188

18

Viburnum

63

18

Begonia

19

Dryopteris

62

19

Athyrium

180

20

Polystichum

62

20

Oxytropis

177

21

Bambusa

60

21

Polystichum

177

22

Dioscorea

58

22

Delphinium

175

23

Syzygium

58

23

Asplenium

168

24

Cotoneaster

58

24

Elatostema

157

25

Alpinia

58

25

Clematis

156

26

Actinidia

56

26

Cyclosorus

152

27

Magnolia

56

27

Lysimachia

143

28

Quercus

55

28

Allium

140

29

Michelia

55

29

Ranunculus

130

30

Litsea

54

30

Arachniodes

125

31

Primula

54

31

Sedum

125

32

Phyllostachys

53

32

Lithocarpus

122

33

Ardisia

51

33

Polygonum

117

34

Lonicera

50

34

Camellia

116

35

Clematis

50

35

Ligularia

116

36

Polygonum

49

36

Silene

115

37

Iris

48

37

Chirita

108

38

Zingiber

48

38

Arenaria

106

39

Asplenium

47

39

Arisaema

106

40

Pteris

47

40

Bulbophyllum

106

41

Diospyros

46

41

Acer

104

42

Pilea

46

42

Viola

104

43

Costus

45

43

Ficus

103

44

Euonymus

44

44

Scutellaria

103

Spiraea

44

45

Rosa

100

45

Data source: Huang et al., 2017

2.3

Taxa entry and boundary

The principles for inclusion and circumscription of taxa have been well formulated and standardized. The Ex situ Flora of China is the species-based inventory and documents living collections in botanical gardens, unlike other cultivated floras in which a large percentage of cultivars are included. A typical example is the Cultivated Flora of North America, a project initiated 2001 but terminated in 2006. Difficulties and impediments are obvious, including the fact that more introduced than native species exist in North America, and that there is a large percentage of cultivars and disagreement between taxonomists or botanists and horticulturists or agriculturists on which taxa to include and how they should be delimited, as well as insufficient financial support (Elias and Raven, personal communication). In the initial guidance of the Ex situ Flora of China during the planning stage of the project, species level entry has been officially determined so as to exclude cultivars under any terms, although a list of cultivars might be allowed as an appendix in some special horticultural species (Huang et al., 2017).

52

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

However, in view of the unique situation of ex situ living collections, below species level, subspecies and varieties or forms are accepted with strict definitions and terminology, which is more appropriate for some families and genera in ex situ living collections, because the Ex situ Flora of China is partially driven by applications of plant germplasm evaluation and discovery. In any circumscription, voucher specimens are mandated for collecting and depositing voucher specimens of each taxon entry is well formulated and guided (Huang et al., 2017). All species entries are referenced from Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China for verification of authentically taxonomic names. However, differences and controversies of taxonomic treatments of some families and genera exist between the earlier Chinese version of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and the updated English version of Flora of China, and changes of species names were found in Floras and living collections due to much taxonomic revisions made after plants of the same species were brought into ex situ cultivation. In such cases, prioritized references are recommended, with the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae having the highest authority for species name verification as it is more accepted by Chinese botanists and gardeners. In the documenting and data collecting process of families and genera of the Ex situ Flora of China, new taxa, new combinations and new names are discouraged unless there are substantial studies conducted in natural populations and sufficient evidence is obtained (Huang et al., 2017).

2.4

Passport data

Passport data have been considered as critical information for an ex situ Flora because this information provides important indexes of introducing locality, time, geographical data and habitat information, as well as important historical information on vegetation and environment. The design and inclusion of passport data provide an authentic checklist of garden flora with useful information for various users in the studies of botany, forest, agriculture, horticulture, industry, private sectors, etc. in line with the concept or principle of multi-purpose services as an end product of Ex situ Flora of China. In principle, the passport data are a mandatory requirement in the Ex situ Flora of China, and in turn enforces participating botanical gardens to enhance their data management and capacity building and higher standard of botanical garden management, despite the difficulties in dealing with historical introductions and plants introduced in past decades (Huang et al., 2017). Although botanical gardens in China began to pay attention to records and data management of living collections in the 1960s (Yu et al., 1965), they have never reached a proper level in a standardized, uniform and persistent maintenance. For example, a recent survey shows that only 48% of Chinese botanical gardens (78 of the total 162 gardens) have maintained collecting records (Huang, 2017). The Ex situ Flora of China is designed to rescue historical data of living plant accessions ex situ to promote a collection strategy and standardize ex situ management of living collections, in particular, with emphasis on the documenting of material types collected, provenances, sampling methods, health status of living plants, and garden conservation policies. One of the primary functions of the living collections is to provide a reference source of correctly named plants for taxonomy, horticulture and other purposes, and thus the Ex situ Flora of China also focuses on morphology, taxonomic verification, cultivation techniques, and sustainable utilization of plant resources under “common garden” conditions, which will eventually improve the management of living collections and enhance scientific and research values and efficiency of ex situ conservation (Huang et al., 2017).

2.5

Phenological data

The inclusion of phenological data for each entry is probably an idealistic goal but requires botanical gardens to accumulate data for research into climate change biology and formulate long term strategies. The basic idea is that botanical gardens should timely participate in studying and monitoring the phenology and

III

Ex situ Flora of China

53

adaptive changes of certain keystone species in ex situ living collections. The data collected across different botanical gardens in different latitudes, longitudes and elevations would provide solid biological evidence of climate changes and plant adaptive response. The real data from living collections will support long-term monitoring of climate changes (Huang et al., 2017). Biologists in Chinese botanical gardens observed phenomenal variations that provide insights into genetic and biological changes in ex situ living collections. For example, Magnolia cylindrica that E. H. Wilson originally observed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, was cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens since 1980s. Its passport data and phenological data were documented from the seven botanical gardens. The phenological data showed that Spring phenophase (budburst and leafing) were mostly consistent with changes of latitudes, ca. 7±3 days in every latitude (Yang et al., 2015). However, some species have multiple individuals in ex situ cultivation and showed large variation of phenophase, e. g. more than 20 days difference even in the same habitat. Another example is that Rhododendron fortunei in Lushan Botanical Garden exhibited variation of flowering time ranging from the end of April to mid of May. Thus, calibration of individuals for monitoring and collecting phonological data would be an important measure, such as labeling individuals for phenological data collection or even clonal genotypes in different gardens for quantity control of rigid phenological data included in Ex situ Flora. BBCH codes (Germany; Meier, 2001) may be adopted as standards and guidelines for phenological observation (Huang et al., 2017).

2.6

Taxonomic system

The Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS) and updated English revision Flora of China (FOC) are important references for the Ex situ Flora of China and provide the benchmark for the taxonomic system and systematic arrangement of Chinese plant families. Therefore, the Ex situ Flora of China inherits the systematic arrangement of angiosperm families of the FRPS and FOC as benchmark reference and also adopts Engler’s system for angiosperms (1964), Ching’s system for pteridophytes (1978) and Cheng’s system for gymnosperms (1978) in consistency with FRPS and FOC. However, reasonable adjustments in individual genera or species treatment are encouraged based on the latest rational revision of some families with advanced botanical research. While systematic arrangements of genera within a family or species within a genus are consistent with those in FRPS and FOC. Phylogenetically primitive groups should be placed before the advanced groups, and closely-related groups in phylogeny should be arranged together, or follow the latest monographic systematic research. In the compilation of each volume of the Ex situ Flora of China, taxonomic revisions have been encouraged to reflect advances of new information from the ex situ flora. To verify each accepted name and taxonomic status of living collections, besides database FRPS and FOC, additional references are also employed from the Chinese Field Herbarium (http://www.cfh.ac.cn/default.html), Tropicos (http://www.tropicos.org/) and The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/). Although the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (APG) has made many changes to the circumscription and placing of several families and consequently of many genera, the Ex situ Flora of China might not necessarily compromise its concept and principles in this early stage. APG III or higher version might need to be adopted in certain circumstances in the later stage (Huang et al., 2017).

3 Progresses and outputs 3.1

Checklist of ex situ cultivated plants in China

Since the Ex situ Flora of China is a long-term project, three-phase outputs of the project have been planned and implemented. The checklist of ex situ cultivated plants in China was the first phase output of the Ex situ Flora of China and was published in 2014 as a benchmark species list of the project (Huang et al., 2017).

54

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

The checklist mostly reflected the results of the inventory of garden cultivated species of living collections across Chinese botanical gardens. It listed 15,844 species (including 179 subspecies, 940 varieties, 74 forms) belonging to 314 families and 3182 genera. Pteridophyte plants based on Qin’s system (Ching, 1978) consist of 59 families, 167 genera, 835 species (including 26 subspecies, one variety and five forms). Gymnosperms based on Cheng’s system (Cheng et al., 1975) comprise a total of 12 families, 54 genera and 299 species (including 29 subspecies and 1 form). Angiosperm plants according to Engler system (Diels, 1936) include a total of 243 families, 2972 genera and 14,710 species (including 180 subspecies, 877 varieties and 67 forms) (Huang et al., 2017). Although tremendous efforts have been invested in the checklist for taxonomic accuracy of taxa with both software screening and experts manual checking, some inaccuracy and mistakes were still unavoidable due to some ex situ data coming from historic handwritten records and the insufficient data maintenance of different gardens, as well as conflicts between ex situ records and changes from recent revision and treatments of many taxa. Thus, there are remaining 2000–3000 species not included in the checklist because of controversy of taxonomic treatments, or not yet explicitly described but tentatively designated as questionable species, etc. With the compilation of each family or genera volumes in progress, those uncertain species will be resolved in the future. Completion of the checklist of ex situ cultivated plants of China is the beginning of Ex situ Flora of China and the checklist is key to opening the floral world of the country (Zhang, 2015; Huang et al., 2017).

3.2

Encyclopedia of Chinese garden flora

The second phase of the three planned outputs of the Ex situ Flora of China was implementing and completing the 13-volume Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora by 2017 (Table 12). The encyclopedia aimed to concisely format each species with brief text description and color photographs from living collections so as to illustrate the main features of each species. The contents mainly include the Chinese name, Latin name, the brief text of identification feature and an on-site photograph of the living plant. These 13 volumes of Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora are equivalently comparable to European Garden Flora in terms of contents, but with more living collection based feature descriptions and color photographs for each entry (Huang et al., 2017). However, in view of long history and original records of ex situ living collections, some entries are not synchronized with updated taxonomic revisions, so that the editorial strategy of the encyclopedia has been insisting on the principle of “respect historical facts and advance with the times”. Some taxa have reasonably been adjusted and combined according to updated revisions of systematics (Huang et al., 2017). The Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora comprises one volume for pteridophytes and gymnosperms (Volume 13), 12 volumes for angiosperms (volume 1–12), all arranged in alphabetical order by the Latin name of families. In each volume, each family is also arranged alphabetically by the Latin names of genera and species. For convenient access, all books are indexed by Chinese plant names and Latin names. A total of 16,226 species belonging to 311 families and 3168 genera are included in the encyclopedia (Table 12). Table 12 Volume

Families range

1 2

Volumes of encyclopedia Chinese garden Flora Amount

Year

Family

Genus

Species

Acanthaceae-Aquifolianceae

15

228

1,008

2015

Araceae-Basellaceae

8

238

1,177

2017

3

Begoniaceae-Cactaceae

16

183

1,187

2016

4

Callitrichaceae-Convolvulaceae

23

306

1,125

2017

5

Coriariaceae-Eucommiaceae

30

166

1,103

2017

6

Euphorbiaceae-Gramineae

9

327

1,546

2015

III

Ex situ Flora of China

55

continued Volume

Amount

Families range

Family

Genus

Species

Year

7

Guttiferae-Leguminosae

21

338

1,458

2017

8

Lemnaceae-Myoporaceae

22

230

1,293

2017

9

Myricaceae-Phytolaccaceae

26

249

1,232

2017

10

Piperaceae-Rosaceae

22

163

1,346

2017

11

Rubiaceae-Symplocaceae

26

314

1,180

2015

12

Taccaceae-Zygophyllaceae

22

197

1,280

2017

13

Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms

71

229

1,291

2016

Total

311

3,168

16,226

Data source: Huang et al., 2017

3.3

Ex situ Flora of China

The third phase of the three planned outputs of the Ex situ Flora of China is the core component of the project. So far, two family volumes have been published, Magnoliaceae with 11 genera and 147 species (including one subspecies, seven varieties and three hybrids); and Myrsinaceae with six genera and 90 species (including one variety). These two out of approximately 80 volumes in the next 15–20 years or even longer time frame have been considered pioneer volumes and trials of compilation formats (Huang et al., 2017). In the editorial process of the first trial volume of Magnoliaceae, particularly, many lessons have been learned that will lead to better understandings of status and facing problems of ex situ flora and garden living collections so that implementations of other volumes of the Ex situ Flora of China can be better organized in the future. The following difficulties and data bottlenecks were confronted: 1) Incomplete or missing introduction records and passport data 2) Undocumented or imprecise geographical provenances 3) Data management not standardized 4) Inadequate taxonomic information and species identification 5) Lack of continuity of phenology observation and incomplete phenological data 6) Lack details of the description of plant growth and development data To address these problems, measures have been taken to improve quality control of the data, so that details of compilation and editorial guidance are well formulated at the beginning stage of each family volume when the editorial committee and compilation research group are organized, because each family volume will take about 3–5 years or even longer. Currently, 30–40 family volumes are organized and compilation research groups have been established (Huang et al., 2017).

4 Editorial aspects in future The Ex situ Flora of China is a multi-decade project. Although project initiation and progress in the early phase were very promising and have attracted much interest from both the botanical field and botanical gardens communities as well as the public, the project is still facing many challenges. First, it will be a challenge to standardize and assemble data from different taxa, ranging from ferns to timber trees, and different gardens localities, ranging from tropics to frigid, though the detailed guidance has been given and many discussion meetings have been convened. Further gap analyses and precise formatting are needed so that more specific editing guidelines could be established for each family of different groups, and all scientific and technical terminology could be precisely defined. For example, many medicinal plants

56

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

have special features linked with functional medicinal parts, thus morphological data needs to be modified to benefit end users. Other examples include the morphological details of both male and female flowers are needed for dioecious species; parasitic, submerged aquatic, tuberous plants and many others (Huang et al., 2017). Second, as phenological data were collected to facilitate climate change research and monitor climate changes over decades or centuries within botanical gardens settings, the standardized protocols for a wide range of botanical gardens in different latitudes, longitude and elevations for data collection are crucial for the efficiency of monitoring and data quality. Besides many criteria of data standardization that can be adopted from International Phenology Gardens (IPG) project, there are still many challenges to data collection from botanical gardens located in different latitudes in China. For example, the flowering of different provenance of the same species can be various as long as 10 days. Some different genotypes of the same species can even have different flowering periods of up to two weeks. Apparently, standardized genotype or provenance with correction of statistic standard error is important criteria and good practice for phenology data (Huang et al., 2017). Third, coordination between botanical gardens is one of the organizational bottlenecks. Since data assembly and the editing of each family volume are organized by different botanical gardens in different localities and latitudes, a well-formulated working system is critical for a group of botanists, experts and gardeners from different gardens to share information and build up a favorable working atmosphere for the success of each volume. So far even after trials of the first two volumes, there are still many coordination issues to be solved and the headquarter office of the Flora Editorial Committee also needs to be improved in terms of management capacity to enhance coordination across different gardens. For example, during the data assembly and editing process, many problems such as the morphological or phenological variation of individuals of the same species arise, so that a well-functioning working group is essential (Huang et al., 2017). Fourth, taxonomic conflicts between Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China must be addressed. At the very beginning of the project, the standard that each entry must have a correct plant name (Latin name and widely accepted Chinese name) formulated. However, there are many name differences between Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and the later updated English version Flora of China. Additional research is definitely needed in these situations although taxonomic research has not been prioritized in the Ex situ Flora of China project, because the editorial committee decided to prioritize ex situ inventory and data collection that are distinctive from the traditional Flora based on herbarium specimens. Therefore, little attention was given to traditional Flora details such as accepted name + literature cited, basionym + literature cited, synonym + year, type specimens. This is true when many botanical garden staff involving the Ex situ Flora of China highlighted plant characteristics of ex situ collection without strong expertise in detailed taxonomic research. In case of conflicts raised between the names of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and those of Flora of China, taxonomic research must be carried out without any choice. Coordinating taxonomic research between experts of living collections and taxonomists of herbaria is obviously a great challenge (Huang et al., 2017). Since the project was initiated in 2012, significant progress has been made, many difficulties experienced, and lessons learnt. The Ex situ Flora of China is the first integrative ex situ Flora and will greatly benefit global ex situ conservation and provide basic and mega information services to agriculture, forestry, horticulture and medicinal industries in the future (Huang et al., 2017).

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora includes 243 families, 2933 genera and 14,955 species in angiosperms. A total of 10,241 species accounting for 31% of 32,813 known angiosperm species are documented in Flora of China, and 4714 are introduced from other parts of the world. Of 262 families documented in Flora of China, 243 families are presented in ex situ garden flora of China, accounting for 93% of the total. However, 19 families were not presented in the ex situ garden flora, including Biebersteiniaceae, Carlemanniaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Circaeasteraceae, Corsiaceae, Cymodoceaceae, Cynomoriaceae, Flagellariaceae, Frankeniaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Pandaceae, Posidoniaceae, Resedaceae, Restionaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Surianaceae, Triuridaceae and Zosteraceae. Although many of them are either parasitic/saprophytic or very endemically niche habitat or very suitable to garden cultivation or not particular interests to botanical gardens, such 7% of angiosperms families native to China which are not included in ex situ cultivation still reflect lag progresses of ex situ conservation integrity. A total of 2257 genera are included in ex situ garden flora of China, accounting for 73% of the total genera documented in Flora of China, 853 genera, i.e., 27% of the total are missing from the garden cultivation, suggesting more efforts needed to address national ex situ conservation need in China. Of 2257 genera in ex situ cultivation, 1265 genera are oligopytic genera (1–5 species occur in China), belonging to 192 families, of which 611 are monotypic genera (only one species occurs in China), belonging to 150 families. In terms of conservation of threatened and endangered plants, one out of 27 species in category extinct (EX) has been saved in botanical garden ex situ conservation, while three out nine species in category extinct in the wild (EW) have been brought into garden cultivation, and two out of 10 in category regional extinct (RE) are included in the gardens. A total of 1141 endangered or threatened species are included in the garden flora of China, accounting for 34% of 3372 plants listed in “Red list of China’s biodiversity-high plants’ volume (2013, http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201309/W020130912562095920726.pdf). Of 515 plants critically endangered (CR) in the red list, 149 have been conserved in the botanical gardens, accounted for 29% of the total. Meanwhile, 409 endangered (EN) and 583 vulnerable (VU) species conserved in the gardens account for 35% (409/1157) and 34% (583/1700) of the totals in the red list, respectively.

1. Acanthaceae 爵床科 Shrubs, subshrubs, herbs, or vines or small trees. Stem nodes are often enlarged or swollen. Leaves opposite, without stipules. Inflorescences terminal or axillary spikes, racemes, panicles, or dense clusters, rarely of solitary flowers; flowers bisexual, symmetrical left and right, with a bract or bracts, corolla 2-lipped or 5-lobed and more. Stamens 2 or 4. Ovary superior, with 2 carpels, 2 locules, axillary hypocotyls, one or more ovules per locule. Fruit a loculicidal, stipitate or not, 2-valved, capsule, ejected explosively when dehiscent, 2-to many seeded. Seeds usually borne on hooklike retinacula (attached to septa of capsule). Some 220 genera and ca. 4000 species widely

Aphelandra sinclairiana Nees 珊瑚塔

58

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

spread over tropical and subtropical, a few species in temperate regions. About 73 genera and 311 species found in China. The horticultural important genera include: Acanthus, Aphelandra, Barleria, Crossandra, Eranthemum, Fittonia, Justicia, Odontonema, Pachystachys, Ruellia, Sanchezia, Thunbergia, etc. widely cultivated as ornamentals. A total of 159 species, one subspecies and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 10 botanical gardens. A number of 33% (102/311) species and 52% (38/73) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-1

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Acanthaceae

continued

Acanthaceae 爵床科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume* 1

Acanthus 老鼠簕属 A. ilicifolius L.

老鼠簕

1

A. leucostachyus Wall. ex Nees

刺苞老鼠簕

1

A. mollis L.

蛤蟆花

1

A. montanus (Nees) T. Anderson

八角筋

1

A. spinosus L.

刺老鼠簕

1 1

Andrographis 穿心莲属 A. laxiflora (Blume) Lindau

疏花穿心莲

1

A. laxiflora var. glomeruliflora (Bremek.) H. Chu

腺毛疏花穿心莲

1

A. paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees

穿心莲

1 1

Aphelandra 单药花属 A. sinclairiana Nees

珊瑚塔

1

A. squarrosa Nees

单药花

1 1

Asystasia 十万错属 A. gangetica (L.) T. Anders.

宽叶十万错

1

A. gangetica ssp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu

小花宽叶十万错

1

A. salicifolia Craib

囊管花

1 1

Asystasiella 白接骨属 A. neesiana (Wall.) Lindau

白接骨

1 1

Barleria 假杜鹃属 B. cristata L.

假杜鹃

1

B. lupulina Lindl.

花叶假杜鹃

1

B. prionitis L.

黄花假杜鹃

1 1

Chroesthes 色萼花属 C. lanceolata (T. Anderson) B. Hansen

色萼花

1

Clinacanthus 鳄嘴花属 C. nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau

鳄嘴花

Cosmianthemum 秋英爵床属

1 1

Codonacanthus 钟花草属 C. pauciflorus Nees

1

钟花草

1 1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Acanthaceae 爵床科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume*

C. viriduliflorum (C. Y. Wu et H. S. Lo) H. S. Lo

海南秋英爵床

1 1

Crossandra 十字爵床属 C. infundibuliformis Nees

鸟尾花

1

C. nilotica Oliv.

黄鸟尾花

1 1

Dicliptera 狗肝菜属 D. chinensis (L.) Juss.

狗肝菜

1

D. riparia Nees

河畔狗肝菜

1 1

Echinacanthus 恋岩花属 E. lofuensis (H. Lév.) J. R. I. Wood

黄花恋岩花

1

E. longipes H. S. Lo et D. Fang

长柄恋岩花

1 1

Eranthemum 喜花草属 E. austrosinense H. S. Lo

华南可爱花

1

E. pulchellum Andrews

喜花草

1 1

Fittonia 网纹草属 F. albivenis (Lindl. ex Veitch) Brummitt

网纹草

1

Graptophyllum 彩叶木属 G. pictum (L.) Griff.

1

彩叶木

1 1

Gymnostachyum 裸柱草属 G. kwangsiense H. S. Lo

广西裸柱草

1

G. sanguinolentum (Vahl) T. Anders.

裸柱草

1

G. subrosulatum H. S. Lo

矮裸柱草

1 1

Hemigraphis 半插花属 H. reptans (Forst.) T. Anders. ex Hemsl.

匍匐半插花

1 1

Hygrophila 水蓑衣属 H. balsamica Raf.

细叶水罗兰

1

H. corymbosa Lindau

伞花水蓑衣

1

H. difformis Blume

异叶水蓑衣

1

H. lacustris Nees

湖柳

1

H. megalantha Merr.

大花水蓑衣

1

H. pogonocalyx Hayata

大安水蓑衣

1

H. polysperma T. Anderson

小狮子草

1

H. ringens (L.) Steud.

水蓑衣

1 1

Hypoestes 枪刀药属 H. phyllostachya Baker

红点草

1

H. purpurea (L.) R. Br.

枪刀药

1

H. triflora Roem. et Schult.

三花枪刀药

1 1

Isoglossa 叉序草属 I. collina (T. Anders.) B. Hansen

叉序草

1

I. glabra (Hand.-Mazz.) B. Hansen

光叉序草

1

59

60

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Acanthaceae 爵床科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume* 1

Justicia 爵床属 J. acutangula H. S. Lo et D. Fang

棱茎爵床

1

J. adhatoda L.

鸭嘴花

1

J. austroguangxiensis H. S. Lo et D. Fang

桂南爵床

1

J. austrosinensis H. S. Lo et D. Fang

华南爵床

1

J. betonica L.

白苞爵床

1

J. brandegeana Wassh. et L. B. Sm.

虾衣花

1

J. brasiliana Roth

红唇花

1

J. cardiophylla D. Fang et H. S. Lo

心叶爵床

1

J. carnea (Lindl.) G. Nicholson

珊瑚花

1

J. championii T. Anderson

圆苞杜根藤

1

J. damingensis (H. S. Lo) H. S. Lo

大明爵床

1

J. diffusa C. B. Clarke

鼠尾红

1

J. gendarussa L. f.

小驳骨

1

J. glauca B. Heyne ex Wall.

粉绿萼小驳骨

1

J. kwangsiensis (H. S. Lo) H. S. Lo

广西爵床

1

J. latiflora Hemsl.

紫苞爵床

1

J. leptostachya Hemsl.

南岭爵床

1

J. panduriformis Benoist

琴叶爵床

1

J. patentiflora Hemsl.

野靛棵

1

J. procumbens L.

爵床

1

J. pseudospicata H. S. Lo et D. Fang

黄花爵床

1

J. quadrifaria T. Anderson

杜根藤

1

J. vagabunda R. Ben

针子草

1

J. ventricosa Wall. ex Hook. f.

黑叶小驳骨

1 1

Kudoacanthus 银脉爵床属 K. albonervosa Hosok.

银脉爵床

1 1

Lepidagathis 鳞花草属 L. formosensis C. B. Clarke ex Hayata

台湾鳞花草

1

L. incurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

鳞花草

1 1

Leptosiphonium 拟地皮消属 L. venustum (Hance) E. Hossain

拟地皮消

1

Megaskepasma 赤苞花属 M. erythrochlamys Lindau

赤苞花

瘤子草

Ophiorrhiziphyllon 蛇根叶属

1 1

Odontonema 鸡冠爵床属 O. callistachyum (Schltdl. et Cham.) Kuntze

1 1

Nelsonia 瘤子草属 N. canescens (Lam.) Spreng.

1

鸡冠爵床

1 1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Acanthaceae 爵床科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume*

O. macrobotryum Kurz

蛇根叶

1 1

Pachystachys 金苞花属 P. coccinea (Aubl.) Nees

红苞珊瑚花

1

P. lutea Nees

金苞花

1 1

Pararuellia 地皮消属 P. alata H. P. Tsui

节翅地皮消

1

P. delavayana (Baill.) E. Hossain

地皮消

1

P. glomerata Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen

球穗地皮消

1 1

Peristrophe 观音草属 P. bivalvis (L.) Merr.

观音草

1

P. fera C. B. Clarke

野山蓝

1

P. hyssopifolia (Burm.f.) Bremek.

金蔓草

1

P. japonica (Thunb.) Bremek.

九头狮子草

1

P. speciosa (Roxb.) Nees

美丽爵床

1 1

Phaulopsis 肾苞草属 P. dorsiflora (Retz.) Santapau

肾苞草

1 1

Phlogacanthus 火焰花属 P. curviflorus (Wall.) Nees

火焰花

1

P. pubinervius T. Anderson

毛脉火焰花

1

P. pyramidalis R. Ben.

金塔火焰花

1

P. vitellinus (Roxb.) T. Anders.

糙叶火焰花

1 1

Porphyrocoma 烟火花属 P. pohliana Lindau

巴西喷烟花

1 1

Pseuderanthemum 山壳骨属 P. carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin

拟美花

1

P. coudercii Benoist

狭叶钩粉草

1

P. graciliflorum (Nees) Ridl.

云南山壳骨

1

P. latifolium (Vahl) B. Hansen

山壳骨

1

P. laxiflorum (A. Gray) F. T. Hubb. ex L. H. Bailey

紫云杜鹃

1

P. polyanthum (C. B. Clarke) Merr.

多花山壳骨

1 1

Rhinacanthus 灵芝草属 R. nasutus (L.) Kurz

灵枝草

1 1

Ruellia 芦莉草属 R. brittoniana Leonard

蓝花草

1

R. chartacea (T. Anderson) Wassh.

火焰芦莉

1

R. elegans Poir.

红花芦莉

1

R. makoyana Closon

马可芦莉

1

R. repens L.

楠草

1

R. rosea (Nees) Hemsl.

玫瑰芦莉

1

61

62

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Acanthaceae 爵床科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume*

R. tuberosa L.

芦莉草

1 1

Rungia 孩儿草属 R. chinensis Benth.

中华孩儿草

1

R. pectinata (L.) Nees

孩儿草

1 1

Ruttya 兔耳爵床属 R. fruticosa Lindau

蜂鸟花

1

Sanchezia 黄脉爵床属 S. oblonga Ruiz et Pav.

1

金脉爵床

1 1

Staurogyne 叉柱花属 S. chapaensis Benoist

弯花叉柱花

1

S. concinnula (Hance) Kuntze

叉柱花

1

S. sesamoides (Hand.-Mazz.) B. L. Burtt

大花叉柱花

1 1

Strobilanthes 马蓝属 S. affinis (Griff.) Terao ex J. R. I. Wood et J. Bennett

肖笼鸡

1

S. alternata (Burm. f.) J. R. I. Wood

灰姑娘

1

S. anamitica Kuntze

海南黄

1

S. aprica (Hance) T. Anders.

山一笼鸡

1

S. atropurpurea Nees

翅柄马蓝

1

S. auriculata var. dyeriana (Masters) J. R. Wood

红背耳叶马蓝

1

S. austrosinensis Y. F. Deng et J. R. I. Wood

华南马蓝

1

S. biocullata Y. F. Deng et J. R. I. Wood

湖南马蓝

1

S. chinensis (Nees) J. R. I. Wood et Y. F. Deng

黄球花

1

S. cognata Benoist

奇瓣马蓝

1

S. compacta D. Fang et H. S. Lo

密苞紫云菜

1

S. cusia (Nees) Kuntze

板蓝

1

S. cystolithigera Lindau

串花马蓝

1

S. dalziellii (W. W. Sm.) R. Ben

曲枝假蓝

1

S. dimorphotricha Hance

球花马蓝

1

S. esquirolii H. Lév.

白头马蓝

1

S. flexicaulis Hayata

曲茎兰嵌马蓝

1

S. fluviatilis (C. B. Clarke ex W. W. Sm.) Moylan et Y. F. Deng

溪畔黄球花

1

S. glomerata (Nees) T. Anderson

美丽马蓝

1

S. hamiltoniana (Steud.) Bosser et Heine

叉花草

1

S. inflata T. Anderson

锡金马蓝

1

S. inflata var. aenobarba (W. W. Sm.) J. R. I. Wood et Y. F. Deng

铜毛马蓝

1

S. japonica (Thunb.) Miq.

日本马蓝

1

S. labordei H. Lév.

薄叶马蓝

1

S. longespicatus Hayata

长穗马蓝

1

S. longzhouensis H. S. Lo et D. Fang

龙州马蓝

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Acanthaceae 爵床科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume*

S. maculata T. Anderson

斑叶马蓝

1

S. penstemonoides (Nees) T. Anders.

圆苞马蓝

1

S. pseudocollina K. J. He et D. H Qin

阳朔马蓝

1

S. pteroclada R. Ben

廷苞马蓝

1

S. sarcorrhiza (C. Ling) C. Z. Cheng ex Y. F. Deng et N. H. Xia

菜头肾

1

S. tetrasperma (Champ. ex Benth.) Druce

四子马蓝

1

S. tomentosa (Nees) J. R. I. Wood

尖药花

1

S. tonkinensis Lindau

糯米香

1

S. triflorus Y. C. Tang

三花马蓝

1

S. yunnanensis Diels

云南马蓝

1 1

Thunbergia 山牵牛属 T. affinis S. Moore

灌状山牵牛

1

T. alata Bojer ex Sims

冀叶山牵牛

1

T. coccinea Wall.

红花山牵牛

1

T. erecta (Benth.) T. Anderson

直立山牵牛

1

T. fragrans Roxb.

碗花草

1

T. grandiflora (Rottl. ex Willd.) Roxb.

大花山牵牛

1

T. laurifolia Lindl.

桂叶山牵牛

1

T. lutea T. Anders.

羽脉山牵牛

1

T. mysorensis (Wight) T. Anderson

黄花老鸦嘴

1 1

Whitfieldia 茸烛木属 W. elongata (P. Beauv.) De Wild. et T. Durand

白蜡烛

*Volume number of Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

2. Aceraceae 槭树科 Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, without stipules, simple or palmately lobed. Inflorescence corymbose, spicate or cymose. Flowers small, green or yellow-green, purple or red, bisexual (functional dioecism), male and bisexual flowers in the same or different plants. Sepals 5 or 4, distinct or rarely connate below. Petals 5 or 4, distinct, imbricate arranged. Stamens 4–12, usually 8. Style 2 bifurcated but only connate at base, stigma often anatropous. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovary with 2 ovules per locule, only 1 locule sustained, erect or inverted. Fruit winged nutlet, often double samara; usually 1 seeded, without endosperm. Two genera, Acer and Dipteronia, ca. 131 species occur in the world. Acer is widespread in Northern temperate or certain subtropical and tropical regions.

Acer oliverianum 五裂槭

1

63

64

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Dipteronia is endemic to China. A total of ca. 131 species found in China. A total of 77 species, nine subspecies, 14 varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 43% (56/131) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-2

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Aceraceae

continued

Aceraceae 槭树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Acer 槭属

Volume 1

A. acutum W. P. Fang

锐角槭

1

A. amplum Rehder

阔叶槭

1

A. amplum ssp. catalpifolium (Rehder) Y. S. Chen

梓叶槭

1

A. amplum var. tientaiense (Schneid.) Rehd.

天台阔叶槭

1

A. buergerianum Miq.

三角枫

1

A. campestre L.

栓皮槭

1

A. capillipes Maxim. ex Miq.

细柄槭

1

A. cappadocicum Gled.

青皮槭

1

A. cappadocicum var. sinicum Rehd.

小叶青皮槭

1

A. cappadocicum var. tricadatum (Rehder ex Vietch.) Rehder

三尾青皮槭

1

A. caudatifolium Hayata

尖叶槭

1

A. caudatum var. multiserratum (Maxim.) Rehd.

多齿长尾槭

1

A. caudatum var. prattii Rehd.

川滇长尾槭

1

A. changhuaense (Fang et Fang. f.) Fang et P. L. Chiu

昌化槭

1

A. cissifolium (Siebold et Zucc.) K. Koch

蔹莓槭

1

A. cordatum Pax

紫果槭

1

A. coriaceifolium H. Lév.

樟叶槭

1

A. crassum Hu et W. C. Cheng

厚叶槭

1

A. crataegifolium Siebold et Zucc.

日本爪槭

1

A. davidii Franch.

青榨槭

1

A. davidii ssp. grosseri (Pax) P. C. de Jong

葛罗枫

1

A. duplicatoserratum var. chinense C. S. Chang

中华重齿枫

1

A. elegantulum W. P. Fang et P. L. Chiu

秀丽槭

1

A. erianthum Schwer.

毛花槭

1

A. fabri Hance

罗浮槭

1

A. fabri var. rubrocarpum Metc.

红果罗浮槭

1

A. fenzelianum Hand.-Mazz.

河口槭

1

A. flabellatum Rehd.

扇叶槭

1

A. flabellatum var. yunnanense (Rehd.) Fang

云南扇叶槭

1

A. forrestii Diels

丽江槭

1

A. fulvescens var. pentalobum W. P. Fang et Soong

五裂黄毛槭

1

A. griseum (Franch.) Pax

血皮槭

1

A. guizhouense Y. K. Li

贵州槭

1

A. henryi Pax

建始槭

1

A. japonicum Thunb.

羽扇槭

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Aceraceae 槭树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. komarovii Pojark.

小楷槭

1

A. laevigatum G. Nicholson

光叶槭

1

A. laevigatum var. salweenense (W. W. Smith) J. M. Cowan ex Fang

怒江光叶槭

1

A. laurinum Hasskarl

十蕊枫

1

A. lucidum Metc.

亮叶槭

1

A. lungshengense W. P. Fang et L. C. Hu

龙胜槭

1

A. mandshuricum Maxim.

东北槭

1

A. maximowiczianum Miq.

毛果槭

1

A. maximowiczii Pax

五尖槭

1

A. metcalfii Rehder

南岭槭

1

A. miaotaiense P. C. Tsoong

庙台槭

1

A. miyabei Maxim.

日本羊角槭

1

A. monspessulanum L.

三裂槭

1

A. negundo L.

梣叶槭

1

A. nigrum F. Michx.

黑槭

1

A. oblongum Wall. ex DC.

飞蛾槭

1

A. oliverianum Pax

五裂槭

1

A. opalus Mill.

意大利槭

1

A. opalus ssp. obtusatum (Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.) Gams

钝尖意大利槭

1

A. palmatum Thunb.

鸡爪槭

1

A. palmatum f. atropurpureum (van Houtte) Schwerim

红枫

1

A. palmatum var. dissectum (Thunb.) K. Koch

羽毛槭

1

A. paxii Franch.

金江槭

1

A. pentaphyllum Diels

五小叶槭

1

A. pictum ssp. macropterum (W. P. Fang) Ohashi

大翅色木槭

1

A. pictum ssp. mono (Maxim.) Ohashi

五角枫

1

A. platanoides L.

挪威槭

1

A. platanoides ssp. turkestanicum (Pax) P. C. de Jong

土耳其挪威槭

1

A. poliophyllum Fang et Wu

灰叶槭

1

A. pseudoplatanus L.

紫欧亚槭

1

A. pseudo-sieboldianum (Pax.) Kom.

紫花槭

1

A. pubinerve Rehd.

毛脉槭

1

A. robustum Pax

杈叶槭

1

A. rubrum L.

红花槭

1

A. rufinerve Sieb. et Zucc.

瓜皮槭

1

A. saccharum Marshall

糖槭

1

A. semenovii Regel et Herder

天山槭

1

A. serrulatum Hayata

台湾五裂槭

1

A. shirasawanum Koidz.

白泽槭

1

A. sieboldianum Miq.

塞波德槭

1

A. sinense Pax

中华槭

1

A. sino-oblongum Metcalf

海滨槭

1

A. sinopurpurascens W. C. Cheng

天目槭

1

65

66

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Aceraceae 槭树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. sterculiaceum ssp. franchetii (Pax) A. E. Murray

房县槭

1

A. sutchuenense Franch.

四川槭

1

A. sycopseoides Chun

角叶槭

1

A. tataricum L.

鞑靼槭

1

A. tataricum ssp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesmael

茶条槭

1

A. tegmentosum Maxim.

青楷槭

1

A. tenellum Pax

薄叶槭

1

A. tetramerum Pax

四蕊槭

1

A. tetramerum var. betulifolium (Maxim.) Rehd.

桦叶四蕊槭

1

A. tonkinense H. Lec.

广西槭

1

A. tonkinense ssp. liquidambarifolium (Hu et Cheng) Fang

枫叶槭

1

A. triflorum Kom.

三花槭

1

A. truncatum Bunge

元宝槭

1

A. tutcheri Duthie

岭南槭

1

A. ukurunduense Trautv. et Mey.

花楷槭

1

A. wangchii Fang

天峨槭

1

A. wardii W. W. Smith

滇藏槭

1

A. wilsonii Rehd.

三峡槭

1

A. wilsonii var. longicaudatum (W. P. Fang) W. P. Fang

长尾三峡槭

1

A. yangbiense Y. S. Chen et Q. E. Yang

漾濞槭

1

Dipteronia 金钱槭属

1

D. dyerana Henry

云南金钱槭

1

D. sinensis Oliv.

金钱槭

1

D. sinensis var. taipaiensis Fang et Fang f.

太白金钱槭

1

3. Actinidiaceae 猕猴桃科 Woody vines or shrubs, often hairy. Leaves simple, alternate, without stipules. Inflorescences axillary, cymose or racemose, or simplified to a solitary flower. Flowers morphologically bisexual but functional dioecious, actinomorphic. Sepals (or 3) 5, imbricate, petals 5 or more, imbricate. Stamens 10 to numerous, distinct or adnate to base of petals, hypogynous. Anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by apical pores or longitudinally. Ovary superior, multi-locular carpels mostly 3–5 or more, axile placentation, ovules anatropous, 10 or more per locule. Style distinct or connate, often persistent. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds numerous with fleshy pseudocarp, large embryos and abundant endosperm. A. chinensis var. deliciosa 美味猕猴桃 Three genera (one endemic) and 66 species (52 endemic) in China. Genus Actinidia is endemic to China, highly domesticated, commonly known as Chinese gooseberry or

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

67

kiwifruit, both Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis and var. deliciosa widely grown in worldwide orchard production as fruit crops. All three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. A total of 52 species and 12 varieties of the family cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens in China, accounted for 79% (52/66) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-3

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Actinidiaceae

continued

Actinidiaceae 猕猴桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. arguta (Siebold et Zuccarini) Planchon ex Miquel

软枣猕猴桃

1

A. callosa Lindley

硬齿猕猴桃

1

A. callosa var. discolor C. F. Liang

异色猕猴桃

1

A. callosa var. henryi Maximowicz

京梨猕猴桃

1

Actinidia 猕猴桃属

A. callosa var. strigillosa C. F. Liang

毛叶硬齿猕猴桃

1

A. chinensis Planchon

中华猕猴桃

1

A. chinensis var. deliciosa (A. Chevalier) A. Chevalier

美味猕猴桃

1

A. chinensis var. setosa H. L. Li

刺毛猕猴桃

1

A. chrysantha C. F. Liang

金花猕猴桃

1

A. cylindrica C. F. Liang

柱果猕猴桃

1

A. cylindrica var. reticulata C. F. Liang

网脉猕猴桃

1

A. eriantha Bentham

毛花猕猴桃

1

A. farinosa C. F. Liang

粉毛猕猴桃

1

A. fortunatii Finet et Gagnepain

条叶猕猴桃

1

A. fulvicoma Hance

黄毛猕猴桃

1

A. fulvicoma var. cinerascens (C. F. Liang) J. Q. Li et D. D. Soejarto

灰毛猕猴桃

1

A. fulvicoma var. hirsuta Finet et Gagnepain

糙毛猕猴桃

1

A. glaucocallosa C. Y. Wu

大花猕猴桃

1

A. hemsleyana Dunn

长叶猕猴桃

1

A. henryi Dunn

蒙自猕猴桃

1

A. holotricha Finet et Gagnepain

全毛猕猴桃

1

A. hubeiensis H. M. Sun et R. H. Huang

湖北猕猴桃

1

A. hypoleuca Nakai

白背叶猕猴桃

1

A. indochinensis Merrill

中越猕猴桃

1

A. indochinensis var. ovatifolia R. G. Li et L. Mo

卵圆叶猕猴桃

1

A. kolomikta (Ruprecht et Maximowicz) Maximowicz

狗枣猕猴桃

1

A. lanceolata Dunn

小叶猕猴桃

1

A. latifolia (Gardner et Champion) Merrill

阔叶猕猴桃

1

A. latifolia var. mollis (Dunn) Handel-Mazzetti

长绒猕猴桃

1

A. liangguangensis C. F. Liang

两广猕猴桃

1

A. lijiangensis C. F. Liang et Y. X. Lu

漓江猕猴桃

1

A. linguiensis R. G. Li et X. G. Wang

临桂猕猴桃

1

A. longicarpa R. G. Li et M. Y. Liang

长果猕猴桃

1

A. macrosperma C. F. Liang

大籽猕猴桃

1

A. macrosperma var. mumoides C. F. Liang

梅叶猕猴桃

1

A. melanandra Franchet

黑蕊猕猴桃

1

A. melliana Handel-Mazzetti

美丽猕猴桃

1

A. persicina R. G. Li and L. Mo

桃花猕猴桃

1

68

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Actinidiaceae 猕猴桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. pilosula (Finet et Gagnepain) Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz.

贡山猕猴桃

1

A. polygama (Siebold et Zuccarini) Maximowicz

葛枣猕猴桃

1

A. rongshuiensis R. G. Li et X. G. Wang

融水猕猴桃

1

A. rubricaulis Dunn

红茎猕猴桃

1

A. rubricaulis var. coriacea (Finet et Gagnepain) C. F. Liang

革叶猕猴桃

1

A. rudis Dunn

糙叶猕猴桃

1

A. rufa (Siebold et Zuccarini) Planchon ex Miquel

山梨猕猴桃

1

A. rufotricha var. glomerata C. F. Liang

密花猕猴桃

1

A. sabiifolia Dunn

清风藤猕猴桃

1

A. sorbifolia C. F. Liang

花楸猕猴桃

1

A. styracifolia C. F. Liang

安息香猕猴桃

1

A. tetramera Maximowicz

四萼猕猴桃

1

A. ulmifolia C. F. Liang

榆叶猕猴桃

1

A. umbelloides var. flabellifolia C. F. Liang

扇叶猕猴桃

1

A. valvata Dunn

对萼猕猴桃

1

A. venosa Rehder

显脉猕猴桃

1

A. vitifolia C. Y. Wu

葡萄叶猕猴桃

1

A. zhejiangensis C. F. Liang

浙江猕猴桃

1

猕猴桃藤山柳

1

S. cerea Griff. ex Dyer

蜡质水东哥

1

S. macrotricha Kurz ex Dyer

长毛水东哥

1

S. napaulensis DC.

尼泊尔水东哥

1

S. thyrsiflora C. F. Liang et Y. S. Wang

聚锥水东哥

1

S. tristyla

水东哥

1

S. yunnanensis

云南水东哥

1

Clematoclethra 藤山柳属 C. scandens (Franch.) Maxim. ssp. actinidioides (Maxim.) Y. C. Tang et Q. Y. Xiang Saurauia 水东哥属

4. Agavaceae 龙舌兰科 Usually perennial, succulent or fibrous leaved shrub or small arborescent; sexual monoecious or dioecious. Leaves are often aggregated at the top of the stem; blade linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, succulent or fibrous, thin and flexible, thick and rigid, leaves often glaucous, margins entire, serrulate, dentate, denticulate, apex rigid or flexible, often with short or long spine. Inflorescences terminal, racemose or paniculate, with large bracts. Flowers 6 to numerous, bisexual or functionally unisexual; perianth 2 similar petal-like whorls, semi-succulent. Tepals distinct or connate into tube short or long, lobes nearly equal or unequal. Stamens 6, on perianth tube or base of lobes; filaments free, anthers linear. Ovary superior or inferior,

Agave neglect 劲叶龙舌兰

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

69

3 locules, 1 or more ovules in each locule. Fruits are berries or capsules. About 17 or 18 genera and ca. 550 species worldwide distribution, mostly in arid, subtropical and tropical regions. Several genera in Agavaceae are economically important and have been used in folk medicine, and locally and commercially made products, such as the fibers been used for cordage, baskets, and hats, as well as food and drink for many indigenous peoples in the US. Some species are domesticated as commercial fiber and beverage crops in Latin America. A total of 68 species, one subspecies and nine varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 100% (8/8) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-4

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Agavaceae

continued

Agavaceae 龙舌兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Agave 龙舌兰属 A. americana L.

龙舌兰

1

A. americana var. marginata Trel.

金边龙舌兰

1

A. attenuata Salm-Dyck

狐尾龙舌兰

1

A. bovicornuta Gentry

牛角龙舌兰

1

A. dasylirioides Jacobi et Bouche

类锯齿龙龙舌兰

1

A. desmettiana Jacobi

礼美龙舌兰

1

A. filifera Salm-Dyck

丝叶龙舌兰

1

A. fourcroydes Lem.

灰叶剑麻

1

A. guiengola Gentry

翠玉龙缟斑

1

A. lophantha Schiede ex Kunth

单纹龙舌兰

1

A. lophantha var. poselgeri A. Berger

白次炉

1

A. macroacantha Zucc.

八荒殿

1

A. mitis Mart.

无刺龙舌兰

1

A. neglecta Small

劲叶龙舌兰

1

A. ornithobroma Gentry

带叶龙舌兰

1

A. parryi var. huachucensis (Baker) Little

吉祥天

1

A. parviflora Torr.

小花龙舌兰

1

A. potatorum Zucc.

吉祥冠

1

A. potatorum var. verschaffeltii (Lem.) A. Berger

雷神(变种)

1

A. pumila de Smet ex Baker

姬龙舌兰

1

A. salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck

大叶龙舌兰

1

A. salmiana var. ferox (K. Koch) Gentry

非洛克龙舌兰

1

A. schidigera Lem.

白丝龙舌兰

1

A. sisalana Perrine ex Engelm.

剑麻

1

A. striata Zucc.

吹上

1

A. striata ssp. falcata (Engelm.) Gentry

吹上(变种)

1

A. stricta Salm-Dyck

直叶龙舌兰

1

A. titanota Gentry

仁王冠

1

A. triangularis Jacobi

三角龙舌兰

1

A. utahensis var. eborispina (Hester) Breitung

曲刺妖炎

1

70

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Agavaceae 龙舌兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. victoriae-reginae T. Moore

鬼脚掌

1

A. vivipara L.

狭叶龙舌兰

1 1

Beaucarnea 酒瓶兰属 B. goldmanii Rose

戈德曼酒瓶兰

1

B. gracilis Lem.

纤细酒瓶兰

1

B. recurvata Lem.

酒瓶兰

1 1

Calibanus 砾丝兰属 C. hookeri (Lem.) Trel.

胡克酒瓶

1 1

Cordyline 朱蕉属 C. fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.

朱蕉

1

C. indivisa (G. Forst.) Endl.

蓝朱蕉

1

C. rubra Heugel ex Kunth

红铁树

1

C. stricta (Sims) Endl.

剑叶朱蕉

1 1

Dasylirion 猬丝兰属 D. longissimum Lem.

长叶猬丝兰

1

D. wheeleri S. Watson ex Rothr.

猬丝兰

1 1

Dracaena 龙血树属 D. angustifolia Roxb.

长花龙血树

1

D. arborea (Willd.) Link

也门铁

1

D. aubryana Brongn. ex E. Morren

长柄竹蕉

1

D. cambodiana Pierre et Gagnep.

海南龙血树

1

D. cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen

剑叶龙血树

1

D. deremensis Engl.

德利龙血树

1

D. draco (L.) L.

龙血树

1

D. elliptica Thunb. et Dalm.

细枝龙血树

1

D. fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl.

香龙血树

1

D. godseffiana Sander ex Mast.

星点龙血树

1

D. marginata Lam.

红边龙血树

1

D. reflexa Lam.

百合竹

1

D. sanderiana Sander

富贵竹

1

D. surculosa Lindl.

油点木

1

D. surculosa var. maculata Hook. f.

油滴木

1

D. terniflora Roxb.

矮龙血树

F. selloa K. Koch

塞洛万年麻

小花红丝兰

1 1

Manfreda 龙香玉属 M. maculosa (Hook.) Rose

1 1

Hesperaloe 草丝兰属 H. parviflora (Torr.) J. M. Coult

1 1

Furcraea 巨麻属

褐斑龙舌兰

1 1

Phormium 新西兰麻属 P. cookianum Le Jolis

新西兰麻

1

P. tenax J. R. Forst et G. Forst

毛利麻

1

Polianthes 晚香玉属

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

71

continued Agavaceae 龙舌兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. tuberosa L.

晚香玉

1 1

Sansevieria 虎尾兰属 S. canaliculata Prain

柱叶虎尾兰

1

S. cylindrica Bojer ex Hook.

棒叶虎尾兰

1

S. gracilis N. E. Br.

姬叶虎尾兰

1

S. grandis Hook. f.

东非虎尾兰

1

S. hyacinthoides (L.) Druce

大叶虎尾兰

1

S. masoniana Chahin.

梅森虎尾兰

1

S. stuckyi Dod.-Leb.

石笔

1

S. trifasciata Prain

虎尾兰

1

S. trifasciata var. laurentii (de Wild.) N. E. Br.

金边虎尾兰

1 1

Yucca 丝兰属 Y. aloifolia L.

千手丝兰

1

Y. baccata Torr.

香蕉丝兰

1

Y. elephantipes Regel

象腿丝兰

1

Y. filamentosa L.

柔软丝兰

1

Y. glauca Nutt.

小丝兰

1

Y. gloriosa L.

凤尾丝兰

1

Y. rostrata Engelm. ex Trel.

鸟喙丝兰

1

Y. smalliana Fern.

丝兰

1

Y. treculeana Carr.

特莱氏丝兰

1

5. Aizoaceae 番杏科 Usually succulent, herbs, subshrubs or shrubs. Stems erect or prostrate. Leaves mostly unifoliate, opposite, occasionally alternate or pseudoverticillate arranged; margin entire, rarely serrated. Inflorescences terminal or axillary cymes. Flowers bisexual, rarely heterozygous, actinomorphic. Tepals 5 or 4 (or >5), free but connate below into a tube. Sepals persistent, imbricated. Stamens 3–5 or numerous in multiple whorls; receptacle extended into bowls, often with nectar. Ovary superior or inferior, ovules numerous, rarely solitary, axile or lateral placenta. Fruit a capsule or occasionally nut-like achene. Seeds with elongated curved embryos, Lampranthus spectabilis 美丽日中花 often with aril. About 135 genera and ca. 1800 species in the world, mostly in arid, subtropical regions. Majority of the species occur in South Africa, Australia and Western Americas. A few species are distributed across pan-tropical regions. Three genera and Three species occur in China, represented in two subfamilies, Sesuvioideae and Tetragonioideae. Many species in subfamilies Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae are cultivated as ornamentals

72

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

worldwide A total of 94 species, one subspecies and nine varieties of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 67% (2/3) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-5

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Aizoaceae

continued

Aizoaceae 番杏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

1

Aloinopsis 锦辉玉属 A. schooneesii L. Bolus

唐扇 紫波 金玲 鹿角海棠 照波 富士之峰

1 1

Braunsia 碧玉莲属 B. apiculata (Kensit) L. Bolus

1 1

Bijlia 金丝玉属 B. cana (Haw.) N. E. Br.

1 1

Bergeranthus 照波花属 B. multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes

1 1

Astridia 鹿角海棠属 A. velu-tina Dinter

1 1

Argyroderma 银叶花属 A. delaetii C. A. Maass

1 1

Antimima 紫波玉属 A. leipoldtii (L. Bolus) H. E. K. Hartmann

Volume

青稚儿

1 1

Carpobrotus 海榕菜属 C. acinaciformis (L.) L. Bolus

短剑

1

C. edulis (L.) N. E. Br.

食用昼花

1

Carruanthus 菊波花属

1

C. peersii (L.) L. Bolus

朝波

1

C. ringens (L.) Boom

菊波

1 1

Cephalophyllum 旭峰花属 C. alstonii Marloth ex L. Bolus

旭峰

1

C. acuminata L. Bolus

大鉾

1

C. denticulata (Haw.) N. E. Br.

冰岭

1

C. derenbergiana Schwantes

吴羽

1

C. namaquensis (Sond.) H. E. K. Hartmann.

双剑

1

C. turbinata L. Bolus

虾钳花

1

1

Cheiridopsis 虾钳花属

1

Conophytum 肉锥花属 C. bilobum (Martloth) N. E. Br.

少将

1

C. bilobum ssp. altum (L. Bolus) S. A. Hammer

淡雪

1

C. burgeri L. Bolus

灯泡

1

C. freidrichiae (Dinter) Schwantes

风铃玉

1

C. gratum (N. E. Br.) N. E. Br.

雨月

1

C. longum N. E. Br.

白拍子

1

C. meyreri N. E. Br.

神铃

1

C. minimum (Haw.) N. E. Br.

清姬

1 1

Corpuscularia 丽人玉属 C. taylori (N. E. Br.) Schwantes

白绒玉

C. tugwelliae L. Bolus

1 1

Cylindrophyllum 胜矛玉属 秋鉾

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Aizoaceae 番杏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Delosperma 露子花属 D. cooperi (Hook. f.) L. Bolus

丽晃

1

D. echinatum (Lam.) Schwantes

刺叶露子花

1

D. napiforme (N. E. Br.) Schwantes

露子花

1

D. pruinosum (Thunb.) J. W. Ingram

雷童

1

D. tradescantioides (P. J. Bergius) L. Bolus

露子花属

1 1

Drosanthemum 弥生花属 D. micans (L.) Schwantes

花嬉遊

1

D. tuberculiferum L. Bolus

泡叶菊

1 1

Ebracteola 青须玉属 E. montis-moltkei (Dinter) Dinter et Schwantes

青晃

1 1

Faucaria 肉黄菊属 F. bosscheana (A. Berger) Schwantes

白波

1

F. felina (L.) Schwantes

逆波

1

F. gratiae L. Bolus

群波

1

F. tigrina (Haw.) Schwantes

四海波

1

F. tuberculosa (Rolfe) Schwantes

荒波

1 1

Fenestraria 窗玉属 F. aurantiaca N. E. Br.

五十铃玉

1

F. rhopalohylla (Schltdl. et Diels) N. E. Br.

群玉

1 1

Gibbaeum 藻玲玉属 G. angulipes (L. Bolus) N. E. Br.

棱角驼峰花

1

G. cryptopodium (Kensit) L. Bolus

无比玉

1

G. velutinum (L. Bolus) Schwantes

大鲛

1

G. herniarioides (Gagnep.) Tardieu

滇南星粟草

1

G. lotoides L.

星粟草

1

1

Glinus 星粟草属

1

Glottiphyllum 舌叶花属 G. depressum (Haw.) N. E. Br.

矮宝绿

1

G. linguiforme (L.) N. E. Br.

佛手掌

1

G. longum (Haw.) N. E. Br.

宝绿

1

G. nelii Schwant.

早乙女

1

G. regium N. E. Br.

凤翼

1 1

Hereroa 龙骨角属 H. carinans L. Bolus

真龙骨角

1

H. glenensis (N. E. Br.) L. Bolus

格伦龙骨角

1 1

Lampranthus 日中花属 L. conspicuus N. E. Br.

显花松叶菊

1

L. spectabilis (Haw.) N. E. Br.

美丽日中花

1 1

Lapidaria 魔玉属 L. margaretae (Schwantes) Dinter et Schwantes

魔玉

1 1

Lithops 生石花属 L. aucampiae L. Bolus

日轮玉

1

L. aucampiae var. koelemanii Cole

赤阳玉

1

L. bromfieldii L. Bolus

柘榴玉

1

L. bromfieldii var. insularis Fearn

鸣玄玉

1

L. bromfieldii var. mennellii Fearn

雀卵玉

1

L. dinteri Schwantes

神笛玉

1

73

74

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Aizoaceae 番杏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. dorotheae Nel

丽虹玉

1

L. fulviceps N. E. Br.

微纹玉

1

L. gesinae de Boer

源氏玉

1

L. hallii de Boer

巴里玉

1

L. julii N. E. Br.

寿丽玉

1

L. karasmontana N. E. Br.

花纹玉

1

L. lesliei (N. E. Br.) N. E. Br.

紫勋

1

L. lesliei var. venteri de Boer et Boom

弁天玉

1

L. marmorata N. E. Br.

茧形玉

1

L. olivacea L. Bolus

橄榄玉

1

L. pseudotruncatella var. archerae Cole

绿曲玉

1

L. pseudotruncatella var. dentritica de Boer et Boom

瑞光玉

1

L. pseudotruncatella var. elisabethiae de Boer et Boom

玛瑙玉

1

L. pseudotruncatella var. volkii de Boer et Boom

宝贵玉

1

L. pseudotruncatella N. E. Br.

曲玉

1

L. salicola L. Bolus

李夫人

1

L. schwantesii Dinter

招福玉

1

L. schwantesii var. marthae Cole

绚烂玉

1 1

Marlothistella 蛇矛玉属 M. stenophylla (L. Bolus) S. A. Hammer

美杜莎

1 1

Mesembryanthemum 日中花属 M. cordifolium L. f.

露花

1

M. edule L.

食用日中花

1 1

Nananthus 平原玉属 N. transvaalensis L. Bolus

旭波

1

姬天女

1

1

Neohenricia 天姬玉属 N. sibbettii (L. Bolus) L. Bolus

1

Oscularia 光琳菊属 O. comptonii (L. Bolus) H. E. K. Hartmann

琴爪菊

1

O. deltoides (L.) Schwantes

光琳菊

1

O. peduncnlata Schwantes

白凤菊

1 1

Pleiospilos 对叶花属 P. compactus Schwantes

密凤卵

1

P. nelii Schwantes

帝玉

1

P. simulans N. E. Br.

青鸾

1 1

Rhombophyllum 菱叶草属 R. dolabriforme Schwantes

菱叶草

1

R. neelii Schwantes

快刀乱麻

1 1

Ruschia 舟叶花属 R. perfoliata Schwantes

讴春玉

1

海马齿

1

1

Sesuvium 海马齿属 S. portulacastrum (L.) L.

1

Tetragonia 番杏属 T. tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze

番杏

T. calcarea (Marloth) Schwantes

天女

1 1

Trichodiadema 仙宝木属 T. barbatum Schwantes

1 1

Titanopsis 天女玉属

稀宝

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

75

continued Aizoaceae 番杏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. bulbosum Schwantes

姬红小松

1

T. densum Schwantes

紫星光

1

T. mirabile Schwantes

人宝

1

T. setuliferum Schwantes

1

6. Alangiaceae 八角枫科 Deciduous trees or shrubs, usually spiny shape, branches cylindrical and sometimes slightly bended. Leave unifoliate, alternate, petiolate, without stipules; blade entire or palmate. Inflorescence axillary, cyme, rarely umbellate or solitary. Flowers bisexual, pale white or yellowish, often fragrant. Petals 4–10, linear. Stamens 2–4 times as many as the number of petals or equal. Filaments slightly flat, linear. Ovary inferior, 1 (–2) locule, ovule solitary, longitudinal split; flower disc fleshy. Fruit a drupe, elliptic, ovate or subglobose, apex with persistent calyx and discs. Seed 1 with copious endosperm. Alangium chinense 八角枫 One genus and ca. 21 species, usually in tropical and subtropical regions from Africa to Australia. About 19 species found in China. A total of seven species, one subspecies and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 10 botanical gardens. A number of 42% (8/19) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-6

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Alangiaceae

Alangiaceae 八角枫科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. alpinum (C. B. Clarke) W. W. Smith et Cav.

高山八角枫

1

A. barbatum (R. Br. ex C. B. Clarke) Baill. ex Kuntze

髯毛八角枫

1

1

Alangium 八角枫属

A. chinense (Lour.) Harms

八角枫

1

A. chinense ssp. strigosum Fang

伏毛八角枫

1

A. faberi Oliv.

小花八角枫

1

A. faberi var. heterophyllum Yang

异叶八角枫

1

A. kurzii Craib

毛八角枫

1

A. kurzii var. handelii (Schnarf) W. P. Fang

云山八角枫

1

A. kurzii var. pachyphyllum W. P. Fang et H. Y. Su

厚叶八角枫

1

A. platanifolium (Siebold et Zucc.) Harms

瓜木

1

A. salviifolium (L. f.) Wangerin

土坛树

1

76

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

7. Alismataceae 泽泻科 Perennial marsh or aquatic herbs, rare annual; rhizome, stolon, corm or bulb. Leaves basal, linear or lanceolate, erect, floating or submerged, blade entire, veins parallel. Petioles variable in length, basal sheathed. Inflorescences racemose, conical or conical cymes. Flowers bisexual, unisexual or polygamous, actinomorphic; Petals 6, arranged in 2 whorls, imbricate. Stamens 6 or more. Anthers 2 celled, carpels numerous, whorled, segregated. Style persistent; ovules often 1 at the base of ovary. Fruit a cluster of achenes flattened on both sides. Seed curved with horseshoe-shaped embryo, without endosperm. About 13 genera and ca. 100 species worldwide Echinodorus grisebachii 皇冠草 distribution, rich diversity in temperate and tropical regions of the North Hemisphere. Four genera (one introduced) and 17 species found in China. A total of 28 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 82% (14/17) species and all four genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-7

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Alismataceae

continued

Alismataceae 泽泻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Alisma 泽泻属 A. canaliculatum A. Braun et Bouché

窄叶泽泻

1

A. gramineum Lej.

草泽泻

1

A. lanceolatum Wither.

膜果泽泻

1

A. nanum D. F.Cui

小泽泻

1

A. orientale (Samuel.) Juz.

东方泽泻

1

A. plantago-aquatica L.

泽泻

1 1

Caldesia 泽苔草属 C. grandis Samuel.

宽叶泽苔草

1

C. parnassifolia (Bassi ex L.) Parl.

泽苔草

1 1

Echinodorus 肋果慈姑属 E. berteroi (Spreng.) Fasset

花皇冠

1

E. cordifolius (L.) Griseb.

女王草

1

E. grandiflorus (Cham. et Schltdl.) Micheli

大花皇冠

1

E. grisebachii Small

皇冠草

1

E. longiscapus Arechav.

心皇冠

1

E. macrophyllus (Kunth.) Michell

大叶皇冠草

1

E. major (Micheli) Rataj

红九杆皇冠

1

E. palifolius (Nees et Mart.) J. F. Macbr.

圆端皇冠

1

E. subalatus (Mart. ex Schult. f.) Griseb.

长叶皇冠

1

E. uruguayensis Arechav.

长叶九冠

1

Helanthium 匍茎慈姑属

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Alismataceae 泽泻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. bolivianum (Rusby) Lehtonen et Myllys

狭叶皇冠

1 1

Ranalisma 毛茛泽泻属 R. rostrata Stapf

长喙毛茛泽泻

1 1

Sagittaria 慈姑属 S. guayanensis ssp. lappula (D. Don) Bogin

冠果草

1

S. lancifolia L.

泽泻慈姑

1

S. lichuanensis J. K. Chen S. C. Sun et H. Q. Wang

利川慈姑

1

S. montevidensis Cham. et Schltdl.

大慈姑

1

S. natans Pall.

浮叶慈姑

1

S. potamogetifolia Merr.

小慈姑

1

S. pygmaea Miq.

矮慈姑

1

S. tengtsungensis H. Li

腾冲慈姑

1

S. trifolia L.

野慈姑

1

S. trifolia ssp. leucopetala (Miq.) Q. F. Wang

华夏慈姑

1

8. Amaranthaceae 苋科 Annual or perennial herbs, few climbing vines or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, blade entire without stipules. Flowers small, solitary or aggregated in spike-like inflorescence, cyme, raceme or panicle. Bract 1, bracteoles 2, scarious or membranous. Tepals 3–5, imbricate. Stamens as many as tepals and opposite. Filaments free or basal connate. Anthers 2 or 1 loculed. Ovary superior, 1 loculed, basal placenta, ovules 1 or many. Style persistent, stigma capitate, 2–3 lobed. Fruits utricle or capsule, and few berries. Seeds 1 or many. About 70 genera and 900 species worldwide distribution. About 13 genera and 50 species found in China. A total of 29 species, one variety and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 44% (22/50) species and 69% (9/13) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-8

Celosia cristata 鸡冠花

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Amaranthaceae

continued

Amaranthaceae 苋科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

1

Achyranthes 牛膝属 A. aspera L.

Volume

土牛膝

1

77

78

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Amaranthaceae 苋科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. aspera var. indica L.

钝叶土牛膝

1

A. bidentata Blume

牛膝

1

A. bidentata f. rubra Ho

红叶牛膝

1

A. longifolia (Makino) Makino

柳叶牛膝

1

A. longifolia f. rubra Ho

红柳叶牛膝

1 1

Aerva 白花苋属 A. sanguinolenta (L.) Blume

白花苋

1 1

Alternanthera 莲子草属 A. bettzickiana (Regel) Nichols

锦绣苋

1

A. brasiliana (L.) Kuntze

巴西莲子草

1

A. costaricensis Kuntze

大叶牛膝

1

A. ficoidea (L.) Sm.

五色苋

1

A. paronychioides A. St.-Hil.

华莲子草

1

A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.

喜旱莲子草(空心莲子草)

1

A. pulchella Kunth

红绿草

1

A. sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC.

莲子草

1 1

Amaranthus 苋属 A. albus L.

白苋

1

A. blitum L.

凹头苋

1

A. caudatus L.

尾穗苋

1

A. mangostanus L.

白苋菜

1

A. paniculatus L.

繁穗苋

1

A. roxburghianus Kung

腋花苋

1

A. spinosus L.

刺苋

1

A. tricolor L.

银边苋

1

A. viridis L.

皱果苋

1 1

Celosia 青葙属 C. argentea L.

青葙

1

C. cristata L.

鸡冠花

1 1

Cladostachys 浆果苋属 C. frutescens D. Don

苋菜藤

1 1

Cyathula 杯苋属 C. officinalis Kuan

川牛膝

1

C. prostrata (L.) Blume

杯苋

1 1

Gomphrena 千日红属 G. globosa L.

千日红

1 1

Iresine 血苋属 I. herbstii Hook.

血苋

1

I. lindenii van Houtte

尖叶红叶苋

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

9. Amaryllidaceae 石蒜科 Perennial herbs, with bulbs, rhizomes or tubers. Leaves mostly basal or cauline, margin entire or serrated spiny. Flowers solitary or arranged into inflorescence of umbels, racemes, spikes, panicles, often with flame-like bracts, 1 to several bracts. Flowers bisexual, actionomorphic or zygomorphic; perianth segments 6, arranged in 2 whorls. Stamens often 6, arising from perianth tube throat or basal. Anthers dorsifixed or basifixed. Ovary inferior, 3-locule, axile placenta, a few or many ovules per locule. Stigma capitate or 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule mostly loculicidal or irregularly dehiscence, and rarely a berry. >100 genera and 1200 species widespread in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. About 17 genera and 34 species found in China. A total of 52 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 74% (25/34) species and 71% (12/17) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Table IV-9

Zephyranthes rosea 玫瑰葱莲

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Amaryllidaceae

continued

Amaryllidaceae 石蒜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. belladonna L.

Volume 1

Amaryllis 孤挺花属 孤挺花

1 1

Clivia 君子兰属 C. gardenii Hook.

狭叶君子兰

1

C. miniata (Lindl.) Bosse

君子兰

1

C. nobilis Lindl.

垂笑君子兰

1 1

Crinum 文殊兰属 C. amabile Donn

红花文殊兰

1

C. asiaticum L.

亚洲文殊兰

1

C. calamistratum Bogner et Heine

小喷泉

1

C. latifolium L.

西南文殊兰

1

C. moorei Hook. f.

香殊兰

1 1

Curculigo 仙茅属 C. breviscapa S. C. Chen

短葶仙茅

1

C. capitulata (Lour.) O. Kuntze

大叶仙茅

1

C. crassifolia (Baker) Hook. f.

绒叶仙茅

1

C. glabrescens (Ridl.) Merr.

光叶仙茅

1

C. gracilis (Wall. ex Kurz) Hook. f.

疏花仙茅

1

C. orchioides Gaertn.

仙茅

1

C. sinensis S. C. Chen

中华仙茅

1

Cyrtanthus 曲管花属

1

79

80

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Amaryllidaceae 石蒜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. mackenii var. cooperi (Baker) R. A. Dyer

粉垂筒花

1 1

Eucharis 南美水仙属 E. amazonica Linden ex Planch.

南美水仙

H. robustus Herb. ex Sweet

1 1

Habranthus 美花莲属 壮石蒜

1 1

Haemanthus 网球花属 H. albiflos Jacq.

虎耳兰

1

H. multiflorus Martyn

网球花

1 1

Hippeastrum 朱顶红属 H. leopoldii T. Moore

蕾宝华胄

1

H. reticulatum (L’Hér.) Herb.

白肋朱顶红

1

H. rutilum (Ker-Gawl.) Herb.

朱顶红

1

H. vittatum (L’Hér.) Herb.

花朱顶红

1 1

Hymenocallis 水鬼蕉属 H. littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb.

水鬼蕉

H. aurea Lour.

1 1

Hypoxis 小金梅草属 小金梅草

1

H. hemerocallidea Fisch., C. A. Mey. et Avé-Lall.

1

Leucojum 雪片莲属

1

L. aestivum L.

夏雪片莲

L. albiflora Koidz.

1 1

Lycoris 石蒜属 乳白石蒜

1

L. anhuiensis Y. Hsu et Q. J. Fan

安徽石蒜

1

L. aurea (L’Hér.) Herb.

忽地笑

1

L. caldwellii Traub

短蕊石蒜

1

L. chinensis Traub

中国石蒜

1

L. guangxiensis Y. Hsu et Q. J. Fan

广西石蒜

1

L. haywardii Traub

红蓝石蒜

1

L. houdyshelii Traub

江苏石蒜

1

L. incarnata Comes ex Sprenger

香石蒜

1

L. longituba Y. Hsu et G. J. Fan

长筒石蒜

1

L. longituba var. flava Y. Hsu et X. L. Huang

黄长筒石蒜

1

L. radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

石蒜

1

L. sanguinea Maxim.

血红石蒜

1

L. shaanxiensis Y. Hsu et Z. B. Hu

陕西石蒜

1

L. sprengeri Comes ex Baker

换锦花

1

L. squamigera Maxim.

鹿葱

1

L. straminea Lindl.

稻草石蒜

1 1

Narcissus 水仙属 N. pseudonarcissus L.

黄水仙

1

N. tazetta L.

欧洲水仙

1

N. tazetta var. chinensis Roem.

水仙

1 1

Pancratium 全能花属 P. biflorum Roxb.

全能花

1

Tulbaghia 紫娇花属 T. violacea Harv. Zephyranthes 葱莲属

1

紫娇花

1 1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Amaryllidaceae 石蒜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Z. candida (Lindl.) Herb.

葱莲

1

Z. citrina Baker.

黄风雨花

1

Z. grandiflora Lindl.

韭莲

1

Z. rosea Lindl.

玫瑰葱莲

1

10. Anacardiaceae 漆树科 Trees or shrubs, rarely woody vines or herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. Inflorescences terminal or axillary panicles. Flowers small, actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx connate, 3–5-lobed, sometimes with bud-like tearing or cap-like shedding. Petals 3–5. Stamens 1 or 2 whorls at the base or edge of the outer disc. Filament linear or lanceolate; disc annular, altar or cup-shaped, entire or 5–10-lobed or petiole-shaped protuberances. Ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior or inferior, 3–5 often 1 locule. Fruits mostly drupes with 1 seed per locule. About 77 genera and 600 species are widespread in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions, rich diversity occurs in the Malaysian region. Sixteen genera and 72 species found in China. A total of 52 species, seven varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 58% (42/72) species and all 16 genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-10

Spondias lakonensis 岭南酸枣

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Anacardiaceae

continued

Anacardiaceae 漆树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

1

Anacardium 腰果属 A. occidentale L.

Volume

腰果

1 1

Astronium 斑纹漆属 A. balansae Engl.

巴氏斑纹漆木

1

A. fraxinifolium Schott

南美红漆木

1

A. urundeuva Engl.

乌隆斑纹漆木

1 1

Buchanania 山檨子属 B. reticulata Hance

网脉山檨子

1

B. siamensis Miq.

泰国山檨子

1

B. yunnanensis C. Y. Wu

云南山漾子

1

81

82

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Anacardiaceae 漆树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

C. axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill

Volume 1

Choerospondias 南酸枣属 南酸枣

1 1

Cotinus 黄栌属 C. coggygria Scop.

黄栌

1

C. coggygria var. cinerea Engl.

灰毛黄栌

1

C. coggygria var. glaucophylla C. Y. Wu

粉背黄栌

1

C. coggygria var. pubescens Engl.

毛黄栌

1

C. nana W. W. Smith

矮黄栌

1

C. obovatus Raf.

美国红栌

1

C. szechuanensis A. Pénzes

四川黄栌

1 1

Dobinea 九子母属 D. delavayi (Baill.) Engl.

羊角天麻

1

D. vulgaris Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

贡山九子母

1 1

Dracontomelon 人面子属 D. duperreanum Pierre

人面子

1

D. macrocarpum H. L. Li

大果人面子

1 1

Drimycarpus 辛果漆属 D. racemosus (Roxb.) Hook. f. ex Marchand.

辛果漆

L. coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

1 1

Lannea 厚皮树属 厚皮树

1 1

Mangifera 杧果属 M. indica L.

杧果

1

M. persiciformis C. Y. Wu et T. L. Ming

扁桃

1

M. siamensis Warbg. ex Craib

泰国杧果

1

M. sylvatica Roxb.

林生杧果

1 1

Pegia 藤漆属 P. nitida Colobr.

藤漆

1

P. sarmentosa (Lecomte) Hand.-Mazz.

利黄藤

1 1

Pistacia 黄连木属 P. chinensis Bunge

黄连木

1

P. vera L.

阿月浑子

1

P. weinmanniifolia J. Poiss. ex Franch.

清香木

1 1

Pleiogynium 帝汶李属 P. timoriense (A. DC.) Leenh.

伯德金梅

1 1

Rhus 盐肤木属 R. chinensis Mill.

盐肤木

1

R. chinensis var. roxburghii (DC.) Rehder

滨盐肤木

1

R. potaninii Maxim.

青麸杨

1

R. punjabensis J. L. Stew. ex Brand.

旁遮普麸杨

1

R. punjabensis var. sinica (Diels) Rehder et E. H. Wilson

红麸杨

1

R. typhina L.

火炬树

1

R. typhina f. laciniata (Wood) Rehder

裂叶火炬树

1

R. wilsonii Hemsl.

川麸杨

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Anacardiaceae 漆树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Schinopsis 破斧木属 S. balansae Engl.

红破斧木

1 1

Schinus 肖乳香属 S. terebinthifolia Raddi

巴西青香木

1 1

Semecarpus 肉托果属 S. gigantifolia Vidal

大叶肉托果

1

S. microcarpa Wall. ex Hook. f.

小果肉托果

1

S. reticulatus Lecomte

网脉肉托果

1 1

Spondias 槟榔青属 S. dulcis Parkinson

食用槟榔青

1

S. lakonensis Pierre

岭南酸枣

1

S. lakonensis var. hirsuta C. Y. Wu et T. L. Ming

毛叶岭南酸枣

1

S. pinnata (L. f.)) Kurz.

槟榔青

1

S. purpurea L.

紫槟榔青

1 1

Terminthia 三叶漆属 T. paniculata (Wall. ex G. Don) C. Y. Wu et T. L. Ming

三叶漆

1 1

Toxicodendron 漆属 T. acuminatum (DC.) C. Y. Wu et T. L. Ming

尖叶漆

1

T. calcicola C. Y. Wu

石山漆

1

T. delavayi (Franch.) F. A. Barkl.

小漆树

1

T. fulvum (Craib) C. Y. Wu et T. L. Ming

黄毛漆

1

T. radicans (L.) Kuntze

毒漆藤

1

T. succedaneum (L.) O. Kuntze

野漆

1

T. sylvestre (Sieb. et Zucc.) Kuntze

木蜡树

1

T. trichocarpum (Miq.) O. Kuntze

毛漆树

1

T. vernicifluum (Stokes) F. A. Barkl.

漆

1

T. wallichii var. microcarpum C. C. Huang ex T. L. Ming

小果绒毛漆

1

11. Ancistrocladaceae 钩枝藤科 Lianas, or scandent shrubs climbing by branches with annular hooks. Leaves alternate, often clustered at the top of branches, margin entire, often sessile; stipules small, caducous. Flowers small, bisexual, actinomorphic, arranged in terminal dichotomously branched panicles or racemiform or spiciform. Calyx tube short and lower ovary connate. Sepals 5, imbricate, becoming accrescent and wing-shaped in fruit, wings unequal. Petals 5, slightly connate at base. Stamens 5 or 10, filaments unequal in length. Ovary inferior, 3 carpels; style thick, spherical or oblong. Fruit a nut, enclosed by calyx tube. Seed 1, subglobose. One genus and 16 or 17 species widespread in

Ancistrocladus tectorius 钩枝藤

83

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, SE Asia. One species occurs in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least 2 botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-11

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ancistrocladaceae

Ancistrocladaceae 钩枝藤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Ancistrocladus 钩枝藤属 A. tectorius (Lour.) Merr.

钩枝藤

1

12. Annonaceae 番荔枝科 Trees, shrubs or climbing shrubs. Stems often aromatic. Leaves alternate, entire, petiolate, stipules absent. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic, often with bracts or bracteoles. Sepals 3, few 2, free or basal connate. Petals 6, in 2 whorls. Stamens many, anthers 2-loculed, longitudinally split; carpels 1 to many, free, few connate. Style short, ovules 1 to many per carpel. Fruit often an apocarpous, often indehiscent, with carpopodium, rarely without carpopodium. Seeds often arillate and endosperm copious. About 129 genera and over 2300 species widespread over tropics and subtropics, rich diversity in Old Cananga odorata 依兰 World. 24 genera and 121 species found in China. A total of 87 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 52% (63/121) species and 79% (19/24) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-12

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Annonaceae

continued

Annonaceae 番荔枝科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Alphonsea 藤春属 A. boniana Finet et Gagnep.

金平藤春

1

A. hainanensis Merr. et Chun

海南藤春

1

A. mollis Dunn

石密

1

A. monogyna Merr. et Chun

藤春

1

A. squamosa Finet et Gagnep.

多苞藤春

1

A. tsangyuanensis P. T. Li

多脉藤春

1 1

Anaxagorea 蒙蒿子属 A. javanica Blume

爪哇木

1 1

Annona 番荔枝属 A. glabra L.

圆滑番荔枝

1

A. muricata L.

刺果番荔枝

1

A. reticulata L.

牛心番荔枝

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Annonaceae 番荔枝科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. squamosa L.

番荔枝

1 1

Artabotrys 鹰爪花属 A. fragrans Ast ex Jovet-Ast

香鹰爪

1

A. hexapetalus (L. f.) Bhandar

鹰爪花

1

A. hongkongensis Hance

香港鹰爪

1

A. punctulatus C. Y. Wu ex S. H. Yuan

点叶鹰爪花

1

A. siamensis Miq.

泰果鹰爪花

1

A. uncinatus (Lam.) Merr.

鹰爪

1 1

Asimina 泡泡属 A. triloba (L.) Dunal

泡泡果

1 1

Cananga 依兰属 C. odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. et Thomson

依兰

1

C. odorata var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sinclair

小依兰

1 1

Cyathostemma 杯冠木属 C. yunnanense Hu

杯冠木

1 1

Dasymaschalon 皂帽花属 D. filipes (Ridl.) Ban

丝柄假鹰爪

1

D. macrocalyx Finet et Gagnep.

皂帽花

1

D. rostratum Merr. et Chun

喙果皂帽花

1

D. sootepense Craib

黄花皂帽木

1 1

Desmos 假鹰爪属 D. chinensis Lour.

假鹰爪

1

D. dumosus (Roxb.) Saff.

毛叶假鹰爪

1

D. saccopetaloides (W. T. Wang) P. T. Li

囊瓣亮花木

1

D. yunnanensis (Hu) P. T. Li

云南假鹰爪

1 1

Fissistigma 瓜馥木属 F. acuminatissimum Merr.

尖叶瓜馥木

1

F. balansae (A. DC.) Merr.

多脉瓜馥木

1

F. bracteolatum Chatterjee

排骨灵

1

F. chloroneurum (Hand.-Mazz.) Tsiang

阔叶瓜馥木

1

F. glaucescens (Hance) Merr.

白叶瓜馥木

1

F. kwangsiense Tsiang et P. T. Li

广西瓜腹木

1

F. latifolium (Dunal) Merr.

大叶瓜馥木

1

F. maclurei Merr.

毛瓜馥木

1

F. minuticalyx (McGregor et W. W. Sm.) Chatterjee

小萼瓜馥木

1

F. oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr.

瓜馥木

1

F. poilanei (Ast in Humbert) Tsiang et P. T. Li

火绳藤

1

F. polyanthum (Hook. f. et Thoms) Merr.

黑风藤

1

F. retusum (Lev.) Rehd

凹叶瓜馥木

1

F. tientangense Tsiang et P. T. Li

天堂瓜馥木

1

F. uonicum (Dunn) Merr.

香港瓜馥木

1

F. wallichii (Hook. f. et Thomson) Merr.

光叶瓜馥木

1 1

Goniothalamus 哥纳香属 G. cheliensis Hu

景洪哥纳香

1

G. chinensis Merr. et Chun

哥纳香

1

G. griffithii Hook. f. et Thomson

大花哥纳香

1

G. howii Merr. et Chun

海南哥纳香

1

85

86

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Annonaceae 番荔枝科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. laotica (Finet et Gagnep.) Bân

柄芽银钩花

1 1

Melodorum 金帽花属 M. fruticosum Lour.

美乐多

M. creaghii Ridl.

1 1

Mezzettiopsis 蚁花属 蚁花

1 1

Miliusa 野独活属 M. balansae Finet et Gagnep.

野独活

1

M. cuneata Craib

楔叶野独活

1

M. sinensis Finet. et Gagnep.

中华野独活

1

M. tenuistipitata W. T. Wang

云南野独活

1

M. velutina Hook. f. et Thomson

大叶野独活

1 1

Mitrephora 银钩花属 M. calcarea Diels ex Ast

石山银钩花

1

M. maingayi Hook. f. et Thomson

山蕉

1

M. thorelii Pierre

银钩花

1

M. wangii Hu

云南银钩花

1 1

Oncodostigma 蕉木属 O. hainanense (Merr.) Tsiang et P. T. Li

蕉木

1 1

Orophea 澄广花属 O. anceps Pierre

广西澄广花

1

O. hainanensis Merr.

澄广花

1 1

Polyalthia 暗罗属 P. cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd.

老人皮

1

P. cheliensis Hu

景洪暗罗

1

P. consanguinea Merr.

沙煲暗罗

1

P. laui Merr.

海南暗罗

1

P. litseifolia C. Y. Wu ex P. T. Li

木姜叶暗罗

1

P. longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites

长叶暗罗

1

P. nemoralis A. DC.

陵水暗罗

1

P. peteletii Merr.

云桂暗罗

1

P. plagioneura Diels

斜脉暗罗

1

P. rumphii (Bl. ex Hensch.) Merr.

香花暗罗

1

P. simiarum (Ham. ex Hook. f. et Thoms.) Benth. ex Hook. f

腺叶暗罗

1

P. suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites

暗罗

1

P. verrucipes C. Y. Wu

疣叶暗罗

1

P. viridis Craib

毛脉暗罗

1 1

Pseuduvaria 金钩花属 P. indochinensis Merr.

金钩花

1

Saccopetalum 囊瓣木属 S. prolificum (Chun et How) Tsiang

1

囊瓣木

1 1

Uvaria 紫玉盘属 U. boniana Finet et Gagnep.

光叶紫玉盘

1

U. grandiflora Roxb.

大花紫玉盘

1

U. kurzii (King) P. T. Li

黄花紫玉盘

1

U. kweichowensis P. T. Li

瘤果紫玉盘

1

U. littoralis (Blume) Blume

石山紫玉盘

1

U. microcarpa Champ. ex Benth

紫玉盘

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

87

continued Annonaceae 番荔枝科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

U. rufa Blume

小花紫玉盘

1

U. tonkinensis Finet et Gagnep.

扣匹

1

U. tonkinensis var. subglabra Finet et Gagnep

乌藤

1

13. Apocynaceae 夹竹桃科 Trees, erect shrubs or woody climbers, rarely perennial herbs, with latex or watery juice. Stems spineless, rare spines. Leaves simple, opposite, whorled, pinnately veined, margin entire, rarely denticulate; stipules often absent or degenerated into glands, or rarely pseudostipules. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary or forming cymes. Calyx 5, basal connate into tubular or bell-shaped; corolla 5-or rarely 4-lobed, corolla throat often with accessory corolla or appendages. Stamens 5, filaments segregated, anthers oblong or arrow-shaped. Ovary superior, 1–2 locules; style 1, ovules 1 to many. Fruits a berry, drupes, capsules or follicles. Seeds often hairy at one end, with pubescence at both ends or with Strophanthus hispidus 箭毒羊角拗 membranous wings. About 155 genera and 2000 species occur primarily in the tropics and subtropics, less distributed in temperate regions. Of 46 genera and 145 species found in China, ca. 95% of the taxa occurred in the southern and southwestern regions of the country. A total of 111 species of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 62% (90/145) species and 76% (35/46) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-13

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Apocynaceae

continued

Apocynaceae 夹竹桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. obesum Roem. et Schult.

沙漠玫瑰

1 1

Aganonerion A. polymorphum Spire

Volume 1

Adenium 天宝花属

酸汤藤

1 1

Aganosma 香花藤属 A. cymosa (Roxburgh) G. Don

云南香花藤

1

A. schlechteriana H. Lév.

海南香花藤

1

A. siamensis Craib

广西香花藤

1 1

Allamanda 黄蝉属 A. blanchetii A. DC.

紫蝉花

1

A. cathartica L.

软枝黄蝉

1

88

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Apocynaceae 夹竹桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. schottii Pohl

黄婵

1 1

Alstonia 鸡骨常山属 A. macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don

大叶糖胶树

1

A. neriifolia D. Don

竹叶羊角棉

1

A. rostrata C. E. C. Fischer

盆架树

1

A. scholaris (L.) R. Br.

糖胶树

1

A. yunnanensis Diels

鸡骨常山

1 1

Alyxia 链珠藤属 A. funingensis Tsiang et P. T. Li

富宁链珠藤

1

A. levinei Merr.

筋藤

1

A. menglungensis Tsiang et P. T. Li

勐龙链珠藤

1

A. odorata Wallich ex G. Don

海南链珠藤

1

A. ruscifolia R. Br.

1

A. schlechteri Lévl

狭叶链珠藤

1

A. siamensis Craib

长序链珠藤

1

A. sinensis Champ. ex Benth.

链珠藤

1 1

Amalocalyx 毛车藤属 A. microlobus Pierre

毛车藤

1

Amsonia 水甘草属 A. elliptica (Thunb. ex Murray) Roem. et Schult.

1

水甘草

1 1

Anodendron 鳝藤属 A. affine (Hook. et Arn.) Druce

鳝藤

1

A. formicinum (Tsiang et P. T. Li) D. J. Middleton

平脉藤

1 1

Apocynum 罗布麻属 A. pictum Schrenk

白麻

1

A. venetum L.

罗布麻

1 1

Baissea 金平藤属 B. acuminata (Wight) Benth. ex Hook. f.

金平藤

1 1

Beaumontia 清明花属 B. grandiflora Wall.

清明花

1

B. khasiana Hook. f.

云南清明花

1 1

Bousigonia 奶子藤属 B. angustifolia Pierre

闷奶果

1

B. mekongensis Pierre

奶子藤

1 1

Carissa 假虎刺属 C. carandas L.

刺黄果

1

C. spinarum L.

假虎刺

1 1

Cascabela C. ovata (Cav.) Lippold

卵叶夹竹桃

1

Catharanthus 长春花属 C. roseus (L.) G. Don Cerbera 海杧果属

1

长春花

1 1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Apocynaceae 夹竹桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. manghas L.

海杧果

1 1

Chonemorpha 鹿角藤属 C. eriostylis Pitard

鹿角藤

1

C. fragrans (Moon) Alston

大叶鹿角藤

1

C. griffithii Hook. f.

漾濞鹿角藤

1

C. megacalyx Pierre

长萼鹿角藤

1

C. splendens Chun et Tsiang

海南鹿角藤

1 1

Epigynum 思茅藤属 E. auritum (Schneid.) Tsiang et P. T. Li

思茅藤

1

Holarrhena 止泻木属 H. antidysenterica Wall. ex A. DC.

止泻木

1 1

Hunteria 仔榄树属 H. zeylanica (Retz.) Gard. ex Thw.

1

仔榄树

1 1

Ichnocarpus 腰骨藤属 I. frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton

腰骨藤

1

I. polyanthus (Blume) P. I. Forst.

小花藤

1 1

Kibatalia 倒缨木属 K. macrophylla (Pierre ex Hua) Woodson

倒缨木

1 1

Kopsia 蕊木属 K. arborea Blume

云南蕊木

1

K. fruticosa (Ker) A. DC.

红花蕊木

1 1

Mandevilla 飘香藤属 M. laxa (Ruiz et Pav.) Woodson

飘香藤

1 1

Melodinus 山橙属 M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.

思茅山橙

1

M. fusiformis Champ. ex Banth.

尖山橙

1

M. suaveolens (Hance) Champ. ex Benth.

山橙

1

M. tenuicaudatus Tsiang et P. T. Li

薄叶山橙

1 1

Nerium 夹竹桃属 N. oleander L.

欧洲夹竹桃

1 1

Ochrosia 玫瑰树属 O. borbonica Gmél.

玫瑰树

1

O. coccinea (Teijsm. et Binn.) Miq.

光萼玫瑰树

1

O. elliptica Labill.

古城玫瑰树

1 1

Pachypodium 棒锤树属 P. bispinosum (L. f.) A. DC.

双刺瓶干

1

P. brevicaule Baker

惠比须笑

1

P. densiflorum Baker

巴西女王之玉栉

1

P. geayi Costantin et Bois

亚阿相界

1

P. horombense Poiss.

筒蝶青

1

P. lamerei Drake

非洲霸王树

1

P. namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Welw.

棒锤树

1

89

90

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Apocynaceae 夹竹桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. saundersii N. E. Br.

白马城

1 1

Parameria 长节珠属 P. laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke

长节珠

1

Parepigynum 富宁藤属 P. funingense Tsiang et P. T. Li

富宁藤

同心结

1 1

Pentalinon 金香藤属 P. luteum (L.) B. F. Hansen et Wunderlin

1 1

Parsonsia 同心结属 P. alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb.

1

金香藤

1 1

Plumeria 鸡蛋花属 P. alba L.

白花鸡蛋花

1

P. obtusa L.

钝叶鸡蛋花

1

P. pudica Jacq.

缅雪花

1

P. rubra L.

红鸡蛋花

1 1

Pottsia 帘子藤属 P. laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze

帘子藤

1 1

Rauvolfia 萝芙木属 R. serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz

蛇根木

1

R. sumatrana Jack

苏门答腊萝芙木

1

R. tetraphylla L.

四叶萝芙木

1

R. verticillata (Lour.) Baill.

萝芙木

1

R. vomitoria Afzel. ex Spreng.

催吐萝芙木

1 1

Saba 胶藤属 S. comorensis (Bojer ex A. DC.) Pichon

佛罗里达胶藤

S. henryi Oliv.

1 1

Sindechites 毛药藤属 毛药藤

1 1

Strophanthus 羊角拗属 S. divaricatus (Lour.) Hook. et Arn.

羊角拗

1

S. gratus (Wall. et Hook.) Baill.

毛旋花

1

S. hispidus DC.

箭毒羊角拗

1

S. wallichii A. DC.

云南羊角拗

1 1

Tabernaemontana 狗牙花属 T. bovina Lour.

药用狗牙花

1

T. bufalina Lour.

尖蕾狗牙花

1

T. corymbosa Roxb. ex Wall.

伞房狗牙花

1

T. divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. et Schultt

狗牙花

1 1

Tabernanthe 夜灵木属 T. iboga Baill.

鹅花树

1

Thevetia 黄花夹竹桃属 T. peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum.

黄花夹竹桃

1 1

Trachelospermum 络石属 T. asiaticum (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai

1

金叶络石

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Apocynaceae 夹竹桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. axillare Hook. f.

紫花络石

1

T. bodinieri (Lévl.) Woods. ex Rehd.

贵州络石

1

T. dunnii (Lévl.) Lévl.

锈毛络石

1

T. jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem.

络石

1 1

Urceola 水壶藤属 U. linearicarpa (Pierre) D. J. Middleton

线果水壶藤

1

U. micrantha (Wall. ex G. Don) D. J. Middleton

杜仲藤

1

U. rosea (Hook. et Arn.) D. J. Middleton

酸叶胶藤

1

U. tournieri (Pierre) D. J. Middleton

云南水壶藤

1 1

Vallaris 纽子花属 V. indecora (Baill.) Tsiang et P. T. Li

大纽子花

V. major L.

蔓长春花

1 1

Voacanga 马铃果属 V. africana Stapf

1 1

Vinca 蔓长春花属

非洲马铃果

1 1

Wrightia 倒吊笔属 W. arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.

胭木

1

W. coccinea (Roxb.) Sims

云南倒吊笔

1

W. laevis Hook. f.

蓝树

1

W. pubescens R. Br.

倒吊笔

1

W. religiosa (Teijsm. et Binn.) Kurz

无冠倒吊笔

1

W. sikkimensis Gamble

个溥

1

14. Aponogetonaceae 水蕹科 Freshwater perennial aquatic herbs with tuberous rhizomes, stem with milky juice. Leaves basal, long petiole, petiole basal sheathed, margin entire or wavy with parallel veins and most secondary transverse veins, floating or submerged. Inflorescences simple or dichotomous terminal spike, flowering out of the water. Spathe very early caducous and rarely persist. Flowers sessile, bisexual or unisexual. Petals 1–3 or rarely absent, free and persistent. Stamens 6 to many, free, two-whorled, persistent. Anthers extroverted, 2-loculed, longitudinally split; carpels 3–6. Ovary superior, style short, ovules 2 to many per carpel. Fruit a whorl of follicles. Seeds without endosperm. Aponogeton ulvaceus 大卷浪草 One genus and one species widely distributed in tropics and subtropics of Old World. A total of 3 species of the family are cultivated in at least 2 botanical gardens.

91

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-14

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Aponogetonaceae

Aponogetonaceae 水蕹科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Aponogeton 水蕹属 A. capuronii H. Brubben

小卷浪草

1

A. lakhonensis A. Camus

水蕹

1

A. ulvaceus Baker

大卷浪草

1

15. Aquifoliaceae 冬青科 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or pseudoverticillate; leaves often leathery, papery, thin membranous, margin entire or serrated, glandular serrated, spiny. Stipules absent or tiny, caducous. Flowers small, actinomorphic, unisexual, rarely bisexual or polygamous, arranged in cymes, pseudoumbels, racemes, panicles or clusters, rarely solitary, plant dioecious. Calyx 4–6, imbricate; petals 4–6, imbricate. Stamens isomerous, alternating with petals. Filaments short, anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior (male: ovary rudimentary), carpels 2–5, connate. Fruits a berrylike drupes with 2 to 4 locules, rarely 1. One seed per locules. Ilex rotunda 铁冬青 One genus and 500–600 species are widespread over tropical and subtropical to temperate regions of both the North and South Hemispheres, but rich diversity in tropical regions of Central and South America and Asia. A total of 241 species found in China, between Qinling Mountains and southern part of Yangtze River, rich diversity found in South and Southwest China. A total of 80 species, one subspecies, eight varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 32% (76/241) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-15

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Aquifoliaceae

continued

Aquifoliaceae 冬青科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 1

Ilex 冬青属 I. aculeolata Nakai

满树星

1

I. aquifolium L.

枸骨叶冬青

1

I. asprella (Hook. et Arn.) Champ. ex Benth.

梅叶冬青

1

I. asprella var. tapuensis S. Y. Hu

大埔秤星树

1

I. bioritsensis Hayata

刺叶冬青

1

I. bioritsensis var. ovatifolia H. L. Li

刺卵叶冬青

1

I. buergeri Miq.

短梗冬青

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Aquifoliaceae 冬青科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. buxoides S. Y. Hu

黄杨叶冬青

1

I. cauliflora H. W. Li

茎花冬青

1

I. centrochinensis S. Y. Hu

华中枸骨

1

I. championii Loes.

凹叶冬青

1

I. chapaensis Merr.

沙坝冬青

1

I. chartacifolia C. Y. Wu ex Y. R. Li

纸叶冬青

1

I. chinensis Sims

冬青

1

I. ciliospinosa Loes.

睫刺冬青

1

I. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Loes

越南冬青

1

I. colchica Pojark.

黑海冬青

1

I. confertiflora Marr.

密花冬青

1

I. corallina Franch.

珊瑚冬青

1

I. corallina var. aberrans Hand.-Mazz.

刺叶珊瑚冬青

1

I. corallina var. pubescens S. Y. Hu

毛枝珊瑚冬青

1

I. cornuta Lindl. et Paxt.

枸骨

1

I. crenata Thunb.

钝齿冬青

1

I. crenata f. convexa (Makino) Rehder

龟甲冬青

1

I. cyrtura Merr.

弯尾冬青

1

I. dabieshanensis K. Yao et M. P. Deng

大别山冬青

1

I. decidua Walter

落叶冬青

1

I. delavayi var. linearifolia S. Y. Hu

线叶陷脉冬青

1

I. denticulata Wall.

细齿冬青

1

I. dipyrena Wall.

双核冬青

1

I. dunniana Lévl.

龙里冬青

1

I. editicostata Hu et Tang

显脉冬青

1

I. excelsa var. hypotricha (Loes.) S. Y. Hu

毛背高冬青

1

I. fargesii Franch.

狭叶冬青

1

I. ficoidea Hemsl.

榕叶冬青

1

I. formosana Maxim.

台湾冬青

1

I. franchetiana Loes.

康定冬青

1

I. godajam (Colebr. ex Wall.) Wall.

伞花冬青

1

I. graciliflora Champ.

细花冬青

1

I. hainanensis Merr.

海南冬青

1

I. hanceana Maxim.

青茶冬青

1

I. hirsuta J. H. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng

硬毛冬青

1

I. hylonoma Hu et Tang

细剌枸骨

1

I. integra Thunb.

全缘冬青

1

I. intermedia Loes. ex Diels

中型冬青

1

I. kaushue S. Y. Hu

扣树

1

I. kobuskiana S. Y. Wu

凸脉冬青

1

I. kwangtungensis Merr.

广东冬青

1

I. lancilimba Merr.

剑叶冬青

1

I. latifolia Thunb.

大叶冬青

1

93

94

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Aquifoliaceae 冬青科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. lohfauensis Merr.

矮冬青

1

I. longzhouensis C. J. Tseng

龙州冬青

1

I. macrocarpa Oliv.

大果冬青

1

I. macrocarpa var. reevesae (S. Y. Hu) S. Y. Hu

柔毛冬青

1

I. macropoda Miq.

大柄冬青

1

I. melanophylla H. T. Chang

黑叶冬青

1

I. memecylifolia Champ. ex Benth

谷木叶冬青

1

I. metabaptista Loes. ex Diels

河滩冬青

1

I. micrococca Maxim.

小果冬青

1

I. micrococca f. pilosa S. Y. Hu

毛梗冬青

1

I. oblonga C. J. Tseng

长圆果冬青

1

I. opaca Ait.

美国冬青

1

I. pedunculosa Miq.

具柄冬青

1

I. pentagona S. K. Chen, Y. X. Feng et C. F. Liang

五棱苦丁茶

1

I. perado ssp. platyphylla (Webb et Berthel.) Tutin

阔叶亚速尔冬青

1

I. pernyi Franch.

猫儿刺

1

I. pingnanensis S. Y. Hu

平南冬青

1

I. polyneura (Hand.-Mazz.) S. Y. Hu

多脉冬青

1

I. pubescens Hook. et Art.

毛冬青

1

I. robustinervosa C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng

粗脉冬青

1

I. rotunda Thunb.

铁冬青

1

I. rubra S. Watson

红果冬青

1

I. saxicola C. J. Tseng et H. H. Liu

石生冬青

1

I. serrata Thunb.

落霜红

1

I. shennongjiaensis T. R. Dudley

神农架冬青

1

I. sikkimensis Kurz

锡金冬青

1

I. sinica (Loes.) S. Y. Hu

中华冬青

1

I. stewardii S. Y. Hu

黔桂冬青

1

I. suaveolens (Lévl.) Loes.

香冬青

1

I. szechwanensis Loes.

四川冬青

1

I. tetramera (Rehd.) C. J. Tseng

灰叶冬青

1

I. tetramera var. glabra (C. Y. Wu ex Y. R. Li) T. R. Dudley

无毛灰叶冬青

1

I. triflora Blume

三花冬青

1

I. tutcheri Merr.

罗浮冬青

1

I. umbellulata (Wall.) Loes.

伞序冬青

1

I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray

轮生冬青

1

I. viridis Champ. ex Benth.

绿冬青

1

I. vomitoria Ait.

催吐冬青

1

I. wenchowensis S. Y. Hu

温州冬青

1

I. wilsonii Loes.

尾叶冬青

1

I. zhejiangensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng

浙江冬青

1

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

95

16. Araceae 天南星科 Perennial herbs, with tubers or elongated rhizomes, rarely climbing shrubs or epiphytic vines or wetland shrubs. Stem with bitter watery or milky juice. Leaves simple or various compounded, usually basal, alternate when cauline, usually in 2 whorls or spiral arrangement, petioles with sheath bases; blades are mostly arrow-shaped, halberd, or palmate, birdfoot, pinnate and radiated or many other transforms; mostly reticulate veins, rarely parallel veins. Flowers small or tiny, often very stinky, arranged in spadix inflorescences subtended by spathe; bisexual or unisexual or functional dioecious, monoecious when unisexual. In monoecious females usually at lower part of inflorescence but males at upper. Hermaphrodite flowers with or without perianth. In case of perianth, 2 whorls, perianth segments 2 or 3, regularly or irregularly imbricate, often obovate, apical arched and curving inward; rarely connate altar, stamens usually as many as perianth segments, opposite, free. In perianth-free flowers, unisexual, stamens 2–4 (or 8) or many, separate or connate into stamen styles; anthers 2-locules, opposite or nearly opposite, with longitudinal anther pores; in pistillate, pseudostamens (sterile stamens) often exist, surround the pistil, sometimes single at the lower part of the pistil. Fruits a berry, rarely Arisaema heterophyllum 天南星 aggregated indehiscent berries. Seeds 1 to many, round, oval, reniform or elongated. About 110 genera and >3500 species are widespread over the world except for frigid regions and the driest deserts, rich diversity occurs in tropical and subtropical regions A total of 35 genera and 188 species found in China, but richer diversity found in South and Southwest provinces of China. About 50% of Araceae species in China are considered as medicinal plants; for example, Arisaema heterophyllum, Pinellia pedatisecta, and P. ternata have been used since ancient times. Tubers of Amorphophallus and Colocasia are used for food or in the industry for starch. Pistia is used as feed for pigs and or to be cultivated as an ornamental plant in aquatic gardens. A total of 238 species, one subspecies and 4 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 46% (86/188) species and 86% (30/35) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-16

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Araceae

continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 2

Acorus 菖蒲属 A. calamus L.

菖蒲

2

A. calamus var. verus L.

细根菖蒲

2

A. gramineus Soland.

金线蒲

2

96

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. rumphianus S. Y. Hu

长苞菖蒲

2

A. tatarinowii Schott

石菖蒲

2 2

Aglaonema 广东万年青属 A. commutatum Schott

细斑粗肋草

2

A. costatum N. E. Br.

心叶粗胁草

2

A. crispum (Pitcher et R. F. Manda) Nicolson

白雪粗肋草

2

A. hookerianum Schott

2

A. modestum Schott ex Engl.

广东万年青

2

A. pictum Kunth

绒叶粗肋草

2

A. tenuipes Engl.

越南万年青

2 2

Alocasia 海芋属 A. cucullata (Lour.) Schott

尖尾芋

2

A. cuprea K. Koch

龟甲观音莲

2

A. hypnosa J. T. Yin, Y. H. Wang et Z. F. Xu

紫苞海芋

2

A. longiloba Miq.

箭叶海芋

2

A. macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don

海芋

2

A. sanderiana W. Bull

美叶芋

2 2

Amorphophallus 磨芋属 A. albus P. Y. Liu et J. F. Chen

白磨芋

2

A. bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume

珠芽磨芋

2

A. coaetaneus S. Y. Liu et S. J. Wei

桂平蘑芋

2

A. dunnii Tutcher

南蛇棒

2

A. kachinensis Engl. et Gehrmann

勐海磨芋

2

A. kiusianus (Makino) Makino

东亚磨芋

2

A. konjac K. Koch

花磨芋

2

A. krausei Engl.

西盟磨芋

2

A. rivieri Durieu

磨芋

2

A. sinensis Belval

疏毛磨芋

2

A. titanum (Becc.) Becc.

巨磨芋

2

A. tonkinensis Engl. et Gehrmann

东京磨芋

2

A. virosus N. E. Br.

疣柄磨芋

2

A. yuloensis H. Li

攸乐磨芋

2

A. yunnanensis Engl.

滇磨芋

2 2

Amydrium 雷公连属 A. hainanense (Ting et Wu ex H. Li, Y. Shiao et S. L. Tseng) H. Li

穿心藤

2

A. humile Schott

小雷公连

2

A. sinense (Engl.) H. Li

雷公连

2 2

Anadendrum 上树南星属 A. montanum (Blume) Schott

上树南星

2

Anchomanes 长柄刺芋属 A. difformis (Blume) Engl.

长柄刺芋

2 2

Anthurium 花烛属 A. andraeanum Linden

2

花烛

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. angustinum K. Koch et Lauche

2

A. balaoanum Engl.

2

A. barclayanum Engl.

2

A. bonplandii G. S. Bunting A. bradeanum T. B. Croat et R. Baker.

2 布雷德花烛

2

A. crassinervium (Jacq.) Schott

2

A. crenatum (L.) Kunth

2

A. croatii Madison

2

A. crystallinum Lind. et Andre

水晶花烛

2

A. ernestii Engl.

埃内斯蒂花烛

2

A. fendleri Schott

芬德勒花烛

2

A. galactospadix Croat A. harrisii (Graham) G. Don

2 哈里斯花烛

2

A. jenmanii Engl.

2

A. lilacinum G. S. Bunting

2

A. linguifolium Engl.

舌状花烛

A. llewellynii Croat

2 2

A. longipeltatum Matuda

2

A. magnificum Linden

绒叶花烛

2

A. obtusum (Engl.) Grayum.

钝形花烛

2

A. oxyphyllum Sodiro

喜酸花烛

2

A. paraguasense Croat

2

A. parasiticum (Vell.) Stellfeld

寄生花烛

2

A. pedato-radiatum Schott

掌叶花烛

2

A. salvadorense Croat

萨尔瓦多花烛

2

A. salvinii Hemsl.

2

A. scherzerianum Schott

火鹤花

2

A. seleri Engl.

塞莱尔花烛

2

A. signatum K. Koch et L. Mathieu

2

A. superbum Madison

稀有火鹤

2

A. upalaense Croat et R. Baker

乌帕拉花烛

2

A. variabile Kunth

深裂花烛

2

A. veitchi Mast.

国王花烛

2

A. ventanasense Croat

温塔娜花烛

2

A. verapazense Engl.

危地马拉花烛

2

A. wagenerianum K. Koch et C. D. Bouché

瓦格纳花烛

2

A. warocqueanum Moore

长叶花烛

2

A. watermaliense L. H. Bailey et Nash

瓦特马尔花烛

2 2

Anubias 水榕芋属 A. barteri Schott

水榕

2

A. barteri var. nana (Engl.) Crusio

小水榕

2 2

Arisaema 天南星属 A. amurense Maxim.

东北南星

2

97

98

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. aridum H. Li

旱生南星

2

A. bannaense H. Li

版纳南星

2

A. bathycoleum Hand.-Mazz.

银南星

2

A. biauriculatum W. W. Smith ex Hand.-Mazt.

双耳南星

2

A. burmaense P. C. Boyce et H. Li

北缅南星

2

A. calcareum H. Li

红根南星

2

A. candidissimum W. W. Smith

白苞南星

2

A. clavatum Buchet

棒头南星

2

A. dahaiense H. Li

会泽南星

2

A. decipiens Schott

奇异南星

2

A. du-bois-reymondiae Engl.

云台南星

2

A. dulongense H. Li

独龙南星

2

A. elephas Buchet

象南星

2

A. erubescens (Wall.) Schott

一把伞南星

2

A. fargesii Buchet

螃蟹七

2

A. flavum (Forsk.) Schott

黄苞南星

2

A. franchetianum Engl.

象头花

2

A. hainanense C. Y. Wu ex H. Li et al.

黎婆花

2

A. heterophyllum Blume

天南星

2

A. inkiangense H. Li

三匹箭

2

A. lichiangense W. W. Smith

丽江南星

2

A. lingyunense H. Li

凌云南星

2

A. lobatum Engl.

花南星

2

A. nepenthoides (Wall.) Martius

猪笼南星

2

A. pingbianense H. Li

屏边南星

2

A. rhizomatum C. E. C. Fisher

雪里见

2

A. saxatile Buchet

岩生南星

2

A. serratum (Thunb.) Schott

细齿南星

2

A. sikokianum Franch. et Sav.

全缘灯台莲

2

A. sikokianum var. henryanum (Engl.) H. Li

七叶灯台莲

2

A. sikokianum var. serratu (Makino) Hand.-Mazz.

七叶灯台莲

2

A. sinii Krause

瑶山南星

2

A. speciosum (Wall.) Mart.

美丽南星

2

A. tengtsungense H. Li

腾冲南星

2

A. thunbergii ssp. autumnale J. C. Wang, J. Murata et H. Ohashi

东台南星

2

A. undulatum Krause

洱海南星

2

A. wardii Marq.

隐序南星

2

A. wilsonii Engl.

川中南星

2

A. wumengense H. Li ex Q. T. Zhang et L. S. Xie

乌蒙南星

2

A. xiangchengense H. Li et A. M. Lu

乡城南星

2

A. yunnanense Buchet

山珠南星

2

A. zhui H. Li

维明南星

2

Caladium 五彩芋属

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. bicolor (Ait.) Vent

花叶芋

2 2

Calla 水芋属 C. palustris L.

水芋

2 2

Colocasia 芋属 C. antiquorum Schott

野芋

2

C. esculenta (L.) Schott

芋

2

C. fallax Schott

假芋

2

C. formosana Hayata

台芋

2

C. gigantea (Blume) Hook. f.

大野芋

2

C. gongii C. L. Long et H. Li

龚氏芋

2

C. heterochroma H. Li et Z. X. Wei

异色芋

2

C. konishii Hay.

红芋

2

C. lihengiae C. L. Long et K. M. Liu

李氏香芋

2

C. menglaensis J. T. Yin et H. Li et Z. F. Xu

勐腊芋

2

C. tibetensis J. T. Yin

西藏芋

2

C. tonoimo Nakai

紫芋

2 2

Cryptocoryne 隐棒花属 C. crispatula Engl.

隐棒花

2

C. walkeri Schott

咖啡椒草

2

C. wendtii de Wit

椒草

2

Culcasia 网藤芋属

2

C. striolata Engl.

2

Cyrtosperma 曲籽芋属

2

C. johnstoni N. E. Br.

彩叶芋

2

C. lasioides Griff.

曲籽芋

2 2

Dieffenbachia 花叶万年青属 D. amoena Bull.

大王黛粉叶

2

D. concinna Croat et Grayum

雅致黛粉叶

2

D. daguensis Engl.

革叶万年青

2

D. horichii Croat et Grayum

堀地黛粉叶

2

D. maculata Sweet

黛粉叶

2

D. picta (Lodd.) Schott

花叶万年青

2

D. seguine (Jacq.) Schott

彩叶万年青

2 2

Epipremnum 麒麟叶属 E. aureum (Linden et Andre) Bunting

绿萝

2

E. pinnatum (L.) Engl.

麒麟叶

2 2

Hapaline 细柄芋属 H. ellipticifolium C. Y. Wu ex H. Li

细柄芋

2 2

Homalomena 千年健属 H. gigantea Engl.

大千年健

2

H. occulta (Lour.) Schott

千年健

2

H. wallisii Regel

春雪芋

2

Lasia 刺芋属

2

99

100

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. spinosa (L.) Thwait.

刺芋

2 2

Monstera 龟背竹属 M. adansonii Schott

孔叶龟背竹

2

M. deliciosa Liebm.

龟背竹

2

M. obliqua Miq.

斜叶龟背竹

2 2

Philodendron 喜林芋属 P. bipennifolium Schott

琴叶喜林芋

2

P. bipinnatifidum Schott

春羽

2

P. camposportoanum G. M. Barroso

南美喜林芋

2

P. cruentum Poepp et Endl.

紫背蔓丝绒

2

P. domesticum Bunting

锄叶曼丝绒

2

P. erubescens C. Koch et Augustin

红苞喜林芋

2

P. grandifolium (Jacq.) Schott

大叶蔓绿绒

2

P. grazielae G. S. Bunting

团扇喜林芋

2

P. hastatum K. Koch et Sello

锄叶蔓绿绒

2

P. hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott

心叶蔓绿绒

2

P. imbe hort. ex Engl.

红背蔓绿绒

2

P. krugii Engl.

2

P. lacinatum Engl.

掌裂蔓绿绒

2

P. martianum Engl.

立叶蔓绿绒

2

P. melanochrysum Lind. et Andre

蔓绿绒

2

P. melinonii Brongn. ex Regel

明脉蔓绿绒

2

P. panduriforme (Kunth) Kunth

琴叶蔓绿绒

2

P. squamiferum Poepp.

红毛柄蔓绿绒

2

P. tripartitum (Jacq.) Schott

三裂蔓绿绒

2

P. wendlandii Schott

鸟巢蔓绿绒

2

P. williamsii Hook. f.

大波叶蔓绿绒

2

P. xanadu Croat, Mayo et J. Boos

小天使喜林芋

2 2

Pinellia 半夏属 P. cordata N. E. Br.

滴水珠

2

P. pedatisecta Schott

虎掌

2

P. polyphylla S. L. Hu.

大半夏

2

P. ternata (Thunb.) Breit.

半夏

2 2

Pistia 大薸属 P. stratiotes L.

大薸

2 2

Pothos 石柑属 P. chinensis (Raf.) Merr

石柑子

2

P. pilulifer Buchet ex Gagn.

地柑

2

P. repens (Lour.) Druce

百足藤

2

P. scandens L.

螳螂跌打

2 2

Remusatia 岩芋属 R. hookeriana Schott

早花岩芋

2

R. pumila (D. Don) H. Li et A. Hay

曲苞芋

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. vivipara (Lodd.) Schott

岩芋

2

R. yunnanensis (H. Li et A. Hay) H. Li et A. Hay

云南岩芋

2 2

Rhaphidophora 崖角藤属 R. crassicaulis Engl. et Krause

粗茎岩角藤

2

R. cryptantha P. C. Boyce et C. M. Allen

银脉崖角藤

2

R. decursiva (Roxb.) Schott

爬树龙

2

R. hongkongensis Schott

狮子尾

2

R. hookeri Schott

毛过山龙

2

R. lancifolia Schott

上树蜈蚣

2

R. luchunensis H. Li

绿春崖角藤

2

R. megaphilla H. Li

大叶崖角藤

2

R. peepla (Roxb.) Schott

大叶南苏

2 2

Sauromatum 斑龙芋属 S. gaoligongense Z. L. Wang et H. Li

贡山斑龙芋

2

S. venosum (Aiton) Kunth

斑龙芋

2 2

Scindapsus 藤芋属 S. maclurei (Merr.) Merr. et Metc.

海南藤芋

2

S. pictus Hassk.

银斑葛

2 2

Spathicarpa 青荚芋属 S. hastifolia Hook.

青荚芋

2 2

Spathiphyllum 白鹤芋属 S. cannifolium (Dryand. ex Sims) Schott

白鹤芋

2

S. cochlearispathum Engl.

匙鞘万年青

2

S. floribundum (Linden et André) N. E. Br.

绿巨人

2

S. kochii Engl. et Krause

白掌

2

S. ortgiesii Regel S. wallisii hort.

2 弯穗苞叶芋

2 2

Steudnera 泉七属 S. colocasiifolia K. Koch

泉七

2

S. griffithii Schott

全缘泉七

2 2

Syngonium 合果芋属 S. auritum (L.) Schott

长耳合果芋

2

S. erythrophyllum Birdsey ex G. S. Bunting

红叶合果芋

2

S. podophyllum Schott

合果芋

2

S. triphyllum Birdsey ex Croat S. wendlandii Schott

2 绒叶合果芋

2 2

Typhonium 犁头尖属 T. albidinervum C. Z. Tang et H. Li

白脉犁头尖

2

T. calcicolum C. Y. Wu ex H. Li

单籽犁头尖

2

T. divaricatum (L.) Decne.

犁头尖

2

T. diversifolium Wall.

高原犁头尖

2

T. flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume

鞭檐犁头尖

2

T. giganteum Engl.

独角莲

2

101

102

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Araceae 天南星科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. jinpingense Z. L. Wang et H. Li

金平犁头尖

2

T. kunmingense H. Li

昆明犁头尖

2

T. larsenii S. Y. Hu

2

T. omeiense H. Li

西南犁头尖

2

T. roxburgii Schott

金慈姑

2

T. trilobatum (L.) Schott

马蹄犁头尖

2 2

Typhonodorum 暴风芋属 T. lindleyanum Schott

马达加斯加巨水芋

2

Xanthosoma 黄肉芋属

2

X. brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.

2

X. sagittifolium (L.) Schott

黄肉芋

2 2

Zamioculcas 雪铁芋属 Z. zamiifolia (Lodd.) Engl.

雪铁芋

2 2

Zantedeschia 马蹄莲属 Z. aethiopica (L.) Spreng.

马蹄莲

2

Z. albomaculata (Hook. f.) Bail.

白马蹄莲

2

Z. elliottiana Engl.

黄马蹄莲

2

Z. melanoleuca Engl.

紫心黄马蒂莲

2

Z. rehmanii Engl.

红马蹄莲

2

17. Araliaceae 五加科 Trees, shrubs or woody vines, rarely perennial herbs, spiny or spineless. Leaves alternate, rarely whorled, unifoliate, palmate or pinnate. Stipules usually merge with petiole base to form sheaths, rarely absent stipules. Flowers uniform, bisexual or polygamous (or dioecious), aggregated into umbels, capitals, racemes or spikes, usually ultimate conical multiple inflorescences. Bracts persistent or caducous, bracteoles insignificant. Pedicels often jointed below ovary and forming an articulation. Calyx connate tube with ovaries, margin wavy or sepal teeth; petals 5–10 or many, valvate or imbricate arranged, usually free, Kalopanax septemlobus 刺楸 rarely syngenesis capsid. Stamens alternate with petals, sometimes twice as many as petals, or indefinite, inserted at the edge of the disk. Filaments linear or tongue-shaped. Anther oblong or oval, and vertically. Ovary inferior, 2–15 locules, rarely 1 or indefinite. Styles as many as carpels, free, or below connate but upper free, or fully connate into a column. Styles rarely absent and stigma sessile on disk, disk upper and fleshy, flat conical or annular. Fruits a berry or drupe. Seeds usually flattened. About 50 genera and 1350 species widespread in tropical and subtropical regions over the world, less diverse in temperate areas.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

103

A total of 23 genera and 195 species found in China. Economic important genera in China include medicinally important Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Heteropanax, Panax and Tetrapanax, and ornamentally important Hedera, as well as both medicinally and ornamentally important Fatsia and Schefflera, and forestry important Kalopanax (timber). A total of 100 species and seven varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 29% (57/195) species and 83% (19/23) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-17

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Araliaceae

continued

Araliaceae 五加科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

2

× Fatshedera 熊掌木属 × F. lizei (Hort. ex Cochet) Guillaumin

Volume

熊掌木

2 2

Acanthopanax 五加属 A. evodiaefolius Franch.

吴茱萸五加

2

A. giraldii Harms

红毛五加

2

A. gracilistylus W. W. Smith

五加

2

A. gracilistylus var. nodiflorus (Dunn) Li

糙毛五加

2

A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms

糙叶五加

2

A. lasiogyne Harms

康定五加

2

A. leucorrhizus (Oliv.) Harms

藤五加

2

A. rehderianus Harms

匙叶五加

2

A. scandens Hoo

匍匐五加

2

A. senticosus (Rupr. Maxim.) Harms

刺五加

2

A. sessiliflorus (Rupr. Maxim.) Seem.

无梗五加

2

A. setchuenensis Harms

蜀五加

2

A. sieboldianus Makino

异株五加

2

A. simonii Schneid.

刚毛五加

2

A. sinensis Hoo

中华五加

2

A. trifoliatus (L.) Merr.

白簕

2

A. yui Li

云南五加

2 2

Aralia 楤木属 A. armata (Wall.) Seem.

虎刺楤木

2

A. californica S. Watson

加州楤木

2

A. chinensis L.

楤木

2

A. continentalis Kitagawa

东北土当归

2

A. cordata Thunb.

食用土当归

2

A. dasyphylla Miq.

头序楤木

2

A. decaisneana Hance

黄毛楤木

2

A. echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz.

棘茎楤木

2

A. elata (Miq.) Seem.

辽东楤木

2

A. elegans C. N. Ho

秀丽楤木

2

A. fargesii Franch.

龙眼独活

2

A. henryi Harms

柔毛龙眼独话

2

104

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Araliaceae 五加科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. racemosa L.

总序土当归

2

A. spinifolia Merr.

长刺楤木

2

A. thomsonii Seem.

云南楤木

2

A. yunnanensis Franch.

云南龙眼独活

2 2

Brassaiopsis 罗伞属 B. chengkangensis Hu

镇康罗伞

2

B. ciliata Dunn

纤齿罗伞

2

B. fatsioides Harms

盘叶柏那参

2

B. ferruginea (H. L. Li) G. Hoo

绣毛罗伞

2

B. ficifolia Dunn

榕叶罗伞

2

B. glomerulata (Blume) Ragel

罗伞

2

B. glomerulata var. coriacea (W. W. Smith) H. L. Li

厚叶罗伞

2

B. gracilis Hand.-Mazz.

细梗罗伞

2

B. hainla (Buch.-Ham.) Seem.

浅裂罗伞

2

B. nhatrangensis (Bui) J. Wen et Lowry

镰状罗伞

2

B. phanerophlebia (Merr. et Chun) C. N. Ho

显脉罗伞

2

B. producta (Dunn) C. B. Shang

尖苞罗伞

2

B. stellata K. M. Feng

星毛罗伞

2 2

Dendropanax 树参属 D. bilocularis C. N. Ho

双室树参

2

D. dentiger (Harms) Merr.

树参

2

D. hainanensis (Merr. et Chun) Chun

海南树参

2

D. proteus (Champ.) Benth.

变叶树参

2 2

Diplopanax 马蹄参属 D. stachyanthus Hand.-Mazz.

马蹄参

2 2

Euaraliopsis 掌叶树属 E. ciliata (Dunn) Hutch.

假通草

2

E. fatsioides (Harms) Hutch.

盘叶掌叶树

2

E. ferruginea (H. L. Li) G. Hoo et C. J. Tseng

锈毛掌叶树

2

E. palmipes (Forrest ex W. W. Smith) Hutch.

假柄掌叶树

2 2

Fatsia 八角金盘属 F. japonica (Thunb.) Decne. et Planch.

八角金盘

2

F. polycarpa Hayata

台湾八角金盘

2 2

Hedera 常春藤属 H. helix L.

洋常春藤

2

H. nepalensis K. Koch

常春藤

2 2

Heteropanax 幌伞枫属 H. fragrans (Roxb.) Seem.

幌伞枫

2

H. fragrans var. attenuatus C. B. Clarke

狭叶幌伞树

2 2

Kalopanax 刺楸属 K. septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz.

刺楸

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Araliaceae 五加科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 2

Macropanax 大参属 M. chienii Hoo

显脉大参

2

M. oreophilus Miq.

大参

2

M. rosthornii (Harms) C. Y. Wu ex Hoo

短梗大参

2

M. undulatus (Wall.) Seem.

波缘大参

2

M. undulatus var. simplex Li

单序波缘大参

2 2

Merrilliopanax 常春木属 M. listeri (King) Li

长梗常春木

2 2

Nothopanax 梁王茶属 N. davidii (Franch.) Harms ex Diels

异叶梁王茶

2

N. delavayi (Franch.) Harms ex Diels

掌叶梁王茶

2 2

Osmoxylon 兰屿加属 O. lineare (Merr.) Philipson

五爪木

2 2

Panax 人参属 P. ginseng C. A. Mey.

人参

2

P. japonicus (T. Nees) C. A. Mey.

竹节参

2

P. pseudoginseng Wall.

假人参

2

P. pseudoginseng var. notoginseng (Burkill) Hoo et Tseng

三七

2

P. quinquefolium L.

西洋参

2

P. stipuleanatus H. T. Tsai et K. M. Feng

屏边三七

2

P. zingiberensis C. Y. Wu et K. M. Feng

姜状三七

2 2

Polyscias 南洋参属 P. filicifolia (Ridley) Bailey

线叶南洋参

2

P. fruticosa (L.) Harms

南洋参

2

P. guilfoylei var. laciniata Bailey

银边南洋参

2

P. scutellaria (Burm. f.) Fosberg

圆叶南洋参

2 2

Schefflera 鹅掌柴属 S. actinophylla (Endl.) Harms

辐叶鹅掌柴

2

S. arboricola (Hayata) Merr.

鹅掌藤

2

S. bodinieri (Levl.) Rehd.

短序鹅掌柴

2

S. brevipedicellata Harms

多核鹅掌柴

2

S. chinensis (Dunn) Li

中华鹅掌柴

2

S. delavayi (Franch.) Harms ex Diels.

穗序鹅掌柴

2

S. elegantissima (Veitch ex Mast.) Lowry et Frodin

孔雀木

2

S. fengii Tseng et Hoo

文山鹅掌柴

2

S. hypoleuca (Kurz) Harms

白背叶鹅掌柴

2

S. kwangsiensis Merr. ex Li

广西鹅掌柴

2

S. lociana Grushv. et Skvortsova

谅山鹅掌柴

2

S. macrostachya (Benth.) Harms

澳洲鸭脚木

2

S. minutistellata Merr. ex Li

星毛鹅掌柴

2

S. octophylla (Lour.) Harms

鹅掌柴

2

105

106

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Araliaceae 五加科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. osyana (Veitch ex Regel) Frodin

手树

2

S. parvifoliolata Tseng et Hoo

小叶鹅掌柴

2

S. pauciflora R. Vig

球序鹅掌柴

2

S. producta (Dunn) Vig.

尾叶鹅掌柴

2

S. rubriflora Tseng et Hoo

红花鹅掌柴

2

S. venulosa (Wight et Arn.) Harms

密脉鹅掌柴

2 2

Tetrapanax 通脱木属 T. papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch

通脱木

2 2

Trevesia 刺通草属 T. palmata (Roxb.) Vis.

刺通草

2

T. palmata var. costata Li

棱果刺通草

2 2

Tupidanthus 多蕊木属 T. calyptratus Hook. f. et Thomson

多蕊木

2

18. Arecaceae 棕榈科 Shrubs, vines, or trees, usually unbranched, solitary or clustered, with smooth or rough surfaces, or spines, or with leave base or leaf scars of remnant old petioles, rarely pubescent. Leaves alternate, pinnate or palmate, rarely entire; petiole base usually elongated into fibrous sheaths. Flowers small, unisexual or bisexual, monoecious or dioecious, sometimes polygamous, forming branched or unbranched spike inflorescences, spikes usually large and multi-branched, surrounded by one or more sheathed or tubular spathe. Calyx and petals 3 each, separate or connate, imbricate or valvate arranged. Stamens usually 6, 2 whorled, rarely more or less. Anthers 2 celled, longitudinal fissures, basal or dorsal; staminodes usually present or absent. Ovary 1–3 locules or 3 carpels free or connate at base. Stigmas 3, usually sessile, ovules 1–2 in each carpel. Fruits a drupe or hard berry, 1–3 locules or 1–3 carpels; pericarp smooth or hairy, spiny, rough or covered with imbricate scales. Seeds usually 1, sometimes 2–3. About 183 genera and ca. 2450 species widespread in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Americas, Asia and Madagascar, and Pacific. Chuniophoenix hainanensis 琼棕 Roughly 77 species found in China. Many palm species are cultivated as ornamentals in botanical gardens and for commercial production, including those in subtropical and tropical regions of China. A total of 397 species and eight varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

107

A number of 70% (54/77) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-18

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Arecaceae

continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

2

Acoelorrhaphe 沼地棕属 A. wrightii (Griseb. et H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc.

Volume

沼地棕

2 2

Acrocomia 刺茎椰子属 A. aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.

刺干椰

2

A. crispa (Kunth) C. F. Baker ex Becc.

古巴肚椰

2 2

Actinokentia 叉叶椰属 A. divaricata (Brongn.) Dammer

叉序椰

A. calapparia (Blume) H. Wendl. et Drude ex Scheff.

马来椰

2 2

Adonidia 圣诞椰属 A. merrillii (Becc.) H. E. Moore

2 2

Actinorhytis 拱叶椰属

圣诞椰

2 2

Aiphanes 刺叶椰子属 A. caryotifolia (Kunth) H. Wendl.

刺孔雀椰子(刺叶榈)

2

A. eggersii Burret

埃格斯刺叶椰

2

A. minima (Gaertn.) Burret

米尼马刺叶椰

2 2

Allagoptera 香花椰子属 A. arenaria (M. Gómez) Kuntze

香花椰

2 2

Archontophoenix 假槟榔属 A. alexandrae (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. et Drude

假槟榔

2

A. cunninghamiana H. Wendl. et Drude

阔叶假槟榔

2

A. purpurea Hodel et Dowe

蒙特假槟榔

2 2

Areca 槟榔属 A. catechu L.

槟榔

2

A. concinna Thwaites

锡兰槟榔

2

A. triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.

三药槟榔

2

A. vestiaria Giseke

红冠槟榔

2 2

Arenga 桄榔属 A. australasica (H. Wendl. et Drude) S. T. Blake ex H. E. Moore

澳洲羽棕

2

A. caudata (Lour.) H. E. Moore

尾状羽棕

2

A. engleri Becc.

散尾棕

2

A. hastata (Becc.) Whitmore

鱼尾桄榔

2

A. hookeriana (Becc.) Whitmore

虎克棕

2

A. microcarpa Becc.

小果羽棕

2

A. obtusifolia Mart.

钝叶羽棕

2

A. pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.

砂糖椰子

2

A. tremula (Blanco) Becc.

鱼骨葵

2

A. undulatifolia Becc.

波叶桄榔

2

A. westerhoutii Griff.

桄榔

2 2

Astrocaryum 星果椰子属 A. alatum H. F. Loomis

具翼星果棕

2

108

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. malybo H. Karst.

星果刺椰子

2

A. mexicanum Liebm. ex Mart.

墨西哥星棕

2

A. murumuru Mart.

木鲁星果棕

2

A. standleyanum L. H. Bailey

黑星果椰

2 2

Attalea 直叶椰子属 A. amygdalina Kunth

杏叶直叶榈

2

A. cohune Mart.

亚达利棕

2

A. macrocarpa (H. Karst.) Wess. Boer

大果直叶榈

2

A. maripa (Aubl.) Mart.

马瑞帕亚达里棕

2

A. oleifera Barb. Rodr.

直叶榈

2

A. rostrata Oerst.

迤逦棕

2

A. speciosa Mart.

美丽亚达利棕

2

A. spectabilis Mart.

美丽直叶榈

2 2

Bactris 桃果椰子属 B. gasipaes Kunth

桃果榈

2

B. mexicana Mart.

墨西哥桃榈

2

B. militaris H. E. Moore

胃状桃榈

2 2

Balaka 矛椰属 B. longirostris Becc.

长喙巴拉卡椰

2 2

Basselinia 彩颈椰属 B. favieri H. E. Moore

费氏巴塞林椰子

2

B. glabrata Becc.

喀里多尼亚椰

2 2

Beccariophoenix 裂苞椰子属 B. madagascariensis Jum. et H. Perrier

贝卡利椰

B. nicobarica (Kurz) Becc.

尼可巴棕

霸王棕

2 2

Borassodendron 垂裂棕属 B. machadonis (Ridl.) Becc.

2 2

Bismarckia 霸王棕属 B. nobilis Hildebr. et H. Wendl.

2 2

Bentinckia 毛梗椰属

木糖棕

2 2

Borassus 糖棕属 B. aethiopum Mart.

埃塞俄比亚糖棕

2

B. flabellifer L.

糖棕

2 2

Brahea 石棕属 B. brandegeei (Purpus) H. E. Moore

高杆岩榈

2

B. edulis H. Wendl. ex S. Watson

甜岩榈

2 2

Brassiophoenix 三叉羽椰属 B. schumannii (Becc.) Essig

黄果布拉斯椰

2 2

Burretiokentia 裂柄椰属 B. hapala H. E. Moore

裂柄椰

2

B. vieillardii (Brongn. et Gris) Pic. Serm.

维拉裂柄椰

2 2

Butia 果冻椰子属 B. capitata (Mart.) Becc.

布迪椰

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc.

毛冻子椰子

2

B. paraguayensis (Barb. Rodr.) L. H. Bailey

巴拉圭布迪椰

2

B. yatay (Mart.) Becc.

高干布迪椰

2 2

Calamus 省藤属 C. acanthospathus Griff.

云南省藤

2

C. austroguangxiensis S. J. Pei et S. Y. Chen

桂南省藤

2

C. balansaeanus var. castaneolepis (C. F. Wei) S. J. Pei et S. Y. Chen

褐鳞省藤

2

C. caesius Blume

蓝灰省藤

2

C. compsostachys Burret

短轴省藤

2

C. dioicus Lour.

异株藤

2

C. erectus Roxb.

直立省藤

2

C. exilis Griff.

纤细省藤

2

C. flagellum Griff. ex Mart.

长鞭藤

2

C. gracilis Roxb.

细茎省藤

2

C. guruba Buch.-Ham.

褐鞘省藤

2

C. henryanus Becc.

滇南省藤

2

C. javensis Blume

细省藤

2

C. macrorrhynchus Burret

大喙省藤

2

C. nambariensis Becc.

南巴省藤

2

C. palustris Griff.

泽生藤

2

C. platyacanthus Warb. ex Becc.

宽刺藤

2

C. rhabdocladus Burret

杖藤

2

C. simplicifolius C. F. Wei

单叶省藤

2

C. tetradactylus Hance

白藤

2

C. thysanolepis Hance

毛鳞省藤

2

C. trachycoleus Becc.

粗鞘省藤

2

C. viminalis Willd.

柳条省藤

2

C. walkeri Hance

多果省藤

2 2

Calyptrocalyx 隐萼椰属 C. albertisianus Becc.

隐萼榈

2

C. elegans Becc.

盖萼棕

2

C. forbesii (Ridl.) Down et M. D. Ferrero

球状隐萼榈

2 2

Calyptrogyne 草椰属 C. ghiesbreghtiana (Linden et H. Wendl.) H. Wendl.

草椰

2

Carpentaria 北澳棕属 C. acuminata (H. Wendl. et Drude) Becc.

北澳棕

2 2

Carpoxylon 硬果椰属 C. macrospermum H. Wendl. et Drude

2

硬果椰

2 2

Caryota 鱼尾葵属 C. cumingii Lodd. ex Mart.

肯氏鱼尾葵

2

C. maxima Blume ex Mart.

鱼尾葵

2

C. mitis Lour.

短穗鱼尾葵

2

C. monostachya Becc.

单穗鱼尾葵

2

109

110

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. no Becc.

沙捞越鱼尾葵

2

C. obtusa Griff.

董棕

2

C. sympetala Gagnep.

丛生鱼尾葵

2

C. urens L.

孔雀椰子

2

C. zebrina Hambali et al.

斑纹鱼尾葵

2 2

Ceroxylon 蜡椰属 C. alpinum Bonpl. ex DC.

蜡椰

2

C. parvifrons (Engel) H. Wendl.

金蜡椰

2 2

Chamaedorea 竹节椰属 C. adscendens (Dammer) Burret

灰绿竹节椰

2

C. alternans H. Wendl.

互生竹节椰

2

C. anemophila Hodel

喜风竹节椰

2

C. cataractarum Mart.

缨络竹节椰

2

C. elegans Mart.

袖珍椰子

2

C. ernesti-augusti H. Wendl.

二裂竹节椰

2

C. falcifera H. E. Moore

镰叶竹节椰

2

C. glaucifolia H. Wendl.

粉绿竹节椰

2

C. klotzschiana H. Wendl.

克罗齐竹节椰

2

C. metallica O. F. Cook ex H. E. Moore

金光竹节椰(鱼尾椰子)

2

C. microspadix Burret

小穗竹节椰子

2

C. nationsiana Hodel et Cast. Mont

玉米椰

2

C. oblongata Mart.

长叶竹节椰

2

C. radicalis Mart.

基生竹节椰

2

C. schiedeana Mart.

沙依德竹节椰

2

C. seifrizii Burret

竹节椰子

2

C. tepejilote Liebm.

胀节竹节椰

2 2

Chamaerops 矮棕属 C. humilis var. argentea André

银叶欧洲矮棕

2

C. humilis var. humilis L.

欧洲矮棕

2 2

Chambeyronia 茶梅椰属 C. macrocarpa (Brongn.) Vieill. ex Becc.

大果红心椰

2

C. macrocarpa var. hooker Becc.

红叶青春葵

2 2

Chuniophoenix 琼棕属 C. hainanensis Burret

琼棕

2

C. nana Burret

矮琼棕

2 2

Coccothrinax 银棕属 C. argentata (Jacquin) L. H. Bailey.

银棕

2

C. argentea (Lodd. ex Schult. et Schult. f.) Sarg. ex Becc.

银扇葵

2

C. barbadensis (Lodd. ex Mart.) Becc.

巴巴银棕

2

C. crinita (Griseb. et H. Wendl. ex C. H. Wright) Becc.

老人棕

2

C. cupularis (León) O. Muñiz et Borhidi

壳斗银棕

2

C. fragrans Burret

香银棕

2

C. gracilis Burret

纤细银棕

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. miraguama (Kunth) Becc.

尖叶银棕

2

C. moaensis (Borhidi et O. Muñiz) O. Muñiz

莫阿银棕

2

C. readii H. J. Quero

射叶银棕

2

C. spissa L. H. Bailey

膨茎银棕

2

C. yuraguana (A. Rich.) León

古巴银棕

2 2

Cocos 椰子属 C. nucifera L.

椰子

2

Colpothrinax 瓶棕属 C. wrightii Griseb. et H. Wendl. ex Voss

2

瓶棕

2 2

Copernicia 蜡棕属 C. alba Morong

白蜡棕

2

C. baileyana León

贝利蜡棕

2

C. berteroana Becc.

柏氏蜡棕

2

C. fallaensis León

福来蜡棕

2

C. macroglossa H. Wendl. ex Becc.

大舌蜡棕

2

C. prunifera (Mill.) H. E. Moore

巴西蜡棕

2

C. rigida Britton et P. Wilson

立叶蜡棕

2 2

Corypha 贝叶棕属 C. umbraculifera L.

贝叶棕

2

C. utan Lam.

金丝棕

2 2

Cryosophila 根刺棕属 C. albida H. H. Bartlett

根刺棕

2

C. guagara P. H. Allen

瓜格拉根刺棕

2

C. warscewiczii (H. Wendl.) Bartlett

华西威根刺棕

2 2

Cyphophoenix 膨颈椰属 C. nucele H. E. Moore

短柄弯喙椰

C. balansae H. Wendland ex Benth. et Hook. f.

瘤籽椰

2 2

Cyrtostachys 猩红椰属 C. renda Blume

2 2

Cyphosperma 肿瘤椰属

红槟榔

2 2

Daemonorops 黄藤属 D. angustifolia (Griff.) Mart.

狭叶黄藤

2

D. jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart.

黄藤

2

D. longistipes Burret

长柄黄藤

2 2

Deckenia 华丽刺椰属 D. nobilis H. Wendl. ex Seem.

华丽刺椰

2

Desmoncus 椰藤属 D. orthacanthos Mart.

直刺美洲藤

2 2

Dictyocaryum 金椰属 D. lamarckianum (Mart.) H. Wendl.

2

金椰

2 2

Dictyosperma 飓风椰属 D. album (Bory) Scheff.

公主棕

2

D. album var. aureum Balf. f.

金飓风椰

2

111

112

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. rubrum H. Wendl. et Drude

红飓风椰

2 2

Drymophloeus 木果椰属 D. hentyi (Essig) Zona

阔羽棕

2

D. litigiosus (Becc.) H. E. Moore

利提基木皮椰

2

D. subdistichus (H. E. Moore) H. E. Moore

分歧木果榈

2 2

Dypsis 金果椰属 D. albofarinosa Hodel et Marcus

白粉金果椰

2

D. baronii (Becc.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

秀丽散尾葵

2

D. cabadae (H. E. Moore) Beentje et J. Dransf.

卡巴达散尾葵

2

D. carlsmithii J. Dransf. et Marcus

卡尔金果椰

2

D. catatiana (Baill.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

红叶散尾葵

2

D. concinna Baker

美丽散尾葵

2

D. decaryi (Jum.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

三角椰

2

D. decipiens (Becc.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

鸳鸯椰子

2

D. fibrosa (C. H. Wright) Beentje et J. Dransf.

多毛散尾葵

2

D. hildebrandtii (Baill.) Becc.

智利喜金果椰

2

D. lanceolata (Becc.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

阔叶散尾葵

2

D. lastelliana (Baill.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

拉氏红领椰

2

D. leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje et J. Dransf.

红领椰

2

D. lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

散尾葵

2

D. madagascariensis (Becc.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

马岛散尾葵

2

D. mcdonaldiana Beentje

麦当劳散尾葵

2

D. onilahensis (Jum. et H. Perrier) Beentje et J. Dransf.

安尼拉西散尾葵

2

D. perrieri (Jum.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

佩里散尾葵

2

D. pinnatifrons Mart.

迷人散尾葵

2

D. rivularis (Jum. et H. Perrier) Beentje et J. Dransf.

江边散尾葵

2

D. saintelucei Beentje

圣卢斯散尾葵

2

D. utilis (Jum.) Beentje et J. Dransf.

拟散尾葵

2 2

Elaeis 油棕属 E. guineensis Jacq.

油棕

2

E. oleifera (Kunth) Cortés

美洲油棕

2 2

Euterpe 纤叶椰属 E. edulis Mart.

可食纤叶椰

2

E. oleracea Mart.

纤叶椰

2

E. precatoria Mart.

马纳卡纤叶椰

2 2

Gaussia 玛雅椰属 G. attenuata (O. F. Cook) Becc.

加西雅棕

2

G. maya (O. F. Cook) H. J. Quero et Read

马亚高斯椰

2

G. princeps H. Wendl.

高斯椰

2 2

Geonoma 苇椰属 G. longivaginata H. Wendl. ex Spruce

长鞘苇棕

2

G. schottiana Mart.

巴西苇椰

2

Gronophyllum 长瓣槟榔属

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. microcarpum Scheff.

南格拉棕

2 2

Guihaia 石山棕属 G. argyrata (S. K. Lee et F. N. Wei) S. K. Lee, F. N. Wei et J. Dransf.

石山棕

2

G. grossifibrosa (Gagnep.) J. Dransf., S. K. Lee et F. N. Wei

两广石山棕

2 2

Heterospathe 异苞椰属 H. delicatula H. E. Moore

无茎异苞椰

2

H. elata Scheff.

异苞椰

2 2

Howea 豪爵椰属 H. belmoreana (C. Moore et F. Muell.) Becc.

荷威椰

2

H. forsteriana (F. Muell. et H. Wendl.) Becc.

平叶荷威椰

2 2

Hydriastele 水柱椰属 H. microspadix (Warb. ex K. Schum. et Lauterb.) Burret

小穗水柱椰子

2

H. pinangoides (Becc.) W. J. Baker et Loo

红叶水柱椰

2

H. selebica (Becc.) W. J. Baker et Loo

2 2

Hyophorbe 酒瓶椰属 H. indica Gaertn.

印度酒瓶椰

2

H. lagenicaulis (L. H. Bailey) H. E. Moore

酒瓶椰

2

H. verschaffeltii H. Wendl.

棍棒椰

2 2

Hyphaene 叉茎棕属 H. coriacea Gaertn.

姜果棕

2

H. thebaica (L.) Mart.

分枝姜果棕

2 2

Iguanura 彩果椰属 I. polymorpha Becc.

多形彩果棕

2

I. wallichiana (Mart.) Becc.

瓦理彩果椰

2 2

Iriartea 南美椰属 I. deltoidea Ruiz et Pav.

根柱椰

J. altifrons H. E. Moore

苏门答腊棕

智利椰

肯托椰

泰国棕

2 2

Laccospadix 白轴椰属 L. australasicus H. Wendl. et Drude

2 2

Kerriodoxa 泰棕属 K. elegans J. Dransf.

2 2

Kentiopsis 橄榄椰属 K. oliviformis (Brongn. et Gris) Brongn.

2 2

Jubaea 智利椰子属 J. chilensis (Molina) Baill.

2 2

Johannesteijsmannia 菱叶棕属

白轴椰

2 2

Lanonia 拉诺棕属 L. dasyantha (Burret) A. J. Hend. et C. D. Bacon

毛花拉诺棕

2

L. hainanensis (A. J. Hend., Guo et Barfod) A. J. Hend. et C. D. Bacon

海南拉诺棕

2 2

Latania 红脉葵属 L. loddigesii Mart.

蓝脉葵

2

L. lontaroides (Gaertn.) H. E. Moore

红脉葵

2

L. verschaffeltii Lem.

黄脉葵

2

113

114

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

2

Leucothrinax 白叶扇葵属 L. morrisii (H. Wendl.) C. Lewis et Zona

Volume

白叶扇葵

2 2

Licuala 轴榈属 L. densiflora Becc.

密花轴榈

2

L. ferruginea Becc.

锈色轴榈

2

L. flabellum Mart.

扇叶轴榈

2

L. fordiana Becc.

穗花轴榈

2

L. grandis H. Wendl.

圆叶轴榈

2

L. lauterbachii Dammer et K. Schum.

红果轴榈

2

L. mattanensis Becc.

大轴榈

2

L. peltata var. sumawongii Saw

盾叶轴榈

2

L. ramsayi (F. Muell.) Domin

澳洲轴榈

2

L. sarawakensis Becc.

沙捞越轴榈

2

L. scortechinii becc.

风车轴榈

2

L. spinosa Thunb.

刺轴榈

2

L. triphylla Griff.

三叶轴榈

2 2

Linospadix 手杖椰属 L. monostachyos (Mart.) H. Wendl.

单穗手杖椰

2 2

Livistona 蒲葵属 L. australis (R. Br.) Mart.

澳洲蒲葵

2

L. benthamii F. M. Bailey

边沁蒲葵

2

L. chinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mart.

蒲葵

2

L. decora (W. Bull) Dowe

裂叶蒲葵

2

L. fengkaiensis X. W. Wei et M. Y. Xiao

封开蒲葵

2

L. inermis R. Br.

2

L. jenkinsiana Griff.

杰金氏蒲葵

2

L. lorophylla Becc.

罗若裂叶蒲葵

2

L. mariae F. Muell.

玛利蒲葵

2

L. merrillii (Becc.) Bacon et W. J. Baker

梅里蒲葵

2

L. muelleri F. M. Bailey

茂裂蒲葵

2

L. nitida Rodd

光亮蒲葵

2

L. rigida Becc.

马塔兰卡蒲葵

2

L. rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart.

圆叶蒲葵

2

L. saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex A. Chev.

大叶蒲葵

2

L. speciosa Kurz

美丽蒲葵

2

L. woodfordii Ridl.

棉毛蒲葵

2 2

Lytocaryum 小穴椰子属 L. weddellianum (H. Wendl.) Toledo

迷你椰子

2

Manicaria 袖苞椰属 M. saccifera Gaertn.

袖苞椰

Mauritia 毛瑞特榈属

2 2

Masoala 多梗苞椰属 M. kona Beentje

2

非洲榈

2 2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. carana Wallace ex Archer

单杆鳞果棕(毛瑞榈)

2

M. flexuosa L. f.

毛瑞特榈

2 2

Mauritiella 南美棕属 M. armata (Mart.) Burret

巴西榈

N. ritchiana (Griff.) Aitch.

阿富汗棕

粗穗南格槟榔

斯托克椰

黑孤尾椰

酒果椰

尼邦多刺椰

2 2

Oraniopsis 昆士兰椰属 O. appendiculata (F. M. Bailey) J. Dransf., A. K. Irvine et N. W. Uhl

2 2

Oncosperma 尼梆刺椰属 O. tigillarium (Jack) Ridl.

2 2

Oenocarpus 酒果椰属 O. bacaba Mart.

2 2

Normanbya 黑狐尾椰属 N. normanbyi (W. Hill) L. H. Bailey

2 2

Neoveitchia 纵花椰属 N. storckii (H. Wendl.) Becc.

2 2

Nenga 密穗槟榔属 N. pumila var. pachystachy (Blume) Fernando

2 2

Nannorrhops 寒棕属

昆士兰椰子

2 2

Parajubaea 脊果椰子属 P. cocoides Burret

脊果椰

2

P. torallyi (Mart.) Burret

大脊果椰

2 2

Pelagodoxa 凤尾椰属 P. henryana Becc.

银叶凤凰椰

2 2

Phoenix 刺葵属 P. acaulis Roxb.

无茎刺葵

2

P. canariensis Chabaud

加拿利海枣

2

P. dactylifera L.

海枣

2

P. loureiroi Kunth

刺葵

2

P. loureiroi var. pedunculata (Griff.) Govaerts

山刺葵

2

P. paludosa Roxb.

沼生刺葵(泰国海枣)

2

P. pusilla Gaertn.

锡兰刺葵

2

P. reclinata Jacq.

非洲海枣(垂枝刺葵)

2

P. roebelenii O’Brien

软叶刺葵

2

P. rupicola T. Anderson

岩海枣

2

P. sylvestris (L.) Roxb.

银海枣

2

P. theophrastii Greuter

克利特海枣

2 2

Physokentia 菱子椰属 P. petiolata (Burret) D. Fuller

红序瓦奴亚椰

2

Phytelephas 象牙椰子属 P. aequatorialis Spruce

2

厄瓜多尔象牙椰

2 2

Pinanga 山槟榔属 P. adangensis Ridl.

阿当山槟榔

2

P. baviensis Becc.

变色山槟榔

2

115

116

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. caesia Blume

红冠山槟榔

2

P. coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume

美冠山槟榔

2

P. gracilis Blume

纤细山槟榔

2

P. hexasticha (Kurz) Scheff.

六列山槟榔

2

P. insignis Becc.

黑茎山槟榔

2

P. macroclada Burret

长枝山竹

2

P. philippinensis Becc.

紫冠山槟榔

2

P. scortechinii Becc.

黄冠山槟榔

2

P. sylvestris (Lour.) Hodel

华山竹

2

P. tashiroi Hayata

兰屿山槟榔

2 2

Plectocomia 钩叶藤属 P. elongata Mart. et Blume

长钩叶藤

2

P. microstachys Burret

小钩叶藤

2

P. pierreana Becc.

钩叶藤

2 2

Polyandrococos 多蕊椰子属 P. caudescens (Mart.) Barb. Rodr.

多蕊椰

2 2

Ponapea 石坛椰属 P. hosinoi Kaneh.

奇异黑金椰子

2

P. ledermanniana Becc.

坡那佩椰子

2 2

Pritchardia 金棕属 P. hillebrandii Becc.

灰背金棕

2

P. martii H. Wendl.

马特金棕

2

P. pacifica Seem. et H. Wendl.

斐济金棕

2

P. schattaueri Hodel

金棕

2

P. thurstonii F. Muell. et Drude

比查椰子(杜氏金棕)

2 2

Pseudophoenix 樱桃椰属 P. ekmanii Burret

多米尼加樱桃椰

2 2

Ptychosperma 射叶椰属 P. burretianum Essig

巴提皱籽椰

2

P. cuneatum (Burret) Burret

昆奈青棕

2

P. elegans (R. Br.) Blume

秀丽皱籽椰

2

P. lineare (Burret) Burret

紫果穴穗椰(穴穗射叶椰)

2

P. macarthurii (H. Wendl. ex H. J. Veitch) H. Wendl. ex Hook. f.

青棕

2

P. microcarpum (Burret) Burret

小果皱籽椰

2

P. propinquum (Becc.) Becc. ex Martelli

洋皱籽椰

2

P. salomonense Burret

所罗门皱籽椰

2

P. sanderianum Ridl.

圣德皱籽椰

2

P. schefferi Becc. ex Martelli

红果穴穗棕

2

P. waitianum Essig

威提皱籽椰

2 2

Raphia 酒椰属 R. australis Oberm. et Strey

澳洲酒椰

2

R. farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl.

粉酒椰

2

R. taedigera (Mart.) Mart.

南美酒椰

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. vinifera P. Beauv.

酒椰

2 2

Ravenea 国王椰属 R. glauca Jum. et H. Perrier

小国王椰

2

R. hildebrandtii H. Wendl. ex C. D. Bouché

兰尼国王椰

2

R. rivularis Jum. et H. Perrier

国王椰子

2

R. xerophila Jum.

喜旱国王椰

2 2

Reinhardtia 窗孔椰属 R. gracilis (H. Wendl.) Burret

美兰葵

2

R. simplex (H. Wendl.) Burret

单叶窗孔椰

2 2

Rhapidophyllum 针棕属 R. hystrix (Fraser ex Thouin) H. Wendl. et Drude

针棕

2 2

Rhapis 棕竹属 R. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Mart.

越南棕竹

2

R. excelsa (Thunb.) Henry

棕竹

2

R. filiformis Burret

广西棕竹

2

R. gracilis Burret

细叶棕竹

2

R. humilis Blume

矮棕竹

2

R. laosensis Becc.

老挝棕竹

2

R. macrantha Gagnep.

大花棕竹

2

R. multifida Burret

多裂棕竹

2

R. robusta Burret

粗棕竹

2

R. subtilis Becc.

薄叶棕竹

2 2

Rhopaloblaste 棒椰属 R. augusta (Kurz) H. E. Moore

长条榈

R. melanochaetes (H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Balf. f.

2 2

Roscheria 双花刺椰属 双花刺椰

2 2

Roystonea 王椰属 R. altissima (Mill.) H. E. Moore

高背王椰

2

R. borinquena O. F. Cook

海地大王椰

2

R. dunlapiana P. H. Allen

东菜大王椰

2

R. oleracea (Jacq.) O. F. Cook

菜王椰

2

R. regia (Kunth) O. F. Cook

大王椰子

2 2

Sabal 箬棕属 S. bermudana L. H. Bailey

百慕大箬棕

2

S. causiarum (O. F. Cook) Becc.

巨箬棕

2

S. domingensis Becc.

大叶箬棕

2

S. etonia Swingle ex Nash

小叶箬棕

2

S. maritima (Kunth) Burret

牙买加箬棕

2

S. mauritiiformis (H. Karst.) Griseb. et H. Wendl.

灰绿箬棕

2

S. mexicana Mart.

墨西哥箬棕

2

S. minor (Jacq.) Pers.

小箬棕

2

S. palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schult. et Schult. f.

箬棕

2

S. rosei (O. F. Cook) Becc.

粉红箬棕

2

117

118

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. yapa C. Wright ex Becc.

雅帕萨箬棕

2 2

Salacca 蛇皮果属 S. secunda Griff.

滇西蛇皮果

2

S. wallichiana Mart.

瓦理蛇皮果

2

S. zalacca (Gaetn.) Voss

蛇皮果

2 2

Satakentia 琉球椰属 S. liukiuensis (Hatus.) H. E. Moore

琉球椰

2

Schippia 单心棕属 S. concolor Burret

康科罗棕

锯箬棕

2 2

Socratea 高跷椰属 S. exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendl.

2 2

Serenoa 锯棕属 S. repens (W. Bartram) Small

2

高根柱椰

2 2

Syagrus 皇后葵属 S. amara (Jacq.) Mart.

马提尼榈

2

S. coronata (Mart.) Becc.

美冠皇后葵

2

S. macrocarpa Barb. Rodr.

纤叶皇后葵

2

S. oleracea (Mart.) Becc.

药用皇后葵

2

S. orinocensis (Spruce) Burret

丛生西雅棕

2

S. romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman

皇后葵

2

S. sancona (Kunth) H. Karst.

沙西雅棕

2

S. schizophylla (Mart.) Glassman

裂叶皇后葵

2

S. tessmannii Burr.

德森西雅椰子

2 2

Synechanthus 巧椰属 S. warscewiczianus H. Wendl.

异叶巧椰

2 2

Thrinax 豆棕属 T. excelsa Lodd. ex Mart.

扇葵

2

T. parviflora Sweet

小花扇葵

2

T. radiata Lodd. ex Schult. et Schult. f.

团叶扇葵

2 2

Trachycarpus 棕榈属 T. fortunei (Hook.) H. Wendl.

棕榈

2

T. latisectus Spanner, Noltie et M. Gibbons

山棕榈

2

T. martianus (Wall. ex Mart.) H. Wendl.

雪山棕榈(山棕榈)

2

T. nanus Becc.

龙棕

2

T. takil Becc.

塔基棕榈

2 2

Trithrinax 长刺棕属 T. brasiliensis Mart.

长刺棕

2

T. campestris (Burmeist.) Drude et Griseb.

阿根廷长刺棕

2 2

Veitchia 圣诞椰属 V. arecina Becc.

蒙哥马利椰

2

V. filifera (H. Wendl.) H. E. Moore

无柄维奇椰

2

V. joannis H. Wendl.

维奇椰

2

V. spiralis H. Wendl.

螺旋维奇椰

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Arecaceae 棕榈科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

V. winin H. E. Moore

黑金椰子

2 2

Verschaffeltia 竹马刺椰属 V. splendida H. Wendl.

竹马刺椰

2 2

Wallichia 瓦理棕属 W. caryotoides Roxb.

琴叶瓦理棕

2

W. disticha T. Anderson

二列瓦理棕

2

W. gracilis Becc.

瓦理棕

2

W. oblongifolia Griff.

密花瓦理棕

2

W. siamensis Becc.

泰国瓦理棕

2 2

Washingtonia 华盛顿棕属 W. filifera (Linden ex André) H. Wendl. ex de Bary

毛华盛顿棕

2

W. robusta H. Wendl.

华盛顿棕

2 2

Wettinia 绳序椰属 W. hirsuta Burret

哥伦比亚维提椰

2 2

Wodyetia 狐尾椰属 W. bifurcata A. K. Irvine

狐尾椰

2

19. Aristolochiaceae 马兜铃科 Perennial herbs, shrubs or trees, rarely woody vines. Roots, stems and leaves often with oil cells. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, blade entire or 3–5-lobed, usually pinnately veined, basal cordate without stipules. Flowers bisexual, pedicellate, solitary, clustered or arranged in racemes, cymes or corymbs, terminal, axillary or on old stems, usually bright in color and rotten smell. Petals zygomorphic or actinomorphic, often 1-whorled, rarely 2-whorled, perianth mostly connate into distinct tube, or campanulate or funnelform, or subglobose or other shapes in base; upper part discoid, pot-shaped or cylindrical, with regular or irregular 3-lobed or extend on one side into 1–2 ligulate, lobes valvate. Stamens 6 to numerous, 1 or 2 whorled. Filaments short, free or adnate with style and anther to form synstigma. Anthers 2-loculed, parallel, outward dehiscence longitudinal. Ovary inferior to superior, 4–6-locule, carpel free or connate only at the base. Style short and thick, free or connate. Fruits a capsule, rarely follicular or siliquiform, or berrylike. Seeds numerous, coat hard or crustaceous, shapes obovate, obconical, elliptic, obtuse triangular. About eight genera and 450–600 species occur,

Aristolochia elegans 美丽马兜铃

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mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Four genera (one endemic) and 88 species occur in China. A total of 56 species, two varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 51% (45/88) species and 75% (3/4) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-19

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Aristolochiaceae

continued

Aristolochiaceae 马兜铃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 2

Aristolochia 马兜铃属 A. arborea Lindl.

木本马兜铃

2

A. bambusifolia C. F. Liang ex H. Q. Wen

竹叶马兜铃

2

A. caulialata C. J. Wu ex J. S. Ma et C. Y. Cheng

翅茎马兜铃

2

A. championii Merr. et Chun

长叶马兜铃

2

A. chlamydophylla C. Y. Wu ex S. M. Hwang

苞叶马兜铃

2

A. contorta Bunge

北马兜铃

2

A. debilis Siebold et Zucc.

马兜铃

2

A. elegans Mast.

美丽马兜铃

2

A. fangchi Y. C. Wu ex L. D. Chow et S. M. Hwang

广防己

2

A. fimbriata Cham.

流苏马兜铃

2

A. fordiana Hemsl.

通城虎

2

A. fulvicoma Merr. et Chun

黄毛马兜铃

2

A. gibertii Hook.

烟斗马兜铃

2

A. gigantea Mart. et Zucc.

巨花马兜铃

2

A. grandiflora Swartz

大花马兜铃

2

A. griffithii Hook. f. et Thomson ex Duchartre

西藏马兜铃

2

A. hainanensis Merr.

海南马兜铃

2

A. impressinervis C. F. Liang

凹脉马兜铃

2

A. indica L.

印度马兜铃

2

A. kaempferi Willd.

大叶马兜铃

2

A. kaempferi f. heterophylla (Hemsl.) S. M. Hwang

异叶马兜铃

2

A. kwangsiensis Chun et How ex C. F. Liang

广西马兜铃

2

A. longgangensis C. F. Liang

弄岗通城虎

2

A. manshuriensis Kom.

木通马兜铃

2

A. mollissima Hance

寻骨风

2

A. moupinensis Franch.

宝兴马兜铃

2

A. obliqua S. M. Hwang

偏花马兜铃

2

A. petelotii O. C. Schmidt

滇南马兜铃

2

A. ringens Vahl

开口马兜铃

2

A. tagala Cham.

耳叶马兜铃

2

A. thibetica Franch.

川西马兜铃

2

A. tuberosa C. F. Liang et S. M. Hwang

背蛇生

2

A. tubiflora Dunn

管花马兜铃

2

A. versicolor S. M. Hwang

变色马兜铃

2

A. yunnanensis Franch.

云南马兜铃/南木香

2

A. zollingeriana Miq.

港口马兜铃

2

Asarum 细辛属

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Aristolochiaceae 马兜铃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. asaroides (C. Morren et Decne.) Makino

粗根细辛

2

A. caudigerum Hance

尾花细辛

2

A. caudigerum var. cardiophyllum (Franch.) C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang

花叶尾花细辛

2

A. caulescens Maxim.

双叶细辛

2

A. chinense Franch.

川北细辛

2

A. debile Franch.

铜钱细辛

2

A. delavayi Franch.

川滇细辛

2

A. forbesii Maxim.

杜衡

2

A. fukienense C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang

福建细辛

2

A. geophilum Hemsl.

地花细辛

2

A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag.

辽细辛

2

A. himalaicum Hook. f. et Thoms. ex Klotzsch.

单叶细辛

2

A. ichangense C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang

小叶马蹄香

2

A. insigne Diels

金耳环

2

A. macranthum Hook. f.

大花细辛

2

A. magnificum Tsiang ex C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang

祈阳细辛

2

A. maximum Hemsl.

大叶马蹄香

2

A. petelotii O. C. Schmidt

红金耳环

2

A. pulchellum Hemsl.

长毛细辛

2

A. sagittarioides C. F. Liang

山慈姑

2

A. sieboldii Miq.

细辛

2

A. splendens (Maekawa) C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang

花脸细辛

2 2

Saruma 马蹄香属 S. henryi Oliv.

马蹄香

2

20. Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Perennial herbs, shrubs, or climbing shrubs always with milky latex, sometimes less milky clear juicy. Woody roots with fleshy lumps. Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, margin entire, pinnate veins, petiolate. Petiole apex usually with clustered glands, rarely leafless; usually without stipules. Inflorescences terminal, axillary cymes usually umbrella-shaped, sometimes corymbose or racemose. Flowers bisexual, regularly petals 5. Calyx tube short, lobes 5, double imbricate or valvate arranged, corona usually exists, consisting 5 or more free or basally connate lobes or scales, sometimes double-whorled on corolla tube or on the dorsal part of stamens or on gynostegium, rarely degenerated into 2 line hairs or protuberances. Stamens 5, usually inserted at base of corolla tube and adhering to stigma head to form gynostegium. Anthers 4-celled (Periplocoideae and Secamonoideae) or 2-celled (Asclepiadoideae), often

Hoya rotundiflora 方叶球兰

121

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with a membranous apical appendage; pollen tetrads contained loosely on a spatulate with a basal corpusculum (Periplocoideae), or pollen united into waxy pollinia. Absent disc, ovary superior, two carpels free, style 2 connate, stigma base 5-edged and head fleshy, ovules numerous. Fruit of 1 or 2 follicles. Seeds numerous. Some 250 genera and >2000 species, widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, mostly in Africa, southern South America and northern and southeastern Asia. A total of 46 genera (four endemic) and 277 species found in China. A total of 315 species, six subspecies, four varieties and one formas of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 35.74% (99/277) species and 74% (34/46) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-20

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Asclepiadaceae

continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. gracillimum (Wall. ex Wight) Hook. f.

Volume 2

Adelostemma 乳突果属 乳突果

2 2

Asclepias 马利筋属 A. curassavica L.

马利筋

2

A. syriaca L.

西亚马利筋

2 2

Biondia 秦岭藤属 B. yunnanensis (H. Lév.) Tsiang

短叶秦岭藤

2

Brachystelma 润肺草属 B. edule Collett et Hemsl.

2

润肺草

2 2

Calotropis 牛角瓜属 C. gigantea (L.) W. T. Aiton

牛角瓜

2

C. procera (L.) Dry. ex Ait. f.

白花牛角瓜

2 2

Caralluma 水牛角属 C. caudata B. B. Br.

尾花角

2

C. europaea (Guss.) N. E. Br.

水牛角

2

C. foetida E. A. Bruce

唐人棒

2

C. nebrownii A. Berger

水牛掌

2

C. speciosa (N. E. Br.) N. E. Br.

白角犀牛

2 2

Ceropegia 吊灯花属 C. bulbosa Roxb.

八云

2

C. debilis ssp. debilis (N. E. Br.) H. Huber

狭叶吊金钱

2

C. dichotoma Haw.

肉茎吊灯花

2

C. mairei (Levl.) H. Huber.

金雀马尾参

2

C. pubescens Wall.

西藏吊灯花

2

C. salicifolia H. Huber

柳叶吊灯花

2

C. trichantha Hemsl.

吊灯花

2

C. woodii Schltr.

吊金钱

2 2

Cryptolepis 白叶藤属 C. dubia (Burm. f.) M. R. Almeida

古钩藤

2

C. sinensis (Lour.) Merr.

白叶藤

2 2

Cryptostegia 桉叶藤属 C. grandiflora R. Br.

桉叶藤

2

C. madagascarensis Bojer.

橡胶紫茉莉

2 2

Cynanchum 鹅绒藤属 C. acutum ssp. sibiricum (Willdenow) K. H. Rechinger

戟叶鹅绒藤

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. alatum Wight et Arn.

翅果杯冠藤

2

C. amplexicaule var. castaneum Makino

紫花合掌消

2

C. atratum Bunge

白薇

2

C. auriculatum Reyle ex Wight

牛皮消

2

C. callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight

美翼杯冠藤

2

C. chekiangense M. Cheng ex Tsiang

蔓剪草

2

C. corymbosum Wight

刺瓜

2

C. forrestii Schltr.

大理白前

2

C. glaucescens (Decne.) Hard.-Mazz.

白前

2

C. kashgaricum Liou f.

喀什牛皮消

2

C. marnierianum Rauh

烛台白前

2

C. mongolicum (Maxim.) Hemsl.

华北白前

2

C. otophyllum Schneid.

青羊参

2

C. paniculatum (Bunge) Kitagawa

徐长卿

2

C. rossicum Borhidi

2

C. stauntonii (Decne.) Schltr. ex H. Lév.

柳叶白前

2

C. stenophyllum Hemsl.

狭叶白前

2

C. thesioides (Freyn) K. Schum.

地梢瓜

2

C. wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl.

隔山消

2 2

Dischidia 眼树莲属 D. albiflora Griff.

贝壳叶眼树藤

2

D. chinensis Champ. ex Benth.

眼树莲

2

D. hirsuta (Blume) Decne.

毛叶眼树莲

2

D. nummularia R. Br.

小叶眼树莲

2

D. oiantha Schltr.

串钱藤

2

D. ruscifolia Decne. ex Becc.

百万心

2

D. tonkinensis Cost.

河内眼树莲

2

D. vidalii Becc.

青蛙藤

2 2

Dregea 南山藤属 D. sinensis Hemsl.

苦绳

2

D. volubilis (L. f.) Benth ex Hook. f.

南山藤

2 2

Duvalia 玉牛角属 D. angustiloba N. E. Br.

司牛角

E. cereiformis Hook. f.

柱状苦瓜掌

火星人

须花藤

钝钉头果

纤冠藤

勐腊藤

2 2

Graphistemma 天星藤属 G. pictum (Benth.) B. D. Jacks.

2 2

Goniostemma 勐腊藤属 G. punctatum Tsiang et P. T. Li

2 2

Gongronema 纤冠藤属 G. napalense (Wall.) Decne.

2 2

Gomphocarpus 钉头果属 G. physocarpus E. Mey.

2 2

Genianthus 须花藤属 G. laurifolius (Roxb.) Hook. f.

2 2

Fockea 水根藤属 F. edulis (Thunb.) K. Schum

2 2

Echidnopsis 青龙角属

天星藤

2

123

124

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 2

Gymnema 匙羹藤属 G. inodorum (Lour.) Decne

广东匙羹藤

2

G. latifolium Wall. ex Wight

宽叶匙羹藤

2

G. sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.

匙羹藤

2 2

Heterostemma 醉魂藤属 H. alatum Wight

醉魂藤

2

H. oblongifolium Cost.

催乳藤

2

H. siamicum Craib

心叶醉魂藤

2

H. villosum var. menghaiensis H. Zhu et H. Wang

勐海醉魂藤

2

H. wallichii Wight

云南醉魂藤

2 2

Hoodia 丽杯角属 H. gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne.

丽杯角

2 2

Hoya 球兰属 H. acicularis T. Green et Kloppenb.

刺球兰

2

H. acuta Haw.

尖叶球兰

2

H. alagensis Kloppenburg

奥拉球兰

2

H. aldrichii Hemsl.

奥德里奇球兰

2

H. anulata Schltr.

环冠球兰

2

H. archboldiana C. Norman

大花球兰

2

H. ariadna Decne.

爱雷尔球兰

2

H. arnottiana Wight

阿诺球兰

2

H. australis ssp. rupicola (K. D. Hill) P. I. Forst. et Liddle

石崖球兰

2

H. australis ssp. sanae (Bailey) K. Hill

萨纳球兰

2

H. bandaensis Schltr.

斑达球兰

2

H. bawanglingensis S. Y. He et P. T. Li

霸王岭球兰

2

H. bella Hook.

贝拉球兰

2

H. benguetensis Schltr.

本格尔顿球兰

2

H. benitotanii Kloppenb.

巨坦球兰

2

H. bhutanica Grierson et D. G. Long

不丹球兰

2

H. bilobata Schltr.

水母球兰

2

H. blashernaezii Kloppenb.

布拉轩球兰

2

H. buotii D. Kloppenb.

波特球兰

2

H. burmanica Rolfe

缅甸球兰

2

H. burtoniae D. Kloppenb.

布丁球兰

2

H. cagayanensis Schltr. ex Elmer

卡噶焰球兰

2

H. callistophylla T. Green

淡味球兰

2

H. calycina Schltr.

大萼球兰

2

H. campanulata Blume

康蓬那球兰

2

H. camphorifolia Warb.

樟叶球兰

2

H. cardiophylla Merr.

洋心叶球兰

2

H. carnosa (L. f.) R. Br.

球兰

2

H. carnosa var. gushanica W. Xu

彩叶球兰

2

H. caudata Hook. f.

尾状球兰

2

H. chinghungensis (Tsiang et P. T. Li) M. G. Gilbert, P. T. Li et W. D. Stevens

景洪球兰

2

H. chlorantha Rech.

绿花球兰

2

H. chunii P. T. Li

椰香球兰

2

H. ciliata Teijsm. et Binn.

纤毛球兰

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. citrina Ridl.

柠檬球兰

2

H. clemensiorum T. Green

反瓣球兰

2

H. collina Schltr.

小丘球兰

2

H. cominsii Hemsl.

康明斯球兰

2

H. commutata M. G. Gilbert et P. T. Li

广西球兰

2

H. compacta C. M. Burton

皱叶球兰

2

H. cordata P. T. Li et S. Z. Huang

心叶球兰

2

H. coriacea Blume

革叶球兰

2

H. coronaria Blume

冠球兰

2

H. cumingiana Decne.

卡米球兰

2

H. curtisii King et Gamble

银斑球兰

2

H. darwinii Loher

多温球兰

2

H. davidcummingii Kloppenb.

戴维德球兰

2

H. dennisii P. I. Forst. et Liddle

丹尼斯球兰

2

H. densifolia Turcz.

密叶球兰

2

H. deykei T. Green

德克球兰

2

H. diptera Seem.

二翼球兰

2

H. dischorensis Schltr.

迪斯可球兰

2

H. diversifolia Blume

异叶球兰

2

H. dolichosparte Schltr.

多利球兰

2

H. elliptica Hook. f.

椭圆球兰

2

H. endauensis Kiew

安达球兰

2

H. engleriana Hosseus

恩格勒球兰

2

H. erythrina Rintz.

珊瑚红球兰

2

H. erythrostemma Kerr

红副球兰

2

H. excavata Teijsm. et Binn.

凹副球兰

2

H. filiformis Rech.

线形球兰

2

H. finlaysonii Wight

斐赖球兰

2

H. fitchii Kloppenb.

费氏球兰

2

H. flavida P. I. Forst. et Liddle

淡黄球兰

2

H. fraterna Blume

香水球兰

2

H. fungii Merr.

护耳草

2

H. fusca Wall.

黄花球兰

2

H. gigantanganensis Kloppenb.

陈氏球兰

2

H. gigas Schltr.

巨球兰

2

H. gildingii Kloppenb.

金色球兰

2

H. globulifera Blume

球芯球兰

2

H. golamcoana Kloppenb.

格兰可球兰

2

H. graveolens Kerr

烈味球兰

2

H. greenii Kloppenb.

格林球兰

2

H. hainanensis Merr.

海南球兰

2

H. halconensis Kloppenb.

海尔孔球兰

2

H. heuschkeliana Kloppenb.

粉花休斯科球兰

2

H. heuschkeliana ssp. cajanoae Kloppenburg et Siar

黄花休斯科球兰

2

H. hollrungii Warb.

霍莉球兰

2

H. hypolasia Schltr.

毛叶球兰

2

H. imbricata Decne.

玳瑁球兰

2

125

126

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. inconspicua Hemsl.

隐脉球兰

2

H. incrassata Warb.

厚冠球兰

2

H. incurvula Schltr.

短翅球兰

2

H. ischnopus Schltr.

艾斯球兰

2

H. javanica Boerl.

大花蜂出巢

2

H. juannguoiana Kloppenb.

胡安球兰

2

H. kanyakumariana A. N. Henry et Swamin.

堪雅酷玛瑞球兰

2

H. kenejiana Schltr.

肯尼球兰

2

H. kentiana C. M. Burton

冰糖球兰

2

H. kerrii Craib

凹叶球兰

2

H. kloppenburgii T. Green

柯氏球兰

2

H. krohniana Kloppenb. et Siar

克罗恩球兰

2

H. kuhlii (Blume) Koorders

库尔球兰

2

H. lacunosa Bl.

裂瓣球兰

2

H. lacunosa ssp. pallidiflora Hook. f.

大裂瓣球兰

2

H. lamingtoniae F. M. Bailey

拉明斯球兰

2

H. lanceolata Wall. ex D. Don

亚贝球兰

2

H. lancilimba Merr.

何秋藤

2

H. lancilimba f. tsoi (Merr.) Tsiang

狭叶荷秋藤

2

H. lantsangensis Tsiang et P. T. Li

澜沧球兰

2

H. lasiantha Korth. ex Blume

棉叶球兰

2

H. lasiogynostegia P. T. Li

橙花球兰

2

H. latifolia D. Don

宽叶球兰

2

H. lauterbachii K. Schum.

劳氏球兰

2

H. leucorhoda Schltr.

白玫瑰球兰

2

H. leytensis Elmer ex C. M. Burton

莱特球兰

2

H. liangii Tsiang

崖县球兰

2

H. limoniaca S. Moore

黎檬球兰

2

H. linearis Wall. ex D. Don

线叶球兰

2

H. litoralis Schltr.

霍亚球兰

2

H. lobbii Hook. f.

罗比球兰

2

H. loheri Kloppenb.

洛黑球兰

2

H. longifolia Wall. ex Wight

长叶球兰

2

H. loyceandrewsiana T. Green

安德鲁斯球兰

2

H. lucardenasiana Kloppenb.

卢卡球兰

2

H. lyi Lévl.

香花球兰

2

H. macgillivrayi F. M. Bailey

麦季理婓球兰

2

H. macgregorii Schltr.

麦裴里几球兰

2

H. madulidii Kloppenb.

马都拉球兰

2

H. magnifica P. I. Forst. et Liddle

圣洁球兰

2

H. marginata Schltr.

边缘球兰

2

H. megalaster Warb. ex K. Schum. et Lauterb.

红花球兰

2

H. mekongensis M. G. Gilbert et P. T. Li

尾叶球兰

2

H. meliflua Merr.

美丽球兰

2

H. memoria Kloppenb.

梅莫里亚球兰

2

H. mengtzeensis Tsiang et P. T. Li

薄叶球兰

2

H. meredithii T. Green

梅雷迪思球兰

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. micrantha Hook. f.

小花球兰

2

H. minahassae Schltr.

迈纳球兰

2

H. mindorensis Schltr.

红色棉德球兰

2

H. mitrata Kerr

僧帽球兰

2

H. monetteae T. Green

莫勒特氏球兰

2

H. montana Schltr.

山地球兰

2

H. multiflora Blume

蜂出巢

2

H. myrmecopa Kleijn et Donkelaar

蚁洞球兰

2

H. nabawanensis Kloppenb. et Wiberg

诺巴球兰

2

H. naumannii Schltr.

瑙珉球兰

2

H. neocaledonica Schltr.

新古典球兰

2

H. neoebudica Guill.

新波迪卡球

2

H. nervosa Tsiang et P. T. Li

凸脉球兰

2

H. nicholsoniae F. Muell.

秋水仙球兰

2

H. nummularioides Costantin

钱叶球兰

2

H. obovata Decne.

倒卵叶球兰

2

H. obscura Elmer ex C. M. Burton

小棉球兰

2

H. obtusifolia Wight

钝叶球兰

2

H. obtusifolioides T. Green et E. Gilding Sex

拟钝叶球兰

2

H. odorata Schltr.

甜香球兰

2

H. onychoides P. I. Forst., Liddle et I. M. Liddle

爪叶球兰

2

H. oreogena Kerr

澳伦球兰

2

H. pachyclada Kerr

粗蔓球兰

2

H. padangensis Schltr.

巴东球兰

2

H. pallida Dalzell et A. Gibson

帕莉球兰

2

H. pallilimba Kleijn et Donkelaar

豆瓣球兰

2

H. pandurata Tsiang

琴叶球兰

2

H. parasitica (Roxb.) Wall. ex Wight

寄生球兰

2

H. parviflora Wight

小叶球兰

2

H. patella Schltr.

碗花球兰

2

H. pauciflora Wight

少花球兰

2

H. paxtonii G. Nicholson

帕克斯球兰

2

H. paziae Kloppenb.

巴兹球兰

2

H. picta Miq.

彩芯球兰

2

H. plicata King et Gamble

皮里球兰

2

H. polyneura Hook. f.

多脉球兰

2

H. polystachya Blume

多穗球兰

2

H. pottsii Traill

三脉球兰

2

H. praetorii Miq.

猴王球兰

2

H. pubera Blume

浦北球兰

2

H. pubicalyx Merr.

银粉球兰

2

H. purpureofusca Hook.

紫花球兰

2

H. quinquenervia Warb.

五脉球兰

2

H. radicalis Tsiang et P. T. Li

匙叶球兰

2

H. retusa Warb.

断叶球兰

2

H. revolubilis Tsiang et P. T. Li

卷边球兰

2

H. revoluta Wight ex Decne.

反卷球兰

2

127

128

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. rigida Kerr

硬叶球兰

2

H. rosarioae Kloppenb. et Siar

玫瑰球兰

2

H. rotundiflora Rodda et Simonsson

方叶球兰

2

H. rubida Schltr.

茜球兰

2

H. rumphii Blume

2

H. ruscifolia Decne.

假叶球兰

2

H. salweenica Tsiang et P. T. Li

怒江球兰

2

H. samoensis Seem.

萨摩亚球兰

2

H. scortechinii King et Gamble

苏格球兰

2

H. serpens Hook. f.

匍匐球兰

2

H. shepherdii Short ex Hook.

舍菲尔德球兰

2

H. siariae Kloppenb.

暹罗球兰

2

H. sigillatis T. Green

斑印球兰

2

H. silvatica Tsiang et P. T. Li

山球兰

2

H. stoneana Kloppenb. et Siar

宝石球兰

2

H. subcalva Burkill

苏卡尔球兰

2

H. thomsonii J. D. Hooker

西藏球兰

2

H. tjadasmalangensis Bakh. f.

坦加球兰

2

H. tomataensis T. Green et Kloppenb.

托马球兰

2

H. uncinata Teijsm. et Binn.

钩状球兰

2

H. verticillata (Vahl) G. Don

轮叶球兰

2

H. villosa Cost.

毛球兰

2

H. vitellina Blume

蛋黄球兰

2

H. vitellinoides Bakh.f.

黄结球兰

2

H. vitiensis Turrill

斐济球兰

2

H. wallichii (Wight) C. M. Burton

风铃球兰

2

H. wayetii Kloppenb.

维特球兰

2 2

Huernia 剑龙角属 H. macrocarpa N. E. Br.

魔星花

2

H. oculata Hook. f.

扁刺剑龙角

2

H. pendula E. A. Bruce

悬垂龙角

2

H. pillansii N. E. Br.

阿修罗

2

H. schneideriana A. Berger

青鬼角

2

H. zebrina N. E. Br.

缟马

2 2

Jasminanthes 黑鳗藤属 J. chunii (Tsiang) Stevens et P. T. Li

假木通

2 2

Marsdenia 牛奶菜属 M. griffithii Hook. f.

大白药

2

M. incisa P. T. Li et Y. H. Li

裂冠牛奶菜

2

M. oreophila W. W. Smith

喙柱牛奶菜

2

M. pseudotinctoria Tsiang

假蓝叶藤

2

M. schneideri Tsiang

四川牛奶菜

2

M. sinensis Hemsl.

牛奶菜

2

M. tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon

通光散

2

M. tinctoria R. Br.

蓝叶藤

2

M. tinctoria var. brevis Cost.

短序蓝叶藤

2

Merrillanthus 驼峰藤属

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. hainanensis Chun et Tsiang

驼峰藤

2 2

Metaplexis 萝藦属 M. hemsleyana Oliv.

华萝蘼

2

M. japonica (Thunb.) Makino

萝藦

2 2

Myriopteron 翅果藤属 M. extensum (Wight et Arn.) K. Schum.

翅果藤

2 2

Orbea 豹皮花属 O. lepida (Jacq.) Haw.

美丽紫龙角

2

O. pulchella (Masson) L. C. Leach

紫龙角

2

O. variegata Haw.

牛角

2 2

Oxystelma 尖槐藤属 O. esculentum (L. f.) F. A. Schult.

尖槐藤

P. championii Benth.

2 2

Pentasacme 石萝藦属 石萝摩

2 2

Periploca 杠柳属 P. forrestii Schltr.

黑龙骨

2

P. sepium Bunge

杠柳

2 2

Pseudolithos 凝蹄玉属 P. migiurtinus (Chiov.)P. R. O. Bally

凝蹄玉

2

Raphionacme 白皮玉属 R. madiensis S. Moore

茎萝藦

大花藤

2 2

Secamone 鲫鱼藤属 S. elliptica R. Brown

2 2

Raphistemma 大花藤属 R. pulchellum (Roxb.) Wall.

2

鲫鱼藤

2 2

Stapelia 犀角属 S. grandiflora Masson

大花犀角

2

S. leendertziae N. E. Br.

钟楼阁

2

S. variegata L.

杂色豹皮花

2 2

Stapelianthus 海葵角属 S. pilosus Lavranos et D. S. Hardy

海葵萝藦

2

Stelmatocrypton 须药藤属 S. khasianum (Benth.) H. Baill.

须药藤

暗消藤

2 2

Tavaresia 丽钟角属 T. barklyi (Dyer) N. E. Br.

2 2

Streptocaulon 马莲鞍属 S. juventas (Lour.) Merr.

2

丽钟角

2 2

Telosma 夜来香属 T. cathayensis Merr.

华南夜来香

2

T. cordata (Burm. f.) Merr.

夜来香

2 2

Toxocarpus 弓果藤属 T. aurantiacus C. Y. Wu

云南弓果藤

2

T. himalensis Falc. ex Hook. f.

西藏弓果藤

2

T. villosus (Bl.) Decne.

毛弓果藤

2

T. wangianus Tsiang

澜沧弓果藤

2 2

Tylophora 娃儿藤属 T. astephanoides Tsiang et P. T. Li

阔叶娃儿藤

2

129

130

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Asclepiadaceae 萝藦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. atrofolliculata Merr.

三分丹

2

T. floribunda Miq.

七层楼

2

T. kerrii Craib

人参娃儿藤

2

T. koi Merr.

通天连

2

T. oligophylla (Tsiang) M. G. Gilbert et W. D. Stevens et P. T. Li

滑藤

2

T. ovata (Lindl.) Hook. ex Steud.

娃儿藤

2

T. silvestris Tsiang

贵州娃儿藤

2

T. yunnanensis Schltr.

云南娃儿藤

2

21. Balanophoraceae 蛇菰科 Annual or perennial succulent herbs without normal roots and parasitic on rhizomes or roots of various host plants by suckers. Rhizome thick, usually branched, with warts or warts and/or lenticels and dehisced sheaths at apex. Flowering shoots (as pedicels) cylindrical, arising endogenously from rhizome apex, often enclosed by split sheath; scaly bracts alternate, 2-row or nearly opposite, sometimes whorled, spiral, rarely clustered or scattered or absent. Inflorescences monoecious or dioecious, terminal, fleshy spike or capitate. Flowers unisexual, male flowers often larger than females, pedicellate or sessile. In Balanophora indica 印度蛇菰 monoecious inflorescence, males often mixed in female flowers or clustered on top or middle but more at basal of inflorescence. Perianth absence or 3–6 (8–14) lobed or numerous by valvate arranged. Stamens 1–2 in when perianth absence, or numerous as opposite to perianth lobes when perianth present; female flowers tiny often on basal of appendages. Ovary connate, superior, 1–3 locules. Styles 1–2, terminal; stigma unsplit or capitate, rarely discoid. Fruit 1-loculed and 1-seeded achene. Seed, globose, usually adnate to the pericarp. A total of 18 genera and ca. 50 species, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. Two genera and 13 species occur in China. A total of 4 species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A number of 15% (2/13) species and 50% (1/2) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-21

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Balanophoraceae

Balanophoraceae 蛇菰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 2

Balanophora 蛇菰属 B. harlandii Hook. f.

红冬蛇菰

2

B. indica (Arn.) Griff.

印度蛇菰

2

B. simaoensis S. Y. Chang et Tam

思茅蛇菰

2

B. spicata Hayata

穗花蛇菰

2

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

131

22. Balsaminaceae 凤仙花科 Annual or perennial herbs, rarely epiphytic or subshrubs. Stems usually succulent, erect or procumbent, often rooting on lower nodes. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, opposite or verticillate, petiolate or sessile, absent stipules or sometimes with a pair of stipular glands at petiole basal, pinnate veins, margin serrated or with circular teeth, teeth basal often with glandular mucronate. Flowers bisexual, protandrous, zygomorphic, often 180° resupinate in axillary or nearly terminal racemes or pseudoumbels. Inflorescences without pedicels, fascicles Impatiens macrovexilla 大旗瓣凤仙花 or solitary, sepals 3, rarely 5, lateral sepals free or connate, margins entire or serrate, lower sepal (lip) inverted below and large, petal-shaped, usually navicular, funnel or saccular, basal tapering or abruptly narrowing into nectariferous filiform, short or slender, straight, curved or incurved, apex swollen, acute or rarely 2-lobed. Petals 5, free, upper petal (flag petal) free, small or large, flat or cucullate, often with a dorsal cockscomb-shaped protuberance, lower lateral petals forming a pair of 2-lobed wings, basal lobes smaller than upper lobes. Stamens 5, alternate with petals. Anthers 2-celled, slit or porous open. Pistil 4 or 5 carpels, ovary superior, 4 or 5-loculed, with 2 to many anatropous ovules per locule. Style 1, very short or absent, stigma 1–5. Fruit a pseudoberry or capsule. Two genera and >900 species mostly in tropical and subtropical Africa, some species also represented in temperate Asia, Europe, and North America. Two genera and 238 species found in China. A total of 30 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 10% (23/238) species and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-22

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Balsaminaceae

Balsaminaceae 凤仙花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 2

Impatiens 凤仙花属 I. apalophylla Hook. f.

大叶凤仙花

2

I. aquatilis Hook. f.

水凤仙花

2

I. balansae Hook. f.

大苞凤仙花

2

I. balsamina L.

凤仙花

2

I. chapaensis Tardieu.

越南凤仙花

2

I. chinensis L.

华凤仙

2

I. claviger Hook. f.

棒凤仙花

2

I. davidi Franch.

牯岭凤仙花

2

I. duclouxii Hook. f.

滇南凤仙花

2

I. hawkeri W. Bull

新几内亚凤仙

2

I. hongkongensis C. Grey-Wilson

香港凤仙花

2

I. hunanensis Y. L. Chen

湖南凤仙花

2

I. macrovexilla Y. L. Chen

大旗瓣凤仙花

2

I. macrovexilla var. yaoshanensis S. X. Yu, Y. L. Chen et H. N. Qin.

瑶山凤仙花

2

132

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Balsaminaceae 凤仙花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. mengtzeana Hook. f.

蒙自凤仙花

2

I. morsei Hook. f.

龙州凤仙花

2

I. napoensis Y. L. Chen

那坡凤仙花

2

I. noli-tangere L.

水金凤

2

I. obesa Hook. f.

丰满凤仙花

2

I. pingxiangensis S. X. Yu, Y. L. Chen et H. N. Qin

凭祥凤仙花

2

I. polyneura K. M. Liu

多脉凤仙花

2

I. pritzelii Hook. f.

湖北凤仙花

2

I. puberula DC.

柔毛凤仙花

2

I. repens Moon ex Wight

黄花蔓凤仙

2

I. rhombifolia Y. Q. Lu et Y. L. Chen

菱叶凤仙花

2

I. siculifer Hook. f.

黄金凤

2

I. tayemonii Hayata

关雾凤仙花

2

I. tubulosa Hemsl.

管茎凤仙花

2

I. uliginosa Franch.

滇水金凤

2

I. walleriana Hook. f.

苏丹凤仙花

2

I. wilsonii Hook. f.

白花凤仙花

2

23. Basellaceae 落葵科 Twining herbaceous vines, hairless. Leaves simple, alternate, blade slightly fleshy, margin entire, often petiolate. Stipules absent. Flowers small, bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic. Inflorescence often spikes, racemes or panicles, rarely solitary. Bracts 3, caducous; bracteoles 2, persistent. Perianth segments 5, free or lower part connate, often white or reddish, persistent, imbricate in buds. Stamens 5, opposite to petals. Filaments inserted on perianth. Pistil by 3 carpels connate. Ovary superior, 1 locule, ovule 1 on basal, campylotropous. Style single or 3 branched. Fruit an utricle, dry or fleshy, often surrounded by persistent bracteoles and perianth, indehiscent. Seed globose, testa membranous. A total of four genera and ca. 25 species occur in tropics and subtropics, mostly in the Americas. Two genera and three species found in China. A total of 2 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 67% (2/3) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Anredera cordifolia 落葵署

IV Table IV-23

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

133

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Basellaceae

Basellaceae 落葵科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 2

Anredera 落葵薯属 A. cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis

落葵署

2 2

Basella 落葵属 B. alba L.

落葵

2

24. Begoniaceae 秋海棠科 Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stems erect, usually rhizomes or corms or tubers and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed. Leaves simple, alternate, occasionally palmate compound, blade palmate and margin serrated, rarely entire, usually basal oblique and asymmetric, long petiole and stipules caducous. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, rarely dioecious, usually cymes or dichotomous or panicles. Perianths 2–4 (–10), free, rarely connate, stamens numerous. Filaments free or basal connate, anthers 2-celled, septum varies greatly, pistils 2–5 (–7) carpels. Ovary inferior, occasionally semi-inferior, 1 locule with 3 parietal placentas or 2–3–4 (–5–7) locules, axile placenta, with 1–2 locules per Begonia grandis 秋海棠 placenta. Style free or basal connate, stigma spiral, capitate, or “U” shaped, with spiny papillae. Fruit a capsule, sometimes berrylike, usually with unequal 3 wings. Seeds small, numerous. A total of 2–3 genera and >1400 species widely occur in tropical and subtropical regions over the world. Only genus and 193 species found in China. A total of 190 species, 3 subspecies and 8 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 60% (115/193) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-24

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Begoniaceae

continued

Begoniaceae 秋海棠科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Begonia 秋海棠属 B. acetosa Vell.

微酸秋海棠

3

B. acetosella Craib

无翅秋海棠

3

B. acetosella var. hirtifolia Irmsch.

粗毛无翅秋海棠

3

B. acida Vell.

酸海棠

3

B. aconitifolia A. DC.

卷叶秋海棠

3

B. acutifolia Jacq.

尖叶秋海棠

3

B. acutitepala K. Y. Guan et D. K. Tian

尖被秋海棠

3

B. albopicta W. Bull

银星秋海棠

3

B. algaia L. B. Smith et Wassh.

美丽秋海棠

3

B. alveolata T. T. Yu

点叶秋海棠

3

134

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Begoniaceae 秋海棠科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. angularis Raddi

棱角秋海棠

3

B. angulata Vell.

有角秋海棠

3

B. arborescens var. oxyphylla (A. DC.) S. F. Smith

亚灌木秋海棠

3

B. augustinei Hemsl.

歪叶秋海棠

3

B. aurantiflora C. I. Peng, Y. Liu et S. M. Ku

橙花侧膜秋海棠

3

B. auritistipula Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen

耳托秋海棠

3

B. austroguangxiensis Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen

桂南秋海棠

3

B. austrotaiwanensis Y. K. Chen et C. I. Peng

南台湾秋海棠

3

B. balansana Gagnep.

北越秋海棠

3

B. bamaensis Y. Liu et C. I. Peng

巴马秋海棠

3

B. baviensis Gagnep.

金平秋海棠

3

B. boliviensis A. DC.

玻利维亚秋海棠

3

B. bowerae Ziesenh.

眉毛秋海棠

3

B. bradei Irmsch.

布拉德秋海棠

3

B. carolineifolia Regel

肉质茎秋海棠

3

B. cathayana Hemsl.

花叶秋海棠

3

B. cavaleriei Lévl.

昌感秋海棠

3

B. ceratocarpa S. H. Huang et Shui

角果秋海棠

3

B. chingii Irmsch.

凤山秋海棠

3

B. chlorosticta Sands

绿毛秋海棠

3

B. chuyunshanensis C. I. Peng et Y. K. Chen

出云山秋海棠

3

B. circumlobata Hance

周裂秋海棠

3

B. cirrosa L. B. Smith et Wassh.

卷毛秋海棠

3

B. coccinea Hook.

竹节秋海棠

3

B. convolvulacea A. DC.

藤状秋海棠

3

B. coptidimontana C. Y. Wu

黄连山秋海棠

3

B. crassicaulis Lindl.

粗茎秋海棠

3

B. cucullata Willd.

四季海棠

3

B. cucurbitifolia C. Y. Wu

瓜叶秋海棠

3

B. curvicarpa S. M. Ku, C. I. Peng et Y. Liu

弯果秋海棠

3

B. cylindrica D. R. Liang et X. X. Chen

柱果秋海棠

3

B. daweishanensis S. H. Huang et Y. M. Shui

大围山秋海棠

3

B. daxinensis Ku

大新秋海棠

3

B. debaoensis C. I. Peng, Y. Liu et S. M. Ku

德保秋海棠

3

B. deliciosa Lind. ex Fotsch

银娇

3

B. diadema Lind. ex Rodigas

王冠秋海棠

3

B. dietrichiana Irmsch.

迪特秋海棠

3

B. digyna Irmsch.

槭叶秋海棠

3

B. dipetala Granham

二被秋海棠

3

B. dregei Otto et Dietr.

开普敦秋海棠

3

B. dryadis Irmsch.

厚叶秋海棠

3

B. duclouxii Gagnep.

川边秋海棠

3

B. edulis Lévl.

食用秋海棠

3

B. egregia N. E. Br.

斜叶秋海棠

3

B. emeiensis C. M. Hu ex C. Y. Wu et T. C. Ku

峨眉秋海棠

3

B. epipsila Brade

无毛秋海棠

3

B. fangii Y. M. Shui et C. I. Peng

方氏秋海棠

3

B. fenicis Merr.

兰屿秋海棠

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Begoniaceae 秋海棠科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. filiformis Irmsch.

丝形秋海棠

3

B. fimbristipula Hance

紫背天葵

3

B. fischeri Schrank

费氏秋海棠

3

B. fissistyla Irmsch.

费西秋海棠

3

B. foliosa Kunth

大花秋海棠

3

B. formosana (Hayata) Masam.

水鸭脚

3

B. forrestii Irmsch.

陇川秋海棠

3

B. fuchsiiflora (A. DC.) A. I. Baranov et F. A. Barkley

吊钟秋海棠

3

B. fuchsioides Hook.

柳叶秋海棠

3

B. gigabracteata H. Z. Li et H. Ma

巨苞秋海棠

3

B. glandulosa A. DC. ex Hook.

褐脉秋海棠

3

B. grandis Dryand.

秋海棠

3

B. grandis ssp. sinensis (A. DC.) Irmsch.

中华秋海棠

3

B. guangxiensis C. Y. Wu

广西秋海棠

3

B. guaniana H. Ma et H. Z. Li

管氏秋海棠

3

B. guishanensis S. H. Huang et Y. M. Shui

圭山秋海棠

3

B. hainanensis Chun et F. Chun

海南秋海棠

3

B. handelii Irmsch.

大香秋海棠

3

B. handelii var. rubropilosa (S. H. Huang et Y. M. Shui) C. I. Peng

红毛香花秋海棠

3

B. hemsleyana Hook. f.

掌叶秋海棠

3

B. henryi Hemsl.

独牛

3

B. heracleifolia Cham. et Schltdl.

枫叶秋海棠

3

B. herbacea Vell.

苁叶秋海棠

3

B. hispida Schott ex A. DC.

僧帽秋海棠

3

B. holtonis A. DC.

大多叶秋海棠

3

B. humilis Aiton

瑚米秋海棠

3

B. hydrocotylifolia Otto ex Hook.

天胡荽秋海棠

3

B. hymenocarpa C. Y. Wu

膜果秋海棠

3

B. imperialis Lem.

地毡秋海棠

3

B. jingxiensis D. Fang et Y. G. Wei

靖西秋海棠

3

B. johnstonii Oliv. ex Hook. f.

肯亚秋海棠

3

B. kui C. I. Peng

丽纹秋海棠

3

B. labordei Lévl.

心叶秋海棠

3

B. lacerata Irmsch.

撕裂秋海棠

3

B. laminariae Irmsch.

圆翅秋海棠

3

B. lancangensis S. H. Huang

澜沧秋海棠

3

B. lanceolata Vell.

柳叶苞秋海棠

3

B. lanternaria Irmsch.

灯果秋海棠

3

B. leprosa Hance

癞叶秋海棠

3

B. limprichtii Irmsch.

蕺叶秋海棠

3

B. linguiensis S. M. Ku et al.

临桂秋海棠

3

B. lipingensis Irmsch.

黎平秋海棠

3

B. listada L. B. Smith et Wassh.

铲叶秋海棠

3

B. lithophila C. Y. Wu

石生秋海棠

3

B. liuyanii C. I. Peng, S. M. Ku et W. C. Leong

刘演秋海棠

3

B. longialata K. Y. Guan et D. K. Tian

长翅秋海棠

3

B. longifolia Blume

粗喙秋海棠

3

B. longistyla Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen

长柱秋海棠

3

135

136

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Begoniaceae 秋海棠科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. loranthoides ssp. rhopalocarpa (Warb.) J. J. de Wilde

帕罗秋海棠

3

B. lubbersii E. Morren

粗壮秋海棠

3

B. luochengensis S. M. Ku, C. I. Peng et Yan Liu

罗城秋海棠

3

B. luzhaiensis Ku

鹿寨秋海棠

3

B. macrotoma Irmsch.

大裂秋海棠

3

B. maculata Raddi

斑叶竹节海棠

3

B. malipoensis S. H. Huang et Shui

麻栗坡秋海棠

3

B. manicata Brongn.

莲叶秋海棠

3

B. margaritae Hort. ex Fotsch

玻璃秋海棠

3

B. masoniana Irmsch.

铁甲秋海棠

3

B. megalophyllaria C. Y. Wu

大叶秋海棠

3

B. megaptera A. DC.

大翅秋海棠

3

B. mengtzeana Irmsch.

肾托秋海棠

3

B. microsperma Warb.

小种秋海棠

3

B. minor Jacq.

亮叶海棠

3

B. miranda Irmsch.

截裂秋海棠

3

B. modestiflora Kurz.

云南秋海棠

3

B. mollicaulis Irmsch.

莫里秋海棠

3

B. morifolia Yu

桑叶秋海棠

3

B. morsei Irmsch.

龙州秋海棠

3

B. morsei var. myriotricha Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen

密毛龙州秋海棠

3

B. muliensis Yu

木里秋海棠

3

B. multinervia Liebm.

多脉秋海棠

3

B. nantoensis Lai et Chung

南投秋海棠

3

B. nelumbiifolia Cham. et Schltdl.

荷叶秋海棠

3

B. ningmingensis D. Fang, Y. G. Wei et C. I Peng

宁明秋海棠

3

B. ningmingensis var. bella D. Fang et al.

丽叶秋海棠

3

B. obsolescens Irmsch.

侧膜秋海棠

3

B. olbia Kerch.

奥利巴秋海棠

3

B. oreodoxa Chun et F. Chun

山地秋海棠

3

B. ornithophylla Irmsch.

乌叶秋海棠

3

B. paleata A. DC.

贯茎秋海棠

3

B. palmata D. Don

裂叶秋海棠

3

B. palmata var. bowringiana (Champ. ex Benth.) J. Golding et C. Kareg.

红孩儿

3

B. palmata var. crassisetulosa (Irmsch) Golding et Karegeannes

刺毛红孩儿

3

B. parvula Levl. et Vant.

小叶秋海棠

3

B. paucilobata var. maguanensis (S. H. Huang et Shui) Ku

马关秋海棠

3

B. paulensis A. DC.

保罗秋海棠

3

B. pearcei Hook. f.

皮尔斯秋海棠

3

B. pedatifida Lévl.

掌裂叶秋海棠

3

B. peii C. Y. Wu

小花秋海棠

3

B. peltata Otto et Dietr.

盾状秋海棠

3

B. peltatifolia H. L. Li

盾叶秋海棠

3

B. picturata Yan Liu et al.

一口血秋海棠

3

B. polytricha C. Y. Wu

多毛秋海棠

3

B. porteri H. Lév. et Vaniot

罗甸秋海棠

3

B. prismatocarpa Hook.

棱果秋海棠

3

B. prostrata Irmsch.

铺地秋海棠

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Begoniaceae 秋海棠科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. pseudodaxinensis S. M. Ku et al.

假大新秋海棠

3

B. pseudodryadis C. Y. Wu

假厚叶秋海棠

3

B. pseudoleprosa C. I. Peng, Yan Liu et S. M. Ku

假癞叶秋海棠

3

B. psilophylla Irmsch.

光滑秋海棠

3

B. pulvinifera C. I. Peng et Yan Liu

肿柄秋海棠

3

B. purpureofolia S. H. Huang et Y. M. Shui

朱药秋海棠

3

B. quadrialata ssp. nimbaensis M. Sosef

尼恩巴秋海棠

3

B. radicans Vell.

气根秋海棠

3

B. ravenii C. I. Peng et Y. K. Chen

岩生秋海棠

3

B. reniformis Dryand.

肾叶秋海棠

3

B. retinervia D. Fang, D. H. Qin et C. I. Peng

突脉秋海棠

3

B. rex Putz.

紫叶秋海棠

3

B. rotundilimba S. H. Huang et Shui

圆叶秋海棠

3

B. rubinea Hong Z. Li et H. Ma

玉柄秋海棠

3

B. ruboides C. M. Hu

匍地秋海棠

3

B. rubropunctata S. H. Huang et Shui

红斑秋海棠

3

B. sanguinea Raddi

牛耳海棠

3

B. santos-limae Brade

3

B. scharffii Hook. f.

查菲秋海棠

3

B. semiparietalis Yan Liu, S. M. Ku et C. I. Peng

半侧膜秋海棠

3

B. serratipetala Irmsch.

齿瓣秋海棠

3

B. setifolia Irmsch.

刚毛秋海棠

3

B. silletensis (A. DC.) C. B. Clarke

厚壁秋海棠

3

B. sinobrevicaulis T. C. Ku

短茎秋海棠

3

B. sinofloribunda Dorr

多花秋海棠

3

B. smithiana Yü ex Irmsch.

长柄秋海棠

3

B. soli-mutata L. B. Smith et Wassh.

索莉慕特秋海棠

3

B. subhowii S. H. Huang

粉叶秋海棠

3

B. subvillosa Klotzsch

素丽秋海棠

3

B. taiwaniana Hayata

台湾秋海棠

3

B. tayabensis Merr.

田矢部秋海棠

3

B. tengchiana C. I. Peng et Y. K. Chen

藤枝秋海棠

3

B. thelmae L. B. Smith et Wassh.

3

B. thiemei C. DC.

3

B. tomentosa Schott

柔毛秋海棠

3

B. truncatiloba Irmsch.

截叶秋海棠

3

B. ulmifolia Willd.

榆叶秋海棠

3

B. umbraculifolia Y. Wan et B. N. Chang

龙虎山秋海棠

3

B. urophylla Hook.

尾叶秋海棠

3

B. variegata Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen

彩纹秋海棠

3

B. venosa Skan ex Hook.f.

细脉秋海棠

3

B. versicolor Irmsch.

变色秋海棠

3

B. villifolia Irmsch.

长毛秋海棠

3

B. wallichiana Lehm.

瓦氏秋海棠

3

B. wangii Yu

少瓣秋海棠

3

B. wenshanensis C. M. Hu ex C. Y. Wu et Ku

文山秋海棠

3

B. wilsonii Gagnep.

一点血

3

137

138

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

25. Berberidaceae 小檗科 Shrubs or perennial herbs, rarely small trees, evergreen or deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous or tuberous. Stems spinous or absent. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or basal, simple or 1–3 pinnate compound. Stipules present or absent, venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, solitary, clustered or composed of racemes, spikes, umbels, cymes or panicles; pedicels or absent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic. Bracts present or absent. Perianth usually 3- or 2-merous, rarely absent. Sepals 6–9, often petaloid, free, in 2–3 whorls. Petals 6, flat, galeate or spurred, or variate or nectar-like, nectary or absent. Stamens opposite to petals same number. Anthers 2-celled, longitudinal split. Ovary superior, 1-locule, ovule numerous or few, rarely solitary, basal or lateral membranous placenta. Style present or absent, sometimes persistent in fruit. Fruits a berry, capsule, follicle or achene. Seed 1 to numerous. A total of 17 genera and ca. 650 species mostly in north temperate zone and on subtropical mountains. About 11 genera and 317 species in China, but there are some 17 additional species (15 endemics) that Berberis thunbergii 日本小檗 are not sufficiently identified. A total of 144 species, 2 subspecies and 2 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 38% (119/317) species and 82% (9/11) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-25

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Berberidaceae

continued

Berberidaceae 小檗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Berberis 小檗属 B. acuminata Franch.

渐尖小檗

3

B. aggregata Schneid.

堆花小檗

3

B. ahrendtii R. R. Rao et Uniyal

枸杞状小檗

3

B. amoena Dunn

美丽小檗

3

B. amplectens (Eastw.) Wheeler

抱持小檗

3

B. amurensis Rupr.

黄芦木

3

B. angulosa Wall. ex Hook. f. et Thomson

有棱小檗

3

B. anhweiensis Ahrendt

安徽小檗

3

B. approximata Sprague

近似小檗

3

B. aridocalida Ahrendt

西固小檗

3

B. aristata DC.

具芒小檗

3

B. beaniana Schneid.

康松小檗

3

B. brachypoda Maxim.

短柄小檗

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Berberidaceae 小檗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. canadensis Mill.

加拿大小檗

3

B. caroli Schneid.

鄂尔多斯小檗

3

B. cavaleriei H. Lév.

贵州小檗

3

B. chingii Cheng

华东小蘖

3

B. chitria Lindl.

壶小檗

3

B. circumserrata (Schneid.) Schneid.

秦岭小檗

3

B. concinna Hook. f. et Thomson

雅洁小檗

3

B. contracta Ying

德钦小檗

3

B. dasystachya Maxim.

直穗小檗

3

B. deinacantha Schneid.

壮刺小檗

3

B. diaphana Maxin.

鲜黄小檗

3

B. dictyoneura Schneid.

松潘小檗

3

B. dictyophylla Franch.

刺红珠

3

B. dielsiana Fedde

首阳小檗

3

B. fendleri A. Gray

芬德勒小檗

3

B. ferdinandi-coburgii Schneid.

大叶小檗

3

B. floribunda Wall. ex G. Don

多花小檗

3

B. forrestii Ahrendt

金江小檗

3

B. francisci-ferdinandi Schneid.

大黄檗

3

B. gilgiana Fedde

涝峪小檗

3

B. grodtmannia Schneid.

安宁小檗

3

B. grodtmannia var. flavoramea Schneid.

黄茎小檗

3

B. gyalaica Ahrendt

波密小檗

3

B. hayatana Mizush.

南湖小檗

3

B. heteropoda Schrenk.

异果小檗

3

B. hookeri Lem.

虎克小檗

3

B. jamesiana Forrest et W. W. Smith

川滇小檗

3

B. julianae C. K. Schneid.

豪猪刺

3

B. kansuensis C. K. Schneid.

甘肃小檗

3

B. kaschgarica Rupr.

喀什小檗

3

B. kawakamii Hayata

台湾小檗

3

B. koreana Palib.

掌刺小檗

3

B. lempergiana Ahrendt

天台小檗

3

B. luhuoensis Ying

炉霍小蘖

3

B. morrisonensis Hayata

玉山小檗

3

B. nummularia Bunge

红果小檗

3

B. oblonga (Regel) C. K. Schneid.

长圆叶小檗

3

B. pachyacantha ssp. zabeliana (C. K. Schneid.) Jafri

扎毕小檗

3

B. paraspecta Ahrendt

鸡脚连

3

B. phanera Schneid.

显脉小檗

3

B. platyphylla (Ahrendt) Ahrendt

阔叶小檗

3

139

140

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Berberidaceae 小檗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. poiretii Schneid.

细叶小檗

3

B. polyantha Hemsl.

刺黄花

3

B. potaninii Maxim.

少齿小檗

3

B. prattii Schneid.

短锥花小檗

3

B. pruinocarpa C. Y. Wu ex S. Y. Bao

粉果小檗

3

B. pruinosa Franch.

粉叶小檗

3

B. salicaria Fedde

柳叶小檗

3

B. sanguinea Franch.

血红小檗

3

B. sargentiana Schneid.

刺黑珠

3

B. sherriffii Ahrendt

短苞小檗

3

B. sibirica Pall.

西伯利亚小檗

3

B. sikkimensis (Schneid.) Ahrendt

锡金小檗

3

B. silva-taroucana Schneid.

华西小檗

3

B. silvicola Schneid.

兴山小檗

3

B. soulieana Schneid.

假豪猪刺

3

B. stenostachya Ahrendt

短梗小檗

3

B. suberecta Ahrendt

近直立小檗

3

B. thibetica C. K. Schneid.

西藏小檗

3

B. thunbergii DC.

日本小檗

3

B. tischleri Schneid.

川西小檗

3

B. triacanthophora Fedde

芒齿小檗

3

B. turcomanica Kar. ex Ledeb.

土库曼小檗

3

B. veitchii Schneid.

巴东小檗

3

B. vernae Schneid.

匙叶小檗

3

B. verruculosa Hemsl. et Wils.

疣枝小檗

3

B. virescens Hook. f. et Thomson

变绿小檗

3

B. virgetorum Schneid.

庐山小蘖

3

B. vulgaris L.

刺小檗

3

B. walteriana Ahrendt

沃尔特小檗

3

B. wilsonae Hemsl.

金花小檗

3

B. yunnanensis Franch.

云南小檗

3

B. zanlanscianensis Pamp.

鄂西小檗

3 3

Caulophyllum 红毛七属 C. robustum Maxim.

红毛七

3

Diphylleia 山荷叶属 D. sinensis H. L. Li

3

南方山荷叶

3 3

Dysosma 鬼臼属 D. difformis (Hemsl. et Wils.) T. H. Wang ex Ying

小八角莲

3

D. majorensis (Gagnep.) Ying

贵州八角莲

3

D. pleiantha (Hance) Woodson

六角莲

3

D. veitchii (Hemsl. et Wils.) Fu ex Ying

川八角莲

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Berberidaceae 小檗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying

八角莲

3 3

Epimedium 淫羊藿属 E. acuminatum Franch.

粗毛淫羊藿

3

E. baojingense Q. L. Chen et B. M. Yang

保靖淫羊藿

3

E. borealiguizhouense S. Z. He et Y. K. Ying

黔北淫羊藿

3

E. brevicornu Maxim.

淫羊藿

3

E. chlorandrum Stearn

绿药淫羊藿

3

E. davidii Franch.

宝兴淫羊藿

3

E. dolichostemon Stearn

长蕊淫羊藿

3

E. ecalcaratum G. Y. Zhong

无距淫羊藿

3

E. enshiense B. L. Guo et Hsiao

恩施淫羊藿

3

E. epsteinii Stearn

紫距淫羊藿

3

E. fangii Stearn

方氏淫羊藿

3

E. fargesii Franch.

川鄂淫羊藿

3

E. flavum Stearn

天全淫羊藿

3

E. franchetii Stearn

木鱼坪淫羊藿

3

E. hunanense (Hand.-Mazz.) Hand.-Mazz.

湖南淫羊藿

3

E. ilicifolium Stearn

镇坪淫羊藿

3

E. koreanum Nakai

朝鲜淫羊藿

3

E. leptorrhizum Stearn

黔岭淫羊藿

3

E. lishihchenii Stearn

时珍淫羊藿

3

E. mikinorii Stearn

直距淫羊藿

3

E. multiflorum Ying

多花淫羊藿

3

E. myrianthum Stearn

天平山淫羊藿

3

E. parvifolium S. Z. He et T. L. Zhang

小叶淫羊藿

3

E. pauciflorum K. C. Yen

少花淫羊藿

3

E. pubescens Maxim.

柔毛淫羊藿

3

E. reticulatum C. Y. Wu

革叶淫羊藿

3

E. sagittatum (Siebold et Zucc.) Maxim.

三枝九叶草

3

E. sagittatum var. glabratum Ying

光叶淫羊藿

3

E. shuichengense S. Z. He

水城淫羊藿

3

E. stellulatum Stearn

星花淫羊藿

3

E. sutchuenense Franch.

四川淫羊藿

3

E. truncatum H. R. Liang

偏斜淫羊藿

3

E. wushanense Ying

巫山淫羊藿

3

E. zhushanense K. F. Wu et S. X. Qian

竹山淫羊藿

3 3

Gymnospermium 牡丹草属 G. microrrhynchum (S. Moore) Takht.

牡丹草

3 3

Mahonia 十大功劳属 M. bealei (Fort.) Carr.

阔叶十大功劳

3

M. bodinieri Gagnep.

小果十大功劳

3

141

142

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Berberidaceae 小檗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. breviracema Y. S. Wang et Hsiao

短序十大功劳

3

M. decipiens Schneid.

鄂西十大功劳

3

M. duclouxiana Gagnep.

长柱十大功劳

3

M. eurybracteata Fedde

宽苞十大功劳

3

M. eurybracteata ssp. ganpinensis (H. Lév.) Ying et Burff.

安坪十大功劳

3

M. fordii Schneid.

北江十大功劳

3

M. fortunei (Lindl.) Fedde

十大功劳

3

M. gracilipes (Oliv.) Fedde

细柄十大功劳

3

M. hancockiana Takeda

滇南十大功劳

3

M. japonica (Thunb.) DC.

台湾十大功劳

3

M. leptodonta Gagnep.

细齿十大功劳(拟)

3

M. microphylla Ying et G. R. Long

小叶十大功劳

3

M. napaulensis DC.

尼泊尔十大功劳

3

M. polydonta Fedde

峨眉十大功劳

3

M. shenii W. Y. Chun

沈氏十大功劳

3

M. subimbricata W. Y. Chun et F. Chun

靖西全缘十大功劳

3 3

Nandina 南天竹属 N. domestica Thunb.

南天竹

3 3

Sinopodophyllum 桃儿七属 S. hexandrum (Royle) Ying

桃儿七

3

26. Betulaceae 桦木科 Deciduous trees or shrubs, monoecious; branchlets and leaves sometimes have resinous glands or glandular spots. Leaves simple, alternate; margin serrated or double serrated, rarely shallow lobes or entire margins; venation pinnate, lateral veins straight to leaf margin or arched upward near margin, interknitted. Stipules caducous, rarely persistent. Flowers unisexual, wind-pollinated. Male inflorescences terminal or lateral, male flowers with bracts scales, with perianths (birches) or absent (hazelnuts); stamens 2–20 (rarely 1) inserted in bracts scales, filaments short, anthers 2-loculed, free or connate, longitudinally slits. Female inflorescences are cone, spike-like racemose or capitate, erect or pendulous, mostly with bracts (hazelnuts), 2–3 female flowers each bract and 1–2 bracts and 1–2 bracteoles in lower part of each female flower. Ovary 2-loculed or incompletely 2-loculed. Styles 2, free and persistent. Fruit a nut or nutlet. A total of six genera and 150–200 species occur in Asia, Europe, and North and South America. Six genera (one endemic) and 103 species found in China. A total of 49 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens.

Corylus heterophylla var. sutchuanensis 川榛

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

143

A number of 41% (42/103) species and 100% (6/6) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-26

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Betulaceae

continued

Betulaceae 桦木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Alnus 桤木属 A. cremastogyne Burk.

桤木

3

A. ferdinandi-coburgii Schneid.

川滇桤木

3

A. formosana (Burkill) Makino

台湾东杨

3

A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.

欧洲桤木

3

A. japonica (Thunb.) Steud.

日本桤木

3

A. nepalensis D. Don

尼泊尔桤木

3

A. sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz.

辽东桤木

3

A. trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz.

江南桤木

3 3

Betula 桦木属 B. albosinensis Burk.

红桦

3

B. alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

西桦

3

B. austrosinensis Chun ex P. C. Li

华南桦

3

B. chinensis Maxim.

坚桦

3

B. costata Trautv.

硕桦

3

B. dahurica Pall.

黑桦

3

B. ermanii Cham.

岳桦

3

B. lenta L.

黄桦

3

B. luminifera H. Winkl.

亮叶桦

3

B. microphylla Bunge

小叶桦

3

B. pendula Roth

疣枝桦

3

B. platyphylla Suk.

白桦

3

B. pubescens Ehrh.

毛桦

3

B. utilis D. Don

糙皮桦

3 3

Carpinus 鹅耳枥属 C. betulus L.

欧洲鹅耳枥

3

C. cordata Blume

千金榆

3

C. fangiana Hu

川黔千斤榆

3

C. fargesiana H. Winkl.

川陕鹅耳枥

3

C. hupeana Hu

湖北鹅耳枥

3

C. kweichowensis Hu

贵州鹅耳枥

3

C. londoniana H. Winkl.

短尾鹅耳枥

3

C. monbeigiana Hand.-Mazz.

云南鹅耳枥

3

C. orientalis Mill.

东方鹅耳枥

3

C. polyneura Franch.

多脉鹅耳枥

3

C. pubescens Burk.

云贵鹅耳枥

3

C. putoensis Cheng

普陀鹅耳枥

3

C. tientaiensis Cheng

天台鹅耳枥

3

C. tschonoskii var. falcatibracteata (Hu) P. C. Li

镰苞鹅耳枥

3

C. turczaninowii Hance

鹅耳枥

3

144

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Betulaceae 桦木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. viminea Wall.

雷公鹅耳枥

3 3

Corylus 榛属 C. avellana L.

欧榛

3

C. chinensis Franch.

华榛

3

C. ferox Wall.

刺榛

3

C. ferox var. thibetica (Batal.) Franch.

藏刺榛

3

C. heterophylla Fisch.

榛

3

C. heterophylla var. sutchuenensis Franch.

川榛

3

C. mandshurica Maxim.

毛榛

3

C. sieboldiana Blume

角榛

3

C. yunnanensis A. Camus

滇榛

3 3

Ostrya 铁木属 O. japonica Sarg.

铁木

3

O. rehderiana Chun

天目铁木

3

O. trichocarpa D. Fang et Y. S. Wang

毛果铁木

3 3

Ostryopsis 虎榛子属 O. davidiana Decne.

虎榛子

3

O. nobilis Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

滇虎榛

3

27. Bignoniaceae 紫葳科 Trees, shrubs, or woody vines or climbers, rarely herbaceous; often with various tendrils or aerial roots. Leaves opposite, alternate or whorled, simple or pinnate, rarely palmate compound. Terminal leaflets or rachis sometimes becoming tendrils, hooked or climbing up, no stipules or leaflet-like pseudo-stipules, often glands at basal of petiole or vein axilla. Flowers bisexual, symmetrical, usually large. Inflorescences terminal or axillary cymes, panicles or racemes, or racemes clustered, rarely seen on old stems. Bracts or bracteoles present or caducous. Calyx campanulate, tubular, truncate, 2–5 dentate, or glandular subulate-dentate. Corolla sympetalous, campanulate or funnelform, often bilabiate, 5-lobed, Mayodendron igneum 火烧花 imbricate or valvate arranged. Fertile stamens usually 4, and staminode 1, or 2 and staminodes 3, rarely all 5 fertile stamens, born on corolla tube. Disks present, annular, fleshy. Ovary superior, 2-locule, rarely 1-locule, or 4-locule in well-developed septum. Axile or lateral placentation. Ovules numerous, superimposed. Style filiform. Stigma 2-lipped. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal or septicidal dehiscent, various shapes, smooth or spiny, usually pendulous. Seeds usually winged or with pubescence at both ends. Some 116–120 genera and 650–750 species occur mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. A total of 26 genera and 40 species found in China. A total of 61 species, three varieties and one formas of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

145

gardens. A number of 63% (25/40) species and 92% (24/26) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-27

continued

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Bignoniaceae

Bignoniaceae 紫葳科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Amphilophium

3

A. cynanchoides (DC.) L. G. Lohmann

3 3

Campsis 凌霄属 C. grandiflora (Thunb.) Schum.

凌霄

3

C. radicans (L.) Seem.

美国凌霄

3 3

Catalpa 梓属 C. bignonioides Walter

美国梓树

3

C. bungei C. A. Mey.

楸

3

C. fargesii Bureau

灰楸

3

C. fargesii f. duclouxii (Dode) Gilmour

滇楸

3

C. ovata G. Don

梓树

3

C. speciosa Warder. ex Engelm.

黄金树

3 3

Clytostoma 连理藤属 C. callistegioides (Cham.) Bur. et Schum.

连理藤

3 3

Crescentia 葫芦树属 C. alata Kunth

叉叶木

3

C. cujete L.

铁西瓜

3 3

Dolichandrone 银角树属 D. cauda-felina (Hance) Benth. et Hook. f.

猫尾木

3

D. serrulata (Wall. ex DC.) Seem.

光果猫尾木

3

D. spathacea (L. f.) Seem.

海滨猫尾木

3

D. stipulata (Wall.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke

西南猫尾木

3

D. stipulata var. kerrii (Sprague) C. Y. Wu et W. C. Yin

毛叶猫尾木

3

D. stipulata var. velutina (Kurz) C. B. Clarke

齿叶猫尾木

3

D. tomentosa (Benth.) Benth. ex B. D. Jacks.

扎伊尔猫尾木

3 3

Fernandoa 厚膜树属 F. guangxiensis D. D. Tao

广西厚膜树

3

Fridericia F. dichotoma (Jacq.) L. G. Lohmann

3

叉枝弗氏葳

3 3

Incarvillea 角蒿属 I. arguta (Royle) Royle

两头毛

3

I. compacta Maxim.

密生波罗花

3

I. delavayi Bureau et Franch.

红波罗花

3

I. forrestii Fletcher

单叶波罗花

3

I. lutea Bureau et Franch.

黄波罗花

3

I. mairei (Lévl.) Grierson

鸡肉参

3

I. mairei var. grandiflora (Wehrhahn) Grierson

大花鸡肉参

3

146

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Bignoniaceae 紫葳科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. sinensis Lam.

角蒿

3

I. zhongdianensis Gray-Wilson

中甸角蒿

3 3

Jacaranda 蓝花楹属 J. mimosifolia D. Don

蓝花楹

3

J. puberula Cham.

半齿蓝花楹

3 3

Kigelia 吊灯树属 K. africana (Lam.) Benth.

吊灯树

M. unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry

猫爪藤

蒜香藤

火烧花

老鸦烟筒花

照夜白

木蝴蝶

3 3

Pandorea 粉花凌霄属 P. jasminoides (Lindl.) K. Schum.

3 3

Oroxylum 木蝴蝶属 O. indicum (L.) Kurz

3 3

Nyctocalos 照夜白属 N. brunfelsiiflora Teijsm. et Binn.

3 3

Millingtonia 老鸦烟筒花属 M. hortensis L. f.

3 3

Mayodendron 火烧花属 M. igneum (Kurz) Kurz

3 3

Mansoa 蒜香藤属 M. alliacea (Lam.) A. H. Gentry

3 3

Macfadyena 猫爪藤属

粉花凌霄

3 3

Parmentiera 蜡烛树属 P. cereifera Seem.

蜡烛树

3

P. edulis Raf.

食用蜡烛木

3 3

Pauldopia 翅叶木属 P. ghorta (Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don) Steenis

翅叶木

3

Podranea 非洲凌霄属 P. ricasoliana (Tanf.) Sprague

非洲凌霄

3 3

Pyrostegia 炮仗藤属 P. venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers

3

炮仗花

3 3

Radermachera 菜豆树属 R. frondosa Chun et How

美叶菜豆树

3

R. hainanensis Merr.

海南菜豆树

3

R. microcalyx C. Y. Wu et W. C. Yin

小萼菜豆树

3

R. pentandra Hemsl.

豇豆树

3

R. sinica (Hance) Hemsl.

菜豆树

3

R. yunnanensis C. Y. Wu et W. C. Yin

滇菜豆树

3 3

Saritaea 紫铃藤属 S. magnifica (Steen.) Dugand

紫铃藤

3

Spathodea 火焰树属 S. campanulata Beauv.

3

火焰树

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Bignoniaceae 紫葳科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Stereospermum 羽叶楸属 S. chelonoides (L. f.) DC.

咸沙木

3

S. colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn) Mabb.

羽叶楸

3

S. fimbriatum (Wall. ex G. Don) DC.

流苏羽叶楸

3

S. neuranthum Kurz.

毛叶羽叶楸

3 3

Tabebuia 风铃木属 T. aurea (Manso) Benth. et Hook. f. ex S. Moore

银鳞风铃木

3

T. chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.

黄花风铃木

3

T. heterophylla (DC.) Britton

异叶黄钟木

3

T. impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.

紫花风铃木

3

T. rosea (Bertol.) DC.

紫绣球

3

T. roseoalba (Ridl.) Sandwith

粉花风铃木

3 3

Tecoma 黄钟花属 T. stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth

黄钟花

3 3

Tecomaria 硬骨凌霄属 T. capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.

硬骨凌霄

3

28. Bixaceae 红木科 Shrubs or small trees. Leaves simple, alternate, palmately veined; stipules small, caducous. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, arranged in panicles. Sepals 5, free, imbricate, fugacious. Petals 5, large and conspicuous, imbricate. Stamens many, free or basal slightly connate. Anthers apical slits. Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules many on parietal placentas. Style slender. Stigma 2 shallow lobes. Fruit a capsule, soft spiny, 2-valved. Seeds numerous; testa slightly fleshy and red; endosperm copious, embryo large; cotyledon broad and apical curvature. Bixa orellana 红木 A total of 1 genus and 5 species native to tropical America. Only 1 species is widely cultivated in China and other tropical regions. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-28

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Bixaceae

Bixaceae 红木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Bixa 红木属 B. orellana L.

Volume

红木

3

147

148

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

29. Bombacaceae 木棉科 Trees, large, often buttressed at trunk basal. Leaves alternate, palmately compound or simple, often scaly. Stipules caducous. Flowers bisexual, large and showy, actinomorphic, axillary or near-terminal, solitary or clustered. Calyx cup-shaped, apical flat or irregular 3–5-lobed. Petals 5, imbricate, sometimes basal connate with staminode tube, or sometimes apetalous. Stamens 5 to many, staminodes often persistent. Filaments free or connate into staminode tubes. Anthers reniform to linear, often 1 or 2-locule; ovary superior, often 1-, or 2-locule or 2–5 locules, 2 to many anatropous ovules per each locule, axial placenta. Style connate or 2–5 shallow lobed. Fruit a capsule, dorsal dehiscent or indehiscent. Pachira aquatica 水瓜栗 Seeds often embedded in endocarp hairs. About 30 genera and ca. 250 species widely occur in tropics, mostly tropical America. A total of three genera and five species found in China. A total of 12 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 60% (3/5) species and 100% (3/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-29

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Bombacaceae

Bombacaceae 木棉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Adansonia 猴面包树属 A. digitata L.

Volume

猴面包树

3 3

Bombax 木棉属 B. ceiba L.

木棉

3

B. insigne Wall.

长果木棉

3 3

Ceiba 吉贝属 C. insignis (Kunth) P. E. Gibbs et Semir

白花异木棉

3

C. pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

爪哇木棉

3

C. speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna

美丽异木棉

3 3

Durio 榴莲属 D. zibethinus L.

榴莲

3

Ochroma 轻木属 O. lagopus Swartz

3

轻木

3 3

Pachira 瓜栗属 P. aquatica Aubl.

水瓜栗

3

P. glabra Pasq.

马拉巴栗

3

P. quinata (Jacq.) W. S. Alverson

五叶瓜栗

3 3

Pseudobombax 番木棉属 P. ellipticum (Kunth) Dugand

龟纹木棉

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

149

30. Boraginaceae 紫草科 Herbs, less shrubs, trees or lianas, usually with bristles or bristles. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, margin entire or serrated, stipules absent. Inflorescences cymes or sickle-shaped cymes, rarely solitary; bracts or bracteoles. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx 5 sepals connate from basal to middle, mostly persistent. Corolla tubular, campanulate, funnelform or salverform, usually tube, throat, eaves three parts, eaves 5 lobes imbricate, rarely spiral, throat or tube with or without 5 appendages mostly trapezoidal, rarely other shape. Stamens 5, borne on corolla tube, rarely ascending to throat, whorled arrangement, rarely spiral arrangement, inside, rarely extending out of corolla. Anthers introrse, 2-locule, dorsifixed and longitudinal slits, nectaries arranged annularly at the base of corolla tube, or on the disc under ovary. Pistil 2 carpels, ovary 2 locules, 2 ovules per locule, or endocarp septum forming 4 locules, 1 ovule per locule, or ovary 4 (-2) split, 1 ovule each. Fruit a drupe with 1 to 4 seeds. Seeds erect or oblique. About 156 genera and 2500 species across temperate and tropical regions, but centered in Mediterranean region. A total of 48 genera and 327 species occur in China. Onosma paniculatum 滇紫草 A total of 51 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 12% (38/327) species and 40% (19/48) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-30

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Boraginaceae

continued

Boraginaceae 紫草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Anchusa 牛舌草属 A. italica Retz.

牛舌草

3

A. officinalis L.

药用牛舌草

3 3

Bothriospermum 斑种草属 B. tenellum (Hornem.) Fisch. et C. A. Mey.

柔弱斑种草

3

Carmona 基及树属 C. microphylla (Lam.) G. Don

3

基及树

3 3

Cordia 破布木属 C. alliodora (Ruiz et Pav.) Oken

蒜味破布木

3

C. dichotoma G. Forst.

破布木

3

C. furcans I. M. Johnst.

二叉破布木

3

C. sebestena L.

仙枝

3

150

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Boraginaceae 紫草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. amabile Stapf et Drumm.

倒提壶

3

C. divaricatum Steph. ex Lehm.

大果琉璃草

3

C. lanceolatum Forssk.

小花琉璃草

3

C. officinale L.

红花琉璃草

3

C. wallichii G. Don

西南琉璃草

3

C. zeylanicum (Vahl) Thunb.

琉璃草

3

3

Cynoglossum 琉璃草属

3

Echium 蓝蓟属 E. plantagineum L.

车前叶蓝蓟

3

E. vulgare L.

蓝蓟

3 3

Ehretia 厚壳树属 E. acuminata (DC.) R. Br.

厚壳树

3

E. asperula Zoll. et Moritzi

宿苞厚壳树

3

E. corylifolia C. H. Wright

西南粗糠树

3

E. densiflora F. N. Wei et H. Q. Wen

密花厚壳树

3

E. laevis Roxb.

毛萼厚壳树

3

E. longiflora Champ. ex Benth.

长花厚壳树

3

E. macrophylla Wall.

粗糠树

3

E. macrophylla var. glabrescens (Nakai) Y. L. Liu

光叶粗糠树

3

E. pingbianensis Y. L. Liu

屏边厚壳树

3

E. tsangii Johnst

上思厚壳树

3 3

Heliotropium 天芥菜属 H. acutiflorum Kar. et Kir.

尖花天芥菜

3

H. arborescens L.

南美天芥菜

3

H. ellipticum Ledeb

椭圆叶天芥菜

3

H. indicum L.

大尾摇

3

H. pseudoindicum H. Chuang

拟大尾摇

3

H. strigosum Willd.

糙叶天芥菜

3 3

Lappula 鹤虱属 L. patula (Lehm.) Asch. ex Gürke

卵盘鹤虱

L. stylosa (Kar. et Kir.) Brand.

3 3

Lindelofia 长柱琉璃草属 长柱琉璃草

3 3

Lithospermum 紫草属 L. erythrorhizon Siebold et Zucc.

紫草

3

L. hancockianum Oliv.

石生紫草

3

L. zollingeri DC.

梓木草

3 3

Nonea 假狼紫草属 N. capsica (Willd.) G. Don.

假狼紫草

3 3

Onosma 滇紫草属 O. cingulatum W. W. Smith

昭通滇紫草

3

O. gmelinii Ldb.

黄花滇紫草

3

O. paniculatum Bur. et Franch.

滇紫草

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Boraginaceae 紫草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. sinicum Diels

小叶滇紫草

3 3

Sinojohnstonia 车前紫草属 S. chekiangensis (Migo) W. T. Wang

浙赣车前紫草

3

S. moupinensis (Franch) W. T. Wang

短蕊车前紫草

3 3

Symphytum 聚合草属 S. asperum Lepech.

糙叶聚合草

3

S. officinale L.

聚合草

3 3

Thyrocarpus 盾果草属 T. sampsonii Hance

3

盾果草

3

Tournefortia 紫丹属 T. montana Lour.

3

紫丹

3

Trichodesma 毛束草属 T. calycosum Collett et Hemsl.

3

毛束草

3

Trigonotis 附地菜属 T. cavaleriei (Levl.) Hand.-Mazz.

西南附地菜

3

T. nandanensis C. J. wang

南丹附地菜

3

T. peduncularis (Trev.) Benth. ex Baker et Moore

附地菜

3

31. Bretschneideraceae 伯乐树科 Tree. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate compound. Leaflets opposite or lower ones alternate, petiolulate, margin entire, veins pinnate. Stipules absent. Flowers large, bisexual, zygomorphic, terminal racemes, erect. Calyx broad campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, free, imbricate unequally, back 2 smaller and on upper part of calyx tube. Stamens 8, basal connate, on lower part of calyx, slightly shorter than petals. Filaments filamentous. Anthers dorsifixed. Pistil 1, ovary sessile, superior, 3–5 loculed, placenta axile, 2 ovules per locule, pendulous. Style slightly longer than stamens. Stigma capitate, small. Fruit a capsule, 3–5-valved, thick, woody. Seeds large. Only 1 species found in S China, N Thailand and N Vietnam. Only one species and one genus of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens.

Bretschneidera sinensis 伯乐树 Table IV-31

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Bretschneideraceae

Bretschneideraceae 伯乐树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Bretschneidera 伯乐树属 B. sinensis Hemsl.

Volume

伯乐树

3

151

152

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

32. Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic; plants without alkaloids bud often with proteolytic enzymes, with mucus ducts and acicular crystals, with silicon epidemic cells. Stem short. Leaves narrow, evergreen, spirally arranged (lotus-like arrangement); veins parallel, simple, margin entire or spiny serrated, often with peltate petiolate scales absorbing water, upper side depressed and basal often sheathed as rain water reservoir by leaf sheath. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic. Inflorescence terminal spike, racemose, capitate or panicle. Bracts often conspicuous and brightcolored, birds, insects or bats, rarely wind-pollination or cleistogamy. Sepals 3, free or basal connate, imbricate. Guzmania conifera 球果凤梨 Petals 3, free or sympetalous tubular, imbricate, often with 1 scalelike appendages at base. Stamens 6, at base of corolla tube, or adnate to petals, 2 whorled. Fruit a berry, capsule or sometimes fleshy compounded. Seeds often winged or hairy on capsules. About 50 genera and 2000–2600 species mostly occur in tropical America, except for Pitcairnia feliciana (A. Chev.) Harms et Mildbr.in tropical W Africa. Additional genera, e.g., Billbergia Thunberg, are cultivated in China as ornamentals. A total of 213 species, 16 varieties and three forms of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. Only one species and two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-32

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Bromeliaceae

continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Acanthostachys 刺穗凤梨属 A. strobilacea (Schult. et Schult. f.) Klotzsch

Volume 3

刺穗凤梨

3 3

Aechmea 光萼荷属 A. allenii L. B. Smith

3

A. alopecurus Mez

狐尾光萼荷

3

A. andersonii H. E. Luther et Leme

安德森光萼荷

3

A. angustifolia Poeppig et Endlicher

白果菠萝

3

A. aquilega (Salisb.) Griseb.

鹰爪光萼荷

3

A. biflora (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith et M. A. Spencer

3

A. blanchetiana (Baker) L. B. Smith

布兰切特光萼荷

3

A. bracteata (Sw.) Griseb.

苞叶光萼荷

3

A. bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker

凤梨叶光萼荷

3

A. caesia E. Morren ex Baker

蓝光萼荷

3

A. calyculata (E. Morren) Baker

小萼光萼荷

3

A. capixabae L. B. Smith

光萼荷

3

A. castanea L. B. Smith

栗色光萼荷

3

A. caudata Lindm.

长序光萼荷 (尾花光萼荷)

3

A. chantinii (Carrière) Baker

斑马凤梨

3

A. curranii (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith et M. A. Spencer

柯伦光萼荷

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. cylindrata Lindm.

柱花光萼荷

3

A. distichantha Lem.

对列花光萼荷

3

A. distichantha f. albiflora L. B. Smith

白花对列花光萼荷

3

A. distichantha var. schlumbergeri E. Morren ex Mez

粗壮对列花光萼荷

3

A. emmerichiae Leme

艾默光萼荷

3

A. farinosa (Regel) L. B. Smith

被粉光萼荷

3

A. fasciata (Lindl.) Baker

美叶光萼荷 (粉菠萝)

3

A. fasciata var. purpurea (Guillon) Mez

紫红美叶光萼荷

3

A. fendleri André ex Mez

芬德勒光萼荷

3

A. filicaulis (Griseb.) Mez

长穗光萼荷

3

A. fulgens Brongn.

珊瑚凤梨

3

A. fulgens var. discolor (C. Morren) Brongn. ex Baker

亮叶异色珊瑚

3

A. gamosepala Wittm.

瓶刷凤梨

3

A. gigantea Baker

巨光萼荷

3

A. gracilis Lindm.

小瓶刷凤梨

3

A. hoppii (Harms) L. B. Smith

霍普光萼荷

3

A. incompta Leme et H. E. Luther

小硬叶光萼荷

3

A. kentii (H. E. Luther) L. B. Smith et M. A. Spencer

肯特光萼荷

3

A. leptantha (Harms) Leme et J. A. Siqueira

细花光萼荷

3

A. lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Mez

莱德曼光萼荷

3

A. marauensis Leme

大苞光萼荷

3

A. mexicana Baker

墨西哥光萼荷

3

A. miniata (Beer) Baker

红花光萼荷

3

A. nudicaulis (L.) Griseb.

裸茎光萼荷

3

A. organensis Wawra

琴山光萼荷

3

A. penduliflora André

垂花光萼荷

3

A. pineliana (Brongn. ex Planch.) Baker

皮内利光萼荷

3

A. purpureorosea (Hooker) Wawra

玫瑰紫光萼荷

3

A. racinae L. B. Smith

拉氏光萼荷

3

A. ramosa Mart. ex Schult. f.

多序光萼荷

3

A. ramosa var. festiva L. B. Bm

光叶凤梨

3

A. recurvata (Klotzsch) L. B. Smith

曲叶光萼荷

3

A. recurvata var. benrathii (Mez) Reitz

本氏曲叶光萼荷

3

A. recurvata var. ortgiesii (Baker) Reitz

奥氏曲叶光萼荷

3

A. roberto-seidelii E. Pereira

罗赛光萼荷

3

A. rubrolilacina Leme

紫红光萼荷

3

A. serrata (L.) Mez

齿缘光萼荷

3

A. servitensis André

赛维塔光萼荷

3

A. strobilina (Beurling) L. B. Smith et R. W. Read

圆锥光萼荷

3

A. triticina Mez

麦穗光萼荷

3

A. tuitensis Magaña et E. J. Lott

图藤斯尔苏凤梨

3

A. vallerandii (Carrière) Erhardt, Götz et Seybold

瓦勒朗光萼荷

3

A. victoriana L. B. Smith

维多利亚光萼荷

3

A. victoriana var. discolor M. B. Foster

紫背维多利亚光萼荷

3

153

154

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. weilbachii f. leodiensis (André) E. Pereira et Leme

紫绿叶韦伯克光萼荷

3

A. weilbachii f. viridisepala E. Pereira et Leme

绿萼韦伯克光萼荷

3

A. winkleri Reitz

温克勒光萼荷

3 3

Alcantarea 丝瓣凤梨属 A. imperialis (Carrière) Harms

帝王凤梨

3

A. regina (Vellozo) Harms

女王凤梨

3 3

Ananas 凤梨属 A. ananassoides var. nanus L. B. Smith

矮小菠萝

3

A. bracteatus var. striatus M. B. Foster

三色凤梨

3

A. comosus (L.) Merr.

凤梨

3

A. goeldianus L. B. Smith

金冠多穗凤梨

3

A. parviflorus (Martius et Schultes f.) Lindman

小花多穗凤梨

3

Araeococcus 多穗凤梨属

B. amoena var. stolonifera E. Pereira et Moutinho B. decora Poeppig et Endlicher

3 美丽水塔花

3

考茨基水塔花

3

B. euphemiae E. Morren B. kautskyana E. Pereira

3 3

Billbergia 水塔花属

3

B. kuhlmannii L. B. Smith

3

B. leptopoda L. B. Smith

3

B. lietzei E. Morren

雷氏水塔花

3

B. manarae Steyermark

马纳拉水塔花

3

B. nutans H. Wendland ex Regel

垂花水塔花

3

B. pyramidalis (Sims) Lindl.

水塔花

3

B. rosea Hortus ex Beer

玫瑰红水塔花

3

B. sanderiana E. Morren

桑德水塔花

3

B. viridiflora H. L. Wendl.

绿花水塔花

3

B. zebrina (Herbert) Lindley

斑马水塔花

3 3

Bromelia 红心凤梨属 B. pinguin L.

企鹅红心凤梨

3

B. serra Grisebach

齿叶模式凤梨

3

C. billbergioides (Schult. et Schult. f.) Leme

松伞拟心花凤梨

3

C. burchellii (Baker) Leme

伯切尔拟心花凤梨

3

C. correia-araujoi (E. Pereira et Leme) Leme

科雷亚拟心花凤梨

3

3

Canistropsis 姜黄凤梨属

C. elata (E. Pereira et Leme) Leme

高尚拟心花凤梨

3

C. microps (E. Morren ex Mez) Leme

小红巢凤梨

3 3

Catopsis 粉衣凤梨属 C. floribunda L. B. Smith C. morreniana Mez

多花嘉宝凤梨

3

默仁嘉宝凤梨

3

姬凤梨

3

3

Cryptanthus 姬凤梨属 C. acaulis (Lindl.) Beer C. bivittatus (Hook.) Regel

双带姬凤梨

3

C. bromelioides Otto et Dietr.

长叶姬凤梨

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. colnagoi Rauh et Leme

克纳哥姬凤梨

3

C. delicatus Leme

优雅姬凤梨

3

C. lutherianus I. Ramirez

路德姬凤梨

3

C. marginatus L. B. Smith

波缘姬凤梨

3

C. warren-loosei Leme

沃伦姬凤梨

3

C. zonatus (Vis.) Beer

虎纹姬凤梨

C. sinuosus L. B. Smith

3

3 3

Deuterocohnia 刺垫凤梨属 D. brevifolia (Grisebach) M. A. Spencer et L. B. Smith

短叶德氏凤梨

3

D. lorentziana (Mez) M. A. Spencer et L. B. Smith

洛伦兹德氏凤梨

3

短叶雀舌兰

3

3

Dyckia 雀舌兰属 D. brevifolia Baker D. cinerea Mez

灰叶雀舌兰

3

D. encholirioides (Gaudichaud) Mez

拟大刺雀舌兰

3

D. leptostachya Baker

长叶雀舌兰

3

D. marnier-lapostollei L. B. Smith

银白叶雀舌兰

3

D. niederleinii Mez

尼德尔氏雀舌兰

3

D. platyphylla L. B. Smith

阔叶雀舌兰

3

D. remotiflora var. montevidensis (K. Koch) L. B. Smith

蒙特登疏花雀舌兰

3

D. velascana Mez

灰绿雀舌兰

3 3

Fosterella 卷药凤梨属 F. albicans (Grisebach) L. B. Smith

白花伏氏凤梨

3

F. penduliflora (C. H. Wright) L. B. Smith

垂花伏氏凤梨

3

F. spectabilis H. Luther

美丽伏氏凤梨

3

F. villosula (Harms) L. B. Smith

长毛伏氏凤梨

3

球果凤梨

3

3

Guzmania 星花凤梨属 G. conifera (André) André ex Mez G. lingulata var. cardinalis (André) Mez

暗红姑凤梨

3

G. lingulata var. minor (Mez) L. B. Smith et Pittendr.

小玫红果子蔓

3

G. melinonis Regel

圆柱果子蔓

3

G. monostachia var. variegata Hort. ex Nash

白条纹单穗果子蔓

3

G. sanguinea (André) André ex Mez

红叶果子蔓

3

G. wittmackii (André) André ex Mez

维特果子蔓

3

蓝花哈蒂凤梨

3

3

Hechtia 刺齿凤梨属 H. caerulea (Matuda) L. B. Smith H. caudata L. B. Smith H. epigyna Harms

3 上位哈蒂凤梨

3

H. guatemalensis Mez

危地马拉哈蒂凤梨

3

H. marnier-lapostollei L. B. Smith

银白哈蒂凤梨

3 3

Hohenbergia 松塔凤梨属 H. correia-arauji E. Pereira et Moutinho

石纹球花凤梨

3

H. littoralis L. B. Smith

滨球花凤梨

3

白纹长序凤梨

3

3

Neoglaziovia 长序凤梨属 N. variegata (Arruda da Camara) Mez

155

156

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Neoregelia 彩叶凤梨属 N. ampullacea (E. Morren) L. B. Smith

Volume

瓶状彩叶凤梨

3

N. bahiana (Ule) L. B. Smith

巴伊亚彩叶凤梨

3

N. capixaba E. Pereira et Leme

圣埃斯皮里图彩叶凤梨

3

N. carolinae (Beer) L. B. Smith

彩叶凤梨

3

N. coimbrae E. Pereira et Leme

科英布拉彩叶凤梨

3

N. compacta (Mez) L. B. Smith

致密彩叶凤梨

3

N. concentrica (Vell.) L. B. Smith

同心彩叶凤梨

3

N. doeringiana L. B. Smith

多林彩叶凤梨

3

N. eltoniana W. Weber

埃尔顿彩叶凤梨

3

N. maculata L. B. Smith

斑点彩叶凤梨

3

N. martinellii W. Weber

马丁彩叶凤梨

3

N. odorata Leme

香水彩叶凤梨

3

N. pauciflora L. B. Smith

少花彩叶凤梨

3

N. punctatissima (Ruschi) Ruschi

斑纹彩叶凤梨

3

N. rosea L. B. Smith

粉红彩叶凤梨

3

N. rubrifolia Ruschi

红彩叶凤梨

3

N. rubrovittata Leme

红条纹彩叶凤梨

3

N. sarmentosa (Regel) L. B. Smith

匐茎彩叶凤梨

3

N. simulans L. B. Smith

相似彩叶凤梨

3

N. spectabilis (T. Moore) L. B. Smith

端红彩叶凤梨

3

N. tarapotoensis Rauh

塔拉波托彩叶凤梨

3

N. uleana L. B. Smith

乌丽娜彩叶凤梨

3

N. wilsoniana M. B. Foster

威尔逊彩叶凤梨

3

N. zonata L. B. Smith

紫纹彩叶凤梨

3

伯切尔巢凤梨

3

3

Nidularium 鸟巢凤梨属 N. burchellii (Baker) Mez N. campos-portoi (L. B. Smith) Leme

坎波斯波尔图巢凤梨

3

N. correia-araujoi E. Pereira et Leme

科雷亚凤梨

3

N. fulgens Lem.

锦巢凤梨

3

N. innocentii Lemaire

深紫巢凤梨

3

N. rutilans E. Morren

微红鸟巢凤梨

3 3

Orthophytum 叶苞凤梨属 O. alvimii W. Weber

阿尔万莪萝凤梨

3

O. benzingii Leme et H. E. Luther

本辛莪萝凤梨

3

O. disjunctum L. B. Smith

间断莪萝凤梨

3

O. foliosum L. B. Smith

叶序莪萝凤梨

3

O. glabrum (Mez) Mez

光叶莪萝凤梨

3

O. gurkenii Hutchison

虎斑莪萝凤梨

3

O. lemei E. Pereira et I. A. Penna

莱米莪萝凤梨

3

O. leprosum (Mez) Mez

癞莪萝凤梨

3

O. magalhaesii L. B. Smith

马加良斯莪萝凤梨

3

O. maracasense L. B. Smith

马拉卡纳莪萝凤梨

3

O. rubrum L. B. Smith

红花莪萝凤梨

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. sanctum L. B. Smith

圣莪萝凤梨

3

O. saxicola (Ule) L. B. Smith

岩生莪萝凤梨

3

暗淡籽皮氏凤梨

3

3

Pitcairnia 艳红凤梨属 P. amblyosperma L. B. Smith P. andreana Linden

安德烈皮氏凤梨

3

P. flammea Lindley

火焰皮氏凤梨

3

P. integrifolia Ker-Gawler

全缘皮氏凤梨

3

P. orchidifolia Mez

兰叶皮氏凤梨

3

P. saxicola L. B. Smith

岩生皮氏凤梨

3

P. xanthocalyx Martius

黄萼皮氏凤梨

3

翅萼星果凤梨

3

3

Portea 塔序凤梨属 P. alatisepala Philcox P. petropolitana var. extensa L. B. Smith

3

Puya 龙舌凤梨属

3

P. alpestris (Poeppig) Gay

高山普亚凤梨

P. coerulea Lindl.

3 3

P. laxa L. B. Smith

疏花普亚凤梨

3

P. mirabilis (Mez) L. B. Smith

奇异普亚凤梨

3

Q. indecora Mez

非礼魁氏凤梨

3

Q. liboniana (de Jonghe) Mez

利邦魁氏凤梨

3

空中康乃馨铁兰 (红铁兰)

3

3

Quesnelia 丽冠凤梨属

3

Tillandsia 铁兰属 T. aeranthos (Loiseleur) L. B. Smith T. araujei Mez

阿珠伊铁兰

3

T. bergeri Mez

贝吉铁兰

3

T. bulbosa Hook.

小蝴蝶铁兰

3

T. butzii Mez

虎斑铁兰 (小天堂铁兰)

3

T. caput-medusae E. Morren

美杜莎铁兰

3

T. concolor L. B. Smith

空可乐铁兰

3

T. cyanea Linden ex K. Koch

紫花铁兰

3

T. ehlersiana Rauh

河豚铁兰

3

T. espinosae L. B. Smith

血滴子铁兰

3

T. fasciculata Swartz

费西古拉塔铁兰

3

T. filifolia Schlechtendal et Chamisso

绿毛毛铁兰

3

T. fuchsii W. Till

海胆铁兰

3

T. funebris Castellanos

淡黑铁兰

3

T. hammeri Rauh et Ehlers

哈马氏铁兰

3

T. harrisii Ehlers

哈里斯铁兰

3

T. hondurensis Rauh

洪都拉斯铁兰

3

T. intermedia Mez

花中花铁兰

3

T. ionantha Planchon

精灵铁兰

3

T. ionantha var. van-hyningii M. B. Foster

长茎小精灵铁兰

3

T. ixioides Grisebach

黄水晶铁兰

3

T. jalisco-monticola Matuda

红杉铁兰

3

157

158

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. lindenii Regel

林登氏铁兰

3

T. multicaulis Steud.

多茎铁兰

3

T. neglecta E. Pereira

忘记她铁兰

3

T. paleacea Presl

粗糠铁兰

3

T. rodrigueziana Mez

凤尾铁兰

3

T. seleriana Mez

犀角铁兰

3

T. stricta Solander

多国花铁兰

3

T. sucrei E. Pereira

苏黎世铁兰

3

T. tenuifolia L.

细叶铁兰

3

T. usneoides (L.) L.

松萝铁兰

3

T. xerographica Rohweder

霸王铁兰

3 3

Vriesea 丽穗凤梨属 V. bleherae Röth et W. Weber

布氏丽穗凤梨

3

V. botafogensis Mez

博塔弗戈丽穗凤梨

3

V. carinata Wawra

莺歌丽穗凤梨

3

V. ensiformis (Vellozo) Beer

单箭丽穗凤梨

3

V. ospinae H. E. Luther

黄花丽穗凤梨

3

V. philippo-coburgii Wawra

菲库丽穗凤梨

3

V. splendens (Brongn.) Lem.

虎纹丽穗凤梨

3

33. Buddlejaceae 醉鱼草科 Shrubs, a few trees, rarely subshrubs or herbs; usually with glandular hairs or stellate hairs. Stems opposite, cylindrical or prismatic with linear wings. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or cluster, margins entire or serrated; veins pinnate. Petioles short. Stipules on basal petioles, auricular or semicircular, or degenerated into linear stipule scar. Inflorescences conical, spicate, racemose or capitate cymes. Flowers axillary or terminal, rarely supraaxillary or subaxillary. Bracts linear; flowers four. Calyx campanulate, with densely stellate hairs on surface, smooth or hairy on inner surface. Corolla salverform or campanulate, erect or curvature, outer Buddleja davidii 大叶醉鱼草 surface hairy or smooth, sometimes glandular, inner surface stellate hairs, corolla lobes actinomorphic, imbricate arranged and rarely valvate when bud break. Stamens on inner wall of corolla tube and alternate with corolla lobes. Fruit a capsule, septicidal dehiscence, or berry without dehiscence. Seeds numerous, small, winged. About 7 genera and 150 species mostly in America, Africa and tropical Asia. About 18 species found in China. A total of 19 species of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 100% (18/18) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

158

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Bromeliaceae 凤梨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. lindenii Regel

林登氏铁兰

3

T. multicaulis Steud.

多茎铁兰

3

T. neglecta E. Pereira

忘记她铁兰

3

T. paleacea Presl

粗糠铁兰

3

T. rodrigueziana Mez

凤尾铁兰

3

T. seleriana Mez

犀角铁兰

3

T. stricta Solander

多国花铁兰

3

T. sucrei E. Pereira

苏黎世铁兰

3

T. tenuifolia L.

细叶铁兰

3

T. usneoides (L.) L.

松萝铁兰

3

T. xerographica Rohweder

霸王铁兰

3 3

Vriesea 丽穗凤梨属 V. bleherae Röth et W. Weber

布氏丽穗凤梨

3

V. botafogensis Mez

博塔弗戈丽穗凤梨

3

V. carinata Wawra

莺歌丽穗凤梨

3

V. ensiformis (Vellozo) Beer

单箭丽穗凤梨

3

V. ospinae H. E. Luther

黄花丽穗凤梨

3

V. philippo-coburgii Wawra

菲库丽穗凤梨

3

V. splendens (Brongn.) Lem.

虎纹丽穗凤梨

3

33. Buddlejaceae 醉鱼草科 Shrubs, a few trees, rarely subshrubs or herbs; usually with glandular hairs or stellate hairs. Stems opposite, cylindrical or prismatic with linear wings. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or cluster, margins entire or serrated; veins pinnate. Petioles short. Stipules on basal petioles, auricular or semicircular, or degenerated into linear stipule scar. Inflorescences conical, spicate, racemose or capitate cymes. Flowers axillary or terminal, rarely supraaxillary or subaxillary. Bracts linear; flowers four. Calyx campanulate, with densely stellate hairs on surface, smooth or hairy on inner surface. Corolla salverform or campanulate, erect or curvature, outer Buddleja davidii 大叶醉鱼草 surface hairy or smooth, sometimes glandular, inner surface stellate hairs, corolla lobes actinomorphic, imbricate arranged and rarely valvate when bud break. Stamens on inner wall of corolla tube and alternate with corolla lobes. Fruit a capsule, septicidal dehiscence, or berry without dehiscence. Seeds numerous, small, winged. About 7 genera and 150 species mostly in America, Africa and tropical Asia. About 18 species found in China. A total of 19 species of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 100% (18/18) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-33

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

159

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Buddlejaceae

Buddlejaceae 醉鱼草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. albiflora Hemsl.

巴东醉鱼草

3

B. alternifolia Maxim.

互叶醉鱼草

3

B. asiatica Lour.

白背枫

3

B. candida Dunn

密香醉鱼草

3

B. caryopteridifolia W. W. Smith

莸叶醉鱼草

3

B. colvilei J. D. Hooker et Thomson

大花醉鱼草

3

B. crispa Benth.

皱叶醉鱼草

3

B. curviflora Hook. Arn.

弯花醉鱼草

3

B. davidii Franch.

大叶醉鱼草

3

B. fallowiana Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

紫花醉鱼草

3

B. forrestii Marq.

苍山醉鱼草

3

B. lindleyana Fort.

醉鱼草

3

B. macrostachya Wall. ex Benth.

大序醉鱼草

3

B. madagascariensis Lamk.

浆果醉鱼草

3

B. myriantha Diels

3

Buddleja 醉鱼草属

酒药花醉鱼草

3

B. nivea Duthie

金少江醉鱼草

3

B. officinalis Maxim.

密蒙花

3

B. paniculata Wall.

喉药醉鱼草

3

B. yunnanensis Gagnep.

云南醉鱼草

3

34. Burmanniaceae 水玉簪科 Annual or perennial herbs, often saprophytic, few autotrophic green plants. Stems slender, unbranched, often rhizomatous or tuberous. Leaves simple, cauline or basal, entire, or degenerated into red, yellow or white scales. Flowers bisexual, very rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or bilaterally symmetry. Inflorescences terminal, or spike-shaped, racemose or dichasium or pleiochasium or flower solitary. Perianth basal connate tubular, winged, lobes 6 in 2 whorls, inner whorl often small or absent, often with prominent appendages. Stamens 6 or 3, on perianth tube. Filaments short. Burmannia disticha 水玉簪 Anther connectives broad, with appendages, longitudinal or transverse slits. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed with axile placentation, or 1-loculed with parietal placentation; ovules numerous, small, anatropous. Style 1, filiform or conical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, sometimes fleshy, irregularly dehiscent or transversely dehiscent, rarely valvular dehiscent, winged or absent. Seeds small, numerous. About 16 genera and 148 species occur in tropical and subtropical regions over the world. Two genera and 14 species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A number of 21% (3/14) species and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in the botanical garden.

160

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-34

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Burmanniaceae

Burmanniaceae 水玉簪科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Burmannia 水玉簪属 B. disticha L.

水玉簪

3

B. itoana Makino

纤草

3

B. nepalensis (Miers) Hook. f.

宽翅水玉簪

3

35. Burseraceae 橄榄科 Trees or shrubs, resiniferous. Leaves imparipinnate compound, rarely simple, alternate, more in upper branches, without glandular spots. Leaflets entire or serrated, stipules presence or absence. Inflorescences panicles or rarely racemes or spikes, axillary or sometimes terminal. Flowers small, 3–5-merous, actinomorphic, unisexual, bisexual or polygamous; monoecious or dioecious. Calyx and corolla imbricate or valvate. Sepals 3–6, basally more or less connate, petals 3–6, alternate with sepals, often free. Flower disk cupular, discoid or altar, usually conspicuous, sometimes connate with ovary to form “ovary disk”. Stamens often degenerate in pistils, 1–2 whorled, equal to Canarium strictum 滇榄 or more than 2 times petals at basal disc, free or sometimes connate at basal, and opposite to petals. Fruit a drupe, exocarp fleshy, indehiscent, rarely lignified and dehiscent, endocarp bony, rarely papery. Seeds no endosperm. About 16 genera and 550 species occur in tropical regions over the world. Five genera and 13 species found in China. A total of 12 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 92% (12/13) species and 60% (3/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-35

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Burseraceae

Burseraceae 橄榄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Bursera 裂榄属 B. fagaroides (H. B. K.) Engl.

Volume

芬芳橄榄

3 3

Canarium 橄榄属 C. album (Lour.) Raeusch

橄榄

3

C. bengalense Roxb.

方榄

3

C. pimela Leenh.

乌榄

3

C. strictum Roxb.

滇榄

3

C. subulatum Guill.

毛叶榄

3

C. tonkinense Engl.

越榄

3

Garuga 嘉榄属

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

161

continued Burseraceae 橄榄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. floribunda var. gamblei (King ex Smith) Kalkman

多花白头树

3

G. forrestii W. W. Smith

白头树

3

G. pierrei Guill.

光叶白头树

3

G. pinnata Roxb.

羽叶白头树

3 3

Protium 马蹄果属 P. serratum (Wall. ex Colebn.) Engl.

马蹄果

3

P. yunnanense (Hu) Kalkman

滇马蹄果

3

36. Butomaceae 花蔺科 Annual or perennial swamp or aquatic herbs, often with milky juice. Rhizome stout and creep. Leaves basal, triangular linear or elliptic. Petiolate or sessile, basal sheath. Flower simple, bisexual, terminal, or umbel inflorescence, with 3 bracts at basal inflorescence. Perianth 6, free, uniform and 2-whorled. Sepals 3 at outer whorl, green, nearly leathery, persistent. Petals 3 at inner whorl, larger, membranous, fugacious. Stamens (6–) 9 (numerous). Filaments free, flat, basal broad. Anthers 2-celled, basifixed. Pistils 6 or many, free or basal connate. Ovary superior, 1 locule, ovules many. Fruit a follicle. Seeds numerous, embryo erect or curved, without endosperm. Limnocharis flava 黄花蔺 One genus and one or two species occur in tropical regions Americas and are also found in S Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Three genera and ca. three species found in China. A total of 4 species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 100% (3/3) species and all three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-36

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Butomaceae

Butomaceae 花蔺科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Butomopsis 拟花蔺属 B. latifolia (D. Don) Kunth

拟花蔺

花蔺

水罂粟

3 3

Limnocharis 黄花蔺属 L. flava (L.) Buch.

3 3

Hydrocleys 水金英属 H. nymphoides (Willd.) Buch.

3 3

Butomus 花蔺属 B. umbellatus L.

Volume

黄花蔺

3

162

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

37. Buxaceae 黄杨科 Small trees, shrubs or herbs, evergreen. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, entire or dentated; venation pinnate or triplinerved, stipule absence. Flowers small, uniform, apetalous, unisexual, monoecious or dioecious. Inflorescence racemose or densely spicate with bracts. Male sepals 4; female sepals 6; in two whorls, imbricate. Stamens 4, opposite to sepals. Pistils often 3 carpels (rarely 2). Ovary superior, 3 locules (rarely 2 locules). Style 3 (rarely 2), often free, persistent. Stigma downward recurved. Ovules 2 per locule, bitegmic, pendent, anatropous, ridge dorsal suture. Fruit a capsule with dorsal dehiscence, or a fleshy drupe-like fruit. Seeds black, bright, fleshy endosperm, straight embryo, thin or plump cotyledons. Pachysandra terminalis 顶花板凳果 Four or five genera and ca. 70 species occur in Africa, America, Asia, Europe. Three genera and 39 species found in China. A total of 21 species, two subspecies and six varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 59% (23/39) species and all three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-37

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Buxaceae

Buxaceae 黄杨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Buxus 黄杨属 B. austro-yunnanensis Hatusima

滇南黄杨

3

B. bodinieri Lévl.

雀舌黄杨

3

B. chaoanensis H. G. Ye

潮安黄杨

3

B. hainanensis Merr.

海南黄杨

3

B. harlandii Hance

匙叶黄杨

3

B. henryi Mayr

大花黄杨

3

B. ichangensis Hatusima

宜昌黄杨

3

B. latistyla Gagnep.

阔柱黄杨

3

B. megistophylla Lévl.

大叶黄杨

3

B. microphylla var. koreana Nakai

朝鲜黄杨

3

B. myrica Lévl.

杨梅黄杨

3

B. rugulosa Hatusima

皱叶黄杨

3

B. rugulosa ssp. rupicola (W. W. Sm.) Hatus.

岩生黄杨

3

B. sempervirens L.

锦熟黄杨

3

B. sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng

黄杨

3

B. sinica ssp. aemulans (Rehd. et Wils.) M. Cheng

尖叶黄杨

3

B. sinica var. parvifolia M. Cheng

小叶黄杨

3

B. sinica var. pumila M. Cheng

矮生黄杨

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Buxaceae 黄杨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. sinica var. vacciniifolia M. Cheng

越桔叶黄杨

3

B. stenophylla Hance

狭叶黄杨

3 3

Pachysandra 板凳果属 P. axillaris Franch.

板凳果

3

P. axillaris var. stylosa (Dunn) M. Cheng

多毛板凳果

3

P. terminalis Siebold et Zucc.

顶花板凳果

3 3

Sarcococca 野扇花属 S. hookeriana Baill.

羽脉野扇花

3

S. hookeriana var. digyna Franch.

双蕊野扇花

3

S. orientalis C. Y. Wu

东方野扇花

3

S. ruscifolia Stapf

野扇花

3

S. vagans Stapf

海南野扇花

3

S. wallichii Stapf

云南野扇花

3

38. Cabombaceae 莼菜科 Herbs, aquatic, perennial. Rhizomes small, creeping. Stems slender, multi-branched, gelatinous sheathed. Leaves floating, dimorphic, alternate, peltate, margin entire, long petioles; submerged leaves from axillary buds. Petiole and pedicel with colloid substances. Flowers small, solitary. Sepals and petals persistent. Stamens 12–18. Filament conical. Anther lateral. Carpels 6–18, free on small receptacles. Styles short, stigma lateral. Ovule pendulous. Fruit a nut, coriaceous. Two genera and six species occur in tropical and temperate regions over the world. Two species found in China. Cabomba furcate 红水盾草 A total of 3 species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. All two species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-38

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cabombaceae

Cabombaceae 莼菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Brasenia 莼菜属 B. schreberi J. F. Gmel.

Volume

莼菜

3 3

Cabomba 水盾草属 C. caroliniana A. Gray

水盾草

3

C. furcata Schult. et Schult. f.

红水盾草

3

163

164

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

39. Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Herbs, shrubs or trees, perennial, fleshy, terrestrial or epiphytic. Roots shallow, spreading, and sometimes tuberous. Stems erect, creeping, pendulous or climbing, terete, globose, laterally flat or leafy; nodes constrict, internodes angular, spiny, tubercles or flat, with watery juice, rarely milky; areoles spiral, or along edges, spins or tubercles, often with axillary buds or short branchlets deformed spines, rarely spineless, branchlets and flowers clustered. Leaves flat, entire or terete, spiny, diamondoid to conical, alternate, or completely vestigial, stipule absent. Flowers often solitary, sessile, rarely pedicellate and racemes, cymes or panicles; bisexual, rarely uniseDisocactus martianus 康氏鼠尾掌 xual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Fruit a berry, fleshy, often mucous, rarely dry or dehiscent, with scaly and areoles, rarely naked. Seeds numerous, rarely few or solitary; testa hard, sometimes bony arillate or strophiolate. About 110 genera and >1000 species occur in temperate and tropical America. Some species have been extensively naturalized in the Old World. >60 genera and 600 species are cultivated as ornamentals or hedges in China, many genera and species are naturalized. A total of 308 species, 23 subspecies and 20 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. All seven species and four genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-39

continued

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cactaceae

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

3

Acanthocereus 刺萼柱属 A. tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck

Volume

五棱阁

3 3

Ariocarpus 岩牡丹属 A. agavoides (Castañeda) E. S. Anderson

龙舌兰牡丹

3

A. fissuratus (Engelm.) K. Schum.

龟甲牡丹

3

A. kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) K. Schum.

姬牡丹

3

A. retusus Scheidw.

岩牡丹

3

A. retusus ssp. trigonus (Weber) E. S. Anderson et Fitz. Maurice

三角牡丹

3

A. asterias (Karwinski ex Zucc.) Lem.

星球

3

A. capricorne (A. Dietr.) Britton et Rose

瑞凤玉

3

A. myriostigma Lem.

鸾凤玉

3

A. myriostigma var. columnare (K. Schum.) Frič

鸾凤阁

3

A. myriostigma var. nudum (Rud. Mey.) Frič

三角碧鸾凤玉

3

A. myriostigma var. quadricostatum (H. Moell.) Borg.

碧方玉

3

A. ornatum (DC.) Britton et Rose

般若

3

A. ornatum var. glabrescens (F. A. C. Weber) Frič

裸般若

3

3

Astrophytum 星球属

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. ornatum var. mirbelii (Lem.) Frič

金刺般若

3

A. ornatum var. pubescent Y. Itô

白云般若

3 3

Austrocylindropuntia 圆筒掌属 A. subulata (Muehlenpf.) Backeb.

将军

3

A. vestita (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.

翁团扇

3 3

Aztekium 皱棱球属 A. hintonii Glass et Fitz Maurice

信氏花笼

3

A. ritteri (Boed.) Boed.

花笼

3 3

Blossfeldia 松露玉属 B. liliputana Werderm. et Krainz

松露玉

3

Browningia 群蛇柱属 B. altissima (F. Ritter) Buxb.

群蛇柱

巨人柱

3 3

Cephalocereus 翁柱属 C. senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff.

3 3

Carnegiea 巨人柱属 C. gigantea (Engelm.) Britton et Rose

3

翁柱

3

C. fernambucensis Lem.

天轮柱

3

C. hexagonus (L.) Mill.

六棱柱

3

C. hildmannianus K. Schum.

秘鲁天轮柱

3

C. jamacaru DC.

牙买加天轮柱

3

C. repandus (L.) D. Mill.

鬼面角

3

C. spegazzinii F. A. C. Weber

墨残雪

3

3

Cereus 天轮柱属

3

Cintia 惠毛丸属 C. knizei Říha

惠毛丸

3 3

Cleistocactus 管花柱属 C. candelilla Cárdenas

老翁

3

C. hyalacanthus (K. Schum.) Rol.-Goss.

银岭柱

3

C. hyalacanthus ssp. tarijensis (Cárdenas) Mottram

白闪柱

3

C. smaragdiflorus (F. A. C. Weber) Britton et Rose

阿根廷银毛柱

3

C. strausii (Heese) Backeb.

白芒柱

3

C. winteri D. R. Hunt

黄金柱

3 3

Coleocephalocereus 银装龙属 C. goebelianus (Vaupel) Buining

浩白柱

3

Copiapoa 龙爪球属 C. malletiana (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Back.

3

黑土冠

3 3

Coryphantha 凤梨球属 C. durangensis (Ruenge ex Schum.) Britton et Rose

银童

3

C. echinus (Engelm.) Britton et Rose

白斜子

3

C. elephantidens (Lem.) Lem.

象牙球

3

C. erecta (Lem. ex Pfeiff.) Lem.

杨贵妃

3

C. macromeris (Engelm.) Britton et Rose

大分丸

3

165

166

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. maiz-tablasensis O. Schwarz ex Back.

魔象丸

3

C. pallida Britton et Rose

金环蚀

3

C. pycncantha (Mart.) Lem.

菠萝球

3

C. fulgida (Engelm.) F. M. Knuth

鳞团扇

3

C. imbricata (Haw.) F. M. Knuth

鬼子阁

3

C. leptocaulis (DC.) F. M. Knuth

姬珊瑚

3

C. molesta (Brandegee) F. M. Knuth

吴竹

3

C. tunicata (Lehm.) F. M. Knuth

着衣团扇

3

3

Cylindropuntia 圆柱掌属

3

Denmoza 栖凤球属 D. rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Britton eT Rose

火焰龙

3 3

Discocactus 圆盘玉属 D. horstii Buining et Brederoo

奇特丸

3

D. zehntneri Britton et Rose

蜘蛛球

3 3

Disocactus 红尾令箭属 D. ackermannii (Haw.) Ralf Bauer

令箭荷花

3

D. flagalliformis (L.) Barthlott

鼠尾掌

3

D. martianus (Zucc.) Barthlott

康氏鼠尾掌

3

D. nelsonii (Britton et Rose) Linding.

百合孔雀

3

D. speciosus (Cav.) Barthlott

特美牡丹柱

3 3

Echinocactus 金琥属 E. grusonii Hildm.

金琥

3

E. grusonii var. albispinus Y. Itô

白刺金琥

3

E. grusonii var. intertextus Y. Itô

狂刺金琥

3

E. grusonii var. subinermis Y. Itô

裸琥

3

E. horizonthalonius Lem.

太平丸

3

E. platyacanthus Link et Otto

广刺球

3

E. polycephalus Engelm. et J. M. Bigelow

大龙冠

3

E. texensis Hopffer

绫波

3 3

Echinocereus 鹿角柱属 E. berlandieri (Engelm.) J. N. Haage

金龙

3

E. coccineus Engelm.

赤花虾

3

E. engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem.

武勇球

3

E. enneacanthus Engelm.

九刺虾

3

E. knippelianus Liebner

宇宙殿

3

E. longisetus ssp. delaetii (Gürke) N. P. Taylor

翁锦

3

E. pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm.

三光球

3

E. pectinatus var. dasyacanthus (Engelm.) W. H. Earle ex N. P. Taylor

粗刺三光球

3

E. pentalophus (DC.) Lem.

美花角

3

E. reichenbachii (Terscheck) J. N. Haage

锦照虾

3

E. reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britton et Rose) L. D. Benson E. rigidissimus (Engelm.) F. Haage

3 硬刺鹿角柱

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. rigidissimus ssp. rubispinus (G. Frank et A. B. Lau) N. P. Taylor

红刺柱

3

E. viridiflorus Engelm.

青花虾

3 3

Echinopsis 仙人球属 E. atacamensis (Phil.) Friedrich et G. D. Rowley

白鹰

3

E. aurea Britton et Rose

黄裳球

3

E. calochlora K. Schum.

金盛球

3

E. chamaecereus H. Friedrich et Glaetzle

白檀

3

E. chiloensis (Colla) Friedrich et G. D. Rowley

锦鸡龙

3

E. densispina Werderm.

白丽丸

3

E. eyriesii (Turpin) Pfeiff. et Otto

短毛丸

3

E. eyriesii var. cristata Donn. Smith

短毛丸缀化

3

E. famatinensis (Speg.) Werderm.

阳盛丸

3

E. formosa ssp. bruchii (Britton et Rose) Lowry

湘阳丸

3

E. leucantha (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Walp.

魔剑球

3

E. mirabilis Spegazzini

奇想丸

3

E. obrepanda (Salm-Dyck) K. Schum.

倒波状仙人球

3

E. oxygona (Link) Zucc. ex Pfeiff. et Otto

旺盛球

3

E. pachanoi (Britton et Rose) Friedrich et G. D. Rowley

青绿柱

3

E. rhodotricha K. Schum.

仁王丸

3

E. spachiana (Lem.) Friedrich et G. D. Rowley

黄大文字

3

E. terscheckii (Parm.) Friedrich et G. D. Rowley

北斗阁

3

E. tubiflora (Pfeiff.) Zucc. ex A. Dietr.

花盛球

3 3

Epiphyllum 昙花属 E. anguliger (Lem.) G. Don

锯齿昙花

3

E. hookeri ssp. guatemalense (Britton et Rose) Bauer

危地马拉昙花

3

E. hookeri ssp. pittieri (F. A. C. Weber) Ralf Bauer

宵待孔雀

3

E. oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.

昙花

3 3

Epithelantha 清影球属 E. micromeris (Engelm.) A. Web. ex Britt. et Rose

月世界

3

E. micromeris ssp. bokei (L. D. Benson) U. Guzmán

小人帽子

3

E. micromeris var. greggii (Bavo) Borg

天世界(春月丸)

3 3

Eriosyce 极光球属 E. aurata (Pfeiff.) Backeb.

极光球

3

E. kunzei (C. F. Först.) Kattermann

银翁玉

3

E. napina (Phil.) Kattermann

红豹头

3

E. odieri (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Kattermann

狼头玉

3

E. senilis (Backeb.) Katt.

白翁玉

3

E. taltalensis (Hutchison) Kattermann

黑冠球

3 3

Espostoa 老乐柱属 E. lanata (Kunth) Britton et Rose

老乐柱

3

E. lanata var. mocupensis Ritt.

晓裳

3

E. lanata var. sericata (Backeb.) Backeb.

白裳

3

167

168

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. melanostele (Vaupel) Borg

幻乐

3

E. mirabilis F. Ritter

越天乐

3

E. nana F. Ritter

白宫殿

3

E. ritteri Buining

白幻阁

3

E. senilis (F. Ritter) N. P. Taylor

白云柱

3 3

Espostoopsis 丽翁柱属 E. dybowskii (Gosselin) Buxb.

白丽翁

3

Eulychnia 壶花柱属 E. breviflora Philippi

3

白银城

3 3

Ferocactus 强刺球属 F. alamosanus (Britton et Rose) Britton et Rose

花冠龙

3

F. chrysacanthus (Orcutt) Britton et Rose

金冠龙

3

F. cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt

琥头

3

F. diguetii (F. A. C. Weber)

紫禁城

3

F. echidne (DC.) Britton et Rose

龙虎

3

F. emoryi (Engelm.) Orcutt

江守

3

F. fordii (Orcutt) Britton et Rose

红洋丸

3

F. glaucescens (DC.) Britton et Rose

王冠龙

3

F. gracilis H. E. Gates

神仙玉

3

F. haematacanthus (Monv. ex Salm-Dyck) Bravo ex Backeb. et F. M. Knuth

艳美玉

3

F. hamatocanthus (Muehlenpf.) Britton et Rose

大虹

3

F. herrerae J. G. Ortega

春楼

3

F. histrix (DC.) G. E. Linds.

文鸟丸

3

F. macrodiscus (Mart.) Britton et Rose

赤城

3

F. peninsulae (A. Weber) Britton et Rose

巨鹫玉

3

F. pilosus (Galeotti ex Salm-Dyck) Werderm.

赤凤

3

F. schwarzii G. E. Linds.

黄彩玉

3

F. townsendianus Britton et Rose

红株多头

3

F. viridescens (Nutt. ex Torr. et A.Gray) Britton et Rose

龙眼

3

F. wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton et Rose

金赤龙

3 3

Frailea 天惠球属 F. castanea Backeb.

士童

3

F. dadakii (Fric) A.Berger

龙之子

3 3

Grusonia 白峰掌属 G. invicta (Brandegee) F. E. Anderson

武者团扇

3 3

Gymnocalycium 裸萼球属 G. anisitsii (K. Schum.) Britton et Rose

翠晃冠

3

G. baldianum (Speg.) Speg.

绯花玉

3

G. bodenbenderianum (Hosseus ex A. Berger) A. W. Hill

凤头

3

G. bruchii (Speg.) Hosseus

罗星丸

3

G. castellanosii Backeb.

剑魔玉

3

G. chiquitanum Cárdenas

良宽

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. denudatum (Link et Otto) Pfeiff. ex Mittler

蛇龙球

3

G. eurypleurum F. Ritter

勇将丸

3

G. horstii Buining

赫氏裸萼球

3

G. horstii ssp. buenekeri (Swales) P. J. Braun et Hofacker

圣王丸

3

G. mihanovichii (Frič ex Gürke) Britton et Rose

牡丹玉

3

G. mihanovichii var. friedrichi Werderm.

绯牡丹

3

G. monvillei (Lem.) Pfeiff. ex Britton et Rose

多花玉

3

G. mostii (Gürke) Britton et Rose

红蛇丸

3

G. ochoterenae Backeb.

武勋丸

3

G. ochoterenae ssp. vatteri (Buining) Papsch

春秋之壶

3

G. pflanzii (Vaupel) Werderm.

天赐玉

3

G. quehlianum (F. Haage ex Quehl) Vaupel ex Hosseus

龙头

3

G. saglionis (Cels) Britton et Rose

新天地

3

G. spegazzinii ssp. cardenasianum (F. Ritter) Kiesling et Metzing

光琳玉

3 3

Haageocereus 金煌柱属 H. pseudomelanostele (Werderm. et Backeb.) Backeb.

金煌柱

3 3

Harrisia 苹果柱属 H. jusbertii (Rebut ex K. Schum.) Borg

袖浦

3

H. martinii (Labour.) Britton

巨锁龙

3

H. pomanensis (F. A. C.Weber ex K. Schum.) Britton et Rose

卧龙

3

H. tortuosa (J. Forbes ex Otto et A. Dietr.) Britton et Rose

华龙

3 3

Hatiora 猿恋苇属 H. gaertneri (Regel) W. Barthlott

假昙花

3

H. salicornioides (Haw.) Britton et Rose ex L. H. Baily

猿恋苇

3 3

Hylocereus 量天尺属 H. undatus (Haw.) Britton et Rose

量天尺

3

Isolatocereus 碧塔柱属 I. dumortieri (Scheidw.) Backeb.

3

碧塔

3 3

Lepismium 鳞苇属 L. cruciforme (Vell.) Miq.

三棱鳞丝苇

3

L. houlletianum (Lem.) Barthlott

花柳

3

L. warmingianum (K. Schum.) Barthlott

风月

3

光山

3

3

Leuchtenbergia 光山玉属 L. principis Hook.

3

Lobivia 丽花球属 L. chrysantha (Backeb.) H. P. Kelsey et Dayton

妖丽球

3

L. marsoneri (Werderm.) Backeb.

马氏丽花球

3 3

Lophophora 乌羽玉属 L. diffusa (Croizat) Bravo

银冠玉

3

L. williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J. M. Coult.

乌羽玉

3 3

Mammillaria 乳突球属 M. albiflora (Werderm.) Backeb.

白鹭

3

169

170

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. albilanata (Werderm.) Backeb.

白绣球

3

M. baumii Boed.

芳香球

3

M. bocasana Poselger

高砂

3

M. bombycina Quehl

丰明丸

3

M. carmenae Castañeda et Nunez

卡姬球

3

M. carnea Zucc. ex Pfeiff.

火焰球

3

M. compressa DC.

白龙球

3

M. crinita ssp. scheinvariana Fitz Maurice et B. Fitz Maurice

明星

3

M. decipiens Scheidw.

三保之松

3

M. decipiens ssp. camptotricha (Dams) D. R. Hunt

琴丝球

3

M. elongata DC.

金手指

3

M. formosa ssp. microthele (Muehhlenpfordt) D. R. Hunt

小瘤乳突球

3

M. geminispina Haw.

白玉兔

3

M. haageana Pfeiff.

日月

3

M. hahniana Werderm.

玉翁

3

M. herrerae Werderm.

白鸟

3

M. heyderi ssp. hemisphaerica D. R. Hunt

白雪丸

3

M. humboldtii Ehrenb.

春星

3

M. klissingiana Boed.

翁玉

3

M. longimamma DC.

金星

3

M. magnimamma Haw.

梦幻城

3

M. marksiana Krainz

金洋球

3

M. pennispinose Krainz

阳炎

3

M. perbella Hildm. ex K. Schum.

大福球

3

M. plumosa F. A. C. Weber

白星

3

M. polythele Mart.

多边乳突球

3

M. prolifera (Mill.) Haw.

松霞玉

3

M. prolifera ssp. multiceps (Salm-Dyck) U. Guzmán

多头松霞

3

M. rhodantha Link et Otto

朝日球

3

M. senilis Lodd. ex Salm-Dyck

月宫殿

3

M. spinosissima Lem.

猩猩丸

3

M. supertexta Mart. ex Pfeiffer

雪笛

3

M. vetula ssp. gracilis (Pfeiffer) D. R. Hunt

银手指

3

M. voburnensis Scheer

紫球

3

M. zeilmanniana Boed.

月影球

3 3

Matucana 白仙玉属 M. aureiflora F. Ritter

黄花白仙玉

3

M. madisoniorum (Hutchison) G. D. Rowley

奇仙玉

3 3

Melocactus 花座球属 M. azureus Buining et Brederoo

蓝云

3

M. bahiensis (Britton et Rose) Lüetzelb.

拟巴西花座球

3

M. broadwayi (Britton et Rose) A. Berger

黄金云

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. curvispinus Pfeiff.

弯刺花座球

3

M. ernestii Vaupel

茜云

3

M. intortus (Mill.) Urb.

层云

3

M. macracanthos (Salm-Dyck) Link et Otto

赫云

3

M. matanzanus León

魔云

3

M. neryi K. Schum.

卷云

3

M. peruvianus var. lurinensis Rauh et Backeb.

华云

3

M. salvadorensis Werderm.

碧云

3

M. violaceus Pfeiff.

翠云

3 3

Myrtillocactus 龙神柱属 M. geometrizans (Martius) Console

龙神木

N. polylopha (DC.) Backeberg

大凤龙

3 3

Obregonia 帝冠球属 O. denegrii Frič et A. Berger

3 3

Neobuxbaumia 龟甲柱属

帝冠

3 3

Opuntia 仙人掌属 O. articulata (Pfeiff.) D. R. Hunt

武藏野

3

O. auberi Pfeiff.

王冠团扇

3

O. brasiliensis (Willd.) Haworth

巴西团扇

3

O. cochenillifera (L.) P. Mill.

胭脂仙人掌

3

O. cylindrica (Lam.) DC.

大蛇

3

O. dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

仙人掌

3

O. elata Link et Otto ex Salm-Dyck

高团扇仙人掌

3

O. elatior Mill.

沙尘团扇

3

O. ficus-indica (L.) Mill.

大型宝剑

3

O. leucotricha DC.

银世界

3

O. microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff.

黄毛掌

3

O. microdasys var. albispina Fobe

白毛掌

3

O. microdasys var. rufida (Engelm.) K. Schum.

红毛掌

3

O. monacantha (Willd.) Haw.

单刺团扇

3

O. phaeacantha Engelm.

田村团扇

3

O. pilifera F. A. C. Weber

交野团扇

3

O. robusta H. L. Wendl.

强性团扇

3

O. salmiana Parm. ex Pfeiff.

珊瑚掌

3

O. stenopetala Engelm.

鳞斑掌

3

O. tuna (L.) Mill.

金武团扇

3 3

Oreocereus 山翁柱属 O. celsianus (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Riccob.

赛尔西剌翁柱

3

O. celsianus var. bruennowii (Haage ex Rumpler) Borg

武烈柱

3

O. fossulatus (Labour.) Backeb.

白恐龙

3

O. leucotrichus (Phil.) Wagenkn.

圣云锦

3

O. ritteri Cullman

白貂柱

3

171

172

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. trollii (Kupper) Backeb.

白云锦

3 3

Oroya 彩髯玉属 O. peruviana (K. Schum.) Britton et Rose

美髯球

3 3

Pachycereus 摩天柱属 P. gatesii (M. E. Jones) D. R. Hunt

加氏鸡冠柱

3

P. gaumeri Britton et Rose

金三角

3

P. marginatus (DC.) Britton et Rose

白云阁

3

P. pecten-aboriginum (Engelm. ex S. Watson) Britton et Rose

土人之栉柱

3

P. pringlei (S. Watson) Britton et Rose

武伦柱

3

P. schottii (Engelm.) D. R. Hunt

上帝阁

3 3

Parodia 锦绣玉属 P. buiningii (Buxb.) N. P. Taylor

白雪狮子

3

P. concinna (Manville) N. P. Taylor

河内球

3

P. haselbergii (F. Haage ex Rümpler) F. H. Brandt

雪光

3

P. haselbergii ssp. graessneri (K. Schum.) Hofacker et P. J. Braun

黄雪光

3

P. herteri (Werderm.) N. P. Taylor

红彩玉

3

P. leninghausii (K. Schum.) F. H. Brandt

金晃

3

P. maassii (Heese) A. Berger

魔神

3

P. magnifica (F. Ritter) F. H. Brandt

英冠玉

3

P. mammulosa (Lem.) N. P. Taylor

鬼云球

3

P. microsperma (F. A. C. Weber) Spegazzini

锦绣玉

3

P. ottonis (Lehm.) N. P. Taylor

青王丸

3

P. schumanniana (Nicolai) F. H. Brandt

金冠

3

P. schwebsiana (Werderm.) Backeb.

红绣玉

3

P. scopa (Spreng.) N. P. Taylor

小町

3

P. werneri Hofacker

魏氏锦绣玉(拟)

3 3

Pelecyphora 斧突球属 P. aselliformis Ehrenb.

精巧球

3

P. strobiliformis (Werdermann) Frič et Schelle ex Kreuz.

银牡丹

3 3

Peniocereus 块根柱属 P. serpentinus (Lag. et Rodr.) N. P. Taylor

鼠尾掌

3 3

Pereskia 叶仙人掌属 P. aculeata Mill.

木麒麟

3

P. bleo (Kunth) DC.

樱麒麟

3

P. grandifolia Haw.

大花木麒麟

3 3

Pilosocereus 毛刺柱属 P. glaucescens (Labour.) Byles et G. D. Rowley

苍白毛柱

3

P. leucocephalus (Poselger) Byles et G. D. Rowley

狮子

3

P. magnificus (Buining et Brederoo) F. Ritter

蓝衣柱

3

P. pachycladus F. Ritter

金青阁

3

P. royenii (L.) Byles et G. D. Rowley

红笔

3

Polaskia 雷神柱属

3

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. chende (Roland-Gasselin) A. C. Gibson et K. E. Horak

夜雾阁

3 3

Pseudorhipsalis 假丝苇属 P. amazonica (K. Schum.) Ralf Bauer.

姬孔雀

3

P. ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott.

多枝假丝苇

3 3

Rebutia 子孙球属 R. arenacea Cárdenas

黄花沟宝山

3

R. canigueralii Cárdenas

黑丽球

3

R. hiliosa Rausch

红宝山

3

R. marsoneri Werderm.

金簪球

3

R. minuscula K. Schum.

宝山

3 3

Rhipsalis 丝苇属 R. baccifera (Sol.) Stearn

浆果丝苇

3

R. cereoides (Backeb. et Voll) Backeb.

丝苇

3

R. cereuscula Haw.

青柳

3

R. clavata F. A. C. Weber

棒状丝苇

3

R. crispata (Haw.) Pfeiff.

窗之梅

3

R. dissimilis (G. Lindb.) K. Schum.

鬼柳

3

R. goebeliana Backeb.

园蝶

3

R. grandiflora Haw.

青苇

3

R. mesembryanthemoides Haw.

番杏柳

3

R. micrantha (Kunth) DC.

露舞

3

R. neves-armondii K. Schum.

若紫

3

R. pachyptera Pfeiff.

厚翼丝苇

3

R. paradoxa (Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck

玉柳

3

R. pentaptera Pfeiff. ex Dietr.

手纲绞方柳

3

R. pilocarpa Loefgr.

朝之霜

3

R. puniceodiscus G. Lindb.

五月雨

3

R. rhombea (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff.

黄梅

3

R. teres (Vell.) Steud.

初绿

3 3

Schlumbergera 仙人指属 S. russelliana (Hook.) Britton et Rose

钝齿蟹爪兰

3

S. truncata (Haw.) Moran

蟹爪兰

3

S. anthonyanus (Alexander) D. R. Hunt

鱼骨令箭

3

S. chrysocardium (Alexander) Kimnach

昆布孔雀

3

3

Selenicereus 蛇鞭柱属

3

Stenocactus 薄棱玉属 S. coptonogonus (Lem.) A. Berger ex A. W. Hill

龙剑球

3

S. crispatus (Lem.) A. Berger ex A. W. Hill

龙玉

3

S. multicostatus (Hildm. ex Schum.) Berger

千波万波

3

S. obvallatus (DC) Berger

五刺玉

3

S. phyllacanthus (A. Dietrich et Otto) Berger

太刀岚

3

S. vaupelianus (Werderm.) F. M. Knuth

雪溪丸

3

173

174

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cactaceae 仙人掌科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 3

Stenocereus 新绿柱属 S. pruinosus (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Buxb.

朝雾阁

3

S. stellatus (Pfeiff.) Riccob.

新绿柱

3

S. thurberi (Engelm.) Buxb.

茶柱

3 3

Stetsonia 近卫柱属 S. coryne (Salm-Dyck) Britton et Rose

近卫柱

3 3

Strombocactus 独乐玉属 S. disciformis (DC.) Britton et Rose

菊水

3 3

Thelocactus 天晃玉属 T. bicolor (Galeotti) Britton et Rose

大统领

3

T. heterochromus (F. A. C. Weber) Oosten

多色玉

3

T. hexaedrophorus (Lem.) Britton et Rose

天晃

3

T. hexaedrophorus ssp. lloydii (Britton et Rose) Kladiwa et Fittkau

武者影

3

T. rinconensis (Poselger) Britton et Rose

鹤巢丸

3

T. rinconensis ssp. hintonii Lüthy

狮子头

3

T. rinconensis ssp. nidulans (Quehl) Glass

眠狮子

3

T. setispinus (Engelm.) E. F. Anderson

龙王球

3

T. tulensis ssp. matudae (Sánchez-Mej. et A. B. Lau) E. F. Anderson

雅龙丸

3 3

Turbinicarpus 升龙球属 T. beguinii (N. P. Taylor) Mosco et Zanovello

白狼玉

3

T. horripilus (Lem.) V. John et Riha

红梅殿

3

T. pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Buxb. et Backeb.

长城球

3 3

Uebelmannia 乳胶球属 U. pectinifera Buining

栉刺尤伯球

3

U. pectinifera ssp. flavispina (Buining et Brederoo) P. J. Braun et Esteves

金刺尤伯球

3

40. Callitrichaceae 水马齿科 Herbs, annual, aquatic, marshy or wetland. Stems slender. Leaves opposite (leaves rosulate on water surface when aquatic species), obovate, spatulate or linear, margin entire, stipule absent. Flowers slender, monoecious, axillary, solitary or rarely male and female flowers in one axil. Bracts 2, membranaceous, white, perianth absent. Male flowers only 1 stamen, filaments slender, anthers small, 2-celled, lateral longitudinally slits. Female flowers 1 pistil, ovary superior, 4-locule, shallow slits, style 2, elongate, with small papillae, ovule solitary, pendent. Fruit a schizocarp, 4 shallow lobed, membranous wings, 4 nutlets after ripen. Seeds membranous coat, embryo cylindrical erect, endosperm fleshy.

Callitriche stagnalis 水马齿

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

175

One genus and ca. 75 species occur widely worldwide. One genus and ca. 11 species found in China. A total of four species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A number of 18% (2/11) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-40

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Callitrichaceae

Callitrichaceae 水马齿科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Callitriche 水马齿属 C. hermaphroditica L.

线叶水马齿

4

C. oryzetorum Petr.

广东水马齿

4

C. palustris L.

沼生水马齿

4

C. stagnalis Scop.

水马齿

4

41. Calycanthaceae 蜡梅科 Shrubs, deciduous or evergreen. Branchlets quadrangular to subterete, with oil cells. Buds with scale or nake hidden by basal petiole. Leaves opposite, entire or subentire, pinnately veined; petiolate, stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary at apex or axillary on lateral branches, often fragrant, colors yellow, yellow-white or brown-red or pink-white, leafy earlier than bloom. Pedicels short. Tepals many, undifferentiated into calyx and corolla, spirally on periphery of cupular receptacle, various shapes, outer whorl bract-like, inner whorl petal-like. Stamens 2-whorl, outer fertile, Calycanthus chinensis 夏蜡梅 inner abortive, developed stamens 5–30, spirally on apex of cupular receptacle. Filaments short and free, staminodes 5–25, linear to lanceolate, pubescent. Style filiform, elongate. Fruit aggregated achenes on altar-shaped receptacle; 1 seed in each achene. Two genera and nine species occur in E Asia and North America. Two genera (one endemic) and seven species (all endemic) found in China. A total of 8 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 71% (5/7) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-41

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Calycanthaceae

Calycanthaceae 蜡梅科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Calycanthus 夏蜡梅属 C. chinensis Cheng et S. Y. Chang

夏蜡梅

4

C. fertilis Walt.

美洲蜡梅

4

C. floridus L.

美国蜡梅

4

C. floridus var. aevigatus (Willd.) Torr. et Gray

光叶红

4

C. occidentalis Hook. et Arn.

西美蜡梅

4

176

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Calycanthaceae 蜡梅科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Chimonanthus 蜡梅属 C. grammatus M. C. Liu

突托蜡梅

4

C. nitens Oliv.

山蜡梅

4

C. praecox (L.) Link

蜡梅

4

C. salicifolius Hu

柳叶蜡梅

4

42. Campanulaceae 桔梗科 Small trees or herbs, rarely shrubs, most species with lactiferous. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled. Flowers often integrated cymes, sometimes variated into pseudo-racemes, or panicles, or capitals, sometimes solitary. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual or dioecious, mostly 5-merous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Calyx 5-lobed, synsepalous, adnate to ovary. Corolla sympetalous, shallow or deep lobed to basal to form five petal-like lobes, regular. Stamens 5, often free from corolla, or adnate to lower part of corolla tube, completely free, or adhered to form a tube at lower part by long tomentose at base of filaments, or anthers connate but filaments free, or completely connate. Fruit often a capsule, rarely berry. Seeds numerous. About 86 and >2300 species over the world. A total of 16 genera and 190 species found in China. Platycodon grandifloras 桔梗 A total of 49 species and 1 subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 19% (37/190) species and 69% (11/16) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-42

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Campanulaceae

continued

Campanulaceae 桔梗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Adenophora 沙参属 A. capillaris Hemsl.

丝裂沙参

4

A. divaricata Franch. et Sav.

展枝沙参

4

A. khasiana (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Coll. et Hemsl.

云南沙参

4

A. liliifolioides Pax et Hoffm.

川藏沙参

4

A. longipedicellata Hong

湖北沙参

4

A. paniculata Nannf.

细叶沙参

4

A. petiolata Pax et Heffm.

秦岭沙参

4

A. petiolata ssp. hunanensis (Nannf.) D. Y. Hong et S. Ge

杏叶沙参

4

A. polyantha Nakai

石沙参

4

A. potaninii Korsh.

泡沙参

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Campanulaceae 桔梗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. stenanthina (Ledeb.) Kitagawa

长柱沙参

4

A. stricta Miq.

沙参

4

A. tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch.

轮叶沙参

4

A. trachelioides Maxim.

荠尼

4

A. wilsonii Nannf.

聚叶沙参

4 4

Asyneuma 牧根草属 A. chinense D. Y. Hong

球果牧根草

4 4

Campanula 风铃草属 C. canescens Wall. ex A. DC.

一年风铃草

4

C. colorata Wall.

西南风铃草

4

C. glomerata L.

聚花风铃草

4

C. latifolia L.

阔叶风铃草

4

C. medium L.

风铃草

4

C. persicifolia L.

桃叶风铃草

4

C. punctata Lam.

紫斑风铃草

4

C. rotundifolia L.

圆叶风铃草

4 4

Campanumoea 金钱豹属 C. javanica Bl.

金钱豹

4

C. lancifolia (Roxb.) Merr.

长叶轮钟草

4

C. parviflora (Wall. ex A. DC.) Benth.

小花轮钟草

4 4

Codonopsis 党参属 C. benthamii Hook. f. et Thom.

大萼党参

4

C. convolvulacea Kurz

鸡蛋参

4

C. lanceolata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Trautv.

羊乳

4

C. pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.

党参

4

C. tangshen Oliv.

川党参

4

C. tubulosa Kom.

管花党参

4 4

Cyananthus 蓝钟花属 C. delavayi Franch.

细叶蓝钟花

H. longiflora (L.) G. Don

4 4

Hippobroma 马醉草属 同瓣草

4 4

Lobelia 半边莲属 L. alsinoides Lam.

短柄半边莲

4

L. chinensis Lour.

半边莲

4

L. clavata E. Wimm.

密毛山梗菜

4

L. davidii Franch.

江南山梗菜

4

L. melliana E. Wimm.

线萼山梗菜

4

L. pyramidalis Wall.

塔花山梗菜

4

L. sequinii Levl. et Van.

西南山梗菜

4

L. sessilifolia Lamb.

山梗菜

4

L. terminalis C. B. Clarke

顶花半边莲

4

L. zeylanica L

卵叶半边莲

4 4

Pentaphragma 五膜草属 P. sinense Hemsl. et Wils.

五膜草

4

P. spicatum Merr.

直序五膜草

4

177

178

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Campanulaceae 桔梗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Platycodon 桔梗属 P. grandiflorus (Jack.) A. DC.

桔梗

4 4

Pratia 铜锤玉带草属 P. angulata Forst.

铜锤玉带草

4 4

Wahlenbergia 蓝花参属 W. marginata (Thunb.) A. DC.

蓝花参

4

43. Cannaceae 美人蕉科 Herbs perennial, erect, robust, with rhizomes tuberous. Leaves large, alternate, distinct pinnate parallel venation and sheaths. Flowers bisexual, large and showy, asymmetric. Inflorescence a terminal spike, raceme or narrow panicles, with bracts. Sepals 3, green, persistent. Petals 3, calyx-shaped, often lanceolate, green or other colors, lower part connate tubular, often adnate to staminodes. Staminodes petaloid, basal connate, the most showy and conspicuous part of flower, red or yellow, 3–4, outer whorl 3 (sometimes 2 or none), larger, inner whorl 1, narrower, reflexed, called labellum. Filaments of a fertile stamen enlarged, petaloid, more or less spirally; anther 1-loculed at margin; basal or half lower part connate and adnate to flat or rod-like style. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed, multiple ovules each. Fruit a capsule, 3-valved, often warty. Seeds many, globular. One genus and 10–20 species occur in tropical and Canna glauca 粉美人蕉 subtropical America. One species (introduced) found in China. Several other species and hybrids, such as Canna flaccida Salisbury, C. × generalis L. H. Bailey, C. glauca Linnaeus, and C. × orchiodes L. H. Bailey, etc. grown in China as ornamentals. A total of five species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-43

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cannaceae

Cannaceae 美人蕉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Canna 美人蕉属 C. coccinea Mill.

红花美人蕉

4

C. flaccida Salisb.

柔瓣美人蕉

4

C. glauca L.

粉美人蕉

4

C. indica L.

美人蕉

4

C. indica var. flava Roxb.

黄花美人蕉

4

C. orchiodes L. H. Bailey

兰花美人蕉

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

179

44. Capparaceae 山柑科 Herbs, shrubs, trees, or woody vines, with branching or simple trichomes; herbaceous species, often with glandular hairs and special smells. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or palmately compound. Stipules spiny, small or absent. Inflorescence racemose, corymbose, subumbellate or panicle, 2 (1)–10 flowers in a short longitudinal row, axillary, rarely single-flowered axillary. Flowers bisexual, sometimes polygamous or unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, often with bracts, but often fugacious. Sepals 4–8, often 4, in 2 or 1 whorl, equal or unequal, free or basal connate, rarely Capparis hainanensis 山柑 outer whorl or sepals forming caps. Petals 4–8, often 4, alternating with sepals, free, sessile or clawed, sometimes petals absent. Pistil 2 (–8) carpels, often with long or short pistil stalks. Ovary oval or cylindric, 1-loculed with 2 to many parietal placentas, rarely 3–6 locules with central placenta. Styles inconspicuous, sometimes filiform, rarely 3 styles. Stigmas capitate or inconspicuous. Ovules numerous, curved, with two layers of integument. Fruit a berry or valved capsule with tough exocarp, globular or ellipsoid, sometimes nearly moniliform. Seed 1 to many, reniform to polygonal. About 28 genera and ca. 650 species occur worldwide in tropical, subtropical, but a few in temperate regions. Five genera and 46 species found in China. A total of 28 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 46% (21/46) species and all five genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-44

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Capparaceae

Capparaceae 山柑科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

4

Borthwickia 节蒴木属 B. trifoliata W. W. Smith

Volume

节蒴木

4 4

Capparis 山柑属 C. acutifolia Sweet

独行千里

4

C. assamica Hook. f. et Thomson

总序山柑

4

C. bodinieri Lévl.

野香橼花

4

C. cantoniensis Lour.

广州山柑

4

C. fohaiensis B. S. Sun

勐海山柑

4

C. hainanensis Oliv.

山柑

4

C. masaikai Lévl.

马槟榔

4

C. membranifolia Kurz

雷公桔

4

C. sabiaefolia Hook. f. et Thoms.

黑叶山柑

4

C. sepiaria L.

青皮刺

4

C. subsessilis B. S. Sun

无柄山柑

4

C. tenera Dalz.

薄叶山柑

4

C. trichocarpa B. S. Sun

毛果山柑

4

180

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Capparaceae 山柑科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. urophylla F. Chun

小绿刺

4

C. versicolor Griff.

屈头鸡

4

C. viburnifolia Gagn.

荚蒾叶山柑

4

C. viminea Oliv.

柳枝山柑

4

C. wui B. S. Sun

元江山柑

4

C. yunnanensis Craib et W. W. Sm

苦子马槟榔

4 4

Cleome 白花菜属 C. gynandra L.

白花菜

4

C. spinosa Jacq.

醉蝶花

4

C. viscosa L.

黄花草

4 4

Crateva 鱼木属 C. formosensis (Jacobs) B. S. Sun

鱼木

4

C. nurvala Buch.-Ham.

沙梨木

4

C. trifoliata (Roxb.) B. S. Sun

钝叶鱼木

4

C. unilocalaris Buch.-Ham.

树头菜

4 4

Stixis 斑果藤属 S. suaveolens (Roxb.) Pierre

斑果藤

4

45. Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科 Shrubs or woody vines, sometimes small trees, deciduous or evergreen, rarely perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, mostly simple, margin entire or serrate, or pinnate or palmate; pinnate veins, rarely basal or triplinerved or palmate veins, sometimes odd-pinnate compound leaves. Inflorescence cymes or whorled umbrella or assembled into corymbose or thyrsoid, sometimes with only two flowers in racemes or spikes due to degenerated central flowers of cymes, rarely solitary. Flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous. Corolla sympetalous, spreading, campanulate, tubular, copular or funnelform, lobes 4 (3)–5, imbricate, rarely valvate, Viburnum foetidum var. ceanothoide 珍珠荚蒾 sometimes bilabial, upper lip bifid, lower lip trifid, or upper lip quadrifid, lower lip simple. Flower disc absent, nectarium present or not, or annular or lateral glands. Stamens (4 or) 5, didynamous in corolla tube. Fruit a berry, a drupe or a capsule. Seeds 1 to many, exocarp bony. About 207 species occur mostly in temperate regions of E Asia and E North America. About 12 genera and 140 found in China. A total of 118 species, three subspecies, 15 varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 68% (95/140) species and 92% (11/12) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV

Table IV-45

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Caprifoliaceae

continued

Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Abelia 六道木属 A. biflora Turcz.

六道木

4

A. chinensis R. Br.

糯米条

4

A. dielsii (Graebn.) Rehd.

南方六道木

4

A. uniflora R. Brown

蓪梗花

4 4

Dipelta 双盾木属 D. floribunda Maxim.

双盾木

4

D. yunnanensis Franch.

云南双盾木

4 4

Heptacodium 七子花属 H. miconioides Rehd.

七子花

K. amabilis Graebn.

蝟实

4 4

Leycesteria 鬼吹箫属 L. formosa Wall.

4 4

Kolkwitzia 蝟实属

鬼吹箫

4 4

Lonicera 忍冬属 L. acuminata Wall.

淡红忍冬

4

L. bournei Hemsl.

西南忍冬

4

L. caerulea var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd.

蓝靛果忍冬

4

L. chrysantha Turcz.

黄花忍冬

4

L. confusa (Sweet) DC.

山忍冬

4

L. crassifolia Batal.

匍匐忍冬

4

L. cyanocarpa Franch.

微毛忍冬

4

L. dasystyla Rehd.

水忍冬

4

L. elisae Franch.

北京忍冬

4

L. ferdinandii Franch.

葱皮忍冬

4

L. ferruginea Rehd.

锈毛忍冬

4

L. fragrantissima Lindl.

郁香忍冬

4

L. fragrantissima ssp. standishii (Carr.) Hsu et H. J. Wang

苦糖果

4

L. fragrantissima ssp. phyllocarpa (Carr.) Hsu et H. J. Wang

樱桃忍冬

4

L. graebneri Rehd.

短梗忍冬

4

L. gynochlamydca Hemsl.

蕊被忍冬

4

L. hemsleyana (O. Ktze.) Rehd.

倒卵叶忍冬

4

L. hildebrandiana Coll. et Hemsl.

大果忍冬

4

L. hispida Pall. ex Roem. et Schult.

刚毛忍冬

4

L. hypoglauca Miq.

菰腺忍冬

4

L. japonica Thunb.

忍冬

4

L. japonica var. chinensis (Wats.) Bak.

红白忍冬

4

L. korolkowii Stapf.

蓝叶忍冬

4

L. ligustrina Wall.

女贞叶忍冬

4

L. ligustrina ssp. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hsu et H. J. Wang

亮叶忍冬

4

L. longiflora (Lindl.) DC.

长花忍冬

4

181

182

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. maackii (Rupr.) Regel

金银忍冬

4

L. macrantha (D. Don) Spreng.

大花忍冬

4

L. macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.

灰毡毛忍冬

4

L. modesta Rehd.

下江忍冬

4

L. modesta var. lushanensis Rehd

庐山忍冬

4

L. nubium (Hand.-Mazz.) Hand.-Mazz.

云雾忍冬

4

L. pampaninii Lévl.

短柄忍冬

4

L. periclymenum L.

香忍冬

4

L. pileata Oliv.

蕊帽忍冬

4

L. pileata var. linearis Rehder

条叶帽蕊忍冬

4

L. praeflorens Batal.

早花忍冬

4

L. reticulata Champion ex Bentham

皱叶忍冬

4

L. ruprechtiana Regel

长白忍冬

4

L. sempervirens L.

贯月忍冬

4

L. similis Hemsl.

细毡毛忍冬

4

L. similis var. omeiensis Hsu et H. J. Wang

峨眉忍冬

4

L. stephanocarpa Franch.

冠果忍冬

4

L. tangutica Maxim.

唐古特忍冬

4

L. tatarica L.

新疆忍冬

4

L. tatarinowii Maxim.

华北忍冬

4

L. tragophylla Hemsl.

盘叶忍冬

4

L. tricalysioides C. Y. Wu ex Hsu et H. J. Wang

赤水忍冬

4

L. trichosantha var. deflexicalyx (Batalin) P. S. Hsu et H. J. Wang

长叶毛花忍冬

4

L. trichosepala (Rehd.) Hsu

毛萼忍冬

4 4

Sambucus 接骨木属 S. adnata Wall. ex DC.

血满草

4

S. chinensis Lindl.

接骨草

4

S. nigra L.

西洋接骨木

4

S. racemosa L.

欧洲接骨木

4

S. sibirica Nakai

西伯利亚接骨木

4

S. williamsii Hance

接骨木

4 4

Symphoricarpos 毛核木属 S. albus (L.) S. F. Blake

白毛核木

4

S. occidentalis Hook.

西方毛核木

4

S. sinensis Rehd

毛核木

4 4

Triosteum 莛子藨属 T. himalayanum Wall.

穿心莛子藨

4

T. pinnatifidum Maxim.

莛子藨

4 4

Viburnum 荚蒾属 V. atrocyaneum C. B. Clarke

蓝黑果荚蒾

4

V. betulifolium Batalin

桦叶荚蒾

4

V. brachybotryum Hemsl.

尖果荚蒾

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

V. brevitubum (Hsu) Hsu

短筒荚蒾

4

V. burejaeticum Regel et Herder

修枝荚蒾

4

V. burmanicum C. Y. Wu

滇缅荚蒾

4

V. chingii Hsu

漾濞荚蒾

4

V. chinshanense Graebn.

金佛山荚蒾

4

V. chunii Hsu

金腺荚蒾

4

V. cinnamomifolium Rehd.

樟叶荚蒾

4

V. congestum Rehd.

密花荚蒾

4

V. corymbiflorum Hsu et S. C. Hsu

伞房荚蒾

4

V. cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

水红木

4

V. dalzielii W. W. Smith

粤赣荚蒾

4

V. davidii Franch.

川西荚蒾

4

V. dilatatum Thunb.

荚蒾

4

V. erosum Thunb.

宜昌荚蒾

4

V. erubescens Wall.

红荚蒾

4

V. farreri W. T. Stearn

香荚蒾

4

V. foetidum var. ceanothoides (C. H. Wright) Hand.-Mazz.

珍珠荚蒾

4

V. foetidum var. rectangulatum (Graebn.) Rehd.

直角荚蒾

4

V. fordiae Hance

南方荚蒾

4

V. glomeratum Maxim.

聚花荚蒾

4

V. hanceanum Maxim.

蝶花荚蒾

4

V. henryi Hemsl.

巴东荚蒾

4

V. hupehense Rehd.

湖北荚蒾

4

V. inopinatum Craib

厚绒荚蒾

4

V. leiocarpum var. punctatum Hsu

斑点光果荚蒾

4

V. lentago L.

樱桃叶荚蒾

4

V. lobophyllum Graebn.

阔叶荚蒾

4

V. lutescens Blume

淡黄荚蒾

4

V. luzonicum Rolfe

吕宋荚蒾

4

V. macrocephalum Fort.

绣球荚蒾

4

V. macrocephalum f. keteleeri (Carr.) Rehd.

琼花

4

V. melanocarpum Hsu

黑果荚蒾

4

V. nervosum D. Don

显脉荚蒾

4

V. obovatum Walter

倒卵叶荚蒾

4

V. odoratissimum Ker-Gawl.

珊瑚树

4

V. odoratissimum var. awabuki (K. Koch) Zabel ex Rumpl.

日本珊瑚树

4

V. odoratissimum var. sessiliflorum (Geddes) Fukuoka

云南珊瑚树

4

V. oliganthum Batal.

少花荚蒾

4

V. opulus L.

欧洲荚蒾

4

V. plicatum Thunb.

雪球荚蒾

4

V. plicatum var. tomentosum (Thunb.) Miq.

蝴蝶戏珠花

4

V. propinquum Hemsl.

球核荚蒾

4

183

184

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

V. propinquum var. mairei W. W. Smith

狭叶球核荚蒾

4

V. punctatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

鳞斑荚蒾

4

V. pyramidatum Rehd.

锥序荚蒾

4

V. rhytidophyllum Hemsl.

皱叶荚蒾

4

V. sambucinum Reinw. ex Blume

毛叶荚蒾

4

V. sargentii Koehne

鸡树条荚蒾

4

V. schensianum Maxim.

陕西荚蒾

4

V. sempervirens K. Koch

常绿荚蒾

4

V. sempervirens var. trichophorum Hand.-Mazz.

具毛常绿荚蒾

4

V. setigerum Hance

茶荚蒾

4

V. sympodiale Graebn.

合轴荚蒾

4

V. taitoense Hayata

台东荚蒾

4

V. tengyuehense (W.W. Sm.) P. S. Hsu

腾越荚蒾

4

V. ternatum Rehd.

三叶荚蒾

4

V. tinus L.

地中海荚蒾

4

V. triplinerve Hand.-Mazz.

三脉荚蒾

4

V. urceolatum Sieb. et Zucc.

壶花荚蒾

4

V. utile Hemsl.

烟管荚蒾

4 4

Weigela 锦带花属 W. coraeensis (Thunb.) DC.

海仙花

4

W. florida (Bunge) A. DC.

锦带花

4

W. japonica var. sinica (Rehd.) Bailey

半边月

4

W. praecox Thunb.

早锦带花

4

46. Cardiopteridaceae 心翼果科 Herbs, climbing, glabrous, with white milky juice. Leaves simple, alternate, entire or lobed, with long petiole, blade membranaceous, cordate or cordate-hastate, palmate 3–7 veins, estipulate. Cymes dichasium, rarely axillary, apex branched with scorpion tail. Bracts small, oval, acuminate, caduceus. Flowers bisexual or polygamous, tiny, sessile. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, basal connate, imbricate, caduceus. Stamens 5, alternate to petals, on throat of corolla tube. Filaments very short. Anthers introrse, 2-celled, longitudinal slits. Disc absent. Ovary short, oval, oblong, 1-loculed, degenerated in male flowers. Ovule 2 (–1), pendulous, anatropous. Style thicker and short. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed, one caduceus, other elongated on fruit, apex 2-lobed, persistent. Fruit a samara, broad wings with many parallel veins, round or obcordate and flat, 1-celled. Seed 1, narrow.

Cardiopteris quinqueloba 心翼果

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

One genus and two species occur in tropical SE Asia to NE Australia. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. Table IV-46

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cardiopteridaceae

Cardiopteridaceae 心翼果科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Peripterygium 心翼果属 P. platycarpum (Gagnep.) Sleumer

大心翼果

4

P. quinquelobum Hassk.

心翼果

4

47. Caricaceae 番木瓜科 Small trees, often unbranched, with milky juice. Leaves palmate, rarely entire, long petioles, apical clustered, estipulate. Flowers unisexual or bisexual, monoecious or dioecious; male flowers sessile and pendulous panicles. Calyx 5-lobed, slender. Corolla slender, tubular. Stamens 10, alternate, in 2 whorls on corolla tube. Filaments free or basally connate. Anthers 2-celled, longitudinally slits. Ovary degenerated or absent. Female flowers solitary or several umbellate inflorescence; flowers larger, calyx same to male; corolla tube shorter than males. Petals first jointed and then free. Ovary superior, 1-loculed or with pseudo-diaphragm into 5-loculed. Ovules numerous or sometimes a few on parietal placentas. Style 5, very short or nearly absent. Stigma lobed or entire. Hermaphrodite flowers, corolla tube very short or long; stamens 5–10. Fruit a fleshy berry, often larger. Seeds ovoid to elliptic, endosperm oily. Six genera and 34 species occur in Central and South America, one genus and two species (Cylicomorpha Urb.) in tropical Africa. Only one genus is widely cultivated in China. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-47

Carica papaya 番木瓜

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Caricaceae

Caricaceae 番木瓜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

4

Carica 番木瓜属 C. papaya L.

Volume

番木瓜

4

185

186

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

48. Caryophyllaceae 石竹科 Herbs, annual or perennial, rarely subshrubs. Stem nodes often swollen with joints. Leaves, simple, opposite, rarely alternate or whorled, entire, basal more or less connate. Stipules scarious or absent. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual, arranged in cymes or cymose panicle, rarely solitary, a few in racemes, capitula, pseudoverticillaster or umbels, sometimes cleistogamous. Sepals (4 or) 5, papery or scarious, persistent, imbricate or connate into tubular. Petals 5, rarely 4, with or without claw, entire or split, often with 2 flaky or scaly accessory corolla segments between claws and petals, rarely petals absent. Stamens 10, in 2-whorled, rarely 5 or 2. Pistil 1, 2–5 connate carpels. Ovary superior, 3-loculed or basal 1-loculed, upper 3–5-loculed, unique central or basal placentation, 1 to many ovules. Styles (1) 2–5, sometimes basally connate, rarely singleton. Fruit a capsule, long oval, cylindrical, oval or spherical, pericarp, scarious, or papery, apical dehiscence by teeth or valves, equal to or twice as many as styles; rarely berrylike, irregular dehiscence or an achene. Seeds curved, many or a few, rarely 1, Dianthus barbatus 须苞石竹 reniform, oval, peltate or terete, slightly flat. About 75–80 genera and ca. 2000 species occur widespread, mainly in temperate or warm-temperate northern hemisphere, with a primary distribution center in the Mediterranean, from W Asia including W China and Himalayas, a few species also in Africa S of the Sahara, America, and Oceania. There are 30 genera (two endemics) and 430 species found in China, particularly Arenaria, Silene, and Stellaria comprising >half species of the family grown in China, which mostly concentrated in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, specifically from Hengduan Mountains to the Himalayas. A total of 62 species, two subspecies and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 11% (46/430) species and 70% (21/30) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-48

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Caryophyllaceae

continued

Caryophyllaceae 石竹科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. githago L.

Volume 4

Agrostemma 麦仙翁属 麦仙翁

4 4

Arenaria 无心菜属 A. barbata Franch.

髯毛无心菜

4

A. polytrichoides Edgew. et Hook. f.

团状福禄草

4

A. serpyllifolia L.

无心菜

4 4

Brachystemma 短瓣花属 B. calycinum D. Don

短瓣花

4 4

Cerastium 卷耳属 C. fontanum ssp. triviale (E. H. L. Krause) Jalas

簇生卷耳

4

C. glomeratum Thuill.

球序卷耳

4 4

Dianthus 石竹属 D. arenarius L.

沙生石竹

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Caryophyllaceae 石竹科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. armeria L.

笔花石竹

4

D. barbatus L.

须苞石竹

4

D. carthusianorum L.

紫花石竹

4

D. caryophyllus L.

香石竹

4

D. chinensis L

石竹

4

D. deltoides L.

美女石竹

4

D. japonicus Thunb.

日本石竹

4

D. longicalyx Miq.

长萼石竹

4

D. plumarius L.

常夏石竹

4

D. superbus L.

瞿麦

4 4

Drymaria 荷莲豆草属 D. diandra Blume

荷莲豆草

E. binghamiae J. Agardh

鹅肠藻

4 4

Gymnocarpos 裸果木属 G. przewalskii Bunge ex Maxim.

4 4

Endarachne 鹅肠藻属

裸果木

4 4

Gypsophila 石头花属 G. cerastioides D. Don

卷耳状石头花

4

G. oldhamiana Miq.

长蕊石头花

4

G. paniculata L.

圆锥石头花

4

G. patrinii Ser.

紫萼石头花

4

G. perfoliata L.

钝叶石头花

4 4

Lychnis 剪秋罗属 L. chalcedonica L.

皱叶剪秋罗

4

L. coronaria (L.) Desr.

毛剪秋罗

4

L. coronata Thunb.

剪春罗

4

L. fulgens Fisch.

剪秋罗

4

L. senno Sieb. et Zucc.

剪红纱花

4 4

Moehringia 种阜草属 M. lateriflora (L.) Fenzl.

种阜草

4

Myosoton 鹅肠菜属 M. aquaticum (L.) Moench

鹅肠菜 白鼓钉 多荚草

4 4

Psammosilene 金铁锁属 P. tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu

4 4

Polycarpon 多荚草属 P. prostratum (Forssk.) Aschers. et Schwein. ex Aschers.

4 4

Polycarpaea 白鼓钉属 P. corymbosa (L.) Lam.

4

金铁锁

4 4

Pseudostellaria 孩儿参属 P. davidii (Franch.) Pax.

蔓孩儿参

4

P. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax

孩儿参

4 4

Sagina 漆姑草属 S. japonica (Sw.) Ohwi

漆姑草

S. officinalis L.

4 4

Saponaria 肥皂草属 肥皂草

4 4

Silene 蝇子草属 S. aprica Turcz.

女娄菜

4

S. armeria L.

高雪轮

4

S. baccifera (L.) Roth

狗筋蔓

4

187

188

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Caryophyllaceae 石竹科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. conica L.

圆锥麦瓶草

4

S. conoidea L.

麦瓶草

4

S. delavayi Franch.

西南蝇子草

4

S. dioica (L.) Clairv.

异株蝇子草

4

S. firma Sieb. et Zucc.

坚硬女娄菜

4

S. fortunei Vis.

鹤草

4

S. grandiflora Franch.

大花蝇子草

4

S. latifolia ssp. alba (Mill.) Greuter

白花蝇子草

4

S. pendula L.

矮雪轮

4

S. sieboldii (van Houtte) H. Ohashi et H. Nakai

狭叶蝇子草

4

S. tatarinowii Regel

石生蝇子草

4

S. viscaria (L.) Jess.

粘蝇子草

4

S. yunnanensis Franch.

云南蝇子草

4 4

Spergularia 拟漆姑属 S. marina (L.) Griseb.

拟漆姑

4 4

Stellaria 繁缕属 S. alsine Grimm.

雀舌草

4

S. chinensis Regel

中国繁缕

4

S. dichotoma var. lanceolata Bge.

银柴胡

4

S. media (L.) Vill.

繁缕

4

S. neglecta Weihe ex Bluff et Fingerh.

鹅肠繁缕

4

S. vestita Kurz

箐姑草

4

S. yunnanensis Franch.

千针万线草

4 4

Vaccaria 麦蓝菜属 V. hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert.

麦蓝菜

49. Casuarinaceae 木麻黄科 Trees or shrubs. Branchlets whorled or pseudowhorled, noded, slender, green or grayish-green, similar to Equisetum, often grooved and lined or ridged. Leaves degenerate into scaly (sheath teeth), and 4 to many whorled around branchlet node, lower part joins into sheath and fully connate with next branchlet node. Flowers unisexual, monoecious or dioecious, without pedicels; male inflorescences slender, cylindrical, often terminal, rarely lateral spikes; female inflorescences globose or elliptic capitate inflorescences, terminal on short lateral branches; male flowers whorled on inflorescence axe, hidden between axillary connate copular bracts before opening. Perianth 1 or 2, fugacious, oblong, apical copular or two-merous, crossed, covered with anthers, with a pair of caducous or persistent bracts at basal. Stamen 1. Fruit a nutlet, flat, apical scarious wings. Seed solitary, testa scarious. Four genera and 97 species occur mostly in Australia, extending to SE Asia, Malesia, Pacific Islands.

Casuarina equisetifolia 木麻黄

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

189

There are one genus and three species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 33% (1/3) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-49

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Casuarinaceae

Casuarinaceae 木麻黄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Casuarina 木麻黄属 C. equisetifolia Forst

木麻黄

4

C. nana Sieb. ex Spreng.

千头木麻黄

4 4

Gymnostoma 方木麻黄属 G. australianum L. A. S. Johnson

4

方枝木麻黄

50. Celastraceae 卫矛科 Trees, shrubs or lianas, or scandent shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, rarely trifoliate similar to alternate. Stipule small, caducous or absent, rarely persistent. Flowers bisexual or degenerated into functionally sterile unisexual, with polygamous plants, rarely dioicous. Inflorescences cymes 1 to multiple branching, with small bracts and bracteoles. Flowers 4 to 5, equal numbers or less carpels, conspicuous differentiation between calyx and corolla, rarely similarity or degenerated corolla; calyx basal often connate with disc. Petals 4–5, free, rarely basal adnate, often with conspicuous swollen disc, rarely disc inconspicuous or absent. Sepals 4–5. Stamens equal to petals; stamens on disk, disk intrastaminal or Euonymus maackii 白杜 extrastaminal. Anthers 1 or 2-celled, carpels 2–5, connate. Fruit often a capsule. About 97 genera and 1194 species occur mainly in the tropics and subtropics, some in temperate regions. A total of 12 genera and 184 species found in China. Some species are used as ornamentals (in Celastrus, Euonymus, and Tripterygium) and/or herbal medicines, including traditional Chinese medicines (Celastrus, Euonymus, Maytenus, and Tripterygium). A total of 77 species, three varieties and two formas of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 40% (74/184) species and 83% (10/12) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-50

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Celastraceae

continued

Celastraceae 卫矛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

C. edulis Forssk. Celastrus 南蛇藤属

Volume 4

Catha 巧茶属 巧茶

4 4

190

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Celastraceae 卫矛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. angulatus Maxim.

苦皮藤

4

C. flagellaris Rupr.

刺苞南蛇藤

4

C. gemmatus Loes.

大芽南蛇藤

4

C. glaucophyllus Rehd. et Wils.

灰叶南蛇藤

4

C. hindsii Benth.

青江藤

4

C. hirsutus Comber

硬毛南蛇藤

4

C. hypoleucus (Oliv.) Warb. ex Loes.

粉背南蛇藤

4

C. monospermus Roxb.

独子藤

4

C. oblanceifolius Wang et Tsoong

窄叶南蛇藤

4

C. orbiculatus Thunb.

南蛇藤

4

C. paniculatus Willd.

灯油藤

4

C. rosthornianus Loes.

短柄南蛇藤

4

C. rugosus Rehd. et. Wils.

皱叶南蛇藤

4

C. stylosus Wall.

显柱南蛇藤

4

C. virens (Wang et Tang) C. Y. Cheng

绿独子藤

4 4

Euonymus 卫矛属 E. acanthocarpus Franch.

刺果卫矛

4

E. aculeatus Hemsl.

软刺卫矛

4

E. alatus (Thunb.) Sieb.

卫矛

4

E. alatus var. pubescens Maxim.

毛脉卫矛

4

E. americanus L.

美洲卫矛

4

E. carnosus Hemsl.

肉花卫矛

4

E. centidens Lévl.

百齿卫矛

4

E. chengii J. S. Ma

静容卫矛

4

E. chenmoui Cheng

陈谋卫茅

4

E. cornutus Hemsl.

角翅卫矛

4

E. dielsianus Loes.

裂果卫矛

4

E. distichus Lévl.

双歧卫矛

4

E. echinatus Wall.

棘刺卫矛

4

E. europaeus L.

欧洲卫矛

4

E. euscaphis Hand.-Mazz.

鸦椿卫矛

4

E. fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz.

扶芳藤

4

E. fortunei var. radicans (Sieb.) Rohd. f.

斑叶扶芳藤

4

E. frigidus Wall. ex Roxb.

冷地卫矛

4

E. frigidus var. cornutoides (Loes.) C. Y. Cheng

窄叶冷地卫矛

4

E. glaber Roxb.

帽果卫矛

4

E. grandiflorus Wall.

大花卫矛

4

E. grandiflorus f. salicifolius Stapf et Ballard

柳叶大花卫矛

4

E. hamiltonianus Wall. ex Roxb.

西南卫矛

4

E. hamiltonianus f. lanceifolius (Loes.) C. Y. Cheng,

毛脉西南卫矛

4

E. japonicus Thunb.

冬青卫矛

4

E. laxiflorus Champ. ex Benth.

疏花卫茅

4

E. maackii Rupr.

白杜

4

E. macropterus Rupr.

黄心卫矛

4

E. microcarpus (Oliv.) Sprague

小果卫矛

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Celastraceae 卫矛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. myrianthus Hemsl.

大果卫矛

4

E. nanus Bieb.

矮卫矛

4

E. nitidus Benth.

中华卫矛

4

E. phellomanus Loes.

栓翅卫矛

4

E. sanguineus Loes.

石枣子

4

E. schensianus Maxim.

陕西卫矛

4

E. semenovii Regel

中亚卫矛

4

E. spraguei Hay.

疏刺卫矛

4

E. ternifolius Hand.-Mazz.

韩氏卫矛

4

E. tingens Wall.

染用卫矛

4

E. tsoi Merrill

狭叶卫矛

4

E. venosus Hemsl.

曲脉卫矛

4

E. verrucosoides Loes.

疣点卫矛

4

E. viburnoides Prain

荚蒾卫矛

4

E. yunnanensis Franch.

云南卫矛

4 4

Glyptopetalum 沟瓣属 G. geloniifolium (Chun et How) C. Y. Cheng.

白树沟瓣

4

G. rhytidophyllum (Chun et How) C. Y. Cheng.

皱叶沟瓣

4

G. sclerocarpum (Kurz) Laws.

硬果沟瓣

4 4

Gymnosporia 裸实属 G. diversifolia Maxim.

细叶裸实

4

G. graciliramula (S. J. Pei et Y. H. Li) Q. R. Liu et Funston

细梗裸实

4

G. orbiculata (C. Y. Wu ex S. J. Pei et Y. H. Li) Q. R. Liu et Funston

圆叶裸实

4 4

Maytenus 美登木属 M. austroyunnanensis S. J. Pei et Y. H. Li

滇南美登木

4

M. confertiflora J. Y. Luo et X. X. Chen

密花美登木

4

M. guangxiensis C. Y. Chang et W. L. Sha

广西美登木

4

M. hookeri Loes.

美登木

4

M. inflata S. J. Pei et Y. H. Li

胀果美登木

4

M. variabilis (Hemsl.) C. Y. Cheng

刺茶美登木

4 4

Microtropis 假卫矛属 M. biflora Merr. et Freem.

双花假卫矛

4

M. discolor Wall.

异色假卫矛

4

M. fokienensis Dunn

福建假卫矛

4

M. gracilipes Merr. et Metc.

密花假卫矛

4

M. obliquinervia Merr. et Freem.

斜脉假卫矛

4

M. tetragona Merr. et Freem.

方枝假卫矛

4

M. thyrsiflora C. Y. Cheng et T. C. Kao

大序假卫矛

4 4

Monimopetalum 永瓣藤属 M. chinense Rehd.

永瓣藤

4

Perrottetia 核子木属 P. racemosa (Oliv.) Loes.

核子木

4 4

Tripterygium 雷公藤属 T. wilfordii Hook. f.

4

雷公藤

4

191

192

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

51. Ceratophyllaceae 金鱼藻科 Herbs submerged, perennial; rootless, floating, stems branched. Leaves 4–12 whorled, hard and brittle, 1–4 dichotomously into filiform, margin serrated or microdentate, apical 2 bristles. Stipule absent. Flowers solitary, unisexual, monoecious, tiny, staminate and pistillate axillary in different nodes, nearly sessile. Involucre 8–12 bracts, apical colored hairs. Perianth absent. Staminate flower: 10–20 stamens, filaments very short, anthers outward, longitudinally slits, anther connectives extended into colored large appendages, with apical 2–3 dentate. Pistillate flower: carpel 1, stigma lateral, ovary 1-loculed, with 1 pendulous, orthotropous ovule, 1-layer integument. Fruit a leathery achene, oval or ellipsoid, smooth or Ceratophyllum demersum 金鱼藻 tuberculate, marginal wings present or absent, long spiny styles persistent at apex, 2 spines at basal, sometimes 2 spines at upper. Seed 1, unitegmic coat. One genus and six species occur worldwide. Three species found in China. A total of one species, and two subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 33% (1/3) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-51

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ceratophyllaceae

Ceratophyllaceae 金鱼藻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Ceratophyllum 金鱼藻属 C. demersum L.

金鱼藻

4

C. muricatum ssp. kossinskyi Chamisso

粗糙金鱼藻

4

C. platyacanthum ssp. oryzetorum Chamisso

五刺金鱼藻

4

52. Cercidiphyllaceae 连香树科 Trees deciduous, single or multiple trunked. Branching into long branches and short branches. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate on long branches; short branches with overlapping annular scars of bud scales, often 1 leaf and 1 inflorescence. Buds axillary on short branches, oval, with 2 scales. Leaf blade papery, margin obtusely serrated, palmately veined. Petiole present. Stipules caducous. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, appearing before leaves, with 1 bract. Perianth absent. StamiCercidiphyllum japonicum 连香树 nate flowers: clustered, subsessile, stamens 8–13, filaments slender, anthers linear, red, connective elongated into appendages. Pistillate flowers: 4–8, pedicels short; carpels 4–8, free, style red-purple, several ovules per carpel. Fruits 2–4 follicles, with persistent styles and short pedicels. Seeds, several, flat, winged one side or both sides.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

One genus and two species native to China and Japan. Only one species is endemic to China. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-52

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cercidiphyllaceae

Cercidiphyllaceae 连香树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Cercidiphyllum 连香树属 C. japonicum Sieb. et Zucc.

连香树

4

53. Chenopodiaceae 藜科 Annual herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, rarely perennial herbs or small trees. Stems and branches sometimes articulated. Leaves alternate or opposite, blade flat or terete and semiterete, some deformed into scales, petiolate or sessile, stipules absent. Flowers monochlamydeous, unisexual or bisexual, rarely polygamous. Bracteate or ebracteate, if bracts presence leaves-like, often 2, sometimes navicular to scale-like. Perianth membranous, herbaceous or fleshy, (1–2) 3–5 deeply lobed or entire, imbricate, rarely arranged in 2 whorls. Fruit a utricle, often enlarged, tough, or dorsal wings or spiny and verrucous appendage, pericarp membranous, leathery or fleshy, adnate or appressed to seeds. About 100 genera and 1400 species occur mostly in arid regions, mainly in deserts, coastal and saline habitats of N and S Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. A total of 40 genera and 206 species found in China. A total of 61 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. Chenopodium album 藜 A number of 30% (61/206) species and 53% (21/40) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-53

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Chenopodiaceae

continued

Chenopodiaceae 藜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

4

Agriophyllum 沙蓬属 A. squarrosum (L.) Moq.

沙蓬

毛足假木贼

4 4

Atriplex 滨藜属 A. aucheri Moq.

4 4

Anabasis 假木贼属 A. eriopoda (Schrenk) Paulsen

Volume

野榆钱菠菜

4

193

194

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Chenopodiaceae 藜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. canescens (Pursh) Nutt.

四翼滨藜

4

A. centralasiatica Iljin

中亚滨藜

4

A. centralasiatica var. megalotheca (M. Pop.) G. L. Chu

大苞滨藜

4

A. sibirica L.

西伯利亚滨藜

4

A. tatarica L.

鞑靼滨藜

4 4

Bassia 雾冰藜属 B. dasyphylla (Fisch. et C. A. Mey.) Kuntze

雾冰藜

4

B. hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze

钩刺雾冰藜

4 4

Beta 甜菜属 B. vulgaris L.

甜菜

4

B. vulgaris var. cicla L.

厚皮菜

4 4

Borszczowia 异子蓬属 B. aralocaspica Bunge

异子蓬

4

Camphorosma 樟味藜属 C. monspeliaca L.

4

樟味藜

4 4

Chenopodium 藜属 C. album L.

藜

4

C. bryoniifolium Bunge

菱叶藜

4

C. giganteum D. Don

杖藜

4

C. glaucum L.

灰绿藜

4

C. hybridum L.

杂配藜

4

C. strictum Roth

圆头藜

4 4

Corispermum 虫实属 C. declinatum Stephan ex Iljin

绳虫实

4

C. elongatum Bunge

长穗虫实

4

C. heptapotamicum Iljin

中亚虫实

4

C. lehmannianum Bunge

倒披针叶虫实

4

C. patelliforme Iljin

蝶果虫实

4

C. puberulum Iljin

软毛虫实

4 4

Dysphania 腺毛藜属 D. ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin et Clemants

土荆芥

4

D. aristata (L.) Mosyakin et Clemants

刺藜

4

D. botrys (L.) Mosyakin et Clemants

香藜

4

D. schraderiana (Roem. et Schult.) Mosyakin et Clemants

菊叶香藜

4 4

Halocnemum 盐节木属 H. strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb.

盐节木

4 4

Halogeton 盐生草属 H. arachnoideus Moq.

白茎盐生草

4

H. glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C. A. Mey.

盐生草

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Chenopodiaceae 藜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

4

Halostachys 盐穗木属 H. caspica C. A. Mey.

Volume

盐穗木

4 4

Haloxylon 梭梭属 H. ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge

梭梭

4

H. persicum Bunge ex Boiss. et Buhse

白梭梭

4 4

Horaninovia 对节刺属 H. ulicina Fisch. et C. A. Mey.

对节刺

4

Iljinia 戈壁藜属 I. regelii (Bunge) Korovin

4

戈壁藜

4 4

Kalidium 盐爪爪属 K. caspicum (L.) Ung.-Sternb.

里海盐爪爪

4

K. cuspidatum (Ung.-Sternb.) Grubov

尖叶盐爪爪

4

K. foliatum (Pall.) Moq.

盐爪爪

4 4

Kochia 地肤属 K. odontoptera Schrenk

尖翅地肤

4

K. prostrata (L.) C. Schrad.

木地肤

4

K. scoparia (L.) Schrad.

地肤

4

K. stellaris Moq.

伊朗地肤

4 4

Krascheninnikovia 驼绒藜属 K. ceratoides (Linnaeus) Gueldenstaedt

驼绒藜

4

K. ewersmanniana (Stschegl. ex Losinsk.) Grubov

心叶驼绒藜

4 4

Salicornia 盐角草属 S. europaea L.

盐角草

4 4

Salsola 猪毛菜属 S. arbuscula Pall.

木本猪毛菜

4

S. lanata Pall.

短柱猪毛菜

4

S. micranthera Botschantz.

小药猪毛菜

4

S. pellucida Litv.

薄翅猪毛菜

4

S. tragus L.

刺沙蓬

4 4

Spinacia 菠菜属 S. oleracea L.

菠菜

4 4

Suaeda 碱蓬属 S. acuminata (C. A. Mey.) Moq.

刺毛碱蓬

4

S. altissima (L.) Pall.

高碱蓬

4

S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge

碱蓬

4

S. kossinskyi Iljin

肥叶碱蓬

4

S. microphylla Pall.

小叶碱蓬

4

S. physophora Pall.

囊果碱蓬

4

S. prostrata Pall.

平卧碱蓬

4

195

196

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Chenopodiaceae 藜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. salsa (L.) Pall.

盐地碱蓬

4 4

Sympegma 合头草属 S. regelii Bunge

合头草

4

54. Chloranthaceae 金粟兰科 Herbs, shrubs or small trees. Leaves unifoliate, opposite, margin serrated, pinnately veined, petiole basal often connate, stipules small. Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual, arranged in spikes, capitals or panicles. Perianth present in female flowers, shallow cup-like, 3-lobed or calyx tube, or absent. Bisexual flowers: stamens 1 or 3, on one side of ovary. Filaments inconspicuous but connectives conspicuous; if stamens 3, septa connate at base or free. Anthers 2-or 1-loculed, longitudinally slits. Pistils 1, 1-carpelled. Ovary inferior, 1-locule, 1 pendulous ovule. Style short or absent. Unisexual flowers: male flowers numerous, stamen 1; female flowers few, perianth 3-lobed or calyx-like adnate to ovary. Fruit a drupe, oval or gloChloranthus fortunei 丝穗金粟兰 bose, exocarp fleshy, endocarp hard. Five genera and ca. 70 species occur in tropical and subtropical regions. Three genera and 21 species found in China. A total of 12 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 57% (12/21) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-54

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Chloranthaceae

Chloranthaceae 金粟兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Chloranthus 金粟兰属 C. angustifolius Oliv.

狭叶金粟兰

4

C. erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verdc.

鱼子兰

4

C. fortunei (A.Gray) Solms-Laub.

丝穗金粟兰

4

C. henryi Hemsl.

宽叶金粟兰

4

C. henryi var. hupehensis (Pamp.) K. F. Wu

湖北金粟兰

4

C. holostegius (Hand.-Mazz.) Pei et Shan

全缘金粟兰

4

C. japonicus Sieb.

银线草

4

C. multistachys Pei

多穗金粟兰

4

C. oldhami Solms-Laub.

台湾金粟兰

4

C. serratus (Thunb.) Roem et Schult

及已

4

C. sessilifolius K. F. Wu

四川金粟兰

4

C. spicatus (Thunb.) Makino

金粟兰

4 4

Sarcandra 草珊瑚属 S. glabra (Thunb.) Nakai

草珊瑚

4

S. glabra ssp. brachystachys (Blume) Verdc.

海南草珊瑚

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

197

55. Cistaceae 半日花科 Herbs, shrubs or subshrubs. Leaves simple, usually opposite, rarely alternate, stipulate or estipulate. Flower solitary, or inflorescence raceme or thyrsoid, bisexual, regular. Sepals 5, outer 2 shape and size different, inner 3, or outer 2 absent. Petals 5 (rarely 3), fugacious. Stamens many. Filaments free, unequal length, on elongated or discoid receptacle. Anther 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Pistils 3–5 or 10 carpels. Ovary superior, 1-loculed or incomplete 3–5-loculed, placentas parietal. Ovules 2 to many, orthotropous, rarely anatropous. Style 1, and stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, leathery or woody, loculicidal Cistus laurifolius 桂叶岩蔷薇 dehiscence. Seeds small, often angular and rough surface. Eight genera and ca. 170 species occur in North Africa, Southwestern Asia, and Europe, mostly in the Mediterranean region, extending to Eastern Africa (Somalia) and Central Asia, also in North and South America. Only one species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-55

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cistaceae

Cistaceae 半日花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Cistus 岩蔷薇属 C. laurifolius L.

桂叶岩蔷薇

4

C. salviifolius L.

鼠尾草叶岩蔷薇

4 4

Helianthemum 半日花属 H. songaricum Schrenk

半日花

4

56. Clethraceae 桤叶树科 Shrubs or trees, rarely evergreen. New shoots and leaves often with stellate or simple hairs. Leaves unifoliate, alternate, often clustered on stem apex, caducous, petiolate, stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, regular, often terminal, rarely axillary single raceme or branched into conical or nearly umbrella-like compound racemes; rachis and pedicels with stellate and clustered hairs, rarely unilateral hairs. Pedicel basal with 1 bract, fugacious or sometimes persistent. Calyx discoid, 5 (–6) deeply lobed, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5 (–6), free, very rarely basal connate or coherent, imbricate and alternate with sepals, usually obovate to oblong, inside hairy or glabrous, apex often emarginate or fimbriate, rarely entire margin, sometimes with marginal hairs but postanthesis abscission. Stamens 10 (–12), hypogynous,

Clethra bodinieri var. parviflora 小花桤叶树

198

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

free, sometimes adnate at base connate with petals, no disc; arranged in two whorls, outer opposite with petal, inner opposite with sepal. Fruit a capsule, subglobose, with persistent calyx and style, dorsal slits into 3-locular. Seeds numerous, small, with a loose and transparent seed coat. One genus and ca. 65 species occur in America, Asia, North Atlantic Islands (Madeira). One genus and seven species found in China. A total of six species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 57% (4/7) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-56

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Clethraceae

Clethraceae 桤叶树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Clethra 桤叶树属 C. alnifolia L.

桤叶树

4

C. barbinervis Sieb. et Zucc.

髭脉桤叶树

4

C. bodinieri Lévl.

单毛桤叶树

4

C. bodinieri var. parviflora Fang et L. C. Hu

小花桤叶树

4

C. delavayi Franch.

云南桤叶树

4

C. faberi Hance

华南桤叶树

4

C. fargesii Franch.

城口桤叶树

4

57. Cochlospermaceae 弯子木科 Perennial herbs, or shrub or trees, often colored lactiferous. Leaves alternate, simple, stipulate, petiolate. Flowers large, often yellow. Anthers 2-celled, straight, dehiscing via apical pores. Pistil 1, ovary superior, 1–3-locular, carpels 3 (–5), connate; placentation axile [parietal]. Ovules 18≥100. Style simple. Fruit a capsule. Seeds many, glabrous or hairy. Many species mostly occur in Central and South America. Several species (introduced) found in China A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. Table IV-57

Cochlospermum religiosum 弯子木

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cochlospermaceae

Cochlospermaceae 弯子木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Cochlospermum 弯子木属 C. religiosum (L.) Alston

弯子木

4

C. vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng.

毛茛树

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

199

58. Combretaceae 使君子科 Trees or shrubs, rarely woody vines, simple hairs or glandular hairs. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, rarely whorled, margin entire or slightly wavy, rarely serrated, petiolate, estipulate; glands often present between crenations of proximal margin and at leaf basal or on petiole; hair sometimes secreting calcium oxalate to form scales; calcium oxalate sometimes forms a transparent spot or fine papilla under the cuticle. Flowers often bisexual, sometimes monoecious, actinomorphic, occasionally zygomorphic. Inflorescent capitate or spike, raceme or panicle. Calyx 4–5 (8) lobed, valvate, persistence or abscission. Petals 4–5 or absent, imbricate or valvate. Stamens often 2 or equal to or twice as many as sepals, Quisqualis indica 使君子 inserted inside distal part of calyx tube. Fruit a nut, drupe or samara, often 2–5-ridged. Seed 1, endosperm absent. About 20 genera and ca. 500 species are widespread in tropics and subtropics. Six genera and 25 species found in China. A total of 26 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 68% (17/25) species and 67% (4/6) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-58

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Combretaceae

continued

Combretaceae 使君子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Anogeissus 榆绿木属 A. acuminata (Roxb. ex DC.) Guill. et al.

榆绿木

4

A. leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. et Perr.

马拉胶

4 4

Combretum 风车子属 C. alfredii Hance

风车子

4

C. constrictum (Benth.) M. A. Lawson

泰国粉扑藤

4

C. erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond.

红花风车子

4

C. griffithii van Heurck et Müll. Arg.

西南风车子

4

C. latifolium Blume

阔叶风车子

4

C. oliviforme Chao

榄形风车子

4

C. pilosum Roxb.

长毛风车子

4

C. punctatum var. squamosum (Roxb. ex G. Don) M. G. Gangopadhyay et Chatraba

水密花

4

C. roxburghii Spreng.

十蕊风车子

4

C. yunnanense Exell

云南风车子

4 4

Getonia 萼翅藤属 G. floribunda Roxb.

萼翅藤

4 4

Quisqualis 使君子属 Q. conferta (Jack) Exell

小花使君子

4

Q. indica L.

使君子

4 4

Terminalia 诃子属 T. arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight et Arn.

阿江榄仁

4

200

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Combretaceae 使君子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

毗黎勒

4

T. catappa L.

榄仁树

4

T. chebula Retz.

诃子

4

T. chebula var. tomentella (Kurz) C. B. Clarke

微毛诃子

4

T. franchetii Gagnep.

滇榄仁

4

T. laxiflora Engl. et Diels

疏花榄仁

4

T. mantaly H. Perrier

小叶榄仁

4

T. muelleri Benth.

卵果榄仁

4

T. myriocarpa van Heurck et Müll. Arg.

千果榄仁

4

T. nigrovenulosa Pierre

海南榄仁

4

T. superba Eagl. ex Diels

艳榄仁

4

T. tomentosa Wight et Arn.

毛榄仁

4

59. Commelinaceae 鸭跖草科 Herbs annual or perennial, with lignified woody stem basal. Stems conspicuous internodes and nodes. Leaves alternate, prominent sheaths, open or closure. Flowers often on scorpion-tail like cymes. Inflorescent solitary cymes or clustered panicles, sometimes elongated or shortened to capitate, or sometimes pedunculate absent and flowers clustered, and sometimes degenerated into single flower; terminal or axillary, sometimes axillary cymes penetrate into leaf sheath and out of the sheath. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual. Sepals 3, free or connate at base, often navicular or carinate-shaped, sometimes with apical galeate. Petals 3 free. Stamens 6. Fruits mostly dorsal dehiscent capsules, rarely berrylike. Seeds large, few. Cyanotis arachnoidea 蛛丝毛蓝耳草 About 40 genera and 650 species occur mainly in tropical regions, fewer species in subtropical and temperate regions. A total of 13 genera and 60 species found in China. A total of 45 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 62% (37/60) species and 77% (10/13) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-59

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Commelinaceae

continued

Commelinaceae 鸭跖草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Amischotolype 穿鞘花属 A. hispida (Less. et A. Rich.) Hong

穿鞘花

4

A. hookeri (Hassk.) Hara

尖果穿鞘花

4

Belosynapsis 假紫万年青属

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Commelinaceae 鸭跖草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. ciliata (Blume) R. S. Rao

假紫万年青

4 4

Callisia 锦竹草属 C. gentlei var. elegans (Alexander ex H. E. Moore) D. R. Hunt

紫锦草

4

C. navicularis (Ortgies) D. R. Hunt

重扇

4

C. repens (Jacq.) L.

洋竹草

4 4

Commelina 鸭跖草属 C. benghalensis L.

饭包草

4

C. communis L.

鸭跖草

4

C. diffusa Burm. f.

节节草

4

C. paludosa Bl.

大苞鸭跖草

4

C. undulata R. Br.

波缘鸭跖草

4 4

Cyanotis 蓝耳草属 C. arachnoidea C. B. Clarke

蛛丝毛蓝耳草

4

C. cristata (L.) D. Don

四孔草

4

C. vaga (Lour.) Roem. et Schult.

蓝耳草

4 4

Dichorisandra 鸳鸯草属 D. thyrsiflora J. C. Mikan

蓝姜

4 4

Dictyospermum 网籽草属 D. conspicuum (Blume) Hassk.

网籽草

4

D. scaberrimum (Bl.) J. K. Morton ex Hong

毛果网籽草

4 4

Floscopa 聚花草属 F. scandens Lour.

聚花草

4

F. yunnanensis D. Y. Hong

云南聚花草

4 4

Murdannia 水竹叶属 M. bracteata (C. B. Clarke) J. K. Morton ex Hong

大苞水竹叶

4

M. divergens (C. B. Clarke) A. Bruckn.

紫背鹿衔草

4

M. japonica (Thunb.) Faden

宽叶水竹叶

4

M. loriformis Rolla Rao et Kammathy

牛轭草

4

M. macrocarpa Hong

大果水竹叶

4

M. nudiflora (L.) Brenan

裸花水竹叶

4

M. simplex (Vahl) Brenan

细竹篙草

4

M. spectabilis (Kurz) Faden

腺毛水竹叶

4

M. triquetra (Wall.) Bruckn.

水竹叶

4

M. yunnanensis Hong

云南水竹叶

4 4

Pollia 杜若属 P. hasskarlii Rolla Rao

大杜若

4

P. japonica Thunb.

杜若

4

P. miranda (Lévl.) Hara

川杜若

4

P. secundiflora (Bl.) Bakh. f.

长花枝杜若

4

P. siamensis (Craib) Faden

长柄杜若

4

P. subumbellata C. B. Clarke

伞花杜若

4

201

202

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Commelinaceae 鸭跖草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. thyrsiflora (Bl.) Endl. ex Hassk.

密花杜若

4 4

Porandra 孔药花属 P. ramosa D. Y. Hong

孔药花

4

P. scandens D. Y. Hong

攀援孔药花

4 4

Streptolirion 竹叶子属 S. volubile Edgew.

竹叶子

4 4

Tradescantia 紫露草属 T. fluminensis Vell.

白花紫露草

4

T. ohiensis Raf.

紫露草

4

T. pallida (Rose) D. R. Hunt

紫竹梅

4

T. sillamontana Matuda

白雪姬

4

T. spathacea Sw.

紫背万年青

4

T. virginiana L.

无毛紫露草

4

T. zebrina Bosse

吊竹梅

4

60. Compositae 菊科 Herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, rarely trees or lianas; sometimes with laticiferous or resin cell or ducts or canals. Leaves often alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, margin entire or serrated or lobed, stipules absent, or sometimes petiole base enlarged into stipule-like. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, rarely unisexual, regular or zygomorphic, 5-merous, few or many densely arranged into capitated or short spike-like inflorescences, enclosed by phyllaries with 1 or many layers of bracts. Capitated inflorescences solitary or several to many arranged in raceme, cymose, umbrella or conical, flat or convex, with or without alveolate, glabrous or hairy; with or without bracteoles. Sepal undeveloped, often scaly, bristly or hairy pappi. Corolla often actinomorphic, tubular, or zygomorphic; bilabiate, or lingulate, capitate discoid or radial, with identical florets, all tubular or lingulate, or heteromorphic peripheral female florets, also lingulate with central bisexual tubular flowers. Stamens 4–5, on corolla tube. Fruit an indehiscent achene. About 1600–1700 genera and ca. 24,000 species occur worldwide (except Antarctica). A total of 15 tribes (one introduced), 248 genera (18 endemics, 49 introduced), and 2336 species (1145 endemic, 109 introduced) found in China.

Cosmos sulphureus 黄秋英

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

203

A total of 473 species, two subspecies, 17 varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 14% (325/2336) species and 58% (144/248) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-60

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Compositae

continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Acanthospermum 刺苞果属 A. australe (L.) O. Kuntze

南方刺苞果

4

A. hispidum DC.

刺苞果

4 4

Achillea 蓍属 A. alpina L.

高山蓍

4

A. filipendulina Lam.

凤尾蓍

4

A. millefolium L.

蓍草

4

A. nobilis Roch. ex Nyman

壮观蓍

4

A. tomentosa L.

绒毛蓍草

4

A. wilsoniana Heimerl ex Hand.-Mazz.

云南蓍

4 4

Acroptilon 顶羽菊属 A. repens (L.) DC.

顶羽菊

4

Adenocaulon 和尚菜属 A. himalaicum Edgew.

4

和尚菜

4 4

Adenostemma 下田菊属 A. lavenia (L.) O. Kuntze

下田菊

4

A. lavenia var. latifolium (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz.

宽叶下田菊

4 4

Ageratina 紫茎泽兰属 A. adenophora (Spreng) R. M. King et H. Robinson

紫茎泽兰

4 4

Ageratum 藿香蓟属 A. conyzoides L.

藿香蓟

4

A. houstonianum Mill.

熊耳草

4 4

Ainsliaea 兔儿风属 A. angustata Chang

马边兔儿风

4

A. asaroides Y. S. Ye, J. Wang et H. G. Ye

细辛叶兔儿风

4

A. fragrans Champ.

杏香兔儿风

4

A. gracilis Franch.

纤枝兔儿风

4

A. grossedentata Franch.

粗齿兔儿风

4

A. henryi Diels

长穗兔儿风

4

A. latifolia (D. Don) Sch.-Bip.

宽叶兔儿风

4

A. macroclinidioides Hay.

阿里山兔儿风

4

A. pertyoides Franch.

腋花兔儿风

4

A. ramosa Hemsl.

莲沱兔儿风

4

A. walkeri Hook. f.

华南兔儿风

4

A. yunnanensis Franch.

云南兔儿风

4 4

Ajania 亚菊属 A. pacifica (Nakai) K. Bremer et Humphries

金球菊

4

204

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. pallasiana (Fisch. ex Bess.) Poljak.

亚菊

4

A. potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak.

川甘亚菊

4

A. variifolia (Chang) Tzvel.

异叶亚菊

4 4

Amberboa 珀菊属 A. moschata (L.) DC.

珀菊

4

Ambrosia 豚草属 A. artemisiifolia L.

4

豚草

4 4

Anaphalis 香青属 A. aureopunctata Lingelsh. et Borza

黄腺香青

4

A. latialata Ling et Y. L. Chen

宽翅香青

4

A. sinica Hance.

香青

4 4

Anisopappus 山黄菊属 A. chinensis (L.) Hook et Arn.

山黄菊

4 4

Arctium 牛蒡属 A. lappa L.

牛蒡

4

A. tomentosum Mill.

毛头牛蒡

4 4

Argyranthemum 木茼蒿属 A. frutescens (L.) Sch.-Bip.

木茼蒿

A. annua L.

4 4

Artemisia 蒿属 黄花蒿

4

A. anomala S. Moore

奇蒿

4

A. anomala var. tomentella Hand.-Mazz.

密毛奇蒿

4

A. argyi Lévl. et Van.

艾

4

A. austriaca Jacq.

银蒿

4

A. capillaris Thunb.

茵陈篙

4

A. carvifolia Buch.-Ham.

青蒿

4

A. carvifolia var. schochi (Mafl.) Pamp.

大头青蒿

4

A. deversa Diels

侧蒿

4

A. dracunculus L.

龙蒿

4

A. dubia var. subdigitata (Mattr.) Y. R. Ling

无毛牛尾蒿

4

A. halodendron Turcz. ex Bess.

盐蒿

4

A. indica Willd.

五月艾

4

A. integrifolia L.

柳叶蒿

4

A. japonica Thunb.

牡蒿

4

A. lactiflora Wall. ex DC.

白苞蒿

4

A. lancea Vant.

矮蒿

4

A. lavandulaefolia DC.

野艾蒿

4

A. myriantha Y. R. Ling

多花蒿

4

A. ordosica Krasch.

黑沙蒿

4

A. pewzowii C. Winkl.

纤梗蒿

4

A. princeps Pamp.

魁蒿

4

A. sacrorum Ledeb.

白莲蒿

4

A. selengensis Turcz. ex Besse

蒌蒿

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd.

大籽蒿

4

A. sphaerocephala Krasch.

圆头蒿

4

A. sylvatica Maxim.

阴地蒿

4

A. tangutica Pamp.

甘青蒿

4

A. verlotorum Lam.

南艾蒿

4

A. vestita Wall. ex Bess.

毛莲蒿

4

A. vulgaris L.

北艾

4

A. ageratoides Turcz.

三脉紫菀

4

A. ageratoides var. heterophyllus Maxim.

异叶三脉紫菀

4

4

Aster 紫菀属

A. ageratoides var. lasiocladus (Hay.) Hand.-Mazz.

毛茎紫菀

4

A. ageratoides var. laticorymbus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.

宽叶紫菀

4

A. ageratoides var. scaberulus (Miq.) Ling

微糙三脉紫菀

4

A. albescens (DC.) Hand.-Mazz.

小舌紫菀

4

A. albescens var. gracilior Hand.-Mazz.

狭叶小舌紫菀

4

A. baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz.

白舌紫菀

4

A. batangensis Bur. et Franch.

巴塘紫菀

4

A. falcifolius Hand.-Mazz.

镰叶紫菀

4

A. likiangensis Franch.

丽江紫菀

4

A. novace-angliae L.

美国紫菀

4

A. novi-belgii L.

荷兰菊

4

A. panduratus Nees ex Walp.

琴叶紫菀

4

A. polius Schneid.

灰毛紫菀

4

A. senecioides Franch.

狗舌紫菀

4

A. sublatus Michx.

钻形紫菀

4

A. tataricus L. f.

紫苑

4 4

Asterothamnus 紫菀木属 A. fruticosus (C. Winkl.) Novopokr.

灌木紫菀木

4

关苍术

4

A. koreana (Nakai) Kitam.

朝鲜苍术

4

A. lancea (Thunb.) DC.

苍术

4

A. macrocephala Koidz.

白术

4

4

Atractylodes 苍术属 A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam.

4

Bellis 雏菊属 B. perennis L.

雏菊

4 4

Bidens 鬼针草属 B. bipinnata L.

婆婆针

4

B. cernua L.

柳叶鬼针草

4

B. frondosa L.

大狼杷草

4

B. pilosa L.

鬼针草

4

B. tripartita L.

狼杷草

4 4

Blainvillea 百能葳属 B. acmella (L.) Philipson

百能葳

4

205

206

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

B. balsamifera (L.) DC.

Volume 4

Blumea 艾纳香属 艾纳香

4

B. densiflora DC.

密花艾纳香

4

B. fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz

节节红

4

B. hieracifolia (D. Don) DC.

毛毡草

4

B. lacera (Burm. f.) DC.

见霜黄

4

B. laciniata (Roxb.) DC.

六耳铃

4

B. lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce

千头艾纳香

4

B. megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng

东风草

4 4

Blumeopsis 拟艾纳香属 B. flava (DC.) Gagnep.

拟艾纳香

C. officinalis L.

金盏花

翠菊

4

凋缨菊

4

4

Camchaya 凋缨菊属 C. loloana Kerr.

4 4

Callistephus 翠菊属 C. chinensis (L.) Nees

4 4

Calendula 金盏花属

4

Carduus 飞廉属 C. acanthoides L.

节毛飞廉

4

C. crispus L.

丝毛飞廉

4

C. nutans L.

飞廉

4 4

Carpesium 天名精属 C. abrotanoides L.

天名精

4

C. cernuum L.

烟管头草

4

C. divaricatum Siebold et Zucc.

金挖耳

4

C. macrocephalum Franch. et Sav

大花金挖耳

4

C. minus Hemsl.

小花金挖耳

4

C. scapiforme Chen et C. M. Hu

葶茎天名精

4 4

Carthamus 红花属 C. tinctorius L.

红花

4 4

Centaurea 矢车菊属 C. cyanus L.

矢车菊

4

C. iberica Trev.

针刺矢车菊

4

C. ruthenica Lam.

欧亚矢车菊

4

C. segetum Hill

蓝花矢车菊

4

C. squarosa Willd.

小花矢车菊

4 4

Centipeda 石胡荽属 C. minima (L.) A. Br. et Asch.

石胡荽

4

假具苞铃子香

4

4

Chelonopsis 铃子香属 C. pseudobracteata C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li

4

Chondrilla 粉苞苣属 C. piptocoma Fisch. et Mey. Chromolaena 飞机草属

粉苞菊

4 4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. odoratum (L.) R. King et H. Rob.

飞机草

4 4

Chrysanthemum 菊属 C. coronarium L.

筒蒿

4

C. frutescens Thunb.

逢蒿菊

4

C. indicum Thunb.

野菊

4

C. lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Makino

甘菊

4

C. morifolium Ramat.

菊花

4

C. parthenium (L.) Pers.

小白菊

4

C. segetum L.

南茼蒿

4

C. vestitum (Hemsl.) Stapf

毛华菊

4

C. zawadskii Herb.

紫花野菊

4 4

Cichorium 菊苣属 C. intybus L.

菊苣

C. arvense (L.) Scop.

4 4

Cirsium 蓟属 丝路蓟

4

C. japonicum Fisch. ex DC.

蓟

4

C. lineare (Thunb.) Sch.-Bip.

线叶蓟

4

C. setosum (Willd.) MB.

刺儿菜

4

C. shansiense Petrak

牛口刺

4 4

Clintonia 七筋姑属 C. udensis Trautv. et Mey.

七筋姑

4 4

Conyza 白酒草属 C. bonariensis (L.) Cronq.

香丝草

4

C. canadensis (L.) Cronq.

小蓬草

4

C. japonica Less.

白酒草

4

C. perennis Hand.-Mazz.

宿根白酒草

4

C. sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker

苏门白酒草

4 4

Coreopsis 金鸡菊属 C. basalis (A. Dietr.) S. F. Blake

金鸡菊

4

C. grandiflora Nutt. ex Chapm.

大花金鸡菊

4

C. lanceolata L.

剑叶金鸡菊

4

C. tinctoria Nutt.

两色金鸡菊

4

C. tripteris L.

三叶金鸡菊

4

C. verticillata Lam.

轮叶金鸡菊

4 4

Cosmos 秋英属 C. bipinnatus Cav.

秋英

4

C. sulphureus Cav.

黄秋英

4 4

Cotula 山芫荽属 C. anthemoides L.

芫荽菊

C. affinis Schrenk

刺头菊

4 4

Crassocephalum 野茼蒿属 C. crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore

4 4

Cousinia 刺头菊属

野茼蒿

4

207

208

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

C. reniforme (DC.) Benth.

垂头菊

绿茎还阳参

芙蓉菊

杯菊

菜蓟

4 4

Dahlia 大丽花属 D. pinnata Cav.

4 4

Cynara 菜蓟属 C. scolymus L.

4 4

Cyathocline 杯菊属 C. purpurea (Buch.-Ham.) O. Ktze.

4 4

Crossostephium 芙蓉菊属 C. chinense (L.) Makino

4 4

Crepis 还阳参属 C. lignea (Vaniot) Babcock

Volume 4

Cremanthodium 垂头菊属

大丽花

4 4

Dichrocephala 鱼眼草属 D. auriculata (Thunb.) Druce

鱼眼菊

4

D. benthamii C. B. Clarke

小鱼眼草

4

D. chrysanthemifolia (Bl.) DC.

菊叶鱼眼草

4

D. integrifolia (L. f.) Kuntze

鱼眼草

4

D. marchandii (Lévl.) Ling

短冠东风菜

4

D. scaber (Thunb.) Ness.

东风菜

4

4

Doellingeria 东风菜属

4

Echinacea 松果菊属 E. purpurea (L.) Moench

松果菊

4 4

Echinops 蓝刺头属 E. gmelini Turcz.

砂蓝刺头

4

E. grijsii Hance

华东兰刺头

4

E. latifolius Tausch.

驴欺口

4

E. ritro L.

硬叶蓝刺头

4

E. sphaerocephalus L.

蓝刺头

4 4

Eclipta 鳢肠属 E. prostrata (L.) L.

鳢肠

4 4

Elephantopus 地胆草属 E. scaber L.

地胆草

4

E. tomentosus L.

白花地胆草

4

E. coccinea (Sims) G. Don

缨绒菊

4

E. prenanthoidea DC.

小一点红

4

一点红

4

4

Emilia 一点红属

E. sonchifolia (L.) DC.

4

Enydra 沼菊属 E. fluctuans Lour.

沼菊

E. australis Less.

球菊

4 4

Erechtites 菊芹属 E. hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.

4 4

Epaltes 球菊属

梁子菜

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. valerianaefolia (Link ex Spreng.) DC.

败酱叶菊芹

4 4

Erigeron 飞蓬属 E. annuus (L.) Pers.

一年蓬

4

E. breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.

短葶飞蓬

4 4

Ethulia 都丽菊属 E. conyzoides L. f.

都丽菊

4 4

Eupatorium 泽兰属 E. chinense L.

华泽兰

4

E. clematidea (Griseb.) R. M. King et H. Rob.

假臭草

4

E. coelestinum L.

破坏草

4

E. fortunei Turcz.

佩兰

4

E. japonicum Thunb.

白头婆

4

E. japonicum var. tripartitum Makino

三裂叶白头婆

4

E. lindleyanum DC.

林泽兰

4 4

Euryops 黄蓉菊属 E. pectinatus Cass.

梳黄菊

F. sinensis Hemsl.

花佩菊

4 4

Farfugium 大吴风草属 F. japonicum (L. f.) Kitam.

4 4

Faberia 花佩属

大吴风草

4 4

Gaillardia 天人菊属 G. aristata Pursh.

宿根天人菊

4

G. pulchella Foug.

天人菊

4

G. parviflora Cav.

牛膝菊

4

G. quadriradiata Ruiz et Pav.

粗毛牛膝菊

4

4

Galinsoga 牛膝菊属

4

Gerbera 火石花属 G. delavayi Franch.

钩苞大丁草

4

G. jamesonii Bolus

非洲菊

4

G. piloselloides (L.) Cass.

毛大丁草

4

G. affine D. Don

鼠麴草

4

G. hypoleucum DC.

秋鼠麴草

4

4

Gnaphalium 鼠麴草属

G. japonicum DC.

细叶鼠麴草

4

G. pensylvanicum Willd.

匙叶鼠麴草

4

G. polycaulon Pers.

多茎鼠麴草

Guizotia 小葵子属 G. abyssinica Cass.

小葵子

白菊木

G. maderaspatana (L.) Poir.

4 4

Grangea 田基黄属

Gynura 菊三七属

4 4

Gochnatia 绒菊木属 G. decora (Kurz) Cabner

4 4

荔枝草

4 4

209

210

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. aurantiaca (Bl.) DC.

紫鹅绒

4

G. bicolor (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC.

红凤菜

4

G. crepidioides Benth.

革命菜

4

G. cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore

木耳菜

4

G. divaricata (L.) DC.

白子菜

4

G. formosana Kitam.

白凤菜

4

G. japonica (Thunb.) Juel.

菊三七

4

G. procumbens (Lour.) Merr.

平卧菊三七

4

G. pseudochina Benth.

紫背天葵

4 4

Helenium 堆心菊属 H. autumnale L.

堆心菊

4

H. flexuosum Raf.

紫心菊

4 4

Helianthus 向日葵属 H. angustifolius L.

狭叶向日葵

4

H. annuus L.

向日葵

4

H. decapetalus L.

千瓣葵

4

H. maximilianii Schrad.

糙叶向日葵

4

H. mollis var. cordatus S. Watson

毛叶向日葵

4

H. tuberosus L.

菊芋

4 4

Helichrysum 蜡菊属 H. bracteatum (Vant.) Burge

蜡菊

H. lyrata (Bunge) Bunge

4 4

Hemistepta 泥胡菜属 泥胡菜

4 4

Heteropappus 狗娃花属 H. altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr.

阿尔泰狗娃花

4

H. hispidus (Thunb.) Less.

狗娃花

4 4

Heteroplexis 异裂菊属 H. microcephala Y. L. Chen

小花异裂菊

4

H. sericophylla Y. L. Chen

绢毛异裂菊

4

H. vernonioides Chang

异裂菊

4

河西菊

4

4

Hexinia 河西苣属 H. polydichotoma (Ostenf.) H. L. Yang

4

Hieracium 山柳菊属 H. hololeion Maxim.

全光菊

4

H. umbellatum L.

山柳菊

4 4

Hyalea 琉苞菊属 H. pulchella (Ledeb.) C. Koch.

琉苞菊

4 4

Inula 旋覆花属 I. britannica L.

欧亚旋覆花

4

I. cappa (Buch.-Ham.) DC.

羊耳菊

4

I. grandiflora Willd.

大花旋覆花

4

I. helenium L.

土木香

4

I. helianthus-aquatica C. Y. Wu ex Ling

水朝阳旋覆花

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. japonica Thunb.

旋覆花

4

I. nervosa Wall.

显脉复旋花

4

I. pterocaula Franch.

翼茎羊耳菊

4

I. racemosa Hook. f.

总状土木香

4

Ixeris 苦荬菜属

4

I. chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai

中华苦荬菜

4

I. chinensis ssp. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Kitam.

多色苦荬

4

I. gracile (DC.) Shih

细叶小苦荬

4

I. japonica (Burm. f.) Nakai

剪刀股

4

I. polycephala Cass.

苦荬菜

4

I. repens A. Gray

匍匐苦荬菜

4

I. stolonifera A. Gray.

圆叶苦荬菜

4 4

Jurinea 苓菊属 J. multiflora (L.) B. Fedtsch.

多花苓菊

4 4

Kalimeris 马兰属 K. indica (L.) Sch.-Bip.

马兰

4

K. indica f. epapposa J. Q. Fu

无冠毛马兰

4

K. indica var. polymorpha (Vaut.) Kitam.

多型马兰

4

K. indica var. stenolepis (Hand.-Mazz.) Kitam.

狭苞马兰

4

K. integrifolia Turcz. ex DC.

全叶马兰

4

K. shimadai (Kitam.) Kitam.

毡毛马兰

4 4

Karelinia 花花柴属 K. caspia (Pall.) Less.

花花柴

4

Kaschgaria 喀什菊属 K. brachanthemoides (Winkl.) Poljak.

4

密枝喀什菊

4 4

Lactuca 莴苣属 L. henryi (Dunn) N. Kilian

蒙自莴苣

4

L. sativa L.

莴苣

4

L. seriola Tomer ex L.

野莴苣

4

L. tatarica (L.) C. A. Mey.

苦莴苣

4

L. undulata Ledeb.

飘带莴苣

4 4

Laggera 六棱菊属 L. alata (D. Don) Sch.-Bip. ex Oliv.

六棱菊

4

L. pterodonta (DC.) Benth.

翼齿六棱菊

4 4

Lapsana 稻槎菜属 L. apogonoides Maxim.

稻槎菜

4

Leibnitzia 大丁草属 L. anandria (L.) Turcz.

4

大丁草

4 4

Leontopodium 火绒草属 L. alpinum Gand.

山野火绒草

4

L. andersonii C. B. Clarke

松毛火绒草

4

L. calocephalum (Franch.) Beauv.

美头火绒草

4

L. japonicum Miq.

薄雪米绒草

4

211

212

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. longifolium Ling

长叶火绒草

4 4

Leucanthemum 滨菊属 L. maximum (Ramond) DC.

大滨菊

4

L. vulgare Lam.

滨菊

4 4

Liatris 蛇鞭菊属 L. spicata Willd.

蛇鞭菊

4 4

Ligularia 橐吾属 L. dentata (A. Gray) Hara

齿叶橐吾

4

L. fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.

蹄叶橐吾

4

L. hodgsonii Hook.

鹿蹄橐吾

4

L. hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Hand.-Mazz.

细茎橐吾

4

L. intermedia Nakai

狭苞橐吾

4

L. japonica (Thunb.) Less.

大头橐吾

4

L. japonica var. scaberrima Hayata ex Ling

糙叶大头橐吾

4

L. kanaitzensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.

干崖子橐吾

4

L. latihastata (W. W. Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.

宽戟橐吾

4

L. macrophylla (Ledeb.) DC.

大叶橐吾

4

L. mongolica (Turcz.) DC.

全缘橐吾

4

L. nelumbifolia (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.

莲叶橐吾

4

L. pleurocaulis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.

侧茎橐吾

4

L. przewalskii (Maxim) Diels

掌叶橐吾

4

L. sibirica var. araneosa DC.

毛苞橐吾

4

L. sibirica (L.)Cass.

囊吾

4

L. songarica (Fisch.) Ling

准噶尔橐吾

4

L. stenocephala (Maxim.) Matsum. et Koidz.

窄头橐吾

4

L. subspicata (Bur. et Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.

穗序橐吾

4

L. veitchiana (Hemsl.) Greenm.

离舌橐吾

4

L. villosa (Hand.-Mazz.) S. W. Liu

长毛橐吾

4

L. virgaurea (Maxim.) Mattf.

黄帚橐吾

4 4

Mauranthemum 白晶菊属 M. paludosum (Poir.) Vogt et Oberpr.

白晶菊

M. pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze

小舌菊

4 4

Mikania 假泽兰属 M. micrantha Kunth

4 4

Microglossa 小舌菊属

微甘菊

4 4

Myriactis 粘冠草属 M. nepalensis Less.

圆舌粘冠草

4

M. wightii DC.

粘冠草

4

栉叶蒿

4

4

Neopallasia 栉叶蒿属 N. pectinata (Pall.) Poljak.

4

Notoseris 紫菊属 N. henryi (Dumn) Shih Nouelia 栌菊木属

多裂紫菊

4 4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

N. insignis Franch.

栌菊木

4 4

Onopordum 大翅蓟属 O. acanthium L.

大翅蓟

O. capensis L. H. Bailey

黄花新月

4 4

Ozothamnus 米花菊属 O. diosmifolius (Vent.) DC.

4 4

Othonna 厚敦菊属

澳洲米花

4 4

Paraprenanthes 假福王草属 P. sororia (Miq.) Shih

假福王草

4

P. sylvicola Shih

林生假福王草

4 4

Parasenecio 蟹甲草属 P. ambiguus (Ling) Y. L. Chen

两似蟹甲草

4

P. matsudai (Kitam.) Y. L. Chen

天目山蟹甲草

4

P. palmatisectus (J. F. Jeffrey) Y. L. Chen

掌裂蟹甲草

4

P. roborowskii (Maxim.) Y. L. Chen

蛛毛蟹甲草

4

银胶菊

4

4

Parthenium 银胶菊属 P. hysterophorus L.

4

Pentanema 苇谷草属 P. indicum (L.) Ling

苇谷草

4

P. indicum var. hypoleucum (Hand.-Mazz.) Ling

白背苇谷草

4 4

Pericallis 瓜叶菊属 P. hybrida B. Nord.

瓜叶菊

4

Pertya 帚菊属 P. phylicoides J. F. Jeffrey

4

针叶帚菊

4 4

Petasites 蜂斗菜属 P. japonicus (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim.

蜂斗菜

4

P. tricholobus Franch.

毛裂蜂斗菜

4 4

Picris 毛连菜属 P. divaricata Vant.

滇苦菜

4 4

Pluchea 阔苞菊属 P. eupatorioides Kurz

长叶阔苞菊

4

P. indica (L.) Less.

阔苞菊

4 4

Prenanthes 福王草属 P. macrophylla Franch.

多裂福王草

P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih

4 4

Pterocypsela 翅果菊属 高大翅果菊

4

P. formosana (Maxim.) C. Shih

台湾翅果菊

4

P. indica (L.) C. Shih

翅果菊

4 4

Pulicaria 蚤草属 P. prostrata (Gilib.) Ascher.

蚤草

4

Pyrethrum 匹菊属 P. cinerariifolium Trev. Rhaponticum 漏芦属

4

除虫菊

4 4

213

214

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. uniflorum (L.) DC.

漏芦

4 4

Rudbeckia 金光菊属 R. hirta L.

黑心金光菊

4

R. laciniata L.

金光菊

4

R. laciniata var. hortensi Bailey.

重瓣金光菊

Santolina 银香菊属 S. chamaecyparissus L.

银香菊

4 4

Sanvitalia 蛇目菊属 S. procumbens Lam.

4 4

蛇目菊

4 4

Saussurea 风毛菊属 S. alata DC.

翼茎风毛菊

4

S. amara Less.

草地风毛菊

4

S. bullockii Dunn

庐山风毛菊

4

S. conyzoides Hemsl.

假蓬叶风毛菊

4

S. cordifolia Hemsl.

心叶风毛菊

4

S. globosa Chen

球花雪莲

4

S. graminea Dunn

禾叶凤毛菊

4

S. hieracioides Hook. f.

长毛风毛菊

4

S. hwangshanensis Ling

黄山风毛菊

4

S. involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip.

雪莲花

4

S. japonica (Thunb.) DC.

风毛菊

4

S. leontodontoides (DC.) Sch.-Bip.

狮牙草状风毛菊

4

S. leucoma Diels.

羽裂雪兔子

4

S. licentiana Hand.-Mazz.

川陕风毛菊

4

S. likiangensis Franch.

丽江风毛菊

4

S. pectinata Korsh.

篦苞风毛菊

4

S. populifolia Hemsl

杨叶凤毛菊

4

S. salsa (Pall.) Spreng.

盐地风毛菊

4

S. semilyrata Bureau et Franch.

半琴叶风毛菊

4

S. stella Maxim.

星状雪兔子

4

S. tatsienensis Franch.

打箭风毛菊

4

S. tsinlingensis Hand.-Mazz.

秦岭风毛菊

4 4

Scorzonera 鸦葱属 S. albicaulis Bunge.

华北鸦葱

4

S. austriaca Willd.

鸦葱

4

S. pseudodivaricata Lipsch.

帚枝鸦葱

4

S. sinensis Lipsch. et Krasch. ex Lipsch.

桃叶鸦葱

4 4

Senecio 千里光属 S. ambraceus Turcz. ex DC.

琥珀千里光

4

S. argunensis Turcz.

额河千里光

4

S. articulatus (L. f.) Sch.-Bip.

仙人笔

4

S. cineraria DC.

银叶菊

4

S. citriformis G. D. Rowley

白寿乐

4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. crassissimus Humb.

紫章

4

S. fulgens Nichols.

白银杯

4

S. graciliflorus DC.

纤花千里光

4

S. herreianus Dint.

京童子

4

S. jacobsenii G. D. Rowley

悬垂千里光

4

S. kleinia (L.) Lessing

天龙

4

S. lijiangensis C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

丽江千里光

4

S. macroglossus DC.

绿玉菊

4

S. mweroensis ssp. saginatus (P. Halliday) G. D. Rowley

普西莉菊

4

S. nemorensis L.

林荫千里光

4

S. pendulus (Forssk.) Sch.-Bip.

泥鳅掌

4

S. radicans (L. f.) Sch.-Bip.

弦月

4

S. rowleyanus M. Jacobs

翡翠珠

4

S. scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

千里光

4

S. scaposus A. Nelson

筒叶菊

4

S. serpens G. D. Rowley

蓝松

4

S. stapeliiformis (E. Phillips) Stapf

铁锡杖

4

S. stauntonii DC.

闽粤千里光

4

S. vulgaris L.

欧洲千里光

4 4

Seriphidium 绢蒿属 S. junceum (Kar. et Kir.) Poljak.

三裂叶绢蒿

4

S. santolinum (Schrenk) Poljak.

沙漠绢蒿

4 4

Serratula 麻花头属 S. chinensis S. Moore

华麻花头

S. nana S. Moore

虾须草

4 4

Siegesbeckia 豨莶属 S. glabrescens (Makino) Makino

4 4

Sheareria 虾须草属

毛梗豨莶

4

S. orientalis L.

豨莶

4

S. pubescens Makino

腺梗豨莶

4

S. pubescens f. eglandulosa Ling et Hwang

腺梗豨莶无腺变型

4 4

Silphium 松香草属 S. perfoliatum L.

串叶松香草

4

Silybum 水飞蓟属 S. marianum (L.) Gaertn.

4

水飞蓟

4

Sinacalia 华蟹甲属

4

S. davidii (Franch.) Koyama

双花华蟹甲

4

S. tangutica (Maxim.) B. Nord.

华蟹甲

4 4

Sinosenecio 蒲儿根属 S. euosmus (Hand.-Mazz.) B. Nord.

耳柄蒲儿根

4

S. globigerus (Chang) B. Nord.

匍枝蒲儿根

4

S. guangxiensis C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

广西蒲儿根

4

S. oldhamianus (Maxim.) B. Nord.

蒲儿根

4

215

216

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

S. sonchifolius (Poepp. et Endl.) H. Rob.

Volume 4

Smallanthus 包果菊属 雪莲果

4 4

Solidago 一枝黄花属 S. altissima L.

高大一枝黄花

4

S. canadensis L.

加拿大一枝黄花

4

S. decurrens Lour.

一枝黄花

4

S. graminifolia (L.) Solisb.

狭叶一枝黄花

4

S. virgaurea L.

毛果一枝黄花

4 4

Soliva 裸柱菊属 S. anthemifolia (Juss.) R. Br.

裸柱菊

4

Sonchus 苦苣菜属 S. arvensis L.

4

苣荬菜

4

S. asper (L.) Hill.

续断菊

4

S. lingianus Shih

南苦苣菜

4

S. oleraceus L.

苦苣菜

4 4

Sphaeranthus 戴星草属 S. africanus L.

戴星草

4

S. indicus L.

绒毛戴星草

4

S. senegalensis DC.

非洲戴星草

4 4

Sphagneticola 蟛蜞菊属 S. trilobata (L.) Pruski

南美蟛蜞菊

4 4

Spilanthes 金钮扣属 S. acmella L.

桂圆菊

4

S. callimorpha A. H. Moore

美形金钮扣

4

S. paniculata Wall. ex DC.

金钮扣

4 4

Stevia 甜叶菊属 S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl.

甜叶菊

4

Stokesia 琉璃菊属 S. laevis (L.) Greene

琉璃菊

4 4

Synedrella 金腰箭属 S. nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.

4

金腰箭

4 4

Syneilesis 兔儿伞属 S. aconitifolia (Bge.) Maxim.

兔儿伞

4

S. australis Ling

南方兔耳伞

4 4

Synotis 合耳菊属 S. cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

密花合耳菊

4

S. changiana Y. L. Chen

肇骞合耳菊

4

S. lucorum (Franch.) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

丽江合耳菊

4

S. nagensium (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

锯叶合耳菊

4

S. sinica (Diels) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen

华合耳菊

4 4

Synurus 山牛蒡属 S. deltoides (Ait.) Nakai Tagetes 万寿菊属

山牛蒡

4 4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. erecta L.

万寿菊

4

T. patula L.

孔雀草

4

T. indicum Hand.-Mazz.

印度蒲公英

4

4

Taraxacum 蒲公英属

T. lugubre Dahlst.

川甘蒲公英

4

T. mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.

蒲公英

4

T. monochlamydeum Hand.-Mazz.

荒漠蒲公英

4

狗舌草

4

4

Tephroseris 狗舌草属 T. kirilowii (Turcz. ex DC.) Holub

4

Thespis 歧伞菊属 T. divaricata (Wall.) DC.

歧伞菊

T. diversifolia A. Gray

4 4

Tithonia 肿柄菊属 肿柄菊

4 4

Tragopogon 婆罗门参属 T. porrifolius L.

蒜叶婆罗门参

4

T. ruber S. G. Gmel.

红婆罗门参

4 4

Tridax 羽芒菊属 T. procumbens L.

羽芒菊

T. vulgare Nees

碱菀

4 4

Tussilago 款冬属 T. farfara L.

4 4

Tripolium 碱菀属

款冬

4 4

Vernonia 斑鸠菊属 V. arborea Buch.-Ham.

树斑鸠菊

4

V. aspera (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham.

糙叶斑鸠菊

4

V. attenuata DC.

狭长斑鸠菊

4

V. blanda DC.

喜斑鸠菊

4

V. chingiana Hand.-Mazz.

广西斑鸠菊

4

V. cinerea (L.) Less.

夜香牛

4

V. cumingiana Benth.

毒根斑鸠菊

4

V. divergens (DC.) Edgew.

叉枝斑鸠菊

4

V. esculenta Hemsl.

斑鸠菊

4

V. extensa DC.

展枝斑鸠菊

4

V. nantcianensis (Pamp.) Hand.-Mazz.

南漳斑鸠菊

4

V. parishii Hook. f.

滇缅斑鸠菊

4

V. patula (Dryand.) Merr.

咸虾花

4

V. saligna DC.

柳叶斑鸠菊

4

V. solanifolia Benth.

茄叶斑鸠菊

4

V. spirei Gand.

折苞斑鸠菊

4

V. volkameriifolia (Wall.) DC.

大叶斑鸠菊

4 4

Wedelia 蟛蜞菊属 W. biflora (L.) DC.

孪花蟛蜞菊

4

W. chinensis (Osb.) Merr.

蟛蜞菊

4

217

218

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Compositae 菊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

W. prostrata Hemsl.

卤地菊

4

W. urticifolia DC.

麻叶蟛蜞菊

4

W. wallichii Less.

山蟛蜞菊

4 4

Xanthium 苍耳属 X. mongolicum Kitag.

蒙古苍耳

4

X. sibiricum Patr. et Widd

苍耳

4 4

Xanthopappus 黄缨菊属 X. subacaulis C. Winkl.

黄缨菊

4 4

Youngia 黄鹌菜属 Y. cineripappa (Babc.) Babc. et Stebb.

灰毛黄鹌菜

4

Y. heterophylla (Hemsl.) Babc. et Stebb.

异叶黄鹌菜

4

Y. japonica (L.) DC.

黄鹌菜

4

Y. longiflora (Babc. et Stebb.) Shih

长花黄鹌菜

4 4

Zinnia 百日菊属 Z. angustifolia H. B. K.

小百日草

4

Z. elegans Jacq.

百日菊

4

Z. haageana Regel

细叶百日菊

4

Z. peruviana (L.) L.

多花百日菊

4

61. Connaraceae 牛栓藤科 Shrubs, small trees or vines, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves alternate, odd pinnate compound, sometimes with 1–3 leaflets, margin entire, rarely divided, no stipules. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic. Inflorescences axillary, terminal or pseudoterminal, racemes or panicles. Sepals 5, rarely 4, free or connate at base, often persistent, enclosing fruit basal, imbricate or valvate, rarely circinate arrangement. Petals 5, rarely 4, free, rarely connate at middle. Stamens 10 or 5, rarely 4 + 4, in 2 whorls, inner whorl stamens often shorter, or undeveloped. Fruit a follicle. Seeds large, 1, rarely 2. About 12–24 genera and 180–390 species occur mainly in Africa and tropical Asia, a few species also in the subtropics. One genus and nine species found in China. A total of seven species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 78% (7/9) species and the only genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Rourea minor 红叶藤

IV Table IV-61

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

219

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Connaraceae

Connaraceae 牛栓藤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 4

Cnestis 螫毛果属 C. palala (Lour.) Merr.

螫毛果

4 4

Connarus 牛栓藤属 C. paniculatus Roxb.

牛栓藤

4

C. yunnanensis Schellenb.

云南牛栓藤

4 4

Rourea 红叶藤属 R. caudata Planch.

长尾红叶藤

4

R. microphylla (Hook. et Arn.) Planch.

小叶红叶藤

4

R. minor (Gaertn.) Leenh.

红叶藤

4 4

Roureopsis 朱果藤属 R. emarginata (Jack) Merr.

朱果藤

4

62. Convolvulaceae 旋花科 Herbs, subshrubs or shrubs. Stems twining or climbing, sometimes creeping, occasionally erect. Leaves often simple, alternate, spirally arranged; leafless or degraded into small scales in parasitic species, margin entire, or various palmate or pinnate, or even completely divided, basal usually heart-like or hastate-like; estipulate, sometimes pseudostipulate; often petiolate. Flowers often showy, regular, bisexual, 5-merous solitary, axillary, or in axillary cymes, sometimes racemose, conical, umbrella or capitate, rarely scorpion-like dichasium. Bracts often very small, alternate, sometimes leaf-like, sometimes involucre; or bracts extremely enlarged under fruits at fruit stage in Neuropeltis. Calyx free or connate at base, outer sepals Ipomoea pescaprae 厚藤 often larger than inners, persistent, sometimes enlarged in fruit. Corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, campanulate, salverform or urceolate; limb nearly entire or 5-lobed; valvate to inward valvate in flowering; often with 5 conspicuous hairy or hairless mid-petal bands on corolla tube. Stamens alternating with corolla lobes at basal or middle or slightly lower part of corolla tube. Fruit often a capsule. About 58 genera and 1650 species widely occur d in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. A total of 23 genera and 150 species found in China. A total of 62 species, one subspecies, four varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 34% (51/150) species and 70% (16/23) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-62

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Convolvulaceae

continued

Convolvulaceae 旋花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. biflora (L.) Pers. Argyreia 银背藤属

Volume 4

Aniseia 心萼薯属 心萼薯

4 4

220

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Convolvulaceae 旋花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. acuta Lour.

白鹤藤

4

A. capitiformis (Poir.) Ooststr.

头花银背藤

4

A. cheliensis C. Y. Wu

车里银背藤

4

A. formosana Ishigami ex T. Yamazaki

钝叶朝颜

4

A. fulvo-cymosa C. Y. Wu

黄伞白鹤藤

4

A. henryi (Craib) Craib

长叶银背藤

4

A. henryi var. hypochrysa C. Y. Wu

金背长叶藤

4

A. mastersii (Prain) Raizada

叶苞银背藤

4

A. monglaensis C. Y. Wu et S. H. Huang

勐腊银背藤

4

A. nervosa (Burm. f.) Boj.

美丽银背藤

4

A. osyrensis var. cinerea Hand.-Mazz.

灰毛白鹤藤

4

A. pierreana Bois

东京银背藤

4

A. velutina C. Y. Wu

黄毛银背藤

4

A. wallichii Choisy

大叶银背藤

4 4

Calystegia 打碗花属 C. dahurica f. anestia (Fernald) Hara

缠枝牡丹

4

C. hederacea Wall. ex Roxb.

打碗花

4

C. sepium (L.) R. Br

旋花

4

C. soldanella (L.) R. Br.

肾叶打碗花

4 4

Convolvulus 旋花属 C. arvensis L.

田旋花

4

C. tragacanthoides Turcz.

刺旋花

4 4

Cuscuta 菟丝子属 C. australis R. Br.

南方菟丝子

4

C. campestris Yunck.

原野菟丝子

4

C. chinensis Lam.

菟丝子

4

C. japonica Choisy

金灯藤

4

C. reflexa Roxb.

大花菟丝子

4 4

Dichondra 马蹄金属 D. micrantha Urb.

马蹄金

4 4

Dinetus 飞蛾藤属 D. duclouxii (Gagnepain et Courchet) Staples

三列飞蛾藤

4

D. racemosa (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Sweet

飞蛾藤

4

D. racemosa var. tomentella C. Y. Wu

毛叶飞蛾藤

4 4

Erycibe 丁公藤属 E. elliptilimba Merr. et Chun

九来龙

4

E. hainanensis Merr.

毛叶丁公藤

4

E. obtusifolia Benth.

丁公藤

4

E. schmidtii Craib

光叶丁公藤

4

E. subspicata Wall. ex G. Don

锥序丁公藤

4 4

Evolvulus 土丁桂属 E. nuttallianus Roem. et Schult. Ipomoea 番薯属

蓝星花

4 4

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Convolvulaceae 旋花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. alba L.

月光花

4

I. aquatica Forsk.

蕹菜

4

I. batatas (L.) Lam.

红薯

4

I. biflora (L.) Pers.

毛牵牛

4

I. cairica (L.) Sweet

五爪金龙

4

I. fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy

树牵牛

4

I. holubii A. Meeuse

何鲁牵牛

4

I. horsfalliae Hook. f.

王妃藤

4

I. mauritiana Jacquin

七爪龙

4

I. pes-caprae (L.) Sweet

厚藤

4

I. pileata Roxb.

帽苞薯藤

4

I. sumatrana (Miq.) Ooststr.

海南薯

4

I. triloba L.

三裂叶薯

4

I. wangii C. Y. Wu

大萼土山瓜

4 4

Lepistemon 鳞蕊藤属 L. lobatum Pilger

裂叶鳞蕊藤

4 4

Merremia 鱼黄草属 M. hederacea (Burm. f.) Hall. f.

篱栏网

4

M. hirta (L.) Merr.

毛山猪菜

4

M. longipedunculata (C. Y. Wu) R. C. Fang

长梗山土瓜

4

M. umbellata ssp. orientalis (Hall. f.) v. Ooststr

山猪菜

4

M. vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.

掌叶鱼黄草

4 4

Myrioneuron 密脉木属 M. tonkinense Pit.

越南密脉木

N. racemosa Wall.

盾苞藤

4 4

Operculina 盒果藤属 O. turpethum (L.) S. Manso

4 4

Neuropeltis 盾苞藤属

盒果藤

4 4

Pharbitis 牵牛属 P. indica (Burm.) R. C. Fang

变色牵牛

4

P. nil (L.) Choisy

牵牛

4

P. purpurea (L.) Voigt

圆叶牵牛

4 4

Poranopsis 白花叶属 P. discifera (C. K. Schneider) Staples

搭棚藤

4 4

Quamoclit 茑萝属 Q. pennata (Desr.) Boj.

茑萝松

4

Q. sloteri House apud Bailey

葵叶茑萝

4 4

Tridynamia 三翅藤属 T. megalantha (Merr.) Staples

大花三翅藤

4

T. sinensis var. delavayi (Gagnep. et Courchet) Staples

近无毛三翅藤

4 4

Xenostegia 地旋花属 X. tridentata (L.) D. F. Austin et Staples

地旋花

4

221

222

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

63. Coriariaceae 马桑科 Shrubs or perennial subshrubby herbs; branchlets angular. Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, entire, without stipules. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, small, solitary or arranged in racemes. Sepals 5, small, imbricate. Petals 5, smaller than sepals, keeled within, fleshy, persistent, enlarged and enclosure outside fruit after anthesis. Stamens 10, free or opposite to petals, adhering to keeled part of petals. Anthers large, protruding, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscence. Carpel 5–10, free. Ovary superior, 1 ovule per carpel, pendent, anatropous. Style terminal, free, linear, stigma curved outward. Coriaria nepalensis 马桑 Fruit a berry-like achene, red to black color at maturity. One genus and ca. 15 species occur in Asia, Mediterranean region, Central and South America. A total of one genus and three species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A number of 33% (1/3) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-63

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Coriariaceae

Coriariaceae 马桑科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Coriaria 马桑属 C. nepalensis Wall.

马桑

5

64. Cornaceae 山茱萸科 Trees or shrubs, deciduous, rarely evergreen or herbaceous. Leaves, simple, opposite, rarely alternate or whorled, often pinnate veined, rarely palmately veined, margin entire or serrated, estipulate or tiny ciliate stipules. Inflorescence conical, cymose, umbrella or capitate inflorescences with bracts or involucre. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, 3–5-merous. Calyx tubular and connate with ovary, apical 3–5 dentate lobed. Petals 3–5, often white, rarely yellow, green and purple, valvate or imbricate arranged. Stamens alternate with petals equal number, on base of disc. Ovary inferior, 1–4 (–5) locules, 1 ovule per locule, pendulous and anatropous. Style short or columnar, stigma capitate or truncate, sometimes 2–3 (–5) lobed. Fruit a drupe or berrylike drupe, bony, rarely woody. Cornus controversa 灯台树 Seeds 1–4 (–5), seed coat scarious or thin leathery, embryo small, endosperm rich. One genus and ca. 55 species occur widespread in N temperate regions, extending to tropical and boreal areas, one species in tropical Africa and one or two species in South America.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

223

A total of 9 genera and 53 species found in China. A total of 42 species, seven subspecies and nine varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 66% (35/53) species and 56% (5/9) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-64

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cornaceae

continued

Cornaceae 山茱萸科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Aucuba 桃叶珊瑚属 A. albo-punctifolia var. angustula Fang et Soong

窄斑叶珊瑚

5

A. chinensis Benth.

桃叶珊瑚

5

A. chinensis ssp. omeiensis (Fang) Fang et Soong

峨眉桃叶珊瑚

5

A. chlorascens F. T. Wang

细齿桃叶珊瑚

5

A. eriobotryaefolia F. T. Wang

枇杷叶珊瑚

5

A. himalaica Hook. f. et Thomson

喜马拉雅珊瑚

5

A. himalaica var. dolichophylla Fang et Soong

长叶珊瑚

5

A. himalaica var. oblanceolata Fang et Soong

倒披针叶珊瑚

5

A. himalaica var. pilosissima Fang et Soong

密毛桃叶珊瑚

5

A. japonica Thunb.

青木

5

A. japonica var. variegata D’ombr

洒金桃叶珊瑚

5

A. obcordata (Rehd.) Fu ex W. K. Hu et Soong

倒心叶珊瑚

5 5

Cornus 山茱萸属 C. alba L.

红瑞木

5

C. alternifolia L. f.

互叶梾木

5

C. amomum Mill.

北美山茱萸

5

C. asperifolia Michx.

糙叶梾木

5

C. bretschneideri L. Henry

沙梾

5

C. canadensis L.

草茱萸

5

C. capitata Wall.

头状四照花

5

C. capitata ssp. angustata (Chun) Q. Y. Xiang

尖叶日照花

5

C. capitata var. emeiensis (Fang et Hsieh) Fang et W. K. Hu

峨眉四照花

5

C. chinensis Wanger.

川鄂山茱萸

5

C. controversa Hemsl.

灯台树

5

C. coreana Wanger.

朝鲜梾木

5

C. drummondii C. A. Mey.

粗叶梾木

5

C. florida L.

大花四照花

5

C. hemsleyi C. K. Schneid. et Wangerin

红椋子

5

C. hongkongensis Hemsl.

香港四照花

5

C. hongkongensis ssp. melanotricha (Pojark.) Q. Y. Xiang

光叶四照花

5

C. kousa ssp. chinensis (Osborn) Q. Y. Xiang

四照花

5

C. macrophylla Wall.

梾木

5

C. mas L.

欧洲山茱萸

5

C. multinervosa (Pojark.) Q. Y. Xiang

多脉四照花

5

C. obliqua Raf.

斜叶梾木

5

C. oblonga Wall.

长圆叶梾木

5

C. officinalis Siebold et Zucc.

山茱萸

5

224

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cornaceae 山茱萸科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. parviflora S. S. Chien

小花梾木

5

C. quinquenervis Franch.

小梾木

5

C. racemosa Lam.

多花梾木

5

C. rugosa Lam.

圆叶梾木

5

C. sanguinea L.

欧洲红瑞木

5

C. schindleri ssp. poliophylla (C. K. Schneid. et Wangerin) Q. Y. Xiang

黑椋子

5

C. sericea L.

贝蕾红瑞木

5

C. sericea ssp. occidentalis (Torr. et A.Gray) Fosberg

柔毛梾木

5

C. walteri Wanger.

毛梾

5

C. wilsoniana Wanger.

光皮梾木

5 5

Helwingia 青荚叶属 H. chinensis Batal.

中华青荚叶

5

H. chinensis var. crenata (Lingelsh. ex Limpr.) W. P. Fang

钝齿青荚叶

5

H. himalaica Hook. f. et Thomson ex C. B. Clarke

西域青荚叶

5

H. japonica (Thunb.) Dietr.

青荚叶

5

H. japonica var. hypoleuca Hemsl. ex Rehd.

白粉青荚叶

5

H. omeiensis (Fang) Hara et Kuros.

峨眉青荚叶

5 5

Mastixia 单室茱萸属 M. caudatilimba C. Y. Wu ex Soong

长尾单室茱萸

5

M. pentandra ssp. chinensis (Merr.) K. M. Matthew

云南单室茱萸

5

M. trichophylla Fang ex Soong

毛叶单室茱萸

5 5

Toricellia 鞘柄木属 T. angulata Oliv.

角叶鞘柄木

5

T. angulata var. intermedia (Harms ex Diels) Hu

有齿鞘柄木

5

T. tiliifolia DC.

鞘柄木

5

65. Costaceae 闭鞘姜科 Herbs perennial, often aromatic, with creeping or tuberous rhizomes. Stems often long, or short or absent, often with sheaths at basal. Leaves basal or cauline, often spirally arranged, larger, often lanceolate or elliptic, dense, parallel pinnate veined oblique from main vein, petiole or absent, leaf sheath tubular closed, ligule in sheath apex. Flowers solitary or inflorescence spikes, racemes or panicles from leafy stems or from rhizomes alone to form scapes. Lateral staminodes small and teeth-like or absent. Ovary without nectary but septal glands inserted into ovary. No fragrance from aboveground part of plants. Four genera and ca. 120 species are widespread in tropical region with diversity center in America. Five species found in China.

Tapeinochilos ananassae 菠萝姜

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

225

A total of 54 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 80% (4/5) species and none genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-65

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Costaceae

continued

Costaceae 闭鞘姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Chamaecostus 喇叭姜属 C. subsessilis (Nees et Mart.) C. Specht et D. W. Stev.

喇叭姜

5 5

Cheilocostus 闭鞘姜属 C. globosus (Bl.) C. Specht

Volume

地花闭鞘姜

5 5

Costus 闭鞘姜属 C. afer Ker Gawl.

非洲闭鞘姜

5

C. barbatus Suess.

宝塔姜

5

C. claviger Benoist

5

C. comosus (Jacq.) Roscoe

多毛闭鞘姜

5

C. curvibracteatus Maas

红花闭鞘姜

5

C. deistelii K. Schum.

戴氏闭鞘姜

5

C. dubius (Afzel.) K. Schum.

大苞闭鞘姜

5

C. englerianus K. Schum.

5

C. erythrocoryne K. Schum.

5

C. erythrophyllus Loes.

红背闭鞘姜

5

C. fissiligulatus Gagnep.

裂舌闭鞘姜(新拟)

5

C. giganteus Welw. ex Ridl.

5

C. glaucus Maas

5

C. guanaiensis Rusby

圭亚那闭鞘姜

5

C. lacerus Gagnep.

莴笋花

5

C. laevis Ruiz et Pav.

红杆闭鞘姜

5

C. lateriflorus Baker

5

C. le-testui Pellegr.

5

C. leucanthus Maas

5

C. lima var. scabrimarginata Maas

5

C. longibracteolatus Maas

5

C. lucanusianus J. Braun et K. Schum.

非洲螺旋旗

5

C. malortieanus H. Wendl.

绒叶闭鞘姜

5

C. nudicaulis Baker

5

C. oblongus S. Q. Tong

长圆闭鞘姜

5

C. osae Maas et H. Maas

奥撒闭鞘姜

5

C. phyllocephalus K. Schum.

5

C. pictus D. Don

彩纹闭鞘姜

5

C. plicatus Maas

折扇闭鞘姜

5

C. productus Gleason ex Maas

橙苞闭鞘姜

5

C. pulverulentus C. Presl

美叶闭鞘姜

5

C. scaber Ruiz et Pav.

洋闭鞘姜

5

C. speciosus (J. König) Smith

闭鞘姜

5

C. spectabilis (Fenzl) K. Schum.

奇丽闭鞘姜

5

226

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Costaceae 闭鞘姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. spicatus (Jacq.) Sw.

锥序闭鞘姜

5

C. spiralis (Jacq.) Roscoe

鳞甲姜

5

C. stenophyllus Standl. et L. O. Williams

竹节闭鞘姜

5

C. talbotii Ridl.

5

C. tappenbeckianus J. Braun et K. Schum.

非洲粉红闭鞘姜

5

C. tonkinensis Gagnep.

光叶闭鞘姜

5

C. varzearum Mass

5

C. villosissimus Jacq.

金毛闭鞘姜

C. wilsonii Maas

5 5

C. woodsonii Maas

红闭鞘姜

5

C. zingiberoides J. F. Macbr.

姜叶闭鞘姜(新拟)

5 5

Dimerocostus 双室姜属 D. argenteus (Ruiz et Pav.) Maas

5

D. strobilaceus Kuntze

双室姜

5 5

Monocostus 单花姜属 M. uniflorus (Poepp. ex Petersen) Maas

单花姜

5 5

Tapeinochilos 小唇姜属 T. ananassae (Hassk.) K. Schum.

菠萝姜

5

T. dahlii K. Schum.

5

T. densus K. Schum.

5

T. pubescens Ridl.

5

T. recurvatus K. Schum.

5

66. Crassulaceae 景天科 Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. Stems often thick and fleshy. Leaves glabrous or hairy, often simple, alternate, opposite or whorled, estipulate, margin entire or slightly notched, rarely shallow lobed or odd-pinnate compound. Inflorescence cymes, or corymbose, spike, raceme or panicle, sometimes solitary. Flowers bisexual or monoecious, actinomorphic, often 5-merous or 5 multiple in all parts, rarely 3, 4 or 6–32. Sepals free basal, rarely connate base, persistent. Petals free, a few connate. Stamens in 1 or 2 whorls, equal or twice to petals, free, or connate with petals or corolla tube. Fruit a follicle, scarious or leathery, rarely capsule. Seeds small, long oval. About 35 genera and >1500 species are widespread Crassula capitella ssp. thyrsiflora 茜之塔 in Africa, America, Asia, Europe. A total of 10 genera and 270 species found in China. A total of 148 species, five subspecies and seven varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 17% (45/270) species and 70% (7/10) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV

Table IV-66

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Crassulaceae

continued

Crassulaceae 景天科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Adromischus 天锦木属 A. cooperi (Baker) A. Berger

库珀天锦章

5

A. cristatus (Haw.) Lem.

天章

5

A. cristatus var. clavifolius (Haw.) Toelken

天锦章

5

A. maculatus (Salm-Dyck) Lem.

御所锦

5 5

Aeonium 莲花掌属 A. arboreum Webb et Berthel.

莲花掌

5

A. aureum (C. Sm. ex Hornem.) T. H. M. Mes

山地玫瑰

5

A. canariense (L.) Webb et Berthel.

香炉盘

5

A. canariense var. subplanum (Praeger) H. Y. Liu

寒月夜

5

A. decorum Webb ex Bolle

清盛

5

A. haworthii Webb et Berthel.

红缘莲花掌

5

A. mascaense Bramwell

红拂

5

A. sedifolium (Webb ex Bolle) Pit. et Proust.

小人祭

5

A. simsii (Sweet) Stearn

毛叶莲花掌

5

A. spathulatum (Hornem.) Praeger

仙童唱

5

A. tabuliforme (Haw.) Webb et Berthel.

明镜

5

A. urbicum (C. Sm. ex Hornem.) Webb et Berthel.

众赞曲

5 5

Bryophyllum 落地生根属 B. delagoense (Eckl. et Zeyh.) Druce

棒叶落地生根

5

B. mortagei (Raym.-Hamet et H. Perrier) Wickens

打不死

5

B. pinnatum (Lam.) Oken

落地生根

5 5

Cotyledon 银波木属 C. orbiculata L.

轮回

5

C. orbiculata var. oblonga (Haw.) DC.

银波锦

5

C. papillaris L. f.

精灵福娘

5

C. tomentosa Harv.

熊童子

5 5

Crassula 青锁龙属 C. arborescens (Mill.) Willd.

玉树

5

C. barbata Thunb.

月光

5

C. barklyi N. E. Br.

玉椿

5

C. brevifolia Harv.

半球星乙女

5

C. capitella Thunb.

火祭

5

C. capitella ssp. thyrsiflora (Thunb.) Toelken

茜之塔

5

C. cooperi Regel

乙姬

5

C. cotyledonis Thunb.

圆刀

5

C. deceptor Schönland et Baker f.

梦殿

5

C. exilis ssp. schmidtii (Regel) G. D. Rowley

筑波根

5

C. hemisphaerica Thunb.

巴

5

227

228

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Crassulaceae 景天科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. multicava Lam.

矶松

5

C. muscosa L.

青锁龙

5

C. ovata (Mill.) Druce

燕子掌

5

C. pellucida L.

心水晶

5

C. pellucida ssp. marginalis (Sol. ex Aiton) Toelken

红缘心水晶

5

C. perfoliata L.

尖叶神刀

5

C. perfoliata var. falcata (J. C. Wendl.) Toelken

神刀

5

C. perforata Thunb.

星乙女

5

C. pruinosa L.

普诺莎

5

C. rupestris ssp. marnieriana (Huber et Jacobsen) Toelken

舞乙女

5

C. sarmentosa Harv.

长茎景天

5

C. socialis Schönland

雪妖精

5

C. tetragona ssp. lignescens Toelken

桃源乡

5 5

Echeveria 石莲花属 E. agavoides Lem.

东云

5

E. chihuahuaensis Poelln.

吉娃莲

5

E. elegans Rose

月影

5

E. laui Moran et Meyrán

雪莲

5

E. macdougallii E. Walther

红稚莲

5

E. moranii E. Walther

摩氏玉莲

5

E. pallida E. Walther

霜之鹤

5

E. peacockii Baker

鲜红莲花掌

5

E. pilosa J. A. Purpus

绒毛掌

5

E. pulvinata Rose

锦晃星

5

E. purpusorum (Rose) A. Berger

大和锦

5

E. runyonii Rose

鲁氏石莲花

5

E. secunda Booth ex Lindl.

八宝掌

5

E. setosa Rose et Purpus

毛叶石莲花

5

E. shaviana E. Walther

祗园之舞

5

E. spectabilis Alexander

久米舞

5 5

Graptopetalum 风车莲属 G. paraguayense (N. E. Br.) E. Walth.

胧月

5 5

Hylotelephium 八宝属 H. erythrostictum (Miq.) H. Ohba

八宝

5

H. mingjinianum (S. H. Fu) H. Ohba

紫花八宝

5

H. spectabile (Bor.) H. Ohba

长药八宝

5

H. tatarinowii (Maxim.) H. Ohba

华北八宝

5

H. triphyllum (Haw.) Holub

紫八宝

5

H. verticillatum (L.) H. Ohba

轮叶八宝

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Crassulaceae 景天科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Kalanchoe 伽蓝菜属 K. beauverdii Raym.-Hamet

极乐鸟

5

K. beharensis Drake

仙女之舞

5

K. blossfeldiana Poelln.

长寿花

5

K. ceratophylla Haworth

伽蓝菜

5

K. daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet et H. Perrier

大叶落地生根

5

K. fedtschenkoi Hamet et Perrier

玉吊钟

5

K. gastonis-bonnieri Raym.-Hamet et H. Perrier

掌上珠

5

K. humilis Britten

紫武藏

5

K. integra (Medik.) Kuntze

匙叶伽蓝菜

5

K. laciniata (L.) DC

鸡爪三七

5

K. laxiflora Baker

卵形落地生根

5

K. longiflora Schltr. ex J. M. Wood

朱莲

5

K. luciae Raym.-Hamet

唐印

5

K. manginii Hamet et Perrier

红提灯

5

K. marmorata Baker

江户紫

5

K. millotii Raym.-Hamet et H. Perrier

千兔耳

5

K. pumila Baker

白银之舞

5

K. rhombopilosa Mannoni et Boiteau

扇雀

5

K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw.

圆叶伽蓝菜

5

K. scapigera Welw. ex Britten

圆贝景天

5

K. synsepala Baker

趣蝶莲

5

K. tomentosa Baker

月兔耳

5

K. zimbabwensis Rendle

圆叶地毡

5 5

Orostachys 瓦松属 O. boehmeri (Makino) Hara

子持年华

5

O. fimbriata (Turcz.) A. Berger

瓦松

5

O. japonica A. Berger

晚红瓦松

5

O. spinosa (L.) Sweet

黄花瓦松

5

O. thyrsiflora Fisch.

小苞瓦松

5 5

Pachyphytum 厚叶莲属 P. compactum Rose

千代田松

5

P. fittkaui Moran

飞燕

5

P. glutinicaule Moran

稻田姬

5

P. hookeri (Salm-Dyck) A. Berger

长叶红莲

5

P. oviferum J. A. Purpus

星美人

5 5

Phedimus 费菜属 P. aizoon (L.) ’t Hart

费菜

5

P. aizoon var. latifolius (Maximowicz) H. Ohba et al.

宽叶费菜

5

229

230

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Crassulaceae 景天科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. aizoon var. scabrus (Maximowicz) H. Ohba et al.

乳毛费菜

5

P. aizoon var. yamatutae (Kitagawa) H. Ohba et al.

狭叶费菜

5

P. hsinganicus (Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu et Y. H. Huang) H. Ohba et al.

兴安费菜

5

P. hybridus (L.) ’t Hart

杂交费菜

5

P. kamtschaticum Fisch.

堪察加景天

5

P. odontophyllus (Fröd.) ’t Hart

齿叶费菜

5

P. selskianus (Regel et Maack) ’t Hart

灰毛费菜

5

P. spurium Bieb.

假景天

5

P. takesimensis (Nakai) ’t Hart

竹岛费菜

5 5

Rhodiola 红景天属 R. alsia (Fröderström) S. H. Fu

西川红景天

5

R. fastigiata (J. D. Hooker et Thomson) S. H. Fu

长鞭红景天

5

R. prainii (Hamet) H. Ohba

四轮红景天

5

R. rosea L.

红景天

5

R. sachalinensis Borissova

库页红景天

5

R. yunnanensis (Franch.) S. H. Fu

云南红景天

5 5

Sedum 景天属 S. adolphii Hamet

黄丽

5

S. album L.

白景天

5

S. alfredii Hance

东南景天

5

S. barbeyi Hamet

离瓣景天

5

S. bulbiferum Makino

珠芽景天

5

S. burrito Moran

新玉缀

5

S. dasyphyllum L.

姬星美人

5

S. drymarioides Hance

大叶火焰草

5

S. emarginatum Migo

凹叶景天

5

S. grammophyllum Fröd.

禾叶景天

5

S. japonicum Siebold ex Miq.

日本景天

5

S. leptophyllum Fröd.

薄叶景天

5

S. lineare Thunb.

佛甲草

5

S. majus (Hemsl.) Migo

山飘风

5

S. makinoi Maxim.

圆叶景天

5

S. mexicanum Britt.

松叶景天

5

S. morganianum E. Walther

玉珠帘

5

S. multiceps Coss. et Durieu

小松绿

5

S. obtusipetalum Franch.

钝瓣景天

5

S. pachyphyllum Rose

乙女心

5

S. palmeri S. Watson

簿化妆

5

S. polytrichoides Hemsl.

藓叶景天

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Crassulaceae 景天科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. praealtum DC.

宝珠

5

S. roborowskii Maxim.

阔叶景天

5

S. rupestre L.

岩景天

5

S. sarmentosum Bunge

垂盆草

5

S. sediforme (Jacq.) Pau

松塔景天

5

S. sexangulare L.

六棱景天

5

S. stahlii Solms

珊瑚珠

5

S. tetractinum Fröd.

四芒景天

5

S. triactina A. Berger

三芒景天

5

S. versadense C. H. Thompson

薄毛万年草

5 5

Sempervivum 长生草属 S. arachnoideum L.

卷娟

5

S. tectorum L.

长生草

5 5

Sinocrassula 石莲属 S. indica (Decne.) Berger.

石莲

5 5

Tacitus 美丽莲属 T. bellus Moran et Meyrán

美丽莲

5 5

Tylecodon 奇峰木属 T. buchholzianus (Schuldt et Steph.) Tölken

佛垢里

5

T. paniculata (L. f.) Toelken

阿房宫

5

T. reticulatus (L. f.) Toelken

万物想

5

T. wallichii (Harv.) Toelken

奇峰锦

5

67. Cruciferae 十字花科 Herbs annual, biennial or perennial, rarely subshrubs, often with pungent odor. Plants often with various eglandular trichomes, including simple or bifid trichomes, stellate or glandular trichomes, sometimes glabrous. Roots sometimes swollen into thick tuberous roots. Stems erect or prostrate, sometimes shortened or absent, with high variation within family. Leaves mostly two types: basal leaves spirally overlapping or rosette; cauline leaves almost always alternate, petiolate or sessile, margin entire, serrate or lobed, basal sometimes embraced or semi-embraced stems; sometimes blade various pinnately dissected or bipinnately compound, often estipulate. Flowers regular, bisexual, rarely unisexual; mostly aggregated into a raceme, terminal or axillary, occasionally solitary; when flowering, corymbose like, after anthesis, inflorescence

Nasturtium officinale 豆瓣菜

231

232

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

axis elongates into racemes, with or without bracts. Sepals 4, free, arranged in two whorls, erect or spreading, sometimes basal cystic. Petals 4, free and arranged in a “cross” shape, white, yellow, pink, lavender, lavender red or purple, and basal sometimes with claws. Stamens often 6, with 4 long and 2 short “tetradynamous”. Fruit a 2-valved capsule, long or short siliqua. About 330 genera and 3500 species occur in all continents except Antarctica, mainly in temperate areas, with the highest diversity in Irano-Turanian, Mediterranean, and West part of North America. A total of 102 genera and ca. 412 species found in China. A total of 49 species and six varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 10% (40/412) species and 26% (27/102) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-67

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cruciferae

continued

Cruciferae 十字花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Arabis 南芥属 A. flagellosa Miq.

匍匐南芥

辣根

匙叶南庭荠

5 5

Barbarea 山芥属 B. vulgaris R. Br.

5 5

Aubrieta 南庭荠属 A. deltoidea Phitos

5 5

Armoracia 辣根属 A. rusticana (Lam.) Gaaertn.

Volume

欧洲山芥

5 5

Brassica 芸苔属 B. campestris L.

芸苔

5

B. caulorapa Pasq.

擘蓝

5

B. chinensis L.

青菜

5

B. juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss.

芥菜

5

B. juncea var. crispifolia L. H. Bailey

皱叶芥菜

5

B. juncea var. multiceps Tsen. et Lee

雪里蕻

5

B. napus L.

欧洲油菜

5

B. oleracea var. acephala f. tricolor Hort.

羽衣甘蓝

5

B. oleracea var. albiflora Kuntze

白花甘蓝

5

B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.

白菜

5 5

Camelina 亚麻荠属 C. sativa (L.) Crantz.

亚麻荠

5

Capsella 荠属 C. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.

5

荠

5 5

Cardamine 碎米荠属 C. circaeoides Hook. f. et Thomson

露珠碎米荠

5

C. engleriana O. E. Schulz

光头山碎米荠

5

C. flexuosa With.

弯曲碎米荠

5

C. griffithii Hook. f. et Thomson

山芥碎米荠

5

C. hirsuta L.

碎米荠

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cruciferae 十字花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. impatiens L.

弹裂碎米荠

5

C. leucantha (Tausch) O. E. Schulz

白花碎米荠

5

C. macrophylla Willd.

大叶碎米荠

5

C. violifolia O. E. Schulz

堇叶碎米荠

5 5

Cardaria 群心菜属 C. pubescens (C. A. Mey.) Jarm.

毛果群心菜

5

Cochlearia 岩荠属 C. fumarioides Dunn

紫堇叶岩荠

臭荠

播娘蒿

扭果花旗杆

芝麻菜

5 5

Erysimum 糖芥属 E. flavum (Georgi) Bobrov

5 5

Eruca 芝麻菜属 E. sativa Mill.

5 5

Dontostemon 花旗杆属 D. elegans Maxim.

5 5

Descurainia 播娘蒿属 D. sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl

5 5

Coronopus 臭荠属 C. didymus (L.) J. E. Smith

5

蒙古糖芥

5 5

Isatis 菘蓝属 I. costata C. A. Mey.

三肋菘蓝

5

I. indigotica Fortune

菘蓝

5

I. tinctoria L.

欧洲菘蓝

5 5

Lepidium 独行菜属 L. apetalum Willd.

独行菜

5

L. latifolium var. affine C. A. Mey.

光果宽叶独行菜

5

L. obtusum Basiner

钝叶独行菜

5

L. ruderale L.

柱毛独行菜

5

L. virginicum L.

北美独行菜

5 5

Lobularia 香雪球属 L. maritima (L.) Desv.

香雪球

M. africana (L.) R. Br.

涩荠

紫罗兰

高河菜

Orychophragmus 诸葛菜属

5 5

Nasturtium 豆瓣菜属 N. officinale R. Br.

5 5

Megacarpaea 高河菜属 M. delavayi Franch.

5 5

Matthiola 紫罗兰属 M. incana (L.) R. Br.

5 5

Malcolmia 涩荠属

豆瓣菜

5 5

233

234

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cruciferae 十字花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz.

诸葛菜

5 5

Raphanus 萝卜属 R. sativus L.

萝卜

5

R. sativus var. longipinnatus L. H. Bailey

长羽裂萝卜

5 5

Rorippa 蔊菜属 R. cantoniensis (Lour.) Ohwi

广州蔊菜

5

R. dubia (Pers.) Hara

无瓣蔊菜

5

R. globosa (Turcz.) Hayek

风花菜

5

R. indica (L.) Hiern

蔊菜

5 5

Sisymbrium 大蒜芥属 S. loeselii L.

新疆大蒜芥

5 5

Thlaspi 菥蓂属 T. arvense L.

菥蓂

5 5

Turritis 旗杆芥属 T. glabra L.

旗杆芥

5

68. Crypteroniaceae 隐翼科 Trees, up to 30 meters high. Leaves opposite, broad elliptic to lanceolate, pinnate veins, margin entire. Plant diecious or polygamous. Inflorescence racemose long, often several racemose aggregated into panicles. Flowers small and slender, apetalous. Anthers lateral, axile placentas, ovule many. Fruit a capsule, valves dehiscent. Seeds numerous. About 3–4 genera and 10 species occur mostly in the tropics; with three genera in Indo-Malesia, one unispecific genus in S Africa, and one genus in South America (Bolivia and Peru). Only one species found in China. Crypteronia paniculata 隐翼木 A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-68

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Crypteroniaceae

Crypteroniaceae 隐翼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Crypteronia 隐翼属 C. paniculata Blume

Volume

隐翼木

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

235

69. Cucurbitaceae 葫芦科 Herbs, annual or perennial, or woody vines, rarely shrubby or arborescent. Annual plant roots fibrous; perennial roots often spherical or cylindrical tuberous. Leaves alternate, often 2/5 phyllotaxy, estipules but petioles; blades undivided, or variously palmate or deeply lobed, rarely pedately divided into compound leaf, margins serrated, or rarely entire, with palmately veined. Flowers unisexual (rarely hermaphroditic), monoecious or dioecious, solitary, clustered. Inflorescence racemose, paniculate or umbellate. Calyx radial, bell-shaped or tubular, 5-lobed, lobes imbricated or open. Corolla inserted on the eaves of calyx tube, basal connate into tubular or bell-shaped, or completely free, 5-lobed, Siraitia grosvenorii 罗汉果 imbricated or involute valvate arranged in buds, margin entire or fimbriate. Stamens 5 or 3, inserted in calyx base, or near middle or limb. Filaments free or connate into columnar. Anthers free or connoted; in 5 stamens, all 1 celled, in 3 stamens, often 1 or 2 celled, rarely all 2 celled. Style 1 or 3-lobed apical, rarely completely free. Stigma enlarged, 2 lobes or fimbriate. Fruit often a fleshy berry or pericarp corky, large to small, indehiscent or dehiscent by an operculum or by valves after ripen, 1 or 3 celled. Seeds often numerous. About 123 genera and over 800 species occur mostly in tropics and subtropics, rarely in temperate regions. A total of 32 genera and 184 species found in China. A total of 76 species and 11 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 30% (56/184) species and 81% (26/32) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-69

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cucurbitaceae

continued

Cucurbitaceae 葫芦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. tenerum Griff.

Volume 5

Actinostemma 盒子草属 盒子草

5 5

Benincasa 冬瓜属 B. hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.

冬瓜

5

B. hispida var. chiehqua How

节瓜

5 5

Bolbostemma 假贝母属 B. biglandulosum var. sinuato-lobulatum C. Y. Wu

波裂叶刺儿瓜

C. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai

西瓜

5 5

Coccinia 红瓜属 C. grandis (L.) Voigt

5 5

Citrullus 西瓜属

红瓜

5 5

Cucumis 黄瓜属 C. hystrix Chakr

野黄瓜

5

C. melo L.

甜瓜

5

C. melo var. conomon (Thunb.) Makino

菜瓜

5

C. sativus L.

黄瓜

5 5

Cucurbita 南瓜属 C. maxima Duch. ex Lam

笋瓜

5

C. moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret

南瓜

5

236

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cucurbitaceae 葫芦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. pepo L.

西葫芦

5 5

Cyclanthera 小雀瓜属 C. pedata (L.) Schrad.

小雀瓜

5

Diplocyclos 毒瓜属 D. palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey

毒瓜

5 5

Gerrardanthus 睡布袋属 G. macrorhizus Harv. ex Benth. et Hook. f.

5

睡布袋

5

毛锥形果

5

G. chinense (Lour.) Merr.

金瓜

5

G. integrifolium (Roxb.) Kurz

凤瓜

5

5

Gomphogyne 锥形果属 G. cissiformis var. villosa Cogn.

5

Gymnopetalum 金瓜属

5

Gynostemma 绞股蓝属 G. burmanicum var. molle C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen

大果绞股蓝

5

G. compressum X. X. Chen et D. R. Liang

扁果绞股蓝

5

G. laxum (Wall.) Cogn.

光叶绞股蓝

5

G. microspermum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen

小籽绞股蓝

5

G. pentaphyllum (Thumb.) Makino

绞股蓝

5

G. pentaphyllum var. dasycarpum C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen

毛果绞股蓝

5

G. pubescens (Gagnep.) C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen

毛绞股蓝

5

G. simplicifolium Blume

单叶绞股蓝

5 5

Hemsleya 雪胆属 H. amabilis Diels

曲莲

5

H. cissiformis C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Wu et C. L. Chen

滇南雪胆

5

H. dipterygia Kuang et A. M. Lu

翼蛇莲

5

H. macrosperma C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Wu et C. L. Chen

罗锅底

5

H. wenshanensis A. M. Lu ex C. Y. Wu et C. L. Chen

文山雪胆

5 5

Hodgsonia 油渣果属 H. macrocarpa (Bl.) Cogn.

油渣果

5

H. macrocarpa var. capniocarpa (Ridl.) Tsai

腺点油瓜

5 5

Ibervillea 笑布袋属 I. sonorae (S. Watson) Greene

笑布袋

5 5

Lagenaria 葫芦属 L. siceraria (Molina) Standl.

葫芦

5

L. siceraria var. hispida (Thunb.) Hara

瓠子

5

L. siceraria var. microcarp (Naud.) Hara

小葫芦

5 5

Luffa 丝瓜属 L. acutangula (L.) Roxb.

广东丝瓜

5

L. cylindrica (L.) Roem.

丝瓜

5 5

Momordica 苦瓜属 M. charantia L.

苦瓜

5

M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.

木鳖子

5

M. rostrata A. Zimm.

条状苦瓜

5

M. subangulata Blume

凹萼木鳖

5 5

Mukia 帽儿瓜属 M. javanica (Miq.) C. Jeffr.

爪哇帽儿瓜

5

M. leiosperma (Wight et Arn.) Wight et Arn.

平籽帽儿瓜

5

M. maderaspatana (L.) M. J. Roem.

帽儿瓜

5

Neoalsomitra 棒锤瓜属

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cucurbitaceae 葫芦科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

N. integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutch.

棒锤瓜

5 5

Sechium 佛手瓜属 S. edule (Jacq.) Swartz

佛手瓜

5 5

Siraitia 罗汉果属 S. grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang

罗汉果

5

S. siamensis (Craib) C. Jeffrey ex S. Q. Zhong et D. Fang

翅子罗汉果

5 5

Solena 茅瓜属 S. amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi

茅瓜

5 5

Thladiantha 赤瓟属 T. cordifolia (Bl.) Cogn.

大苞赤瓟

5

T. cordifolia var. tomentosa A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang

茸毛赤瓟

5

T. dentata Cogn.

齿叶赤瓟

5

T. hookeri C. B. Clarke

异叶赤瓟

5

T. nudiflora Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl.

南赤苞

5

T. oliveri Cogn. ex Mottet

鄂赤瓟

5

T. villosula Cogn.

长毛赤瓟

5 5

Trichosanthes 栝楼属 T. anguina L.

蛇瓜

5

T. baviensis Gagnep.

短序栝楼

5

T. cucumerina L.

瓜叶栝楼

5

T. cucumeroides (Ser.) Maxim.

王瓜

5

T. kerrii Craib

长果栝楼

5

T. kirilowii Maxim.

栝楼

5

T. laceribractea Hayata

长萼栝楼

5

T. lepiniana (Naud.) Cogn.

马干铃栝楼

5

T. ovata Cogn.

卵叶栝楼

5

T. ovigera Blume

全缘栝楼

5

T. pedata Merr. et Chun

趾叶栝楼

5

T. quinquangulata A. Gray

五角栝楼

5

T. quinquefolia C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Cheng et Yueh

木基栝楼

5

T. rosthornii Harms

中华栝楼

5

T. rubriflos Thorel ex Cayla

红花栝楼

5

T. smilacifolia C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Cheng et Yueh

菝葜叶栝楼

5

T. truncata C. B. Clarke

截叶栝楼

5

T. villosa Blume

密毛栝楼

5

T. wallichiana (Ser.) Wight

薄叶栝楼

5 5

Xerosicyos 碧雷鼓属 X. danguyi Humbert

碧雷鼓

5

X. pubescens (Keraudren) G. D. Rowley

软毛沙葫芦

5 5

Zanonia 翅子瓜属 Z. indica var. pubescens Cogn.

滇南翅子瓜

5 5

Zehneria 马㼎儿属 Z. indica (Lour.) Keraudren

马㼎儿

5

Z. marginata (Bl.) Keraudren

云南马㼎儿

5

Z. maysorensis (Wight et Arn.) Arn.

钮子瓜

5

Z. mucronata (Bl.) Miq.

台湾马交儿

5

Z. wallichii (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey

锤果马交儿

5 5

Zygosicyos 沙葫芦属 Z. tripartitus Humbert

三裂沙葫芦

5

237

238

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

70. Cunoniaceae 南蔷薇科 Trees, shrubs, sometimes vines, often evergreen, some species deciduous. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipules. Flowers 4 or 5-lobed. Petals 3 or up to 10. Fruit a capsule. Seeds oily. Distributed in America. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden.

Pseudoweinmannia lachnocarpa 假万灵木 Table IV-70

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cunoniaceae

Cunoniaceae 南蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Ceratopetalum 朱萼梅属 C. succirubrum C. T. White

血汁角瓣木

戴维森李子

5 5

Pseudoweinmannia 蓬荆梅属 P. lachnocarpa (F. Muell.) Engl.

5 5

Davidsonia 红椿李属 D. pruriens F. Muell.

Volume

假万灵木

71. Cyclanthaceae 巴拿马草科 Herbs or shrubs, perennial, stemless or short-stemmed, rarely vines or epiphytes. Leaves spirally arranged or in two rows, with distinct petioles and fan-shaped, with 2-lobed or palmate lobes, palms-like plants. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, arranged densely spikes, with several bract-like spathes, similar to inflorescences of Araceae. Male and female flowers spirally arranged, each carpel surrounded by stamens or stamen-pistil alternate; male flowers with many stamens, or without perianth or perianth copular; female flowers carpel free or inserted in inflorescence axis, with 4 staminodes, no perianth or 4 free or connate tepal perianth. Styleless, Carludovica palmata 巴拿马草 stigma 1–4, ovule anatropous, many. Fruit syncarp. Distributed in South America. Only one species of the family was cultivated in two botanical gardens.

5

IV Table IV-71

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

239

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cyclanthaceae

Cyclanthaceae 巴拿马草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Carludovica 巴拿马草属 C. palmata Ruiz et Pav.

巴拿马草

5

72. Cyperaceae 莎草科 Herbs, perennials, a few annuals, mostly rhizomatous to stoloniferous. Stems (culms) prism-like or 3-sided. Leaves basal and cauline, often with closed sheaths and ligule, or sometimes with sheaths but no leaves. Inflorescences varied, spikes, racemes, panicles, capitals or long lateral cymes, comprising 1 to many inflorescence units, clustered or arranged in spikes or capitals, sometimes with 2 to most flowers, or degenerated to only one flower. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, monoecious, a few dioecious, on between axillary of spikelets of glumes, glumes imbricate spirally in two rows. No perianth or degenerated into inferior glumes or setae. Sometimes female flowers wrapped in fruit sacs Cyperus alternifolius 风车草 by firstly leaves. Stamens 3, rarely 1–2. Filaments linear. Anthers basal. Ovary 1 celled, ovule 1. Style single, stigmas 2 to 3. Fruit a nutlet, triangular, double convex, flat convex or spherical. One hundred and six genera and ca. 5400 species widespread worldwide except Antarctica. A total of 29 genera and 964 species found in China. A total of 194 species, two subspecies, six varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 14% (134/964) species and 83% (24/29) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-72

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cyperaceae

Cyperaceae 莎草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. thouarsii (Kunth) Benth.

星穗莎

5 5

Actinoscirpus 大藨草属 A. grossus (L. f.) Goetgh. et D. A. Simpson

Volume 5

Actinoschoenus 星穗莎属

大藨草

5 5

Bolboschoenus 三棱草属 B. affinis (Roth) Drobow

球穗三棱草

5

B. planiculmis (F. Schmidt) T. V. Egorova

扁秆荆三棱

5

B. yagara (Ohwi) Y. C. Yang et M. Zhan

荆三棱

5 5

Bulbostylis 球柱草属 B. barbata (Rottb.) C. B. Clarke

球柱草

5

B. densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz.

丝叶球柱草

5

Carex 薹草属

5

240

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cyperaceae 莎草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. adrienii E. G. Camus

广东薹草

5

C. albula Allan

阿布薹草

5

C. arisanensis Hayata

阿里山薹草

5

C. ascocetra C. B. Clarke

宜昌薹草

5

C. baccans Nees

浆果薹草

5

C. baohuashanica Tang et Wang ex L. K. Dai

宝华山薹草

5

C. breviculmis R. Br.

青绿薹草

5

C. brownii Tuckerm.

亚澳薹草

5

C. brunnea Thunb.

褐果薹草

5

C. buchananii Berggr.

棕红薹草

5

C. capillacea Boott

发秆薹草

5

C. chinensis Retz.

中华薹草

5

C. chungii C. P. Wang

仲氏薹草

5

C. cinerascens Kük.

灰化薹草

5

C. comans Berggr.

发状薹草

5

C. craspedotricha Nelmes

缘毛薹草

5

C. cruciata Wahlenb.

十字薹草

5

C. cryptostachys Brongn

隐穗薹草

5

C. davidii Franch.

无喙囊薹草

5

C. dimorpholepis Steud.

二形鳞薹草

5

C. diplodon Nelmes

秦岭薹草

5

C. dispalata Boott ex A. Gray

皱果薹草

5

C. doisutepensis T. Koyama

景洪薹草

5

C. duriuscula ssp. stenophylloides (V. Krecz.) S. Y. Liang et Y. C. Tang

细叶薹草

5

C. fargesii Franch.

川东薹草

5

C. filicina Nees

蕨状薹草

5

C. forficula Franch. et Sav.

溪水薹草

5

C. forrestii Kükenth.

刺喙薹草

5

C. gibba Wahlenb.

穹隆薹草

5

C. glossostigma Hand.-Mazz.

长梗薹草

5

C. harlandii Boott

长囊薹草

5

C. henryi C. B. Clarke ex Franch.

亨氏薹草

5

C. jaluensis Kom.

鸭绿薹草

5

C. japonica Thunb.

日本薹草

5

C. kaoi Tang et Wang ex S. Y. Liang

高氏薹草

5

C. kucyniakii Raymond

棕叶薹草

5

C. lanceolata Boott

大披针薹草

5

C. laticeps C. B. Clarke ex Franch.

弯喙薹草

5

C. leporina L.

卵形薹草

5

C. liouana Wang et Tang

刘氏薹草

5

C. longispiculata Y. C. Yang

长密花穗薹草

5

C. longshengensis Y. C. Tang et S. Y. Liang

龙胜薹草

5

C. maackii Maxim.

卵果薹草

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cyperaceae 莎草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. maculata Boott

斑点果薹草

5

C. manca Boott

弯柄薹草

5

C. maubertiana Boott

套鞘薹草

5

C. maximowiczii Miq.

乳突薹草

5

C. muskingumensis Schwein.

棕榈叶薹草

5

C. nemostachys Steud.

条穗薹草

5

C. neurocarpa Maxim.

翼果薹草

5

C. peliosanthifolia Wang et Tang ex P. C. Li

扇叶薹草

5

C. perakensis C. B. Clarke

霹雳薹草

5

C. phacota Spreng

镜子薹草

5

C. physodes M. B.

囊果薹草

5

C. polyschoenoides K. T. Fu

类白穗薹草

5

C. pruinosa Boott

粉被薹草

5

C. pseudo-cyperus L.

似莎薹草

5

C. rochebrunii Franch. et Sav.

书带薹草

5

C. rubro-brunnea var. taliensis (Franch.) Kükenth.

大理薹草

5

C. scabrata Schwein.

北美薹草

5

C. scaposa C. B. Clarke

花葶薹草

5

C. scaposa var. hirsuta P. C. Li

糙叶花葶薹草

5

C. sclerocarpa Franch.

硬果薹草

5

C. sendaica Franch.

仙台薹草

5

C. siderosticta Hance

宽叶薹草

5

C. teinogyna Boott

长柱头薹草

5

C. thibetica Franch.

藏薹草

5

C. tristachya Thunb.

三穗薹草

5

C. unisexualis C. B. Clarke

单性薹草

5

C. zhenkangensis Wang et Tang

镇康薹草

5 5

Courtoisia 翅鳞莎属 C. cyperoides Nees

翅鳞莎

5 5

Cyperus 莎草属 C. alternifolius L.

风车草

5

C. amuricus Maxim.

阿穆尔莎草

5

C. compressus L.

扁穗莎草

5

C. cuspidatus H. B. Kunth

长尖莎草

5

C. difformis L.

异型莎草

5

C. diffusus Vahl

多脉莎草

5

C. digitatus var. laxiflorus L. K. Dai

少穗莎草

5

C. distans L. f.

疏穗莎草

5

C. eragrostis Lam.

红鳞扁穗莎草

5

C. esculentus L.

油莎草

5

C. exaltatus Retz.

高秆莎草

5

C. fuscus L.

褐穗莎草

5

C. glomeratus L.

头状穗莎草

5

241

242

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cyperaceae 莎草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. haspan L.

畦畔莎草

5

C. helferi Boeckeler

泰国水剑

5

C. imbricatus Retz.

叠穗莎草

5

C. iria L.

碎米莎草

5

C. linearispiculatus L. K. Dai

线穗莎草

5

C. michelianus (L.) Link

旋颖莎草

5

C. microiria Steud.

具芒碎米莎草

5

C. mitis Steud.

疏鳞莎草

5

C. papyrus L.

纸莎草

5

C. pilosus Vahl

毛轴莎草

5

C. prolifer Lam.

矮纸莎草

5

C. pygmaeus Rottb.

矮莎草

5

C. rotundus L.

香附子

5 5

Diplacrum 裂颖茅属 D. caricinum R. Br.

裂颖茅

5

芦莎

5

5

Dulichium 芦莎属 D. arundinaceum (L.) Britton

5

Eriophorum 羊胡子草属 E. angustifolium Roth.

东方羊胡子草

5

E. comosum Nees

丛毛羊胡子草

5 5

Fimbristylis 飘拂草属 F. acuminata Vahl

披针飘拂草

5

F. aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl

夏飘拂草

5

F. aphylla Steud.

无叶飘拂草

5

F. dichotoma (L.) Vahl

二歧飘拂草

5

F. diphylloides Makino

拟二叶飘拂草

5

F. dipsacea (Rottb.) Benth.

起绒飘拂草

5

F. eragrostis (Nees) Hance

知风飘拂草

5

F. fusca (Nees) Benth.

暗褐飘拂草

5

F. gracilenta Hance

纤穗飘拂草

5

F. hainanensis Tang et Wang

海南飘拂草

5

F. henryi C. B. Clarke

宜昌飘拂草

5

F. leptoclada Benth.

纤茎飘拂草

5

F. miliacea (L.) Vahl

水虱草

5

F. nutans (Retz.) Vahl

垂穗飘拂草

5

F. psammocola Tang et F. T. Wang

砂生飘拂草

5

F. quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth

五棱飘拂草

5

F. schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl

少穗飘拂草

5

F. squarrosa Vahl

畦畔飘拂草

5

F. subbispicata Nees et Meyen

双穗飘拂草

5

F. tetragona R. Br.

四棱飘拂草

5

F. thomsonii Boeckeler

西南飘拂草

5

Fuirena 芙兰草属

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Cyperaceae 莎草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

F. ciliaris (L.) Roxb.

毛芙兰草

5

F. umbellata Rottb.

芙兰草

5

G. baniensis Benl

散穗黑莎草

5

G. tristis Nees

黑莎草

5

5

Gahnia 黑莎草属

5

Heleocharis 荸荠属 H. atropurpurea Presl

紫果蔺

5

H. auutangula Schult.

锐棱荸荠

5

H. chaetaria Roem. et Schult.

贝壳叶荸荠

5

H. congesta D. Don

密花荸荠

5

H. dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Henschel

荸荠

5

H. intersita f. acetosa Tang et Wang

内蒙古荸荠

5

H. ochrostachys Steud.

假马蹄

5

H. pauciflora (Lightf.) Link

少花荸荠

5

H. pellucida Presl

透明鳞荸荠

5

H. pellucida var. japonica (Miq.) Tang et Wang

稻田荸荠

5

H. plantagineiformis Tang et Wang

野荸荠

5

H. spiralis (Rottb.) R. Br.

螺旋蔺荸荠

5

H. tetraquetra Nees

龙师草

5

H. trilateralis Tang et Wang

三面秆荸荠

5

H. valleculosa f. setosa (Ohwi) Kitagawa

具刚毛荸荠

5

H. yokoscensis (Franch. et Sav.) Tang et Wang

牛毛毡

5

H. yunnanensis Svens

云南荸荠

H. latifolium Rich. ex Pers.

5 5

Hypolytrum 割鸡芒属 割鸡芒

5 5

Isolepis 细莞属 I. cernua (Vahl) Roem. et Schult.

垂枝细莞

5

I. setacea (L.) R. Br.

细莞

5 5

Juncellus 水莎草属 J. serotinus (Rottb.) C. B. Clarke

水莎草

5 5

Kyllinga 水蜈蚣属 K. brevifolia Rottb.

短叶水蜈蚣

5

K. nemoralis (J. R. et G. Forst.) Dandy ex Hatch. et Dalziel

单穗水蜈蚣

5

K. triceps Rottb.

三头水蜈蚣

5 5

Lepidosperma 鳞籽莎属 L. chinense Nees

鳞籽莎

L. mucronata L. C. Rich.

光果石龙刍

5 5

Lipocarpha 湖瓜草属 L. chinensis (Osbeck) Tang et Wang

5 5

Lepironia 石龙刍属

华湖瓜草

5 5

Mapania 擂鼓艻属 M. sinensis H. Uittien

华擂鼓艻

5

M. wallichii C. B. Clarke

单穗擂鼓艻

5

243

244

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Cyperaceae 莎草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Mariscus 砖子苗属 M. compactus (Retz.) Druce

密穗砖子苗

5

M. cyperinus Vahl

莎草砖子苗

5 5

Pycreus 扁莎属 P. diaphanus (Schrad. ex Roem. et Schult.) S. S. Hooper et T. Koyama

宽穗扁莎

5

P. flavidus (Retz.) T. Koyama

球穗扁莎

5

P. polystachyus (Rottb.) P. Beauv.

多枝扁莎

5

P. pumilus (L.) Domin

矮扁莎

5

P. sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees

红鳞扁莎

5

R. alba (L.) Vahl

白鳞刺子莞

5

R. chinensis Nees et Mey.

华刺子莞

5

R. colorata (L.) H. Pfeiff.

白鹭莞

5

R. rubra (Lour.) Makino

刺子莞

5

R. rugosa (Lour.) Makino

皱果刺子莞

5

R. rugosa ssp. brownii (Roem. et Schult.) T. Koyama

白喙刺子莞

5

5

Rhynchospora 刺子莞属

5

Schoenus 赤箭莎属 S. calostachyus (R. Br.) Poir.

长穗赤箭莎

Scirpus 藨草属 S. asiaticus Beetle

5 5

茸球藨草

5

S. chuanus Tang et Wang

曲氏藨草

5

S. filipes C. B. Clarke

细辐射枝藨草

5

S. fohaiensis Tang et Wang

佛海藨草

5

S. grossus L. f.

硕大藨草

5

S. juncoides Roxb.

萤蔺

5

S. komarovii Roshev.

吉林藨草

5

S. mattfeldianus Kükenth.

三棱秆藨草

5

S. mucronatus L.

北水毛花

5

S. planiculmis Fr. Schmidt

扁秆藨草

5

S. pumilus Vahl

矮藨草

5

S. rosthornii Diels

百球藨草

5

S. subcapitatus Thwaites

类头状花序藨草

5

S. subulatus Vahl

羽状刚毛藨草

5

S. supinus L.

仰卧秆藨草

5

S. ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq.

百穗镳草

5

S. triangulatus Roxb.

水毛花

5

S. triangulatus var. sanguineus Tang et Wang

红鳞水毛花

5

S. triangulatus var. trialatus Tang et Wang

三翅水毛花

5

S. triqueter L.

藨草

5

S. validus Vahl

水葱

5

S. wallichii Nees

猪毛草

5 5

Scleria 珍珠茅属 S. chinensis Kunth

华珍珠茅

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

245

continued Cyperaceae 莎草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. elata Thwaites

高秆珍珠茅

5

S. harlandii Hance

圆秆珍珠茅

5

S. herbecarpa Nees

毛果珍珠茅

5

S. parvula Steud.

小型珍珠茅

5 5

Torulinium 断节莎属 T. ferax (L. C. Rich.) Urb.

断节莎

5

73. Daphniphyllaceae 虎皮楠科 Trees or shrubs, glabrous; branchlets with leaf scars and lenticels. Leaves simple, alternate, often clustered at apex of branchlets, margin entire, leaf surface glossy, back side glaucous or not, with small papillae or not, long petioles, estipules. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, solitary, basal bracted, unisexual, sometimes sterile. Calyx 3–6-lobed or 3–6 sepals, persistent or fugacious, apetalous. Male flower: stamens 5–12 (–18), 1 whorled, actinomorphic. Filaments, short, anthers large, dorsal or lateral flat, laterally longitudinal dehiscence, connective more less exserted, ovary degenerated or absent. Female flowers: sterile stamens 5–10 surrounding ovary or absent, ovary oval or elliptic, 2-locular, 2 ovules per Daphniphyllum macropodum 交让木 locule, ovules anatropous and pendent, micropyle outward, style 1–2, very short or absent, stigma 2, branching, flat, curved or rolled, mostly persistent. Fruit a drupe ovate or oval with 1 seed, glaucous or glabrous, tuberculate or indistinctly tuberculate-rugose on surface, exocarp fleshy, endocarp stony. One genus and 25–30 species occur from India and Sri Lanka to Australia, mostly centered in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. One genus and 10 species found in China. A total of ten species of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 80% (8/10) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-73

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Daphniphyllaceae

Daphniphyllaceae 虎皮楠科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Daphniphyllum 虎皮楠属 D. angustifolium Hutch.

狭叶虎皮楠

5

D. calycinum Benth.

牛耳枫

5

D. chartaceum Rosenth.

纸叶虎皮楠

5

D. longeracemosum Rosenth.

长序虎皮楠

5

D. longistylum S. S. Chien

广西虎皮楠

5

D. macropodum Miq.

交让木

5

246

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Daphniphyllaceae 虎皮楠科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. oldhamii (Hemsl.) Rosenth.

虎皮楠

5

D. paxianum Rosenth.

显脉虎皮楠

5

D. subverticillatum Merr.

假轮叶交让木

5

D. yunnanense C. C. Huang

大叶虎皮楠

5

74. Datiscaceae 野麻科 Tree, subshrubs or herbs, deciduous or perennial, large tree often with plate roots. Leave simple, alternate, palmate veined. Flowers unisexual or dioecious, blooming before leaves. Inflorescence spikes (pistillate) or panicles (staminate), terminal, clustered, pendulous, florets solitary or 2–4 (pistillate), 4–5 or more (staminate) clustered; apetalous. Staminate flowers: calyx tube very short, lobes 4, sometimes unequal, stamens 4, opposite to lobes, inserted on cup-shaped receptacles, Filaments longer than lobes, extended and straight after anthesis, anthers inward, sterile ovary discoid, nearly a “cross” shaped, sometimes absent. Pistillate flowers: calyx tube distinct and long, slightly tetra-prismatic, upper Tetrameles nudiflora 四数木 cup-shaped; lobes 4, tri-prismatic, stamens absence. Style 4, opposite to sepal lobes, ovary 1 celled, parietal placentas 4. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent at apex of calyx tube. Seeds numerous, ovate. One genus one and two species occur in Southwest United States, Northwest Mexico, Southwest Asia (Mediterranean to E Himalayas). Only one species found in China A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. Only one species of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-74

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Datiscaceae

Datiscaceae 四数木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Tetrameles 四数木属 T. nudiflora R. Br.

四数木

5

75. Davidiaceae 珙桐科 Trees, deciduous. Leaves alternate, ovate, basal cordate, apex acute, margin serrated, lower or both sides with filamentous fine or long thinly pubescence when young, lateral veins 5–7, conspicuous on back side, petiole long. Inflorescence capitate, globular, terminal, pedicel long; involucre large, milky white, petaloid bracts 2–3. Flowers polygamous, blooming during early summer leaves. Staminate flower: perianth absent, often around spherical capitals, stamens 1–7, on receptacle, filaments conical, hairless, anthers introverted, oval. Pistillate or Hermaphrodite flower often 1 on apex of capitate inflorescent, sometimes degenerated, pistillate perianth very

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

247

small, subulate, circumferential, size various, ovary inferior, connate with oval receptacle, 6–10 locules, 1 ovule per locule, stigma conical, apical branching and same numbers with ovary locules. Stamens of hermaphrodite shorter, others same as those of Pistillate flowers. Fruit a drupe, rectangular-round oval, oboval or oval, purple green or light brown, smooth, with yellow spots, exocarp thin, mesocarp thicker, endocarp bony, with longitudinal grooves, 3–5 celled, 1 seed per cell. Only one genus and one species with two varieties Davidia involucrate 珙桐 in China. A total of one species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-75

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Davidiaceae

Davidiaceae 珙桐科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Davidia 珙桐属 D. involucrata Baill.

珙桐

5

D. involucrata var. vilmoriniana (Dode) Wanger.

光叶珙桐

5

76. Diapensiaceae 岩梅科 Shrub or perennial herb, evergreen. Leaves, often compact or crowed or basal rosettes arranged loosely. Scapes, flowers solitary or umbrella-shaped racemes or capitals, bisexual, regular. Sepals, petals and stamens all 5, bracts 2. Sepals free, rarely connate, persistent. Corolla deeply lobed, funnel-campanulate or salverform. Stamens epipetalous on throat of corolla, alternate with lobes, or degraded stamens annular adnate (opposite to corolla lobes). Filaments thick. Anthers 1–2 celled, connectives upper adnate or marginal dehiscing. Ovary Berneuxia thibetica 岩匙 superior, 3 carpels connate, 3 locular. Ovules often many, axile placenta. Style 1, terminal, persistent. Fruit a capsule, leathery. Seeds small, coat scarious or leathery. Six genera and ca. 15 species occur in Asia, Europe, North America. Four genera and six species (three endemic) found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A number of 33% (2/6) species and 50% (2/4) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-76

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Diapensiaceae

Diapensiaceae 岩梅科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Berneuxia 岩匙属 B. thibetica Decne.

Volume

岩匙

5

248

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Diapensiaceae

岩梅科

5

Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Diapensia 岩梅属 D. purpurea Diels

红花岩梅

5

77. Dichapetalaceae 毒鼠子科 Small trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules small, fugacious. Inflorescences corymbose cymes, sometimes densely capitate, axillary. Pedicels sometimes adnate to petioles. Flowers small, bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic. Sepals 5, free or partially connate, imbricate. Petals 5, free and equal or connate but unequal, apical 2 lobed or entire. Stamens 5, alternate with petals, free or connate. Anthers 2-loculed, dehiscence longitudinal, dorsal connectives often thickened. Discs lobed into 5 glands, or discs circular with shallow undulate margins, glands opposite to petals, free. Ovary superior or inferior, 2–3 locules, ovules 2 Dichapetalum longipetalum 海南毒鼠子 each, anatropous. Styles many, more less connate or free. Fruit a drupe, dry or rarely fleshy, exocarp thin, sometimes bursting. Seed endosperm absent, cotyledon fleshy. Four genera and ca. 130 species occur mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. One genus and two species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. All one genus and two species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-77

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dichapetalaceae

Dichapetalaceae 毒鼠子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Dichapetalum 毒鼠子属 D. gelonioides (Roxb.) Engl.

毒鼠子

5

D. longipetalum (Turcz.) Engl.

海南毒鼠子

5

78. Didiereaceae 龙树科 Shrubs or trees, 2–20 m high. Stems spiny, flesh, storage of water. Leaves alternate, margin entire, pinnate venation or hardly visible, estipulate, fugacious in dry season. Inflorescence simple, sympodial. Flowers unisexual, actinomorphic, receptacle small. Disc present. Sepal absent or 2, free, imbricate or contorted. Petal 4–6, free, imbricate. Stamens 8–10. Anthers dorsifixed or ventrifixed, introrse, opening by longitudinal slits.

Alluaudia procera 亚龙木

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

249

Filaments free, style 1, more or less connate. Carpel 3, ovary 3-locular, ovule 1, axile, attached to the central axis, or ventrally in apocarpae, attached to the base of the ovary. Fruit a nut. Seed 1, arillus or arill-like organs present, cotyledons folded or crumpled, endosperm of the absent. Mostly in Africa. A total of six species the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. Table IV-78

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Didiereaceae

Didiereaceae 龙树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Alluaudia 亚龙木属 A. ascendens Drake

直立亚龙木

5

A. humbertii Choux

木竹桃

5

A. montagnacii Rauh

魔针地狱

5

A. procera (Drake) Drake

亚龙木

5 5

Didierea 刺戟木属 D. madagascariensis Baill.

马达加斯加龙

5

D. trollii Capuron et Rauh

阿修罗城

5

79. Dilleniaceae 五桠果科 Trees, shrubs, or woody vines, a few herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, petiolate, entire or serrated, occasionally pinnate, estipules, or sometimes winged petioles. Flowers bisexual, a few unisexual, actinomorphic, occasionally zygomorphic, white or yellow, solitary or arranged in racemes, panicles or dichasium. Sepals many, or 3–5, imbricate, persistent, thick leathery or fleshy, and sometimes enlarged after anthesis. Petals 2–5, imbricate, crumpled in bud. Stamens mostly arranged in many whorls, centrifugally developed, free or basal connate, occasionally degenerated to 10 or less, often staminodes. Anthers inward, outward or lateral, dehiscing longitudinal or apical pore opening. Carpels 1 to many, free or Dillenia indica 五桠果 upper surface more or less connate with raised receptacles, ovules 1 to many, anatropous on upper suture or basal, with two layers of integument. Styles free, often forked. Fruits a berry or follicle. Seed 1 to many, often various arils. Ten genera and ca. 500 species widespread in pantropics and extending into warm-temperate Australia. Two genera and five species found in China. A total of ten species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 60% (3/5) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-79

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dilleniaceae

Dilleniaceae 五桠果科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Dillenia 五桠果属 D. alata (R. Br. ex DC.) Banks ex Martelli

Volume

翼柄五桠果

5

250

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Dilleniaceae 五桠果科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. indica L.

五桠果

5

D. ovata Wall. ex Hook. f. et Thomson

卵形五桠果

5

D. parviflora Griff.

五柱五桠果

5

D. pentagyna Roxb.

小花五桠果

5

D. philippinensis Rolfe

菲律宾五桠果

5

D. suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli

黄花五桠果

5

D. turbinata Finet et Gagnep.

大花五桠果

5 5

Hibbertia 束蕊花属 H. scandens (Willd.) Dryand.

束蕊花

5 5

Tetracera 锡叶藤属 T. asiatica (Lour.) Hoogland

锡叶藤

5

80. Dioscoreaceae 薯蓣科 Twining herbs or woody vines, sometimes dwarf herbs. Roots various rhizomatous or tuberous. Stems twining, hairy or glabrous, spinous or naked. Leaves alternate, sometimes opposite in stem mid and up part, simple or palmately compounded, simple leaves often heart-shaped or ova; leaflets of compound leaves often lanceolate or ovoid, basal veins 3–9, lateral veins reticulate; petioles twisted, sometimes with basal nodes. Flowers unisexual or bisexual, dioecious, rarely monoecious, solitary, or clustered or arranged in spikes, racemes or panicles. Staminate flower: perianth segments (or perianth lobes) in 6, 2 whorls, basal connate or free; stamens 6, sometimes 3 degenerated; filaments on basal or receptacle of perianth; ovary degenerated or absent. Pistillate flower: perianth similar Dioscorea opposite 薯蓣 to staminate; staminodes 3–6 or absent; ovary inferior, 3-loculed, 2 ovules each locule, sometimes many, ovules axile placenta; style 3, free. Fruit a capsule, berry or samara, capsule tri-prismatic, winged, apical dehiscence after ripening. Seeds winged or wingless. About nine genera and 650 species occur widely in tropical and temperate regions, especially in tropical America. Only one genus and ca. 61 species found in China. A total of 51 species, one subspecies and six varieties of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 80% (49/61) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-80

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dioscoreaceae

Dioscoreaceae 薯蓣科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Dioscorea 薯蓣属 D. alata L.

参薯

5

D. althaeoides R. Knuth

蜀葵叶薯蓣

5

D. arachidna Prain et Burkill

三叶薯蓣

5

D. aspersa Prain et Burkill

丽叶薯蓣

5

D. banzhuana C. P’ei et C. T. Ting

板砖薯蓣

5

D. benthamii Prain et Burkill

大青薯

5

D. bicolor Prain et Burkill

尖头果薯蓣

5

D. biformifolia C. P’ei et C. T. Ting

异叶薯蓣

5

D. bulbifera L.

黄独

5

D. chingii Prain et Burkill

山葛薯

5

D. cirrhosa Lour.

薯莨

5

D. cirrhosa var. cylindrica C. T. Ting et M. C. Chang

异块茎薯莨

5

D. collettii Hook. f.

叉蕊薯蓣

5

D. collettii var. hypoglauca (Palibin) Pei et C. T. Ting

粉背薯蓣

5

D. cumingii Prain et Burkill

吕宋薯蓣

5

D. decipiens Hook. f.

多毛叶薯蓣

5

D. deltoidea Wall. ex Griseb.

三角叶薯蓣

5

D. elephantipes (L’Hér.) Engl.

龟甲龙

5

D. esculenta (Lour.) Burkill

甘薯

5

D. esquirolii Prain et Burkill

七叶薯蓣

5

D. exalata C. T. Ting et M. C. Chang

无翅参薯

5

D. fordii Prain et Burkill

山薯

5

D. futschauensis Uline ex R. Knuth

福州薯蓣

5

D. garrettii Prain et Burkill

宽果薯蓣

5

D. glabra Roxb.

光叶薯蓣

5

D. gracillima Miq.

纤细薯蓣

5

D. hemsleyi Prain et Burkill

粘山药

5

D. henryi (Prain et Burkill) C. T. Ting

高山毛薯

5

D. hispida Dennst.

白薯莨

5

D. japonica Thunb.

日本薯蓣

5

D. japonica var. pilifera C. T. Ting et M. C. Chang

毛藤日本薯蓣

5

D. kamoonensis Kunth

毛芋头薯蓣

5

D. martini Prain et Burkill

柔毛薯蓣

5

D. melanophyma Prain et Burkill

黑珠芽薯蓣

5

D. menglaensis H. Li

石山薯蓣

5

D. mexicana Scheidw.

墨西哥龟甲龙

5

D. nipponica Makino

穿龙薯蓣

5

D. nipponica ssp. rosthornii (Prain et Burkill) C. T. Ting

柴黄姜

5

D. nitens Prain et Burkill

光亮薯蓣

5

D. opposita Thunb.

薯蓣

5

D. panthaica Prain et Burkill

黄山药

5

D. pentaphylla L.

五叶薯蓣

5

D. persimilis Prain et Burkill

褐苞薯蓣

5

251

252

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Dioscoreaceae 薯蓣科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. persimilis var. pubescens C. T. Ting et M. C. Chang

毛褐苞薯蓣

5

D. quinquelobata Thunb.

昆氏薯蓣

5

D. sansibarensis Pax

非洲薯蓣

5

D. scortechinii var. parviflora Prain et Burkill

小花刺薯蓣

5

D. simulans Prain et Burkill

马肠薯蓣

5

D. sinoparviflora C. T. Ting, M. G. Gilbert et Turland

小花盾叶薯蓣

5

D. spongiosa J. Q. Xi, M. Mizuno et W. L. Zhao

绵萆薢

5

D. subcalva Prain et Burkill

毛胶薯蓣

5

D. subcalva var. submollis R. Knuth

略毛薯蓣

5

D. tentaculigera Prain et Burkill

垂穗薯蓣

5

D. tokoro Makino

山萆薢

5

D. velutipes Prain et Burkill

毡毛薯蓣

5

D. villosa L.

大西洋薯蓣

5

D. yunnanensis Prain et Burkill

云南薯蓣

5

D. zingiberensis C. H. Wright

盾叶薯蓣

5

81. Dipentodontaceae 十齿花科 Trees, up to 11 m high. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulated. Flowers small, white. Petals 5–7, perianth and disc adnate into copular. Fruit a capsule, leathery, with gray-brown pubescence. Seed 1, black. Two genera and ca. 16 species are wide spread over tropical Asia, America, Australia, and Pacific islands, extending into warm temperate E Asia. Two species found in China. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. A number of 50% (1/2) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-81

Dipentodon sinicus 十齿花

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dipentodontaceae

Dipentodontaceae 十齿花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Dipentodon 十齿花属 D. sinicus Dunn

Volume

十齿花

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

253

82. Dipsacaceae 川续断科 Herbs annual, biennial or perennial, sometimes subshrubs and rarely shrubs. Stems smooth, pubescent or spiny, a few with glandular hairs. Leaves often opposite, sometimes whorled, basal connate; estipules. Leaf blade entire or serrated, shallow lobed to deeply lobed, rarely pinnately compounded. Inflorescences compact capitate with involucre or spike-like verticillaster, sometimes a loose cyme panicle on elongated or globular receptacles. Receptacle with scaly bracteoles or hairs. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, regular or marginal flowers heteromorphic to central flowers, often surrounded by two bracteoles (epicalyx involucrate). Epicalyx Dipsacus fullonum 起绒草 tubular-calyx like, with grooves or ridges, sometimes sacs, enclosing outside flowers, limb with membranous crown, bristles or teeth, rarely with two layers of bracteoles. Calyx regular, copular or irregular tubular, upper part oblique, margin spiny or completely lobed into 5–20 needle-like or feathery bristles, radiate. Corolla funnelform, 4–5-lobed, slightly unequal or bilabiate, upper labiate 2-lobed shorter than the lower labiate 3-lobed and imbricate arranged in buds. Stamens 4, sometimes degenerated into 2, on corolla tubes. Anthers 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscing. Fruit an achene enclosed in involucrate, apical often crowned with persistent calyx. Seeds pendulous, coat membranous. Ten genera and ca. 250 species occur in Africa, Asia and Europe. About five genera and ca. 18 species found in China. A total of eight species of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 28% (5/18) species and 80% (4/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-82

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dipsacaceae

Dipsacaceae 川续断科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Dipsacus 川续断属 D. asperoides C. Y. Cheng et T. M. Ai

川续断

5

D. fullonum L.

起绒草

5

D. inermis Wall.

劲直续断

5

D. japonicus Miq.

日本续断

5

D. tianmuensis C. Y. Cheng et Z. T. Yin

天目续断

5 5

Morina 刺续断属 M. longifolia Wall.

长叶刺参

5

Pterocephalus 翼首花属 P. bretschneideri (Batal.) Pritz.

裂叶翼首花

5 5

Triplostegia 双参属 T. glandulifera Wall. ex DC.

5

双参

5

254

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

83. Dipterocarpaceae 龙脑香科 Trees evergreen or semi-evergreen (deciduous in dry season), with aromatic resins in xylem. Branchlets often with annular stipular scars. Leaves simple, alternate, entire or undulate crenate, lateral veins pinnate. Stipules, large or small, persistent or caducous. Inflorescences often fragrant, terminal or axillary racemes and panicles. Bracts often small or absent, rarely large and persistent. Calyx, petals, ovaries and other parts often covered by stellate, or scaly, bunchy or villous pubescence. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic; calyx 5-lobed, imbricate or valvate arranged, free or basal connate. Petals 5, contorted or valvate arranged, Vatica mangachapoi 青梅 free or basal connate. Stamens (10–) 15 to many, free, adnate or connate with petals. Filaments often enlarged at base. Anthers 2-celled, connective appendages aristate or stout, rarely without appendages. Ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, slightly inserted in receptacle, often 3-loculed, 2 ovules per locule, ovules pendulous, lateral or anatropous. Fruit a capsule or nutlike, often enclosed by accrescent calyx tubes, indehiscent or 3-valved, with enlarged (rarely not) winged calyx lobes. Seed 1, rarely 2. About 17 genera and ca. 550 species occur in tropical Africa, Asia, and South America (in Asia, most species and genera in NW Borneo). Five genera and 13 species found in China. A total of 28 species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 69% (9/13) species and all five genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-83

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dipterocarpaceae

Dipterocarpaceae 龙脑香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Balanocarpus 棒果香属 B. heimii King

Volume

棒果香

5 5

Dipterocarpus 龙脑香属 D. alatus Roxb. ex G. Don

具翼龙脑香

5

D. gracilis Blume

纤细龙脑香

5

D. intricatus Dyer

缠结龙脑香

5

D. obtusifolius Teijsm. ex Miq.

钝叶龙脑香

5

D. retusus Blume

东京龙脑香

5

D. rigidus Ridl.

坚翅龙脑香

5

D. tuberculatus Roxb.

小瘤龙脑香

5

D. turbinatus Gaertn. f.

羯布罗香

5

D. zeylanicus Thwaites

锡兰龙脑香

5 5

Hopea 坡垒属 H. chinensis Hand.-Mazz.

狭叶坡垒

5

H. exalata W. T. Lin

铁凌

5

H. hainanensis Merr. et Chun

坡垒

5

H. hongayensis Tard.-Blot.

河内坡垒

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

255

continued Dipterocarpaceae 龙脑香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. mollissima C. Y. Wu

多毛坡垒

5

H. odorata Roxb.

香坡垒

5 5

Parashorea 柳安属 P. chinensis Wang Hsie

望天树

5 5

Shorea 娑罗双属 S. assamica Dyer

云南娑罗双

5

S. obtusa Wall.

钝叶娑罗双

5

S. robusta C. F. Gaertn.

娑罗双

5

S. roxburghii G. Don

罗伯氏娑罗双

5

S. siamensis Miq.

泰国娑罗双

5 5

Vatica 青梅属 V. diospyroides Symington

柿叶青梅

V. guangxiensis X. L. Mo

5

广西青梅

5

V. mangachapoi Blanco

青梅

5

V. odorata (Griff.) Symington

香花青梅

5

V. rassak Blume

拉丝克青梅

5

V. xishuangbannaensis G. D. Tao et J. H. Zhang

版纳青梅

5

84. Droseraceae 茅膏菜科 Herbs perennial or annual, terrestrial or aquatic, insectivorous. Stems underground with adventitious roots, with or without tubers or rhizomes. Leaves often degenerated, much reduced size, alternate, often rosulate-shaped, dense, rarely whorled, blade often with mucous glandular hairs or sensitive hairs that trigger closing of blade to trap insects; young leaves often curled. Stipules present or absent, dry scarious. Flowers often terminal or axillary cymes, rarely solitary axillary, bisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx often 5-lobed near basal or basal, rarely 4 or 6–7-lobed, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, free, veined, persistent. Stamens often 5, alternate with Drosera capillaris 绒毛茅膏菜 petals, rarely 4- or 5-merous in 2–4 whorls. Filaments free, rarely basal connate. Anthers 2-loculed, outward, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, sometimes semi-inferior, 1-locule, carpels 2–5, parietal or basal placenta. Ovules many. Style 2–5, various branching, rarely simple. Fruit a capsule, dorsal dehiscence. Seeds numerous, rarely a few. Four genera and >100 species widely occur in temperate and tropical regions over the world. Two genera and seven species found in China. A total of seven species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number 57% (4/7) species and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

256

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-84

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Droseraceae

Droseraceae 茅膏菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Drosera 茅膏菜属 D. adelae F. Muell.

阿帝露茅膏菜

5

D. burmanni Vahl

锦地罗

5

D. capillaris Poir.

绒毛茅膏菜

5

D. indica L.

长叶茅膏菜

5

D. muscipula J. Ellis

捕蝇草

5

D. peltata Thunb.

茅膏菜

5

D. peltata var. glabrata Y. Z. Ruan

光萼茅膏菜

5

D. spathulata Labill.

匙叶茅膏菜

5

D. spathulata var. loureirii (Hook. et Arn.) Y. Z. Ruan

宽苞茅膏菜

5

85. Ebenaceae 柿科 Trees or erect shrubs, a few with spiny branchlets. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, often in two rows, blade entire, pinnate veined, estipules. Flowers mostly solitary, often dioecious, or polygamous. Staminate flowers often axillary, in cymes, clustered or solitary. Calyx 3–7-merous, or deep-lobed, persistent, often enlarged in fruiting, valvate or imbricate arranged in bud. Corolla 3–7-lobed, fugacious, lobes convolute, rarely imbricate or valvate arranged. Stamens free or adnate at base of corolla tube, often 2–4 times to corolla lobes, rarely same numbers and alternate with corolla lobes. Filaments free or paired. Anthers basal, 2-loculed, inward, longitudinally dehiscent. Female flowers often Diospyros kintungensi 景东君迁子 with or without staminodes; male flowers with or without degenerated pistils. Fruit a berry, fleshy. Three genera and ca. 500 species mostly in the tropics. One genus and ca. 63 species in China. A total of 44 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 52% (33/63) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-85

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ebenaceae

Ebenaceae 柿科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Diospyros 柿属 D. argentea Griff.

法国柿

5

D. armata Hemsl.

瓶兰花

5

D. bejaudii Lecomte

伯约柿

5

D. cathayensis Steward

乌柿

5

D. cathayensis var. foochowensis (Metc. et Chen) S. Lee

福州柿

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Ebenaceae 柿科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. chunii Metc. et L. Chen

崖柿

5

D. diversilimba Merr. et Chun

光叶柿

5

D. dumetorum W. W. Smith

岩柿

5

D. ebenum J. Knig ex Retz.

乌木

5

D. eriantha Champ. ex Benth.

乌材

5

D. ferrea (Willd.) Bakh.

象牙树

5

D. glaucifolia Metc.

粉叶柿

5

D. glaucifolia var. brevipes S. Lee

短柄粉叶柿

5

D. hainanensis Merr.

海南柿

5

D. hasseltii Zoll.

黑毛柿

5

D. howii Merr. et Chun

琼南柿

5

D. kaki Thunb.

柿

5

D. kaki var. silvestris Makino

野柿

5

D. kerrii Craib

傣柿

5

D. kintungensis C. Y. Wu

景东君迁子

5

D. kotoensis T. Yamaz.

兰屿柿

5

D. lotus L.

君迁子

5

D. malabarica (Desr.) Kostel.

高棉黑柿

5

D. maritima Blume

海边柿

5

D. miaoshanica S. Lee

苗山柿

5

D. morrisiana Hance

罗浮柿

5

D. mun H. Lec.

文柿

5

D. nigrocortex C. Y. Wu

黑皮柿

5

D. nitida Merr.

黑柿

5

D. oleifera Cheng

油柿

5

D. philippensis (Desr.) Guerke

异色柿

5

D. philippinensis A. DC.

菲岛柿

5

D. rhombifolia Hemsl.

老鸦柿

5

D. rubra Lec.

青茶柿

5

D. saxatilis S. K. Lee

石山柿

5

D. siderophylla H. L. Li

山榄叶柿

5

D. strigosa Hemsl.

毛柿

5

D. sunyiensis Chun et L. Chen

信宜柿

5

D. toposioides King et Gamble

苏柿

5

D. tsangii Merr.

延平柿

5

D. tutcheri Dunn

岭南柿

5

D. vaccinioides Lindl.

小果柿

5

D. virginiana L.

美洲柿

5

D. xiangguiensis S. Lee

湘桂柿

5

D. xishuangbannaensis C. Y. Wu et H. Chu

版纳柿

5

D. yunnanensis Rehd. et Wils.

云南柿

5 5

Euclea 海柿属 E. natalensis A. DC.

那塔柿

5

257

258

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

86. Elaeagnaceae 胡颓子科 Shrubs evergreen or deciduous, vertical or climbing liana, rarely trees, spiny or spineless, covered with silver-white or brownish to rusty peltate scales or stellate pubescence. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, entire, pinnately veined, petiolate, estipules. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, rarely polygamous, solitary or umbrella-shaped racemes, axillary, often uniform, white or yellowish-brown, aromatic, insect pollinated. Calyx often connate into tube, apical 4-lobed, rarely 2-lobed, often contracted above ovary, valvate arranged in flowering bud, apetalous. Stamens at throat or upper part of calyx tube, alternate with lobes, or at tube basal, numbers equal to or multiple to lobes. Ovary Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis 中国沙棘 superior, enclosed in calyx tube, carpel 1, locule 1, ovule 1. Style 1, erect or curved. Stigma capitate or one side swollen. Disc often inconspicuous, rarely developed a cone shape. Fruit an achene or nut, enclosed by thickened calyx tube, drupe-like, red or yellow, sour, sweet or tasteless. Seed coat bony or scarious. Three genera and >90 species occur in N temperate and tropical regions. Two genera and 90 found in China. A total of 28 species, two subspecies and four varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 31% (28/90) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-86

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnaceae 胡颓子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Elaeagnus 胡颓子属 E. angustata var. songmingensis W. K. Hu et H. F. Chow

嵩明木半夏

5

E. angustifolia L.

沙枣

5

E. bambusetorum Hand.-Mazz.

竹生羊奶子

5

E. bockii Diels

长叶胡颓子

5

E. conferta Roxb.

密花胡颓子

5

E. conferta var. menghaiensis W. K. Hu et H. F. Chow

勐海胡颓子

5

E. courtoisi Belval

毛木半夏

5

E. difficilis Serv.

巴东胡颓子

5

E. glabra Thunb.

蔓胡颓子

5

E. gonyanthes Benth.

角花胡颓子

5

E. henryi Warb.

宜昌胡颓子

5

E. hunanensis C. J. Qi et Q. Z. Lim

湖南胡颓子

5

E. lanceolata Warb.

披针叶胡颓子

5

E. lanceolata ssp. grandifolia Serv.

大披针叶胡颓子

5

E. liuzhouensis C. Y. Chang

柳州胡颓子

5

E. loureiroi Champ.

鸡柏紫藤

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

259

continued Elaeagnaceae 胡颓子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. luxiensis C. Y. Chang

潞西胡颓子

5

E. macrantha Rehd.

大花胡颓子

5

E. macrophylla Thunb.

大叶胡颓子

5

E. magna Rehd.

银果牛奶子

5

E. multiflora Thunb.

木半夏

5

E. multiflora var. obovoidea C. Y. Chang

倒果木半夏

5

E. oldhami Maxim.

福建胡颓子

5

E. oxycarpa Schlechtend.

尖果沙枣

5

E. pungens Thunb.

胡颓子

5

E. sarmentosa Rehd.

攀援胡颓子

5

E. stellipila Rehd.

星毛羊奶子

5

E. tutcheri Dunn

香港胡颓子

5

E. umbellata Thunb.

牛奶子

5

E. viridis Serv.

绿叶胡颓子

5

E. viridis var. delavayi Lecomte

白绿叶(丽江绿胡颓子)

5

E. wushanensis C. Y. Chang

巫山牛奶子

5 5

Hippophae 沙棘属 H. rhamnoides L.

沙棘

5

H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis Rousi

中国沙棘

5

87. Elaeocarpaceae 杜英科 Trees, evergreen or semi-deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, petiolate, stipules present or absent. Flowers solitary or in racemose or panicles, bisexual or polygamous. Bracts present or absent. Sepals 4–5, free or connate, often valvate. Petals 4–5, valvate or imbricate, sometimes absent, apical lobed or entire. Stamens numerous, free, born on disc. Anthers 2-loculed, apical aperture open or dehiscent by apical or longitudinal slits, apex often with connectives protuberance into beak or awn shaped, sometimes with clustered hairs. Disc annular or divided into glandular. Ovary superior, 2 or many locules ovules 2 or many per Elaeocarpus varunua 美脉杜英 locule. Style free or connate. Fruit a drupe or capsule, sometimes pericarp spiny. Seeds oval. About 12 genera and ca. 550 species occur primarily in tropical to subtropical regions of both hemispheres. Two genera and ca. 62 species found in China. A total of 34 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 44% (27/62) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

260

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-87

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeocarpaceae 杜英科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Elaeocarpus 杜英属 E. apiculatus Masters

尖叶杜英

5

E. auricomus C. Y. Wu ex H. T. Chang

金毛杜英

5

E. austro-yunnanensis Hu

滇南杜英

5

E. balansae A. DC.

大叶杜英

5

E. borealiyunnanensis H. T. Chang

滇北杜英

5

E. braceanus Watt ex C. B. Clarke

滇藏杜英

5

E. chinensis (Gardner et Champ.) Hook. f. ex Benth.

中华杜英

5

E. decipiens Hemsl.

杜英

5

E. dubius A. DC.

显脉杜英

5

E. duclouxii Gagnep.

褐毛杜英

5

E. fleuryi A. Chev. ex Gagnep.

大果杜英

5

E. glabripetalus Merr.

秃瓣杜英

5

E. glabripetalus var. alatus (Kunth) H. T. Chang

棱枝杜英

5

E. grandiflorus Smith

大花杜英

5

E. hainanensis Oliver

水石榕

5

E. hainanensis var. brachyphyllus Merr.

短叶水石榕

5

E. japonicus Siebold et Zucc.

日本杜英

5

E. japonicus var. lantsangensis (Hu) H. T. Chang

澜沦杜英

5

E. lanceifolius Roxb.

披针叶杜英

5

E. laoticus Gagnep.

老挝杜英

5

E. macrocarpus Miq.

5

E. nitentifolius Merr. et Chun

绢毛杜英

5

E. petiolatus (Jack) Wall. ex Kurz

长柄杜英

5

E. poilanei Gagnep.

滇越杜英

5

E. prunifolioides Hu

樱叶杜英

5

E. prunifolius Wall. ex Müll. Berol.

桃叶杜英

5

E. rugosus Roxb.

毛果杜英

5

E. serratus L.

锡兰杜英

5

E. sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.

圆果杜英

5

E. sphaerocarpus H. T. Chang

阔叶杜英

5

E. varunua Buch.-Ham.

美脉杜英

5 5

Muntingia 文定果属 M. calabura L.

文定果

5 5

Sloanea 猴欢喜属 S. dasycarpa (Benth.) Hemsl.

膜叶猴欢喜

5

S. hemsleyana (Ito) Rehd. et Wils.

仿栗

5

S. leptocarpa Diels

薄果猴欢喜

5

S. sinensis (Hance) Hemsl.

猴欢喜

5

S. tomentosa (Benth.) Rehd. et Wils.

毛猴欢喜

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

261

88. Elatinaceae 沟繁缕科 Herbs or subshrubs, semi-aquatic or terrestrial. Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, entire or serrated; stipules in pairs. Flowers small, bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary, or in axillary cymes. Sepals 2–5, imbricate, free or slightly connate, thinly membranous or with nearly transparent margin. Petals 2–5, free, membranous, imbricate in bud. Stamens equal to sepals or twice as many, free. Anthers dorsal, 2-celled. Ovary superior, 2–5 locules, ovule many, born on axile placenta. Style 2–5, free, short. Stigma capitate. Fruit a capsule, membranous, leathery or brittle-crustaceous, interstitial dehiscence. Seeds numerous, small, straight or curved. Two genera and ca. 50 species occur in temperate Bergia ammannioides 田繁缕 and tropical regions. Two genera and six species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 33% (2/6) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-88

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Elatinaceae

Elatinaceae 沟繁缕科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Bergia 田繁缕属 B. ammannioides Roxb. ex Roth

田繁缕

5 5

Elatine 沟繁缕属 E. triandra Schkuhr

三蕊沟繁缕

5

89. Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 Woody plants, shrubs or trees, small to large size, terrestrial or epiphytic, often evergreen, rarely semi-evergreen or deciduous, with scaled winter buds (excluding Ericoideae mainly in Africa). Leaves leathery, rarely papery, alternate, rarely pseudo-verticillate; margin entire or serrated, undivided, covered by various hairs or scales, or not; estipules. Flowers solitary or in racemose, conical or umbrella-shaped raceme inflorescences, terminal or axillary, bisexual, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, bracts present. Calyx 4–5-lobed, persistent, sometimes fleshy after anthesis. Petals connate into campanulate, copular or funnelform, or salverform, rarely free. Corolla often 5-lobed, rarely 4-, 6-, 8-lobed, imbricate. Stamens twice as many as corolla lobes, rarely

Rhododendron denudatum 皱叶杜鹃

262

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

equal. Filaments free and rarely connate. Except for Rhododendron, anthers often with dorsal or apical awn-like or terete appendages, or apical elongated tubes, apical dehiscent, rarely longitudinal dehiscent. Fruit a capsule or berry, few berrylike capsule. Seeds small, granular or sawdust-like, narrowly winged or wingless, or with elongated caudate appendages at both ends. About 125 genera and 4000 species widely occur in temperate and subarctic regions over the world, including high elevations of tropical regions. A total of 15 genera and ca. 434 species found in China. A total of 188 species, five subspecies and 14 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 41% (179/434) species and 60% (9/15) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-89

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ericaceae

Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Agapetes 树萝卜属 A. brandisiana W. E. Evans

环萼树萝卜

5

A. burmanica W. E. Evans

缅甸树萝卜

5

A. camelliifolia S. H. Huang

茶叶树萝卜

5

A. lacei Craib

灯笼花

5

A. lobbii C. B. Clarke

深裂树萝卜

5

A. mannii Hemsl.

白花树萝卜

5

A. pubiflora Airy Shaw

毛花树萝卜

5

A. rubrobracteata R. C. Fang et S. H. Huang

红苞树萝卜

5

Cassiope 岩须属

5

C. lycopodioides D. Don

5 5

Craibiodendron 金叶子属 C. scleranthum var. kwangtungense (S. Y. Hu) Judd

广东金叶子

5

C. stellatum (Pierre) W. W. Smith

金叶子

5

C. yunnanense W. W. Smith

云南金叶子

5 5

Enkianthus 吊钟花属 E. chinensis Franch.

灯笼树

5

E. deflexus (Griff.) Schneid.

毛叶吊钟花

5

E. quinqueflorus Lour

吊钟花

5

E. serrulatus (Wils.) Schneid.

齿缘吊钟花

5 5

Gaultheria 白珠树属 G. leucocarpa var. pingbianensis C. Y. Wu ex T. Z. Hsu

屏边白珠

5

G. leucoearpa var. crenulata (Kurz) T. Z. Hsu

滇白珠

5

G. nummularioides D. Don

铜钱叶白珠

5

G. superlacustris Tam

鼎湖白珠树

5 5

Lyonia 珍珠花属 L. ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude

珍珠花

5

L. ovalifolia var. elliptica (Siebold et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.

小果珍珠花

5

L. ovalifolia var. lanceolata (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz.

狭叶珍珠花

5

L. villosa (Wall. ex C. B. Clarke) Hand.-Mazz.

毛叶珍珠花

5 5

Pieris 马醉木属 P. formosa (Wall.) D. Don

美丽马醉木

5

P. japonica (Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don

马醉木

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Rhododendron 杜鹃属 R. aberconwayi Cowan

蝶花杜鹃

5

R. agastum Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

迷人杜鹃

5

R. annae Franch.

桃叶杜鹃

5

R. annae ssp. laxiflorum (Balf. f. et Forrest) L. T. Ming

滇西桃叶杜鹃

5

R. anthosphaerum Diels

团花杜鹃

5 5

R. araiophyllum Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

窄叶杜鹃

R. argyrophyllum Franch.

银叶杜鹃

5

R. atrovirens Franch.

大关杜鹃

5

R. augustinii Hemsl.

毛肋杜鹃

5

R. auriculatum Hemsl.

耳叶杜鹃

5 5

R. bachii Lévl.

腺萼马银花

R. brevinerve Chun et Fang

短脉杜鹃

5

R. calophytum Franch.

美容杜鹃

5

R. canadense (L.) Britton, Sterns et Poggenb.

加拿大杜鹃

5

R. capitatum Maxim.

头花杜鹃

5

R. cavaleriei Levl.

多花杜鹃

5

R. championae Hook.

刺毛杜鹃

5

R. chihsinianum Chun et Fang

红滩杜鹃

5

R. chrysocalyx Lévl. et Vant.

金萼杜鹃

5

R. chunienii Chun et Fang

椿年杜鹃

5

R. chunii Fang

龙山杜鹃

5

R. ciliatum Hook. f.

睫毛杜鹃

5

R. ciliicalyx Franch.

睫萼杜鹃

5

R. ciliicalyx ssp. lyi (Levl.) R. C. Fang.

长柱睫萼杜鹃

5

R. complexum Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

锈红杜鹃

5

R. concinnum Hemsl.

秀雅杜鹃

5

R. coriaceum Franch.

革叶杜鹃

5

R. cuneatum W. W. Smith

楔叶杜鹃

5

R. cyanocarpum (Franch.) W. W. Smith

蓝果杜鹃

5

R. dauricum L.

兴安杜鹃

5

R. davidii Franch.

腺果杜鹃

5

R. decorum Franch.

大白杜鹃

5

R. decorum ssp. diaprepes (Balf. f. et W. W. Smith) T. L. Ming

高尚大白杜鹃

5

R. delavayi Franch.

马缨杜鹃

5

R. delavayi var. peramoenum (Balf. f. et Forrest) T. L. Ming

狭叶马缨花

5

R. denudatum Lévl.

皱叶杜鹃

5

R. discolor Franch.

喇叭杜鹃

5

R. edgeworthii Hook. f.

泡泡叶杜鹃

5

R. excellens Hemsl. et Wils.

大喇叭杜鹃

5

R. facetum Balf. f. et. K. Ward

绵毛房杜鹃

5

R. farrerae Tate ex Sweet

丁香杜鹃

5

R. fastigiatum Franch.

密枝杜鹃

5

R. fortunei Lindl.

云锦杜鹃

5

R. fuscipilum M. Y. He

棕毛杜鹃

5

263

264

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. fuyuanense Z. H. Yang

富源杜鹃

5 5

R. glischrum Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

粘毛杜鹃

R. griersonianum Balf. f. et Forrest

朱红大杜鹃

5

R. guihainianum G. Z. Li

桂海杜鹃

5

R. guizhouense Fang f.

贵州杜鹃

5

R. hainanense Merr.

海南杜鹃

5

R. hancockii Hemsl.

滇南杜鹃

5

R. haofui Chun et Fang

光枝杜鹃

5

R. henryi Hance

弯蒴杜鹃

5

R. henryi var. dunnii (Wils.) M. Y. He

秃房杜鹃

5

R. hippophaeoides Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

灰背杜鹃

5

R. huanense Chun ex Tam

湖南杜鹃

5

R. huianum Fang

凉山杜鹃

5

R. hypoblematosum Tam

背绒杜鹃

5

R. hypoglaucum Hemsl.

粉白杜鹃

5

R. indicum (L.) Sweet

皋月杜鹃

5

R. insigne Hemsl. et Wils.

不凡杜鹃

5

R. irroratum Franch.

露珠杜鹃

5

R. irroratum ssp. pogonostylum (Balf. f. et W. W. Smith) Chamb. ex Cullen et Chamb.

红花露珠杜鹃

5

R. japonicum (Gray) Suring

日本杜鹃

5

R. jinggangshanicum Tam

井岗山杜鹃

5 5

R. kiangsiense Fang

江西杜鹃

R. kwangfuense Chun et Fang

广福杜鹃

5

R. kwangsiense Hu ex Tam

广西杜鹃

5

R. kwangtungense Merr. et Chun

广东杜鹃

5

R. latoucheae Franch.

鹿角杜鹃

5

R. leptothrium Balf. f. et Forrest

薄叶马银花

5

R. levinei Merr.

南岭杜鹃

5

R. liliiflorum Levl.

百合花杜鹃

5

R. linearilobum R. C. Fang et A. L. Chang

线萼杜鹃

5

R. lukiangense Franch.

蜡叶杜鹃

5

R. lutescens Franch.

黄花杜鹃

5

R. luteum Sweet

黄香杜鹃

5

R. maculiferum ssp. anhweiense (Wils.) Chamb. ex Cullen et Chamb.

黄山杜鹃

5

R. maddenii Hook. f.

隐脉杜鹃

5

R. maoerense Fang et G. Z. Li

猫儿山杜鹃

5

R. mariae Hance

岭南杜鹃

5

R. mariesii Hemsl. et Wils.

满山红

5

R. maximum L.

极大杜鹃

5

R. maxiongense C. Q. Zhang et D. Paterson

马雄杜鹃

5

R. mengtszense Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

蒙自杜鹃

5

R. micranthum Turcz.

照山白

5

R. microphyton Franch.

亮毛杜鹃

5

R. mitriforme Tam

头巾马银花

5

R. molle (Bl.) G. Don

羊踯躅

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. montigenum T. L. Ming

山地杜鹃

5

R. moulmainense Hook. f.

毛棉杜鹃花

5

R. mucronatum (Bl.) G. Don

白花杜鹃

5

R. mucronulatum Turcz.

迎红杜鹃

5

R. naamkwanense Merr.

南昆杜鹃

5

R. naamkwanense var. cryptonerve Tam

紫薇春

5

R. nanjianense K. M. Feng et Z. H. Yang

南涧杜鹃

5

R. nivale Hook. f.

雪层杜鹃

5

R. obtusum (Lindl.) Planch.

钝叶杜鹃

5

R. oldhamii Maxim.

砖红杜鹃

5

R. oreodoxa Franch.

山光杜鹃

5 5

R. oreotrephes W. W. Smith

山育杜鹃

R. ovatum (Lindl.) Planch. ex Maxim.

马银花

5

R. pachypodum Balf. f. et. W. W. Smith

云上杜鹃

5

R. phaeochrysum var. levistratum (Balf. f. et Forrest) Chamb. ex Cullen et Chamb.

毡毛栎叶杜鹃

5

R. polyraphidoideum Tam

千针叶杜鹃

5

R. praevernum Hutch.

早春杜鹃

5

R. primuliflorum Bur. et Franch.

樱草杜鹃

5

R. protistum var. giganteum (Tagg) Chamb. ex Cullen et Chamb.

大树杜鹃

5

R. pubescens Balf. f. et Forrest

柔毛杜鹃

5

R. pubicostatum T. L. Ming

毛脉杜鹃

5

R. pulchroides Chun et Fang

美艳杜鹃

5

R. pulchrum Sweet

锦绣杜鹃

5

R. quinquefolium Bisset et Moore

五叶杜鹃

5

R. racemosum Franch.

腋花杜鹃

5

R. rhombifolium R. C. Fang

菱形叶杜鹃

5

R. rigidum Franch.

基毛杜鹃

5

R. rivulare Hand.-Mazz.

溪畔杜鹃

5

R. roseatum Hutch.

红晕杜鹃

5

R. roxieanum Forrest

卷叶杜鹃

5

R. rubiginosum Franch.

红棕杜鹃

5

R. rufohirtum Hand.-Mazz.

滇红毛杜鹃

5

R. scabrifolium Franch.

糙叶杜鹃

5

R. schlippenbachii Maxim.

大字杜鹃

5

R. seniavinii Maxim.

毛果杜鹃

5

R. sidereum Balf. f.

银灰杜鹃

5

R. siderophyllum Franch.

锈叶杜鹃

5

R. sikangense Fang

川西杜鹃

5

R. simiarum Hance

猴头杜鹃

5

R. simiarum var. versicolor (Chun et Fang) Fang

变色杜鹃

5

R. simsii Planch.

杜鹃

5

R. sinogrande Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

凸尖杜鹃

5

R. spanotrichum Balf. f. et W. W. Smith

红花杜鹃

5

R. spiciferum Franch.

碎米花

5

R. spinuliferum Franch.

爆仗花

5

265

266

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. stamineum Franch.

长蕊杜鹃

5

R. stenaulum Balf. f. et. W. W. Smith

长蒴杜鹃

5

R. strigillosum Franch.

芒刺杜鹃

5

R. strigillosum var. monosematum (Hutch.) T. L. Ming

紫斑杜鹃

5

R. subcerinum Tam

蜡黄杜鹃

5

R. sutchuenense Franch.

四川杜鹃

5

R. taronense Hutch.

薄皮杜鹃

5

R. tatsienense Franch.

硬叶杜鹃

5

R. telmateium Balf. f. et. W. W. Smith

草原杜鹃

5

R. tianlinense Tam

田林马银花

5

R. tingwuense Tam

鼎湖杜鹃

5

R. trichostomum Franch.

毛嘴杜鹃

5

R. uvarifolium Diels

紫玉盘杜鹃

5

R. vernicosum Franch.

亮叶杜鹃

5

R. vialii Delavay et Franch.

红马银花

5

R. virgatum Hook. f.

柳叶杜鹃

5

R. westlandii Hemsl.

凯里杜鹃

5

R. williamsianum Rehd. et Wils.

圆叶杜鹃

5

R. wumingense Fang

武鸣杜鹃

5

R. xanthostephanum Merr.

鲜黄杜鹃

5

R. yunnanense Franch.

云南杜鹃

5

V. arboreum L.

臼莓

5

V. ashei Reade

兔眼越桔

5

V. bracteatum Thunb.

南烛

5

V. bullatum (Dop) Sleumer

泡泡叶越桔

5

5

Vaccinium 越桔属

V. carlesii Dunn

短尾越桔

5

V. corymbosum L.

蓝莓

5

V. delavayi Franch.

苍山越桔

5

V. duclouxii (Lévl.) Hand.-Mazz.

云南越桔

5

V. dunalianum Wight

樟叶越桔

5

V. dunalianum var. megaphyllum Sleumer

大樟叶越桔

5

V. exaristatum Kurz

隐距越桔

5

V. fragile Franch.

乌鸦果

5

V. harmandianum Dop

长冠越桔

5

V. henryi Hemsl.

无梗越桔

5

V. iteophyllum Hance

黄背越桔

5

V. japonicum var. sinicum (Nakai) Rehd.

扁枝越桔

5

V. longicaudatum Chun ex Fang et Z. H. Pan

长尾乌饭

5

V. mandarinorum Diels

江南越桔

5

V. moupinense Franch.

宝兴越桔

5

V. nummularia Hook. f. et Thomson ex C. B. Clarke

抱石越桔

5

V. pseudobullatum Fang et Z. H. Pan

拟泡叶乌饭

5

V. randaiense Hayata

峦大越桔

5

V. sinicum Sleumer

广西越桔

5

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

267

continued Ericaceae 杜鹃花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

V. subfalcatum Merr. ex Sleumer

镰叶越桔

5

V. tenellum Ait.

康氏越桔

5

V. trichocladum Merr. et Metc.

刺毛越桔

5

90. Eriocaulaceae 谷精草科 Herbs annual or perennial, marshy or aquatic, often only 30 cm tall or shorter, occasionally stolons or rhizomes. Roots dense, cords-liked. Leaves spirally arranged, often as a dense cluster, sometimes spreading, basal sheathed; blade narrow, thin, often translucent, with square “fenestrate”. Inflorescences capitate, centripetal, often small, white of gray; scapes erect and slender, angular, rarely branched, twisted, often higher than leaves, enclosed by sheathed bracts at base. Involucre often short, in 1-many rows, imbricate; 1 bract per flower, narrower than involucre; peripheral flowers often bractless. Eriocaulon sexangulare 华南谷精草 Flowers small, many, unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, on glabrous or densely hairy receptacles, 3- or 2-merous, perianth 2 whorls, with calyx and corolla, rarely degenerated but only calyx. Male flowers: calyx often connate into spathe, distal dehiscence, sometimes sepals free; corolla often connate into campanulate or funnelform, apical 3- or 2-lobed, sometimes petals free; stamens 1–2 whorled, 2–3 each whorl. Fruit a capsule, small, pericarp thin, dorsal dehiscence. Seeds often elliptic, brown-red or yellow, testa with hexagonal reticulate patterns. Ten genera and ca. 1150 species occur mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. One genus and 39 species found in China. A total of ten species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 23% (9/39) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-90

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Eriocaulaceae

Eriocaulaceae 谷精草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

5

Eriocaulon 谷精草属 E. australe R. Br.

Volume

毛谷精草

5

E. buergerianum Koern.

谷精草

5

E. cinereum R. Br.

白药谷精草

5

E. decemflorum Maxim.

长苞谷精草

5

E. faberi Ruhl.

江南谷精草

5

E. nantoense Hayata

南托谷精草

5

E. robustius (Maxim.) Makino.

宽叶谷精草

5

268

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Eriocaulaceae 谷精草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. senile Honda

老谷精草

5

E. sexangulare L.

华南谷精草

5

E. truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart

菲律宾谷精草

5

91. Erythroxylaceae 古柯科 Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, margin entire or occasionally serrated. Stipules on up side of petiole, rarely on outside, often caducous. Flowers clustered or in cymes, bisexual, rarely unisexual, dioecious, actinomorphic. Sepals 5, basal connate, nearly imbricate or convolute arranged, persistent. Petals 5, free, shed or persistent, with inner lingual scale adnate to basal, rarely not. Stamens 5, 10 or 20, in 2 or 1 whorl. Filaments basal connate into annular or shallow copular. Anthers elliptic, 2-loculed, longitudinal dehiscence. Pistil 3–5 carpels, ovary 3–5-loculed, often 2 locules undeveloped or developed; 1–2 ovules each locule Erythroxylum sinense 东方古柯 developed, pendulous. Style 1–3 or 5, free or connate. Stigma oblique, capitate or rod-like, rarely acuminate. Fruit a drupe or capsule. Ten genera and ca. 300 species occur widely in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in South America. Two genera and three species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 33% (1/3) species and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-91

Erythroxylaceae 古柯科

Erythroxylaceae 古柯科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Erythroxylum 古柯属 E. coca Lam.

药古柯

5

E. novogranatense (D. Morris) Hieron.

古柯

5

E. sinensis C. Y. Wu

东方古柯

5

92. Eucommiaceae 杜仲科 Trees deciduous, lactiferous. Leaves alternate, simple, pinnately veined, margin serrated, petiolate, estipules. Flowers dioecious, without perianth, leafing first open, or scales emergence same time as new leaves. Male flowers: clustered, with short pedicels and bracteoles; stamens 5–10, linear; filaments very short; anthers

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

269

4-loculed, longitudinally slits. Female flowers: solitary at lower part of shoots, with bracts, short pedicels; ovary 1-locule, connate carpels, with ovary stalk and flat, apical 2-lobed; stigma decurrent between lobes, apical inverted, ovules 2, anatropous, pendulous. Fruit an indehiscent samara, flat, long oval, with apex 2-lobed, pericarp thin leathery and pedicel very short. Seed 1, pendulous at apex, testa membranous; endosperm copious; embryo erect, same length as endosperm; cotyledon fleshy, flat. Only one species endemic to China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in Eucommia ulmoides 杜仲 at least ten botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-92

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Eucommiaceae

Eucommiaceae 杜仲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 5

Eucommia 杜仲属 E. ulmoides Oliver

杜仲

5

93. Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Herbs, shrubs or trees, with lactiferous, clear, white, or colored. Leaves mostly simple, occasionally compound, stipulates. Inflorescence cymes, unisexual, monoecious, sometimes dioecious. Perianth absent or 2–6-merous. Male flowers various greatly, often degenerated into one stamen, two celled. Pistil 3 connate with locules. Style or stigma 3or 6-lobed. Ovary superior, mostly 3-loculed, placentation axile. Fruit a capsule or drupe. About 322 genera and 8910 species are widespread over the world, mostly in the tropics and subtropics, less distributed in temperate regions. About 67 genera and 427 species found in China, ca. 95% in the S and SW China. A total of 345 species, two subspecies and nine varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 48% (205/427) species and 88% (59/67) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Acalypha schneiderian 红尾铁苋

270

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-93

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Acalypha 铁苋菜属 A. acmophylla Hemsl.

尾叶铁苋菜

6

A. australis L.

铁苋菜

6

A. chuniana H. G. Ye, Y. S. Ye, X. S. Qin et F. W. Xing

陈氏铁苋菜

6

A. hispida Burm. f.

红穗铁苋菜

6

A. pendula C. Wright ex Griseb.

红尾铁苋

6

A. schneideriana Pax et Hoffm.

丽江铁苋菜

6

A. wilkesiana Muell. Arg.

红桑

6 6

Actephila 喜光花属 A. excelsa (Dalz.) Muell. Arg.

毛叶喜光花

6

A. merrilliana Chun

喜光花

6

A. subsessilis Gagnep.

短柄喜光花

6 6

Alchornea 山麻杆属 A. davidii Franch.

山麻杆

6

A. hunanensis H. S. Kiu

湖南山麻杆

6

A. rugosa (Lour.) Müll. Arg.

羽脉山麻杆

6

A. tiliifolia (Benth.) Müll. Arg.

椴叶山麻杆

6

A. trewioides (Benth.) Müll. Arg.

红背山麻杆

6 6

Aleurites 石栗属 A. moluccana (L.) Willd.

石栗

6

A. acidum Retz.

西南五月茶

6

A. bunius (L.) Spreng

五月茶

6

A. chonmon Cagnep.

滇越五月茶

6

6

Antidesma 五月茶属

A. fordii Hemsl.

黄毛五月茶

6

A. ghaesembilla Gaertn

方叶五月茶

6

A. hainanense Merr.

海南五月茶

6

A. japonicum Siebold et Zucc.

酸味子

6

A. maclurei Merr.

多花五月茶

6

A. montanum Blume

山地五月茶

6

A. pseudomicrophyllum Croizat

柳叶五月茶

6

A. sootepense Craib

泰北五月茶

6

A. venosum E. Mey. ex Tul.

小叶五月茶

6 6

Aporusa 银柴属 A. dioica (Roxb.) Müll. Arg.

银柴

6

A. villosa (Lindl.) Baill.

毛银柴

6

A. yunnanensis (Pax et Hoffm.) Metc.

云南银柴

6 6

Archileptopus 方鼎木属 A. fandingianus P. T. Li

方鼎木

6 6

Baccaurea 木奶果属 B. dulcis (Jack) Müll. Arg.

甜味木奶果

6

B. motleyana (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg.

多脉木奶果

6

B. ramiflora Lour.

木奶果

6

Baliospermum 斑籽属

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. calycinum Müll. Arg.

散微籽木

6

B. effusum Pax et Hoffm.

云南斑籽木

6

B. micranthum Müll. Arg.

小花斑籽木

6

B. montanum (Willd.) Müll. Arg.

斑籽木

6

B. javanica Blume

秋枫

6

B. polycarpa (Lévl.) Airy Shaw

重阳木

6

B. chunii Y. T. Chang et P. T. Li

海南留萼木

6

B. pentzii (Müll. Arg.) Benth.

留萼木

6

黑面神

6

6

Bischofia 重阳木属

6

Blachia 留萼木属

6

Breynia 黑面神属 B. fruticosa (L.) Hook. f. B. hyposauropa Croizat

广西黑面神

6

B. nivosa (Bull ex W. G. Smith) Small

雪花木

6

B. retusa (Dennst.) Alston

钝叶黑面神

6

B. rostrata Merr.

喙果黑面神

6

B. vitis-idaea (Burm.) C. E. C. Fisch.

小叶黑面神

6 6

Bridelia 土蜜树属 B. fordii Hemsl.

大叶土蜜树

6

B. insulana Hance

禾串树

6

B. pubescens Kurz

膜叶土蜜树

6

B. stipularia (L.) Blume

土蜜藤

6

B. tomentosa Blume

土蜜树

6 6

Cephalomappa 肥牛木属 C. sinensis (Chun et How) Kosterm.

肥牛树

C. castanocarpus (Roxb.) Thwaites

毛刺果树

6

白桐树

6

6

Claoxylon 白桐树属 C. indicum (Reinw. ex Blume) Hassk.

6 6

Chaetocarpus 刺果树属

C. khasianum Hook. f.

喀西白桐树

6

C. longifolium (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk.

长叶白桐树

6

C. subsessiliflorum Croizat

短序白桐树

6

蝴蝶果

6

C. bracteosum Gagnep.

灰岩棒柄花

6

C. brevipetiolatum Pax et Hoffm.

棒柄花

6

C. spiciflorum (Burm. f.) Merr.

长棒柄花

6

6

Cleidiocarpon 蝴蝶果属 C. cavalerei (Lévl.) Airy Shaw

6

Cleidion 棒柄花属

6

Cleistanthus 闭花木属 C. apodus Benth.

垂枝闭花木

6

C. concinnus Croiz.

东方闭花木

6

C. petelotii Merr. ex Croiz.

假肥牛树

6

C. sumatranus (Miq.) Müll. Arg.

闭花木

6 6

Cnesmone 粗毛藤属 C. hainanensis (Merr. et Chun) Croizat

海南粗毛藤

6

271

272

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. javanica Blume

灰岩粗毛藤

6

Codiaeum 变叶木属

6

C. interruptum Baum

蜂腰变叶木

6

C. variegatum (L.) A. Juss.

变叶木

6 6

Croton 巴豆属 C. cascarilloides Raeusch.

银叶巴豆

6

C. caudatus Geisel.

卵叶巴豆

6

C. crassifolius Geisel.

鸡骨香

6

C. damayeshu Y. T. Chang

大麻叶巴豆

6

C. dinghuensis H. S. Kiu

鼎湖巴豆

6

C. euryphyllus W. W. Smith

石山巴豆

6

C. hutchinsonianus Hosseus

哈氏巴豆

6

C. kongensis Gagnep.

越南巴豆

6

C. lachnocarpus Benth.

毛果巴豆

6

C. laevigatus Vahl

光叶巴豆

6

C. laui Merr. et Matc.

海南巴豆

6

C. sublyratus Kurz

矮巴豆

6

C. tiglium L.

巴豆

6

C. tiglium var. xiaopadou Y. T. Chang et S. Z. Huang

小巴豆

6

C. yanhuii Y. T. Chang

延辉巴豆

6

C. yunnanensis W. W. Smith

云南巴豆

6

Deutzianthus 东京桐属

6

D. tonkienensis Gagnep.

东京桐

6

假奓包叶

6

D. arcuatinervia Merr. et Chun

拱网核果木

6

D. cumingii (Baill.) Pax et K. Hoffm.

青枣核果木

6

6

Discocleidion 假奓包叶属 D. rufescens (Franch.) Pax et Hoffm.

6

Drypetes 核果木属

D. hainanensis Merr.

海南核果木

6

D. hoaensis Gagnep.

勐腊核果木

6

D. indica (Müll. Arg.) Pax et Hoffm.

核果木

6

D. obtusa Merr. et Chun

钝叶核果木

6

D. perreticulata Gagnep.

网脉核果木

6

D. salicifolia Gagnep.

柳叶核果木

E. chinense Benth.

黄桐

风轮桐

6

峦岳

6

6

Euphorbia 大戟属 E. abyssinica J. F. Gmel.

6 6

Epiprinus 风轮桐属 E. siletianus (Baill.) Croizat

6 6

Endospermum 黄桐属

E. aeruginosa Schweick

铜绿麒麟

6

E. aggregata A. Berger

红麒麟

6

E. ambovombensis Rauh et Razaf.

安波沃本大戟

6

E. ammak Schweinf.

大戟阁

6

E. amygdaloides L.

扁桃叶大戟

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. ankarensis Boiteau

安佳麒麟

6

E. antiquorum L.

火殃勒

6

E. aphylla Brouss. ex Willd.

丝麒麟

6

E. atropurpurea Brouss. ex Willd.

球冠大戟

6

E. avasmontana Dinter

角麒麟

6

E. baioensis S. Carter

密刺麒麟

6

E. barnardii A. C. White, R. A. Dyer et B. Sloane

斑纳麒麟

6

E. bergii A. C. White, R. A. Dyer et B. Sloane

喷火龙

6

E. bifida Hook. et Arn.

细齿大戟

6

E. biumbellata Poiret

6

E. calandestina Jacq.

逆鳞龙

6

E. canariensis L.

墨麒麟

6

E. characias L.

常绿大戟

6

E. cooperi N. E. Br. ex A. Berger

琉璃塔

6

E. cotinifolia L.

紫锦木

6

E. crispa (Haw.) Sweet

波涛麒麟

6

E. cuneata Vahl

闪红阁

6

猩猩草

6

E. cyathophora Murr. E. cylindrifolia Marn.-Lap. et Rauh

筒叶麒麟

6

E. decaryi Guillaumin

皱叶麒麟

6

E. decaryi var. cap-saintemariensis (Rauh) Cremers

树麒麟

6

E. echinus Hook. f. et Coss.

大正麒麟

6

E. ecklonii (Klotzsch et Garke) Baillon

鬼笑

6

E. enterophora Drake

硬叶麒麟

6

E. esculenta Marloth

阎魔麒麟

6

E. esula L.

乳浆大戟

6

E. excelsa A. C. White, R. A. Dyer et B. Sloane

津巴布韦大戟

6

E. franckiana A. Berger

厚目麒麟

6

E. francoisii Leandri

彩叶麒麟

6

E. fulgens Karw. ex Klotzsch

红羽大戟

6

E. globosa (Haw.) Sims

玉鳞宝

6

E. groenewaldii Bally et S. Carter

旋风大戟

6

E. hedyotoides N. E. Br.

柳叶麒麟

6

E. helioscopia L.

泽漆

6

E. heterophylla L.

白苞猩猩草

6

E. hirta L.

飞扬草

6

E. horrida Boiss.

魁伟玉

6

E. humifusa Willd.

地锦

6

E. hylonoma Hand.-Mazz.

湖北大戟

6

E. hypericifolia L.

通奶草

6

E. inermis Mill.

九头龙

6

E. ingens E. Meyer ex Boissier

冲天阁

6

E. itremensis Kimnach et Lavrnos

爱翠斯麒麟

6

E. jolkinii Boiss.

大狼毒

6

E. kansuensis Prokh.

甘肃大戟

6

273

274

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. knuthii Pax

狗奴子

6

E. lacei Craib

三棱簕

6

帝锦

6

E. lactea Haw. E. lathylris L.

续随子

6

E. lemaireana Boiss.

大缠

6

E. leucocephala Lotsy

白雪木

6

E. leuconeura Boiss.

白条麒麟

6

E. maculata L.

斑地锦

6

E. makinoi Hayata

小叶大戟

6

E. mammillaris L.

白桦麒麟

6

E. marginata Pursh.

银边翠

6

E. meloformis Aiton

贵青玉

6

E. milii Des Moul.

铁海棠

6

E. neohumbertii Boiteau

喷炎龙

6

E. neriifolia L.

金钢纂

6

E. obesa Hook. f.

布纹球

6

E. oncoclada Drake

翡翠木

6

E. pekinensis Rupr.

大戟

6

E. peplus L.

南欧大戟

6

E. piscidermis M. G. Gilbert

鱼鳞大戟

6

E. primulifolia Baker

樱花麒麟

6

E. prolifera Hamilt. ex D. Don

土爪狼毒

6

E. prostrata Aiton

匍匐大戟

6

E. pseudocactus A. Berger

春驹

6

E. pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch

一品红

6

E. pulvinata Marloth

笹蟹丸

6

E. regis-jubae J. Gay

里朱大戟

6

E. resinifera A. Berger

白角麒麟

6

E. royleana Boiss.

霸王鞭

6

E. schoenlandii Pax

斗牛角

6

E. seguieriana Neck.

西格尔大戟

6

E. sepulta P. R. O. Bally et S. Cater

飒见大戟

6

E. sessiliflora Roxb.

百步回阳

6

E. sieboldiana Morr. et Decne.

钩腺大戟大戟

6

E. sikkimensis Boiss.

黄苞大戟

6

E. similiramea S. Carter

同枝大戟

6

E. soongarica Boiss.

准噶尔大戟

6

E. stellata Willd.

飞龙

6

E. stenoclada Baill.

银角珊瑚

6

E. thymifolia L.

千根草

6

E. tirucalli L.

光棍树

6

E. tortirama R. A. Dyer

螺旋麒麟

6

E. trigona Haw.

彩云阁

6

E. turbiniformis Chiov.

圆锥麒麟

6

E. unispina N. E. Br.

簇叶单刺大戟

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. valida N. E. Br.

法利达

6

E. venenifica Kotschy

贝信麒麟

6

E. viguieri Denis

安加惑结麒麟

6

E. viguieri var. ankarafantsiensis Ursch et Leandri

安加惑结麒麟(变种)

6

E. xylophylloides Brongne. ex Lem.

叶麒麟

6

E. zoutpansbergensis R. A. Dyer

鬼角麒麟

E. acerifolia Didr.

6 6

Excoecaria 土沉香属 云南土沉香

6

E. acerifolia var. cuspidata (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg.

狭叶土沉香

6

E. cochinchinensis Lour.

红背桂

6

E. formosana (Hayata) Hayata

绿背桂花

6

E. venenata S. K. Lee et F. N. Wei

鸡尾木

6 6

Flueggea 白饭树属 F. acicularis (Croizat) Webster

毛白饭树

6

F. leucopyrus Willd.

聚花白饭树(梨果白饭树)

6

F. suffruticosa (Pall.) Baill

一叶萩

6

F. virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt

白饭树

6 6

Garcia 构桐属 G. nutans Roht

构桐

6 6

Glochidion 算盘子属 G. arborescens Blume

白毛算盘子

6

G. assamicum (Müll. Arg.) Hook. f.

四裂算盘子

6

G. coccineum (Buch.-Ham.) Müll. Arg.

红算盘子

6

G. eriocarpum Champ. ex Benth.

毛果算盘子

6

G. hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt

厚叶算盘子

6

G. khasicum (Müll. Arg.) Hook. f.

长柱算盘子

6

G. lanceolarium (Roxb.) Voigt

艾胶算盘子

6

G. lanceolatum Hayata

披针叶算盘子

6

G. oblatum Hook. f.

宽果算盘子

6

G. philippicum (Cav.) C. B. Rob.

甜叶算盘子

6

G. puberum (L.) Hutch.

算盘子

6

G. ramiflorum J. R. et G. Forst.

茎花算盘子

6

圆果算盘子

6

G. sphaerogynum (Müll. Arg.) Kurz G. triandrum (Blanco) C. B. Rob.

里白算盘子

6

G. triandrum var. siamense (Airy Shaw) P. T. Li

泰云算盘子

6

G. velutinum Wight

绒毛算盘子

6

G. wilsonii Hutch.

湖北算盘子

6

G. wrightii Benth.

白背算盘子

6

G. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss.

香港算盘子

6 6

Gymnanthes 裸花树属 G. remota (Steenis) Esser

裸花树

H. brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.

橡胶树

6

水柳

6

6

Homonoia 水柳属 H. riparia Lour.

6 6

Hevea 橡胶树属

275

276

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

6

Hura 响盒子属 H. crepitans L.

Volume

响盒子

6 6

Jatropha 麻疯树属 J. curcas L.

麻疯树

6

J. gossypifolia L.

棉叶麻疯树

6

J. integerrima Jacq.

变叶珊瑚花

6

J. multifida L.

珊瑚花

6

J. podagrica Hook.

佛肚树

6

鹦鹉桐

6

白茶树

6

6

Joannesia 鹦鹉桐属 J. princeps Vell.

6

Koilodepas 白茶树属 K. hainanensis (Merr.) Airy Shaw

6

Lasiococca 轮叶戟属 L. comberi Haines

印度轮叶戟

6

L. comberi var. pseudoverticillata (Merr.) H. S. Kiu

轮叶戟

6

L. chinensis (Bunge) Pojark.

雀儿舌头

6

L. esquirolii (Lévl.) P. T. Li.

尾叶雀舌木

6

6

Leptopus 雀舌木属

6

Macaranga 血桐属 M. adenantha Gagnep.

盾叶木

6

M. auriculata (Merr.) Airy Shaw

刺果血桐

6

M. denticulata (Blume) Müll. Arg.

中平树

6

草鞋木

6

M. henryi (Pax et Hoffm.) Rehder M. indica Wight

印度血桐

6

M. kurzii (Kuntze) Pax et Hoffm.

尾叶血桐

6

M. sampsonii Hance

鼎湖血桐

6

M. tanarius (L.) Müll. Arg.

血桐

6

M. trigonostemonoides Croiz.

卵苞血桐

6

白背叶

6

6

Mallotus 野桐属 M. apelta (Lour.) Müll. Arg. M. barbatus (Lour.) Müll. Arg.

毛桐

6

M. barbatus var. congestus Mete.

密序野桐

6

M. decipiens Müll. Arg.

短柄野桐

6

M. furetianus (Baill.) Müll. Arg.

山苦茶

6

M. garrettii Airy Shaw

粉叶野桐

6

M. hainanensis S. M. Hwang

海南野桐

6

M. hookerianus (Seem.) Müll. Arg.

粗毛野桐

6

野梧桐

6

M. japonicus (Thunb.) Müll. Arg. M. japonicus var. floccosus (Müll. Arg.) S. M. Hwang

野桐

6

M. lianus Croiz.

东南野桐

6

M. macrostachyus (Miq.) Müll. Arg.

大穗野桐

6

M. microcarpus Pax et Hoffm.

小果野桐

6

M. millietii Lévl.

崖豆野桐

6

M. nepalensis Müll.Arg.

尼泊尔桐

6

M. paniculatus (Lam.) Müll. Arg.

白楸

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. philippensis (Lam.) Müll. Arg.

粗糠柴

6

M. philippensis var. mengliangensis C. Y. Wu ex S. M. Hwang

勐连粗糠柴

6

M. repandus (Willd.) Müll. Arg.

石岩枫

6

M. roxburghianus Müll. Arg.

圆叶野桐

6

M. tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz

四果野桐

6

M. yunnanensis Pax et Hoffm.

云南野桐

6

Manihot 木薯属

6

M. esculenta Crantz

木薯

6

M. glaziovii ssp. glaziovii (Müll. Arg.) Allem

木薯胶

6 6

Margaritaria 蓝子木属 M. indica (Dalzell) Airy Shaw

蓝子木

M. yunnanense Croiz.

6 6

Megistostigma 大柱藤属 云南大柱藤

6

山靛

6

M. ellenbeckii N. E. Br.

茎足单腺戟

6

M. heteropodum (Pax) N. E. Br.

翡翠塔

6

M. ritchiei Bally

将军阁

6

M. rubellum (Bally) S. Carter

人参大戟

6

O. katharinae Pax

云南叶轮木

6

O. kuangii Y. T. Chang

绒毛叶轮木

6

O. paniculata Blume

叶轮木

6

Mercurialis 山靛属 M. leiocarpa Siebold et Zucc.

6

Monadenium 翡翠塔属

6

Ostodes 叶轮木属

6 6

Pedilanthus 红雀珊瑚属 P. carinatus (Donn) Spreng.

铁杆丁香

P. tithymaloides (L.) Poit.

红雀珊瑚

6

白雀珊瑚

6

珠子木

6

P. tithymaloides ssp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler

6

Phyllanthodendron 珠子木属 P. anthopotamicum (Hand.-Mazz.) Croizat

6

P. breynioides P. T. Li

龙州珠子木

6

P. dunniarum Lévl.

枝翅珠子木

6

P. orbicularifolium P. T. Li

圆叶珠子木

6

P. petraeum P. T. Li

岩生珠子木

6

P. roseum Craib et Hutch.

玫花珠子木

6

P. yunnanense Croiz.

云南珠子木

6

Phyllanthus 叶下珠属

6

P. acidus (L.) Skeels

西印度醋栗

6

浙江叶下珠

6

P. arbuscula (Sw.) J. F. Gmel. P. chekiangensis Croiz. et Metc.

6

P. clarkei Hook. f.

滇藏叶下珠

6

P. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.

越南叶下珠

6

P. emblica L.

余甘子

6

P. flexuosus (Siebold et Zucc.) Müll.

落萼叶下珠

6

P. franchetianus Lévl.

云贵叶下珠

6

277

278

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. glaucus Wall. ex Müll. Arg.

青灰叶下珠

6

P. guangdongensis P. T. Li

隐脉叶下珠

6

P. hainanensis Merr.

海南叶下珠

6

P. leptoclados Benth.

细枝叶下珠

6

P. myrtifolius (Wight) Müll. Arg.

瘤腺叶下珠

6

P. nanellus P. T. Li

单花水油甘

6

P. niruri L.

珠子草

6

P. parvifolius Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

水油甘

6

P. pulcher Wall. ex Müll. Arg.

云桂叶下珠

6

P. reticulatus Poir.

小果叶下珠

6

P. sootepensis Craib

云泰叶下珠

6

P. urinaria L.

叶下珠

6

P. ussuriensis Rupr. et Maxim.

蜜柑草

6

P. virgatus Forst. f

黄珠子草

6 6

Plukenetia 星油藤属 星油藤

6

Reutealis 三籽桐属

P. volubilis L.

6

R. trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw

三籽桐

6

龙胆木

6

红蓖麻

6

6

Richeriella 龙胆木属 R. gracilis (Merr.) Pax et Hoffm.

6

Ricinus 蓖麻属 R. communis L.

6

Sapium 乌桕属 S. baccatum Roxb.

浆果乌桕

6

S. chihsinianum S. K. Lee

桂林乌桕

6

S. discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Müll. Arg.

山乌桕

6

S. insigne (Royle) Benth. et Hook. f.

异序乌桕

6

S. japonicum (Siebold et Zucc.) Pax et Hoffm.

白木乌桕

6

S. rotundifolium Hemsl.

圆叶乌桕

6

S. sebiferum (L.) Roxb.

乌桕

6

S. androgynus (L.) Merr.

守宫木

6

S. bonii Beille

茎花守宫木

6

6

Sauropus 守宫木属

S. garrettii Craib

苍叶守宫木

6

S. macranthus Hassk.

长梗守宫木

6

S. quadrangularis (Willd.) Müll. Arg.

方枝守宫木

6

S. repandus Müll. Arg.

波萼守宫木

6

S. spatulifolius Beille

龙脷叶

6

木果乌桕

6

S. cantonensis (Hance) Pax et Hoffm.

广东地构叶

6

S. tuberculata (Bunge) Baill.

地构叶

6

S. yunnanensis S. M. Hwang

云南地构叶

6

6

Shirakiopsis 齿叶乌桕属 S. indica (Willd.) Esser

6

Speranskia 地构叶属

Strophioblachia 宿萼木属

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

279

continued Euphorbiaceae 大戟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. fimbricalyx Boerl.

宿萼木

6

Sumbaviopsis 缅桐属

6

S. albicans (Blume) J. J. Sm.

缅桐

6

白树

6

滑桃树

6

6

Suregada 白树属 S. glomerulata (Blume) Baill.

6

Trewia 滑桃树属 T. nudiflora L.

6

Trigonostemon 三宝木属 T. chinensis Merr.

三宝木

6

T. heterophyllus Merr.

异叶三宝木

6

T. lii Y. T. Chang

勐仑三宝木

6

T. lutescens Y. T. Chang et J. Y. Liang

黄花三宝木

6

T. thyrsoideus Stapf

长梗三宝木

6

T. xyphophylloides (Croiz.) L. K. Dai et T. L. Wu

剑叶三宝木

6 6

Vernicia 油桐属 V. fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw

油桐

6

V. montana Lour.

木油桐

6 6

Whyanbeelia 沟柱桐属 W. terrae-reginae Airy Shaw et B. Hyland

6

维安比木

94. Eupteleaceae 领春木科 Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate, blade round or nearly ovate, margin serrated, pinnately veined, longer petioles, estipules. Flowers bisexual, blooming earlier than leafing. Perianth absent, stamens many. Receptacle flat. Carpel many, free, ovary 1 locule, with 1 to 4 anatropous ovules. The fruit an aggregate, winged, 1–4 seeds per fruit. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens in China. Euptelea pleiosperma 领春木 Table IV-94

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Eupteleaceae

Eupteleaceae 领春木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Euptelea 领春木属 E. pleiosperma Hook. f. et Thomson

领春木

6

95. Fagaceae 壳斗科 Trees and shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate, leathery, pinnately veined. Stipules caducous. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, apetalous. Perianth 1 whorled, lower part connate, 4–6-lobed. Male

280

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

flowers mostly catkins, one flower per bract, calyx 4–8-lobed, stamen and calyx lobes equal or multiple. Female flowers rarely solitary or composed into dichotomous cymes, in involucre. Ovary inferior, 3–6-loculed. Style and ovary equal numbered, persistent. Fruit a nut or 1–3 nuts in a bur covered by scales or spines. Seeds without endosperm. Seven to 12 genera (depending on interpretation) and 900–1000 species occur worldwide except for tropical and S Africa. Seven genera and ca. 310 species found in China. A total of 174 species and five varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 43% (134/310) species and all seven genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-95

Quercus senescens 灰背栎

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Fagaceae

Fagaceae 壳斗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Castanea 栗属 C. crenata Siebold et Zucc.

日本栗

6

C. henryi (Skan) Rehd. et Wils.

锥栗

6

C. mollissima Blume

板栗

6

C. sativa Mill.

欧洲板栗

6

C. seguinii Dode

茅栗

6 6

Castanopsis 锥属 C. argyrophylla King ex Hook. f.

银叶栲

6

C. australe A. Cunn. et Fraser

绿元宝

6

C. calathiformis (Skan) Rehd. et Wils.

枹丝锥

6

C. carlesii (Hemsl.) Hayata

米槠

6

C. carlesii var. spinulosa W. C. Cheng et C. S. Chao

短刺米槠

6

C. ceratacantha Rehd. et Wils

瓦山锥

6

C. chinensis Hance

锥

6

C. clarkei King ex Hook. f.

棱刺锥

6

C. delavayi Franch.

高山锥

6

C. echidnocarpa J. D. Hooker et Thomson ex Miquel

短刺栲

6

C. eyrei (Champ.) Tutch.

甜槠

6

C. fabri Hance

罗浮锥

6

C. fargesii Franch.

栲

6

C. ferox (Roxb.) Spach.

思茅锥

6

C. fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Rehd. et Wils.

黧蒴锥

6

C. fleuryi Hich. et A. Camus

小果栲

6

C. hainanensis Merr.

海南锥

6

C. hupehensis C. S. Chao

湖北锥

6

C. hystrix Miq.

红锥

6

C. indica (Roxb.) Mig.

印度锥

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Fagaceae 壳斗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. jucunda Hance

秀丽椎

6

C. kawakamii Hayata

吊皮锥

6

C. lamontii Hance

鹿角锥

6

C. megaphylla Hu

大叶锥

6

C. mekongensis A. Camus

湄公栲

6

C. orthacantha Franch.

元江栲

6

C. platyacantha Rehd. et Wils.

扁刺锥

6

C. rockii A. Camus

大叶石栎

6

C. sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott.

苦槠

6

C. tcheponensis Hick. et A. Camus

薄叶栲

6

C. tibetana Hance

钩锥

6

C. tonkinensis Seem.

公孙锥

6

C. wattii (King ex Hook. f.) A. Camus

变色锥

6 6

Cyclobalanopsis 青冈属 C. austrocochinchinensis (Hickel et A. Camus) Hjelmq.

越南青冈

6

C. austroglauca Y. T. Chang

滇南青冈

6

C. bambusaefolia (Hance) Chun ex Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

竹叶青冈

6

C. bella (Chun et Tsiang) Chun ex Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

槟榔青冈

6

C. blakei (Skan) Schott.

栎子青冈

6

C. championii (Benth.) Oerst.

岭南青冈

6

C. chapensis (Hick. et A. Camus) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

扁果青冈

6

C. chrysocalyx (Hick. et A. Camus) Hjelmq.

毛斗青冈

6

C. dinghuensis (Huang) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

鼎湖青冈

6

C. disciformis (Chun et Tsiang) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

碟斗青冈

6

C. fleuryi (Hick. et A. Camus) Chun ex Q. F. Zheng

饭甑青冈

6

C. gilva (Blume) Oerst.

赤皮青冈

6

C. glauca (Thunb.) Oerst.

青冈

6

C. glaucoides Schott.

滇青冈

6

C. gracilis (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng et T. Hong

细叶青冈

6

C. helferiana (A. DC.) Oerst.

毛枝青冈

6

C. hui (Chun) Chun ex Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

雷公青冈

6

C. jenseniana (Hand.-Mazz.) Cheng et T. Hong

大叶青冈

6

C. kerrii (Craib) Hu

毛叶青冈

6

C. kiukiangensis Y. T. Chang

俅江青冈

6

C. lamellosa (Smith) Oerst.

薄片青冈

6

C. langbianensis (Trelease ex Hickel et A. Camus) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

法斗青冈

6

C. litseoides (Dunn) Schott.

木姜叶青冈

6

C. multinervis W. C. Cheng et T. Hong

多脉青冈

6

C. myrsinifolia (Blume) Oersted

小叶青冈

6

C. ningangensis Cheng et Y. C. Hsu

宁冈青冈

6

C. oxyodon (Miq.) Oerst.

曼青冈

6

C. pachyloma (Seem.) Schott.

毛果青冈

6

C. patelliformis (Chun) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

托盘青冈

6

C. phanera (Chun) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

亮叶青冈

6

C. rex (Hemsl.) Schott.

大果青冈

6

281

282

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Fagaceae 壳斗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. semiserratoides Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

无齿青冈

6

C. sessilifolia (Blume) Schott.

云山青冈

6

C. shennongii (Huang et Fu) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

神农青冈

6

C. sichourensis Hu

西畴青冈

6

C. stewardiana (A. Camus) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

褐叶青冈

6

C. thorelii (Hick. et A. Camus) Hu

厚缘青冈

6 6

Fagus 水青冈属 F. engleriana Seem.

米心水青冈

6

F. hayatae Palib. ex Hayata

台湾水青冈

6

F. longipetiolata Seem.

水青冈

6

F. lucida Rehd. et Wils.

光叶水青冈

6

F. sylvatica L.

欧洲水青冈

6 6

Lithocarpus 柯属 L. amygdalifolius (Skan) Hayata

杏叶柯

6

L. balansae (Drake) A. Camus

猴面柯

6

L. brevicaudatus (Skan) Hayata

短尾柯

6

L. calophyllus Chun

美叶柯

6

L. cleistocarpus (Seem.) Rehd. et Wils.

包果柯

6

L. confinis Huang

窄叶柯

6

L. corneus (Lour.) Rehd.

烟斗柯

6

L. craibianus Barn.

白穗柯

6

L. dealbatus (Hook. f. et Thomson ex Miq.) Rehder

白柯

6

L. elizabethiae (Tutcher) Rehder

厚斗柯

6

L. eriobotryoides Huang et Y. T. Chang

枇杷叶柯

6

L. farinulentus (Hance) A. Camus

易武石栎

6

L. fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehd.

泥柯

6

L. fohaiensis (Hu) A. Camus

勐海柯

6

L. fordianus (Hemsl.) Chun

密脉柯

6

L. glaber (Thunb.) Nakai

柯

6

L. grandifolius (D. Don) Biswas

耳叶柯

6

L. haipinii Chun

菴耳柯

6

L. hancei (Benth.) Rehd.

硬壳柯

6

L. handelianus A. Camus

瘤果柯

6

L. harlandii (Hance) Rehd.

港柯

6

L. henryi (Seem.) Rehd. et Wils.

灰柯

6

L. hypoglaucus (Hu) Huang

灰背叶柯

6

L. iteaphyllus (Hance) Rehd.

鼠刺叶柯

6

L. litseifolius (Hance) Chun

木姜叶柯

6

L. magneinii (Hick. et A. Camus) A. Camus

黑家柯

6

L. mairei (Schott.) Rehd.

光叶柯

6

L. mekongensis (A. Camus) Huang et Y. T. Chang

澜沧柯

6

L. microspermus A. Camus

小果柯

6

L. naiadarum (Hance) Chun

水仙柯

6

L. oblanceolatus Huang et Y. T. Chang

峨眉柯

6

L. paihengii Chun et Tsiang

大叶苦柯

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Fagaceae 壳斗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. paniculatus Hand.-Mazz.

圆锥柯

6

L. petelotii A. Camus

星毛柯

6

L. polystachyus (Wall. ex A. DC.) Rehder

多穗石栎

6

L. pseudoreinwardtii A. Camus

单果柯

6

L. rosthornii (Schott.) Barn

南川柯

6

L. silvicolarum (Hance) Chun

犁耙柯

6

L. tabularis Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

平头柯

6

L. truncatus (King) Rehd. et Wils.

截果柯

6

L. uvariifolius (Hance) Rehd.

紫玉盘柯

6

L. vestitus (Hickel et A. Camus) A. Camus

茸果石栎

6 6

Quercus 栎属 Q. acrodonta Seemen

岩栎

6

Q. acutissima Carruth.

麻栎

6

Q. aliena Blume

槲栎

6

Q. aliena var. acuteserrata Maxim. ex Wenz.

锐齿槲栎

6

Q. aliena var. peikinensis Schott.

北京槲栎

6

Q. aquifolioides Rehd. et Wils.

川滇高山栎

6

Q. baronii Skan

橿子栎

6

Q. bicolor Willd.

双色栎

6

Q. cerris L.

土耳其栎

6

Q. chenii Nakai

小叶栎

6

Q. chrysolepis Liebm.

峡谷槲树

6

Q. cocciferoides Hand.-Mazz.

铁橡栎

6

Q. coccinea Münchh.

猩红栎

6

Q. dentata Thunb.

槲树

6

Q. dolicholepis A. Camus

匙叶栎

6

Q. ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill

椭圆栎

6

Q. engleriana Seem.

巴东栎

6

Q. fabri Hance

白栎

6

Q. franchetii Skan

锥连栎

6

Q. griffithii Hook. f. et Thomson ex Miq.

大叶栎

6

Q. hartwissiana Steven

欧亚栎

6

Q. imbricaria Michx.

复瓦栎

6

Q. libani G. Olivier

黎巴嫩橡木

6

Q. lyrata Walt.

琴叶栎

6

Q. macrocarpa Michx.

大果栎

6

Q. marilandica (L.) Münchh.

马州栎

6

Q. mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.

蒙古栎

6

Q. monimotricha Hand.-Mazz.

矮高山栎

6

Q. muehlenbergii Engelm.

黄果栎

6

Q. nigra L.

水栎

6

Q. nuttallii Buckley

德州栎

6

Q. pagoda Raf.

樱皮栎

6

Q. palustris Münchh.

沼生栎

6

Q. petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.

无梗花栎

6

283

284

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Fagaceae 壳斗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Q. phellos L.

柳叶栎

6

Q. phillyraeoides A. Gray

乌冈栎

6

Q. robur L.

夏栎

6

Q. rubra L.

红槲栎

6

Q. salicina Blume

白背栎

6

Q. schochiana Dieck

6

Q. senescens Hand.-Mazz.

灰背栎

6

Q. senescens var. muliensis (Hu) Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen

木里栎

6

Q. serrata Thunb.

枹栎

6

Q. serrata var. brevipetiolata (A. DC.) Nakai

短柄枹栎

6

Q. shumardii Buckley

舒马栎

6

Q. spinosa David ex Franch.

刺叶高山栎

6

Q. stellata Wangenh.

星毛栎

6

Q. stewardii Rehd.

黄山栎

6

Q. suber L.

西班牙栓皮栎

6

Q. utilis Hu et Cheng

炭栎

6

Q. variabilis Blume

栓皮栎

6

Q. virginiana Mill.

弗吉尼亚栎

6

Q. wutaishanica Mayr

辽东栎

6

Q. yiwuensis Huang

易武栎

6

Q. yunnanensis Franch.

云南波罗栎

6 6

Trigonobalanus 三棱栎属 T. doichangensis (A. Camus) Forman

三棱栎

6

T. verticillata Forman

轮叶三棱栎

6

96. Flacourtiaceae 大风子科 Trees or shrubs, rarely limbers. Leaves simple, alternate, spirally arranged in two whorls or crowded apical. Stipules small, rarely large or absent. Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual, dioecious or polygamous, solitary, clustered or in racemes, panicles or cymes, terminal or axillary. Petals often 3–8. Sepals often 3–6, persistent. Stamens >5. Styles 2–10. Ovary superior, semi-inferior, rarely completely inferior, usually 1 locule. Fruit a berry, drupe or capsule. About 87 genera and ca. 900 species widespread over the world, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, some extending into the temperate zone. Some 15 genera and ca. 44 species found in China, Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus 泰国大风子 several other species are poorly known. A total of 35 species and four varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 59% (26/44) species and 87% (13/15) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-96

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Flacourtiaceae

Flacourtiaceae 大风子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Bennettiodendron 山桂花属 B. brevipes Merr.

短柄山桂花

6

B. leprosipes (Clos) Merr.

山桂花

6 6

Carrierea 山羊角树属 C. calycina Franch.

山羊角树

6 6

Casearia 脚骨脆属 C. balansae Gagnep.

脚骨脆

6

C. glomerata Roxb.

球花脚骨脆

6

C. graveolens Dalzell

香味嘉锡树

6

C. kurzii C. B. Clarke

印度嘉赐树

6

C. kurzii var. gracilis S. Y. Bao

印度细柄嘉赐树

6

C. membranacea Hance

膜叶嘉锡树

6

C. velutina Blume

爪哇脚骨脆

6 6

Dovyalis 锡兰莓属 D. caffra (Hook. f. et Harv.) Sim

南非醋栗

6

D. hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb.

锡兰莓

6 6

Flacourtia 刺篱木属 F. indica (Burm. f.) Merr.

刺篱木

6

F. inermis Roxb.

罗比梅

6

F. jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch.

云南刺篱木

6

F. montana J. Graham

山刺子

6

F. ramontchi L’Hér.

大果刺篱木

6

F. rukam Zoll. et Mor.

大叶刺篱木

6 6

Gynocardia 马蛋果属 G. odorata R. Br.

马蛋果

6 6

Homalium 天料木属 H. ceylanicum (Gardner) Benth.

斯里兰卡天料木

6

H. cochinchinense (Lour.) Druce

天料木

6

H. hainanense Gagnep.

红花天料木

6 6

Hydnocarpus 大风子属 H. annamensis (Gagnep.) M. Lescot et Sleum.

广西大风子

6

H. anthelminthicus Pierre ex Laness.

泰国大风子

6

H. hainanensis (Merr.) Sleum.

海南大风子

6

H. kurzii (King) Warb.

印度大风子

6 6

Idesia 山桐子属 I. polycarpa Maxim.

山桐子

6

I. polycarpa var. vestita Diels

毛叶山桐子

6 6

Itoa 栀子皮属 I. orientalis Hemsl.

栀子皮

P. sinensis Oliv.

山拐枣

6 6

Scolopia 箣柊属 S. buxifolia Gagnep.

6 6

Poliothyrsis 山拐枣属

海南箣柊

6

285

286

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Flacourtiaceae 大风子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. chinensis (Lour.) Clos

箣柊

6

S. oldhamii Hance

鲁花树

6

S. saeva (Hance) Hance

广东箣柊

6 6

Xylosma 柞木属 X. controversum Clos

南岭柞木

6

X. controversum var. glabrum S. S. Lai

光叶柞木

6

X. longifolium Clos

长叶柞木

6

X. racemosum (Siebold et Zucc.) Miq.

柞木

6

X. racemosum var. glaucescens Franch.

毛枝柞木

6

97. Gentianaceae 龙胆科 Herbs, annual or perennial. Stems often erect or obliquely ascending. Leaves often simple, opposite, margin entire. Inflorescences cymes or compound cymes. Flowers often bisexual, actinomorphic, a few zygomorphic. Calyx tubular, campanulate, or radial. Stamens on coronal tube and alternate with lobes. Ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, often 2-valved. Seeds many, small. About 80 genera and 700 species occur worldwide. Some 22 genera and ca. 467 species found in China. A total of 44 species of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 9% (43/467) species and 45% (10/22) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-97

Gentiana atuntsiensis 阿墩子龙胆

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Gentianaceae

Gentianaceae 龙胆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Canscora 穿心草属 C. andrographioides Griff. ex C. B. Clarke

罗星草

6

C. lucidissima (Levl. et Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz.

穿心草

6 6

Crawfurdia 蔓龙胆属 C. campanulacea Wall. et Griff. ex C. B. Clarke

云南蔓龙胆

6

C. pricei (Marq.) H. Smith

福建曼龙胆

6 6

Exacum 藻百年属 E. tetragonum Roxb.

藻百年

6 6

Gentiana 龙胆属 G. atuntsiensis W. W. Smith

阿墩子龙胆

6

G. crassicaulis Duthie ex Burkill

粗茎秦艽

6

G. davidii Franch.

五岭龙胆

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gentianaceae 龙胆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. delicata Marq.

黄山龙胆

6

G. dendrologi Marq.

川西秦艽

6

G. helophila Balf. f. et Forrest ex Marq.

喜湿龙胆

6

G. loureiroi (G. Don) Griseb.

华南龙胆

6

G. macrophylla Pall.

秦艽

6

G. manshurica Kitag.

条叶龙胆

6

G. rhodantha Franch. ex Hemsl.

红花龙胆

6

G. rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl.

滇龙胆草

6

G. rubicunda Franch.

深红龙胆

6

G. sarcorrhiza Ling et Ma ex T. N. Ho

菊花参

6

G. scabra Bunge

龙胆

6

G. szechenyii Kanitz

大花龙胆

6

G. trichotoma Kusnez.

三歧龙胆

6

G. veitchiorum Hemsl.

蓝玉簪龙胆

6

G. yokusai Burkill

灰绿龙胆

6

G. yunnanensis Franch.

云南龙胆

6 6

Gentianopsis 扁蕾属 G. barbata (Froel.) Ma

扁蕾

6

G. contorta (Royle) Ma

回旋扁蕾

6

G. paludosa (Hook. f.) Ma

湿生扁蕾

6 6

Halenia 花锚属 H. elliptica D. Don

椭圆叶花锚

6

Lomatogonium 肋柱花属 L. carinthiacum (Wulf.) Reichb.

肋柱花

6 6

Pterygocalyx 翼萼蔓属 P. volubilis Maxim.

6

翼萼蔓

6 6

Swertia 獐牙菜属 S. alba T. N. Ho et S. W. Liu

白花獐牙菜

6

S. angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

狭叶獐牙菜

6

S. bimaculata (Siebold et Zucc.) Hook. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke

獐牙菜

6

S. diluta (Turcz.) Benth. et Hook. f.

北方獐牙菜

6

S. elata H. Smith

高獐牙菜

6

S. hickinii Bukill

浙江獐牙菜

6

S. macrosperma (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke

大籽獐牙菜

6

S. nervosa (Wall. ex G. Don) C. B. Clarke

显脉獐牙菜

6

S. yunnanensis Burkill

云南獐牙菜

6 6

Tripterospermum 双蝴蝶属 T. chinense (Migo) H. Smith

双蝴蝶

6

T. discoideum (Marq.) H. Smith

湖北双蝴蝶

6

T. filicaule (Hemsl.) H. Smith

细茎双蝴蝶

6

T. nienkui (Marq.) C. J. Wu

香港双蝴蝶

6

T. volubile (D. Don) H. Hara

尼泊尔双蝴蝶

6

287

288

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

98. Geraniaceae 牻牛儿苗科 Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, often palmately or pinnately lobed. Stipulates present. Inflorescence cymes, axillary or terminal, rarely flower solitary. Flowers bisexual, regular, actinomorphic or rarely zygomorphic. Sepals and petals often 5 or 4, imbricate. Stamens 10–15, in 2 whorls. Anthers “T” positioned, longitudinal dehiscent. Ovary superior, often 3–5 carpels, with 1–2 anatropous ovules per carpel. Styles equal to carpels, often upper part free and lower part connate. Fruit a capsule, often beaked, sparsely beaked, l or rarely without beaks, dehiscent or indehiscent, 1 seed per compartment. Pelargonium graveolens 天竺葵 Six genera and ca. 780 species widely distributed in temperate, subtropical, and tropical mountains. Some four genera and 54 species found in China. A total of 23 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 19% (10/54) species and 75% (3/4) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-98

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Geraniaceae

Geraniaceae 牻牛儿苗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

6

Erodium 牻牛儿苗属 E. oxyrrhynchum M. Bieb.

Volume

尖喙牻牛儿苗

6 6

Geranium 老鹳草属 G. carolinianum L.

野老鹳草

6

G. columbinum L.

灰毛老鹳草

6

G. dahuricum DC.

粗根老鹳草

6

G. dalmaticum (Beck) Rech. f.

达尔马提亚老鹳草

6

G. franchetii Kunch

灰岩紫地榆

6

G. hispidissimum (Franch.) R. Knuth

刚毛紫地榆

6

G. nepalense Sweet

尼泊尔老鹳草

6

G. nepalense var. thunbergii (Siebold et Zucc.) Kudo

中日老鹳草

6

G. palmatum Cav.

掌叶老鹳草

6

G. rosthornii R. Knuth

湖北老鹳草

6

G. sibiricum L.

鼠掌老鹳草

6

G. strictipes R. Kunth

紫地榆

6

G. transversale (Kar. et Kir.) Vved.

球根老鹳草

6

G. umbelliforme Franch.

伞花老鹳草

6

G. wilfordii Maxim.

老鹳草

6 6

Pelargonium 天竺葵属 P. domesticum Bailey

家天竺葵

6

P. graveolens L’Hér. ex Aiton

香叶天竺葵

6

P. hortorum Bailey

天竺葵

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

289

continued Geraniaceae 牻牛儿苗科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. inquinans (L.) L’Hér. ex Ait.

小花天竺葵

6

P. odoratissimum (L.) L’Hér.

麝香天竺葵

6

P. peltatum (L.) Ait.

盾叶天竺葵

6

P. radula (Cav.) L’Hér.

菊叶天竺葵

6

P. zonale Ait.

马蹄纹天竺葵

6

99. Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Herbs, annual or perennial. Leaves simple, margin entire, opposite or whorled, or basal clustered. Inflorescences often uniparous cyme or double cymes. Flowers bisexual. Calyx fully or deeply lobed. Stamens 4–5, more or less connate with corolla tube. Pistils 2 carpels. Ovary oblong, linear, ovoid or globular. Fruits often a capsule or indehiscent berry. Seeds small, oval or fusiform. About 133 genera and 3000 species widely occur in Africa, Central and South America, Eastern and Southern Asia, Southern Europe and Oceania. Some 56 genera and ca. 495 species found in Primulina macrorhiz 大根报春苣苔 China. A total of 247 species and 17 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 26% (131/495) species and 71% (40/56) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-99

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Gesneriaceae

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Aeschynanthus 芒毛苣苔属 A. acuminatus Wall. ex A. DC.

芒毛苣苔

6

A. austroyunnanensis W. T. Wang

广西芒毛苣苔

6

A. austroyunnanensis var. guangxiensis (Chun ex W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang

广西芒毛苣苔(变种)

6

A. bracteatus Wall. ex A. DC.

显苞芒毛苣苔

6

A. buxifolius Hemsl.

黄杨叶芒毛苣苔

6

A. flavidus Mendum et P. Woods

袋鼠花

6

A. hookeri C. B. Clarke

束花芒毛苣苔

6

A. humilis Hemsl.

矮芒毛苣苔

6

A. lineatus Craib

线条芒毛苣苔

6

A. longicaulis Wall. ex R. Br.

长茎芒毛苣苔

6

A. mengxingensis W. T. Wang

勐醒芒毛苣苔

6

A. mimetes Burtt

大花芒毛苣苔

6

A. moningeriae (Merr.) Chun

红花芒毛苣苔

6

A. novogracilis W. T. Wang

细芒毛苣苔

6

A. pachytrichus W. T. Wang

粗毛芒毛苣苔

6

290

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. parasiticus B. L. Burtt

寄生芒毛苣苔

6

A. planipetiolatus H. W. Li

扁柄芒毛苣苔

6

A. pulcher (Blume) G. Don

口红花

6

A. radicans Jack

毛萼口红花

6

A. sinolongicalyx W. T. Wang

长萼芒毛苣苔

6

A. superbus Clarke

华丽芒毛苣苔

6

A. tengchungensis W. T. Wang

腾冲芒毛苣苔

6 6

Allocheilos 异唇苣苔属 A. guangxiensis H. Q. Wen, Y. G. Wei et S. H. Zhong

广西异唇苣苔

6

Allostigma 异片苣苔属 A. guangxiensis W. T. Wang

6

异片苣苔

6

A. hekouensis Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen

河口直瓣苣苔

6

A. notochlaenus (Lévl. et Van.) Craib

贵州直瓣苣苔

6

6

Ancylostemon 直瓣苣苔属

6

Anna 大苞苣苔属 A. moltifolia (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang et K. Y. Pan

软叶大苞苣苔

6

A. ophiorrhizoides (Hemsl.) Burtt et Davidson

白花大苞苣苔

6

A. submontana Pellegr.

大苞苣苔

6 6

Beccarinda 横蒴苣苔属 B. tonkinensis (Pellegr.) Burtt

横蒴苣苔

6 6

Boea 旋蒴苣苔属 B. clarkeana Hemsl.

大花旋蒴苣苔

6

B. hygrometrica (Bunge) R. Br.

旋蒴苣苔

6

B. philippensis Clarke

地胆旋蒴苣苔

6 6

Boeica 短筒苣苔属 B. fulva Clarke

短筒苣苔

6

B. guileana Burtt

紫花短筒苣苔

6

B. multinervia K. Y. Pan

多脉短筒苣苔

6

B. porosa Clarke

孔药短筒苣苔

6

B. yunnanensis (H. W. Li) K. Y. Pan

翼柱短筒苣苔

6 6

Bournea 四数苣苔属 B. sinensis Oliv.

四数苣苔

6 6

Briggsia 粗筒苣苔属 B. longifolia Craib

长叶粗筒苣苔

6

B. longipes (Hemsl. ex Oliv.) Craib

盾叶粗筒苣苔

6

B. mihieri (Franch.) Craib

革叶粗筒苣苔

6

B. muscicola (Diels) Craib

藓丛粗筒苣苔

6

B. stewardii Chun

广西粗筒苣苔

6 6

Briggsiopsis 筒花苣苔属 B. delavayi (Franch.) K. Y. Pan

筒花苣苔

6

Calcareoboea 朱红苣苔属 C. coccinea C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li Chrysothemis 金红岩桐属

6

朱红苣苔

6 6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. pulchella (Donn) Decne.

金红花

6 6

Columnea 鲸鱼花属 C. gloriosa Sprague

鲸鱼花

6

C. magnifica Klotzsch ex Oerst.

短裂鲸鱼花

6 6

Corallodiscus 珊瑚苣苔属 C. flabellatus (Craib) B. L. Burtt

石胆草

6

C. lanuginosus (Wall. ex R. Br.) Burtt

珊瑚苣苔

6

C. plicatus (Franch.) Burtt

长柄珊瑚苣苔

6

C. plicatus var. lineatus (Craib) K. Y. Pan

短柄珊瑚苣苔

6 6

Dayaoshania 瑶山苣苔属 D. cotinifolia W. T. Wang

瑶山苣苔

6 6

Didissandra 漏斗苣苔属 D. begoniifolia Lévl.

大苞漏斗苣苔

6

D. sesquifolia Clarke

大叶锣

6 6

Didymocarpus 长蒴苣苔属 D. glandulosus (W. W. Smith) W. T. Wang

腺毛长蒴苣苔

6

D. grandidentatus (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang

大齿长蒴苣苔

6

D. hancei Hemsl.

东南长蒴苣苔

6

D. mengtze W. W. Smith

蒙自长蒴苣苔

6

D. purpureobracteatus W. W. Smith

紫苞长蒴苣苔

6

D. stenanthos C. B. Clarke

狭冠长蒴苣苔

6

D. yunnanensis (Franch.) W. W. Smith

云南长蒴苣苔

6 6

Didymostigma 双片苣苔属 D. obtusum (Clarke) W. T. Wang

双片苣苔

6

Dolicholoma 长檐苣苔属 D. jasminiflorum D. Fang et W. T. Wang

长檐苣苔

喜荫花

6 6

Epithema 盾座苣苔属 E. carnosum (G. Don) Benth.

6 6

Episcia 喜荫花属 E. cupreata (Hook.) Hanst

6

盾座苣苔

6 6

Gloxinia 小岩桐属 G. perennis (L.) Fritsch

紫铃铛

6

G. sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

小岩桐

6 6

Gyrocheilos 圆唇苣苔属 G. chorisepalum W. T. Wang

圆唇苣苔

6 6

Hemiboea 半蒴苣苔属 H. cavaleriei Lévl.

贵州半蒴苣苔

6

H. cavaleriei var. paucinervis W. T. Wang et Z. Y. Li ex Z. Y. Li

疏脉半蒴苣苔

6

H. flaccida Chun ex Z. Y. Li

毛果半蒴苣苔

6

H. follicularis C. B. Clarke

华南半蒴苣苔

6

H. gracilis Franch.

纤细半蒴苣苔

6

H. henryi C. B. Clarke

半蒴苣苔

6

H. longgangensis Z. Y. Li

弄岗半蒴苣苔

6

291

292

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. lungzhouensis W. T. Wang ex Z. Y. Li

龙州半蒴苣苔

6

H. magnibracteata Y. G. Wei et H. Q. Wen

大苞半蒴苣苔

6

H. mollifolia W. T. Wang

柔毛半蒴苣苔

6

H. parviflora Z. Y. Li

小花半蒴苣苔

6

H. rubribracteata Z. Y. Li et Y. Liu

红苞半蒴苣苔

6

H. strigosa Chun ex W. T. Wang

腺毛半蒴苣苔

6

H. subacaulis Hand.-Mazz.

短茎半蒴苣苔

6

H. subcapitata var. pterocaulis Z. Y. Li

翅茎半蒴苣苔

6

H. wangiana Z. Y. Li

王氏半蒴苣苔

6 6

Henckelia 南洋苣苔属 H. anachoreta (Hance) D. J. Middleton et Mich. Möller

光萼汉克丽亚花

6

H. ceratoscyphus (B. L. Burtt) D. J. Middleton et Mich. Möller

角萼汉克丽亚花

6

H. dielsii (Borza) D. J. Middleton et Mich. Möller

圆叶汉克丽亚花

6

H. fasciculiflora (W. T. Wang) D. J. Middleton et Mich. Möller

簇花汉克丽亚花

6

H. forrestii (J. Anthony) D. J. Middleton et Mich. Möller

滇川汉克丽亚花

6

H. macrophylla Spreng.

大叶汉克丽亚花

6

H. pumila (D. Don) A. Dietr.

斑叶汉克丽亚花

6

H. speciosa (Kurz) D. J. Middleton et Mich. Möller

美丽汉克丽亚花

6

Chirita urticifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

麻叶唇柱苣苔

6 6

Isometrum 金盏苣苔属 I. lungshengense (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang et K. Y. Pan

龙胜金盏苣苔

6

I. nanchuanicum K. Y. Pan et Z. Y. Liu

南川金盏苣苔

6 6

Kohleria 艳斑岩桐属 K. amabilis var. bogotensis (G. Nicholson) L. P. Kvist et L. E. Skog

艳斑苣苔

6 6

Lagarosolen 细筒苣苔属 L. coriaceifolium Y. G. Wei

革叶细筒苣苔

6

L. hechiensis Y. G. Wei, Y. Liu et F. Wen

河池细筒苣苔

6

L. integrifolius D. Fang et L. Zeng

全缘叶细筒苣苔

6

L. jingxiensis Y. Liu, H. S. Gao et W. B. Xu

靖西细筒苣苔

6 6

Leptoboea 细蒴苣苔属 L. multiflora (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke

细蒴苣苔

6 6

Loxostigma 紫花苣苔属 L. glabrifolium D. Fang et K. Y. Pan

光叶紫花苣苔

6

L. griffithii (Wight) C. B. Clarke

紫花苣苔

6 6

Lysionotus 吊石苣苔属 L. aeschynanthoides W. T. Wang

桂黔吊石苣苔

6

L. fengshanensis Y. Liu et D. X. Nong

凤山吊石苣苔

6

L. kwangsiensis W. T. Wang

广西吊石苣苔

6

L. longipedunculatus (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang

长梗吊石苣苔

6

L. oblongifolius W. T. Wang

长圆吊石苣苔

6

L. pauciflorus Maxim.

吊石苣苔

6

L. pauciflorus var. latifolius W. T. Wang

宽叶吊石苣苔

6

L. petelotii Pellegr.

细萼吊石苣苔

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. serratus D. Don

齿叶吊石苣苔

6

L. sessilifolius Hand.-Mazz.

短柄吊石苣苔

6

L. wilsonii Rehder

川西吊石苣苔

6 6

Microchirita 钩序苣苔属 M. hamosa (R. Br.) Y. Z. Wang

钩序唇柱苣苔

N. lynchii (Hook. f.) Sprague

紫凤草

6 6

Opithandra 后蕊苣苔属 O. dinghushanensis W. T. Wang

6 6

Nautilocalyx 紫凤草属

鼎湖后蕊苣苔

6 6

Oreocharis 马铃苣苔属 O. amabilis Dunn

马铃苣苔

6

O. argyreia Chun ex K. Y. Pan

紫花马铃苣苔

6

O. argyreia var. angustifolia K. Y. Pan

窄叶马铃苣苔

6

O. aurea Dunn

黄马铃苣苔

6

O. auricula (S. Moore) C. B. Clarke

长瓣马铃苣苔

6

O. benthamii C. B. Clarke

大叶石上莲

6

O. benthamii var. reticulata Dunn

石上莲

6

O. henryana Oliv.

川滇马铃苣苔

6

O. maximowiczii Clarke

大花石上莲

6

O. nemoralis var. lanata Y. L. Zheng et N. H. Xia

绵毛马铃苣苔

6

O. sericea (Lévl.) Lévl.

绢毛马铃苣苔

6

O. tubicella Franch.

管花马铃苣苔

6

O. xiangguiensis W. T. Wang et K. Y. Pan

湘桂马铃苣苔

6 6

Ornithoboea 喜鹊苣苔属 O. calcicola C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li

灰岩喜鹊苣苔

6

O. henryi Craib

喜鹊苣苔

6

O. wildeana Craib

滇桂喜鹊苣苔

6 6

Paraboea 蛛毛苣苔属 P. clavisepala D. Fang et D. H. Qin

棒萼蛛毛苣苔

6

P. dictyoneura (Hance) Burtt

网脉蛛毛苣苔

6

P. guilinensis L. Xu et Y. G. Wei

桂林蛛毛苣苔

6

P. neurophylla (Collett et Hemsl.) B. L. Burtt

云南蛛毛苣苔

6

P. nutans D. Fang et D. H. Qin

垂花蛛毛苣苔

6

P. peltifolia D. Fang et L. Zeng

盾叶蛛毛苣苔

6

P. rongxiana F. Wen et Y. G. Wei

容县蛛毛苣苔

6

P. rufescens (Franch.) B. L. Burtt

锈色蛛毛苣苔

6

P. rufescens var. umbellata (Drake) K. Y. Pan

伞花蛛毛苣苔

6

P. sinensis (Oliv.) B. L. Burtt

蛛毛苣苔

6

P. swinhoii (Hance) B. L. Burtt

锥序蛛毛苣苔

6

P. thirionii (Lévl) B. L. Burtt

小花蛛毛苣苔

6

P. trisepala W. H. Chen et Y. M. Shui

三萼蛛毛苣苔

6 6

Paraisometrum 弥勒苣苔属 P. mileense W. T. Wang

弥勒苣苔

6

293

294

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Petrocodon 石山苣苔属 P. angustifolia Y. G. Wei

狭叶石山苣苔

6

P. dealbatus Hance

石山苣苔

6

P. ferrugineus Y. G. Wei

锈色石山苣苔

6 6

Petrocosmea 石蝴蝶属 P. barbata Craib

髯毛石蝴蝶

6

P. cavaleriei Lévl.

贵州石蝴蝶

6

P. coerulea C. Y. Wu ex W. T. Wang

蓝石蝴蝶

6

P. duclouxii Craib

石蝴蝶

6

P. flaccida Craib

萎软石蝴蝶

6

P. forrestii Craib

大理石蝴蝶

6

P. grandifolia W. T. Wang

大叶石蝴蝶

6

P. hexiensis S. Z. Zhang et Z. Y. Liu

合溪石蝴蝶

6

P. iodioides Hemsl.

蒙自石蝴蝶

6

P. kerrii Craib

滇泰石蝴蝶

6

P. mairei Lévl.

东川石蝴蝶

6

P. martinii (Lévl.) Lévl.

滇黔石蝴蝶

6

P. menglianensis H. W. Li

孟连石蝴蝶

6

P. minor Hemsl.

小石蝴蝶

6

P. oblata Craib

扁圆石蝴蝶

6

P. rosettifolia C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li

莲座石蝴蝶

6

P. sericea C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li

丝毛石蝴蝶

6

P. sinensis Oliv.

中华石蝴蝶

6 6

Primulina 报春苣苔属 P. baishouensis (Y. G. Wei, H. Q. Wen et S. H. Zhong) Y. Z. Wang

百寿报春苣苔

6

P. bipinnatifida (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang et J. M. Li

羽裂小花报春苣苔

6

P. brachystigma (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

短头报春苣苔

6

P. brachytricha (W. T. Wang et D. Y. Chen) R. B. Mao et Y. Z. Wang

短毛报春苣苔

6

P. brassicoides (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

芥状报春苣苔

6

P. carnosifolia (C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li) Y. Z. Wang

肉叶报春苣苔

6

P. cordifolia (D. Fang et W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

心叶报春苣苔

6

P. cyrtocarpa (D. Fang et L. Zeng) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

弯果报春苣苔

6

P. eburnea (Hance) Y. Z. Wang

牛耳朵

6

P. fimbrisepala (Hand.-Mazz.) Y. Z. Wang

蚂蝗七

6

P. fimbrisepala var. mollis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

密毛蚂蟥七

6

P. flavimaculata (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

黄斑报春苣苔

6

P. fordii (Hemsl.) Y. Z. Wang

桂粤报春苣苔

6

P. glandulosa (D. Fang, L. Zeng et D. H. Qin) Y. Z. Wang

紫腺报春苣苔

6

P. glandulosa var. yangshuoensis F. Wen, Y. Wang et Q. X. Zhang

阳朔报春苣苔

6

P. gueilinensis (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang et Y. Liu

桂林报春苣苔

6

P. guihaiensis (Y. G. Wei, B. Pan et W. X. Tang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

桂海报春苣苔

6

P. hedyotidea (Chun) Y. Z. Wang

肥牛草

6

P. heterotricha (Merr.) Y. Dong et Y. Z. Wang

烟叶报春苣苔

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. hochiensis (C. C. Huang et X. X. Chen) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

河池报春苣苔

6

P. jingxiensis (Y. Liu, W. B. Xu et H. S. Gao) W. B. Xu et K. F. Chung

靖西报春苣苔

6

P. laxiflora (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

疏花报春苣苔

6

P. liboensis (W. T. Wang et D. Y. Chen) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

荔波报春苣苔

6

P. liguliformis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

舌柱报春苣苔

6

P. lijiangensis (B. Pan et W. B. Xu) W. B. Xu et K. F. Chung

漓江报春苣苔

6

P. linearifolia (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

线叶报春苣苔

6

P. lingchuanensis (Y. Liu et Y. G. Wei) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

灵川报春苣苔

6

P. lobulata (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

浅裂报春苣苔

6

P. longgangensis (W. T. Wang) Y. Liu et Y. Z. Wang

弄岗报春苣苔

6

P. longicalyx (J. M. Li et Y. Z. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

长萼报春苣苔

6

P. longii (Z. Y. Li) Z. Y. Li

龙氏报春苣苔

6

P. lunglinensis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

隆林报春苣苔

6

P. lunglinensis var. amblyosepala (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

钝萼报春苣苔

6

P. lungzhouensis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

龙州报春苣苔

6

P. luochengensis (Y. Liu et W. B. Xu) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

罗城报春苣苔

6

P. lutea (Y. Liu et Y. G. Wei) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

黄花牛耳朵

6

P. macrodonta (D. Fang et D. H. Qin) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

粗齿报春苣苔

6

P. macrorhiza (D. Fang et D. H. Qin) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

大根报春苣苔

6

P. medica (D. Fang) Y. Z. Wang

药用报春苣苔

6

P. minutihamata (D. Wood) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

多痕报春苣苔

6

P. minutimaculata (D. Fang et W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

微斑报春苣苔

6

P. mollifolia (D. Fang et W. T. Wang) J. M. Li et Y. Z. Wang

密毛报春苣苔

6

P. nandanensis (S. X. Huang, Y. G. Wei et W. H. Luo) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

南丹报春苣苔

6

P. napoensis (Z. Y. Li) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

那坡报春苣苔

6

P. ningmingensis (Y. Liu et W. H. Wu) W. B. Xu et K. F. Chung

宁明报春苣苔

6

P. ophiopogoides (D. Fang et W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

条叶报春苣苔

6

P. pinnatifida (Hand.-Mazz.) Y. Z. Wang

羽裂报春苣苔

6

P. polycephala (Chun) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

多亭报春苣苔

6

P. pseudoeburnea (D. Fang et W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

紫纹报春苣苔

6

P. pteropoda (W. T. Wang) Y. Liu

翅柄报春苣苔

6

P. pungentisepala (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

尖萼报春苣苔

6

P. renifolia (D. Fang et D. H. Qin) J. M. Li et Y. Z. Wang

文采报春苣苔

6

P. repanda (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

小花报春苣苔

6

P. repanda var. guilinensis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

桂林小花苣苔

6

P. ronganensis (D. Fang et Y. G. Wei) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

融安报春苣苔

6

P. rongshuiensis (Y. Liu et Y. S. Huang) W. B. Xu et K. F. Chung

融水报春苣苔

6

P. sclerophylla (W. T. Wang) Y. Liu

硬叶报春苣苔

6

P. shouchengensis (Z. Y. Li) Z. Y. Li

寿城报春苣苔

6

P. sinensis (Dunn) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

唇柱报春苣苔

6

P. spinulosa (D. Fang et W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

刺齿报春苣苔

6

P. subrhomboidea (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

菱叶报春苣苔

6

P. subulata (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

钻丝报春苣苔

6

295

296

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gesneriaceae 苦苣苔科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. subulata var. yangchunensis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

阳春报春苣苔

6

P. swinglei (Merr.) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

钟冠报春苣苔

6

P. tabacum Hance

报春苣苔

6

P. tamiana (B. L. Burtt) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

流鼻涕

6

P. tenuifolia (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

薄叶报春苣苔

6

P. tenuituba (W. T. Wang) Y. Z. Wang

神农架报春苣苔

6

P. tiandengensis (F. Wen et H. Tang) F. Wen et K. F. Chung

天等报春苣苔

6

P. tribracteata (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

三苞报春苣苔

6

P. varicolor (D. Fang et D. H. Qin) Y. Z. Wang

变色报春苣苔

6

P. verecunda (Chun) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

齿萼报春苣苔

6

P. weii Mich. Möller et A. Weber

软叶报春苣苔

6

P. wentsaii (D. Fang et L. Zeng) Y. Z. Wang

文采苣苔

6

P. xiziae F. Wen, Y. Wang et G. J. Hua

西子报春苣苔

6

P. yungfuensis (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller et A. Weber

永福报春苣苔

6 6

Pseudochirita 异裂苣苔属 P. guangxiensis (S. Z. Huang) W. T. Wang

异裂苣苔

6

P. guangxiensis var. glauca Y. G. Wei et Y. Liu

粉绿异裂苣苔

6 6

Raphiocarpus 漏斗苣苔属 R. macrosiphon (Hance) B. L. Burtt

长筒漏斗苣苔

6

R. sinicus Chun

无毛漏斗苣苔

6 6

Rhabdothamnopsis 长冠苣苔属 R. chinensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.

长冠苣苔

6

R. chinensis var. ochroleuca (W. W. Smith) Hand.-Mazz.

黄白长冠苣苔

6 6

Rhynchoglossum 尖舌苣苔属 R. obliquum Blume

尖舌苣苔

6 6

Rhynchotechum 线柱苣苔属 R. ellipticum (Wall. ex D. F. N. Dietr.) A. DC.

线柱苣苔

6

R. vestitum Wall. ex C. B. Clarke

毛线柱苣苔

6 6

Saintpaulia 非洲堇属 S. ionantha H. Wendl

非洲紫罗兰

S. speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern

6 6

Sinningia 大岩桐属 大岩桐

6 6

Streptocarpus 海角苣苔属 S. rexii (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl.

扭果花

6

S. saxorum Engl.

海豚花

6 6

Tremacron 短檐苣苔属 T. begoniifolium H. W. Li

景东短檐苣苔

6

Trisepalum 唇萼苣苔属 T. birmanicum (Craib) B. L. Burtt

6

唇萼苣苔

6 6

Whytockia 异叶苣苔属 W. chiritiflora (Oliv.) W. W. Smith

异叶苣苔

6

W. purpurascens Y. Z. Wang

紫红异叶苣苔

6

W. tsiangiana (Hand.-Mazz.) A. Weber

白花异叶苣苔

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

100. Goodeniaceae 草海桐科 Herbs or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate. Flowers bisexual, solitary or arranged in racemes to panicles. Stamens 5, often free from corolla, glabrous. Ovary inferior. Style styloid. Fruit often a lobed capsule or a drupe or nut, with persistent calyx. Seeds with endosperm. Twelve genera and ca. 400 species widespread pantropically, extending into subtropics, the greatest diversity of the family in Australia. Two genera and three species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A number of 33% (1/3) species and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-100

Scaevola taccada 草海桐

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Goodeniaceae

Goodeniaceae 草海桐科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Scaevola 草海桐属 S. taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.

草海桐

101. Gramineae 禾本科 Tall bamboos, or herbs, annual to perennial. Stem often basal branching, cylindrical, nodular, internodes hollow, sometimes solid. Leaves alternate, often arranged in two rows, with sheath, ligule, parallelly veined with small transverse veins. Flowers often spikelets, 1 to many, sessile, basal with 2 glumes. Glumes and florets aggregated into spikes, racemes or panicles. Flowers perfect, small but not conspicuous, bisexual, rarely unisexual. Perianth 2 to 3, degenerated into transparent or fleshy scales, wrapped by lemma (outer bract) and palea (inner bract), sometimes palea absent. Stamens 3 or 6. Pistil carpel 1. Styles 2. Stigma feathery. Ovary superior, locule 1, apical or basal placenta. Fruit often caryopsis. About 700 genera and 11,000 species widely occur over the world. Some 28 tribes, 226 genera and 1795 species found in China. A total of 568 species, two subspecies, 46 varieties

Gigantochloa levis 毛笋竹

6

297

298

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

and 23 forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 24% (431/1795) species and 72% (162/226) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-101

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Gramineae

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

×. tranquillans f. shiroshima H. Okamura

Volume 6

× Hibanobambusa 阴阳竹属 白纹阴阳竹

6 6

Achnatherum 芨芨草属 A. henryi (Rendle) S. M. Phillips et Z. L. Wu

湖北落芒草

6

A. inebrians (Hance) Keng

醉马草

6

A. splendens (Trin.) Nevski

芨芨草

6 6

Acidosasa 酸竹属 A. edulis Wen

黄甜竹

6

A. gigantea (Wen) Q. Z. Xie et W. Y. Zhang

橄榄竹

6

A. lingchuanensis (C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao) Q. Z. Xie et X. Y. Chen

灵川酸竹

6

A. venusta (Mcchire) Wang et Ye

黎竹

6 6

Acroceras 凤头黍属 A. munroanum (Balansa) Henr.

凤头黍

6 6

Aeluropus 獐毛属 A. pungens (M. Bieb.) C. Koch

小獐毛

6

A. sinensis (Debeaux) Tzvel.

獐毛

6 6

Agrostis 剪股颖属 A. gigantea Roth

巨序剪股颖

6

A. matsumurae Hack. ex Honda

剪股颖

6

A. sibirica V. Petr.

西伯利亚剪股颖

6

A. transmorrisonensis Hayata

台湾剪股颖

6 6

Alloteropsis 毛颖草属 A. semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc.

毛颖草

6 6

Alopecurus 看麦娘属 A. aequalis Sobol.

看麦娘

6

A. arundinaceus Poir.

苇状看麦娘

6

A. japonicus Steud.

日本看麦娘

6 6

Ampelocalamus 悬竹属 A. actinotrichus (Merr. et Chun) S. L. Chen et al.

射毛悬竹

A. yunnanensis Hack.

须芒草

6 6

Apluda 水蔗草属 A. mutica L.

6 6

Andropogon 须芒草属

水蔗草

6 6

Aristida 三芒草属 A. adscensionis L.

三芒草

6

A. grandiglumis Roshev.

大颖三芒草

6

A. pennata Trin.

羽毛三芒草

6 6

Arrhenatherum 燕麦草属 A. elatius var. bulbosum (Willd.) Hyland f. variegatum Hitchc.

银边草

6

A. elatius (L.) Presl

燕麦草

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 6

Arthraxon 荩草属 A. hispidus (Thunb.) Makino

荩草

6

A. hispidus var. centrasiaticus (Griseb.) Honda

中亚荩草

6

A. lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst.

矛叶荩草

6 6

Arundinella 野古草属 A. anomala Steud.

野古草

6

A. bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce

孟加拉野古草

6

A. fluviatilis Hand.-Mazz.

溪边野古草

6

A. hirta (Thunb.) C. Tamaka

毛杆野古草

6

A. hondana (Koidz.) B. S. Sun et Z. H. Hu

庐山野古草

6

A. nepalensis Trin

石芒草

6

A. nodosa B. S. Sun et Z. H. Hu

多节野古草

6 6

Arundo 芦竹属 A. donax L.

芦竹

6

A. donax var. versiocolor Stokes

花叶芦竹

6 6

Avena 燕麦属 A. fatua L.

野燕麦

6

Axonopus 地毯草属 A. compressus (Sw.) Beauv.

6

地毯草

6 6

Bambusa 簕竹属 B. albo-lineata Chia

花竹

6

B. arundinacea (Retz.) Willd

印度簕竹

6

B. blumeana Schult. f.

簕竹

6

B. boniopsis McClure

妈竹

6

B. cerosissima McClure

单竹

6

B. cerosissima var. glabra R. S. Lin et J. B. Ni

光箨细粉单竹

6

B. chungii McClure

粉单竹

6

B. chungii var. velatina T. P. Yi et J. Y. Shi

天鹅绒竹

6

B. contracta Chia et H. L. Fung

破篾黄竹

6

B. corniculata Chia et H. L. Fung

东兴黄竹

6

B. cornigera McClure

牛角竹

6

B. diaoluoshanensis Chia et H. L. Fung

吊罗坭竹

6

B. dissimulator var. hispida McClure

毛簕竹

6

B. distegia (Keng et Keng f.) Chia et H. L. Fung

料慈竹

6

B. dolichoclada Hayata

长枝竹

6

B. duriuscula W. T. Lin

蓬莱黄竹

6

B. emeiensis Chia et H. L. Fung

慈竹

6

B. eutuldoides McClure

大眼竹

6

B. eutuldoides var. basistriata McClure

银丝大眼竹

6

B. eutuldoides var. viridi-vittata (W. T. Lin) L. C. Chia

青丝黄竹

6

B. flexuosa Munro

小簕竹

6

B. funghomii McClure

鸡窦簕竹

6

B. gibba McClure

坭竹

6

B. gibboides W. T. Lin

鱼肚腩竹

6

B. guangxiensis Chia et H. L. Fung

桂单竹

6

299

300

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. hainanensis Chia et H. L. Fung

藤单竹

6

B. hirticaulis R. S. Lin

毛秆竹

6

B. indigena Chia et H. L. Fung

乡土竹

6

B. insularis Chia et H. L. Fung

黎庵高竹

6

B. intermedia Hsueh et Yi

绵竹

6

B. lapidea McClure

油簕竹

6

B. longispiculata Gamble

花眉竹

6

B. multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult.

孝顺竹

6

B. multiplex var. incana B. M. Yang

毛凤凰竹

6

B. multiplex var. riviereorum R. Maire

观音竹

6

B. mutabilis McClure

黄竹仔

6

B. nutans Wall. ex Munro

俯竹

6

B. pachinensis Hayata

米筛竹

6

B. pachinensis var. hirsutissima (Odashima) W. C. Lin

长毛米筛竹

6

B. pallida Munro

大薄竹

6

B. papillata (Q. H. Dai) Q. H. Dai

水单竹

6

B. pervariabilis McClure

撑篙竹

6

B. pervariabilis var. viridistriata Q. H. Dai et X. C. Liu

花撑篙竹

6

B. piscatorum McClure

石竹仔

6

B. polymorpha Munro

灰秆竹

6

B. prominens H. L. Fung et C. Y. Sia

牛儿竹

6

B. remotiflora Kuntze

甲竹

6

B. rigida Keng et Keng f.

硬头黄竹

6

B. sinospinosa McClure

车筒竹

6

B. subtruncata Chia et H. L. Fung

信宜石竹

6

B. surrecta (Q. H. Dai) Q. H. Dai

油竹

6

B. textilis McClure

青皮竹

6

B. textilis var. glabra McClure

光竿青皮竹

6

B. textilis var. gracilis McClure

崖州竹

6

B. tulda Roxb.

马甲竹

6

B. tuldoides Munro

青竿竹

6

B. ventricosa McClure

佛肚竹

6

B. vulgaris Schrader ex Wendland

龙头竹

6

B. xiashanensis Chia et H. L. Fung

霞山坭竹

6

B. xueliniana R. S. Lin et C. H. Zheng

学琳黄竹

6 6

Bashania 巴山木竹属 B. fargesii (E. G. Camus) Keng f. et Yi

巴山木竹

6 6

Bothriochloa 孔颖草属 B. bladhii (Retz.) S. T. Blake

臭根子草

6

B. ischaemum (L.) Keng

白羊草

6

B. yunnanensis W. Z. Fang

云南孔颖草

6 6

Brachiaria 臂形草属 B. mutica (Forsk.) Stapf

巴拉草

6

B. subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc.

四生臂形草

6

B. villosa var. glabrata S. L. Chen et Y. X. Jin

无毛臂形草

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

6

Brachystachyum 短穗竹属 B. densiflorum (Rendle) Keng

短穗竹

6 6

Briza 凌风草属 B. maxima L.

Volume

大凌风草

6 6

Bromus 雀麦属 B. inermis Leyss.

无芒雀麦

6

B. japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.

雀麦

6

B. remotiflorus (Steud.) Ohwi

疏花雀麦

6

B. rigidus Roth.

硬雀麦

6 6

Buchloe 野牛草属 B. dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.

野牛草

6 6

Calamagrostis 拂子茅属 C. arundinacea (L.) Roth

糙毛野青茅

6

C. epigeios (L.) Roth

拂子茅

6

C. pseudophragmites (Hall. f.) Koel

假苇拂子茅

6 6

Capillipedium 细柄草属 C. assimile (Steud.) A. Camus

硬秆子草

6

C. parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf.

细柄草

6 6

Catabrosa 沿沟草属 C. aquatica (L.) Beauv.

沿沟草

6

Centotheca 酸模芒属 C. lappacea (L.) Desv.

6

酸模芒

6 6

Cephalostachyum 空竹属 C. fuchsianum Gamble

空竹

6

C. pergracile Munro

糯竹

6

C. virgatum (Munro) Kurz

金毛空竹

6 6

Chasmanthium 小盼草属 C. latifolium (Michx.) Yates

小盼草

6 6

Chimonobambusa 寒竹属 C. angustufolia C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

狭叶方竹

6

C. convulata Q. H. Dai et X. L. Tao

小方竹

6

C. damingshanensis Hsueh

大明山方竹

6

C. marmorea (Mitford) Makino

寒竹

6

C. neopurpurea Yi

刺黑竹

6

C. ningnanica Hsueh et L. Z. Gao

宁南方竹

6

C. quadrangularis (Fenzi) Makino

方竹

6

C. utilis (Keng) Keng f.

金佛山方竹

6

C. yunnanensis Hsueh et W. P. Zhang

云南方竹

6 6

Chimonocalamus 香竹属 C. delicatus Hsueh et Yi

香竹

6

Chionachne 葫芦草属 C. gigantea (J. Koenig) Veldkamp

6

野薏仁

6 6

Chloris 虎尾草属 C. anomala B. S. Sun et Z. H. Hu

异序虎尾草

6

C. virgata Swartz.

虎尾草

6

301

302

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

竹节草

6

6

Chrysopogon 金须茅属 C. aciculatus (Retz.) Trin.

6

Chusquea 丘竹属 C. coronalis Soderstr. et C. E. Calderon C. liebmannii E. Fourn.

6 利布曼丘竹

6

Coelachne 小丽草属 C. simpliciuscula (Wight et Arn.) Munro ex Benth.

6

小丽草

6 6

Coix 薏苡属 C. aquatica Roxb.

水生薏苡

6

C. lacryma-jobi L.

薏苡

6

C. lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf

大籽薏仁

6 6

Cortaderia 蒲苇属 C. selloana (Schult. et Schult. f.) Asch. et Graebn.

蒲苇

6

Crypsis 隐花草属 C. aculeata (L.) Ait.

6

隐花草

6 6

Cymbopogon 香茅属 C. caesius (Nees ex Hook. et Arn.) Stapf

青香茅

6

C. citratus (DC.) Stapf

香茅

6

C. distans (Nees) Wats.

芸香草

6

C. goeringii (Steud.) A. Camus

橘草

6

C. hamatulus (Nees ex Hook. et Arn.) A. Camus

扭鞘香茅

6

C. nardus (L.) Rendle

亚香茅

6

C. winterianus Jowitt

枫茅

6 6

Cynodon 狗牙根属 C. arcuatus J. S. Presl ex Presl

弯穗狗牙根

6

C. dactylon (L.) Pers.

狗牙根

6

C. nlemfuensis Vanderyst

长颖星草

6

C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy

非洲狗牙根

6 6

Cyrtococcum 弓果黍属 C. patens (L.) A. Camus

弓果黍

6

Dactylis 鸭茅属 D. glomerata L.

鸭茅

6 6

Dactyloctenium 龙爪茅属 D. aegyptium (L.) Willd.

6

龙爪茅

6 6

Dendrocalamopsis 绿竹属 D. basihirsuta (McClure) Keng f. ex W. T. Lin

苦绿竹

6

D. beecheyana (Munro) Keng f.

吊丝球竹

6

D. beecheyana var. pubescens (P. F. Li) Keng f.

大头典竹

6

D. bicicatricata (W. T. Lin) Keng f.

孟竹

6

D. daii Keng f.

大绿竹

6

D. edulis (Odash.) Keng f.

乌脚绿竹

6

D. oldhami (Munro) Keng f.

绿竹

6

D. oldhami f. revoluta W. T. Lin

花头黄

6

D. stenoaurita (W. T. Lin) Keng

黄麻竹

6

D. validus Q. H. Dai

壮绿竹

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. vario-striata (W. T. Lin) Keng f.

吊丝单

6 6

Dendrocalamus 牡竹属 D. asper Backer ex Heyhe

马来龙竹

6

D. bambusoides Hsueh et D. Z. Li

椅子竹

6

D. barbatus Hsueh et D. Z. Li

小叶龙竹

6

D. barbatus var. internodiiradicatus Hsueh et D. Z. Li

毛脚龙竹

6

D. birmanicus A. Camus

缅甸龙竹

6

D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz

勃氏甜龙竹

6

D. calostachyus (Kurz) Kurz

美穗龙竹

6

D. farinosus (Keng et Keng f.) Chia et H. L. Fung

大叶慈竹

6

D. fugongensis Hsueh et D. Z. Li

福贡龙竹

6

D. giganteus Munro

龙竹

6

D. hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro

版纳甜龙竹

6

D. hookeri Munro

虎克龙竹

6

D. latiflorus Munro

麻竹

6

D. membranaceus Munro

黄竹

6

D. membranaceus f. fimbriligulatus Hsueh et D. Z. Li

流苏黄竹

6

D. membranaceus f. pilosus Hsuch et D. Z. Li

毛竿黄竹

6

D. membranaceus f. striatus Hsueh et D. Z. Li

花竿黄竹

6

D. menglongensis Hsueh et K. L. Wang ex N. H. Xia

勐龙牡竹

6

D. minor (McClure) L. C. Chia et H. L. Fung

吊丝竹

6

D. minor var. amoenus (Q. H. Dai et C. F. Huang) Hsueh et D. Z. Li

花吊丝竹

6

D. pachystachys Hsueh et D. Z. Li

粗穗龙竹

6

D. peculiaris Hsuch

金平龙竹

6

D. pulverulentus L. C. Chia

粉麻竹

6

D. rongchengensis (T. P. Yi et C. Y. Sia) D. Z. Li

龙丹竹

6

D. sapidus Q. H. Dal et D. Y. Huang

清甜竹

6

D. semiscandens Hsueh et D. Z. Li

野龙竹

6

D. sikkimensis Gamble ex Oliver

锡金龙竹

6

D. sikkimensis var. tumidus K. L. Wang

突节龙竹

6

D. sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun

歪脚龙竹

6

D. sinicus f. aequatus K. L. Wang

平节龙竹

6

D. sinicus var. fimbrligulatus K. L. Wang

弯竿龙竹

6

D. strictus (Roxb.) Nees

牡竹

6

D. yunnanicus Hsueh et D. Z. Li

云南龙竹

6 6

Deschampsia 发草属 D. caespitosa (L.) Beauv.

发草

6

Deyeuxia 野青茅属 D. arundinacea var. laxiflora Rendle

疏花野青茅

6 6

Dichanthium 双花草属 D. annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf

6

双花草

6 6

Digitaria 马唐属 D. ciliaris (Retz.) Koele.

升马唐

6

D. ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhlenb.

止血马唐

6

D. longiflora (Retz.) Pers.

长花马唐

6

303

304

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. microbachne (Presl) Henr.

短颖马唐

6

D. radicosa (Presl) Miq.

红尾翎

6

D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop.

马唐

6

D. violascens Link

紫马唐

6 6

Dimeria 觿茅属 D. ornithopoda Trin

觿茅

6 6

Drepanostachyum 镰序竹属 D. microphyllum (Hsueh et Yi) Keng f. ex Yi

坝竹

6

D. scandens (Hsueh et W. D. Li) Keng f. ex Yi

爬竹

6

D. stoloniforme S. H. Chen et Z. Z. Wang

匍匐镰序竹

6 6

Echinochloa 稗属 E. caudata Roshev.

长芒稗

6

E. colonum (L.) Link

光头稗

6

E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv.

稗

6

E. cruspavonis (H. B. K.) Schult.

孔雀稗

6

E. hispidula (Retz.) Nees

旱稗

6 6

Eleusine 穇属 E. coracana (L.) Gaertn.

穇子

6

E. indica (L.) Gaertn.

牛筋草

6 6

Elymus 披碱草属 E. sibiricus L.

老芒麦

E. repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski

偃麦草

6 6

Elytrophorus 总苞草属 E. spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus

6 6

Elytrigia 偃麦草属

总苞草

6 6

Eragrostis 画眉草属 E. atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud.

鼠妇草

6

E. cilianensis (All.) Link. ex Vignclo-Lutati

大画眉草

6

E. curvula (Schrad.) Nees

弯叶画眉草

6

E. ferruginea (Thunb.) Beauv.

知风草

6

E. japonica (Thunb.) Trin.

乱草

6

E. minor Host.

小画眉草

6

E. perennans Keng

宿根画眉草

6

E. perlaxa Keng ex Keng f. et L. Liou

疏穗画眉草

6

E. pilosa (L.) Beauv.

画眉草

6

E. pilosa var. imberbis Franch.

无毛画眉草

6

E. pilosissima Link

多毛知风草

6

E. tenella (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. et Schult.

鲫鱼草

6

E. unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.

牛虱草

6

E. zeylanica Nees et Mey.

长画眉草

6 6

Eremochloa 蜈蚣草属 E. ciliaris (L.) Merr.

蜈蚣草

6

E. ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.

假俭草

6

E. zeylanica Hack.

马陆草

6

Eriachne 鹧鸪草属

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. pallescens R. Br.

鹧鸪草

6 6

Erianthus 蔗茅属 E. ravennae (L.) Beauv.

沙生蔗茅

6

E. rockii Keng

滇蔗草

6

E. rufipilus (Steud.) Griseb.

蔗茅

6 6

Eriochloa 野黍属 E. procera (Retz.) C. E. Hubb.

高野黍

6

E. villosa (Thunb.) Kunth.

野黍

6 6

Eulalia 金茅属 E. quadrinervis (Thunb.) Kunth.

四脉金茅

6

E. speciosa (Debeaux) Kunth.

金茅

6 6

Eulaliopsis 拟金茅属 E. binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubb.

拟金茅

6 6

Fargesia 箭竹属 F. altior Yi

船竹

6

F. dracocephala Yi

龙头箭竹

6

F. nitida (Mitford) Keng f. ex T. P. Yi

华西箭竹

6

F. papyrifera Yi

云龙箭竹

6

F. plurisetosa Wen

密毛箭竹

6

F. spathacea Franch.

箭竹

6

F. yunnanensis Hsueh et Yi

昆明实心竹

6 6

Ferrocalamus 铁竹属 F. rimosivaginus T. H. Wen

裂箨铁竹

6

F. strictus Hsueh et Keng f.

铁竹

6 6

Festuca 羊茅属 F. arundinacea Schreb.

苇状羊茅

6

F. elata Keng ex E. Alexeev

高羊茅

6

F. elatior L.

欧洲羊茅

6

F. filiformis C. Sm. ex Link

细叶羊茅

6

F. glauca Vill.

蓝羊茅

6

F. mazzetiana E. Alexeev

昆明羊茅

6

F. ovina L.

羊茅

6

F. parvigluma Steud.

小颖羊茅

6

F. rubra L.

紫羊茅

6 6

Garnotia 耳稃草属 G. mutica (Munro) Druce

无芒耳稃草

6

G. patula (Munro) Benth.

耳稃草

6

G. triseta Hitchc.

三芒耳稃草

6 6

Gigantochloa 巨竹属 G. albociliata (Munro) Kurz

白毛巨竹

6

G. apus (Schult.) Kurz

爪哇巨竹

6

G. felix (Keng) Keng f.

滇竹

6

G. levis (Blanco) Merr.

毛笋竹

6

G. ligulata Gamble

长舌巨竹

6

G. nigrociliata (Büse) Kurz

黑毛巨竹

6

305

306

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. parviflora (Keng f.) Keng f.

南峤滇竹

6

G. rostrata K. M. Wong

琴丝滇竹

6

G. scortechinii Gamble

小黑竹

6

G. verticillata (Willd.) Munro

花巨竹

6 6

Glyceria 甜茅属 G. acutiflora (Steud.) T. Koyama et Kawano

甜茅

6

G. leptolepis Ohwi

假鼠妇草

6

G. maxima (Hartm.) Holmb.

水甜茅

6 6

Guadua 瓜多竹属 G. angustifolia Kunth

瓜多竹

6

G. angustifolia ssp. chacoensis (Rojas Acosta) S. M. Young et W. S. Judd

条纹瓜多竹

6 6

Hackelochloa 球穗草属 H. granularis (L.) Kuntze

球穗草

6 6

Hemarthria 牛鞭草属 H. altissima (Poir.) Stapf et C. E. Hubb

牛鞭草

6

H. compressa (L. f.) R. Br.

扁穗牛鞭草

6 6

Heteropogon 黄茅属 H. contortus (L.) Beauv.

黄茅

6 6

Hierochloe 茅香属 H. australis (Schrad.) Roem. et Schult.

澳大利亚茅香

6

H. glabra Trin.

光稃香草

6

H. odorata (L.) Beauv.

茅香

6

H. odorata var. pubescens Kryl.

毛鞘茅香

6 6

Holcus 绒毛草属 H. lanatus L.

绒毛草

6

Hordeum 大麦属 H. bulbosum L.

球茎大麦

水禾

膜稃草

苞茅

猬草

6 6

Ichnanthus 距花黍属 I. vicinus (F. M. Bail.) Merr.

6 6

Hystrix 猬草属 H. duthiei (Stapf) Bor

6 6

Hyparrhenia 苞茅属 H. bracteata (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Stapf

6 6

Hymenachne 膜稃草属 H. acutigluma (Steud.) Gill.

6 6

Hygroryza 水禾属 H. aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight et Arn.

6

距花黍

6 6

Imperata 白茅属 I. cylindrica (L.) Beauv.

白茅

6

I. koenigii (Retz.) Beauv.

丝茅

6 6

Indocalamus 箬竹属 I. barbatus McClure

髯毛箬竹

6

I. decorus Q. H. Dai

美丽箬竹

6

I. guangdongensis Zhao et Yang

广东箬竹

6

I. herklotsii McClure

粽巴箬竹

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. latifolius (Keng) McClure

阔叶箬竹

6

I. longiauritus Hand.-Mazz.

箬叶竹

6

I. pedalis (Keng) Keng f.

矮箬竹

6

I. pumilus Q. H. Dai et C. F. Huang

小箬竹

6

I. tessellatus (Munro) Keng f.

箬竹

6

I. victorialis Keng f.

胜利箬竹

6

I. wuxiensis Yi

巫溪箬竹

6 6

Indosasa 大节竹属 I. angustata McClure

甜大节竹

6

I. glabrata C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

算盘竹

6

I. glabrata var. albo-hispidula (Dai et Huang) Chao et Chu

毛算盘竹

6

I. hispida McClure

浦竹仔

6

I. ingens Hsueh et Yi

粗穗大节竹

6

I. shibataeaoides McClure

摆竹

6

I. singulispicula T. H. Wen

单穗大节竹

6

I. sinica C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

中华大节竹

6 6

Isachne 柳叶箬属 I. albens Trin.

白花柳叶箬

6

I. dispar Trin.

二型柳叶箬

6

I. globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze

柳叶箬

6

I. miliacea Roth ex Roem.

类黍柳叶箬

6

I. nipponensis Ohwi

日本柳叶箬

6

I. repens Keng

匍匐柳叶箬

6

I. truncata A. Camus

平颖柳叶箬

6 6

Ischaemum 鸭嘴草属 I. anthephoroides (Steud.) Miq.

毛鸭嘴草

6

I. aristatum L.

有芒鸭嘴草

6

I. barbatum Retz.

粗毛鸭嘴草

6

I. indicum (Houtt.) Merr.

细毛鸭嘴草

6

I. rugosum Salisb.

田间鸭嘴草

6 6

Leersia 假稻属 L. hexandra Swartz

李氏禾

6

L. japonica (Makino) Hond.

假稻

6 6

Leptochloa 千金子属 L. chinensis (L.) Nees

千金子

6

L. panicea (Retz.) Ohwi

虮子草

6 6

Leymus 赖草属 L. racemosus (Lam.) Tzvel.

大赖草

6 6

Lolium 黑麦草属 L. multiflorum Lamk.

多花黑麦草

6

L. perenne L.

黑麦草

6 6

Lophatherum 淡竹叶属 L. gracile Brongn.

淡竹叶

6

Melica 臭草属 M. grandiflora (Hack.) Koidz.

6

大花臭草

6

307

308

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. onoei Franch. et Sav.

广序臭草

6

M. scabrosa Trin.

臭草

6

M. transsilvanica Schur Enum.

德兰臭草

6 6

Melinis 糖蜜草属 M. minutiflora Beauv.

糖蜜草

6 6

Melocalamus 梨藤竹属 M. arrectus Yi

澜沧梨藤竹

6

M. compactiflorus (Kurz) Benth. et Hook. f.

梨藤竹

6

M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus (J. R. Xue et C. M. Hui) D. Z. Li et Z. H. Guo

流苏梨藤竹

6 6

Melocanna 梨竹属 M. baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz

梨竹

6

M. humilis Kurz

小梨竹

6 6

Menstruocalamus 月月竹属 M. sichuanensis (Yi) Yi

月月竹

M. indica var. kunthii (Desv.) B. S. Sun et Z. H. Hu

6 6

Microchloa 小草属 长穗小草

6 6

Microstegium 莠竹属 M. ciliatum (Trin.) A. Camus

刚莠竹

6

M. nodosum (Kom.) Tzvel.

莠竹

6

M. nudum (Trin.) A. Camus

竹叶茅

6

M. vagans (Nees ex Steud.) A. Camus

蔓生莠竹

6

M. vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus

柔枝莠竹

6 6

Miscanthus 芒属 M. flavidus Honda

黄金芒

6

M. floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex Schum et Laut.

五节芒

6

M. purpurascens Anderss.

紫芒

6

M. sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai

荻

6

M. sinensis Anderss.

芒

6 6

Molinia 麦氏草属 M. caerulea (L.) Moench

天蓝麦氏草

6 6

Monocladus 单枝竹属 M. amplexicaulis Chia et al.

芸香竹

6

M. levigatus Chia et al.

响子竹

6

M. saxatilis Chia et al.

单枝竹

6

M. saxatilis var. solidus (Chu et Chao) Chia

箭竿竹

6 6

Muhlenbergia 乱子草属 M. hugelii Trin.

乱子草

6

M. ramosa (Hack.) Makino

多枝乱子草

6 6

Narenga 河八王属 N. porphyrocoma (Hance) Bor

河八王

6

Nassella 侧针茅属 N. tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth

墨西哥羽毛草

Neosinocalamus 慈竹属

6 6

Neohouzeaua 李海竹属 N. puberula (McClure) T. H. Wen

6

毛藤竹

6 6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

N. recto-cuneatus W. T. Lin

孖竹

6 6

Neyraudia 类芦属 N. montana Keng

山类芦

6

N. reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchc.

类芦

6 6

Oligostachyum 少穗竹属 O. lubricum (Wen) Keng f.

四季竹

6

O. oedogonatum (Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye) Q. F. Zhang et K. F. Huang

肿竹少穗竹

6

O. spongiosum (C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao) G. H. Ye

斗竹

6

O. sulcatum Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye

少穗竹

6 6

Oplismenus 求米草属 O. compositus (L.) Beauv.

竹叶草

6

O. compositus var. submuticus S. L. Chen et Y. X. Jin

无芒竹叶草

6

O. patens Honda

疏穗竹叶草

6

O. patens var. yunnanensis S. L. Chen et Y. X. Jin

云南竹叶草

6

O. undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv.

求米草

6

O. undulatifolius var. imbecillis (R. Br.) Hack.

狭叶求米草

6

O. undulatifolius var. japonicus (Steud.) Koidz.

日本求米草

6 6

Oryza 稻属 O. granulata Nees et Arn. ex Hook. f.

疣粒稻

6

O. officinalis Wall. ex Watt

药用稻

6

O. rufipogon Griff.

野生稻

6

O. sativa L.

稻

6 6

Oryzopsis 落芒草属 O. henryi (Rendle) Keng ex P. C. Kuo

湖北落芒草

6

Otatea 墨西哥竹属

6

O. aztecorum (McClure et E. W. Smith) C. E. Calderón ex Soderstr.

6

Ottochloa 露籽草属

6

O. nodosa (Kunth) Dandy

露籽草

6 6

Panicum 黍属 P. amoenum Balansa

可爱黍

6

P. bisulcatum Thunb.

糠黍

6

P. brevifolium L.

短叶黍

6

P. incomtum Steud.

藤竹草

6

P. lanuginosum Elliott

绵毛稷

6

P. maximum Jacq.

大黍

6

P. miliaceum L.

稷

6

P. notatum Retz.

心叶稷

6

P. paludosum Roxb.

水生黍

6

P. psilopodium Trin.

细柄黍

6

P. psilopodium var. epaleatum Keng ex S. L. Chen, T. D. Zhuang et X. L. Yang

无稃细柄黍

6

P. repens L.

铺地黍

6

P. virgatum L.

柳枝稷

6 6

Paspalidium 类雀稗属 P. flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus Paspalum 雀稗属

类雀稗

6 6

309

310

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. commersonii Lam.

南雀稗

6

P. conjugatum Berg.

两耳草

6

P. longifolium Roxb.

长叶雀稗

6

P. montanum Henrard

山雀稗

6

P. notatum Flugge

百喜草

6

P. orbiculare Forst.

圆果雀稗

6

P. paspaloides (Michx.) Scribn.

双穗雀稗

6

P. scrobiculatum L.

鸭乸草

6

P. thunbergii Kunth ex Steud.

雀稗

6

P. urvillei Steud.

丝毛雀稗

6

P. vaginatum Sw.

海雀稗

6 6

Pennisetum 狼尾草属 P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.

狼尾草

6

P. americarum (L.) Leeke

御谷

6

P. clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.

铺地狼尾草

6

P. polystachion (L.) Schultes

牧地狼尾草

6

P. purpureum Schum.

象草

6

P. setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov.

绒毛狼尾草

6 6

Phaenosperma 显子草属 P. globosa Munro ex Benth.

显子草

6 6

Phalaris 虉草属 P. arundinacea L.

虉草

6

P. arundinacea var. picta L.

丝带草

6 6

Phleum 梯牧草属 P. hirsutum Honck.

刚梯牧草

6

P. montanum K. Koch

山梯牧草

6

P. pratense L.

梯牧草

6

P. subulatum (Savi) Aschers. et Graebn.

意大利梯牧草

6 6

Phragmites 芦苇属 P. australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

芦苇

6

P. karka (Retz.) Trin ex Steud.

银边卡开芦

6 6

Phyllostachys 刚竹属 P. angusta McClure

黄古竹

6

P. arcana McClure

石绿竹

6

P. aurea Carr. ex A. et C. Riv.

人面竹

6

P. aureosulcata McClure

黄槽竹

6

P. aurita J. L. Lu

毛环水竹

6

P. bambusoides Siebold et Zucc.

桂竹

6

P. bambusoides f. castillonis (Marl. ex Carr.) Makino

金明竹

6

P. bambusoides f. lacrima-deae Keng. f. et Wen

斑竹

6

P. bambusoides f. shouzhu Yi

寿竹

6

P. bissetii McClure

蓉城竹

6

P. circumpilis C. Y. Yao et S. Y. Chen

毛壳花哺鸡竹

6

P. dulcis McClure

白哺鸡竹

6

P. fimbriligula Wen

角竹

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. flexuosa (Carr.) A. et C. Riv.

曲杆竹

6

P. glauca McClure

淡竹

6

P. glauca var. variabilis J. L. Lu

变竹

6

P. heteroclada Oliver

水竹

6

P. heteroclada f. solida (S. L. Chen) Z. P. Wang et Z. H. Yu

实心竹

6

P. incarnata Wen

红壳雷竹

6

P. iridescens C. Y. Yao et S. Y. Chen

红哺鸡竹

6

P. kwangsiensis W. Y. Hsiung

假毛竹

6

P. makinoi Hayata

台湾桂竹

6

P. mannii Gamble

美竹

6

P. nidularia Munro

篌竹

6

P. nidularia f. farcata H. R. Chao et A. T. Liu

实肚竹

6

P. nidularia f. glabrovagina (McClure) Wen

光箨篌竹

6

P. nidularia f. mirabilis Yi et C. G. Chen

绿杆黄槽篌竹

6

P. nidularia f. speciosa Yi et C. G. Chen

空心篌竹

6

P. nigella Wen

富阳乌哺鸡竹

6

P. nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro

紫竹

6

P. nigra var. henonis (Mitford) Stapf ex Rendle

毛金竹

6

P. nuda McClure

灰竹

6

P. parvifolia C. D. Chu et H. Y. Chou

安吉金竹

6

P. platyglossa Z. P. Wang et Z. H. Yu

灰水竹

6

P. praecox C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

早竹

6

P. prominens W. Y. Xiong

高节竹

6

P. propinqua f. lanuginosa Wen

望江哺鸡竹

6

P. pubescens f. gracilis W. Y. Hsiung

金丝毛竹

6

P. pubescens f. luteosulcata Wen

黄槽毛竹

6

P. pubescens f. obtusangula S. Y. Wang

梅花毛竹

6

P. rivalis H. R. Zhao et A. T. Liu

河竹

6

P. robustirama S. Y. Chen et C. Y. Yao

芽竹

6

P. rubicunda Wen

红后竹

6

P. rubromarginata McClure

红边竹

6

P. rutila Wen

衢县红壳竹

6

P. stimulosa H. R. Zhao

漫竹

6

P. sulphurea (Carr.) A. et C. Riv.

金竹

6

P. sulphurea f. viridisulcata (P. X. Zhang) P. X. Zhang

绿槽刚竹

6

P. tianmuensis Z. P. Wang et N. X. Ma

天目早竹

6

P. varioauriculata S. C. Li et S. H. Wu

乌竹

6

P. virella Wen

东阳青皮竹

6

P. viridi-glaucescens (Carr.) A. et C. Riv.

粉绿竹

6

P. vivax McClure

乌哺鸡竹

6 6

Pleioblastus 苦竹属 P. amarus (Keng) Keng

苦竹

6

P. amarus var. pendulifolius S. Y. Chen

垂枝苦竹

6

P. chino (Franch. et Savat.) Makino

青苦竹

6

P. chino var. hisauchii Makino

狭叶青苦竹

6

311

312

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. gramineus (Bean) Nakai

大明竹

6

P. gramineus f. monstrospiralis Muroi et H. Hamada

螺节竹

6

P. intermedius S. Y. Chen

华丝竹

6

P. kongosanensis f. aureostriaus Muroi et Yu. Tanaka

黄条金刚竹

6

P. linearis (Hack.) Nakai

琉球矢竹

6

P. longifimbriatus S. Y. Chen

硬头苦竹

6

P. maculatus (McClure) C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

斑苦竹

6

P. maculosoides Wen

丽水苦竹

6

P. oleosus Wen

油苦竹

6

P. simonii (Carr.) Nakai

川竹

6

P. solidus S. Y. Chen

实心苦竹

6

P. yixingensis S. L. Chen et S. Y. Chen

宜兴苦竹

6 6

Poa 早熟禾属 P. acroleuca Steud.

白顶早熟禾

6

P. annua L.

早熟禾

6

P. faberi Rendle

法氏早熟禾

6

P. nemoralis L.

林地早熟禾

6

P. palustris L.

泽地早熟禾

6

P. pratensis L.

草地早熟禾

6

P. sphondylodes Trin.

硬质早熟禾

6

P. trivialis L.

普通早熟禾

6 6

Pogonatherum 金发草属 P. crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth

金丝草

6

P. paniceum (Lam.) Hack.

金发草

6 6

Polypogon 棒头草属 P. fugax Nees ex Steud.

棒头草

6 6

Psathyrostachys 新麦草属 P. huashanica Keng

华山新麦草

6

P. juncea (Fisch.) Nevski

新麦草

6 6

Pseudechinolaena 钩毛草属 P. polystachya (Humb., Bonpl. et Kunth) Stapf

钩毛草

6 6

Pseudoraphis 伪针茅属 P. longipaleacea L. C. Chia

长稃伪针茅

6

P. spinescens (R. Br.) Vickery

伪针茅

6 6

Pseudosasa 矢竹属 P. amabilis (Munro) Keng

茶杆竹

6

P. amabilis var. convexa Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye

福建茶杆竹

6

P. cantori (Munro) Keng f.

托竹

6

P. hindsii (Munro) C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

篲竹

6

P. hirta S. L. Chen

庐山茶杆竹

6

P. japonica (Siebold et Zucc.) Makino

矢竹

6

P. japonica f. akebonosuji H. Okamura

曙筋矢竹

6

P. japonica var. tsutsumiana Yanagita

辣韭矢竹

6

P. longiligula Wen

广竹

6

P. viridula S. L. Chen et G. Y. Sheng

笔竹

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

6

Pseudostachyum 泡竹属 P. polymorphum Munro

Volume

泡竹

6 6

Qiongzhuea 筇竹属 Q. communis Hsueh

平竹

6

Q. tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi

筇竹

6 6

Rhynchelytrum 红毛草属 R. repens (Willd.) Hubb.

红毛草

6 6

Roegneria 鹅观草属 R. ciliaris (Trin.) Nevsk.

纤毛鹅观草

6

R. kamoji Ohwi

鹅观草

6 6

Rottboellia 筒轴茅属 R. exaltata L. f.

筒轴茅

6 6

Saccharum 甘蔗属 S. arundinaceum Retz.

斑茅

6

S. officinarum L.

甘蔗

6

S. procerum Roxb.

狭叶斑茅

6

S. sinense Roxb.

竹蔗

6

S. spontaneum L.

甜根子草

6 6

Sacciolepis 囊颖草属 S. indica (L.) A. Chase

囊颖草

6

S. myosuroides (R. Br.) Chase ex E. G. Camus

鼠尾囊颖草

6

S. myosuroides var. nana S. L. Chen et T. D. Zhuang

矮囊颖草

6 6

Sasa 赤竹属 S. argenteostriata (Regel) E. G. Camus

埔地竹

6

S. auricoma E. G. Gamus

菲黄竹

6

S. fortunei (van Houtte) Fiori

菲白竹

6

S. glabra f. alba-striata Muroi

白纹椎谷笹

6

S. kogasensis Nakai

纤细赤竹

6

S. oblongula C. H. Hu

矩叶赤竹

6

S. pygmaea (Miq.) E. G. Camus

翠竹

6

S. rubrovaginata C. H. Hu

红壳赤竹

6 6

Schismus 齿稃草属 S. arabicus Nees

齿稃草

6 6

Schizachyrium 裂稃草属 S. brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Buse

裂稃草

6

S. obliquiberbe (Hack.) A. Camus.

斜须裂稃草

6

S. sanguineum (Retz.) Alston

红裂稃草

Schizostachyum

6 6

簩竹属

S. auriculatum Q. H. Dai et D. Y. Huang

耳垂竹

6

S. brachycladum (Kurz) Kurz

短枝黄金竹

6

S. chinense Rendle

薄竹

6

S. dumetorum (Hance) Munro

苗竹仔

6

S. funghomii McClure

沙罗单竹

6

S. pseudolima McClure

簩竹

6

Secale 黑麦属

6

313

314

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. cereale L.

黑麦

6 6

Semiarundinaria 业平竹属 S. fastuosa (Mitford) Makino

业平竹

6

S. sinica T. H. Wen

中华业平竹

6 6

Setaria 狗尾草属 S. faberii Herrm.

大狗尾草

6

S. geniculata (Lam.) Beauv.

莠狗尾草

6

S. glauca (L.) Beauv.

金色狗尾草

6

S. italica (L.) Beauv.

粱

6

S. pallidifusca (Schumach.) Stapf et Hubb.

褐毛狗尾草

6

S. palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf

棕叶狗尾草

6

S. plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke

皱叶狗尾草

6

S. viridis (L.) Beauv.

狗尾草

6

S. viridis ssp. pycnocoma (Steud.) Tzvel.

巨大狗尾草(拟)

6 6

Shibataea 倭竹属 S. chiangshanensis Wen

江山倭竹

6

S. chinensis Nakai

鹅毛竹

6

S. kumasasa (Zoll. ex Steud.) Makino

倭竹

6 6

Sinobambusa 唐竹属 S. henryi (McClure) C. D. Chu

扛竹

6

S. intermedia McClure

晾衫竹

6

S. nephroaurita C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao

肾耳唐竹

6

S. rubroligula McClure

红舌唐竹

6

S. seminuda Wen

胶南竹

6

S. tootsik (Makino) Makino ex Nakai

唐竹

6

S. tootsik var. laeta (McClure) Wen

满山爆竹

6

S. tootsik var. luteoloalbostriata (S. H. Chen et Z. Z. Wang) T. P. Yi

花叶唐竹

6

S. tootsik var. tenuifolia (Koidz.) S. Suzuki

光叶唐竹

6 6

Sorghastrum 金粱草属 S. nutans Nash.

蓝刚草

6 6

Sorghum 高粱属 S. bicolor (L.) Moench

高粱

6

S. halepense (L.) Person

石茅

6

S. nitidum (Vahl) Pers

光高粱

6

S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf

苏丹草

6 6

Sphaerocaryum 稗荩属 S. malaccense (Trin.) Pilger

稗荩

6

Spinifex 鬣刺属 S. littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr.

老鼠艻

6 6

Spodiopogon 大油芒属 S. sibiricus Trin.

6

大油芒

6 6

Sporobolus 鼠尾粟属 S. diander (Retz.) Beauv.

双蕊鼠尾粟

6

S. fertilis (Steud.) W. D. Clayt.

鼠尾粟

6

Stenotaphrum 钝叶草属

6

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. helferi Munro ex Hook. f.

钝叶草

6

S. secundatum (Walter) Kuntze

侧钝叶草

6 6

Stipa 针茅属 S. bungeana Trin.

长芒草

6

S. capillata L.

针茅

6

S. gigantea Link

巨针茅

6

S. pennata L.

羽状针茅

6

S. tenuissima Trin.

细茎针茅

6 6

Themeda 菅属 T. caudata (Nees) A. Camus

苞子草

6

T. chinensis (A. Camus) S. L. Chen et T. D. Zhuang

中华菅

6

T. japonica (Willd.) Tanaka

黄背草

6

T. triandra Forssk.

阿拉伯黄背草

6

T. trichiata S. L. Chen et T. D. Zhuang

毛菅

6

T. villosa (Poir.) A. Camus

菅

6 6

Thyrsostachys 泰竹属 T. oliveri Gamble

大泰竹

6

T. siamensis (Kurz ex Munro) Gamble

泰竹

6 6

Thysanolaena 粽叶芦属 T. maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze

粽叶芦

6 6

Triarrhena 荻属 T. lutarioriparia L. Liu.

南荻

6

T. sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai

荻

6 6

Trisetum 三毛草属 T. bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi

三毛草

6

T. henryi Rendle

湖北三毛草

6 6

Triticum 小麦属 T. aestivum L.

普通小麦

6

Urochloa 尾稃草属 U. reptans var. glabra S. L. Chen et Y. X. Jin

光尾稃草

香根草

6 6

Vulpia 鼠茅属 V. myuros (L.) Gmel.

6 6

Vetiveria 香根草属 V. zizanioides (L.) Nash

6

鼠茅

6 6

Yushania 玉山竹属 Y. canoviridis G. H. Ye

灰绿玉山竹

6

Y. confusa (McClure) Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye

鄂西玉山竹

6

Y. menghaiensis Yi

隔界竹

6 6

Zea 玉蜀黍属 Z. mays L.

玉蜀黍

6

Zizania 菰属 Z. latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf

6

菰

6 6

Zoysia 结缕草属 Z. japonica Steud.

结缕草

6

Z. macrostachya Franch. et Sav.

大穗结缕草

6

315

316

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Gramineae 禾本科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Z. matrella (L.) Merr.

沟叶结缕草

6

Z. minima (Colenso) Zotov

小结缕草

6

Z. sinica Hance

中华结缕草

6

Z. sinica var. niponica Ohwi

长花结缕草

6

Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.

细叶结缕草

6

102. Guttiferae 藤黄科 Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with resin or oil in schizogenous spaces or small canals. Leaves simple, opposite or sometimes whorled, margin entire, often estipulate. Inflorescences various, cymose or corymb, or solitary. Bracteoles inserted and below calyx, almost undistinguishable from calyx. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, whorled or partially spirally arranged, often regular, hypogynous. Sepals (2) 4–5 (6), imbricate or alternately opposite, sometimes petaloid within. Petals (2) 4–5 (6), free, imbricate or convolute. Stamens mostly free or in 4–5 (–10) bundles, free or connate variously. Ovary superior, often with 5 or 3 connate carpels, 1–12 loculed, with axil or parietal or basal placentation. Locule 1 to many on each placenta, across or pendulous. Style 1–5 or absent. Stigma 1–12, often radiate. Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe. Seed 1 or many. About 40 genera and 1200 species occur widely in tropical regions, except Hypericum and Triadenum mainly in temperate regions. Eight genera and 95 species found in China. Hypericum androsaemum 浆果金丝桃 A total of 62 species of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 51% (48/95) species and 88% (7/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-102

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Guttiferae

Guttiferae 藤黄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Calophyllum 红厚壳属 C. inophyllum L.

红厚壳

7

C. membranaceum Gardn. et Champ.

薄叶红厚壳

7

C. polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy

滇南红厚壳

7 7

Clusia 书带木属 C. rosea Jacq.

书带木

7

Cratoxylum 黄牛木属 C. cochinchinense (Lour.) Bl.

7

黄牛木

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Guttiferae 藤黄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. formosum (Jacq.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Dyer

越南黄牛木

7 7

Garcinia 藤黄属 G. bracteata C. Y. Wu ex Y. H. Li

大苞藤黄

7

G. celebica L.

黄萼藤黄

7

G. cowa Roxb. ex Choisy

云树

7

G. dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz

爪哇凤果

7

G. erythrosepala Y. H. Li

红萼藤黄

7

G. esculenta Y. H. Li

山木瓜

7

G. gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb.

藤黄果

7

G. hanburyi Hook. f.

藤黄

7

G. indica (Thouars) Choisy

印度藤黄

7

G. kwangsiensis Merr.

广西藤黄

7

G. lancilimba C. Y. Wu ex Y. H. Li

长裂藤黄

7

G. mangostana L.

山竹

7

G. multiflora Champ. ex Benth.

木竹子

7

G. nujiangensis C. Y. Wu et Y. H. Li

怒江藤黄

7

G. oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.

岭南山竹子

7

G. oligantha Merr.

单花山竹子

7

G. paucinervis Chun et How

金丝李

7

G. pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.

大果藤黄

7

G. spicata Hook. f.

福木

7

G. subelliptica Merr.

菲岛福木

7

G. tetralata C. Y. Wu ex Y. H. Li

双籽藤黄

7

G. tonkinensis Vesque

油山竹

7

G. xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anders.

大叶藤黄

7

G. xishuanbannaensis Y. H. Li

版纳藤黄

7

G. yunnanensis Hu

云南藤黄

7 7

Hypericum 金丝桃属 H. acmosepalum N. Robson

尖萼金丝桃

7

H. androsaemum L.

浆果金丝桃

7

H. ascyron L.

黄海棠

7

H. attenuatum Fisch. ex Choisy

赶山鞭

7

H. augustinii N. Robson

无柄金丝桃

7

H. beanii N. Robson

栽秧花

7

H. bellum Li.

美丽金丝桃

7

H. canariense L.

加拿利金丝桃

7

H. choisianum Wall. ex N. Robson

多蕊金丝桃

7

H. densiflorum Pursh

密花金丝桃

7

H. elodeoides Choisy

挺茎遍地金

7

H. erectum Thunb.ex Murr.

小连翘

7

H. forrestii (Chittenden) N. Robson

川滇金丝桃

7

H. henryi Lévl. et Van.

西南金丝梅

7

H. humifusum L.

匍伏金丝桃

7

317

318

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Guttiferae 藤黄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. japonicum Thunb.

地耳草

7

H. longistylum Oliv.

长柱金丝桃

7

H. monogynum L.

金丝桃

7

H. patulum Thunb.

金丝梅

7

H. perforatum L.

贯叶连翘

7

H. przewalskii Maxim.

突脉金丝桃

7

H. pseudohenryi N. Robson

北栽秧花

7

H. sampsonii Hance

元宝草

7

H. seniawinii Maxim.

密腺小连翘

7

H. subsessile N. Robson

近无柄金丝桃

7

H. uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

匙萼金丝桃

7

H. wightianum Wall. ex Wright

遍地金

7 7

Mammea 南美杏属 M. yunnanensis (H. L. Li) Kosterm.

7

格脉树

7

Mesua 铁力木属 M. ferrea L.

7

铁力木

7

Pentadesma 猪油果属 P. butyracea Sabine

7

猪油果

7

Triadenum 三腺金丝桃属 T. breviflorum (Wall. ex Dyer) Y. Kimura

7

三腺金丝桃

103. Haemodoraceae 血皮草科 Herbs, perennial, with leathery leaves of dark green and lustrous. Leaves linear lanceolate, regular and compact clustered. Flowers on stems, hairy, flower shape peculiar, central part enlarged, narrow at both ends, with an apical slit. About 14 genera and ca. 80 species occur in Eastern North America, Mexico, Central America, Northern South America, South Africa, New Guinea and Australia. Only one species of the family is cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. Anigozanthos manglesii 红绿袋鼠爪

Table IV-103

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Haemodoraceae

Haemodoraceae 血皮草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. manglesii D. Don

Volume 7

Anigozanthos 袋鼠爪属 红绿袋鼠爪

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

319

104. Haloragaceae 小二仙草科 Herbs perennial, terrestrial, marshy or aquatic. Leaves simple, alternate, opposite or whorled. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, solitary or in spikes, panicles, corymbs or pseudo -dichasium. Calyx tubes connate with ovary. Sepals 2–4 or absent. Petals 4 or 8 or absent. Anthers basal, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, 2 or 4-celled. Styles 2 or 4. Ovule 1 per locule, pendulous. Fruit a nut or drupe. About eight genera and ca. 100 species occur mainly in southern hemisphere, particularly in Australia, but Myriophyllum cosmopolitan and Proserpinaca are restricted to the northern hemisphere. Two genera and 13 species found in China. A total of eight species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 23% (3/13) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-104

Myriophyllum spicatum 穗状狐尾藻

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Haloragaceae

Haloragaceae 小二仙草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Haloragis 小二仙草属 H. chinensis (Lour.) Merr.

黄花小二仙草

7

H. micrantha (Thunb.) R. Br.

小二仙草

7 7

Myriophyllum 狐尾藻属 M. aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.

粉绿狐尾藻

7

M. elatinoides Gaudich.

绿狐尾藻

7

M. spicatum L.

穗状狐尾藻

7

M. ussuriense Maxim.

乌苏里狐尾藻

7

M. verticillatum L.

狐尾藻

7 7

Proserpinaca 人鱼藻属 P. palustris L.

人鱼藻

7

105. Hamamelidaceae 金缕梅科 Trees and shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, margin entire or serrated, or palmately lobed, pinnately or palmately veined, often petioles conspicuous. Stipules linear, or bract-like, caducous, sometimes estipules. Inflorescence capitate, spike or raceme, bisexual, or monoecious, rarely dioecious, sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic, or apetalous, a few perianth absent; often perianth epigynous or hypogynous. Calyx tube and ovary free or more less connate. Sepal 4–5 lobes, valvate or imbricate. Petals equal to sepal lobes, linear. Stamens 4–5 or many. Anthers often 2-loculed, vertical or valvular dehiscent,

320

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

connective protruding. Staminodes present or absent. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, sometimes superior, 2-loculed, upper part free. Styles 2, sometimes elongated, stigma apical small or enlarged. Fruit a capsule, often 4-lobed by regular or dorsal dehiscence. Seeds many, often polygonal, flat or with narrow-winged, or if solitary, oval. About 30 genera and 140 species occur widely in Eastern and Southern Africa (including Madagascar), E, W, and SE Asia, NE Australia, Central, North, and South America, Pacific Islands. About 17 genera and 78 species found in China. A total of 48 species and four varieties of the family Rhodoleia championii 红花荷 are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 55% (43/78) species and 94% (16/17) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-105

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hamamelidaceae

Hamamelidaceae 金缕梅科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Altingia 蕈树属 A. chinensis (Champ.) Oliv. ex Hance

蕈树

7

A. excelsa Noronha

细青皮

7

A. gracilipes Hemsl.

细柄蕈树

7

A. siamensis Craib

镰尖蕈树

7

A. yunnanensis Rehd. et Wils

云南蕈树

7 7

Corylopsis 蜡瓣花属 C. calcicola C. Y. Wu

灰岩蜡瓣花

7

C. glandulifera Hemsl.

腺蜡瓣花

7

C. glandulifera var. hypoglauca (Cheng) Chang

灰白蜡瓣花

7

C. glaucescens Hand.-Mazz.

怒江蜡瓣花

7

C. multiflora Hance.

瑞木

7

C. sinensis Hemsl.

蜡瓣花

7

C. sinensis var. calvescens Rehd. et Wils.

秃蜡瓣花

7

C. trabeculosa Hu et Cheng

俅江蜡瓣花

7

C. veitchiana Bean

红药蜡瓣花

7

C. willmottiae Rehd. et Wils.

四川蜡瓣花

7

C. yunnanensis Diels

滇蜡瓣花

7 7

Disanthus 双花木属 D. cercidifolius var. longipes Chang

长柄双花木

D. yunnanensis (Hung T. Chang) C. Y. Wu

7 7

Distyliopsis 假蚊母属 滇假蚊母树

7 7

Distylium 蚊母树属 D. buxifolium (Hance) Merr.

小叶蚊母树

7

D. chinense (Fr.) Diels

中华蚊母树

7

D. chungii (Metcalfe) W. C. Cheng

闽粤蚊母树

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Hamamelidaceae 金缕梅科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. elaeagnoides Chang

鳞毛蚊母树

7

D. macrophyllum Chang

大叶蚊母树

7

D. myricoides Hemsl.

杨梅叶蚊母树

7

D. pingpienense (Hu) Walker

屏边蚊母树

7

D. racemosum Siebold et Zucc.

蚊母树

7

D. tsiangii Chun ex Walker

黔蚊母树

7 7

Eustigma 秀柱花属 E. balansae Oliver

褐毛秀柱花

7

E. oblongifolium Gardner et Champ.

秀柱花

7 7

Exbucklandia 马蹄荷属 E. populnea (R. Br.) R. W. Brown.

马蹄荷

7

E. tonkinensis (Lec.) Steenis

大果马蹄荷

7 7

Fortunearia 牛鼻栓属 F. sinensis Rehd. et Wils.

牛鼻栓

7 7

Hamamelis 金缕梅属 H. japonica Sibeold et Zucc.

日本金缕梅

7

H. mollis Oliv.

金缕梅

7

H. vernalis Sarg.

春金缕梅

7

H. virginiana L.

弗吉尼亚金缕梅

7 7

Liquidambar 枫香树属 L. acalycina Chang

缺萼枫香

7

L. formosana Hance

枫香树

7

L. orientalis Mill.

苏合香

7

L. styraciflua L.

北美枫香

7 7

Loropetalum 檵木属 L. chinense (R. Br.) Oliver

檵木

7

L. chinense var. rubrum Yieh

红花檵木

7 7

Mytilaria 壳菜果属 M. laosensis Lecomte

壳菜果

P. subaequalis (H. T. Cheng) R. M. Hao et H. T. Wei

7 7

Parrotia 银缕梅属 银缕梅

7 7

Rhodoleia 红花荷属 R. championii Hook. f.

红花荷

7

R. henryi Tong

显脉红花荷

7

R. parvipetala Tong

小花红花荷

7 7

Semiliquidambar 半枫荷属 S. cathayensis Chang

半枫荷

7

Sinowilsonia 山白树属 S. henryi Hemsl.

7

山白树

7 7

Sycopsis 水丝梨属 S. dunnii Hemsl.

尖叶水丝梨

7

S. sinensis Oliver

水丝梨

7

S. triplinervia Chang

三脉水丝梨

7 7

Tetrathyrium 四药门花属 T. subcordatum Benth.

四药门花

7

321

322

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

106. Hernandiaceae 莲叶桐科 Trees or shrubs, or scandent lianas. Leaves simple or palmately compound, petiolate, partially curly climbing, estipules. Flowers bisexual or unisexual or polygamous, actinomorphic, axillary or terminal corymbs or cymose panicles, with bracts or bracteoles. Calyx basal tubular, apical 3–5 lobes. Petals equal to sepals. Stamens 5–8. Anthers 2-celled, valvular dehiscent. Stamens with appendages arranged in filament outside base or absent. Ovary inferior, 1 locule, ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit a drupe, coat longitudinal ribs, with 2–4 broad wings, enclosed in inflated cupule, or wingless. Seed 1, endosperm-free, exocarp leathery. About four genera and 60 species occur in tropical regions of E and W Africa, SE Asia, NE Australasia, and Central and South America. Two genera and 18 species found in China. A total of eight species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 39% (7/18) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. 2 genera of the family (all total 2 genera) occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Illigera rhodantha 红花青藤

Table IV-106

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hernandiaceae

Hernandiaceae 莲叶桐科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

7

Hernandia 莲叶桐属 H. sonora L.

Volume

莲叶桐

7 7

Illigera 青藤属 I. celebica Miq.

宽药青藤

7

I. cordata Dunn

心叶青藤

7

I. grandiflora W. W. Smith et J. F. Jeff.

大花青藤

7

I. grandiflora var. pubescens Y. R. Li

柔毛青藤

7

I. orbiculata C. Y. Wu

圆叶青藤

7

I. parviflora Dunn

小花青藤

7

I. rhodantha Hance

红花青藤

7

I. rhodantha var. dunniana (Lévl.) Kubitzki

锈毛青藤

7

I. trifoliata (Griff.) Dunn

三叶青藤

7

107. Hippocastanaceae 七叶树科 Trees and shrubs, deciduous, rarely evergreen. Winter buds large, terminal or axillary, resinous or absent.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

323

Leaves opposite, palmately 3–9-foliolate compound, estipules, petioles often longer than leaflets. Petiolules up to 3 cm or absent. Inflorescence thyrse, lateral cymule scorpion tail cyme or dichasium. Flowers polygamous, staminate often coexist with hermaphrodite in same plant. Sepals 4–5, basal connate into campanulate or tubular or completely free, regular or not, valvate or imbricate arranged. Petals 4–5, alternate with sepals, varying in size, basal claw-like. Stamens 5–9, on inside disc, length various. Disc fully or partially developed into annular. Ovary superior, ovate or oblong, 3-loculed, 2 ovules per locule. Style 1, small. Stigma Aesculus chinensis 七叶树 often flat. Fruit a capsule, 1–3-celled, coat smooth or spiny, often 3-lobed dorsal dehiscent. Seeds globular, often 1, rarely 2, hilum large, pale white, endosperm absent. Three genera and 15 species occur in Asia (Himalayas to Japan), Southeastern Europe, North America, also Central and South America (Billia). One genus and five species found in China. A total of eight species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 100% (5/5) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-107

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hippocastanaceae

Hippocastanaceae 七叶树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Aesculus 七叶树属 A. assamica Griff.

长柄七叶树

7

A. chinensis Bunge

七叶树

7

A. chinensis var. wilsonii (Rehder) Turland et N. H. Xia

天师栗

7

A. flava Ait.

黄花七叶树

7

A. glabra Willd.

光果七叶树

7

A. hippocastanum L.

欧洲七叶树

7

A. pavia L.

北美红花七叶树

7

A. turbinata Bl.

日本七叶树

7

A. wangii Hu

云南七叶树

7

108. Hippocrateaceae 翅子藤科 Trees or shrubs or vines. Leaves simple, opposite, occasionally alternate, stipules small or absent. Inflorescence clustered or dichasium. Flowers bisexual, radiatively symmetrical. Sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 5, free, imbricate or valvate. Disc copular or cushion, sometimes inconspicuous. Stamens 3, rarely 2, 4 or 5, on disc edge, alternate with petals. Filaments tongue-like, flat. Anthers basal. Ovary superior, more or less adnate with disc, 3-loculed, ovules 2–12 per locule, in two rows, on axil placenta. Style short, tapered, often 3-lobed or truncated. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds sometimes flatten, winged, endosperm absent, cotyledons large and thick, connate.

Salacia amplifolia 阔叶五层龙

324

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

A total of 12 species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 100% (11/11) species and all the three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-108

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hippocrateaceae

Hippocrateaceae 翅子藤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Loeseneriella 翅子藤属 L. concinna A. C. Smith

程香仔树

7

L. lenticellata C. Y. Wu

皮孔翅子藤

7

L. merrilliana A. C. Smith

翅子藤

7

L. yunnanensis (Hu) A. C. Sm.

云南翅子藤

7 7

Pristimera 扁蒴藤属 P. arborea (Roxb.) A. C. Smith

二籽扁蒴藤

7

P. cambodiana (Pierre) A. C. Smith

风车果

7

P. setulosa A. C. Smith

毛扁蒴藤

7 7

Salacia 五层龙属 S. cochinchinensis Lour.

柳叶五层龙

7

S. amplifolia Merr. ex Chun et How

阔叶五层龙

7

S. obovatilimba S. Y. Bao

河口五层龙

7

S. polysperma Hu

多籽五层龙

7

S. sessiliflora Hand.-Mazz.

无柄五层龙

7

109. Hippuridaceae 杉叶藻科 Herbs, aquatic, perennial. Stems erect, multiknotted, upper part emergent, non-branching, lower part sympodial branches, with creeping fleshy rhizomes. Leaves, two types, whorled, 4–6–12 (–16) in 1 whorl, sessile: submerged leaves linear lanceolate, curved slender and delicate; emergent leaves linear or narrow, long oval shape, stubby and upright, estipulate. Flowers slender, bisexual or unisexual, sessile, solitary, axillary. Calyx and ovary mostly connate, oval, margin 2–4 slits or entire. Apetalous, stamen 1, on ovary, anthers zigzag positioned, elliptic, bifid dehiscent. Ovary inferior, elliptic, carpel 1, locule 1, ovule 1 anatropous, 1-layer integument, micropyle completely closed, with funicle. Hippuris vulgaris 杉叶藻 Style persistent, slender, needle-like, protogyny, wind pollination. Fruit a small achene, oval, coat smooth, outer pericarp thin, endocarp thick and hard, indehiscent, with 1 seed, endosperm present. One genus and two species occur in temperate regions worldwide, mainly in the northern hemisphere. Two species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 50% (1/2) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-109

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

325

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hippuridaceae

Hippuridaceae 杉叶藻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Hippuris 杉叶藻属 H. vulgaris L.

杉叶藻

7

110. Hydrocharitaceae 水鳖科 Herbs, annual or perennial, fresh-and seawater, submerged or floating. Rooted in mud or floating on water. Stems shortened, erect, rarely prostrate. Leaves basal or cauline, basal leaves densely whorled, cauline leaves opposite, alternate or whorled, various shapes and sizes. Petioles present or absent. Stipulate or estipulate. Spathe connate, rarely free, sessile or pedunculate, often with ribs or wings, apical 2-lobed, 1 to several flowers enclosed. Flowers actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, unisexual, rarely bisexual, often with Ottelia acuminate var. jingxiensis 靖西海菜花 degenerated pistils or stamens. Perianth segments free, 3 or 6, calyx absent. Stamens 1 to several. Anthers basal inserted, 2–4-celled, longitudinal dehiscent. Ovary inferior, 2 to 15 carpels connate, 1 locule, parietal placentation, sometimes protruding to center of ovary, free. Style 2 to 5, often bifid. Ovules anatropous or orthotropous, with 2 layers of integument. Fruit a fleshy berrylike capsule, dehiscent when pericarp decay. Seeds numerous and various in shape, coat smooth or hairy, sometimes with spiny tubercles. Eighteen genera and ca. 120 species widely occur in tropical and subtropical regions over the world. About 9 genera and 38 species found in China. A total of 15 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 45% (17/38) species and 56% (5/9) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-110

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hydrocharitaceae

Hydrocharitaceae 水鳖科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Blyxa 水筛属 B. aubertii Rich.

无尾水筛

7

B. echinosperma (Clarke) Hook. f.

有尾水筛

7

B. japonica (Miq.) Maxim. ex Asch. et Gürke

水筛

7

B. leiosperma Koidz.

光滑水筛

7

B. octandra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thw.

八药水筛

7 7

Elodea 水蕴藻属 E. canadensis Michx.

水蕴藻

7

Hydrilla 黑藻属 H. verticillata (L. f.) Royle

7

黑藻

7

326

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Hydrocharitaceae 水鳖科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

7

Hydrocharis 水鳖属 H. dubia (Bl.) Backer

水鳖

7 7

Nechamandra 虾子草属 N. alternifolia (Roxb.) Thw.

Volume

虾子草

7 7

Ottelia 水车前属 O. acuminata var. crispa (Hand.-Mazz.) H. Li

波叶海菜花

7

O. acuminata var. lunanensis H. Li

路南海菜花

7

O. acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy

海菜花

7

O. acuminata var. jingxiensis H. Q. Wang

靖西海菜花

7

O. alismoides (L.) Pers.

龙舌草

7

O. emersa Zhao et Luo

出水水菜花

7 7

Vallisneria 苦草属 V. denseserrulata (Makino) Makino

密刺苦草

7

V. natans (Lour.) Hara

苦草

7

V. spinulosa Yan

刺苦草

7

111. Hydrophyllaceae 田基麻科 Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial, erect or prostrate, sometimes bushy, with various hairs, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate or opposite, margin entire or pinnatifid, rarely palmate, no stipule, often basal rosette. Flowers small or conspicuous, often forming erect, multi-floral bifid scorpion caudate cymes, or cymes, capitates or solitary, bisexual, actinomorphic, often 5-merous. Sepals basal connate, imbricate, sometimes with stipulate-like appendages, persistent. Corolla sympetalous, radial, campanulate or short funnelform, 5-lobed, often broad and extended, imbricate, corolla tube often with folded or scaly appendages, paired between or in front of stamens. Hydrolea zeylanica 田基麻 Stamens 5, rarely 4. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal dehiscence, 2-valvular dehiscent. Seeds equal to ovules, often wrinkled. Eighteen to 22 genera and ca. 300 species occur mostly in North and South America, a few in Africa, Asia, and Australia. One genus and one species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-111

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

327

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hydrophyllaceae

Hydrophyllaceae 田基麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Hydrolea 田基麻属 H. zeylanica (L.) Vahl

7

田基麻

7

Nemophila 粉蝶花属 N. menziesii Hook. et Arn.

7

粉蝶花

112. Icacinaceae 茶茱萸科 Trees, shrubs or lianas, some with tendrils or lactiferous, white. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, margin often entire, rarely lobed or denticulate, mostly pinnately rarely palmately veined, estipules. Flowers bisexual or sometimes monoecious, extremely rare polygamous, actinomorphic, often with short pedicel or sessile, arranged in spikes, racemes, panicles or cymes, axillary, terminal or rarely opposite leaves. Bracts small or absent. Calyx small, often 4–5-lobed, imbricate, rarely valvate, sometimes connate into copular, persistent. Petals (3–) 4–5-merous, rarely, apetalous, free or connate, valvate, rarely imbricate, apex mostly inflexed. Stamens Pittosporopsis kerrii 假海桐 and petals equally opposite. Fruit a drupe, sometimes samara, 1 locule. Seed 1 (rarely 2), seed pendulous, coat thin, no aril. About 57 genera and 400 species occur mainly in tropical or subtropical regions, especially in S hemisphere. Some 13 genera and 24 species (eight endemic) found in China. A total of 18 species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 67% (16/24) species and 77% (10/13) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-112

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Icacinaceae

Icacinaceae 茶茱萸科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

7

Apodytes 柴龙树属 A. dimidiata E. Meyer.

Volume

柴龙树

7 7

Gomphandra 粗丝木属 G. mollis Merr.

毛粗丝木

7

G. tetrandra (Wall ex Roxb.) Sleum.

粗丝木

7 7

Gonocaryum 琼榄属 G. calleryanum (Baill.) Becc.

台湾琼榄

7

G. lobbianum (Miers) Kurz

琼榄

7 7

Hosiea 无须藤属 H. sinensis (Oliv.) Hemsl. et Wils.

无须藤

I. cirrhosa Turcz.

7 7

Iodes 微花藤属 微花藤

7

328

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Icacinaceae 茶茱萸科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. seguini (Levl.) Rehd

瘤枝微花藤

7

I. vitiginea (Hance) Hemsl.

小果微花藤

7 7

Mappianthus 定心藤属 M. iodoides Hand.-Mazz.

7

定心藤

7

Natsiatopsis 麻核藤属 N. thunbergiaefolia Kurz

7

麻核藤

7

Nothapodytes 假柴龙树属 N. collina C. Y. Wu

厚叶假柴龙树

7

N. obscura C. Y. Wu

薄叶假柴龙树

7

N. obtusifolia (Merr.) Howard

假柴龙树

7

N. pittosporoides (Oliv.) Sleum.

马比木

7

N. tomentosa C. Y. Wu

毛假柴龙树

7 7

Pittosporopsis 假海桐属 P. kerrii Craib

7

假海桐

7

Platea 肖榄属 P. latifolia Blume

阔叶肖榄

7

113. Illiciaceae 八角科 Small trees or shrubs, evergreen. Leaves alternate, sometimes clustered or pseudo-verticillate at apex of branchlets, estipules. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary or sometimes 2–3 flowers clustered, axillary or supra-axilla. Tepals many, mostly arranged in several whorls, often glandular. Sepals same tepals. Receptacle flat. One genus and ca. 40 species occur mostly in E and SE Asia, a few in SE North America and tropical America. Some 27 species found in China. A total of 17 species of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 56% (15/27) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-113

Illicium majus 大八角

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Illiciaceae

Illiciaceae 八角科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Illicium 八角属 I. brevistylum A. C. Smith

短柱八角

7

I. burmanicum Wils.

中缅八角

7

I. difengpi B. N. Chamg et al.

地枫皮

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

329

continued Illiciaceae 八角科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. dunnianum Tutch.

红花八角

7

I. floridanum J. Ellis

美洲八角

7

I. henryi Diels

红茴香

7

I. jiadifengpi B. N. Chang

假地枫皮

7

I. lanceolatum A. C. Smith

红毒茴

7

I. macranthum A. C. Smith

大花八角

7

I. majus Hook. f. et Thomson

大八角

7

I. merrillianum A. C. Smith

滇西八角

7

I. micranthum Dunn

小花八角

7

I. modestum A. C. Smith

滇南八角

7

I. religiosum Sieb. et Zucc.

毒八角

7

I. simonsii Maxim.

野八角

7

I. tsangii A. C. Smith

粤中八角

7

I. verum Hook. f.

八角

7

114. Iridaceae 鸢尾科 Herbs perennial, rarely annual, with rhizomes, corms or bulbs. Leaves basilar, a few alternate, linear, sword-like or filamentous, basal sheathed, overlapping, parallelly veined. Most species only flower stems, a few species branch or unbranch above ground stems. Flowers bisexual, bright and showing, actinomorphic, a few zygomorphic, solitary or clustered or in racemes, spikes, cymes and panicles enclosed by 1 or several papery or membranous bracts, opposite, alternate, clustered or solitary. Perianth 6-lobe, in whorls, inner and outer ones isomorphic, equal size or unequal. Perianth tube often filiform or trumpet-like. Stamens 3, anthers extrorse dehiscent. Style 1, upper part 3-lobed, cylindrical or Iris tectorum 鸢尾 flattened petal-like. Stigmas 3–6. Ovary inferior, 3 locules, placenta axile, ovules many. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds semi-circular or irregular polyhedral, often with appendages or winglets. About 70–80 genera and ca. 1800 species occur widely over the world, particularly in S Africa, Asia, and Europe. Some 11 genera and 69 species found in China. A total of 59 species, three varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 54% (37/69) species and 91% (10/11) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

330

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-114

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Iridaceae

Iridaceae 鸢尾科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

7

Belamcanda 射干属 B. chinensis (L.) DC.

Volume

射干

7 7

Crocosmia 雄黄兰属 C. aurea J. E. Planch.

黄金臭藏红花

7

C. crocosmiflora (Nichols.) N. E. Br.

雄黄兰

7 7

Crocus 番红花属 C. sativus L.

番红花

7 7

Dietes 离被鸢尾属 D. bicolor (Steud.) Sweet ex Klatt

褐斑离被鸢尾

7

D. iridioides (L.) Sweet

离被鸢尾

7 7

Eleutherine 红葱属 E. plicata Herb.

红葱

7

Freesia 香雪兰属 F. refracta Klatt

香雪兰

7 7

Gladiolus 唐菖蒲属 G. gandavensis van Houtte

7

唐菖蒲

7 7

Iris 鸢尾属 I. anguifuga Y. T. Zhao ex X. J. Xue

单苞鸢尾

7

I. aphylla L.

无叶鸢尾

7

I. bulleyana Dykes

西南鸢尾

7

I. chrysographes Dykes

金脉鸢尾

7

I. collettii Hook. f.

高原鸢尾

7

I. confusa Sealy

扁竹兰

7

I. decora Wall.

尼泊尔鸢尾

7

I. delavayi Mich.

长葶鸢尾

7

I. dichotoma Pall.

野鸢尾

7

I. ensata Thunb.

玉蝉花

7

I. ensata var. hortensis Makino et Nemoto

花菖蒲

7

I. flavissima Pall.

黄金鸢尾

7

I. foetidissima L.

红籽鸢尾

7

I. formosana Ohwi

台湾鸢尾

7

I. forrestii Dykes

云南鸢尾

7

I. germanica L.

德国鸢尾

7

I. goniocarpa Baker

锐果鸢尾

7

I. halophila Pall.

喜盐鸢尾

7

I. halophila var. sogdiana (Bge.) Grubov

蓝花喜盐鸢尾

7

I. henryi Bak.

长柄鸢尾

7

I. japonica Thunb.

蝴蝶花

7

I. lactea Pall.

马蔺

7

I. laevigata Fisch.

燕子花

7

I. mandshurica Maxim.

长白鸢尾

7

I. milesii Baker ex M. Foster

红花鸢尾

7

I. pallida Lam.

香根鸢尾

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

331

continued Iridaceae 鸢尾科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

I. proantha Diels

小鸢尾

7

I. pseudacorus L.

黄菖蒲

7

I. qinghainica Y. T. Zhao

青海鸢尾

7

I. ruthenica var. nana Maxim.

矮紫苞鸢尾

7

I. sanguinea Donn ex Horn.

溪荪

7

I. sanguinea f. albiflora Makino

白花溪荪

7

I. setosa Pall. ex Link

山鸢尾

7

I. sibirica L.

西伯利亚鸢尾

7

I. speculatrix Hance

小花鸢尾

7

I. spuria L.

拟鸢尾

7

I. subdichotoma Y. T. Zhao

中甸鸢尾

7

I. tectorum Maxim

鸢尾

7

I. tectorum f. alba Makino

白花鸢尾

7

I. tenuifolia Pall.

细叶鸢尾

7

I. tigridia Bunge

粗根鸢尾

7

I. typhifolia Kitag.

北陵鸢尾

7

I. unguicularis Poir.

阿尔及利亚鸢尾

7

I. uniflora Pall. ex Link

单花鸢尾

7

I. variegata L.

黄褐鸢尾

7

I. ventricosa Pall.

囊花鸢尾

7

I. wattii Baker

扇形鸢尾

7

I. wilsonii C. H. Wright.

黄花鸢尾

7 7

Moraea 肖鸢尾属 M. iridioides L.

肖鸢尾

7 7

Neomarica 巴西鸢尾属 N. gracilis (Herb.) Sprague

巴西鸢尾

7 7

Sisyrinchium 庭菖蒲属 S. angustifolium Mill.

狭叶庭菖蒲

7

S. rosulatum Bickn.

庭菖蒲

7

S. striatum Sm.

智利豚鼻花

7 7

Tigridia 老虎花属 T. pavonia (L. f.) Ker-Gawl.

老虎花

7 7

Trimezia 豹纹鸢尾属 T. martinicensis (Jacq.) Herb.

黄扇鸢尾

7

115. Juglandaceae 胡桃科 Trees or small trees, deciduous or semi-evergreen, resinous, aromatic, with orange-yellow, shield-round glands. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, estipulate, odd or even pinnately compound; leaflets opposite or alternate, petiolulate present or absent, pinnately veined, margin serrated or rarely entire. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, wind-pollinated. Inflorescence unisexual or rarely bisexual. Male inflorescences: catkin, alone or in bunches, in axilla of leaves or bud scales; staminate in axilla of 1 unlobed or 3-lobed bract; bracts 2 perianth

332

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

1–4-merous adnate to flat receptacle inside bract, or bracts and perianth absent; stamens 3–40, inserted on receptacle. Female inflorescences: spikes, terminal, with a few flowers, erect, or drooping catkin with many female flowers; gynoecium of 2 carpels united into an inferior ovary, 1-loculed, but at base 2–4 (–8)-loculed. Fruit a drupe-like nut, exocarp fleshy or leathery or membranous, dehiscent or indehiscent, or valvular dehiscent when mature; endocarp (nucleus) hard, bony. Seed large, completely filled, with a layer of membranous seed coat. Nine genera and 60 or >60 species occur mostly in temperate and subtropical regions of N hemisphere. Seven genera and 24 species found in China. A total of 20 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 54% (13/24) species and all the seven genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-115

Cyclocarya paliurus 青钱柳

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Juglandaceae

Juglandaceae 胡桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

7

Annamocarya 喙核桃属 A. sinensis (Dode) Leroy

Volume

喙核桃

7 7

Carya 山核桃属 C. cathayensis Sarg.

山核桃

7

C. hunanensis Cheng et R. H. Chang ex Chang et Lu

湖南山核桃

7

C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch

美国山核桃

7 7

Cyclocarya 青钱柳属 C. paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk.

青钱柳

7 7

Engelhardtia 黄杞属 E. colebrookeana Lindl. ex Wall.

毛叶黄杞

7

E. fenzelii Merr.

少叶黄杞

7

E. roxburghiana Wall.

黄杞

7

E. serrata Bl.

齿叶黄杞

7

E. spicata Lesch. ex Bl.

云南黄杞

7 7

Juglans 胡桃属 J. ailanthifolia Carrière

日本胡桃

7

J. cathayensis var. formosana (Hayata) A. M. Lu et R. H. Chang

华东野核桃

7

J. cathayensis Dode

野核桃

7

J. mandshurica Maxim.

胡桃楸

7

J. regia L.

胡桃

7

J. sigillata Dode

泡核桃

7 7

Platycarya 化香树属 P. strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc. Pterocarya 枫杨属

化香树

7 7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

333

continued Juglandaceae 胡桃科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. hupehensis Skan

湖北枫杨

7

P. insignis Rehd. et Wils.

华西枫杨

7

P. macroptera var. delavayi (Franch.) W. E. Manning

云南枫杨

7

P. stenoptera C. DC.

枫杨

7

P. tonkinensis (Franch.) Dode

越南枫杨

7

116. Juncaceae 灯心草科 Herbs, perennial, rarely annual. Leaves basal tufted, often in 3-row, without cauline leaves, or with few; leaf sheaths open or closed. Flowers solitary or clustered into spikes or capitula, further arranged into panicle, raceme, corymb or corymbose inflorescences; panicle often with several bracts, lowest one often longer than inflorescence. Each inflorescent branch with 2 membranous bracts at base. Central inflorescence often with 1 to 2 leaf-like involucre. Flowers small, bisexual, rarely unisexual, mostly windpollinated, pedicels or absent, often Juncus inflexus 片髓灯心草 with 2 membranous bracteolate at base. Perianth segments 6, in 2 whorls, rarely inner whorl absent, glumes, narrow ovate to lanceolate, oblong or diamondoid, green, white, brown, lilac-brown or even black, often transparent, apex acute or obtuse. Stamens 6, free, opposite to perianth segments, sometimes inner whorl degenerated but only 3. Fruit a capsule, often dorsal dehiscent, rarely indehiscent. Seeds ovoid, spindle or obovate, sometimes with caudate appendages at both ends (or at one end). About eight genera and ca. 400 species widely occur in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres. Two genera and 103 species found in China. A total of 15 species and one subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 14% (14/103) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-116

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Juncaceae

Juncaceae 灯心草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Juncus 灯心草属 J. alatus Franch. et Sav.

翅茎灯心草

7

J. allioides Franch.

葱状灯心草

7

J. compressus Jacq.

扁茎灯心草

7

J. diastrophanthus Buchenau

星花灯心草

7

334

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Juncaceae 灯心草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

J. effusus L.

灯心草

7

J. inflexus L.

片髓灯心草

7

J. luzuliformis Franch.

分枝灯心草

7

J. potaninii Buchenau

单枝灯心草

7

J. prismatocarpus ssp. teretifolius K. F. Wu

圆柱叶灯心草

7

J. prismatocarpus R. Br.

笄石菖

7

J. setchuensis Buchen.

疏花灯心草

7

J. tenuis Willd.

坚被灯心草

7 7

Luzula 地杨梅属 L. campestris (L.) DC.

地杨梅

7

L. effusa Buchen.

散序地杨梅

7

L. multiflora (Rotz.) Lej.

多花地杨梅

7

L. plumosa E. Mey.

羽毛地杨梅

7

117. Juncaginaceae 水麦冬科 Herbs perennial, wetland, aquatic. Rhizomes, scapigerous, with densely fibrous roots. Leaves all basal, linear or tapered linear, with leaf sheath and sheath margin membranous. Inflorescences racemes, long, bractless. Flowers bisexual, perianth 6, in 2 whorls, oval, green. Stamens 6, opposite to perianth segments. Anthers 2 locules, filament absent. Carpels 6, sometimes 3 degenerated, connate. Stigma brush-pen like. Ovary superior, 1 ovule per locule. Fruit a capsule, globe, oval or long cylindrical, 3- or 6-valvular dehiscent after ripen. Seed 1. Four genera and ca. 18 species occur worldwide. Two species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. A number of 50% (1/2) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-117

Triglochin maritimum 海韭菜

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Juncaginaceae

Juncaginaceae 水麦冬科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

T. maritimum L.

Volume 7

Triglochin 水麦冬属 海韭菜

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

335

118. Labiatae 唇形科 Herbs, semi-shrubs or shrubs, perennial to annual, very rarely trees or vines. Stems often with aromatic oily in epidermis, also with stalked or sessile glands, various simple hairs, with nodular hairs, even stellate hairs and dendritic hairs, often stems with 4-edged and grooved, branches opposite or alternate. Leaves simple, opposite (often alternately opposite), margin entire to serrated, or shallow to deep lobes, rarely compound leaves, rarely 3–8 whorls, very rarely partially alternate. Flowers rarely solitary, inflorescence cyme, often two small dichasia with three or more flowers forming distinct verticillaster at nodes, or branching into a paired of dichastic cymes, rarely 1–3-flowered cymes which are doubled flowers per node. Due to degenerated main axis, densely sessile inflorescences formed, or main axis and lateral branches more or less developed. Bracts degenerate into bract-like thin segments, often several to many verticillasters aggregate into terminal or axillary racemes, spikes, panicles; rarely capitula compound; rarely dorsally ventral (one side) aggregated on one side of main axis; very rarely 1 flower per each bract and forming a genuine raceme due to flowers alternate. Scutellaria indica 韩信草 Fruits often split into 4 dry-nutlets. Seeds solitary and erect. Approximately 3500 species in 220 genera distributed worldwide, but mostly in the Mediterranean region and SW Asia. About 96 genera and 807 species found in China. A total of 250 species and 23 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 29% (230/807) species and 65% (62/96) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-118

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Labiatae

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. indicus (Burm. f.) Kuntze

Volume 7

Acrocephalus 尖头花属 尖头花

7 7

Agastache 藿香属 A. foeniculum Kuntze

茴藿香

7

A. mexicana (H. B. K.) Link. et Epling

墨西哥藿香

7

A. rugosa (Fisch. et Mey.) O. Ktze.

藿香

7 7

Ajuga 筋骨草属 A. ciliata Bunge

筋骨草

7

A. ciliata var. glabrescens Hemsl.

微毛筋骨草

7

A. decumbens Thunb.

金疮小草

7

336

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. forrestii Diels

痢止蒿

7

A. macrosperma Wall. ex Benth.

大籽骨筋草

7

A. nipponensis Makino

紫背金盘

7 7

Anisochilus 排草香属 A. pallidus Wall. ex Benth.

异唇花

7

Anisomeles 广防风属 A. indica (L.) Kuntze

广防风

药水苏

角花

7 7

Clerodendranthus 肾茶属 C. spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li

7 7

Ceratanthus 角花属 C. calcaratus (Hemsl.) G. Taylor

7 7

Betonica 药水苏属 B. officinalis L.

7

猫须草

7 7

Clinopodium 风轮菜属 C. chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze

风轮菜

7

C. confine (Hance) Kuntze

邻近风轮菜

7

C. gracile (Benth.) Matsum.

瘦风轮菜

7 7

Colebrookea 羽萼木属 C. oppositifolia Sm.

羽萼(木)

7 7

Coleus 鞘蕊花属 C. blumei Benth.

彩叶草

7

C. scutellarioides (L.) Benth.

彩叶紫苏

7

C. xanthanthus C. Y. Wu et Y. C. Huang

黄鞘蕊花

7 7

Colquhounia 火把花属 C. compta W. W. Smith

金江火把花

7

C. elegans Wall.

秀丽火把花

7

C. elegans var. tenuiflora (Hook. f.) Prain

细花火把花

7

C. sequinii Vaniot

藤状火把花

7 7

Comanthosphace 绵穗苏属 C. ningpoensis (Hemsl.) Hand.-Mazz.

绵穗苏

C. furcata (Link) Kuntze

7 7

Craniotome 簇序草属 簇序草

7 7

Dracocephalum 青兰属 D. moldavica L.

香青兰

7

D. rupestre Hance

岩青兰

7 7

Dysophylla 水蜡烛属 D. pentagona C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f.

五棱水蜡烛

7

D. sampsonii Hance

齿叶水蜡烛

7

D. stellata (Lour.) Benth.

水虎尾

7

D. yatabeana Makino

水蜡烛

7 7

Elsholtzia 香薷属 E. argyi Levl.

紫花香薷

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. blanda (Benth.) Benth.

四方蒿

7

E. bodinieri Van.

东紫苏

7

E. ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland.

香薷

7

E. communis (Collett et Hemsl.) Diels

吉龙草

7

E. cypriani (Pavol.) C. Y. Wu et S. Chow

野草香

7

E. cypriani var. angustifolia C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang

窄叶野草香

7

E. densa Benth.

密花香薷

7

E. flava (Benth.) Benth.

野苏子

7

E. fruticosa (D. Don) Rehd.

鸡骨柴

7

E. heterophylla Diels

异叶香薷

7

E. kachinensis Prain

水香薷

7

E. penduliflora W. W. Sm.

大黄药

7

E. pilosa (Benth.) Benth.

长毛香薷

7

E. rugulosa Hemsl.

野拔子

7

E. souliei Lévl.

川滇香薷

7

E. splendens Nakai ex F. Maekawa

海州香薷

7

E. stachyodes (Link) C. Y. Wu

穗状香薷

7

E. stauntoni Benth.

木香薷

7

E. winitiana Craib

白香薷

7 7

Eurysolen 宽管花属 E. gracilis Prain

宽管花

7

Galeobdolon 小野芝麻属 G. chinense (Benth.) C. Y. Wu

小野芝麻

鼬瓣花

网萼木

7 7

Glechoma 活血丹属 G. biondiana var. angustituba C. Y. Wu et C. Chen

7 7

Geniosporum 网萼木属 G. coloratum (D. Don) Kuntze

7 7

Galeopsis 鼬瓣花属 G. bifida Boenn.

7

狭萼白透骨消

7

G. hederacea L.

金钱薄荷

7

G. longituba (Nakai) Kupr

活血丹

7 7

Gomphostemma 锥花属 G. arbusculum C. Y. Wu

木锥花

7

G. chinense Oliv

中华锥花

7

G. crinitum Wall. ex Benth.

长毛锥花

7

G. deltodon C. Y. Wu

三角齿锥花

7

G. latifolium C. Y. Wu

宽叶锥花

7

G. lucidum Wall. ex Benth.

光泽锥花

7

G. microdon Dunn

小齿锥花

7

G. parviflorum var. farinosum Prain

污粉小锥花

7

G. pedunculatum Benth. ex Hook. f.

抽葶锥花

7

G. pseudocrinitum C. Y. Wu

拟长毛锥花

7

337

338

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. stellatohirsutum C. Y. Wu

硬毛锥花

7 7

Holocheila 全唇花属 H. longipedunculata S. Chow ex C. Y. Wu et S. Chow

全唇花

7 7

Hyptis 山香属 H. rhomboidea Mart. et Gal.

吊球草

7

H. suaveolens (L.) Poit.

山香

7 7

Hyssopus 神香草属 H. canescens DC. ex Nyman

神香草

7 7

Isodon 香茶菜属 I. adenanthus (Diels) Kud

腺花香茶菜

7

I. amethystoides (Benth.) H. Hara

香茶菜

7

I. coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Kudo

细锥香茶菜

7

I. excisoides (Sun ex C. H. Hu) Hara

拟缺香茶菜

7

I. inflexus (Thunb.) Kudô

内折香茶菜

7

I. irroratus (Forrest ex Diels) Hara

露珠香茶菜

7

I. japonicus (Burm. f.) Hara

毛叶香茶菜

7

I. japonicus var. glaucocalyx (Maxim.) Hara

蓝萼香茶菜

7

I. leucophyllus (Dunn) Kudo

白叶香茶菜

7

I. lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hara

线纹香茶菜

7

I. lophanthoides var. micrantha (C. Y. Wu) H. W. Li

小花线纹香茶菜

7

I. macrocalyx (Dunn) Hara

大萼香茶菜

7

I. nervosus (Hemsl.) Kudo

显脉香茶菜

7

I. parvifolius (Batal.) Hara

小叶香茶菜

7

I. racemosus (Hemsl.) Murata

总序香茶菜

7

I. rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara

碎米桠

7

I. sculponeatus (Vaniot) Kudo

黄花香茶菜

7

I. serra (Maxim.) Kudo

溪黄草

7

I. ternifolius (D. Don) Kudo

牛尾草

7

I. walkeri (Arnott) H. Hara

长叶香茶菜

7

I. weisiensis (C. Y. Wu) H. Hara

维西香茶菜

7

I. wikstroemioides (Hand.-Mazz.) Hara

荛花香茶菜

7 7

Keiskea 香简草属 K. elsholtzioides Merr.

香薷状香简草

K. ornatum (Hemsl.) Kudo

动蕊花

二刺叶兔唇花

7 7

Lagopsis 夏至草属 L. supina (Steph. ex Willd.) Ikonn.-Gal.

7 7

Lagochilus 兔唇花属 L. diacanthophyllus (Pall.) Benth.

7 7

Kinostemon 动蕊花属

夏至草

7 7

Lamium 野芝麻属 L. amplexicaule L.

宝盖草

7

L. barbatum Sieb. et Zucc.

野芝麻

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Lavandula 薰衣草属 L. angustifolia Mill.

薰衣草

7

L. dentata L.

齿叶薰衣草

7

L. pedunculata (Mill.) Cav.

蝴蝶薰衣草

7 7

Leonurus 益母草属 L. japonicus Thunb.

益母草

7

L. turkestanicus V. Krecz. et Rupr.

新疆益母草

7 7

Leucas 绣球防风属 L. ciliata Benth.

绣球防风

7

L. mollissima Wall. ex Benth.

银针七

7

L. mollissima var. scaberula Hook. f.

糙叶银针七

7

L. zeylanica (L.) R. Br.

绉面草

7 7

Leucosceptrum 米团花属 L. canum Smith

米团花

L. urticifolius Hemsl.

7 7

Loxocalyx 斜萼草属 斜萼草

7 7

Lycopus 地笋属 L. lucidus Turcz.

地笋

7

L. lucidus var. hirtus Regel

硬毛地笋

7 7

Marrubium 欧夏至草属 M. vulgare L.

欧夏至草

7 7

Meehania 龙头草属 M. fargesii (Lévl.) C. Y. Wu

华西龙头草

7

M. fargesii var. pedunculata (Hemsl.) C. Y. Wu

梗花华西龙头草

7

M. fargesii var. radicans (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu

走茎华西龙头草

7

M. urticifolia (Miq.) Makino

荨麻叶龙头草

7 7

Melissa 蜜蜂花属 M. axillaris (Benth.) Bakh. f.

蜜蜂花

7

M. officinalis L.

香蜂草

7 7

Mentha 薄荷属 M. aquatica L.

水薄荷

7

M. arvensis L.

田野薄荷

7

M. asiatica Boriss.

假薄荷

7

M. canadensis L.

薄荷

7

M. cardiaca L.

苏格兰留兰香

7

M. citrata Ehrh.

柠檬留兰香

7

M. longifolia (L.) Huds.

欧薄荷

7

M. piperita L.

辣薄荷

7

M. pulegium L.

唇萼薄荷

7

M. rotundifolia (L.) Huds.

圆叶薄荷

7

M. spicata L.

留兰香

7

Mesona 凉粉草属

7

339

340

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. chinensis Benth.

凉粉草

7 7

Micromeria 姜味草属 M. biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth.

姜味草

7 7

Microtoena 冠唇花属 M. delavayi Prain

云南冠唇花

7

M. insuavis (Hance) Prain ex Dunn

冠唇花

7

M. patchoulii (C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f.) C. Y. Wu et S. J. Hsuan

滇南冠唇花

7

M. subspicata C. Y. Wu ex Hsuan

近穗状冠唇花

7 7

Moluccella 贝壳花属 M. laevis L.

贝壳花

7 7

Monarda 美国薄荷属 M. citriodora Cerv ex Lag.

柠檬香蜂草

7

M. didyma L.

马薄荷

7

M. fistulosa L.

拟美国薄荷

7

M. punctata L.

细斑香蜂草

7 7

Mosla 石荠苎属 M. cavaleriei Lévl.

小花荠苎

7

M. chinensis Maxim.

石香薷

7

M. dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim.

小鱼仙草

7

M. longibracteata (C. Y. Wu) C. Y. Wu

长苞荠苧

7

M. scabra (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li

石荠苧

7 7

Nepeta 荆芥属 N. annua Pall.

小裂叶荆芥

7

N. cataria L.

拟荆芥

7

N. citriodora Dum.

柠檬荆芥

7

N. tenuifolia Benth.

裂叶荆芥

7 7

Ocimum 罗勒属 O. basilicum L.

罗勒

7

O. basilicum var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth.

疏柔毛罗勒

7

O. gratissimum L.

丁香罗勒

7

O. gratissimum var. suave (Willd.) Hook. f.

毛叶丁香罗勒

7 7

Origanum 牛至属 O. vulgare L.

牛至

7 7

Paraphlomis 假糙苏属 P. albotomentosa C. Y. Wu

绒毛假糙苏

7

P. gracilis Kudo

纤细假糙苏

7

P. javanica (Bl.) Prain

狭叶假糙苏

7

P. javanica var. coronata (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li

小叶假糙苏

7

P. seticalyx C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li

刺萼假糙苏

7 7

Perilla 紫苏属 P. frutescens (L.) Britt.

紫苏

7

P. frutescens var. acuta (Thunb.) Kudo

野紫苏

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. frutescens var. crispa (Thunb.) Hand.-Mazz.

回回苏

7

P. frutescens var. purpurascens (Hay.) H. W. Li

野生紫苏

7 7

Phlomis 糙苏属 P. agraria Bunge

耕地糙苏

7

P. atropurpurea Dunn

深紫糙苏

7

P. chinghoensis C. Y. Wu

青河糙苏

7

P. megalantha Diels

大花糙苏

7

P. mongolica Turcz.

串铃草

7

P. umbrosa Turcz.

糙苏

7 7

Plectranthus 马刺花属 P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng.

到手香

7

P. australis R. Br.

瑞典常春藤

7

P. ecklonii Benth.

紫凤凰

7 7

Pogostemon 刺蕊草属 P. auricularius (L.) Hassk.

水珍珠菜

7

P. cablin (Blanco) Benth.

广藿香

7

P. chinensis C. Y. Wu et Y. C. Huang

长苞刺蕊草

7

P. esquirolii (H. Lév.) C. Y. Wu et Y. C. Huang

膜叶刺蕊草

7

P. falcatus (C. Y. Wu) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li

镰叶水珍珠菜

7

P. glaber Benth.

刺蕊草

7

P. menthoides Blume

小刺蕊草

7

P. nigrescens Dunn

黑刺蕊草

7

P. xanthiifolius G. Y. Wu et Y. C. Huang

苍耳叶刺蕊草

7 7

Prunella 夏枯草属 P. asiatica Nakai

山菠菜

7

P. grandiflora (L.) Jacq.

大花夏枯草

7

P. hispida Benth.

硬毛夏枯草

7

P. vulgaris L.

夏枯草

7 7

Rosmarinus 迷迭香属 R. officinalis L.

迷迭香

7 7

Rostrinucula 钩子木属 R. dependens (Rehd.) Kudo

钩子木

7

R. sinensis (Hemsl.) C. Y. Wu

长叶钩子木

7 7

Salvia 鼠尾草属 S. bowleyana Dunn

南丹参

7

S. cavaleriei Lévl.

贵州鼠尾草

7

S. cavaleriei var. erythrophylla (Hemls.) Stib.

紫背贵州鼠尾草

7

S. cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib.

血盆草

7

S. chinensis Benth.

华鼠尾草

7

S. coccinea L.

朱唇

7

S. cyclostegia var. purpurascens C. Y. Wu

紫花圆苞鼠尾草(变种)

7

S. cynica Dunn

犬形鼠尾草

7

341

342

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. deserta Schang.

新疆鼠尾草

7

S. digitaloides Diels

毛地黄鼠尾草

7

S. farinacea Benth.

粉萼鼠尾草

7

S. filicifolia Merr.

蕨叶鼠尾草

7

S. fragarioides C. Y. Wu

草莓状鼠尾草

7

S. glutinosa L.

胶质鼠尾草

7

S. guaranitica A. St.-Hil. ex Benth.

深蓝鼠尾草

7

S. japonica Thunb.

鼠尾草

7

S. leucantha Cav.

墨西哥鼠尾草

7

S. maximowicziana Hemsl.

鄂西鼠尾草

7

S. miltiorrhiza Bunge

丹参

7

S. officinalis L.

药用鼠尾草

7

S. plebeia R. Br.

荔枝草

7

S. plectranthoides Griff.

长冠鼠尾草

7

S. pratensis L.

草甸鼠尾草

7

S. prionitis Hance

红根草

7

S. przewalskii Maxim.

甘西鼠尾

7

S. scapiformis Hance

地埂鼠尾草

7

S. sclarea L.

南欧丹参

7

S. splendens Ker.-Gawl.

一串红

7

S. uliginosa Benth.

天蓝鼠尾草

7

S. verbenaca L.

冬鼠尾草

7

S. viridis L.

绿鼠尾草

7

S. yunnanensis C. H. Wright

云南鼠尾草

7 7

Satureja 塔花属 S. montana L.

冬香薄荷

7 7

Schnabelia 四棱草属 S. oligophylla Hand.-Mazz.

四棱草

7

S. tetrodonta (Sun) C. Y. Wu et C. Chen

四齿四棱草

7 7

Scutellaria 黄芩属 S. amoena C. H. Wright

滇黄芩

7

S. baicalensis Georgi

黄芩

7

S. barbata D. Don

半枝莲

7

S. delavayi Levl

方枝黄芩

7

S. franchetiana Lévl.

岩藿香

7

S. galericulata L.

盔状黄芩

7

S. honanensis C. Y. Wu et. H. W. Li

河南黄芩

7

S. indica L.

韩信草

7

S. indica var. elliptica Sun et C. H. Hu

长毛韩信草

7

S. obtusifolia var. trinervata (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li

三脉钝叶黄芩

7

S. oligophlebia Merr. et Chun

少脉黄芩

7

S. pekinensis Maxim.

京黄芩

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

343

continued Labiatae 唇形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. pekinensis var. purpureicaulis (Migo) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li

紫茎京黄芩

7

S. regeliana Nakai

狭叶黄芩

7

S. rehderiana Diels

甘肃黄芩

7

S. reticulata C. Y. Wu et W. T. Wang

显脉黄芩

7

S. scordifolia Fisch. ex Schrank

并头黄芩

7

S. shweliensis W. W. Sm.

瑞丽黄芩

7

S. yingtakensis Sun ex C. H. Hu

英德黄芩

7

S. yunnanensis Lévl.

红茎黄芩

7 7

Siphocranion 筒冠花属 S. nudipes (Hemsl.) Kudo

光柄筒冠花

7 7

Stachys 水苏属 S. arrecta L. H. Bailey

蜗儿菜

7

S. baicalensis Fisch ex Benth.

毛水苏

7

S. byzantina C. Koch

绵毛水苏

7

S. geobombycis C. Y. Wu

地蚕

7

S. japonica Miq.

水苏

7

S. oblongifolia Benth.

纤梗针筒菜

7

S. pseudophlomis C. Y. Wu

狭齿水苏

7

S. sieboldii Miq.

甘露子

7 7

Teucrium 香科科属 T. bidentatum Hemsl.

二齿香科科

7

T. canadense L.

加拿大石蚕

7

T. chamaedrys L.

石蚕香科科

7

T. fruticans L.

水果蓝

7

T. japonicum Willd

穗花香科科

7

T. pernyi Franch.

庐山香科科

7

T. quadrifarium Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

铁轴草

7

T. ussuriense Kom.

乌苏里香科科

7

T. viscidum Bl.

血见愁

7 7

Thymus 百里香属 T. glabrescens Willd.

无毛百里香

7

T. longicaulis C. Presl

长叶百里香

7

T. mastichina L.

乳香百里香

7

T. mongolicus Ronn.

百里香

7

T. pulegioides L.

宽叶百里香

7

T. quinquecostatus Cêlak.

地椒

7

119. Lardizabalaceae 木通科 Woody vines, prostrate, rarely erect shrubs. Stems twining or climbing, with broad medullary rays in xylem; winter buds large, with 2 or more imbricated outer scales. Leaves alternate, palmate or trifoliate, rarely pinnate, estipules; petioles and petiolules swollen node-like at both ends. Flowers actinomorphic, unisexual, monoecious

344

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

or diecious, rarely polygamous; often forming racemes or corymbose inflorescence, rarely panicles. Sepals petal-like, 6, in two whorls, imbricate or outer whorl valvate, rarely only 3. Petals 6, nectariferous, much smaller than sepals, sometimes apetalous. Stamens 6, filaments free or more or less connate into tubes. Anthers extrorse, 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent, connectives often protruding from locule apex to form angular or convex appendages, with degenerated 3 carpels. Female flowers with 6 staminodes; carpels 3, few 6–9, whorled on flat receptacles or carpels many, spirally arranged in enlarged receptacle. Fruits a fleshy follicle or berry, indehiscent, or dehiscence along abaxial suture. Seeds many, or only one, oval or reniform, seed coat crustaceous. Nine genera and ca. 50 species occur mainly in East Asia, with two monotypic genera in South America. Seven genera and ca. 43 species found in China. A total of 15 species and three subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 35% (15/43) species and all the five genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-119

Akebia trifoliata 三叶木通

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lardizabalaceae

Lardizabalaceae 木通科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Akebia 木通属 A. quinata (Houtt.) Decne.

木通

7

A. trifoliata (Planch.) Koidz.

三叶木通

7

A. trifoliata ssp. australis (Diels) T. Shimizu

白木通

7 7

Decaisnea 猫儿屎属 D. insignis (Griff.) Hook. f. et Thoms.

猫儿屎

7 7

Holboellia 八月瓜属 H. angustifolia Wall.

五月瓜藤

7

H. coriacea Diels

鹰爪枫

7

H. grandiflora Reaub.

牛姆爪

7

H. latifolia Wall.

八月瓜

7 7

Sinofranchetia 串果藤属 S. chinensis (Franch.) Hemsl.

串果藤

7 7

Stauntonia 野木瓜属 S. brachyanthera Hand.-Mazz.

黄蜡果

7

S. brunoniana Wall. ex Hemsl.

三叶野木瓜

7

S. cavalerieana Gagnep.

西南野木瓜

7

S. chinensis DC.

野木瓜

7

S. duclouxii Gagn.

羊瓜藤

7

S. hexaphylla (Thunb. ex Murray) Decne.

日本野木瓜

7

S. obovata Hemsl.

倒卵叶野木瓜

7

S. obovatifoliola ssp. intermedia (Y. C. Wu) T. Chen

五指那藤

7

S. obovatifoliola ssp. urophylla (Hand.-Mazz.) H. N. Qin

石月

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

345

120. Lauraceae 樟科 Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Bark and leaf often aromatic. Leaves alternate, opposite, nearly opposite or verticillate, petiolate, texture leathery, sometimes membranous or hard papery, margin entire. Inflorescences determinate, rarely indeterminate such as genus Stephania, panicle, racemose or capitate, completely enclosed or nearly nake by bracts before flowering, with terminal branches of cymes of 3 or more flowers; or pseudo-corymb, with bracts persistent, alternate-opposite or irregular bracts underneath. Flowers often small, white or green-white, sometimes yellow, pale red and red after flowering, often aromatic. Perianth segments flat or nearly closed when flowering. Machilus salicina 柳叶润楠 Flowers bisexual or unisexual due to abortion, monoecious or diecious, actinomorphic, usually 3-merous, also 2-merous. Perianth tube radial, funnelform or altar-like, perianth lobes 6 or 4 in 2 whorls, or 9 in 3 whorls. The fruit is a berry or drupe. About 45 genera and 2000–2500 species occur widely in tropical and subtropical regions but mostly in tropical Southeast Asia and tropical America. About 25 genera and ca. 445 species found in China. A total of 234 species, 24 varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 54% (242/445) species and 72% (18/25) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-120

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lauraceae

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Actinodaphne 黄肉楠属 A. cupularis (Hemsl.) Gamble

红果黄肉楠

7

A. forrestii (Allen) Kosterm

毛尖树

7

A. henryi Gamble

思茅黄肉楠

7

A. koshepangii Chun ex H. T. Chang

广东黄肉楠

7

A. kweichowensis Yang et P. H. Huang

黔桂黄肉楠

7

A. lecomtei Allen

柳叶黄肉楠

7

A. obovata (Nees) Blume

倒卵叶黄肉楠

7

A. omeiensis (Liou) Allen

峨眉黄肉楠

7

A. pilosa (Lour.) Merr.

毛黄肉楠

7

A. trichocarpa Allen

毛果黄肉楠

7

A. tsaii Hu

马关黄肉楠

7 7

Alseodaphne 油丹属 A. andersonii (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm.

毛叶油丹

7

A. hainanensis Merr.

油丹

7

A. petiolaris (Meissn.) Hook. f.

长柄油丹

7

Beilschmiedia 琼楠属

7

346

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. appendiculata (Allen) S. Lee et Y. T. Wei

山潺

7

B. brachythyrsa H. W. Li

勐仑琼楠

7

B. delicata S. Lee et Y. T. Wei

美脉琼楠

7

B. fordii Dunn

广东琼楠

7

B. furfuracea Chun ex H. T. Chang

糠秕琼楠

7

B. glauca var. glaucoides H. W. Li

顶序琼楠

7

B. intermedia Allen

琼楠

7

B. linocieroides H. W. Li

李榄琼楠

7

B. longipetiolata Chun et S. Lee

长柄琼楠

7

B. macropoda Allam

肉柄琼楠

7

B. pauciflora H. W. Li

少花琼楠

7

B. percoriacea C. K. Allen

厚叶琼楠

7

B. purpurascens H. W. Li

紫叶琼楠

7

B. robusta C. K. Allen

粗壮琼楠

7

B. sichourensis H. W. Li

西畴琼楠

7

B. tsangii Merr.

网脉琼楠

7

B. tungfangensis S. Lee et L. Lau

东方琼楠

7

B. wangii Allen

海南琼楠

7

B. yunnanensis Hu

滇琼楠

7 7

Caryodaphnopsis 檬果樟属 C. tonkinensis Airy Shaw

檬果樟

C. filiformis L.

7 7

Cassytha 无根藤属 无根藤

7 7

Cinnamomum 樟属 C. appelianum Schewe

毛桂

7

C. austrosinense H. T. Chang

华南桂

7

C. austroyunnanense H. W. Li

滇南桂

7

C. bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet

钝叶桂

7

C. bodinieri Levl.

猴樟

7

C. burmanni (Nees et T. Nees) Blume

阴香

7

C. burmanni f. heyneanum (Nees) H. W. Li.

狭叶阴香

7

C. camphora (L.) Presl

樟树

7

C. cassia Presl

肉桂

7

C. caudiferum Kosterm.

尾叶樟

7

C. chartophyllum H. W. Li

坚叶樟

7

C. glanduliferum (Wall.) Nees

云南樟

7

C. ilicioides A. Chev.

八角樟

7

C. iners Reinw. ex Bl.

大叶桂

7

C. japonicum Sieb.

天竺桂

7

C. jensenianum Hand.-Mazz.

野黄桂

7

C. kotoense Kanehira et Sasaki

兰屿肉桂

7

C. liangii Allen

软皮桂

7

C. mairei Levl.

银叶桂

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. micranthum (Hay.) Hay.

沉水樟

7

C. mollifolium H. W. Li

毛叶樟

7

c. osmophloeum Kanehira

土肉桂

7

C. parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn.

黄樟

7

C. pauciflorum Nees

少花桂

7

C. pingbienense H. W. Li

屏边桂

7

C. platyphyllum (Diels) Allen

阔叶樟

7

C. rigidissimum H. T. Chang

卵叶桂

7

C. saxatile H. W. Li

石山樟

7

C. septentrionale Hand.-Mazz.

银木

7

C. subavenium Miq.

香桂

7

C. tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees et Eberm.

柴桂

7

C. tenuipilum Kosterm.

细毛樟

7

C. tonkinense (Lec.) A. Chev.

假桂皮树

7

C. ufotomentosum K. M. Lan

绒毛樟

7

C. verum Presl

锡兰肉桂

7

C. wilsonii Gamble

川桂

7 7

Cryptocarya 厚壳桂属 C. acutifolia H. W. Li

尖叶厚壳桂

7

C. brachythyrsa H. W. Li

短序厚壳桂

7

C. calcicola H. W. Li

岩生厚壳桂

7

C. chinensis (Hance) Hemsl.

厚壳桂

7

C. chingii Cheng

硬壳桂

7

C. concinna Hance

黄果厚壳桂

7

C. densiflora Blume

丛花厚壳桂

7

C. depauperata H. W. Li

贫花厚壳桂

7

C. elliptifolia Merr.

菲律宾厚壳桂

7

C. hainanensis Merr.

海南厚壳桂

7

C. metcalfiana Allen

长序厚壳桂

7

C. yunnanensis H. W. Li

云南厚壳桂

7 7

Laurus 月桂属 L. nobilis L.

月桂

7 7

Lindera 山胡椒属 L. aggregata (Sims) Kosterm

乌药

7

L. aggregata var. playfairii (Hemsl.) H. P. Tsui

小叶钓樟

7

L. angustifolia Cheng

狭叶山胡椒

7

L. caudata (Nees) Hook. f.

香面叶

7

L. chienii Cheng

江浙山胡椒

7

L. chunii Merr.

鼎湖钩樟

7

L. communis Hemsl

香叶树

7

L. erythrocarpa Makino

红果山胡椒

7

L. floribunda (Allen) H. P. Tsui

绒毛钓樟

7

L. fragrans Oliv.

香叶子

7

347

348

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) Bl.

山胡椒

7

L. kwangtungensis (Liou) Allen

广东山胡椒

7

L. limprichtii H. Winkl.

卵叶钓樟

7

L. megaphylla Hemsl.

黑壳楠

7

L. menghaiensis H. W. Li

勐海山胡椒

7

L. metcalfiana Allen

滇粤山胡椒

7

L. metcalfiana var. dictyophylla (Allen) H. P. Tsui

网脉山胡椒

7

L. nacusua (D. Don) Merr.

绒毛山胡椒

7

L. nacusua var. menglungensis H. B. Cui

勐仑山胡椒

7

L. neesiana (Wall. ex Nees) Kurz

绿叶甘橿

7

L. obtusiloba Bl.

三桠乌药

7

L. praecox (Sieb. et Zucc.) Bl.

大果山胡椒

7

L. pulcherrima (Wall.) Benth.

西藏钓樟

7

L. pulcherrima var. attenuata Allen

香粉叶

7

L. pulcherrima var. hemsleyana (Diels) H. B. Cui

川钓樟

7

L. reflexa Hemsl.

山橿

7

L. rubronervia Gamble

红脉钓樟

7

L. setchuenensis Gamble

四川山胡椒

7

L. thomsonii Allen

三股筋香

7

L. tonkinensis Lec.

假桂钓樟

7

L. tonkinensis var. subsessilis H. W. Li

无梗钓樟

7 7

Litsea 木姜子属 L. acutivena Hay.

尖脉木姜子

7

L. akoensis Hay.

屏东木姜子

7

L. atrata S. Lee

黑木姜子

7

L. auriculata Chien et Cheng

天目木姜子

7

L. balansae Lec.

假辣子

7

L. baviensis Lec.

大萼木姜子

7

L. chinpingensis Yang et P. H. Huang

金平木姜子

7

L. chunii Cheng

高山木姜子

7

L. coreana Levl.

朝鲜木姜子

7

L. coreana var. lanuginosa (Migo) Yang et P. H. Huang

毛豹皮樟

7

L. coreana var. sinensis (Allen) Yang et P. H. Huang.

扬子黄肉楠

7

L. cubeba (Lour.) Pers.

山鸡椒

7

L. cubeba var. formosana (Nakai) Yang et P. H. Huang

毛山鸡椒

7

L. dilleniifolia P. Y. Pai et P. H. Huang

五桠果叶木姜子

7

L. elongata var. faberi (Hemsl.) Yang et P. H. Huang

石木姜子

7

L. elongata var. subverticillata (Yang) Yang et P. H. Huang

近轮叶木姜子

7

L. elongata (Wall. ex Neas) Beatn. et Mook. f.

黄丹木姜子

7

L. glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob.

潺槁木姜子

7

L. greenmaniana Allen

华南木姜子

7

L. greenmaniana var. angustifolia Yang et P. H. Huang

狭叶华南木姜

7

L. honghoensis Liou

红河木姜子

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. hupehana Hemsl.

湖北木姜子

7

L. ichangensis Gamble

宜昌木姜子

7

L. kwangtungensis Yang et P. H. Huang

红楠刨

7

L. lancifolia var. pedicellata Hook. f.

有梗木姜子

7

L. lancifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Benth. et Hook. f. ex F.

剑叶木姜子

7

L. lancifolia var. ellipsoidea Yang et P. H. Huang

椭圆叶木姜子

7

L. lancilimba Merr.

大果木姜子

7

L. liyuyingi Lion

圆锥木姜子

7

L. longistaminata (Liou) Kosterm.

长蕊木姜子

7

L. machiloides Yang et P. H. Huang

润楠叶木姜子

7

L. magnoliifolia Yang et P. H. Huang

玉兰叶木姜子

7

L. martabanica (Kurz) J. D. Hooker

滇南木姜子

7

L. mollis Hemsl.

毛叶木姜子

7

L. monopetala (Roxb.) Pers.

假柿木姜子

7

L. moupinensis Lec.

宝兴木姜子

7

L. panamonja (Nees) Hook.

香花木姜子

7

L. pierrei Lec.

思茅木姜子

7

L. pierrei var. szemois H. Liu

思茅木姜子

7

L. pittosporifolia Yang et P. H. Huang

海桐叶木姜子

7

L. populifolia (Hemsl.) Gamble

杨叶木姜子

7

L. pseudoelongata Liou

竹叶木姜子

7

L. pungens Hemsl.

木姜子

7

L. rotundifolia Hemsl.

圆叶豺皮樟

7

L. rotundifolia var. oblongifolia (Nees) Allen

豹皮樟

7

L. rubescens var. yunnanensis Lec.

滇木姜子

7

L. subcoriacea Yang et P. H. Huang

桂北木姜子

7

L. suberosa Yang et P. H. Huang

栓皮木姜子

7

L. umbellata (Lour.) Merr.

伞花木姜子

7

L. variabilis Hemsl.

黄椿木姜子

7

L. variabilis f. chinensis (Allen) Yang et P. H. Huang

雄鸡树

7

L. variabilis var. oblonga Lec.

毛黄椿木姜子

7

L. verticillata Hance

轮叶木姜子

7

L. yunnanensis Yang et P. H. Huang

云南木姜子

7 7

Machilus 润楠属 M. attenuata F. N. Wei et S. C. Tang

狭基润楠

7

M. breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl.

短序润楠

7

M. calcicola S. Lee et C. T. Qi

灰岩润楠

7

M. chienkweiensis S. Lee

黔桂润楠

7

M. chinensis (Champ. ex Benth.) Hemsl.

华润楠

7

M. chrysotricha H. W. Li

黄毛润楠

7

M. decursinervis Chun

基脉润楠

7

M. fasciculata H. W. Li

簇序润楠

7

M. gamblei King ex Hook. f.

黄心树

7

349

350

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. gongshanensis H. W. Li

贡山润楠

7

M. grijsii Hance

黄绒润楠

7

M. ichangensis Rehd. et Wils.

宜昌润楠

7

M. kwangtungensis Yang

广东润楠

7

M. leptophylla Hand.-Mazz.

薄叶润楠

7

M. lichuanensis Cheng ex S. Lee

利川润楠

7

M. litseifolia S. Lee

木姜润楠

7

M. melanophylla H. W. Li

暗叶润楠

7

M. microcarpa Hemsl.

小果润楠

7

M. nanchuanensis N. Chao ex S. Lee

南川润楠

7

M. nanmu (Oliv.) Hemsl.

润楠

7

M. oculodracontis Chun

龙眼润楠

7

M. oreophila Hance

建润楠

7

M. parabreviflora Hung T. Chang

赛短花润楠

7

M. pauhoi Kanehira

刨花润楠

7

M. phoenicis Dunn

凤凰润楠

7

M. platycarpa Chun

扁果润楠

7

M. pomifera (Kosterm.) S. Lee

梨桢楠

7

M. pyramidalis H. W. Li

塔序润楠

7

M. rehderi Allen

狭叶润楠

7

M. robusta W. W. Sm.

粗壮润楠

7

M. rufipes H. W. Li

红梗润楠

7

M. salicina Hance

柳叶润楠

7

M. tenuipilis H. W. Li

细毛润楠

7

M. thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc.

红楠

7

M. velutina Champ. ex Benth.

绒毛润楠

7

M. versicolora S. K. Lee et F. N. Wei

黄枝润楠

7

M. wangchiana Chun

信宜润楠

7

M. wenshanensis H. W. Li

文山润楠

7

M. yunnanensis Lec.

滇润楠

7

M. zuihoensis Hayata

香润楠

7 7

Neocinnamomum 新樟属 N. caudatum (Nees) Merr.

滇新樟

7

N. delavayi (Lec.) Liou

新樟

7 7

Neolitsea 新木姜子属 N. aurata (Hay.) Koidz

新木姜子

7

N. aurata var. chekiangensis (Nakai) Yang

浙江新木姜子

7

N. aurata var. glauca Yang

粉叶新木姜子

7

N. aurata var. paraciculata (Nakai) Yang et P. H. Huang

云和新木姜子

7

N. cambodiana var. glabra C. K. Allen

香港新木姜子

7

N. cambodiana Lec.

锈叶新木姜

7

N. chuii Merr.

鸭公树

7

N. confertifolia (Hemsl.) Merr.

簇叶新木姜子

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

N. ellipsoidea Allen

香果新木姜子

7

N. hainanensis Yang et P. H. Huang

海南新木姜子

7

N. homilantha Allen

团花新木姜子

7

N. hsiangkweiensis Yang et P. H. Huang

湘桂新木姜子

7

N. kwangsiensis Liou

广西新木姜

7

N. levinei Merr.

大叶新木姜子

7

N. lunglingensis H. W. Li

龙陵新木姜子

7

N. menglaensis Yang et P. H. Huang

勐腊新木姜子

7

N. pallens (D. Don) Momiyama et Hara

灰白新木姜子

7

N. phanerophlebia Merr.

显脉新木姜

7

N. polycarpa Liou

多果新木姜子

7

N. sericea (Bl.) Koidz.

舟山新木姜子

7

N. sutchuanensis Yang

四川新木姜子

7

N. velutina W. T. Wang

毛叶新木姜子

7

N. wushanica var. pubens Yang et P. H. Huang

紫云山新木姜子

7 7

Parasassafras 拟檫木属 P. confertiflorum (Meisner) D. G. Long

拟檫木

7

Persea 鳄梨属 P. americana Mill.

7

鳄梨

7 7

Phoebe 楠属 P. bournei (Hemsl.) Yang

闽楠

7

P. calcarea S. Lee et F. N. Wei

石山楠

7

P. chekiangensis C. B. Shang

浙江楠

7

P. faberi (Hemsl.) Chun

竹叶楠

7

P. formosana (Matsum. et Hay.) Hay.

台楠

7

P. glaucophylla H. W. Li

粉叶楠

7

P. hui Cheng ex Yang

细叶楠

7

P. hunanensis Hand.-Mazz.

湘楠

7

P. hungmaoensis S. Lee

红毛山楠

7

P. kwangsiensis Liou.

桂楠

7

P. lanceolata (Wall. ex Nees) Nees

披针叶楠

7

P. legendrei Lec.

雅砻江楠

7

P. macrocarpa C. Y. Wu

大果楠

7

P. minutiflora H. W. Li

小花楠

7

P. neurantha (Hemsl.) Gamble

白楠

7

P. neuranthoides S. Lee et F. N. Wei

光枝楠

7

P. puwenensis Cheng

普文楠

7

P. rufescens H. W. Li

红梗楠

7

P. sheareri (Hemsl.) Gamble

紫楠

7

P. tavoyana (Meissn.) Hook. f.

乌心楠

7

P. yaiensis S. Lee

崖楠

7

P. zhennan S. Lee et F. N. Wei

楠木

7

Sassafras 檫木属

7

351

352

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Lauraceae 樟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. tsumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl.

檫木

7 7

Sinopora 油果樟属 S. hongkongensis (N. H. Xia et al.) J. Li et al.

孔药楠

7

121. Lecythidaceae 玉蕊科 Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Leaves spirally arranged, often crowded on branch apices, occasionally opposite, with pinnately veined. Flowers solitary, tufted, or in racemes, spikes or panicles, terminal, axillary, or lateral on old stems and branches, bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, flower epigyny or perigyny. Calyx tube adnate to ovary, higher than ovary or not, lobes 2–6 (–8), or connate in bud and not-lobed until flowers open when split into 2–4 lobes, or fall off by valved near basal completely; lobes valvate or shallow imbricate arranged. Petals often 4–6, rarely apetalous, free or connate at basal, imbricate, and basal often adnate with stamen tube. Stamens numerous, several whorls; innermost one often small without anthers, outer one often not developed or sometimes accessay corolla like. Fruit a berry, drupe or capsule, usually large, often angular or winged, apex often crowned with persistent calyx, pericarp often thick, fibrous, spongy or nearly woody. Seeds 1 to many, winged or wingless. Barringtonia macrocarpa 大果玉蕊 About 20 genera and 450 species occur in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, Pacific islands, and South America. One genus and three species found in China. A total of ten species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 100% (3/3) species and the only genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-121

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lecythidaceae

Lecythidaceae 玉蕊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Barringtonia 玉蕊属 B. acutangula (L.) Gaertn.

锐棱玉蕊

7

B. asiatica (L.) Kurz

滨玉蕊

7

B. fusicarpa Hu

梭果玉蕊

7

B. macrocarpa Hassk.

大果玉蕊

7

B. macrostachya (Jack) Kurz

大穗玉蕊

7

B. pendula Kurz

云南玉蕊

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

353

continued Lecythidaceae 玉蕊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. racemosa (L.) Spreng.

玉蕊

7 7

Couroupita 炮弹树属 C. guianensis Aubl.

炮弹树

7

Gustavia 莲玉蕊属

7

G. angusta J. F. Gmel.

7

G. gracillima Miers

纤细莲玉蕊

7

122. Leguminosae 豆科 Trees, shrubs, subshrubs or herbs, erect or climbing, evergreen or deciduous, often with nitrogen-fixing nodules. Leaves often alternate, rarely opposite, often 1–2 pinnately compound, a few palmately compound or 3-foliolate, 1-foliolate or simple, seldom narrow phyllodes, petioles or absent, stipules or estipulate, sometimes stipules modified into spines. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, often in racemes, corymbs, spikes, capitates or panicles. Perianths in two whorls. Sepals (3–) 5 (6), free or connate into tubes, sometimes bilabiate, rarely degenerated or obsolete. Petals (0–) 5 (6), often equal to sepals, rarely fewer or absent, free or connate into syngenesis tubular of corolla lobes, various in sizes, or sometimes differentiated into papilionaceous corolla, upper petal (called vexillum or standard) outermost, 2 lateral petals (called wings), 2 lower innermost petals often connate (called a keel) shading over stamens and pistils. Stamens often 10, sometimes 5 or more (Mimosa), free or syngenesis tubular, monadelphous or diadelphous stamens. Fruit a legume, various shapes, dehiscent or indehiscent along suture after rippen, or breaks into 1-seeded pod-node. Seed coat Lupinus polyphyllus 多叶羽扇豆 leathery or sometimes membranous. About 650 genera and ca. 18,000 species are widely spread worldwide, woody genera mostly in S hemisphere and tropics, herbaceous genera mostly in temperate regions, very numerous in Mediterraneanclimate areas. Twenty-nine tribes, 167 genera and 1673 species found in China. A total of 534 species, nine subspecies, 25 varieties and five forms of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 27% (449/1673) species and 81% (136/167) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

353

continued Lecythidaceae 玉蕊科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. racemosa (L.) Spreng.

玉蕊

7 7

Couroupita 炮弹树属 C. guianensis Aubl.

炮弹树

7

Gustavia 莲玉蕊属

7

G. angusta J. F. Gmel.

7

G. gracillima Miers

纤细莲玉蕊

7

122. Leguminosae 豆科 Trees, shrubs, subshrubs or herbs, erect or climbing, evergreen or deciduous, often with nitrogen-fixing nodules. Leaves often alternate, rarely opposite, often 1–2 pinnately compound, a few palmately compound or 3-foliolate, 1-foliolate or simple, seldom narrow phyllodes, petioles or absent, stipules or estipulate, sometimes stipules modified into spines. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, often in racemes, corymbs, spikes, capitates or panicles. Perianths in two whorls. Sepals (3–) 5 (6), free or connate into tubes, sometimes bilabiate, rarely degenerated or obsolete. Petals (0–) 5 (6), often equal to sepals, rarely fewer or absent, free or connate into syngenesis tubular of corolla lobes, various in sizes, or sometimes differentiated into papilionaceous corolla, upper petal (called vexillum or standard) outermost, 2 lateral petals (called wings), 2 lower innermost petals often connate (called a keel) shading over stamens and pistils. Stamens often 10, sometimes 5 or more (Mimosa), free or syngenesis tubular, monadelphous or diadelphous stamens. Fruit a legume, various shapes, dehiscent or indehiscent along suture after rippen, or breaks into 1-seeded pod-node. Seed coat Lupinus polyphyllus 多叶羽扇豆 leathery or sometimes membranous. About 650 genera and ca. 18,000 species are widely spread worldwide, woody genera mostly in S hemisphere and tropics, herbaceous genera mostly in temperate regions, very numerous in Mediterraneanclimate areas. Twenty-nine tribes, 167 genera and 1673 species found in China. A total of 534 species, nine subspecies, 25 varieties and five forms of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 27% (449/1673) species and 81% (136/167) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

354

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-122

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Leguminosae

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Abrus 相思子属 A. cantoniensis Hance

广州相思子

7

A. mollis Hance

毛相思子

7

A. precatorius L.

相思子

7 7

Acacia 金合欢属 A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.

大叶相思

7

A. catechu (L. f.) Willd.

儿茶

7

A. confusa Merr.

台湾相思

7

A. dealbata Link

银荆

7

A. farnesiana (L.) Willd.

金合欢

7

A. megaladena Desv.

钝叶金合欢

7

A. nilotica (L.) Delile

阿拉伯金合欢

7

A. pennata (L.) Willd.

羽叶金合欢

7

A. podalyriifolia G. Don

珍珠金合欢

7

A. pruinescens Kurz

粉被金合欢

7

A. senegal (L.) Willd.

阿拉伯胶树

7

A. sinuata (Lour.) Merr.

藤金合欢

7 7

Acrocarpus 顶果木属 A. fraxinifolius Arn.

顶果木

A. pavonina var. microsperma (Teijsm. et Binnend.) Nielsen

海红豆

合萌

猪腰豆

7 7

Afzelia 缅茄属 A. xylocarpa (Kurz) W. G. Craib

7 7

Afgekia 猪腰豆属 A. filipes (Dunn) R. Geesink

7 7

Aeschynomene 合萌属 A. indica L.

7 7

Adenanthera 海红豆属

缅茄

7 7

Aganope 双束鱼藤属 A. thyrsiflora (Benth.) Polhill

密锥花鱼藤

7

A. tinghuensis (P. Y. Chen) T. C. Chen et Pedley

鼎湖鱼藤

7 7

Albizia 合欢属 A. bracteata Dunn

蒙自合欢

7

A. calcarea Y. H. Huang

光腺合欢

7

A. chinensis (Osbeck) Merr.

楹树

7

A. corniculata (Lour.) Druce

天香藤

7

A. crassiramea Lace

白花合欢

7

A. julibrissin Durazz.

合欢

7

A. kalkora (Roxb.) Prain

山槐

7

A. lebbeck (L.) Benth.

阔荚合欢

7

A. lucidior (Steud.) I. C. Nielsen ex H. Hara

光叶合欢

7

A. mollis (Wall.) Boiv.

毛叶合欢

7

A. odoratissima (L. f.) Benth.

香合欢

7

A. procera (Roxb.) Benth.

黄豆树

Alhagi 骆驼刺属

7 7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. sparsifolia Shap.

骆驼刺

7 7

Alysicarpus 链荚豆属 A. rugosus (Willd.) DC.

皱缩链荚豆

7

A. vaginalis (L.) DC.

链荚豆

7 7

Amherstia 璎珞木属 A. nobilis Wall.

华贵璎珞木

A. bifolium (Pall.) Yakovlev

7 7

Ammodendron 银砂槐属 银砂槐

7 7

Ammopiptanthus 沙冬青属 A. mongolicus (Kom.) S. H. Cheng

沙冬青

7

A. nanus (Popov) S. H. Cheng

新疆沙冬青

7 7

Amorpha 紫穗槐属 A. canescens Pursh

灰毛紫穗槐

7

A. fruticosa L.

紫穗槐

7 7

Amphicarpaea 两型豆属 A. bracteata ssp. edgeworthii (Benth.) H. Ohashi

两型豆

7

Antheroporum 肿荚豆属 A. glaucum Z. Wei

粉叶肿荚豆

两节豆

7 7

Apios 土圞儿属 A. fortunei Maxim.

7 7

Aphyllodium 两节豆属 A. biarticulatum (L.) Gagnep.

7

土圞儿

7 7

Arachis 落花生属 A. duranensis Krapov. et W. C. Greg.

蔓花生

7

A. hypogaea L.

落花生

7 7

Archidendron 猴耳环属 A. alternifoliolatum (T. L. Wu) I. C. Nielsen

光叶棋子豆

7

A. clypearia (Jack) I. C. Nielsen

猴耳环

7

A. dalatense (Kosterm.) I. C. Nielsen

显脉棋子豆

7

A. kerrii (Gagnep.) I. C. Nielsen

碟腺棋子豆

7

A. lucidum (Benth.) I. C. Nielsen

亮叶猴耳环

7

A. lucyi F. Muell.

澳洲猴耳环

7

A. turgidum (Merr.) I. C. Nielsen

大叶合欢

7 7

Astragalus 黄耆属 A. adsurgens Pall.

直立黄耆

7

A. arbuscula Pall.

木黄耆

7

A. bhotanensis Baker

地八角

7

A. cognatus Schrenk ex Fisch. et C. A. Mey.

沙丘黄耆

7

A. dahuricus (Pall.) DC.

达乌里黄耆

7

A. ernestii H. F. Comber

梭果黄耆

7

A. laxmannii Jacq.

斜茎黄耆

7

A. lehmannianus Bunge

茧荚黄耆

7

A. longiscapus C. C. Ni et P. C. Li

长序黄耆

7

355

356

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. membranaceus Moench

长梗黄耆

7

A. scaberrimus Bunge

糙叶黄耆

7

A. sinicus L.

紫云英

7 7

Baptisia 赝靛属 B. australis (L.) R. Br.

蓝花赝靛

7 7

Bauhinia 羊蹄甲属 B. acuminata L.

白花羊蹄甲

7

B. apertilobata Merr. et F. P. Metcalf

阔裂叶羊蹄甲

7

B. aurea H. Lév.

火索藤

7

B. blakeana Dunn

红花羊蹄甲

7

B. brachycarpa Wall. ex Benth.

鞍叶羊蹄甲

7

B. brachycarpa var. cavaleriei (Lévl.) T. Chen

刀果鞍叶羊蹄甲

7

B. brachycarpa var. microphylla (Craib) K. Larsen et S. S. Larsen

小鞍叶羊蹄甲

7

B. chalcophylla L. chen

多花羊蹄甲

7

B. championii (Benth.) Benth.

龙须藤

7

B. corymbosa Roxb. ex DC.

首冠藤

7

B. damiaoshanensis T. Chen

大苗山羊蹄甲

7

B. didyma L. Chen

孪叶羊蹄甲

7

B. erythropoda Hayata

锈荚藤

7

B. galpinii N. E. Br.

橙花羊蹄甲

7

B. glauca (Wall. ex Benth.) Benth.

粉叶羊蹄甲

7

B. glauca ssp. caterviflora (L. Chen) T. Chen

密花羊蹄甲

7

B. glauca ssp. hupehana (Craib) T. Chen

鄂羊蹄甲

7

B. glauca ssp. tenuiflora (Watt ex C. B. Clarke) K. et S. S. Larsen

薄叶羊蹄甲

7

B. hypochrysa T. Chen

绸缎藤

7

B. monandra Kurz

单蕊羊蹄甲

7

B. nervosa (Wall. ex Benth.) Baker

棒花羊蹄甲

7

B. ovatifolia T. Chen

卵叶羊蹄甲

7

B. purpurea L.

羊蹄甲

7

B. racemosa Lam.

总状花羊蹄甲

7

B. rufescens Lam.

小叶羊蹄甲

7

B. tomentosa L.

黄花羊蹄甲

7

B. touranensis Gagnep.

囊托羊蹄甲

7

B. variegata L.

洋紫荆

7

B. variegata var. candida (Roxb.) Voigt

白花洋紫荆

7

B. viridescens Desv.

绿花羊蹄甲

7

B. viridescens var. laui (Merr.) T. Chen

白枝羊蹄甲

7

B. yunnanensis Franch.

云南羊蹄甲

7 7

Bowringia 藤槐属 B. callicarpa Champ. ex Benth.

藤槐

7

Brownea 宝冠木属 B. ariza Benth. Butea 紫矿属

7

宝冠木

7 7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

紫矿

7 7

Caesalpinia 云实属 C. bonduc (L.) Roxb.

刺果苏木

7

C. crista L.

华南云实

7

C. cucullata Roxb.

见血飞

7

C. decapetala (Roth) Alston

云实

7

C. enneaphylla Roxb.

九羽见血飞

7

C. millettii Hook. et Arn.

小叶云实

7

C. mimosoides Lam.

含羞云实

7

C. minax Hance

喙荚云实

7

C. pulcherrima (L.) Sweet

金凤花

7

C. sappan L.

苏木

7

C. sinensis (Hemsl.) J. E. Vidal

鸡嘴簕

7

C. vernalis Champ. ex Benth.

春云实

7 7

Cajanus 木豆属 C. cajan (L.) Millsp.

木豆

7

C. crassus (Prain ex King) Vaniot der Maesen

虫豆

7

C. goensis Dalzell

硬毛虫豆

7

C. grandiflorus (Benth. et Baker) Maesen

大花虫豆

7

C. mollis (Benth.) Maesen

长叶虫豆

7

C. scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars

蔓草虫豆

7 7

Calliandra 朱缨花属 C. haematocephala Hassk.

朱缨花

7

C. surinamensis Benth.

苏里南朱缨花

7

C. tergemina var. emarginata (Willd.) Barneby

红粉扑花

7 7

Calopogonium 毛蔓豆属 C. mucunoides Desv. Campylotropis

毛蔓豆

7 7

子梢属

C. brevifolia Ricker

短序 子梢

7

C. delavayi (Franch.) Schindl.

西南 子梢

7

C. harmsii Schindl.

思茅 子梢

7

C. hirtella (Franch.) Schindl.

毛 子梢

7

C. latifolia (Dunn) Schindl.

阔叶 子梢

7

C. macrocarpa (Bunge) Rehder

子梢

7

C. macrocarpa var. giraldii (Schindl.) K. T. Fu ex P. Y. Fu

太白山 子梢

7

C. parviflora (Kurz) Schindl.

小花 子梢

7

C. polyantha (Franch.) Schindl.

小雀花

7

C. rockii Schindl.

滇南 子梢

7

C. trigonoclada (Franch.) Schindl.

三棱枝 子梢

7 7

Canavalia 刀豆属 C. cathartica Thouars

小刀豆

7

C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC.

刀豆

7

C. rosea (Sweet) DC.

海刀豆

7

357

358

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Caragana 锦鸡儿属 C. acanthophylla Kom.

刺叶锦鸡儿

7

C. arborescens Lam.

树锦鸡儿

7

C. aurantiaca Koehne

镰叶锦鸡儿

7

C. boisii C. K. Schneid.

扁刺锦鸡儿

7

C. camilli-schneideri Kom.

库车锦鸡儿

7

C. frutex (L.) K. Koch

黄刺条锦鸡儿

7

C. hololeuca Bge. ex Kom.

绢毛锦鸡儿

7

C. intermedia Kuang et H. C. Fu

中间锦鸡儿

7

C. korshinskii Kom.

柠条锦鸡儿

7

C. microphylla Lam.

小叶锦鸡儿

7

C. pekinensis Kom.

北京锦鸡儿

7

C. roborovskyi Kom.

荒漠锦鸡儿

7

C. rosea Turcz. ex Maxim.

红花锦鸡儿

7

C. sinica (Buchoz) Rehd.

锦鸡儿

7

C. stenophylla Pojark.

狭叶锦鸡儿

7

C. ussuriensis (Regel) Pojark.

乌苏里锦鸡儿

7 7

Cassia 决明属 C. agnes (de Wit) Brenan

神黄豆

7

C. fistula L.

腊肠树

7

C. floribunda Cav.

光叶决明

7

C. roxburghii DC.

红花腊肠树

7 7

Castanospermum 栗豆树属 C. australe A. Cunn. et C. Fraser

栗豆树

7

Ceratonia 长角豆属 C. siliqua L.

7

长角豆

7 7

Cercis 紫荆属 C. canadensis L.

加拿大紫荆

7

C. chinensis Bunge

紫荆

7

C. chinensis f. alba Hsu

白花紫荆

7

C. chingii Chun

黄山紫荆

7

C. chuniana F. P. Metcalf

广西紫荆

7

C. glabra Pamp.

湖北紫荆

7

C. racemosa Oliv.

垂丝紫荆

7

C. siliquastrum L.

南欧紫荆

7 7

Chesneya 雀儿豆属 C. polystichoides (Hand.-Mazz.) Ali

川滇雀儿豆

7 7

Christia 蝙蝠草属 C. obcordata (Poir.) Bakh. f.

铺地蝙蝠草

7

C. vespertilionis (L. f.) Bakh. f.

蝙蝠草

7 7

Cladrastis 香槐属 C. platycarpa (Maxim.) Makino

翅荚香槐

7

C. wilsonii Takeda

香槐

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Clitoria 蝶豆属 C. mariana L.

三叶蝶豆

7

C. ternatea L.

蝶豆

7 7

Cochlianthus 旋花豆属 C. gracilis Benth.

细茎旋花豆

7 7

Codariocalyx 舞草属 C. gyroides (Link) Hassk.

圆叶舞草

7

C. motorius (Houtt.) H. Ohashi

舞草

7 7

Colutea 鱼鳔槐属 C. arborsescens L.

鱼鳔槐

7

C. media Willd.

杂种鱼鳔槐

7 7

Coronilla 小冠花属 C. varia L.

绣球小冠花

7

Craspedolobium 巴豆藤属 C. schochii Harms

7

巴豆藤

7 7

Crotalaria 猪屎豆属 C. acicularis Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.

针状猪屎豆

7

C. alata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

翅托叶猪屎豆

7

C. albida B. Heyne ex Roth

响铃豆

7

C. assamica Benth.

大猪屎豆

7

C. bracteata Roxb. ex DC.

毛果猪屎豆

7

C. calycina Schrank

长萼猪屎豆

7

C. chinensis L.

中国猪屎豆

7

C. dubia Graham ex Benth.

卵苞猪屎豆

7

C. ferruginea Graham ex Benth.

假地蓝

7

C. incana L.

圆叶猪屎豆

7

C. juncea L.

菽麻

7

C. linifolia L. f.

线叶猪屎豆

7

C. occulta Graham ex Benth.

紫花猪屎豆

7

C. pallida Aiton

猪屎豆

7

C. peguana Benth. ex Baker

薄叶猪屎豆

7

C. retusa L.

吊裙草

7

C. sessiliflora L.

农吉利

7

C. tetragona Roxb. ex Andrews

四棱猪屎豆

7 7

Cyamopsis 瓜儿豆属 C. tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.

瓜儿豆

C. scoparius (L.) Link

7 7

Cytisus 金雀儿属 金雀儿

7 7

Dalbergia 黄檀属 D. assamica Benth.

秧青

7

D. balansae Prain

南岭黄檀

7

D. burmanica Prain

缅甸黄檀

7

D. candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain

弯枝黄檀

7

359

360

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. cultrata Pierre

刀状黑黄檀

7

D. dyeriana Prain ex Harms

大金刚藤

7

D. fusca Pierre

黑黄檀

7

D. hainanensis Merr. et Chun

海南黄檀

7

D. hancei Benth.

藤黄檀

7

D. hupeana Hance

黄檀

7

D. latifolia Roxb.

阔叶黄檀

7

D. mimosoides Franch.

象鼻藤

7

D. obtusifolia (Baker) Prain

钝叶黄檀

7

D. odorifera T. Chen

降香黄檀

7

D. pinnata (Lour.) Prain

斜叶黄檀

7

D. rimosa Roxb.

多裂黄檀

7

D. sissoo Roxb. ex DC.

印度黄檀

7

D. stipulacea Roxb.

托叶黄檀

7

D. tonkinensis Prain

越南黄檀

7

D. yunnanensis Franch.

滇黔黄檀

7 7

Delonix 凤凰木属 D. regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.

凤凰木

7 7

Dendrolobium 假木豆属 D. lanceolatum (Dunn) Schindl.

单节假木豆

7

D. triangulare (Retz.) Schindl.

假木豆

7 7

Derris 鱼藤属 D. alborubra Hemsl.

白花鱼藤

7

D. caudatilimba F. C. How

尾叶鱼藤

7

D. ferruginea Benth.

锈毛鱼藤

7

D. fordii Oliv.

中南鱼藤

7

D. fordii var. lucida How

亮叶中南鱼藤

7

D. marginata (Roxb.) Benth.

边荚鱼藤

7

D. robusta (Roxb. ex DC.) Benth.

大鱼藤树

7

D. scabricaulis (Franch.) Gagnep. ex F. C. How

粗茎鱼藤

7

D. trifoliata Lour.

鱼藤

7 7

Desmanthus 合欢草属 D. virgatus (L.) Willd.

合欢草

7 7

Desmodium 山蚂蝗属 D. elegans DC.

圆锥山蚂蝗

7

D. gangeticum (L.) DC.

大叶山蚂蝗

7

D. heterocarpon (L.) DC.

假地豆

7

D. laxiflorum DC.

大叶拿身草

7

D. microphyllum (Thunb.) DC.

小叶三点金

7

D. multiflorum DC.

饿蚂蝗

7

D. renifolium (L.) Schindl.

肾叶山蚂蝗

7

D. reticulatum Champ. ex Benth.

显脉山绿豆

7

D. sequax Wall.

长波叶山蚂蝗

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.

广东金钱草

7

D. triflorum (L.) DC.

三点金

7

D. velutinum (Willd.) DC.

绒毛山蚂蝗

7

D. yunnanense Franch.

云南山蚂蝗

7

D. zonatum Miq.

单叶拿身草

7 7

Dumasia 山黑豆属 D. cordifolia Benth. ex Baker

心叶山黑豆

7 7

Dunbaria 野扁豆属 D. fusca (Wall.) Kurz

黄毛野扁豆

7

D. rotundifolia (Lour.) Merr.

圆叶野扁豆

7

D. villosa (Thunb.) Makino

野扁豆

7 7

Dysolobium 镰瓣豆属 D. grande (Benth.) Prain

镰瓣豆

7 7

Entada 榼藤属 E. phaseoloides (L.) Merr.

榼藤

7

E. rheedei Spreng.

眼镜豆

7 7

Enterolobium 象耳豆属 E. contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong

青皮象耳豆

7

E. cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.

象耳豆

7 7

Eriosema 鸡头薯属 E. chinense Vogel

鸡头薯

7 7

Erythrina 刺桐属 E. arborescens Roxb.

鹦哥花

7

E. corallodendron L.

龙牙花

7

E. crista-galli L.

鸡冠刺桐

7

E. senegalensis DC.

塞内加尔刺桐

7

E. stricta Roxb.

劲直刺桐

7

E. subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.

翅果刺桐

7

E. variegata L.

刺桐

7 7

Erythrophleum 格木属 E. fordii Oliv.

格木

7 7

Euchresta 山豆根属 E. horsfieldii (Lesch.) Benn.

伏毛山豆根

7

E. japonica Hook. f. ex Regel

山豆根

7

E. tubulosa Dunn

管萼山豆根

7

E. tubulosa var. brevituba C. Chen

短萼山豆根

7 7

Falcataria 南洋楹属 F. moluccana (Miq.) Barneby et J. W. Grimes

南洋楹

7 7

Flemingia 千斤拔属 F. chappar Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.

墨江千斤拔

7

F. fluminalis C. B. Clarke ex Prain

河边千斤拔

7

F. grahamiana Wight et Arn.

绒毛千斤拔

7

F. involucrata Benth.

总苞千斤拔

7

361

362

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

F. latifolia Benth.

宽叶千斤拔

7

F. lineata (L.) Roxb. ex W. T. Aiton

细叶千斤拔

7

F. macrophylla (Willd.) Merr.

大叶千斤拔

7

F. mengpengensis Y. T. Wei et S. K. Lee

勐捧千斤拔

7

F. paniculata Wall. ex Benth.

锥序千斤拔

7

F. strobilifera (L.) R. Br.

球穗千斤拔

7 7

Fordia 干花豆属 F. cauliflora Hemsl.

干花豆

7

F. microphylla Dunn ex Z. Wei

小叶干花豆

7 7

Galactia 乳豆属 G. tenuiflora (Willd.) Wight et Arn.

乳豆

7

Genista 染料木属 G. tinctoria L.

7

染料木

7 7

Gleditsia 皂荚属 G. australis Hemsl.

小果皂荚

7

G. fera (Lour.) Merr.

华南皂荚

7

G. japonica Miq.

山皂荚

7

G. japonica var. delavayi (Franch.) L. C. Li

滇皂荚

7

G. japonica var. velutina L. C. Li

绒毛皂荚

7

G. microphylla D. A. Gordon

野皂荚

7

G. sinensis Lam.

皂荚

7

G. triacanthos L.

美国皂荚

7 7

Glycine 大豆属 G. max (L.) Merr.

大豆

7

G. soja Sieb. et Zucc.

野大豆

7 7

Glycyrrhiza 甘草属 G. aspera Pall.

粗毛干草

7

G. glabra L.

洋甘草

7

G. inflata Batal.

胀果甘草

7

G. pallidiflora Maxim.

刺果甘草

7

G. uralensis Fisch. ex DC.

甘草

7 7

Gueldenstaedtia 米口袋属 G. stenophylla G. Stenophylla

狭叶米口袋

7

G. verna (Georgi) Boriss

少花米口袋

7

G. verna ssp. multiflora (Bunge) Tsui.

米口袋

7 7

Gymnocladus 肥皂荚属 G. chinensis Baill.

肥皂荚

7

Haematoxylon 采木属 H. campechianum L.

采木

铃铛刺

7 7

Hedysarum 岩黄耆属 H. fruticosum var. laeve (Maxim) H. C. Fu

7 7

Halimodendron 铃铛刺属 H. halodendron (Pall.) Druce

7

羊柴

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. scoparium Fisch. et C. A. Mey.

细枝岩黄芪

7 7

Hylodesmum 长柄山蚂蝗属 H. laxum (Candolle) H. Ohashi et R. R. Mill

疏花长柄山蚂蝗

7

H. leptopus (A. Gray ex Benth.) H. Ohashi et R. R. Mill

细长柄山蚂蝗

7

H. oldhamii (Oliv.) H. Ohashi et R. R. Mill

羽叶长柄山蚂蝗

7

H. podocarpum (Candolle) H. Ohashi et R. R. Mill

长柄山蚂蝗

7

H. podocarpum ssp. fallax (Schindl.) H. Ohashi et R. R. Mill

宽卵叶长柄山蚂蝗

7

H. podocarpum ssp. oxyphyllum (DC.) H. Ohashi et R. R. Mill

尖叶长柄山蚂蝗

7 7

Hymenaea 孪叶豆属 H. courbaril L.

孪叶豆

7

H. verrucosa Gaertn.

疣果孪叶豆

7 7

Indigofera 木蓝属 I. amblyantha Craib

多花木蓝

7

I. arborea Roxb.

树木蓝

7

I. atropurpurea Buch.-Ham. ex Hornem.

深紫木蓝

7

I. bungeana Walp.

河北木蓝

7

I. cassioides Rottl. ex DC.

椭圆叶木蓝

7

I. caudata Dunn

尾叶木蓝

7

I. decora Lindl.

庭藤

7

I. decora var. ichangensis (Craib) Y. Y. Fang et C. Z. Zheng

宜昌木蓝

7

I. fortunei Craib

华东木蓝

7

I. hancockii Craib

绢毛木蓝

7

I. hendecaphylla Jacq.

穗序木蓝

7

I. kirilowii Maxim. ex Palibin

花木蓝

7

I. mulinnensis Y. Y. Fang et C. Z. Zheng

木里木蓝

7

I. nigrescens Kurz ex King et Prain

黑叶木蓝

7

I. pampaniniana Craib

昆明木蓝

7

I. pendula Franch.

垂序木蓝

7

I. simaoensis Y. Y. Fang et C. Z. Zheng

思茅木蓝

7

I. spicata Forsk.

白穗木蓝

7

I. stachyodes Lindl.

茸毛木蓝

7

I. suffruticosa Mill.

野青树

7

I. tinctoria L.

木蓝

7

I. zollingeriana Miq.

尖叶木蓝

7 7

Inga 印加豆属 I. edulis Mart.

印加豆

I. bijuga Kuntze.

7 7

Intsia 印茄属 印茄木

7 7

Kummerowia 鸡眼草属 K. stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino

长萼鸡眼草

7

K. striata (Thunb.) Schindl.

鸡眼草

7 7

Lablab 扁豆属 L. purpureus (L.) Sweet

扁豆

7

363

364

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 7

Laburnum 毒豆属 L. alpinum (Mill.) Bercht. et J. S. Presl

高山毒豆

7

L. anagyroides Medic.

毒豆

7 7

Lathyrus 山黧豆属 L. davidii Hance

大山黧豆

7

L. odoratus L.

香豌豆

7

L. quinquenervius (Miq.) Litv. ex Kom. et Alis.

五脉山藜豆

7 7

Lespedeza 胡枝子属 L. bicolor Turcz.

胡枝子

7

L. buergeri Miq.

绿叶胡枝子

7

L. chinensis G. Don

中华胡枝子

7

L. cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don

截叶铁扫帚

7

L. daurica (Laxm.) Schindl.

达乌里胡枝子

7

L. davidii Franch.

大叶胡枝子

7

L. floribunda Bunge

多花胡枝子

7

L. formosa (Vog.) Koehne

美丽胡枝子

7

L. juncea (L. f.) Pers.

尖叶铁扫帚

7

L. maximowiczii R. C. Schneid.

宽叶胡枝子

7

L. pilosa (Thunb.) Sieb. et Zucc.

铁马鞭

7

L. virgata (Thunb.) DC.

细梗胡枝子

7 7

Leucaena 银合欢属 L. leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit

银合欢

7 7

Lotus 百脉根属 L. corniculatus L.

百脉根

7

L. corniculatus var. japonicus Regel

光叶百脉根

7 7

Lupinus 羽扇豆属 L. polyphyllus Lindl.

多叶羽扇豆

L. rhodostegia Hance

7 7

Lysidice 仪花属 仪花

7 7

Maackia 马鞍树属 M. amurensis Rupr. et Maxim.

朝鲜槐

7

M. chekiangensis Chien

浙江马鞍树

7

M. hupehensis Takeda

马鞍树

7

M. tenuifolia (Hemsl.) Hand.-Mazz.

光叶马鞍树

7 7

Mecopus 长柄荚属 M. nidulans Benn.

长柄荚

7 7

Medicago 苜蓿属 M. falcata L.

野苜蓿

7

M. lupulina L.

天蓝苜蓿

7

M. polymorpha L.

多型苜蓿

7

M. sativa L.

紫花苜蓿

7 7

Melilotus 草木犀属 M. alba Medic. ex Desr.

白花草木犀

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. indica (L.) All.

印度草木犀

7

M. officinalis (L.) Desr.

黄花草木犀

7 7

Millettia 崖豆藤属 M. cubittii Dunn

红河崖豆树

7

M. dielsiana Harms

香花崖豆藤

7

M. dielsiana var. heterocarpa (Chun ex T. Chen) Z. Wei

异果崖豆藤

7

M. erythrocalyx Gagnep.

红萼崖豆

7

M. eurybotrya Drake

宽序崖豆藤

7

M. leptobotrya Dunn

思茅崖豆

7

M. nitida Benth.

亮叶崖豆藤

7

M. oosperma Dunn

皱果崖豆藤

7

M. pachycarpa Benth.

厚果崖豆藤

7

M. pachyloba Drake

海南崖豆藤

7

M. pubinervis Kurz

薄叶崖豆树

7

M. pulchra Kurz

印度崖豆

7

M. reticulata Benth.

网络崖豆藤

7

M. sericosema Hance

锈毛崖豆藤

7

M. speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) Schot

美丽崖豆藤

7

M. tetraptera Kurz

四棱崖豆藤

7

M. unijuga Gagnep.

三叶崖豆藤

7 7

Mimosa 含羞草属 M. bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze

光荚含羞草

7

M. pudica L.

含羞草

7

M. sepiaria Benth.

光荚含羞草(美国刺)

7 7

Mucuna 黧豆属 M. birdwoodiana Tutch.

白花油麻藤

7

M. calophylla W. W. Smith

美叶油麻藤

7

M. cyclocarpa Metc.

闽油麻藤(圆果油麻藤)

7

M. hainanensis Hayata

海南油麻藤

7

M. interrupta Gagnep.

间序油麻藤

7

M. macrobotrys Hance

大球油麻藤

7

M. macrocarpa Wall.

大果油麻藤

7

M. pruriens (L.) DC.

刺毛黧豆

7

M. pruriens var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck

狗爪豆

7

M. sempervirens Hemsl.

常春油麻藤

7 7

Myroxylon 香脂豆属 M. balsamum (L.) Harms

吐鲁胶

7

M. balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Harms

秘鲁香

7 7

Neptunia 假含羞草属 N. oleracea Lour.

水含羞草

7

Ohwia 小槐花属 O. caudata (Thunb.) H. Ohashi Onobrychis 驴食豆属

7

小槐花

7 7

365

366

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. tanaitica Fisch. ex Studel

顿河驴食豆

7

O. viciifolia Scop.

驴食草

7 7

Ormosia 红豆属 O. balansae Drake

长脐红豆

7

O. elliptica Q. W. Yao et R. H. Chang

厚荚红豆

7

O. fordiana Oliv.

肥荚红豆

7

O. glaberrima Y. C. Wu

光叶红豆

7

O. hekouensis R. H. Chang

河口红豆

7

O. henryi Prain

花榈木

7

O. hosiei Hemsl. et Wils.

红豆树

7

O. indurata L. Chen

韧荚红豆

7

O. merrilliana L. Chen

云开红豆

7

O. microphylla Merr. et L. Chen

小叶红豆

7

O. nuda (How) R. H. Chang et Q. W. Yao

秃叶红豆

7

O. olivacea L. Chen

榄绿红豆

7

O. pachycarpa Champ. ex Benth.

茸荚红豆

7

O. pinnata (Lour.) Merr.

海南红豆

7

O. semicastrata Hance

软荚红豆

7

O. semicastrata f. litchifolia How

荔枝叶红豆

7

O. semicastrata f. pallida How

苍叶红豆

7

O. striata Dunn

槽纹红豆

7

O. xylocarpa Chun ex Merr. et L. Chen

木荚红豆

7

O. yunnanensis Prain

云南红豆

7 7

Oxytropis 棘豆属 O. hirta Bunge

硬毛棘豆

P. erosus (L.) Urban

7 7

Pachyrhizus 豆薯属 豆薯

7 7

Paraderris 拟鱼藤属 P. elliptica (Wall.) Adema

毛鱼藤

7

P. hancei (Hemsl.) T. C. Chen et Pedley

粤东鱼藤

7 7

Parkia 球花豆属 P. biglobosa (Jacq.) G. Don

球花豆

P. aculeata L.

扁轴木

7 7

Parochetus 紫雀花属 P. communis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

7 7

Parkinsonia 扁轴木属

紫雀花

7 7

Peltophorum 盾柱木属 P. dasyrrhachis var. tonkinense (Pierre) K. Larsen et S. S. Larsen

银珠

7

P. pterocarpum (DC.) K. Heyne

盾柱木

7 7

Phaseolus 菜豆属 P. coccineus L.

荷包豆

7

P. lunatus L.

棉豆

7

P. vulgaris L.

菜豆

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. vulgaris var. humilis Alef.

龙牙豆

7 7

Phylacium 苞护豆属 P. majus Coll. et Hemsl.

苞护豆

7 7

Phyllodium 排钱树属 P. elegans (Lour.) Desv.

毛排钱树

7

P. kurzianum (Kuntze) H. Ohashi

长柱排钱树

7

P. longipes (Craib) Schindl.

长叶排钱树

7

P. pulchellum (L.) Desv.

排钱树

7 7

Piptanthus 黄花木属 P. concolor Harrow.

黄花木

7

P. nepalensis (Hook.) D. Don

尼泊尔黄花木

7

P. tomentosus Franch.

绒毛黄花木

7 7

Pisum 豌豆属 P. sativum L.

豌豆

P. dulce (Roxb.) Benth.

牛蹄豆

水黄皮

四棱豆

补骨脂

紫檀

7 7

Pterolobium 老虎刺属 P. punctatum Hemsl.

7 7

Pterocarpus 紫檀属 P. indicus Willd.

7 7

Psoralea 补骨脂属 P. corylifolia L.

7 7

Psophocarpus 四棱豆属 P. tetragonolobus (L.) DC.

7 7

Pongamia 水黄皮属 P. pinnata (L.) Merr.

7 7

Pithecellobium 牛蹄豆属

老虎刺

7 7

Pueraria 葛属 P. alopecuroides Craib

密花葛

7

P. edulis Pampan.

食用葛

7

P. montana (Lour.) Merr.

葛

7

P. montana var. chinensis (Ohwi) Sanjappa et Pradeep

粉葛

7

P. montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen et S. M. Almeida ex Sanjappa et Predeep

野葛

7

P. peduncularis (Benth.) Grah.

苦葛

7

P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.

三裂叶野葛

7

P. stricta Kurz

小花野葛

7

P. wallichii DC.

须弥葛

7 7

Pycnospora 密子豆属 P. lutescens (Poir.) Schindl.

密子豆

7 7

Rhynchosia 鹿藿属 R. himalensis var. craibiana (Rehd.) Peter-Stibal

紫脉花鹿藿

7

R. rufescens (Willd.) DC.

赤鹿藿

7

R. volubilis Lour.

鹿藿

7

Robinia 刺槐属

7

367

368

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. pseudoacacia L.

刺槐

7

R. pseudoacacia var. pyramidalis (Pepin) Schneid.

塔形洋槐

7 7

Samanea 雨树属 S. saman (Jacq.) Merr.

雨树

7 7

Saraca 无忧花属 S. declinata (Jack) Miq.

垂枝无忧花

7

S. dives Pierre

中国无忧树

7

S. griffithiana Prain

云南无忧花

7 7

Senna 番泻决明属 S. alata (L.) Roxb.

翅荚决明

7

S. bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.

双荚决明

7

S. corymbosa (Lam.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby

伞房决明

7

S. hirsuta (L.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby

毛荚决明

7

S. occidentalis (L.) Link

望江南

7

S. siamea (Lam.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby

铁刀木

7

S. sophera (L.) Roxb.

槐叶决明

7

S. spectabilis (DC.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby

美丽决明

7

S. sulfurea (Collad.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby

粉叶决明

7

S. surattensis (Burm. f.) H. S. Irwin et Barneby

黄槐决明

7

S. tora (L.) Roxb.

决明

7 7

Sesbania 田菁属 S. bispinosa (Jacq.) W. F. Wight

刺田菁

7

S. cannabina (Retz.) Poir.

田菁

7

S. grandiflora (L.) Pers.

大花田菁

7 7

Shuteria 宿苞豆属 S. ferruginea (Kurz) Baker

硬毛宿苞豆

7

S. involucrata (Wall.) Wight et Arn.

宿苞豆

7

S. vestita Wight et Arn.

西南宿苞豆

7 7

Sindora 油楠属 S. glabra Merr. ex de Wit

油楠

7

S. tonkinensis A. Chev. ex K. Larsen et S. S. Larsen

东京油楠

7 7

Sinodolichos 华扁豆属 S. lagopus (Dunn) Verdc.

华扁豆

7 7

Smithia 坡油甘属 S. ciliata Royle

缘毛合叶豆

7

S. sensitiva Aiton

坡油甘

7 7

Sophora 槐属 S. alopecuroides L.

苦豆子

7

S. davidii (Franch.) Skeels

白刺花

7

S. flavescens Aiton

苦参

7

S. japonica L.

槐

7

S. japonica f. pendula Hort.

龙爪槐

7

S. microcarpa C. Y. Ma

细果槐

7

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. prazeri Prain

锈毛槐

7

S. prazeri var. maieri (Pamp.) Tsoong

西南槐

7

S. tomentosa L.

绒毛槐

7

S. tonkinensis Gagnep.

越南槐

7

S. velutina Lindl.

短绒槐

7

S. velutina var. multifoliolata C. Y. Ma

多叶槐

7

S. xanthantha C. Y. Ma

黄花槐

7 7

Spartium 鹰爪豆属 S. junceum L.

鹰爪豆

7 7

Spatholobus 密花豆属 S. pulcher Dunn

美丽密花豆

7

S. sinensis Chun et T. Chen

红血藤

7

S. suberectus Dunn

密花豆

7

S. uniauritus C. F. Wei

单耳密花豆

7

S. varians Dunn

云南密花豆

7 7

Sphaerophysa 苦马豆属 S. salsula (Pall.) DC.

苦马豆

7

Strongylodon 翡翠葛属 S. macrobotrys A. Gray

翡翠葛

7 7

Swainsona 沙耀花豆属 S. formosa (G. Don) J. Thompson

7

澳洲沙漠豆

7 7

Tadehagi 葫芦茶属 T. pseudotriquetrum (DC.) Y. C. Yang et P. H. Huang

蔓茎葫芦茶

7

T. triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi

葫芦茶

7 7

Tamarindus 酸豆属 T. indica L.

酸豆

7 7

Tephrosia 灰毛豆属 T. candida DC.

白灰毛豆

7

T. kerrii J. R. Drumm. et W. G. Craib

银灰毛豆

7 7

Thermopsis 野决明属 T. chinensis Benth. ex S. Moore

霍州油菜

7 7

Trifolium 车轴草属 T. hybridum L.

杂种车轴草

7

T. incarnatum L.

绛车轴草

7

T. lupinaster L.

野火球

7

T. pratense L.

红车轴草

7

T. repens L.

白车轴草

7 7

Trigonella 胡卢巴属 T. foenum-graecum L.

胡卢巴

7 7

Uraria 狸尾豆属 U. crinita (L.) Desv. ex DC.

猫尾草

7

U. lacei W. G. Craib

滇南狸尾豆

7

U. lagopodioides (L.) Desv. ex DC.

狸尾豆

7

369

370

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Leguminosae 豆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

U. rufescens (DC.) Schindl.

钩柄狸尾豆

7 7

Urariopsis 算珠豆属 U. cordifolia (Wall.) Schindl.

算珠豆

7 7

Vicia 野豌豆属 V. amoena Fisch. ex Ser.

山野豌豆

7

V. bungei Ohwi

大花野豌豆

7

V. cracca L.

广布野豌豆

7

V. faba L.

蚕豆

7

V. hirsuta (L.) Gray

小巢菜

7

V. kulingana L. H. Bailey

牯岭野豌豆

7

V. latibracteolata K. T. Fu

宽苞野豌豆

7

V. pseudorobus Fisch. ex C. A. Meyer

大叶野豌豆

7

V. sativa L.

救荒野豌豆

7

V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.

四籽野豌豆

7

V. unijuga A. Braun

歪头菜

7 7

Vigna 豇豆属 V. angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et Ohashi

赤豆

7

V. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek

绿豆

7

V. umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi et H. Ohashi

赤小豆

7

V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.

豇豆

7

V. unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.

短豇豆

7

V. unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.

长豇豆

7

V. vexillata (L.) Rich.

野豇豆

7 7

Wisteria 紫藤属 W. floribunda (Willd.) DC.

多花紫藤

7

W. sinensis (Sims) Sweet

紫藤

7

W. sinensis f. alba (Lindl.) Rehd. et Wils.

白花紫藤

7

W. venusta Rehder et E. H. Wilson

白花藤萝

7

W. villosa Rehder

藤萝

7 7

Xeroderris 红皮鱼豆属 X. stuhlmannii (Taub.) Mendonca et Sousa

红皮铁木

7

Zapoteca 羊须合欢属 Z. portoricensis (Jacq.) H. M. Hern.

香水合欢

任豆

7 7

Zornia 丁葵草属 Z. gibbosa Span.

7 7

Zenia 任豆属 Z. insignis Chun

7

丁葵草

7

123. Heliconiaceae 蝎尾蕉科 Herbs, perennial. Leaves, cauline in 2 ranks, blade oblong, long petioles, leaf sheaths overlapping, forming unbranched pseudo-stems. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, arranged in racemes of several-to many-flowered monochasial cymes (scorpion-tail like) in navicular bracts. Bracts often numerous, colored, two-rank on axis of

IV

inflorescence, persistent. Perianth segments partially connate tubular, apical 5 lobes. Stamens 5 and staminode 1. Anthers 2-locular, linear, basal, petal-like. Stigma capitate or clavate, 3-lobed. Ovary inferior, 3-carpellate, ovules solitary, basal. Fruits 1–3-seeded drupes, often skyblue color. Seeds nearly triangular shape, pseudocarp absent. One genus and ca. 225 species occur in North America (deep south), Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, and Oceania. A total of 17 species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. Table IV-123

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

Heliconia bourgaeana 富红蝎尾蕉

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Heliconiaceae

Heliconiaceae 蝎尾蕉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Heliconia 蝎尾蕉属 H. angusta Vell.

狭叶蝎尾蕉

8

H. bourgaeana Petersen

富红蝎尾蕉

8

H. caribaea Lam.

加乐比蝎尾蕉

8

H. collinsiana Griggs

粉鸟蝎尾蕉

8

H. episcopalis Vell.

黄火炬蝎尾蕉

8

H. latispatha Benth.

红鹤蝎尾蕉

8

H. librata Griggs

扇形蝎尾蕉

8

H. metallica Planch. et Linden ex Hook. f.

亮叶蝎尾蕉

8

H. ortotricha L. Andersson

红绒蝎尾蕉

8

H. pendula Wawra

红垂蝎尾蕉

8

H. platystachys Baker

粉鸟赫蕉

8

H. psittacorum L. f.

鹦鹉蝎尾蕉

8

H. richardiana Miq.

8

H. rostrata Ruiz et Pav.

金嘴蝎尾蕉

8

H. striata H. J. Veitch

李氏蝎尾蕉

8

H. subulata Ruiz et Pav.

黄蝎尾蕉

8

H. wagneriana Petersen

艳黄蝎尾蕉

8

124. Lemnaceae 浮萍科 Herbs, minute, aquatic, floating or submerged, reduced to small green lobules (fronds) of partial leaf and stem, flat, and rarely conspicuous convex on lower surface. Leaves degenerate into small membranous scales. Roots filiform or absent. Seldom flowering, mainly asexual reproduction in pouches (lateral sacs) at the edge of fronds to form small fronds. Young fronds grow up and emerge from pouches. New plants remaining attached with mother plants or later detaching. Flowers unisexual, apetalous, in lateral sacs of stem basal. Female flowers: solitary, pistil gourd like, style

Spirodela polyrhiza 紫萍

371

372

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

short; stigma entire, short funnelform, 1-locular; ovules 1–6, erect, orthotropous or semi-anatropous; exintegument less cover micropyle. Male flowers: stamen 1, with filaments, 2 or 4-locular. Inflorescence often with 1 female and 1 to 2 male flowers, with a membranous spathe. Fruit indehiscent, seeds 1–6, thick exocarp, fleshy, endocarp thin, a thick seed cover on micropyle. Five genera and 38 species occur worldwide in aquatic ecosystems. Three genera and nine species found in China. A total of five species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 33% (3/9) species and all the three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-124

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lemnaceae

Lemnaceae 浮萍科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Lemna 浮萍属 L. minor L.

浮萍

8

L. perpusilla Torr.

稀脉浮萍

8

L. trisulca L.

品藻

8 8

Spirodela 紫萍属 S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.

紫萍

8 8

Wolffia 芜萍属 W. arrhiza (L.) Wimmer

芜萍

8

125. Lentibulariaceae 狸藻科 Herbs, annual or perennial, insectivorous, terrestrial, epiphytic or aquatic. Stems and branches often metamorphose into rhizoids, stolons, rhizomes, pseudo-leaves and pseudo-roots. Flowers solitary or arranged in raceme. Peduncle erect, rarely twined. Flowers bisexual, insect-pollination or cleistogamy. Calyx 2-, 4- or 5-lobed, lobes valvate or imbricate, persistent and often enlarged after anthesis. Corolla connate, zygomorphic, limb bilabiate, supralabial entire or 2 (–3) lobed, labium entire or 2 (–6) lobed, imbricate, corolla tube thick and short, basal extending into cryptomere, cylindrical, narrow conical or diamondoid. Stamens 2, inserted at base of corolla tube, alternate with corolla lobes. Fruit a capsule, spherical, ovoid or elliptic, loculicidal or interlocular dehiscent, sometimes circumscissile or irregular dehiscent, rarely indehiscent. Seeds many or a few, rarely solitary, small, elliptic spherical. Three genera and ca. 290 species wide spread over the world, mostly in tropical regions. Two genera and 29 species found in China. A total of ten species of the family are cultivated in

Pinguicula primuliflora 樱叶捕虫堇

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

373

at least four botanical gardens. A number of 28% (8/29) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-125

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lentibulariaceae

Lentibulariaceae 狸藻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Pinguicula 捕虫堇属 P. primuliflora C. E. Wood et R. K. Godfrey

樱叶捕虫堇

8 8

Utricularia 狸藻属 U. aurea Lour

黄花狸藻

8

U. australis R. Br.

南方狸藻

8

U. bifida L.

挖耳草

8

U. gibba L.

少花狸藻

8

U. graminifolia Vahl

禾叶挖耳草

8

U. sandersonii Oliv.

小白兔狸藻

8

U. scandens Benj.

缠绕挖耳草

8

U. striatula J. Smith

圆叶挖耳草

8

U. vulgaris L.

狸藻

8

126. Liliaceae 百合科 Herbs, perennial, with rhizomes, corm or bulbs, rarely subshrubs, shrubs or trees. Leaves basal or cauline, often alternate, fewer opposite, or whorled, usually with arcuately parallel veined, rarely reticulate veined. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual or polygamous, often actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic. Perianth segments 6, fewer 4 or many, free or connate (tubular), corollalike. Stamens often equal to perianth segments. Filaments free or adnate to perianth tube. Anthers basal or T-positioned; 2-loculed, longitudinal dehiscent, rarely confluent into 1-celled and transverse slits. Carpels fused or various free. Ovary superior, rarely rarely semi-inferior, 3-loculed (rarely 2-, 4- or 5-loculed), with with axile placentae, rarely loculed with a parietal placenta, ovules 1 to many each, anatropous. Fruit a Tricyrtis macropoda 油点草 capsule or berry, fewer nut. About 250 genera and 3500 species occur worldwide, especially in temperate and subtropical regions. About 60 genera and 787 species found in China. A total of 441 species, one subspecies and 36 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 32% (255/787) species and 70% (42/60) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

374

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-126

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Liliaceae

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Agapanthus 百子莲属 A. africanus Hoffmg.

百子莲

8

A. campanalatus F. M. Leight.

铃花百子莲

8

A. coddii F. M. Leight

蔻第百子莲

8 8

Albuca 哨兵花属 A. namaquensis Baker

弹簧草

8 8

Aletris 粉条儿菜属 A. alpestris Diels

高山粉条儿菜

8

A. glabra Bureau et Franch.

无毛粉条儿菜

8

A. pauciflora (Klotzsch) Hand.-Mazz.

少花粉条儿菜

8

A. spicata (Thunb.) Franch.

粉条儿菜

8

A. stenoloba Franch.

狭瓣粉条儿菜

8 8

Allium 葱属 A. ascalonicum L.

火葱

8

A. bidentatum Fisch. ex Prokh. et Ikonn.-Gal.

砂韭

8

A. cepa L.

洋葱

8

A. cepiforme G. Don

香葱

8

A. chinense G. Don

藠头

8

A. chrysanthum Regel

野葱

8

A. fistulosum L.

葱

8

A. hookeri Thwaites

宽叶韭

8

A. hookeri var. muliens Airy-Shaw

木里韭

8

A. macranthum Baker

大花韭

8

A. macrostemon Bunge

薤白

8

A. mongolicum Turcz. ex Regel

蒙古韭

8

A. neriniflorum (Herb.) G. Don ex Loudon

长梗薤白

8

A. omeiense Z. Y. Zhu

峨眉韭

8

A. ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz.

卵叶韭

8

A. paepalanthoides Airy-shaw

天蒜

8

A. polyrhizum Turcz. ex Rggel

碱韭

8

A. rude J. M. Xu

野黄韭

8

A. sativum L.

蒜

8

A. schoenoprasum L.

北葱

8

A. senescens L.

山韭

8

A. sikkimense Baker

高山韭

8

A. tenuissimum L.

细叶韭

8

A. tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng.

韭菜

8

A. ursinum L.

熊蒜

8

A. victorialis L.

茖葱

8

A. wallichii Kunth

多星韭

8 8

Aloe 芦荟属 A. aculeata Pole-Evans

皮刺芦荟

8

A. africana Mill.

非洲芦荟

8

A. antandroi (R. Decary) H. Perrier

细叶芦荟

8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. arborescens Mill.

木立芦荟

8

A. arenicola Reynolds

极乐锦芦荟

8

A. aristata Haw.

绫锦

8

A. bakeri Scott-Elliot

贝氏芦荟

8

A. barberae Dyer

大树芦荟

8

A. bellatula Reynolds

美丽芦荟

8

A. branddraaiensis Groenew.

布瑞德瑞芦荟

8

A. brevifolia Mill.

龙山芦荟

8

A. broomii Schönland

狮子锦

8

A. buhrii Lavranos

布尔芦荟

8

A. camperi Schweinf.

羊角掌芦荟

8

A. capitata Baker

头状芦荟

8

A. castanea Schönland

栗褐芦荟

8

A. chabandii Schönland

茶番仙人芦荟

8

A. ciliaris Haw.

细茎芦荟

8

A. claviflora Burch.

棒花芦荟

8

A. comosa Marloth et A. Berger

簇叶芦荟

8

A. compressa var. schistophila H. Perrier

片岩扁芦荟

8

A. conifera H. Perrier

圆锥芦荟

8

A. cryptopoda Baker

隐柄芦荟

8

A. dawei A. Berger

塔影锦芦荟

8

A. descoingsii Reynolds

第可芦荟

8

A. dichotoma Masson

二歧芦荟

8

A. divaricata A. Berger

多花序芦荟

8

A. dyerii Schönland

内裹锦芦荟

8

A. elegans Tod.

优雅芦荟

8

A. erinacea D. S. Hardy

黑魔殿

8

A. erytrophylla Bosser

红叶芦荟

8

A. excelsa A. Berger

高芦荟

8

A. falcata Baker

雪岭芦荟

8

A. ferox Mill.

好望角芦荟

8

A. fleurentinorum Lavranos et L. E. Newton

福氏芦荟

8

A. fosteri Pillans

夏丽锦芦荟

8

A. fragilis Lavranos et Röösli

脆芦荟

8

A. gariepensis Pillans

醉鬼亭

8

A. glabrescens (Reyn. et P. R. O. Bally) S. Carter et Brandham

粉绿芦荟

8

A. glauca Mill.

蓝芦荟

8

A. globuligemma Pole-Evans

球芽芦荟

8

A. grandidentata Salm-Dyck

大恐龙芦荟

8

A. greatheadii Schönland

大宫人芦荟

8

A. greatheadii var. davyana (Schönland) Glen et D. S. Hardy

蛇尾锦

8

A. greenii Baker

格林芦荟

8

A. harlana Reynolds

哈兰芦荟

8

375

376

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. haworthioides Baker

琉璃姬孔雀

8

A. hereroensis Engl.

青刀锦芦荟

8

A. hildebrandtii Baker

黄星锦芦荟

8

A. humilis (L.) Mill.

帝王锦

8

A. ibityensis H. Perrier

伊碧提芦荟

8

A. imalotensis Reynolds

伊马洛特芦荟

8

A. isaloensis H. Perrier

伊萨鲁芦荟

8

A. jacksonii Reynolds

青霞城芦荟

8

A. jucunda Reynolds

俏芦荟

8

A. juvenna Brandham et S. Carter

翡翠殿

8

A. kedongensis Reynolds

科登芦荟

8

A. kilifiensis Christian

基利菲芦荟

8

A. krapohliana Marloth

神章锦芦荟

8

A. lettyae Reynolds

莱蒂芦荟

8

A. longistyla Baker

长生锦芦荟

8

A. maculata Allioni

斑痕芦荟

8

A. marlothii A. Berger

鬼切芦荟

8

A. melanacantha A. Berger

黑刺芦荟

8

星光锦芦荟

8

A. microstigma Salm-Dyck A. millotii Reynolds

8

A. mitriformis Mill.

不夜城

8

A. niebuhriana Lavranos

尼布尔芦荟

8

A. officinalis Forssk.

药用芦荟

8

A. parvibracteata Schönland

条纹芦荟

8

A. parvula A. Berger

小芦荟

8

A. peglerae Schönland

红火棒

8

A. pendens Forssk.

下垂芦荟

8

A. petricola Pole-Evans

石生芦荟

8

A. plicatilis Mill.

折扇芦荟

8

A. pluridens Haw.

多齿芦荟

8

A. polyphylla Pillans

多叶芦荟

8

A. pratensis Baker

草地芦荟

8

A. pretoriensis Pole-Evans

白磁杯

8

A. prinslooi I. Verdoorn et D. S. Hardy

胧月夜芦荟

8

A. pruinosa Reynolds

霜粉芦荟

8

A. rauhii Reynolds

白斑芦荟

8

A. rivierei Lavranos et L. E. Newton

里维耶尔芦荟

8

A. sinkatana Reynolds

新卡塔那芦荟

8

A. somaliensis C. H. Wright ex W. Watson

索马里芦荟

8

A. spicata L. f.

穗花芦荟

8

A. squarrosa Baker ex Balf. f.

翡翠殿

8

A. striata Haw.

银芳锦芦荟

8

A. striatula Haw.

椰子芦荟

8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. succotrina Lam.

索科特拉芦荟

8

A. suprafoliata Pole-Evans

开卷芦荟

8

A. tenuior Haw.

青郁锦芦荟

8

A. thraskii Baker

沙丘芦荟

8

A. tomentosa Deflers

白花芦荟

8

A. uariegata Pillans

千代田锦

8

A. vaombe Decorse et Poisson

树型芦荟

8

A. variegata L.

翠花掌

8

A. vera (L.) Burm. f.

库拉索芦荟

8

A. vera var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger

芦荟

8

A. versicolor Guillaumin

异色芦荟

8

A. viguieri H. Perrier

维格芦荟

8

A. zebrina Baker

斑马芦荟

8 8

Anemarrhena 知母属 A. asphodeloides Bunge

知母

8

Arthropodium 龙舌百合属 A. cirrhatum (G. Forst.) R. Br.

8

龙舌百合

8

Asparagus 天门冬属

8

A. acicularis F. T. Wang et S. C. Chen

山文竹

8

A. albus L.

灌木天门冬

8

A. asparagoides Wight

卵叶天门冬

8

A. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr

天门冬

8

A. densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop

非洲天门冬

8

A. falcatus L.

镰叶天门冬

8

A. filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

羊齿天门冬

8

A. lycopodineus (Baker) F. T. Wang et T. Tang

短梗天门冬

8

A. macowanii Baker

松叶武竹

8

A. myriocladus Baker

武竹

8

A. neglectus Kar. et Kir.

新疆天门冬

8

A. officinalis L.

石刁柏

8

A. retrofractus L.

蓬莱松

8

A. setaceus (Kunth) Jessop

文竹

8

A. subscandens F. T. Wang et S. C. Chen

滇南天门冬

8 8

Aspidistra 蜘蛛抱蛋属 A. alternativa D. Fang et L. Y. Yu

忻城蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. bamaensis C. R. Lin, Y. Y. Liang et Yan Liu

巴马蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. caespitosa C. P’ei

丛生蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. cavicola D. Fang et K. C. Yen

洞生蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. cerina G. Z. Li et S. C. Tang

蜡黄蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. claviformis Y. Wan

棒蕊蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. connata Tillich

合瓣蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. cruciformis Y. Wan et X. H. Lu

十字蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. cyathiflora Y. Wan et C. C. Huang

杯花蜘蛛抱蛋

8

377

378

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. daxinensis M. F. Hou et Yan Liu

大新蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. dolichanthera X. X. Chen

长药蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. ebianensis K. Y. Lang et Z. Y. Zhu

峨边蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. elatior Blume

蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. fimbriata F. T. Wang et K. Y. Lang

流苏蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. flaviflora K. Y. Lang et Z. Y. Zhu

黄花蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. fungilliformis Y. Wan

伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. guangxiensis S. C. Tang et Y. Liu

窄瓣蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. hainanensis Chun et F. C. How

海南蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. huanjiangensis G. Z. Li et Y. G. Wei

环江蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. linearifolia Y. Wan et C. C. Huang

线叶蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. longanensis Y. Wan

隆安蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. longiloba G. Z. Li

巨型蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. longipedunculata D. Fang

长梗蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. longipetala S. Z. Huang

长瓣蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. luodianensis D. D. Tao

罗甸蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. lurida Ker.-Gawl.

九龙盘

8

A. marginella D. Fang et L. Zheng

啮边蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. minutiflora Stapf

小花蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. obconica C. R. Lin et Yan Liu

锥花蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. oblongifolia F. T. Wang et K. Y. Lang

长圆叶蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. omeiensis Z. Y. Zhu et J. L. Zhang

峨眉蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. papillata G.Z. Li

乳突蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. patentiloba Y. Wan et X. H. Lu

柳江蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. punctata Lindl.

紫点蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. quadripartita G. Z. Li et S. C. Tang

裂柱蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. retusa K. Y. Lang et S. Z. Huang

广西蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. saxicola Y. Wan

石山蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. sichuanensis K. Y. Lang et Z. Y. Zhu

四川蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. subrotata Y. Wan et C. C. Huang

辐花蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. tonkinensis (Gagnep.) F. T. Wang et K. Y. Lang

大花蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. typica Baill.

卵叶蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. xilinensis Y. Wan et X. H. Lu

西林蜘蛛抱蛋

8

A. yingjiangensis L. J. Peng

盈江蜘蛛抱蛋

8 8

Astroloba 松塔掌属 A. herrei uitew

白夜之塔

B. trifoliata (Ten.) Kunth

罗马风信子

大苍角殿

Campylandra 开口箭属

8 8

Bulbine 须尾草属 B. mesembryanthemoides Haw.

8 8

Bowiea 苍角殿属 B. volubilis Harv.

8 8

Bellevalia 罗马风信属

玉翡翠

8 8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. chinensis (Baker) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang et Turland

开口箭

8

C. delavayi (Franch.) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang et Turland

筒花开口箭

8

C. ensifolia (F. T. Wang et Tang) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang et Turland

剑叶开口箭

8

C. lichuanensis (Y. K. Yang, J. K. Wu et D. T. Peng) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang et Turland

利川开口箭

8

C. longipedunculata (F. T. Wang et S. Yun Liang) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang et Turland

长梗开口箭

8

C. tui (F. T. Wang et Tang) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang et Turland

蝶花开口箭

8

C. wattii C. B. Clarke

弯蕊开口箭

8 8

Cardiocrinum 大百合属 C. cathayanum (E. H. Wilson) Stearn

荞麦叶大百合

8

C. giganteum (Wall.) Makino

大百合

8 8

Chionographis 白丝草属 C. chinensis K. Krause

白丝草

8 8

Chlorophytum 吊兰属 C. capense (L.) Voss

南非吊兰

8

C. comosum (Thunb.) Jacq.

吊兰

8

C. madagascariense Baker

马达加斯加吊兰

8

C. malayense Ridley

大叶吊兰

8

C. nepalense (Lindl.) Backer

西南吊兰

8 8

Colchicum 秋水仙属 C. autumnale L.

秋水仙

8

铃兰

8

8

Convallaria 铃兰属 C. majalis L.

8

Dianella 山菅属 D. ensifolia (L.) DC.

山菅

8 8

Disporopsis 竹根七属 D. aspersa (Hua) Engl. ex K. Krause

散斑竹根七

8

D. fuscopicta Hance

竹根七

8

D. longifolia W. G. Craib

长叶竹根七

8

D. pernyi (Hua) Diels

深裂竹根七

8 8

Disporum 万寿竹属 D. bodinieri (H. Lév. et Vaniot) F. T. Wang et T. Tang

短蕊万寿竹

8

D. calcaratum D. Don

距花万寿竹

8

D. cantoniense (Lour.) Merr.

万寿竹

8

D. nantouense S. S. Ying

南投万寿竹

8

D. sessile D. Don

宝铎草

8

D. trabeculatum Gagnep.

横脉万寿竹

8 8

Diuranthera 鹭鸶草属 D. major Hemsl.

鹭鸶草

8 8

Drimiopsis 豹叶百合属 D. botryoides Baker

麻点百合

8

D. maculata Lindl. et Paxton

阔叶油点百合

8 8

Eucomis 凤梨百合属 E. comosa (Houtt.) Wehrh.

凤梨百合

8

379

380

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Fritillaria 贝母属 F. cirrhosa D. Don

川贝母

8

F. hupehensis P. K. Hsiao et K. C. Hsia

湖北贝母

8

F. imperialis L.

皇冠贝母

8

F. thunbergii Miq.

浙贝母

8 8

Gasteria 鲨鱼掌属 G. acinacifolia (J. Jacq.) Haw.

孔雀扇

8

G. brachyphylla (Salm-Dyck.) van Jaarsv.

假芦荟

8

G. brevifolia Bak.

短叶巨象

8

G. carinata (Mill.) Duval

龙骨鲨鱼掌

8

G. carinata var. verrucosa (Mill.) van Jaarsv.

鲨鱼掌

8

G. disticha (L.) Haw.

青龙刀

8

G. excelsa Baker

暗闇牛

8

G. gracilis Baker

子宝

8

G. nitida var. armstrongii (Schönland) van Jaarsv.

卧牛

8

G. obliqua (Aiton) Duval

墨牟

8

G. pillansii Kensit

卧牛

8 8

Gloriosa 嘉兰属 G. superba L.

嘉兰

8 8

Haworthia 十二卷属 H. attenuata (Haw.) Haw.

垂叶鹰爪草

8

H. attenuata var. redula (Jacq.) M. B. Bayer

松之雪

8

H. coarctata Haw.

龙爪瓦苇

8

H. coarctata var. tenuis (G. G. Smith) M. B. Bayer

黑蜥蜴

8

H. cooperi Baker

水晶掌

8

H. cooperi var. gordoniana (Poelln.) M. B. Bayer

玻璃十二卷

8

H. cooperi var. pilifera (Baker) M. B. Bayer

玉露

8

H. cooperi var. truncata (H. Jacobsen) M. B. Bayer

姬玉露

8

H. cymbiformis (Haw.) Duval

厚叶莲花掌

8

H. cymbiformis var. obtusa (Haw.) Baker

草玉露

8

H. cymbiformis var. transiens (Poelln.) M. B. Bayer

宝透草

8

H. dokenahii var. argenteomaculosa Duval

青蟹

8

H. emelyae Poelln.

白银寿

8

H. emelyae var. comptoniana (G. G. Smith) J. D. Venter et S. A. Hammer

康平寿

8

H. emelyae var. major (G. G. Smith) M. B. Bayer

美吉寿

8

H. emelyae var. multifolia M. B. Bayer

红叶之前

8

H. fasciata Haw.

条纹十二卷

8

H. fasciata var. caespitosa A. Berger

斑马十二卷

8

H. glabrata (Salm-Dyck) Baker

点纹瓦苇

8

H. herbacea (Mill.) Stearn

姬绫锦

8

H. limifolia Marloth

琉璃殿

8

H. magnifica var. splendens J. D. Venter et S. A. Hammer

青蟹寿

8

H. marumiana var. batesiana (Uitew.) M. B. Bayer

菊绘卷

8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. minor (Aiton) Duval

斑叶十二卷

8

H. mirabilis Haw.

黑寿

8

H. parksiana Poelln.

群鲛

8

H. pumila Duval

点纹十二卷

8

H. reinwardtii var. reinwardti (Salm-Dyck) Haw.

鹰爪十二卷

8

H. retusa (L.) Duval

寿

8

H. scabra var. starkiana (Poelln.) M. B. Bayer

龙城

8

H. truncata Schönland

绿玉扇

8

H. truncata var. maughanii (Poelln.) Halda

毛汉十二卷

8

H. turgida var. suberecta Poelln.

雪花寿

8

H. venosa ssp. tessellata (Haw.) M. B. Bayer

龙鳞锉掌

8 8

Hemerocallis 萱草属 H. citrina Baroni

黄花菜

8

H. dumortieri E. Morren

小萱草

8

H. forrestii Diels

西南萱草

8

H. fulva (L.) L.

萱草

8

H. fulva var. kwanso Regel

重瓣萱草

8

H. lilioasphodelus L.

北黄花菜

8

H. middendorffii Trautv. et C. A. Mey.

大苞萱草

8

H. minor Mill.

小黄花菜

8

H. nana Forrest et W. W. Smith

矮萱草

8

H. plicata Stapf

折叶萱草

8 8

Heterosmilax 肖菝葜属 H. gaudichaudiana (Kunth) Maxim.

合丝肖菝葜

8

H. japonica Kunth

肖菝葜

8

H. polyandra Gagnep.

多蕊肖菝葜

8 8

Hosta 玉簪属 H. cathayana F. Maek.

拟紫萼

8

H. ensata F. Maek.

东北玉簪

8

H. fortunei (Baker) L. H. Bailey

狭叶玉簪

8

H. kikutii F. Maek.

菊慈玉簪

8

H. longipes L.

山地玉簪

8

H. montana F. Maek.

山玉簪

8

H. plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers

玉簪

8

H. sieboldiana (Hook.) Engl.

粉叶玉簪

8

H. undulata (Otto et A. Dietr.) L. H. Bailey

波叶玉簪

8

H. ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn

紫萼

8

H. venusta F. Maek.

秀丽玉簪

8 8

Hyacinthus 风信子属 H. orientalis L.

风信子

8 8

Kniphofia 火把莲属 K. citrina Baker

黄花火炬花

8

K. pumila (Ait.) Kunth

矮火炬花

8

381

382

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

K. sarmentosa Kunth

蔓生火炬花

8

K. uvaria (L.) Oken

火炬花

8 8

Ledebouria 油点百合属 L. socialis (Baker) Jessop

油点百合

8 8

Lilium 百合属 L. bakerianum var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Sealy ex Woodcock et Stearn

无斑滇百合

8

L. brownii var. viridulum Baker

百合

8

L. brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez

野百合

8

L. callosum Siebold et Zucc.

条叶百合

8

L. concolor Salisb.

山丹

8

L. concolor var. pulchellum (Fisch.) Regel

有斑山丹

8

L. davidii Duch. ex Elwes

川百合

8

L. duchartrei Franch.

宝兴百合

8

L. lancifolium Thunb.

卷丹

8

L. leucanthum (Baker) Baker

宜昌百合

8

L. lijiangense L. J. Peng

丽江百合

8

L. longiflorum Thunb.

麝香百合

8

L. nepalense D. Don.

紫斑百合

8

L. pumilum Redouté

山丹

8

L. regale E. H. Wilson

岷江百合

8

L. rosthornii Diels

南川百合

8

L. sargentiae E. H. Wilson

泸定百合

8

L. speciosum var. gloriosoides Baker

药百合

8

L. taliense Franch.

大理百合

8

L. tigrinum Ker-Gawl.

卷丹

8

L. tsingtauense Gilg.

青岛百合

8

L. wardii Stapf ex Stern

卓巴百合

8 8

Liriope 山麦冬属 L. graminifolia (L.) Baker

禾叶山麦冬

8

L. minor (Maxim.) Makino

矮小山麦冬

8

L. muscari (Decne.) L. H. Bailey

阔叶山麦冬

8

L. spicata (Thunb.) Lour.

山麦冬

8 8

Maianthemum 舞鹤草属 M. henryi (Baker) La Frankie

管花鹿药

8

M. japonicum (A. Gray) La Frankie

鹿药

8 8

Muscari 蓝壶花属 M. botryoides (L.) Mill.

葡萄风信子

8

M. racemosum Mill.

总状葡萄风信子

8 8

Nomocharis 豹子花属 N. meleagrina Franch.

多斑豹子花

8

Notholirion 假百合属 N. campanulatum Cotton et Stearn Ophiopogon 沿阶草属

8

钟花假百合

8 8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. angustifoliatus (F. T. Wang et Tang) S. C. Chen

短药沿阶草

8

O. bockianus Diels

连药沿阶草

8

O. bodinieri H. Lév.

沿阶草

8

O. chingii F. T. Wang et T. Tang

长茎沿阶草

8

O. clavatus C. H. Wright ex Oliv.

棒叶沿阶草

8

O. corifolius F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

厚叶沿阶草

8

O. dracaenoides (Baker) Hook. f.

褐鞘沿阶草

8

O. fooningensis F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

富宁沿阶草

8

O. grandis W. W. Smith

大沿阶草

8

O. heterandrus F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

异药沿阶草

8

O. intermedius D. Don

间型沿阶草

8

O. jaburan (Siebold) Lodd.

剑叶沿阶草

8

O. japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl.

麦冬

8

O. latifolius L. Rodrigues

大叶沿阶草

8

O. mairei H. Lév.

西南沿阶草

8

O. megalanthus F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

大花沿阶草

8

O. multiflorus Y. Wan

隆安沿阶草

8

O. ogisui M. N. Tamura et J. M. Xu

龙州沿阶草

8

O. peliosanthoides F. T. Wang et T. Tang

长药沿阶草

8

O. pingbienensis F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

屏边沿阶草

8

O. platyphyllus Merr. et Chun

阔叶沿阶草

8

O. reversus C. C. Huang

高节沿阶草

8

O. revolutus F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

卷瓣沿阶草

8

O. sarmentosus F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

匍茎沿阶草

8

O. sinensis Y. Wang et C. C. Huang

中华沿阶草

8

O. stenophyllus (Merr.) L. Rodr.

狭叶沿阶草

8

O. tonkinensis L. Rodr.

多花沿阶草

8

O. tsaii F. T. Wang et T. Tang

簇叶沿阶草

8

O. xylorrhizus F. T. Wang et L. K. Dai

木根沿阶草

8

O. yunnanensis S. C. Chen

滇西沿阶草

8 8

Ornithogalum 虎眼万年青属 O. caudatum Jacq.

虎眼万年青

8 8

Paris 重楼属 P. axialis H. Li

五指莲重楼

8

P. bashanensis Wang et Tang

巴山重楼

8

P. cronquistii (Taknt) H. Li

凌云重楼

8

P. delavayi Franch.

金线重楼

8

P. dunniana H. Lév.

海南重楼

8

P. fargesii Franch.

球药隔重楼

8

P. fargesii var. petiolata (Baker ex C. H. Wright) F. T. Wang et Tang

具柄重楼

8

P. forrestii (Takht.) H. Li

长柱重楼

8

P. luquanensis H.Li

禄劝花叶重楼

8

P. mairei H. Lév.

毛重楼

8

383

384

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. polyphlla var. alba H. Li et R. J. Mitch.

白花重楼

8

P. polyphylla Smith

七叶一枝花

8

P. polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) H. Hara

华重楼

8

P. polyphylla var. pseudothibetica H. Li

长药隔重楼

8

P. polyphylla var. stenophylla Franch.

狭叶重楼

8

P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.

滇重楼

8

P. thibetica Franch.

黑籽重楼

8

P. vietnamensis (Takht) H. Li

南重楼

8 8

Peliosanthes 球子草属 P. macrostegia Hance

大盖球子草

8

P. sinica F. T. Wang et T. Tang

匍匐球子草

8

P. teta Andrews

簇花球子草

8 8

Polygonatum 黄精属 P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle

卷叶黄精

8

P. curvistylum Hua

垂叶黄精

8

P. cyrtonema Hua

多花黄精

8

P. falcatum A. Gray

法尔卡特黄精

8

P. filipes Merr.

长梗黄精

8

P. involucratum (Franch. et Sav.) Maxim.

二苞黄精

8

P. kingianum Collett et Hemsl.

滇黄精

8

P. macropodum Turcz.

热河黄精

8

P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce

玉竹

8

P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth

点花黄精

8

P. sibiricum F. Delaroche

黄精

8

P. stenophyllum Maxim.

狭叶黄精

8

P. verticillatum (L.) All.

轮叶黄精

8

P. zanlanscianense Pamp.

湖北黄精

8 8

Reineckea 吉祥草属 R. carnea (Andrews) Kunth

吉祥草

8

Rohdea 万年青属 R. japonica (Thunb.) Roth

8

万年青

8 8

Ruscus 假叶树属 R. aculeata L.

假叶树

8

R. hypoglossum L.

舌苞假叶树

8 8

Smilax 菝葜属 S. aspericaulis Wall. ex A. Dc.

疣枝菝葜

8

S. bauhinioides Kunth

圆叶菝葜

8

S. bracteata C. Presl

圆锥菝葜

8

S. chapaensis Gagnep.

密疣菝葜

8

S. china L.

菝葜

8

S. cocculoides Warb.

银叶菝葜

8

S. corbularia Kunth

筐条菝葜

8

S. cyclophylla Warb.

合蕊菝葜

8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. davidiana A. DC.

小果菝葜

8

S. discotis Warb.

托柄菝葜

8

S. emeiensis J. M. Xu

峨眉菝葜

8

S. ferox Wall. ex Kunth

长托菝葜

8

S. glabra Roxb.

土茯苓

8

S. glaucochina Warb. ex Diels

黑果菝葜

8

S. hemsleyana W. G. Craib

束丝菝葜

8

S. hypoglauca Benth.

粉背菝葜

8

S. kwangsiensis F. T. Wang et T. Tang

缘毛菝葜

8

S. lanceifolia Roxb.

马甲菝葜

8

S. lanceifolia var. lanceolata (Norton) T. Koyama

长叶菝葜

8

S. lanceifolia var. opaca A. DC.

暗色菝葜

8

S. mecrocarpa A. DC.

大果菝葜

8

S. menispermoidea A. DC.

防己叶菝葜

8

S. microphylla C. H. Wright

小叶菝葜

8

S. myrtillus A. DC.

乌饭叶菝葜

8

S. nigrescens F. T. Wang et C. L. Tang ex P.Y. Li

黑叶菝葜

8

S. nipponica Miq.

白背牛尾菜

8

S. ocreata A. DC.

抱茎菝葜

8

S. perfoliata Lour.

穿鞘菝葜

8

S. polycolea Warb.

红果菝葜

8

S. quadrata A. DC.

方枝菝葜

8

S. riparia A. DC.

牛尾菜

8

S. scobinicaulis C. H. Wright

短梗菝葜

8

S. stans Maxim.

鞘柄菝葜

8 8

Speirantha 白穗花属 S. gardenii (Hook.) Baill.

白穗花

S. simplex D. Don.

腋花扭柄花

夏须草

8 8

Tofieldia 岩菖蒲属 T. thibetica Franch.

8 8

Theropogon 夏须草属 T. pallidus (Wall.) Maxim.

8 8

Streptopus 扭柄花属

岩菖蒲

8 8

Tricyrtis 油点草属 T. latifolia Maxim.

宽叶油点草

8

T. macropoda Miq.

油点草

8

T. maculata (D. Don) Machride

黄花油点草

8 8

Trillium 延龄草属 T. tschonoskii Maxim.

延龄草

8 8

Tulipa 郁金香属 T. edulis (Miq.) Baker

老鸦瓣

8

T. gesneriana L.

郁金香

8

Tupistra 长柱开口箭属

8

385

386

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Liliaceae 百合科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. fungilliformis F. T. Wang et S. Yun Liang

伞柱开口箭

8

T. grandistigma F. T. Wang et S. Yun Liang

长柱开口箭

8

T. longispica Y. Wan et X. H. Lu

长穗开口箭

8 8

Veratrum 藜芦属 V. grandiflorum (Maxim. ex Baker) Loes.

毛叶藜芦

8

V. mengtzeanum Loes.

蒙自藜芦

8

V. nigrum L.

藜芦

8

V. schindleri Loes.

牯岭藜芦

8

V. stenophyllum Diels

狭叶藜芦

8 8

Ypsilandra 丫蕊花属 Y. thibetica Franch.

8

丫蕊花

127. Linaceae 亚麻科 Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple, margin entire, alternate or opposite, estipules or with inconspicuous stipules. Inflorescences cymes, dichasia or scorpion-tail like cymes (raceme like). Flowers regular, bisexual. Sepals (4 or) 5, imbricate, persistent, free. Petals actinomorphic or spirally, often caducous, free or basal connate. Stamens equal to perianth or 2–4 times in numbers, in 1 whorl or sometimes with a whorl of staminodes. Filaments basal spreading, connate into tubular or annular. Ovary superior, 2–3 (5) locular. Carpel often intrude by pseudo-septum, but not connate with axile placenta, 1–2 ovules per locule. Style equal to carpels, free or connate, stigmas various. Fruit a Reinwardtia indica 石海椒 loculicidal capsule, or a drupe with 1 seed. Fourteen genera and ca. 250 species occur worldwide, mostly in temperate regions. Four genera and 14 species found in China. A total of six species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 29% (4/14) species and all the four genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-127

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Linaceae

Linaceae 亚麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Ixonanthes 粘木属 I. chinensis Champ.

粘木

8

I. cochinchinensis Pierre

云南粘木

8 8

Linum 亚麻属 L. perenne L. Reinwardtia 石海椒属

宿根亚麻

8 8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

387

continued Linaceae 亚麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

R. indica Dum.

石海椒

Volume 8 8

Tirpitzia 青篱柴属 T. ovoidea Chun et How ex Sha

米念芭

8

T. sinensis (Hemsl.) Hallier

青篱柴

8

128. Loganiaceae 马钱科 Trees, shrubs, climbers or herbs. Roots, stems, branches and petioles often with endophytic phloem, imlactiferous, with simple, stellate or glandular hairs, often spineless, rarely branches metamorphosed into straight or curved axillary spines. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, margin entire or serrated; often pinnately veined, rarely 3–7 basal veined, petiolate. Stipules present or absent, free or connate with leaf-sheaths, or degenerated into stipule like linear between two petioles. Flowers often bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary or paired, or in 2–3 dichotomous cymes arranged in panicles, corymbs or corymbose, racemes or spikes, sometimes densely capitula or sessile Gelsemium elegans 钩吻 clusters, with bracts and bracteoles. Sepals 4–5-lobed, valvate or imbricate arranged. Corolla sympetalous, 4–5-lobed, a few 8–16-lobed, valvate or imbricate in buds, a few convolute. Stamens often on inner wall of corolla tube, same number as corolla lobes, alternate, rarely degenerated to 1. Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe. Seeds often small, flat or elliptic, spherical, and sometimes winged. Some 29 genera and about 500 species occur mainly in tropical and subtropical regions except Europe. Eight genera and 45 species found in China. A total of 18 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 52% (14/27) species and 75% (6/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-128

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Loganiaceae

Loganiaceae 马钱科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

8

Fagraea 灰莉属 F. ceilanica Thunb.

Volume

灰莉

8 8

Gardneria 蓬莱葛属 G. angustifolia Wall.

狭叶蓬莱葛

8

G. lanceolata Rehder et E. H. Wilson

柳叶蓬莱葛

8

G. multiflora Makino

蓬莱葛

8

G. ovata Wall.

卵叶蓬莱葛

8 8

Gelsemium 钩吻属 G. elegans (Gardn. et Champ.) Benth.

钩吻

8

388

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Loganiaceae 马钱科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. sempervirens (L.) J. St.-Hil.

常绿钩吻藤

8 8

Mitrasacme 尖帽草属 M. pygmaea R. Br.

水田白

8 8

Mitreola 度量草属 M. petiolata (J. F. Gmel.) Torr. et A. Gray

度量草

8

M. pingtaoi D. Fang et D. H. Qin

凤山度量草

8

M. spathulifolia D. Fang et L. S. Zhou

匙叶度量草

8

M. yangchunensis Q. X. Ma, H. G. Ye et F. W. Xing

阳春度量草

8 8

Strychnos 马钱属 S. angustiflora Benth.

牛眼马钱

8

S. axillaris Colebr.

腋花马钱

8

S. cathayensis Merr.

华马钱

8

S. nitida G. Don

毛柱马钱

8

S. nux-vomica L.

马钱子

8

S. wallichiana Steud. ex A. DC.

长籽马钱

8

129. Loranthaceae 桑寄生科 Shrubs, subshrubs, rarely herbs, semi-parasitic, often aerial parasitic on stems or branches of woody plants, rarely on roots of other trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or whorled, margin entire or leaf degenerated scaly, estipules. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, monoecious or dioecious, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Inflorescences racemes, spikes, cymes or corymb, sometimes solitary, axillary or terminal, with bracts, some with bracteoles. Receptacle ovoid to discoid or spreading. Accessory calyx short, entire or lobed, or absent. Perianth segments 3–6 (–8), petal- or sepal-like, Scurrula parasitica 红花寄生 valvate, free or connate into corolla tubes. Stamens equal to perianth segments, opposite. Filaments short or absent. Fruit a berry, pericarp leathery or fleshy, mesocarp mucilaginous. Seed 1, adnate to endocarp, testa absent. 60–68 genera and 700–950 species occur mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Some 11 genera and 68 species found in China. A total of 23 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 34% (23/68) species and 73% (8/11) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-129

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

389

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Loranthaceae

Loranthaceae 桑寄生科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Dendrophthoe 五蕊寄生属 D. pentandra (L.) Miq.

五蕊寄生

8 8

Elytranthe 大苞鞘花属 E. albida (Blume) Blume

大苞鞘花

8 8

Helixanthera 离瓣寄生属 H. coccinea (Jack) Danser

景洪离瓣寄生

8

H. parasitica Lour.

离瓣寄生

8

H. pierrei Danser

密花离瓣寄生

8

H. sampsonii (Hance) Danser

油茶离瓣寄生

8 8

Korthalsella 栗寄生属 K. japonica (Thunb.) Engl.

栗寄生

8 8

Macrosolen 鞘花属 M. bibracteolatus (Hance) Danser

双花鞘花

8

M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) van Tiegh.

鞘花

8

M. robinsonii (Gamble) Danser

短序鞘花

8

M. suberosus (Lauterb.) Danser

勐腊鞘花

8 8

Scurrula 梨果寄生属 S. chingii (Cheng) H. S. Kiu

卵叶梨果寄生

8

S. chingii var. yunnanensis H. S. Kiu

澜沧江寄生

8

S. ferruginea (Jacq.) Danser

锈毛梨果寄生

8

S. parasitica L.

红花寄生

8

S. parasitica var. graciliflora (Wall. ex DC.) H. S. Kiu

小红花寄生

8

S. philippensis (Cham. et Schltdl.) G. Don

梨果寄生

8

S. pulverulenta (Wall.) G. Don

白花寄生

8 8

Taxillus 钝果寄生属 T. chinensis (DC.) Danser

广寄生

8

T. limprichtii var. longiflorus (Lecomte) H. S. Kiu

亮叶木兰寄生

8 8

Viscum 槲寄生属 V. articulatum Burm. f.

扁枝斛寄生

8

V. loranthi Elmer.

聚花槲寄生

8

V. monoicum Roxb. ex DC.

五脉斛寄生

8

V. multinerve (Hayata) Hayata

柄果斛寄生

8

V. ovalifolium DC.

瘤果槲寄生

8

V. yunnanense H. S. Kiu

云南槲寄生

8

130. Lowiaceae 兰花蕉科 Herbs, perennial, with rhizomes. Leaves basal, distichous, lanceolate or oblong, with conspicuous grid veins. Petiole basal with sheath. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic. Inflorescences cymes or solitary, from rhizomes,

390

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

bracteate. Calyx 3, regular. Petals 3, unequal size, central 1 large and colored, called labellum, 2 lateral ones very small, apical awn-like. Stamens 5, anthers 2-loculed, longitudinal dehiscent. Ovary inferior, apical elongate tubular, calyx tube like, 3-locule; ovules many on axile placentae. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal. Seeds with arillate. One genus and ten species occur in Cambodia, China, Indonesia (Borneo), Laos, Malaysia and Vietnam. Three species found in China. A total of two species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. Orchidantha chinensis 兰花蕉 A number of 67% (2/3) species and the only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-130

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lowiaceae

Lowiaceae 兰花蕉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Orchidantha 兰花蕉属 O. chinensis T. L. Wu

兰花蕉

8

O. chinensis var. longisepala (D. Fang) T. L. Wu

长萼兰花蕉

8

O. fimbriata Holttum

流苏兰花蕉

8

131. Lythraceae 千屈菜科 Herbs, shrubs or trees, young shoots often quadrilateral and sometimes spiny. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, margin entire, sometimes with black glandular spots underneath. Stipules slender or absent. Flowers bisexual, usually actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, solitary or tufted, or in terminal or axillary spikes, racemes or panicles. Calyx tubular or campanulate, smooth or angular, sometimes spurred, free from ovaries and enclosing, 3–6-lobed, rarely to 16-lobed, valvate, with or without appendages between lobes. Petals equal to calyx lobes or apetalous. Petals, if present, on calyx tube edge and crinkled in buds. Stamens often multiple times to petals in numbers, sometimes ±, inserted on calyx tube, but below petals. Filaments, irregular, often broken in buds. Fruit a capsule, leathery or membranous, 2–6-loculed, rarely 1-loculed, transversely or irregularly dehiscent, rarely indehiscent. Seeds numerous and various appearance. About 31 genera and 625–650 species widespread in tropical regions, less in temperate regions. Some 11 genera and 40 species found in China.

Lythrum salicaria 千屈菜

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

391

A total of 39 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 48% (19/40) species and 82% (9/11) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-131

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lythraceae

Lythraceae 千屈菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Ammannia 水苋菜属 A. arenaria Kunth.

耳基水苋

8

A. baccifera L.

水苋菜

8

A. multiflora Roxb.

多花水苋

8

黄金柳

8

A. senegalensis Lam.

8

Cuphea 萼距花属 C. balsamona Cham. et Schltdl.

香膏萼距花

8

C. hookeriana Walp.

萼距花

8

C. hyssopifolia Kunth

细叶萼距花

8

C. lanceolata Ait.

披针叶萼距花

8

C. micropetala Kunth

小瓣萼距花

8

C. platycentra Lem.

火红萼距花

8

牛顿草

8

8

Didiplis 水篱草属 D. diandra (Nutt. ex DC.) Alph. Wood

8

Heimia 黄薇属 H. myrtifolia Cham. et Schltdl.

黄薇

8 8

Lagerstroemia 紫薇属 L. balansae Koehne

毛萼紫薇

8

L. calyculata Kurz

附萼紫薇

8

L. caudata Chun et How ex S. Lee et L. Lan

尾叶紫薇

8

L. fauriei Koehne

福利埃氏紫薇

8

L. fordii Oliv. et Koehne

广东紫薇

8

L. guilinensis S. Lee et L. Lau

桂林紫薇

8

L. indica L.

紫薇

8

L. intermedia Koehne

云南紫薇

8

L. limii Merr.

福建紫薇

8

L. micrantha Merr.

小花紫薇

8

L. parviflora Roxb.

小叶紫薇

8

L. siamica Gagnep.

南洋紫薇

8

L. speciosa (L.) Pers.

大花紫薇

8

L. subcostata Koehne

南紫薇

8

L. tomentosa C. Presl

绒毛紫薇

8

L. venusta Wall. ex Clarke

西双紫薇

8

L. villosa Wall. ex Kurz

毛紫薇

8 8

Lawsonia 散沫花属 L. inermis L.

散沫花

L. salicaria L.

千屈菜

8 8

Rotala 节节菜属 R. indica (Willd.) Koehne

8 8

Lythrum 千屈菜属

节节菜

8

392

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Lythraceae 千屈菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. macrandra Koehne

红蝴蝶

8

R. mexicana Schltdl. et Cham.

轮叶节节菜

8

R. pusilla Tul.

南美小百叶

8

R. rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne

圆叶节节菜

8

R. wallichii Koehne

瓦氏节节菜

8 8

Woodfordia 虾子花属 W. fruticosa (L.) Kurz.

8

虾子花

132. Magnoliaceae 木兰科 Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, tufted or nearly whorled, simple, margin entire, rarely lobed. Flowers, terminal, axillary, seldom in cymes of 2–3 flowers. Perianth segments often petal like. Stamens numerous; ovaries superior; carpels many, free, rarely connate, insect-pollination; ovules on ventral suture. Embryos small and endosperm copious. Seventeen genera and ca. 300 species occur mainly in Southeast Asia and Central America, Eastern and Southern North America, including Mexico and Antilles, and Northern South America. Some 14 genera and ca. 116 species found in China. A total of 156 species, one subspecies and nine Manglietia megaphylla 大叶木莲 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 53% (61/116) species and 79% (11/14) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-132

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Magnoliaceae

Magnoliaceae 木兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. cathcartii (Hook. f. et Thomson) Dandy

长蕊木兰

8 8

Kmeria 单性木兰属 K. duperreana (Pierre) Dandy

Volume 8

Alcimandra 长蕊木兰属

柬单性木兰

8 8

Liriodendron 鹅掌楸属 L. chinense (Hemsl.) Sargent.

鹅掌楸

8

L. tulipifera L.

北美鹅掌楸

8 8

Magnolia 木兰属 M. acuminata L.

尖叶木兰

8

M. albosericea Chun et C. Tsoong

绢毛木兰

8

M. amoena Cheng

天目木兰

8

M. ashei Weath.

阿氏木兰

8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Magnoliaceae 木兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. bawangensis Y. W. Law, R. Z. Zhou et D. M. Liu

霸王木兰

8

M. biondii Pampan.

望春玉兰

8

M. biondii var. purpurascens Y. L. Wang et S. Z. Zhang

紫望春玉兰

8

M. campbellii Hook. f. et Thomson

滇藏木兰

8

M. championii Benth.

香港木兰

8

M. coco (Lour.) DC.

夜香木兰

8

M. cylindrica Wils.

黄山木兰

8

M. dawsoniana Rehd. et Wils.

光叶木兰

8

M. dealbata Zucc.

墨西哥木兰

8

M. delavayi Franch.

山玉兰

8

M. denudata Desr.

玉兰

8

M. denudata var. glabrata (Law et R. Z. Zhou) Y. L. Wang et S. Z. Zhang

华中木兰

8

M. fraseri Walter

弗拉氏木兰

8

M. globosa Hook. f. et Thomson

毛叶玉兰

8

M. grandiflora L.

荷花玉兰

8

M. grandiflora var. lanceolata Aiton

窄叶荷花玉兰

8

M. guangnanica Law et S. C. Yang

广南木兰

8

M. henryi Dunn

大叶木兰

8

M. heshanensis Law et R. Z. Zhou

鹤山玉兰

8

M. hypoleuca Sieb. et Zucc.

日本厚朴

8

M. kobus DC.

日本辛夷

8

M. kobus var. borealis Sarg.

北方木兰

8

M. liliflora Desr.

紫玉兰

8

M. liliifera Baill.

黄花木兰

8

M. macrophylla Michx.

巨叶木兰

8

M. menglunica Q. W. Zeng et Law

勐仑木兰

8

M. multiflora M. C. Wang et C. L. Min

多花木兰

8

M. mulunica Y. W. Law et Q. W. Zeng

木论木兰

8

M. odoratissima Law et R. Z. Zhou

馨香玉兰

8

M. officinalis Rehd. et Wils.

厚朴

8

M. officinalis ssp. biloba (Rehd. et Wils.) Law

凹叶厚朴

8

M. paenetalauma Dandy

长叶木兰

8

M. phanerophlebia B. L. Chen

显脉木兰

8

M. pilocarpa Z. Z. Zhao et Z. W. Xie

罗田玉兰

8

M. polytepala Law, R. Z. Zhou et R. J. Zhang

多瓣紫玉兰

8

M. pyramidata Bartram

塔形木兰

8

M. rostrata W. W. Smith

长喙厚朴

8

M. salicifolia Maxim.

柳叶木兰

8

M. sargentiana Rehd. et Wils.

凹叶木兰

8

M. shangsiensis Law, R. Z. Zhou et H. F. Chen

上思木兰

8

M. sieboldii K. Koch

天女木兰

8

M. sinensis (Rehd. et Wils.) Stapf

圆叶玉兰

8

M. sinostellata P. L. Chiu et Z. H. Chen

景宁木兰

8

393

394

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Magnoliaceae 木兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. soulangeana Soul.-Bod.

二乔木兰

8

M. sprengeri Pamp.

武当木兰

8

M. stellata (Siebold et Zucc.) Maxim

星花木兰

8

M. tripetala L.

三瓣木兰

8

M. virginiana L.

弗吉尼亚木兰

8

M. virginiana var. australis Sargent

南方木兰

8

M. viridula (D. L. Fu, T. B. Chao et G. H. Tian) Noot.

青皮玉兰

8

M. wilsonii (Finet et Gagnep.) Rehd.

西康玉兰

8

M. zenii W. C. Cheng

宝华玉兰

8 8

Manglietia 木莲属 M. admirabilis Law et R. Z. Zhou

奇异木莲

8

M. albistaminata Law et R. Z. Zhou

白蕊木莲

8

M. aromatica Dandy

香木莲

8

M. calcarea X. H. Song

石山木莲

8

M. chevalieri Dandy

睦南木莲

8

M. chingii Dandy

桂南木莲

8

M. crassipes Law

粗梗木莲

8

M. decidua Q. Y. Zheng

落叶木莲

8

M. duclouxii Finet et Gagnep.

川滇木莲

8

M. fordiana Oliv.

木莲

8

M. forrestii W. W. Smith ex Dandy

滇桂木莲

8

M. garrettii Craib

泰国木莲

8

M. glauca Blume

灰木莲

8

M. glaucifolia Law et Y. F. Wu

苍背木莲

8

M. grandis Hu et Cheng

大果木莲

8

M. guangnanica D. X. Li et R. Z. Zhou

广南木莲

8

M. guangzhouensis A. Q. Dong, Q. W. Zeng et F. W. Xing

广州木莲

8

M. hainanensis Dandy

海南木莲

8

M. hookeri Cubitt et W. W. Smith

中缅木莲

8

M. insignis (Wall.) Blume

红花木莲

8

M. jinggangshanensis R. L. Liu et Z. X. Zhang

井冈山木莲

8

M. kaifui Q. W. Zeng et X. M. Hu

开甫木莲

8

M. kwangtungensis (Merr.) Dandy

广东木莲

8

M. longipedunculata Q. W. Zeng et Y. W. Law

长梗木莲

8

M. lucida B. L. Chen et S. C. Yang

亮叶木莲

8

M. maguanica Chang et B. L. Chen

马关木莲

8

M. megaphylla Hu et Cheng

大叶木莲

8

M. miechangensis Y. W. Law et D. X. Li

蔑厂木莲

8

M. oblonga Law, R. Z. Zhou et X. S. Qin

椭圆叶木莲

8

M. ovoidea Chang et B. L. Chen

卵果木莲

8

M. pachyphylla Chang

厚叶木莲

8

M. patungensis Hu

巴东木莲

8

M. rostrata D. X. Li et R. Z. Zhou

长喙木莲

8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Magnoliaceae 木兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. rufibarbata Dandy

锈毛木莲

8

M. sapaensis N. H. Xia et Q. N. Vu

沙巴木莲

8

M. sinoconifera F. N. Wei

那坡木莲

8

M. szechuanica Hu

四川木莲

8

M. ventii N. V. Tiep

毛果木莲

8

M. xinganica Law et R. Z. Zhou

兴安木莲

8

M. yuyuanensis Law

乳源木莲

8 8

Manglietiastrum 华盖木属 M. sinicum Law

华盖木

8 8

Michelia 含笑属 M. aenea Dandy

铜色含笑

8

M. alba DC.

白兰

8

M. balansae (A. DC.) Dandy

苦梓含笑

8

M. balansae var. appressipubescens Law

细毛苦梓

8

M. calcicola C. Y. Wu

灰岩含笑

8

M. caloptila Law et Y. F. Wu

美毛含笑

8

M. cavaleriei Finet et Gagnep.

平伐含笑

8

M. champaca L.

黄兰

8

M. chapensis Dandy

乐昌含笑

8

M. compressa (Maxim.) Sarg.

台湾含笑

8

M. compressa var. lanyuensis S. Y. Lu

兰屿含笑

8

M. coriacea Chang et B. L. Chen

西畴含笑

8

M. crassipes Law

紫花含笑

8

M. doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

南亚含笑

8

M. elegans Law et Y. F. Wu

雅致含笑

8

M. fadouensis D. X. Li et Law

法斗含笑

8

M. fallax Dandy

灰绒含笑

8

M. figo (Lour.) Spreng

含笑

8

M. flaviflora Law et Y. F. Wu

素黄含笑

8

M. floribunda Finet et Gagnep.

多花含笑

8

M. foveolata Merr. ex Dandy

金叶含笑

8

M. foveolata var. cinerascens Law et Y. F. Wu

灰毛含笑

8

M. fujianensis Q. F. Zheng

福建含笑

8

M. fulgens Dandy

亮叶含笑

8

M. funingensis D. X. Li et Y. W. Law

富宁含笑

8

M. gigantea D. X. Li et R. Z. Zhou

高大含笑

8

M. guangdongensis Y. H. Yan, Q. W. Zeng et F. W. Xing

广东含笑

8

M. guangxiensis Law et R. Z. Zhou

广西含笑

8

M. gushanensis D. X. Li et Law

咕山含笑

8

M. hedyosperma Law

香子含笑

8

M. ingrata B. L. Chen et S. C. Yang

金花含笑

8

M. lacei W. W. Smith

壮丽含笑

8

M. macclurei Dandy

醉香含笑

8

395

396

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Magnoliaceae 木兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. macclurei var. sublanea Dandy

展毛含笑

8

M. martinii (Lévl.) Lévl.

黄心夜合

8

M. maudiae Dunn

深山含笑

8

M. mediocris Dandy

白花含笑

8

M. microcarpa B. L. Chen et S. C. Yang

小果含笑

8

M. opipara Chang et B. L. Chen

马关含笑

8

M. pingbianica R. Z. Zhou et Q. W. Zeng

大围山含笑

8

M. platypetala Hand.-Mazz.

阔瓣含笑

8

M. rufivillosa D. X. Li et S. C. Yang

红毛含笑

8

M. shiluensis Chun et Y. E. Wu

石碌含笑

8

M. sirindhorniae (Noot. et Chal.) N. H. Xia et X. H. Zhang

诗琳通含笑

8

M. skinneriana Dunn

野含笑

8

M. sphaerantha C. Y. Wu ex Law et Y. F. Wu

球花含笑

8

M. szechuanica Dandy

川含笑

8

M. velutina DC.

绒叶含笑

8

M. virensipetala Law et R. Z. Zhou

绿瓣含笑

8

M. wilsonii Finet et Gagnep.

峨眉含笑

8

M. xanthantha C. Y. Wu ex Law et Y. F. Wu

黄花含笑

8

M. xanthostamina D. X. Li et Law

黄蕊含笑

8

M. xinningia Law et R. Z. Zhou

新宁含笑

8

M. yunnanensis Franch. ex Finet et Gagnep.

云南含笑

8

M. yunshanensis Law et R. Z. Zhou

云山含笑

8 8

Parakmeria 拟单性木兰属 P. kachirachirai (Kaneh. et Yamam.) Law

恒春拟单性木兰

8

P. lotungensis (Chun et Tsoong) Law

乐东拟单性木兰

8

P. nitida (W. W. Smith) Law

光叶拟单性木兰

8

P. omeiensis Cheng

峨眉拟单性木兰

8

P. yunnanensis Hu

云南拟单性木兰

8 8

Paramichelia 合果木属 P. baillonii (Pierre) Hu

合果木

8 8

Talauma 盖裂木属 T. hodgsonii Hook. f. et Thomson

盖裂木

8

T. siamensis Dandy

泰国盖裂木

8 8

Tsoongiodendron 观光木属 T. odorum Chun

观光木

8

Woonyoungia 焕镛木属 W. septentrionalis (Dandy) Y. W. Law

8

焕镛木

8

133. Malpighiaceae 金虎尾科 Shrubs, trees, or woody lianas, often covered by distichous or simple pubescence. Leaves simple, often opposite, rarely alternate or 3-whorled, margin entire, abaxial and petiole often with glandular. Stipules present or absent. Inflorescence racemes, axillary or terminal, solitary or compounded panicles. flowers often bisexual,

IV

actinomorphic or obliquely zygomorphic. Pedicels articulate, 2-bracteolate. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricate, rarely valvate, with glands on lower surface, rarely glands absent. Petals 5, often imbricate, basal clawed, margin hairy, serrated or fimbriate. Stamen 5 + 5, outer whorl paired opposite to petals. Filament basal often connate. Anther 2-locular, longitudinal dehiscent. Flower disc inconspicuous. Ovary superior, 3-locular, axile placenta, ovule 1 pendulous and semi-anatropous in each locule. Style 3, sometimes connate into 1, persistent. Fruit a winged schizocarp, indehiscent or rarely 2 valvular dehiscent, or fleshy drupe-like, or capsule. About 65 genera and ca. 1280 species occur in tropical and subtropical regions, mainly American. Six genera and 24 species found in China. A total of 13 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 42% (10/24) species and 83% (5/6) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-133

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

Tristellateia australasiae 三星果藤

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Malpighiaceae

Malpighiaceae 金虎尾科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Aspidopterys 盾翅藤属 A. floribunda Hutch.

多花盾翅藤

8

A. glabriuscula (Wall.) A. Juss.

盾翅藤

8

A. henryi Hutch.

蒙自盾翅藤

8

A. obcordata Hemsl.

倒心盾翅腾

8 8

Bunchosia 林咖啡属 B. armeniaca (Cav.) DC.

文雀西亚木

H. glabra Hook. et Arn.

8 8

Heteropterys 异翅藤属 狭叶异翅藤

8 8

Hiptage 风筝果属 H. benghalensis (L.) Kurz

风筝果

8

H. benghalensis var. tonkinensis (Dop) S. K. Chen

越南风筝果

8

H. candicans Hook. f.

白花风筝果

8

H. candicans var. harmandiana (Pierre) Dop

越南白花风筝果

8

H. minor Dunn

小花风筝果

8 8

Malpighia 金虎尾属 M. coccigera L.

金虎尾

8

M. glabra L.

西印度樱桃

8 8

Thryallis 金英属 T. gracilis O. Kuntze

金英

T. australasiae A. Rich.

8 8

Tristellateia 三星果属 三星果藤

8

397

398

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

134. Malvaceae 锦葵科 Herbs, shrubs and trees. Leaves alternate, simple or divided, often palmately veined, stipulate. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, clustered into cymose to panicle, bisexual, actinomorphic. Sepals 3–5, free or connate; with bracteoles (accessory calyx) 3-merous below. Petals 5, free but connate to base of stamen tube. Stamens many, connate into tubular. Anther 1-locule, pollen spiny. Ovary superior, 2 to many locular, often 5-locule, 2–5 or more carpels surrounded axis. Style apex dichotomous or capitate, 1 to many ovules per locule. Styles equal to carpels or twice as many. Fruit a capsule, often a schizocarp separating into individual mericarps, rarely berrylike. Seeds reniform or obovate, hairy to glabrous. About 100 genera and ca. 1000 species occur in tropical and temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. About 16 genera and 102 species found in China. A total of 65 species, 11 varieties and four forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 56% (57/102) species and 88% (14/16) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-134

Abelmoschus esculentus 咖啡黄葵

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Malvaceae

Malvaceae 锦葵科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Abelmoschus 秋葵属 A. crinitus Wall.

长毛黄葵

8

A. esculentus (L.) Moench

咖啡黄葵

8

A. manihot (L.) Medic.

黄蜀葵

8

A. manihot var. pungens (Roxb.) Hochr.

刚毛黄蜀葵

8

A. moschatus (L.) Medic.

黄葵

8

A. sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.

箭叶秋葵

8 8

Abutilon 苘麻属 A. indicum (L.) Sweet

磨盘草

8

A. paniculatum Hand.-Mazz.

圆锥苘麻

8

A. striatum Dickson

金铃花

8

A. theophrasti Medicus

苘麻

8 8

Alcea 蜀葵属 A. rosea L.

蜀葵

8

Althaea 药葵属 A. officinalis L. Gossypium 棉属

8

药蜀葵

8 8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Malvaceae 锦葵科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. barbadense L.

海岛棉

8

G. herbaceum L.

草棉

8

G. hirsutum L.

棉花

8 8

Hibiscus 木槿属 H. acetosella Welw. ex Hiern

紫叶槿

8

H. aridicola Anthony

旱地木槿

8

H. austro-yunnanensis Wu et Feng

滇南芙蓉

8

H. cannabinus L.

大麻槿

8

H. coccineus (Medicus) Walt.

红秋葵

8

H. elatus Sw.

高红槿

8

H. grandiflorus Juss. ex DC.

大花秋葵

8

H. grewiifolius Hassk.

樟叶木槿

8

H. hamabo Siebold et Zucc.

海滨木槿

8

H. indicus (Burm. f.) Hochr.

美丽芙蓉

8

H. macilwraithensis (Fryxell) Craven et B. E. Pfeil

岩河锦葵(白炽花)

8

H. macrophyllus Roxb.

大叶木槿

8

H. militaris Cav.

湿地木槿

8

H. moscheutos L.

芙蓉葵

8

H. mutabilis L.

木芙蓉

8

H. mutabilis f. plenus (Andrews) S. Y. Hu

重瓣木芙蓉

8

H. paramutabilis Bailey

庐山芙蓉

8

H. rosa-sinensis L.

扶桑

8

H. rosa-sinensis var. rubro-plenus Sweet

重瓣朱槿

8

H. sabdariffa L.

玫瑰茄

8

H. schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook. f.

吊灯花

8

H. sinosyriacus Bail.

华木槿

8

H. surattensis L.

刺芙蓉

8

H. syriacus L.

木槿

8

H. syriacus f. albus-plenus Loudon

白花重瓣木槿

8

H. syriacus f. grandiflorus Rehder

大花木槿

8

H. syriacus f. totoalbus T. Moore

白花单瓣木槿

8

H. taiwanensis S. Y. Hu

台湾芙蓉

8

H. tiliaceus L.

黄槿

8

H. trionum L.

野西瓜苗

8

H. yunnanensis S. Y. Hu

云南芙蓉

8 8

Kydia 翅果麻属 K. calycina Roxb.

翅果麻

8

K. glabrescens var. intermedia S. Y. Hu

毛叶翅果麻

8

K. glabrescens Mast.

光叶翅果麻

8 8

Lavatera 花葵属 L. thuringiaca L. Malva 锦葵属

欧亚花葵

8 8

399

400

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Malvaceae 锦葵科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. crispa L.

冬葵

8

M. sinensis Cavan.

锦葵

8

M. sylvestris L.

欧锦葵

8

M. verticillata L.

野葵

8 8

Malvastrum 赛葵属 M. coromandelianum (L.) Garcke

赛葵

8 8

Malvaviscus 悬铃花属 M. arboreus var. drummondii Schery

小悬铃花

8

M. arboreus var. penduliflorus (DC.) Schery

垂花悬铃花

8 8

Pavonia 粉葵属 P. intermedia A. St.-Hil.

帕蓬花

8

P. praemorsa Cav.

南非黄葵

8

P. spinifex (L.) Cav.

美丽粉葵

8 8

Pentapetes 午时花属 P. phoenicea L.

午时花

8 8

Sida 黄花稔属 S. acuta Burm. f.

黄花稔

8

S. alnifolia L.

桤叶黄花稔

8

S. alnifolia var. microphylla (Cav.) S. Y. Hu

小叶黄花稔

8

S. alnifolia var. obovata (Mast.) S. Y. Hu

倒卵叶黄花稔

8

S. alnifolia var. orbiculata S. Y. Hu

圆齿小柴胡

8

S. cordifolia L.

心叶黄花稔

8

S. cordifolioides K. M. Feng

湖南黄花捻

8

S. mysorensis Wight et Arn.

粘毛黄花稔

8

S. rhombifolia L.

白背黄花棯

8

S. subcordata Span.

榛叶黄花稔

8

S. yunnanensis S. Y. Hu

云南黄花稔

8 8

Thespesia 桐棉属 T. lampas (Cav.) Dalzell et A. Gibson

白脚桐棉

8

T. populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa

桐棉

8 8

Urena 梵天花属 U. lobata L.

地桃花

8

U. lobata var. chinensis (Osbeck) S. Y. Hu

中华地桃花

8

U. lobata var. scabriuscula (DC.) Walp.

粗叶地桃花

8

U. lobata var. yunnanensis S. Y. Hu

云南地桃花

8

U. procumbens L.

梵天花

8

U. repanda Roxb.

波叶梵天花

8

135. Marantaceae 竹芋科 Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous or tubers; aerial stems present or absent. Leaves often large, pinnately

IV

parallel veined, often 2 ranks, petiolate, petiole apex swollen, known as pulvinus, sheath at base. Flowers bisexual, asymmetrical, often paired in bracts. Inflorescences terminal spikes, racemes, or dispersed panicles, or inflorescences rising from rhizomes. Sepals 3, free. Corolla tube short or long, 3-lobed, outer one often large and cowl-like. Staminodes and stamen in 2 whorls: outer whorl 1–2 (sometimes absent) petal-like, larger, 2 in inner whorl pocket-like, enclosing styles and hard leathery. Stamen 1 developed, petal-like. Anthers 1-loculed, laterally. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed; ovule 1 each locule. Style oblique, curved, widened, stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule or berrylike fruit. Seeds 1–3, hard. Thirty-one genera and ca. 525 species: pantropical but ca. 80% in America, absent from Australia. Four genera and eight species found in China. A total of 51 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 63% (5/8) species and all the four genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-135

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

Calathea crotalifera 响尾蛇肖竹芋

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Marantaceae

Marantaceae 竹芋科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Calathea 肖竹芋属

8

C. allouia (Aubl.) Lindl.

8

C. bella (W. Bull) Regel

丽叶斑竹芋

8

C. crotalifera S. Watson

响尾蛇肖竹芋

8

C. elliptica (Roscoe) K. Schum.

青纹竹芋

8

C. eximia (K. Koch et C. D. Bouché) Körn. ex Regel C. insignis Petersen

8 箭羽竹芋

C. lanata Petersen

8 8

C. lancifolia Boom

披针叶竹芋

8

C. loeseneri J. F. Macbr.

荷花肖竹芋

8

C. louisae Gagnep.

清秀竹芋

8

C. lutea (Aubl.) E. Mey. ex Schult.

黄花竹芋

8

C. majestica (Linden) H. A. Kenn.

绿羽竹芋

8

C. makoyana E. Morren

孔雀竹芋

8

C. marantifolia Standl.

8

C. ornata (Lind.) Koern.

肖竹芋

8

C. roseopicta (Linden) Regel

彩虹竹芋

8

C. splendida (Lem.) Regel

8

C. varians (K. Koch et Mathieu) Körn.

8

C. warscewiczii (L. Mathieu ex Planch.) Planch. et Linden

紫背天鹅绒竹芋

8

C. zebrina (Sims) Lindl.

绒叶肖竹芋

8

401

402

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Marantaceae 竹芋科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 8

Ctenanthe 栉花芋属 C. amabilis (E. Morren) H. A. Kenn. et Nicolson

可爱紫竹芋

8

C. kummeriana (E. Morren) Eichler

小叶紫背竹芋

8

C. lubbersiana Eichl. ex Petersen

栉花竹芋

8

C. oppenheimiana (E. Morren) K. Schum.

紫背栉花竹芋

8

C. setosa (Roscoe) Eichler

毛柄银羽竹芋

8 8

Donax 竹叶蕉属 D. canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum.

竹叶蕉

8 8

Maranta 竹芋属 M. arundinacea L.

竹芋

8

M. arundinacea var. variegata Hort.

白斑叶竹芋

8

M. bicolor Ker-Gawl.

花叶竹芋

8

M. leuconeura E. Morren

豹纹竹芋

8

M. lietzei (E. Morren) C. H. Nelson, Sutherl. et Fern. Casas

节根竹芋

8

M. ruiziana Körn.

8

Marantochloa 芦竹芋属

8

M. cuspidata (Roscoe) Mine-Rodh.

8

M. leucantha (K. Schum.) Milne-Redh.

长节竹芋

8

M. purpurea (Ridl.) Milne-Redh.

紫花芦竹芋

8 8

Monotagma 单室竹芋属 M. smaragdinum (Linden et André) K. Schum.

天鹅绒竹芋

8 8

Phrynium 柊叶属 P. capitatum Willd.

柊叶

8

P. hainanense T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

海南柊叶

8

P. pedunculiferum D. Fang

具柄柊叶

8

P. placentarium (Lour.) Merr.

尖苞柊叶

8

P. sapiense (Clausager, Mood et Borchs.) Suksathan et Borchs. P. villosum K. Schum.

8 斑叶柊叶(新拟)

P. pruinosa (Regel) K. Schum.

8 8

Pleiostachya 多穗竹芋属 粉被多穗竹芋

8

Sarcophrynium 肉柊叶属

8

S. brachystachys K. Schum.

8

Stachyphrynium 穗花柊叶属

8

S. sinense H. Li

穗花柊叶

S. spicatum (Roxb.) K. Schum.

8 8 8

Stromanthe 紫背竹芋属 S. porteana Gris

伯第紫竹芋

8

S. sanguinea Sond.

紫背竹芋

8

S. tonckat (Aubl.) Eichler

8

Thalia 水竹芋属

8

T. dealbata Fraser

水竹芋

8

T. geniculata L.

垂花水竹芋

8 8

Thaumatococcus 翅果竹芋属 T. daniellii (Benn.) Benth.

翅果竹芋

8

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

403

136. Melastomataceae 野牡丹科 Herbs, shrubs or trees, erect or climbing, terrestrial or a few epiphytic, stems opposite. Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, blade entire or serrated, often 3–5 (–7) basal veined, rarely 9, secondary veins usually parallel, many, rarely pinnately veined. Petiolate or absent, estipules. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, often 4–5, rarely 3 or 6. Inflorescences cymes, corymbs, corymbose or compounded into panicles, or scorpion-tail cymes, rarely solitary, fascicled or spikes, bracteate or ebracteate, bracts opposite, often caducous. Calyx funnelform, campanulate or copular, often 4-edged, connate with ovary basal, often with septates, rarely free, various lobes, rarely truncated. Petals often Tigridiopalma magnifica 虎颜花 bright-colored, on throat of calyx tube, alternate with sepals, usually spiral or imbricate, often oblique. Stamens equal to perianth segments or x1, paired opposite with sepals and petals, or opposite with sepals, heteromorphic or isomorphic, equal or unequal in length, in throat of calyx tube, free, infolded in buds. Filaments filiform, often downward tapering. Fruit a capsule or berry, often apical aperture dehiscent, adnate to persistent calyx. Seeds very small, often 2200 species occur primarily in tropical and subtropical or warm temperate regions of both hemispheres. Six genera and 122 species found in China. A total of 86 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 53% (65/122) species and all six genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-148

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Myrsinaceae

Myrsinaceae 紫金牛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Aegiceras 蜡烛果属 A. corniculatum (L.) Blanco

Volume

蜡烛果

9 9

Ardisia 紫金牛属 A. affinis Hemsl.

细罗伞

9

A. alyxiaefolia Tsiang ex C. Chen

少年红

9

A. botryosa E. Walker

束花紫金牛

9

A. brevicaulis Diels

九管血

9

A. brunnescens Walker

凹脉紫金牛

9

A. caudata Hemsl.

尾叶紫金牛

9

A. chinensis Benth.

小紫金牛

9

A. conspersa Walker

散花紫金牛

9

A. corymbifera Mez

伞形紫金牛

9

A. crassinervosa E. Walker

粗脉紫金牛

9

A. crassirhiza Z. X. Li et F. W. Xing ex C. M. Hu

肉根紫金牛

9

A. crenata Sims

朱砂根

9

A. crispa (Thunb.) A. DC.

百两金

9

A. densilepidotula Merr.

密鳞紫金牛

9

A. depressa C. B. Clarke

圆果罗伞

9

A. elliptica Thunb.

东方紫金牛

9

A. ensifolia E. Walker

剑叶紫金牛

9

A. faberi Hemsl.

月月红

9

A. filiformis E. Walker

狭叶紫金牛

9

A. fordii Hemsl.

灰色紫金牛

9

A. garrettii H. K. Fletcher

小乔木紫金牛

9

A. gigantifolia Stapf

走马胎

9

A. hanceana Mez

大罗伞树

9

A. helferiana Kurz

绣毛紫金牛(新拟)

9

A. hokouensis Y. P. Yang

粗梗紫金牛

9

A. humilis Vahl

矮紫金牛

9

A. hypargyrea C. Y. Wu et C. Chen

柳叶紫金牛

9

A. japonica (Thunb.) Bl.

紫金牛

9

A. lindleyana D. Dietr.

山血丹

9

422

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Myrsinaceae 紫金牛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. maclurei Merr.

心叶紫金牛

9

A. maculosa Mez

珍珠伞

9

A. mamillata Hance

虎舌红

9

A. obtusa Mez

铜盆花

9

A. palysticta Migo

纽子果

9

A. pedalis E. Walker

矮短紫金牛

9

A. polycephala Wall. ex A. DC.

多头紫金牛

9

A. primulifolia Gardn. et Champ.

莲座紫金牛

9

A. pseudocrispa Pit.

块根紫金牛

9

A. pubicalyx var. collinsiae (H. R. Fletcher) C. M. Hu

总序紫金牛(新拟)

9

A. pusilla A. DC.

九节龙

9

A. quinquegona Blume

罗伞树

9

A. replicata E. Walker

卷边紫金牛

9

A. scalarinervis E. Walker

梯脉紫金牛

9

A. shweliensis W. W. Smith

瑞丽紫金牛

9

A. sieboldii Miq.

多枝紫金牛

9

A. silvestris Pit.

短柄紫金牛

9

A. solanacea Roxb.

酸苔菜

9

A. thyrsiflora D. Don

南方紫金牛

9

A. velutina Pit.

紫脉紫金牛

9

A. villosa Roxb.

雪下红

9

A. waitakii C. M. Hu

越南紫金牛

9

E. floribunda Wall.

多花酸藤子

9

E. parviflora Wall.

当归藤

9

E. pauciflora Diels

疏花酸藤子

9

E. ribes Burm. f.

白花酸藤果

9

E. rudis Hand.-Mazz.

网脉酸藤子

9

E. scandens (Lour.) Mez

瘤皮孔酸藤子

9

E. sessiliflora Kurz

短梗酸藤子

9

E. undulata (Wall.) Mez

平叶酸藤子

9

E. vestita Roxb.

密齿酸藤子

9

9

Embelia 酸藤子属

9

Maesa 杜茎山属 M. acuminatissima Merr.

米珍果

9

M. balansae Mez

顶花杜茎山

9

M. brevipaniculata (C. Y. Wu et C. Chen) Pipoly et C. Chen

短序杜茎山

9

M. chisia D. Don

密腺杜茎山

9

M. consanguinea Merr.

拟杜茎山

9

M. hupehensis Rehd.

湖北杜茎山

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

423

continued Myrsinaceae 紫金牛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. indica (Roxb.) A. DC.

包疮叶

9

M. insignis Chun

毛穗杜茎山

9

M. japonica (Roxb.) A. DC.

杜茎山

9

M. laxiflora Pit.

疏花杜茎山

9

M. macilentoides C. Chen

薄叶杜茎山

9

M. membranacea A. DC.

腺叶杜茎山

9

M. montana A. DC.

金珠柳

9

M. perlaria (Lour.) Merr.

鲫鱼胆

9

M. permollis Kurz

毛杜茎山

9

M. ramentacea (Roxb.) A. DC.

称杆树

9

M. salicifolia E. Walker

柳叶杜茎山

9

M. tenera Mez

软弱杜茎山

9 9

Myrsine 铁仔属 M. africana L.

铁仔

9

M. semiserrata Wall.

针齿铁仔

9

M. stolonifera (Koidz.) E. Walker

光叶铁仔

9 9

Rapanea 密花树属 R. cicatricosa C. Y. Wu et C. Chen

多痕密花树

9

R. faberi (Mez) Pipoly et C. Chen

平叶密花树

9

R. kwangsiensis Walker

广西密花树

9

R. linearis (Lour.) S. Moore

打铁树

9

R. neriifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Mez

密花树

9

149. Myrtaceae 桃金娘科 Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, with pinnate or basal veins, entire, often with essential oils-containing cavities, estipulate. Flowers bisexual, sometimes polygamous, solitary or arranged in various inflorescences. Calyx tube and ovary connate; sepals 4–5 or more, sometimes connate. Petals 4–5, sometimes absent, distinct or into a calyptra. Stamens many, inserted at edge disk, introrse or bending at blooming; filaments free or more less connate into short tubes or bundles, opposite to petals. Anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed. Ovary inferior, semi-inferior, carpel 2 or Syzygium samarangense 洋蒲桃 more, locules 1 to many, sometimes pseudoseptum, ovule 1 to several per locule. Style 1; stigma 1, sometimes 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, berry, drupe or nut, apex often with a protruding calyx brim. Seeds 1 to many, exalbuminous or with a thin endosperm, embryo straight or curved, horseshoe-shaped or spiral, testa hard or membranous.

424

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

About 130 genera and 4500–5000 species occur in Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, tropical and temperate Asia, Australia, Pacific islands, tropical and South America. Sixteen genera and 128 species found in China. A total of 135 species and one variety of the family are cultivated at least 9 botanical gardens. A number of 52% (66/128) species and 69% (11/16) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-149

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Myrtaceae

Myrtaceae 桃金娘科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Acca 野凤榴属 A. sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret

Volume

菲油果

9 9

Backhousia 檬香桃属 B. citriodora F. Muell.

柠檬香桃叶

9

B. myrtifolia Hook. et Harv.

硬木香桃叶

9 9

Baeckea 岗松属 B. frutescens L.

岗松

9 9

Callistemon 红千层属 C. citrinus (Curtis) Skeels

美花红千层

9

C. phoeniceus Lindl.

飞凤红千层

9

C. polandii F. M. Bailey

波氏红千层

9

C. rigidus R. Br.

红千层

9

C. salignus (Sm.) Colv. ex Sweet

柳叶红千层

9

C. speciosus (Sims) Sweet

美丽红千层

9

C. viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G. Don

垂枝红千层

9 9

Corymbia 伞房桉属 C. ficifolia (F. Muell.) K. D. Hill et L. A. S. Johnson

红花伞房桉

9

C. maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill et L. A. S. Johnson

斑皮桉

9

C. ptychocarpa (F. Muell.) K. D. Hill et L. A. S. Johnson

皱果桉

9

C. torelliana (F. Muell.) K. D. Hill et L. A. S. Johnson

毛叶桉

9 9

Decaspermum 子楝树属 D. fruticosum J. R. et G. Forst.

五瓣子楝树

9

D. gracilentum (Hance) Merr. et Perry

子楝树

9 9

Eucalyptus 桉属 E. aggregata Deane et Maiden

黑桉

9

E. amplifolia Naud.

广叶桉

9

E. bridgesiana F. Muell. ex R. T. Baker

金钱桉

9

E. camaldulensis Dehnh.

赤桉

9

E. cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth.

银叶桉

9

E. citriodora Hook. f.

柠檬桉

9

E. exserta F. Muell.

隆缘桉

9

E. glaucescens Maiden et Blakely

粉绿桉

9

E. globulus Labill.

蓝桉

9

E. grandis W. Hill

巨桉

9

E. leptophylla F. Muell.

纤脉桉

9

E. longifolia Link

长叶桉

9

E. loxophleba Benth.

斜脉桉

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Myrtaceae 桃金娘科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. maidenii F. Muell.

直杆蓝桉

9

E. microcarpa (Maiden) Maiden

小果桉

9

E. microcorys F. Muell.

小帽桉

9

E. obliqua L’Hér.

斜叶桉

9

E. polyanthemos Schauer

多花桉

9

E. pulverulenta Sims

圆叶桉

9

E. robusta Smith

大叶桉

9

E. rubida Deane et Maiden

红桉

9

E. rudis Endl.

野桉

9

E. saligna Smith

柳叶桉

9

E. tereticornis Smith

细叶桉

9

E. viminalis Labill.

多枝桉

9 9

Eugenia 番樱桃属 E. myrcianthes Nied.

食用樱

9

E. stipitata McVaugh

具柄番樱桃

9

E. uniflora L.

红果仔

9 9

Hakea 荣桦属 H. salicifolia (Vent.) B. L. Burtt

柳叶哈克木

K. graniticola Byrnes

9 9

Kunzea 雪茶木属 石南昆士亚

9 9

Leptospermum 鱼柳梅属 L. brachyandrum (F. Muell.) Druce

美丽薄子木

9

L. petersonii F. M. Bailey

柠檬澳洲茶

9

L. polygalifolium Salisb.

澳洲茶

9

L. scoparium J. R. Forst. et G. Forst.

松红梅

9 9

Lophostemon 红胶木属 L. confertus (R. Brown) Peter G. Wilson et J. T. Waterhouse

红胶木

9 9

Melaleuca 白千层属 M. alternifolia (Maiden et Betche) Cheel

澳洲茶树

9

M. armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm.

垂枝白千层

9

M. bracteata F. Muell.

千层金

9

M. leucadendra (L.) L.

白千层

9

M. linariifolia Smith

狭叶白千层

9

M. quinquenervia S. T. Blake

五脉白千层

9

M. styphelioides Smith

美丽白千层

9

M. viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn.

白树油

9 9

Metrosideros 铁心木属 M. collina (J. R. Forst. et G. Forst.) A. Gray

银叶铁心木

9

M. excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn.

新西兰圣诞树(小)

9 9

Myrcianthes 忍冬番樱属 M. fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh

香六番樱

9

Myrtus 香桃木属 M. communis L.

香桃木 众香 嘉宝果

9 9

Psidium 番石榴属 P. acutangulum Mart. ex DC.

9 9

Plinia 树番樱属 P. cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel

9 9

Pimenta 多香果属 P. racemosa (Mill.) J. W. Moore

9

尖果番石榴

9

425

426

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Myrtaceae 桃金娘科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine

草莓番石榴

9

P. guajava L.

番石榴

9

P. inermis L.

菲律宾番石榴

9 9

Rhodamnia 玫瑰木属 R. dumetorum (Poir.) Merr. et Perry

玫瑰木

R. tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk.

9 9

Rhodomyrtus 桃金娘属 桃金娘

9 9

Sannantha 扁籽岗松属 S. tozerensis (A. R. Bean) Peter G. Wilson

卵叶岗松

9

S. virgata (J. R. Forst. et G. Forst.) Peter G. Wilson

帚状岗松

9 9

Stockwellia 四裂假桉属 S. quadrifida D. J. Carr, S. G. M. Carr et B. Hyland

四裂假桉

9 9

Syzygium 蒲桃属 S. abbreviatum Merr.

红莲雾

9

S. acuminatissimum (Blume) DC.

肖蒲桃

9

S. alliiligneum B. Hyland

洋葱蒲桃

9

S. anisatum (Vickery) Craven et Biffin

茴香蒲桃

9

S. antisepticum (Blume) Merr. et L. M. Perry

美味蒲桃

9

S. aqueum (Burm. f.) Alston

水莲雾

9

S. araiocladum Merr. et Perry

线枝蒲桃

9

S. aromaticum (L.) Merr. et L. M. Perry

丁子香

9

S. australe (J. C. Wendl. ex Link) B. Hyland

澳洲蒲桃

9

S. austrosinense (Merr. et Perry) Chang et Miau

华南蒲桃

9

S. austroyunnanense H. T. Chang et R. H. Miao

滇南蒲桃

9

S. balsameum (Wight) Walp.

香胶蒲桃

9

S. bullockii (Hance) Merr. et Perry

黑嘴蒲桃

9

S. buxifolioideum Chang et Miau

假赤楠

9

S. buxifolium Hook. et Arn.

赤楠

9

S. cathayense Merr. et Perry

华夏蒲桃

9

S. championii (Benth.) Merr. et Perry

子凌蒲桃

9

S. chunianum Merr. et Perry

密脉蒲桃

9

S. claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A. M. Cowan et Cowan

棒花蒲桃

9

S. congestiflorum Chang et Miau

团花蒲桃

9

S. cormiflorum (F. Muell.) B. Hyland

茎花蒲桃

9

S. cumini (L.) Skeels

乌墨

9

S. euonymifolium (Metc.) Merr. et Perry

卫矛叶蒲桃

9

S. fluviatile (Hemsl.) Merr. et Perry

水竹蒲桃

9

S. formosanum (Hayata) Mori

台湾蒲桃

9

S. forrestii Merr. et Perry

滇边蒲桃

9

S. fruticosum (Roxb.) DC.

簇花蒲桃

9

S. globiflorum (Craib) Chantar. et J. Parn.

短药蒲桃

9

S. grande (Wight) Walp.

大蒲桃

9

S. grijsii (Hance) Merr. et L. M. Perry

轮叶蒲桃

9

S. hainanense H. T. Chang et R. H. Miao

海南蒲桃

9

S. hancei Merr. et Perry

红鳞蒲桃

9

S. jambos (L.) Alston

蒲桃

9

S. kwangtungense (Merr.) Merr. et Perry

广东蒲桃

9

S. laosense var. quocense (Gagnep.) Chang et Miau

少花老挝蒲桃

9

S. levinei (Merr.) Merr.

山蒲桃

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Myrtaceae 桃金娘科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. lineatum (DC.) Merr. et L. M. Perry

长花蒲桃

9

S. malaccense (L.) Merr. et L. M. Perry

马六甲蒲桃

9

S. megacarpum (Craib) Rathakr. et N. C. Nair

阔叶蒲桃

9

S. melanophyllum Hung T. Chang et R. H. Miao

黑长叶蒲桃

9

S. myrsinifolium (Hance) Merr. et Perry

竹叶蒲桃

9

S. myrtifolium Walp.

钟花蒲桃

9

S. nervosum DC.

水翁

9

S. oblatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A. M. Cowan et Cowan

高檐蒲桃

9

S. odoratum (Lour.) DC.

香蒲桃

9

S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp.

多花蒲桃

9

S. polypetaloideum Merr. et Perry

假多瓣蒲桃

9

S. rehderianum Merr. et Perry

红枝蒲桃

9

S. rockii Merr. et Perry

滇西蒲桃

9

S. rysopodum Merr. et Perry

皱萼蒲桃

9

S. samarangense (Bl.) Merr. et Perry

洋蒲桃

9

S. sterrophyllum Merr. et Perry

硬叶蒲桃

9

S. szemaoense Merr. et Perry

思茅蒲桃

9

S. tephrodes (Hance) Merr. et L. M. Perry

方枝蒲桃

9

S. tetragonum (Wight) Wall. ex Walp.

四角蒲桃

9

S. thumra (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry

黑叶蒲桃

9

S. tsoongii (Merr.) Merr. et Perry

狭叶蒲桃

9

S. yunnanense Merr. et Perry

云南蒲桃

9 9

Xanthostemon 金缨木属 X. chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth.

金蒲桃

9

X. verticillatus (C. T. White et W. D. Francis) L. S. Sm.

舞女蒲桃

9

X. youngii C. T. White et W. D. Francis

年青蒲桃

9

150. Najadaceae 茨藻科 Herbs, annual, submerged, habitats fresh or shallow sea water. Plants slender, flexible, dichotomous or monopodial branching; lower part prostrate or with rhizomes. Stems smooth or spiny, with adventitious roots at nodes. Leaves linear, sessile, astomatous, arranged variously; veins 1 to many; margin entire or serrated; leaf basal swollen into sheath or with sheath like stipules; auricle and ligule absent or present. Flowers unisexual, solitary, tufted or in inflorescence, axillary or terminal, monoecious or dioecious. Male flowers without or with perianth or with bracts; filaments slender or absent; anthers 1-, 2- or 4-celled, longitudinally or irregularly dehiscent; pollen grains Najas minor 小茨藻 round, oblong or filiform. Female flowers without perianth or with bract; carpels 1, 2 or 4, distinct; stigma 2 lobed or oblique shield like. Fruit a achene. About 40 species occur nearly worldwide. Three genera and five species found in China.

427

428

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

A total of five species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A number of 100% (5/5) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-150

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Najadaceae

Najadaceae 茨藻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Najas 茨藻属 N. chinensis N. Z. Wang

东方茨藻

9

N. graminea Delile

草茨藻

9

N. marina L.

大茨藻

9

N. minor All.

小茨藻

9 9

Zannichellia 角果藻属 Z. palustris L.

角果藻

9

151. Nelumbonaceae 莲科 Herbs perennial, aquatic. Rhizomes prostrate and stout. Leaves floating or emersed; leaf blade suborbicular, peltate, entire, veins radial. Flowers large, showing, above water surface; sepals 4–5; petals large, yellow, red, pink or white, inner ring stamen like petaloid. Anther connectives with a long and thin inward curved appendage at apex. Styles short; stigmas terminal. Receptacle spongy, swollen at fruit stage. Fruit a nutlike, oblong or globose. Seeds exalbuminous, cotyledons fleshy. One genus and two species occur in East and South Asia, North Australia, Central and North America. One species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated Nelumbo nucifera 莲 in at least nine botanical gardens. Only one species of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-151

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Nelumbonaceae

Nelumbonaceae 莲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Nelumbo 莲属 N. lutea (Willd.) Pers.

黄花莲

9

N. nucifera Gaertn.

莲

9

152. Nepenthaceae 猪笼草科 Herbs or shrubs, sometimes woody, erect, climbing or prostrate, up to 15 m tall. Stems cylindric or triangular, glabrous or pubescent, simple or branched. Leaves alternate, sessile or petiolate. Perfect leaves

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

429

include 5 parts: petiole, blade, tendril formed by prolonging midvein, pitcher with a lid at upper part of tendril or apex of tendril. Flowers regular, bract absent, unisexual, often in inflorescence racemose, panicles or scorpion cymes with secondary branches, perianths 3–4, with or without pubescence on lower surface, with glands and nectaries on upper surface, usually free and arranged in 2 whorls by 2-merous, spreading, rarely basal connate into an inverted cone-shaped perianth tube. Male flower 4–24 stamens, filaments united into a column, anthers aggressed a capitate at apex, outward longitudinal dehiscent, 2-celled. Female flowers pistil 1, Nepenthes mirabilis 猪笼草 carpels 3–4 opposite to perianth; ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, 3–4 valved, leathery, loculicidally. Seeds numerous, filiform, ovoid, testa elongated toward both ends, rarely testa not elongated. One genus and ca. 85 species occur in Africa (Madagascar), South and Southeast Asia, North Australia, Pacific Islands (Caroline Islands). One species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-152

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Nepenthaceae

Nepenthaceae 猪笼草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Nepenthes 猪笼草属 N. mirabilis (Lour.) Druce

猪笼草

9

N. ventricosa Blanco

葫芦猪笼草

9

153. Nyctaginaceae 紫茉莉科 Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes spiny. Leaves simple, opposite, alternate, or pseudo-verticillate, entire, petiolate, estipulate. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual or polygamous; solitary, clustered or in cymose or corymb; often with bracts or bracteoles, some brightly colored. Perianth monolayer, often corolla like, cylindric or funnelform, sometimes campanulate, lower part connate into a tube, 5–10 lobes at apex, valvate or plicate arranged in buds, persistent. Stamens 1 to many, often 3–5, hypogynous. Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovule 1. Style 1, stigma globose, lobed or not. Fruit an achenelike anthocarp, sometimes winged, often glandular, often enclosed in persistent Bougainvillea spectabilis 叶子花 perianth. About 30 genera and 300 species occur in tropics and subtropics, mainly in tropical America. Seven genera and 13 species found in China.

430

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

A total of six species of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 46% (6/13) species and 57% (4/7) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-153

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Nyctaginaceae

Nyctaginaceae 紫茉莉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Boerhavia 黄细心属 B. diffusa L.

9

黄细心

9

Bougainvillea 叶子花属 B. glabra Choisy

光叶子花

9

B. spectabilis Willd.

叶子花

9 9

Mirabilis 紫茉莉属 M. jalapa L.

9

紫茉莉

9

Pisonia 腺果藤属 P. aculeata L.

腺果藤

9

P. grandis R. Br.

抗风桐

9

154. Nymphaeaceae 睡莲科 Herbs perennial, rarely annual, aquatic or marshy; rhizomes submerged. Leaves often dimorphic: floating or emersed leaves alternate, heart to peltate shaped, with long petioles and stipules when sprouting; submerged leaves slim and sometimes slightly lobes. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary at apex of pedicel. Sepals 3–12, often 4–6, green, petaloid, free or adnate to receptacle. Petals 3 to many, often transitional to stamens. Stamens 6 to many. Anthers introrse, lateral or extrorse, longitudinal slits. Pistil 1, carpels 3 to many, Nymphaea rubra 红花睡莲 free, or connate into 1 multicellular ovary, or embedded in enlarged receptacle. Stigmas distinct, radiate or annular plate. Ovary superior, semi-inferior or inferior, ovule 1 to many, orthotropous or anatropous, pendulous from apex of ovary or on inner wall of ovary. Fruit a nut or berrylike, indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent. Six genera and ca. 70 species are widespread in temperate and tropical regions. Three genera and eight species found in China. A total of 23 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 56% (5/9) species and 60% (3/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-154

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae 睡莲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

红海带

9

9

Barclaya 合瓣莲属 B. longifolia Hochst. ex A. Rich Euryale 芡属

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

431

continued Nymphaeaceae 睡莲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. ferox Salisb.

芡实

9 9

Nuphar 萍蓬草属 N. japonica DC.

日本萍蓬草

9

N. japonica var. rubrotinctum (Casp.) Ohwi

红荷根

9

N. luteum (L.) J. E. Smith

欧亚萍蓬草

9

N. pumilum (Timm) DC.

萍蓬草

9

N. sagittifolia (Walter) Pursh

条叶萍蓬草

9

N. shimadai Hayata

台湾萍蓬草

9

N. sinensis Hand.-Mazz.

中华萍蓬草

9 9

Nymphaea 睡莲属 N. alba L.

白睡莲

9

N. caerulea Savigny

蓝睡莲

9

N. candida C. Presl

雪白睡莲

9

N. capensis Thunb.

埃及蓝睡莲

9

N. lotus L.

齿叶睡莲

9

N. lotus var. pubescens (Willd.) Hook. f. et Thoms.

齿叶睡莲

9

N. mexicana Zucc.

黄睡莲

9

N. odorata Ait.

香睡莲

9

N. pentapetala (Walter) Fernald

美洲黄莲

9

N. rubra Roxb. ex Andrews

印度红睡莲

9

N. stellata Willd.

延药睡莲

9

N. tetragona Georgi

睡莲

9 9

Victoria 王莲属 V. amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby

王莲

9

V. cruziana Orbigin.

克鲁兹王莲

9

155. Nyssaceae 蓝果树科 Trees deciduous, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, estipulate, ovate, elliptic or oblong elliptic, margin entire or serrate. Inflorescence capitate, racemose or umbelliform. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, dioecious or monoecious, often sessile or with short pedicels. Staminate flower: calyx small, sepals dentate or short lobed or obsolete. Petals 5, rarely more, imbricate; stamens often 2 times or less than petals, often in 2 whorls; filaments linear or subulate; anthers introrse, elliptic; disk fleshy, cushion like, hairless. Female flower: tubular part of calyx often connate with ovary, upper part 5 lobed; petals small, 5 or 10, imbricate; disk cushion like, hairless, sometimes degenerate; ovary inferior, 1 or Camptotheca acuminata 喜树 6–10-loculed, with 1 pendulous, apotropous ovule per locule; style subulate, upper part slightly curved, sometimes branched. Fruit a drupe or samara, with apical

432

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

persistent calyx and disk, 1 or 3–5 locules, 1 pendulous seed each locule; testa thin, papery or membranous. Five genera and about 30 species occur mostly in temperate regions of East Asia and Eastern North America. Three genera and ten species found in China. A total of six species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 56% (5/9) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-155

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Nyssaceae

Nyssaceae 蓝果树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Camptotheca 喜树属 C. acuminata Decne.

Volume

喜树

9 9

Nyssa 蓝果树属 N. javanica (Blume) Wanger.

华南蓝果树

9

N. ogeche Bartr. ex Marsh.

高山紫树

9

N. shweliensis (W. W. Smith) Airy Shaw

瑞丽蓝果树

9

N. sinensis Oliv.

蓝果树

9

N. yunnanensis W. C. Yin

云南蓝果树

9

156. Ochnaceae 金莲木科 Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely pinnately compound, often with many pinnate veins, stipulate, sometimes lacerated. Flowers are bisexual, actinomorphic, arranged in terminal or axillary racemose or panicles, sometimes corymb, rarely solitary, bracteate. Calyx 5, rarely 10, free, imbricate, sometimes basal connate, often persistent. Petals 5–10, often 5, sessile or short clawed at basal, imbricate or contorted. Stamens 5–10 or many, free. Filaments often persistent. Anthers linear, basal, longitudinally dehiscent or apically poricidal, sometimes staminodes present, awl-shaped, or petaloid, sometimes connate into a tube. Ovary superior, entire or deeply lobed, 1–12 locules. Style simple or rarely apically divided. Ovules 1–2 or Ochna kirkii 桂叶黄梅 many per locule, placentation basal, axile or parietal. Fruit fleshy or non-fleshy, normally a septicidal capsule or drupe-like, on enlarged receptacle. Seeds 1 or many. About 27 genera and ca. 500 species occur in tropical regions, mainly in Neotropics. Three genera and four species found in China. A total of 3 species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A number of 25% (1/4) species and 33% (1/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-156

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

433

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ochnaceae

Ochnaceae 金莲木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Ochna 金莲木属 O. integerrima (Lour.) Merr.

金莲木

9

O. serrulata Walp.

细齿金莲木

9

O. thomasiana Engl. et Gilg

桂叶黄梅

9

157. Olacaceae 铁青树科 Trees, shrubs, or lianas, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, entire, pinnate veins, rarely 3–5 veined; estipulate. Flowers small, often hermaphroditic, actinomorphic, arranged in raceme-like, spike-like, panicle-like, capitula-like or umbellate or dichasium, rarely solitary. Calyx tube small, cupular, discoid, accrescent or not after anthesis, with (3–) 4–5 (–6) apical teeth, or truncated at apex, with epicalyx or not at bottom. Petals 4–5, rarely 3–6, free or partially connate to form corolla tube; often valvate in flower bud. Disk annular. Stamen 2–3 times than petals or same number, opposite to petals. Fruit a drupe or nut, sometimes with or without accrescent calyx, or Erythropalum scandens 赤苍藤 completely covering fruit. Seed 1. About 23–27 genera and 180–250 species occur in tropical and warm-temperate regions worldwide. Five genera and ten species found in China. A total of 6 species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 55% (6/11) species and 80% (4/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-157

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Olacaceae

Olacaceae 铁青树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Erythropalum 赤苍藤属 E. scandens Blume

赤苍藤

蒜头果

9 9

Olax 铁青树属 O. acuminata Wall. ex Benth.

9 9

Malania 蒜头果属 M. oleifera Chun et S. Lee

Volume

尖叶铁青树

9 9

Schoepfia 青皮木属 S. chinensis Gardn. et Champ.

华南青皮木

9

S. fragrans Wall.

香芙木

9

S. jasminodora Sieb. et Zucc.

青皮木

9

434

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

158. Oleaceae 木犀科 Trees or erect or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate or whorled, simple, trifoliolate, or pinnately compound, sparsely pinnatifid, entire or dentate; petiolate, estipulate. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual or polygamous, monoecious, diecious or polygamodioecious, often in cymes aggregate into panicles, or in racemes, corymbs, capitulas, terminal or axillary, or cymes crowded in leaf axils, rarely solitary. Calyx 4-lobed, sometimes up to 12, rarely absent. Corolla 4-lobed, sometimes up to 12, shallowly, deeply lobed to almost free, or sometimes, in pairs at basal, rarely absent, imbricate or valvate when in Ligustrum sinense 小蜡 flower bud. Stamens 2, rarely 4, on corolla tube or at base of corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, ovules 2 in each locule, sometimes 1 or many, anatropous, rarely orthotropous. Style simple or absent, stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Fruit a samara, capsule, drupe, berry or berrylike drupe. About 28 genera and over 400 species occur in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of the world, mainly in Asia. Twelve genera and 188 species found in China; many genera are important economically: Fraxinus and Forsythia (medicinal, ornamental); Jasminum, Osmanthus, and Syringa (spice, ornamental); Olea (oil); and Fraxinus (timber). A total of 116 species, 7 subspecies, 6 varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 50% (94/188) species and 92% (11/12) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-158

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Oleaceae

Oleaceae 木犀科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Chionanthus 流苏树属 C. henryanus P. S. Green

Volume

李榄

9

C. ramiflorus Roxb.

枝花流苏树

9

C. retusus Lindl. et Paxt.

流苏树

9

C. virginicus L.

美国流苏树

9 9

Fontanesia 雪柳属 F. phillyreoides ssp. fortunei (Carr.) Yalt.

雪柳

Forsythia 连翘属 F. europaea Degen et Bald.

9 9

欧洲连翘

9

F. giraldiana Lingelsh.

秦连翘

9

F. ovata Nakai

卵叶连翘

9

F. suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl

连翘

9

F. viridissima Lindl.

金钟花

9 9

Fraxinus 梣属 F. americana L.

美国白梣

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Oleaceae 木犀科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

F. angustifolia Vahl

窄叶梣

9

F. bungeana DC.

小叶梣

9

F. chinensis Roxb.

白蜡树

9

F. chinensis ssp. rhynchophylla (Hance) E. Murray

花曲柳

9

F. depauperata (Lingelsh.) Z. Wei

疏花梣

9

F. excelsior L.

欧梣

9

F. ferruginea Lingelsh.

锈毛梣

9

F. floribunda Wall. ex Roxb.

多花梣

9

F. griffithii C. B. Clarke

光蜡树

9

F. hupehensis Chu, Shang et Su

湖北梣

9

F. insularis Hemsl.

苦枥木

9

F. longicuspis Sieb. et Zucc.

尖萼梣

9

F. malacophylla Hemsl.

白枪杆

9

F. mandschurica Rupr.

水曲柳

9

F. ornus L.

花梣

9

F. paxiana Lingelsh.

秦岭梣

9

F. pennsylvanica Marsh.

美国红梣

9

F. platypoda Oliv.

象蜡树

9

F. profunda (Bush) Bush

绒毛白蜡

9

F. retusifoliolata Feng et P. Y. Bai

楷叶梣

9

F. sieboldiana Blume

庐山梣

9

F. sikkimensis (Lingelsh.) Hand.-Mazz.

锡金梣

9

F. sogdiana Bunge

天山梣

9

F. stylosa Lingelsh.

宿柱梣

9

F. texensis (Gray) Sarg.

山梣

9 9

Jasminum 素馨属 J. attenuatum Roxb.

大叶素馨

9

J. cinnamomifolium Kobuski

樟叶素馨

9

J. coarctatum Roxb.

密花素馨

9

J. coffeinum Hand.-Mazz.

咖啡素馨

9

J. duclouxii (Levl.) Rehd.

丛林素馨

9

J. elongatum (P. J. Bergius) Willd.

扭肚藤

9

J. floridum Bunge

探春花

9

J. grandiflorum L.

素馨花

9

J. humile L.

矮探春

9

J. lanceolarium Roxb.

清香藤

9

J. laurifolium Roxb.

桂叶素馨

9

J. longitubum Chia

长管素馨

9

J. mesnyi Hance

野迎春

9

J. microcalyx Hance

小萼素馨

9

J. multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andr.

毛茉莉

9

J. nervosum Lour.

青藤仔

9

435

436

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Oleaceae 木犀科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

J. nudiflorum Lindl.

迎春花

9

J. odoratissimum L.

浓香茉莉

9

J. officinale L.

素方花

9

J. pentaneurum Hand.-Mazz.

厚叶素馨

9

J. polyanthum Franch.

多花素馨

9

J. rufohirtum Gagnep.

云南素馨

9

J. sambac (L.) Ait.

茉莉花

9

J. seguinii Levl.

亮叶素馨

9

J. sinense Hemsl.

华素馨

9

J. subglandulosum Kurz

腺叶素馨

9

J. subhumile W. W. Smith

滇素馨

9

J. urophyllum Hemsl.

川素馨

9

J. wengeri C. E. C. Fisch.

异叶素馨

9 9

Ligustrum 女贞属 L. compactum (Wall. ex G. Don) Hook. f. et Thomson ex Decne.

长叶女贞

9

L. confusum Decne.

散生女贞

9

L. delavayanum Hariot

紫药女贞

9

L. expansum Rehd.

扩展女贞

9

L. henryi Hemsl.

丽叶女贞

9

L. ibota Sieb. et Zucc.

大叶东亚女贞

9

L. japonicum Thunb.

日本女贞

9

L. leucanthum (S. Moore) P. S. Green

蜡子树

9

L. liukiuense Koidz.

台湾女贞

9

L. lucidum Ait.

女贞

9

L. lucidum f. latifolium (Cheng) Hsu

落叶女贞

9

L. obtusifolium Sieb. et Zucc.

水蜡树

9

L. obtusifolium ssp. microphyllum (Nakai) P. S. Green

东亚女贞

9

L. ovalifolium Hassk.

卵叶女贞

9

L. pricei Hayata

总梗女贞

9

L. punctifolium M. C. Chang

斑叶女贞

9

L. quihoui Carr.

小叶女贞

9

L. retusum Merr.

凹叶女贞

9

L. robustum (Roxb.) Blume

粗壮女贞

9

L. sinense Lour.

小蜡

9

L. sinense var. myrianthum (Diels) Hofk.

光萼小蜡

9

L. sinense var. rugosulum (W. W. Smith) M. C. Chang

皱叶小蜡

9

L. walkeri ssp. walkeri (Decne.) P. S. Green

9

Myxopyrum 胶核木属

9

M. pierrei Gagnep.

胶核藤

9

Nyctanthes 夜花属 N. arbor-tristis L. Olea 木犀榄属

9

夜花

9 9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Oleaceae 木犀科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. brachiata (Lour.) Merr. ex G. W. Groff, Ding et E. H. Groff

滨木犀榄

9

O. dioica Roxb.

异株木犀榄

9

O. europaea L.

木犀榄

9

O. ferruginea Royle

锈鳞木犀榄

9

O. ferruginea ssp. africana (Mill.) P. S. Green

锈鳞木犀榄

9

O. hainanensis L.

海南木犀榄

9

O. paniculata R. Br.

腺叶木犀榄

9

O. rosea Craib

红花木犀榄

9

O. tsoongii (Merr.) P. S. Green

云南木犀榄

9 9

Osmanthus 木犀属 O. armatus Diels

红柄木犀

9

O. attenuatus P. S. Green

狭叶木犀

9

O. cooperi Hemsl.

宁波木犀

9

O. delavayi Franch.

山桂花

9

O. fordii Hemsl.

石山桂花

9

O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour.

木犀

9

O. gracilinervis Chia ex R. L. Lu

细脉木犀

9

O. henryi P. S. Green

蒙自桂花

9

O. heterophyllus (G. Don) P. S. Green

柊树

9

O. marginatus (Champ. ex Benth.) Hemsl.

厚边木犀

9

O. marginatus var. longissimus (H. T. Chang) R. L. Lu

长叶木犀

9

O. matsumuranus Hayata

牛矢果

9

O. minor P. S. Green

小叶月桂

9

O. pubipedicellatus Chia ex H. T. Chang

毛柄木犀

9

O. serrulatus Rehd.

短丝木犀

9

O. venosus Pamp.

毛木犀

9

O. yunnanensis (Franch.) P. S. Green

野桂花

9 9

Syringa 丁香属 S. oblata Lindl.

紫丁香

9

S. oblata var. alba Hort. ex Rehd.

白丁香

9

S. oblata var. giraldii (Lingelsh.) Rehd.

毛紫丁香

9

S. pinnatifolia Hemsl.

羽叶丁香

9

S. pubescens Turcz.

巧玲花

9

S. pubescens ssp. microphylla (Diels) M. C. Chang et X. L. Chen

小叶巧玲花

9

S. reticulata (Blume) Hara

日本丁香

9

S. reticulata ssp. pekinensis (Rupr.) P. S. Green et M. C. Chang

北京丁香

9

S. reticulata var. amurensis (Rupr.) Pringle

暴马丁香

9

S. tibetica P. Y. Bai

藏南丁香

9

S. villosa Vahl

红丁香

9

S. vulgaris L.

欧丁香

9

S. wolfii Schneid.

辽东丁香

9

S. yunnanensis Franch.

云南丁香

9

437

438

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

159. Onagraceae 柳叶菜科 Herbs annual or perennial, sometimes subshrubs or shrubs, rarely small trees, a few aquatic herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite; stipules small or absent. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, solitary in leaf axils or arranged in terminal spikes, racemes or panicles. Flowers often 4, 2 or 5, floral tube (composed of calyx, corolla and sometimes lower part of filaments) present or not. Sepals (2–) 4 or 5. Petals (0–2–) 4 or 5, often convolute or imbricate in bud, caduceus. Stamens (2–) 4, or 8 or 10 arranged in 2 whorls. Anthers cross-partitioned, rarely basal. Ovary inferior, (1–2–) 4–5 locules, a few or numerous ovules per locule, axile placenta. Style1, stigma capitate, clavate or lobed. Fruit a Oenothera speciosa 美丽月见草 capsule, loculicidal or septicidal dehiscent, or indehiscent, sometimes a berry or nut. Seventeen genera and ca. 650 species are widespread in temperate and subtropical areas, mostly represented in Western North America. Seven genera and 77 species found in China. A total of 32 species and two subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 29% (22/77) species and 71% (5/7) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-159

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Onagraceae

Onagraceae 柳叶菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Chamerion 柳兰属 C. angustifolium (L.) Holub

柳兰

9 9

Circaea 露珠草属 C. alpina L.

Volume

高山露珠草

9

C. cordata Royle

露珠草

9

C. erubescens Franch. et Sav.

谷蓼

9

C. mollis Sieb. et Zucc.

南方露珠草

9 9

Epilobium 柳叶菜属 E. amurense ssp. cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C. J. Chen

光滑柳叶菜

9

E. hirsutum L.

柳叶菜

9

E. palustre L.

沼生柳叶菜

9

E. pannosum Hausskn.

硬毛柳叶菜

9

E. platystigmatosum C. Robin.

阔柱柳叶菜

9

E. pyrricholophum Franch. et Savat.

长籽柳叶菜

9 9

Fuchsia 倒挂金钟属 F. boliviana Carr.

大红倒挂金种

9

F. fulgens DC.

长筒倒挂金钟

9

F. hybrida Hort. ex Sieb. et Voss.

倒挂金钟

9

F. magellanica Lam.

短筒倒挂金钟

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

439

continued Onagraceae 柳叶菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

G. lindheimeri Engelm. et Gray

Volume 9

Gaura 山桃草属 山桃草

9 9

Ludwigia 丁香蓼属 L. adscendens (L.) Hara

水龙

9

L. arcuata Walt.

柳叶丁香蓼

9

L. epilobioides Maxim.

假柳叶菜

9

L. glandulosa Walter

大红叶

9

L. hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell

草龙

9

L. octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven

毛草龙

9

L. ovalis Miq.

卵叶丁香蓼

9

L. peploides ssp. stipulacea (Ohwi) Raven

黄花水龙

9

L. perennis L.

细花丁香蓼

9

L. prostrata Roxb.

丁香蓼

9 9

Oenothera 月见草属 O. biennis L.

月见草

9

O. glazioviana Mich.

黄花月见草

9

O. lamarkiana Ser.

拉马克月见草

9

O. missouriensis Sims

密苏里月见草

9

O. parviflora L.

小花月见草

9

O. rosea L’Her. ex Ait.

粉花月见草

9

O. speciosa Nutt.

美丽月见草

9

O. stricta Ledeb. et Link

待宵草

9

160. Opiliaceae 山柚子科 Small trees or shrubs or lianas, evergreen. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, estipulate. Flowers small, actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual, in axillary or terminal spikes, racemes or panicle-like cymes. Perianth simple or with calyx and corolla, tepal or petal 4–5-merous, free or connate, valvate. Stamens and tepals or petals same number, opposite. Filaments free or basal connate to petals. Anthers 2-celled, longitudinal slits. Disk various, intrastaminal, annular or cupular, or distinct or lobed. Ovary superior or semi-inferior, 1-loculed, ovule 1, pendulous, integument absent. Style short or absent, stigma entire or lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seeds endosperm Urobotrya latisquama 尾球木 oily, embryo small, terete, cotyledons linear. Ten genera and 33 species are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. Five genera and six species found in China. A total of three species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 67% (4/6) species and 80% (4/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

440

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-160

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Opiliaceae

Opiliaceae 山柚子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Champereia 台湾山柚属 C. manillana var. longistaminea (W. Z. Li) H. S. Kiu

茎花山柚

9 9

Lepionurus 鳞尾木属 L. sylvestris Blume

鳞尾木

9

山柚子

9

9

Opilia 山柚子属 O. amentacea Roxb.

9

Urobotrya 尾球木属 U. latisquama (Gagnep.) Hiepko

尾球木

9

161. Orchidaceae 兰科 Terrestrial, epiphytic or a few saprophytic herbs, rarely scrambling vines; terrestrial and saprophytic species often with tubers or thick rhizomes; epiphytic species often with fleshy pseudobulbs by expanding partial stems. Leaves basal or cauline, cauline leaves often alternate or at or near apex of pseudobulbs, flattened or sometimes cylindric or flattened on both sides, internodes present or absent at basal. Inflorescences terminal or lateral; flowers often in racemes or panicles, a few shortened to capitula or reduced into single flower, bisexual, usually zygomorphic. Perianth segments 6, 2 whorls. Sepals free Bulbophyllum levinei 齿瓣石豆兰 or more less connate. Median (dorsal) petal often larger, obviously dissimilar to 2 lateral petals, called labellum, most often resupinate with pedicel and ovary twisted through 180°, occasionally not twisted or twisted through 90°. Ovary inferior, 1-locular, placentation parietal a few 3-locular and placentation axile. Whole pistil and gynoecium organs completely fused into a columnlike, called staminal column; the column apex normally having a caplike and a anther, and sunken on ventral surface of column with a stigma hole, and between stigma and anther having tonguelike, called staminal beak. Fruit often a capsule, less podlike, with many seeds. Seeds small, testa often extended into wings at both ends. About 800 genera and ca. 25,000 species occur worldwide, except for Antarctica, mostly in humid tropics and subtropics. About 172 genera and 1429 species in five subfamilies found in China. A total of 694 species and eight varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 35% (496/1429) species and 63% (108/172) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-161

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Acampe 脆兰属 A. ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr.

窄果脆兰

9

A. papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl.

短序脆兰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Smith) P. F. Hunt

多花脆兰

9 9

Acanthephippium 坛花兰属 A. striatum Lindl.

锥囊坛花兰

9

A. sylhetense Lindl.

坛花兰

9 9

Acriopsis 合萼兰属 A. indica Wight

合萼兰

A. biloba (Lindl.) Schltr.

9 9

Aerangis 细距兰属 二裂叶空船兰

9 9

Aerides 指甲兰属 A. falcata Lindl.

指甲兰

9

A. flabellata Rolfe ex Downie

扇唇指甲兰

9

A. odorata Lour.

香花指甲兰

9

A. rosea Lodd. ex Lindl. et Paxton

多花指甲兰

9 9

Agrostophyllum 禾叶兰属 A. callosum Rchb. f.

禾叶兰

9

A. monticola Cootes et D. P. Banks

山地阿梅兰(新拟)

9

A. philippinensis (Ames) Garay

菲律宾风兰

9

Amesiella 阿梅兰属

A. gracile (Blume) Schltr.

9 9

Amitostigma 无柱兰属 无柱兰

9 9

Angraecum 彗星兰属 A. distichum Lindl.

二列叶彗星兰(新拟)

9

A. eburneum Bory

象牙彗星兰(新拟)

9 9

Anoectochilus 金线兰属 A. burmannicus Rolfe

滇南金线兰

9

A. formosanus Hayata

台湾银线兰

9

A. roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.

金线兰

A. gracile Lindl.

筒瓣兰 拟兰 牛齿兰 窄唇蜘蛛兰

9 9

Arundina 竹叶兰属 A. graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr.

9 9

Arachnis 蜘蛛兰属 A. labrosa (Lindl. ex Paxt.) Rchb. f.

9 9

Appendicula 牛齿兰属 A. cornuta Blume

9 9

Apostasia 拟兰属 A. odorata Blume

9 9

Anthogonium 筒瓣兰属

竹叶兰

9 9

Ascocentrum 鸟舌兰属 A. ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr.

鸟舌兰

9

A. aurantiacum Schltr.

橙花鸟舌兰

9

A. himalaicum (Deb, Sengupta et Malick) Christenson

圆柱叶鸟舌兰

9

B. harrisoniae (Hook.) Rchb. f.

哈里斯比佛兰(新拟)

9

B. inodora Lindl.

无香比佛兰(新拟)

9

9

Bifrenaria 双柄兰属

9

Bletilla 白及属 B. formosana (Hayata) Schltr.

小白及

9

B. ochracea Schltr.

黄花白及

9

B. striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f.

白及

9

441

442

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

B. cucullata (L.) R. Br.

Volume 9

Brassavola 修胫兰属 兜状白拉索兰(新拟)

9

B. flagellaris Barb. Rodr.

鞭状白拉索兰(新拟)

9

B. glauca Lindl.

小猪哥白拉索兰

9

B. nodosa (L.) Lindl.

夜夫人白拉索兰

9 9

Brassia 长萼兰属 B. verrucosa Bateman ex Lindl.

疣斑长萼兰

9 9

Bulbophyllum 石豆兰属 B. affine Lindl.

赤唇石豆兰

9

B. albociliatum (T. S. Liu et H. Y. Su) K. Nakaj.

白毛卷瓣兰

9

B. ambrosia (Hance) Schltr.

芳香石豆兰

9

B. amplifolium (Rolfe) Balak. et Chowdhury

大叶卷瓣兰

9

B. andersonii (Hook. f.) J. J. Smith

梳帽卷瓣兰

9

B. annandalei Ridl.

阿那答卷瓣兰(新拟)

9

B. auratum (Lindl.) Ridl.

金伞卷瓣兰

9

B. blepharistes Rchb. f.

眼睑石豆兰

9

B. blumei (Lindl.) J. J. Smith

布鲁氏石豆兰

9

B. burfordiense Garay, Hamer et Siegerist

绿蝉豆兰

9

B. cameronense Garay, Hamer et Siegerist

金马仑石豆兰(新拟)

9

B. cariniflorum Rchb. f.

尖叶石豆兰

9

B. colomaculosum Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen

豹斑石豆兰

9

B. crassipes Hook. f.

短耳石豆兰

9

B. cruentum Garay, Hamer et Siegerist

小领带兰

9

B. cylindraceum Lindl.

大苞石豆兰

9

B. delitescens Hance

直唇卷瓣兰

9

B. drymoglossum Maxim. ex Okubo

圆叶石豆兰

9

B. eberhardtii (Gagnep.) Seidenf.

埃伯哈德卷瓣兰(新拟)

9

B. emarginatum (Finet) J. J. Smith

匍茎卷瓣兰

9

B. emiliorum Ames et Quisumb.

埃米利奥石豆兰(新拟)

9

B. falcatum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

小眼镜蛇石豆兰

9

B. fascinator (Rolfe) Rolfe

壁虎卷瓣兰

9

B. forrestii Seidenf.

尖角卷瓣兰

9

B. frostii Summerh.

荷兰木屐石豆兰

9

B. funingense Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen

富宁卷瓣兰

9

B. grandiflorum Blume

鹅头石豆兰

9

B. graveolens (F. M. Bailey) J. J. Smith

香蕉卷瓣兰

9

B. griffithii (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

短齿石豆兰

9

B. gymnopus Hook. f.

线瓣石豆兰

9

B. hastatum T. Tang et F. T. Wang

戟唇石豆兰

9

B. helenae (Kuntze) J. J. Smith

角萼卷瓣兰

9

B. hirtum (J. E. Smith) Lindl.

落叶石豆兰

9

B. hirundinis (Gagnep.) Seidenf.

莲花卷瓣兰

9

B. insulsum (Gagnep.) Seidenf.

瓶壶卷瓣兰

9

B. kwangtungense Schltr.

广东石豆兰

9

B. lasiochilum E. C. Parish et Rchb. f.

小花豹石豆兰

9

B. laxiflorum (Blume) Lindl.

烟花石豆兰

9

B. ledungense T. Tang et F. T. Wang

乐东石豆兰

9

B. leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl.

短葶石豆兰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

B. levinei Schltr.

齿瓣石豆兰

Volume 9

B. lobbii Lindl.

罗比石豆兰

9

B. longibrachiatum Z. H. Tsi

长臂卷瓣兰

9

B. longisepalum Rolfe

长红蝉

9

B. maximum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

中响尾蛇豆兰

9

B. melanoglossum Hayata

紫纹卷瓣兰

9

B. menghaiense Z. H. Tsi

勐海石豆兰

9

B. morphologorum Kraenzl.

丝瓣石豆兰

9

B. nymphopolitanum Kraenzl.

纽芬堡石豆兰

9

B. obtusangulum Z. H. Tsi

黄花卷瓣兰

9

B. odoratissimum (J. E. Smith) Lindl.

密花石豆兰

9

B. orientale Seidenf.

麦穗石豆兰

9

B. patens King ex Hook. f.

牛魔王石豆兰

9

B. pectenveneris (Gagnep.) Seidenf.

斑唇卷瓣兰

9

B. pectinatum Finet

长足石豆兰

9

B. phalaenopsis J. J. Smith

领带兰

9

B. pingtungense S. S. Ying et C. Chen

屏东卷瓣兰

9

B. polyrhizum Lindl.

锥茎石豆兰

9

B. pteroglossum Schltr.

曲萼石豆兰

9

B. putidum (Teijsm. et Binn.) J. J. Smith

蜥蜴石豆兰

9

B. reticulatum Bateman

网纹石豆兰

9

B. retusiusculum Rchb. f.

藓叶卷瓣兰

9

B. retusiusculum var. tigridum (Hance) Z. H. Tsi

虎斑卷瓣兰

9

B. rothschildianum (O’Brien) J. J. Smith

美花卷瓣兰

9

B. shweliense W. W. Smith

伞花石豆兰

9

B. spathaceum Rolfe

柄叶石豆兰

9

B. spathulatum (Rolfe ex Cooper) Seidenf.

匙萼卷瓣兰

9

B. sphaericum Z. H. Tsi et H. Li

球茎卷瓣兰

9

B. stenobulbon Par. et Rchb. f.

短足石豆兰

9

B. striatum (Griff.) Rchb.f.

细柄石豆兰

9

B. subumbellatum Ridl.

拟伞花卷瓣兰

9

B. sutepense (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf. et Smitin

聚株石豆兰

9

B. tengchongense Z. H. Tsi

云北石豆兰

9

B. tokioi Fukuyama

小叶石豆兰

9

B. trichocephalum (Schltr.) Tang et F. T. Wang

毛头石豆兰

9

B. triste Rchb. f.

球茎石豆兰

9

B. umbellatum Lindl.

伞花卷瓣兰

9

B. unciniferum Seidenf.

直立卷瓣兰

9

B. violaceolabellum Seidenf.

等萼卷瓣兰

9

B. wallichii Rchb. f.

双叶卷瓣兰

9

B. wendlandianum (Kraenzl.) Dammer

温氏卷瓣兰

9 9

Bulleyia 蜂腰兰属 B. yunnanensis Schltr.

蜂腰兰

9 9

Calanthe 虾脊兰属 C. alismaefolia Lindl.

泽泻虾脊兰

9

C. alpina Hook. f. ex Lindl.

流苏虾脊兰

9

C. angustifolia (Bl.) Lindl.

狭叶虾脊兰

9

C. argenteo-striata C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng

银带虾脊兰

9

443

444

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. aristulifera Rchb. f.

翘距虾脊兰

9

C. brevicornu Lindl.

肾唇虾脊兰

9

C. clavata Lindl.

棒距虾脊兰

9

C. davidii Franch.

剑叶虾脊兰

9

C. delavayi Finet

少花虾脊兰

9

C. densiflora Lindl.

密花虾脊兰

9

C. discolor Lindl.

虾脊兰

9

C. graciliflora Hayata

钩距虾脊兰

9

C. hancockii Rolfe

叉唇虾脊兰

9

C. henryi Rolfe

疏花虾脊兰

9

C. herbacea Lindl.

西南虾脊兰

9

C. labrosa (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.

葫芦茎虾脊兰

9

C. lyroglossa Rchb. f.

南方虾脊兰

9

C. mannii Hook. f.

细花虾脊兰

9

C. odora Griff.

香花虾脊兰

9

C. puberula Lindl.

镰萼虾脊兰

9

C. reflexa (Kuntze) Maxim.

反瓣虾脊兰

9

C. sinica Z. H. Tsi

中华虾脊兰

9

C. sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl.

长距虾脊兰

9

C. tricarinata Landl.

三棱虾脊兰

9

C. triplicata (Willem.) Ames

三褶虾脊兰

9

C. yuana T. Tang et F. T. Wang

峨边虾脊兰

9 9

Callostylis 美柱兰属 C. rigida Blume

美柱兰

9 9

Cattleya 卡特兰属 C. bowringiana Veitch

宝灵卡特兰(新拟)

9

C. forbesii Lindl.

佛比西卡特兰

9

C. intermedia Graham ex Hook.

早花卡特兰

9

C. labiata Lindl.

拉比阿塔卡特兰

9

C. loddigesii Lindl.

罗氏卡特兰

9

C. maxima Lindl.

大花卡特兰

9

C. skinneri Bateman

思科卡特兰

9 9

Cephalanthera 头蕊兰属 C. falcata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Bl.

金兰

C. gracilis (Lindl.) S. Y. Hu

9 9

Cephalantheropsis 黄兰属 黄兰

9 9

Ceratostylis 牛角兰属 C. himalaica Hook. f.

叉枝牛角兰

9

C. retisquama Rchb. f.

红花牛角兰

9

C. subulata Blume

管叶牛角兰

9 9

Changnienia 独花兰属 C. amoena S. S. Chien

独花兰

9 9

Chiloschista 异型兰属 C. exuperei (Guillaum.) Garay

白花异型兰

9

C. yunnanensis Schltr.

异型兰

9 9

Chrysoglossum 金唇兰属 C. assamicum Hook. f.

锚钩金唇兰

9

C. ornatum Blume

金唇兰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Chysis 合粉兰属

9

C. bractescens Lindl.

吉西兰

9 9

Cleisostoma 隔距兰属 C. birmanicum (Schltr.) Garay

美花隔距兰

9

C. fuerstenbergianum Kraenzl.

长叶隔距兰

9

C. longioperculatum Z. H. Tsi

长帽隔距兰

9

C. menghaiense Z. H. Tsi

勐海隔距兰

9

C. nangongense Z. H. Tsi

南贡隔距兰

9

C. paniculatum (Ker-Gawl.) Garay

大序隔距兰

9

C. parishii (Hook. f.) Garay

短茎隔距兰

9

C. racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay

大叶隔距兰

9

C. recurvum (Hook.) ined. C. rostratum (Lodd.) Seidenf. ex Averyanov

9 尖喙隔距兰

9

C. sagittiforme Garay

隔距兰

9

C. simondii (Gagnep.) Seidenf.

毛柱隔距兰

9

C. simondii var. guangdongense Z. H. Tsi

广东隔距兰

9

C. striatum (Rchb. f.) Garay

短序隔距兰

9

C. williamsonii (Rchb. f.) Garay

红花隔距兰

9 9

Coelogyne 贝母兰属 C. barbata Griff.

髯毛贝母兰

9

C. calcicola Kerr

滇西贝母兰

9

C. corymbosa Lindl.

眼斑贝母兰

9

C. cristata Lindl.

贝母兰

9

C. fimbriata Lindl.

流苏贝母兰

9

C. flaccida Lindl.

栗鳞贝母兰

9

C. fuscescens Lindl.

褐唇贝母兰

9

C. leucantha W. W. Smith

白花贝母兰

9

C. longipes Lindl.

长柄贝母兰

9

C. occultata Hook. f.

卵叶贝母兰

9

C. ovalis Lindl.

长鳞贝母兰

9

C. pandurata Lindl.

提琴贝母兰

9

C. prolifera Lindl.

黄绿贝母兰

9

C. quinquelamellata Ames

五脊贝母兰

9

C. rigida E. C. Parish et Rchb. f.

挺茎贝母兰

9

C. rochussenii de Vriese

茹楚森贝母兰(新拟)

9

C. sanderae Kraenzl.

撕裂贝母兰

9

C. suaveolens (Lindl.) Hook. f.

疏茎贝母兰

9

C. tsii X. H. Jin et H. Li

红花贝母兰

9

C. viscosa Rchb. f.

禾叶贝母兰

9 9

Collabium 吻兰属 C. chinense (Rolfe) T. Tang et F. T. Wang

吻兰

9

C. formosanum Hayata

台湾吻兰

9 9

Coryanthes 吊桶兰属 C. macrantha (Hook.) Hook.

吊桶兰

C. veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume

管花兰

9 9

Cremastra 杜鹃兰属 C. appendiculata (D. Don) Makino

9 9

Corymborkis 管花兰属

杜鹃兰

9

445

446

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Crepidium 沼兰属 C. acuminatum (D. Don) Szlach.

浅裂沼兰

9

C. biauritum (Lindl.) Szlach.

二耳沼兰

9

C. finetii (Gagnep.) S. C. Chen et J. J. Wood

二脊沼兰

9 9

Cryptochilus 宿苞兰属 C. luteus Lindl.

宿苞兰

9

C. roseus (Lindl.) S. C. Chen et J. J. Wood

玫瑰宿苞兰

9

C. sanguineus Wall.

红花宿包兰

9 9

Cryptostylis 隐柱兰属 C. arachnites (Blume) Hassk.

隐柱兰

9 9

Cycnoches 天鹅兰属 C. chlorochilon Klotzsch

天鹅兰

9

C. warszewiczii Rchb. f.

瓦氏天鹅兰

9

C. aloifolium (L.) Sw.

纹瓣兰

9

C. cyperifolium Wall. ex Lindl.

莎叶兰

9

C. cyperifolium var. szechuanicum (Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen) Y. S. Wu et S. C. Chen

送春

9

C. dayanum Rchb. f.

冬凤兰

9

C. eburneum Lindl.

独占春

9

C. elegans Lindl.

莎草兰

9

C. ensifolium (L.) Sw.

建兰

9

9

Cymbidium 兰属

C. erythraeum Lindl.

长叶兰

9

C. erythrostylum Rolfe

越南红柱兰

9

C. faberi Rolfe

蕙兰

9

C. floribundum Lindl.

多花兰

9

C. goeringii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.

春兰

9

C. hookerianum Rchb. f.

虎头兰

9

C. iridioides D. Don

黄蝉兰

9

C. kanran Makino

寒兰

9

C. lancifolium Hook.

兔耳兰

9

C. lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.

碧玉兰

9

C. mannii Rchb. f.

硬叶兰

9

C. mastersii Griff. ex Lindl.

大雪兰

9

C. parishii Rchb. f.

9

C. qiubeiense K. M. Feng et H. Li

邱北冬蕙兰

9

C. sinense (Jackson ex Andr.) Willd.

墨兰

9

C. tortisepalum Fukuy.

莲瓣兰

9

C. tracyanum L. Castle

西藏虎头兰

9

C. wenshanense Y. S. Wu et F. Y. Liu

文山红柱兰

9

C. wilsonii (Rolfe ex Cook) Rolfe

滇南虎头兰

9 9

Cypripedium 杓兰属 C. fargesii Franch.

毛瓣杓兰

9

C. farreri W. W. Smith

华西杓兰

9

C. flavum P. F. Hunt et Summerh.

黄花杓兰

9

C. franchetii E. H. Wilson

毛杓兰

9

C. guttatum Sw.

紫点杓兰

9

C. henryi Rolfe

绿花杓兰

9

C. japonicum Thunb.

扇脉杓兰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

C. lichiangense S. C. Chen et Cribb

丽江杓兰

Volume 9

C. plectrochilum Franch.

离萼杓兰

9

C. tibeticum King ex Rolfe

西藏杓兰

9

C. yunnanense Franch.

云南杓兰

9 9

Dendrobium 石斛属 D. aduncum Lindl.

钩状石斛

9

D. albosanguineum Lindl. et Paxt.

白血红色石斛

9

D. aloifolium (Blume) Rchb. f.

鳞叶石斛

9

D. anceps Sw.

菱叶石斛

9

D. aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. C. Fisch.

兜唇石斛

9

D. bellatulum Rolfe

矮石斛

9

D. bracteosum var. roseum Sander

长苞石斛紫色变种

9

D. brymerianum Rchb. f.

长苏石斛

9

D. capillipes Rchb. f.

短棒石斛

9

D. capituliflorum Rolfe

头状石斛

9

D. cariniferum Rchb. f.

翅萼石斛

9

D. catenatum Lindl.

黄石斛

9

D. christyanum Rchb. f.

喉红石斛

9

D. chrysanthum Lindl.

束花石斛

9

D. chryseum Rolfe

线叶石斛

9

D. chrysotoxum Lindl.

鼓槌石斛

9

D. convolutum Rolfe

旋瓣石斛

9

D. crepidatum Lindl. et Paxt.

玫瑰石斛

9

D. crumenatum Sw.

木石斛

9

D. crystallinum Rchb. f.

晶帽石斛

9

D. dearei Rchb. f.

迪尔里石斛

9

D. denneanum Kerr

叠鞘石斛

9

D. densiflorum Lindl.

密花石斛

9

D. devonianum Paxt.

齿瓣石斛

9

D. dixanthum Rchb. f.

黄花石斛

9

D. ellipsophyllum T. Tang et F. T. Wang

反瓣石斛

9

D. equitans Kraenzl.

燕石斛

9

D. exile Schltr.

景洪石斛

9

D. fairchildiae Ames et Quisumb.

费尔柴尔德石斛

9

D. falconeri Hook.

串珠石斛

9

D. fimbriatum Hook.

流苏石斛

9

D. findlayanum Par. et Rchb. f.

棒节石斛

9

D. flexicaule Z. H. Tsi, S. C. Sun et L. G. Xu

曲茎石斛

9

D. furcatopedicellatum Hayata

双花石斛

9

D. gibsonii Lindl.

曲轴石斛

9

D. gratiosissimum Rchb. f.

杯鞘石斛

9

D. hainanense Rolfe

海南石斛

9

D. hancockii Rolfe

细叶石斛

9

D. harveyanum Rchb. f.

苏瓣石斛

9

D. henryi Schltr.

疏花石斛

9

D. hercoglossum Rchb. f.

重唇石斛

9

D. heterocarpum Lindl.

尖刀唇石斛

9

D. huoshanense C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng

霍山石斛

9

447

448

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. infundibulum Lindl.

高山石斛

9

D. jenkinsii Lindl.

小黄花石斛

9

D. keithii Ridl.

基思石斛

9

D. kingianum Bidwill ex Lindl.

澳洲石斛

9

D. lasianthera J. J. Smith

羚羊王石斛

9

D. leptocladum Hayata

菱唇石斛

9

D. lichenastrum (F. Muell.) Rolfe

小黄瓜石斛

9

D. linawianum Rchb. f.

矩唇石斛

9

D. lindleyi Stendel

聚石斛

9

D. lituiflorum Lindl.

喇叭唇石斛

9

D. loddigesii Rolfe

美花石斛

9

D. lohohense T. Tang et F. T. Wang

罗河石斛

9

D. longicornu Lindl.

长距石斛

9

D. macrophyllum A. Rich.

大叶石斛

9

D. minutiflorum S. C. Chen et Z. H. Tsi

勐海石斛

9

D. miyakei Schltr.

红花石斛

9

D. moniliforme (L.) Sw.

细茎石斛

9

D. monticola P. F. Hunt et Summerh.

藏南石斛

9

D. moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw.

杓唇石斛

9

D. mutabile (Blume) Lindl.

变色石斛

9

D. nobile Lindl.

石斛

9

D. officinale Kimura et Migo

铁皮石斛

9

D. oligophyllum Gagnep.

少叶石斛(新拟)

9

D. parciflorum Rchb. f. ex Lindl.

少花石斛

9

D. parcum Rchb. f.

疏叶石斛(新拟)

9

D. parishii Rchb. f.

紫瓣石斛

9

D. parthenium Rchb. f.

圣女石斛

9

D. pendulum Roxb.

肿节石斛

9

D. porphyrochilum Lindl.

单葶草石斛

9

D. primulinum Lindl.

报春石斛

9

D. pseudotenellum Guillaum.

针叶石斛

9

D. salaccense (Blume) Lindl.

竹枝石斛

9

D. scoriarum W. M. Sw.

广西石斛

9

D. senile Par. et Rchb. f.

绒毛石斛

9

D. signatum Rchb. f.

黄喉石斛

9

D. sinense T. Tang et F. T. Wang

华石斛

9

D. smillieae F. Muell.

绿宝石石斛

9

D. spatella Rchb. f.

剑叶石斛

9

D. speciosum J. E. Smith

大明石斛

9

D. spectabile (Blume) Miq.

大魔鬼石斛

9

D. strongylanthum Rchb. f.

梳唇石斛

9

D. sulcatum Lindl.

具槽石斛

9

D. terminale Par. et Rchb. f.

刀叶石斛

9

D. thyrsiflorum Rchb. f.

球花石斛

9

D. trigonopus Rchb. f.

翅梗石斛

9

D. unicum Seidenf.

独角石斛

9

D. wardianum Warner

大苞鞘石斛

9

D. williamsonii Day et Rchb. f.

黑毛石斛

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. wilsonii Rolfe

广东石斛

9 9

Dendrolirium 绒兰属 D. lasiopetalum (Willd.) S. C. Chen et J. J.Wood

白绵绒兰

9

D. ornatum Blume

橘苞绒兰

9

D. tomentosum (J. König) S. C. Chen et J. J. Wood

绒兰

9 9

Dienia 无耳沼兰属 D. ophrydis (J. Koenig) Seidenf.

无耳沼兰

D. polybulbon (Sw.) Lindl.

聚球树兰 蛇舌兰 道克瑞丽亚

9 9

Doritis 五唇兰属 D. pulcherrima Lindl.

9 9

Dockrillia 道克瑞丽亚属 D. wassellii (S. T. Blake) Brieger

9 9

Diploprora 蛇舌兰属 D. championii (Lindl.) Hook. f.

9 9

Dinema 双丝兰属

五唇兰

9 9

Epidendrum 树兰属 E. ciliare L.

白花树兰

9

E. difforme Jacq.

绿花树兰

9

E. paniculatum Ruiz et Pav.

锥花树兰

9

E. radicans Pav. ex Lindl.

树兰

9 9

Epigeneium 厚唇兰属 E. clemensiae Gagnep.

厚唇兰

9

E. fargesii (Finet) Gagnep.

单叶厚唇兰

9

E. fuscescens (Griff.) Summerh.

景东厚唇兰

9

E. rotundatum (Lindl.) Summerh.

双叶厚唇兰

9 9

Epipactis 火烧兰属 E. helleborine (L.) Crantz

火烧兰

9

E. mairei Schltr.

大叶火烧兰

9 9

Eria 毛兰属 E. acervata Lindl.

钝叶毛兰

9

E. amica Rchb. f.

粗茎毛兰

9

E. bambusifolia Lindl.

竹叶毛兰

9

E. bilobulata Seidenf.

二裂唇毛兰

9

E. clausa King et Pantl.

匍茎毛兰

9

E. corneri Rchb. f.

半柱毛兰

9

E. coronaria (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

足茎毛兰

9

E. excavata Lindl.

反苞毛兰

9

E. gagnepainii Hawkes et Heller

香港毛兰

9

E. globifera Rolfe

球叶毛兰

9

E. graminifolia Lindl.

禾叶毛兰

9

E. japonica Maxim.

高山毛兰

9

E. javanica (Sw.) Blume

香花毛兰

9

E. marginata Rolfe

棒茎毛兰

9

E. obvia W. W. Smith

长苞毛兰

9

E. pachyphylla Aver.

厚叶毛兰

9

E. quinquelamellosa T. Tang et F. T. Wang

五脊毛兰

9

E. retusa (Blume) Rchb. f.

凹叶毛兰

9

E. rhomboidalis T. Tang et F. T. Wang

菱唇毛兰

9

449

450

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. sinica (Lindl.) Lindl.

小毛兰

9

E. spicata (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz.

密花毛兰

9

E. stricta Lindl.

鹅白毛兰

9

E. thao Gagnep.

石豆毛兰

9

E. xanthocheila Ridl.

黄唇毛兰

9 9

Eriodes 毛梗兰属 E. barbata (Lindl.) Rolfe

毛梗兰

E. blumei (Lindl.) Schltr.

9 9

Erythrodes 钳唇兰属 钳唇兰

9

E. bella Rchb. f.

口盖花蜘蛛兰

9

E. clarkei Rchb. f.

花蜘蛛兰

9

9

Esmeralda 花蜘蛛兰属

9

Eulophia 美冠兰属 E. bracteosa Lindl.

长苞美冠兰

9

E. flava (Lindl.) Hook. f.

黄花美冠兰

9

E. graminea Lindl.

美冠兰

9

E. spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh

紫花美冠兰

9

E. zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J. J. Smith

无叶美冠兰

9 9

Flickingeria 金石斛属 F. albopurpurea Seidenf.

滇金石斛

9

F. angustifolia (Blume) Hawkes

狭叶金石斛

9

F. calocephala Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen

红头金石斛

9

F. comata (Blume) A. D. Hawkes

金石斛

9

F. concolor Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen

同色金石斛

9

F. fimbriata (Bl.) Hawkes

流苏金石斛

9

F. tricarinata Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen

三脊金石斛

9 9

Gastrochilus 盆距兰属 G. acinacifolius Z. H. Tsi

镰叶盆距兰

9

G. bellinus (Rchb. f.) Kuntze

大花盆距兰

9

G. calceolaris (Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Smith) D. Don

盆距兰

9

G. distichus (Lindl.) Kuntze

列叶盆距兰

9

G. formosanus (Hayata) Hayata

台湾盆距兰

9

G. hainanensis Z. H. Tsi

海南盆距兰

9

G. japonicus (Makino) Schltr.

黄松盆距兰

9

G. obliquus (Lindl.) Kuntze

无茎盆距兰

9

G. sinensis Z. H. Tsi

中华盆距兰

9

G. yunnanensis Schltr.

云南盆距兰

9 9

Gastrodia 天麻属 G. elata Blume

天麻

9 9

Geodorum 地宝兰属 G. attenuatum Griff.

大花地宝兰

9

G. densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr.

地宝兰

9

G. eulophioides Schltr.

贵州地保兰

9

G. recurvum (Roxb.) Alston

多花地宝兰

9 9

Gongora 爪唇兰属 G. claviodora Dressler

爪唇兰

9

G. nigrita Lindl.

全红爪唇兰

9

G. quinquenervis Ruiz et Pav.

豹斑爪唇兰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

G. biflora (Lindl.) Hook. f.

Volume 9

Goodyera 斑叶兰属 大花班叶兰

9

G. fumata Thwaites

烟色斑叶兰

9

G. kwangtungensis C. L. Tso

花格斑叶兰

9

G. procera (Ker-Gawl.) Hook.

高斑叶兰

9

G. repens (L.) R. Br.

小斑叶兰

9

G. schlechtendaliana Rchb. f.

斑叶兰

9

G. viridiflora (Blume) Blume

绿花斑叶兰

9 9

Grammatophyllum 斑被兰属 G. scriptum (L.) Blume

多花斑被兰

9

G. speciosum Blume

皇后兰

9 9

Gymnadenia 手参属 G. orchidis Lindl.

西南手参

9 9

Habenaria 玉凤花属 H. aitchisonii Rchb. f.

落地金钱

9

H. ciliolaris Kraenzl.

毛葶玉凤花

9

H. davidii Franch.

长距玉凤花

9

H. dentata (Sw.) Schltr.

鹅毛玉凤花

9

H. finetiana Schltr.

齿片玉凤花

9

H. fordii Rolfe

线瓣玉凤花

9

H. intermedia D. Don

大花玉凤花

9

H. linearifolia Maxim.

线叶十字兰

9

H. linguella Lindl.

坡参

9

H. lucida Lindl.

细花玉凤花

9

H. plurifoliata Tang et F. T. Wang

莲座玉凤花

9

H. rhodocheila Hance

橙黄玉凤花

9 9

Haraella 香兰属 H. retrocalla (Hayata) Kudo

香兰

9 9

Hemipilia 舌喙兰属 H. flabellata Bur. et Franch.

扇唇舌喙兰

9

H. henryi Rolfe

裂唇舌喙兰

9

H. kwangsiensis T. Tang et F. T. Wang ex K. Y. Lang

广西舌喙兰

9 9

Hetaeria 翻唇兰属 H. affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. et Ormerod

滇南翻唇兰

H. finlaysoniana Seidenf.

长序翻唇兰

9 9 9

Holcoglossum 槽舌兰属 H. amesianum (Rchb. f.) Christenson

大根槽舌兰

9

H. flavescens (Schltr.) Z. H. Tsi

短距槽舌兰

9

H. kimballianum (Rchb. f.) Garay

管叶槽舌兰

9

H. quasipinifolium (Hayata) Schltr.

槽舌兰

9

H. rupestre (Hand.-Mazz.) Garay

滇西槽舌兰

9

H. sinicum Christenson

中华槽舌兰

9

H. subulifolium (Rchb. f.) Christenson

白唇槽舌兰

9

H. wangii Christenson

筒距槽舌兰

9 9

Hygrochilus 湿唇兰属 H. parishii (Rchb. f.) Pfitz.

湿唇兰

I. utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl.

9 9

Ionopsis 新堇兰属 拟堇花兰

9

451

452

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Jumellea 朱美兰属 J. comorensis (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

科摩罗朱米兰

9

J. confusa (Schltr.) Schltr.

朱米兰

9 9

Laelia 蕾丽兰属 L. cinnabarina Bateman ex Lindl.

橙黄蕾丽亚兰

9 9

Liparis 羊耳蒜属 L. assamica King et Pantl.

扁茎羊耳蒜

9

L. bootanensis Griff.

镰翅羊耳蒜

9

L. cespitosa (Lam.) Lindl.

丛生羊耳蒜

9

L. chapaensis Gagnep.

平卧羊耳蒜

9

L. cordifolia Hook. f.

心叶羊耳蒜

9

L. delicatula Hook. f.

小巧羊耳蒜

9

L. distans C. B. Clarke

大花羊耳蒜

9

L. elliptica Wight

扁球羊耳蒜

9

L. esquirolii Schltr.

贵州羊耳蒜

9

L. inaperta Finet

长苞羊耳蒜

9

L. japonica (Miq.) Maxim.

羊耳蒜

9

L. luteola Lindl.

黄花羊耳蒜

9

L. nervosa (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Lindl.

见血青

9

L. pauliana Hand.-Mazz.

长唇羊耳蒜

9

L. plantaginea Lindl.

绿花羊耳蒜

9

L. stricklandiana Rchb. f.

扇唇羊耳蒜

9

L. viridiflora (Blume) Lindl.

长茎羊耳蒜

9 9

Ludisia 血叶兰属 L. discolor (Ker-Gawl.) A. Rich.

血叶兰

9 9

Luisia 钗子股属 L. magniflora Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen

大花钗子股

9

L. morsei Rolfe

钗子股

9

L. teres (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Bl.

叉唇钗子股

9 9

Maxillaria 腭唇兰属 M. juergensii Schltr.

尤尔根腋唇兰

9

M. tenuifolia Lindl.

腋唇兰

9 9

Microtis 葱叶兰属 M. unifolia (Forst.) Rchb. f.

葱叶兰

M. barbata Lindl.

9 9

Monomeria 短瓣兰属 短瓣兰

9 9

Mycaranthes 拟毛兰属 M. floribunda (D. Don) S. C. Chen et J. J. Wood

拟毛兰

9

M. pannea (Lindl.) S. C. Chen et J. J. Wood

指叶拟毛兰

9 9

Neobenthamia 岩雪兰属 N. gracilis Rolfe

岩雪兰

9 9

Neofinetia 风兰属 N. falcata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) H. H. Hu

风兰

9

N. richardsiana Christenson

短距风兰

9 9

Neogyna 新型兰属 N. gardneriana (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

新型兰

N. cucullata (L.) Schltr.

9 9

Neottianthe 兜被兰属 二叶兜被兰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

N. tenuiflorum Blume

Volume 9

Nephelaphyllum 云叶兰属 云叶兰

9 9

Nervilia 芋兰属 N. aragoana Goud.

广布芋兰

9

N. fordii (Hance) Schltr.

毛唇芋兰

9

N. mackinnonii (Duthie) Schltr.

七角叶芋兰

9

N. plicata (Andr.) Schltr.

毛叶芋兰

N. singapureana (Baker) Rolfe

9 9

Neuwiedia 三蕊兰属 三蕊兰

9 9

Oberonia 鸢尾兰属 O. acaulis Griff.

显脉鸢尾兰

9

O. cavaleriei Finet

棒叶鸢尾兰

9

O. ensiformis (J. E. Smith) Lindl.

剑叶鸢尾兰

9

O. integerrima Guill.

全唇鸢尾兰

9

O. iridifolia Roxb. ex Lindl.

鸢尾兰

9

O. japonica (Maxim.) Makino

小叶鸢尾兰

9

O. jenkinsiana Griff. ex Lindl.

条裂鸢尾兰

9

O. menghaiensis S. C. Chen

勐海鸢尾兰

9 9

Oeoniella 喇叭唇风兰属 O. polystachys (Thouars) Schltr.

多穗喇叭唇风兰

9 9

Oncidium 文心兰属 O. ampliatum Lindl.

大文心兰

9

O. flexuosum Lodd.

文心兰

9

O. sphacelatum Lindl.

飞燕兰

9 9

Ornithochilus 羽唇兰属 O. difformis (Lindl.) Schltr.

羽唇兰

9 9

Otochilus 耳唇兰属 O. fuscus Lindl.

狭叶耳唇兰

9

O. porrectus Lindl.

耳唇兰

9 9

Oxystophyllum 拟石斛属 O. changjiangense (S. J. Cheng et C. Z. Tang) M. A. Clem.

拟石斛

9 9

Panisea 曲唇兰属 P. cavalerei Schltr.

平卧曲唇兰

9

P. tricallosa Rolfe

曲唇兰

9

P. uniflora (Lindl.) Lindl.

单花曲唇兰

9

P. yunnanensis S. C. Chen et Z. H. Tsi

云南曲唇兰

9 9

Paphiopedilum 兜兰属 P. adductum Asher

马面兜兰

9

P. appletonianum (Gower) Rolfe

卷萼兜兰

9

P. areeanum O. Gruss

根茎兜兰

9

P. armeniacum S. C. Chen et F. Y. Liu

杏黄兜兰

9

P. barbigerum T. Tang et F. T. Wang

小叶兜兰

9

P. bellatulum (Rchb. f.) Stein

巨瓣兜兰

9

P. callosum (Rchb. f.) Stein

瘤瓣兜兰

9

P. charlesworthii (Rolfe) Pfitzer

红旗兜兰

9

P. concolor (Lindl. ex Bateman) Pfitz.

同色兜兰

9

P. delenatii Guillaumin

德氏兜兰

9

P. dianthum T. Tang et F. T. Wang

长瓣兜兰

9

453

454

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. emersonii Koop. et P. J. Cribb

白花兜兰

9

P. glaucophyllum J. J. Smith

灰叶兜兰

9

P. gratrixianum Rolfe

格力兜兰

9

P. hangianum Perner et O. Gruss

汉氏兜兰

9

P. haynaldianum (Rchb. f.) Stein

细瓣兜兰

9

P. helenae Aver.

巧花兜兰

9

P. hennisianum (M. W. Wood) Fowlie

轩尼斯兜兰

9

P. henryanum Braem

亨利兜兰

9

P. hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein

带叶兜兰

9

P. insigne (Lindl.) Pfitz.

波瓣兜兰

9

P. malipoense S. C. Chen et Z. H. Tsi

麻栗坡兜兰

9

P. malipoense var. angustatum (Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen) Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen

窄瓣兜兰

9

P. malipoense var. jackii (S. H. Hu) Aver. et al.

浅斑兜兰

9

P. micranthum T. Tang et F. T. Wang

硬叶兜兰

9

P. parishii (Rchb. f.) Stein

飘带兜兰

9

P. philippinense (Rchb. f.) Stein

菲律宾兜兰

9

P. primulinum M. W. Wood et P. Taylor

报春兜兰

9

P. purpuratum (Lindl.) Stein

紫纹兜兰

9

P. spicerianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer

白旗兜兰

9

P. tigrinum Koop. et Haseg.

虎斑兜兰

9

P. vietnamense O. Gruss et Perner

越南兜兰

9

P. villosum (Lindl.) Stein

紫毛兜兰

9

P. villosum var. boxallii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer

包氏兜兰

9

P. villosum var. densissimum (Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen) Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen

密毛兜兰

9

P. wardii Summerh.

彩云兜兰

9

P. wenshanense Z. J. Liu et J. Y. Zhang

文山兜兰

9 9

Papilionanthe 凤蝶兰属 P. biswasiana (Ghose et Mukerjee) Garay

白花凤蝶兰

P. hookeriana (Rchb. f.) Schltr. P. teres (Roxb.) Schltr.

9 凤蝶兰

9

鼠尾蝴蝶兰

9

9

Paraphalaenopsis 筒叶蝶兰属 P. labukensis (P. S. Shim) A. Lamb et C. L. Chan.

9

9

Pelatantheria 钻柱兰属 P. bicuspidata (Rolfe ex Downie) T. Tang et F. T. Wang

尾丝钻柱兰

9

P. ctenoglossum Ridl.

锯尾钻柱兰

9

P. rivesii (Guillaum.) T. Tang et F. T. Wang

钻柱兰

9 9

Peristylus 阔蕊兰属 P. bulleyi (Rolfe) K. Y. Lang

条叶阔蕊兰

9

P. goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl.

阔蕊兰

9

P. lacertiferus (Lindl.) J. J. Smith

撕唇阔蕊兰

9 9

Phaius 鹤顶兰属 P. columnaris C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng

仙笔鹤顶兰

9

P. flavus (Blume) Lindl.

黄花鹤顶兰

9

P. mishmensis (Lindl. et Paxt.) Rchb. f.

紫花鹤顶兰

9

P. takeoi (Hayata) H. J. Su

长茎鹤顶兰

9

P. tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Herit.) Blume

鹤顶兰

9

P. wallichii Lindl.

大花鹤顶兰

9

P. wenshanensis F. Y. Liu

文山鹤顶兰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Phalaenopsis 蝴蝶兰属 P. amabilis (L.) Blume

美丽蝴蝶兰

9

P. aphrodite Rchb. f.

蝴蝶兰

9

P. appendiculata Carr.

齿脊蝴蝶兰

9

P. braceana (Hook. f.) Christenson

尖囊蝴蝶兰

9

P. deliciosa Rchb. f.

大尖囊蝴蝶兰

9

P. equestris (Schauer) Rchb. f.

小兰屿蝴蝶兰

9

P. gigantea J. J. Smith

象耳蝴蝶兰

9

P. lobbii (Rchb. f.) H. R. Sweet

罗比蝴蝶兰

9

P. mannii Rchb. f.

版纳蝴蝶兰

9

P. schilleriana Rchb. f.

西蕾丽蝴蝶兰

9

P. stobariana Rchb. f.

滇西蝴蝶兰

9

P. tetraspis Rchb. f.

盾花蝴蝶兰

9

P. wilsonii Rolfe

华西蝴蝶兰

9 9

Pholidota 石仙桃属 P. articulata Lindl.

节茎石仙桃

9

P. bracteata (D. Don) Seidenf.

粗脉石仙桃

9

P. cantonensis Rolfe

细叶石仙桃

9

P. chinensis Lindl.

石仙桃

9

P. imbricata Hook.

宿苞石仙桃

9

P. leveilleana Schltr.

单叶石仙桃

9

P. longipes S. C. Chen et Z. H. Tsi

长足石仙桃

9

P. wenshanica S. C. Chen et Z. H. Tsi

文山石仙桃

9

P. yunnanensis Rolfe

云南石仙桃

9 9

Platanthera 舌唇兰属 P. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.

舌唇兰

9

P. minor (Miq.) Rchb. f.

小舌唇兰

9 9

Pleione 独蒜兰属 P. albiflora Cribb et C. Z. Tang

白花独蒜兰

9

P. bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe

独蒜兰

9

P. chunii C. L. Tso

陈氏独蒜兰

9

P. formosana Hayata

台湾独蒜兰

9

P. forrestii Schltr.

黄花独蒜兰

9

P. kohlsii Braem

春花独蒜兰

9

P. limprichtii Schltr.

四川独蒜兰

9

P. maculata (Lindl.) Lindl.

秋花独蒜兰

9

P. praecox (J. E. Smith) D. Don

疣鞘独蒜兰

9

P. saxicola T. Tang et F. T. Wang ex S. C. Chen

岩生独蒜兰

9

P. scopulorum W. W. Smith

二叶独蒜兰

9

P. yunnanensis (Rolfe) Rolfe

云南独蒜兰

9 9

Podangis 裂距兰属 P. dactyloceras (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

水母兰

P. khasianus Hook. f.

柄唇兰 朱兰

9 9

Polystachya 多穗兰属 P. concreta (Jacq.) Garay et Sweet

9 9

Pogonia 朱兰属 P. japonica Rchb. f.

9 9

Podochilus 柄唇兰属

多穗兰

9

455

456

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

P. spicatum Breda

Volume 9

Pomatocalpa 鹿角兰属 鹿角兰

9 9

Prosthechea 章鱼兰属 P. cochleata (L.) W. E. Higgins

章鱼兰

9

P. fragrans (Sw.) W. E. Higgins

芳香章鱼兰

9

P. radiata (Lindl.) W. E. Higgins

小章鱼兰

9 9

Psychopsis 拟蝶唇兰属 P. papilio (Lindl.) H. G. Jones

拟蝶唇兰

P. simondianus (Gagnep.) Aver.

9 9

Pteroceras 长足兰属 滇越长足兰

9 9

Renanthera 火焰兰属 R. citrina Aver.

中华火焰兰

9

R. coccinea Lour.

火焰兰

9

R. imschootiana Rolfe

云南火焰兰

9

R. monachica Ames

豹斑火焰兰

9 9

Rhyncholaelia 喙果兰属 R. digbyana (Lindl.) Schltr.

猪哥喙丽兰

9 9

Rhynchostylis 钻喙兰属 R. coelestis (Rchb. f.) A. H. Kent

蓝花钻喙兰(新拟)

9

R. gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl.

海南钻喙兰

9

R. retusa (L.) Blume

钻喙兰

9 9

Robiquetia 寄树兰属 R. spathulata (Blume) J. J. Smith

大叶寄树兰

9

R. succisa (Lindl.) Seidenf. et Garay

寄树兰

9 9

Sarcoglyphis 大喙兰属 S. magnirostris Z. H. Tsi

短帽大喙兰

9

S. smithianus (Kerr.) Seidenf.

大喙兰

9 9

Schoenorchis 匙唇兰属 S. gemmata (Lindl.) J. J. Smith

匙唇兰

9

S. juncifolia Reinw. ex Blume

圆柱叶匙唇兰

9

S. tixieri (Guillaum.) Seidenf.

圆叶匙唇兰

9 9

Schomburgkia 香蕉兰属 S. thomsoniana (Rchb. f.) Rolfe

香蕉兰

9

S. undulata Lindl.

匈伯拉兰

9 9

Sedirea 萼脊兰属 S. japonica (Linden et Rchb. f.) Garay et Sweet

萼脊兰

9

S. subparishii (Z. H. Tsi) Christenson

短茎萼脊兰

9 9

Smitinandia 盖喉兰属 S. micrantha (Lindl.) Holttum

盖喉兰

9 9

Sobralia 折叶兰属 S. decora Bateman

美丽箬叶兰

9

S. macrantha Lindl.

大花箬叶兰

9 9

Spathoglottis 苞舌兰属 S. paulinae F. Muell.

地生苞舌兰

9

S. plicata Blume

紫花苞舌兰

9

S. pubescens Lindl.

苞舌兰

9 9

Spiranthes 绶草属 S. sinensis (Pers.) Ames

绶草

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

S. wardii Lodd. ex Lindl.

Volume 9

Stanhopea 奇唇兰属 沃氏奇唇兰

9 9

Staurochilus 掌唇兰属 S. dawsonianus (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

掌唇兰

9

S. loratus (Rolfe ex Downie) Seidenf.

小掌唇兰

9 9

Stereochilus 坚唇兰属 S. brevirachis Christenson

短轴坚唇兰

S. andersonii (King et Pantl.) P. F. Hunt

9 9

Sunipia 大苞兰属 黄花大苞兰

9

S. candida (Lindl.) P. F. Hunt

白花大苞兰

9

S. scariosa Lindl.

大苞兰

9 9

Tainia 带唇兰属 T. cordifolia Hook. f.

心叶带唇兰

9

T. dunnii Rolfe

带唇兰

9

T. hongkongensis Rolfe

香港带唇兰

9

T. latifolia (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

阔叶带唇兰

9

T. macrantha Hook. f.

大花带唇兰

9

T. penangiana Hook. f.

绿花带唇兰

9

T. ruybarrettoi (S. Y. Hu et Barretto) Aver.

南方带唇兰

9

T. viridifusca (Hook.) Benth. ex Hook. f.

高褶带唇兰

9 9

Thecopus 盒足兰属 T. maingayi (Hook. f.) Seidenf.

盒足兰

T. pygmaea (Griff.) Lindl.

9 9

Thelasis 矮柱兰属 矮柱兰

9 9

Thrixspermum 白点兰属 T. amplexicaule (Blume) Rchb. f.

抱茎白点兰

9

T. centipeda Lour.

白点兰

9

T. hystrix (Blume) Rchb. f.

毛刷白点兰

9

T. japonicum (Miq.) Rchb. f.

小叶白点兰

9

T. saruwatarii (Hayata) Schltr.

长轴白点兰

9 9

Thunia 笋兰属 T. alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

笋兰

9

Trichoglottis 毛舌兰属 T. cirrhifera Teijsm. et Binn.

波状毛舌兰(新拟)

T. geminata (Teijsm. et Binn.) J. J. Smith T. philippinensis Lindl.

9 9

菲律宾毛舌兰

T. smithii Carr. T. subviolacea (Llanos) Merr.

9

9 9

巴丹毛舌兰

9 9

Trichotosia 毛鞘兰属 T. dasyphylla (Parish et Rchb. f.) Kraenzl.

瓜子毛鞘兰

9

T. pulvinata (Lindl.) Kraenzl.

高茎毛鞘兰

9

T. velutina (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Kraenzl.

绒叶毛鞘兰

9 9

Trigonidium 美洲三角兰属 T. egertonianum Bateman ex Lindl.

爱格坦三角兰

9 9

Tropidia 竹茎兰属 T. angulosa (Lindl.) Blume

阔叶竹茎兰

9

T. curculigoides Lindl.

短穗竹茎兰

9

Tuberolabium 管唇兰属

9

457

458

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. kotoense Yamamoto

管唇兰

9 9

Tulotis 蜻蜓兰属 T. ussuriensis (Regel et Maack) H. Hara

小花蜻蜓兰

9 9

Uncifera 叉喙兰属 U. acuminata Lindl.

叉喙兰

9 9

Vanda 万代兰属 V. alpina (Lindl.) Lindl.

垂头万代兰

9

V. brunnea Rchb. f.

白柱万代兰

9

V. coerulea Griff. ex Lindl.

大花万代兰

9

V. coerulescens Griff.

小蓝万代兰

9

V. concolor Blume

琴唇万代兰

9

V. cristata Lindl.

叉唇万代兰

9

V. insignis Blume

9

V. lamellata Lindl.

雅美万代兰

9

V. pumila Hook. f.

矮万代兰

9

V. subconcolor T. Tang et F. T. Wang

纯色万带兰

9

V. tricolor Lindl.

三色万代兰

9

V. tricuspidata J. J. Smith

9 9

Vandopsis 拟万代兰属 V. gigantea (Lindl.) Pfitz.

拟万代兰

9

V. undulata (Lindl.) J. J. Smith

白花拟万代兰

9 9

Vanilla 香荚兰属 V. mexicana Mill.

狭叶香荚兰

9

V. planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews

香荚兰

9

V. siamensis Rolfe ex Downie

大香荚兰

9 9

Zeuxine 线柱兰属 Z. affinis (Lindl.) Benth.

宽叶线柱兰

9

Z. nervosa (Lindl.) Benth.

芳线柱兰

9

Z. strateumatica (L.) Schltr.

线柱兰

9 9

Zygopetalum 轭瓣兰属 Z. maculatum (Kunth) Garay

轭瓣兰

162. Orobanchaceae 列当科 Herbs perennial, biennial, or annual, parasitic. No or hardly chlorophyll. Stems often unbranched or a few branched. Leaves scaly, spirally arranged, or arranged densely at stem basal, nearly imbricate. Flowers mostly in racemes or spikes along upper part of stem, or tufted apically, a capitula-like, rarely solitary at stem apex. Bract 1 often similar to leaf shape; bracteoles 2 or absent above bract, adnate to base of calyx or on pedicel. Flowers almost sessile or long or short pedicels. Flowers bisexual, protogyny, often insects pollinated. Calyx tubular, cupular or campanulate, apical shallow 4–5-lobed

Aeginetia indica 野菰

9

458

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Orchidaceae 兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. kotoense Yamamoto

管唇兰

9 9

Tulotis 蜻蜓兰属 T. ussuriensis (Regel et Maack) H. Hara

小花蜻蜓兰

9 9

Uncifera 叉喙兰属 U. acuminata Lindl.

叉喙兰

9 9

Vanda 万代兰属 V. alpina (Lindl.) Lindl.

垂头万代兰

9

V. brunnea Rchb. f.

白柱万代兰

9

V. coerulea Griff. ex Lindl.

大花万代兰

9

V. coerulescens Griff.

小蓝万代兰

9

V. concolor Blume

琴唇万代兰

9

V. cristata Lindl.

叉唇万代兰

9

V. insignis Blume

9

V. lamellata Lindl.

雅美万代兰

9

V. pumila Hook. f.

矮万代兰

9

V. subconcolor T. Tang et F. T. Wang

纯色万带兰

9

V. tricolor Lindl.

三色万代兰

9

V. tricuspidata J. J. Smith

9 9

Vandopsis 拟万代兰属 V. gigantea (Lindl.) Pfitz.

拟万代兰

9

V. undulata (Lindl.) J. J. Smith

白花拟万代兰

9 9

Vanilla 香荚兰属 V. mexicana Mill.

狭叶香荚兰

9

V. planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews

香荚兰

9

V. siamensis Rolfe ex Downie

大香荚兰

9 9

Zeuxine 线柱兰属 Z. affinis (Lindl.) Benth.

宽叶线柱兰

9

Z. nervosa (Lindl.) Benth.

芳线柱兰

9

Z. strateumatica (L.) Schltr.

线柱兰

9 9

Zygopetalum 轭瓣兰属 Z. maculatum (Kunth) Garay

轭瓣兰

162. Orobanchaceae 列当科 Herbs perennial, biennial, or annual, parasitic. No or hardly chlorophyll. Stems often unbranched or a few branched. Leaves scaly, spirally arranged, or arranged densely at stem basal, nearly imbricate. Flowers mostly in racemes or spikes along upper part of stem, or tufted apically, a capitula-like, rarely solitary at stem apex. Bract 1 often similar to leaf shape; bracteoles 2 or absent above bract, adnate to base of calyx or on pedicel. Flowers almost sessile or long or short pedicels. Flowers bisexual, protogyny, often insects pollinated. Calyx tubular, cupular or campanulate, apical shallow 4–5-lobed

Aeginetia indica 野菰

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

459

or deeply lobed, occasionally 6-lobed, or deeply 2-lobed to basal or near to basal, while calyx lobes entire or 2-lobed at apex, or calyx spathe-like then one side lobed to near basal, or sepals free, 3, or calyx absent. Corolla zygomorphic, often contorted, bilabiate, upper lip keel like, entire or arch shaped, apex slightly concave or 2-lobed, apex of lower lip 3-lobed, or corolla tubular, campanulate or funnelform, apex 5-lobed and lobes nearly equal size. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in or below middle corolla tube, alternate with corolla lobes. Filaments slender. Pistil with 2 or 3 carpels; ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal, often 2-valved, rarely 3-valved, exocarp slightly hard. Seeds small. About 15 genera and 150 species: North Temperate regions, less represented in Africa, America, Asia, and Australia; nine genera and 42 species (nine endemics) in China. A total of five species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 9% (4/46) species and 44% (4/9) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-162

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Orobanchaceae

Orobanchaceae 列当科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Aeginetia 野菰属 A. indica L.

野菰

9

A. sinensis G. Beck

中国蛇菰

9 9

Boschniakia 草苁蓉属 B. himalaica Hook. f. et Thoms.

丁座草

9 9

Cistanche 肉苁蓉属 C. tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight.

管花肉苁蓉

9 9

Orobanche 列当属 O. cernua Loefling

弯管列当

163. Oxalidaceae 酢浆草科 Herbs annual or perennial, rarely shrubs or trees. Rhizomes or bulbous tubers, often fleshy, or with rhizomes above ground. Leaves simple, basal or cauline, pinnate; leaflets often folded together and pendulous at night, margin normally entire; stipules absent or small. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary or in umbellate or corymbs, a few racemose or cymose. Sepals 5, free or basal, imbricate, with a few valvate. Petals 5, sometimes basal connate, convolute arranged. Stamens 10, in 2 whorls, in 5 long and 5 short, extrorse and opposite to petals. Filaments often connate at base, sometimes 5 without anthers. Anthers 2-celled. Pistil having 5 syncytial carpels. Ovary superior, 5-loculed, ovules 1 to several per locule, placentation axile. Styles 5, distinct, persistent, stigma often capitate, sometimes lobed. Fruit a dehiscent capsule or fleshy berry. Seeds usually fleshy, elastic exotesta when dried. Six to eight genera and ca. 780 species occur

Averrhoa bilimbi 三敛

9

460

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

mostly in tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres extending into temperate regions. Three genera and 13 species found in China. A total of 22 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 77% (10/13) species and 100% (3/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-163

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Oxalidaceae

Oxalidaceae 酢浆草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Averrhoa 阳桃属 A. bilimbi L.

三敛

9

A. carambola L.

阳桃

9 9

Biophytum 感应草属 B. fruticosum Blume

分枝感应草

9

B. sensitivum (L.) DC.

感应草

9

B. umbraculum Welw.

无柄感应草

9 9

Oxalis 酢浆草属 O. acetosella L.

白花酢浆草

9

O. acetosella ssp. griffithii (Edgew. et Hook. f.) Hara

山酢浆草

9

O. adenodes Sond.

阿德诺兹酢浆草

9 9

O. articulata Savigny

关节酢浆草

O. bowiei Lindl.

大花酢浆草

9

O. brasiliensis Lodd.

巴西酢

9

O. corniculata L.

酢浆草

9

O. corymbosa DC.

红花酢浆草

9

O. glabra Thunb.

光洁酢浆草

9

O. namaquana Sond.

纳马夸纳酢

9

O. nidulans Turcz.

巢酢浆草

9

O. perdicaria (Molina) Bertero

叶状酢

9

O. pes-caprae L.

黄花酢浆草

9

O. purpurea L.

芙蓉酢浆草

9

O. repens Thunb.

9

O. stricta L.

直立酢浆草

9

O. triangularis A. St.-Hil.

三角叶酢浆草

9

O. violacea L.

堇色酢浆草

9

164. Pandanaceae 露兜树科 Trees, shrub, or lianas, evergreen, rarely herbs. Stems mostly pseudobifurcately branched, occasionally twisted, often with air roots. Leaves narrow, long, linear, hard leathery, in 3–4 rows, spirally arranged, at apex of branches; keeled abaxially raised midvein; parallel veined, margin and midrib abaxially often spinulose; leaf basal with open sheath, dense ring scars on branch after falling off. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, branched or not, spicate, capitate or paniculate, sometimes in fleshy spikes, often surrounded by a number of leaflike spathes, spathes and inflore-

Pandanus tectorius 露兜树

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

461

scences mostly fragrant. Perianth absent or in syncytic scales. Male flowers with one or more stamens; upper part of filaments often free and lower part connate into bundles. Styles very short or absent, stigma varied. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, ovules 1 to many per locule, anatropous, placentation basal or parietal. Fruit a berry or drupe, when drupaceous a multiple structure composed of many woody, or basally fleshy or fibrous, cylindric to globose. Seeds tiny. Three genera and ca. 800 species occur in Old World tropics. Two genera and seven species found in China. A total of 12 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 57% (4/7) species and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-164

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pandanaceae

Pandanaceae 露兜树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Pandanus 露兜树属 P. altissimus (Brongn.) Solms

新喀露兜

9

P. amaryllifolius Roxb.

香露兜

9

P. austrosinensis T. L. Wu

露兜草

9

P. fibrosus Gagnep.

小露兜

9

P. forceps Martelli

簕古子

9

P. furcatus Roxb.

分叉露兜

9

P. papuanus Solms

巴布露兜

9

P. polycephalus Lam.

多头露兜

9

P. stellatus Martelli

秀丽露兜

9

P. tectorius Parkinson

露兜树

9

P. tonkinensis Martelli ex B. C. Stone

小果山菠萝

9

P. utilis Borg.

红刺露兜树

9

165. Papaveraceae 罂粟科 Herbs, rarely subshrubs, small shrubs or shrubs, annual, biennial or perennial, glabrous or villous, sometimes spiny, often lactiferous, milky or colored. Main root distinct, thin fibrous or tuberous, rarely tubers. Basal leaves often rosulate; cauline leaves alternate, rarely upper opposite or subwhorled, entire or lobed, sometimes tendriled, estipulate. Flowers solitary or arranged in racemes, cymes, or panicles. Flowers bisexual, regular actinomorphic to extremely irregular zygomorphic. Sepals 2 or less often 3–4, often free, imbricate, fugacious. Petals usually twice as long as calyx, 4–8 (sometimes 12–16) arranged in 2 whorls, rarely absent, imbricated, sometimes choripetalous or quasiPapaver nudicaule 野罂粟 sympetalous, free or apical connate, mostly showing colors, rarely colorless. Stamens numerous, free, in several whorls, or 4 free, or 6 synthesized into 2 bundles.

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Filaments usually filiform, or rarely winged, lanceolate or 3-deeply lobed. Anthers erect, 2-locular, connectives thin, longitudinal slits; pollen grains 2 or 3-nuclear, 3 to several pores, less 2-pore. Ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, valved or apically poricidal. Seeds small and spherical. Forty genera and ca. 800 species occur mainly in the northern Hemisphere of both Old and New Worlds, extending into Central and South America, a few in Africa. Eighteen genera and 482 species found in China. Many species are used medicinally due to the high content of alkaloids. A total of 38 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 7% (36/482) species and 67% (12/18) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-165

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Papaveraceae

Papaveraceae 罂粟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Argemone 蓟罂粟属 A. mexicana L.

蓟罂粟

肖博落回

9 9

Chelidonium 白屈菜属 C. majus L.

9 9

Bocconia 博落木属 B. arborea S. Watson

Volume

白屈菜

9 9

Corydalis 紫堇属 C. adrienii Prain

美丽紫堇

9

C. adunca Maxim.

灰绿黄堇

9

C. balansae Prain

北越紫堇

9

C. cheilanthifolia Hemsl.

地柏枝

9

C. decumbens (Thunb.) Pers.

伏生紫堇

9

C. edulis Maxim.

紫堇

9

C. incisa (Thunb.) Pers.

刻叶紫堇

9

C. leptocarpa Hook. f. et Thoms.

细果紫堇

9

C. ophiocarpa Hook. f. et Thoms.

蛇果黄堇

9

C. pallida (Thunb.) Pers.

黄堇

9

C. racemosa (Thumb.) Pers.

小花黄堇

9

C. sheareri S. Moore

地锦苗

9

C. smithiana Fedde

箐边紫堇

9

C. taliensis Franch.

金钩如意草

9

C. temulifolia Franch.

大叶紫堇

9

C. triternatifolia C. Y. Wu

重三出黄堇

9

C. yanhusuo W. T. Wang ex Z. Su et C. Y. Wu

延胡索

9 9

Dactylicapnos 紫金龙属 D. scandens (D. Don) Hutch.

紫金龙

9

D. torulosa (Hook. f. et Thomson) Hutch.

扭果紫金龙

9

秃疮花

9

9

Dicranostigma 秃疮花属 D. leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde

9

Eomecon 血水草属 E. chionantha Hance

血水草

E. californica Cham.

9 9

Eschscholzia 花菱草属 花菱草

9

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

463

continued Papaveraceae 罂粟科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

G. squamigerum Kar. et Kir.

Volume 9

Glaucium 海罂粟属 新疆海罂粟

9 9

Hylomecon 荷青花属 H. japonica (Thunb.) Prantl et Kündig

荷青花

9

H. japonica var. dissecta (Franch. et Sav.) Fedde

多裂荷青花

9 9

Lamprocapnos 荷包牡丹属 L. spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara

荷包牡丹

9 9

Macleaya 博落回属 M. cordata (Willd.) R. Br.

博落回

9

M. microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde

小果博落回

9 9

Meconopsis 绿绒蒿属 M. integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch.

全缘叶绿绒蒿

9 9

Papaver 罂粟属 P. canescens A. Tolm.

灰毛罂粟

9

P. nudicaule L.

野罂粟

9

P. orientale L.

鬼罂粟

9

P. rhoeas L.

虞美人

9

P. somniferum L.

罂粟

9 9

Stylophorum 金罂粟属 S. lasiocarpum (Oliv.) Fedde

金罂粟

9

S. sutchuense (Franch.) Fedde

四川金罂粟

9

166. Passifloraceae 西番莲科 Herbs or woody vines, rarely shrubs or small trees, with axillary tendrils. Leaves simple, rarely compound, alternate or subopposite, entire or lobed, petiolate, often glandular, usually stipulate. Inflorescence cymose, axillary, sometimes reduced to only 1–2 flowers; often 1–3 bracts. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, unisexual, and rarely polygamous. Sepals 5, occasionally 3–8. Petals 5, rarely 3–8, very rarely absent; outer and inner corona various, sometimes absent. Stamens 4–5, occasionally 4–8 or numerous. Anthers 2-celled, longitudinal slits; 3–5 carpels, ovary superior, usually on the gynoecium stalk, 1-locular, parietal placentae, ovules anatropous. Styles same as carpels, stigma Passiflora edulis 鸡蛋果 capitate or reniform. Fruit a berry or capsule, indehiscent or loculicidal. Seeds several, erect. About 16 genera and 660 species occur mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. Two genera and 23 species found in China. A total of 23 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 70% (16/23) species and 100% (2/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been

464

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-166

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Passifloraceae

Passifloraceae 西番莲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Adenia 蒴莲属 A. ballyi Verdc.

球腺蔓

9

A. cardiophylla (Mast.) Engl.

三开瓢

9

A. chevalieri Gagnen.

蒴莲

9

A. firingalavensis (Drake ex Jum.) Harms

幻蝶蔓

9

A. heterophylla (Blume) Koord.

异叶蒴莲

9

A. penangiana (Wall. ex G. Don) W. J. de Wilde

滇南蒴莲

9 9

Passiflora 西番莲属 P. altebilobata Hemsl.

月叶西番莲

9

P. amethystina J. C. Mikan

紫花西番莲

9

P. biflora Dombey ex Triana et Planch.

双花西番莲

9

P. caerulea L.

西番莲

9

P. capsularis L.

蝙蝠西番莲

9

P. coccinea Aubl.

红花西番莲

9

P. cochinchinensis Sprengel

蛇王藤

9

P. cupiformis Mast.

杯叶西番莲

9

P. edulis Sims

鸡蛋果

9

P. foetida L.

龙珠果

9

P. henryi Hemsl.

圆叶西番莲

9

P. kwangtungensis Merr.

广东西番莲

9

P. papilio H. L. Li

蝴蝶藤

9

P. quadrangularis L.

大果西番莲

9

P. siamica W. G. Craib

长叶西番莲

9

P. suberosa L.

细柱西番莲

9

P. wilsonii Hemsl.

镰叶西番莲

9

167. Pedaliaceae 胡麻科 Herbs annual or perennial, rarely shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate on upper part of stems, entire, dentate or lobed. Flowers zygomorphic, solitary, axillary or in terminal racemes, rarely fascicled. Pedicels short, bracts absent or tiny. Calyx 4–5 deeply lobed. Corolla tubular, obscurely bilabiate, 5-lobed, imbricate. Stamens 4, didynamous, often with 1 staminode. Anthers 2-locular, introrse, dehiscent. Disc fleshy. Ovary superior or rarely inferior, 2–4-loculed, rarely pseudo-locular, placentation axile. Style filiform, stigma 2-lobed, ovules numerous, anatropous. Fruit a capsule, indehiscent, often winged or with horns or hooks. Seeds numerous.

Uncarina grandidieri 黄花胡麻

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

465

About 13 or 14 genera and 62–85 species occur primarily in tropical and subtropical parts of the Old World, especially Africa. Two genera and two species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. All two species (2/2) and two genera (2/2) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-167

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pedaliaceae

Pedaliaceae 胡麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Sesamum 胡麻属 S. indicum L.

芝麻

9 9

Trapella 茶菱属 T. sinensis Oliv.

茶菱

9 9

Uncarina 钩刺麻属 U. roeoesliana Rauh

肉茎钩刺麻

9

168. Pentaphylacaceae 五列木科 Trees or shrubs, evergreen, with bud scales. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, stipules persistent. Flowers small, bisexual, actinomorphic, arranged into axillary pseudo-spikes or pseudo-racemes. Bracteoles 2, persistent, close to calyx, ± keel like, with eyelashes. Sepals 5, unequal, round, imbricate, with eyelashes, persistent. Petals 5, white, thick, obovate oblong, apical round or slightly concave, imbricate in bud, basal often connate with stamens. Stamens 5, inflexed in bud, then erect, alternate with petals, shorter than petals, smaller anthers. Basal anthers, 2-locular, apically poricidal. No disk. Ovary superior, 5-locular, 2 ovules per locule, juxtaposed, pendulous, with 2 layers of integuments. Pentaphylax euryoides 五列木 Style simple, long and persistent, with distinct or indistinct stars like 5-points, stigma small but obvious, spine-like. Fruit a capsule, elliptic. Seeds oblong, flattened, apex winged or sometimes absent. One species occurs in China, Indonesia (North Sumatra), Malaysia, Vietnam. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-168

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pentaphylacaceae

Pentaphylacaceae 五列木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

9

Pentaphylax 五列木属 P. euryoides Gardn. et Champ.

Volume

五列木

9

466

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

169. Philydraceae 田葱科 Herbs perennial, erect. Rhizomes short, with tufted roots. Leaves basal and cauline: cauline alternate but basal, distichous, linear, flat, parallel veined, basal sheath, or oblate and sword like. Stomata horizontal. Two subsidiary cells parallel to the guard cells, additional 2–4 subsidiary cells less obvious. Inflorescence solitary or compound spike; flower axillary in larger bract, sometimes partially connate with bracts, zygomorphic. Perianth 4 segments, petaloid, in 2 whorls, yellow or white, outer 2 whorls large, similar to upper and lower lips; 2 inner whorls smaller. Stamen 1, at base of distal perianth segment. Filaments flat and hairless. Anthers peltate, with a wide septum, 2-loculed. Pistil 3-carpels. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal, rarely irregularly dehiscent. Seeds narrowly pyriform and terete; testa spirally striated. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Philydrum lanuginosum 田葱 Table IV-169

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Philydraceae

Philydraceae 田葱科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Philydrum 田葱属 P. lanuginosum Banks et Sol. ex Gaertn.

田葱

9

170. Phrymaceae 透骨草科 Herbs perennial, erect. Stems 4-angular. Leaves simple, opposite, dentate, estipulate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary spikes, slender, bracteate and bracteolate, with long peduncle. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, insect pollinated. Calyx connate into tubular, 5-angular; limb bilabiate, upper lip 3 sepals subulate, apex hook like and reflexed, lower lip 2 sepals short, triangular. Corolla blue purple, lavender to white, sympetalous, funnelform tube, eaves 2-lipped, upper lip erect, nearly entire, slightly concave to 2-lobed, lower lip large, spreading, 3-lobed, imbricate. Stamens 4, inserted in corolla tube, concealed. Filaments narrow and linear. Anthers distinct, reniform globose, dorsifixed,

Phryma leptostachya ssp. asiatica 透骨草

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

467

2-locular, parallel, longitudinal dehiscent, apically poricidal. Pollen grains with 3 grooves. Pistil of 2 connate carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit an achene, narrowly elliptic, enclosed in persistent calyx tube, 1 seed. About 14 genera and 150 species occur worldwide, especially in Western North America and Australia. One genus and one species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. 100% (1/1) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-170

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Phrymaceae

Phrymaceae 透骨草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Phryma 透骨草属 P. leptostachya L.

北美透骨草

9

171. Phytolaccaceae 商陆科 Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, erect, rarely scandent, often glabrous. Leaves alternate, entire, stipules absent or tiny. Flowers small, bisexual or sometimes degenerated into unisexual (dioecious), actinomorphic or nearly actinomorphic. Inflorescence racemes or cymes, panicles, spikes, axillary or terminal. Perianth segments 4–5, tepals free or basal connate, equal or unequal in size, leaflike or petaloid, imbricate in bud, elliptic or round, blunt at the top, green or sometimes changing colors, persistent. Stamens varies greatly, 4–5 or many, inserted on fleshy disk, alternate or opposite to tepals, or irregularly. Filaments linear or subulate, free or slightly connate at base, usually persistent. Anthers dorsifixed, Phytolacca americana 垂序商陆 2-locular, parallel, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, sometimes inferior, globose. Fruit fleshy, a berry or drupe, rarely a capsule. Seeds small, laterally oblate. Seventeen genera and ca. 70 species occur widespread in tropical and temperate regions, especially in Neotropics and South Africa. Two genera and five species found in China. A total of six species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 80% (4/5) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-171

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Phytolaccaceae

Phytolaccaceae 商陆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 9

Phytolacca 商陆属 P. acinosa Roeb.

商陆

9

P. americana L.

垂序商陆

9

P. dioica L.

树商陆

9

P. dodecandra L’Her.

十蕊商陆

9

468

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Phytolaccaceae 商陆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. polyandra Batalin

多雄蕊商陆

9 9

Rivina 蕾芬属 R. humilis L.

蕾芬

9

172. Piperaceae 胡椒科 Herbs, shrubs or climbers, rarely trees, often aromatic. Vascular bundles more or less scattered in transverse section, similar to monocotyledons. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple, often asymmetric, palmately or pinnately veined; stipules more or less adnate to petioles or not, or estipulate. Flowers small, bisexual, unisexual, dioecious or polygamodioecious, densely grouped into spikes or pedunculate spikes, extremely rare into racemes, inflorescences opposite to leaves or axillary, rarely terminal. Bracts small, usually peltate or cupular, rarely spoon like; perianth absent. Stamens 1–10, filaments usually free, anthers 2-locular, distinct or connate, Peperomia argyreia 西瓜皮椒草 longitudinal slits. Pistils 2–5-carpels, connate, ovary superior, 1-locular. Fruit a berry, small, fleshy, thin or dry pericarp. About eight or nine genera and 2000–3000 species occur in tropical and subtropical regions, mostly in North and South America, fewer in Asia, a few in Africa. Four genera and 73 species found in China. A total of 57 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 45% (33/73) species and 75% (3/4) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-172

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Piperaceae

Piperaceae 胡椒科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Peperomia 草胡椒属 P. argyreia (Miq.) E. Morren

西瓜皮椒草

10

P. arifolia Miq.

椒草

10

P. blanda (Jacq.) Kunth

石蝉草

10

P. caperata Yuncker

皱叶椒草

10

P. clusiifolia (Jacq.) Hook.

红边椒草

10

P. dolabriformis Kunth

斧叶椒草

10

P. graveolens Rauh et Barthlott

红椒草

10

P. heyneana Miq.

蒙自草胡椒

10

P. leptostachya var. cambodiana (C. DC.) Merr.

柬埔寨草胡椒

10

P. obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.

圆叶椒草

10

P. pellucida (L.) Kunth

草胡椒

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Piperaceae 胡椒科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. polybotrya Kunth

荷叶椒草

10

P. puteolata Trel.

白脉胡草

10

P. serpens (Sw.) Loud.

垂椒草

10

P. tetragona Ruiz et Pav.

白脉椒草

10

P. tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn.

豆瓣绿

10

P. tetraphylla var. sinensis Chen et P.C.

毛叶豆瓣绿

10

P. tithymaloides A. Dietr.

花叶豆瓣绿

10

P. verschaffeltii Lem.

斑马椒草

10 10

Piper 胡椒属 P. aduncum L.

树胡椒

10

P. arboricola C. DC.

小叶爬崖香

10

P. austrosinense Y. C. Tseng

华南胡椒

10

P. bambusaefolium Tseng

竹叶胡椒

10

P. bavinum C. DC.

腺脉蒟

10

P. betle L.

蒌叶

10

P. boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinensis C. DC.

光轴苎叶蒟

10

P. boehmeriaefolium (Miq.) C. DC.

苎叶蒟

10

P. boehmeriifolium (Miq.) Wall. ex C. DC.

滇南胡椒

10

P. cathayanum M. G. Gilbert et N. H. Xia

华山蒌

10

P. chaudocanum C. DC.

勐海胡椒

10

P. chinense Miq.

中华胡椒

10

P. curtipedunculum C. DC.

细苞胡椒

10

P. damiaoshanense Tseng

大苗山胡椒

10

P. flaviflorum C. DC.

黄花胡椒

10

P. glabricaule C. DC.

光茎胡椒

10

P. hancei Maxim.

山蒟

10

P. hispidum Sw.

毛叶树胡椒

10

P. hochiense Y. C. Tseng

河池胡椒

10

P. hongkongense A. DC.

毛蒟

10

P. kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi

风藤

10

P. longum L.

荜拔

10

P. macropodum C. DC.

粗梗胡椒

10

P. mischocarpum Y. Q. Tseng

柄果胡椒

10

P. mullesua D. Don

短蒟

10

P. mutabile C. DC.

变叶胡椒

10

P. nigrum L.

胡椒

10

P. nudibaccatum Y. Q. Tseng

裸果胡椒

10

P. ornatum N. E. Br.

观赏胡椒

10

P. pedicellatum C. DC.

角果胡椒

10

P. polysyphonum C. DC.

樟叶胡椒

10

P. puberulilimbum C. DC.

毛叶胡椒

10

P. pubicatulum C. DC.

岩参

10

P. sarmentosum Roxb.

假蒟

10

469

470

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Piperaceae 胡椒科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. semiimmersum C. DC.

缘毛胡椒

10

P. stipitiforme Chang ex Tseng

短柄胡椒

10

P. sylvaticum Roxb.

长柄胡椒

10

P. umbellatum L.

大胡椒

10

P. wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz.

石南藤

10

P. yunnanense Y. Q. Tseng

蒟子

10 10

Zippelia 齐头绒属 Z. begoniaefolia Bl.

齐头绒

10

173. Pittosporaceae 海桐花科 Trees or shrubs, evergreen, glabrous or pubescent, occasionally spiny. Leaves alternate or occasionally opposite, blade mostly leathery, entire, rarely dentate or lobed, estipulate. Flowers often bisexual, sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, usually 5-merous, solitary or umbellate, corymbose, paniculate, bracteate and bracteolate. Sepals often free, or slightly connate. Petals free or connate, white, yellow, blue or red. Stamens opposite to sepals; filaments linear; anthers basifixed or dorsifixed, 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent or poricidal. Ovary superior, gynophore or sessile, 2–3 carpels, sometimes 5 carpels, usually 1-locular or incomplete 2–5-locular. Fruit a capsule, slits Pittosporum glabratum 光叶海桐 along adaxial suture, or a berry. Seeds usually numerous, often with mucinous or oily outside, testa thin. Nine genera and ca. 250 species occur in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, and Pacific Islands, particularly in Australia. One genus and 63 species found in China. A total of 29 species and 3 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 44% (28/63) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-173

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pittosporaceae

Pittosporaceae 海桐花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

10

Hymenosporum 香荫树属 H. flavum F. Muell.

Volume

黄海桐花

10 10

Pittosporum 海桐花属 P. adaphniphylloides Hu et Wang

大叶海桐

10

P. balansae DC.

聚花海桐

10

P. balansae var. angustifolium Gagnep.

窄叶聚花海桐

10

P. brevicalyx (Oliv.) Gagnep.

短萼海桐

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Pittosporaceae 海桐花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

P. crispulum Gagnep.

皱叶海桐

10

P. daphniphylloides Hayata

牛耳枫叶海桐

10

P. elevaticostatum Chang et Yan.

突肋海桐

10

P. glabratum Lindl.

光叶海桐

10

P. glabratum var. neriifolium Rehd. et Wils.

狭叶海桐

10

P. heterophyllum Franch.

异叶海桐

10

P. illicioides Makino

海金子

10

P. kerrii Craib

羊脆木

10

P. kwangsiense Chang et Yan

广西海桐

10

P. leptosepalum Gowda

薄萼海桐

10

P. moluccanum Miq.

兰屿海桐

10

P. napaulense (DC.) Rehder et E. H. Wilson

滇藏海桐

10

P. omeiense Chang et Yan

峨眉海桐

10

P. paniculiferum Chang et Yan

圆锥海桐

10

P. parvilimbum H. T. Chang et S. Z. Yan

小叶海桐

10

P. pauciflorum Hook. et Arn.

少花海桐

10

P. pentandrum Merr.

台琼海桐

10

P. podocarpum Gagnep.

柄果海桐

10

P. podocarpum var. angustatum Gowda

线叶柄果海桐

10

P. pulchrum Gagnep.

秀丽海桐

10

P. rehderianum Gowda

厚圆果海桐

10

P. tobira (Thunb.) Ait.

海桐

10

P. tonkinense Gagnep.

四子海桐

10

P. trigonocarpum Levl.

棱果海桐

10

P. truncatum Pritz.

崖花子

10

P. tubiflorum Chang et Yan

管花海桐

10

P. xylocarpum Hu et Wang

木果海桐

10

174. Plantaginaceae 车前科 Herbs annual, biennial or perennial, rarely small shrubs, terrestrial, marshy, rarely aquatic. Roots tap or fibrous. Stems usually metamorphoses into compact rhizomes; rhizomes erect, rarely oblique, a few with erect aerial stems of obvious internode. Leaves spirally alternate, usually in basal rosette, or alternate, opposite or whorled on aerial stems; simple, entire or dentate, rarely pinnately or palmately lobed, 3–11 veined, a few with only 1 middle vein. Petiole basal often enlarged into sheath like; estipulate. Inflorescence of spikes, narrowly terete, terete to capitate, sometimes reduced to 1-flower, rarely racemes. Peduncles slender, axillary; each flower with 1 bract. Flowers small, bisexual, polygamous or unisexual, monoecious or diecious, wind pollinated, a few insect pollination, or cleistogamy. Calyx 4-lobed, persistent, anterior pair often unequal to posterior pair,

Plantago major 大车前

Volume

471

472

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

sepals free or posterior pair connate. Corolla scarious or membranous, white, light yellow or light brown, salverform or tubular, connate, eaves (3–4) 4-lobed, actinomorphic, imbricate, spreading or erect, mostly reflexed and persistent after anthesis. Stamens 4, rarely 1 or 2, equal or nearly equal, glabrous. Fruit usually a circum dehiscent capsule with membranous pericarp and glabrous. Seeds 1–40, peltate, ovate. Two genera and >210 species occur worldwide. One genus and 22 species found in China. A total of seven species and two subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 28% (7/25) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-174

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Plantaginaceae

Plantaginaceae 车前科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Plantago 车前属 P. asiatica L.

车前

10

P. asiatica ssp. erosa (Wall.) Z. Y. Li

疏花车前

10

P. depressa Willd.

平车前

10

P. fengdouensis (Z. E. Zhao et Y. Wang) Y. Wang et Z. Y. Li

丰都车前

10

P. lanceolata L.

长叶车前

10

P. major L.

大车前

10

P. maritima ssp. ciliata Printz

盐生车前

10

P. minuta Pall.

小车前

10

P. virginica L.

北美车前

10

175. Platanaceae 悬铃木科 Trees deciduous. Branches and leaves with branched stellate tomentum; bark pale, exfoliating in plates, smooth; lateral buds oval, with slightly acute apex, enclosed by a scale at enlarged basal petioles, terminal buds absent. Leaves alternate, large, simple, long petioles, palmately veined, palmately lobed. Occasionally pinnately veined and blade entire, short petioles, margin coarsely dentate; stipules distinct, margin spreading, basal sheathed, caducous. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, grouped into globose-capitate, male and female same morph but on different flower branches. Male flower of capitula, bract absent, while Platanus acerifolia 二球悬铃木 female flower bracteates. Sepals 3–8, triangular, pubescent. Male flowers of petals as many as sepals, but oblanceolate; stamens 3–8, filament short, anther connective enlarged into a peltate scale. Female flower of carpel 3–8, free; ovary long, ovate, 1-locular, ovules 1–2, pendulous. Style elongate, exserted from inflorescence, stigma on inner side. Fruit an achene, composed of many narrow and long obconical nutlets, basal usually with tuft of villous hairs. Each nutlet with one seed. Seed linear. One genus and 8–11 species occur in Central and North America, Southwest Asia, Southeast Europe, one species in Southeast Asia (Laos and North Vietnam); widely cultivated.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

473

Three species found in China. A total of 3 species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 100% (3/3) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-175

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Platanaceae

Platanaceae 悬铃木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Platanus 悬铃木属 P. acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.

二球悬铃木

10

P. occidentalis L.

一球悬铃木

10

P. orientalis L.

三球悬铃木

10

176. Plumbaginaceae 白花丹科 Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs perennial. Stems and leaves covered with chalk glands. Leaves simple, alternate or basal, entire, occasionally pinnately lobed, lower part often tapering into a stalk; petiole basal enlarged or enclosing stem; usually estipulate. Flowers bisexual, uniform, showing, peduncle very short or absent, usually 2–5 flowers grouped into cymes. Petals ± connate. Calyx persistent, often colored. Corolla curled in calyx tube after anthesis. Stamen hypogynous, opposite to corolla lobes; stigma opposite calyx lobes. Ovary superior, 1-locular; ovules 1, basal. Fruit a capsule, enclosed in calyx tube. Seed with thin layer of Plumbago auriculata 蓝花丹 starchy endosperm. About 25 genera and 440 species occur worldwide, main diversity in Central Asia and Mediterranean region. Seven genera and 50 species found in China. A total of 15 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 24% (12/50) species and 57% (4/7) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-176

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Plumbaginaceae

Plumbaginaceae 白花丹科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Armeria 海石竹属 A. juniperifolia (Vahl) Hoffmanns. et Link

杜松叶海石竹

10

A. maritima (Mill.) Wilid.

海石竹

10 10

Ceratostigma 蓝雪花属 C. minus Stapf ex Prain

小蓝雪花

10

C. plumbaginoides Bunge

蓝雪花

10

C. willmottianum Stapf

岷江蓝雪花

10

474

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Plumbaginaceae 白花丹科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Goniolimon 驼舌草属 G. speciosum (L.) Boiss.

驼舌草

10 10

Limonium 补血草属 L. bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze

二色补血草

10

L. coralloides (Tausch) Lincz.

珊瑚补血草

10

L. gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze

大叶补血草

10

L. leptolobum (Regel) Kuntze

精河补血草

10

L. otolepis (Schrenk) Kuntze.

耳叶补血草

10

L. sinuatum Mill.

勿忘我

10 10

Plumbago 白花丹属 P. auriculata Lam.

蓝花丹

10

P. indica L.

紫花丹

10

P. zeylanica L.

白花丹

10

177. Podostemaceae 川苔草科 Herbs perennial, submerged, resembling moss, algae, or lichens. Roots usually flat, branched thalloid or filiform, onto rocks or wood. Stems present or absent, simple or branched. Leaves spirally arranged, alternate or opposite, distichous, simple, sometimes lobed, often sheathed at base or leafless; stipules present or absent. Flowers small, bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, solitary or in pairs, or forming spikes or cymes, terminal or axillary; enclosed in spathes. Perianth segments 2–5, free or basal connate, or degenerated into scales, on both sides of filament base. Stamens 1–4 or many, in 1–2 whorls or on one side of pistil. Filaments free or basal Cladopus chinensis 川苔草 connate, Anthers 2–4-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 2–3 locular, axile placentation. Styles 1–3, ovule many, anatropous. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Seeds numerous, minute, without endosperm. About 40 genera and 200 species occur widespread in tropical regions, a few species in temperate regions. Three genera and four species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. A number of 50% (2/4) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-177

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Podostemaceae

Podostemaceae 川苔草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

C. chinensis (H. C. Chao) H. C. Chao

川苔草

10 10

Hydrobryum 水石衣属 H. griffithii (Wall. ex Griff.) Tul.

Volume 10

Cladopus 飞瀑草属

水石衣

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

475

178. Polemoniaceae 花荵科 Herbs annual, biennial or perennial or shrubs, sometimes climbing with tendrils. Leaves often alternate, or basal or whole opposite, blade entire or lobed or pinnately compound; estipulate. Flowers small or large, usually brightly colored, grouped into dichasia, panicles, sometimes spikes or capitula, rarely solitary and axillary; bisexual, uniform or slightly zygomorphic. Calyx campanulate or tubular, 5-lobed, persistent, imbricate or valvate. Corolla sympetalous, salverform, campanulate to funnelform, lobes curled in bud, and spread out after anthesis. Stamens 5, often at same or different levels on corolla tube. Filaments filiform, basal often enlarged and hairy. Anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent; pollen grains spherical, with reticulated surface. Disk usually significant. Ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal dehiscence, 1-locular, usually pseudoseptum between mericarp. Seeds various forms, usually irregular Phlox subulata 针叶天蓝绣球 prismatic, with acute edges or wings. Nineteen genera and 320–350 species occur in North and South America, a few species native to temperate Asia and Europe. Three genus and six species found in China. A total of four species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. 67% (4/6) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-178

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Polemoniaceae

Polemoniaceae 花荵科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Phlox 天蓝绣球属 P. drummondii Hook.

小天蓝绣球

10

P. paniculata L.

天蓝绣球

10

P. subulata L.

针叶天蓝绣球

10

花荵

10

10

Polemonium 花荵属 P. coeruleum L.

179. Polygalaceae 远志科 Herbs, shrubs or trees, annual or perennial, rarely parasitic small herbs. Leave simple, alternate, opposite or whorled, petiolate or sessile; blade papery or leathery, entire, pinnately veined, rarely reduced to scaly; often stipule absent, if present, spiniform or scalelike appendages. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, white, yellow or purplish red, in racemes, panicles or spikes, axillary or terminal, pedicellate or sessile, bracteate or bracteoles at base. Calyx hypogynous, persistent or caduceus; sepals 5, free or rarely basal connate, outer 3 small, inner 2 (alae) large, usually petaloid, or all 5 almost equal. Petals 5, rarely all developed, usually only 3 developed, basal

476

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

often connate; lower (median) one (“keel”) usually inflexed, carinate, sometimes with fimbriate or lamellate or papilionaceous apical appendages. Stamens 8, 7, 5, or 4. Fruit a capsule, 2-locular, or samara, nut, dehiscent or indehiscent, with 2 seeds, or only 1 seed due to 1-locular abortion. Seeds ovate, globose, or elliptic. About 13–17 genera and 1000 species are widespread worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Five genera and 60 species found in China. A total of 25 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 38% (23/60) species and all four genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-179

Polygala arillata 荷包山桂花

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Polygalaceae

Polygalaceae 远志科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Polygala 远志属 P. arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

荷包山桂花

10

P. arillata var. ovata Gagnep.

卵叶荷包山桂花

10

P. arvensis Willd.

小花远志

10

P. caudata Rehd. et Wils.

尾叶远志

10

P. chinensis L.

华南远志

10

P. fallax Hemsl.

黄花倒水莲

10

P. globulifera Dunn

球冠远志

10

P. isocarpa Chodat

心果小扁豆

10

P. japonica Houtt.

瓜子金

10

P. karensium Kurz

密花远志

10

P. lacei Craib

思茅远志

10

P. latouchei Franch.

大叶金牛

10

P. oligosperma C. Y. Wu

少籽远志

10

P. persicariifolia DC.

蓼叶远志

10

P. sibirica L.

西伯利亚远志

10

P. subopposita S. K. Chen

合叶草

10

P. tenuifolia Willd.

远志

10

P. umbonata Craib

凹籽远志

10

P. wattersii Hance

长毛籽远志

10 10

Salomonia 齿果草属 S. cantoniensis Lour.

齿果草

10

S. ciliata (L.) DC.

椭圆叶齿果草

10

S. elongata (Bl.) Kurz ex Koord.

寄生鳞叶草

S. inappendiculata Hassk.

10 10

Securidaca 蝉翼藤属 蝉翼藤

10 10

Xanthophyllum 黄叶树属 X. flavescens Roxb.

泰国黄叶树

10

X. hainanense Hu

黄叶树

10

X. yunnanense C. Y. Wu

云南黄叶树

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

477

180. Polygonaceae 蓼科 Herbs, shrubs or small trees. Stems erect, prostrate, climbing, or twining, often with swollen nodes, striate, grooved, or prickly, sometimes hollow. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled; margin usually entire, sometimes lobed, petiolate or nearly sessile; stipules usually connated into sheaths (ocrea), membranous, brown or white, apex oblique, truncate or 2-lobed, persistent or caducous. Inflorescence spikes, racemes, capitula or panicles, terminal or axillary. Flowers smaller, bisexual, rarely unisexual, dioecious or monoecious, actinomorphic. Pedicels often articulate. Perianth 3–5-deeply lobed, imbricate or perianth 6-merous in 2 whorls, persistent, sometimes inner Fagopyrum statice 长柄野荞麦 perianth enlarged, with wings, spines or tubercles. Stamens 6–9, rarely less or more. Filaments free or basal connate. Anthers dorsifixed, 2-loculed, longitudinal slits. Disk annular, glandular or absent. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, carpels often 3, rarely 2 or 4, connate. Styles 2–3, rarely 4, free or lower part connate. Fruit an achene, ovate or elliptic, 3-angular or biconvex. About 50 genera and 1120 species occur worldwide, primarily in north temperate with a few species in tropical regions. About 13 genera and 273 species found in China. A total of 100 species and seven varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 35% (96/273) species and 77% (10/13) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-180

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Polygonaceae

Polygonaceae 蓼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Antenoron 金线草属 A. filiforme (Thunb.) Rob. et Vaut.

金线草

10

A. filiforme var. neofiliforme (Nakai) A. J. Li

短毛金线草

10

A. leptopus Hook. et Arn.

珊瑚藤

10

沙木蓼

10

10

Atraphaxis 木蓼属 A. bracteata A. Los. A. compacta Ledeb.

拳木蓼

10

A. decipiens Jaub. et Spach.

美丽木蓼

10

A. laetevirens (Ledeb.) Jaub. et Spach.

绿叶木蓼

10

A. manshurica Kitag.

东北木蓼

10

A. pungens (M. B.) Jaub. et Spach.

锐枝木蓼

10

A. spinosa L.

刺木蓼

10

A. virgata (Regel) Krassn.

长枝木蓼

10 10

Calligonum 沙拐枣属 C. aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke

无叶沙拐枣

10

C. arborescens Litv.

乔木状沙拐枣

10

C. calliphysa Bunge

泡果沙拐枣

10

478

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Polygonaceae 蓼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. caput-medusae Schrenk

头状沙拐枣

10

C. chinense A. Los.

甘肃沙拐枣

10

C. densum Borszcz.

密刺沙拐枣

10

C. ebi-nurcum Ivanova ex Soskov

艾比湖沙拐枣

10

C. klementzii A. Los.

奇台沙拐枣

10

C. kuerlense Z. M. Mao

库尔勒沙拐枣

10

C. leucocladum (Schrenk) Bge.

白皮沙拐枣

10

C. mongolicum Turcz.

沙拐枣

10

C. pumilum A. Los.

小沙拐枣

10

C. roborovskii A. Los.

塔里木沙拐枣

10

C. rubicundum Bge.

红果沙拐枣

10

C. trifarium Z. M. Mao

三列沙拐枣

10

C. yingisaricum Z. M. Mao

英吉沙沙拐枣

10

C. zaidamense A. Los.

柴达木沙拐枣

10 10

Coccoloba 海葡萄属 C. uvifera (L.) L.

海葡萄

10 10

Fagopyrum 荞麦属 F. dibotrys (D. Don) Hara

金荞麦

10

F. esculentum Moench

荞麦

10

F. statice (Lévl.) H. Gross

长柄野荞麦

10

F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn.

苦荞麦

10 10

Fallopia 何首乌属 F. multiflora (Thunb.) Harald.

何首乌

10

Homalocladium 竹节蓼属 H. platycladum (F. Muell.) Bailey

竹节蓼

10 10

Muehlenbeckia 千叶兰属 M. complexa Meisn.

10

千叶兰

10 10

Oxyria 山蓼属 O. digyna (L.) Hill

山蓼

10

O. sinensis Hemsl.

中华山蓼

10 10

Polygonum 蓼属 P. amphibium L.

两栖蓼

10

P. amplexicaule D. Don

抱茎蓼

10

P. aviculare L.

萹蓄

10

P. barbatum L.

毛蓼

10

P. bistorta L.

拳参

10

P. chinense L.

火炭母

10

P. chinense var. hispidum Hook.f.

硬毛火炭母

10

P. chinense var. ovalifolium Meisn.

宽叶火炭母

10

P. criopolitanum Hance

蓼子草

10

P. dissitiflorum Hemsl.

稀花蓼

10

P. glabrum Willd.

光蓼

10

P. hastatosagittatum Mak.

长箭叶蓼

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Polygonaceae 蓼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. hydropiper L.

辣蓼

10

P. japonicum Meisn.

蚕茧蓼

10

P. jucundum Meisn.

愉悦蓼

10

P. kawagoeanum Makino

柔茎蓼

10

P. lapathifolium L.

酸模叶蓼

10

P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium Sibth.

绵毛酸模叶蓼

10

P. limicola Sam.

污泥蓼

10

P. longisetum de Br.

长鬃蓼

10

P. longisetum var. rotundatum A. J. Li

圆基长鬃蓼

10

P. maackianum Regel

长戟叶蓼

10

P. macrophyllum D. Don

圆穗蓼

10

P. molle var. rude (Meisn.) A. J. Li

倒毛蓼

10

P. muricatum Meisn.

小蓼花

10

P. nepalense Meisn.

尼泊尔蓼

10

P. orientale L.

红蓼

10

P. paleaceum Wall. ex Hook. f.

草血竭

10

P. palmatum Dunn

掌叶蓼

10

P. patulum Bieb.

展枝蓼

10

P. perfoliatum L.

杠板归

10

P. persicaria L.

春蓼

10

P. plebeium R. Br.

习见蓼

10

P. polystachyum Wall. ex Meisn.

多穗蓼

10

P. posumbu Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

丛枝蓼

10

P. pubescens Blume

伏毛蓼

10

P. runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

羽叶蓼

10

P. runcinatum var. sinense Hemsl.

赤胫散

10

P. senticosum Franch. et Sav.

刺蓼

10

P. sieboldii Meism.

箭叶蓼

10

P. strigosum R. Br.

糙毛蓼

10

P. suffultum Maxim.

支柱草

10

P. taquetii Levl.

细叶蓼

10

P. thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc.

戟叶蓼

10

P. tinctorium Ait.

蓼蓝

10

P. trigonocarpum (Makino) Kudo et Masam.

楔叶蓼

10

P. viscoferum Mak.

粘蓼

10

P. viscosum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

香蓼

10

P. viviparum L.

珠芽蓼

10 10

Reynoutria 虎杖属 R. japonica Houtt.

虎杖

10 10

Rheum 大黄属 R. alexandrae Batal.

苞叶大黄

10

R. delavayi Franch.

滇边大黄

10

R. officinale Baill.

药用大黄

10

479

480

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Polygonaceae 蓼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. palmatum L.

掌叶大黄

10

R. rhabarbarum L.

波叶大黄

10

R. tataricum L.

圆叶大黄

10 10

Rumex 酸模属 R. acetosa L.

酸模

10

R. acetosella L.

小酸模

10

R. aquaticus L.

水生酸模

10

R. crispus L.

皱叶酸模

10

R. dentatus L.

齿果酸模

10

R. hastatus D. Don

戟叶酸模

10

R. japonicus Houtt.

羊蹄

10

R. maritimus L.

刺酸模

10

R. nepalensis Spreng.

尼泊尔酸模

10

R. obtusifolius L.

钝叶酸模

10

R. patientia L.

巴天酸模

10

R. trisetifer Stokes

长刺酸模

10 10

Triplaris 蓼树属 T. americana L.

树蓼

10

181. Pontederiaceae 雨久花科 Herbs perennial or annual, aquatic or marshy, erect or floating; with rhizomes or stolons, usually branched, abundant spongy and aerate tissues. Leaves often distichous, mostly sheathed and petiolate; blade broadly linear to lanceolate, ovate or even broadly cordate, parallel veins; floating, submerged or emersed. A few with ear like membrane on apex of leaf sheath, or having petioles with full of ventilating tissue, enlarged like gourd, such as E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Stomata horizontally. Inflorescence terminal racemose, spicate or cymose panicle, subtended by a spathe-like or tubular leaf sheath. Flowers large to small, insect or self pollinated, bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Eichhornia crassipes 凤眼蓝 Perianth segments 6, in 2 whorls, blue, lavender, white, rarely yellow, free or basal connate into tube, caducous or persistent after anthesis. Stamens mostly 6, in 2 whorls, rarely 3 or 1, one stamen in adaxial side of inner whorl, and with two staminodes. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal, or nutlet. Seeds ovoid. Six genera and ca. 40 species occur widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. Two genera and five species found in China. A total of nine species of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

481

A number of 80% (4/5) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-181

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pontederiaceae

Pontederiaceae 雨久花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Eichhornia 凤眼蓝属 E. azurea Kunth

长艾克草

10

E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms

凤眼蓝

10

E. diversifolia Urb.

南美艾克草

10 10

Heteranthera 沼车前属 H. zosterifolia Mart.

小竹叶

10 10

Monochoria 雨久花属 M. hastata (L.) Solms

箭叶雨久花

10

M. korsakowii Regel et Maack

雨久花

10

M. vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl ex Kunth

鸭舌草

10 10

Pontederia 梭鱼草属 P. cordata L.

梭鱼草

10

P. lanceolata Nutt.

剑叶梭鱼草

10

182. Portulacaceae 马齿苋科 Herbs annual or perennial, rarely subshrubs. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, entire, often succulent; stipules dry membranous or bristly, rarely absent. Flowers bisexual, regular or irregular, axillary or terminal, solitary or fascicled, or in cymes, racemes or panicles. Sepals 2, rarely 5, papery or dry membranous, free or connate at base. Petals 4–5, rarely more, imbricate, free or slightly connate at base, often with showing colors, caducous or persistent. Stamens as many as petals or more, opposite, free. Anther 2-locular, introrse and longitudinal dehiscent. Pistil 3–5 carpellate. Ovary superior or semi-inferior, 1-locule, placentation basal or free-central, ovule 1 to many, campylotropous. Style linear, stigma 2–5-lobed, introrse. Fruit a capsule, Portulaca oleracea 马齿苋 nearly membranous, circumscissile or 2–3-valved, rarely nut. Seeds reniform or globose, many. About 19 genera and 500 species occur mainly in more arid regions of southern hemisphere, especially Africa, South America, and Australia, fewer species in Asia, Europe, and North America. Two genera and six species found in China. A total of 12 species of the family are cultivated at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 50% (3/6) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

482

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-182

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Portulacaceae

Portulacaceae 马齿苋科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Anacampseros 回欢草属 A. arachnoides (Haw.) Sims

蛛毛回欢草

10

A. namaquensis H. Pearson et Stephens

白罗汉

10

A. rufescens (Haw) Sweet

红叶回欢草

10

A. telephiastrum DC.

回欢草

10

大岩马齿

10

10

Calandrinia 红娘花属 C. grandiflora Lindl.

10

Portulaca 马齿苋属 P. grandiflora Hook.

大花马齿苋

10

P. molokiniensis Hobdy

圆贝马齿苋

10

P. oleracea L.

马齿苋

10

P. pilosa L.

毛马齿苋

10 10

Portulacaria 树马齿苋属 P. afra Jacq.

树马齿苋

10

P. afra f. variegata H. Jacobsen

雅乐之舞

10

T. fruticosum (L.) Juss.

棱轴土人参

10

T. paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.

土人参

10

10

Talinum 土人参属

183. Potamogetonaceae 眼子菜科 Herbs annual or perennial, in marshy, freshwater to brackish water or marine. Rhizome stolon present, rarely absent, fibrous roots and erect stem from nodes. Leaves submerged, floating or emersed, or dimorphic: submerged and floating; alternate or basal, rarely opposite or whorled; leaf blades different; petiolate or sheathed, or absent; stipules present or absent, membranous or papery, sheathing stems, spreading, rarely enclosed. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, mostly in simple spikes or cymes, rarely in compound cymes or compound spikes, rarely in solitary terminal inflorescences. When flowering, inflorescences rise out of water, floating, submerged after flowering. Wind-, water-pollination, or cleistogamous. Flowers small or Potamogeton wrightii 竹叶眼子菜 simple, actinomorphic; zygomorphic, 3-, 2- or 4-merous, bisexual or unisexual. Perianth present or absent. Stamens 1–6; often filaments absent; anthers oblong, reniform or subglobose, extrorse, 1–2-loculed, longitudinal dehiscent. Fruit mostly a small stone or nut, often oval. Three genera and ca. 85 species occur cosmopolitan. Eight genera and 45 species found in China. A total of 23 of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 38% (17/45) species and 38% (3/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-183

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Potamogetonaceae

Potamogetonaceae 眼子菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Potamogeton 眼子菜属 P. acutiflius Link.

单果眼子菜

10

P. crispus L.

菹草

10

P. cristatus Rel. et Maach.

鸡冠眼子菜

10

P. distinctus A. Benn.

眼子菜

10

P. gayi A. Bennett

马达加斯加虾柳

10

P. gramineus L.

禾叶眼子菜

10

P. heterophyllus Schreb.

异叶眼子菜

10

P. intortifolius J. D. He et al.

扭叶眼子菜

10

P. lucens L.

光叶眼子菜

10

P. maackianus A. Benn.

微齿眼子菜

10

P. natans L.

浮叶眼子菜

10

P. octandrus Poir.

南方眼子菜

10

P. oxyphyllus Miq.

尖叶眼子菜

10

P. perfoliatus L.

穿叶眼子菜

10

P. polygonifolius Pourr.

蓼叶眼子菜

10

P. praelongus Wulf.

白茎眼子菜

10

P. pusillus L.

小眼子菜

10

P. wrightii Morong

竹叶眼子菜

10 10

Ruppia 川蔓藻属 R. maritima L.

川蔓藻

10 10

Stuckenia 蓖齿眼子菜属 S. filiformis (Pers.) Börner

丝叶眼子菜

10

S. pamirica (Baagøe) Z. Kaplan

长鞘菹草

10

S. pectinata (L.) Börner

蓖齿眼子菜(红梗眼子菜)

10 10

Triglochin 水麦冬属 T. palustre L.

水麦冬

184. Primulaceae 报春花科 Herbs perennial or annual, rarely subshrubs. Stems erect or prostrate, with alternate, opposite or whorled leaves, or without aboveground stems and all leaves basal to form dense rosettes. Flowers solitary or grouped into racemes, umbels or spikes, bisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx often 5-lobed, rarely 4- or 6–9-lobed, persistent. Corolla lower part connate into short or long tube, upper part usually 5-lobed, rarely 4- or 6–9-lobed, rarely corolla absent. Stamens ± adnate to corolla, opposite to corolla lobes, rarely with 1 whorl of scalelike staminodes. Filaments free or basally connate into tubular. Ovary superior, rarely hypogynous, 1-locular. Style simple. Ovules usually many, on free-central placentation. Fruit

Primula minor 雪山小报春

10

483

484

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

a capsule, usually 5-lobed or dehiscing by valves, rarely circumscissile. Seeds small, angular, often peltate. Twenty-two genera and ca. 1000 species occur mainly in temperate and mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere. Thirteen genera and 592 species are widely distributed throughout China, but mostly represented in the south and west regions. A total of 96 species, two subspecies and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 14% (85/592) species and 38% (5/13) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-184

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Primulaceae

Primulaceae 报春花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Androsace 点地梅属 A. axillaris (Franch.) Franch.

腋花点地梅

10

A. bulleyana Forrest

景天点地梅

10

A. kouytchensis Bonati

贵州点地梅

10

A. limprichtii Pax et K. Hoffm.

康定点地梅

10

A. paxiana R. Knuth

峨眉点地梅

10

A. rigida Hand.-Mazz.

硬枝点地梅

10

A. umbellata (Lour.) Merr.

点地梅

10 10

Cyclamen 仙客来属 C. persicum Mill.

仙客来

10 10

Lysimachia 珍珠菜属 L. alfredii Hance

广西过路黄

10

L. barystachys Bunge

狼尾花

10

L. candida Lindl.

泽星宿菜

10

L. capillipes Hemsl.

细梗香草

10

L. christinae Hance

过路黄

10

L. circaeoides Hemsl.

露珠珍珠菜

10

L. clethroides Duby

珍珠菜

10

L. congestiflora Hemsl.

聚花过路黄

10

L. decurrens G. Forst.

延叶珍珠菜

10

L. engleri R. Knuth

思茅对叶草

10

L. filipes C. Z. Gao et D. Fang

纤柄香草

10

L. fistulosa Hand.-Mazz.

管茎过路黄

10

L. foenum-graecum Hance

灵香草

10

L. fordiana Oliv.

大叶过路黄

10

L. fortunei Maxim.

大田基黄

10

L. grammica Hance

金爪儿

10

L. hemsleyana Maxim. ex Oliv.

点腺过路黄

10

L. insignis Hemsl.

三叶香草

10

L. lancifolia W. G. Craib

长叶香草

10

L. lobelioides Wall.

长蕊珍珠菜

10

L. melampyroides R. Knuth

山萝过路黄

10

L. omeiensis Hemsl.

峨眉过路黄

10

L. otophora C. Y. Wu

耳柄过路黄

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Primulaceae 报春花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. paridifoimis Franch.

落地梅

10

L. paridifoimis var. stenophylla Franch.

狭叶落地梅

10

L. parvifolia Franch.

小叶珍珠菜

10

L. patungensis Hand.-Mazz.

巴东过路黄

10

L. phyllocephala Hand.-Mazz.

叶头过路黄

10

L. pittosporoides C. Y. Wu

海桐状排草

10

L. rubinervis F. H. Chen et C. M. Hu

紫脉过路黄

10

L. saxicola Chun et F. H. Chun in F. H. Chen et C. M. Hu

岩居香草

10

L. stenosepala Hemsl.

腺药珍珠菜

10

L. tengyuehensis Hand.-Mazz.

腾冲落地梅

10

L. vittiformis F. H. Chen et C. M. Hu

条叶香草

10

L. vulgaris L.

毛黄连花

10 10

Omphalogramma 独花报春属 O. elegans Forrest

丽花独花报春

10

O. mimus Hand.-Mazz.

小独花报春

10

O. souliei Franch.

长柱独花报春

10 10

Primula 报春花属 P. acaulis L.

欧报春

10

P. aurantiaca W. W. Smith et Forrest

橙红灯台报春

10

P. beesiana Forr.

霞红灯台报春

10

P. bulleyana Forr.

桔红灯台报春

10

P. chapaensis Gagnep.

马关报春

10

P. chrysochlora Balf. f. et Kingdon-Ward

腾冲灯台报春

10

P. chungensis Balf. f. et Kingdon-Ward

中甸灯台报春

10

P. cicularifolia Pax

毛茛叶报春花

10

P. deflexa Duthie

穗花报春

10

P. denticulata ssp. sinodenticulata (Balf. f. et Forr.) W. W. Smith et Forr.

滇北球花报春

10

P. divaricata F. H. Chen et C. M. Hu

叉梗报春

10

P. dryadifolia Franch.

石岩报春

10

P. faberi Oliv.

峨眉报春

10

P. forbesii Franch.

小报春

10

P. forrestii Balf. f.

灰岩皱叶报春

10

P. heucherifolia Franch.

宝兴掌叶报春

10

P. hylobia W. W. Sm.

亮叶报春

10

P. interjacens F. H. Chen

景东报春

10

P. laciniata Pax et K. Hoffm.

条裂叶报春

10

P. malacoides Franch.

报春花

10

P. mallophylla Balf. f.

川东灯台报春

10

P. malvacea Franch.

葵叶报春

10

P. maximowiczii Regel

胭脂花

10

P. minor Balf. f. et Kingdon-Ward

雪山小报春

10

P. monticola Chen et C. M. Hu

中甸海水仙

10

P. obconica Hance

鄂报春

10

P. oreodoxa Franch.

迎阳报春

10

P. ovalifolia Franch

卵叶报春

10

P. ovalifolia ssp. tardiflora C. M. Hu

晚花卵叶报春

10

P. poissonii Franch.

海仙报春

10

P. polyneura Franch.

多脉报春

10

P. praeflorens F. H. Chen et C. M. Hu

早花脆蒴报春

10

485

486

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Primulaceae 报春花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. pseudodenticulata Pax

滇海水仙花

10

P. pulchella Franch.

丽花报春

10

P. rosea Royle

红樱草

10

P. rubifolia C. M. Hu

莓叶报春

10

P. rugosa Balakr.

倒卵叶报春

10

P. saxatilis Kom.

岩生报春

10

P. secundiflora Franch.

偏花报春

10

P. serratifolia Franch.

齿叶灯台报春

10

P. sikkimensis Hook.

锡金报春

10

P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl.

藏报春

10

P. sinoexscapa C. M. Hu

无葶脆蒴报春

10

P. sinolisteri Balf. f.

铁梗报春

10

P. sinolisteri var. longicalyx D. W. Xue et C. Q. Zhang

长萼铁梗报春

10

P. sinomollis Balf. f. et Forrest

华柔毛报春

10

P. sinopurpurea Balf. f.

紫花雪山报春

10

P. sinuata Franch.

波缘报春

10

P. sonchifolia Franch.

苣叶报春

10

P. taliensis Forrest

大理报春

10

P. veris L.

黄花九轮草

10

P. vulgaris Huds.

欧洲报春

10

P. wangii F. H. Chen et C. M. Hu

广南报春

10

P. wilsonii Dunn

香海仙报春

10

185. Proteaceae 山龙眼科 Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs perennial. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, entire or variously lobed; estipulate. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, in racemose, spicate or paniculate, axillary or terminal, sometimes on stems. Bracts small, often caducous, sometimes large, sometimes accrescent and woody after flowering, with bracteoles 1–2, tiny or absent. Perianth segments 4, slender tubular in bud, spherical, ovoid or elliptical at apex; seperate or dehiscence at one side of perianth tube or indehiscence of lower half at anthesis. Stamens 4, inserted in perianth. Filaments short; anthers 2-locular, longitudinal dehiscent, and often connective often prolonged; glands or glandular scales 4, usually alternate with perianths, or connate into various discs, rarely absent. Carpel 1, ovary superior. Fruit a follicles, nuts, drupes, or capsules. Seeds 1–2 or many, sometimes winged. About 80 genera and ca. 1700 species occur mostly in tropics and subtropics, especially in South Africa and

Grevillea banksii 红花银桦

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

487

Australia. Four genera and 27 species found in China. A total of 30 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 56% (15/27) species and all four genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-185

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Proteaceae

Proteaceae 山龙眼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Banksia 佛塔树属 B. grandis Willd.

大花斑克木

10

B. integrifolia L. f.

全叶斑克木

10 10

Buckinghamia 曲牙花属 B. celsissima F. Muell.

昆士兰山龙眼

10

Darlingia 榄仁栎属 D. darlingiana (F. Muell.) L. A. S. Johnson

10

布朗银桦

10 10

Grevillea 银桦属 G. baileyana McGill.

阔叶银桦

10

G. banksii R. Br.

红花银桦

10

G. baueri R. Br.

匍枝银桦

10

G. robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br.

银桦

10 10

Helicia 山龙眼属 H. cochinchinensis Lour.

小果山龙眼

10

H. dongxingensis H. S. Kiu

东兴山龙眼

10

H. formosana Hemsl.

山龙眼

10

H. hainanensis Hayata

海南山龙眼

10

H. kwangtungensis W. T. Wang

广东山龙眼

10

H. nilagirica Bedd.

深绿山龙眼

10

H. pyrrhobotrya Kurz

焰序山龙眼

10

H. reticulata W. T. Wang

网脉山龙眼

10

H. silvicola W. W. Smith

林地山龙眼

10

H. tsaii W. T. Wang

潞西山龙眼

10

H. vestita W. W. Smith

浓毛山龙眼

10 10

Heliciopsis 假山龙眼属 H. henryi (Diels) W. T. Wang

假山龙眼

10

H. lobata (Merr.) Sleum.

调羹树

10

H. terminalis (Kurz) Sleumer

痄腮树

10 10

Lomatia 扭瓣花属 L. fraxinifolia F. Muell. ex Benth.

罗麻提银桦

10 10

Macadamia 澳洲坚果属 M. integrifolia Maiden et Betche

澳洲坚果

10

M. ternifolia F. Muell.

粗壳澳洲坚果

10 10

Opisthiolepis 鳞背木属 O. heterophylla L. S. Smith

红光银桦

10

Protea P. cynaroides (L.) L.

10

帝王花

10

488

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Proteaceae 山龙眼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Stenocarpus 火轮树属 S. salignus R. Br.

柳叶火焰树

10

S. sinuatus (A. Cunn.) Endl.

火轮木

10 10

Telopea 蒂罗花属 T. speciosissima (Smith) R. Br.

蒂罗花

10

186. Punicaceae 石榴科 Trees or shrubs, deciduous; winter buds small, with 2 pairs of scales. Leaves simple, often opposite or tufted, sometimes spirally arranged, estipulate. Flowers terminal or near terminal, solitary or several flowers fascicled or in cymes, bisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx leathery, calyx tube adnate to ovary, higher than ovary, nearly campanulate, lobes 5–9, valvate, persistent. Petals 5–9, wrinkled, imbricate. Stamens on upper part of inner wall of calyx tube, many. Filaments free, folded in buds. Anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, longitudinal slits. Ovary hypogyny or hemi-hypogyny, carpels many, 1 or 2–3 whorls, initially arranged in concentric rings, then gradually superposed, lowest whorl with axile placenta, higher 1–2 whorls with parietal placentae; ovules many. Fruit a berry globular, with persistent Punica granatum 石榴 calyx lobes at apex, pericarp thick. Seeds numerous, outer layer of testa fleshy, inner layer bony. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-186

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Punicaceae

Punicaceae 石榴科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

P. granatum L.

Volume 10

Punica 石榴属 石榴

10

187. Pyrolaceae 鹿蹄草科 Herbaceous small subshrubs evergreen, with slender rhizomes or perennial saprophytic succulent herbs, without chlorophyll, colorless of whole plant. Leaves simple, basal, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, sometimes reduced to scalelike, margin serrulate or entire; stipules absent. Flowers solitary or grouped into racemes, corymbs or umbels, bisexual, regular; calyx 5 (2–4 or 6) completely slits or without sepals. Petals 5, rarely 3–4 or 6. Stamens 10, rarely 6–8 and 12. Anthers apically poricidal, longitudinal or transverse dehiscent or

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

circumscissile. Pollens tetramer or simple. Ovary superior, basal disc or absent. Carpels 5 (4) connate, ovule numerous, placentation of central or parietal. Style simple, stigma ± lobed or circumscissile. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds small, numerous. Seven genera and 40 species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A number of 7.5% (3/40) species and 14.3% (1/7) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-187

489

Pyrola calliantha 鹿蹄草

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pyrolaceae

Pyrolaceae 鹿蹄草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Pyrola 鹿蹄草属 P. calliantha H. Andr.

鹿蹄草

10

P. decorata H. Andr.

普通鹿蹄草

10

P. rugosa H. Andr.

皱叶鹿蹄草

10

188. Rafflesiaceae 大花草科 Herbs, fleshy, parasitic on the roots, stems or branches of various plants, without chlorophyll. Vegetative organs degenerate into mycelium-like and invade into host tissues. Leaves reduced to scales or absent. Flowers often solitary, rarely in spikes, actinomorphic, unisexual, monoecious or dioecious, rarely bisexual. Perianth connate, lobes 4–10 or none, rarely free. Male flowers: stamens 5 to numerous in 1–3 series annulated on gynostemium; or tubular on bisexual flowers; free filaments absent; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscent longitudinally or by apical pores, sometimes connate. Female flowers: pistil of carpels 8-6-4 connate. Ovary inferior,semi-inferior, superior, 1-locular with many parietal placentas; ovules numerous, anatropous, integuments 1 or 2. Style 1 or Sapria himalayana 寄生花 none; stigma discoid, capitate or dehiscent. Fruit a berry. Seed small, testa hard and endosperm present. Eight genera and 27 species occur mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Two genera and three species found in China. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. A number of 33% (1/3) species and 50% (1/2) genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

490

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-188

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Rafflesiaceae

Rafflesiaceae 大花草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Sapria 寄生花属 S. himalayana Griff.

寄生花

10

189. Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 Herbs perennial or annual, a few shrubs or woody vines. Leaves often basal or cauline alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound, usually palmately lobed, estipulate; palmately veined, occasionally pinnate, reticulate, sometimes dichotomous spreading. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, monoecious or dioecious, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, solitary or in various cymes or racemes. Sepals hypogynous, 4–5, or more, green or petals absent or specialized into petaloid or sepaloid, often larger, and colored. Petals present or absent, hypogynous, 4–5, or more, often with nectaries and often specialized into secretory organs, much smaller than sepals, cupular, tubular, and bilabiate. Stamens hypogynous, many, sometimes fewer, spirally Anemone hupehensis 打破碗花花 arranged, anthers 2-locular, longitudinally dehiscent. Staminodes sometimes exist. Fruit a follicle or achene, a few capsule or berry. About 60 genera and 2500 species occur worldwide, but are highly represented in north temperate regions, particularly in East Asia. Forty-two genera and 1254 species found in China. A total of 164 species, one subspecies, 13 varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 13% (160/1254) species and 67% (28/42) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-189

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ranunculaceae

Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Aconitum 乌头属 A. barbatum var. puberulum Ledeb.

牛扁

10

A. carmichaelii Debeaux

乌头

10

A. fengii W. T. Wang

石膏山乌头

10

A. finetianum Hand.-Mazz.

赣皖乌头

10

A. fischeri Rchb.

薄叶乌头

10

A. forrestii Stapf

丽江乌头

10

A. hemsleyanum E. Pritz.

瓜叶乌头

10

A. kusnezoffii Rchb.

北乌头

10

A. nagarum Stapf

保山乌头

10

A. ouvrardianum Hand.-Mazz.

德钦乌头

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. piepunense Hand.-Mazz.

中甸乌头

10

A. racemulosum Franch.

岩乌头

10

A. ramulosum W. T. Wang

多枝乌头

10

A. rhombifolium F. H. Chen

菱叶乌头

10

A. scaposum Franch.

花葶乌头

10

A. sinomontanum Nakai

高乌头

10

A. smithii Ulbr. ex Hand.-Mazz.

山西乌头

10

A. sungpanense Hand.-Mazz.

松潘乌头

10

A. taipeicum Hand.-Mazz.

太白乌头

10

A. tatsienense Finet et Gagnep.

康定乌头

10

A. vilmorinianum Kom.

黄草乌

10 10

Actaea 类叶升麻属 A. xasiatica Hara

类叶升麻

A. aestivalis L.

夏侧金盏花

10 10

Anemoclema 罂粟莲花属 A. glaucifolium (Franch.) W. T. Wang

10 10

Adonis 侧金盏花属

罂粟莲花

10 10

Anemone 银莲花属 A. begoniifolia H. Lév. et Vaniot

卵叶银莲花

10

A. cathayensis Kitag.

银莲花

10

A. davidii Franch.

西南银莲花

10

A. demissa Hook. f. et Thomson

展毛银莲花

10

A. dichotoma L.

二歧银莲花

10

A. filisecta C. Y. Wu et W. T. Wang

细裂银莲花

10

A. flaccida F.Schmidt

鹅掌草

10

A. hupehensis (É. Lemoine) É. Lemoine

打破碗花花

10

A. rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

草玉梅

10

A. tomentosa (Maxim.) C. Pei

大火草

10

A. vitifolia Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

野棉花

10 10

Aquilegia 耧斗菜属 A. canadensis L.

加拿大耧斗菜

10

A. glandulosa Fisch. ex Link

大花耧斗菜

10

A. parviflora Ledeb.

小花耧斗菜

10

A. viridiflora Pall.

耧斗菜

10

A. viridiflora f. atropurpurea (Willd.) Trevir.

紫花耧斗菜

10

A. vulgaris L.

欧洲耧斗菜

10

A. yabeana Kitag.

华北耧斗菜

10 10

Asteropyrum 星果草属 A. cavaleriei (Lévl. et Vant.) Drumm. ex Hutch.

裂叶星果草

10 10

Batrachium 水毛茛属 B. bungei (Steud.) L. Liou

水毛茛

10

B. eradicatum (Laest.) Fries

小水毛茛

10

Beesia 铁破锣属

10

491

492

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. calthifolia (Maxim.) Ulbr.

铁破锣

10 10

Caltha 驴蹄草属 C. palustris L.

驴蹄草

10 10

Cimicifuga 升麻属 C. brachycarpa P. K. Hsiao

短果升麻

10

C. dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim.

兴安升麻

10

C. foetida L.

升麻

10

C. foetida var. velutina Franch. ex Gagnep.

毛叶升麻

10

C. japonica Spreng.

小升麻

10

C. nanchuanensis Hsiao

南川升麻

10

C. racemosa (L.) Nutt.

总状升麻

10

C. simplex Wormsk.

单穗升麻

10 10

Clematis 铁线莲属 C. aethusaefolia Turcz.

芹叶铁线莲

10

C. akebioides (Maxim.) Hort. ex Veitch

甘川铁线莲

10

C. apiifolia DC.

钝齿铁线莲

10

C. apiifolia var. argentilucida (H. Lév. et Vaniot) W. T. Wang

钝齿铁线莲

10

C. armandii Franch.

小木通

10

C. armandii var. hefengensis (G. F. Tao) W. T. Wang

鹤峰铁线莲

10

C. brevicaudata DC.

短尾铁线莲

10

C. cadmia Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f. et Thomson

短柱铁线莲

10

C. chinensis Osbeck

威灵仙

10

C. chinensis var. vestita (Rehder et Wils.) W. T. Wang

毛叶威灵仙

10

C. connata DC.

合柄铁线莲

10

C. connata var. trullifera (Franch.) W. T. Wang

杯柄铁线莲

10

C. crassifolia Benth.

厚叶铁线莲

10

C. filamentosa Dunn

甘木通

10

C. finetiana Levl. et Van.

山木通

10

C. florida Thunb.

铁线莲

10

C. fruticosa Turcz

灌木铁线莲

10

C. fruticosa var. canescens Turcz.

毛灌木铁线莲

10

C. fulvicoma Rehder et E. H. Wilson

滇南铁线莲

10

C. glauca Willd.

粉绿铁线莲

10

C. gouriana Roxb. ex DC.

小蓑衣藤

10

C. henryi Oliv.

单叶铁线蕨

10

C. heracleifolia DC.

大叶铁线莲

10

C. hexapetala Pall.

棉团铁线莲

10

C. huchouensis Tamura

吴兴铁线莲

10

C. intricata Bunge

黄花铁线莲

10

C. lasiandra Maxim.

毛蕊铁线莲

10

C. loureiroana DC.

菝葜叶铁线莲

10

C. menglaensis M. C. Chang

勐腊铁线莲

10

C. meyeniana Walp.

毛柱铁线莲

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC.

绣球藤

10

C. orientalis L.

东方铁线莲

10

C. parviloba Gardner et Champ.

裂叶铁线莲

10

C. patens C. Morren et Decne.

转子莲

10

C. peterae Hand.-Mazz.

钝萼铁线莲

10

C. pogonandra Maxim.

须蕊铁线莲

10

C. pseudootophora M. Y. Fang

华中铁线莲

10

C. pseudopogonandra Finet

西南铁线莲

10

C. puberula var. tenuisepala (Maxim.) W. T. Wang

毛果扬子铁线莲

10

C. ranunculoides Franch.

毛茛铁线莲

10

C. repens Finet et Gagnep.

曲柄铁线莲

10

C. rubifolia C. H. Wright

莓叶铁线莲

10

C. songarica Siev. ex Steud.

准噶尔铁线莲

10

C. subumbellata Kurz

细木通

10

C. tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh.

甘青铁线莲

10

C. terniflora DC.

圆锥铁线莲

10

C. texensis Buckley

红花铁线莲

10

C. tinghuensis C. T. Ting

鼎湖铁线莲

10

C. uncinata Champ. ex Benth.

柱果铁线莲

10

C. urophylla Franch.

尾叶铁线莲

10 10

Consolida 飞燕草属 C. ajacis (L.) Schur

飞燕草

10

C. rugulosa (Boiss.) Schrödinger

凸脉飞燕草

10 10

Coptis 黄连属 C. chinensis Franch.

黄连

10

C. chinensis var. brevisepala W. T. Wang et P. G. Xiao

短萼黄连

10

C. omeiensis (Chen) C. Y. Cheng

峨眉黄连

10

C. teeta Wall.

云南黄连

10 10

Delphinium 翠雀属 D. anthriscifolium Hance

还亮草

10

D. ceratophorum Franch.

角萼翠雀

10

D. delavayi var. pogonanthum (Handel-Mazzetti) W. T. Wang

须花翠雀

10

D. grandiflorum L.

翠雀

10

D. majus (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang

金沙翠雀

10

D. omeiense W. T. Wang

峨眉翠雀花

10

D. tianshanicum W. T. Wang

天山翠雀花

10

D. trichophorum Franch.

毛翠雀花

10 10

Dichocarpum 人字果属 D. auriculatum (Franch.) W. T. Wang et P. K. Hsiao

耳状人字果

10 10

Halerpestes 碱毛茛属 H. cymbalaria (Pursh) Green

水葫芦苗

10

H. ruthenica (Jacq.) Ovcz.

长叶碱毛茛

10

H. tricuspis (Maxim.) Hand-Mazz.

三裂碱毛茛

10

493

494

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

H. thibetanus Franch.

铁筷子

锡兰莲

10 10

Nigella 黑种草属 N. glandulifera (Fisch. ex DC.) Bunge

10 10

Naravelia 锡兰莲属 N. zeylanica (L.) DC.

Volume 10

Helleborus 铁筷子属

腺毛黑种草

10 10

Oxygraphis 鸦跖草属 O. delavayi Franch.

脱萼鸦跖花

10

O. glacialis (Fisch.) Bunge

鸦跖花

10 10

Paeonia 芍药属 P. delavayi Franch

滇牡丹

10

P. lactiflora Pall.

芍药

10

P. mairei H. Lév.

美丽芍药

10

P. obovata Maxim.

草芍药

10

P. obovata ssp. willmottiae (Stapf) D. Y. Hong et K. Y. Pan

毛叶草芍药

10

P. suffruticosa Andrews

牡丹

10

P. suffruticosa var. papaveracea (Andrews) Kerner

紫斑牡丹

10 10

Pulsatilla 白头翁属 P. chinensis (Bunge) Regel

白头翁

10

P. halleri Willd.

欧白头翁

10 10

Ranunculus 毛茛属 R. cantoniensis DC.

禺毛茛

10

R. chinensis Bunge

茴茴蒜

10

R. dongrergensis Hand.-Mazz.

圆裂毛茛

10

R. ficariifolius Lévl. et Vant.

西南毛茛

10

R. japonicus Thunb.

毛茛

10

R. natans C. A. Mey.

浮毛茛

10

R. radicans C. A. Mey.

沼地毛茛

10

R. sceleratus L.

石龙芮

10

R. sieboldii Miq.

杨子毛茛

10

R. silerifolius Lévl.

钩柱毛茛

10

R. ternatus Thunb.

猫爪草

10 10

Semiaquilegia 天葵属 S. adoxoides (DC.) Makino

天葵

10

Souliea 黄三七属

10

S. vaginata (Maxim.) Franch.

黄三七

10 10

Thalictrum 唐松草属 T. acutifolium (Hand.-Mazz.) B. Boivin

尖叶唐松草

10

T. aquilegifolium var. sibiricum Regel et Tiling

唐松草

10

T. baicalense Turcz. ex Ledeb.

贝加尔唐松草

10

T. brevisericeum W. T. Wang et S. H. Wang

绢毛唐松草

10

T. cirrhosum H. Lév.

星毛唐松草

10

T. delavayi Franch.

偏翅唐松草

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

495

continued Ranunculaceae 毛茛科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. faberi Ulbr.

大叶唐松草

10

T. fargesii Franch. ex Finet et Gagnep.

西南唐松草

10

T. foliolosum DC.

多叶唐松草

10

T. fortunei S. Moore

华东唐松草

10

T. grandidentatum W. T. Wang et S. H. Wang

巨齿唐松草

10

T. ichangense Lecoy. ex Oliv.

盾叶唐松草

10

T. javanicum Bl.

爪哇唐松草

10

T. macrorhynchum Franch.

长喙唐松草

10

T. microgynum Lecoy. ex Oliv.

小果唐松草

10

T. minus L.

亚欧唐松草

10

T. minus var. hypoleucum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq.

东亚唐松草

10

T. myriophyllum Ohwi.

密叶唐松草

10

T. oligandrum Maxim.

稀蕊唐松草

10

T. petaloideum L.

瓣蕊唐松草

10

T. przewalskii Maxim.

长柄唐松草

10

T. ramosum Boivin

多枝唐松草

10

T. rochebruneanum Franch. et Sav.

罗氏唐松草

10

T. simplex L.

箭头唐松草

10

T. simplex var. brevripes Hara

短梗箭头唐松草

10

T. squamiferum Lecoy.

石砾唐松草

10

T. squarrosum Steph.

展枝唐松草

10 10

Trollius 金莲花属 T. chinensis Bunge

金莲花

10

T. yunnanensis (Franch.) Ulbr.

云南金莲花

10

190. Rhamnaceae 鼠李科 Shrubs, climbing shrubs, or trees, rarely herbs, usually spiny or spineless. Leaves alternate or subopposite, entire or dentate, pinnately veined, or basal 3–5-plinerved veins; stipules small, caducous or persistent, or sometimes spiny. Flowers small, regular, bisexual or unisexual, rarely polygamous, dioecious, often grouped in cymes, spikes, panicles, cymose, thyrse, or sometimes solitary or several fascicled, often 4-merous, rarely 5-merous. Calyx campanulate or tubular, yellowish green; sepal valvate, often hard, sometimes beak like protuberance in midrib, alternate with petals. Petals often smaller than sepals, extremely concave, spoon-like or cucullate, often with claws at Berchemia lineata 铁包金 base, or sometimes petal absent, borne on calyx tube under edge of disc. Stamens opposite to petals, enclosed by petals. Filaments adnate to outside or base of anthers, and free from claws of petals. Anthers 2-celled, longitudinal slits, and disc distinct, thin or thick, adnate to calyx

496

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

tube, or inserted in inner surface of calyx tube, cupular or shell or disc like. Ovary superior, semi-inferior to inferior, often 3- or 2-locular, rarely 4-locular, 1 ovule anatropous per locule. Style simple or the upper part 3-lobed. Fruit a drupe, berrylike drupe, capsule-like drupe or capsule. About 50 genera and >900 species spread over almost cosmopolitan, mainly in subtropical to tropical regions. Fourteen genera and 169 species found in China. A total of 76 species and 16 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 50% (85/169) species and 93% (13/14) genera and of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-190

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Rhamnaceae

Rhamnaceae 鼠李科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

10

Alphitonia 麦珠子属 A. philippinensis Braid

Volume

麦珠子

10 10

Berchemia 勾儿茶属 B. edgeworthii Laws.

腋花勾儿茶

10

B. floribunda (Wall.) Brongn.

多花勾儿茶

10

B. hirtella H. T. Tsai et K. M. Feng

大果勾儿茶

10

B. hirtella var. glabrescens C. Y. Wu ex Y. L. Chen

大老鼠耳

10

B. huana Rehd.

大叶勾儿茶

10

B. kulingensis Schneid.

牯岭勾儿茶

10

B. lineata (L.) DC.

铁包金

10

B. polyphylla Wall. ex M. A. Lawsen

多叶勾儿茶

10

B. polyphylla var. leioclada Hand.-Mazz.

光枝勾儿茶

10

B. sinica C. K. Schneid.

勾儿茶

10

B. yunnanensis Franch.

云南勾儿茶

10 10

Berchemiella 小勾儿茶属 B. wilsonii (Schneid.) Nakai

小勾儿茶

10

B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata H. Qian

毛柄小勾儿茶

10 10

Chaydaia 苞叶木属 C. rubrinervis (Lévl) C. Y. Wu et Y. L. Chen

苞叶木

10

Colubrina 蛇藤属 C. asiatica (L.) Brongn.

10

蛇藤

10 10

Gouania 咀签属 G. javanica Miq.

毛咀签

10

G. leptostachya DC.

咀签

10

G. leptostachya var. macrocarpa Pitard

大果咀签

10

G. leptostachya var. tonkinensis Pitard

越南咀签

10 10

Hovenia 枳椇属 H. acerba Lindl.

枳椇

10

H. acerba var. kiukiangensis (Hu et Cheng) C. Y. Wu ex Y. L. Chen

俅江枳椇

10

H. dulcis Thunb.

北枳椇

10

H. trichocarpa Chun et Tsiang

毛果枳椇

10

H. trichocarpa var. robusta (Nakai et Y. Kimura) Y. L. Chon et P. K. Chou

光叶毛果枳椇

10 10

Paliurus 马甲子属 P. hemsleyanus Rehd.

铜钱树

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rhamnaceae 鼠李科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. hirsutus Hemsl.

硬毛马甲子

10

P. ramosissimus (Lour.) Poir.

马甲子

10 10

Rhamnella 猫乳属 R. forrestii W. W. Smith

川滇猫乳

10

R. franguloides (Maxim.) Weberb.

猫乳

10

R. martinii (Lévl.) Schneid.

多脉猫乳

10

R. wilsonii C. K. Schneid.

小叶猫乳

10 10

Rhamnus 鼠李属 R. aurea Heppl.

铁马鞭

10

R. cathartica L.

药鼠李

10

R. crenata Sieb.. et Zucc.

长叶冻绿

10

R. davurica Pall.

鼠李

10

R. dumetorum Schneid.

刺鼠李

10

R. esquirolii Lévl.

贵州鼠李

10

R. flavescens Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou

淡黄鼠李

10

R. frangula L.

欧鼠李

10

R. fulvo-tincta Metcalf

黄鼠李

10

R. gilgiana Heppl.

川滇鼠李

10

R. globosa Bunge

圆叶鼠李

10

R. hemsleyana Schneid.

亮叶鼠李

10

R. henryi Schneid.

毛叶鼠李

10

R. heterophylla Oliv.

异叶鼠李

10

R. iteinophylla C. K. Schneid.

桃叶鼠李

10

R. lamprophylla Schneid.

钩齿鼠李

10

R. leptophylla Schneid.

薄叶鼠李

10

R. maximovicziana J. Vass.

黑桦树

10

R. napalensis (Wall.) Laws.

尼泊尔鼠李

10

R. rosthornii Pritz.

小冻绿树

10

R. rugulosa Hemsl.

皱叶鼠李

10

R. rugulosa var. chekiangensis (Cheng) Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou

浙江鼠李

10

R. sargentiana Schneid.

多脉鼠李

10

R. subapetala Merr.

紫背鼠李

10

R. tzekweiensis Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou

鄂西鼠李

10

R. ussuriensis J. J. Vassil.

乌苏里鼠李

10

R. utilis Decne.

冻绿

10

R. virgata Roxb.

帚枝鼠李

10

R. virgata var. hirsuta (Wight et Arn.) Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou

糙毛帚枝鼠李

10

R. wilsonii Schneid.

山鼠李

10

R. wilsonii var. pilosa Rehd.

毛山鼠李

10 10

Sageretia 雀梅藤属 S. camellifolia Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou

茶叶雀梅藤

10

S. gracilis J. R. Drumm. et Sprague

纤细雀梅藤

10

S. hamosa (Wall.) Brongn.

钩刺雀梅藤

10

497

498

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rhamnaceae 鼠李科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. hamosa var. trichoclada C. Y. Wu ex Y. L. Chen

毛枝雀梅藤

10

S. henryi Drumm. et Sprague

梗花雀梅藤

10

S. lucida Merr.

亮叶雀梅藤

10

S. melliana Hand.-Mazz.

刺藤子

10

S. rugosa Hance

皱叶雀梅藤

10

S. subcaudata Schneid.

尾叶雀梅藤

10

S. thea (Osbeck) Johnst.

雀梅藤

10

S. thea var. cordiformis Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou

心叶雀梅藤

10

S. thea var. tomentosa (Schneid.) Y. L.Chen et P. K. Chou

毛叶雀梅藤

10 10

Scutia 对刺藤属 S. eberhardtii Tard.

对刺藤

10 10

Ventilago 翼核果属 V. calyculata Tul.

毛果翼核果

10

V. calyculata var. trichoclada Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou

毛枝翼核果

10

V. inaequilateralis Merr. et Chun

海南翼核果

10

V. leiocarpa Benth.

翼核果

10

V. oblongifolia Blume

矩叶翼核果

10 10

Ziziphus 枣属 Z. attopensis Pierre

毛果枣

10

Z. fungii Merr.

褐果枣

10

Z. incurva Roxb.

印度枣

10

Z. jujuba Mill.

枣

10

Z. jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehd.

无刺枣

10

Z. jujuba var. spinosa (Bge.) Hu ex H. F. Chow

酸枣

10

Z. mairei Dode

大果枣

10

Z. mauritiana Lam.

滇刺枣

10

Z. montana W. W. Smith.

山枣

10

Z. oenoplia (L.) Mill.

小果枣

10

Z. rugosa Lam.

皱枣

10

191. Rhizophoraceae 红树科 Trees or shrubs, evergreen, with aerial roots and sympodial branching. Stems often with swollen nodes, solid and pith or hollow without pith. Leave simple, opposite, stipulate, rarely alternate and estipulate, pinnately veined, stipules between petioles, caducous. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual or polygamous, solitary or fascicled in leaf axils or arranged in loose or dense cymes. Calyx tube connate with ovary or free, 4–16 lobed, valvate, persistent. Petals as many as calyx lobes, entire, 2-cleft, lacerate, fimbriate or apical appendages, often with pedicel, caducous, rarely

Carallia brachiata 竹节树

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

499

persistent. Stamens twice as many as petals or numerous, usually opposite with petals in pairs or alone, enclosed by petals. Anthers 4-celled, longitudinal dehiscing, rarely multi-celled and valvular dehiscent. Disc annular with obtuse teeth, rarely disc absent. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, rarely superior, 2–6 (–8)-loculed. Fruit leathery or fleshy, indehiscent, rarely capsule dehiscent, 1-locular, rarely 2-locular, with 1–2 seeds. About 17 genera and 120 species occur in the tropics and subtropics. Six genera and 13 species found in China. A total of six species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 31% (4/13) species and 67% (4/6) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-191

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophoraceae 红树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

10

Bruguiera 木榄属 B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam.

Volume

木榄

10 10

Carallia 竹节树属 C. brachiata (Lour.) Merr.

竹节树

10

C. diplopetala Hand.-Mazz.

锯叶竹节树

10 10

Kandelia 秋茄树属 K. candel (L.) Druce

南亚秋茄树

10

K. obovata Sheue. H. Y. Liu et J. W. H. Yong

秋茄树

10 10

Pellacalyx 山红树属 P. yunnanensis Hu

山红树

10

192. Rhoipteleaceae 马尾树科 Trees, aromatic. Young stems densely covered with resinous glands and pubescence. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnately compound; leaflets sessile, alternate, margin serrate; stipules caducous. Inflorescences polygamous, axillary in distal leaves, paniculiform, fascicled from many spikes. Flowers polygamo-monoecious, wind pollinated, actinomorphic, hypogyny. Perianth segments 4, free, whorled. Hermaphroditic flowers stamens 6, filaments slender, erect. Anthers basally connate, apically slightly concave, longitudinally dehiscent, connective very narrow, with little glands on dorsal ventral surface. Pistil 1, covered with dense glands, lateral flattened, 2-loculed, 1 degenerated without ovule. Fruit a nutlet from hermaphrodites, Rhoiptelea chiliantha 马尾树 slightly flat, mesocarp woody, brown, with verrucous protuberance, endocarp white, exocarp thin, papery, 2-winged. One species found in China and Vietnam. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

500

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-192

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Rhoipteleaceae

Rhoipteleaceae 马尾树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Rhoiptelea 马尾树属 R. chiliantha Diels et Hand.-Mazz.

马尾树

10

193. Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Herbs, shrubs or trees, deciduous or evergreen, spiny or spineless. Winter buds often with several scales, sometimes only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound, stipules present or absent. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, often regular, perigynous or epigynous; upper part of flower axis developed into discform, campanulate, copular, urceolate or tubular receptacle, with sepals, petals and stamens on edge receptacle. Sepals as many as petals, usually 4–5, imbricate, rarely petals absent. Sepals sometimes with epicalyx. Stamens 5 to many rarely 1 or 2, filaments free, rarely connate. Carpels 1 to many, free or connate, Armeniaca mume 梅 sometimes connate with receptacle, ovules 1 to many per carpel, orthotropous or pendulous anatropous. Styles as many carpels, sometimes connate, terminal, lateral or basal. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely capsule. About 95–125 genera and 2825–3500 species are widespread cosmopolitan, mostly in the north temperate zone. About 60 genera and 1312 species found in China. A total of 518 species, one subspecies, 86 varieties and 23 forms of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 35% (454/1312) species and 77% (46/60) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-193

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Rosaceae

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Agrimonia 龙芽草属 A. nipponica Skalicky

日本龙芽草

10

A. nipponica var. occidentalis Skalicky

小花龙芽草

10

A. pilosa Ldb.

龙芽草

10

A. pilosa var. nepalensis (D. Don) Nakai

黄龙尾

10

A. procera Wallr.

富贵龙芽草

10 10

Amelanchier 唐棣属 A. alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem.

桤叶唐棣

10

A. canadensis (L.) Medik.

加拿大唐棣

10

A. ovalis Medik.

卵叶唐棣

10

A. spicata (Lam.) K. Koch

穗序唐棣

10

Amygdalus 桃属

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. communis var. dulcis Borkh.

甜味扁桃

10

A. davidiana (Carrière) de Vos ex Henry

山桃

10

A. kansuensis (Rehd.) Skeels

甘肃桃

10

A. mira (Koehne) Ricker

光核桃

10

A. mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker

蒙古扁桃

10

A. persica L.

桃

10

A. persica f. alba (Lindl.) Schneid.

单瓣白桃

10

A. persica f. albo-plena Schneid.

千瓣白桃

10

A. persica f. atropurpurea Schneid.

紫叶桃

10

A. persica f. camelliaeflora (van Houtte) Dipp.

绛桃

10

A. persica f. duplex Rehd.

碧桃

10

A. persica f. pendula Dipp.

垂枝碧桃

10

A. persica f. rubroplena Schneid.

红花碧桃

10

A. persica f. versicolor (Sieb.) Voss

洒金碧桃

10

A. persica var. compressa (Loud.) Yü et Lu

蟠桃

10

A. persica var. densa Makino

寿星桃

10

A. persica var. nectarina Sol.

油桃

10

A. triloba (Lindl.) Richer

榆叶梅

10

A. triloba var. petzoldii (K. Koch) Bailey

鸾枝

10

A. triloba f. multiplex (Bge.) Rehd.

重瓣榆叶梅

10 10

Armeniaca 杏属 A. hongpingensis C. L. Li

洪平杏

10

A. mume Sieb.

梅

10

A. mume f. alba (Carr.) Rehd.

白梅

10

A. mume f. purpurea (Makino) T. Y. Chen

紫黑红梅

10

A. mume f. viridicalyx (Makino) T. Y. Chen

绿萼梅

10

A. mume var. alphandii (Carr.) Rehd.

红梅

10

A. mume var. bungo Makino

杏梅

10

A. sibirica (L.) Lam.

山杏

10

A. vulgaris var. ansu (Maxim.) Yü et Lu

野杏

10 10

Aruncus 假升麻属 A. dioicus (Walt.) Fern.

迪奥假升麻

10

A. sylvester Kostel.

假升麻

10 10

Calycanthus 夏蜡梅属 C. floridus var. glaucus (Willd.) Torr. et A. Gray

美洲蜡梅

10 10

Cerasus 樱属 C. campanulata (Maxim.) Yü et Li

钟花樱桃

10

C. cerasoides (D. Don) Sok.

高盆樱桃

10

C. cerasoides var. rubea (C. Ingram) Yü et Li

红花高盆樱桃

10

C. clarofolia (Schneid.) Yü et Li

微毛樱桃

10

C. conadenia (Koehne) Yü et Li

锥腺樱桃

10

C. conradinae (Koehne) Yü et Li

华中樱桃

10

C. dictyoneura (Diels) Yü

毛叶欧李

10

501

502

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. dielsiana (Schneid.) Yü et Li

尾叶樱桃

10

C. discoidea Yü et Li

迎春樱桃

10

C. glandulosa (Thunb.) Lois.

麦李

10

C. jamasakura (Sieb. ex Koidz.) H. Ohba

山樱

10

C. japonica (Thunb.) Lois.

郁李

10

C. japonica var. multiplex (Ser.) D. Dietr.

重瓣郁李

10

C. kanzakura (Makino) H. Ohba

寒樱

10

C. nikaii (Honda) H. Ohba

翠绿东京樱花

10

C. patentipila (Hand.-Mazz.) Yü et Li

散毛樱桃

10

C. pogonostyla (Maxim.) Yü et Li

毛柱郁李

10

C. pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G. Don

樱桃

10

C. pseudocerasus ssp. sieboldii (Carrišre) Koidz.

高砂樱

10

C. sargentii (Rehd.) Eremin, Yüshev et L. N. Novikova

大山樱

10

C. serrulata (Lindl.) G. Don ex London

山樱花

10

C. serrulata var. lannesiana (Carr.) Makino

日本晚樱

10

C. setulosa (Batal.) Yü et Li

刺毛樱桃

10

C. stipulacea (Maxim.) Yü et Li

托叶樱桃

10

C. subhirtella var. pendula (Tanaka) Yü et Li

垂枝大叶早樱

10

C. tatsienensis (Batal.) Yü et Li

康定樱桃

10

C. tomentosa (Thunb.) Wall.

毛樱桃

10

C. yedoensis (Matsum.) Yü et Li

东京樱花

10

C. yunnanensis (Franch.) Yü et Li

云南樱桃

10 10

Chaenomeles 木瓜属 C. cathayensis Schneid.

毛叶木瓜

10

C. japonica (Thunb.) Spach

日本木瓜

10

C. japonica var. alpina Maxim.

高山日本木瓜

10

C. sinensis (Thouin) Koehne

木瓜

10

C. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai

皱皮木瓜

10

C. thibetica T. T. Yü

西藏木瓜

10 10

Cotoneaster 栒子属 C. acuminatus Lindl.

尖叶栒子

10

C. acutifolius Turcz.

灰栒子

10

C. acutifolius var. lucidus (Schltdl.) L. T. Lu

甘南灰栒子

10

C. adpressus Bois

匍匐栒子

10

C. affinis Lindl.

藏边栒子

10

C. allochrous Pojark.

异花栒子

10

C. apiculatus Rehd. et Wils.

细尖栒子

10

C. astrophoros J. Fryer et E. C. Nelson

繁星栒子

10

C. atropurpureus Flinck et B. Hylmö

紫枝栒子

10

C. bradyi J. Fryer et E. C. Nelson

布拉德利栒子

10

C. bullatus Bois

泡叶栒子

10

C. buxifolius Wall. ex Lindl.

黄杨叶栒子

10

C. dammerii Schneid.

矮生栒子

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. dammerii var. radicans (Dammer) Schneid.

长柄矮生栒子

10

C. dielsianus Pritz.

木帚栒子

10

C. divaricatus Rehd. et Wils.

散生栒子

10

C. fastigiatus J. Fryer et B. Hylmö

法斯丁栒子

10

C. foveolatus Rehd. et Wils.

麻核栒子

10

C. franchetii Bois

西南栒子

10

C. frigidus Wall. ex Lindl.

耐寒栒子

10

C. glabratus Rehd. et Wils.

光叶栒子

10

C. glaucophyllus Franch.

粉叶栒子

10

C. glaucophyllus var. meiophyllus W. W. Smith

小叶粉叶栒子

10

C. glomerulatus W. W. Smith

球花栒子

10

C. gracilis Rehd. et Wils.

细弱栒子

10

C. hebephyllus Diels

钝叶栒子

10

C. horizontalis Dcne.

平枝栒子

10

C. horizontalis var. perpusillus Schneid.

小叶栒刺木

10

C. hypocarpus J. Fryer et B. Hylmö

尖枝栒子

10

C. ignavus E. L. Wolf

10

C. insignis Pojark.

显著栒子

10

c. integerrimus Medic.

全缘栒子

10

C. lesliei J. Fryer et B. Hylmö

莱斯利栒子

10

C. melanocarpus Lodd.

黑果栒子

10

C. microphyllus Wall. ex Lindl.

小叶栒子

10

C. microphyllus var. glaciahs Hook. f.

无毛小叶栒子

10

C. minimus (T. T. Yü) J. Fryer

迷你栒子

10

C. mongolicus Pojark.

蒙古栒子

10

C. moupinensis Franch.

宝兴栒子

10

C. multiflorus Bunge

水栒子

10

C. nitens Rehd. et Wils.

光泽栒子

10

C. ovatus Pojark.

卵叶栒子

10

C. pannosus Franch.

毡毛栒子

10

C. rotundifolius Wall.

圆叶栒子

10

C. salicifolius Franch.

柳叶栒子

10

C. sanguineus Yü

血色栒子

10

C. silvestrii Pamp.

华中栒子

10

C. songaricus (Regel et Herder) Popov

准噶尔栒子

10

C. splendens Flinck et B. Hylmö

栒子

10

C. subadpressus Yü

高山栒子

10

C. submultiflorus Popov

毛叶水栒子

10

C. tauricus Pojark.

克里木栒子

10

C. tengyuehensis J. Fryer et B. Hylmö

腾越栒子

10

C. tenuipes Rehd. et Wils.

细枝栒子

10

C. vernae C. K. Schneid.

雪山栒子

10

C. wardii W. W. Smith

白毛栒子

10

503

504

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. yinchangensis J. Fryer et B. Hylmö

峨眉栒子

10

C. zabelii Schneid.

西北栒子

10 10

Crataegus 山楂属 C. altaica (Loud.) Lange

阿尔泰山楂

10

C. arnoldiana Sarg.

阿诺德山楂

10

C. azarolus var. pontica (K. Koch) K. I. Chr.

10

C. chlorosarca Maxim.

绿肉山楂

10

C. chrysocarpa Ashe

金果山楂

10

C. chungtienensis W. W. Smith

中甸山楂

10

C. coccinea L.

红山楂

10

C. cuneata Sieb. et Zucc.

野山楂

10

C. erythropoda Ashe

红梗山楂

10

C. hupehensis Sarg.

湖北山楂

10

C. intricata Lange

10

C. kansuensis Wils.

甘肃山楂

10

C. laevigata (Poir.) DC.

钝裂叶山楂

10

C. mollis (Torr. et A. Gray) Scheele

10

C. monogyna Jacq.

单柱山楂

10

C. nigra Waldst. et Kit.

黑山楂

10

C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.

五柱山楂

10

C. pinnatifida Bunge

山楂

10

C. pinnatifida var. major N. E. Br.

山里红

10

C. remotilobata H. Raik. ex Popov

裂叶山楂

10

C. rhipidophylla Gand.

10

C. rivularis Nutt. ex Torr. et A.Gray

溪畔山楂

10

C. sanguinea Pall.

辽宁山楂

10

C. scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd.

云南山楂

10

C. sera Sarg.

10

C. succulenta Schrad. ex Link

多浆山楂

10

C. viridis L.

绿山楂

10 10

Cydonia 榅桲属 C. oblonga Mill.

榅桲

10 10

Dichotomanthes 牛筋条属 D. tristaniicarpa Kurz

牛筋条

D. tristaniicarpa var. glabrata Rehd.

光叶牛筋条

10 10 10

Docynia 栘[ ]属 D. delavayi (Franch.) Schneid.

云南栘[ ]

10

D. indica (Wall.) Dcne.

栘[ ]

10 10

Dryas 仙女木属 D. octopetala L.

仙女木

10 10

Duchesnea 蛇莓属 D. chrysantha (Zoll. et Mor.) Miq.

皱果蛇莓

10

D. indica (Andr.) Focke

蛇莓

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 10

Eriobotrya 枇杷属 E. bengalensis (Roxb.) Hook. f.

南亚枇杷

10

E. bengalensis f. intermedia Vidal

四柱南亚枇杷

10

E. bengalensis var. angustifolia (Card.) Vidal

窄叶南亚枇杷

10

E. cavaleriei (Lévl.) Rehd.

大花枇杷

10

E. deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai

台湾枇杷

10

E. fragrans Champ.

香花枇杷

10

E. henryi Nakai

窄叶枇杷

10

E. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.

枇杷

10

E. obovata W. W. Smith

倒卵叶枇杷

10

E. prinoides Rehd. et Wils.

栎叶枇杷

10

E. serrata Vidal

齿叶枇杷

10 10

Exochorda 白鹃梅属 E. giraldii Hesse

红柄白鹃梅

10

E. racemosa (Lindl.) Rehd.

白鹃梅

10

E. serratifolia S. Moore

齿叶白鹃梅

10 10

Filipendula 蚊子草属 F. palmata (Pall.) Maxim.

蚊子草

10 10

Fragaria 草莓属 F. × ananassa Duch.

草莓

10

F. nilgerrensis Schlecht. ex Gay

黄毛草莓

10

F. orientalis Lozinsk.

东方草莓

10 10

Geum 路边青属 G. aleppicum Jacq

路边青

10

G. japonicum var. chinense F. Bolle

柔毛路边青

10

G. rivale L.

紫萼路边青

10 10

Kerria 棣棠花属 K. japonica (L.) DC.

棣棠花

10

K. japonica f. pleniflora (Witte) Rehd.

重瓣棣棠花

10 10

Laurocerasus 桂樱属 L. australis Yü et Lu

南方桂樱

10

L. dolichophylla Yü et Lu

长叶桂樱

10

L. hypotricha (Rehd.) Yü et Lu

毛背桂樱

10

L. jenkinsii (Hook. f.) Yü et Lu

坚硬桂樱

10

L. menghaiensis Yü et Lu

勐海桂樱

10

L. officinalis (L.) Roem.

桂樱

10

L. phaeosticta (Hance) Schneid.

腺叶桂樱

10

L. spinulosa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Schneid.

刺叶桂樱

10

L. undulata (D. Don) Rocm.

尖叶桂樱

10

L. zippeliana (Miq.) Yü et Lu

大叶桂樱

10 10

Maddenia 臭樱属 M. hypoleuca Koehne Malus 苹果属

臭樱

10 10

505

506

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. × prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.

楸子

10

M. asiatica Nakai

花红

10

M. baccata (L.) Borkh.

山荆子

10

M. doumeri (Bois) Chev.

台湾林檎

10

M. floribunda Sieb. ex van Houtte

多花海棠

10

M. halliana Koehne

垂丝海棠

10

M. hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd.

湖北海棠

10

M. kansuensis (Batal.) Schneid.

陇东海棠

10

M. kansuensis var. riversii Nash

红海棠

10

M. leiocalyca S. Z. Huang

光萼林檎

10

M. manshurica (Maxim.) Kom.

毛山荆子

10

M. micromalus Makino

西府海棠

10

M. ombrophila Hand.-Mazz.

沧江海棠

10

M. pumila Mill.

苹果

10

M. rockii Rehd.

丽江山荆子

10

M. sargentii Rehd.

萨金海棠

10

M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehd.

三叶海棠

10

M. sieversii (Ldb.) M. Roem.

新疆野苹果

10

M. sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne ex C. K. Schneid.

锡金海棠

10

M. spectabilis (Ait.) Borkh.

海棠花

10

M. sylvestris (L.) Mill.

森林苹果

10

M. toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes

变叶海棠

10

M. transitoria (Batal.) Schneid.

花叶海棠

10

M. tschonoskii (Maxim.) C. K. Schneid.

野木海棠

10

M. yunnanensis (Franch.) Schneid.

滇池海棠

10 10

Neillia 绣线梅属 N. sinensis Oliv.

中华绣线梅

10

N. sinensis var. caudata Rehd.

尾尖叶绣线梅

10

N. thyrsiflora D. Don

绣线梅

10

N. thyrsiflora var. tunkinensis (J. E. Vidal) J. E. Vidal

毛果锈线梅

10 10

Osteomeles 小石积属 O. schwerinae Schneid.

华西小石积

10

O. schwerinae var. microphylla Rehd. et Wils.

小叶石积

10 10

Padus 稠李属 P. avium Mill.

稠李

10

P. brachypoda (Batal.) Schneid.

短梗稠李

10

P. buergeriana (Miq.) Yü et Ku

橉木

10

P. grayana (Maxim.) Schneid.

灰叶椆李

10

P. napaulensis (Ser.) Schneid.

粗梗稠李

10

P. obtusata (Koehne) Yü et Ku

细齿桐李

10

P. stellipila (Kochne) Yü et Ku

星毛椆李

10

P. wilsonii Schneid.

绢毛椆李

10

Photinia 石楠属

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. × fraseri Dress

红叶石楠

10

P. arguta var. hookeri (Dcne.) Vidal

毛果锐齿石楠

10

P. arguta var. salicifolia (Dcne.) Vidal

柳叶锐齿石楠

10

P. beauverdiana Schneid

中华石楠

10

P. beauverdiana var. notabilis (Schneid.) Rehd. et Wils.

厚叶中华石楠

10

P. beauverdiana var. brevifolia Card.

短叶中华石楠

10

P. benthamiana Hance

闽粤石楠

10

P. bodinieri Lévl.

贵州石楠

10

P. callosa Chun ex Kuan

厚齿石楠

10

P. glabra (Thunb.) Maxim

光叶石楠

10

P. glomerata Rehd. et Wils.

球花石楠

10

P. impressivena Hayata

陷脉石楠

10

P. integrifolia Lindl.

全缘叶石楠

10

P. komarovii (H. Lév. et Vaniot) L. T. Lu et C. L. Li

垂丝石楠

10

P. lanuginosa Yü

绵毛石楠

10

P. lasiogyna (Franch.) Franch. ex Schneid.

倒卵叶石楠

10

P. lochengensis Yü

罗城石楠

10

P. loriformis W. W. Smith

带叶石楠

10

P. parvifolia (Pritz.) Schneid.

小叶石楠

10

P. prionophylla (Franch.) Schneid.

刺叶石楠

10

P. prunifolia (Hook. et Arn.) Lindl.

桃叶石楠

10

P. raupingensis Kuan

饶平石楠

10

P. schneideriana Rehd. et Wils.

绒毛石楠

10

P. serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman

石楠

10

P. villosa (Thunb.) DC.

毛叶石楠

10

P. villosa var. sinica Rehd. et Wils.

无毛毛叶石楠

10 10

Physocarpus 风箱果属 P. amurensis (Maxim.) Maxim.

风箱果

10

P. bracteatus (Rydb.) Rehd.

具苞风箱果

10

P. capitatus (Pursh) Kuntze

太平洋九层皮

10

P. malvaceus (Greene) Kuntze

锦葵九层皮

10

P. monogynus (Torr.) J. M. Coult.

山风箱果

10

P. opulifolius (L.) Maxim.

荚蒾叶风箱果

10 10

Potentilla 委陵菜属 P. anserina L.

蕨麻

10

P. bifurca L.

二裂委陵菜

10

P. chinensis Ser.

委陵菜

10

P. discolor Bge.

翻白草

10

P. flagellaris Willd. ex Schlecht.

匍枝委陵菜

10

P. fragarioides L.

莓叶委陵菜

10

P. freyniana Bornm.

三叶委陵菜

10

P. freyniana var. sinica Migo

中华三叶委陵菜

10

P. fruticosa L.

金露梅

10

507

508

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. glabra Lodd.

银露梅

10

P. kleiniana Wight et Arn.

蛇含委陵菜

10

P. lineata Trevir.

西南委陵菜

10

P. reptans var. sericophylla Franch.

绢毛匍匐委陵菜

10

P. stenophylla var. emergens Cardot

康定委陵菜

10

P. supina L.

朝天委陵菜

10

P. tanacetifolia Willd.

菊叶委陵菜

10 10

Prinsepia 扁核木属 P. sinensis (Oliv.) Oliv. ex Bean

东北扁核木

10

P. uniflora Batal.

蕤核

10

P. utilis Royle

扁核木

10 10

Prunus 李属 P. × blireana

美人梅

10

P. americana Marshall

美国李

10

P. cerasifera Ehrh.

樱桃李

10

P. cerasifera f. atropurpurea (Jacq.) Rehd.

紫叶李

10

P. cerasifera var. pissardii (Carrière) Koehne

红叶李

10

P. cerasus L.

欧洲酸樱桃

10

P. ceylanica (Wight) Miq.

10

P. densa Martrin-Donos

10

P. humilis (Bunge) Bar. et Liou

欧李

10

P. ledebouriana (Schltdl.) Y. Y. Yao

野扁桃

10

P. mahaleb L.

10

P. pedunculata (Pall.) Maxim.

长梗扁桃

10

P. pensylvanica L. f.

美国酸樱桃

10

P. salicina Lindl.

李

10

P. serotina Ehrh.

美国黑樱桃

10

P. virginiana L.

紫叶稠李

10 10

Pygeum 臀果木属 P. henryi Dunn

云南臀果木

10

P. macrocarpum Yü et Lu

大果臀果木

10

P. topengii Merr.

臀果木

10 10

Pyracantha 火棘属 P. angustifolia (Franch.) Schneid.

窄叶火棘

10

P. atalantioides (Hance) Stapf

全缘火棘

10

P. coccinea var. lalandii Hort. ex Dippel

拉氏德火棘

10

P. crenulata (D. Don) Roem.

细圆齿火棘

10

P. crenulata var. kansuensis Rehd.

甘肃火棘

10

P. fortuneana (Maxim.) Li

火棘

10

P. inermis J. E. Vidal

澜沧火棘

10

P. rogersiana (A. B. Jacks.) Coltm.-Rog.

薄叶火棘

10 10

Pyrus 梨属 P. armeniacaefolia Yü

杏叶梨

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. betulaefolia Bunge

杜梨

10

P. bretschneideri Rehd.

白梨

10

P. calleryana Dcne.

豆梨

10

P. calleryana f. tomentella Rehd.

绒毛豆梨

10

P. calleryana var. koehnei (Schneid.) T. T. Yü

棠梨

10

P. communis L.

西洋梨

10

P. lindleyi Rehd.

岭南梨

10

P. pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

川梨

10

P. pashia var. grandiflora Card.

大花川梨

10

P. phaeocarpa Rehd.

褐梨

10

P. pseudopashia Yü

滇梨

10

P. pulcherrima var. scheideckeri (Hort. ex Späth) L. H. Bailey

10

P. pyraster (L.) Burgsd.

梨

10

P. pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai

沙梨

10

P. serrulata Rehd.

麻梨

10

P. sinkiangensis Yü

新疆梨

10

P. ussuriensis Maxim.

秋子梨

10 10

Rhaphiolepis 石斑木属 R. ferruginea Metcalf

锈毛石斑木

10

R. indica (L.) Lindl. ex Ker

石斑木

10

R. lanceolata Hu

细叶石斑木

10

R. major Card.

大叶石斑木

10

R. salicifolia Lindl.

柳叶石斑木

10

R. umbellata (Thunb.) Makino

厚叶石斑木

10 10

Rhodotypos 鸡麻属 R. scandens (Thunb.) Makino

鸡麻

10 10

Rosa 蔷薇属 R. albertii Regel

腺齿蔷薇

10

R. banksiae Ait.

木香花

10

R. banksiae f. lutea (Lindl.) Rehd.

黄木香花

10

R. beggeriana Schrenk

弯刺蔷薇

10

R. bella Rehd. et Wils.

美蔷薇

10

R. blanda Ait.

柏格蔷薇

10

R. bracteata Wendl.

硕苞蔷薇

10

R. brunonii Lindl.

复伞房蔷薇

10

R. canina L.

狗蔷薇

10

R. carolina L.

加罗林蔷薇

10

R. caudata Baker

尾萼蔷薇

10

R. centifolia L.

百叶玫瑰

10

R. chengkouensis Yü et Ku

城口蔷薇

10

R. chinensis Jacq.

月季花

10

R. chinensis var. minima (Sims.) Voss.

小月季

10

R. chinensis var. semperflorens (Curtis) Koehne

紫月季花

10

509

510

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. cymosa Tratt.

小果蔷薇

10

R. damascena Mill.

突蕨蔷薇

10

R. davurica Pall.

山刺玫

10

R. davurica var. glabra Liou

光叶山刺玫

10

R. eglanteria L.

香叶蔷薇

10

R. fedtschenkoana Regel

腺果蔷薇

10

R. filipes Rehd. et Wils.

腺梗蔷薇

10

R. giraldii Crép.

陕西蔷薇

10

R. glauca Pourr.

粉绿叶蔷薇

10

R. glomerata Rehd. et Wils.

绣球蔷薇

10

R. graciliflora Rehd. et Wils.

细梗蔷薇

10

R. helenae Rehd. et Wils.

卵果蔷薇

10

R. henryi Bouleng.

软条七蔷薇

10

R. hugonis Hemsl.

黄蔷薇

10

R. hybrida Hort.

现代月季

10

R. iberica Steven ex M. Bieb.

伊比利亚蔷薇

10

R. kansuensis K. S. Hao

甘肃蔷薇

10

R. koreana Kom.

长白蔷薇

10

R. kwangtungensis Yü et Tsai

广东蔷薇

10

R. laevigata Michx.

金樱子

10

R. laxa Retz.

疏花蔷薇

10

R. laxa var. mollis Yü et Ku

毛叶疏花蔷薇

10

R. longicuspis Bertol.

长齿叶蔷薇

10

R. majalis Desf.

肉桂蔷薇

10

R. marginata Wallr.

边缘蔷薇

10

R. micrantha Borrer ex Sm.

小花蔷薇

10

R. moyesii Hemsl. et E. H. Wilson

华西蔷薇

10

R. multibracteata Hemsl. et E. H. Wilson

多苞蔷薇

10

R. multiflora Thunb.

野蔷薇

10

R. multiflora var. alba-plen Yü et Ku

白玉堂

10

R. multiflora var. carnea Thory

七姊妹

10

R. multiflora var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils.

粉团蔷薇

10

R. nitida Willd.

亮叶蔷薇

10

R. nutkana C. Presl

单瓣玫瑰

10

R. odorata (Andr.) Sweet

香水月季

10

R. odorata var. erubescens (Focke) Yü et Ku

粉红香水月季

10

R. odorata var. gigantea Rehd. et Wils.

大花香水月季

10

R. odorata var. pseudoindica (Lindl.) Rehd.

桔黄香水月季

10

R. omeiensis Rolfe

峨眉蔷薇

10

R. omeiensis f. paucijuga Yü et Ku

少对峨眉蔷薇

10

R. omeiensis f. pteracantha Rehd. et Wils.

扁刺峨眉蔷薇

10

R. palustris Marshall

沼生蔷薇

10

R. pendulina L.

垂枝蔷薇

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. pimpinellifolia L.

桂味蔷薇

10

R. pisocarpa A. Gray

豆果蔷薇

10

R. platyacantha Schrenk

宽刺蔷薇

10

R. primula Bouleng.

樱草蔷薇

10

R. roxburghii Tratt.

缫丝花

10

R. roxburghii f. normalis Rehd. et Wils.

单瓣缫丝花

10

R. rubiginosa Britton et N. E. Br.

锈红蔷薇

10

R. rubus Lévl. et Vant

悬钩子蔷薇

10

R. rugosa Thunb.

玫瑰

10

R. rugosa f. alba (Ware) Rehd.

白花单瓣玫瑰

10

R. rugosa f. albo-plena Rehd.

白花重瓣玫瑰

10

R. rugosa f. plena (Regel) Byhouwer

紫花重瓣玫瑰

10

R. sempervirens L.

常绿蔷薇

10

R. serafinii Viv.

塞拉菲尼蔷薇

10

R. sericea Lindl.

绢毛蔷薇

10

R. sertata Rolfe

钝叶蔷薇

10

R. setigera Michx.

草原玫瑰

10

R. setipoda Hemsl. et Wils.

刺梗蔷薇

10

R. sherardii Davies

谢拉德蔷薇

10

R. soulieana Crép.

川滇蔷薇

10

R. spinosissima L.

密刺蔷薇

10

R. spinosissima var. altaica (Willd.) Rehd.

大花密刺蔷薇

10

R. sweginzowii Koehne

扁刺蔷薇

10

R. tomentosa Sm.

被绒毛玫瑰

10

R. tsinglingensis Pax et K. Hoffm.

秦岭蔷薇

10

R. turcica Rouy

土耳其蔷薇

10

R. villosa L.

苹果蔷薇

10

R. virginiana Mill.

弗吉尼蔷薇

10

R. webbiana Wall. ex Royle

藏边蔷薇

10

R. wichuraiana Crép.

光叶蔷薇

10

R. willmottiae Hemsl.

小叶蔷薇

10

R. xanthina Lindl.

黄刺玫

10 10

Rubus 悬钩子属 R. adenophorus Rolfe

腺毛莓

10

R. alceaefolius Poir.

粗叶悬钩子

10

R. alexeterius Focke

刺萼悬钩子

10

R. amabilis Focke

秀丽莓

10

R. amphidasys Focke ex Diels

周毛悬钩子

10

R. bambusarum Focke

竹叶鸡爪茶

10

R. biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex Smith

粉枝莓

10

R. biflorus var. adenophorus Franch.

腺毛粉枝莓

10

R. buergeri Miq.

寒莓

10

R. calycacanthus Lévl.

猬莓

10

511

512

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. caudifolius Wuzhi

尾叶悬钩子

10

R. chiliadenus Focke

长序莓

10

R. chingii Hu

掌叶覆盆子

10

R. chingii var. suavissimus (S. Lee) L. T. Lu

甜茶

10

R. chroosepalus Focke

毛萼莓

10

R. cinclidodictyus Card.

网纹悬钩子

10

R. cochinchinensis Tratt.

蛇泡筋

10

R. cockburnianus Hemsl.

华中悬钩子

10

R. columellaris Tutch

小柱悬钩子

10

R. corchorifolius L.

山莓

10

R. coreanus Miq.

插田泡

10

R. coreanus var. tomentosus Card.

毛叶插田藨

10

R. crataegifolius Bunge

牛叠肚

10

R. ellipticus Smith

椭圆悬钩子

10

R. ellipticus var. obcordatus (Franch.) Focke.

栽秧藨

10

R. eustephanus Focke ex Diels

大红泡

10

R. eustephanus var. glanduliger Yü et Lu

腺毛大红泡(腺毛悬钩子)

10

R. flagelliflorus Focke ex Diels

攀枝莓

10

R. fraxinifoliolus Hayata

梣叶悬钩子

10

R. fuscifolius Yü et Lu

锈叶悬钩子

10

R. fuscorubens Focke

黄毛悬钩子

10

R. glabricarpus Cheng

光果悬钩子

10

R. glandulosocarpus M. X. Nie

腺果悬钩子

10

R. grandipaniculatus Yü et Lu

大序悬钩子

10

R. gressittii Metc.

江西悬钩子

10

R. henryi Hemsl. et Kuntze

鸡爪茶

10

R. henryi var. sozostylus (Focke) Yü et Lu

大叶鸡爪茶

10

R. hexagynus Roxb.

心状梨叶莓

10

R. hirsutus Thunb.

蓬蘽

10

R. hunanensis Hand.-Mazz.

湖南悬钩子

10

R. hypopitys Focke

滇藏悬钩子

10

R. ichangensis Hemsl. et Ktze.

宜昌悬钩子

10

R. idaeopsis Focke

拟覆盆子

10

R. idaeus L.

树莓

10

R. impressinervius Metc.

陷脉悬钩子

10

R. innominatus S. Moore

白叶莓

10

R. innominatus var. kuntzeanus (Hemsl.) Bailey

无腺白叶莓

10

R. innominatus var. quinatus Bailey

五叶白叶莓

10

R. inopertus (Diels) Focke

红花悬钩子

10

R. irenaeus Focke

灰毛泡

10

R. jambosoides Hance

蒲桃叶悬钩子

10

R. kulinganus Bailey

牯岭悬钩子

10

R. lambertianus Ser.

高粱泡

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. lambertianus var. glaber Hemsl.

光滑高粱泡

10

R. lasiostylus Focke

绵果悬钩子

10

R. latoauriculatus Metc.

耳叶悬钩子

10

R. laxus Focke

疏花莓

10

R. leucanthus Hance

白花悬钩子

10

R. lineatus Reinw.

绢毛悬钩子

10

R. lobatus Yü et Lu

浅裂悬钩子

10

R. lobophyllus Shih ex Metc.

角裂悬钩子

10

R. lucens Focke

光亮悬钩子

10

R. malifolius Focke

棠叶悬钩子

10

R. malipoensis Yü et Lu

麻栗坡悬钩子

10

R. mallotifolius Wu ex Yü et Lu

楸叶悬钩子

10

R. menglaensis T. T. Yü et L. T. Lu

勐腊悬钩子

10

R. mesogaeus Focke

喜阴悬钩子

10

R. multibracteatus Lévl. et Vant.

大乌泡

10

R. niveus Thunb.

红藨刺藤

10

R. occidentalis L.

西方悬钩子

10

R. pacificus Hance

太平莓

10

R. paniculatus Smith

圆锥悬钩子

10

R. parkeri Hance

鸟泡子

10

R. parvifolius L.

茅莓

10

R. parvifolius var. adenochlamys (Focke) Migo

腺花茅莓

10

R. paucidentatus Yü et Lu

少齿悬钩子

10

R. pectinellus Maxim.

黄泡

10

R. peltatus Maxim.

盾叶莓

10

R. penduliflorus Wu ex Yü et Lu

河口悬钩子

10

R. pentagonus Wall. ex Focke

掌叶悬钩子

10

R. phoenicolasius Maxim.

多腺悬钩子

10

R. pileatus Focke

菰帽悬钩子

10

R. pinfaensis Lévl. et Vant.

红毛悬钩子

10

R. pinnatisepalus Hemsl.

羽萼悬钩子

10

R. pirifolius Smith

梨叶悬钩子

10

R. pirifolius var. cordatus Yü et Lu

心状梨叶悬钩子

10

R. playfairianus Hemsl.

五叶鸡爪茶

10

R. poliophyllus Ktze.

毛叶悬钩子

10

R. pubifolius Yü et Lu

柔毛悬钩子

10

R. pungens var. oldhamii (Miq.) Maxim.

香莓

10

R. raopingensis Yü et Lu

饶平悬钩子

10

R. reflexus Ker.

锈毛莓

10

R. reflexus var. hui Metc.

浅裂锈毛莓

10

R. reflexus var. lanceolobus Metc.

红泡刺深裂锈毛莓

10

R. rosifolius Sm. ex Baker

空心泡

10

R. rosifolius var. coronarius Sims.

重瓣空心泡

10

513

514

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

R. rufus Focke

棕红悬钩子

10

R. rufus var. palmatifidus Card.

掌裂棕红悬钩子

10

R. sempervirens Yü et Lu

常绿悬钩子

10

R. setchuenensis Bur. et Franch.

川莓

10

R. shihae Metc.

桂滇悬钩子

10

R. simplex Focke

单茎悬钩子

10

R. spinulosoides Metc.

刺毛白叶莓

10

R. subcoreanus Yü et Lu

柱序悬钩子

10

R. sumatranus Miq.

红腺悬钩子

10

R. swinhoei Hance

木莓

10

R. tephrodes Hance

灰白毛莓

10

R. tephrodes var. ampliflorus (Lévl. et Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.

无腺灰白毛莓

10

R. trianthus Focke

三花悬钩子

10

R. viburnifolius Focke

荚迷叶悬钩子

10

R. wangii Metc.

大苞悬钩子

10

R. wuzhianus L. T. Lu et Boufford

锯叶悬钩子

10

R. xanthoneurus Focke ex Diels

黄脉莓

10

R. yunnanicus Ktze.

云南悬钩子

10 10

Sanguisorba 地榆属 S. officinalis L.

地榆

10

S. officinalis var. longifolia (Bert.) Yü et Li

长叶地榆

10

S. sitchensis C. A. Mey

大白地榆

10 10

Sibiraea 鲜卑花属 S. angustata (Rehd.) Hand.-Mazz.

窄叶鲜卑花

10 10

Sorbaria 珍珠梅属 S. arborea Schneid.

高丛珍珠梅

10

S. arborea var. glabrata Rehd.

光叶高丛珍珠梅

10

S. kirilowii (Regel) Maxim.

华北珍珠梅

10

S. sorbifolia (L.) A. Br.

珍珠梅

10

S. sorbifolia var. stellipila Maxim.

星毛珍珠梅

10

S. tomentosa (Lindl.) Rehd.

曲柄珍珠梅

10 10

Sorbus 花楸属 S. alnifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) K. Koch

水榆花楸

10

S. amabilis Cheng ex Yü

黄山花楸

10

S. caloneura (Stapf) Rehd.

美脉花楸

10

S. corymbifera (Miq.) Khep et Yakovlev

疣果花楸

10

S. ferruginea (Wenz.) Rehd.

锈色花楸

10

S. folgneri (Schneid.) Rehd.

石灰花楸

10

S. globosa Yü et Tsai

圆果花楸

10

S. hemsleyi (Schneid.) Rehd.

江南花楸

10

S. hupehensis Schneid.

湖北花楸

10

S. keissleri (Schneid.) Rehd.

毛序花楸

10

S. koehneana Schneid.

陕甘花楸

10

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. ochracea (Hand.-Mazz.) Vidal

褐毛花楸

10

S. pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl.

花楸树

10

S. rehderiana Koehne

西南花楸

10

S. thomsonii (King ex Hook. f.) Rehd.

滇缅花楸

10

S. vilmorinii Schneid.

川滇花楸

10

S. wilsoniana Schneid.

华西花楸

10 10

Spiraea 绣线菊属 S. × vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel

菱叶绣线菊

10

S. alpina Pall.

高山绣线菊

10

S. bella Sims

藏南绣线菊

10

S. betulifolia Pall.

桦叶绣线菊

10

S. blumei G. Don

绣球绣线菊

10

S. blumei var. microphylla Rehd.

小叶绣球绣线菊

10

S. cantoniensis Lour.

麻叶绣线菊

10

S. chamaedryfolia L.

石蚕叶绣线菊

10

S. chinensis Maxim.

中华绣线菊

10

S. crenata L.

圆齿叶绣线菊

10

S. dasyantha Bge.

毛花绣线菊

10

S. douglasii Hook.

道格拉斯绣线菊

10

S. douglasii var. menziesii (Hook.) Calder et R. L. Taylor

10

S. fritschiana var. angulata (Schneid.) Rehd.

大叶华北绣线菊

10

S. fritschiana Schneid.

华北绣线菊

10

S. henryi Hemsl.

翠蓝绣线菊

10

S. hingshanensis T. T. Yü et L. T. Lu

兴山绣线菊

10

S. hirsuta (Hemsl.) C. K. Schneid.

疏毛锈线菊

10

S. hypericifolia L.

金丝桃叶绣线菊

10

S. japonica L. f.

粉花绣线菊

10

S. japonica var. acuminata Franch.

渐尖叶粉花绣线菊

10

S. japonica var. acuta Yü

急尖叶粉花绣线菊

10

S. japonica var. fortunei (Planch.) Rehd.

光叶粉花绣线菊

10

S. japonica var. glabra (Regel) Koidz.

无毛粉花绣线菊

10

S. kwangsiensis Yü

广西绣线菊

10

S. laeta Rehd.

华西绣线菊

10

S. martinii Lévl.

毛枝绣线菊

10

S. myrtilloides Rehd.

细枝绣线菊

10

S. nipponica Maxim.

小花绣线菊

10

S. nishimurae Kitag.

金州绣线菊

10

S. ovalis Rehd.

广椭绣线菊

10

S. prunifolia Sieb. et Zucc.

李叶绣线菊

10

S. prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nakai

单瓣李叶绣线菊

10

S. pubescens Turcz.

土庄绣线菊

10

S. rosthornii Pritz.

南川绣线菊

10

S. salicifolia L.

柳叶绣线菊

10

515

516

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rosaceae 蔷薇科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. schneideriana var. amphidoxa Rehd.

无毛川滇绣线菊

10

S. sericea Turcz.

绢毛绣线菊

10

S. sublobata Hand.-Mazz.

浅裂绣线菊

10

S. thunbergii Sieb. ex Blume

珍珠绣线菊

10

S. trilobata L.

三裂绣线菊

10

S. veitchii Hemsl.

鄂西绣线菊

10

S. wilsonii Duthie

陕西绣线菊

10

S. yunnanensis Franch.

云南绣线菊

10 10

Stephanandra 小米空木属 S. chinensis Hance

华空木

10 10

Stranvaesia 红果树属 S. amphidoxa Schneid.

毛萼红果树

10

S. amphidoxa var. amphileia (Hand.-Mazz.) Yü

尖萼红果树

10

S. davidiana Dcne.

红果树

10

S. davidiana var. undulata (Dcne.) Rehd. et Wils.

波叶红果树

10

S. oblanceolata (Rehd. et E. H. Wilson) Stapf

滇南红果树

10 10

Vaccinium 越橘属 V. pubicalyx Franch.

毛萼越橘

10

194. Rubiaceae 茜草科 Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite or whorled; stipulate often between petioles. Sympetalous flowers, hermaphroditic, regular; styles irregular heights; in cymes grouped into various inflorescences; ovary inferior, often 2-loculed. Fruit a capsule, berry and drupe. About 660 genera and 11,150 species are wide spread cosmopolitan, with most genera and species in humid tropical regions. Ninety-eight genera and 785 species found in China. A total of 281 species, 6 subspecies, 10 varieties and four forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 Gardenia jasminoides var. fortunian 白蝉 botanical gardens. A number of 29% (229/785) species and 69% (68/98) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-194

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Rubiaceae

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. pilulifera (Lam.) Franch. ex Drake

Volume 11

Adina 水团花属 水团花

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. rubella Hance

细叶水团花

11 11

Aidia 茜树属 A. canthioides (Champ. ex Benth.) Masamine

光叶山黄皮

11

A. cochinchinensis Lour.

茜树

11

A. henryi (E. Pritz.) T. Yamaz.

亨氏香楠

11

A. pycnantha (Drake) Tirveng.

多毛茜草树

11

A. shweliensis (Anth.) W. C. Chen

瑞丽茜树

11

A. yunnanensis (Hutchins.) Yamazaki

滇茜树

11 11

Brachytome 短萼齿木属 B. hirtellata var. glabrescens W. C. Chen

疏毛短萼齿木

11

B. wallichii Hook. f.

短萼齿木

11 11

Canthium 鱼骨木属 C. dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teysmann et Binnedijk

鱼骨木

11

C. horridum Blume

猪肚木

11

C. simile Merr. et Chun

大叶鱼骨木

11 11

Catunaregam 山石榴属 C. spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.

山石榴

11

Cephaelis 头九节属 C. laui (Merr. et Metcalf) How et Ko

头九节

风箱树

11 11

Chassalia 弯管花属 C. curviflora Thwaites

11 11

Cephalanthus 风箱树属 C. tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsdale et Bakh. f.

11

弯管花

11 11

Cinchona 金鸡纳属 C. officinalis L.

正鸡纳树

11

C. pubescens Vahl

大叶金鸡纳

11 11

Coffea 咖啡属 C. arabica L.

小粒咖啡

11

C. canephora Pierre ex Froehn.

中粒咖啡

11

C. liberica Bull ex Hiern

大果咖啡

11

C. mauritiana Lam.

野生咖啡

11 11

Colquhounia 火把花属 C. coccinea var. mollis (Schlecht.) Prain

火把花

C. diffusa (Champ. ex Benth.) van Steenis

11 11

Coptosapelta 流苏子属 流苏子

11 11

Damnacanthus 虎刺属 D. angustifolius Hayata

台湾虎刺

11

D. giganteus (Mak.) Nakai

短刺虎刺

11

D. indicus Gaertn.

虎刺

11

D. officinarum Huang

四川虎刺

11 11

Dentella 小牙草属 D. repens (L.) J. R. Forst. Dioecrescis

小牙草

11 11

517

518

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. erythroslada (Kurz) Tirveng.

红皮栀子

11 11

Diplospora 狗骨柴属 D. dubia (Lindl.) Masam.

狗骨柴

11

D. fruticosa Hemsl.

毛狗骨柴

11

D. mollissima Hutch.

云南狗骨柴

11 11

Dunnia 绣球茜属 D. sinensis Tutch.

绣球茜草

D. pavettaefolia (Kurz) Pitard

长柱山丹

11 11

Emmenopterys 香果树属 E. henryi Oliv.

11 11

Duperrea 长柱山丹属

香果树

11 11

Galium 拉拉藤属 G. aparine var. echinospermum (Wallr.) Cuf.

拉拉藤

11

G. aparine var. tenerum (Gren. et Godr.) Rchb.

猪殃殃

11

G. asperifolium var. verrucifructum Cuf.

滇小叶葎

11

G. bungei Steud.

四叶葎

11

G. trifidum L.

小叶猪殃殃

11

G. verum L.

蓬子菜

11 11

Gardenia 栀子属 G. cornuta Hemsl.

角状栀子

11

G. hainanensis Merr.

海南栀子

11

G. jasminoides Ellis

栀子

11

G. jasminoides var. fortuneana (Lindl.) H. Hara

白蝉

11

G. scabrella Puttock

粗栀子

11

G. sootepensis Hutch.

云南黄栀子

11

G. stenophylla Merr.

狭叶栀子

11

G. taitensis DC.

重瓣大溪地栀子花

11 11

Genipa 靛榄属 G. americana L.

美洲栀子

G. herbacea (Jacq.) K. Schum.

爱地草

桂海木

心叶木

11 11

Hamelia 长隔木属 H. patens Jacq.

11 11

Haldina 心叶木属 H. cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd.

11 11

Guihaiothamnus 桂海木属 G. acaulis Lo

11 11

Geophila 爱地草属

希茉莉

11 11

Hedyotis 耳草属 H. acutangula Champ. ex Benth.

金草

11

H. auricularia L.

耳草

11

H. biflora (L.) Lam.

双花耳草

11

H. capitellata Wall. ex G. Don

小头凉喉茶

11

H. chrysotricha (Palib.) Merr.

金毛耳草

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. consanguinea Hance

拟金草

11

H. coronaria (Kurz) Craib

合叶耳草

11

H. corymbosa (L.) Lam.

伞房花耳草

11

H. costata (Roxb.) Kurz

肋脉耳草

11

H. diffusa Willd.

白花蛇舌草

11

H. effusa Hance

鼎湖耳草

11

H. hedyotidea (DC.) Merr.

牛白藤

11

H. herbacea L.

丹草

11

H. matthewii Dunn

疏花耳草

11

H. mellii Tutch.

粗毛耳草

11

H. ovatifolia Cav.

矮小耳草

11

H. pinifolia Wall. ex G. Don

松叶耳草

11

H. scandens Roxb.

攀茎耳草

11

H. tenelliflora Blume

纤花耳草

11

H. uncinella Hook. et Arn.

长节耳草

11

H. verticillata (L.) Lam.

粗叶耳草

11 11

Himalrandia 须弥茜树属 H. lichiangensis (W. W. Smith) Tirveng.

须弥茜树

H. formicarum Jack

11 11

Hydnophytum 蚁茜属 蚁寨

11 11

Hymenodictyon 土连翘属 H. flaccidum Wall.

土连翘

11

H. orixense (Roxb.) Mabb.

毛土连翘

11 11

Hyptianthera 藏药木属 H. stricta (Roxb.) Wight et Arn.

藏药木

11 11

Ixora 龙船花属 I. amplexicaulis C. Y. Wu et W. C. Ko

抱茎龙船花

11

I. casei Hance

洋红龙船花

11

I. cephalophora Merr.

团花龙船花

11

I. chinensis Lam.

龙船花

11

I. coccinea L.

橙江龙船花

11

I. hainanensis Merr.

海南龙船花

11

I. henryi H. Lév.

白花龙船花

11

I. nienkui Merr. et Chun

泡叶龙船花

11

I. pavetta Andr.

小仙丹花

11

I. tsangii Merr. ex Li

上思龙船花

11

I. yunnanensis Hutch.

滇龙船花

11 11

Knoxia 红芽大戟属 K. corymbosa Willd.

诺斯草

11 11

Lasianthus 粗叶木属 L. appressihirtus Simizu

伏毛粗叶木

11

L. chinensis (Champ.) Benth.

粗叶木

11

L. curtisii King et Gamble

广东粗叶木

11

519

520

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. filipes Chun ex Lo

长梗粗叶木

11

L. fordii Hance

罗浮粗叶木

11

L. formosensis Matsum.

台湾粗叶木

11

L. henryi Hutch.

西南粗叶木

11

L. hookeri C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f.

虎克粗叶木

11

L. hookeri var. dunniana (H. Lév.) H. Zhu

睫毛粗叶木

11

L. japonicus Miq.

日本粗叶木

11

L. japonicus var. lancilimbus (Merr.) Lo

榄绿粗叶木

11

L. japonicus var. satsumensis (Matsum.) Mikiao

曲毛日本粗叶木

11

L. kurzii Hook. f.

库兹粗叶木

11

L. longicaudus Hook. f.

云广粗叶木

11

L. lucidus Blume

无苞粗叶木

11

L. micranthus Hook. f.

小花粗叶木

11

L. obliquinervis Merr.

截萼粗叶木

11

L. sikkimensis Hook. f.

锡金粗叶木

11

L. tenuicaudatus Hook. f.

大叶粗叶木

11

L. trichophlebus Hemsl.

钟萼粗叶木

11

L. tubiferus Hook. f.

革叶粗叶木

11

L. wallichii (Wight et Arn.) Wight

斜基粗叶木

11 11

Leptodermis 野丁香属 L. oblonga Bunge

薄皮木

11

L. pilosa Diels

川滇野丁香

11

L. potanini Batalin

野丁香

11

L. schneideri H. Winkl.

纤枝野丁香

11

L. tomentella H. Winkl. ex Lo

蒙自野丁香

11 11

Leptomischus 报春茜属 L. primuloides Drake

报春茜

L. biflora Blume

11 11

Litosanthes 石核木属 石核木

11 11

Luculia 滇丁香属 L. pinceana Hook. f.

滇丁香

11

L. yunnanensis S. Y. Hu

鸡冠滇丁香

11 11

Metadina 黄棉木属 M. trichotoma (Zoll. et Moritzi) Bakh. f.

黄棉木

11 11

Mitragyna 帽蕊木属 M. diversifolia (Wall. ex G. Don) Havil.

异叶帽蕊木

11

M. rotundifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze

帽蕊木

11 11

Morinda 巴戟天属 M. angustifolia Roxb.

狭叶巴戟

11

M. brevipes S. Y. Hu

短柄巴戟天

11

M. citrifolia L.

海滨木巴戟

11

M. cochinchinensis DC.

大果巴戟

11

M. hupehensis S. Y. Hu

湖北巴戟

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. leiantha Kurz

顶花木巴戟

11

M. lucida Benth.

黄茎巴戟

11

M. officinalis How

巴戟天

11

M. parvifolia Bartl. ex DC.

鸡眼藤

11

M. umbellata L.

印度羊角藤

11 11

Mouretia 牡丽草属 M. guangdongensis Lo

广东牡丽草

11 11

Mussaenda 玉叶金花属 M. breviloba S. Moore

短裂玉叶金花

11

M. divaricata Hutch.

展枝玉叶金花

11

M. elongata Hutch.

长玉叶金花

11

M. erosa Champ.

楠藤

11

M. erythrophylla Schumach.

红纸扇

11

M. esquirolii H. Lév.

大叶白纸扇

11

M. flava (Verdc.) Baker f.

黄玉叶金花

11

M. hainanensis Merr.

海南玉叶金花

11

M. hirsutula Miq.

粗毛玉叶金花

11

M. hossei Craib

红毛玉叶金花

11

M. kwangsiensis Li

广西玉叶金花

11

M. macrophylla Wall.

大叶玉叶金花

11

M. mollissima C. Y. Wu ex Hsue et H. Wu

多毛玉叶金花

11

M. multinervis C. Y. Wu ex Hsue et H. Wu

多脉玉叶金花

11

M. philippica A. Rich.

白纸扇

11

M. pubescens W. T. Aiton

玉叶金花

11

M. sessilifolia Hutch.

无柄玉叶金花

11 11

Mycetia 腺萼木属 M. bracteata Hutch.

长苞腺萼木

11

M. brevisepala H. S. Lo

短萼腺萼木

11

M. congestiflora How

团花腺萼木

11

M. glandulosa Craib

腺萼木

11

M. gracilis Craib

细梗腺萼木

11

M. hirta Hutch.

毛腺萼木

11

M. longiflora F. C. How ex H. S. Lo

长花腺萼木

11

M. longiflora f. howii Lo

侯氏腺萼木

11

M. macrocarpa F. C. How ex H. S. Lo

大果腺萼木

11

M. sinensis (Hemsl.) Craib

华腺萼木

11 11

Myrioneuron 密脉木属 M. faberi Hemsl.

密脉木

11

M. tonkinensis Pitard

越南密脉木

11 11

Myrmecodia 刺蚁茜属 M. tuberosa Jack

块茎蚁巢木

11

Nauclea 乌檀属 N. officinalis (Pierre ex Pit.) Merr. et Chun

11

乌檀

11

521

522

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

N. orientalis L.

东方乌檀

11 11

Neanotis 新耳草属 N. boerhaavioides (Hance) Lewis

卷毛新耳草

11

N. calycina (Wall. ex Hook. f.) W. H. Lewis

紫花新耳草

11

N. hirsuta (L. f.) Lewis

薄叶新耳草

11

N. ingrata (Wall. ex Hook. f.) Lewis

臭味新耳草

11

N. kwangtungensis (Merr. et Metcalf) Lewis

广东新耳草

11

N. thwaitesiana (Hance) Lewis

新耳草

11 11

Neohymenopogon 石丁香属 N. parasiticus (Wall.) S. S. R. Bennet

石丁香

11

Neolamarckia 团花属 N. cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

11

团花

11 11

Neonauclea 新乌檀属 N. griffithii (Hook. f.) Merr.

新乌檀

11

N. sessilifolia (Roxb.) Merr.

无柄新乌檀

11

N. tsaiana S. Q. Zou

滇南新乌檀

11 11

Nertera 薄柱草属 N. nigricarpa Hayata

黑果薄柱草

11

N. sinensis Hemsl.

薄柱草

11 11

Ophiorrhiza 蛇根草属 O. alata Craib

有翅蛇根草

11

O. aureolina H. S. Lo

金黄蛇根草

11

O. austroyunnanensis H. S. Lo

滇南蛇根草

11

O. cantoniensis Hance

广州蛇根草

11

O. chinensis H. S. Lo

中华蛇根草

11

O. chinensis f. emeiensis H. S. Lo

峨眉蛇根草

11

O. cordata W. L. Sha

心叶蛇根草

11

O. fangdingii H. S. Lo

方鼎蛇根草

11

O. grandibracteolata How ex H. S. Lo

大苞蛇根草

11

O. hispidula Wall. ex G. Don

版纳蛇根草

11

O. huanjiangensis D. Fang et Z. M. Xie

环江蛇根草

11

O. japonica Blume

日本蛇根草

11

O. laoshanica H. S. Lo

老山蛇根草

11

O. lignosa Merr.

木茎蛇根草

11

O. macrodonta H. S. Lo

大齿蛇根草

11

O. napoensis H. S. Lo

那坡蛇根草

11

O. nigricans H. S. Lo

变黑蛇根草

11

O. nutans C. B. Clarke

垂花蛇根草

11

O. ochroleuca Hook. f.

黄花蛇根草

11

O. oppositiflora Hook. f.

对生蛇根草

11

O. pauciflora Hook. f.

少花蛇根草

11

O. pumila Champ. ex Benth.

短小蛇根草

11

O. repandicalyx H. S. Lo

大叶蛇根草

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. subrubescens Drake

变红蛇根草

11

O. wallichii Hook. f.

大果蛇根草

11 11

Osa 醉心茜属 O. pulchra (D. R. Simpson) Aiello

美丽茜

11 11

Oxyceros 鸡爪簕属 O. evenosa (Hutchins.) Yamazaki

无脉鸡爪簕

11

O. griffithii (Hook. f.) W. C. Chen

琼滇鸡爪簕

11

O. sinensis Lour.

鸡爪簕

11 11

Paederia 鸡矢藤属 P. cavaleriei H. Lév.

耳叶鸡矢藤

11

P. scandens (Lour.) Merr.

鸡矢藤

11

P. scandens var. tomentosa (Blume) Hand.-Mazz.

毛鸡矢藤

11

P. stenobotrya Merr.

狭序鸡矢藤

11 11

Pavetta 大沙叶属 P. arenosa Lour.

大沙叶

11

P. arenosa f. glabrituba Chun et How ex Ko

光萼大沙叶

11

P. hongkongensis Bremek.

香港大沙叶

11

P. polyantha (Hook. f.) R. Br. ex Bremek.

多花大沙叶

11

P. scabrifolia Bremek.

糙叶大沙叶

11 11

Pentas 五星花属 P. lanceolata (Forsk.) K. Schum.

五星花

11

Pertusadina 槽裂木属 P. hainanensis (How) Ridsd.

11

海南槽裂木

11 11

Prismatomeris 南山花属 P. connata Y. Z. Ruan

南山花

11

P. tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Schum.

四蕊三角瓣花

11 11

Psychotria 九节属 P. calocarpa Kurz

美果九节

11

P. erratica Hook. f.

西藏九节

11

P. fluviatilis Chun ex W. C. Chen

溪边九节

11

P. henryi H. Lév.

滇南九节

11

P. kirkii Hiern

柯克九节

11

P. morindoides Hutch.

聚果九节

11

P. pilifera Hutch.

毛九节

11

P. prainii H. Lév.

驳骨九节

11

P. rubra (Lour.) Poir.

九节

11

P. serpens L.

蔓九节

11

P. straminea Hutch.

黄脉九节

11

P. symplocifolia Kurz

山矾叶九节

11

P. tutcheri Dunn

假九节

11

P. yunnanensis Hutch.

云南九节

11 11

Rondeletia 郎德木属 R. odorata Jacq.

郎德木

11

523

524

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Rubia 茜草属 R. alata Roxb.

金剑草

11

R. argyi (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Hara ex Lauener

东南茜草

11

R. cordifolia L.

茜草

11

R. dolichophylla Schrenk

长叶茜草

11

R. ovatifolia Z. Y. Zhang

卵叶茜草

11

R. schumanniana Pritzel

大叶茜草

11

R. yunnanensis Diels

紫参

11 11

Saprosma 染木树属 S. hainanensis Merr.

海南染木树

11

S. ternatum Hook. f.

染木树

11 11

Schizomussaenda 裂果金花属 S. henryi (Hutch.) X. F. Deng et D. X. Zhang

裂果金花

11 11

Serissa 白马骨属 S. japonica (Thunb.) Thunb.

六月雪

11

S. serissoides (DC.) Druce

白马骨

11 11

Sinoadina 鸡仔木属 S. racemosa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Ridsd.

鸡仔木

11 11

Spermacoce 钮扣草属 S. alata Aubl.

阔叶丰花草

11

S. articularis L. f.

糙叶丰花草

11

S. pusilla Wall.

丰花草

11 11

Spiradiclis 螺序草属 S. caespitosa Blume

螺序草

11

S. caespitosa f. cylindrica (Wall. ex Hook. f.) H. S. Lo

尖叶螺序草

11

S. emeiensis H. S. Lo

峨眉螺序草

11

S. guangdongensis H. S. Lo

广东螺序草

11

S. loana R. J. Wang

献瑞螺序草

11

S. longibracteata S. Y. Liu et S. J. Wei

长苞螺序草

11

S. longipedunculata W. L. Sha et X. X. Chen

长梗螺序草

11

S. longzhouensis H. S. Lo

龙州螺序草

11

S. luochengensis H. S. Lo et W. L. Sha

桂北螺序草

11

S. tomentosa D. Fang et D. H. Qin

粘毛螺序草

11

S. villosa X. X. Chen et W. L. Sha

毛螺序草

11 11

Tarenna 乌口树属 T. attenuata (Voigt) Hutch.

假桂乌口树

11

T. depauperata Hutch.

白皮乌口树

11

T. lanceolata Chun et How ex W. C. Chen

广西乌口树

11

T. laui Merr.

崖州乌口树

11

T. mollissima (Hook. et Arn.) Rob.

白花苦灯笼

11

T. wangii Chun et K. C. How

长叶乌口树

11 11

Tarennoidea 岭罗麦属 T. wallichii (Hook. f.) Tirveng. et Sastre

岭罗麦

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rubiaceae 茜草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Uncaria 钩藤属 U. hirsuta Havil.

毛钩藤

11

U. laevigata Wall. ex G. Don

平滑钩藤

11

U. lancifolia Hutch.

倒挂金钩

11

U. macrophylla Wall.

大叶钩藤

11

U. rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil.

钩藤

11

U. scandens (Smith) Hutch.

攀枝钩藤

11

U. sessilifructus Roxb.

白钩藤

11

U. sinensis (Oliv.) Havil.

华钩藤

11

U. yunnanensis K. C. Hsia

云南钩藤

11 11

Urophyllum 尖叶木属 U. chinense Merr. et Chun

11

尖叶木

11

Wendlandia 水锦树属 W. augustinii Cowan

思茅水锦树

11

W. bouvardioides Hutch.

薄叶水锦树

11

W. cavaleriei H. Lév.

贵州水锦树

11

W. parviflora W. C. Chen

小花水锦树

11

W. pendula (Wall.) DC.

垂枝水锦树

11

W. salicifolia Franch. ex A. Paiva

柳叶水锦树

11

W. scabra Kurz

粗叶水锦树

11

W. tinctoria (Roxb.) DC.

染色水锦树

11

W. tinctoria ssp. affinis F. C. How ex W. C. Chen

毛冠水锦树

11

W. tinctoria ssp. callitricha (Cowan) W. C. Chen

厚毛水锦树

11

W. tinctoria ssp. floribunda (Craib) Cowan

多花水锦树

11

W. tinctoria ssp. intermedia (F. C. How) W. C. Chen

红皮水锦树

11

W. tinctoria ssp. orientalis Cowan

东方水锦树

11

W. uvariifolia Hance

水锦树

11

W. uvariifolia ssp. pilosa W. C. Chen

疏毛水锦树

11

W. wallichii Wight et Arn.

光叶水锦树

11

195. Rutaceae 芸香科 Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or compound, often with aromatic volatile oils contained in glands visible at surface of at least leaves, estipulate. Inflorescence cymes; flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic; sepals and petals 4 or 5. Fruit a berry, follicle, capsule, samara or drupe. About 155 genera and ca. 1600 species are nearly cosmopolitan, but mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Twenty-nine genera and 145 species or hybrid species found in China.

Citrus maxima 柚

525

526

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

A total of 110 species and 15 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 49% (71/145) species and 90% (26/29) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-195

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Rutaceae

Rutaceae 芸香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. pedunculata (L.) Miq.

山油柑

11 11

Aegle 木橘属 A. marmelos (L.) Corrêa

Volume 11

Acronychia 山油柑属

木橘

11 11

Atalantia 酒饼簕属 A. buxifolia (Poir.) Oliv.

酒饼簕

11

A. henryi (Swingle) C. C. Huang

思茅酒饼簕

11

A. kwangtungensis Merr.

广东酒饼勒

11 11

Boenninghausenia 石椒草属 B. albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn.

臭节草

11

B. sessilicarpa Lévl.

石椒草

11 11

Casimiroa 香肉果属 C. edulis La Llave

香肉果

11 11

Citrus 柑橘属 C. aurantium L.

酸橙

11

C. ichangensis Swingle

宜昌橙

11

C. junos Siebold ex Tanaka

香橙

11

C. limon (L.) Burm. f.

柠檬

11

C. limonia Osbeck

黎檬

11

C. macroptera var. kerrii Swingle

马蜂橙

11

C. maxima (Burm.) Merr.

柚

11

C. medica L.

香橼

11

C. medica var. sarcodactylis Swingle

佛手

11

C. paradisi Macfad.

葡萄柚

11

C. reticulata Blanco

柑橘

11

C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck

甜橙

11

C. swinglei Burkill ex Harms

长叶金橘

11 11

Clausena 黄皮属 C. anisata (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth.

八角黄皮

11

C. anisum-olens (Blanco) Merr.

细叶黄皮

11

C. dunniana H. Lév.

齿叶黄皮

11

C. dunniana var. robusta (Tanaka) Huang

毛齿叶黄皮

11

C. emarginata Huang

小黄皮

11

C. excavata Burm. f.

假黄皮

11

C. lansium (Lour.) Skeels

黄皮

11

C. lenis Drake

光滑黄皮

11

C. sanki (Perr.) Molino

鸡皮果

11

C. vestita Tao

毛叶黄皮

11 11

Dictamnus 白鲜属 D. dasycarpus Turcz.

白鲜

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Rutaceae 芸香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Evodia 吴茱萸属 E. austrosinensis Hand.-Mazz.

华南吴萸

11

E. calcicola Chun ex Huang

石山吴萸

11

E. daniellii (Benn.) Hemsl.

臭檀吴萸

11

E. fargesii Dode

臭辣吴萸

11

E. glabrifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) Huang

楝叶吴萸

11

E. henryi Dode

密序吴萸

11

E. lenticellata Huang

蜜楝吴萸

11

E. lepta (Spreng.) Merr.

三桠苦

11

E. lepta var. cambodiana (Pierre) Huang

毛三桠苦

11

E. ridleyi Hochr.

细裂三桠苦

11

E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.

吴茱萸

11

E. rutaecarpa var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang

波氏吴萸

11

E. rutaecarpa var. officinalis (Dode) Huang

石虎

11

E. simplicifolia Ridl.

单叶吴萸

11

E. simplicifolia var. pubescens Huang

毛单叶吴萸

11

E. trichotoma (Lour.) Pierre

牛紏吴萸

11

E. trichotoma var. pubescens Huang

毛牛紏吴萸

11 11

Evodiella 木桔属 E. muelleri (Engl.) B. L. Linden

小尤第木

11 11

Flindersia 巨盘木属 F. australis R. Br.

南方巨盘木

11

F. brayleyana F. Muell.

亮材巨盘木

11

F. schottiana F. Muell.

史科巨盘木

11 11

Fortunella 金橘属 F. hindsii (Champ. et Benth.) Swingle

山橘

11

F. japonica (Thunb.) Swingle

金柑

11

F. margarita (Lour.) Swingle

金橘

11

F. venosa (Champ. ex Benth.) Huang

金豆

11 11

Glycosmis 山小橘属 G. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Pierre ex Engl.

山橘树

11

G. craibii Tanaka

毛山小橘

11

G. craibii var. glabra (Craib) Tanaka

光叶山小橘

11

G. esquirolii (H. Lév.) Tanaka

锈毛山小橘

11

G. lucida Wall. ex Huang

亮叶山小橘

11

G. montana Pierre

海南山小橘

11

G. parviflora (Sims) Kurz

小花山小橘

11

G. pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa

山小橘

11 11

Luvunga 三叶藤橘属 L. scandens (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight et Arn.

三叶藤橘

11 11

Micromelum 小芸木属 M. falcatum (Lour.) Tanaka

大管

11

M. hirsutum Oliv.

粗毛小芸木

11

M. integerrimum (Buch.-Ham.) Roem.

小芸木

11

M. integerrimum var. mollissimum Tanaka

毛叶小芸木

11

527

528

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Rutaceae 芸香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Murraya 九里香属 M. alata Drake

翼叶九里香

11

M. euchrestifolia Hayata

豆叶九里香

11

M. exotica L.

九里香

11

M. koenigii (L.) Spreng.

调料九里香

11

M. kwangsiensis (Huang) Huang

广西九里香

11

M. paniculata (L.) Jack

千里香

11

M. tetramera Huang

四数九里香

11 11

Naringi 柑果子属 N. crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson

柑果子

11

Orixa 臭常山属 O. japonica Thunb.

11

臭常山

11 11

Paramignya 单叶藤橘属 P. confertifolia Swingle

单叶藤橘

11

P. rectispina Craib

直刺藤橘

11 11

Phellodendron 黄檗属 P. amurense Rupr.

黄檗

11

P. chinense Schneid.

川黄檗

11

P. chinense var. glabriusculum Schneid.

秃叶黄檗

11 11

Poncirus 枳属 P. polyandra S. Q. Ding, X. N. Zhang, Z. R. Bao et M. Q. Liang

富民枳

11

P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.

枳

11 11

Psilopeganum 裸芸香属 P. sinense Hemsl.

裸芸香

11 11

Ptelea 榆橘属 P. serrata Small

齿叶榆橘

11

P. trifoliata L.

榆橘

11 11

Ravenia 荆笛香属 R. spectabilis (Lindl.) Engl.

古巴拉贝木

R. graveolens L.

11 11

Ruta 芸香属 芸香

11 11

Skimmia 茵芋属 S. arborescens Anders.

乔木茵芋

11

S. japonica Thunb.

日本茵芋

11

S. laureola Sieb. et Zucc. ex Walp.

月桂茵芋

11

S. reevesiana Fort.

茵芋

11 11

Toddalia 飞龙掌血属 T. asiatica (L.) Lam.

飞龙掌血

11

Vepris 白铁木属 V. undulata Verdoorn et C. A. Smith

11

披针叶白铁木

11 11

Zanthoxylum 花椒属 Z. acanthopodium DC.

刺花椒

11

Z. acanthopodium var. timbor Hook. f.

毛刺花椒

11

Z. ailanthoides Siebold et Zucc.

椿叶花椒

11

Z. armatum DC.

竹叶花椒

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

529

continued Rutaceae 芸香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Z. armatum var. ferrugineum (Rehd. et Wils.) Huang

毛竹叶花椒

11

Z. austrosinense Huang

岭南花椒

11

Z. avicennae (Lam.) DC.

簕欓花椒

11

Z. beecheyanum K. Koch

胡椒木

11

Z. bungeanum Maxim.

花椒

11

Z. calcicola Huang

石山花椒

11

Z. dissitum Hemsl.

砚壳花椒

11

Z. echinocarpum Hemsl.

刺壳花椒

11

Z. esquirolii Lévl.

贵州花椒

11

Z. laetum Drake

拟砚壳花椒

11

Z. micranthum Hemsl.

小花花椒

11

Z. molle Rehd.

朵花椒

11

Z. myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f.

大叶臭花椒

11

Z. myriacanthum var. pubescens (Huang) Huang

毛大叶臭花椒

11

Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC.

两面针

11

Z. ovalifolium Wight

异叶花椒

11

Z. ovalifolium var. spinifolium (Rehd. et Wlis.) Huang

刺异叶花椒

11

Z. oxyphyllum Edgew.

尖叶花椒

11

Z. piasezkii Maxim.

川陕花椒

11

Z. scandens Blume

花椒簕

11

Z. schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc.

青花椒

11

Z. simulans Hance

野花椒

11

Z. stenophyllum Hemsl.

狭叶花椒

11

Z. xichouense Huang

西畴花椒

11

196. Sabiaceae 清风藤科 Trees, shrubs, or woody climbers. Leaves alternate, simple or odd pinnate; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual or polygamous, often in cymes or panicles or sometimes solitary; sepals and petals usually 5; stamens 5, opposite to petals; disc small, cupular or annular; ovary superior and sessile. Fruit a drupe with 1 or 2 carpels; seed solitary. Three genera and ca. 80 species occur in tropical regions and East Asia, Central and South America. Two genera and 58 species found in China. A total of 24 species, two subspecies and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least eight Sabia campanulata ssp. ritchieae 鄂西清风藤 botanical gardens. A number of 45% (26/58) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

530

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-196

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sabiaceae

Sabiaceae 清风藤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Meliosma 泡花树属 M. angustifolia Merr.

狭叶泡花树

11

M. arnottiana (Wight) Walp.

南亚泡花树

11

M. beaniana Rehd. et Wils.

珂楠树

11

M. cuneifolia Franch.

泡花树

11

M. flexuosa Pamp.

垂枝泡花树

11

M. fordii Hemsl.

香皮树

11

M. henryi Diels

贵州泡花树

11

M. myriantha var. discolor Dunn

异色泡花树

11

M. myriantha var. pilosa (Lecomte) Law

柔毛泡花树

11

M. oldhamii Maxim.

红柴枝

11

M. paupera Hand.-Mazz.

狭序泡花树

11

M. rigida Sieb. et Zucc.

笔罗子

11

M. simplicifolia (Roxb.) Walp.

单叶泡花树

11

M. thorelii Lecomte

山檨叶泡花树

11

M. velutina Rehd. et Wils.

毛泡花树

11

M. yunnanensis Franch.

云南泡花树

11

S. campanulata ssp. ritchieae (Rehd. et Wils.) Y. F. Wu

鄂西清风藤

11

S. dielsii Lévl.

平伐清风藤

11

S. discolor Dunn

灰背清风藤

11

S. emarginata Lecomte

凹萼清风藤

11

S. fasciculata Lecomte ex L. Chen

簇花清风藤

11

S. japonica Maxim.

清风藤

11

S. limoniacea Wall. ex Hook. f. et Thomson

柠檬清风藤

11

S. parviflora Wall.

小花清风藤

11

S. schumanniana Diels

四川清风藤

11

S. swinhoei Hemsl.

尖叶清风藤

11

S. yunnanensis Franch.

云南清风藤

11

S. yunnanensis ssp. latifolia (Rehd. et Wils.) Y. F. Wu

阔叶清风藤

11

11

Sabia 清风藤属

197. Salicaceae 杨柳科 Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Leaves often simple, alternate, unlobed or lobed, entire or dentate. Flowers unisexual, dioecious; catkin erect or pendulous, flowers often open before or simultaneous as leaves. Fruit a capsule, 2–4-valved. Seeds minute, base covered with white filamentous hairs. Three genera and about 620 species occur mainly in the northern hemisphere, a few in the southern hemisphere. Three genera and 462 species found in China. A total of 37 species, four varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 8% (39/462) species and all three

Populus rotundifolia var. bonatii 滇南山杨

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-197

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Salicaceae

Salicaceae 杨柳科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

C. arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv.

Volume 11

Chosenia 钻天柳属 钻天柳

11 11

Populus 杨属 P. adenopoda Maxim.

响叶杨

11

P. alba L.

银白杨

11

P. euphratica Oliv.

胡杨

11

P. lasiocarpa Oliv.

大叶杨

11

P. nigra var. italica (Moench) Koehne

钻天杨

11

P. pruinosa Schrenk

灰胡杨

11

P. purdomii Rehder

冬瓜杨

11

P. rotundifolia var. bonati (Levl.) C. Wang et Tung

滇南山杨

11

P. simonii Carr.

小叶杨

11

P. simonii var. tsinlingensis C. Wang et C. Y. Yu

秦岭小叶杨

11

P. szechuanica var. tibetica Schneid.

藏川杨

11

P. tomentosa Carr.

毛白杨

11

P. wilsonii Schneid.

椅杨

11

P. yunnanensis Dode

滇杨

11 11

Salix 柳属 S. alba L.

白柳

11

S. argyracea E. Wolf

银柳

11

S. babylonica L.

垂柳

11

S. caprea L.

黄花柳

11

S. cavaleriei Lévl.

云南柳

11

S. chaenomeloides Kimura

腺柳

11

S. cheilophila Schneid.

乌柳

11

S. cupularis Rehder

杯腺柳

11

S. dunnii Schneid.

长梗柳

11

S. gilgiana Seemen

东亚柳

11

S. gordejevii Y. L. Chang et Skv.

黄柳

11

S. gracilistyla Miq.

细柱柳

11

S. hypoleuca Seemen

小叶柳

11

S. integra Thunb.

杞柳

11

S. koreensis Anderss.

朝鲜柳

11

S. matsudana Koidz.

旱柳

11

S. matsudana f. tortuosa (Vilm.) Rehd.

龙爪柳

11

S. matsudana f. umbraculifera Rehd.

馒头柳

11

S. mesnyi Hance

粤柳

11

S. nankingensis C. Wang et Tung

南京柳

11

S. paraplesia Schneid.

康定柳

11

S. psammophila C. Wang et Ch. Y. Yang

北沙柳

11

S. sclerophylla Anderss.

硬叶柳

11

S. songarica Anderss.

准噶尔柳

11

531

532

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Salicaceae 杨柳科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. sungkianica Y. L. Chou et Skv.

松江柳

11

S. tetrasperma Roxb.

四子柳

11

S. variegata Franch.

秋华柳

11

S. wilsonii Seemen

紫柳

11

198. Salvadoraceae 刺茉莉科 Trees or shrubs. Stipules degenerated into bristles. Leaves simple, opposite, entire. Flowers small, bisexual or unisexual, arranged in racemes or panicles; calyx campanulate or ovate, 3–4-toothed or slightly 4-lobed; petals 4; stamens 4, alternate with petals; disc absent, but with 4 scaly glands; ovary superior, 2 carpels, 1–2locular. Fruit a berry or drupe; seed often 1. Three genera and nine species occur in tropical Africa and Asia. Only one species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in Azima tetracantha 四刺刺茉莉 at least one botanical garden. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-198

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Salvadoraceae

Salvadoraceae 刺茉莉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Azima 刺茉莉属 A. tetracantha Lam.

四刺刺茉莉

199. Santalaceae 檀香科 Herbs or shrubs, rarely small trees, often parasitic or semiparasitic. Leaves simple, stipules absent. Flowers small, actinomorphic, bisexual, unisexual, or sterile dioecious, rarely monoecious, grouped into cymes, umbels, panicles, racemes, spikes, or fascicled, sometimes simple axillary. Perianth slightly fleshy; ovary 1-locular or 5–12-locular (by transverse connectives); ovules 1–3. Fruit a drupe or nutlet with fleshy exocarp and crustaceous or hard endocarp; 1 seed. About 36 genera and 500 species are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions. Eight genera and 36 species found in China. A total of 13 species and two varieties of the family

Santalum album 檀香

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

533

are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 19% (7/36) species and 100% (8/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-199

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Santalaceae

Santalaceae 檀香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Buckleya 米面蓊属 B. lanceolata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq.

日本米面蓊

11 11

Dendrotrophe 寄生藤属 D. frutescens (Benth.) Danser

寄生藤

11

D. frutescens var. subquinquenervia (P. C. Tam) P. C. Tam

叉脉寄生藤

11

D. polyneura (Hu) D. D. Tao

多脉寄生藤

11 11

Osyris 沙针属 O. wightiana Wall.

沙针

11 11

Phacellaria 重寄生属 P. compressa Benth.

扁序重寄生

11

P. rigidula Benth.

鳞叶寄生木

11 11

Pyrularia 檀梨属 P. edulis (Wall.) A. DC.

檀梨

11 11

Santalum 檀香属 S. album L.

檀香

11

S. ellipticum Gaudich.

滨海夏威夷檀香

11

S. papuanum Summerh.

巴布亚檀香

11

S. spicatum A. DC.

大果澳洲檀香

11 11

Scleropyrum 硬核属 S. wallichianum (Wight et Arn.) Arn.

硬核

11

S. wallichianum var. mekongense (Gagnep.) Lecomte

无刺硬核

11 11

Thesium 百蕊草属 T. chinense Turcz.

百蕊草

11

200. Sapindaceae 无患子科 Trees or shrubs, rarely climbers. Leaves compound, often pinnate, alternate. Inflorescence cymes, panicle; flowers small, polygamous; petal basal often hairy or scaly; disc distinct; stamens often 8; ovary superior, 3-locular. Fruit 1-locular capsule or an indehiscent berry or drupe-like. About 135 genera and ca. 1500 species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, especially represented in tropical Southeast Asia. About 26 genera (one endemic) and 55 species (16 endemics, one introduced) in China. A total of 49 species, one subspecies and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11

Xanthoceras sorbifolium 文冠果

534

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

botanical gardens. A number of 60% (33/55) species and 92% (24/26) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-200

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sapindaceae

Sapindaceae 无患子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Allophylus 异木患属 A. caudatus Radlk.

波叶异木患

11

A. cobbe var. velutinus Corner

滇南异木患

11

A. hirsutus Radlk.

云南异木患

11

A. longipes Radlk.

长柄异木患

11

A. timorensis (DC.) Blume

海滨异木患

11

A. trichophyllus Merr. et Chun

毛叶异木患

11

A. viridis Radlk.

异木患

11 11

Amesiodendron 细子龙属 A. chinense (Merr.) Hu

细子龙

11

A. integrifoliolatum H. S. Lo

龙州细子龙

11

A. tienlinense H. S. Lo

田林细子龙

11

A. oligophylla (Merr. et Chun) H. S. Lo

赛木患

11

A. rubra (Roxb.) Radlk.

滇赤材

11

11

Aphania 滇赤才属

11

Arytera 滨木患属 A. littoralis Blume

滨木患

11

Boniodendron 黄梨木属 B. minus (Hemsl.) T. Chen

黄梨木

倒地铃

11 11

Delavaya 茶条木属 D. toxocarpa Franch.

11 11

Cardiospermum 倒地铃属 C. halicacabum L.

11

茶条木

11 11

Dimocarpus 龙眼属 D. confinis (How et Ho) H. S. Lo

龙荔

11

D. longan Lour.

龙眼

11

D. yunnanensis (W. T. Wang) C. Y. Wu et T. L. Ming

滇龙眼

11 11

Diploglottis D. bracteata Leenh.

昆士兰罗望子

11 11

Dodonaea 车桑子属 D. viscosa (L.) Jacq.

车桑子

11

D. viscosa ssp. angustifolia (L. f.) J. G. West

明油子

11 11

Erioglossum 赤才属 E. rubiginosum (Roxb.) Blume

赤才

11

Eurycorymbus 伞花木属 E. cavaleriei (Lévl.) Rehd. et Hand.-Mazz.

伞花木

掌叶木

11 11

Harpullia 假山萝属 H. cupanioides Roxb.

11 11

Handeliodendron 掌叶木属 H. bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehd.

11

假山萝

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Sapindaceae 无患子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Koelreuteria 栾树属 K. bipinnata Franch.

复羽叶栾树

11

K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola (Merr.) T. Chen

全缘叶栾树

11

K. elegans (Seem.) A. C. Smith

台湾栾树

11

K. paniculata Laxm.

栾树

11 11

Lepisanthes 鳞花木属 L. alata (Blume) Leenh.

马来樱桃

11

L. fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh.

大托叶鳞花木

11 11

Litchi 荔枝属 L. chinensis Sonn.

荔枝

11

Majidea 凤目栾属 M. zanguebarica J. Kirk ex Oliv.

11

黑珍珠

11 11

Mischocarpus 柄果木属 M. pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk.

褐叶柄果木

11

M. sundaicus Blume

柄果木

11 11

Nephelium 韶子属 N. chryseum Blume

韶子

11

N. lappaceum L.

红毛丹

11

N. topengii (Merr.) H. S. Lo

海南韶子

11 11

Paranephelium 假韶子属 P. hystrix W. W. Smith

云南假韶子

11

Paullinia 醒神藤属 P. cupana Kunth

呱呱拉

11 11

Pavieasia 檀栗属 P. yunnanensis H. S. Lo

11

云南檀栗

11 11

Pometia 番龙眼属 P. pinnata J. R. et G. Forst.

番龙眼

11

P. tomentosa (Blume) Teysm. et Binn.

绒毛番龙眼

11 11

Sapindus 无患子属 S. delavayi (Franch.) Radlk.

川滇无患子

11

S. mukorossi Gaertn.

无患子

11

S. rarak DC.

毛瓣无患子

11

S. trifoliatus L.

三叶无患子

11 11

Sarcotoechia S. serrata S. T. Reynolds

蕨叶罗望子

11

Schleichera 久树属 S. trijuga Willd.

久树

文冠果

11 11

Xerospermum 干果木属 X. bonii (Lecomte) Radlk.

11 11

Xanthoceras 文冠果属 X. sorbifolium Bunge

11

干果木

11

535

536

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

201. Sapotaceae 山榄科 Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, often leathery, entire. Flowers solitary or several fascicled, grouped in cymes, rarely in racemes or panicles; flowers often bisexual; calyx lobes imbricate; corolla lobes twice or as many as calyx lobes. Fruit a berry, sometimes drupe-like. Seeds brown, hard and shiny. About 53 genera and 1100 species occur pantropically. About 14 genera and 27 species found in China. A total of 23 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 59% (16/27) species and 79% (11/14) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Manilkara zapota 人心果

Table IV-201

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sapotaceae

Sapotaceae 山榄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Chrysophyllum 金叶树属 C. cainito L.

星萍果

11

C. lanceolatum var. stellatocarpon van Royen

金叶树

11

C. oliviforme L.

金枣李

11 11

Eberhardtia 梭子果属 E. aurata (Pierre ex Dubard) Lec.

锈毛梭子果

11

E. tonkinensis Lec.

梭子果

11 11

Lucuma 蛋黄果属 L. nervosa A. DC.

蛋黄果

11 11

Madhuca 紫荆木属 M. hainanensis Chun et How

海南紫荆木

11

M. longifolia (J. Koenig ex L.) J. F. Macbr.

长叶马府油

11

M. pasquieri (Dubard) Lam.

紫荆木

11 11

Manilkara 铁线子属 M. zapota (L.) van Royen

人心果

11 11

Mimusops 香榄属 M. elengi L.

香榄

11

M. zeyheri Sond.

德兰士瓦红乳树

11 11

Planchonella 山榄属 P. obovata (R. Br.) Pierre

山榄

P. grandifolia (Wall.) Baehni

龙果

11

大肉实树

11

11

Sarcosperma 肉实树属 S. arboreum Hook. f.

11 11

Pouteria 桃榄属

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

537

continued Sapotaceae 山榄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. griffithii Hook. f.

小叶肉实树

11

S. kachinense (King et Prain) Exell

绒毛肉实树

11

S. laurinum (Benth.) Hook. f.

肉实树

11 11

Sideroxylon 久榄属 S. inerme L.

海岸乳树

11 11

Sinosideroxylon 铁榄属 S. pedunculatum (Hemsl.) H. Chuang

铁榄

11

S. wightianum (Hook. et Arn.) Aubr.

革叶铁榄

11 11

Synsepalum 神秘果属 S. dulcificum Daniell

神秘果

11 11

Xantolis 刺榄属 X. boniana (Dubard) van Royen

越南刺榄

11

X. boniana var. rostrata (Merr.) van Royen

喙果刺榄

11

X. stenosepala (Hu) van Royen

滇刺榄

11

X. stenosepala var. brevistylis C. Y. Wu

短柱滇刺榄

11

202. Sargentodoxaceae 大血藤科 Liana, woody, deciduous. Stem often reddish brown. Leaves trifoliolate, alternate. Flowers unisexual, small, actinomorphic; petals 6; sepals 6, petaloid. Fruit an aggregate fruit, composed of several small fleshy berries. A total of only one species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-202

Sargentodoxa cuneata 大血藤

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sargentodoxaceae

Sargentodoxaceae 大血藤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

11

Sargentodoxa 大血藤属 S. cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils.

Volume

大血藤

11

203. Sarraceniaceae 瓶子草科 Herbs, perennial (carnivorous), rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous, scapose; rhizomes with alternate deltate scales. Stems absent. Leaves (henceforth referred to as pitchers) rosette-forming, alternate, developing into hollow tubes; stipules absent; petiole clasping, dilated; blade green, yellow-green, reddish, or purplish, often distinctly red, pink, or green, purple-veined or-blotched, sometimes white-areolate, winged laterally along its length, usually prominently costate, surfaces of pitcher and hood glabrous or hairy and minutely glandular;

538

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

orifice with thickened, revolute rim; hoods variously arranged in association with orifices. Inflorescences: solitary flowers, arising from growing tip of rhizome. Flowers bisexual, nodding; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 5; petals 5, distinct; stamens 15 or 50–100, distinct or slightly fascicled; anthers laterally dehiscent; pistils 1, 5-carpellate; ovary superior, 5-locular; placentation axile to parietal; ovules anatropous, bitegmic, tenuinucellate; styles 1, terminal; stigmas 5, distal. Fruits capsular, globose to Sarracenia purpurea 紫花瓶子草 ovoid or obconic, shallowly 5- or 10-lobed, tuberculate, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 400–1000, tan, irregularly clavate to reniform-obovate; embryo straight; endosperm copious, oily. Three genera and 22 species occur in North and South America. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. Table IV-203

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sarraceniaceae

Sarraceniaceae 瓶子草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Sarracenia 瓶子草属 S. leucophylla Raf.

长叶瓶子草

11

S. purpurea L.

紫花瓶子草

11

204. Saururaceae 三白草科 Herbs perennial. Stems erect or prostrate, with distinct nodes. Stipules adnate to petioles. Flowers bisexual, in dense spikes or racemes; bracts conspicuous; perianth absent; stamens usually 3, 6 or 8; pistils of 3–4 carpels; styles free. Fruit a schizocarp or apically dehiscent capsule. Four genera and ca. six species occur in East and South Asia, North America. Three genera and four species found in China. A total of 5 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 100% (4/4) species and 100% (3/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-204

Houttuynia cordata 蕺菜

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Saururaceae

Saururaceae 三白草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Gymnotheca 裸蒴属 G. chinensis Decne.

裸蒴

11

G. involucrata Pei

白苞裸蒴

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Saururaceae 三白草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Houttuynia 蕺菜属 H. cordata Thunb.

蕺菜

11 11

Saururus 三白草属 S. cernuus L.

垂花三白草

11

S. chinensis (Lour.) Baill.

三白草

11

205. Saxifragaceae 虎耳草科 Herbs perennial, shrubs, small trees or vines. Leaves simple or compound, alternate or opposite, estipulate. Inflorescence usually cymes, panicle or raceme; flowers often bisexual; sepals sometimes petallike; corolla often actinomorphic; petals generally free. Fruit a capsule, berry, follicle or drupe. About 80 genera and 1200 species occur worldwide. About 28 genera and 657 species found in China. A total of 113 species, six varieties, and one form of the family are cultivated at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 16% (104/657) species and 75% (21/28) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-205

Saxifraga aculeata 卵心叶虎耳草

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Saxifragaceae

Saxifragaceae 虎耳草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Astilbe 落新妇属 A. chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Sav.

落新妇

11

A. grandis Stapf ex Wils.

大落新妇

11

A. rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

溪畔落新妇

11

A. rivularis var. myriantha (Diels) J. T. Pan

多花落新妇

11

A. rubra Hook. f. et Thomson

腺萼落新妇

11 11

Bergenia 岩白菜属 B. crassifolia (L.) Fritsch

厚叶岩白菜

11

B. pacumbis (Buch.-Ham.) C. Y. Wu et J. T. Pan

舌岩白菜

11

B. purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thomson) Engl.

岩白菜

11

B. scopulosa T. P. Wang

秦岭岩白菜

11 11

Brexia 胡桃桐属 B. madagascariensis (Lam.) Thouars ex Ker Gawl.

伯力木

C. moellendorffii (Hance) Migo

11 11

Cardiandra 草绣球属 草绣球

11

539

540

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Saxifragaceae 虎耳草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Chrysosplenium 金腰属 C. davidianum Decne. ex Maxim.

锈毛金腰

11

C. hydrocotylifolium Lévl. et Vant.

天葫荽金腰

11

C. japonicum (Maxim.) Makino

日本金腰

11

C. macrophyllum Oliv.

大叶金腰

11

C. serreanum Hand.-Mazz.

互叶金腰

11

C. sinicum Maxim.

中华金腰

11 11

Decumaria 赤壁木属 D. sinensis Oliv.

赤壁木

11

Deinanthe 叉叶蓝属 D. caerulea Stapf

11

叉叶蓝

11 11

Deutzia 溲疏属 D. calycosa Rehd.

大萼溲疏

11

D. crenata Sieb. et Zucc.

齿叶溲疏

11

D. discolor Hemsl.

异色溲疏

11

D. glauca Cheng

黄山溲疏

11

D. glomeruliflora Franch.

球花溲疏

11

D. grandiflora Bunge

大花溲疏

11

D. longifolia Franch.

长叶溲疏

11

D. ningpoensis Rehd.

宁波溲疏

11

D. parviflora Bunge

小花溲疏

11

D. pulchra Vidal

美丽溲疏

11

D. purpurascens (Franch. ex L. Henry) Rehd.

紫花溲疏

11

D. rubens Rehd.

粉红溲疏

11

D. scabra Thunb.

溲疏

11

D. schneideriana Rehd.

长江溲疏

11

D. setchuenensis Franch.

四川溲疏

11

D. staminea R. Br. ex Wall.

长柱溲疏

11

D. vilmorinae Lemoine et Bois

长梗溲疏

11 11

Dichroa 常山属 D. daimingshanensis Y. C. Wu

大明常山

11

D. febrifuga Lour.

常山

11

D. yaoshanensis Y. C. Wu

罗蒙常山

11 11

Heuchera 矾根属 H. americana L.

美洲矾根

11 11

Hydrangea 绣球属 H. aspera D. Don

马桑绣球

11

H. bretschneideri Dipp.

东陵绣球

11

H. chinensis Maxim.

中国绣球

11

H. davidii Franch.

西南绣球

11

H. heteromalla D. Don

微绒绣球

11

H. kwangsiensis Hu

粤西绣球

11

H. lingii Hoo

狭叶绣球

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Saxifragaceae 虎耳草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. longipes Franch.

莼兰绣球

11

H. macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.

绣球

11

H. paniculata Sieb.

圆锥绣球

11

H. quercifolia Bartram

栎叶绣球

11

H. robusta Hook. f. et Thomson

粗枝绣球

11

H. serrata f. acuminata (Sieb. et Zucc.) E. H. Wilson

泽八绣球

11

H. stenophylla Merr. et Chen

柳叶绣球

11

H. strigosa Rehd.

蜡莲绣球

11

H. xanthoneura Diels

挂苦绣球

11 11

Itea 鼠刺属 I. chinensis Hook. et Arn.

鼠刺

11

I. coriacea Y. C. Wu

厚叶鼠刺

11

I. glutinosa Hand.-Mazz.

腺鼠刺

11

I. ilicifolia Oliv.

冬青叶鼠刺

11

I. macrophylla Wall. ex Roxb.

大叶鼠刺

11

I. oblonga Hand.-Mazz.

矩形叶鼠刺

11

I. parviflora Hemsl.

小花鼠刺

11

I. riparia Coll. et Hemsl.

河岸鼠刺

11

I. yangchunensis S. Y. Jin

阳春鼠刺

11

I. yunnanensis Franch.

滇鼠刺

11 11

Mukdenia 槭叶草属 M. rossii (Oliv.) Koidz.

槭叶草

11 11

Parnassia 梅花草属 P. amoena Diels

南川梅花草

11

P. crassifolia Franch.

鸡心梅花草

11

P. delavayi Franch.

突隔梅花草

11

P. wightiana Wall. ex Wight et Arn.

鸡肫梅花草

11 11

Penthorum 扯根菜属 P. chinense Pursh

扯根菜

11 11

Philadelphus 山梅花属 P. brachybotrys Koehne ex Vilm. et Bois

短序山梅花

11

P. coronarius L.

欧洲山梅花

11

P. delavayi L. Henry

云南山梅花

11

P. henryi Koehne

滇南山梅花

11

P. incanus Koehne

山梅花

11

P. inodorus L.

大花山梅花

11

P. pekinensis Rupr.

太平花

11

P. schrenkii Rupr.

东北山梅花

11

P. schrenkii var. mandshuricus (Maxim.) Kitagawa

毛盘山梅花

11

P. sericanthus Koehne

绢毛山梅花

11

P. sericanthus var. kulingensis (Koehne) Hand.-Mazz.

牯岭山梅花

11

P. tenuifolius Rupr. ex Maxim.

薄叶山梅花

11

Pileostegia 冠盖藤属

11

541

542

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Saxifragaceae 虎耳草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. tomentella Hand.-Mazz.

星毛冠盖藤

11

P. viburnoides Hook. f. et Thomson

冠盖藤

11 11

Platycrater 蛛网萼属 P. arguta Sieb. et Zucc.

蛛网萼

11

Polyosma 多香木属 P. cambodiana Gagnep.

11

多香木

11 11

Ribes 茶藨子属 R. alpestre Wall. ex Decne.

长刺茶藨子

11

R. alpestre var. giganteum Jancz.

大刺茶藨子

11

R. alpinum L.

高山茶藨子

11

R. burejense Fr. Schmidt

刺果茶藨子

11

R. cynosbati L.

北美刺茶藨

11

R. fasciculatum Sieb. et Zucc.

簇花茶藨子

11

R. fasciculatum var. chinense Maxim.

华蔓茶藨子

11

R. glabricalycinum L. T. Lu

光萼茶藨子

11

R. glaciale Wall.

冰川茶藨子

11

R. komarovii Pojark.

长白茶藨子

11

R. longiracemosum Franch.

长序茶藨子

11

R. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kom.

东北茶藨子

11

R. mandshuricum var. subglabrum Kom.

光叶东北茶藨子

11

R. maximowiczii Batalin

华西茶藨子

11

R. moupinense Franch.

宝兴茶藨子

11

R. odoratum Wendl.

香茶藨子

11

R. rubrum L.

红茶藨子

11

R. setchuense Jancz.

四川茶藨子

11

R. takare D. Don

渐尖茶藨子

11 11

Rodgersia 鬼灯檠属 R. aesculifolia Batalin

七叶鬼灯檠

11

R. pinnata Franch.

羽叶鬼灯擎

11

R. podophylla Gray

鬼灯檠

11

R. sambucifolia Hemsl.

西南鬼灯檠

11 11

Saxifraga 虎耳草属 S. aculeata Balf. f.

卵心叶虎耳草

11

S. fortunei Hook. f.

齿瓣虎耳草

11

S. mengtzeana Engl. et Irmsch.

蒙自虎耳草

11

S. rufescens Balf. f.

红毛虎耳草

11

S. stolonifera Curt.

虎耳草

11

S. unguipetala Engl. et Irmsch.

鄂西虎耳草

11 11

Schizophragma 钻地风属 S. hydrangeoides Sieb. et Zucc.

绣球钻地风

11

S. integrifolium Oliv.

钻地风

11 11

Tiarella 黄水枝属 T. polyphylla D. Don

黄水枝

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

206. Schisandraceae 五味子科 Vines, woody. Leaves alternate, often with visible and transparent glands; petioles slender, stipules absent. Plants; flowers unisexual, dioecious, solitary in axils of leaves, sometimes several fascicled in leaf axils or short shoots; perianth segments 6–24, arranged in 2 or more whorls. Male flowers: stamens 120, a few 4 or 5, free or connate into fleshy androecium, filaments short or absent. Female flowers: pistils 12–300, free, arranged in spherical or oval synandria, ovules 2–5 per carpel, anatropous, rarely 11 ovules. Fruit aggregates of apocarps, globose or spicate. Two genera and 39 species occur mainly in East and Southeast Asia, but one species of Schisandra in North America. Two genera and 27 species found in China. A total of 18 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 56% (15/27) species and 100% (2/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-206

Kadsura coccinea 黑老虎

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Schisandraceae

Schisandraceae 五味子科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Kadsura 南五味子属 K. ananosma Kerr

中泰南五味子

11

K. coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith

黑老虎

11

K. heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib

异形南五味子

11

K. interior A. C. Smith

凤庆南五味子

11

K. japonica (L.) Dunal

日本南五味子

11

K. longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep.

南五味子

11

K. oblongifolia Merr.

冷饭藤

11 11

Schisandra 五味子属 S. chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

五味子

11

S. glaucescens Diels

金山五味子

11

S. grandiflora (Wall.) Hook. f. et Thomson

大花五味子

11

S. henryi Clarke

翼梗五味子

11

S. henryi var. yunnanensis A. C. Smith

滇五味子

11

S. incarnata Stapf

兴山五味子

11

S. neglecta A. C. Smith

滇藏五味子

11

S. plena A. C. Smith

重瓣五味子

11

S. propinqua (Wall.) Baill.

合蕊五味子

11

S. propinqua var. sinensis Oliv.

铁箍散

11

S. rubriflora (Franch). Rehd. et Wils.

红花五味子

11

S. sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils.

华中五味子

11

S. viridis A. C. Smith

绿叶五味子

11

543

544

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

207. Scrophulariaceae 玄参科 Herbs, shrubs, a few trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, estipulate. Inflorescences racemose, spicate, or cymose, often aggregate into panicles. Flowers often irregular. Corolla 4–5-lobed, unequal or bilabiate; stamens usually 4, one degenerated; disc often annular, copular or small glandular; ovary 2-locular, rarely 1-locular; stigma capitate, 2-lobed or 2-flaked; ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule, rarely berry like. About 220 genera and 4500 species widely spread cosmopolitan. About 57 genera and 812 species found throughout Mazus stachydifolius 弹刀子菜 China, mostly diversity in Southwest China. A total of 143 species and one subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 12% (99/812) species and 61% (35/57) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-207

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae 玄参科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Adenosma 毛麝香属 A. glutinosum (L.) Druce

毛麝香

11

A. indianum (Lour.) Merr.

球花毛麝香

11

A. retusilobum Tsoong et T. L. Chin

凹裂毛麝香

11 11

Angelonia 香彩雀属 A. gardneri Hook.

香彩雀

11

A. salicariifolia Humb. et Bonpl.

天使花

11 11

Antirrhinum 金鱼草属 A. majus L.

金鱼草

11 11

Bacopa 假马齿苋属 B. caroliniana (Walter) B. L. Rob.

巴戈草

11

B. diffusus (Willd. ex Cham. et Schltdl.) Loefgr. et Edwall

百可花

11

B. floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst

麦花草

11

B. monnieri (L.) Wettst.

假马齿苋

11 11

Brandisia 来江藤属 B. discolor Hook. f. et Thomson

异色来江藤

11

B. hancei Hook. f.

来江藤

11

B. racemosa Hemsl.

总花来江藤

11 11

Calceolaria 蒲包花属 C. crenatiflora Cav.

蒲包花

11 11

Centranthera 胡麻草属 C. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.

胡麻草

11

C. grandiflora Benth.

大花胡麻草

11

C. tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr.

矮胡麻草

11

Craterostigma 碗柱草属

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Scrophulariaceae 玄参科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. plantagineum Hochst.

碗柱草

11

C. pumilum Hochst.

矮生碗柱草

11 11

Cymbalaria 蔓柳穿鱼属 C. muralis P. Gaertn., B. Mey. et Scherb.

蔓柳穿鱼

11 11

Digitalis 毛地黄属 D. grandiflora Mill.

大花毛地黄

11

D. lutea L.

黄花毛地黄

11

D. purpurea L.

毛地黄

11 11

Dodartia 野胡麻属 D. orientalis L.

野胡麻

11

Dopatrium 虻眼属 D. junceum (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.

虻眼

小米草

沟繁缕状舌柱草

白花水八角

日本珍珠草

鞭打绣球

北极杉

11 11

Leucophyllum 玉芙蓉属 L. frutescens I. M. Johnst.

11 11

Hydrotriche 水松尾属 H. hottoniiflora Zucc.

11 11

Hemiphragma 鞭打绣球属 H. heterophyllum Wall.

11 11

Hemianthus 婴泪草属 H. micranthemoides Nutt.

11 11

Gratiola 水八角属 G. japonica Miq.

11 11

Glossostigma 舌柱草属 G. elatinoides (Benth.) Hook. f.

11 11

Euphrasia 小米草属 E. pectinata Ten.

11

红花玉芙蓉

11 11

Limnophila 石龙尾属 L. aromatica (Lam.) Merr.

紫苏草

11

L. chinensis (Osb.) Merr.

中华石龙尾

11

L. connata (Ham.) Hand.-Mazz.

抱茎石龙尾

11

L. erecta Benth.

直立石龙尾

11

L. heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth.

异叶石龙尾

11

L. indica (L.) Druce

有梗石龙尾

11

L. rugosa (Roth) Merr.

大叶石龙尾

11

L. sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume

石龙尾

11 11

Linaria 柳穿鱼属 L. bipartita (Vent.) Willd.

小龙口花

11

L. bungei Kuprian.

紫花柳穿鱼

11

L. maroccana Hook. f.

姬金鱼草

11

L. vulgaris Mill.

柳穿鱼

11 11

Lindenbergia 钟萼草属 L. philippensis (Chum.) Benth.

钟萼草

11

L. ruderalis (Vahl) Kuntze

野地钟萼草

11

545

546

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Scrophulariaceae 玄参科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Lindernia 母草属 L. anagallis (Burch. f.) Pennell

长蒴母草

11

L. angustifolia (Benth.) Wettst.

狭叶母草

11

L. antipoda (L.) Alston

泥花草

11

L. ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell

刺齿泥花草

11

L. crustacea (L.) F. Muell.

母草

11

L. dictyophora Tsoong

网萼母草

11

L. hyssopioides (L.) Haines

尖果母草

11

L. montana (Blume) Koord.

红骨草

11

L. nummulariifolia (D. Don) Wettst.

宽叶母草

11

L. procumbens (Kroch.) Philcox

陌上菜

11

L. pusilla (Willd.) Boldingh

细茎母草

11

L. rotundifolia (L.) Alston

圆叶母草

11

L. ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell

旱田草

11

L. setulosa (Maxim.) Tuyama ex Hara

刺毛母草

11

L. tenuifolia (Colsm.) Alston

细叶母草

11

L. urticifolia (Hance) Bonati

荨麻叶母草

11

L. viscosa (Hornem.) Bold.

粘毛母草

11 11

Lophospermum 冠子藤属 L. erubescens D. Don

冠子藤

11 11

Mazus 通泉草属 M. caducifer Hance

早落通泉草

11

M. gracilis Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl.

纤细通泉草

11

M. japonicus (Thunb.) Kuntze

通泉草

11

M. miquelii Makino

匍茎通泉草

11

M. omeiensis Li

岩白翠

11

M. pulchellus Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl.

美丽通泉草

11

M. saltuarius Hand.-Mazz.

林地通泉草

11

M. stachydifolius (Turcz.) Maxim.

弹刀子菜

11 11

Mecardonia 伏胁花属 M. procumbens (P. Mill.) Small

黄花过长沙舅

M. roseum Maxim.

山罗花

黑蒴

微花草

11 11

Microcarpaea 小果草属 M. minima (Koen.) Merr

11 11

Micranthemum 小泥花属 M. umbrosum (J. F. Gmel.) Blake

11 11

Melasma 黑蒴属 M. arvense (Benth.) Hand.-Mazz.

11 11

Melampyrum 山罗花属

小果草

11 11

Mimulus 沟酸浆属 M. bodinieri Vant.

匍生沟酸浆

11

M. szechuanensis Pai

四川沟酸浆

11

M. tenellus Bunge

沟酸浆

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Scrophulariaceae 玄参科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

M. savatieri Franch. ex Maxim

沙氏鹿茸草

龙面花

疗齿草

11 11

Otacanthus 蓝金花属 O. azureus (Lind.) Ronse

11 11

Odontites 疗齿草属 O. serotina (Lam.) Dum.

11 11

Nemesia 龙面花属 N. strumosa Benth.

Volume 11

Monochasma 鹿茸草属

蓝金花

11 11

Paulownia 泡桐属 P. elongata S. Y. Hu

兰考泡桐

11

P. fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl.

白花泡桐

11

P. tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.

毛泡桐

11 11

Pedicularis 马先蒿属 P. grandiflora Fisch.

野苏子

11

P. lachnoglossa Hook. f.

绒舌马先蒿

11

P. siphonantha D. Don

管花马先蒿

11

P. tongolensis Franch.

东俄洛马先蒿

11

P. tricolor Hand.-Mazz.

三色马先蒿

11 11

Penstemon 钓钟柳属 P. barbatus (Cav.) Roth

红花钓钟柳

P. japonicum (Thunb.) Kanitz

松蒿

苦玄参

11 11

Picrorhiza 胡黄连属 P. scrophulariiflora Pennell

11 11

Picria 苦玄参属 P. felterrae Lour.

11 11

Phtheirospermum 松蒿属

胡黄连

11 11

Rehmannia 地黄属 R. chingii Li

天目地黄

11

R. glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey.

地黄

11

R. piasezkii Maxim.

裂叶地黄

11 11

Russelia 爆仗竹属 R. equisetiformis Schltdl. et Cham.

爆仗竹

11

Scoparia 野甘草属 S. dulcis L.

11

野甘草

11 11

Scrophularia 玄参属 S. buergeriana Miq.

北玄参

11

S. henryi Hemsl.

鄂西玄参

11

S. incisa Weinm.

砾玄参

11

S. ningpoensis Hemsl.

玄参

11 11

Siphonostegia 阴行草属 S. chinensis Benth.

阴行草

11

S. laeta S. Moore

腺毛阴行草

11

Stemodia 孪生花属

11

547

548

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Scrophulariaceae 玄参科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.

轮叶孪生花

11 11

Striga 独脚金属 S. asiatica (L.) O. Kuntze

独脚金

11 11

Torenia 蝴蝶草属 T. asiatica L.

长叶蝴蝶草

11

T. benthamiana Hance

毛叶蝴蝶草

11

T. biniflora Chin et Hong

二花蝴蝶草

11

T. concolor Lindl.

单色蝴蝶草

11

T. flava Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.

黄花蝴蝶草

11

T. fordii Hook. f.

紫斑蝴蝶草

11

T. fournieri Linden. ex Fourn

兰猪耳

11

T. glabra Osbeck

光叶蝴蝶草

11

T. violacea (Azaola ex Blanco) Pennell

紫萼蝴蝶草

11 11

Verbascum 毛蕊花属 V. chaixii Vill.

东方毛蕊花

11

V. songoricum Schrenk ex Fisch. et Mey.

准噶尔毛蕊花

11

V. thapsus L.

毛蕊花

11 11

Veronica 婆婆纳属 V. anagallis-aquatica L.

北水苦荬

11

V. arvensis L.

直立婆婆纳

11

V. beccabunga L.

有柄水苦荬

11

V. didyma Tenore

婆婆纳

11

V. henryi Yamazaki

华中婆婆纳

11

V. javanica Blume

多枝婆婆纳

11

V. longifolia L.

兔儿尾苗

11

V. officinalis L.

药用婆婆纳

11

V. peregrina L.

蚊母草

11

V. persica Poir.

阿拉伯婆婆纳

11

V. serpyllifolia L.

小婆婆纳

11

V. spicata L.

穗花婆婆纳

11

V. undulata Wall.

水苦荬

11 11

Veronicastrum 腹水草属 V. axillare (Sieb. et Zucc.) Yamazaki

爬岩红

11

V. caulopterum (Hance) Yamazaki

四方麻

11

V. latifolium (Hemsl.) Yamazaki

宽叶腹水草

11

V. longispicatum (Merr.) Yamazaki

长穗腹水草

11

V. sibiricum (L.) Pennell

草本威灵仙

11

V. stenostachyum (Hemsl.) Yamazaki

腹水草

11

V. stenostachyum ssp. plukenetii (Yamaz.) Hong

细穗腹水草

11

V. villosulum (Miq.) Yamaxaki

毛叶腹水草

11 11

Wightia 美丽桐属 W. speciosissima (D. Don) Merr.

美丽桐

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

549

208. Simaroubaceae 苦木科 Trees or shrubs often bitter bark. Leaves often pinnate compound, a few simple; stipules absent or caducous. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, panicleculate or cymose, rarely spicate; flowers small, actinomorphic, unisexual, bisexual or polygamous; sepals and petals 3–5; disc annular or cupular; stamens as many as petals or twice; anthers oblong, versatile; ovary 2–5-loculed or carpel free. Fruit a samara, drupe or capsule, often indehiscent. Twenty genera and ca. 95 species occur mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, some species in temperate regions. Five genera and 14 species found in China. Harrisonia perforata 牛筋果 A total of 11 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 71% (10/14) species and 80% (4/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-208

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Simaroubaceae

Simaroubaceae 苦木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Ailanthus 臭椿属 A. altissima (Mill.) Swingle

臭椿

11

A. altissima var. sutchuenensis (Dode) Rehd. et Wils.

大果臭椿

11

A. fordii Noot.

常绿臭椿

11

A. triphysa (Dennst.) Alston

岭南臭椿

11

A. vilmoriniana Dode

刺臭椿

11 11

Brucea 鸦胆子属 B. javanica (L.) Merr.

鸦胆子

11

B. mollis Wall. ex Kurz

柔毛鸦胆子

11 11

Eurycoma 马来参属 E. longifolia Jack

东革阿里

11 11

Harrisonia 牛筋果属 H. perforata (Blanco) Merr.

牛筋果

11 11

Picramnia 非洲苦木属 P. pentandra Sw.

非洲苦木

11 11

Picrasma 苦树属 P. chinensis P. Y. Chen

中国苦树

11

P. quassioides (D. Don) Benn.

苦树

11

209. Solanaceae 茄科 Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs or small trees. Stem erect, prostrate or climbing, sometimes prickly. Leave simple,

550

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

entire, undivided or divided, sometimes pinnately compound, alternate or paired of various sizes; stipules absent. Flowers solitary, fascicled or in corymbose, umbrella, racemose, panicleculate or scorpion-tail like; often 5-merous. Calyx persistent. Corolla with short tube or long tube; stamens as many as corolla lobes, alternate, homomorphic or heteromorphic. Fruit a juicy berry, dry berry or capsule. Seed disc or reniform shaped. About 95 genera and 2300 species occur mostly in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions. About 24 genera (ten introduced) and 110 species in China. Solanum torvum 水茄 A total of 80 species and 13 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 43% (47/110) species 71% (17/24) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-209

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Solanaceae

Solanaceae 茄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

11

Anisodus 山莨菪属 A. acutangulus C. Y. Wu et C. Chen

三分三

11 11

Atropa 颠茄属 A. belladonna L.

Volume

颠茄

11 11

Brugmansia 木曼陀罗属 B. aurea Lagerh.

黄花木本曼陀罗

11

B. sanguinea (Ruiz et Pav.) D. Don

红花曼陀罗

11

B. suaveolens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. et C. Presl

大花曼陀罗

11

B. versicolor Lagerh.

橙花曼陀罗

11

B. americana L.

美洲鸳鸯茉莉

11

11

Brunfelsia 鸳鸯茉莉属

B. australis Benth.

番茉莉

11

B. brasiliensis (Spreng.) L. B. Smith et Downs

鸳鸯茉莉

11

B. densifolia Krug et Urban

密叶鸳鸯茉莉

11

B. latifolia (Pohl) Benth.

长叶鸳鸯茉莉

11

B. pauciflora (Cham. et Schltdl.) Benth.

大花鸳鸯茉莉

11 11

Capsicum 辣椒属 C. annuum L.

辣椒

11

C. annuum var. conoides (Mill.) Irish

朝天椒

11

C. annuum var. fasciculatum (Sturt.) Irish

簇生椒

11

C. annuum var. grossum (L.) Sendt.

灯笼椒

11

C. baccatum L.

风铃辣椒

11

C. aurantiacum Lindl.

黄花夜香树

11

C. diurnum L.

白夜丁香

11

C. elegans (Brongn.) Schltdl.

毛茎夜香树

11

11

Cestrum 夜香树属

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Solanaceae 茄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. nocturnum L.

夜香树

11

C. parqui (Lam.) L’Hér.

智利夜来香

11 11

Cyphomandra 树番茄属 C. betacea Sendt.

树番茄

11 11

Datura 曼陀罗属 D. innoxia Mill.

毛曼陀罗

11

D. metel L.

洋金花

11

D. stramonium L.

曼陀罗

11

D. stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr.

紫花曼陀罗

11 11

Hyoscyamus 天仙子属 H. niger L.

天仙子

11

H. pusillus L.

中亚天仙子

11 11

Lycianthes 红丝线属 L. biflora (Lour.) Bitter

红丝线

11

L. biflora var. subtusochracea Bitter

密毛红丝线

11

L. lysimachioides var. sinensis Bitter

中华红丝线

11

L. macrodon (Wall.) Bitter

大齿红丝线

11

L. macrodon var. mollitersetosa Bitter

软刚毛红丝线

11

L. rantonnetii (Carrière) Bitter

蓝花茄

11

L. subtruncata (Wall.) Bitter

截萼红丝线

11

L. subtruncata var. remotidens Bitter

疏齿红丝线

11 11

Lycium 枸杞属 L. barbarum L.

宁夏枸杞

11

L. chinense Mill.

枸杞

11

L. cylindricum Kuang et A. M. Lu

柱筒枸杞

11

L. ruthenicum Murr.

黑果枸杞

11

L. yunnanense Kuang et A. M. Lu

云南枸杞

11 11

Lycopersicon 番茄属 L. esculentum Mill.

番茄

11

Nicandra 假酸浆属 N. physalodes (L.) Gaertn.

11

假酸浆

11 11

Nicotiana 烟草属 N. alata Link et Otto

花烟草

11

N. tabacum L.

烟草

11 11

Petunia 碧冬茄属 P. hybrida Vilm.

碧冬茄

P. heterophyllum (Hemsl.) Migo

11 11

Physaliastrum 散血丹属 江南散血丹

11 11

Physalis 酸浆属 P. alkekengi L.

酸浆

11

P. alkekengi var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino

挂金灯

11

P. angulata L.

苦蘵

11

P. angulata var. villosa Bonati

毛苦蘵

11

P. minima L.

小酸浆

11

551

552

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Solanaceae 茄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

智利喇叭花

11

11

Salpiglossis 美人襟属 S. sinuata Ruiz et Pav.

11

Solandra 金盏藤属 S. grandiflora Sweet

金杯藤

11

S. longiflora Tussac

长筒金杯藤

11

S. maxima (Moc. et Sessé ex Dunal) P. S. Green

大花金杯藤

11 11

Solanum 茄属 S. aculeatissimum Jacq.

喀西茄

11

S. aviculare G. Forst.

澳洲茄

11

S. barbisetum Nees

刺苞茄

11

S. coagulans Forsk

野茄

11

S. deflexicarpum C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang

苦刺

11

S. diphyllum L.

黄果龙葵

11

S. dulcamara L.

欧白英

11

S. ferox L.

毛茄

11

S. glaucophyllum Desf.

琉球柳

11

S. griffithii (Prain) C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang

膜萼茄

11

S. indicum L.

刺天茄

11

S. indicum var. recurvatum C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang

弯柄刺天茄

11

S. integrifolium Lam.

红茄

11

S. laxum Spreng.

星茄藤

11

S. lyratum Thunb.

白英

11

S. macrocarpon L.

大果茄

11

S. mammosum L.

乳茄

11

S. melongena L.

茄子

11

S. muricatum Aiton

人参果

11

S. myriacanthum Dunal

苦天茄

11

S. nigrum L.

龙葵

11

S. nigrum var. humile (Bernh. ex Willd.) C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang

矮株龙葵

11

S. photeinocarpum Nakamura et S. Odashima

少花龙葵

11

S. pittosporifolium Hemsl.

海桐叶白英

11

S. procumbens Lour.

海南茄

11

S. pseudocapsicum L.

珊瑚樱

11

S. pseudocapsicum var. diflorum (Vell.) Bitter

珊瑚豆

11

S. seaforthianum Andrews

藤茄

11

S. spirale Roxb.

旋花茄

11

S. suffruticosum Schousboe

木龙葵

11

S. surattense Burm. f.

牛茄子

11

S. torvum Swartz

水茄

11

S. tuberosum L.

马铃薯

11

S. verbascifolium L.

假烟叶树

11

S. wrightii Benth.

大花茄

11 11

Tubocapsicum 龙珠属 T. anomalum (Franch. et Savat.) Makino

龙珠

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

210. Sonneratiaceae 海桑科 Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, leathery, entire, stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, pedicellate, solitary or 2–3 fascicled on apex of branches or in corymbose inflorescences. Calyx thick leathery, 4–8-lobed, persistent; petals 4–8, alternate with calyx lobes, or apetalous; stamens numerous on upper part of calyx tube; ovary nearly superior, sessile, stigma capitate, entire or slightly lobed. Fruit an indehiscent berry or valvular dehiscent capsule; seeds numerous and small. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 100% (2/2) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-210

Sonneratia apetala 无瓣海桑

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sonneratiaceae

Sonneratiaceae 海桑科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Duabanga 八宝树属 D. grandiflora (Roxb. ex DC.) Walp.

八宝树

11 11

Sonneratia 海桑属 S. apetala Buch.-Ham.

无瓣海桑

211. Sparganiaceae 黑三棱科 Herbs perennial, aquatic or marshy. Tubers enlarged and inflated. Stem erect or oblique, emergent or floating. Leaves linear, distichous, alternate, leaf blade flat or underside of lower part keel raised or triangular. Inflorescences large panicles, racemes or spikes aggregated by capitula of many male and female flowers. Male capitula in upper part of main axis or lateral branches, male perianth membranous, and stamens usually 3 or more. Female capitula in lower part of the main axis or lateral branches. Inflorescences milky white, with several spathes, perianth segments 4–6, persistent, stigma simple or bifurcated, ovary 1-locular, ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit angular or not, exocarp thick, spongy, endocarp hard papery, seeds with membrane testa. One genus and four species found in China. A total of six species of the family are cultivated in

Sparganium fallax 曲轴黑三棱

11

553

554

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

at least five botanical gardens. A number of 100% (4/4) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-211

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sparganiaceae

Sparganiaceae 黑三棱科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Sparganium 黑三棱属 S. angustifolium Michx.

线叶黑三棱

11

S. fallax Graebn.

曲轴黑三棱

11

S. simplex Huds.

小黑三棱

11

S. stenophyllum Maxim. ex Meinsh.

狭叶黑三棱

11

S. stoloniferum (Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz.

黑三棱

11

S. yunnanense Y. D. Chen

云南黑三棱

11

212. Sphenocleaceae 尖瓣花科 Herbs annual, without latex. Leaves alternate, simple. Inflorescence a dense terminal or leaf-opposed spike, bracteate and bracteolate. Flowers sessile, bisexual, actinomorphic. Calyx epigynous, 5-lobed. Corolla epigynous, tubular, 5-lobed to middle. Stamens 5, inserted at proximal part of corolla tube, alternate with corolla lobes; filament extremely short; anther 2-celled. Ovary inferior, 2-loculed; ovules numerous, anatropous; placentation axile; stigma obscurely 2-lobed, lobes subcapitate. Fruit a capsule, oblate, circumscissile. Seeds numerous, oblong. One species is widely distributed in Old World tropics, including China. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at Sphenoclea zeylanica 楔瓣花 least one botanical garden. Only one species of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-212

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sphenocleaceae

Sphenocleaceae 尖瓣花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

11

Sphenoclea 尖瓣花属 S. zeylanica Gaertn.

Volume

尖瓣花

11

213. Stachyuraceae 旌节花科 Shrubs or small trees, sometimes climbing shrubs. The branchlets were obviously pith. Leaves alternate, margin serrate; stipules linear lanceolate, caducous. Racemes or spikes; small, regular, bisexual or dioecious

IV

flowers, 4 sepals and petals; 8 stamens, 2 rounds; ovary superior, 4-locular, ovule majority, axile placentation; style short and single, stigma capitate, 4-lobed. The fruit is berry with leathery exocarp; the seeds are small and numerous. One genus and c. eight species: E Asia; seven species (four endemics) in China. A total of 8 species, 3 varieties of the family are cultivated at least 6 botanical gardens. A number of 86% (6/7) species and the only genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-213

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

555

Stachyurus yunnanensis 云南旌节花

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Stachyuraceae

Stachyuraceae 旌节花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Stachyurus 旌节花属 S. chinensis Franch.

中国旌节花

11

S. chinensis var. cuspidatus H. L. Li

骤尖叶旌节花

11

S. chinensis var. latus H. L. Li

宽叶旌节花

11

S. himalaicus Hook. f. et Thomson ex Benth.

西域旌节花

11

S. oblongifolius Wang et Tang

矩圆叶旌节花

11

S. obovatus (Rehd.) Hand.-Mazz.

倒卵叶旌节花

11

S. retusus Y. C. Yang

凹叶旌节花

11

S. salicifolius Franch.

柳叶旌节花

11

S. salicifolius var. lancifolius C. Y. Wu ex S. K. Chen

披针叶旌节花

11

S. szechuanensis Fang

四川旌节花

11

S. yunnanensis Franch.

云南旌节花

11

214. Staphyleaceae 省沽油科 Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, odd-pinnately compound or rarely simple, serrate. Sepals, petals and stamens all 5, disc distinct or absent. Ovary superior, 3-locular, ovules 1 to several, anatropous per locule; style free or connate. Fruit a capsule like, often follicle or indehiscent drupe or berry. Seeds several, fleshy or crustaceous. Three genera and 40–50 species occur mainly in tropical or subtropical regions, especially in the northern hemisphere. Four genera and 24 species found in China. A total of 17 species and two varieties of the family Euscaphis japonica 野鸦椿 are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 63% (15/24) species and 100% (4/4) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

556

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-214

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Staphyleaceae

Staphyleaceae 省沽油科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Euscaphis 野鸦椿属 E. japonica (Thunb.) Dippel

野鸦椿

11 11

Staphylea 省沽油属 S. bumalda DC.

省沽油

11

S. colchica Stev.

科尔切斯省沽油

11

S. forrestii Balf. f.

嵩明省沽油

11

S. holocarpa Hemsl.

膀胱果

11

S. pinnata L.

羽叶省沽油

11

S. trifolia L.

美国省沽油

11 11

Tapiscia 瘿椒树属 T. sinensis Oliv.

瘿椒树

11

T. yunnanensis W. C. Cheng et C. D. Chu

云南瘿椒树

11 11

Turpinia 山香圆属 T. affinis Merr. et Perry

硬毛山香圆

11

T. arguta (Lindl.) Seem.

锐尖山香圆

11

T. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.

越南山香圆

11

T. macrosperma C. C. Huang

大籽山香圆

11

T. montana (Blume) Kurz

山香圆

11

T. montana var. glaberrima (Merr.) T. Z. Hsu

光山香圆

11

T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC.

大果山香圆

11

T. pomifera var. minor C. C. Huang

山麻风树

11

T. robusta Craib

粗壮山香圆

11

T. simplicifolia Merr.

亮叶山香圆

11

215. Stemonaceae 百部科 Herbs or subshrubs perennial, glabrous, often with fleshy tuberous roots. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled. Inflorescence axillary or adnate to midvein of leaf; flowers bisexual, regular, flowering synchronized with leafing. Perianth segments 4, in 2 whorls; stamens 4, at basal perianth segments, shorter or equal to perianth; connectives often elongate out of anther; ovary superior or nearly semi-inferior, 1-locular; style inconspicuous; stigma small. Capsule slightly compressed, ovoid, 2 valved at maturity; seeds ovoid or oblong. Four genera and c. 32 species: Asia, tropical Stemona tuberosa 大百部 Australia, one species in E North America. Two genera and eight species (five endemics) in China. A total of six species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 75% (6/8) species and 100% (2/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-215

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

557

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Stemonaceae

Stemonaceae 百部科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Croomia 黄精叶钩吻属 C. japonica Miq.

黄精叶钩吻

11 11

Stemona 百部属 S. japonica (Blume) Miq.

百部

11

S. mairei (Levl.) Krause

云南百部

11

S. parviflora C. H. Wright

细花百部

11

S. sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq.

直立百部

11

S. tuberosa Lour.

大百部

11

216. Sterculiaceae 梧桐科 Trees or shrubs. Young stems often with stellate hair, bark often with mucus and proliferous fibers. Leaves alternate, simple, palmately compound, entire, dentate or deeply lobed, often stipulate. Inflorescence axillary, panicles, cymes, racemes or corymbs; flowers unisexual, bisexual, or polygamous; sepals 5, petals 5 or absent; often androgynophore. Pistil of 2–5 syncarps or 1 carpel, ovary superior, locules as many as carpels, style 1 or as many as carpels. Fruit often a capsule or follicle, dehiscent or dehiscent. Four genera and ca. 32 species occur in Asia, tropical Australia, one species in Eastern North America. Nineteen genera and ninety species found in China. Sterculia lanceolata 假苹婆 A total of 72 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 62% (56/90) species and 84% (16/19) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-216

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sterculiaceae

Sterculiaceae 梧桐科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

11

Ambroma 昂天莲属 A. augusta (L.) L. f.

Volume

昂天莲

11 11

Brachychiton 酒瓶树属 B. acerifolius (A. Cunn. ex G. Don) F. Muell.

澳洲火焰木

11

B. australis (Schott et Endl.) A. Terracc.

澳洲桐

11

B. discolor F. Muell.

异色瓶子树

11

B. populneus (Schott et Endl.) R. Br.

杨叶瓶子树

11

B. rupestris K. Schum.

昆士兰瓶子树

11 11

Byttneria 刺果藤属 B. aspera Colebr. ex Wall.

刺果藤

11

B. integrifolia Lace

全缘刺果藤

11

558

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Sterculiaceae 梧桐科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. pilosa Roxb.

粗毛刺果藤

11 11

Cola 可乐果属 C. acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott et Endl.

尖叶可拉

11

C. nitida (Vent.) Schott et Endl.

亮叶可拉

11 11

Commersonia 山麻树属 C. bartramia (L.) Merr.

山麻树

11 11

Dombeya 非洲芙蓉属 D. burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv.

吊芙蓉

11

D. wallichii (Lindl.) Baill.

非洲芙蓉

11 11

Eriolaena 火绳树属 E. candollei Wall.

南火绳

11

E. kwangsiensis Hand.-Mazz.

桂火绳

11

E. quinquelocularis (Wight et Arn.) Wight

五室火绳

11

E. spectabilis (DC.) Planch. ex Mast.

火绳树

11 11

Erythropsis 火桐属 E. colorata (Roxb.) Burkill

火桐

11

E. kwangsiensis (Hsue) Hsue

广西火桐

11

E. pulcherrima (Hsue) Hsue

美丽火桐

11 11

Firmiana 梧桐属 F. danxiaensis H. H. Hsue et H. S. Kiu

丹霞梧桐

11

F. major (W. W. Smith) Hand.-Mazz.

云南梧桐

11

F. platanifolia (L. f.) Marsili

梧桐

11 11

Guazuma 瘤果麻属 G. ulmifolia Lam.

毛叶瓜楚麻

H. angustifolia L.

11 11

Helicteres 山芝麻属 山芝麻

11

H. elongata Wall. ex Mast.

长序山芝麻

11

H. glabriuscula Wall. ex Mast.

细齿山芝麻

11

H. hirsuta Lour.

雁婆麻

11

H. isora L.

火索麻

11

H. lanceolata DC.

剑叶山芝麻

11

H. viscida Blume

粘毛山芝麻

11

H. angustata Pierre

长柄银叶树

11

H. littoralis Dryand.

银叶树

11

H. parvifolia Merr.

蝴蝶树

11

11

Heritiera 银叶树属

11

Kleinhovia 鹧鸪麻属 K. hospita L.

鹧鸪麻

11

Melochia 马松子属 M. corchorifolia L.

马松子

11 11

Pterospermum 翅子树属 P. acerifolium Willd.

11

翅子树

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Sterculiaceae 梧桐科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. heterophyllum Hance

翻白叶树

11

P. lanceaefolium Roxb.

窄叶半枫荷

11

P. menglunense H. H. Hsue

勐仑翅子树

11

P. niveum Vidal

台湾翅子树

11

P. proteus Burk.

变叶翅子树

11

P. semisagittafolium Ham.

半箭叶翅子树

11

P. truncatolobatum Gagnep.

截裂翻白叶

11

P. yunnanense H. H. Hsue

云南翅子树

P. alata (Roxb.) R. Br.

11 11

Pterygota 翅苹婆属 翅苹婆

11 11

Reevesia 梭罗树属 R. formosana Sprague

台湾梭罗

11

R. longipetiolata Merr. et Chun

长柄梭罗

11

R. orbicularifolia Hsue

圆叶梭罗树

11

R. pubescens Mast.

梭罗树

11

R. pubescens var. siamensis (Craib) Anthony

泰梭罗

11

R. pycnantha Ling

密花梭罗树

11

R. rotundifolia Chun

粗齿梭罗

11

R. rubronervia H. H. Hsue

红脉梭罗

11

R. shangszeensis H. H. Hsue

上思梭罗

11

R. thyrsoidea Lindl.

两广梭罗

11

R. tomentosa H. L. Li

绒果梭罗

11 11

Scaphium 胖大海属 S. lychnophorum (Hance) Pierre

长粒胖大海

11 11

Sterculia 苹婆属 S. brevissima H. H. Hsue

短柄苹婆

11

S. ceramica R. Brown

台湾苹婆

11

S. euosma W. W. Smith

粉苹婆

11

S. foetida L.

香苹婆

11

S. hainanensis Merr. et Chun

海南苹婆

11

S. henryi Hemsl.

蒙自苹婆

11

S. lanceaefolia Roxb.

西蜀苹婆

11

S. lanceolata Cav.

假苹婆

11

S. nobilis Smith

苹婆

11

S. pexa Pierre

家麻树

11

S. scandens Hemsl.

河口苹婆

11

S. villosa Roxb.

绒毛苹婆

11 11

Theobroma 可可属 T. cacao L.

可可

11

蛇婆子

11

11

Waltheria 蛇婆子属 W. indica L.

559

560

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

217. Stylidiaceae 花柱草科 Herbs or small shrubs, sometimes cushion like. Leaves simple, alternate, small, often gramineous. Inflorescences racemes, cymes or loosely spike. Flowers bisexual or unisexual due to abortion, zygomorphic. Calyx and corolla 5-merous; calyx tube adnate to ovary, 2–5 lobes on eaves, usually bilabiate like. Corolla sympetalous, 5 or 6 lobes, diverse morphs; stamens 2, connate with style to form a gynostemium (column); ovary inferior. Fruit a capsule, often dehiscent; seeds minute. Four genera and ca. 320 species occur in Australia, New Zealand, Southern part of South America. One genus and two species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A number of 100% (2/2) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-217

Stylidium uliginosum 花柱草

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Stylidiaceae

Stylidiaceae 花柱草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Stylidium 花柱草属 S. tenellum Swartz

狭叶花柱草

11

S. uliginosum Swartz

花柱草

11

218. Styracaceae 安息香科 Trees or shrubs, often stellate or scaly. Leaves alternate, stipules absent. Inflorescences racemes, cymes or panicles, rarely solitary or several flowers fascicled; flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous, actinomorphic. Calyx copular, obconical or campanulate, with 4–5 teeth or lobes at apex. Corolla valved, rarely free, with 4–5 lobes; stamens often twice as corolla lobes; ovary 3–5-locular or sometimes apically 1-locular and basally 3–5-locular, with more ovule 1 or more per locule, anatropous. Fruit a drupe with fleshy exocarp or capsule, calyx persistent; seeds with broad hilum. Eleven genera and ca. 180 species occur in tropical Sinojackia xylocarpa 秤锤树 and temperate America, Asia, and Mediterranean region. Nine genera and 59 species found in China. A total of 35 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

561

A number of 54% (32/59) species and 89% (8/9) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-218

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Styracaceae

Styracaceae 安息香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Alniphyllum 赤杨叶属 A. eberhardtii Guill.

滇赤杨叶

11

A. fortunei (Hemsl.) Makino

赤杨叶

11 11

Halesia 银钟花属 H. macgregorii Chun

银钟花

11 11

Huodendron 山茉莉属 H. biaristatum (W. W. Smith) Rehd.

双齿山茉莉

11

H. tibeticum (Anthony) Rehd.

西藏山茉莉

11

陀螺果

11

11

Melliodendron 陀螺果属 M. xylocarpum Hand.-Mazz.

11

Pterostyrax 白辛树属 P. corymbosus Sieb. et Zucc.

小叶白辛树

11

P. psilophyllus Diels ex Perk.

白辛树

11

R. kweichowense Hu

贵州木瓜红

11

R. macrocarpum Hu

木瓜红

11

11

Rehderodendron 木瓜红属

11

Sinojackia 秤锤树属 S. dolichocarpa C. J. Qi

长果秤锤树

11

S. huangmeiensis J. W. Ge et X. H. Yao

黄梅秤锤树

11

S. microcarpa C. T. Chen et G. Y. Li

细果秤锤树

11

S. oblongicarpa C. T. Chen et T. R. Cao

怀化秤锤树

11

S. rehderiana Hu

狭果秤锤树

11

S. xylocarpa Hu

秤锤树

11 11

Styrax 安息香属 S. agrestis (Lour.) G. Don

喙果安息香

11

S. argentifolius H. L. Li

银叶安息香

11

S. calvescens Perk.

灰叶安息香

11

S. chinensis Hu et S. Y. Liang

中华安息香

11

S. chrysocarpus H. L. Li

黄果安息香

11

S. confusus Hemsl.

赛山梅

11

S. dasyanthus Perk.

垂珠花

11

S. faberi Perk.

白花龙

11

S. grandiflorus Griff.

大花野茉莉

11

S. japonicus Sieb. et Zucc.

野茉莉

11

S. japonicus var. calycothrix Gilg

毛萼野茉莉

11

S. macranthus Perk.

禄春安息香

11

S. macrocarpus Cheng

大果安息香

11

S. obassia Sieb. et Zucc.

玉铃花

11

S. odoratissimus Champ.

芬芳安息香

11

S. perkinsiae Rehd.

瓦山安息香

11

562

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Styracaceae 安息香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. roseus Dunn

粉红安息香

11

S. rugosus Kurz

皱叶安息香

11

S. suberifolius Hook. et Arn.

栓叶安息香

11

S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartw.

越南安息香

11

219. Symplocaceae 山矾科 Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous, actinomorphic, grouped in spikes, racemes, panicles or cymes; usually subtended by 1 bract and 2 bracteoles. Calyx often 5-lobed, persistent. Corolla lobes often 5, imbricate; stamens often many, adnate to base of corolla tube; filaments connate or free, in 1–5 rows; ovary inferior or semi-inferior; disc apical and with glands; 3-locular; style 1, slender; stigma small. Fruit a drupe. One genus and ca. 200 species are widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Australia, and America. Symplocos cochinchinensis 越南山矾 A total of 44 species found in China. A total of 34 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 41% (18/44) species and only the one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-219

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Symplocaceae

Symplocaceae 山矾科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 11

Symplocos 山矾属 S. adenophylla Wall.

腺叶山矾

11

S. adenopus Hance

腺柄山矾

11

S. angustifolia Guill.

狭叶山矾

11

S. anomala Brand

薄叶山矾

11

S. austrosinensis Hand.-Mazz.

南国山矾

11

S. botryantha Franch.

总状山矾

11

S. chinensis (Lour.) Druce

华山矾

11

S. cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore

越南山矾

11

S. cochinchinensis var. puberula Huang et Y. F. Wu

微毛越南山矾

11

S. confusa Brand

南岭山矾

11

S. congesta Benth.

密花山矾

11

S. crassifolia Benth.

厚皮灰木

11

S. decora Hance

美山矾

11

S. dolichotricha Merr.

长毛山矾

11

S. grandis Hand.-Mazz.

大叶山矾

11

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

563

continued Symplocaceae 山矾科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. heishanensis Hayata

海桐山矾

11

S. lancifolia Sieb. et Zucc.

光叶山矾

11

S. laurina (Retz.) Wall.

黄牛奶树

11

S. lucida (Thunb.) Sieb. et Zucc.

光亮山矾

11

S. paniculata (Thunb.) Miq.

白檀

11

S. phyllocalyx Clarke

叶萼山矾

11

S. pilosa Rehd.

柔毛山矾

11

S. racemosa Roxb.

珠仔树

11

S. rachitricha Y. F. Wu

毛轴山矾

11

S. ramosissima Wall. ex G. Don

多花山矾

11

S. setchuensis Brand

四川山矾

11

S. stellaris Brand

老鼠矢

11

S. subconnata Hand.-Mazz.

银色山矾

11

S. sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

山矾

11

S. tetragona Chen ex Y. F. Wu

棱角山矾

11

S. ulotricha Ling

卷毛山矾

11

S. urceolaris Hance

坛果山矾

11

S. wikstroemiifolia Hayata

微毛山矾

11

S. yizhangensis Y. F. Wu

宜章山矾

11

S. yunnanensis Brand

滇灰木

11

220. Taccaceae 蒟蒻薯科 Herbs perennial. Rhizomes or tubers cylindrical or spherical. Leaves basal, petiolate, erect, sheathed at base; leaf blade entire or variously lobed. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, in umbels; involucral bracts 2–4–6 (–12), in 2 whorls; bracteoles narrow, linear. Perianth tube connate to ovary, 6-lobed, petaloid, in 2 whorls, nearly equal or unequal; stamens 6, inserted on perianth lobes; filaments short, apex hooded or spatulate and anthers inside hood or spatulate; 2-locular, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary inferior; style short; stigma 3, often petaloid, curved over style; ovules numerous, anatropous. Fruit a berry or 3-valved capsule; seeds numerous, endosperm abundant and embryos Tacca chantrieri 箭根薯 minute. Two genera and ca. 13 species occur worldwide. Two genera and six species found in China. A total of five species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 83% (5/6) species and 100% (2/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

564

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table IV-220

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Taccaceae

Taccaceae 蒟蒻薯科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Schizocapsa 裂果薯属 S. guangxiensis P. P. Ling et C. T. Ting

广西裂果薯

12

S. plantaginea Hance

裂果薯

12 12

Tacca 蒟蒻薯属 T. chantrieri André

箭根薯

12

T. integrifolia Ker-Gawl.

丝须蒟蒻薯

12

T. leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze

蒟蒻薯

12

221. Tamaricaceae 柽柳科 Shrubs, subshrubs, or trees. Leaves small, mostly scaly, alternate, estipulate, sessile, mostly with salt-secreting glands. Flowers usually in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary, usually hermaphroditic, regular. Calyx 4–5 deep lobed, persistent. Petals 4–5, free, caducous or sometimes persistent after anthesis. Disk inferior, often thick, nectary-like. Stamens 4, 5, or numerous, often free, inserted on disk, rarely basal connate into fascicle, or connate to mid part of tube. Anthers 2-locular, longitudinally dehiscent. Pistil 1, 2–5 carpels; ovary superior, 1-locular, placentation parietal, sparsely septate, or basal; ovules numerous, rarely few; style short, usually 3–5, free, sometimes connate. Fruit a Tamarix ramosissima 多枝柽柳 capsule, conical, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, fully hairy or awned at apex, awns puberulous from base or from middle; endosperm present or absent, embryo orthotropous. Three genera and ca. 110 species occur in steppe and desert regions of the Old World. Three genera and 34 species found in China. A total of 19 species of the family are cultivated in at least 8 botanical gardens. A number of 50% (17/34) species and 100% (3/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-221

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Tamaricaceae

Tamaricaceae 柽柳科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Myricaria 水柏枝属 M. bracteata Royle

宽苞水柏枝

12

M. laxiflora (Franch.) P. Y. Zhang et Y. J. Zhang

疏花水柏枝

12

M. paniculata P. Y. Zhang et Y. J. Zhang

三春水柏枝

12 12

Reaumuria 红砂属 R. songarica (Pall.) Maxim.

枇杷柴

12

R. trigyna Maxim.

黄花红砂

12

Tamarix 柽柳属

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

565

continued Tamaricaceae 柽柳科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

T. androssowii Litw.

白花柽柳

12

T. arceuthoides Bunge

密花柽柳

12

T. austromongolica Nakai

甘蒙柽柳

12

T. chinensis Lour.

柽柳

12

T. elongata Ledeb.

长穗柽柳

12

T. gansuensis H. Z. Zhang

甘肃柽柳

12

T. gracilis Willd.

翠枝柽柳

12

T. hispida Willd.

刚毛柽柳

12

T. hohenackeri Bunge

多花柽柳

12

T. karelinii Bge.

短毛柽柳

12

T. laxa Willd.

短穗柽柳

12

T. leptostachys Bunge

细穗柽柳

12

T. ramosissima Ledeb.

多枝柽柳

12

T. taklamakanensis M. T. Liu

沙生柽柳

12

222. Tetracentraceae 水青树科 Trees deciduous, with long and short branches. Buds long and thin, oblique, apex sharp acuate. Leaves simple, solitary on apex of twigs, palmately veined, margin dentate; stipules connate with petioles. Flowers small and numerous, bisexual, spicate, at apex of short stems, opposite or alternate with leaves. Bracts tiny. Perianth segments 4, imbricate; stamens 4, opposite to perianth segments, alternate with carpels. Pistil 1; ovary superior; carpel 4, connate along adaxial suture; placentation parietal, ovules 4 (–10) per locule; style 4, stigma apex acuate, firstly extrorse curled, and finally basal. Fruit a follicles, dehiscing loculicidal, persistent style basally. Seeds long and round, small, ridged; Tetracentron sinense 水青树 embryo small, endosperm abundant. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-222

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Tetracentraceae

Tetracentraceae 水青树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

T. sinense Oliv.

Volume 12

Tetracentron 水青树属 水青树

12

566

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

223. Theaceae 山茶科 Trees or shrubs evergreen or semi evergreen. Leaves leathery, alternate, pinnately veined, entire or serrate, petiolate, estipulate. Flowers bisexual, dioecious, solitary or several flowers fascicled, pedicellate or sessile. Bracts 2 or many, persistent or caducous, or sometimes undifferentiated from sepals. Sepals 5 to many, persistent or caducous, sometimes undifferentiated from petals. Petals 5 to many, basally connate, rarely free, white, or red and yellow. Stamens numerous, in multiple whorls, rarely 4- or 5-merous. Filaments free or basal connate. Anthers 2-locular, dorsifixed or basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, 2–10 loculed; ovules 2 to many per locule, verticillate or laterally inserted in the placentation of the axis, rarely basal seated; styles free or united, stigmas as many as carpels. Fruit a capsule, or indehiscent drupe or berry. Seeds globose, polygonal, or flattened, sometimes winged; endosperm present or absent, cotyledons fleshy. About 19 genera and 600 species occur in tropical Camellia reticulata 滇山茶 and subtropical Africa, tropical America, East, South, and Southeast Asia, Southeastern North America, Pacific islands. About 15 genera and 351 species found in China; the greatest species diversity of is in South China and adjacent Southeast Asia. A total of 182 species and 21 varieties of the family are cultivated at least 10 botanical gardens. A number of 35% (123/351) species and 93% (14/15) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-223

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Theaceae

Theaceae 山茶科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Adinandra 杨桐属 A. bockiana Pritz. ex Diels

川杨桐

12

A. bockiana var. acutifolia (Hand.-Mazz.) Kobuski

尖叶川杨桐

12

A. elegans How et Ko ex H. T. Chang

长梗杨桐

12

A. glischroloma Hand.-Mazz.

两广杨桐

12

A. glischroloma var. jubata (Li) Kobuski

长毛杨桐

12

A. hainanensis Hayata

海南杨桐

12

A. hirta Gagnep.

粗毛杨桐

12

A. integerrima T. Anders. ex Dyer

全缘叶杨桐

12

A. latifolia L. K. Ling

阔叶杨桐

12

A. megaphylla Hu

大叶杨桐

12

A. millettii (Hook. et Arn.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Hance

杨桐

12

A. nitida Merr. ex Li

亮叶杨桐

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Theaceae 山茶科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Anneslea 茶梨属 A. fragrans Wall.

茶梨

12

A. fragrans var. hainanensis Kobuski

海南茶梨

12 12

Camellia 山茶属 C. achrysantha Chang et S. Y. Liang

中东金花茶

12

C. acutissima Chang

长尖连蕊茶

12

C. albovillosa Hu ex Chang

白毛红山茶

12

C. amplexicaulis (Pit.) Cohen-Stuart

越南抱茎茶

12

C. amplexifolia Merr. et Chun

抱茎短蕊茶

12

C. anlungensis Chang

安龙瘤果茶

12

C. assamica (Masters) Chang

普洱茶

12

C. assimilis Champ. ex Benth.

香港毛蕊茶

12

C. azalea C. F. Wei

杜鹃红山茶

12

C. brevistyla (Heyata) Coh. St.

短柱茶

12

C. buxifolia Chang

黄杨叶连蕊茶

12

C. caudata Wall.

长尾毛蕊茶

12

C. chekiangoleosa Hu

浙江红山茶

12

C. chrysanthoides Chang

薄叶金花茶

12

C. chuongtsoensis S. Y. Liang et L. D. Huang

崇左金花茶

12

C. confusa Craib

小果短柱茶

12

C. cordifolia (Metc.) Nakai

心叶毛蕊茶

12

C. costei Lévl.

贵州连蕊茶

12

C. crapnelliana Tutch.

红皮糙果茶

12

C. crassicolumna var. multiplex (H. T. Chang et Y. J. Tang) T. L. Ming

光萼厚轴茶

12

C. crassipes Sealy

厚柄连蕊茶

12

C. crassissima Chang et Shi

厚叶红山茶

12

C. cucphuongensis Ninh et Rosmann

西贡金花茶

12

C. cuspidata (Kochs) Wright ex Gard.

尖连蕊茶

12

C. cuspidata var. grandiflora Sealy

大花尖连蕊茶

12

C. danzaiensis K. M. Lan

丹寨秃茶

12

C. edithae Hance

尖萼红山茶

12

C. euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy

显脉金花茶

12

C. euryoides Lindl.

柃叶莲蕊茶

12

C. fascicularis Chang

簇蕊金花茶

12

C. fengchengensis Liang et Zhong

防城茶

12

C. flavida Chang

淡黄金花茶

12

C. flavida var. patens (S. L. Mo et Y. C. Zhong) T. L. Ming

多变淡黄金花茶

12

C. forrestii (Diels) Coh. St.

蒙自连蕊茶

12

C. fraterna Hance

毛柄连蕊茶

12

C. furfuracea (Merr.) Coh. St.

糙果茶

12

C. fusuiensis S. Y. Liang et X. J. Dong

扶绥金花茶

12

C. gauchowensis Chang

高州油茶

12

C. grandis (Liang et Mo) Chang et S. Y. Liang

弄岗金花茶

12

C. granthamiana Sealy

大苞山茶

12

C. grijsii Hance

长瓣短柱茶

12

567

568

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Theaceae 山茶科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. gymnogyna Chang

秃房茶

12

C. hakodae Ninh

箱田金花茶

12

C. handelii Sealy

岳麓连蕊茶

12

C. hongkongensis Seem.

香港红山茶

12

C. huana T. L. Ming et W. J. Zhang

贵州金花茶

12

C. hupehensis Chang

湖北瘤果茶

12

C. impressinervis Chang et S. Y. Liang

凹脉金花茶

12

C. indochinensis Merr.

中越山茶

12

C. japonica L.

茶花

12

C. kissii Wall.

落瓣短柱茶

12

C. krempfii (Gagnep.) Sealy

长叶越南油茶

12

C. lapidea Wu

石果红山茶

12

C. limonia C. F. Liang et Mo

柠檬金花茶

12

C. longicalyx H. T. Chang

长萼连蕊茶

12

C. longicaudata Chang et Liang

长尾红山茶

12

C. longipetiolata (Hu) Chang et Fang

长柄山茶

12

C. longissima H. T. Chang et Liang

超长柄茶

12

C. lungzhouensis Luo

龙州金花茶

12

C. magniflora Chang

大花红山茶

12

C. mairei (Lévl.) Melch.

毛蕊红山茶

12

C. micrantha S. Y. Liang et Y. C. Zhong

小花金花茶

12

C. microphylla (Merr.) Chien

细叶短柱茶

12

C. multibracteata Chang et Mo ex Mo

多苞糙果茶

12

C. murauchii Ninh et Hakoda

黄抱茎金花茶

12

C. neriifolia H. T. Chang

狭叶瘤果茶

12

C. nitidissima Chi

金花茶

12

C. nitidissima var. microcarpa Chang et Ye

小果金花茶

12

C. oleifera Abel

油茶

12

C. parvilimba Merr. et Metc.

细叶连蕊茶

12

C. parvimuricata Chang

小瘤果茶

12

C. parvipetala J. Y. Liang et Su

小瓣金花茶

12

C. pilosperma S. Y. Liang ex Chang

毛籽离蕊茶

12

C. pinggaoensis Fang

平果金花茶

12

C. pinggaoensis var. terminalis S. Y. Liang

顶生金花茶

12

C. pitardii Coh. St.

西南红山茶

12

C. pitardii var. alba Chang

西南白山茶

12

C. pitardii var. yunnanica Sealy

窄叶西南红山茶

12

C. polyodonta How ex Hu

多齿红山茶

12

C. polyodonta var. longicaudata (H. T. Chang et S. Y. Liang) T. L. Ming

长尾多齿山茶

12

C. ptilophylla Chang

毛叶茶

12

C. pubipetala Wan et Huang

毛瓣金花茶

12

C. puniceiflora Chang

粉红短柱茶

12

C. purpurea Chang et Chen

紫果茶

12

C. reticulata Lindl.

滇山茶

12

C. rhytidocarpa Chang et Liang

皱皮果油茶

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Theaceae 山茶科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. rosmannii Ninh

罗斯曼金花茶

12

C. rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.

川鄂连蕊茶

12

C. rubimuricata Chang et Z. R. Xu

荔波红瘤果茶

12

C. rubituberculata Chang

厚壳红瘤果茶

12

C. salicifolia Champ. ex Benth.

柳叶毛蕊茶

12

C. saluenensis Stapf ex Bean

怒江红山茶

12

C. sasanqua Thunb.

茶梅

12

C. semiserrata Chi

南山茶

12

C. sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.

茶

12

C. szemaoensis Chang

思茅短蕊茶

12

C. taliensis (W. W. Smith.) Melch.

大理茶

12

C. tsaii var. synaptica (Sealy) Chang

川滇连蕊茶

12

C. tunghinensis Chang

东兴金花茶

12

C. uraku Kitamura

单体红花茶

12

C. vietnamensis T. C. Huang ex Hu

越南油茶

12

C. villosa Cheng et Liang

长毛红山茶

12

C. yunnanensis (Pitard) Coh. St.

五柱滇山茶

12

C. yunnanensis var. camellioides (Hu) T. L. Ming

毛果猴子木

12 12

Cleyera 红淡比属 C. japonica Thunb.

红淡比

12

C. japonica var. lipingensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Kobuski

齿叶红淡比

12

C. japonica var. wallichiana (DC.) Sealy

大花红淡比

12

C. pachyphylla Chun ex H. T. Chang

厚叶红淡比

12 12

Eurya 柃木属 E. acuminatissima Merr. et Chun

尖叶毛柃

12

E. acutisepala Hu et L. K. Ling

尖萼毛柃

12

E. alata Kobuski

翅柃

12

E. amplexifolia Dunn

穿心柃

12

E. brevistyla Kobuski

短柱柃

12

E. cerasifolia (D. Don) Kobuski

肖樱叶柃

12

E. chinensis R. Br.

米碎花

12

E. ciliata Merr.

华南毛柃

12

E. crenatifolia Yamamoto

钝齿柃

12

E. disticha Chun

秃小耳柃

12

E. distichophylla Hemsl.

二列叶柃

12

E. emarginata (Thunb.) Makino

滨柃

12

E. fangii Rehd.

川柃

12

E. gnaphalocarpa Hayata

灰毛柃

12

E. groffii Merr.

岗柃

12

E. handel-mazzettii H. T. Chang

丽江柃

12

E. hebeclados Ling

微毛柃

12

E. impressinervis Kobuski

凹脉柃

12

E. japonica Thunb.

柃木

12

E. kueichowensis Hu et L. K. Ling

贵州毛柃

12

E. lanciformis Kobuski

披针叶柃

12

569

570

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Theaceae 山茶科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

E. loquaiana Dunn

细枝柃

12

E. loquaiana var. aureo-punctata Chang

金叶细枝柃

12

E. macartneyi Champ.

黑柃

12

E. muricata Dunn

格药柃

12

E. muricata var. huiana (Kobuski) Hu et L. K. Ling

毛枝格药柃

12

E. nitida Korth.

细齿叶柃

12

E. obtusifolia H. T. Chang

钝叶柃

12

E. pittosporifolia Hu

海桐叶柃

12

E. rubiginosa var. attenuata H. T. Chang

窄基红褐柃

12

E. stenophylla Merr.

窄叶柃

12

E. subintegra Kobuski

假杨桐

12

E. tetragonoclada Merr. et Chun

四角柃

12

E. trichocarpa Korth.

毛果柃

12

E. yunnanensis P. S. Hsu

云南柃

12 12

Euryodendron 猪血木属 E. excelsum H. T. Chang

猪血木

12 12

Gordonia 大头茶属 G. acuminata Chang

四川大头茶

12

G. axillaris (Roxb.) Dietr.

大头茶

12

G. chrysandra Cowan

黄药大头茶

12

G. kwangsiensis Chang

广西大头茶

12

G. longicarpa Chang

长果大头茶

12 12

Hartia 折柄茶属 H. sinensis Dunn

折柄茶

12

H. villosa (Merr.) Merr.

毛折柄茶

12

H. villosa var. kwangtungensis (Chun) Chang

贴毛折柄茶

12

H. yunnanensis Hu

云南折柄茶

12 12

Parapyrenaria 多瓣核果茶属 P. multisepala (Merr. et Chun) H. T. Chang

多瓣核果茶

12 12

Pyrenaria 核果茶属 P. cheliensis Hu

景洪核果茶

12

P. garrettiana Craib

短叶核果茶

12

P. menglaensis G. D. Tao

勐腊核果茶

12

P. oblongicarpa Chang

长核果茶

12

P. pingpienensis (Hung T. Chang) S. X. Yang et T. L. Ming

屏边核果茶

12

P. yunnanensis Hu

云南核果茶

12 12

Schima 木荷属 S. argentea Pritz. ex Diels

银木荷

12

S. bambusifolia Hu

竹叶木荷

12

S. brevipedicellata Chang

短梗木荷

12

S. crenata Korth.

钝齿木荷

12

S. grandiperulata Chang

大苞木荷

12

S. khasiana Dyer

尖齿木荷

12

S. khasiana var. sericans Hand.-Mazz.

尖齿毛木荷

12

S. parviflora Cheng et Chang ex Chang

小花木荷

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

571

continued Theaceae 山茶科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. sinensis (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw

中华木荷

12

S. superba Gardner et Champ.

木荷

12

S. wallichii (DC.) Choisy

西南木荷

12 12

Stewartia 紫茎属 S. gemmata Chien et Cheng

天目紫茎

12

S. monadelpha Sieb. et Zucc.

日本紫茎

12

S. rubiginosa Chang

红皮紫茎

12

S. sinensis Rehd. et Wils.

紫茎

12

S. sinensis var. rostrata (Spongb.) Chang

长喙紫茎

12 12

Ternstroemia 厚皮香属 T. gymnanthera (Wight et Arn.) Beddome

厚皮香

12

T. japonica Thunb.

日本厚皮香

12

T. kwangtungensis Merr.

厚叶厚皮香

12

T. luteoflora L. K. Ling

尖萼厚皮香

12

T. microphylla Merr.

小叶厚皮香

12

T. nitida Merr.

亮叶厚皮香

12 12

Tutcheria 石笔木属 T. championi Nakai

石笔木

12

T. greeniae Chun

长柄石笔木

12

T. hexalocularia Hu et Liang ex Chang

六瓣石笔木

12

T. hirta (Hand.-Mazz.) Li

粗毛石笔木

12

T. kweichowensis Chang et Y. K. Li

贵州石笔木

12

T. microcarpa Dunn

小果石笔木

12

T. sophiae (Hu) Chang

云南石笔木

12

224. Thymelaeaceae 瑞香科 Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or evergreen, rarely hers. Stems usually fibrous. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, leathery or papery, rarely herbaceous, margin entire, basal united, pinnately veined; petioles short, estipulate. Inflorescences capitate, spicate, racemose, paniculate or umbelliform, solitary or fascicled, terminal or axillary. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual or unisexual, monoecious or dioecious. Calyx often corolla-like, white, yellow or light green, rarely red or purple, often connate into campanulate, funnelform, tubular calyx tube, outside pubescent or glabrous, lobes 4–5, imbricate in bud. Petals absent, or scaly, as many as calyx lobes. Stamens often twice or as many as calyx lobes, rarely degenerated to 2, mostly opposite to lobes, or alternate with lobes in another whorl. Anthers ovate, Edgeworthia chrysantha 结香 oblong or linear, 2-celled, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent, rarely laterally dehiscent. Disc annular, cupular or scaly, rarely absent. Ovary superior, carpel 2–5

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

connate, rarely 1; 1-locular, rarely 2-locular. Fruit a berry, drupe or nut, rarely 2-valvular dehiscent capsule, pericarp membranous, leathery, woody or fleshy. Seeds pendulous or anatropous, endosperm abundant or absent, embryo erect, cotyledons thick and flat, slightly raised. About 48 genera and ca. 650 species are widely distributed in both hemispheres. Nine genera and 115 species found in China. A total of 27 species and one form of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 16% (21/128) species and 60% (6/10) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-224

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Thymelaeaceae

Thymelaeaceae 瑞香科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Aquilaria 沉香属 A. baillonii Pierre ex Lecomte

柬埔寨沉香

12

A. sinensis (Lour.) Spreng.

土沉香

12

A. yunnanensis S. C. Huang

云南沉香

12 12

Daphne 瑞香属 D. acutiloba Rehd.

尖瓣瑞香

12

D. aurantiaca Diels

橙花瑞香

12

D. championii Benth.

长柱瑞香

12

D. feddei Lévl.

滇瑞香

12

D. genkwa Sieb. et Zucc.

芫花

12

D. kiusiana Miq.

毛瑞香

12

D. koreana Nakai

朝鲜瑞香

12

D. odora Thunb.

瑞香

12

D. odora f. marginata Makino

金边瑞香

12

D. pachyphylla D. Fang

厚叶瑞香

12

D. papyracea Wall. ex Steud.

白瑞香

12

D. retusa Hemsl.

凹叶瑞香

12

D. rosmarinifolia Rehd.

华瑞香

12 12

Edgeworthia 结香属 E. chrysantha Lindl.

结香

12

Eriosolena 毛花瑞香属 E. composita (L. f.) Merr.

12

毛管花

12 12

Phaleria 皇冠果属 P. capitata Jack

头花皇冠果

12

P. macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.

大果皇冠果

12

P. octandra (L.) Baill.

八蕊皇冠果

12 12

Stellera 狼毒属 S. chamaejasme L.

狼毒

12 12

Wikstroemia 荛花属 W. delavayi Lecomte.

澜沧荛花

12

W. indica (L.) C. A. Mey.

了哥王

12

W. micrantha Hemsl.

小黄构

12

W. monnula Hance

北江荛花

12

W. nutans Champ. ex Benth.

细轴荛花

12

W. pilosa Cheng

多毛荛花

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

573

225. Tiliaceae 椴树科 Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, with basally veined, entire or serrate, sometimes lobed; stipules present or absent, if present, often caducous or persistent. Flowers bisexual or monoecious, actinomorphic, grouped in cymose or cymose-paniculate. Bracts caducous, sometimes large and persistent. Sepals usually 5, sometimes 4, free or more or connate, imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, free, sometimes absent; glands often on adaxial surface. Petal like staminodes present, opposite to petals; androgynophore present or absent. Stamens numerous, rarely 5, free or basally united into bundle. Anthers Corchorus capsularis 黄麻 2-locular, longitudinal or apical dehiscent. Ovary superior, 2–6-locular, sometimes many, ovules 1 to many per locule, placentation axile. Style simple, sometimes free, stigma conical or peltate, often lobed. Fruit a drupe, capsule and schizocarp, sometimes berrylike or samara-like, 2–10 cells. Seeds without aril, endosperm copious, embryo erect, cotyledons flat. About 52 genera and ca. 500 species occur primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. A bout 14 genera and 88 species found in China. A total of 47 species and six varieties of the family are cultivated at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 47% (41/88) species and 86% (12/14) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-225

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Tiliaceae

Tiliaceae 椴树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Burretiodendron 柄翅果属 B. esquirolii (H. Lév.) Rehder

柄翅果

12

B. kydiifolium Hsu et Zhuge

元江柄翅果

12 12

Colona 一担柴属 C. auriculata (Desf.) Craib

耳叶一担柴

12

C. floribunda (Wall.) Craib.

一担柴

12

C. thorelii (Gagnep.) Burret

狭叶一担柴

12 12

Corchoropsis 田麻属 C. tomentosa (Thunb.) Makino

田麻

12 12

Corchorus 黄麻属 C. aestuans L.

甜麻

12

C. capsularis L.

黄麻

12

C. olitorius L.

长蒴黄麻

12 12

Craigia 滇桐属 C. yunnanensis W. W. Smith et W. E. Evans

滇桐

12 12

Excentrodendron 蚬木属 E. hsienmu (Chun et How) H. T. Chang et R. H. Miau

蚬木

12

E. obconicum (Chun et How) H. T. Chang et R. H. Miau

长蒴蚬木

12

E. tonkinense (A. Chev.) H. T. Chang et R. H. Miao

节花蚬木

12

574

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Tiliaceae 椴树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Grewia 扁担杆属 G. abutilifolia Vent. ex Juss.

苘麻叶扁担杆

12

G. biloba G. Don

扁担杆

12

G. biloba var. parviflora (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz.

小花扁担杆

12

G. celtidifolia Juss.

朴叶扁担杆

12

G. densiserrulata H. T. Chang

密齿扁担杆

12

G. eriocarpa Juss.

毛果扁担杆

12

G. henryi Burret

黄麻叶扁担杆

12

G. kwangtungensis H. T. Chang

广东扁担杆

12

G. lacei Drumm. et Craib

细齿扁担杆

12

G. multiflora Juss.

光叶扁担杆

12 12

Hainania 海南椴属 H. trichosperma Merr.

海南椴

12 12

Microcos 破布叶属 M. chungii (Merr.) Chun

海南布渣叶

12

M. paniculata L.

破布叶

12 12

Plagiopteron 斜翼属 P. chinense X. X. Chen

华斜翼

12

P. suaveolens Griff.

斜翼

12 12

Tilia 椴树属 T. americana L.

美洲椴

12

T. amurensis Rupr.

紫椴

12

T. amurensis var. taquetii (Schneid) Liou et Li

小叶紫椴

12

T. breviradiata (Rehd.) Hu et Cheng

短毛椴

12

T. chinensis Maxim.

华椴

12

T. cordata Mill.

心叶椴

12

T. dasystyla Steven

毛柱椴

12

T. endochrysea Hand.-Mazz.

白毛椴

12

T. henryana Szyszyl.

毛糯米椴

12

T. henryana var. subglabra V. Engl.

糯米椴

12

T. mandshurica Rupr. et Maxim.

辽椴

12

T. membranacea H. T. Chang

膜叶椴

12

T. miqueliana Maxim.

南京椴

12

T. oliveri Szyszyl.

粉椴

12

T. paucicostata Maxim.

少脉椴

12

T. paucicostata var. dictyoneura (V. Engl.) H. T. Chang et E. W. Miau

红皮椴

12

T. paucicostata var. yunnanensis Diels

少脉毛椴

12

T. platyphyllos Scop.

阔叶椴

12

T. tuan Szyszyl.

椴树

12

T. tuan var. chinensis (Szyszyl.) Rehd. et Wils.

毛芽椴

12

T. yunnanensis Hu

云南椴

12 12

Triumfetta 刺蒴麻属 T. annua L.

单毛刺蒴麻

12

T. cana Bl.

毛刺蒴麻

12

T. pilosa Roth

长勾刺蒴麻

12

T. rhomboidea Jacq.

刺蒴麻

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

575

226. Trapaceae 菱科 Herbs annual, floating or semi-emergent. Roots dimorphic: regular roots long and thin, black, iron wire like, in mud under water; adventitious roots developing from leaf scars, highly dissected, leaflike, photosynthetic, opposite or whorled, light green brown, persistent. Leaves dimorphic: submerged leaves alternate, caduceus; floating leaves small, broad, round, margin serrated. Flowers small, bisexual, solitary in upper leaf axils, sequentially from bottom to up part, flowering on water surface, pedicellate short. Calyx persistent or caduceus, connate with ovary base, sepals 4, in 2 whorls, 1–3 or 4 hardened horns of fruit, or partially or completely degenerated. Petals 4, in 1 whorl, imbricate in the bud, Trapa incisa 野菱 white or lilac, on edge of upper disc. Disc usually coronal or entire. Stamens is 4, in 2 whorls, and opposite to petals. Filament slender. Anthers dorsifixed, versatile, introrse. Ovary surrounded by a coronary disk. Style thin, stigma capitate. Ovary semi-inferior, 2-locular, 1 ovule per locule, anatropous, pendulous. Fruit a nutlike, leathery or woody, mature in water, with 1, 2, 3 or 4 prickly horned, rarely horn absent, indehiscent, fruit apex a pointed beak. One genus and a few species occur in subtropical and temperate regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Two species found in China. A total of 7 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 50% (1/2) species and only the one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-226

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Trapaceae

Trapaceae 菱科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Trapa 菱属 T. bicornis Osbeck

乌菱

12

T. bicornis var. cochinchinensis (Lour.) H. Gluck ex Steenis

越南菱

12

T. bispinosa Roxb.

菱

12

T. incisa Sieb. et Zucc.

四角刻叶菱

12

T. litwinowii V. Vassil

冠菱

12

T. macropoda Miki

四角大柄菱

12

T. maximowiczii Korsh.

细果野菱

12

T. natans var. pumila Nakano

四角矮菱

12

T. pseudoincisa Nakai

格菱

12

227. Trochodendraceae 昆栏树科 Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, glabrous; branchlets with obvious pseudo-whorled leaf scars; bud scale scars present. Bud terminal, large, ovate, bud scales numerous, imbricate. Leaves leathery, alternate, often 6–12

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The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

pseudo-whorled at apex of branches, margin serrate, pinnately veined; petiolate, estipulate. Flowers small, bisexual, terminal, in pleiochasium, short; bracteate and bracteoles. Perianth absent. Rceptacle protrude, obconical. Stamens many, in 3 or 4 whorls. Carpels 5 to 10 in 1 whorl, spreading, laterally fused after pollination, basal connate with receptacle. Ovary 1-locular; ovules many, anatropous, distichous, along ventral suture of carpel. Style short, extrorse curved, ventral surface with deep groove. Fruit a follicles of laterally fused follicles, ventrally dehiscent. Seeds numerous. One species found in East Asia. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. Only one (100%) species and one (100%) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Trochodendron aralioides 昆栏树

Table IV-227

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Trochodendraceae

Trochodendraceae 昆栏树科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

12

Trochodendron 昆栏树属 T. aralioides Sieb. et Zucc.

Volume

昆栏树

12

228. Tropaeolaceae 旱金莲科 Herbs, annual or perennial, succulent. Leaves alternate, peltate, entire or lobed, long petiolate. Flowers bisexual, irregular, on a long axillary pedicel. Calyx 5, bilabiate, basal connate, one extended into a long slender nectariferous spur. Petals 5 or less, imbricate, heteromorphic. Stamens 8, in 2-whorled, free, unequal length. Anthers 2-loculed, longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-loculed, placentation axile, ovule 1 anatropous per locule. Style 1; stigma linear, 3-lobed. Fruits of 3-carpels, split into three achenes with one seed each at maturity. Seeds without endosperm. Three genera and ca. 90 species occur in Central Tropaeolum majus 旱金莲 and South America. One species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. Only one (100%) species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-228

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Tropaeolaceae

Tropaeolaceae 旱金莲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Tropaeolum 旱金莲属 T. majus L.

12

旱金莲

229. Turneraceae 时钟花科 Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves alternate, elliptic to oblong lanceolate, margin serrate, 1 pair of glands at base of leaves. Flower axillary near apex of branches, calyx and corolla connate into a tube; corolla white and golden yellow, with 5 petals, yellow to purple black in center; each flower withers before noon. Fruit is capsule, seed with reticulate lines. About ten genera 226 species occur in South central and Southeastern United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Africa, Indian Ocean Turnera ulmifolia 黄时钟花 Islands (Madagascar, Mascarene Islands). A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. None species and genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-229

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Turneraceae

Turneraceae 时钟花科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Turnera 时钟花属 T. subulata Smith

白时钟花

12

T. ulmifolia L.

时钟花

12

230. Typhaceae 香蒲科 Herbs, perennial, marshy or aquatic. Rhizome creeping, roots fibrous. Stems erect, stout or or slender. Leaves distichous, alternate, sheath like leaves very short, basal, apex sharp; leaf blade linear, erect, or oblique, entire, margin slightly upward raised, apex blunt to acuate, ventral surface concave below middle part, lower surface flat to keel like protrusion, cross section crescent, semicircular or triangular, parallel veins, midvein abaxially raised or not; leaf sheath long, margin membranous, amplexicaul, or loose. Flowers unisexual, monoecious. Inflorescence spike like; male inflorescence in upper part of stems to apex, more stout than female inflorescence in flowering, inflorescence axis with pilose or glabrous or absent; female inflorescence in lower part,

Typha angustifolia 水烛

577

578

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

close with or far away from male inflorescence. Bracts leaflike, at the base male and female inflorescence. Male flower without perianth, usually composed of 1–3 stamens. Fruit spindle like, elliptical, with a membranous, transparent or grayish brown peel, with strip or round spots. Seeds elliptic, brown or yellowish brown. Two genera and ca. 35 species occur in tropical and temperate regions. One genera and 28 species found in China. A total of ten species of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 40% (8/20) species and only one (100%) genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-230

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Typhaceae

Typhaceae 香蒲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Typha 香蒲属 T. angustata Bory et Chaubard

长苞香蒲

12

T. angustifolia L.

水烛

12

T. davidiana (Kronf.) Hand.-Mazz.

达香蒲

12

T. elephantina Roxb.

象蒲

12

T. gracilis Jord.

短序香蒲

12

T. latifolia L.

宽叶香蒲

12

T. laxmannii Lepech.

无苞香蒲

12

T. minima Funck ex Hoppe

小香蒲

12

T. orientalis Presl

香蒲

12

T. przewalskii Skv.

普香蒲

12

231. Ulmaceae 榆科 Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Buds with scales, rarely naked, terminal buds often caducous. Apex of shoots shrink to a small terete or warty like protuberance, persistent or caducous, axillary buds developed. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, often distichous, margin serrate or entire, basal oblique or symmetrical, pinnately veined or basally 3-veined, rarely 5-veined or palmately 3-veined, petiolulate, stipules often membranous, lateral or within petiole, free or united, or basal connate, caducous. Perianth bisexual, rarely unisexual or polygamous, dioecious or monoecious, sometimes or mostly arranged in sparse or dense cymes, or fascicled or solitary due to shortening inflorescence Ulmus parvifolia 榔榆 axis, axillary in current or last year's shoots, or in bract axil of lower or near base of current year's shoots. Perianth is slightly or deeply lobed, perianth lobes usually 4–8, imbricate (rarely valvate), persistent or caduceus. Stamens insert at perianth basal. Pistil 2-carpellate; style very short; stigma 2, linear; ovary superior. Fruit a samara, drupe, nutlet or sometimes winged or with appendage, with persistent stigmas apically. About 16 genera and ca. 230 species are widespread in temperate and tropical regions. Eight genera and 54 species found in China.

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

579

A total of 42 species and 7 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 70% (38/54) species and 100% (8/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-231

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ulmaceae

Ulmaceae 榆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Aphananthe 糙叶树属 A. aspera (Thunb.) Planch.

糙叶树

12

A. aspera var. pubescens C. J. Chen

柔毛糙叶树

12

A. cuspidata (Blume) Planch.

滇糙叶树

12 12

Celtis 朴属 C. africana Burm. f.

白朴

12

C. australis L.

南欧朴

12

C. biondii Pamp.

紫弹树

12

C. bungeana Bl.

黑弹树

12

C. julianae Schneid.

珊瑚朴

12

C. koraiensis Nakai

大叶朴

12

C. laevigata Willd.

糖朴

12

C. occidentalis L.

美洲朴

12

C. philippensis Blanco

菲律宾朴树

12

C. philippensis var. consimilis (Blume) Lerory

铁灵花

12

C. sinensis Pers.

朴树

12

C. tetrandra Roxb.

四蕊朴

12

C. timorensis Span.

假玉桂

12

C. vandervoetiana Schneid.

西川朴

12 12

Gironniera 白颜树属 G. subaequalis Planch.

白颜树

H. davidii (Hance) Planch.

刺榆

全叶榆

12 12

Pteroceltis 青檀属 P. tatarinowii Maxim.

12 12

Holoptelea 全叶榆属 H. integrifolia Planch.

12 12

Hemiptelea 刺榆属

青檀

12 12

Trema 山黄麻属 T. angustifolia (Planch.) Blume

狭叶山黄麻

12

T. cannabina Lour.

光叶山黄麻

12

T. cannabina var. dielsiana (Hand.-Mazz.) C. J. Chen

山油麻

12

T. nitida C. J. Chen

银毛叶山黄麻

12

T. orientalis (L.) Blume

异色山黄麻

12

T. tomentosa (Roxb.) Hara

山黄麻

12 12

Ulmus 榆属 U. americana L.

美国榆

12

U. androssowii var. subhirsuta (Schneid.) P. H. Huang, F. Y. Gao et L. H. Zhuo

毛枝榆

12

U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla Schneid

蜀榆

12

U. castaneifolia Hemsl.

多脉榆

12

U. changii var. kunmingensis (Cheng) Cheng et L. K. Fu

昆明榆

12

580

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Ulmaceae 榆科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

U. chenmoui Cheng

琅玡榆

12

U. davidiana var. japonica (Rehd.) Nakai

春榆

12

U. densa Litw.

圆冠榆

12

U. elongata L. K. Fu et C. S. Ding

长序榆

12

U. gaussenii Cheng

醉翁榆

12

U. glabra Huds.

光叶榆

12

U. laciniata (Trautv.) Mayr.

裂叶榆

12

U. laevis Pall.

欧洲白榆

12

U. lamellosa T. Wang et S. L. Chang ex L. K. Fu

脱皮榆

12

U. lanceifolia Roxb.

常绿榆

12

U. macrocarpa Hance

大果榆

12

U. parvifolia Jacq.

榔榆

12

U. pumila L.

榆树

12

U. szechuanica Fang

红果榆

12

U. tonkinensis Gagnep.

越南榆

12 12

Zelkova 榉属 Z. schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.

大叶榉树

12

Z. serrata (Thunb.) Makino

榉树

12

232. Umbelliferae 伞形科 Herbs, annual to perennial, rarely small shrubs (in tropical and subtropical regions). Caulescent or acaulescent. Stems erect or prostrate upward, usually round, slightly angulate and grooved, or obtuse angulate, hollow or pith. Leaves alternate, often lobed or compound; compound leaves of 1–4-palmate or 1–2-trifoliolate pinnate, rarely solitary; leaf sheath at the base of petiole, usually estipullate, rarely membranous. Flowers small, bisexual or polygamous, terminal or axillary, in compound umbels or simple umbels, rarely Coriandrum sativum 芫荽 capitate; basal of umbels with involucral bracts, entire, toothed, rarely pinnately lobed; umbellules usually subtended by bracteoles. Calyx adnate with ovary, calyx teeth 5 or none. Petals 5, imbricate or valvate in flower buds, basal is narrow, sometimes clawed or curled into sacs, apex blunt and round or inward fold ligule like or apex extends a thin linear like. Stamens 5, alternate with petals. Ovary inferior, 2-loculed, 1 ovule anatropous each locule, apex with discoid or short conical stylopodium; style 2, erect or extrorse; stigma capitate. Fruit mostly a dry fruit of usually two mericarps. About 250–455 genera and 3300–3700 species are widely distributed in the temperate zone of both hemispheres, mainly in Eurasia and especially in Central Asia. About 100 genera and 614 species found in China. A total of 135 species, 10 varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 21% (126/614) species and 48% (48/100) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

IV Table IV-232

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Umbelliferae

Umbelliferae 伞形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

12

Anethum 莳萝属 A. graveolens L.

Volume

莳萝

12 12

Angelica 当归属 A. archangelica L.

欧白芷

12

A. biserrata (Shan et Yuan) Yuan et Shan

重齿当归

12

A. cartilaginomarginata var. foliosa Yuan et Shan

骨缘当归

12

A. cartilaginomarginata var. matsumurae (de Boiss.) Kitagawa

东北长鞘当归

12

A. dahurica var. formosana (Boiss.) Shan et Yuan

台湾独活

12

A. dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. ex Franch. et Sav.

白芷

12

A. decursiva (Miq.) Franch. et Sav.

紫花前胡

12

A. gigas Nakai

朝鲜当归

12

A. laxifoliata Diels

疏叶当归

12

A. maowenensis Yuan et Shan

茂汶当归

12

A. polymorpha Maxim.

拐芹

12

A. pseudoselinum de Boiss.

管鞘当归

12

A. sinensis (Oliv.) Diels.

当归

12

A. tianmuensis Z. H. Pan et T. D. Zhuang

天目当归

12 12

Anthriscus 峨参属 A. sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.

峨参

12 12

Apium 芹属 A. graveolens L.

芹菜

12

A. leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell.

细叶旱芹

12 12

Archangelica 古当归属 A. decurrens Ledeb.

下延叶古当归

12 12

Bupleurum 柴胡属 B. angustissimum (Franch.) Kitagawa

线叶柴胡

12

B. chinense DC.

北柴胡

12

B. commelynoideum de Boiss.

紫花鸭跖柴胡

12

B. dielsianum Wolff

太白柴胡

12

B. euphorbioides Nakai

大苞柴胡

12

B. exaltatum Marsh.-Bieb.

新疆柴胡

12

B. longicaule var. amplexicaule C. Y. Wu ex Shan et Li

抱茎柴胡

12

B. longiradiatum Turcz.

大叶柴胡

12

B. longiradiatum f. australe Shan et Y. Li

南方大叶柴胡

12

B. marginatum Wall. ex DC.

竹叶柴胡

12

B. scorzonerifolium Willd.

红柴胡

12

B. sibiricum var. jeholense (Nakai) Chu

雾灵柴胡

12

B. yinchowense Shan et Y. Li

银州柴胡

12 12

Carum 葛缕子属 C. buriaticum Turcz.

田葛缕子

12

C. carvi L.

葛缕子

12 12

Centella 积雪草属 C. asiatica (L.) Urban Chaerophyllum 细叶芹属

积雪草

12 12

581

582

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Umbelliferae 伞形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. villosum Wall. ex DC.

细叶芹

12 12

Chamaesium 矮泽芹属 C. paradoxum H. Wolff

矮泽芹

12

Changium 明党参属 C. smyrnioides H. Wolff

明党参

川明参

毒芹

蛇床

山芎

毒参

12 12

Coriandrum 芫荽属 C. sativum L.

12 12

Conium 毒参属 C. maculatum L.

12 12

Conioselinum 山芎属 C. chinense (L.) Britton

12 12

Cnidium 蛇床属 C. monnieri (L.) Cuss.

12 12

Cicuta 毒芹属 C. virosa L.

12 12

Chuanminshen 川明参属 C. violaceum Sheh et Shan

12

芫荽

12 12

Cryptotaenia 鸭儿芹属 C. japonica Hassk.

鸭儿芹

12

C. japonica f. dissecta (Yabe) Hara

深裂鸭儿芹

12 12

Cuminum 孜然芹属 C. cyminum L.

孜然芹

12 12

Daucus 胡萝卜属 D. carota L.

野胡萝卜

12

D. carota var. sativa Hoffm.

胡萝卜

12 12

Eryngium 刺芹属 E. foetidum L.

刺芫荽

12 12

Ferula 阿魏属 F. dubjanskyi Korov. ex Pavlov

沙生阿魏

12

F. galbaniflua Boiss.

绿黄汁阿魏

12

F. licentiana var. tunshanica (Su) Shan et Q. X. Liu

铜山阿魏

12

F. sinkiangensis K. M. Shen

新疆阿魏

12 12

Foeniculum 茴香属 F. vulgare Mill.

茴香

12

Glehnia 珊瑚菜属 G. littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq.

12

珊瑚菜

12 12

Heracleum 独活属 H. apaense (Shan et Yuan) Shan et T. S. Wang

法落海

12

H. bivittatum H. Boissieu

二管独活

12

H. candicans Will. et DC.

白亮独活

12

H. franchetii M. Hiroe

渐尖独活

12

H. hemsleyanum Diels

独活

12

H. maximum Bartr.

高大独活

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Umbelliferae 伞形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. millefolium Diels

裂叶独活

12

H. moellendorffii Hance

短毛独活

12

H. oreocharis H. Wolff

山地独活

12

H. rapula Franch.

鹤庆独活

12

H. souliei de Boiss.

康定独活

12 12

Hydrocotyle 天胡荽属 H. calcicola Y. H. Li

石山天胡荽

12

H. chinensis (Dunn) Craib

中华天胡荽

12

H. himalaica P. K. Mukh.

喜马拉雅天胡荽

12

H. leucocephala Cham. et Schltdl.

香香草

12

H. nepalensis Hook.

红马蹄草

12

H. pseudoconferta Masam.

密伞天胡荽

12

H. sibthorpioides Lam.

天胡荽

12

H. sibthorpioides var. batrachium (Hance) Hand.-Mazz. et Shan

破铜钱

12

H. verticillata Thunb.

轮生香菇草

12

H. vulgaris L.

香菇草

12

H. wilfordii Maxim.

肾叶天胡荽

12 12

Levisticum 欧当归属 L. officinale Koch.

欧当归

12 12

Libanotis 岩风属 L. buchtormensis (Fisch.) DC.

岩风

12

L. iliensis (Lipsky) Korovin

伊犁岩风

12 12

Ligusticum 藁本属 L. capillaceum H. Wolff

细苞藁本

12

L. chuanxiong Hort.

川芎

12

L. gyirongense Shan et H. T. Chang

吉隆藁本

12

L. hispidum (Franch.) Wolff

毛藁本

12

L. jeholense (Nakai et Kitag.) Nakai et Kitag.

辽藁本

12

L. oliverianum (de Boiss.) Shan

膜苞藁本

12

L. sikiangense Hiroe

川滇藁本

12

L. sinense Oliv.

藁本

12

L. tachiroei (Franch. et Sav.) Hiroe et Constance

岩茴香

12

L. tenuissimum (Nakai) Kitagawa

细叶藁本

12 12

Nothosmyrnium 白苞芹属 N. japonicum Miq.

白苞芹

12

N. japonicum var. sutchuensis de Boiss.

川白苞芹

12 12

Notopterygium 羌活属 N. forbesii de Boiss.

宽叶羌活

12 12

Oenanthe 水芹属 O. benghalensis (Roxb.) Benth. et Hook. f.

短辐水芹

12

O. dielsii de Boiss.

西南水芹

12

O. dielsii var. stenophylla Boiss.

西南水芹

12

O. hookeri C. B. Clarke

高山水芹

12

583

584

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Umbelliferae 伞形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

O. javanica DC.

水芹

12

O. linearis Wall. ex DC.

线叶小芹

12

O. rosthornii Diels

卵叶水芹

12

O. sinensis Dunn

中华水芹

12 12

Osmorhiza 香根芹属 O. aristata (Thunb.) Makino et Yabe

香根芹

12 12

Ostericum 山芹属 O. citriodorum (Hance) Yuan et Shan

隔山香

12

O. grosseserratum (Maxim.) Kitag.

大齿山芹

12

O. viridiflorum (Turcz.) Kitag.

绿花山芹

12 12

Pastinaca 欧防风属 P. sativa L.

欧防风

12

Petroselinum 欧芹属 P. crispum (Mill.) Hill

12

欧芹

12 12

Peucedanum 前胡属 P. baicalense (Redous) Koch.

兴安前胡

12

P. dielsianum Fedde ex H. Wolff

竹节前胡

12

P. henryi Wolff

鄂西前胡

12

P. japonicum Thunb.

滨海前胡

12

P. mashanense Shan et Sheh

马山前胡

12

P. medicum Dunn

华中前胡

12

P. praeruptorum Dunn

白花前胡

12

P. terebinthaceum (Fisch.) Fisch. ex Turcz.

石防风

12

P. turgeniifolium H. Wolff

长前胡

12

P. wawrae (H. Wolff) Su

泰山前胡

12 12

Pimpinella 茴芹属 P. candolleana Wight et Arn.

杏叶防风

12

P. diversifolia DC.

异叶茴芹

12

P. fargesii de Boiss.

城口茴芹

12

P. komarovi (Kifag) Shan et Pu, comb. nov.

辽翼茴芹

12

P. rhomboidea Diels

菱形茴芹

12

P. rockii H. Wolff

思茅茴芹

12

P. smithii H. Wolff

直立茴芹

12

P. yunnanensis H. Wolff

滇茴芹

12 12

Pleurospermum 棱子芹属 P. astrantioideum (H. Boiss.) K. T. Fu et Y. C. Ho

雅江棱子芹

12

P. crassicaule Wolff

粗茎棱子芹

12

P. rivulorum (Diels) K. T. Fu et Y. C. Ho

心叶棱子芹

12 12

Pternopetalum 囊瓣芹属 P. davidii Franch.

囊瓣芹

12

P. nudicaule (de Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.

裸茎囊瓣芹

12

P. trichomanifolium (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.

膜蕨囊瓣芹

12

Sanicula 变豆菜属

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Umbelliferae 伞形科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. chinensis Bunge

变豆菜

12

S. giraldii H. Wolff

首阳变豆菜

12

S. lamelligera Hance

掌脉山芹菜

12

S. orthacantha S. Moore

直刺变豆菜

12 12

Saposhnikovia 防风属 S. divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk

防风

12 12

Seseli 西风芹属 S. mairei Wolff

竹叶西风芹

12 12

Sium 泽芹属 S. medium Fisch. et Mey.

中亚泽芹

12

S. suave Walt.

泽芹

12 12

Tongoloa 东俄芹属 T. silaifolia (de Boiss.) Wolff

城口东俄芹

12

T. stewardii Wolff

牯岭东俄芹

12

T. tenuifolia Wolff

细叶东俄芹

12 12

Torilis 窃衣属 T. japonica (Houtt.) DC.

小窃衣

12

T. scabra (Thunb.) DC.

窃衣

12 12

Trachyspermum 糙果芹属 T. roxburghianum (DC.) H. Wolff

具苞蔓芹

12 12

Turgenia 刺果芹属 T. latifolia (L.) Hoffm.

刺果芹

12

233. Urticaceae 荨麻科 Herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, rarely trees or climbing vines; sometimes with bristles. Epidermal cells of leaves, or sometimes stems and perianths with prominent cystoliths punctiform or linear. Stems often fibrous and sometimes succulent. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple; stipules present, rarely absent. Flowers very small, unisexual, rarely polygamous, monoecious or diecious, wind pollinated. Perianth simple and rarely in two layers. If often unisexual, sometimes hermaphroditic, inflorescence grouped into umbels, panicles, racemes, corymbs, spikes, moniliform spikes and capitula. Sometimes upper part of rachis developed into a spherical, cupular or discoid ± fleshy receptacle, rarely degenerated into a single flower. Staminate flowers: perianth segments 4–5, sometimes 3 or 2, rarely 1, imbricate or valvate; stamens as many as perianth segments, anthers 2-locular; ovule 1, orthotropous. Fruit a achene, sometimes fleshy and drupe-like, often

Debregeasia squamata 鳞片水麻

585

586

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

enclosed in persistent perianth. About 47 genera and 1300 species occur mostly in wet tropical regions, extending into temperate regions. Twenty-five genera and 407 species found in China. A total of 150 species, four subspecies and 14 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 32% (131/407) species and 72% (18/25) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-233

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Urticaceae

Urticaceae 荨麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

A. atrata (Gagnep.) C. J. Chen

Volume 12

Archiboehmeria 舌柱麻属 舌柱麻

12

B. clidemioides var. diffusa (Wedd.) Hand.-Mazz.

序叶苎麻

12

12

Boehmeria 苎麻属

B. densiglomerata W. T. Wang

密球苎麻

12

B. dolichostachya W. T. Wang

长序苎麻

12

B. formosana Hayata

海岛苎麻

12

B. gracilis C. H. Wright

细野麻

12

B. hamiltoniana Wedd.

细序苎麻

12

B. longispica Sterd.

大叶苎麻

12

B. macrophylla Hornem.

水苎麻

12

B. macrophylla var. canescens (Wedd.) Long

灰绿苎麻

12

B. macrophylla var. scabrella (Roxb.) Long

糙叶水苎麻

12

B. malabarica Wedd.

腋球苎麻

12

B. malabarica var. leioclada W. T. Wang

光枝苎麻

12

B. nivea (L.) Gaudich.

苎麻

12

B. nivea var. tenacissima (Gaudich.) Miq.

青叶苎麻

12

B. penduliflora Wedd.

长叶苎麻

12

B. pilosiuscula (Blume) Hassk.

疏毛苎麻

12

B. polystachya Wedd.

歧序苎麻

12

B. siamensis Craib

束序苎麻

12

B. spicata (Thunb.) Thunb.

小赤麻

12

B. tomentosa Wedd.

密毛苎麻

12

B. tricuspis (Hance) Makino

悬铃木叶苎麻

12

B. zollingeriana Wedd.

帚序苎麻

12 12

Chamabainia 微柱麻属 C. cuspidata Wight

微柱麻

12 12

Debregeasia 水麻属 D. longifolia (Burm. f.) Wedd.

长叶水麻

12

D. orientalis C. J. Chen

水麻

12

D. saeneb (Forssk.) Hepper et Wood

柳叶水麻

12

D. squamata King ex Hook. f.

鳞片水麻

12 12

Dendrocnide 火麻树属 D. amplissima (Blume) Chew

树火麻

12

D. basirotunda (C. Y. Wu) Chew

圆基火麻树

12

D. sinuata (Blume) Chew

全缘火麻树

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Urticaceae 荨麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. urentissima (Gagnep.) Chew

火麻树

12 12

Elatostema 楼梯草属 E. acuminatum (Poir.) Brongn.

渐尖楼梯草

12

E. asterocephalum W. T. Wang

星序楼梯草

12

E. backeri H. Schroter

滇黔楼梯草

12

E. baiseense W. T. Wang

百色楼梯草

12

E. balansae Gagnep.

华南楼梯草

12

E. binatum W. T. Wang et Y. G. Wei

对序楼梯草

12

E. coriaceifolium W. T. Wang

革叶楼梯草

12

E. cuneatum Wight

稀齿楼梯草

12

E. dissectum Wedd.

盘托楼梯草

12

E. edule C. B. Rob.

海南楼梯草

12

E. gyrocephalum W. T. Wang et Y. G. Wei

圆序楼梯草

12

E. hechiensis W. T. Wang et Y. G. Wei

河池楼梯草

12

E. huanjiangensis W. T. Wang et Y. G. Wei

环江楼梯草

12

E. integrifolium (D. Don) Wedd.

全缘楼梯草

12

E. integrifolium var. tomentosum Hook. f.

朴叶楼梯草

12

E. involucratum Franch. et Sav.

楼梯草

12

E. laevissimum W. T. Wang

光叶楼梯草

12

E. lasiocephalum W. T. Wang

毛序楼梯草

12

E. lineolatum Wight

狭叶楼梯草

12

E. macintyrei Dunn

多序楼梯草

12

E. mashanense W. T. Wang et Y. G. Wei, ined.

马山楼梯草

12

E. megacephalum W. T. Wang

大头序楼梯草

12

E. menglunense W. T. Wang et G. D. Tao

勐仑楼梯草

12

E. microcarpun W. T. Wang et Y. G. Wei

小果楼梯草

12

E. monandrum (D. Don) H. Hara

异叶楼梯草

12

E. monandrum var. ciliatum (Hook. f.) Murti

锈毛楼梯草

12

E. obtusidentatum W. T. Wang

钝齿楼梯草

12

E. parvum (Blume) Miq.

小叶楼梯草

12

E. petelotii Gagnep.

樟叶楼梯草

12

E. pycnodontum W. T. Wang

密齿楼梯草

12

E. ramosum var. villosum W. T. Wang

密毛多枝楼梯草

12

E. rupestre (Buch.-Ham.) Wedd.

石生楼梯草

12

E. salvinioides W. T. Wang

迭叶楼梯草

12

E. stewardii Merr.

庐山楼梯草

12

E. sublineare W. T. Wang

条叶楼梯草

12

E. tenuicaudatum W. T. Wang

细尾楼梯草

12

E. tenuifolium W. T. Wang

薄叶楼梯草

12

E. tianeense W. T. Wang et Y. G. Wei

天峨楼梯草

12

E. trichocarpum Hand.-Mazz.

疣果楼梯草

12

E. yaoshanense W. T. Wang

瑶山楼梯草

12

Girardinia 蝎子草属

12

587

588

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Urticaceae 荨麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. diversifolia (Link.) Friis

大蝎子草

12 12

Gonostegia 糯米团属 G. hirta (Bl.) Miq.

糯米团

12 12

Laportea 艾麻属 L. bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd.

珠芽艾麻

12

L. bulbifera ssp. dielsii (Pamp.) C. J. Chen

珠芽艾麻

12

L. cuspidata (Wedd.) Friis

艾麻

12

L. interrupta (L.) Chew

红小麻

12

L. violacea Gagnep.

麻风草

12 12

Maoutia 水丝麻属 M. puya (Hook.) Wedd.

三元麻

12 12

Nanocnide 花点草属 N. japonica Bl.

花点草

12

N. lobata Wedd.

毛花点草

12 12

Oreocnide 紫麻属 O. frutescens (Thunb.) Miq.

紫麻

12

O. frutescens ssp. occidentalis C. J. Chen

滇藏紫麻

12

O. kwangsiensis Hand.-Mazz.

广西紫麻

12

O. obovata (C. H. Wright) Merr.

倒卵叶紫麻

12

O. obovata var. paradoxa (Gagnep.) C. J. Chen

凹尖紫麻

12

O. rubescens (Bl.) Miq.

红紫麻

12

O. serrulata C. J. Chen

细齿紫麻

12

O. tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Merr. et Chun

越南紫麻

12 12

Pellionia 赤车属 P. brachyceras W. T. Wang

短角赤车

12

P. caulialata S. Y. Liu

翅茎赤车

12

P. griffithianum (Bl.) Hall.

楼梯草

12

P. grijsii Hance

华南赤车

12

P. heteroloba Wedd.

异被赤车

12

P. heyneana (Wall.) Wedd.

全缘赤车

12

P. leiocarpa W. T. Wang

光果赤车

12

P. longipedunculata W. T. Wang

长梗赤车

12

P. paucidentata (H. Schroet.) S. S. Chien

滇南赤车

12

P. radicans (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd.

赤车

12

P. repens (Lour.) Merr.

吐烟花

12

P. scabra Benth.

蔓赤车

12

P. tsoongii (Merr.) Merr.

长柄赤车

12

P. viridis C. H. Wright

绿赤车

12 12

Pilea 冷水花属 P. angulata (Bl.) Bl.

圆瓣冷水花

12

P. angulata ssp. latiuscula C. J. Chen

华中冷水花

12

P. basicordata W. T. Wang

基心叶冷水花

12

P. bracteosa Wedd.

多苞冷水花

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Urticaceae 荨麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. cadierei Gagn. et Guill.

花叶冷水花

12

P. cavaleriei ssp. crenata C. J. Chen

圆齿石油菜

12

P. cordifolia Hook. f.

歪叶冷水花

12

P. cordistipulata C. J. Chen

心托冷水花

12

P. depressa Bl.

玲珑冷水花

12

P. dolichocarpa C. J. Chen

瘤果冷水花

12

P. fasciata Wedd.

扇花冷水花

12

P. glaberrima (Bl.) Bl.

点乳冷水花

12

P. gracilis Hand.-Mazz.

纤细冷水花

12

P. japonica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz.

山冷水花

12

P. lomatogramma Hand.-Mazz.

隆脉冷水花

12

P. longicaulis Hand.-Mazz.

长茎冷水花

12

P. longicaulis var. erosa C. J. Chen

啮蚀叶冷水花

12

P. martinii (Levl.) Hand.-Mazz.

大叶冷水花

12

P. melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.

长序冷水花

12

P. menghaiensis C. J. Chen

勐海冷水花

12

P. microphylla (L.) Liebm.

小叶冷水花

12

P. mollis Wedd.

皱叶冷水花

12

P. monilifera Hand.-Mazz.

念珠冷水花

12

P. notata C. H. Wright

冷水花

12

P. nummulariifolia (Sw.) Wedd.

泡叶冷水花

12

P. peltata Hance

盾状冷水花

12

P. penninervis C. J. Chen

钝齿冷水花

12

P. peperomioides Diels

镜面草

12

P. peploides (Gaudich.) Hook. et Arn.

矮冷水花

12

P. plataniflora C. H. Wright

石筋草

12

P. pseudonotata C. J. Chen

假冷水花

12

P. pumila (L.) A. Gray

透茎冷水花

12

P. pumila var. obtusifolia C. J. Chen

钝尖冷水花

12

P. purpurella C. J. Chen

紫背冷水花

12

P. rubriflora C. H. Wright

红花冷水花

12

P. scripta (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Wedd.

细齿冷水花

12

P. semisessilis Hand.-Mazz.

镰叶冷水花

12

P. serpyllacea (H. B. K.) Liebm

墨西哥冷水花

12

P. sinofasciata C. J. Chen

粗齿冷水花

12

P. subcoriacea (Hand.-Mazz.) C. J. Chen

翅茎冷水花

12

P. swinglei Merr.

三角形冷水花

12

P. symmeria Wedd. Monogr.

喙萼冷水花

12

P. verrucosa Hand.-Mazz.

疣果冷水花

12

P. villicaulis Hand.-Mazz.

毛茎冷水花

12

P. villicaulis var. subglabra C. J. Chen

秃茎冷水花

12

P. wightii Wedd.

生根冷水花

12

Poikilospermum 锥头麻属

12

589

590

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Urticaceae 荨麻科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. lanceolatum (Trécul) Merr.

毛叶锥头麻

12

P. suaveolens (Blume) Merr.

锥头麻

12 12

Pouzolzia 雾水葛属 P. elegans Wedd.

雅致雾水葛

12

P. niveotomentosa W. T. Wang

雪毡雾水葛

12

P. sanguinea (Bl.) Merr.

红雾水葛

12

P. zeylanica (L.) Benn.

雾水葛

12

P. zeylanica var. microphylla (Wedd.) W. T. Wang

多枝雾水葛

12 12

Procris 藤麻属 P. wightiana Wall. ex Wedd.

藤麻

12 12

Soleirolia 金钱麻属 S. soleirolii (Req.) Dandy

金钱麻

12 12

Urtica 荨麻属 U. angustifolia Fisch. ex Hornem.

狭叶荨麻

12

U. atrichocaulis (Hand.-Mazz.) C. J. Chen

小果荨麻

12

U. cannabina L.

麻叶荨麻

12

U. dioica var. angustifolia Ledeb.

尾尖异株荨麻

12

U. fissa E. Pritz.

荨麻

12

U. laetevirens Maxim.

宽叶荨麻

12

U. lotabifolia S. S. Ying

裂叶荨麻

12

U. mairei H. Lév.

滇藏荨麻

12

234. Valerianaceae 败酱科 Herbs, biennial or perennial, rarely subshrubs, sometimes taprooted or rhizomatous; roots adventitious, with a characteristic fetid odor caused by monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid ethereal oils. Stem erect, often hollow, rarely creeping. Leaves opposite or basal, often imparipinnate, with 1–3 pairs or 4–5 pairs of lateral lobes, sometimes 2-imparipinnate or undivided, often serrated; basal and cauline leaves or, upper leaves and lower leaves of stem often dimorphic, estipulate. Inflorescence terminal, dense or spreading corymbose aggregate by corymbs, compound dichasia or panicles, rarely capitula, with involucral bracts. Flowers small, bisexual or rarely unisexual, often slightly zygomorphic; bracteoles. Calyx small, calyx tube adnate to ovary, calyx teeth tiny, persistent, often slightly enlarged or reduced to plumose. Corolla campanulate or narrow funnelform, yellow, light yellow, white, pink or lavender, swollen on one side of corolla basal, 3–5 lobes, slightly unequal, imbricate in buds. Stamens 3 or 4, sometimes

Patrinia villosa 白花败酱

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

591

degenerated into 1–2 stamens, filaments inserted at base of corolla tube, anthers dorsifixed, 2-celled, introrse, longitudinal slits; ovary inferior, 3-celled, 2 sterile. Twelve genera and ca. 300 species widespread nearly cosmopolitan. Three genera and 34 species found in China. A total of ten species, one subspecies and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least eight botanical gardens. A number of 21% (7/34) species and all three genera (3/3) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-234

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Valerianaceae

Valerianaceae 败酱科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Centranthus 距缬草属 C. ruber (L.) DC.

距缬草

12 12

Nardostachys 甘松属 N. jatamansi (D. Don) DC.

匙叶甘松

12 12

Patrinia 败酱属 P. heterophylla Bunge

异叶败酱

12

P. heterophylla ssp. angustifolia (Hemsl.) H. J. Wang

窄叶败酱

12

P. punctiflora Hsu et H. J. Wang

斑花败酱

12

P. scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev.

败酱

12

P. speciosa Hand.-Mazz.

秀苞败酱

12

P. villosa (Thunb.) Juss.

白花败酱

12 12

Valeriana 缬草属 V. hardwickii Wall.

长序缬草

12

V. jatamansi Jones

蜘蛛香

12

V. officinalis L.

缬草

12

V. officinalis var. latifolia Miq.

宽叶缬草

12

235. Verbenaceae 马鞭草科 Shrubs or trees, sometimes climbers, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, simple or palmately compound, rarely pinnately; estipulate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, mostly cymose, racemose, spicate, corymbose cymose or paniculate. Flowers bisexual, rarely degenerated into polygamous, zygomorphic or rarely actinomorphic. Calyx persistent, cupular, campanulate or tubular, rarely funnelform, with 4–5 teeth or truncated at apex, rarely 6–8 teeth, often accrescent or not when fruit maturity, or colored. Corolla tube cylindrical, often tube of bilabiate like or slightly unequal 4–5-lobes, rarely more lobed; lobes often spreading outwards, or margin of middle one of lower lip fimbriate. Stamens 4, rarely 2 or 5–6 stamens insert at corolla tube. Filaments free. Anthers often

Clerodendrum thomsonae 龙吐珠

592

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

2-locular. Disc often insignificant. Ovary superior, entire or 4-grooved, often 2-carpellate, rarely 4 or 5; 2-locular; two ovules in each locule. About 91 genera and ca. 2000 species occur primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. Twenty-one genera and 216 species found in China. A total of 118 species, 11 varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 11 botanical gardens. A number of 48% (104/216) species and 90% (19/21) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-235

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Verbenaceae

Verbenaceae 马鞭草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

12

Avicennia 海榄雌属 A. marina (Forsk.) Vierh.

Volume

海榄雌

12 12

Callicarpa 紫珠属 C. americana L.

美国紫珠

12

C. arborea Roxb.

木紫珠

12

C. bodinieri Lévl.

紫珠

12

C. bodinieri var. iteophylla C. Y. Wu

柳叶紫珠

12

C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance

短柄紫珠

12

C. candicans (Burm. f.) Hochr

白毛紫珠

12

C. cathayana H. T. Chang

华紫珠

12

C. dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch

白棠子树

12

C. formosana Rolfe

杜虹花

12

C. giraldii Hance et Rehd.

老鸦糊

12

C. gracilipes Rehd.

湖北紫珠

12

C. integerrima Champ.

全缘叶紫珠

12

C. japonica Thunb.

日本紫珠

12

C. kochiana Makino

枇杷叶紫珠

12

C. kwangtungensis Chun

广东紫珠

12

C. loboapiculata Metc.

尖萼紫珠

12

C. longifolia Lamk.

长叶紫珠

12

C. longifolia var. lanceolaria (Roxb.) C. B. Clarke

披针叶紫珠

12

C. longipes Dunn

长柄紫珠

12

C. longissima (Hemsl.) Merr.

尖尾枫

12

C. luteopunctata H. T. Chang

黄腺紫珠

12

C. macrophylla Vahl

大叶紫珠

12

C. membranacea var. angustata Rehd.

窄叶紫珠

12

C. nudiflora Hook. et Arn.

裸花紫珠

12

C. pedunculata R. Br.

杜虹紫珠

12

C. rubella Lindl.

红紫珠

12

C. rubella f. angustata P’ei

狭叶红紫珠

12

C. rubella var. subglabra (Pei) H. T. Chang

红紫珠

12

C. tingwuensis H. T. Chang

鼎湖紫珠

12

C. yunnanensis W. Z. Fang

云南紫珠

12 12

Caryopteris 莸属 C. aureoglandulosa (Van.) C. Y. Wu

金腺莸

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Verbenaceae 马鞭草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. divaricata (S. et Z.) Maxim.

莸

12

C. forrestii Diels

灰毛莸

12

C. incana (Thunb.) Miq.

兰香草

12

C. mongholica Bunge

蒙古莸

12

C. nepetaefolia Maxim. (Benth.)

单花莸

12

C. paniculata C. B. Clarke

锥花莸

12

C. tangutica Maxim.

光果莸

12

C. terniflora Maxim.

三花莸

12 12

Citharexylum 琴木属 C. laetum Hiern

琴木

12

C. spinosum L.

垂花琴木

12 12

Clerodendrum 大青属 C. brachystemon C. Y. Wu et R. C. Fang

短蕊大青

12

C. bungei Steud.

臭牡丹

12

C. canescens Wall.

灰毛大青

12

C. colebrookianum Walp.

腺茉莉

12

C. cyrtophyllum Turcz.

大青

12

C. fortunatum L.

白花灯笼

12

C. griffithianum C. B. Clarke

西垂茉莉

12

C. hainanense Hand.-Mazz.

海南桢桐

12

C. henryi C. Pei

南垂茉莉

12

C. indicum (L.) O. Ktze.

长管大青

12

C. inerme (L.) Gaertn.

苦郎树

12

C. japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet

赪桐

12

C. kaichianum Hsu

浙江大青

12

C. kwangtungense Hand.-Mazz.

广东大青

12

C. lindleyi Decne ex Planch.

尖齿臭茉莉

12

C. longilimbum C. Pei

长叶大青

12

C. luteopunctatum C. Pei et S. L. Chen

黄腺大青

12

C. mandarinorum Diels

海通

12

C. paniculatum L.

圆锥大青

12

C. philippinum Schauer

重瓣臭茉莉

12

C. philippinum var. simplex Moldenke

臭茉莉

12

C. quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr.

烟火树

12

C. serratum (L.) Moon

三对节

12

C. serratum var. amplexifolium Moldenke

三台花

12

C. serratum var. herbaceum (Roxb.) C Y. Wu

草本三对节

12

C. speciosissimum Drapiez

美丽桢桐

12

C. speciosum W. Bull

红萼龙吐珠

12

C. splendens G. Don

红龙吐珠

12

C. subscaposum Hemsl.

抽葶大青

12

C. thomsonae Balf.

龙吐珠

12

C. trichotomum Thunb.

海州常山

12

C. villosum Bl.

绢毛大青

12

C. wallichii Merr.

垂茉莉

12

593

594

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Verbenaceae 马鞭草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. yunnanense Hu ex Hand.-Mazz.

滇常山

12 12

Congea 绒苞藤属 C. chinensis Moldenke

华绒苞藤

12

C. tomentosa Roxb.

绒苞藤

12 12

Duranta 假连翘属 D. repens L.

假连翘

G. siamensis Fletch.

12 12

Garrettia 辣莸属 辣莸

12 12

Gmelina 石梓属 G. arborea Roxb.

云南石梓

12

G. chinensis Benth.

石梓

12

G. hainanensis Oliv.

苦梓

12

G. philippensis Cham.

菲律宾石梓

12 12

Holmskioldia 冬红属 H. sanguinea Retz.

冬红

12 12

Lantana 马缨丹属 L. camara L.

马缨丹

12

L. montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq.

蔓马缨丹

12 12

Petrea 蓝花藤属 P. volubilis L.

蓝花藤

12

Phyla 过江藤属 P. nodiflora (L.) Greene

12

过江藤

12 12

Premna 豆腐柴属 P. chevalieri P. Dop.

尖叶豆腐柴

12

P. flavescens Buch.-Ham.

淡黄豆腐柴

12

P. fohaiensis C. Pei et S. L. Chen ex C. Y. Wu

勐海豆腐柴

12

P. fordii Dunn et Tutch.

长序臭黄荆

12

P. fulva Craib

黄毛豆腐柴

12

P. hainanensis Chun et How

海南臭黄荆

12

P. interrupta Wall.

间序豆腐柴

12

P. laevigata C. Y. Wu

平滑豆腐柴

12

P. latifolia Roxb.

大叶豆腐柴

12

P. maclurei Merr.

弯毛臭黄荆

12

P. microphylla Turcz.

豆腐柴

12

P. puberula Pamp.

狐臭柴

12

P. scandens Roxb.

藤豆腐柴

12

P. subcapitata Rehd.

近头状豆腐柴

12

P. szemaoensis C. Pei

思茅豆腐柴

12

P. velutina C. Y. Wu

黄绒豆腐柴

12 12

Rotheca 三对节属 R. myricoides (Hochst.) Steane et Mabb.

蓝蝴蝶

12 12

Sphenodesme 楔翅藤属 S. mollis Craib

毛楔翅藤

12

S. pentandra Jack

楔翅藤

12

Stachytarpheta 假马鞭属

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

595

continued Verbenaceae 马鞭草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

S. jamaicensis (L.) Vahl.

假马鞭

Volume 12 12

Symphorema 六苞藤属 S. involucratum Roxb.

六苞藤

12 12

Tectona 柚木属 T. grandis L. f.

柚木

12 12

Verbena 马鞭草属 V. bonariensis L.

柳叶马鞭草

12

V. officinalis L.

马鞭草

12

V. tenera Sprang.

细叶美女樱

12 12

Vitex 牡荆属 V. agnus-castus L.

穗花牡荆

12

V. burmensis Moldenke

长叶荆

12

V. canescens Kurz

灰毛牡荆

12

V. negundo L.

黄荆

12

V. negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.

牡荆

12

V. negundo var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd.

荆条

12

V. peduncularis Wall.

长序荆

12

V. pierreana P. Dop.

莺哥木

12

V. quinata (Lour.) Wall.

山牡荆

12

V. quinata var. puberula (Lam) Moldenke

微毛布荆

12

V. rotundifolia L. f.

单叶蔓荆

12

V. sampsoni Hance

广东牡荆

12

V. trifolia L.

蔓荆

12

V. trifolia var. subtrisecta (O. Ktze.) Moldenke

异叶蔓荆

12

V. vestita Wall.

黄毛牡荆

12

V. yunnanensis W. W. Sm.

滇牡荆

12

236. Violaceae 堇菜科 Herbs, subshrubs or small shrubs, perennial, rarely annual herbs, climbing shrubs or small trees. Leaves simple, often alternate, a few opposite; margin entire, serrate or dissected, petiolate; stipules small or leaflike. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, rarely polygamous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, solitary or in axillary or terminal spikes, racemes or panicles, with 2 bracteoles, sometimes with cleistogamous. Sepals hypogyny, 5, equal or unequal, imbricate, persistent. Petals hypogyny, 5, imbricate or convolute, unequal, 1 usually larger, basal saccate or distantly. Stamens 5. Anthers erect, free or connivent; around the ovary annular enclosed, connectives often dilated into membranous appendages. Viola prionantha 早开堇菜 Filaments very short or absent, anterior 2 stamens with spur-like nectary at base. Ovary superior, completely covered by stamens, 1-loculed. Fruit loculicidal capsule,

596

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

usually with elastic and abaxially carinate valves, or berry like. Seed is sessile or with a very short stalk, testa hard, nitid, often with oily bodies, sometimes alate. Twenty-two genera and 900–1000 species occur worldwide, particularly in tropical regions. Four genera and 115 species found in China. A total of 37 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 23% (26/115) species and 75% (3/4) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-236

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Violaceae

Violaceae 堇菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

12

Rinorea 三角车属 R. bengalensis (Wall.) Gagnep.

三角车

12

鳞隔堇

12

12

Scyphellandra 鳞隔堇属 S. pierrei H. Boissieu

Volume

12

Viola 堇菜属 V. acuminata Ledeb.

鸡腿堇菜

12

V. betonicifolia J. E. Smith

戟叶堇菜

12

V. chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Beck.

南山堇菜

12

V. collina Bess.

球果堇菜

12

V. concordifolia C. J. Wang

心叶堇菜

12

V. davidii Franch.

深圆齿堇菜

12

V. diffusa Ging.

七星莲

12

V. diffusoides C. J. Wang

光蔓茎堇菜

12

V. dissecta Ledeb.

裂叶堇菜

12

V. faurieana W. Beck.

长梗紫花堇菜

12

V. grypoceras A. Gray

紫花堇菜

12

V. hossei W. Beck.

光叶堇菜

12

V. inconspicua Bl.

长萼堇菜

12

V. kiangsiensis W. Becker

江西堇菜

12

V. lactiflora Nakai

白花堇菜

12

V. magnifica C. J. Wang et X. D. Wang

犁头叶堇菜

12

V. monbeigii W. Beck.

维西堇菜

12

V. moupinensis Franch.

荁

12

V. phalacrocarpa Maxim.

茜堇菜

12

V. philippica Cav.

紫花地丁

12

V. pilosa Bl.

匍匐堇菜

12

V. principis H. Boissieu

柔毛堇菜

12

V. prionantha Bunge

早开堇菜

12

V. rossii Hemsl. ex Forbes et Hemsl.

辽宁堇菜

12

V. schneideri W. Beck.

浅圆齿堇菜

12

V. selkirkii Pursh ex Gold

深山堇菜

12

V. sphaerocarpa W. Beck.

圆果堇菜

12

V. stewardiana W. Beck.

庐山堇菜

12

V. triangulifolia W. Beck.

三角叶堇菜

12

V. tricolor L.

三色堇

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

597

continued Violaceae 堇菜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

V. variegata Fisch. ex Link

斑叶堇菜

12

V. verecunda A. Gray

堇菜

12

V. violacea Makino

紫背堇菜

12

V. yezoensis Maxim.

阴地堇菜

12

V. yunnanensis W. Beck. et H. Boissieu

云南堇菜

12

237. Vitaceae 葡萄科 Woody climbers, sometimes vines, rarely herbaceous vines; with tendrils or erect shrubs, or tendrils absent. Leaves simple, pinnately or palmately compound, alternate; stipules usually small and exfoliated, rarely large and persistent. Flowers small, bisexual, or polygamous, in corymbose pleiochasium, compound dichasium, paniculate pleiochasium, 4–5-merous. Sepals disc-like or slight cupular, small. Petals as many as sepals, free or distally connate forming a calyptra. Stamens opposite to petals, develop well in hermaphroditic flowers, but often small or abortive in monogamous female flowers. Disc ring-shaped or lobed, rarely inconspicuous. Ovary superior, usually 2-locular, ovules 2 per locule, or Ampelopsis heterophylla var. kulingensis 牯岭蛇葡萄 multiple locules, 1 ovule per each. Fruit a berry, with 1 to several seeds. About 14 genera and ca. 900 species occur worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. Nine genera and 186 species found in China. A total of 82 species, one subspecies and 13 varieties of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 41% (76/186) species and 89% (8/9) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-237

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Vitaceae

Vitaceae 葡萄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Ampelopsis 蛇葡萄属 A. aconitifolia Bge.

乌头叶蛇葡萄

12

A. bodinieri (Lévl. et Vant.) Rehd.

蓝果蛇葡萄

12

A. bodinieri var. cinerea (Gagnep.) Rehd.

灰毛蛇葡萄

12

A. cantoniensis (Hook. et Arn.) K. Koch

广东蛇葡萄

12

A. chaffanjonii (Lévl. et Vant.) Rehd.

羽叶蛇葡萄

12

A. delavayana Planch.

三裂蛇葡萄

12

A. delavayana var. setulosa (Diels et Gilg) C. L. Li

毛三裂蛇葡萄

12

A. grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang

显齿蛇葡萄

12

A. heterophylla (Thunb.) Sieb. et Zucc.

异叶蛇葡萄

12

598

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Vitaceae 葡萄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. heterophylla var. brevipedunculata (Regel) C. L. Li

东北蛇葡萄

12

A. heterophylla var. kulingensis (Rehd.) C. L. Li

牯岭蛇葡萄

12

A. heterophylla var. vestita Rehd.

锈毛蛇葡萄

12

A. humulifolia Bunge

葎叶蛇葡萄

12

A. japonica (Thunb.) Makino

白蔹

12

A. megalophylla Diels et Gilg

大叶蛇葡萄

12 12

Cayratia 乌蔹莓属 C. albifolia C. L. Li

白毛乌蔹莓

12

C. corniculata (Benth.) Gagnep.

角花乌蔹莓

12

C. japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep.

乌蔹莓

12

C. japonica var. mollis (Wall.) Momiyama

毛乌蔹莓

12

C. japonica var. pseudotrifolia (W. T. Wang) C. L. Li

尖叶乌蔹莓

12

C. oligocarpa (Lévl et Vaniot) Gagnep.

华中乌蔹莓

12

C. timoriensis var. mekongensis (C. Y. Wu ex W. T. Wang) C. L. Li

澜沧乌蔹莓

12

C. trifolia (L.) Domin

三叶乌蔹莓

12 12

Cissus 白粉藤属 C. adnata Roxb.

贴生白粉藤

12

C. alata Jacq.

菱叶白粉藤

12

C. assamica (M. A. Lawson) Craib

苦郎藤

12

C. elongata Roxb.

五叶白粉藤

12

C. glaberrima Steud.

粉藤果

12

C. gongylodes (Baker) Burch. ex Baker

垂帘滕

12

C. hexangularis Thorel ex Planch.

翅茎白粉藤

12

C. javana DC.

青紫葛

12

C. kerrii Craib

鸡心藤

12

C. pteroclada Hayata

翼茎白粉藤

12

C. quadrangula L.

方茎青紫葛

12

C. repens Lam.

白粉藤

12

C. sicyoides L.

锦屏藤

12

C. triloba (Lour.) Merr.

掌叶白粉藤

12 12

Cyphostemma 葡萄瓮属 C. juttae (Dinter et Gilg) Desc.

葡萄瓮

12 12

Leea 火筒树属 L. aculeata Bl. ex Spreng.

具刺火筒树

12

L. aequata L.

圆腺火筒树

12

L. asiatica (L.) Ridsdale

单羽火筒树

12

L. compactiflora Kurz

密花火筒树

12

L. guineensis G. Don

台湾火筒树

12

L. indica (Burm. f.) Merr.

火筒树

12

L. macrophylla Roxb.

大叶火筒树

12 12

Parthenocissus 地锦属 P. chinensis C. L. Li

小叶地锦

12

P. dalzielii Gagnep.

异叶地锦

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Vitaceae 葡萄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. henryana (Hemsl.) Graebn. ex Diels et Gilg

花叶地锦

12

P. laetevirens Rehd.

绿叶地锦

12

P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch.

五叶地锦

12

P. semicordata (Wall.) Planch.

三叶地锦

12

P. semicordata var. rubrifolia (Lévl et Vaniot) C. L. Li

红三叶地锦

12

P. tricuspidata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch.

地锦

12 12

Tetrastigma 崖爬藤属 T. cambodianum Pierre ex Gagnep.

柬埔寨爬藤

12

T. caudatum Merr. ex Chun

尾叶崖爬藤

12

T. cauliflorum Merr.

茎花崖爬藤

12

T. cruciatum Craib et Gagnep.

十字崖爬藤

12

T. dubium (Lawson) Planch.

长果三叶崖爬藤

12

T. erubescens Planch.

红枝崖爬藤

12

T. erubescens var. monophyllum Gagnep.

单叶红枝崖爬藤

12

T. hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg

三叶崖爬藤

12

T. henryi Gagn.

蒙耳崖爬藤

12

T. hypoglaucum Planch. ex Franch.

白背崖爬藤

12

T. jinghongense C. L. Li

景洪崖爬藤

12

T. kwangsiense C. L. Li

广西崖爬藤

12

T. lenticellatum C. Y. Wu

显孔崖爬藤

12

T. obovatum (Laws.) Gagnep.

毛枝崖爬藤

12

T. obtectum (Wall.) Planch.

崖爬藤

12

T. obtectum var. glabrum (Lévl) Gagnep.

无毛崖爬藤

12

T. pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun

厚叶崖爬藤

12

T. papillatum (Hance) C. Y. Wu

海南崖爬藤

12

T. planicaule (Hook.) Gagnep.

扁担藤

12

T. pubinerve Merr. et Chun

毛脉崖爬藤

12

T. retinervium Planch.

网脉崖爬藤

12

T. rupestre Planch.

石山崖爬藤

12

T. serrulatum var. pubinervium C. L. Li.

毛狭叶崖爬藤

12

T. tonkinense Gagnep.

越南崖爬藤

12

T. triphyllum (Gagnep.) W. T. Wang

菱叶崖爬藤

12

T. triphyllum var. hirtum (Gagnep.) W. T. Wang

毛菱叶崖爬藤

12

T. xishuangbannaense C. L. Li

西双版纳崖爬藤

12 12

Vitis 葡萄属 V. amurensis Rupr.

山葡萄

12

V. balanseana Planch.

小果葡萄

12

V. bryoniifolia Bunge

蘡薁

12

V. davidii (Rom. Caill.) Foëx

刺葡萄

12

V. flexuosa Thunb.

葛藟葡萄

12

V. hancockii Hance

菱叶葡萄

12

V. hekouensis C. L. Li

河口葡萄

12

V. heyneana Roem. et Schult.

毛葡萄

12

599

600

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Vitaceae 葡萄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

V. heyneana ssp. ficifolia (Bge.) C. L. Li

桑叶葡萄

12

V. piasezkii Maxim.

变叶葡萄

12

V. retordii Rom. Caill. ex Planch.

绵毛葡萄

12

V. romanetii Rom. Caill. ex Planch.

秋葡萄

12

V. sinocinerea W. T. Wang

小叶葡萄

12

V. vinifera L.

葡萄

12 12

Yua 俞藤属 Y. austro-orientalis (Metcalf) C. L. Li

大果俞藤

12

Y. thomsonii (Laws.) C. L. Li

俞藤

12

238. Xanthorrhoeaceae 黄脂木科 Subshrubs. Stems tufted, erect, multi-branching. Leaves opposite, blade acicular, conic or linear lanceolate; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, paniculate, corymbose or capitulum; bracts herbaceous, needlelike, ovate or lanceolate, sometimes with marginal thorns. Calyx tubular or campanulate, with 5 longitudinal veins, rarely 15, interveinal membranaceous, 5-lobed; gynoecium short, rarely long. Petals 5, red, rarely white, entire, rarely concave, clawed narrowly; corona short. Stamens 10, distichous, opposite to petals. Ovary 1-loculed, with 4–10 ovules; style 2. Fruit a capsule oblong or subglobose, membranous, irregularly dehiscing loculicidal or septicidal. Seeds 1–2, subreniform. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. None species and genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-238

Xanthorrhoea australis 澳洲黄脂木

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Xanthorrhoeaceae

Xanthorrhoeaceae 黄脂木科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Xanthorrhoea 黄脂木属 X. australis R. Br.

澳洲黄脂木

12

239. Xyridaceae 黄眼草科 Herbs perennial, rarely annual. Rhizome short and stout, usually bulbous. Leaves often basal, distichous, or a few polystichous; blade flat, ensiform, or filiform, rarely subcylindrical or slightly flat, sheathed at basal, without ligule or sometimes with 1 membranous ligule at upper part of leaf sheath. Inflorescence solitary, elongated or spherical head or spike, on long and erect scapes; bracts spirally imbricate, spikelet, hard, brown

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

601

yellow to black brown, glossy, margin dry membranous, apical round, concave or acuate, with 1 flower; sometimes 2 flowers in each involucre, each flower in a tiny bract axil, while apical inflorescence of three flowers in cymose and bracteolate absent, sessile or inconspicuous pedicels, actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic, 3-merous. Sepals (exterior perianth) usually free. Petals (interior perianth) large, zygomorphic and actinomorphic, apical lobes ovate or narrowly elliptic, with long claws, equal or almost equal, usually yellow, light white or blue, free or united into tubular. Stamens 3, opposite to petals. About five genera and ca. 300 species are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. One genus and six species found in China. A total of one species and one variety of the family Xyris pauciflora 葱草 are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A number of 33% (2/6) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-239

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Xyridaceae

Xyridaceae 黄眼草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Xyris 黄眼草属 X. capensis var. schoenoides (Mart.) Nilsson

黄谷精

12

X. pauciflora Willd.

葱草

12

240. Zingiberaceae 姜科 Herbs perennial, rarely annual; terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, often with aromatic, creeping or massive rhizomes, or sometimes with swollen tuberous. Stems tall or short or absent, usually sheathed at base. Leaves basal or cauline, usually in distichous, a few in spirals, leaf blade large, usually lanceolate or oval, with many dense and parallel, pinnate veins slanting from midvein, petioles present or absent; with open or closed leaf sheaths, apically conspicuous ligule. Flowers solitary or in spikes, racemes or panicles, on stems or from rhizomes alone, and born on scapes. Flowers bisexual (rarely polygamous, not in China), usually zygomorphic, Hedychium yunnanense 滇姜花 bracteolate. Perianth segments 6, in 2-whorled, outer whorl calyx like, usually connate into tubes, split on 1 side, apex 3-toothed or-lobed, inner whorl coronal-like, showing and tender, basal connate into tubes, upper part 3-lobed, usually one abaxial perianth lobe larger than lateral two; 2 or 4 staminodes present, 2 lateral staminodes of outer whorl always reduced, petal like, toothed or absent; labellum formed from lateral 2 staminodes of inner whorl.

602

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

About 50 genera and 1300 species occur pantropical with center of diversity in South and Southeast Asia, some species in America and subtropical and warm-temperate Asia. Nineteen genera (one endemic) and 230 species found in China. A total of 293 species and nine varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 72% (165/230) species and 89% (17/19) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-240

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Zingiberaceae

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Aframomum 椒蔻属

12

A. angustifolium (Sonn.) K. Schum.

12

A. mala (K. Schum. ex Engl.) K. Schum.

12

A. thonneri de Wild.

12

Alpinia 山姜属

12

A. arctiflora (F. Muell.) Benth.

12

A. argentea (B. L. Burtt et R. M. Smith) R. M. Smith

银山姜

12

A. bambusifolia C. F. Liang et D. Fang

竹叶山姜

12

A. blepharocalyx K. Schum.

云南草蔻

12

A. blepharocalyx var. glabrior (Hand.-Mazz.) T. L. Wu

光叶云南草蔻

12

A. bracteata Roscoe

绿苞山姜

12

A. brevis T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

小花山姜

12

A. caerulea Benth.

蓝果山姜

12

A. calcarata (Haw.) Roscoe

距花山姜

12

A. conchigera Griff.

节鞭山姜

12

A. conghuaensis J. P. Liao et T. L. Wu

从化山姜

12

A. coplandii Ridl.

密毛山姜

12

A. coriacea T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

革叶山姜

12

A. coriandriodora D. Fang

香姜

12

A. elegans K. Schum.

12

A. emaculata S. Q. Tong

无斑山姜

12

A. formosana K. Schum.

美山姜

12

A. foxworthyi Ridl.

福氏山姜

12

A. galanga (L.) Willd.

红豆蔻

12

A. galanga var. pyramidata (Blume) K. Schumann

毛红豆蔻

12

A. globosa (Lour.) Horan.

脆果山姜

12

A. graminifolia D. Fang et G. Y. Lo

狭叶山姜

12

A. guangdongensis S. J. Chen et Z. Y. Chen

光叶假益智

12

A. guilinensis T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

桂草寇

12

A. guinanensis D. Fang et X. X. Chen

桂南山姜

12

A. hainanensis K. Schum.

草豆蔻

12

A. henryi K. Schum.

小草蔻

12

A. intermedia Gagnep.

光叶山姜

12

A. japonica (Thunb.) Miq.

山姜

12

A. jianganfeng T. L. Wu

箭杆风

12

A. jingxiensis D. Fang

靖西山姜

12

A. kwangsiensis T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

长柄山姜

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. luteocarpa Elmer

红背山姜

12

A. maclurei Merr.

假益智

12

A. malaccensis (N. L. Burman) Roscoe

毛瓣山姜

12

A. mesanthera Hayata

疏花山姜

12

A. mutica Roxb.

钝山姜

12

A. napoensis H. Dong et G. J. Xu

那坡山姜

12

A. nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt

黑果山姜

12

A. oblongifolia Hayata

华山姜

12

A. oceanica Burkill

滨海山姜

12

A. officinarum Hance

高良姜

12

A. ovoideicarpa H. Dong et G. J. Xu

卵果山姜

12

A. oxyphylla Miq.

益智

12

A. pinnanensis T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

柱穗山姜

12

A. platychilus K. Schum.

宽唇山姜

12

A. polyantha D. Fang

多花山姜

12

A. psilogyna D. Fang

矮山姜

12

A. pumila Hook. f.

花叶山姜

12

A. purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum.

紫花山姜

12

A. rubromaculata S. Q. Tong

红斑山姜

12

A. rugosa S. J. Chen et Z. Y. Chen

皱叶山姜

12

A. stachyodes Hance

密苞山姜

12

A. strobiliformis T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

球穗山姜

12

A. strobiliformis var. glabra T. L. Wu

光叶球穗山姜

12

A. tonkinensis Gagnep.

滑叶山姜

12

A. vittata W. Bull

花叶良姜

12

A. zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith

艳山姜

12 12

Amomum 豆蔻属 A. austrosinense D. Fang

三叶豆蔻

12

A. biflorum Jack

双花砂仁

12

A. chinense Chun

海南假砂仁

12

A. compactum Soland ex Maton

爪哇白豆蔻

12

A. coriandriodorum S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia

荽味砂仁

12

A. dealbatum Roxb.

长果砂仁

12

A. dolichanthum D. Fang

长花豆蔻

12

A. fragile S. Q. Tong

脆舌砂仁

12

A. gagnepainii T. L. Wu, K. Larsen et Turland

长序砂仁

12

A. glabrum S. Q. Tong

无毛砂仁

12

A. koenigii J. F. Gmel.

野草果

12

A. kwangsiense D. Fang et X. X. Chen

广西豆蔻

12

A. longiligulare T. L. Wu

海南砂仁

12

A. longipes Valeton

长梗豆蔻

12

A. longipetiolatum Merr.

长柄豆蔻

12

A. maximum Roxb.

九翅豆蔻

12

603

604

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. menglaense S. Q. Tong

勐腊砂仁

12

A. muricarpum Elmer

疣果豆蔻

12

A. neoaurantiacum T. L. Wu, K. Larsen et Turland

红壳砂仁

12

A. odontocarpum D. Fang

波翅豆蔻

12

A. oliganthum K. Schum.

少花豆蔻

12

A. paratsaoko S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia

拟草果

12

A. petaloideum (S. Q. Tong) T. L. Wu

宽丝豆蔻

12

A. purpureorubrum S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia

紫红砂仁

12

A. putrescens D. Fang

腐花豆蔻

12

A. quadratolaminare S. Q. Tong

方片砂仁

12

A. repoeense Pierre ex Gagnep.

云南豆蔻

12

A. scarlatinum H. T. Tsai et P. S. Chen

红花砂仁

12

A. sericeum Roxb.

银叶砂仁

12

A. subcapitatum Y. M. Xia

头花砂仁

12

A. testaceum Ridl.

白豆蔻

12

A. thysanochililum S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia

梳唇砂仁

12

A. tsao-ko Crevost et Lem.

草果

12

A. tuberculatum D. Fang

德保豆蔻

12

A. verrucosum S. Q. Tong

疣子砂仁

12

A. villosum Lour.

春砂仁

12

A. villosum var. xanthioides (Wall. ex Baker) T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

缩砂密

12

A. yunnanense S. Q. Tong

云南砂仁

12 12

Boesenbergia 凹唇姜属 B. albomaculata S. Q. Tong

白斑凹唇姜

12

B. longiflora (Wall.) Kuntze

心叶凹唇姜

12

B. plicata (Ridl.) Holttum

皱凹唇姜

12

B. prainiana (King ex Baker) Schltr. B. rotunda (L.) Mansf.

12 凹唇姜

12

Burbidgea 短唇姜属 B. stenantha Ridl.

狭花短唇姜

黄花大苞姜

距药姜

12 12

Cornukaempferia 角山柰属 C. aurantiflora Mood et K. Larsen

12 12

Cautleya 距药姜属 C. gracilis (Smith) Dandy

12 12

Caulokaempferia 大苞姜属 C. coenobialis (Hance) K. Larsen

12

角山柰

12 12

Curcuma 姜黄属 C. aeruginosa Roxb.

铜绿莪术

12

C. alismatifolia Gagnep.

姜荷花

12

C. amarissima Roscoe

味极苦姜黄

12

C. aromatica Salisb.

郁金

12

C. bicolor Mood et K. Larsen C. caesia Roxb.

12 黑心姜

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. comosa Roxb.

多毛姜黄

12

C. ecomata Craib

12

C. elata Roxb.

大莪术

12

C. exigua N. Liu

细莪术

12

C. flaviflora S. Q. Tong

黄花姜黄

12

C. haritha Mangaly et M. Sabu

12

C. harmandii Gagnep.

12

C. kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang

广西莪术

12

C. longa L.

姜黄

12

C. nankunshanensis N. Liu, X. B. Ye et Juan Chen

南昆山莪术

12

C. oligantha Trimen

少花姜黄

12

C. parviflora Wall.

小花姜黄(新拟)

12

C. parvula Gage

12

C. petiolata Roxb.

女皇郁金

12

C. phaeocaulis Valeton

莪术

12

C. rhabdota Sirirugsa et M. F. Newman

棒状莪术

12

C. roscoeana Wall.

橙苞姜黄

12

C. rubrobracteata Škornick., M. Sabu et Prasanthk.

红苞姜黄

12

C. sichuanensis X. X. Chen

川郁金

12

C. singularis Gagnep.

白色姜黄

12

C. strobilifera Wall. ex Baker

绿苞姜黄

12

C. thorelii Gagnep.

12

C. viridiflora Roxb.

绿花姜黄

12

C. wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling

温郁金

12

C. yunnanensis N. Liu et S. J. Chen

顶花莪术

12

C. zanthorrhiza Roxb.

印尼莪术

12 12

Distichochlamys 歧苞姜属 D. rubrostriata W. J. Kress et Rehse

红纹歧苞姜

12

Elettariopsis 地豆蔻属

12

E. curtisii Baker

12

E. monophylla (Gagnep.) Loes.

单叶拟豆蔻

E. smithiae Y. K. Kam

12 12 12

Etlingera 茴香砂仁属 E. brevilabrum (Valeton) R. M. Smith

指唇姜

12

E. corrugata A. D. Poulsen et Mood

皱茴香砂仁

12

E. elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith

火炬姜

12

E. littoralis (J. König) Giseke

红茴砂

12

E. maingayi (Baker) R. M. Smith

白苞茴香砂仁

12

E. pyramidosphaera (K. Schum.) R. M. Smith

婆罗玫瑰姜

12

E. venusta (Ridl.) R. M. Smith

冰淇淋火炬姜

12

E. yunnanensis (T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen) R. M. Smith

茴香砂仁

12 12

Gagnepainia 玉凤姜属 G. godefroyi (Baill.) K. Schum.

绿花玉凤姜(新拟)

12

605

606

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. thoreliana (Baill.) K. Schum.

玉凤姜(新拟)

12

Globba 舞花姜属

12

G. adhaerens Gagnep.

12

G. arracanensis Kurz

12

G. barthei Gagnep.

毛舞花姜

12

G. emeiensis Z. Y. Zhu

峨眉舞花姜

12

G. flagellaris K. Larsen

12

G. insectifera Ridl.

12

G. kerrii Craib

12

G. lancangensis Y. Y. Qian

澜沧舞花姜

12

G. marantina L.

12

G. orixensis Roxb.

12

G. pendula Roxb.

12

G. purpurascens Craib

12

G. racemosa Smith

舞花姜

G. radicalis Roxb.

12 12

G. schomburgkii Hook. f.

双翅舞花姜

12

G. schomburgkii var. angustata Gagnep.

小珠舞花姜

12

G. sessiliflora Sims

无柄舞花姜(新拟)

12

G. siamensis (Hemsl.) Hemsl.

泰国舞花姜(新拟)

12

G. wengeri (C. E. C. Fisch.) K. J. Williams G. winitii C. H. Wright

12 美苞舞花姜

12

G. xantholeuca Craib

12

Hedychium 姜花属

12

H. biflorum Sirirugsa et K. Larsen

12

H. bijiangense T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

碧江姜花

H. bousigonianum Pierre ex Gagnep.

12 12

H. brevicaule D. Fang

矮姜花

12

H. coccineum Buch.-Ham.

红姜花

12

H. convexum S. Q. Tong

唇凸姜花

12

H. coronarium J. König

姜花

12

H. densiflorum Wall.

密花姜花

12

H. elatum R. Br.

12

H. flavum Roxb.

黄姜花

12

H. forrestii Diels

圆瓣姜花

12

H. forrestii var. latebracteatum K. Larsen

宽苞圆瓣姜花

12

H. glabrum S. Q. Tong

无毛姜花

12

H. gracile Roxb.

12

H. hasseltii Bl.

哈氏姜花

12

H. horsfieldii R. Br. ex Wall.

爪哇姜花

12

H. khaomaenense Picheans. et Mokkamul H. kwangsiense T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen H. longicornutum Griff. ex Baker

12 广西姜花

12 12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

H. menghaiense X. Hu et N. Liu

勐海姜花

12

H. muluense R. M. Smith

马来姜花

12

H. paludosum M. R. Hend

12

H. parvibracteatum T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

小苞姜花

12

H. pauciflorum S. Q. Tong

少花姜花

12

H. philippinense K. Schum.

12

H. roxburghii Bl.

12

H. rubrum A. S. Rao et D. M. Verma

深红姜花

12

H. sinoaureum Stapf

小花姜

12

H. spicatum Smith

草果药

12

H. spicatum var. acuminatu (Roscoe) Wallich

疏花草果药

12

H. stenopetalum Lodd.

狭瓣姜花

12

H. tenellum (K. Schum.) R. M. Smith

12

H. tengchongense Y. B. Luo

腾冲姜花

12

H. villosum Wall.

毛姜花

12

H. villosum var. tenuiflorum Wall. ex Baker

小毛姜花

12

H. wardii C. E. C. Fisch.

12

H. ximengense Y. Y. Qian

西盟姜花

12

H. yungjiangense S. Q. Tong

盈江姜花

12

H. yunnanense Gagnep.

滇姜花

12 12

Hemiorchis 兰花姜属 H. burmanica Kurz

缅甸兰花姜

H. rhodorrhachis K. Schum.

12 12

Hitchenia 姜黄花属 H. glauca Wall.

12

姜黄花

12

Hornstedtia 大豆蔻属

12

H. elongata (Teijsm. et Binn.) K. Schum.

12

H. hainanensis T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

大豆蔻

H. scottiana (F. Muell) K. Schum. H. tibetica T. L. Wu et S. J. Chen

12 12

西藏大豆蔻

12

H. tomentosa (Blume) Bakh. f.

12

Kaempferia 山柰属

12

K. angustifolia Roscoe

12

K. elegans (Wall.) Baker

紫花山柰

12

K. galanga L.

山柰

12

K. galanga var. latifolia (Donn) Gagnep.

大叶山柰

12

K. larsenii Sirirugsa

12

K. marginata Carey ex Roscoe

苦山柰

12

K. parviflora Wall. ex Baker

小花山柰

12

K. rotunda L.

海南三七

12

Larsenianthus 窄唇姜属

12

L. careyanus (Benth.) W. J. Kress et Mood

12

Plagiostachys 偏穗姜属

12

607

608

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. megacarpa Julius et A. Takano

12

Pleuranthodium 垂序姜属

12

P. hellwigii (K. Schum.) R. M. Smith

12

P. schlechteri (K. Schum.) R. M. Smith

12

P. trichocalyx (Valeton) R. M. Smith

12 12

Pommereschea 直唇姜属 P. lackneri Wittm.

直唇姜

12

P. spectabilis (King et Prain) K. Schum.

短柄直唇姜

12 12

Pyrgophyllum 苞叶姜属 P. yunnanense (Gagnep.) T. L. Wu et Z. Y. Chen

苞叶姜

12

Renealmia 艳苞姜属 R. cernua (Sw. ex Roem. et Schult.) J. F. Macbr.

12

俯垂艳苞姜

12

R. nicolaioides Loes.

12

Rhynchanthus 喙花姜属

12

R. beesianus W. W. Smith

喙花姜

12

R. longiflorus Hook. f.

12

Riedelia 蝎尾姜属

12

R. corallina Valeton

12

Roscoea 象牙参属

12

R. cautleyoides Gagnep.

早花象牙参

12

R. kunmingensis S. Q. Tong

昆明象牙参

12

R. scillifolia (Gagnep.) Cowley

绵枣象牙参

12

R. tibetica Batalin

臧象牙参

12 12

Siamanthus 角果姜属 S. siliquosus K. Larsen et J. Mood

角果姜

12

Siliquamomum 长果姜属 S. tonkinense Baill.

12

长果姜

12

Siphonochilus 管唇姜属

12

S. aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B. L. Burtt

12

S. brachystemon (K. Schum.) B. L. Burtt

12

Smithatris 叉唇姜属

12

S. supraneanae W. J. Kress et K. Larsen

12 12

Stahlianthus 土田七属 S. campanulatus Kuntze

钟花土田七

12

S. involucratus (King ex Baker) Craib ex Loes.

土田七

12 12

Zingiber 姜属 Z. aurantiacum (Holttum) Theilade

橙苞姜

12

Z. barbatum Wall.

髯毛姜

12

Z. cochleariforme D. Fang

匙苞姜

12

Z. collinsii Mood et Theilade

花叶姜(新拟)

12

Z. corallinum Hance

珊瑚姜

12

Z. densissimum S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia

多毛姜

12

Z. ellipticum (S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia) Q. G. Wu et T. L. Wu

侧穗姜

12

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae continued

Zingiberaceae 姜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

Z. flavomaculosum S. Q. Tong

黄斑姜

12

Z. fragile S. Q. Tong

脆舌姜

12

Z. gracile Jack

12

Z. guangxiense D. Fang

桂姜

12

Z. integrum S. Q. Tong

全舌姜

12

Z. laoticum Gagnep.

梭穗姜

12

Z. leptorrhizum D. Fang

细根姜

12

Z. ligulatum Roxb.

12

Z. longiglande D. Fang et D. H. Qin

长腺姜

12

Z. longyanjiang Z. Y. Zhu

龙眼姜

12

Z. macradenium K. Schum.

巨腺姜

12

Z. malaysianum C. K. Lim

午夜姜

12

Z. martinii R. M. Smith

12

Z. matutumense Mood et Theilade

12

Z. menghaiense S. Q. Tong

勐海姜

12

Z. mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe

蘘荷

12

Z. montanum (J. König) Link ex A. Dietr.

紫色姜

12

Z. neglectum Valeton

12

Z. neotruncatum T. L. Wu, K. Larsen et Turland

截形姜

12

Z. nigrimaculatum S. Q. Tong

黑斑姜

12

Z. nudicarpum D. Fang

光果姜

12

Z. odoriferum Bl.

12

Z. officinale Roscoe

姜

12

Z. orbiculatum S. Q. Tong

圆瓣姜

12

Z. ottensii Valeton

丰花姜

12

Z. papuanum Valeton

12

Z. phillippsiae Mood et Theilade

12

Z. pseudopungens R. M. Smith

12

Z. recurvatum S. Q. Tong et Y. M. Xia

弯管姜

12

Z. roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe

红柄姜

12

Z. rubens Roxb.

12

Z. smilesianum Craib

柱根姜

12

Z. stipitatum S. Q. Tong

唇柄姜

12

Z. striolatum Diels

阳荷

12

Z. thorelii Gagnep.

版纳姜

12

Z. tuanjuum Z. Y. Zhu

团聚姜

12

Z. vinosum Mood et Theilade

12

Z. viridiflavum Mood et Theilade

12

Z. wrayi Prain ex Ridl.

12

Z. yunnanense S. Q. Tong et X. Z. Liu

云南姜

12

Z. zerumbet (L.) Roscose ex Smith

红球姜

12

609

610

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

241. Zygophyllaceae 蒺藜科 Herbs perennial, subshrubs or shrubs, rarely annual. Stipules divided or undivided, often persistent. Leaves simple or pinnately compound, leaflets often opposite, sometimes alternate, fleshy. Flowers solitary or paired in leaf axils, sometimes in racemose, or cymose; bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Sepals 5, sometimes 4, imbricate or valvate. Petals 4–5, imbricate or valvate. Stamens as many as petals or 1–3 times, usually long and short alternately, outer whorl petals opposite; scales often at the lower part of filaments; anthers versatile. Ovary superior, 3–5-locular, rarely 2–12. Fruit a drupe, capsule, or schizocarp, leathery or fragile. Nitraria tangutorum 白刺 Twenty-six genera and ca. 284 species occur in temperate, tropical, and subtropical areas of Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. Six genera and 29 species found in China. A total of 13 species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A number of 41% (12/29) species and 83% (5/6) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table IV-241

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Zygophyllaceae

Zygophyllaceae 蒺藜科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 12

Nitraria 白刺属 N. roborowskii Kom.

大白刺

12

N. sibirica Pall.

小果白刺

12

N. sphaerocarpa Maxim.

泡泡刺

12

N. tangutorum Bobr.

白刺

12 12

Peganum 骆驼蓬属 P. harmala L.

骆驼蓬

12

P. multisectum (Maxim.) Bobr.

多裂骆驼蓬

12 12

Tetraena 四合木属 T. mongolica Maxim.

四合木

12

Tribulus 蒺藜属 T. terrestris L.

12

蒺藜

12 12

Zygophyllum 驼蹄瓣属 Z. fabago L.

骆驼瓣

12

Z. potaninii Maxim.

大花驼蹄瓣

12

Z. pterocarpum Bunge

翼果驼蹄瓣

12

Z. rosovii Bunge

石生驼蹄瓣

12

Z. xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim.

霸王

12

Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora included 14 families, 53 genera and 306 species in gymnosperms. A total of 191 species account for 62% of 307 known gymnosperm species documented in Flora of China and 116 are introduced from other parts of the world. All 12 families documented in Flora of China are presented in ex

IV

Introduction to Families of Angiospermae

611

situ garden flora of China. A total of 40 genera are included in ex situ garden flora of China, accounting for 95% of the total genera documented in Flora of China. Two genera not presented in the ex situ garden flora are Dacrycarpus and Sequoiadendron, which are either new records of geographic distribution or very rare in China. Of 40 genera in ex situ cultivation, 23 genera are oligopytic genera (1–5 species occur in China), of which 13 are monotypic genera (only one species occurs in China) belonging to seven families. In point of conservation of threatened and endangered plants. A total of 79 endangered and threatened species are included in the garden cultivation, accounting for 62% of 127 plants listed in Red list of China’s Biodiversity-High Plant Volume (2013, http://www.iplant.cn/rep/news/43). Of 28 plants critically endangered (CR) in the red list, 18 have been conserved in the botanical gardens, accounted for 64% of the total. Meanwhile, 27 endangered (EN) and 34 vulnerable (VU) species conserved in the gardens account for 69% (27/39) and 57% (34/60) of the totals, respectively.

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae 1. Araucariaceae 南洋杉科

Trees evergreen with resin cortex. Leaves spirally arranged or decussate-opposite, basal decurrent. Cones unisexual, dioecious or monoecious. Pollen cones cylindrical, solitary or clustered. Microsporophylls numerous, spirally arranged. Pollen without saccate. Seed cones solitary, terminal, composing of many spirally bracts. Ovule 1 inverted at ovulate scale basal or at bract scale abaxially. Cones mature in 2–3 years. Bract scales woody or thick leathery, flat, with 1 seed. Seeds flat, wingless, winged on both sides or winged at top. Three genera and 41 species widely occur in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, SW Pacific Islands, South America. Two genera and four species found in China. A total of nine species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. Araucaria excelsa 小叶南洋杉 A number of 100% (4/4) species of and all the two genera the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-1

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Araucariaceae

Araucariaceae 南洋杉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Agathis 贝壳杉属 A. alba (Lam.) Foxw.

白贝壳杉

13

A. dammara (Lamb.) Rich. et A. Rich

贝壳杉

13

A. robusta (C. Moore ex F. Muell.) F. M. Bailey

昆士兰贝壳杉

13 13

Araucaria 南洋杉属 A. angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

巴西南洋杉

13

A. araucana (Molina) K. Koch

智利南洋杉

13

A. bidwillii Hook.

大叶南洋杉

13

A. columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook.

小叶南洋杉

13

A. cunninghamii Sweet

南洋杉

13

A. heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco

异叶南洋杉

13

2. Cephalotaxaceae 三尖杉科 Trees or shrubs evergreen, with resin canals at pith. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, decussate-opposite or

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae

613

nearly opposite, twisted into two ranks at basal lateral branches, leaf midvein raised, 2 stomatal bands on abaxial. Pollen cones unisexual, dioecious, rarely monoecious. Pollen cones 6–11, aggregated into capitula inflorescences. Microsporophylls 4–16, each with 2–4 pollen sacs, pollen non-saccate. Seed cones long pedunculate, 2 erect ovules axillary on each bract. Seeds mature in second year, drupe-like, completely enclosed in fleshy aril, oval, ellipsoid, or globose, with apex mucronate. One genus and 8–11 species are widespread in China, India, Japan, R. O. Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Cephalotaxus sinensis 粗榧 Six species found in China. A total of seven species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 75% (6/8) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-2

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cephalotaxaceae

Cephalotaxaceae 三尖杉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Cephalotaxus 三尖杉属 C. fortunei Hook. f.

三尖杉

13

C. fortunei var. alpina Li

高山三尖杉

13

C. fortunei var. concolor Franch.

绿背三尖杉

13

C. hainanensis H. L. Li

海南粗榧

13

C. harringtonia (Knight ex J. Forbes) K. Koch

日本粗榧

13

C. lanceolata K. M. Feng

贡山三尖杉

13

C. mannii Hook. f.

西双版纳粗榧

13

C. oliveri Mast.

篦子三尖杉

13

C. sinensis (Rehd. et Wils.) Li

粗榧

13

3. Cupressaceae 柏科 Trees or shrubs evergreen. Leaves decussate-opposite or in 3–4 whorls, rarely spiral, scale, or needle-like, or two types. Pollen cones solitary, monoecious or dioecious; microsporophylls 3–8 pairs, decussate, each has 2–6 pollen sacs, pollen non-saccate. Seed cones 3–16 decussate or 3–4 whorled ovulate scales; bract scales and ovulate scales completely connate. Cones round, oval or cylindrical. Cone scales flat or peltate shaped, woody or nearly leathery, open when ripe or fleshy and berry shaped. Seeds with narrow wings, wingless or long and short wings at upper part. Nineteen genera and c. 125 species occur over the world.

Sabina chinensis 圆柏

614

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Nine genera and 61 species found in China. A total of 44 species, five varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 43% (26/61) species and 90% (9/10) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-3

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cupressaceae

Cupressaceae 柏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

C. columellaris F. Muell.

柱柏

翠柏

13 13

Chamaecyparis 扁柏属 C. formosensis Matsum.

13 13

Calocedrus 翠柏属 C. macrolepis Kurz

Volume 13

Callitris 澳柏属

红桧

13

C. lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl.

美国扁柏

13

C. nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach

黄扁柏

13

C. obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.

日本扁柏

13

C. pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.

日本花柏

13

C. thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns et Poggenb.

美国尖叶扁柏

13 13

Cupressus 柏木属 C. arizonica Greene

绿干柏

13

C. arizonica var. glabra (Sudw.) Little

光滑绿干柏

13

C. arizonica var. nevadensis (Abrams) Little

内华达柏木

13

C. chengiana S. Y. Hu

岷江柏木

13

C. duclouxiana Hickel

干香柏

13

C. funebris Endl.

柏木

13

C. gigantea Cheng et L. K. Fu

巨柏

13

C. goveniana Gord.

加利福尼亚柏木

13

C. lusitanica Mill.

墨西哥柏木

13

C. macnabiana A. Murr.

加州柏木

13

C. macrocarpa Hartw.

大果柏木

13

C. sempervirens L.

地中海柏木

13

C. torulosa D. Don

西藏柏木

F. hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas

13 13

Fokienia 福建柏属 福建柏

13 13

Juniperus 刺柏属 J. communis L.

欧洲刺柏

13

J. formosana Hayata

刺柏

13

J. pinchotii Subw.

红子桧

13

J. rigida Sieb. et Zucc.

杜松

13

J. sibirica Burgsd.

西伯利亚刺柏

13 13

Platycladus 侧柏属 P. orientalis (L.) Franco

侧柏

13 13

Sabina 圆柏属 S. chinensis (L.) Ant.

圆柏

13

S. chinensis f. alba (Standish ex Gordon) Rehder

米针柏

13

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae continued

Cupressaceae 柏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

S. chinensis var. sargentii (Henry) Cheng et L. K. Fu

偃柏

13

S. davurica (Pall.) Ant.

兴安圆柏

13

S. gaussenii Cheng et W. T. Wang

昆明柏

13

S. pingii var. wilsonii (Rehder) Cheng et L. K. Fu

香柏

13

S. pingii (Cheng ex Ferre) Cheng et W. T. Wang

垂枝香柏

13

S. procumbens (Endl.) Iwata et Kusaka

铺地柏

13

S. przewalskii Kom.

祁连圆柏

13

S. recurva var. coxii (A. B. Jackson) Cheng et L. K. Fu

小果垂枝柏

13

S. squamata (Buch.-Hamilt.) Ant.

高山柏

13

S. tibetica Kom.

大果圆柏

13

S. virginiana (L.) Ant.

铅笔柏

13

S. vulgaris Ant.

叉子圆柏

13

S. wallichiana (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Kom.

滇藏方枝柏

13 13

Thuja 崖柏属 T. koraiensis Nakai

朝鲜崖柏

13

T. occidentalis L.

北美香柏

13

T. plicata D. Don

北美乔柏

13

T. standishii (Gord.) Carr.

日本香柏

13

T. sutchuenensis Franch.

崖柏

13 13

Thujopsis 罗汉柏属 T. dolabrata (L. f.) Sieb. et Zucc

罗汉柏

13 13

Xanthocyparis 金柏属 X. vietnamensis Farjon et Hiep

越南黄金柏

13

4. Cycadaceae 苏铁科 Woody plants evergreen, dioecious, mostly palmlike. Trunk often densely covered with persistent bases of woody leaf. Vegetative leaves large, 1-pinnately deep compound, with pinnae leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate, midveins distinct and basal decurrent. Microsporophylls oval or cylindrical, flat, anthers sessile. Megasporophylls middle and lower part narrowed into stalk like, with 2–10 ovules on both sides of stalk. One genus and c. 60 species: E Africa (including Madagascar), E and S Asia, N Australia, Pacific Islands 16 species found in China. Ornamental species such as Cycas revoluta Thunb. widely cultivated worldwide. Other species (e.g., C. circinalis L., C. media R. Brown, C. pectinata, C. rumphii Miq., C. taitungensisC. F. Shen et al., and C. thouarsii R. Br.) are excellent ornamentals. The stem starch, “sago” is edible. A paste of Cycas seeds and

Cycas pectinata 篦齿苏铁

615

616

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

coconut oil is used for the treatment of skin complaints, wounds, ulcers, sores, and boils. A total of 37 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 100% (16/16) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-4

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cycadaceae

Cycadaceae 苏铁科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Cycas 苏铁属 C. angulata R. Br.

角苏铁

13

C. balansae Warb.

巴兰萨苏铁

13

C. bifida (Dyer) K. D. Hill

叉叶苏铁

13

C. cairnsiana F. Muell.

凯恩苏铁

13

C. changjiangensis N. Liu

葫芦苏铁

13

C. circinalis L.

拳叶苏铁

13

C. crassipes H. T. Chang, Y. C. Zhong et Z. F. Lu

厚柄苏铁

13

C. debaoensis Y. C. Zhong et C. J. Chen

德保苏铁

13

C. diannanensis Z. T. Guan et G. D. Tao

滇南苏铁

13

C. elongata (Leandri) D. Y. Wang

越南篦齿苏铁

13

C. fairylakea D. Y. Wang

仙湖苏铁

13

C. ferruginea F. N. Wei

锈毛苏铁

13

C. guizhouensis K. M. Lan et R. F. Zou

贵州苏铁

13

C. hainanensis C. J. Chen

海南苏铁

13

C. hongheensis S. Y. Yang et S. L. Yang

红河苏铁

13

C. javana (Miq.) de Laub.

爪哇苏铁

13

C. media R. Brown

奥苏铁

13

C. micholitzii Dyer

越南叉叶苏铁

13

C. miquelii Warb.

石山苏铁

13

C. multipinnata C. J. Chen et S. Y. Yang

多歧苏铁

13

C. ophiolitica K. D. Hill

蛇纹岩苏铁

13

C. panzhihuaensis L. Zhou et S. Y. Yang

攀枝花苏铁

13

C. pectinata Buch.-Ham

篦齿苏铁

13

C. petrae A. Lindstr. et K. D. Hill

岩石苏铁

13

C. revoluta Thunb.

苏铁

13

C. rumphii Miq.

刺叶苏铁

13

C. segmentifida D. Y. Wang et C. Y. Deng

叉孢苏铁

13

C. siamensis Miq.

云南苏铁

13

C. silvestris K. D. Hill

密林苏铁

13

C. simplicipinna (Smitinand) K. D. Hill

单羽苏铁

13

C. szechuanensis C. Y. Cheng, W. C. Cheng et L. K. Fu

四川苏铁

13

C. taitungensis C. F. Shen et al.

台东苏铁

13

C. taiwaniana Carruth.

台湾苏铁

13

C. tanqingii D. Y. Wang

绿春苏铁

13

C. thouarsii R. Br.

光果苏铁

13

C. tonkinensis (Linden et Rodigas) L. Linden et Rodigas

河内苏铁

13

C. wadei Merr.

韦德苏铁

13

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae

617

5. Ephedraceae 麻黄科 Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbaceous. Stems many branches, branchlets opposite or whorled, green, cylindric, terete, internodes with fine longitudinal grooves. Leaves degenerate, opposite or whorled into sheaths. Dioecious, rarely monoecious. Cones ovoid or round. Pollen cones with membranous pseudo-bracts 2–8. Seed cones with saccular leathery scales (pseudoperianth), enclosing ovule outside; scaled thickened into fleshy, red or orange red. Seeds 1–3. One genus and c. 40 species occur in arid regions of East and North Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Ephedra intermedia 中麻黄 Fourteen species found in China. A total of eight species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A number of 57% (8/14) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-5

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ephedraceae

Ephedraceae 麻黄科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Ephedra 麻黄属 E. distachya L.

蛇麻黄

13

E. equisetina Bge.

木贼麻黄

13

E. intermedia Schrenk et Mey.

中麻黄

13

E. likiangensis Florin

丽江麻黄

13

E. przewalskii Stapf

膜果麻黄

13

E. regeliana Florin

细子麻黄

13

E. saxatilis Royle ex Florin

藏麻黄

13

E. sinica Stapf

草麻黄

13

6. Ginkgoaceae 银杏科 Trees deciduous. Trunk tall, densely branched; dimorphic as long and short branches. Leaves flabellate, long petiolate, venation parallel, dichotomous. Leaves scattered spirally on long branches but clustered on short branches. Cones unisexual and dioecious. Pollen cones pedunculate and catkin like. Seed cones long pedunculate and often dichotomously branched at peduncular end; fork discoid at apex with one erect ovule each. Seeds drupe-like, with long pedicellate, pendulous, testa fleshy. Only one genus and one species occur in China.

Ginkgo biloba 银杏

618

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 100% (1/1) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-6

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ginkgoaceae

Ginkgoaceae 银杏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Ginkgo 银杏属 G. biloba L.

银杏

13

7. Gnetaceae 买麻藤科 Large vines, woody, evergreen, rarely shrubs or trees. Stems with swollen nodes. Leaves simple, opposite, petiolate, estipulate; blade leathery or semi-leathery, pinnately veins. Flowers unisexual, dioecious and rarely monoecious. Cones elongated into long and thin spikes, with multiple whorled connate cupular involucres. Pollen cones on branchlets, each involucre with 20–80 male flowers, closely arranged into 2–4 whorls, male flowers with cupular, succulent pseudoperianth, stamens often 2, rarely 1. Seed cones often lateral on old branches, each whorl of involucre Gnetum montanum 买麻藤 with 4–12 female flowers, pseudoperianth, saccate, tightly enclosing ovules. Succulent outer layer of ovule integument connate with pseudoperianth and develop into pseudotesta. Seeds drupe-like, enclosed in red or orange fleshy aril. One genus and about 40 species occur mostly in tropical and subtropical Asia, fewer species in West Africa and Northwestern South America. Nine species found in China. A total of five species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A number of 44% (4/9) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-7

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Gnetaceae

Gnetaceae 买麻藤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Gnetum 买麻藤属 G. gnemon L.

灌状买麻藤

13

G. gnemon var. brunonianum (Griff.) Markgr.

少苞买麻藤

13

G. lofuense C. Y. Cheng

罗浮买麻藤

13

G. montanum Markgr.

买麻藤

13

G. montanum f. megalocarpum Markgr.

大子买麻藤

13

G. parvifolium (Warb.) C. Y. Cheng ex Chun

小叶买麻藤

13

G. pendulum C. Y. Cheng

垂子买麻藤

13

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae

8. Pinaceae 松科 Trees evergreen or deciduous, rarely shrubs. Branches often dimorphic, long and short branches. Leaves linear or needle like, basal not decurrent; linear leaves flat; needle leaves 2–5 needles in bundles, subtended by a leaf sheath. Cones unisexual, monoecious. Pollen cones with many spirally arranged microsporophylls, each with 2 microsporangia. Seed cones comprise many spirally arranged ovulate scales and bract scales; ovulate scales develop into seed scales after anthesis. Seed cones erect or pendulous, mature in the first, second, third year, dehiscent when ripe, rarely indehiscent; seed scales woody or leathery, persistent or deciduous after cone maturity, with 2 seeds adaxially. Seeds terminally membranous winged. Ten or eleven genera and c. 235 species widely occur in northern hemisphere. Ten genera and c. 149 species found in China. Species of the Pinaceae are commercially important timber plants over the world. Most species are widely used for sources of lumber, wood products, resins, as well as ornamentals. A total of 85 species and nine varieties of the Pinus yunnanensis 云南松 family are cultivated in at least 12 botanical gardens. A number of 46% (69/149) species and all ten genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-8

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pinaceae

Pinaceae 松科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Abies 冷杉属 A. alba Mill.

欧洲冷杉

13

A. chensiensis Tiegh.

秦岭冷杉

13

A. delavayi Franch.

苍山冷杉

13

A. ernestii var. salouenensis (Borderes-Rey et Gaussen) Cheng et L. K. Fu

云南黄果冷杉

13

A. fabri (Mast.) Craib

冷杉

13

A. fargesii Franch.

巴山冷杉

13

A. firma Sieb. et Zucc.

日本冷杉

13

A. forrestii Coltm.-Rog.

川滇冷杉

13

A. georgei Orr

长苞冷杉

13

A. georgei var. smithii (Viguie et Gaussen) Cheng et L. G. Fu

急尖长苞冷杉

13

A. grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl.

大冷杉

13

A. holophylla Maxim.

杉松

13

A. homolepis Sieb. et Zucc.

日本银叶冷杉

13

A. koreana E. H. Wilson

朝鲜冷杉

13

619

620

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Pinaceae 松科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. squamata Mast.

鳞皮冷杉

13

A. yuanbaoshanensis Y. J. Lu et L. K. Fu

元宝山冷杉

13

A. ziyuanensis L. K. Fu et S. L. Mo

资源冷杉

13 13

Cathaya 银杉属 C. argyrophylla Chen et Kuang

银杉

13 13

Cedrus 雪松属 C. atlantica Manetti

北非雪松

13

C. deodara (Roxb.) G. Don

雪松

13

C. libani A. Rich.

黎巴嫩雪松

13 13

Keteleeria 油杉属 K. calcarea Cheng et L. K. Fu

黄枝油杉

13

K. cyclolepis Flous.

江南油杉

13

K. davidiana (Bertr.) Beissn.

铁坚油杉

13

K. davidiana var. chien-peii (Flous) Cheng et L. K. Fu.

青岩油杉

13

K. evelyniana Mast.

云南油杉

13

K. fortunei (Murr.) Carr.

油杉

13

K. hainanensis Chun et Tsiang

海南油杉

13

K. pubescens Cheng et L. K. Fu

柔毛油杉

13 13

Larix 落叶松属 L. chinensis Beissn.

太白红杉

13

L. decidua Mill.

欧洲落叶松

13

L. gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen.

落叶松

13

L. kaempferi (Lam.) Carr.

日本落叶松

13

L. olgensis Henry

黄花落叶松

13 13

Picea 云杉属 P. abies (L.) Karst.

欧洲云杉

13

P. asperata Mast.

云杉

13

P. brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz.

麦吊云杉

13

P. brachytyla var. complanata (Mast.) Cheng ex Rehd.

油麦吊云杉

13

P. jezoensis var. microsperm (Lindl.) Cheng et L. K. Fu

鱼鳞云杉

13

P. koraiensis Nakai

红皮云杉

13

P. likiangensis (Franch.) Pritz.

丽江云杉

13

P. pungens Engelm.

蓝粉云杉

13

P. purpurea Mast.

紫果云杉

13

P. smithiana (Wall.) Boiss.

长叶云杉

13

P. wilsonii Mast.

青扦

13 13

Pinus 松属 P. armandii Franch.

华山松

13

P. banksiana Lamb.

北美短叶松

13

P. bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.

白皮松

13

P. caribaea Morelet

加勒比松

13

P. densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.

赤松

13

P. echinata Mill.

萌芽松

13

P. elliottii Engelm.

湿地松

13

P. fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.

海南五针松

13

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae continued

Pinaceae 松科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. fenzeliana var. dabeshanensis (Cheng et Law) L. K. Fu et Nan Li

大别山五针松

13

P. griffithii McClelland

乔松

13

P. halepensis Mill.

阿勒颇松

13

P. henryi Mast.

巴山松

13

P. kesiya Royle ex Gordon

卡西亚松

13

P. kesiya var. langbianensis (A. Chev.) Gaussen

思茅松

13

P. koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.

红松

13

P. kwangtungensis Chun et Tsiang

华南五针松

13

P. massoniana Lamb.

马尾松

13

P. oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl.

卵果松

13

P. palustris Mill.

长叶松

13

P. parviflora Sieb. et Zucc.

日本五针松

13

P. patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham.

垂叶松

13

P. pinaster Ait.

海岸松

13

P. pinea Sieb. et Zucc.

意大利石松

13

P. ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.

西黄松

13

P. pseudostrobus Lindl.

假球松

13

P. radiata D. Don

辐射松

13

P. rigida Mill.

刚松

13

P. sibirica Du Tour.

新疆五针松

13

P. squamata X. W. Li

巧家五针松

13

P. strobus L.

北美乔松

13

P. sylvestris L.

欧洲赤松

13

P. sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.

樟子松

13

P. tabuliformis Carr.

油松

13

P. taeda L.

火炬松

13

P. taiwanensis Hayata

黄山松

13

P. thunbergii Parl.

黑松

13

P. virginiana Min.

矮松

13

P. wangii Hu et Cheng

毛枝五针松

13

P. yunnanensis Franch.

云南松

13 13

Pseudolarix 金钱松属 P. amabilis (Nelson) Rehd.

金钱松

13 13

Pseudotsuga 黄杉属 P. forrestii Craib

澜沧黄杉

13

P. gaussenii Flous

华东黄杉

13

P. sinensis Dode

黄杉

13 13

Tsuga 铁杉属 T. canadensis (L.) Carrière

加拿大铁杉

13

T. chinensis (Franch.) Pritz.

铁杉

13

T. chinensis var. tchekiangensis (Flous) Cheng et L. K. Fu

南方铁杉

13

T. dumosa (D. Don) Eichler

云南铁杉

13

T. forrestii Downie

丽江铁杉

13

T. longibracteata Cheng

长苞铁杉

13

621

622

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

9. Podocarpaceae 罗汉松科 Trees or shrubs evergreen. Leaves polymorphic, linear, lanceolate, elliptical, subulate, scales or degenerated into leaflike branches, spirally scattered, subopposite or decussate. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, rarely monoecious. Pollen cones spike like, with many microsporophylls arranged spirally, each with 2 microsporangia, pollen saccate, rarely non-saccate. Seed cones comprise spirally arranged bracts, ovule 1 in each bract axils, enclosed by saccular or copular sheath, pedunculate or sessile. Seeds drupe or nutlike, with aril or fleshy receptacle, or sessile. Eighteen genera and c. 180 species are widespread in tropical, subtropical, and south temperate zones, Podocarpus macrophyllus 罗汉松 mainly in the southern hemisphere but extending to montane tropical Africa, Central America, and Japan. Two genera and 16 species found in China. A total of 14 species and 2 varieties, of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 63% (10/16) species and all the two of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table V-9

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Podocarpaceae

Podocarpaceae 罗汉松科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Afrocarpus 非洲杉属 A. falcatus (Thunb.) C. N. Page

非洲罗汉松

13 13

Dacrydium 陆均松属 D. pierrei Hickel

Volume

陆均松

13 13

Nageia 竹柏属 N. fleuryi (Hickel) de Laubenf.

长叶竹柏

13

N. nagi (Thunb.) Kuntze

竹柏

13

N. wallichiana (Presl) O. Kuntze

肉托竹柏

13 13

Podocarpus 罗汉松属 P. annamiensis N. E. Gray

海南罗汉松

13

P. brevifolius (Stapf) Foxw.

小叶罗汉松

13

P. costalis Presl

兰屿罗汉松

13

P. elatus R. Br. ex Mirb.

高大罗汉松

13

P. forrestii Craib et W. W. Smith

大理罗汉松

13

P. henkelii Stapf ex Dallim. et A. B. Jacks.

肯氏罗汉松

13

P. imbricatus Blume

鸡毛松

13

P. macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don

罗汉松

13

P. macrophyllus var. angustifolius Bl.

狭叶罗汉松

13

P. macrophyllus var. maki Endl.

短叶罗汉松

13

P. neriifolius D. Don

百日青

13

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae

623

10. Stangeriaceae 蕨铁科 The family is recognized as having vascularized stipules, and by lacking cataphylls, or producing them irregularly. Woody plants evergreen. Rhizomes often branched. Scaleless or irregularly. Vascularized stipules distinct at basal of leaves. Megasporophyll and microsporophyll terminal, solitary at stem apical. Seeds on lower side of megasporophyll, actinomorphic, testa purple or with feathery pubescence. Only in South Africa and Queensland, Australia, fossils are also known from Jurassic sediments in Argentina and the British Isles. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. Table V-10

Stangeria eriopus 蕨叶苏铁

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Stangeriaceae

Stangeriaceae 蕨铁科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Bowenia 波温铁属 B. serrulata (W. Bull) Chamb.

裂叶苏铁

13

B. spectabilis Hook.

波温苏铁

13 13

Stangeria 蕨铁属 S. eriopus (Kunze) Baill.

蕨叶苏铁

13

11. Taxaceae 红豆杉科 Trees or shrubs evergreen. Leaves linear or lanceolate, spirally or arranged or decussate, abaxial surface with 1 stomatal band on both side of midvein, resin canal present or absent on leaves. Cones unisexual, dioecious, rarely monoecious. Pollen cones solitary, axillary on branch apically. Microsporophylls numerous, each with 3–9 pollen sacs, non-saccate. Seed cones solitary or paired, pedunculated or sessile, with bracts at base; ovule 1, erect, with basal discoid or funnelform receptacle. Seeds drupe like, with a fleshy pseudotesta or nutlike, enclosed in a cupular aril succulent pseudotesta, short peduncle or nearly sessile. Five genera and 21 species occur mainly northern Taxus chinensis 红豆杉 hemisphere. Four genera and 16 species found in China. A total of 15 species and two varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 63% (10/16) species and all the four genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

624

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table V-11

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Taxaceae

Taxaceae 红豆杉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Amentotaxus 穗花杉属 A. argotaenia (Hance) Pilger

穗花杉

13

A. yunnanensis H. L. Li

云南穗花杉

13

白豆杉

13

13

Pseudotaxus 白豆杉属 P. chienii (Cheng) Cheng

13

Taxus 红豆杉属 T. baccata L.

欧洲红豆杉

13

T. brevifolia Nutt.

美国红豆杉

13

T. chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.

红豆杉

13

T. chinensis var. mairei (Lemee et Levl.) Cheng et L. K. Fu

南方红豆杉

13

T. cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.

东北红豆杉

13

T. cuspidata var. nana Rehder

矮紫杉

13

T. fuana Nan Li et R. R. Mill

命叶红豆杉

13

T. wallichiana Zucc.

西藏红豆杉

13

T. yunnanensis Cheng et L. k. Fu

云南红豆杉

13 13

Torreya 榧树属 T. fargesii Franch.

巴山榧树

13

T. grandis Fort. et Lindl.

榧树

13

T. jackii Chun

长叶榧树

13

T. nucifera (L.) Sieb. et Zucc.

日本榧树

13

T. yunnanensis Cheng et L. K. Fu

云南榧树

13

12. Taxodiaceae 杉科 Trees evergreen or deciduous. Trunk straight, branches whorled or subwhorled. Leaves spirally arranged, scattered, lanceolate, subulate, scalelike or linear. Cones unisexual, monoecious. Microsporophylls and cone scales spirally arranged, rarely decussate. Pollen cones small, and often microsporangia with (2 or) 3 or 4 (–9) pollen sacs, non-saccate. Seed cone ovules scales semi connate with bract scales or completely united, ovule scales tiny or bract scales vestigial; and ovules 2–9 on ventral base of scales; cones mature in the first year, open when ripe. Seed scales (or bract scales) flat or peltate, persistent or falling off gradually after ripening. Seeds flat or triangular, with narrow wings around or on both sides, or with a long Cunninghamia lanceolata 杉木 wing on proximal part. Nine genera and 12 species widely occur in Asia and North America. Eight genera and nine species found in China. A total of 13 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 89% (8/9) species and 88% (7/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

V Table V-12

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Taxodiaceae

Taxodiaceae 杉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Cryptomeria 柳杉属 C. fortunei Hooibrenk ex Otto et Dietr.

柳杉

13

C. japonica (L. f.) D. Don

日本柳杉

13 13

Cunninghamia 杉木属 C. konishii Hayata

台湾杉木

13

C. lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.

杉木

13 13

Glyptostrobus 水松属 G. pensilis (Staunt.) Koch

13

水松

13

Metasequoia 水杉属 M. glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng

13

水杉

13

Sciadopitys 金松属 S. verticillata (Thunb.) Sieb. et Zucc.

13

金松

13

Sequoia 北美红杉属 S. sempervirens (Lamb.) Endl.

13

北美红杉

13

Taiwania 台湾杉属 T. cryptomerioides Hayata

台湾杉

13

T. flousiana Gaussen

秃杉

13 13

Taxodium 落羽杉属 T. ascendens Brongn.

池杉

13

T. distichum (L.) Rich.

落羽杉

13

T. mucronatum Tenore

墨西哥落羽杉

13

13. Welwitschiaceae 百岁兰科 shrubs perennial, dwarf. Stem massive, woody. Leaves, only one pair, large, banded; often survive for > 100 years. Cones unisexual, dioecious, born on depressed apex of stems. Pollen cones with 6 male flowers, central one ovule not completely developed. Seed cone perianth tubular; ovule with a layer of integument, integument apex extending into micropylar tube. The family contains a single genus and single extant species, Welwitschia mirabilis, which lives in the Kaokoveld Desert of Angola and Namibia in southwestern Africa. Only one species of the family are cultivated in one botanical garden. Table V-13

Welwitschia mirabilis 百岁兰

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Welwitschiaceae

Welwitschiaceae 百岁兰科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Welwitschia 百岁兰属 W. mirabilis Hook. f.

Volume

百岁兰

13

625

626

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

14. Zamiaceae 泽米铁科 Woody plants evergreen, superficially palmlike or fernlike. Stem stout. Leaves scaly, stipulate or estipulate, without vascular bundles; vegetative leaves large, 1-pinnate compound, pinnae long elliptic to obovate elliptic, multiple parallelly longitudinal veins or dichotomous veinlets, without midvein, basal nodes. Pollen cones long and cylindrical. Seed cones long globose to ovoid. Ovules 1–2 per megasporophyll. Seeds actinomorphic, testa red, orange or yellow. Nine genera and c. 100 species occur primarily in tropical to warm temperate regions, North, Central and Encephalartos manikensis 长籽苏铁 South America, Africa, Australia. A total of 40 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. Table V-14

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Zamiaceae

Zamiaceae 泽米铁科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Ceratozamia 角状铁属 C. mexicana Brongn.

墨西哥苏铁

13

C. robusta Miq.

巨型角果泽米

13 13

Dioon 双子铁属 D. edule Lindl.

双子苏铁

13

D. edule var. angustifolium (Miq.) Miq.

狭叶双子苏铁

13

D. mejiae Standl. et L. O. Williams

洪都拉斯双子铁

13

D. spinulosum Dyer

大型双子铁

13

D. tomasellii de Luca, Sabato et Vázq. Torres

中苏铁

13 13

Encephalartos 非洲铁属 E. aemulans Vorster

毛果奈特非洲铁

13

E. arenarius R. A. Dyer.

沙生非洲铁

13

E. cupidus R. A. Dyer

短刺叶非洲铁

13

E. ferox G. Bertol

刺叶非洲铁

13

E. friderici-guilielmi Lehm.

弗氏非洲铁

13

E. gratus Prain

合意非洲铁

13

E. hildebrandtii A. Braun et Bouché

休得布朗非洲铁

13

E. kisambo Faden et Bsentie

沙步苏铁

13

E. lebomboensis Verd.

兰波姆波非洲铁

13

E. lehmannii Lehm.

雷曼氏大苏铁

13

E. manikensis (Gilliland) Gilliland

长籽苏铁

13

E. natalensis R. A. Dyer et Verdoorn

奈特非洲铁

13

E. transvenosus Stapf et Burtt Davy

雨王非洲铁

13

E. villosus Lem.

柔毛非洲铁

13 13

Lepidozamia 鳞木铁属 L. peroffskyana Regel

裴氏鳞木铁

13

V

Introduction to Families of Gymnospermae

627

continued Zamiaceae 泽米铁科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Macrozamia 澳洲铁属 M. communis L. A. S. Johnson

大泽米

13

M. montana K. D. Hill

艾叶大泽米

13

M. moorei F. Muell.

摩瑞大泽米

13

M. mountperriensis F. M. Bailey

派瑞大泽米

13

M. pauli-guilielmi W. Hill et F. Muell.

宽叶大泽米

13

M. platyrhachis F. M. Bailey

宽柄大泽米

13

M. spiralis (Salisb.) Miq.

辐射大泽米

13 13

Zamia 泽米铁属 Z. amblyphyllidia D. W. Stev.

钝叶泽米

13

Z. cremnophila Vovides, Schutzman et Dehgan

长刺叶泽米铁

13

Z. fischeri Miq.

费切尔泽米

13

Z. furfuracea L. f.

鳞秕泽米铁

13

Z. integrifolia L. f.

全叶泽米

13

Z. lecointei Ducke

利昆特泽米铁

13

Z. loddigesii Miq.

蓝蒂盖丝泽米

13

Z. muricata Willd.

短尖泽米铁

13

Z. pumila L.

矮泽米

13

Z. roezlii Linden

罗兹泽米

13

Z. variegata Warsz.

多色泽米铁

13

Z. vazquezii D. W. Stev., Sabato et de Luca

管栎泽米

13

Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora included 57 families, 176 genera and 986 species in pteridophytes. A total of 843 species account for ca. 38% of 2250 known pteridophyte species documented in Flora of China and 1407 are introduced from other parts of the world. All 38 families documented in Flora of China are presented in ex situ garden flora of China. A total of 134 genera are included in ex situ garden flora of China, accounting for 76% of the total genera documented in Flora of China. However, 43 genera, i.e. 24% of the total are missing from the garden cultivation, suggesting more efforts are needed to address national ex situ conservation need in China. Of 134 genera in ex situ cultivation, 71 genera are oligotypic genera (1–5 species occur in China), of which 28 are monotypic genera (only one species occurs in China) belonging to 19 families. In point of conservation of threatened and endangered plants, two out of five species in category extinct (EX) have been saved in botanical garden ex situ conservation, while three out five species in category regional extinct (RW) have been brought into garden cultivation. A total of 64 endangered and threatened species are included in the garden cultivation, accounting for 42% of 151 plants listed in Red list of China’s Biodiversity-High Plant Volume (2013, http://www.iplant.cn/rep/news/43). Of 28 plants critically endangered (CR) in the red list, 14 have been conserved in the botanical gardens, accounted for 50% of the total. Meanwhile, 23 endangered (EN) and 27 vulnerable (VU) species conserved in the gardens account for 40% (23/57) and 41% (27/66) of the totals, respectively.

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta 1. Acrostichaceae 卤蕨科

Plants coastal swamp. Rhizome erect. Leaves dimorphic or not but only fertile in upper pinnae; 1-pinnate odd arranged, tough herbaceous or thick leathery; venation without internal veinlets. Sporangia densely on abaxial surface of lamina or pinnae fertile; sporangia large, annuli erect, side dehiscence; sporangia clusters with paraphyses. Three species widely occur in the pan tropics. Two species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. 100% (2/2) species of and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-1

Acrostichum aureum 卤蕨

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Acrostichaceae

Acrostichaceae 卤蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Acrostichum 卤蕨属 A. aureum L.

卤蕨

13

A. speciosum Willd.

尖叶卤蕨

13

2. Adiantaceae 铁线蕨科 Ferns small and medium-sized, terrestrial. Lamina mostly pinnate compound, occasionally solitary, herbaceous or thick papery; apical pinnules ovate, flabellate, orbicular-flabellate or or dimidiate. Veins dichotomously forked, reaching margins. Sori not born on lamina margin, but on apex of veins under recurved, membranous margins (false indusium). Sporangia globose, annuli erect, side dehiscence. More than 200 species widespread from cold temperate to tropics, mostly in South America. Only one genus and ca. 16 species found in China. A total of 22 species, one variety and one form of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 100% (16/16) species and only the one

Adiantum flabellulatum 扇叶铁线蕨

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-2

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Adiantaceae

Adiantaceae 铁线蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Adiantum 铁线蕨属 A. capillus-junonis Rupr.

团羽铁线蕨

13

A. capillus-veneris L.

铁线蕨

13

A. capillus-veneris f. dissectum (Matt. et Galeot) Ching

条裂铁线蕨

13

A. caudatum L.

鞭叶铁线蕨

13

A. davidii Franch.

白背铁线蕨

13

A. diaphanum Blume

长尾铁线蕨

13

A. edentulum Christ

月芽铁线蕨

13

A. edgeworthii Hook.

普通铁线蕨

13

A. erythrochlamys Diels

肾盖铁线蕨

13

A. fimbriatum Christ

长盖铁线蕨

13

A. flabellulatum L.

扇叶铁线蕨

13

A. hispidulum Sw.

毛叶铁线蕨

13

A. macrophyllum Sw.

大叶铁线蕨

13

A. malesianum Ghatak

假鞭叶铁线蕨

13

A. monochlamys Eaton

单盖铁线蕨

13

A. myriosorum Baker

灰背铁线蕨

13

A. pedatum L.

掌叶铁线蕨

13

A. peruvianum Klotzsch.

秘鲁铁线蕨

13

A. philippense L.

半月形铁线蕨

13

A. pubescens Schkuhr

毛叶铁线蕨

13

A. raddianum K. Presl

楔叶铁线蕨

13

A. reniforme var. sinense Y. X. Lin

荷叶铁线蕨

13

A. roborowskii Maxim.

陇南铁线蕨

13

A. trapeziforme L.

梯叶铁线蕨

13

3. Angiopteridaceae 观音座莲科 Rhizome short and erect, stout and fleshy, capitate. A pair of pulvini present at bases of lamina. When juvenile fronds emerge like boxing roll, large size, 1–2-pinnate. Veins free, bifurcated or simple. Sporangia boat shaped, with undeveloped annuli apically, arranged in two rows along veins, forming linear, oblong or sometimes orbicular sori, opening via a vertical slit on inner surface of each valve. About 30–40 species (but most are poorly defined) widely occur in the Paleotropic, from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands; also introduced and naturalized in Hawaii, Jamaica, and Central America. Two genera and ca. 37 species found in China.

Angiopteris caudatiformis 披针观音座蕨

629

630

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

A total of 21 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 41% (15/37) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-3

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Angiopteridaceae

Angiopteridaceae 观音座莲科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. caudatiformis Hieron.

披针观音座蕨

13

A. esculenta Ching

食用观音座莲

13

A. fokiensis Hieron.

福建观音座莲

13

A. henryi Hieron.

透明脉观音座莲

13

A. hokouensis Ching

河口观音座莲

13

A. itoi (W. C. Shieh) J. M. Camus

伊藤氏原始观音坐莲

13

A. latemarginata Ching

宽边观音座莲

13

A. lygodiifolia Rosenst.

观音座莲

13

A. omeiensis Ching

峨眉观音座莲

13

A. palmiformis (Cav.) C. Chr.

兰屿观音座莲

13

A. parvifolia Ching et Fu

小叶莲座蕨

13

A. robusta Ching

强壮观音座莲

13

A. sparsisora Ching

法斗观音座莲

13

A. wangii Ching

王氏观音座莲

13

A. yunnanensis Hieron.

云南观音座莲

13

13

Angiopteris 观音座莲属

13

Archangiopteris 原始观音座莲属 A. caudata Ching

尾叶原始观音座莲

13

A. henryi Christ et Gies.

亨利原始观音座莲

13

A. hokouensis Ching

河口原始观音座莲

13

A. subintegra Hayata

斜基原始观音座莲

13

A. subrotunda Ching

圆基原始观音座莲

13

A. tonkinensis (Hay.) Ching

尖叶原始观音座莲

13

4. Antrophyaceae 车前蕨科 Plants epiphytes. Rhizome covered with scaly clathrate. Fronds often clustered, monomorphic, simple, margin entire; stipes short or indistinct, only at basal scaly; lateral costae absence, lateral veins multidichotomous forming hexagonal anastomosing, without veinlets. Sori long, linear on lateral veins, forming linear or reticular, often with coenosorus, soral lines mix, no indusia. About 40 poor-defined species occur over old world tropics. Nine species found in China. A total of 5 species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 44% (4/9) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in

Antrophyum obovatum 长柄车前蕨

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

631

botanical gardens. Table VI-4

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Antrophyaceae

Antrophyaceae 车前蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Antrophyum 车前蕨属 A. callifolium Blume

美叶车前蕨

13

A. coriaceum (Don) Wall. ex Moore

革叶车前蕨

13

A. henryi Hieron.

车前蕨

13

A. obovatum Baker

长柄车前蕨

13

A. vittarioides Bak.

书带车前蕨

13

5. Aspidiaceae 叉蕨科 Plants terrestrial. Rhizome short, erect or obliquely ascending. Fronds with stipes, but without joint at base, monomorphic or sometimes dimorphic, often 1-pinnate to multi-pinnate; veins multi-anastomosing, internal veinlets within. Lamina thin, texture herbaceous to thick papery. Sori round shaped; indusia orbicular reniform or orbicular peltate, persistent or fugacious, or sporangia scattered on veinlets without indusia. When mature, they converge and spread all over on abaxial surface of narrow fertile lamina; sporangia annuli erect and dehiscing horizontally from one side. About 100–150 species are widespread over the tropics Ctenitopsis devexa 毛叶轴脉蕨 and subtropics of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. A total of 24 species found in China. A total of 51 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 100% (24/24) species and 88% (7/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-5

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Aspidiaceae

Aspidiaceae 叉蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Ctenitis 肋毛蕨属 C. apiciflora (Wall. ex Mett.) Ching

Volume

顶囊肋毛蕨

13

C. confusa Ching

贵州肋毛蕨

13

C. costulisora Ching

靠脉肋毛蕨

13

C. decurrentipinnata (Ching) Ching

海南肋毛蕨

13

C. heterolaena (C. Chr.) Ching

异鳞肋毛蕨

13

C. maximowicziana (Miq.) Ching

阔鳞肋毛蕨

13

C. membranifolia Ching et C. H. Wang

膜叶肋毛蕨

13

C. nidus (Clarke) Ching

长柄肋毛蕨

13

C. pseudorhodolepis Ching et C. H. Wang

棕鳞肋毛蕨

13

C. rhodolepis (Clarke) Ching

虹鳞肋毛蕨

13

C. tibetica Ching et S. K. Wu

西藏肋毛蕨

13

632

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Aspidiaceae 叉蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Ctenitopsis 轴脉蕨属 C. devexa (Kunze) Ching et C. H. Wang

毛叶轴脉蕨

13

C. fuscipes (Bedd.) Trad.-Blot et C. Chr.

黑鳞轴脉蕨

13 13

C. glabra Ching et C. H. Wang

光滑轴脉蕨

C. hainanensis Ching et C. H. Wang

海南轴脉蕨

13

C. kusukusensis (Hayata) C. Chr.

台湾轴脉蕨

13

C. sagenioides (Mett.) Ching

轴脉蕨

13

C. sagenioides var. glabrescens Ching et C. H. Wang

光叶轴脉蕨

13

C. setulosa (Bak.) C. Chr. ex Tard.-Blot et C. Chr.

棕毛轴脉蕨

13

C. sinii (Ching) Ching

厚叶轴脉蕨

13

C. subsageniaca (Christ) Ching

无盖轴脉蕨

13 13

Dryopsis 轴鳞蕨属 D. clarkei (Baker) Holttum et Edwards

膜边轴鳞蕨

13

D. heterolaena (C. Chr.) Holltum et Edwards

异鳞轴鳞蕨

13

D. mariformis (Rosenst.) Holttum et Edwards

泡鳞轴鳞蕨

13 13

Hemigramma 沙皮蕨属 H. decurrens (Hook.) Cop.

沙皮蕨

P. winitii Holtt.

13 13

Pleocnemia 黄腺羽蕨属 黄腺羽蕨

13 13

Pteridrys 牙蕨属 P. australis Ching

毛轴牙蕨

13

P. cnemidaria (Christ) C. Chr. et Ching

薄叶牙蕨

13

P. lofouensis (Christ) C. Chr. et Ching

云贵牙蕨

13 13

Quercifilix 地耳蕨属 Q. zeylanica (Houtt.) Cop.

地耳蕨

13

大齿叉蕨

13

13

Tectaria 叉蕨属 T. coadunata (Wall. ex Hook. et Grev.) C. Chr. T. decurrens (Presl) Cop.

下延叉蕨

13

T. dubia (Bedd.) Ching

大叶叉蕨

13

T. ebenina (C. Chr.) Ching

黑柄叉蕨

13

T. fauriei Tagawa

芽孢叉蕨

13

T. grossedentata Ching et C. H. Wang

粗齿叉蕨

13

T. hekouensis Ching et C. H. Wang

河口叉蕨

13

T. impressa (Fée) Holttum

疣状叉蕨

13

T. kweichowensis Ching et C. H. Wang

贵州叉蕨

13 13

T. leptophylla (C. H. Wright) Ching

剑叶叉蕨

T. media Ching

中形叉蕨

13

T. phaeocaulis (Rosenst.) C. Chr.

条裂叉蕨

13

T. polymorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Cop.

多形叉蕨

13

T. remotipinna Ching et C. H. Wang

疏羽叉蕨

13

T. simaoensis Ching et C. H. Wang

思茅叉蕨

13

T. simonsii (Baker) Ching

燕尾叉蕨

13

T. simulans Ching

中间叉蕨

13

T. subpedata (Harr.) Ching

掌状叉蕨

13

T. subtriphylla (Hook. et Arn.) Cop.

三叉蕨

13

T. variabilis Tard.-Blot et Ching

多变叉蕨

13

T. vasta (Blume) Cop.

翅柄叉蕨

13

T. yunnanensis (Baker) Ching

云南叉蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

633

6. Aspleniaceae 铁角蕨科 Plants lithophytic or epiphytic. Rhizomes and fronds scaly; scales of fronds coarse foramina ethmoidale. Fronds herbaceous or leathery to subfleshy; stipe herbaceous, with two vascular bundles at basal. Lamina various shapes, from simple, deeply lobed to multiple pinnate. Veins mostly free. Sori mostly linear, along upper side of veinlet, rarely on lower side of veinlet, often indusiate; indusia long or linear. Sporangia keel shaped, with annuli erect, discontinuously. Two genera and ca. 700 species occur over the world, but mainly in montane and (sub) tropical regions. Eight genera and 107 species and species Asplenium prolongatum 长叶铁角蕨 complexes found in China. A total of 59 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 22% (24/107) species and 75% (6/8) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-6

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Aspleniaceae

Aspleniaceae 铁角蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Asplenium 铁角蕨属 A. adiantum-nigrum L.

黑色铁角蕨

13

A. austrochinense Ching

华南铁角蕨

13

A. belangeri (Bory) Kze.

南方铁角蕨

13

A. bulbiferum Forst.

芽孢铁角蕨

13

A. bullatum Wall. ex Mett.

大盖铁角蕨

13

A. cheilesorum Kunze ex Mett.

齿果铁角蕨

13

A. coenobiale Hance

线裂铁角蕨

13

A. consimile Ching ex S. H. Wu

相似铁角蕨

13

A. crinicaule Hance

毛轴铁角蕨

13

A. ensiforme Wall. ex Hook. et Grev.

剑叶铁角蕨

13

A. excisum C. Presl

切边铁角蕨

13

A. falcatum Lam.

镰叶铁角蕨

13

A. finlaysonianum Wall. ex Hook.

网脉铁角蕨

13

A. fuscipes Baker

乌木铁角蕨

13

A. griffithianum Hook.

厚叶铁角蕨

13

A. gulingense Ching et S. H. Wu

庐山铁角蕨

13

A. incisum Thunb.

虎尾铁角蕨

13

A. indicum Sledge

胎生铁角蕨

13

A. indicum var. yoshinagae (Makino) Ching et S. H. Wu

棕鳞铁角蕨

13

A. loriceum Christ

南海铁角蕨

13

A. loxogrammoides Christ

江南铁角蕨

13

A. moupinense Franch.

宝兴铁角蕨

13

A. neolaserpitiifolium Tardieu et Ching

大羽铁角蕨

13

634

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Aspleniaceae 铁角蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. normale D. Don

倒挂铁角蕨

13

A. pekinense Hance

北京铁角蕨

13

A. praemorsum Sw.

西南铁角蕨

13

A. prolongatum Hook.

长叶铁角蕨

13

A. pseudolaserpitiifolium Ching

假大羽铁角蕨

13

A. retusullum Ching

微凹铁角蕨

13

A. sampsoni Hance

岭南铁角蕨

13

A. sarelii Hook.

华中铁角蕨

13

A. saxicola Rosenst.

石生铁角蕨

13

A. scortechinii Bedd.

狭叶铁角蕨

13

A. serratissimum Ching ex S. H. Wu

华东铁角蕨

13

A. subcrenatum Ching ex S. H. Wu

圆齿铁角蕨

13

A. subvarians Ching ex C. Chr.

钝齿铁角蕨

13

A. tenerum Forst.

膜连铁角蕨

13

A. tenuifolium D. Don

细裂铁角蕨

13

A. thunbergii Kunze

羽裂铁角蕨

13

A. trichomanes L.

铁角蕨

13

A. tripteropus Nakai

三翅铁角蕨

13

A. unilaterale Lam.

半边铁角蕨

13

A. varians Wall. ex Hook. et Grev.

变异铁角蕨

13

A. wilfordii Merr. ex Kuhn

闽浙铁角蕨

13

A. wrightii Eaton ex Hook.

狭翅铁角蕨

13

A. wrightioides Christ

疏齿铁角蕨

13

A. yunnanense Franch.

云南铁角蕨

13 13

Boniniella 细辛蕨属 B. cardiophylla (Hance) Tagawa

细辛蕨

C. sibiricus Rupr.

13 13

Camptosorus 过山蕨属 过山蕨

13 13

Neottopteris 巢蕨属 N. antiqua (Makino) Masamune

大鳞巢蕨

13

N. antrophyoides (Christ) Ching

狭翅巢蕨

13

N. humbertii (Tard.-Blot) Tagawa

扁柄巢蕨

13

N. latipes Ching ex S. H. Wu

阔翅巢蕨

13

N. longistipes Ching ex S. H. Wu

长柄巢蕨

13

N. nidus (L.) J. Sm.

巢蕨

13

N. phyllitidis (D. Don) J. Sm.

长叶巢蕨

13

N. simonsiana (Hook.) J. Sm.

狭叶巢蕨

13

N. subantiqua Ching ex S. H. Wu

黑鳞巢蕨

13 13

Phyllitis 对开蕨属 P. scolopendrium (L.) Newm.

对开蕨

13

Sinephropteris 水鳖蕨属 S. delavayi (Franch.) Michel

13

水鳖蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

635

7. Athyriaceae 蹄盖蕨科 Plants terrestrial. Stipe no basal joints, sometimes thickened, tapered and spindle shaped, with 2 flat vascular bundles at base. Lamina often herbaceous or papery, simple to 3-pinnate; veins free, rarely anastomosing. Sori various shapes: orbicular, elliptical, linear, crescent, J-shape, orbicular-reniform, horseshoe, usually on upper side of veins, sometimes in pairs on upper and lower sides of veins, indusiate or exindusiate. Sporangium annuli erect, transverse slit via one side. Twenty-five genera and ca. 600 species occur worldwide from tropical to frigid zones of both hemispheres. Allantodia contermina 边生短肠蕨 Twenty genera and 278 species found in China. A total of 91 species, two varieties and one form of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 11% (33/287) species and 85% (17/20) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-7

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Athyriaceae

Athyriaceae 蹄盖蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Allantodia 短肠蕨属 A. alata (Christ) Ching

狭翅短肠蕨

13

A. aspera (Blume) Ching

粗糙短肠蕨

13

A. bella (Clarke) Ching

美丽短肠蕨

13

A. chinensis (Baker) Ching

中华短肠蕨

13

A. contermina (Christ) Ching

边生短肠蕨

13

A. dilatata (Blume) Ching

毛柄短肠蕨

13

A. doederleinii (Luerss.) Ching

光脚短肠蕨

13

A. hachijoensis (Nakai) Ching

薄盖短肠蕨

13

A. hainanensis Ching

海南短肠蕨

13

A. himalayensis Ching

褐色短肠蕨

13

A. hirsutipes (Bedd.) Ching

篦齿短肠蕨

13

A. hirtipes (Christ) Ching

鳞轴短肠蕨

13

A. laxifrons (Rosenst.) Ching

异裂短肠蕨

13

A. matthewii (Cop.) Ching

阔片短肠蕨

13

A. maxima (Don) Ching

大叶短肠蕨

13

A. megaphylla (Baker) Ching

大羽短肠蕨

13

A. metteniana (Miq.) Ching

江南短肠蕨

13

A. muricata (Mett.) W. M. Chu et Z. R. He

高大短肠蕨

13

A. okudairai (Makino) Ching

假耳羽短肠蕨

13

A. ovata W. M. Chu

卵果短肠蕨

13

A. petelotii (Tardieu) Ching

褐柄短肠蕨

13

A. petrii (Tardieu) Ching

假镰羽短肠蕨

13

636

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Athyriaceae 蹄盖蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. pinnatifido-pinnata (Hook.) Ching

羽裂短肠蕨

13

A. prolixa (Rosenst.) Ching

双生短肠蕨

13

A. quadrangulata W. M. Chu

四棱短肠蕨

13

A. siamensis (C. Chr.) Ching et W. M. Chu

长羽柄短肠蕨

13

A. sikkimensis (C. B. Clarke) Ching

锡金短长蕨

13

A. similis W. M. Chu

肉刺短肠蕨

13

A. spectabilis (Wall. ex Mett.) Ching

密果短肠蕨

13

A. squamigera (Mett.) Ching

鳞柄短肠蕨

13

A. stenochlamys (C. Chr.) Ching

网脉短肠蕨

13

A. succulenta (Clarke) Ching

肉质短肠蕨

13

A. virescens (Kunze) Ching

淡绿短肠蕨

13

A. viridescens (Ching) Ching

草绿短肠蕨

13

A. viridissima (Christ) Ching

深绿短肠蕨

13

A. wichurae (Mett.) Ching

耳羽短肠蕨

13 13

Anisocampium 安蕨属 A. sheareri (Baker) Ching

华东安蕨

13 13

Athyriopsis 假蹄盖蕨属 A. japonica (Thunb.) Ching

假蹄盖蕨

A. petersenii (Kunze) Ching

毛轴假蹄盖蕨

13 13 13

Athyrium 蹄盖蕨属 A. anisopterum Christ

宿蹄盖蕨

13

A. delavayi Christ

翅轴蹄盖蕨

13

A. delicatulum Ching et S. K. Wu

薄叶蹄盖蕨

13

A. deltoidofrons Makino

修株蹄盖蕨

13

A. devolii Ching

湿生蹄盖蕨

13

A. dissitifolium (Baker) C. Chr.

疏叶蹄盖蕨

13

A. epirachis (Christ) Ching

轴果蹄盖蕨

13

A. imbricatum Christ

密羽蹄盖蕨

13

A. iseanum Rosenst.

长江蹄盖蕨

13

A. niponicum (Mett.) Hance

日本蹄盖蕨

13

A. omeiense Ching

峨眉蹄盖蕨

13

A. otophorum (Miq.) Koidz.

光蹄盖蕨

13

A. pubicostatum Ching et Z. Y. Liu

贵州蹄盖蕨

13

A. strigillosum (Moore ex Lowe) Moore ex Salom

软刺蹄盖蕨

13

A. vidalii (Franch. et Sav.) Nakai

尖头蹄盖蕨

13

A. wardii (Hook.) Makino

华中蹄盖蕨

13

A. yokoscense (Franch. et Sav.) Christ

禾秆蹄盖蕨

13 13

Callipteris 菜蕨属 C. esculenta (Retz.) J. Sm. ex Moore et Houlst.

菜蕨

13

C. esculenta var. pubescens (Link) Ching

毛轴菜蕨

13

C. paradoxa (Fée) Moore

刺轴菜蕨

13 13

Cornopteris 角蕨属 C. decurrenti-alata (Hook.) Nakai

角蕨

13

C. opaca (Don) Tagawa

黑叶角蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta continued

Athyriaceae 蹄盖蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. opaca f. glabrescens Kurata

变光黑叶角蕨

13 13

Cystopteris 冷蕨属 C. moupinensis Franch.

宝兴冷蕨

13

C. sudetica A. Br. et Milde

欧洲冷蕨

13 13

Dictyodroma 网蕨属 D. formosanum (Rosenst.) Ching

全缘网蕨

13

D. hainanense Ching

海南网蕨

13 13

Diplaziopsis 肠蕨属 D. cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr.

川黔肠蕨

13

D. javanica (Blume) C. Chr.

肠蕨

13 13

Diplazium 双盖蕨属 D. crassiusculum Ching

厚叶双盖蕨

13

D. donianum (Mett.) Tard.-Blot

双盖蕨

13

D. donianum var. aphanoneuron (Ohwi) Tagawa

隐脉双盖蕨

13

D. pinfaense Ching

薄叶双盖蕨

13

D. proliferum (Lam.) Thouars

多生菜蕨

13

D. serratifolium Ching

锯齿双盖蕨

13

D. splendens Ching

大叶双盖蕨

13

D. subsinuatum (Wall.ex Hook. et Grev.) Tagawa

单叶双盖蕨

13 13

Dryoathyrium 介蕨属 D. boryanum (Willd.) Ching

介蕨

13

D. chinense Ching

中华介蕨

13

D. confusum Ching et Hsu

陕甘介蕨

13

D. henryi (Baker) Ching

鄂西介蕨

13

D. okuboanum (Makino) Ching

华中介蕨

13

D. stenopteron (Baker) Ching

川东介蕨

13

D. unifurcatum (Baker) Ching

峨眉介蕨

13

D. viridifrons (Makino) Ching

绿叶介蕨

G. oyamense (Baker) Ching

东亚羽节蕨

拟鳞毛蕨

13 13

Lunathyrium 峨眉蕨属 L. shennongense Ching

13 13

Kuniwatsukia 拟鳞毛蕨属 K. cuspidata (Bedd.) Pic. Ser.

13 13

Gymnocarpium 羽节蕨属

华中蛾眉蕨

13

M. dinghushanicum Ching et S. H. Wu

鼎湖山毛轴线盖蕨

13

M. pullingeri (Baker) Tagawa

毛轴线盖蕨

13

13

Monomelangium 毛轴线盖蕨属

13

Pseudocystopteris 假冷蕨属 P. atkinsonii (Bedd.) Ching

大叶假冷蕨

13 13

Rhachidosorus 轴果蕨属 R. blotianus Ching

脆叶轴果蕨

13

R. consimilis Ching

喜钙轴果蕨

13

R. mesosorus (Makino) Ching

轴果蕨

13

云贵轴果蕨

13

R. truncatus Ching

637

638

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

8. Azollaceae 满江红科 Plants small, floating. Fronds sessile, alternate, in 2 rows on stems, imbricate arrangement. Most of sporocarp usually in pairs, but a few in 4 cluster at base of lateral branches. About seven species occur in tropical to temperate regions worldwide. Two species (introduced) found in China. A total of 1 subspecies of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens.

Azolla pinnatasubsp.asiatica 满江红

Table VI-8

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Azollaceae

Azollaceae 满江红科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Azolla 满江红属 A. pinnatasubsp.asiaticaR. M. K. Saunders et K. Fowler

满江红

13

9. Blechnaceae 乌毛蕨科 Plants terrestrial or sometimes epiphytic. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, stipitate; stipes with multiple vascular bundles, forming a circle; lamina one pinnate, pinnatifid, thick paper to leathery. Veins free or anastomosing. Sori elongate or oval commissure on veinlets parallel to midrib or on both side of midrib; indusiate, indusium facing toward costa or costule, rarely exindusiate. Sporangia large, annuli longitudinal, interrupted at base. About 14 genera and ca. 250 species occur worldwide, the greatest diversity located in southern tropics. Seven genera and 14 species found in China. Blechnum gibbum 疣茎乌毛蕨 A total of ten species of the family are cultivated at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 64% (9/14) species and 71% (5/7) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-9

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Blechnaceae

Blechnaceae 乌毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Blechnum 乌毛蕨属 B. gibbum (Lab.) Mett.

Volume

疣茎乌毛蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

639

continued Blechnaceae 乌毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. orientale L.

乌毛蕨

13 13

Brainea 苏铁蕨属 B. insignis (Hook.) J. Sm.

苏铁蕨

13 13

Chieniopteris 崇澍蕨属 C. harlandii (Hook.) Ching

崇澍蕨

13 13

Struthiopteris 荚囊蕨属 S. eburnea (Christ) Ching

荚囊蕨

13 13

Woodwardia 狗脊属 W. japonica (L. f.) Sm.

狗脊

13

W. magnifica Ching et P. S. Chiu

滇南狗脊

13

W. orientalis Sw.

东方狗脊

13

W. prolifera Hook. et Arn.

珠芽狗脊

13

W. unigemmata (Makino) Nakai

顶芽狗脊

13

10. Bolbitidaceae 实蕨科 Plants terrestrial, occasionally aquatic. Rhizome covered with scales. Fronds nearly clustered, with long stipe, monomorphic or dimorphic, 1-pinnate or sometimes simple; lamina apex usually with a bulbil. Sterile fronds wider, sessile or nearly sessile, margin entire or wavy or light pinnatifid. Veins free or variously anastomosing, with or without included free veinlets. Fertile fronds narrow, with longer stipe, pinnae smaller. Sori cover all over abaxial surface of fertile pinnae. About 80 species occur pantropically, mainly in Bolbitis hekouensis 河口实蕨 Asia and the Pacific islands. Two genera and 11 species found in China. A total of 13 species of the family are cultivated at least 8 botanical gardens. A number of 100% (11/11) species and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-10

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Bolbitidaceae

Bolbitidaceae 实蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Bolbitis 实蕨属 B. angustipinna (Hayata) H. Itô

多羽实蕨

13

B. appendiculata (Willd.) K. Iwats.

刺蕨

13

B. confertifolia Ching

密叶实蕨

13

B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong

疏裂刺蕨

13

B. hekouensis Ching

河口实蕨

13

B. heteroclita (Presl) Ching

长叶实蕨

13

B. latipinna Ching

宽羽实蕨

13

640

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Bolbitidaceae 实蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

B. laxireticulata (K. Iwatsuki) C. M. Kuo.

网脉刺蕨

13

B. rhizophylla (Kaulfuss) Hennipman

根叶刺蕨

13

B. scalpturata (Fée) Ching

红柄实蕨

13

B. sinensis (Baker) K. Iwats.

中华刺蕨

13

B. subcordata (Cop.) Ching

华南实蕨

13

B. tonkinensis (C. Chr.) K. Iwats.

镰裂刺蕨

13

11. Botrychiaceae 阴地蕨科 Plants terrestrial or in rocky crevices. Stipe basal not in stipule shape. New fronds not in fist roll shape when emerging; fronds dimorphic, sterile lamina 1-many pinnate; veins free. Sporophylls with a long stalk, or borne on from common stipe, apical aggregated into cone-like sporangia spike. Sporangia sessile, borne in 2 rows along pinnate branches inside, not enclosed into sori receptacles, dehiscing horizontally. Between 50 and 60 species occur almost all over worldwide. Twelve species found in China. A total of 5 species of the family are cultivated in at least four botanical gardens. A total of 42% (5/12) species and the only genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Botrychium japonicum 华东阴地蕨

Table VI-11

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Botrychiaceae

Botrychiaceae 阴地蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Botrychium 阴地蕨属 B. daucifolium Wall.

薄叶阴地蕨

13

B. japonicum (Prantl) Underw.

华东阴地蕨

13

B. strictum Underw.

劲直阴地蕨

13

B. ternatum (Thunb.) Sw.

阴地蕨

13

B. virginianum (L.) Sw.

蕨萁

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

12. Cheiropleuriaceae 燕尾蕨科 Plants terrestrial or rocky crevices. Fronds dimorphic, simple; stipe basal densely rusty, long pubescence. Sterile lamina ovate to round, apical dimidiate or entire. Fertile lamina broad linear. Veins anastomosing, simple or bifurcated veinlets within. Sporangia on all over fertile fronds, annuli erect but slightly oblique, dehiscing horizontally from one side. Three species occur from Southern Japan, China, and Indochina to E Malesia. Two species found in China. Only one species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-12

Cheiropleuria bicuspis 燕尾蕨

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cheiropleuriaceae

Cheiropleuriaceae 燕尾蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Cheiropleuria 燕尾蕨属 C. bicuspis (Blume) C. Presl

燕尾蕨

13. Christenseniaceae 天星蕨科 Plants terrestrial. Rhizome creeping, fleshy. Stipe with two short fleshy pulvini at base. Fronds boxing roll like, when emerging; lamina palmate compound. Venation reticulate. Sori spherically aggregated, scattered on junction of venules abaxially. Sporangia dehiscence by vertical slit on ventral surface. One variable species scattered from Northeast India and Southeast Asia to the Solomon Islands. Only one species of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in at least two botanical gardens.

Christensenia assamica 天星蕨

13

641

642

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table VI-13

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Christenseniaceae

Christenseniaceae 天星蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Christensenia 天星蕨属 C. assamica (Griff.) Ching

天星蕨

13

14. Cyatheaceae 桫椤科 Plants tall treelike. Stems and stipes covered with thick dark-brown and lanceolate scales. Fronds multi pinnate; veins often free. Sori superficial (abaxial) or terminal, on protruding veins abaxially or raised receptacles, exindusiate, or indusia globes, cuplike, completely surrounding sporangia, fugacious. Sporangia is ovate, with complete annuli oblique. About five genera and >600 species occur in tropical region over the world. Two genera and 14 species found in China. A total of 12 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 86% (12/14) species and all two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Sphaeropteris brunoniana 白桫椤

Table VI-14

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Cyatheaceae

Cyatheaceae 桫椤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Alsophila 桫椤属 A. andersonii Scott ex Bedd.

毛叶桫椤

13

A. austroyunnanensis S. G. Lu

滇南桫椤

13

A. costularis Baker

中华桫椤

13

A. denticulata Baker

粗齿桫椤

13

A. gigantea Wall. ex Hook.

大叶黑桫椤

13

A. khasyana T. Moore ex Kuhn

西亚桫椤

13

A. latebrosa Wall. ex Hook.

阴生桫椤

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

643

continued Cyatheaceae 桫椤科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. metteniana Hance

小黑桫椤

13

A. podophylla Hook.

黑桫椤

13

A. spinulosa (Wall. ex Hook.) R. M. Tryon

桫椤

13 13

Sphaeropteris 白桫椤属 S. brunoniana (Hook.) R. M. Tryon

白桫椤

13

S. lepifera (Hook.) R. M. Tryon

笔筒树

13

15. Davalliaceae 骨碎补科 Plants epiphyte, rarely terrestrial. Stipe articulate at base to joint on rhizome. Fronds in 2–4 pinnatepinnatifid; veins free; lamina herbaceous to leathery, glabrous, and thinly covered with scales or hairs. Sori endophytic at lamina margin or abaxial epiphyllous at apical veinlets; indusia semi-tubular, semicircular or reniform, attached at base and sometimes at both sides, opening toward margin. Sporangia annuli erect, side dehiscence. Five genera and ca. 35 species occur mostly in tropical and subtropical Asia, a few species extending to Africa. One species in Northwest Africa, Southwest Europe, and Macaronesia. Four genera and 18 species found in China. Davallia formosana 大叶骨碎补 A total of 14 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 39% (7/18) species and 40% (4/10) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-15

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Davalliaceae

Davalliaceae 骨碎补科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Araiostegia 小膜盖蕨属 A. faberiana (C. Chr.) Ching

细裂小膜盖蕨

13

A. perdurans (Christ) Cop.

鳞轴小膜盖蕨

13

A. pulchra (Don) Cop.

美小膜盖蕨

13

A. yunnanensis (Christ) Cop.

云南小膜盖蕨

13 13

Davallia 骨碎补属 D. austro-sinica Ching

华南骨碎补

13

D. cylindrica Ching

云南骨碎补

13

D. denticulata (Burm. f.) Mett. ex Kuhn

假脉骨碎补

13

D. formosana Hayata

大叶骨碎补

13

D. mariesii Moore ex Baker

骨碎补

13

D. solida (Forst.) Sw.

阔叶骨碎补

13

644

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Davalliaceae 骨碎补科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Humata 阴石蕨属 H. platylepis (Baker) Ching

半圆盖阴石蕨

13

H. repens (L. f.) Diels

阴石蕨

13

H. tyermanii Moore

圆盖阴石蕨

13 13

Leucostegia 大膜盖蕨属 L. immersa (Wall.) Presl

大膜盖蕨

13

16. Dennstaedtiaceae 姬蕨科 Plants terrestrial, medium size. Rhizome creeping, covered with gray white setose. Fronds monomorphic, stipes not articulate to rhizome. Lamina 1–4 pinnate compound; rachis with a longitudinal groove; upper surface of pinnules or apical pinnule with ear-shaped protrusions; veins free, pinnate or forked, herbaceous or thick rough papery. Sori orbicular and small; indusia cup-subcup-shaped, zigzag or small bag shaped. Ten or 11 (–15) genera and ca. 170 (–300) species occur mostly in the tropics, extending into temperate regions. Three genera and 48 species found in China. A total of 22 species and three varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. Microlepia strigosa 粗毛鳞盖蕨 A number of 38% (18/48) species and all three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-16

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dennstaedtiaceae

Dennstaedtiaceae 姬蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Dennstaedtia 碗蕨属 D. hirsuta (Sw.) Mett. ex Miq.

细毛碗蕨

13

D. melanostipes Ching

乌柄碗蕨

13

D. scabra (Wall.) Moore

碗蕨

13

D. scabra var. glabrescens (Ching) C. Chr.

光叶碗蕨

13

D. wilfordii (Moore) Christ

溪洞碗蕨

13 13

Hypolepis 姬蕨属 H. punctata (Thunb.) Mett.

姬蕨

13 13

Microlepia 鳞盖蕨属 M. chrysocarpa Ching

金果鳞盖蕨

13

M. hainanensis Ching

海南鳞盖蕨

13

M. hancei Prantl

华南鳞盖蕨

13

M. hookeriana (Wall.) Presl

虎克鳞盖蕨

13

M. khasiyana (Hook.) Presl

西南鳞盖蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta continued

Dennstaedtiaceae 姬蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

M. kurzii (Charka) Bedd.

毛阔叶鳞盖蕨

13

M. marginata (Houtt.) C. Chr.

边缘鳞盖蕨

13

M. marginata var. bipinnata Makino

二回羽状边缘鳞盖蕨

13

M. marginata var. villosa (Presl) Wu

毛叶边缘鳞盖蕨

13

M. neostrigosa Ching

新粗毛鳞盖蕨

13

M. obtusiloba Hayata

团羽鳞盖蕨

13

M. omeiensis Ching

峨眉鳞盖蕨

13

M. platyphylla (Don) J. Sm.

阔叶鳞盖蕨

13

M. rhomboidea (Wall.) Presl

斜方鳞盖蕨

13

M. sinostrigosa Ching

中华鳞盖蕨

13

M. strigosa (Thunb.) Presl

粗毛鳞盖蕨

13

M. substrigosa Tagawa

亚粗毛鳞盖蕨

13

M. tenera Christ

薄叶鳞盖蕨

13

M. trapeziformis (Roxb.) Kuhn.

针毛鳞盖蕨

13

17. Dicksoniaceae 蚌壳蕨科 Plant tree like, covered with hairs. Rhizome stout, large, erect with long golden soft hairs. Stipe basal triangular. Lamina large, 3–4 pinnately compound, leathery, veins free. Sori orbicular born on vein apex at margin. Indusia marginal, and bivalvate by clam-shaped inner and outer segments, leathery; opening outwards; annuli slightly oblique. About two genera and 15 species occur in the world, poorly defined. A total of one genus and one species found in China. A total of 2 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-17

Cibotium barometz 金毛狗

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dicksoniaceae

Dicksoniaceae 蚌壳蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Cibotium 金毛狗属 C. barometz (L.) J. Sm.

金毛狗

13 13

Dicksonia 蚌壳蕨属 D. antarctica Labill.

Volume

塔斯马尼亚蚌壳

13

645

646

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

18. Dipteridaceae 双扇蕨科 Plants terrestrial. Rhizome covered with scales. Fronds simple; stipe not articulated at base, but with a cylindrical vascular bundle inside; lamina and midribs multi bifurcated; veins reticulate with included veinlets reflexed and bifurcated. Sori orbicular, punctate or near at intersection of connecting veinlets, exindusiate. Sporangia is pear shaped, annuli often erect, dehiscing from one side. Two genera and ca. 11 species occur in: East and South China, India, Central and South Japan, and from Southeast Asia to Melanesia and West Polynesia. One genus and three species found in China. Dipteris chinensis 中华双扇蕨 A total of one species of the family are cultivated in one botanical garden. A number of 33% (1/3) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-18

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dipteridaceae

Dipteridaceae 双扇蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Dipteris 双扇蕨属 D. chinensis Christ

中华双扇蕨

13

19. Drynariaceae 槲蕨科 Plants epiphytes. Fronds sessile or short; stipe basal not articulated. Lamina large, leathery or hard papery, with 1 or 2 pinnate or deeply pinnatifid, monomorphic or dimorphic, basal swollen into a wide ear shape, midrib, lateral and/or veins stout and raised, connected by right angles to each other, forming square like anastomosing, with included a few free veins. Sori born on free veinlets within anastomosing or extended in rows along connecting veins or veinlets; exindusiate, no septum. Four genera and About 50 species occur mostly in tropical and subtropical Asia, from Himalaya to Taiwan Island, most abundant in Malesia. Drynaria quercifolia 栎叶槲蕨 Four genera and nine species found in China. A total of 11 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 100% (9/9) species and all three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

VI Table VI-19

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

647

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Drynariaceae

Drynariaceae 槲蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Drynaria 槲蕨属 D. bonii Christ

团叶槲蕨

13

D. delavayi Christ

川滇槲蕨

13

D. mollis Bedd.

毛槲蕨

13

D. parishii (Bedd.) Bedd.

小槲蕨

13

D. propinqua (Wall. ex Mett.) J. Sm. ex Bedd.

石莲姜槲蕨

13

D. quercifolia (L.) J. Sm.

栎叶槲蕨

13

D. rigidula (Sw.) Bedd.

硬叶槲蕨

13

D. roosii Nakaike

槲蕨

13

D. sinica Diels

秦岭槲蕨

13 13

Photinopteris 顶育蕨属 P. acuminata C. V. Morton

顶育蕨

13 13

Pseudodrynaria 崖姜蕨属 P. coronans (Wall. ex Mett.) Ching

崖姜

13

20. Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 Plants terrestrial, rocky crevices, or epiphytic. Rhizomes short and erect or obliquely ascending. Fronds and stipe densely scaly, scales narrowly lanceolate to ovate, margin somewhat serrate or ciliary. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, stipe not articular, with longitudinal grooves; lamina 1–5 pinnate, covered with scales or various hairs. Sori small, orbicular, terminal or dorsal to venules, indusiate. About 25 genera and ca. 2100 species occur nearly cosmopolitan, but highest diversity in East Asia and the New World. About 13 genera and 485 species found in China. A total of 174 species, four varieties and two forms of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical Dryopteris rosthornii 川西鳞毛蕨 gardens. A number of 28% (134/485) species and 85% (11/13) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-20

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Dryopteridaceae

Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Acrorumohra 假复叶耳蕨属 A. diffracta (Baker) H. Itô

弯柄假复叶耳蕨

13

A. hasseltii (Blume) Ching

草质假复叶耳蕨

13 13

Arachniodes 复叶耳蕨属 A. amoena (Ching) Ching

多羽复叶耳蕨

13

648

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

A. assamica (Kuhn) Ohwi

阔羽复叶耳蕨

13

A. australis Y. T. Hsieh

南方复叶耳蕨

13

A. chinensis (Rosenst.) Ching

中华复叶耳蕨

13

A. coniifolia (T. Moore) Ching

细裂复叶耳蕨

13

A. exilis (Hance) Ching

刺头复叶耳蕨

13

A. festina (Hance) Ching

华南复叶耳蕨

13

A. gigantea Ching

高大复叶耳蕨

13

A. grossa (Tard.-Blot et C. Chr.) Ching

粗裂复叶耳蕨

13

A. hainanensis (Ching) Ching

海南复叶耳蕨

13

A. nanchuanensis Ching et Z. Y. Liu

南川复叶耳蕨

13

A. pseudo-aristata (Tagowa) Ohwi

华东复叶耳蕨

13

A. rhomboidea (Wall. ex Mett.) Ching

斜方复叶耳蕨

13

A. rhomboidea var. sinica Ching

全缘斜方复叶耳蕨

13

A. setifera Ching

长刺复叶耳蕨

13

A. simplicior (Makino) Ohwi

异羽复叶耳蕨

13

A. simulans (Ching) Ching

华西复叶耳蕨

13

A. speciosa (D. Don) Ching

美丽复叶耳蕨

13

A. spectabilis (Ching) Ching

清秀复叶耳蕨

13

A. sporadosora (Kunze) Nakaike

滇南复叶耳蕨

13 13

Cyclopeltis 拟贯众属 C. crenata (Fée) C. Chr.

拟贯众

13 13

Cyrtogonellum 柳叶蕨属 C. caducum Ching

离脉柳叶蕨

13

C. fraxinellum (Christ) Ching

柳叶蕨

13

C. inaequale Ching

斜基柳叶蕨

13

C. xichouensis S. K. Wu et Mitsuda

西畴柳叶蕨

13 13

Cyrtomidictyum 鞭叶蕨属 C. basipinnatum (Baker) Ching

单叶鞭叶蕨

13

C. faberi (Baker) Ching

阔镰鞭叶蕨

13

C. lepidocaulon (Hook.) Ching

鞭叶蕨

13 13

Cyrtomium 贯众属 C. balansae (Christ) C. Chr.

镰羽贯众

13

C. caryotideum (Wall. ex Hook. et Grev.) Presl

刺齿贯众

13

C. caryotideum f. grossedentatum Ching ex Shing

粗齿贯众

13

C. confertifolium Ching et Shing ex Shing

密羽贯众

13

C. devexiscapulae (Koidz.) Ching

披针贯众

13

C. falcatum (L. f.) Presl

全缘贯众

13

C. fortunei J. Sm.

贯众

13

C. fortunei f. polypterum (Diels) Ching

多羽贯众

13

C. hemionitis Christ

单叶贯众

13

C. lonchitoides (Christ) Christ

小羽贯众

13

C. macrophyllum (Makino) Tagawa

大叶贯众

13

C. nephrolepioides (Christ) Cop.

低头贯众

13

C. serratum Ching et Shing

尖羽贯众

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta continued

Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang

邢氏贯众

13

C. taiwanense Tagawa

台湾贯众

13

C. trapezoideum Ching et Shing

斜方贯众

13

C. tukusicola Tagawa

齿盖贯众

13

C. uniseriale Ching ex Shing

单行贯众

13

C. yamamotoi Tagawa

阔羽贯众

13

C. yamamotoi var. intermedium (Diels) Ching et K. H. Shing.

粗齿阔羽贯众

13

D. atrata (Kunze.) Ching

暗鳞鳞毛蕨

13

13

Dryopteris 鳞毛蕨属

D. bodinieri (Christ) C. Chr.

大平鳞毛蕨

13

D. championii (Benth.) C. Chr.

阔鳞鳞毛蕨

13

D. chinensis (Baker) Koidz.

中华鳞毛蕨

13

D. chrysocoma (Christ) C. Chr.

金冠鳞毛蕨

13

D. cochleata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Chr.

二型鳞毛蕨

13

D. commixta Tagawa

混淆鳞毛蕨

13

D. cycadina (Franch. et Sav.) C. Chr.

桫椤鳞毛蕨

13

D. decipiens (Hook.) O. Ktze.

迷人鳞毛蕨

13

D. decipiens var. diplazioides (Christ) Ching

深裂迷人鳞毛蕨

13

D. dehuaensis Ching et Shing

德化鳞毛蕨

13

D. dickinsii (Franch. et Sav.) C. Chr.

狭基鳞毛蕨

13

D. erythrosora (Eaton) O. Ktze.

红盖鳞毛蕨

13

D. fibrillosissima Ching

近纤维鳞毛蕨

13

D. fuscipes C. Chr.

黑足鳞毛蕨

13

D. goeringiana (Kunze) Koidz.

华北鳞毛蕨

13

D. handeliana C. Chr.

边生鳞毛蕨

13

D. huangshanensis Ching

黄山鳞毛蕨

13

D. immixta Ching

假异鳞毛蕨

13

D. incisolobata Ching

深裂鳞毛蕨

13

D. indusiata (Makino) Makino et Yamam.

平行鳞毛蕨

13

D. integriloba C. Chr.

羽裂鳞毛蕨

13

D. juxtaposita Christ

粗齿鳞毛蕨

13

D. kinkiensis Koidz. ex Tagawa

京鹤鳞毛蕨

13

D. labordei (Christ) C. Chr.

齿头鳞毛蕨

13

D. lacera (Thunb.) Kuntze

狭顶鳞毛蕨

13

D. lachoongensis (Bedd.) Nayar et Kaur

脉纹鳞毛蕨

13

D. lepidopoda Hayata

黑鳞鳞毛蕨

13

D. linkwangensis Ching

两广鳞毛蕨

13

D. lunanensis (Christ) C.Chr.

路南鳞毛蕨

13

D. microlepis (Baker) C. Chr.

细鳞鳞毛蕨

13

D. monticola (Makino) C. Chr.

山地鳞毛蕨

13

D. namegatae (Kurata) Kurata

黑鳞远轴鳞毛蕨

13

D. pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa

太平鳞毛蕨

13

D. panda (C. B. Clarke) Christ

大果鳞毛蕨

13

半岛磷毛蕨

13

D. peninsulae Kitag.

649

650

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

D. podophylla (Hook.) O. Ktze.

柄叶鳞毛蕨

13

D. polita Rosenst.

蓝色鳞毛蕨

13

D. porosa Ching

微孔鳞毛蕨

13

D. pseudosparsa Ching

假稀羽鳞毛蕨

13

D. pseudovaria (Christ) C. Chr.

凸背鳞毛蕨

13

D. pycnopteroides (Christ) C. Chr.

密鳞鳞毛蕨

13

D. redactopinnata S. K. Basa et Panigr.

藏布鳞毛蕨

13

D. rosthornii (Diels) C. Chr.

川西鳞毛蕨

13

D. scottii (Bedd.) Ching

无盖鳞毛蕨

13

D. setosa (Thunb.) Akasawa

两色鳞毛蕨

13

D. sieboldii (T. Moore) Kuntze

奇数鳞毛蕨

13

D. sinofibrillosa Ching

纤维鳞毛蕨

13

D. sparsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) O. Ktze.

稀羽鳞毛蕨

13

D. squamifera Ching et S. G. Wu

褐鳞鳞毛蕨

13

D. stenolepis (Baker) C. Chr.

狭鳞鳞毛蕨

13

D. sublacera Christ

半育鳞毛蕨

13

D. sublaeta Ching et Hsu

浅裂鳞毛蕨

13

D. tenuicula Matthewet Christ.

华南鳞毛蕨

13

D. tokyoensis (Matsurn. ex Makino) C. Chr.

东京鳞毛蕨

13

D. tsoongii Ching

观光鳞毛蕨

13

D. uniformis (Makino) Makino

同形鳞毛蕨

13

D. varia (L.) O. Ktze.

变异鳞毛蕨

13

D. wallichiana (Spreng.) Hylander

大羽鳞毛蕨

13

D. woodsiisora Hayata

细叶鳞毛蕨

13

D. yongdeensis W. M. Chu ex S. G. Lu

永德鳞毛蕨

13

D. yoroii Seriz.

栗柄鳞毛蕨

13 13

Leptorumohra 毛枝蕨属 L. quadripinnata (Hayata) H. Itô

四回毛枝蕨

N. shikokianum (Makino) Ching

13 13

Notheperanema 肉刺蕨属 无盖肉刺蕨

13 13

Phanerophlebiopsis 黔蕨属 P. blinii (Lévl.) Ching

粗齿黔蕨

13

P. neopodophylla (Ching) Ching ex Y. T. Xie

长叶黔蕨

13 13

Polystichum 耳蕨属 P. acanthophyllum (Franch.) Christ

刺叶耳蕨

13

P. acutidens H. Christ

尖齿耳蕨

13

P. acutipinnulum Ching et Shing

尖头耳蕨

13

P. alcicorne (Baker) Diels

角状耳蕨

13

P. altum Ching ex L. B. Zhang et H. S. Kung

高大耳蕨

13

P. articulatipilosum H. G. Zhou et H. Li

节毛耳蕨

13

P. attenuatum var. subattenuatum (Ching et W. M. Chu) W. M. Chu

长叶芽孢耳蕨

13

P. auriculum Ching

滇东南耳蕨

13

P. baoxingense Ching et H. S. Kung

宝兴耳蕨

13

P. brachypterum (Kuntze) Ching

喜马拉雅耳蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta continued

Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. braunii (Spenn.) Fée

布朗耳蕨

13

P. chingae Ching

滇耳蕨

13

P. christii Ching

拟角状耳蕨

13

P. chunii Ching

陈氏耳蕨

13

P. craspedosorum (Maxim.) Diels

鞭叶耳蕨

13

P. crassinervium Ching ex W. M. Chu et Z. R. He

粗脉耳蕨

13

P. cringerum (C. Chr.) Ching

毛发耳蕨

13

P. deflexum Ching et W. M. Chu

反折耳蕨

13

P. deltodon (Baker) Diels

对生耳蕨

13

P. dielsii Christ

圆顶耳蕨

13

P. discretum (Don) Diels

分离耳蕨

13

P. disjunctum Ching ex W. M. Chu et Z. R. He

疏羽耳蕨

13

P. erosum Ching et Shing

蚀盖耳蕨

13

P. excellens Ching

尖顶耳蕨

13

P. eximium (Mett. ex Kuhn) C. Chr.

灰绿耳蕨

13

P. falcatilobum Ching ex W. M. Chu et Z. R. He

长镰羽耳蕨

13

P. fimbriatum Christ

瓦鳞耳蕨

13

P. grandifrons C. Chr.

大叶耳蕨

13

P. guangxiense W. M. Chu et H. G. Zhou

广西耳蕨

13

P. hancockii (Hance) Diels

小戟叶耳蕨

13

P. hecatopteron Diels

芒齿耳蕨

13

P. herbaceum Ching et Z. Y. Liu

草叶耳蕨

13

P. incisopinnulum H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang

深裂耳蕨

13

P. lanceolatum (Baker) Diels

亮叶耳蕨

13

P. leveillei C. Chr.

武陵山耳蕨

13

P. longipaleatum Christ

长鳞耳蕨

13

P. longispinosum Ching ex L. B. Zhang et H. S. Kung

长刺耳蕨

13

P. makinoi (Tagawa) Tagawa

黑鳞耳蕨

13

P. manmeiense (Christ) Nakaike

镰叶耳蕨

13

P. mayebarae Tagawa

前原耳蕨

13

P. mehrae Fraser-Jenkins et Khullar

印西耳蕨

13

P. neolobatum Nakai

革叶耳蕨

13

P. omeiense C. Chr.

峨眉耳蕨

13

P. polyblepharum (Roem. ex Kunze) C. Presl

棕鳞耳蕨

13

P. pseudo-makinoi Tagawa

假黑鳞耳蕨

13

P. retroso-paleaceum (Kodama) Tagawa

倒鳞耳蕨

13

P. rigens Tagawa

阔鳞耳蕨

13

P. robustum Ching

粗壮耳蕨

13

P. semifertile (Clarke) Ching

半育耳蕨

13

P. setosum (Wall.) Schott.

线鳞耳蕨

13

P. sinense Christ

中华耳蕨

13

P. sino-tsus-simense Ching et Z. Y. Liu ex Z. Y. Liu

中华对马耳蕨

13

P. stimulans (Kunze ex Mett.) Bedd.

猫儿刺耳蕨

13

P. subacutidens Ching ex L. L. Xiang

多羽耳蕨

13

651

652

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Dryopteridaceae 鳞毛蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. subfimbriatum W. M. Chu et Z. R. He

拟流苏耳蕨

13

P. submarginale (Baker) Ching ex P. S. Wang

近边耳蕨

13

P. tonkinense (Christ) W. M. Chu et Z. R. He

中越耳蕨

13

P. tripteron (Kunze) Presl

戟叶耳蕨

13

P. tsus-simense (Hook.) J. Sm.

对马耳蕨

13

P. wattii (Bedd.) C. Chr.

细裂耳蕨

13

P. xiphophyllum (Baker) Diels

剑叶耳蕨

13

P. yunnanense Christ

云南耳蕨

13 13

Rumohra 丽莎蕨属 R. adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching

汝蕨

13 13

Sorolepidium 玉龙蕨属 S. glaciale Christ

玉龙蕨

13

21. Elaphoglossaceae 舌蕨科 Plants epiphytic. Rhizome erect or creeping, covered with ovate lanceolate scales. Fronds simple, entire, dimorphic, stipitate, basal articular, often scaly. Sterile lamina lanceolate to elliptic, leathery, with soft bony narrow margin; veins often free, veinlets free or forked, parallel. Fertile lamina slightly narrower, stipe often longer. When sori mature, covering entirely on abaxial surface, paraphyses lacking. One genus and >400 species occur throughout tropical and temperate regions, with greatest diversity in the Andes of South America. Six species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. Elaphoglossum yoshinagae 华南舌蕨 A number of 50% (3/6) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-21

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Elaphoglossaceae

Elaphoglossaceae 舌蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Elaphoglossum 舌蕨属 E. conforme (Sw.) Schott

舌蕨

13

E. yoshinagae (Yatabe) Makino

华南舌蕨

13

E. yunnanense (Baker) C. Chr.

云南舌蕨

13

22. Equisetaceae 木贼科 Plants small-medium-sized native, terrestrial, aquatic, or in shallow water. Rhizome long and creeping,

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

black, branched, nodal, nodes with roots, tomentose. Aerial stems erect, cylindrical, green, nodal and hollow. Fronds scaly and whorled, forming tubular sheath at each node. Sporangia spike-like, terminal, cylindrical or elliptic, sometimes with long stalks. One genus and ca. 15 species occur all over the world, except Antarctica. Ten species found in China. A total of seven species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 70% (7/10) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-22

Equisetum arvense 问荆

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Equisetaceae

Equisetaceae 木贼科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Equisetum 木贼属 E. arvense L.

问荆

13

E. diffusum D. Don

披散木贼

13

E. fluviatile L.

溪木贼

13

E. hyemale L.

木贼

13

E. palustre L.

犬问荆

13

E. ramosissimum Desf.

节节草

13

E. ramosissimum ssp. debile (Roxb. ex Vauch.) Holub

笔管草

13

E. variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber et D. Mohr

斑纹木贼

13

23. Gleicheniaceae 里白科 Plants terrestrial, large-medium sized, climbing. Rhizome creeping, protostelic, with scales or multicellular hairs. Fronds monomorphic, stipitate. Lamina pinnate, rachis simple to multiple dichotomously or pseudo-dichotomously branched, papery or nearly leathery, abaxial surface often gray white or gray green; veins free. Sori small and orbicular, exindusiate, born on veinlets of abaxial surface. Three to five genera and >150 species widely occur in tropical and subtropical regions. Three genera and 15 species found in China. A total of five species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. Dicranopteris pedata 芒萁 A number of 7% (1/15) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

653

654

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table VI-23

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Gleicheniaceae

Gleicheniaceae 里白科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Dicranopteris 芒萁属 D. linearis (Burm.) Underw.

铁芒萁

13

D. pedata (Houtt.) Nakaike

芒萁

13 13

Hicriopteris 里白属 H. chinensis (Rosenst.) Ching

中华里白

13

H. glauca (Thunb.) Ching

里白

13

H. laevissima (Christ) Ching

光里白

13

24. Grammitidaceae 禾叶蕨科 Plants small, epiphytic. Rhizomes often short and nearly erect, sometimes creeping or climbing, scaly. Fronds tufted; stipe basal not articulate to rhizomes. Lamina simple or pinnate, often red or gray acicular hairs, not scaly. Sori orbicular to oval, exindusiate. About ten genera and a few dozen species found. Six genera and 22–23 species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens. A total of 9% (2/23) species and 33% (2/6) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-24

Grammitis dorsipila 短柄禾叶蕨

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Grammitidaceae

Grammitidaceae 禾叶蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Grammitis 禾叶蕨属 G. dorsipila (Christ) C. Chr. et Tardieu

短柄禾叶蕨

13 13

Micropolypodium 锯蕨属 M. sikkimensis (Hieron.) X. C. Zhang

锡金锯蕨

13

25. Gymnogrammitidaceae 雨蕨科 Plants medium size, epiphytic. Rhizome creeping, gray blue color; scales small, lanceolate, imbricate, rusty brown, margin densely setae. Fronds remote, stipe basal articular to phyllopodia and falls off when mature; lamina long ovate or broad ovate, 4-pinnate; apical pinnules or lobe single veined, not reaching margin. Lamina are thin, scarious and smoothy. Sori small, orbicular and exindusiate. About two genera and 2–3 species occur in East and Southeast Asia. Only one species found in China.

Gymnogrammitis dareiformis 雨蕨

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

655

A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least one botanical garden. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-25

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Gymnogrammitidaceae

Gymnogrammitidaceae 雨蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Gymnogrammitis 雨蕨属 G. dareiformis (Hook.) Ching ex Tard.-Blot et C. Chr.

13

雨蕨

26. Hemionitidaceae 裸子蕨科 Plants small-medium-size, terrestrial. Rhizomes creeping, obliquely ascending or erect, scaly or hairy. Fronds remote or tufted, stipe stramineous or chestnut color; lamina 1–3 pinnate, ± hairy or scaly, herbaceous; veins free. Sori born along veins; exindusiate. About 17 genera and 50–60 species occur all over the world. About five genera and 48 species found in China. A total of 18 species and one variety of the family are cultivated at least 9 botanical gardens. A total of 38% (18/48) species and 80% (4/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-26

Coniogramme intermedia 普通凤了蕨

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hemionitidaceae

Hemionitidaceae 裸子蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Coniogramme 凤了蕨属 C. affinis Hieron.

尖齿凤了蕨

13

C. caudata (Wall.) Ching

骨齿凤了蕨

13

C. caudiformis Ching et Shing

尾尖凤了蕨

13

C. centrochinensis Ching

南岳凤了蕨

13

C. crenato-serrata Ching et K. H. Shing

圆齿凤了蕨

13

C. emeiensis Ching et Shing

峨眉凤了蕨

13

C. fraxinea (D. Don) Fée ex Diels

全缘凤了蕨

13

C. fraxinea f. connexa Ching

微齿凤了蕨

13

C. intermedia Hieron.

普通凤了蕨

13

C. intermedia var. glabra Ching

无毛凤了蕨

13

C. japonica (Thunb.) Diels

凤了蕨

13

C. robusta Christ

黑轴凤了蕨

13

C. rosthornii Hieron.

乳头凤了蕨

13

C. rubicaulis Ching ex Shing

紫柄凤了蕨

13

C. venusta Ching ex K. H. Shing

美丽凤了蕨

13

Gymnopteris 金毛裸蕨属

13

656

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Hemionitidaceae 裸子蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

G. bipinnata Christ

川西金毛裸蕨

13

G. delavayi (Baker) Underw.

滇西金毛裸蕨

13

G. vestita (Presl) Underw.

金毛裸蕨

13 13

Hemionitis 泽泻蕨属 H. arifolia (Burm.) Moore

泽泻蕨

13

H. palmata L.

圣诞蕨

13 13

Pityrogramma 粉叶蕨属 P. calomelanos (L.) Link

粉叶蕨

13

27. Huperziaceae 石杉科 Plants small-medium size, epiphytic or terrestrial. Rhizomes erect or pendulous or slightly pendulous for epiphytic species; 1–2 branched. Fronds small, monomorphic or dimorphic, without pulvini, and spirally arranged. Sporangia often reniform, with small stalk, 2-lobed, born on axils of branch or upper part of branchlets, or forming a slender linear sporangia spike-like at apex of branch. Sporophyll smaller, homomorphic or heteromorphic to trophophyll. About two genera and >300 species occur in tropics extending to subtropics, temperate and Arctic zones. Two genera and ca. 49 species found in China. A total of 13 species of the family are cultivated at Phlegmariurus squarrosus 粗糙马尾杉 least 8 botanical gardens. A number of 27% (13/49) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-27

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Huperziaceae

Huperziaceae 石杉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Huperzia 石杉属 H. emeiensis (Ching et H. S. Kung) Ching et H. S. Kung

峨眉石杉

13

H. serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev.

蛇足石杉

13

H. sutchueniana (Herter) Ching

四川石杉

13 13

Phlegmariurus 马尾杉属 P. austrosinicus (Ching) L. B. Zhang

华南马尾杉

13

P. carinatus (Desv.) Ching

龙骨马尾杉

13

P. fargesii (Hert.) Ching

金丝条马尾杉

13

P. fordii (Baker) Ching

福氏马尾杉

13

P. guangdongensis Ching

广东马尾杉

13

P. hamiltonii (Sprengel) L. Love et D. Love

喜马拉雅马尾杉

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

657

continued Huperziaceae 石杉科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. petiolatus (Clarke) H. S. Kung

有柄马尾杉

13

P. phlegmaria (L.) Holub

马尾杉

13

P. sieboldii (Miq.) Ching

鳞叶马尾杉

13

P. squarrosus (Forst.) L. Love et D. Love

粗糙马尾杉

13

28. Hymenophyllaceae 膜蕨科 Plants small-medium size, epiphytic or lithophytic. Rhizome often creeping. Fronds often small, dimidiate, heteromorphic; lamina from simple to flabellate or multiple bifurcations and multiple pinnate, scarious; segments with single veinlet, sometimes with false veins. Sori urceolate like, terminal on veins, extending frond marginals. Nine genera and ca. 600 species widely occur in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of both the Old and New Worlds. About 14 genera and 50 species found in China. A total of eight species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. Vandenboschia birmanica 管苞瓶蕨 A number of 2% (1/50) species and 36% (5/14) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-28

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hymenophyllaceae

Hymenophyllaceae 膜蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Crepidomanes 假脉蕨属 C. plicatum (v. d. B.) Ching

皱叶假脉蕨

13

C. racemulosum (Bosch) Ching

长柄假脉蕨

13 13

Gonocormus 团扇蕨属 G. minutus (Blume) v. d. B.

团扇蕨

H. barbatum (v. d. Bosch) Bak.

13 13

Hymenophyllum 膜蕨属 华东膜蕨

13 13

Mecodium 蕗蕨属 M. badium (Hook. et Grev.) Cop.

蕗蕨

13

M. paniculiflorum (Presl) Cop.

扁苞蕗蕨

13 13

Vandenboschia 瓶蕨属 V. birmanica (Bedd.) Ching

管苞瓶蕨

13

V. radicans (Sw.) Cop.

南海瓶蕨

13

29. Hypodematiaceae 肿足蕨科 Plants small-medium-size, lithophytic. Rhizome stout, creeping or obliquely ascending, covered with scales.

658

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

Scales long and ovate lanceolate, margin entire or occasionally denticulate. Fronds approximate or subclustered; stipe stramineous or dark stramineous, basal swollen into fusiform; lamina ovate to pentagonal ovate, 3–5 pinnate; anadromous, herbaceous or papery. Veins free, branches simple or bifurcated. Sori orbicular, born on middle part of veinlets abaxial surface of pinnate. Three genera and ca. 20 species occur in the Old World, mainly in tropical, subtropical, and warmHypodematium crenatum 肿足蕨 temperate regions of Asia and Africa. One genera and 12 species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. A number of 17% (2/12) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-29

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Hypodematiaceae

Hypodematiaceae 肿足蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Hypodematium 肿足蕨属 H. crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn

肿足蕨

13

H. hirsutum (Don) Ching

光轴肿足蕨

13

30. Isoetaceae 水韭科 Plants aquatic or marshland. Rhizome short. Microphylls spirally tufted; narrow linear or subulate. Sporangia solitary, on basal cavity of ventral surface of sporophylls; sporangia dimorphic. One genus and > 250 species occur almost worldwide in islands and all continents except Antarctica. Five species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 60% (3/5) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Table VI-30

Isoetes sinensis 中华水韭

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Isoetaceae

Isoetaceae 水韭科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

I. sinensis Palmer

Volume 13

Isoetes 水韭属 中华水韭

13

I. taiwanensis de Vol

台湾水韭

13

I. yunguiensis Q. F. Wang et W. C. Taylor

云贵水韭

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

659

31. Lindsaeaceae 鳞始蕨科 Plants terrestrial. Rhizomes creeping, sometimes scandent, or solenostelic, covered with narrow scales or hairs; scales basifixed, scale margin entire, apex bristlelike. Fronds approximate or remote, vernation circinate; stipe not articulate to rhizome, with a single vascular bundle; lamina 1–4-pinnate, herbaceous, papery, or thinly leathery. Veins free or anastomosing without included veinlets. Sori marginal or submarginal, terminal on a single veinlet or on 2 to several uniting veinlets, indusiate. Stenoloma chusana 乌蕨 Six to nine genera and ca. 200 species occur pantropically. Five genera and 17 species found in China. A total of ten species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 35% (6/17) species and 60% (3/5) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-31

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lindsaeaceae

Lindsaeaceae 鳞始蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Lindsaea 陵齿蕨属 L. austrosinica Ching

华南陵齿蕨

13

L. chienii Ching

碎叶陵齿蕨

13

L. cultrata (Willd.) Sw.

陵齿蕨

13

L. ensifolia Sw.

剑叶鳞始蕨

13

L. lucida Blume

亮叶陵齿蕨

13

L. odorata var. japonica (Baker) K. U. Kramer

日本鳞始蕨

13

L. orbiculata (Lam.) Mett.

团叶陵齿蕨

13 13

Schizoloma 双唇蕨属 S. ensifolium (Sw.) J. Sm.

双唇蕨

13

S. heterophyllum (Dry.) J. Sm.

异叶双唇蕨

13

S. biflorum (Kaulf.) Ching

阔片乌蕨

13

S. chusana (L.) Ching

乌蕨

13

13

Stenoloma 乌蕨属

32. Lomariopsidaceae 藤蕨科 Plants large, climbing. Rhizome dorsiventral, roots on ventral side and several rows of fronds on dorsal side. Fronds distant; lamia thick, with long stipe; dimorphic when mature, 1-pinnate; sterile pinnae wider, lanceolate. When sori mature, completely cover over abaxial surface of the fertile pinnate, exindusiate. Three genera and ca. 40 species occur pantropically, mainly in Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Two genera and four species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least two botanical gardens.

Lomagramma matthewii 网藤蕨

660

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

A number of 75% (3/4) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-32

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lomariopsidaceae

Lomariopsidaceae 藤蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Lomagramma 网藤蕨属 L. matthewii (Ching) Holtt.

网藤蕨

13 13

Lomariopsis 藤蕨属 L. cochinchinensis Fée

藤蕨

13

L. spectabilis (Kunze) Mett.

美丽藤蕨

13

33. Loxogrammaceae 剑蕨科 Plants small-medium-size, terrestrial or epiphytic. Rhizome long and creeping or short and erect, densely covered with scales; scales thin, ovate lanceolate, acuminate, entire, dark brown, transparent. Lamina simple, monomorphic, rarely dimorphic, tufted or scattered, linear, lanceolate or oblanceolate, entire, glabrous, more or less fleshy. Sporangia keel like, with long stalk. One genus and ca. 33 species occur pantropically, Loxogramme formosana 台湾剑蕨 mainly in tropical Asia. About 11 species found in China. A total of five species of the family are cultivated in at least 3 botanical gardens. 45% (5/11) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-33

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Loxogrammaceae

Loxogrammaceae 剑蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Loxogramme 剑蕨属 L. assimilis Ching

黑鳞剑蕨

13

L. chinensis Ching

中华剑蕨

13

L. duclouxii Christ

褐柄剑蕨

13

L. formosana Nakai

台湾剑蕨

13

L. salicifolia (Makino) Makino

柳叶剑蕨

13

34. Lycopodiaceae 石松科 Plants small-large size, terrestrial. Main stems elongated, creeping, climbing, pendulous, or short and erect. Lateral branches dichotomously branched or nearly sympodially branched, rarely monopodially branched.

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

Leaves small, simple, monomorphic, spirally arranged, subulate, linear to lanceolate. Sporangia cylindrical or catkin-spike like, often on apical or axils of sporophylls. Five genera and 360–400 species widespread over cosmopolitan, with centers of diversity in the tropics. Six genera and 66 species found in China. A total of three species and one form of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 6% (4/66) species 50% (3/6) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Table VI-34

Palhinhaea cernua 垂穗石松

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lycopodiaceae

Lycopodiaceae 石松科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Lycopodiastrum 藤石松属 L. casuarinoides (Spring) Holub ex dixit

藤石松

13 13

Lycopodium 石松属 L. japonicum Thunb. ex Murray

石松

13

L. obscurum f. strictum (Milde) Nakai ex Hara

笔直石松

13 13

Palhinhaea 垂穗石松属 P. cernua (L.) Vasc. et Franco

垂穗石松

13

35. Lygodiaceae 海金沙科 Plants terrestrial, climbing. Rhizome long, creeping, hairy without scales. Frond several meter, unterminated growth, twined climbing; dimorphic, 1–2 bifurcate palmed or 1–2 pinnate compound. Sterile pinnae often born on lower part in axils; fertile pinnae on upper part. Sporangia large, more or less pear like, on short stalk. One genus and ca. 26 species occur pan-tropically, extending northward to R. O. Korea, Japan, and North America and southward to South Africa and New Zealand. Nine species found in China. A total of eight species of the family are cultivated at least 10 botanical gardens. A number of 56% (5/9) species of and only one genus the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Lygodium flexuosum 曲轴海金沙

661

662

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table VI-35

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Lygodiaceae

Lygodiaceae 海金沙科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Lygodium 海金沙属 L. conforme C. Chr.

海南海金沙

13

L. digitatum Presl

掌叶海金沙

13

L. flexuosum (L.) Sw.

曲轴海金沙

13

L. japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.

海金沙

13

L. merrilii Cop.

网脉海金沙

13

L. microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br.

小叶海金沙

13

L. polystachyum Wall. ex T. Moore

羽裂海金沙

13

L. salicifolium Presl

柳叶海金沙

13

36. Marsileaceae 蘋科 Plants small, shallow water or marshes. Rhizome slender, creeping. Sterile leaves linear, simple or 2–4 obtriangular pinnae, floating or emergent from water surface; fertile one spherical or elliptical spherical sporophytes, born on rhizome or at near to stipe basal. Sporangia dimorphic. Three genera and ca. 60 species occur in Africa and Australia. One genus and three species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 33% (1/3) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-36

Marsilea quadrifolia 蘋

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Marsileaceae

Marsileaceae 蘋科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Marsilea 蘋属 M. aegyptica Willd.

埃及蘋

13

M. quadrifolia L.

蘋

13 13

Regnellidium 二叶蘋属 R. diphyllum Lindm.

二叶蘋

13

37. Monachosoraceae 稀子蕨科 Plants terrestrial, shady. Rhizome short, stout, creeping, or obliquely ascending, scales or hairs absent, only glandular hairs or glands. Fronds tufted, monomorphic, membranous or herbaceous, 1–5 pinnately lobed, sparsely covered with fine and easy to fall glandular hairs when young; veins fine and free, not reaching to

VI

margin. Sori small and orbicular. Six species occur from Central Himalaya east to Japan and south to Java and New Guinea. Three species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. Only one species (1/1) and the two genera (2/2) of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-37

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

Monachosorum subdigitatum 稀子蕨

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Monachosoraceae

Monachosoraceae 稀子蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Monachosorum 稀子蕨属 M. davallioides Kunze

稀子蕨

13

M. flagellare (Maxim. ex Makino) Hay.

尾叶稀子蕨

13 13

Ptilopteris 岩穴蕨属 P. maximowiczii Hance

13

岩穴蕨

38. Nephrolepidaceae 肾蕨科 Plants medium size, terrestrial or epiphytic. Rhizome long, creeping, or short but erect, scaly. Fronds monomorphic, lamina long and narrow, lanceolate or elliptic lanceolate, pinnate, pinnae basal articulated on axial; veins free, veinlets pinnate, almost ending in margin, veinlet apex with distinct hydathodes, and a small calcareous scale. Sori orbicular, terminal on veinlets, or abaxially on middle part of veins. One genus and ca. 20 species occur: mostly in tropical regions of the world. Two genera and seven species found in China. A total of five species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. Nephrolepis biserrata 长叶肾蕨 A number of 57% (4/7) species of the family and 50% (1/2) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-38

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Nephrolepidaceae

Nephrolepidaceae 肾蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

N. biserrata (Sw.) Schott

Volume 13

Nephrolepis 肾蕨属 长叶肾蕨

13

N. cordifolia (L.) C. Presl

肾蕨

13

N. exaltata (L.) Schott

高大肾蕨

13

N. falcata (Cav.) C. Chr.

镰叶肾蕨

13

N. hirsutula (Forst.) Presl

毛叶肾蕨

13

663

664

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

39. Oleandraceae 条蕨科 Plants small-medium-size, terrestrial or epiphytic. Rhizomes long and branched, creeping or few erect and subshrubby; scales long lanceolate. Fronds often monomorphic, simple, stipitate; lamina lanceolate or linear lanceolate, entire or sometimes wavy, with narrow marginal stripe crustaceous. Veins distinct, veinlets free, simple or bifurcate, densely and parallel. Sporangia orbicular born on veinlet basal. One genus and 15–20 species occur pantropically, mainly from tropical Asia and the Pacific islands, a few in Africa and South America. Oleandra cumingii 华南条蕨 Five species found in China. A total of three species of the family are cultivated in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 60% (3/5) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-39

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Oleandraceae

Oleandraceae 条蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Oleandra 条蕨属 O. cumingii J. Sm.

华南条蕨

13

O. undulata (Willd.) Ching

波边条蕨

13

O. wallichii (Hook.) Presl

高山条蕨

13

40. Onocleaceae 球子蕨科 Plants terrestrial. Rhizome stout, short, erect or creeping; scales membranous. Fronds stipitate, dimorphic. Sterile lamina green, elliptic lanceolate or ovate triangular, 1-pinnate to 2-pinnate deeply, fertile lamina elliptic to linear, 1-pinnate, pinnae is rerolled into podlike, dark purple to dark brown color, cylindrical or orbicular. Sporangia orbicular, born on receptacle. Four genera and five species occur in the temperate zone of the north hemisphere and Mexico. Two genera and four species found in China. A total of four species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 100% (4/4) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Matteuccia orientalis 东方荚果蕨

VI Table VI-40

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

665

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Onocleaceae

Onocleaceae 球子蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Matteuccia 荚果蕨属 M. intermedium C. Chr.

中华荚果蕨

13

M. orientalis (Hook.) Trevis.

东方荚果蕨

13

M. struthiopteris (L.) Todaro

荚果蕨

13 13

Onoclea 球子蕨属 O. sensibilis L.

球子蕨

13

41. Ophioglossaceae 瓶尔小草科 Plants perennial, terrestrial. Rhizome short, erect; roots thick, fleshy. Fronds dimorphic, sterile and sporophylls, both from common stipe, Sterile lamina simple, entire; sporophylls with a stalk emerging from common stipe or sterile lamina basal. Sporangia large, sessile, embedded, arranged in narrow spikes along both sides of receptacle. Four genera and ca. 80 species widely spread over worldwide. Two genera and 17 species found in China. A total of four species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 18% (3/17) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-41

Ophioglossum vulgatum 瓶尔小草

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Ophioglossaceae

Ophioglossaceae 瓶尔小草科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Ophioderma 带状瓶尔小草属 O. pendula (L.) C. Presl

带状瓶尔小草

13 13

Ophioglossum 瓶尔小草属 O. reticulatum L.

心脏叶瓶尔小草

13

O. thermale Kom.

狭叶瓶儿小草

13

O. vulgatum L.

瓶尔小草

13

42. Osmundaceae 紫萁科 Plants medium, terrestrial. Rhizome stout, erect, or creeping, with persistent basal of stipes, scaleless. Stipes long and strong; lamina large, dimorphic or monomorphic, 1–2 pinnate; veins free, bifurcate. Sporangia large, orbicular, mostly stipitate, naked, on margin of strongly contracted fertile segments, or on abaxial surface of

666

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

normal steril segments. Four genera and ca. 20 species occur in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. One genera and eight species (one endemic) found in China. A total of eight species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 88% (7/8) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Table VI-42

Osmunda banksiifolia 粗齿紫萁

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Osmundaceae

Osmundaceae 紫萁科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Osmunda 紫萁属 O. angustifolia Ching

狭叶紫萁

13

O. banksiifolia (Presl) Kuhn

粗齿紫萁

13

O. cinnamomea L.

分株紫萁

13

O. cinnamomea var. fokiense Cop.

南方紫萁

13

O. claytoniana L.

绒紫萁

13

O. japonica Thunb.

紫萁

13

O. javanica Blume

宽叶紫萁

13

O. mildei C. Chr.

粤紫萁

13

O. vachellii Hook.

华南紫萁

13

43. Parkeriaceae 水蕨科 Plants succulent, aquatic or marshy. Rhizome short, erect. Fronds clustered, dimorphic; stipes fleshy. Sterile lamina simple or pinnate compound; ultimate lobe broad lanceolate or banding like, entire; fertile lamina similar in morphology to steriles, margin of ultimate lobe reflexed downward costa, linear to siliquiform. Sori born along both sides of costa, large and covered with reflexed margin of lobes, annuli broad, erect. Four to seven species occur mostly in tropics and subtropics. Only one genus and two species found in China. A total of two species of the family are cultivated in Ceratopteris thalictroides 水蕨 at least six botanical gardens. A number of 100% (2/2) species and the only genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

VI Table VI-43

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Parkeriaceae

Parkeriaceae 水蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Ceratopteris 水蕨属 C. pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron.

粗梗水蕨

13

C. thalictroides (L.) Brongn.

水蕨

13

44. Peranemaceae 球盖蕨科 Plants medium size, terrestrial. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, stout, short, woody, densely covered with chestnut-brown broad scales. Fronds monomorphic, large, long ovate or triangular ovate, 3–4 pinnate; veins free, pinnate, veinlets inclined upward, not reaching margin; lamina papery or herbaceous, slightly rough. Sori orbicular, dorsal or terminal on venules. Three genera and ca. 20 species occur in the world. Three genera and 14 species found in China. A total of four species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least three botanical gardens. Acrophorus stipellatus 鱼鳞蕨 A number of 29% (4/14) species and all the three genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-44

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Peranemaceae

Peranemaceae 球盖蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Acrophorus 鱼鳞蕨属 A. stipellatus (Wall.) Moore

鱼鳞蕨

13 13

Diacalpe 红腺蕨属 D. annamensis Tagawa

圆头红腺蕨

13

D. aspidioides Blume

红腺蕨

13 13

Peranema 柄盖蕨属 P. cyatheoides D. Don

柄盖蕨

13

P. cyatheoides var. luzonicum (Cop.) Ching et S. H. Wu

东亚柄盖蕨

13

45. Plagiogyriaceae 瘤足蕨科 Plants medium size, terrestrial. Rhizomes short, stout, erect, terete, scaleless. Fronds tufted apically, dimorphic, long stipes, swollen base, cross-section triangular; lamina pinnate or pinnate deeply up to rachis; entire or at least apex serrated; veins free, reaching to serrated margin from both sides of costae, veins simple or bifurcated; basal often with a distinct verrucous cystis below. Sori born close to margin, on swollen veinlets of furcated veins. One genus and ca. ten species occur mainly in East and Southeast Asia, one species in tropical America. Eight species (one endemic) found in China.

Plagiogyria glauca 粉背瘤足蕨

667

668

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

A total of 9 species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. A number of 63% (5/8) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-45

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Plagiogyriaceae

Plagiogyriaceae 瘤足蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Plagiogyria 瘤足蕨属 P. adnata (Blume) Bedd

瘤足蕨

13

P. angustipinna Ching

狭叶瘤足蕨

13

P. distinctissima Ching

镰叶瘤足蕨

13

P. dunnii Cop.

倒叶瘤足蕨

13

P. euphlebia (Kunze) Mett.

华中瘤足蕨

13

P. gigantea Ching

大叶瘤足蕨

13

P. glauca Bedd.

粉背瘤足蕨

13

P. japonica Nakai

华东瘤足蕨

13

P. stenoptera (Hance) Diels

耳形瘤足蕨

13

46. Platyceriaceae 鹿角蕨科 Plants large, epiphytes. Rhizome short, creeping, thick and stout, covered with broad scales mostly on costae. Fronds approximate, dimorphic, basal sterile segments erect, sessile, with broad orbicular lamina, thick and fleshy; normal fertile foliage fronds short stalked, articulated, erect or pendent, subleathery, entire or multiple forked, antlers like. Sori soral patches, on apex of orbicular and thickened lobules. One genus and fifteen species occur in Southeast Asia (eight species), Africa and Madagascar (six species), also one species in South America. One species found in China. A total of nine species of the family are cultivated in at least nine botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-46

Platycerium wallichii 鹿角蕨

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Platyceriaceae

Platyceriaceae 鹿角蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Platycerium 鹿角蕨属 P. alcicorne Desv.

圆盾鹿角蕨

13

P. angolense Welw. ex Hook.

安哥拉鹿角蕨

13

P. bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr.

二歧鹿角蕨

13

P. grande J. Sm.

壮丽鹿角蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

669

continued Platyceriaceae 鹿角蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. hillii T. Moore

深绿鹿角蕨

13

P. ridleyi Christ

马来鹿角蕨

13

P. veitchii C. Chr.

银叶鹿角蕨

13

P. wallichii Hook.

鹿角蕨

13

P. wandae Racib.

女王鹿角蕨

13

47. Polypodiaceae 水龙骨科 Plants epiphytic, rarely terrestrial. Scales broad lanceolate, coarse, reticulate. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, articulated to rhizomes; fronds simple, entire or lobed, or pinnate, herbaceous or papery, glabrous or stellate. Veins anastomosing, rarely free. Sori orbicular, suborbicular, elliptic, linear, or sometimes fully of partially covering abaxial surface of fertile segments, exindusiate, with paraphyses; sporangia with long stalks, annuli erect, side dehiscence. More than 50 genera and 1200 species occur pantropically, a few in temperate. About 25 genera and 251 species found in China. A total of 117 species, six varieties and four forms Lepisorus thunbergianus 瓦韦 of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 26% (65/251) species and 80% (20/25) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-47

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Polypodiaceae

Polypodiaceae 水龙骨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Arthromeris 节肢蕨属 A. himalayensis (Hook.) Ching

琉璃节肢蕨

13

A. lehmanni (Mett.) Ching

节肢蕨

13

A. lungtauensis Ching

龙头节肢蕨

13

A. mairei (Brause) Ching

多羽节肢蕨

13

A. wallichiana (Spreng.) Ching

单行节肢蕨

13 13

Belvisia 尖嘴蕨属 B. henryi (Hieron) Tagawa

隐柄尖嘴蕨

13

B. mucronata (Fée) Cop.

尖嘴蕨

13 13

Colysis 线蕨属 C. digitata (Baker) Ching

掌叶线蕨

13

C. diversifolia W. M. Chu

异叶线蕨

13

C. elliptica (Thunb.) Ching

线蕨

13

670

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Polypodiaceae 水龙骨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. elliptica var. flexiloba (Christ) L. Shi et X. C. Zhang

曲边线蕨

13

C. elliptica var. pentaphylla (Baker) L. Shi et X. C. Zhang

滇线蕨

13

C. elliptica var. pothifolia Ching

宽羽线蕨

13

C. hemionitidea (Wall. ex Mett.) C. Presl

断线蕨

13

C. hemitoma (Hance) Ching

胄叶线蕨

13

C. henryi (Baker) Ching

矩圆线蕨

13

C. leveillei Ching

绿叶线蕨

13

C. pedunculata (Hook. et Grev.) Ching

长柄线蕨

13

褐叶线蕨

13

C. wrightii (Hook.) Ching

13

Drymoglossum 抱树莲属 D. piloselloides (L.) C. Presl

抱树莲

13

Drymotaenium 丝带蕨属 D. miyoshianum Makino

13

丝带蕨

13 13

Lemmaphyllum 伏石蕨属 L. carnosum (Wall.) C.Presl

肉质伏石蕨

13

L. microphyllum C. Presl

伏石蕨

13

L. microphyllum var. obovatum (Harr.) C. Chr.

倒卵伏石蕨

13 13

Lepidogrammitis 骨牌蕨属 L. adnascens (Ching) Ching

贴生骨牌蕨

13

L. diversa (Rosenst.) Ching

披针骨牌蕨

13

L. drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching

抱石莲

13

L. elongata Ching

长叶骨牌蕨

13

L. intermedia Ching

中间骨牌蕨

13

L. pyriformis (Ching) Ching

梨叶骨牌蕨

13

L. rostrata (Bedd.) Ching

骨牌蕨

13 13

Lepidomicrosorium 鳞果星蕨属 L. angustifolium Ching et Shing

狭叶鳞果星蕨

13

L. brevipes Ching et Shing

短柄鳞果星蕨

13

L. buergerianum (Miq.) Ching et Shing

鳞果星蕨

13

L. hederaceum (Christ) Ching

常春藤鳞果星蕨

13

L. lineare Ching et Shing

线叶鳞果星蕨

13

L. nanchuanense Ching et Z. Y. Liu

南川鳞果星蕨

13 13

Lepisorus 瓦韦属 L. angustus Ching

狭叶瓦韦

13

L. asterolepis (Baker）Ching

黄瓦韦

13

L. bicolor Ching

二色瓦韦

13

L. clathratus (C. B. Clarke) Ching

网眼瓦韦

13

L. eilophyllus (Diels) Ching

高山瓦韦

13

L. heterolepis (Rosenst.) Ching

异叶瓦韦

13

L. lewissi (Baker) Ching

庐山瓦韦

13

L. lineariformis Ching et S. K. Wu

线叶瓦韦

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta continued

Polypodiaceae 水龙骨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

L. loriformis (Wall. ex Mett.) Ching

带叶瓦韦

13

L. macrosphaerus (Baker) Ching

大瓦韦

13

L. obscure-venulosus (Hay.) Ching

粤瓦韦

13

L. oligolepidus (Baker) Ching

鳞瓦韦

13

L. paohuashanensis Ching

宝华山瓦韦

13

L. pseudonudus Ching

长瓦韦

13

L. sinensis (Christ) Ching

中华瓦韦

13

L. sordidus (C. Chr.) Ching

黑鳞瓦韦

13

L. subsessilis Ching et Y. X. Lin

短柄瓦韦

13

L. thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching

瓦韦

13

L. tibeticus Ching et S. K. Wu

西藏瓦韦

13

L. tosaensis (Makino) H. Itô

阔叶瓦韦

13

L. ussuriensis var. distans (Makino) Tagawa

远叶瓦韦

13

L. venosus Ching et S. K. Wu

显脉瓦韦

13

L. xiphiopteris (Baker) W. M. Chu ex Y. X. Lin

云南瓦韦

13 13

Leptochilus 薄唇蕨属 L. axillaris (Cav.) Kaulf.

薄唇蕨

13

L. cantoniensis (Baker) Ching

心叶薄唇蕨

13

L. decurrens Blume

似薄唇蕨

13 13

Metapolypodium 篦齿蕨属 M. manmeiense (Christ) Ching

篦齿蕨

13 13

Microsorum 星蕨属 M. fortunei (Moore) Ching

江南星蕨

13

M. insigne (Blume) Cop.

羽裂星蕨

13

M. membranaceum (D. Don) Ching

膜叶星蕨

13

M. membranaceum var. carinatum W. M. Chu et Z. R. He

龙骨星蕨

13

M. pteropus (Blume) Cop.

有翅星蕨

13

M. punctatum (L.) Cop.

星蕨

13

M. steerei (Harr.) Ching

广叶星蕨

13

M. superficiale (Blume) Ching

表面星蕨

13

M. thailandicum Boonkerd et Noot.

反光蓝蕨

13

M. zippelii (Blume) Ching

显脉星蕨

13 13

Neocheiropteris 扇蕨属 N. palmatopedata (Baker) Christ

扇蕨

13 13

Neolepisorus 盾蕨属 N. ensatus (Thunb.) Ching

剑叶盾蕨

13

N. ovatus (Bedd.) Ching

盾蕨

13

N. ovatus f. deltoideus (Baker) Ching

三角叶盾蕨

13

N. ovatus f. doryopteris (Christ) Ching

蟹爪盾蕨

13

N. ovatus f. gracilis Ching et Shing

卵圆盾蕨

13

N. ovatus f. monstrosus Ching et Shing

畸裂盾蕨

13

671

672

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Polypodiaceae 水龙骨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

N. truncatus Ching et P. S. Wang

截基盾蕨

13 13

Phymatopteris 假瘤蕨属 P. albopes (C. Chr. et Ching) Pic. Serm.

灰鳞假瘤蕨

13

P. chrysotricha (C. Chr.) Pic. Serm.

白茎假瘤蕨

13

P. ebenipes (Hook) Pic.Serm.

黑鳞假瘤蕨

13

P. hastata (Thunb.) Pic. Serm.

金鸡脚假瘤蕨

13

P. majoensis (C. Chr.) Pic. Serm.

宽底假瘤蕨

13

P. nigrovenia (Christ) Pic. Serm.

毛叶假瘤蕨

13

P. rhynchophylla (Hook.) Pic. Serm.

喙叶假瘤蕨

13

P. similis (Ching) W. M. Chu

相似假瘤蕨

13

P. tenuipes (Ching) Pic. Serm.

细柄假瘤蕨

13

P. trisecta (Baker) Pic. Serm.

三出假瘤蕨

13

P. cuspidatus (D. Don) Pic. Serm.

光亮瘤蕨

13

P. hainanensis (Noot.) S. G. Lu

阔鳞瘤蕨

13

P. longissimus (Blume) Pic. Serm.

多羽瘤蕨

13

P. membranifolius (R. Br.) S. G. Lu

显脉瘤蕨

13

P. scolopendria (Burm. f.) Pic. Serm.

瘤蕨

13

13

Phymatosorus 瘤蕨属

13

Pleopeltis 多盾蕨属 P. polypodioides (L.) Andrews et Windham

复苏蕨

13 13

Polypodiastrum 拟水龙骨属 P. argutum (Wall. et Hook.) Ching

尖齿拟水龙骨

13

P. dielseanum (C. Chr.) Ching

川拟水龙骨

13 13

Polypodiodes 水龙骨属 P. amoena (Wall. ex Mett.) Ching

友水龙骨

13

P. niponica (Mett.) Ching

日本水龙骨

13

P. wattii (Bedd.) Ching

光茎水龙骨

13 13

Pyrrosia 石韦属 P. adnascens (Sw.) Ching

贴生石韦

13

P. assimilis (Baker) Ching

相近石韦

13

P. bonii (Christ ex Gies.) Ching

波氏石韦

13

P. calvata (Baker) Ching

光石韦

13

P. caudifrons Ching

尾叶石韦

13

P. davidii (Baker) Ching

华北石韦

13

P. drakeana (Franch.) Ching

毡毛石韦

13

P. gralla (Gies.) Ching

西南石韦

13

P. heteractis (Mett. ex Kuhn) Ching

纸质石韦

13

P. laevis (J. Sm. ex Bedd.) Ching

平滑石韦

13

P. lingua (Thunb.) Farwell

石韦

13

P. nuda (Giesenh.) Ching

裸叶石韦

13

P. nummulariifolia (Sw.) Ching

钱币石韦

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

673

continued Polypodiaceae 水龙骨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. petiolosa (Christ) Ching

有柄石韦

13

P. polydactyla (Hance) Ching

槭叶石韦

13

P. porosa (C. Presl) Hovenk

柔软石韦

13

P. pseudodrakeana K. H. Shing

拟毡毛石韦

13

P. sheareri (Baker) Ching

庐山石韦

13

P. similis Ching

相似石韦

13

P. stenophylla (Bedd.) Ching

狭叶石韦

13

P. subfurfuracea (Hook.) Ching

绒毛石韦

13

中越石韦

13

P. tonkinensis (Giesenh.) Ching

13

Saxiglossum 石蕨属 S. angustissimum (Giesenh. ex Diels) Tagawa et K. Iwats.

石蕨

13 13

Tricholepidium 毛鳞蕨属 T. normale (D. Don) Ching

毛鳞蕨

13

48. Psilotaceae 松叶蕨科 Plants small, terrestrial or epiphytic. Rhizomes thick, creeping, brown, with rhizoids. Stems erect or pendulous, green, many dichotomous branches; branches ridged to flatten. Fronds small, dimorphic. Sterile lamina subulate, sporophylls bifurcate or apical forked. Sporangia orbicular, solitary, in axil of sporophylls. Two genera and ca. 17 species occur in tropics to temperate regions. Only one species found in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. Only one species and one genus of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-48

Psilotum nudum 松叶蕨

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Psilotaceae

Psilotaceae 松叶蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Psilotum 松叶蕨属 P. nudum (L.) Beauv.

松叶蕨

13

49. Pteridaceae 凤尾蕨科 Plants medium-large size, terrestrial. Rhizomes long, creeping, or short and erect or obliquely ascending, densely covered with narrow and thick scales. Fronds dimorphic or subdimorphic; stipes often stramineous, occasionally chestnut red or brown between; lamina oblong or ovate triangular, 1– or 2–3 pinnate-pinnatifid;

674

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

veins free or rarely anastomosing. Sori linear, confluent, along veins or marginal commissures, often on vein tips or on recurved membranous marginal lobe, sometimes acrostichoid or forming a narrow longitudinal band between midrib and margin. About 50 genera and 950 species widely spread over subcosmopolitan, but mostly in tropics and arid regions. About 2 genera and 67 species found in China. A total of 40 species and nine varieties of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 61% (41/67) species and all the two genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-49

Pteri vittata 蜈蚣草

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pteridaceae

Pteridaceae 凤尾蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Histiopteris 栗蕨属 H. incisa (Thunb.) J. Sm.

Volume

栗蕨

13 13

Pteris 凤尾蕨属 P. actiniopteroides Christ

猪鬃凤尾蕨

13

P. amoena Blume

红秆凤尾蕨

13

P. aspericaulis Wall. ex J. Agardh

紫轴凤尾蕨

13

P. aspericaulis var. cuspigera Ching ex Ching et S. H. Wu

高原凤尾蕨

13

P. aspericaulis var. tricolor T. Moore ex Lowe

三色凤尾蕨

13

P. biaurita L.

狭眼凤尾蕨

13

P. cadieri Christ

条纹凤尾蕨

13

P. cadieri var. hainanensis (Ching) S. H. Wu

海南凤尾蕨

13

P. cretica L.

大叶凤尾蕨

13

P. cretica var. laeta (Wall. ex Ettingsh.) C. Chr.

粗糙凤尾蕨

13

P. cretica var. nervosa (Thunb.) Ching et S. H. Wu

凤尾蕨

13

P. dactylina Hook.

指叶凤尾蕨

13

P. decrescens Christ

多羽凤尾蕨

13

P. deltodon Baker

岩凤尾蕨

13

P. dispar Kunze

刺齿半边旗

13

P. dissitifolia Baker

疏羽半边旗

13

P. ensiformis Burm.

剑叶凤尾蕨

13

P. ensiformis var. merrilli (C. Chr.) S. H. Wu

少羽凤尾蕨

13

P. ensiformis var. victoriae Baker

白羽凤尾蕨

13

P. esquirolii Christ

阔叶凤尾蕨

13

P. excelsa Gaud.

溪边凤尾蕨

13

P. excelsa var. inaequalis (Baker) S. H. Wu

变异凤尾蕨

13

P. fauriei Hieron.

傅氏凤尾蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

675

continued Pteridaceae 凤尾蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. finotii Christ

疏裂凤尾蕨

13

P. gallinopes Ching ex Ching et S. H. Wu

鸡爪凤尾蕨

13

P. grevilleana Wall.

林下凤尾蕨

13

P. henryi Christ

狭叶凤尾蕨

13

P. heteromorpha Fée

长尾凤尾蕨

13

P. insignis Mett. ex Kuhn

全缘凤尾蕨

13

P. kiuschiuensis Hieron.

平羽凤尾蕨

13

P. kiuschiuensis var. centro-chinensis Ching et S. H. Wu

华中凤尾蕨

13

P. linearis Poir.

线羽凤尾蕨

13

P. longipes D. Don

三轴凤尾蕨

13

P. longipinnula Wall. ex Agardh

翠绿凤尾蕨

13

P. maclurei Ching

两广凤尾蕨

13

P. morii Masumune

琼南凤尾蕨

13

P. multifida Poir.

井栏边草

13

P. oshimensis Hieron.

斜羽凤尾蕨

13

P. plumbea Christ

栗柄凤尾蕨

13

P. ryukyuensis Tagawa

琉球凤尾蕨

13

P. semipinnata L.

半边旗

13

P. setulosocostulata Hayata

有刺凤尾蕨

13

P. tripartita Sw.

三叉凤尾蕨

13

P. venusta Kunze

爪哇凤尾蕨

13

P. vittata L.

蜈蚣凤尾蕨

13

P. wallichiana Agardh

西南凤尾蕨

13

P. wulaiensis C. M. Kuo

乌来凤尾蕨

13

50. Pteridiaceae 蕨科 Plants medium-large size, terrestrial. Rhizomes long, creeping, densely covered by rusty yellow or chestnut villous, not scaly. Fronds monomorphic, remote, stipitate long; lamina large, often ovate, ovate oblong or ovate triangular, 3-pinnate, leathery or papery, glabrous on upper surface, pilose ± abaxially. Veins free. Sporangia linear, along margin born on a side of veins anastomosing veinlet apex. Two genera and ca. 30 species occur pantropically over the world. Two genera and seven species found in China. A total of one species and one variety of the family Pteridium revolutum 毛轴蕨 are cultivated in at least six botanical gardens. A number of 29% (2/7) species and one genus (1/2) of the family occurred in China has been cultivated in botanical gardens.

676

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora Table VI-50

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Pteridiaceae

Pteridiaceae 蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Pteridium 蕨属 P. aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller

蕨

13

P. revolutum (Blume) Nakai

毛轴蕨

13

51. Salviniaceae 槐叶苹科 Plants small, aquatic, floating, roots lacking. Fronds whorled of 3, in 3 rows, two normal fronds floating, third one specialized into fibrous roots like, submersed (called submerged fronds, i.e. false roots). Sporocarps clustered at base of submersed fronds or opposites to submersed fronds. Two genera and ca. 17 species occur in tropical to temperate regions worldwide. One genera and three species found in China. A total of four species of the family are cultivated in at least seven botanical gardens. Salvinia natans 槐叶苹 A number of 67% (2/3) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-51

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Salviniaceae

Salviniaceae 槐叶苹科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Salvinia 槐叶苹属 S. auriculata Aubl.

美洲槐叶苹

13

S. cuculata Roxb. ex Bory

勺叶槐叶苹

13

S. molesta D. S. Mitchell

人仄槐叶苹

13

S. natans (L.) All.

槐叶苹

13

52. Schizaeaceae 莎草蕨科 Plants small, terrestrial. Rhizomes short, creeping, scaly. Fronds tufted or approximate, no distinct stipe; fronds simple, 1 to several dichotomous or false palmy tufted at apex. Lamina narrow linear; fertile lamina tufted at apex. Sporangia in 1–2 rows on both sides of midrib. Two genera and ca. 30 species occur pan-tropically. One genus and two species in China. A total of one species of the family are cultivated at least one botanical garden. A number of 50% (1/2) species and only one genus of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens.

Schizaea digitata 莎草蕨

VI Table VI-52

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Schizaeaceae

Schizaeaceae 莎草蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Schizaea 莎草蕨属 S. digitata (L.) Sw.

莎草蕨

13

53. Selaginellaceae 卷柏科 Plants terrestrial or epilithic. Rhizome erect or ascending, or long and prostrate, or short and creeping, multiple branched. Fronds spirally arranged or arranged in 4 ranks, simple, with a ligule. Sporophylls spike like on apex of branches or branchlets. One genus and ca. 700 species occur worldwide, with the highest diversity in tropical regions. A total of 72 species found in China. A total of 21 species of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 26% (19/72) species of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-53

Selaginella pulvinata 垫状卷柏

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Selaginellaceae

Selaginellaceae 卷柏科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Selaginella 卷柏属 S. amblyphylla Alston

钝叶卷柏

13

S. biformis A. Braun ex Kuhn

二形卷柏

13

S. chingii Alston

秦氏卷柏

13

S. davidii Franch.

蔓出卷柏

13

S. delicatula (Desv. ex Poir.) Alston

薄叶卷柏

13

S. doederleinii Hieron.

深绿卷柏

13

S. drepanophylla Alston

镰叶卷柏

13

S. helferi Warb.

攀缘卷柏

13

S. heterostachys Baker

异穗卷柏

13

S. involvens (Sw.) Spring

兖 州卷柏

13

S. kraussiana (Kunze) A. Br.

小翠云草

13

S. labordei Heron. ex Christ

细叶卷柏

13

S. limbata Alston

耳基卷柏

13

S. moellendorfii Hieron.

江南卷柏

13

S. nipponica Franch. et Sav.

伏地卷柏

13

S. picta (Griff.) A. Braun ex Bak.

黑顶卷柏

13

S. pulvinata (Hook. et Grev.) Maxim.

垫状卷柏

13

S. remotifolia Spring

疏叶卷柏

13

S. repanda (Desv. ex Poir.) Spring

高雄卷柏

13

S. tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring

卷柏

13

S. uncinata (Desv.) Spring

翠云草

13

677

678

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora

54. Sinopteridaceae 中国蕨科 Plants small-medium-size, terrestrial. Rhizomes short and erect or oblique ascending, basal covered with lanceolate scales. Fronds tufted or rarely remote; stipe chestnut or dark chestnut color; lamina monomorphic, 2-pinnate or 3–4 pinnatifid; oval-triangular to pentagonal or oblong; herbaceous or papery, green abaxially, often with farina white or waxy yellow. Sporangia small, globose, born along margin at apex of veinlets. About 8–10 genera and >100 species occur worldwide. Nine genera and sixty species found in China. A total of 23 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. Onychium plumosum 繁羽金粉蕨 A number of 35% (21/60) species and 78% (7/9) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-54

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Sinopteridaceae

Sinopteridaceae 中国蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume 13

Aleuritopteris 粉背蕨属 A. albo-marginata (C. B. Clarke) Ching

白边粉背蕨

13

A. anceps (Blanford) Panigrahi

粉背蕨

13

A. argentea (Gmél.) Fée

银粉背蕨

13

A. duclouxii (Christ) Ching

裸叶粉背蕨

13

A. krameri (Franch. et Sav.) Ching

克氏粉背蕨

13

A. likiangensis Ching ex S. K. Wu

丽江粉背蕨

13 13

Cheilosoria 碎米蕨属 C. chusana (Hook.) Ching et Shing

毛轴碎米蕨

13

C. tenuifolia (Burm. f.) Sw.

薄叶碎米蕨

13 13

Doryopteris 黑心蕨属 D. concolor (Langsd. et Fisch.) Kuhn

黑心蕨

13

D. ludens (Wall. ex Hook.) J. Sm.

戟叶黑心蕨

13 13

Notholaena 隐囊蕨属 N. chinensis Baker

中华隐囊蕨

13

N. hirsuta (Poir.) Desv.

隐囊蕨

13 13

Onychium 金粉蕨属 O. contiguum Hope

黑足金粉蕨

13

O. japonicum (Thunb.) Kuntze

野雉尾金粉蕨

13

O. japonicum var. lucidum (D. Don) Christ

栗柄金粉蕨

13

O. plumosum Ching

繁羽金粉蕨

13

O. siliculosum (Desv.) C. Chr.

金粉蕨

13 13

Pellaea 旱蕨属 P. falcata (R. Br.) Fée

镰叶旱蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

679

continued Sinopteridaceae 中国蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. mairei Brause

滇西旱蕨

13

P. nitidula (Hook.) Baker

旱蕨

13

P. rotundifolia Hook.

圆叶旱蕨

13

P. trichophylla (Baker) Ching

毛旱蕨

13

P. viridis (Forssk.) Prantl

大叶绿旱蕨

13 13

Sinopteris 中国蕨属 S. grevilleoides (Christ) C. Chr. et Ching

中国蕨

13

55. Thelypteridaceae 金星蕨科 Plants terrestrial. Rhizome stout, erect, obliquely ascending, or slender and creeping, with scales at apex. Fronds tufted, approximate, or remote, stipes stramineous, monomorphic, often oblong lanceolate or oblanceolate, often 2-pinnatifid, rarely 3–4-pinnatifid, often with expanded tuberculate aerophores at bases of pinnae. Sori orbicular, oblong, or thick-short linear, dorsal born on veins, indusiate or exindusiate. About 20 genera and ca. 1000 species occur widely in all tropical and subtropical areas, more at lower elevations, very few tropical species occurred above Pronephrium triphyllum 三羽新月蕨 4500 m; less common in temperate regions. A total of 18 genera and 199 species found in China. A total of 58 species and one variety of the family are cultivated in at least ten botanical gardens. A number of 27% (53/199) species and 83% (15/18) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-55

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Thelypteridaceae

Thelypteridaceae 金星蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Ampelopteris 星毛蕨属 A. prolifera (Retz.) Cop.

Volume

星毛蕨

13 13

Cyclogramma 钩毛蕨属 C. flexilis (Christ) Tagawa

小叶钩毛蕨

13

C. leveillei (Christ) Ching

狭基钩毛蕨

13

C. omeiensis (Baker) Tagawa

峨眉钩毛蕨

13 13

Cyclosorus 毛蕨属 C. acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai et H. Itô

渐尖毛蕨

13

C. aridus (D. Don) Tagawa

干旱毛蕨

13

C. crinipes (Hook.) Ching

鳞柄毛蕨

13

C. dentatus (Forssk.) Ching

齿牙毛蕨

13

C. heterocarpus (Blume) Ching

异果毛蕨

13

680

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Thelypteridaceae 金星蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

C. interruptus (Willd.) H. Itô

毛蕨

13

C. jinghongensis Ching ex Shing

景洪毛蕨

13

C. latipinnus (Benth.) Tard.-Blot

宽羽毛蕨

13

C. nanlingensis Ching ex Shing et J. F. Cheng

南岭毛蕨

13

C. papilionaceus Shing et C. F. Zhang

蝶羽毛蕨

13

C. parasiticus (L.) Farwell.

华南毛蕨

13

C. scaberulus Ching

糙叶毛蕨

13

C. subacuminatus Ching ex Shing et J. F. Cheng

假渐尖毛蕨

13

C. truncatus (Poir.) Farwell.

截裂毛蕨

13 13

Dictyocline 圣蕨属 D. griffithii Moore

圣蕨

13

D. sagittifolia Ching

戟叶圣蕨

13

D. wilfordii (Hook.) J. Sm.

羽裂圣蕨

13 13

Glaphyropteridopsis 方杆蕨属 G. erubescens (Wall.ex Hook.) Ching

方杆蕨

13

G. rufostraminea (Christ) Ching

粉红方杆蕨

13

小叶茯蕨

13

13

Leptogramma 茯蕨属 L. tottoides H. Itô

13

Macrothelypteris 针毛蕨属 M. oligophlebia (Baker) Ching

针毛蕨

13

M. oligophlebia var. elegans (Koidz.) Ching

雅致针毛蕨

13

M. setigera (Blume) Ching

刚鳞针毛蕨

13

M. torressiana (Gaud.) Ching

普通针毛蕨

13

M. viridifrons (Tagawa) Ching

翠绿针毛蕨

13 13

Mesopteris 龙津蕨属 M. tonkinensis (C. Chr.) Ching

龙津蕨

13 13

Metathelypteris 凸轴蕨属 M. hattorii (H. Itô) Ching

林下凸轴蕨

13

M. laxa (Franch. et Sav.) Ching

疏羽凸轴蕨

13 13

Parathelypteris 金星蕨属 P. angulariloba (Ching) Ching

钝角金星蕨

13

P. beddomei (Baker) Ching

长根金星蕨

13

P. glanduligera (Kze.) Ching

金星蕨

13

P. japonica (Baker) Ching

光脚金星蕨

13

P. nipponica (Franch. et Sav.) Ching

中日金星蕨

13

P. petelotii (Ching) Ching

长毛金星蕨

13 13

Phegopteris 卵果蕨属 P. connectilis (Michx.) Watt

卵果蕨

13

P. decursive-pinnata (van Hall) Fée

延羽卵果蕨

13 13

Pronephrium 新月蕨属 P. gymnopteridifrons (Hayata) Holtt.

新月蕨

13

P. hirsutum Ching et Y. X. Lin

针毛新月蕨

13

P. lakhimpurense (Rosenst.) Holtt.

红色新月蕨

13

VI

Introduction to Families of Pteridophyta

681

continued Thelypteridaceae 金星蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

P. megacuspe (Baker) Holttum

微红新月蕨

13

P. nudatum (Roxb.) Holttum

大羽新月蕨

13

P. penangianum (Hook.) Holtt.

披针新月蕨

13

P. simplex (Hook.) Holttum

单叶新月蕨

13

P. triphyllum (Sw.) Holtt.

三羽新月蕨

13 13

Pseudocyclosorus 假毛蕨属 P. ciliatus (Benth.) Ching

溪边假毛蕨

13

P. esquirolii (Christ.) Ching

西南假毛蕨

13

P. falcilobus (Hook.) Ching

镰片假毛蕨

13

P. paraochthodes Ching ex Shing et J. F. Ching

武宁假毛蕨

13

P. subochthodes (Ching) Ching

普通假毛蕨

13

P. tylodes (Kunze) Holtt.

假毛蕨

13 13

Pseudophegopteris 紫柄蕨属 P. pyrrhorachis (Kunze) Ching

紫柄蕨

13

P. rectangularis (Zoll.) Holttum

对生紫柄蕨

13

P. yunkweiensis (Ching) Ching

云贵紫柄蕨

13 13

Stegnogramma 溪边蕨属 S. cyrtomioides (C. Chr.) Ching

贯众叶溪边蕨

13

S. xingwenensis Ching ex Y. X. Lin.

兴文溪边蕨

13

56. Vittariaceae 书带蕨科 Plants epiphytic. Rhizome creeping, densely covered with scales; scales reticulated, transparent, basal born. Fronds approximate, monomorphic, simple, stipe short, not articulated, lamina linear to long band like. Veins pinnate, simple, connate at apical margin, forming narrowly anastomosing, without internal veinlets, or only with costa but no lateral veinlets. Sporangia forming sori, linear, on surface or in grooves, exindusiate. About three genera and ca. 30 species occur in tropical Asia to Australia, and the Pacific islands. Three genera and 15 species found in China. A total of seven species of the family are cultivated Vittaria elongata 唇边书带蕨 in at least seven botanical gardens. A number of 47% (7/15) species and 33% (1/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-56

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Vittariaceae

Vittariaceae 书带蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Vittaria 书带蕨属 V. amboinensis Fée

Volume

剑叶书带蕨

13

682

The Chinese Garden Flora—Introduction to Encyclopedia of Chinese Garden Flora continued

Vittariaceae 书带蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

Volume

V. anguste-elongata Hayata

姬书带蕨

13

V. doniana Mett. ex Hieron.

带状书带蕨

13

V. elongata Sw.

唇边书带蕨

13

V. flexuosa Fée

书带蕨

13

V. fudzinoi Makino

平肋书带蕨

13

V. hainanensis C. Chr. ex Ching

海南书带蕨

13

57. Woodsiaceae 岩蕨科 Plants small-medium size, xerophytes. Rhizome short and erect or recumbent, or obliquely ascending; scales lanceolate, brown. Fronds tufted; lamina elliptic lanceolate to narrow lanceolate, 1-pinnate to 2-pinnatifid. Veins pinnate, free, apex often with hydathodes, not reaching margin. Sori orbicular, born on middle or near apex of veinlets. About four genera and ca. 43 species: widely distributed in northern temperate and frigid regions, rarely in Central and South America, Africa and Madagascar. Three genera and 24 species found in China. A total of four species of the family are cultivated Woodsia polystichoides 耳羽岩蕨 in at least five botanical gardens. A number of 17% (4/24) species and 67% (2/3) genera of the family occurred in China have been cultivated in botanical gardens. Table VI-57

The checklist of garden cultivated taxa of Woodsiaceae

Woodsiaceae 岩蕨科 Species (or ssp. or var.)

Chinese name

13

Protowoodsia 膀胱蕨属 P. manchuriensis (Hook.) Ching

Volume

膀胱蕨

13 13

Woodsia 岩蕨属 W. andersonii (Bedd.) Christ

蜘蛛岩蕨

13

W. polystichoides Eaton

耳羽岩蕨

13

W. rosthorniana Diels

密毛岩蕨

13

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